                                                                               FILED
                                                                   United States Court of Appeals
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        Tenth Circuit

                              FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT                      January 11, 2017
                          _________________________________
                                                                       Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                           Clerk of Court
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

     Plaintiff - Appellee,

v.                                                         No. 16-2248
                                                 (D.C. No. 2:16-CR-03041-WJ-1)
GONZALO GARCIA-MELCHOR,                                     (D. N.M.)

     Defendant - Appellant.
                     _________________________________

                              ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
                          _________________________________

Before BACHARACH, PHILLIPS, and McHUGH, Circuit Judges.
                 _________________________________

      Gonzalo Garcia-Melchor accepted a Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(c)(1)(C) plea

agreement and pleaded guilty to one count of reentry of a removed alien, in violation

of 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a) & (b). He was sentenced to 15 months of imprisonment, at the

low end of the applicable Sentencing Guidelines range. Although the plea agreement

contained an appeal waiver, he appealed. The government has moved to enforce the

appeal waiver under United States v. Hahn, 359 F.3d 1315, 1328 (10th Cir. 2004)

(en banc) (per curiam).


      *
         This panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not
materially assist in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2);
10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law
of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its
persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
      Mr. Garcia-Melchor’s counsel filed a motion to withdraw and a brief under

Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 744 (1967), indicating that he could identify no

non-frivolous argument to oppose the government’s motion. We gave

Mr. Garcia-Melchor the opportunity to respond to his counsel’s submission. See id.

He informed the court that he was unhappy with his sentence; he understood from his

attorney that he would receive a shorter sentence.

      Under Hahn, we consider “(1) whether the disputed appeal falls within the

scope of the waiver of appellate rights; (2) whether the defendant knowingly and

voluntarily waived his appellate rights; and (3) whether enforcing the waiver would

result in a miscarriage of justice.” 359 F.3d at 1325. Our independent review of the

record, see Anders, 386 U.S. at 744, does not reveal any non-frivolous arguments

regarding the waiver.

      First, we consider the scope of the waiver. Hahn, 359 F.3d at 1325.

Mr. Garcia-Melchor’s waiver is broad, covering “the right to appeal the defendant’s

conviction(s) and any sentence, including any fine, imposed in conformity with this

Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(c)(1)(C) plea agreement.” Mot. to Enforce, Exh. 1 at 5.

Mr. Garcia-Melchor’s 15-month sentence conformed to the parties’ agreement, and

therefore a challenge to the sentence falls within the scope of the waiver. To the

extent that Mr. Garcia-Melchor believes his counsel rendered ineffective assistance,

such a claim would be outside the scope of the waiver. See id. at 6. But it has long

been the rule that ineffective-assistance claims generally should be raised in

collateral proceedings under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, see United States v. Galloway,

                                           2
56 F.3d 1239, 1240 (10th Cir. 1995) (en banc), and “[t]his rule applies even where a

defendant seeks to invalidate an appellate waiver based on ineffective assistance of

counsel,” United States v. Porter, 405 F.3d 1136, 1144 (10th Cir. 2005); see also

Hahn, 359 F.3d at 1327 n.13.

      We next consider whether the waiver was knowing and voluntary. Hahn,

359 F.3d at 1325. In evaluating this factor, we generally examine the language of the

plea agreement and the adequacy of the Fed. R. Crim. P. 11 plea colloquy. Id. It is

Mr. Garcia-Melchor’s burden “to provide support for the notion that he did not

knowingly and voluntarily enter into his plea agreement.” Id. at 1329.

      In his plea agreement, Mr. Garcia-Melchor acknowledged that his plea was

voluntary and not the result of force or threats or promises, other than the promises in

the plea agreement itself. He also acknowledged that he was voluntarily entering into

the appeal waiver. Similarly, during the plea colloquy, he denied that anyone had

made promises or threats to him and asserted that he was entering his plea knowingly

and voluntarily. And during the colloquy the court particularly addressed the appeal

waiver, securing Mr. Garcia-Melchor’s assurance that he had gone over the waiver

with his attorney and understood it. On this record, there is no non-frivolous

argument that the waiver was not knowing and voluntary.

      Finally, we consider whether enforcing the waiver would result in a

miscarriage of justice. Id. at 1325, 1327. A miscarriage of justice occurs “[1] where

the district court relied on an impermissible factor such as race, [2] where ineffective

assistance of counsel in connection with the negotiation of the waiver renders the

                                           3
waiver invalid, [3] where the sentence exceeds the statutory maximum, or [4] where

the waiver is otherwise unlawful.” Id. at 1327 (internal quotation marks omitted).

Only ineffective assistance of counsel appears to be potentially implicated here. As

stated above, however, any such allegations should be raised in a § 2255 proceeding.

See Porter, 405 F.3d at 1144; Hahn, 359 F.3d at 1327 n.13.

      For these reasons, we conclude it is “wholly frivolous” for

Mr. Garcia-Melchor to oppose the motion to enforce in this direct appeal. Anders,

386 U.S. at 744. The motion to enforce is granted, without prejudice to

Mr. Garcia-Melchor raising allegations of ineffective assistance of counsel in a

28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion. The motion to withdraw is granted. This matter is

dismissed.



                                           Entered for the Court
                                           Per Curiam




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