J-S83045-18


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    IN THE INTEREST OF: D.S., A                :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    MINOR                                      :         PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :
    APPEAL OF: CRAWFORD COUNTY                 :
    CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES                :      No. 1214 WDA 2018

                   Appeal from the Order Entered July 24, 2018
                in the Court of Common Pleas of Crawford County
                      Orphans' Court at No(s): DP - 39-2017

BEFORE: PANELLA, J., SHOGAN, J., and MUSMANNO, J.

MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.:                          FILED FEBRUARY 28, 2019

       Crawford County Children and Youth Services (“CYS”) appeals from the

Order granting the Petition to Intervene filed by L.P., the maternal

grandmother (“Grandmother”) of the subject minor female child, D.S.

(“Child”), in the dependency action involving Child.1 We affirm.




____________________________________________


1 We note that, on June 6, 2017, the Orphans’ Court appointed Mary E.
Adelman, Esquire, as Child’s guardian ad litem (“GAL”). While the Orphans’
Court did not appoint an attorney to serve as a legal counsel for Child, we find
that Child would have been too young to express a legal preference, as Child
was only thirteen months old at the time of the Order on appeal. Cf. In re:
J’K.M., a Minor, 191 A.3d 907 (Pa. Super. 2018) (holding that our Supreme
Court’s opinion in In re L.B.M., 161 A.3d 172 (Pa. 2017) (plurality), applies
to require the appointment of a separate legal counsel from the child’s
GAL/best interest counsel in dependency proceedings where there is a conflict
between the two interests); In re T.S., 192 A.3d 1080 (Pa. 2018) (holding
that the appointment of a separate legal counsel from best interests
counsel/GAL is not required where the Child is too young to express a
preferred outcome).
J-S83045-18



      The Orphans’ Court set forth the factual background and procedural

history of this appeal as follows:

             [Child] was born at Saint Vincent Hospital in Erie,
      Pennsylvania[, in June of 2017], during a time while her mother,
      [C.D.W.] (“Mother”), was incarcerated in the State Correctional
      Institution [SCI] at Cambridge Springs.[FN1] [Child’s] father,
      [J.H.], was reportedly deceased. [In June 2017,] this Court
      granted an Emergency Order giving CYS continuing legal and
      physical custody, and ordering [Child] to be placed temporarily in
      kinship foster care. [Child] was instead placed with [R.D. (“Foster
      Mother”)] (Bair Foundation Foster Home), as Mother reportedly
      could not identify other possible family members.[FN2] That
      arrangement was confirmed by Shelter Care Order of June 7,
      2017….

         [FN1]Mother is serving an aggregated state sentence of
         incarceration for theft and other crimes of twenty-seven to
         132 months imposed by the undersigned on December 18,
         2008. … She apparently continues to be treated for mental
         health issues.

         [FN2] Mother testified at the hearing on Grandmother’s
         [M]otion to [I]ntervene in the dependency action that she
         was told by the CYS caseworker that she would never see
         [Child] again if she identified Grandmother as a suitable
         family member for placement. Amended Transcript of
         Proceedings at Time of Motion to Intervene Hearing (Tr.)
         28:11-25 & 29:1-7. Mother thereafter [] requested, and on
         May 28, 2018, signed[,] consents for [Child’s] placement
         with Grandmother. E.g., Tr, at 25:2-4; consents filed in
         Grandmother’s custody action, discussed below.

            CYS filed its dependency [P]etition on June 8, 2017, and
      [Child] was adjudicated dependent on July 11, 2017, pursuant to
      the Master’s recommendation.

