
NUMBER 13-00-131-CV
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI
___________________________________________________________________

IN THE INTEREST OF E. M., S. M., J. M., AND O. M. , CHILDREN
___________________________________________________________________

On appeal from the 107th District Court
of Cameron County, Texas.
__________________________________________________________________

O P I N I O N
Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Rodriguez and Cantu (1)
Opinion by Justice Rodriguez
Appellant, father of E.M., S.M., J.M., and O.M., appeals from the district court's (2) refusal to conduct a hearing de novo on
his appeal of an associate judge's order terminating his parental rights.  We affirm.
In January 2000, the Texas Department of Protective and Regulatory Services (TDPRS) initiated a proceeding to terminate
appellant's parental rights to his four children.  An associate judge was appointed to conduct the proceeding.  See Tex. Fam.
Code Ann. § 201.001(a) (Vernon Supp. 2001).  After hearing the case, the associate judge signed an order involuntarily
terminating appellant's rights.  The order contained, inter alia, the following findings:
7.1 The Court finds by clear and convincing evidence that termination of the parent-child relationship between [appellant
and O.M., E.M., S.M. and J.M.] is in the best interest of the children.


7.2 The Court finds by clear and convincing evidence that [appellant] has


7.2.1 engaged in conduct or knowingly placed the children with persons who engaged in conduct that endangers the
physical or emotional well-being of the children; [§ 161.001(1)(E), Tex. Fam. Code]


7.2.2 been convicted or has been placed on community supervision, including deferred adjudication community
supervision, for being criminally responsible for the death or serious injury of a child under the following sections of the
Penal Code or adjudicated under Title 3 for conduct that caused the death or serious injury of a child and that would
constitute a violation of one of the following sections:  [§ 161.001(1)(L), Tex. Fam. Code] § 22.021 (aggravated sexual assault).


Without specifying the findings and conclusions of the associate judge to which he objected, appellant timely filed a notice
of appeal with the referring court.  See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 201.015(a), (b) (Vernon Supp. 2001). Without a hearing,
the referring court signed the order approving and adopting the associate judge's recommendations.  Appellant subsequently
filed specific objections to the three findings identified above and requested a hearing de novo.  In response, TDPRS filed a
motion to deny the appeal. Following a hearing on TDPRS's motion, the referring court denied appellant's request for a
hearing de novo.
By a single issue appellant contends the referring court erred in refusing to conduct a de novo hearing on his appeal of the
associate judge's findings.  Appellant asserts it is not necessary that a notice of appeal specify the findings and conclusions
to which a party objects.  He claims it is only necessary to specify the objections at some point during the appeal.  We
disagree.
In Attorney General of Texas v. Orr, 989 S.W.2d 464, 467 (Tex. App.--Austin 1999, no pet.), the Attorney General filed a
written notice of appeal three days after the associate judge announced her recommended ruling.  See id.  In the notice of
appeal, the Attorney General specified the findings and conclusions to which he objected, and asked for a hearing before
the referring court.  See id. at 469.  TheOrr court noted that the Attorney General "complied with each statutory
requirement for obtaining a de novo hearing before the referring court."  Id. at 469; see Phagen v. Aleman, 29 S.W.3d 632,
634 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 2000, no pet.) (once notice of appeal filed, trial judge must conduct hearing de novo
addressing issues raised).
The Orr court directly commented on the issue of whether a party is required to specify the associate judge's findings and
conclusions to which the party objects in the notice of appeal.  The court first stated that,
[a]ny party may appeal the associate judge's report to the referring court by timely filing a notice of appeal specifying the
findings and conclusions to which the party objects.  A party who files a notice of appeal to the referring court in
compliance with the Family Code is entitled to a de novo hearing before that court.  


Orr, 989 S.W.2d at 467.  The court later stated that "the appeal to the referring court is limited to the findings and
conclusions specified in the notice of appeal."  Id. at 468 n.2.  Finally, the Orr court stated that,
[a] party may appeal an associate judge's report by filing a notice of appeal not later than the day after the date he receives
notice of the substance of the report.  A notice of appeal must be in writing specifying the associate judge's findings and
conclusions to which the party objects. . . .  [W]hen a notice of appeal is properly filed, the requirement that the referring
court hold a de novo hearing is mandatory [and the appellate court presumes] that the failure to hold such a hearing is
harmful.

Id. at 468-69 (internal citations omitted).
Furthermore, "[j]udicial review by trial de novo is not a traditional appeal, but a new and independent action characterized
by all the attributes of an original civil action."  Id. at 467 (citing Key W. Life Inc., Co. v. State Bd. of Ins., 350 S.W.2d 839,
846 (Tex. 1961); Godwin v. Aldine Indep. Sch. Dist., 961 S.W.2d 219, 221 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1997, pet.
denied)).  Because an appeal to the referring court is limited to the findings and conclusions specified in the notice of
appeal, filing a notice of appeal restarts the process only to the extent of the challenged findings.  Orr, 989 S.W.2d at 468
(citing Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 201.015(b)).  The effect of the appeal is to begin again only as to the issues appealed. See id.

It is apparent that the statute provides no other vehicle through which appellant may challenge the findings of the associate
judge and, thus, focus on the issues for the de novo hearing.  We conclude, therefore, to be entitled to a de novo hearing on
appeal of an associate judge's recommendations to the referring court, a party must timely file a written notice of appeal
containing the associate judge's findings and conclusions to which the party objects.  See id. at 467; see also Tex. Fam.
Code Ann. § 201.015(a), (b) (Vernon Supp. 2001).
Although appellant's notice of appeal was timely filed, it did not contain his objections to any specific findings or
conclusions.  Because appellant failed to comply with the requirements under section 201.015, we conclude he is not
entitled to a de novo hearing of his appeal of the associate judge's recommendation. (3)  Accordingly, the referring court did
not err by denying appellant's request for a de novo hearing.  Appellant's sole issue is overruled.
We affirm the referring court's denial of appellant's request for a de novo hearing of his appeal of the associate judge's
recommendation.        
NELDA V. RODRIGUEZ
Justice


Publish .
Tex. R. App. P. 47.3.


Opinion delivered and filed
this 23rd day of August, 2001.
1. Retired Justice Antonio Cantu assigned to this Court by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas pursuant to
Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 74.003 (Vernon 1998).
2. The district court referred this matter for hearing before an associate judge.  See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 201.001(a)
(Vernon Supp. 2001).  Therefore, the district court will be described as the referring court throughout this opinion.  
3. Appellant also asserts that Harrell v. Harrell, 986 S.W.2d 629 (Tex. App.--El Paso 1998, no writ), supports his position. 
However, the timeliness of the notice of appeal was at issue in Harrell, not the inclusion of specific objections to findings
and conclusions in the notice of appeal.  See id. at 630-31. Thus, Harrell provides no support for appellant's argument.
