[Cite as State v. Hume, 2013-Ohio-2668.]


STATE OF OHIO                    )                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                 )ss:                 NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT                 )

STATE OF OHIO                                         C.A. No.       26201

        Appellee

        v.                                            APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                      ENTERED IN THE
KEITH RICHARD HUME                                    COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                                                      COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
        Appellant                                     CASE No.   CR 11 06 1410

                                DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: June 26, 2013



        CARR, Judge.

        {¶1}    Appellant Keith Hume appeals his sentence imposed by the Summit County Court

of Common Pleas. This Court affirms in part, reverses in part, and remands.

                                                 I.

        {¶2}    Hume pleaded guilty to one count of felonious assault, one count of failure to

comply with order or signal of a police officer (a felony of the third degree), one count of

falsification, and one count of unauthorized use of a vehicle. The trial court sentenced Hume to

a total of seven years of incarceration, ordered that he pay restitution to the victim in the amount

of $1,842.00, and suspended his driving privileges for the remaining period of his lifetime.

Hume appealed and raises three assignments of error for review.
                                                 2


                                                II.

                                 ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

       THE TRIAL COURT ERR[]ED WHEN IT IMPOSED RESTITUTION OVER
       DEFENSE   COUNSEL’S    OBJECTION  WITHOUT    HOLDING   A
       RESTITUTION HEARING[.]

       {¶3}     Hume argues that the trial court erred in imposing restitution in this case. This

Court agrees.

       {¶4}     R.C. 2929.18(A)(1) allows a trial court to order restitution as part of the

defendant’s sentence when imposing sentence on a felony. The trial court may base the amount

of restitution ordered “on an amount recommended by the victim, the offender, a presentence

investigation report, estimates or receipts indicating the cost of repairing or replacing property,

and other information, provided that the amount the court orders as restitution shall not exceed

the amount of the economic loss suffered by the victim as a direct and proximate result of the

commission of the offense.” Id. If the victim or offender disputes the amount of restitution, the

trial court must hold a hearing. Id.

       {¶5}     Prior to sentencing, the trial court ordered a presentence investigation report and

victim impact statement.      The court noted that it had reviewed those in preparation for

sentencing. The trial court based its determination that restitution was warranted on information

in the presentence investigation report, specifically $2500 in medical costs and $1842 for the

value of items stolen. The court then heard arguments from counsel and statements from the

victim and Hume on the issue of the amount of restitution. The State made reference to a bonus

check received by the victim on the day of the commission of the offense. The victim then

clarified that the attorney general’s office would be reimbursing her for medical costs, so she was

not requesting restitution for those costs. The State confirmed that Hume would be responsible
                                                  3


to the attorney general’s fund, not the victim, for the victim’s medical costs. Hume objected to

the imposition of restitution for the victim’s bonus check. He claimed that while both he and the

victim had outstanding personal property claims stemming from the time they lived together, the

instant criminal proceeding was not the proper forum to resolve those issues.

        {¶6}   Although Hume notes on appeal that the trial court did not hold a separate

restitution hearing in this case, it is apparent from the transcript as well as the argument set forth

in Hume’s merit brief that his primary challenge concerns the trial court’s decision to order

restitution for an apparent uncharged theft offense. As Hume asserts that requiring him to pay

restitution for an apparent theft violated R.C. 2929.18(A)(1), he has raised a question of law.

Wetterman v. B.C., 9th Dist. No. 12CA0021-M, 2013-Ohio-57, ¶ 8. As noted above, R.C.

2929.18(A)(1) permits the trial court to order restitution in an amount that “shall not exceed the

amount of the economic loss suffered by the victim as a direct and proximate result of the

commission of the offense.” Here, the trial court ordered Hume to pay restitution to the victim in

the amount of $1842, the amount representative of the value of the items stolen. While Hume

was convicted of felonious assault, however, he was never charged with, or convicted of, a theft

offense. Thus, the amount of restitution was not a direct and proximate result of the commission

of the offense for which Hume was convicted. It follows that the trial court erred in ordering

restitution.

        {¶7}   The first assignment of error is sustained.