            CYS was ordered to complete a kinship study on
      Grandmother, with reunification and adoption set as concurrent
      goals. Order, 7/11/17…. The home study still had not been
      completed by the time of the permanency review hearing[,] held
      on October 26, 2017, and so a thirty[-]day review hearing was

                                     -2-
J-S83045-18


     ordered. Grandmother was[,] meanwhile[,] granted visitation,
     but the goal was listed as reunification. Order, 10/30/18…. An
     early permanency review hearing was held on CYS’s [M]otion on
     December 20, 2017, after Grandmother was approved as a kinship
     placement option.      Physical custody was ordered to be
     transitioned, by March 18, 2018, to Grandmother from [Foster
     Mother]. Order, 1/2/18.

            Transitioning had progressed to five days a week when, on
     February 27, 2018, CYS removed [Child] from Grandmother’s
     home due [sic] a child protective services (CPS) report. Tr. at
     37:17-24 & Pet. Exh. 1, p. 4 [unpaginated]. On March 5, 2018,
     CYS moved for an early permanency review hearing to have
     transitioning put on hold pending the CYS investigation. The
     hearing was rescheduled from March 12, 2018, to April 2, 2018,
     and continued to April 25, 2018, for CYS to present information
     relative to the investigation. Although the CPS report was
     unfounded,[FN3] CYS opposed placement with Grandmother (as
     Mother was requesting) on the ground that Grandmother was
     reportedly Mother’s discharge resource.[FN4] Physical custody
     remained with [Foster Mother], with Grandmother allowed one
     four-hour visit per week, and with concurrent permanency goals
     “remain[ing]” as “return home” and adoption. Order, 5/2/18….

       [FN3]That report was of sexual abuse between two siblings
       who are Mother’s children previously adopted by
       Grandmother. A general protective services investigation
       was also conducted, which the Master’s Recommendation
       indicates had been concluded, on a report that Grandmother
       was not providing appropriate mental health treatment for
       her adopted son.

       [FN4]Mother was to be paroled on June 12, 2018, and[,] at
       the time of the intervention hearing[,] was residing at a
       half-way house in Pittsburgh. Tr. at 42:8-9, 20-23; 52:7-
       11. She has now been returned to SCI Cambridge Springs.
       Pa. Dept. of Corrections Inmate Locator. Grandmother’s
       Criminal Record/Abuse History Verification filed in her
       custody action, discussed below, states at ¶ 5 that “[Mother]
       is NOT a member of my household, nor [are] there any plans
       for her to join it.”

          Grandmother’s [P]etition [to Intervene] was filed on June 4,
     2018, and granted after a hearing held on July 20, 2018. Order,

                                   -3-
J-S83045-18


     7/24/18. A permanency review hearing was commenced on
     August 3, 2018, but [w]as … continued to September 15, 2018.
     Orders, 8/6/18, 8/30/18. Notice of the instant fast track appeal
     was timely filed on August 22, 2018.

            Grandmother testified in support of her [P]etition that she
     had begun contacting CYS in March 2017, but only learned of
     [Child’s] birth about a week afterwards from someone at the
     prison.[FN5] Tr. at 12:23-24, 13:20-22, 14:20-21. She was
     present at the adjudication hearing, and[,] on July 30, 2017, filed
     a pro se custody [P]etition, on which no action was taken due to
     the pendency of the juvenile proceedings.[FN6] [] Custody Order,
     6/30/17. She also appeared at subsequent dependency hearings,
     but was not permitted to participate. On June 4, 2018, after
     transitioning had been terminated, she filed a counseled custody
     Petition, which was denied for failure to comply with the
     procedural rules. [] Custody Order, 6/8/18.[FN7] Her timely
     [M]otion for reconsideration was also denied, with the explanation
     that “dependency proceedings take precedence.” Custody Order,
     6/21/18. On July 20, 2018, she filed another [C]omplaint for
     custody, asking that she be awarded custody or, in the alternative,
     consolidation of the custody and dependency actions.[FN8] Custody
     proceedings were stayed so that the dependency action could
     proceed.[FN9] Custody Order, 7/24/18. In conformity with C.L.P.,
     and with the custody action being ancillary to the appeal, the stay
     was lifted on August 27, 2018, and a hearing on the merits ha[d]
     been scheduled for September 11, 2018.            Custody Orders,
     8/27/18, 8/30/18; see also [Juvenile] Memorandum, 8/27/18.

