[Cite as Mathews v. E. Pike Local School Dist. Bd. of Edn., 2013-Ohio-4438.]


                              IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                                 FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                        PIKE COUNTY

GEORGE L. MATHEWS,                                         :
                                                           :
        Plaintiff-Appellant/ Cross-Appellee,               :
                                                           :                   Case No. 12CA832
        v.                                                 :
                                                           :
EASTERN PIKE LOCAL SCHOOL                                  :                   DECISION AND
DISTRICT BOARD OF EDUCATION, et al.,                       :                   JUDGMENT ENTRY
                                                           :
        Defendants-Appellees/ Cross-Appellants.            :                   Released: 09/26/2013

                                            APPEARANCES:

William S. Cole and Joseph D. Kirby, Jackson, Ohio, for appellant.

Ryan M. LaFlamme, ENNIS, ROBERTS & FISCHER, Cincinnati, Ohio, for appellees.

F. Harrison Green, F. HARRISON GREEN CO., L.P.A., Cincinnati, Ohio, for cross-appellant.


Hoover, J.

        {¶ 1} This is an appeal of the judgment of the Pike County Court of Common Pleas

ruling (1) appellant, George L. Mathews and appellees, Eastern Pike Local School District Board

of Education, et al., entered into a settlement agreement and the provisions of such agreement

should be enforced and (2) that cross-appellant, Attorney F. Harrison Green is entitled to the

enforcement of a charging lien in the amount of $35,000.00 against the settlement proceeds.


        {¶ 2} In the related case Mathews v. Eastern Pike Local School District Board of

Education et al., 4th Dist. No. 12CA831, 2013-Ohio----, appellant George L. Mathews appealed

the trial court’s enforcement of a settlement agreement. In that case, we affirmed the trial court’s

decision to enforce the settlement agreement referenced as “Exhibit A.” In this case, appellant

challenges the enforcement of the charging lien in favor of Attorney F. Harrison Green. As a
Pike App. No. 12CA832                                                                                2


cross-appellant, Attorney Green appeals the amount of the charging lien. For the following

reasons, the trial court’s decision granting the charging lien in the amount of $35,000.00 against

the settlement proceeds is affirmed.


       {¶ 3} Appellant, George L. Mathews, sets forth the following assignment of error:

       I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT GRANTED A CHARGING LIEN

       AS THERE WAS NO SETTLEMENT.

       {¶ 4} Cross-Appellant, Attorney Green, sets forth the following assignment of error:

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT FAILED TO PROPERLY COMPUTE

       THE AMOUNT OF ATTORNEY FEES FOR THE CHARGING LIEN.

                                            I. FACTS

       {¶ 5} The facts are essentially the same facts as set forth in the related case Mathews v.

Eastern Pike Local School District Board of Education et al., 4th Dist. No. 12CA831, 2013-

Ohio----.

       {¶ 6} On August 18, 2009, the Eastern Local School District terminated appellant,

George L. Mathews, from employment as a school bus driver. Appellant subsequently sought

the legal services of cross-appellant Attorney Green. On October 16, 2009, appellant signed a

fee contract with cross-appellant wherein appellant agreed to pay cross-appellant a $5,000.00

retainer fee plus forty percent (40%) “of any settlement in this matter.”

       {¶ 7} On May 11, 2010, appellant filed a complaint against the appellees, Eastern Local

School District, its individual board members, the superintendent, the transportation director, and

the parents of children who allegedly made false statements concerning his conduct as school bus

driver. The complaint alleged various causes of action. On December 22, 2010, appellees filed

a motion for summary judgment, which was subsequently granted. Shortly thereafter, the parties
Pike App. No. 12CA832                                                                            3


reached an agreement to mediate the matters with a private mediator. By agreement of the

parties, the trial court’s order granting summary judgment in favor of appellees was later

vacated.

        {¶ 8} The parties began mediation in January 2011. Cross-appellant Attorney Green

represented the appellant and Attorneys Ryan LaFlamme and Bronston McCord represented the

appellees. Upon entering mediation, cross-appellant agreed to reduce his fee to forty thousand

dollars ($40,000.00) if the case was settled. The transcript of an April 14, 2011 status conference

reveals that the parties were “close” to an agreement.

