                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 15-1346
                             Filed October 14, 2015

IN THE INTEREST OF B.G. II and D.C.,
      Minor Children,

B.G., Father,
       Appellant,

A.G., Mother,
      Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

       Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Pottawattamie County, Charles D.

Fagen, District Associate Judge.



       A mother and father separately appeal the termination of their parental

rights. AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.



       Roberta Megel, Public Defender, Council Bluffs, for appellant-father.

       Michael Hooper, Council Bluffs, for appellant-mother.

       Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Kathrine S. Miller-Todd and Janet

Hoffman, Assistant Attorneys General, Matthew Wilber, County Attorney, and

Eric Strovers, Assistant County Attorney, for appellee.

       Phil Caniglia, Council Bluffs, attorney and guardian ad litem for minor

children.



       Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Vogel and Tabor, JJ.
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TABOR, Judge.

       A mother appeals the termination of her parental relationship with two

children, six-year-old B.G. and eight-year-old D.C. B.G.’s father also appeals the

termination of his parental rights.1 Both parents argue the State failed to prove

the grounds for termination by clear and convincing evidence and contend

termination is not in the children’s best interests.           The mother also asserts

termination is inappropriate due to the closeness of the parent-child relationship.

Because these children have been in foster care for nearly two years and their

parents have made little progress in obtaining stability in their own lives, we

affirm the juvenile court’s decision on both appeals.

       This family came to the attention of the Iowa Department of Human

Service (DHS) in 2011 when the father was found caring for the children while

under the influence of drugs; the mother was incarcerated in Florida at the time.

The children were removed from the home, which was “unsanitary and infested

with cockroaches.” In February 2012 both the mother and father tested positive

for methamphetamine during visitation with the children. The family completed

services related to these incidents in October 2012.

       This family again came to the attention of DHS in October 2013. Council

Bluffs police took the children into protective custody after an incident at their

home. While investigating a report of domestic violence by the father, police

found drug paraphernalia and unsanitary conditions in the residence.                    The



1
 The father is not D.C.’s biological or legal father. But he testified he was willing to take
custody of D.C. The juvenile court terminated the parental rights of D.C.’s possible
biological and legal fathers, but they are not parties to this appeal.
                                        3



parents denied any physical assaults, but reported the father had come home

from a night of drinking and threw items around the house. At the temporary

removal hearing in November 2013, the juvenile court ordered the parents to

undergo random drug screens, participate in services, and find suitable housing.

The parents were allowed visitation.

      On December 4, 2013, the court adjudicated B.G. and D.C. as children in

need of assistance (CINA) under Iowa Code section 232.2(6)(c)(2), (g), and (n)

(2013). The court allowed the children to be in the mother’s care as long as she

did not leave the Family Works program before successful completion.          The

mother left the program a day later and the court ordered the children again be

removed from her care.

      During these proceedings the parents have been offered services for

chemical dependency, domestic violence, and mental health treatment, as well

as supervised visitation. The mother and father have both been incarcerated at

various points during the CINA proceedings.      At the time of the termination

hearing, the mother was incarcerated awaiting trial and the father was living in a

homeless shelter. Both parents have failed to engage in the services ordered by

the court. The father has not shown up for a majority of his drug tests and has

not engaged in substance abuse treatment. The court terminated the parental

rights of both the father and the mother on July 31, 2015.          Both parents

separately appeal.

      We review de novo proceedings terminating parental rights. In re A.M.,

843 N.W.2d 100, 110 (Iowa 2014). We uphold an order terminating parental
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rights if there is clear and convincing evidence of grounds for termination. See In

re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 492 (Iowa 2000). Evidence is “clear and convincing”

when there are no “serious or substantial doubts as to the correctness [of]

conclusions of law drawn from the evidence.” Id.

      The juvenile court terminated the parental rights of the mother and father

under Iowa Code sections 232.116(1)(b), (e), (f), (i) and (l). When the juvenile

court terminates rights on more than one statutory ground, we may affirm the

order on any ground relied upon by the juvenile court and supported by the

record. In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 707 (Iowa 2010). We find the State proved

paragraph (f) by clear and convincing evidence as to both parents.

