MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                  FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                               Apr 26 2018, 8:22 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any
                                                                        CLERK
court except for the purpose of establishing                        Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                       Court of Appeals
the defense of res judicata, collateral                                  and Tax Court

estoppel, or the law of the case.


ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                    ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Don R. Hostetler                                          Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Indianapolis, Indiana                                     Attorney General of Indiana
                                                          Andrea E. Rahman
                                                          Deputy Attorney General
                                                          Indianapolis, Indiana



                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In the Termination of the Parent-                         April 26, 2018
Child Relationship of:                                    Court of Appeals Case No.
A.J. (Minor Child)                                        49A05-1711-JT-2637
and                                                       Appeal from the Marion Superior
                                                          Court
H.J. (Father),
                                                          The Honorable Marilyn Moores,
Appellant-Respondent,                                     Judge

        v.                                                The Honorable Larry Bradley,
                                                          Magistrate
                                                          Trial Court Cause No.
The Indiana Department of
                                                          49D09-1512-JT-738
Child Services,
Appellee-Petitioner.



Robb, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1711-JT-2637 | April 26, 2018       Page 1 of 11
                                  Case Summary and Issue
[1]   H.J. (“Father”) appeals the juvenile court’s order terminating his parental rights

      to his child, A.J. (“Child”). Father raises multiple issues for our review, which

      we consolidate and restate as whether the juvenile court’s termination order is

      clearly erroneous. Concluding the juvenile court’s order is not clearly

      erroneous, we affirm.



                             Facts and Procedural History
[2]   Child was born on September 11, 2012, to Father and T.R. (“Mother”). On

      November 13, 2014, the Indiana Department of Child Services (“DCS”) filed a

      verified petition alleging Child and her stepsister, A.R., were children in need of

      services (“CHINS”).1 DCS removed Child and A.R. from Mother’s care

      because A.R. tested positive for marijuana at birth. At the time of the filing of

      the CHINS petition, Father was incarcerated in the Indiana Department of

      Correction (“DOC”).2 On February 24, 2015, Father stipulated that Child was

      a CHINS and the juvenile court entered a dispositional order placing Child in

      relative care with her maternal grandmother. The juvenile court’s dispositional

      order also notified Father that he was to contact DCS within seventy-two hours




      1
        Father is not A.R.’s parent. Further, Mother’s parental rights to Child and A.R. were terminated in a
      separate proceeding and neither Mother nor A.R. are a party to this appeal.
      2
        Father pleaded guilty to burglary on January 8, 2013, and received a twelve-year sentence with five years
      suspended. Father’s criminal history also includes two convictions, one in 2007 and one in 2008, for carrying
      a handgun without a license, one as a Class A misdemeanor and the other as a Class C felony, respectively.
      Father served time in the DOC for each conviction.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1711-JT-2637 | April 26, 2018            Page 2 of 11
      following his release from incarceration. On December 10, 2015, DCS filed its

      verified petition seeking the involuntary termination of both Father’s and

      Mother’s parental rights.


[3]   During his time in the DOC, Father completed the DOC’s “Inside Out Dad”

      program and a substance abuse program, received his general education

      diploma, and took a class in culinary arts. Transcript, Volume II at 66. Father

      was released from incarceration on November 10, 2016. Father did not contact

      DCS following his release from prison; however, he did spend time with Child

      and frequently visited her from the date of his release from incarceration until

      April of 2017. DCS, however, was unable to find or contact Father until March

      of 2017. In April of 2017, DCS halted Father’s informal visits with Child and

      permitted him to visit Child only pursuant to a supervised visit. Father had

      only one supervised visitation with Child which occurred on April 30, 2017.


[4]   On March 18, 2017, Father was arrested and charged with possession of

      cocaine, a Level 6 felony; and resisting law enforcement, a Class A

      misdemeanor. On April 25, 2017, Father was arrested again and charged with

      intimidation, a Level 6 felony; interference with the reporting of a crime, a

      Class A misdemeanor; and criminal mischief, a Class B misdemeanor.