       {¶ 9} After the April 2011 status conference, the parties participated in two different

settlement conferences in June 2011 and August 2011. No written agreement was executed after

either of the settlement conferences. At the June settlement conference, a proposed agreement

was signed by the appellant; but the appellees did not sign the agreement. The proposed

settlement agreement outlined provisions involving a lump sum settlement of $150,000.00,

payment towards retirement, withdrawal of the employment discharge, and appellant’s voluntary

retirement. This written instrument was marked and has been referenced thereafter as “Exhibit

B.” Appellees rejected the proposed settlement agreement because the retirement contributions

were based upon a proposed salary of $45,000.00 per year for the period of May 12, 2009

through June 30, 2011. Appellees believed that the $45,000.00 figure was too high since

appellant had only received a salary of $35,298.60 for the 2007-2008 school year and $37,001.00

for the 2008-2009 school year.

       {¶ 10} Appellees contend that a settlement agreement was reached between the parties at

the August 2011 settlement conference. However, the parties did not memorialize the agreement

by signing a memorandum of agreement at the settlement conference. The parties did not read
Pike App. No. 12CA832                                                                             4


into the record the purported settlement agreement for the trial court to review and adopt as a

court order. All discussions were held entirely off the record; and neither party sought to

formally note or recite any the terms of the purported agreement before the trial court.

Nonetheless, cross-appellant entered the trial court’s chambers and shook Attorney LaFlamme’s

hand representing that an agreement had been made.

       {¶ 11} Cross-appellant then sent an email to Attorney McCord at 4:08 PM on August 23,

2011 stating:

       Bronston,

       In accordance with the terms worked out by Ryan [LaFlamme] and myself, please

       find attached a proposed Agreement that I believe will be signed by Mr. Mathews.

       I have included some simple language to acknowledge that this is a release of all

       claims of the parties through the date of execution. It is understood that Mr.

       Mathews may have a potential claim as work related injuries, but it is outside the

       ability of our parties to agree to claims against a state fund such as BWC.

       Please advise as soon as possible. I believe we need to move fast while Mr.

       Mathews is in agreement.

       Thanks again for yours and Ryan’s help in resolving this matter.

       Best Regards,

       Harrison

The settlement agreement contained a provision regarding retirement contributions and the

additional language referenced in cross-appellant's email. This proposed settlement agreement

was marked and has been referenced as “Exhibit A.”
Pike App. No. 12CA832                                                                         5


       {¶ 12} The important differences between the two proposed agreements are as follows.

Exhibit B stated:

        WHEREAS, Mr. Mathews and the Defendants now desire to reach a complete

       and final settlement of any and all differences that exist or that may exist between

       them; and***

        &

        4.     In exchange for Mr. Mathews’ agreement and compliance with all the

       terms herein and his execution for this Settlement Agreement and General

       Release, the District shall pay to the Ohio Public Employees Retirement System

       the amount of compensation for credit to Mr. Mathews’ account for the period of

       May 12, 2009 through June 30, 2011 that is the District’s contribution and Mr.

       Mathews’ contribution based upon the proposed earnings of $45,000 per annum

       for Mr. Mathews during this period.

The corresponding sections of Exhibit A stated:

       WHEREAS, Mr. Mathews and the Defendants now desire to reach a complete

       and final settlement of any and all difference that exist or that may exist between

       them as to claims; and***(Emphasis Added)

       &

       4       In exchange for Mr. Mathews’ agreement and compliance with all the

       terms herein and his execution of this Settlement Agreement and General Release

       of all claims between the parties through the date of execution of this Agreement,

       the District shall pay to the Ohio Public Employees Retirement System the

       amount of compensation for credit to Mr. Mathews’ account for the period of
Pike App. No. 12CA832                                                                               6


       May 12, 2009 through June 30, 2011 that is the District contribution and Mr.

       Mathews’ contribution based upon the earning for the academic year 2009-2010

       of $38,851.10 and for the academic year 2010-2011 of $40,793.60 for Mr.

       Mathews during this period.

As noted, the differences are the inclusion of the words “as to claims” in the first section and the

different salary basis for retirement contribution in term number 4 in Exhibit A.

       {¶ 13} Appellant refused to sign Exhibit A claiming he did not want to end his level four

(4) arbitration grievance procedure. He furthered testified that cross-appellant did not have his

authority to enter the judge’s chambers and settle the case. On September 21, 2011, cross-

appellant sent appellant an email stating:

       You have informed this office ***that you will execute the attached Settlement

       Agreement and Release.

