                     IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 14-1146
                            Filed September 17, 2014

IN THE INTEREST OF J.S.,
      Minor Child,

M.S., Mother,
      Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

       Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Rachael E. Seymour,

District Associate Judge.



       A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to her child.

AFFIRMED.



       Deborah L. Johnson of Deborah L. Johnson Law Office, P.C., Altoona, for

appellant.

       Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Janet L. Hoffman, Assistant Attorney

General, John P. Sarcone, County Attorney, and Christina Gonzalez, Assistant

County Attorney, for appellee.

       Erin Mayfield of Youth Law Center, Des Moines, attorney and guardian ad

litem for minor child.



       Considered by Potterfield, P.J., and Tabor and Mullins, JJ.
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MULLINS, J.

       A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to her child, J.S.1

She asserts the juvenile court erred in terminating her rights because the State

failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence the statutory grounds for

termination under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(d), (e), (g), and (h) (2013). She

also claims it is in the child’s best interest that her rights not be terminated and

that the child has a bond with her, establishing an exception to termination. For

the reasons stated, we affirm the termination order of the juvenile court.

I. Background Facts and Proceedings.

       J.S., born in May 2013, came to the attention of the department of human

services (DHS) after mother left him with friends for several days without

checking in on the child or providing basic necessities. DHS determined the

friends were inappropriate caretakers and obtained a temporary removal order to

place J.S. in foster care. The mother, at that time, was in jail on theft charges.

The mother’s parental rights to her two older children had previously been

terminated by the State of Minnesota in 2010 and 20132 due to medical neglect

and failure to maintain contact. At the subsequent removal hearing, the mother

did not appear, though she had been released from jail. The mother did appear




1
   The parental rights of the unknown putative father were also terminated as part of this
proceeding. Paternity testing of two individuals during the course of this case
established the two men the mother named as the father were not related to the child.
As a result, the identity of the father is unknown at this time, and no appeal has been
filed on behalf of any putative father.
2
   J.S. was born just days before the mother’s parental rights were terminated to her
second child.
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at the adjudicatory hearing in August 2013, though she was at that time back in

jail on a new theft charge and a probation violation.

         Once the mother was released from jail, having resolved her criminal

matters, services were provided, including: parenting classes; drug screens; child

protective assessment services; foster care; individual therapy; NA/AA meetings;

sponsor; domestic abuse classes; visitation; family safety, risk, and permanency

services; pre-removal conference; family team meetings; substance abuse

evaluations;      substance     abuse    treatment;    paternity   testing;   attachment

assessment; early access services; regional child protection center; probation

supervision; and housing referrals.

         The mother failed to provide a drug screen when requested and failed a

second drug screen, which came back positive for THC and cocaine. By the first

day of the termination hearing, the mother had attended only twenty-one of fifty-

nine scheduled supervised visits. The visits were offered three times a week.

She was provided transportation assistance, and the visits were moved to a

location that was within walking distance for her, but she still failed to attend

consistently the visitation. Between the first and second day of the termination

hearing,3 the mother attended only two of eight scheduled visitations. She had

not progressed to unsupervised or overnight visits during this case.

         At the time of the termination hearing, she had only recently moved out of

the home of the friend whom DHS had determined was inappropriate to be

around J.S. The mother admitted at the termination trial that her prior home was



3
    The termination hearing took place over two days on March 7 and April 3, 2014.
                                          4



not a safe place for J.S. She had not sought DHS approval for visitations to take

place in her new home. She was employed for only about two months during the

pendency of the case and was unemployed at the time of the termination

hearing. Despite her admitted use of marijuana, she failed to obtain a substance

abuse evaluation. She also failed to obtain a mental health evaluation or attend

therapy as requested, asserting instead that she did not believe she needed

therapy.

       The court issued its termination order on June 30, 2014, finding the State

had proved the grounds to terminate the mother’s rights under Iowa Code section

232.116(1)(d), (e), (g), and (h). It concluded the best interests of J.S. would be

served by terminating the mother’s parental rights and no exception applied to

prevent termination. The mother now appeals.

II. Scope and Standard of Review.

       Our review of an action to terminate a party’s parental rights is de novo.