[5]   Father pleaded guilty to intimidation in August of 2017 in exchange for the

      State’s dismissal of the remaining two charges stemming from the April 2017

      arrest. The trial court sentenced Father to 730 days—552 days suspended to

      probation and eighty-nine days of credit time. In November of 2017, Father


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1711-JT-2637 | April 26, 2018   Page 3 of 11
      pleaded guilty to possession of cocaine and resisting law enforcement stemming

      from the March 2017 arrest. The trial court sentenced Father to 545 days

      executed in the DOC for possession of cocaine, concurrent with 365 days for

      resisting law enforcement.


[6]   On October 16, 2017, the juvenile court held a hearing on DCS’ petition to

      involuntarily terminate Father’s parental rights.3 At the hearing, both Naomi

      Boone, the DCS family case manager, and Mark Bass, the Guardian ad Litem,

      testified it was in Child’s best interest for Father’s parental rights to be

      terminated. The juvenile court issued its findings of fact and conclusions

      thereon on October 23, 2017. The juvenile court found, in relevant part,


                 20.      There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that
                          resulted in [Child’s] removal and continued placement
                          outside the home will not be remedied by [Father].
                          [Father] was incarcerated for most of the CHINS
                          proceeding, and remains incarcerated after committing
                          new crimes during the CHINS case, violating probation.
                          When not incarcerated, he minimally participated in
                          services.

                 21.      There is a reasonable probability that the continuation of
                          the parent-child relationship poses a threat to [Child’s]
                          well-being in that it would pose as a barrier to obtaining
                          permanency for her through an adoption into the only
                          home she has really known, and by caregivers with whom
                          she is bonded and shares a parent-child relationship.

                 ***




      3
          Although incarcerated in the DOC at the time, Father appeared in person at the fact-finding hearing.


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1711-JT-2637 | April 26, 2018              Page 4 of 11
              24.      Termination of the parent-child relationship is in the best
                       interests of [Child]. Termination would allow her to be
                       adopted into a loving and permanent home with her
                       sibling.

      Appealed Order at 2. Father now appeals.


                                 Discussion and Decision
                                      I. Standard of Review
[7]   In reviewing a juvenile court’s order terminating parental rights, we neither

      weigh the evidence nor judge witness credibility and we consider only the

      evidence and reasonable inferences most favorable to the judgment. In re C.G.,

      954 N.E.2d 910, 923 (Ind. 2011). We apply a two-tiered standard of review to

      the juvenile court’s findings of fact and conclusions thereon: we first determine

      whether the evidence supports the findings and then determine whether the

      findings support the judgment. Id. “We will set aside the court’s judgment

      terminating a parent-child relationship only if it is clearly erroneous. Clear

      error is that which leaves us with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake

      has been made.” S.L. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child Servs., 997 N.E.2d 1114, 1123 (Ind.

      Ct. App. 2013) (citation omitted).


                                      II. Termination Order
[8]   Father contends the juvenile court’s termination order is clearly erroneous in

      three respects: (1) DCS failed to meet its burden of proof that the conditions

      resulting in Child’s removal and continued placement outside the home would

      not be remedied; (2) DCS failed to meet its burden of proof that the

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1711-JT-2637 | April 26, 2018   Page 5 of 11
       continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to Child’s well-

       being; and (3) DCS failed to meet its burden that termination of Father’s

       parental rights is in Child’s best interest.


[9]    “[T]he involuntary termination of parental rights is an extreme measure that is

       designed to be used as a last resort when all other reasonable efforts have failed

       . . . .” In re K.W., 12 N.E.3d 241, 249 (Ind. 2014) (alteration in original)

       (citation omitted). Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2) sets out what must be

       proven in order to terminate parental rights, which we provide in relevant part:


               (B) that one (1) of the following is true:

                        (i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions
                        that resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for
                        placement outside the home of the parents will not be
                        remedied.

                        (ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation
                        of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-
                        being of the child[; and]

               ***

               (C) that termination is in the best interests of the child . . . .