                                 ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II

        THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR IN VIOLATION
        OF DEFENDANT-APPELLANT’S CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO DUE
        PROCESS OF LAW BY IMPOSING THE MAXIMUM POSSIBLE PRISON
        TERM OF THREE YEARS AND A LIFETIME DRIVER’S LICENSE
        SUSPENSION FOR THE DEFENDANT-APPELLANT’S OFFENSE OF
        FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH ORDER OR SIGNAL OF POLICE OFFICER
                                                 4


       IN VIOLATION OF R.C. 2921.331(B), WHERE THE RECORD DOES NOT
       REFLECT THAT THE TRIAL COURT CONSIDERED THE REQUIRED
       SENTENCING FACTORS UNDER R.C. 2929.12, R.C. 2929.13 AND R.C.
       2921.331(C)(5)(B).

       {¶8}    Hume argues that the sentence imposed by the trial court for the offense of failure

to comply with order or signal of a police officer was contrary to law because the court failed to

consider the factors contained in R.C. 2929.12, 2929.13, and 2921.331(C)(5)(b). This Court

disagrees.

       {¶9}    Hume concedes that his sentence falls within the permissible statutory range.

Specifically, he concedes that a three-year prison term and lifetime driver’s license suspension

fall within the permissible statutory range for a violation of R.C. 2921.331(B). He argues only

that the trial court failed to consider the factors concerning the seriousness of the offense and the

likelihood of recidivism pursuant to R.C. 2929.12, that it failed to consider the sentencing

guidelines pursuant to R.C. 2929.13, and that it failed to consider the sentencing factors specific

to the offense of failure to comply pursuant to R.C. 2921.331(C)(5)(b).

       {¶10} First, Hume develops no specific argument that the trial court failed to consider

the sentencing guidelines for specific offenses and degrees of offenses pursuant to R.C. 2929.13.

In fact, he concedes that his sentence for failure to comply fits within the permissible statutory

range. Accordingly, his argument in this regard fails.

       {¶11} Second, he argues that the trial court failed to properly consider the seriousness

and recidivism factors enunciated in R.C. 2929.12. The record tells a different story, however.

The record in this case reflects that the trial court considered the presentence investigation report

which is not part of the record. In addition, the trial court discussed Hume’s lengthy criminal

history, the serious physical harm suffered by the victim, Hume’s relationship with the victim

which facilitated the offense, his prior criminal history, that fact that he was on judicial release
                                                  5


for serious offenses when he committed the instant criminal acts, and a disturbing pattern of

violence and manipulation perpetrated by Hume. In addition, the trial court noted that the

presentence investigation report indicated Hume’s high risk for recidivism and that Hume

informed the investigator that he believed that the victim caused her own broken rib.

Accordingly, the record indicates that the trial court in fact considered the statutory factors

relevant to the seriousness of the offense and Hume’s likelihood to commit future crimes.

Moreover, the court’s sentencing entry states that the court considered the appropriate statutory

factors. See State v. Aderhold, 9th Dist. No. 07CA0047-M, 2008-Ohio-1772, ¶ 13 (recognizing

that a trial court speaks through its journal entries). Furthermore, this Court is compelled to

presume the validity of the trial court’s determination regarding sentencing in the absence of the

presentence investigation report on which the court relied. State v. Bennett, 9th Dist. No. 26241,

2012-Ohio-3664, ¶ 24.

       {¶12} Finally, Hume argues that the trial court failed to consider the factors enunciated

in R.C. 2921.331(C)(5)(b), relevant to sentencing for failure to comply when that offense is a

felony of the third degree. Those factors include: “(i) [t]he duration of the pursuit; (ii) [t]he

distance of the pursuit; (iii) [t]he rate of speed at which the offender operated the motor vehicle

during the pursuit; (iv) [w]hether the offender failed to stop for traffic lights or stop signs during

the pursuit; (v) [t]he number of traffic lights or stops signs for which the offender failed to stop

during the pursuit; (vi) [w]hether the offender operated the motor vehicle during the pursuit

without lighted lights during a time when lighted lights are required; (vii) [w]hether the offender

committed a moving violation during the pursuit; (viii) [t]he number of moving violations the

offender committed during the pursuit; [and] (ix) [a]ny other relevant factors indicating that the

offender’s conduct is more serious than conduct normally constituting the offense.”
                                                 6


