             TENNESSEE BUREAU OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION
            IN THE COURT OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION CLAIMS
                             AT NASHVILLE

Anthony Amofa,                                       )   Docket No.: 2016-06-0773
          Employee,                                  )
v.                                                   )   State File No.: 10081-2016
Yates Services,                                      )
             Employer,                               )   Judge Kenneth M. Switzer
And                                                  )
Traveler's Insurance Company,                        )
             Carrier.                                )

       EXPEDITED HEARING ORDER GRANTING MEDICAL BENEFITS


       This case came before the undersigned Workers' Compensation Judge on
December 19, 2016, on the Request for Expedited Hearing filed by Anthony Amofa
pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-239 (2016). The present focus of
this case is the compensability of Mr. Amofa's claim and his entitlem nt to medical
benefits. 1 For the reasons set forth below, the Court holds be appears likely to prevail at
a hearing on the merits in proving that he sustained an injury as defined within the
Workers' Compensation Law and is therefore entitled to the requested medical benefits.

                                          History of Claim

        Mr. Amofa is a fifty-year-old resident of Davidson County, Tennessee. He works
at Yates, a staffing agency for Nissan, as an associate in manufacturing services. He
testified that, on January 2, 2016, while working on the assembly line, he "started having
problems lifting the screwing machine to work." (Ex. 1 at 1.) He began falling behind
and stopped the line twice. !d. Eventually the "lead" adjusted the machine, and
afterward Mr. Amofa was able to operate it comfortably. !d. at 2. Approximately three
hours later, Mr. Amofa began to experience pain in his waist. !d. Mr. Amofa clarified at

1
  The Petition for Benefit Determination states that Mr. Amofa seeks only medical benefits, while the
Dispute Certification Notice lists his entitlement to medical and temporary disability benefits as disputed
issues. However, the parties offered no argument regarding Mr. Amofa's entitlement to temporary
disability benefits at the Expedited Hearing. Therefore, the Court considers the request waived at this
time.

                                                    1
the Expedited Hearing that, by the term "waistline pain," he meant the pain radiated
across the front and back of his body. Mr. Amofa wrote a similar description of how he
became injured in an "Employee/Manager Medical Statement" dated February 8. (Ex.
11.) Yates introduced no evidence to contradict Mr. Amofa's testimony regarding the
mechanism ofinjury. 2

       Over the next few days, the pain worsened and began radiating down to Mr.
Amofa's thighs. /d. at 2. On January 26, he reported the injury to his supervisor, Sheila
Geesling, who accompanied him to the Yates Safety Office. Staff there recommended
Mr. Amofa see his personal physician. Despite his report of injury, Yates failed to file a
First Report of Injury at that time.

       Later that same day, Mr. Amofa saw Dr. John Adewumi, his personal physician.
Progress Notes indicate he gave a history of back pain for one to two months and the
mechanism of injury was "lifting at work." (Ex. 9 at 22.) Dr. Adewumi assessed low
back pain and lower abdominal pain, noting, "symptoms and exams are most consistent
of a benign musculoskeletal back injury." !d. at 25. He ordered x-rays and prescribed
pain medications, including Hydrocodone and Metaxalone. (Ex. 1 at 3; Ex. 9 at 26; Ex.
10.) Mr. Amofa co-paid $30 for these medications. 3 (Ex. 10.) Dr. Adewumi
additionally referred him to physical therapy. (Ex. 9 at 25.)

       Mr. Amofa continued to work, and his symptoms gradually worsened. On
February 8, Mr. Amofa again spoke with Ms. Geesling about the injury. The supervisor
accompanied him to Premise Health, the onsite clinic for Nissan and Yates. Upon arrival
at Premise Health, Mr. Amofa completed the Employee/Manager Medical Statement
describing the January 2 incident. (Ex. 11.) He additionally signed a Choice of
Physician form selecting Premise Health. (Ex. 3.) He explained they gave him the
document and told him, "Your first time this is a form you have to sign." Yates
completed a First Report of Injury form on that date, noting that Mr. Amofa saw his
personal physician for "back pain" and that he felt "discomfort in his back and waist
area." (Ex. 2.)