      To terminate parental rights under section 232.116(1)(f), the State must

show by clear and convincing evidence the children are four years of age or

older; have been adjudicated in need of assistance; have been removed from the

physical custody of the parents for at least twelve of the last eighteen months, or

the last twelve consecutive months; and there is clear and convincing evidence

at the present time the children could not be returned to the parents’ custody as

provided in section 232.102.

      Neither parent challenges the first three elements, but both parents argue

the State failed to prove the children could not be returned to their care. The

father argues B.G. could be returned to his care “once he got on his feet after his

most recent incarceration.”    Section 232.116(1)(f) uses the phrase, “at the

present time”, meaning the point of the termination hearing.       See A.M., 843

N.W.2d at 111. The father admits he was unable to take custody of the child at
                                           5



the time of the hearing because he was still staying at a homeless shelter and his

future living situation was uncertain. He had been homeless since November

2014. Given his long-term instability, we conclude the State proved the elements

of section (f) by clear and convincing evidence as to the father.

       Because she was incarcerated at the time of the hearing, the mother

contends the children could have been returned to the care of the father. She

advances a legal argument that section (f) only requires one parent to be ready

to resume care. Her argument fails for two reasons. First as we decided above,

the father is unable to take custody of the children. Second, the mother cannot

benefit on appeal from urging the rights of the father.         See In re D.G., 704

N.W.2d 454, 460 (Iowa Ct. App. 2005) (stating one parent cannot assert facts or

legal positions pertaining to the other parent as the court makes a separate

adjudication as to each parent); see also In re K.R., 737 N.W.2d 321, 323 (Iowa

Ct. App. 2007) (stating the father did not have standing to assert an argument on

the mother’s behalf “in an effort to ultimately gain a benefit for himself, that is, the

reversal of the termination of his parental rights”). At the time of the termination

hearing, the children could not be returned to the mother’s care because she was

in jail after having been arrested for several criminal charges in Iowa.2

       Having decided the State proved a statutory ground for termination, we

turn to the parents’ arguments that termination is not in the children’s best

interest under Iowa Code section 232.116(2). See In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 37

(Iowa 2010). In considering whether to terminate parental rights, Iowa courts


2
  The mother also admitted in her testimony that she faced an additional criminal charge
in Nebraska.
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must give primary consideration to the children’s safety, to the best placement for

furthering their long-term nurturing and growth, and to their physical, mental, and

emotional condition and needs. Iowa Code § 232.116(2).

      After reviewing the family’s history, we find it is in the children’s best

interest for termination to proceed. The children’s safety cannot be assured if

returned to the care of either parent. The children’s long-term nurturing and

growth cannot be furthered without some stability in their lives. The children had

been removed from their parents’ care for twenty-one months at the time of the

termination hearing.   After nearly two years and the provision of numerous

services, the parents were unable to progress to the point where they could

accommodate the return of the children.

      As the juvenile court observed, the “same problems that precipitated the

child’s removal from their parent’s care—untreated chemical dependency,

untreated mental health problems, lack of appropriate housing and employment,

minimal compliance, domestic violence, incarceration, and lack of verification or

commitment” still existed at the time of the termination hearing. Both parents had

been in and out of jail during the proceedings. Because of their incarcerations,

both parents missed many opportunities to visit their children.

      Neither parent followed up with substance abuse treatment or mental

health services. The father has not appeared for a majority of his drug tests. He

only enrolled in a batterer’s education program a few weeks before the

termination hearing. We have said it repeatedly in child welfare cases—children

should not be required to wait for their parents to become responsible adults.
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K.R., 737 N.W.2d at 324. The children’s best interests would be served by the

DHS finding them a pre-adoptive home following termination of parental rights.

       Finally, the mother argues the juvenile court should have determined

termination was inappropriate due to the closeness of the parent-child bond. See

Iowa Code § 232.116(3)(c).        The factors found in section 232.116(3) are

permissive, not mandatory, and the court may exercise discretion in determining

whether to apply them. A.M., 843 N.W.2d at 113. The court found “[t]he children

are bonded to their parents but there is no bond between these children and the

parents that would warrant the court allowing for more time to reunify.” We agree

with the juvenile court’s reasoning. While termination of their relationship with

the mother will undoubtedly be hard on the children in the short-term, the benefit

of long-term stability carries more weight in this case.

       AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.