       {¶13} This Court has recognized that “a trial court’s discussion at sentencing of facts

that reflect the factors in R.C. 2921.331(C)(5)(b) indicate that the trial court considered the

statute.” State v. Dennison, 9th Dist. No. 11CA0046, 2012-Ohio-1119, ¶ 13. The record

indicates that the trial court took note that Hume was involved in two high-speed chases with

police, driving as fast as 120 m.p.h. The trial court characterized that as “the highest speed,”

opining, “I don’t think you can go faster than that[.]” The trial court noted that such speed posed

a substantial risk of harm to the public. In addition, the court noted that Hume participated in the

high speed chases while driving under suspension and in a car that belonged to someone else

who had not given him permission to use the car. In light of the trial court’s discussion, it is

clear that it considered the sentencing factors in R.C. 2921.331(C)(5)(b) before imposing a three-

year prison term and a lifetime driver’s license suspension.

       {¶14} Based on a thorough review of the record, this Court concludes that Hume has not

demonstrated that his sentence is contrary to law.       Hume’s second assignment of error is

overruled.

                                ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III

       THE COURT ERR[]ED WHEN IT CONSIDERED DEFEND[AN]T’S
       JUVENILE RECORD IN SENTENCING.

       {¶15} Hume argues that the trial court erred by considering his juvenile arrest record in

sentencing. This Court disagrees.

       {¶16} Hume concedes that R.C. 2929.12(D)(2) allows the sentencing court to consider

the fact that the offender was previously adjudicated a delinquent child. Accord State v. Casey,

9th Dist. No. 11CA0054-M, 2012-Ohio-744, ¶ 15 (recognizing that “a trial court is permitted to

consider an offender’s juvenile record in making its sentencing decision”).
                                                7


       {¶17} The trial court made several references both to Hume’s juvenile and adult records

during the sentencing hearing based on information in the presentence investigation report.

Although Hume complains that the trial court improperly considered his juvenile arrest record,

he cites no authority for the proposition that the court could not in its discretion consider that

information.   The Ohio Supreme Court has recognized that “it is well-established that a

sentencing court may weigh such factors as arrests for other crimes. * * * [T]he function of the

sentencing court is to acquire a thorough grasp of the character and history of the defendant

before it. The court’s consideration ought to encompass negative as well as favorable data. Few

things can be so relevant as other criminal activity of the defendant.        ‘To argue that the

presumption of innocence is affronted by considering unproved criminal activity is as

implausible as taking the double jeopardy clause to bar reference to past convictions.’” State v.

Burton, 52 Ohio St.2d 21, 23 (1977), quoting United States v. Doyle, 348 F.2d 715, 721 (2d

Cir.1965).

       {¶18} Moreover, it is unclear from the transcript whether the trial court even considered

Hume’s juvenile arrest record.      The trial court relied on information in the presentence

investigation report to glean Hume’s criminal history. Although the court mentioned his juvenile

offenses, and accorded them significance based on the judge’s history as a juvenile court judge,

the court then referred to Hume’s many arrests but fewer “convictions.” The court did not

mention Hume’s arrests within the context of delinquency adjudications. In the absence of the

presentence investigation report within the record, this Court cannot determine whether any of

the arrests noted by the trial court occurred while Hume was a minor. As we have before noted

in regard to Hume’s challenges to his sentence, this Court is compelled to presume the validity of

the trial court’s sentencing determinations in the absence of the presentence investigation report
                                                 8


on which the court relied. Bennett, 2012-Ohio-3664, at ¶ 24. Hume’s third assignment of error

is overruled.

                                                III.

       {¶19} Hume’s first assignment of error is sustained. The remaining assignments of error

are overruled. The judgment of the Summit County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed in part,

and reversed in part, and remanded for further proceedings consistent with this decision.

                                                                        Judgment affirmed in part,
                                                                                 reversed in part,
                                                                             and cause remanded.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed equally to both parties.




                                                       DONNA J. CARR
                                                       FOR THE COURT
                                         9



HENSAL, J.
CONCURS.

BELFANCE, P. J.
CONCURS IN JUDGMENT ONLY.


APPEARANCES:

RHONDA L. KOTNIK, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and HEAVEN DIMARTINO, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.