       Once in the Premise Health exam room, Dr. Robert Tessler, a "fill-in doctor,"
questioned him about his diet, according to Mr. Amofa. (Ex. 1 at 4.) A one-page note
documents the encounter. (Ex. 9 at 50.) Dr. Tessler assessed Mr. Amofa with,
"[a]bdominal pain likely secondary to constipation and not primarily work related," and,
"Will review records and x-ray once obtained but doubtful will support a work related

2
 The insurance adjuster wrote in the causation letter to Dr. Adewumi, the unauthorized physician, that,
"Mr. Amofa is alleging a lower back injury on l/2/l6 that he stated [he] was not able to twist due to pain.
He didn't note a specific incident that caused the pain." (Ex. ?)(Emphasis added). The Court finds the
adjuster's assertion that Mr. Amofa did not identify an injury-causing incident is incorrect.
3
    Mr. Amofa refilled the Hydrocodone prescription on March 30.

                                                    2
diagnosis." Dr. Tessler returned Mr. Amofa to regular duty. !d.

       Mr. Amofa testified he returned to Premise some time later and saw Dr. Gilbert
Woodall. There are no notes documenting the visit. According to Mr. Amofa, Dr.
Woodall told him the injury was not work-related. Mr. Amofa questioned how he
reached that conclusion, given that Dr. Woodall had not seen the x-rays. Dr. Woodall's
response, per Mr. Amofa, was that whether or not he saw the x-rays, "I know how to treat
a case." Dr. Woodall left the room at that point. Yates offered no evidence to contradict
Mr. Amofa's account of this conversation.

       At a visit to Premise on February 26, Mr. Amofa told N.P. Candace Humes he was
returning "For follow up on lumbar pain claim." !d. at 52. She assessed him with "Low
back pain-due to EE continuously seeking treatment from his PCP 4" and recommended
making this claim "NOT PRIMARILY WORK RELATED." (Emphasis in original.) NP
Humes returned him to work with restrictions.

        The insurance adjuster subsequently sent a letter to Premise. !d. at 55.
Specifically, the adjuster asked, "Please provide your expert medical opinion, to a
reasonable degree of medical certainty, as to whether Mr. Amofa's diagnosis and the
need for treatment arises primarily out of and in the course and scope of employment
with Yates." "No" is circled in the February 29, 2016 response. The letter is not
addressed to any provider in particular, and it bears an illegible signature. In the margin
next to the signature are the printed words, "Dr. Woodall." The Premise Health records
contain no treatment notes documenting Dr. Woodall's examination of Mr. Amofa, nor
are there any indications he reviewed his colleagues' treatment notes. Based on this
letter, Yates denied Mr. Amofa's claim on March 3. (Exs. 4, 5.)

       Several days after the denial, Mr. Amofa saw Dr. Terri Walker at Premise for the
same back issues. (Ex. 9 at 54.) Dr. Walker's notes state, "Low back pain more likely
from spondylosis and DDD as diagnosed by PCP." !d. The notes additionally confirmed
that Mr. Amofa told her his claim was denied. Dr. Walker adopted the restrictions placed
by Dr. Adewumi.

       Meanwhile, Mr. Amofa continued treating with Dr. Adewumi. On February 25,
he reported his back pain worsening. !d. at 18. Dr. Adewumi reviewed the x-rays and
noted "mild multi-level spondylosis most advanced at L4-L5." !d. at 20. Dr. Adewumi
noted the "plan: Explained that symptoms and exam are most consistent exacerbation of
lumber [sic] spondylosis due to repetitive activity such as lifting and bending." !d. He
diagnosed lumbago, recurrent; spondylosis without myelopathy or radiculopathy, lumbar
region; exacerbated, and again referred Mr. Amofa to physical therapy. !d. Mr. Amofa

4
  The Court cannot understand this reference, which appears to convey that Mr. Amofa's injury was the
result of continuous treatment with his personal physician.