            Grandmother also testified that, as a victim of one of
        [FN5]

        Mother’s theft crimes for which her parole had been
        revoked, she was not permitted to see Mother. Tr. at 14:7-
        14.

        [FN6] That decision was made in reliance upon, e.g., In re
        D.S., 979 A.2d 901, 905 (Pa. Super. 2009) (noting that “the
        trial court appropriately deferred further custody and family
        placement decisions to another day”), but now appears to
        have been in error. See In Re: C.L.P., 126 A.[3d] 985,
        991 (Pa. Super. 2015) (remanding to the trial court “to
        promptly list Grandparent’s [sic] custody action for a
        hearing on the merits”). In any event, that action was
        dismissed when she failed to pay the filing fee (perhaps
        because she knew that the action would be stayed) after her

                                    -4-
J-S83045-18


           petition to proceed in forma pauperis was denied. Order,
           8/1/17.

           [FN7]The Order also indicated, apparently in error in light of
           C.L.P., n.6, above, that custody proceedings would not be
           entertained “for so long as [Child] remains a dependent
           child.”

               Grandmother, on the same day, filed for custody of
           [FN8]

           another of Mother’s children, S.R.W., who resides with her,
           and for whom a custody mediator has been appointed.
           Custody Order, 7/24/18.

           [FN9] The [Orphans’] Court acknowledges its error in
           believing that the 2018 statutory amendments only now
           gave Grandmother standing to petition for custody.
           Grandmother, as a grandparents who was not in loco
           parentis with [Child], had standing under the 2010
           amendments, for she had the consent of Mother and was
           willing to assume responsibility for [Child], who had been
           adjudicated dependent.

Trial Court Opinion, 8/30/18, at 1-5 (footnotes in original).

      In the July 24, 2018 Order on appeal, the Orphans’ Court provided as

follows:

      1. The [c]ourt GRANTS the Motion to Intervene filed by
      [Grandmother].

      2. Dependency Court shall have primacy over Custody Court as to
      [Child].

      3. This juvenile dependency case shall continue to be managed in
      accord with standard Juvenile Court procedures.

      4. All Custody Court proceedings as to [Child] shall be stayed until
      such time as Dependency Court relinquishes jurisdiction or upon
      further Order or Decree of court.

Trial Court Order, 7/24/18, at 1.




                                       -5-
J-S83045-18


      On August 22, 2018, CYS timely filed a Notice of Appeal, along with a

Concise Statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P.

1925(a)(2)(i) and (b).

      In its supplemental Rule 1925(a) Opinion, the Orphans’ Court stated as

follows:

            The [c]ourt believes it appropriate to inform the Superior
      Court of developments since the submission of its Rule 1925(a)
      [O]pinion on August 30, 2018.

            The [Rule 1925(a)] [O]pinion noted, at page 5, that a
      hearing on Grandmother’s custody [P]etition had been scheduled
      for September 11, 2018. At the conclusion of that hearing,
      Grandmother was awarded physical custody of the minor, as well
      as shared legal custody with CYS while the dependency action
      remained open. … The [O]pinion also noted, on page 4 and in
      footnote 11, that a permanency review hearing had also been
      scheduled for September 11, 2018, following the custody trial.
      Due to time constraints with the [Mother] being incarcerated, that
      hearing was continued to September 13, 2018, at the conclusion
      of which court supervision of [Child] was terminated. … The
      [c]ourt believes that its jurisdiction over these dependency
      proceedings was not divested by the instant appeal, and that their
      termination was both statutorily mandated and in the best
      interests of the fifteen[-]month[-]old minor.        See Pa.R.A.P.
      1701(c); 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302 (defining “Dependent child”); In re
      M.L., 562 Pa. 646, 650, 757 A.2d 849, 851 (2000) (“Only where
      a child is truly lacking a parent, guardian or legal custodian who
      can provide adequate care should we allow our courts to exercise
      such authority”); In re J.A., 107 A.3d 799, 809 (Pa. Super. 2015)
      (discussing the juvenile court’s continuing jurisdiction).

