                  United States Court of Appeals
                              For the Eighth Circuit
                          ___________________________

                                  No. 13-2570
                          ___________________________

                                  Peter J. Schumacher

                         lllllllllllllllllllll Plaintiff - Appellant

                                             v.

  Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation; Bank of America, N.A.; Peterson,
 Fram & Bergman, P.A.; Reiter & Schiller, P.A., and all other persons, unknown
 claiming any right, title, estate, interest, or lien in the real estate describe in the
                                   complaint herein

                       lllllllllllllllllllll Defendants - Appellees
                                        ____________

                     Appeal from United States District Court
                    for the District of Minnesota - Minneapolis
                                   ____________

                            Submitted: December 5, 2013
                                Filed: June 5, 2014
                                  [Unpublished]
                                  ____________

Before MURPHY, SHEPHERD, and KELLY, Circuit Judges.
                          ____________

PER CURIAM.

       Peter J. Schumacher sued the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
(Freddie Mac), Bank of America, N.A., the law firm Peterson, Fram, & Bergman,
P.A., and the law firm Reiter & Schiller, P.A. in state court. His complaint alleges
quiet title and other claims arising from the foreclosure sale of his Minnesota home
and his resulting eviction. Following removal to federal district court,1 U.S. District
Judge David S. Doty granted the defendants' motion to dismiss all of Schumacher's
claims. Schumacher appeals the dismissal of his quiet title claim only, and we affirm.

       Schumacher executed a note and mortgage in April 2007 for his home in
Ramsey County, Minnesota with Bank of America. After Schumacher defaulted on
his monthly mortgage loan payments, Bank of America retained the Peterson law firm
to record a Notice of Pendency and Power of Attorney in August 2010 and to notice
a sheriff's sale of the property in September 2011. The bank bought the property at
the sheriff's sale and recorded the purchase with Ramsey County. In April 2012, the
bank executed and recorded a quit claim deed to Freddie Mac. Acting on Freddie
Mac's behalf, the Reiter law firm commenced an eviction proceeding against
Schumacher that September.

       Schumacher filed this action against Freddie Mac, the bank, and the law firms
in state court in November 2012. His complaint alleges claims for quiet title under
Minn. Stat. § 559.01, deceit and collusion under Minn. Stat. § 481.07, slander of title,
and negligence per se. He also sought a declaratory judgment that the sheriff's sale
and quit claim deed are void. Schumacher specifically alleges "upon information and
belief" that there was an unrecorded assignment from Bank of America to Freddie
Mac prior to the foreclosure which invalidated the sheriff's sale and subsequent quit
claim deed between the two entities. The defendants removed the case to federal
district court and filed a motion to dismiss Schumacher's complaint. The district court
concluded that the law firms were fraudulently joined to avoid federal jurisdiction,
granted the defendants' motion, and dismissed all of Schumacher's claims.
Schumacher appeals only the dismissal of his quiet title claim.


      1
      The Honorable David S. Doty, United States District Judge for the District
of Minnesota.

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       We review a district court's grant of a motion to dismiss de novo, taking the
facts alleged in the complaint as true. Badrawi v. Wells Fargo Home Mortg., Inc., 718
F.3d 756, 758 (8th Cir. 2013). To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must
contain "enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Id.
(quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). The complaint must
include sufficient factual content to "allow[] the court to draw the reasonable inference
that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged." Id. (quoting Ashcroft v. Iqbal,
556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009)). When applying state law under diversity jurisdiction,
federal courts are to "apply federal pleading standards—Rules 8 and 12(b)(6)—to the
state substantive law to determine if a complaint makes out a claim under state law."
Karnatcheva v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., 704 F.3d 545, 548 (8th Cir. 2013).

       Schumacher claims that the only facts he needed to plead under Minn. Stat. §
559.01 are (1) that he possessed a property, (2) against which the defendants have an
adverse claim. We have firmly rejected this theory. In Karnatcheva, for example, we
concluded that Minnesota's quiet title statute requires a plaintiff to allege that the
adverse claim against the property is invalid. Id. (citing Union Central Life Ins. Co.
v. Page, 190 Minn. 360, 363 (1933)). Schumacher alternatively argues that he met
this requirement by stating his "information and belief" that some unrecorded
assignment exists between Bank of America and Freddie Mac which invalidates both
the foreclosure sale of his property and the subsequent quit claim deed. Following
Karnatcheva, we conclude that "the plaintiffs' pleadings, on their face, have not
provided anything to support their claim that the defendants' adverse claims are
invalid, other than labels and conclusions, based on speculation that transfers affecting
payees and assignments of the notes were invalid." Id.

      Schumacher asserts that our decision in Karnatcheva is not controlling here
because it does not address his argument that the defendants have the burden under
Minnesota pleading standards of proving their adverse claim is valid. The only
burden at the pleading stage of a case, however, is on the plaintiff to plead facts which

                                          -3-
"state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face," Bawdrawi, 718 F.3d at 758. In
Karnatcheva, we determined that "state substantive standards"—to which we apply
federal pleading standards—require facts showing that the adverse claim is invalid.
704 F.3d at 548. Schumacher fails to plead facts showing the defendants' claim
against his property is invalid, and thus he fails to state a claim under Minn. Stat. §
559.01.

      The judgment of the district court is affirmed.
                     ______________________________




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