                                                 3
participated in physical therapy from March 11-28, per a statement totaling $467.84.
(Ex. 10.) He introduced into evidence only notes from the initial physical therapy
evaluation (Ex. 9 at 47-48) but testified that physical therapy improved his condition.

        The medical records suggest that Dr. Adewumi might have referred Mr. Amofa to
an orthopedist at some point. !d. at 41. While there are no treatment records from an
orthopedist, it appears Mr. Amofa saw Dr. Jason Haslam because Dr. Adewumi's records
contain a May 31 MRI report listing Dr. Haslam as the referring physician. !d. at 49.
That report contains a "history" that reads, "low back pain down both thighs since lifting
strain in January 2016." !d.

        Mr. Amofa returned to Dr. Adewumi on March 29, May 3 and June 6. At these
visits, Dr. Adewumi diagnosed low back pain and kept him on restricted duty. Dr.
Adewumi additionally responded to a causation letter from the insurance adjuster on
December 9, 2016. (Ex. 7.) It asked, "Based on your review and evaluation, can you
state with a reasonable degree of medical certainty that Mr. Amofa has sustained a work
related injury that arose primarily out of and in the course and scope of employment at
Yates?" He responded, "Yes," and wrote the "work-related diagnosis" as "low back pain
& muscle spasm." !d.

        Mr. Amofa testified that he took FMLA leave until returning to work at Yates but
still experiences back pain after sitting for extended periods of time.

       Mr. Amofa filed a Petition for Benefit Determination seeking medical benefits. At
the Expedited Hearing, Mr. Amofa asserted the January 2 work incident aggravated the
degenerative disc disease in his back and that the Premise Health providers reached an
incorrect conclusion regarding causation. Yates countered that Mr. Amofa complained
only of "waistline pain," which providers at Premise opined is non-work-related, and the
Premise Health causation opinion is correct. Therefore, the denial was proper and Mr.
Amofa is entitled to no additional benefits.

                       Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law

       In order to grant or deny the relief Mr. Amofa seeks, the Court must apply the
following general legal principles. Mr. Amofa, as the employee, bears the burden of
proof on all prima facie elements of his workers' compensation claim. Tenn. Code Ann.
§ 50-6-239(c)(6) (2016); see also Buchanan v. Car/ex Glass Co., No. 2015-01-0012,
2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 39, at *5 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. App. Bd. Sept.
29, 2015). At an expedited hearing, Mr. Amofa has the burden to come forward with
sufficient evidence from which this Court can determine he is likely to prevail at a
hearing on the merits. McCord v. Advantage Human Resourcing, No. 2014-06-0063,
2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 6, at *7-8, 9 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. App. Bd.
Mar. 27, 2015).

                                            4
       The specific issue is whether Mr. Amofa suffered an injury as defined under the
Workers' Compensation Law. The law defines an injury as "accidental" only if it is
caused by a specific incident arising primarily out of and in the course and scope of
employment. It excludes the aggravation of a preexisting condition "unless it can be
shown to a reasonable degree of medical certainty that the aggravation arose primarily
out of and in the course and scope of employment." Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-102(14)(A)
(2016). "Shown to a reasonable degree of medical certainty" means that, in the opinion of
the physician, it is more likely than not considering all causes, as opposed to "speculation
or possibility." Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-102(14)(D) (2016). Also, the opinion of the
authorized treating physician selected by the employee from a panel "shall be presumed
correct on the issue of causation but this presumption shall be rebuttable by a
preponderance ofthe evidence." Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-102(14)(E) (2016).

        Here, Yates challenged Mr. Amofa's account of the mechanism of injury, noting
that the lead adjusted the machinery Mr. Amofa operated on January 2 so that it became
comfortable for him to resume using it. Yates, however, introduced no evidence to
contravene Mr. Amofa's credible testimony regarding the pain he experienced as a result
of operating the equipment. The fact that Yates altered the setting on the machinery to
make it easier to use has no bearing on whether it already had caused Mr. Amofa pain
and injury.