Supplemental Rule 1925(a) Opinion, 9/17/18, at 1-2 (emphasis added).

      In its brief on appeal, CYS raises the following issues:

      1. As a matter of law, did the [Orphans’ C]ourt err in permitting
      [] [G]randmother … to intervene into the present dependency
      action based on custody standing, as outlined in 23 Pa.C.S.A.
      §[]5325(4) and (5), while [] [G]randmother does not meet the

                                     -6-
J-S83045-18


      three clearly established categories to intervene in dependency as
      outlined in the case of In re: J.S., 980 A.2d 117 (Pa. Super.
      2009)?

      2. Did the [Orphans’ Court] abuse its discretion in permitting []
      [G]randmother … to intervene into the present dependency action
      based on custody standing, as outlined in 23 Pa.C.S.A. §[]5325(4)
      and (5), while [] [G]randmother does not meet the three clearly
      established categories to intervene in dependency as outlined in
      the case of In re: J.S., 980 A.2d 117 (Pa. Super. 2009)?

Brief for Appellant at 2.

      We will address CYS’s claims together. CYS challenges the Orphans’

Court’s decision to permit Grandmother to intervene in the dependency

proceedings. See id. at 7-15. CYS argues that, on the record at the hearing

on the Petition, the Orphans’ Court found that Grandmother did not meet any

of the three categories that would allow for her intervention in dependency

proceedings pursuant to In re J.S. Id. at 8, 12. CYS states that the brief

periods of visitation between Grandmother and Child, and the failed attempt

at transitioning Child into placement with Grandmother, did not give rise to

Grandmother meeting any of the three categories. Id. at 9-10. CYS contends

that the Orphans’ Court therefore committed an error of law when it allowed

Grandmother to intervene in the dependency proceedings. Id. at 11. Further,

CYS argues that the Orphans’ Court abused its discretion by finding that




                                    -7-
J-S83045-18


Grandmother had standing, after it had initially found that she did not satisfy

any of the three categories that would permit her intervention. Id. at 12-15.2

       Grandmother responds by arguing, inter alia, that the dependency

matter has been dismissed, rendering moot CYS’s appeal of the Orphans’

Court’s ruling on her Petition to Intervene in the dependency proceeding. See

Grandmother’s Brief at 12-14.

       Our review discloses that the Orphans’ Court’s September 13, 2018

Order dismissed the dependency proceedings and, accordingly, awarded legal

and physical custody to Grandmother pursuant to her custody action. Thus,

the Orphans’ Court completed the portion of Paragraph 4 of its July 24, 2018

Order, providing that all custody court proceedings would be stayed until such

time as the dependency court relinquished its jurisdiction, or upon further

order or decree of court.        In its Concise Statement and its Statement of

Questions Involved section of its brief, CYS challenged the portion of the Order

granting Grandmother’s Petition to Intervene in the dependency proceedings

(Paragraph 1 of the July 24, 2018 )Order). It did not challenge Paragraph 4

of the Orphans’ Court’s July 24, 2018 Order preserving the dependency action

until the court proceeded in the custody action by further order of court. As

CYS failed to challenge Paragraph 4 in its appeal from the July 24, 2018 Order,



____________________________________________


2In a letter dated November 14, 2018, and filed in this Court on November
16, 2018, Child’s GAL joined the brief of CYS, and stated that she would not
be filing a separate brief on behalf of Child.

