                                                                        F I L E D
                                                                  United States Court of Appeals
                                                                          Tenth Circuit
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                        March 28, 2006
                                TENTH CIRCUIT                         Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                         Clerk of Court

 BHUPINDER SINGH SONDH,

               Petitioner-Appellant,                    No. 05-9563
          v.                                  (Board of Immigration Appeals)
 ALBERTO R. GONZALES, Attorney                  (Agency No. A76-685-308)
 General,

               Respondent-Appellee.


                           ORDER AND JUDGMENT *


Before HARTZ, EBEL, and TYMKOVICH, Circuit Judges. **


      Appellant Bhupinder Singh Sondh is a native and citizen of India who came

to the United States in 1996 on a temporary visa. He was placed under removal

proceedings and sought various forms of relief. The procedural background of his

efforts to avoid deportation is somewhat complicated, and his efforts were largely



      *
         This order is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of
the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the
citation of orders; nevertheless, an order may be cited under the terms and
conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
      **
         After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this three-judge
panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not be of material
assistance in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th
Cir. R. 34.1(G). The cause is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
unsuccessful. See Sondh v. Gonzales, 2005 WL 319036 (10th Cir. 2005)

(affirming removal order). However, in an unrelated matter, the BIA decided a

visa petition filed by Sondh’s citizen wife should be reviewed, so Sondh asked the

BIA to reopen the removal case on this basis. The BIA denied the motion.

      Sondh now asks us to reverse the Board of Immigration Appeal’s (BIA)

decision not to reopen removal proceedings. While Sondh’s claims may warrant

consolidation before immigration officials, we conclude the BIA did not abuse its

discretion by denying Sondh’s motion to reopen removal proceedings. We

therefore affirm, noting that the BIA retains discretion to reopen the removal case

to facilitate review of Sondh’s wife’s visa petition.

                                  BACKGROUND

      Sondh entered the United States in 1996. He overstayed his temporary visa,

and in October 1997, the government initiated removal proceedings against him.

During those proceedings, Sondh’s first wife, Denise Allen, filed a visa petition

on his behalf, which was denied based on Sondh’s failure to establish the bona

fides of the marriage. Subsequently, Sondh filed an asylum petition, which was

also denied.

      Sondh appealed the asylum petition but did not appeal the denial of the visa

petition. While the asylum appeal was pending before the BIA (over two years),

Sondh was divorced and remarried. His second wife, LaDonna Mittelsted, filed a


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second immigrant visa petition on Sondh’s behalf. Before this petition could be

resolved, the BIA denied the asylum appeal in a March 19, 2003, order.

      At this point, Sondh pursued two courses to challenge removal. First, he

appealed the asylum decision to this court. At the same time, he filed a motion to

reopen the removal proceedings before the BIA. The basis for this motion was

Mittelsted’s pending visa petition.

      Despite the pending visa petition, the BIA denied Sondh’s motion to

reopen. Under In re Velarde-Pacheco, 23 I&N Dec. 253 (BIA 2002), the BIA can

exercise its discretion to grant a motion to reopen as long as certain criteria are

met. Id. at 256. However, one of those criteria—that the government not oppose

the motion—was not met. The BIA noted the government opposed the motion on

the ground that Sondh’s “pending visa petition cannot be approved because he

previously sought to be accorded immediate relative status by reason of a

marriage determined by the Attorney General to have been entered into for the

purpose of evading the immigration laws.” 1 R. at 90. Accordingly, the BIA

denied the motion on August 29, 2003, not because it agreed with the

government’s view of the previous marriage, but because the government’s

opposition took the case outside the realm of Velarde-Pacheco.



      1
        The government also opposed the motion to reopen on unspecified
“discretionary factors.” R. at 92.

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      Sondh then appealed the BIA’s denial of his motion to reopen, and we

consolidated that appeal with his earlier appeal on the merits of his asylum

petition. We denied both appeals in a prior opinion in this case. Sondh v.

Gonzales, 2005 WL 319036 (10th Cir. 2005).

      While we were reviewing Sondh’s first appeal from the BIA, immigration

authorities were reviewing Mittelsted’s visa petition. Before we issued our

opinion, however, the immigration service denied the second visa petition on the

ground that Sondh’s first marriage was fraudulently entered to circumvent

immigration laws. Sondh appealed that decision to the BIA, and on March 4,

2005, two months after we issued our opinion in Sondh’s appeal, the BIA

reversed that determination because of an inadequate record and remanded with

instructions to adjudicate the visa petition.

      Sondh then filed a motion to reopen the removal case 2 on the ground that he

would now be eligible to adjust status. 3 The BIA denied this motion on the

ground that it was untimely, and Sondh appealed again to this court.




      2
        In the same motion, Sondh also asked the BIA to reconsider its August 29,
2003, ruling, which it declined to do. He does not appeal the denial of his motion
to reconsider.
      3
        It is unclear whether the visa petition was ever approved, although
Sondh’s April 8, 2005, application for adjustment of status based on an approved
visa petition suggests that it was.

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                                    ANALYSIS

      Sondh argues on appeal that the BIA erred in denying his motion to reopen.

Federal regulations authorize the BIA to grant a single motion to reopen, filed by

either party within ninety days of a final order. 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c). We have

jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1) and review this decision for abuse of

discretion. Infanzon v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 1359, 1362 (10th Cir. 2004). The BIA

abuses its discretion where its decision “provides no rational explanation,

inexplicably departs from established policies, is devoid of any reasoning, or

contains only summary or conclusory statements.” Id.

      Here, the BIA denied the motion to reopen on the ground that it was a

second motion filed after ninety days, and Sondh concedes that his motion was

untimely under the regulation. Thus, the BIA did not abuse its discretion in

denying Sondh’s motion to reopen on this ground.

      Sondh further argues that the BIA should have exercised its discretion to

reopen the case sua sponte to correct a miscarriage of justice. It is true that the

BIA may reopen a case at any time on its own motion. 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(a).

However, “because there are no standards by which to judge the agency’s exercise

of discretion,” we have held that “we do not have jurisdiction to consider [a]

claim that the BIA should have sua sponte reopened the proceedings under 8

C.F.R. § 1003.2(a).” Infanzon, 386 F.3d at 1361; Belay-Gebru v. INS, 327 F.3d


                                         -5-
998, 1001 (10th Cir. 2003). Accordingly, the BIA’s decision is not reviewable.

      A closing comment. The apparently inconsistent orders from the BIA are

procedurally odd. Sondh’s pending visa petition may result in his eligibility to

adjust status based on a valid second marriage, and the BIA has said that petition

should be adjudicated. Yet the BIA has ignored the posture of that petition in

these deportation proceedings. It stated: “the fact that an alien may have a

pending, or even approved, visa petition does not alter the filing deadlines or

other requirements for motions to reopen and reconsider set forth at 8 C.F.R.

§ 1003.2.” R. at 3. While this statement may be true, if Sondh is truly entitled to

review of the visa petition, and more so if the petition has already been approved,

the BIA has discretion to reopen and review Sondh’s order of deportation. The

facts of this case may well warrant such a result.

                                  CONCLUSION

      For these reasons, we AFFIRM the decision below. Although we lack

jurisdiction to direct the BIA to reopen the case, it retains discretion to do so

under 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(a).

                                                Entered for the Court

                                                Timothy M. Tymkovich
                                                Circuit Judge




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