       Yates additionally argued that Mr. Amofa only complained of waistline pain and
never stated, "I hurt my back." These assertions are undermined by both the First Report
of Injury form and the Premise records where NP Humes noted he was "here for follow
up on lumbar pain claim."

       It is undisputed that Yates provided a panel and Mr. Amofa chose Premise as the
authorized treating physician, but only after arriving at Premise, not before, and under the
apparent belief he would not obtain treatment unless he signed. Frankly, the Court is
unsettled about this scenario. Nevertheless, under the Workers' Compensation Law, this
selection results in a presumption that Premise Health providers' opinions on causation
are correct but rebuttable by a preponderance of the evidence. Dr. Woodall apparently
opined in a causation letter that Mr. Amofa's injury is not work-related; Dr. Adewumi
reached the opposite conclusion. 5

       In resolving such a conflict between medical opinions, a trial court generally has
the discretion to choose which expert to accredit. Kellerman v. Food Lion, Inc., 929
S.W.2d 333, 335 (Tenn. 1996); Johnson v. Midwesco, Inc., 801 S.W.2d 804, 806 (Tenn.

5
  In finding that Dr. Woodall opined the injury is not work-related, the Court notes the letter does not
indicate to whom it was sent and the signature is illegible, yet it affords Premise Health and Yates the
benefit of the doubt and accepts that the letter is what it purports to be.
                                                   5
1990). In evaluating conflicting expert testimony, a trial court may consider, among other
things, "the qualifications of the experts, the circumstances of their examination, the
information available to them, and the evaluation of the importance of that information
through other experts." Brees v. Escape Day Spa & Salon, No. 2014-06-0072, 2015 TN
Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 5, at *14 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. App. Bd. Mar. 12, 2015),
citing Orman v. Williams Sonoma, Inc., 803 S.W.2d 672, 676 (Tenn. 1991).

       Applying these legal principles to the facts of this case, the Court observes that
neither party submitted qualifications of either physician except to acknowledge that they
are medical doctors. As for the circumstances of the examinations, the medical records
document that three different providers from Premise-Dr. Tessler, N.P. Humes and Dr.
Walker-actually examined Mr. Amofa. The Court disregards N.P. Humes' opinion
because she is not qualified to assess causation. See Dorsey v. Amazon.com, No. 2015-
01-0017,2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 13, at *10 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. App.
Bd. May 14, 20 15) ("The opinion of the nurse practitioner . . . did not and could not
provide a valid basis for denial of the claim based on causation." (Citations omitted.)).

        The Court finds Dr. Tessler did not render an opinion on causation, but rather
engaged in speculation contrary to section 50-6-102(14)(D) when he noted he would
"review the records and x-rays but doubtful will support a work-related diagnosis."
There are no records suggesting he performed a record review or read the x-rays to make
a final determination. As for Dr. Walker, her note dated March 11-seven days after
Yates denied the claim and eleven days after Dr. Woodall's purported non-work-related
finding- contains a history outlining Dr. Adewumi's treatment. She performed an
examination but it is unclear whether she reached a conclusion as to the cause of his
injury; yet she affirmed the work restrictions from Dr. Adewumi.

       Assuming it is indeed his signature on the causation letter, Dr. Woodall appears to
have rendered an opinion on causation. However, there is no evidence that Dr. Woodall
reviewed his colleagues' notes or any other records of his treatment, and he formulated
his opinion very early in the treatment process. Although entitled to a presumption of
correctness, the Court places little weight upon the causation opinion he gave in the
causation letter.

        In contrast, Dr. Adewumi appears to have performed complete examinations on at
least five occasions over the course of approximately five months. It seems reasonable
that the physicians having greater contact with the Plaintiff would have the advantage and
opportunity to provide a more in-depth opinion, if not a more accurate one. Orman, at
677. Dr. Adewumi additionally ordered and evaluated the x-rays and presumably
reviewed the MRI report. Further, as Mr. Amofa's primary care physician, he possessed
greater familiarity with Mr. Amofa's history and had more information available to him
when he rendered an opinion. In sum, the Court holds that Dr. Adewumi's opinion on
causation rebutted by a preponderance of the evidence the presumption of correctness to

                                            6
the Premise Health opinion, which, as outlined above, has many deficiencies. Therefore,
as a matter of law, Mr. Amofa has come forward with sufficient evidence from which this
Court concludes he is likely to prevail at a hearing on the merits regarding the
compensability of his claim.