                                           -8-
J-S83045-18


CYS waived any challenge to the Orphans’ Court’s preserving the dependency

action until the court determined whether to proceed in the custody action by

further order of court, which ultimately resulted in the court’s dismissal of the

dependency proceedings pursuant thereto. Krebs v. United Refining Co. of

Pa., 893 A.2d 776, 797 (Pa. Super. 2006) (holding that an appellant waives

issues that are not raised in both the concise statement of errors complained

of on appeal and the statement of questions involved in the brief on appeal).

      Further, we agree with Grandmother and the Orphans’ Court that CYS’s

appeal from the July 24, 2018 Order is now moot, since the Orphans’ Court

has dismissed the dependency proceedings and allowed the proceedings in

the custody action to proceed.

      In In Re D.A., 801 A.2d 614 (Pa. Super. 2002), this Court explained

the mootness doctrine as follows:

         The cases presenting mootness problems involve litigants
         who clearly had standing to sue at the outset of the
         litigation. The problems arise from events occurring after
         the lawsuit has gotten underway -- changes in the facts or
         in the law -- which allegedly deprive the litigant of the
         necessary stake in the outcome. The mootness doctrine
         requires that “an actual controversy must be extant at all
         stages of review, not merely at the time the complaint is
         filed.”

      In re Gross, 476 Pa. 203, 209, 382 A.2d 116, 119 (1978)
      (quoting G. Gunther, Constitutional Law 1578 (9th ed. 1975)).

             As a general rule, an actual case or controversy must exist
      at all stages of the judicial process, or a case will be dismissed as
      moot. In re Duran, 769 A.2d 497 (Pa. Super. 2001). “An issue
      can become moot during the pendency of an appeal due to an
      intervening change in the facts of the case or due to an intervening

                                      -9-
J-S83045-18


     change in the applicable law[.]” In re Cain, 527 Pa. 260, 263,
     590 A.2d 291, 292 (1991). In that case, an opinion of this Court
     is rendered advisory in nature. Jefferson Bank v. Newton
     Associates, 454 Pa. Super. 654, 686 A.2d 834 (1996). “An issue
     before a court is moot if in ruling upon the issue the court cannot
     enter an order that has any legal force or effect.” Johnson v.
     Martofel, [797 A.2d 943, 946 (Pa. Super. 2002)]; In re T.J., 699
     A.2d 1311 (Pa. Super. 1997).

                                        ***

            Nevertheless, this Court will decide questions that
     otherwise have been rendered moot when one or more of the
     following exceptions to the mootness doctrine apply: 1) the case
     involves a question of great public importance, 2) the question
     presented is capable of repetition and apt to elude appellate
     review, or 3) a party to the controversy will suffer some detriment
     due to the decision of the trial court. Erie Insurance Exchange
     v. Claypoole, 449 Pa. Super. 142, 673 A.2d 348 (Pa. Super.
     1996); Commonwealth v. Smith, 336 Pa. Super. 636, 486 A.2d
     445 (Pa. Super. 1984).

In Re D.A., 801 A.2d at 616. Further, “[t]he concept of mootness focuses on

a change that has occurred during the length of the legal proceedings.” In

Re Cain, 590 A.2d at 292.

     Here,    it   is   undisputed   that   the   Orphans’   Court    had   resolved

Grandmother’s custody Complaint, placing Child with her.             The court then

dismissed the dependency action in which CYS complains that the Orphans’

Court had improperly permitted Grandmother to intervene. There is no longer

a dependency case before the Orphans’ Court. Thus, as our decision on the

propriety of Grandmother’s intervention will not reinstate the dependency

case, there is no reason for us to explore the exceptions to the mootness

doctrine discussed in D.A., supra.      See Griffin v. Griffin, 558 A.2d 86, 89


                                       - 10 -
J-S83045-18


(Pa. Super. 1989) (stating that “[w]e will not decide moot or abstract

questions, or enter a judgment or decree to which effect cannot be given.”).

     Accordingly, we affirm the Order of the Orphans’ Court.

     Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 2/28/2019




                                   - 11 -
