                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MAY 16 2019
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

DONNA LOUISE PAYNE,                             No.    17-56829

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No.
                                                2:17-cv-00490-AB-MRW
 v.

UNITED STATES BUREAU OF                         MEMORANDUM*
RECLAMATION,

                Defendant-Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Central District of California
                   Andre Birotte, Jr., District Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted May 14, 2019**
                               Pasadena, California

Before: LIPEZ,*** WARDLAW, and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges.

      Donna Payne appeals the dismissal of this action seeking a vehicular easement

over land owned by the Bureau of Reclamation (“BOR”) for failure to state a claim


      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
              The Honorable Kermit V. Lipez, United States Circuit Judge for the
First Circuit, sitting by designation.
upon which relief can be granted. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and

affirm.

      1. The district court correctly held that the documents cited in the operative

complaint do not grant an easement. “The intent to grant an easement must be so

manifest on the face of the instrument that no other construction can be placed on

it.” Fitzgerald Living Tr. v. United States, 460 F.3d 1259, 1267 (9th Cir. 2006)

(internal alteration marks omitted) (quoting 25 Am. Jur. 2d Easements and Licenses

in Real Property § 15 (2004)).      The 2005 settlement agreement between the

homeowner’s association and the water districts did not purport to transfer a real

property interest, and in any event, the BOR was not a party to it. The 2009 license

agreement between the homeowner’s association and BOR’s agent has been

terminated and only authorized licenses “that do not grant an interest in real

property.”1

      2. Payne has not alleged facts sufficient to establish an implied easement.

She has alleged neither prior use, see McFarland v. Kempthorne, 545 F.3d 1106,

1112 (9th Cir. 2008), nor that the BOR intended to convey an easement, see Lyon v.

Gila River Indian Cmty., 626 F.3d 1059, 1072–74 (9th Cir. 2010).

      3. Nor do the alleged facts support an easement by necessity. The property


1
       Payne’s motions to supplement the record on appeal and to take judicial notice
of a property diagram, Dkt. 21, 26, are GRANTED. The BOR’s motion to take
judicial notice of an aerial image, Dkt. 17, is also GRANTED.

                                         2
Payne purchased in 2007 is accessible from her previously owned property. The

mere fact that the easement Payne seeks would shorten her trip to a nearby access

road does not establish necessity. See McFarland, 545 F.3d at 1111.

      4. The district court also correctly rejected Payne’s estoppel claim. The

operative complaint does not allege any affirmative misrepresentation or

concealment of a material fact. See United States v. Ruby Co., 588 F.2d 697, 703–

04 (9th Cir. 1978).

      5. We decline to address Payne’s argument that the complaint states a claim

for reformation of the 2007 deed because it is raised for the first time on appeal. See

Peterson v. Highland Music, Inc., 140 F.3d 1313, 1321 (9th Cir. 1998).

      AFFIRMED.




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