[10]   The State must prove each element by clear and convincing evidence. Ind.

       Code § 31-34-12-2. If a juvenile court determines the allegations of the petition

       are true, then the court shall terminate the parent-child relationship. Ind. Code

       § 31-35-2-8(a).


[11]   We first address Father’s argument DCS failed to present clear and convincing

       evidence the conditions that resulted in Child’s removal or placement outside
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1711-JT-2637 | April 26, 2018   Page 6 of 11
       the home will not be remedied. In determining whether there is a reasonable

       probability that “the conditions which resulted in the removal of the [child] will

       not be remedied, the [juvenile] court should judge a parent’s fitness to care for

       his [child] at the time of the termination hearing, taking into consideration

       evidence of changed conditions.” In re M.M., 733 N.E.2d 6, 13 (Ind. Ct. App.

       2000). The juvenile court must evaluate the parent’s habitual patterns of

       conduct to determine whether there is a substantial probability of future neglect

       or deprivation of the children. Id.


[12]   Father alleges the juvenile court and DCS placed too much emphasis on his

       incarceration and overlooked the activities he undertook while in the DOC to

       prepare himself to care for Child. He argues the “DCS’s [sic] singular showing

       that frequent incarcerations prevent [Father] from remedying conditions . . . is

       not valid under Indiana Supreme Court precedent.” Brief of Appellant at 12.

       In support of this argument, Father cites to In re G.Y., 904 N.E.2d 1257 (Ind.

       2009). However, Father misreads our supreme court’s opinion in In re G.Y.


[13]   In In re G.Y., a mother was incarcerated when her child was twenty months old

       for an offense—dealing in cocaine as a Class B felony—committed before her

       child was conceived. The mother committed no crimes after the child was

       born. While incarcerated, the mother had regular visitation with the child and

       she completed a drug treatment program and a parenting class. She also made

       arrangements for employment and suitable housing upon release from prison,

       which was to occur as early as sixteen months after the termination hearing.

       Moreover, the mother’s child was placed in foster care and doing well in that

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1711-JT-2637 | April 26, 2018   Page 7 of 11
       placement and there was no evidence that continued placement in that setting

       while mother completed her prison term would be detrimental. Nonetheless,

       the juvenile court terminated her parental rights.


[14]   On appeal, the mother challenged whether termination of her parental rights

       was in her child’s best interest. Our supreme court, based on mother’s good-

       faith effort to engage in services while incarcerated and her lack of a criminal

       history since her child’s birth, agreed with mother that DCS failed to present

       clear and convincing evidence that termination of her parental rights was in her

       child’s best interest. Id. at 1262.


[15]   In re G.Y. is inapplicable to Father’s case for several reasons. First, our supreme

       court concluded the DCS failed to present sufficient evidence that termination

       was in child’s best interest. The opinion solely addressed whether there was

       sufficient evidence to conclude the termination of the mother’s parental rights

       was in the child’s best interest and does not prevent a court from considering

       whether “frequent incarcerations” can result in a reasonable probability

       conditions will not be remedied. Br. of Appellant at 12. Second, unlike In re

       G.Y., where the mother did not commit any crimes after the birth of her child,

       Father has continued criminal activity and pleaded guilty to crimes on two

       separate occasions during the termination proceedings.


[16]   This court has repeatedly recognized that “[i]ndividuals who pursue criminal

       activity run the risk of being denied the opportunity to develop positive and

       meaningful relationships with their children.” Castro v. State Office of Family &


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1711-JT-2637 | April 26, 2018   Page 8 of 11
       Children, 842 N.E.2d 367, 374 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans. denied. Child was

       initially removed from Mother’s care due to Mother’s alleged drug use and

       Father was incarcerated at that time and unable to care for Child. Father has

       been incarcerated for a majority of Child’s life and has not significantly cared

       for her in any capacity. Although we commend Father for completing

       programs and classes while incarcerated, when he had the opportunity to parent

       his child, Father failed to contact the DCS as required and in a very short time

       ended up back in prison having committed several new crimes. See Wagner v.