In re A.M., 843 N.W.2d 100, 110 (Iowa 2014). We give weight to the factual

findings of the juvenile court, especially its determinations of credibility, but we

are not bound by them. Id. Our primary consideration is the best interests of the

child. In re A.B., 615 N.W.2d 764, 776 (Iowa 2012).

III. Statutory Grounds for Termination.

       The mother first challenges the statutory grounds used by the juvenile

court to terminate her parental rights.       Where there is clear and convincing

evidence of the statutory grounds for termination, we will uphold the juvenile

court’s decision. In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 706 (Iowa 2010). Evidence is
                                        5



clear and convincing when there are no serious or substantial doubts as to the

correctness of the conclusions of law drawn from the evidence. Id. When the

juvenile court terminates parental rights on more than one statutory ground, we

need only find grounds to terminate on one of the paragraphs to affirm. In re

J.A.D.-F., 776 N.W.2d 879, 884 (Iowa Ct. App. 2009). Here, we focus on the

evidence supporting the court’s termination of the mother’s parental rights under

Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h).

      To terminate parental rights under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h), the

State must show by clear and convincing evidence:

      (1) The child is three years of age or younger.
      (2) The child has been adjudicated a child in need of assistance
      pursuant to section 232.96.
      (3) The child has been removed from the physical custody of the
      child’s parents for at least six months of the last twelve months, or
      for the last six consecutive months and any trial period at home has
      been less than thirty days.
      (4) There is clear and convincing evidence that the child cannot be
      returned to the custody of the child’s parents as provided in section
      232.102 at the present time.

The mother concedes that the State proved subparagraphs (1), (2), and (3).

However, she contends the State failed to meet its burden to prove J.S. cannot

be returned to her custody.

      The evidence at trial established the mother had failed to attend more than

half of the scheduled supervised visits with J.S. since his removal. Due to the

infrequency of the visits, the mother had not been able to progress to

unsupervised or overnight visits. For the majority of the proceedings, she lived in

a home that even she admitted was not safe for J.S. She only recently moved to

a different home, though she failed to ask DHS to determine whether the new
                                        6



home was safe for J.S. She was unemployed, not paying rent at her new home,

and continued to associate with individuals DHS had determined were

inappropriate for J.S. She had failed to seek a substance abuse or mental health

evaluation and failed to attend individual therapy.      We conclude the State

established by clear and convincing evidence that J.S. could not be returned to

his mother’s custody at the time of the termination hearing.

IV. Best Interests and Exception.

      Next, the mother contends it was not in J.S.’s best interest for her rights to

be terminated under section 232.116(2) and that J.S. has a bond with her that

provides an exception to the termination under section 232.116(3)(c).             In

evaluating J.S.’s best interest, we consider the child’s safety, the placement that

will best further his long-term nurturing and growth, and the physical, mental, and

emotional condition and needs of the child. Iowa Code § 232.116(2). The child’s

safety at this time mandates that he remain in the foster family as the mother is

not capable of safely caring for J.S. While she has moved out of the unsafe

home, she has failed to request DHS evaluate her current home to ensure it is

appropriate for J.S. She has failed to attend the required substance abuse and

mental health evaluations and has failed to attend consistently the supervised

visits she has been afforded.

      We also consider whether the child has been integrated into the foster

family, whether he identifies with the foster family, and whether the foster family

is willing to integrate permanently the child into their family.       Iowa Code

§ 232.116(2)(b).   J.S. has thrived in the foster family and is meeting all
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developmental milestones. He identifies the foster mother as his mother and

seeks her out for comfort and to satisfy his needs. The foster family is willing to

adopt J.S. We conclude it is in J.S.’s best interests to terminate the mother’s

parental rights. At his young age, he deserves permanency and stability.

       In support of her claim that the parent-child bond should prevent

termination, the mother points to her ability to provide care for J.S., such as

feeding and diaper changing, during her supervised visits and that J.S. smiles at

her now when she sees him at the visits. This evidence falls short of showing the

termination would be detrimental to J.S. due to the closeness of the parent-child

relationship. See Iowa Code § 232.116(3). We find, as did the juvenile court,

that no legal exception applies that would argue against termination.

       We therefore affirm the termination of the mother’s parental rights with

respect to J.S.

       AFFIRMED.
