                                                                   FILED
 Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),
 this Memorandum Decision shall not be
 regarded as precedent or cited before
 any court except for the purpose of                            Mar 29 2012, 9:22 am
 establishing the defense of res judicata,
 collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.                          CLERK
                                                                     of the supreme court,
                                                                     court of appeals and
                                                                            tax court




ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                              ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

DEBORAH MARKISOHN                                    GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Marion County Public Defender Agency                 Attorney General of Indiana
Indianapolis, Indiana
                                                     MONIKA PREKOPA TALBOT
                                                     Deputy Attorney General
                                                     Indianapolis, Indiana


                               IN THE
                     COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

PAUL ROGERS,                                         )
                                                     )
       Appellant-Defendant,                          )
                                                     )
               vs.                                   )      No. 49A02-1108-CR-772
                                                     )
STATE OF INDIANA,                                    )
                                                     )
       Appellee-Plaintiff.                           )


                      APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT
                            The Honorable Carol J. Orbison, Judge
                         The Honorable Anne Flannelly, Commissioner
                             Cause No. 49G22-0910-FB-085849


                                           March 29, 2012

                 MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

VAIDIK, Judge
                                        Case Summary

       Paul Rogers appeals his conviction for Class B felony burglary. He contends that

the evidence is insufficient to show that he broke into the victim’s home. Because the

evidence shows that Rogers broke into the victim’s home, we affirm.

                               Facts and Procedural History

       On October 4, 2009, Ralph Evans finished work at approximately 11:30 p.m. and

returned to his home on the eastside of Indianapolis. Ralph lived in a duplex with his

fiancé, daughter, and grandson. The duplex had two doors, a front door and a back door.

Because Ralph’s stepson showed up at different times of the night and day, Ralph kept

the back door closed but unlocked. On this particular night, the front door was locked

and the back door was “shut but unlocked.” Tr. p. 42, 43.

       After checking on his daughter and grandson, Ralph took off his work pants and

put them on the side of his bed. Ralph did not remove his wallet or the money from his

pants. Ralph was almost asleep when he had an “eerie feeling” and heard noises. Id. at

19. Ralph just figured it was his grandson getting out of his crib. But when Ralph turned

over, he saw his pants “moving, like being pulled out of the room on the floor.” Id.

Ralph then saw a “big shadow” that was too big for his one-year-old grandson. Id.

Ralph screamed, “Hey, you MF,” at which point he saw his pants “just fly out” of the

bedroom.1 Id. at 22. Ralph “froze” for a moment then yelled “Hey, who is that?” Id.

Ralph then heard someone fall in the kitchen. Ralph exited his bed, at which point he

heard another fall on the stair landing. Ralph proceeded to the kitchen, at which point he

       1
          We note that the pants were black and not pale green. Dr. Seuss, The Sneetches and Other
Stories (1961).

                                                2
heard the screen door shut. Ralph waited a few seconds then went outside and saw a man

running along the side of his house. The individual was later identified as Rogers.

       Ralph caught up to Rogers and said “Drop my pants.” Id. at 28. Ralph then heard

a car start up and thought that someone was waiting to pick up Rogers. For safety

reasons, Ralph decided not to further pursue Rogers. Rogers then ran into an alley. After

going home to check on his family, Ralph went back outside “in hopes of getting [his]

pants.” Id. at 31. Although Ralph never found his pants, he found a small kitchen knife,

which did not come from his house, and his belt about “a house and a half down.” Id. at

31. Ralph went back to his house, where he found Rogers’ Indiana identification card on

the landing.

       Ralph called the police.    When Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department

Officer Ronald Sayles arrived, Ralph gave him a description of Rogers as well as Rogers’

identification card. Officer Sayles started patrolling the area for Rogers. Officer Sayles

went to Rogers’ home, but he was not there. Officer Sayles continued patrolling the area,

at which point he observed an individual fitting the description and whom he knew to be

Rogers. Rogers, who did not have Ralph’s pants, flagged down Officer Sayles because

he wanted to talk to the officer. Officer Sayles read Rogers his Miranda rights and then

asked for his identification. Rogers said that his identification card was in his sock, but

when Officer Sayles checked, it was not there. Later, Officer Jeremy Johnson took Ralph

to the scene to identify Rogers. Ralph, who recognized Rogers from the neighborhood,

identified him as the individual who ran from his house.




                                            3
        There were no signs of forced entry to Ralph’s house, and Ralph did not give

Rogers permission to enter his home or take his pants.

        The State charged Rogers with Class B felony burglary. A bench trial was held in

July 2011.2 The trial court instructed the jury on the lesser-included offense of theft. The

jury found Rogers guilty of burglary, and the trial court sentenced him to ten years.

        Rogers now appeals.

                                       Discussion and Decision

        Rogers contends that the evidence is insufficient to support his conviction. When

reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to support a conviction, we must consider only

the probative evidence and reasonable inferences supporting the verdict. Drane v. State,

867 N.E.2d 144, 146 (Ind. 2007). We do not assess witness credibility or reweigh the

evidence. Id. When confronted with conflicting evidence, we consider it most favorably

to the trial court’s ruling. Id. We affirm the conviction unless “no reasonable fact-finder

could find the elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id. (quotation

omitted). It is not necessary that the evidence overcome every reasonable hypothesis of

innocence. Id. at 147. The evidence is sufficient if an inference may reasonably be

drawn from it to support the verdict. Id.

        In order to convict Rogers of Class B felony burglary as charged here, the State

had to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Rogers broke and entered Ralph’s home

with intent to commit theft inside. Ind. Code § 35-43-2-1; Appellant’s App. p. 34.


        2
           This was not Rogers’ first trial for this offense. Rogers’ first conviction was reversed because
the trial court failed to instruct the jury on the lesser-included offense of theft, and the case was remanded
for a new trial. Rogers v. State, Cause No. 49A02-1005-CR-585 (Ind. Ct. App. Feb. 7, 2011), trans.
denied. This conviction results from Rogers’ retrial.
                                                      4
Rogers does not refute that he stole Ralph’s pants and as a result committed theft; rather,

he contends that the State failed to prove that he broke into Ralph’s home.

       It is well settled that the “breaking” element of burglary may be established by

evidence showing even the slightest use of force to gain unauthorized entry. Davis v.

State, 743 N.E.2d 751, 753 (Ind. 2001) (citing Trice v. State, 490 N.E.2d 757 (Ind.

1986)). This includes opening an unlocked door or pushing a door that is slightly ajar.

Id. Despite Rogers’ argument that he “merely entered an open door,” Appellant’s Br. p.

6, the evidence clearly shows that Ralph’s front door was locked and his back door was

“shut, but unlocked.” Although Rogers speculates that the door was open when he

entered, the evidence clearly shows that the door was shut. Because the evidence shows

that Rogers broke into Ralph’s home, we affirm Rogers’ conviction for Class B felony

burglary.

       Affirmed.

CRONE, J., and BRADFORD, J., concur.




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