       Having so found, the Court next considers Mr. Amofa's entitlement to medical
benefits. Mr. Amofa credibly testified that, although Dr. Adewumi returned him to work,
he continues experiencing back pain. There is no indication Dr. Adewumi or Dr. Haslam
placed him at maximum medical improvement or assessed an impairment rating. The
Court holds that, under Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-204(a)(1)(A) (2016),
Yates must provide him with past and continuing reasonable and necessary medical
treatment related to the injury. Given Dr. Adewumi's familiarity with the injury, it is
appropriate that he continue providing treatment, and the Court appoints him as the
authorized treating physician, subject to any referrals for specialty care he might make.

       Finally, with regard to sums Mr. Amofa paid for past medical care, the Appeals
Board held, "In circumstances where an employer refuses to provide medical treatment
and/or denies the employee's claim, such employer bears the risk of being held
responsible for medical expense incurred by the employee in the event the claim is
deemed compensable." Young v. Young Electric, No. 2015-06-0860, 2016 TN Wrk.
Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 24, at *16 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. App. Bd. May 25, 2016).
Here, Mr. Amofa testified that, prior to the denial, Yates directed him to treat with his
primary care physician. However, he introduced proof of only the co-pay sums for
prescriptions and physical therapy prescribed by Dr. Adewumi relative to the work-
related injury. The Court finds these amounts reasonable and necessary and holds that
Yates is responsible for their prompt payment, but cannot order payment for any
additional past medical care at this time because Mr. Amofa did not satisfy his burden of
proving the amounts he paid for this care.

IT IS, THEREFORE, ORDERED as follows:

   1. Yates or its workers' compensation carrier shall provide Mr. Amofa with medical
      treatment as required by Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-204 (2016) with
      Dr. Adewumi or any specialty providers to whom he might refer Mr. Amofa.
      Medical bills shall be furnished to Yates or its workers' compensation carrier by
      Mr. Amofa or the medical providers.

   2. Yates shall promptly pay and/or reimburse Mr. Amofa $30.00 for the co-pays for
      his prescription medicines as well as the co-pays to Results Physiotherapy in the
      amount of$467.84.

   3. This matter is set for a Scheduling Hearing on March 6, 2017, at 9:15 a.m. You
      must call 615-532-9552 or toll-free at 866-943-0025 to participate in the Hearing.

                                           7
      You must call in on the scheduled date/time to participate. Failure to call in may
      result in a determination of the issues without your further participation.

   4. Unless interlocutory appeal of the Expedited Hearing Order is filed, compliance
      with this Order must occur no later than seven business days from the date of entry
      of this Order as required by Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-239(d)(3)
      (2016). The Insurer or Self-Insured Employer must submit confirmation of
      compliance      with    this     Order    to   the    Bureau     by    email     to
      WCCompliance.Program@tn.gov no later than the seventh business day after
      entry of this Order. Failure to submit the necessary confirmation within the period
      of compliance may result in a penalty assessment for non-compliance. For
      questions regarding compliance, please contact the Workers' Compensation
      Compliance Unit via email WCCompliance.Program@Ln.gov or by calling (615)
      253-1471 or (615) 532-1309.

ENTERED this the 21st day of December, 2016.




Right to Appeal:

       Tennessee Law allows any party who disagrees with this Expedited Hearing Order
to appeal the decision to the Workers' Compensation Appeals Board. To file a Notice of
Appeal, you must:

   1. Complete the enclosed form entitled: "Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal."

   2. File the completed form with the Court Clerk within seven business days of the
      date the Workers' Compensation Judge entered the Expedited Hearing Order.

