                   UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL
                            FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT



                                 No. 97-6068



In re:     NATIONAL METALCRAFT        *
           CORPORATION                *
                                      *
                                      *
                 Debtor.              *
-----------------------
Eric W. Lam, Trustee              *
                                  *
               Respondent         *
                                      *        APPEAL FROM THE UNITED
                                      *        STATES BANKRUPTCY
v.                                    *        COURT FOR THE
                                      *        SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF IOWA
The Connelly Group, L.P.              *
                                      *
               Petitioner             *
                                      *
                                      *
Irvin G. Johnson                      *
                                  *
               Defendant          *


                         Submitted: August 13, 1997
                          Filed: September 8, 1997



Before Dreher, Schermer, and Scott, Bankruptcy Judges

SCOTT, Bankruptcy Judge

                                      I

     The trustee in this bankruptcy case filed an adversary proceeding

to recover funds which Irvin Johnson, the president of the debtor

corporation, expended at a river boat casino.    The
defendant Connelly Group which operates the river boat casino filed a

motion for summary judgment on the basis that it is not a transferee

under section 550 of the Bankruptcy Code.   The Bankruptcy Court denied

the motion on the grounds that material factual issues existed for

trial.   Specifically, the Bankruptcy Court indicated that Connelly Group

could be an immediate or mediate transferee of the initial transferee

such that summary judgment was inappropriate.     The Connelly Group now

seeks leave to appeal this ruling.

                                     II

         In order for an appellate court to permit an interlocutory

appeal, the movant must demonstrate that exceptional circumstances

exist, White v. Nix, 43 F.3d 374, 376 (8th Cir. 1994), not merely that

the issue is hard, unique, or the case is difficult, Arkansas-Best

Freight System, Inc. v. Youngblood, 359 F. Supp. 1125, 1129 (W.D. Ark.

1973)(quoting U.S. Rubber Co. v. Wright, 359 F.2d 784, 875 (9th Cir.

1966).   Leave to appeal is not granted unless:

     (1) refusal would result in wasted litigation and expense;

     (2) the appeal involves a controlling question of law as to which

there is a substantial basis for difference of opinion; and

     (3) an immediate appeal may materially advance the ultimate

termination of the litigation.




                                     2
Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors v. Credit Lyonnais Bank

Nederland, N.V. (In re NSB Film Corporation), 167 B.R. 176, 180 (BAP 9th

Cir. 1994).     This standard, applicable for appeals to the circuit

courts, 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b), is generally applied in bankruptcy appeals.

Twenver, Inc. v. MCA Television, Ltd (In re Twenver, Inc.), 127 B.R.

467, 470 (D. Colo. 1991).

                                     III

       The panel does not believe that this standard has been met.

First, the appeal does not place before the Court solely an issue of

law.   While it is true that a transferee must have the ability to

exercise dominion and control over property, In re Bullion Reserve of

North America, 922 F.2d 544, 547 (9th Cir. 1991),1 the issue of dominion

and control is one of fact for the trier of fact, not this court.

       Second, an immediate appeal does not advance the ultimate

termination of the litigation because there exist issues of fact

involving this defendant and there are other parties against whom trial

will proceed.    An immediate appeal would delay the




       1
      The Eighth Circuit case cited by the defendant, Luker v.
Reeves (In re Reeves), 65 F.3d 670 (8th Cir. 1995), as well as
the more recent Fourth Circuit case, Bowers v. Atlanta Motor
Speedway Inc. (In re Southeast Hotel Properties Limited
Partnership), 99 F.3d 151 4th Cir. 1996), address the standard in
the context of the initial transferee under section 550(a)(1).
In contrast, the Bankruptcy Court has before it the issue of
defendant's status as an immediate or mediate transferee under
section 550(a)(2). The Panel declines to rule on whether this
distinction is significant. Again, this is a decision for the
trial court in the first instance, not an appellate court.

                                      3
conclusion of the litigation as to the other parties, impose additional

costs upon all parties, and require an appellate court to expend

resources in considering an issue which may be moot upon the conclusion

of trial. Cf. Flanagan v. United States, 465 U.S. 259, 104 S. Ct. 1051,

1052 (1940);2 Streetman v. Russell (In re Russell), 957 F.2d 534, 535

(8th Cir. 1992)(“The common law fraud claim may be defeated, mooting out

the punitive damages claim.   Appellate consideration should be deferred

until the rest of the case is adjudicated before the bankruptcy

court.”); In re Eleccion, 178 B.R. 807, 809 (9th Cir. BAP 1995)(final

judgment rule prevents piecemeal litigation, conserves judicial energy

and eliminates need for delays caused by interlocutory appeals); Jajo v.

Ehre (In re Adirondack Railway Corporation), 38 B.R. 736, 739 (N.D.N.Y.

1984)(“[T]he appellant still has an opportunity to prove to the

bankruptcy judge [his allegations].       If he prevails




     2
      As noted by the Supreme Court,

     The final judgment rule serves several important
     interests. It helps preserve the respect due trial
     judges by minimizing appellate court interference with
     the numerous decisions they must make in the pre-
     judgment states of litigation. It reduces the ability
     of litigants to harass opponents and to clog the courts
     through a succession of costly and time-consuming
     appeals. It is crucial to the efficient administration
     of justice....For these reasons, <[t]his Court has long
     held that the policy of Congress...is inimical to
     piecemeal appellate review of trial decisions which do
     not terminate the litigation.

Flanagan v. United States, 465 U.S. 259, 104 S. Ct. 1051, 1052
(1940).

                                      4
on that claim, there will be no necessity of deciding the issues raised

on this appeal.”).     A delay would serve no purpose but imperil

administration of justice to all parties. United States v. Brennan, 134

F. Supp. 42, 54 (D. Minn. 1955)(“Here, the prosecution urges an early

trial notwithstanding the Ryan appeal...[T]o delay the trial will

prejudice its case...[T]he evidence will grow cold and the memories of

witnesses may slip.”).

                                      IV

     Inasmuch as the Connelly Group has not demonstrated that an

interlocutory appeal is appropriate, Fed. R. Bankr. Proc. 8003, the

Motion Seeking Leave to Appeal is denied and this bankruptcy appeal is

dismissed.

     A true copy.

             Attest:

                  CLERK, U.S. BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL FOR THE EIGHTH
                  CIRCUIT




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