       ***As of this morning, Wednesday, September 21, 2011, this office is not in

       receipt of the agreement in any form. This continuing conduct of stating that you

       are signing the agreement and forwarding the same has created a breach of

       confidence and agreement between this office and you. As a part of assisting you

       in making this settlement, this office has offered to reduce its contracted fee

       agreement from 40% of all monies received to a flat fee of $40,000, a savings to

       you of approximately $28,000; this offer was made to you in January 2011. Over

       the last eight mouths, I have continued to offer this reduction based upon your

       acceptance of the agreement and execution. Your delays have caused

       considerable additional time and expense in an effort to achieve this arrangement.
Pike App. No. 12CA832                                                                                 7


        If an executed facsimile is not received by office at 4:00PM, today, September 21,

        2011, the offer of the reduction of fees is forever withdrawn.

        {¶ 14} Appellant subsequently sought new counsel to represent him. On September 26,

2011, appellant sent cross-appellant a dismissal notice, terminating him as his legal counsel.

Appellees filed a motion to enforce the settlement agreement of the August 2011 conference; and

cross-appellant filed a motion for a judgment lien against the settlement for attorney’s fees. An

evidentiary hearing on both motions was held on February 21, 2012.

        {¶ 15} Cross-appellant sought a judgment lien based on the settlement agreement

provisions of "Exhibit A." The settlement amount in "Exhibit A" was a $150,000.00 lump sum

payment and $19,911.17 in retirement contributions. Cross-appellant’s motion requested a lien

in the amount of $62,964.47which was forty percent (40%) of the settlement amount, pursuant to

the original fee agreement with appellant.

        {¶ 16} The trial court ruled to enforce the settlement agreement and awarded a charging

lien to cross-appellant in the amount of $35,000.00. Appellant and cross-appellant timely filed

this appeal of the trial court’s decision.

                                             II. ANALYSIS

        {¶ 17} Appellant argues that the trial court erred in granting a judgment lien in favor of

Attorney Green because he did not agree to the settlement offer. Cross-appellant contends that

the trial court erred in the amount of the judgment lien. It is cross-appellant’s position that the

reduced fee agreement was based upon the condition precedent that appellant enter into an

executed agreement of settlement. Furthermore, he argues that there is no evidence in the record

that appellant understood the $40,000.00 net fee was to be reduced by the retainer of $5,000.00

or that appellant relied upon the reduced fee to reach a settlement.
Pike App. No. 12CA832                                                                                8


                                       A. Standard of Review

       {¶ 18} The determination of the amount of a charging lien is a question of fact. Thus,

we will review the trial court’s ruling under an abuse of discretion standard. Gilbert v. Crosby,

4th Dist. Pickaway No. 00CA020, 2001 WL 243392, (Jan. 22, 2001) citing Roberts v. U.S. fid. &

Guar. Co., 75 Ohio St.3d 630, 634, 665 N.E.2d 664 (1996). In factual determinations, an

appellate court should not substitute its judgment for that of a trial court, which is in a better

position to observe the witnesses, view their demeanor, and use these observations to weigh the

credibility of witness testimony. Snyder v. Waldron, 4th Dist. Athens No. 12CA9, 2013-Ohio-

3416, ¶ 22 citing Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland, 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 80, 461 N.E.2d 1273 (1984);

Cincinnati Insurance Co. v. Evans, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-09-012, 2010-Ohio-2622, ¶ 45.

       {¶ 19} We will evaluate the parties’ arguments in accordance with our ruling in Mathews

v. Eastern Local Board of Education et al., 4th Dist. No. 12CA831, 2013-Ohio----, in which we

decided that the proposed settlement agreement should be enforced.

       {¶ 20} A charging lien in favor of an attorney is a lien upon judgment or other proceeds

awarded to a client or former client. The standard most consistently cited in Ohio in determining

the appropriateness of a charging lien remains that which was set forth in the syllabus of Cohen

v. Goldberger, 109 Ohio St. 22, 141 N.E. 656 (1923): “The right of an attorney to payment of

fees earned in the prosecution of litigation to judgment, though usually denominated a lien, rests

on the equity of such attorney to be paid out of the judgment by him obtained, and is upheld on

the theory that his services and skill created the fund.” First Bank of Marietta v. Roslovic &

Partners, Inc. 10th Dist. Nos. 03AP-332 & 03AP-333, 2004-Ohio-2717, ¶ 41.

       {¶ 21} Courts have strictly applied the requisites spelled out in the syllabus of Cohen,

noting that this interpretation is preferable to a “but for” test, which would allow even minimal
Pike App. No. 12CA832                                                                                 9


or remote contribution to justify a charging lien. Cuyahoga County Board of Commissioners v.