   3. Serve a copy of the Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal upon the opposing party.

   4. The appealing party is responsible for payment of a filing fee in the amount of
      $75.00. Within ten calendar days after the filing of a notice of appeal, payment
      must be received by check, money order, or credit card payment. Payments can be
      made in person at any Bureau office or by United States mail, hand-delivery, or
      other delivery service. In the alternative, the appealing party may file an Affidavit
      of Indigency, on a form prescribed by the Bureau, seeking a waiver of the filing
      fee. The Affidavit of Indigency may be filed contemporaneously with the Notice
      of Appeal or must be filed within ten calendar days thereafter. The Appeals Board

                                            8
   will consider the Affidavit of Indigency and issue an Order granting or denying
   the request for a waiver of the filing fee as soon thereafter as is
   practicable. Failure to timely pay the filing fee or file the Affidavit of
   Indigency in accordance with this section shall result in dismissal of the
   appeal.

5. The parties, having the responsibility of ensuring a complete record on appeal,
   may request, from the Court Clerk, the audio recording of the hearing for the
   purpose of having a transcript prepared by a licensed court reporter and filing it
   with the Court Clerk within ten calendar days of the filing of the Expedited
   Hearing Notice of Appeal. Alternatively, the parties may file a joint statement of
   the evidence within ten calendar days of the filing of the Expedited Hearing
   Notice of Appeal. The statement of the evidence must convey a complete and
   accurate account of what transpired in the Court of Workers' Compensation
   Claims and must be approved by the workers' compensation judge before the
   record is submitted to the Clerk of the Appeals Board.

6. If the appellant elects to file a position statement in support of the interlocutory
   appeal, the appellant shall file such position statement with the Court Clerk within
   five business days of the expiration of the time to file a transcript or statement of
   the evidence, specifying the issues presented for review and including any
   argument in support thereof. A party opposing the appeal shall file a response, if
   any, with the Court Clerk within five business days of the filing ofthe appellant's
   position statement. All position statements pertaining to an appeal of an
   interlocutory order should include: (1) a statement summarizing the facts of the
   case from the evidence admitted during the expedited hearing; (2) a statement
   summarizing the disposition of the case as a result of the expedited hearing; (3) a
   statement of the issue(s) presented for review; and (4) an argument, citing
   appropriate statutes, case law, or other authority.




                                         9
                                            APPENDIX

Exhibits:
   1. Affidavit of Anthony Amofa, October 31, 20 16
   2. First Report oflnjury, February 8, 2016
   3. Choice of Physician Form, February 8, 20 16
   4. Notice ofDenial, March 3, 2016
   5. Denial letter from carrier to Mr. Amofa, March 3, 2016
   6. Wage statement
   7. Causation letter, December 9, 2016 6
   9. Medical records of Anthony Amofa
   10. Medical bills
   1l.Employee/Manager Medical Statement, February 8, 2016

Technical record: 7
   1. Petition for Benefit Determination, May 3, 2016
   2. Dispute Certification Notice, June 27, 2016
   3. Request for Expedited Hearing, October 31, 2016
   4. Employer's Notice ofFiling, December 8, 2016




6
  Yates objected to the admissibility of Pre-marked Exhibit 8, a letter signed by Stephen Johnson, FNP-
BC, on the basis that Mr. Johnson is not qualified to render an opinion on causation. The Court sustained
the objection.
7
  The Court did not consider attachments to Technical Record filings unless admitted into evidence during
the Expedited Hearing. The Court considered factual statements in these filings or any attachments to
them as allegations unless established by the evidence.

                                                   10
                            CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

       I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the Expedited Hearing Order was
sent to the following recipients by the following methods of service on this the 21st day
ofDecember, 2016.

Name                         Certified   Via     Via    Service sent to:
                              Mail       Fax    Email
Anthony Amofa, self-            X                X      3209 Grace Crest Point
represented                                             Nashville TN 37217
                                                        ahamofa    mail.com
John Rucker, Employer's                           X     jrucker@ruckerlaw .com
attome




                                         Pen y Shrum, Cl rk of Court
                                         Court of Workers' Compensation Claims
                                         WC.CourtClerk@tn.gov




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