       Grant Cty. Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 653 N.E.2d 531, 533-34 (Ind. Ct. App. 1995)

       (holding sufficient evidence supported the juvenile court’s termination of

       parental rights where father spent a majority of child’s life in jail and had new

       charges pending against him at the time of the termination hearing). There is

       sufficient evidence to support the juvenile court’s determination that there is a

       reasonable probability that the conditions that resulted in Child’s placement

       outside the home will not be remedied.4


[17]   Father also argues the DCS failed to present sufficient evidence that termination

       of his parental rights is in Child’s best interest and directs the court to In re A.B.,

       888 N.E.2d 231 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008), trans. denied. There, we concluded the




       4
         As noted above, Father also contends the juvenile court erred in finding continuation of the parent-child
       relationship poses a threat to Child’s well-being. However, Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B) is written
       in the disjunctive and requires only one element in that subsection be proven to support termination of
       parental rights. See In re I.A., 903 N.E.2d 146, 153 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009). Because we conclude the evidence
       is sufficient to show a reasonable probability the conditions resulting in Child’s removal will not be remedied,
       we need not also determine whether the juvenile court erred in concluding continuation of the parent-child
       relationship posed a threat to Child’s well-being.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1711-JT-2637 | April 26, 2018              Page 9 of 11
       recommendation of Guardian ad Litem and family case manager alone “may

       not serve as a basis for termination of parental rights.” Id. at 239. While Father

       accurately points out relevant case law, this court has held the

       “[r]ecommendations of the case manager and court-appointed advocate, in

       addition to evidence that the conditions resulting in removal will not be remedied, are

       sufficient to show by clear and convincing evidence that termination is in the

       child’s best interests.” In re A.S., 17 N.E.3d 994, 1005 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014)

       (emphasis added), trans. denied.


[18]   As noted above, there is sufficient evidence that the conditions resulting in

       Child’s removal will not be remedied. In addition, the DCS family case

       manager and Guardian ad Litem both recommended termination.


               [DCS]:                    Based on your work with this case, is
                                         termination in the best interests between
                                         [Child] and [Father]?

               [FCM Boone]:              Absolutely.

               ***

               [GAL Counsel]:            Do you believe the plan of adoption is in
                                         [Child’s] best interests?

               [GAL Bass]:               Yes.

               [GAL Counsel]:            Do you believe that [Father] should be given
                                         additional time to participate in and/or
                                         complete services?

               [GAL Bass]:               I do not.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1711-JT-2637 | April 26, 2018   Page 10 of 11
       Tr., Vol. II at 36, 59-60. Father also states that “[a] parent’s right to his child

       may not be terminated solely because there is a better place for the child to

       live.” Br. of Appellant at 16 (quoting In re A.B., 888 N.E.2d at 239). Father has

       been incarcerated for a majority of Child’s young life and, as far as the record

       demonstrates, has never provided a place for Child to live. Child has been

       cared for by someone other than her natural parents for most of her life and is

       in need of permanency and stability. Accordingly, DCS presented clear and

       convincing evidence from which the juvenile court could conclude that

       termination of Father’s parental rights was in Child’s best interest.5



                                                  Conclusion
[19]   The juvenile court’s order terminating Father’s parental rights is not clearly

       erroneous. Accordingly, we affirm the juvenile court’s judgment.


[20]   Affirmed.


       Najam, J., and Altice, J., concur.




       5
         We take the opportunity to note DCS’ brief provides very little substantive discussion with respect to
       whether termination is in Child’s best interest. It is not enough the DCS has alleged and satisfied one of the
       factors described in Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B). DCS must still prove termination is in Child’s
       best interest and, although we conclude termination is in Child’s best interest in this case, whether DCS has
       met its burden of proof is not a foregone conclusion. See In re G.Y., 904 N.E.2d at 1262.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A05-1711-JT-2637 | April 26, 2018             Page 11 of 11