Maloof Properties, Ltd. et al., 8th Dist. No. 96816, 2012-Ohio-470, ¶ 16 citing Petty v. Kroger

Food & Pharmacy, 165 Ohio App.3d 16, 2005-Ohio-6641, 844 N.E.2d 869 (10th Dist.). These

charging liens are generally superior to the claims of the client’s other creditors. Cohen at

paragraph two of the syllabus. We also recognize that charging liens have been recognized as

having a “superpriority” that is superior even to federal tax liens. See Maloof Properties, Ltd. at

¶18; see also Reed & Steven v. HIP Health Plans of Florida, Inc., 81 F.Supp.2d 1335 (S.D.

Fla.1999).

       {¶ 22} We further note that a party’s former attorney is permitted to intervene in an

action in order to pursue a charging lien. See Fire Protection Resources, Inc. v. Johnson Fire

Protection Co., 72 Ohio App.3d 205, 594 N.E.2d 146 (6th Dist.1991); Kroger; Minor Child of

Zentack v. Strong, 83 Ohio App.3d 332, 334–335, 614 N.E.2d 1106 (8th Dist.1992). Even a law

firm has been permitted to assert a charging lien by motion. See Roslovic & Partners, 2004-

Ohio-2717 at ¶ 44.

       {¶ 23} In the related appeal, Mathews v. Eastern Pike Local School District Board of

Education et al., 4th Dist. No. 12CA831, 2013-Ohio----, we ruled that a settlement agreement

existed between appellant and appellees, affirming the trial court’s ruling. The argument made

by appellant here is based upon the premise that the settlement agreement should not be

enforced; and therefore no charging lien can exist. Because this Court has decided that the

settlement agreement should be enforced, we overrule appellant’s assignment of error.

        In January 2011, cross-appellant Attorney Green offered a reduced legal fee, apart from

the initial contingency fee agreement, if Mathews would enter into a settlement agreement with

the Board of Education. Cross-appellant argues that Mathews waived the benefit of the reduced
Pike App. No. 12CA832                                                                             10


fee when he failed to execute the agreement. Alternatively, Attorney Green states that Mathews

always understood the fee bargain to be flat fee of $40,000.00, not to be reduced by $5,000.00.

Since Mathews never signed an agreement, Attorney Green argues that the reduction should not

be enforced. Attorney Green calculates his attorney fees to be $62,964.47, as part of the

$252,411.17 settlement.

       The trial court did not agree with Green’s argument, finding that the settlement was

reached in part because of the reduced fee agreement. The trial court reduced the $40,000.00 fee

to $35,000.00, subtracting the initial retainer of $5,000.00. No evidence exists which

demonstrates that the trial court's judgment was an abuse of discretion.

       Attorney Green, both in this case and No. 12CA831 argued that a settlement agreement

had been reached after the settlement conference in August 2011. Here, however, he argues that

the appellant waived the reduced fee by not signing the agreement. We disagree with the cross-

appellant's argument. A fee reduction agreement occurred in order to settle the case; and this

Court has found that Exhibit A should be enforced as the settlement agreement. Therefore, the

trial court did not err when it granted a charging lien upon the settlement agreement in the

amount of $35,000.00.

                                       III. CONCLUSION

       Appellant Mathews’ and Cross-appellant Green’s assignments of error regarding the

charging lien are overruled. The judgment of the trial court granting a charging lien in the

amount of $35,000.00 is affirmed. Pursuant to our decision in Mathews v. Eastern Pike Local

School District Board of Education et al., 4th Dist. No. 12CA831, 2013-Ohio----, the charging

lien will be attached to the settlement agreement referenced as "Exhibit A."

                                                                       JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.
Pike App. No. 12CA832                                                                           11


                                     JUDGMENT ENTRY

       It is ordered that the JUDGMENT IS AFFIRMED. Appellant and Cross-appellant shall
equally divide the costs herein taxed.
       The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal and this cross-appeal.
       It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the Pike County
Court of Common Pleas to carry this judgment into execution.
       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Abele, J.: Concurs in Judgment and Opinion.
Harsha, J.: Concurs in Judgment Only.


                                                             For the Court


                                                             By:
                                                                   Marie Hoover, Judge


                                   NOTICE TO COUNSEL

       Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final judgment entry and the
time period for further appeal commences from the date of filing with the clerk.
