                         This opinion will be unpublished and
                         may not be cited except as provided by
                         Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

                              STATE OF MINNESOTA
                              IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                    A15-0019

                            Christensen Law Office, PLLC,
                                     Respondent,

                                          vs.

                                     Daniel Olean,
                                      Appellant,

                                     Dan Kennedy,
                                      Defendant.

                             Filed September 14, 2015
                  Affirmed in part, reversed in part and remanded
                                  Peterson, Judge

                               Pine County District Court
                                File No. 58-CV-14-444

Carl E. Christensen, Christensen Law Office PLLC, Minneapolis, Minnesota (for
respondent)

Daniel E. Olean, Finlayson, Minnesota (pro se appellant)

      Considered and decided by Peterson, Presiding Judge; Stauber, Judge; and

Stoneburner, Judge.*




*
 Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to
Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10.
                          UNPUBLISHED OPINION

PETERSON, Judge

       In this appeal from a judgment on an attorney lien, appellant argues that the

district court erred in (1) ordering the attorney lien enforceable against any real-property

interest held by appellant; (2) including collection costs in the attorney lien; and

(3) declining to address appellant’s claims for unjust enrichment, breach of contract, and

bad faith. We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand.

                                           FACTS

       After judgment was entered against appellant Daniel Olean in three civil cases

arising out of his default on promissory notes, Olean hired respondent Christensen Law

Office PLLC for appellate representation in two of the cases. Kanabec State Bank v.

Olean, No. A13-0939 (Minn. App. Feb. 3, 2014), review denied (Minn. Apr. 15, 2014);

Kanabec State Bank v. Olean, No. A13-0100 (Minn. App. Dec. 30, 2013), review denied

(Minn. Mar. 18, 2014). The retainer agreement states that Olean will pay Christensen

Law for legal services performed and for all expenses incurred in performing

representation. The agreement specifies rates for services and states that eight percent

annual interest will be charged on overdue fees and expenses and that Olean will be

responsible for all collection costs if a collection action is necessary.

       Olean believed that attorney Carl Christensen, who has extensive experience in

debtors’ remedies, would be handling the appeals. But an associate attorney worked on

the appeals, and Olean was dissatisfied with the associate’s performance. Christensen

Law withdrew from representation after Olean yelled profanities at the associate and left


                                               2
a voicemail stating that another attorney would be taking over handling the appeals.

       Carl Christensen submitted an affidavit stating that when Christensen Law

withdrew from representation, Olean owed $25,352.57 for attorney fees and expenses.

Olean failed to make payments, and Christensen Law brought this action seeking to

establish an attorney lien and foreclose the lien against real property owned by Olean.

Christensen Law moved the district court to establish the lienholder, the amount of the

lien, and the property to which the lien would attach.

       Following a hearing, the district court granted Christensen Law a $25,352.57

attorney lien for legal fees and costs incurred in representing Olean and ordered it

enforceable “against any real property interest held by” Olean. The district court also

ordered that Christensen Law “may apply to the Court to have its attorneys’ fees and

costs incurred in connection with this motion added to the judgment; plus any fees and

costs incurred after the entry of judgment by service and filing of an appropriate Affidavit

of Counsel and accompanying billing records . . . .” After this appeal was filed, the

district court awarded Christensen Law a judgment of $12,520.61 for collection costs,

including attorney fees, costs, and interest. The court stated that Christensen Law was

entitled to the collection costs “because Olean’s representation agreement with

Christensen Law Office PLLC provides for attorney fees, costs, and interest in the

collection of any unpaid amounts to the firm.”1



1
  Olean moved this court to strike documents from the addendum to his reply brief as
outside the record. He also moved to substitute an April 7, 2015 order for a proposed
order in the addendum. The documents and the order pertained to postjudgment

                                             3
                                       DECISION

          The availability of an attorney lien “traces its origins to common law, but the

Minnesota legislature has long since preempted this field and has substituted statutory

procedures.” Dorsey & Whitney LLP v. Grossman, 749 N.W.2d 409, 420 (Minn. App.

2008) (quotation omitted). “Interpretation of the attorney-lien statute presents a question

of law, which we review de novo.” Id.

                                               I.

          Olean argues that the district court erred in ruling that the attorney lien is

enforceable against any real-property interest held by Olean. The attorney-lien statute

states:

                        (a) An attorney has a lien for compensation whether
                the agreement for compensation is expressed or implied
                (1) upon the cause of action from the time of the service of
                the summons in the action, or the commencement of the
                proceeding, and (2) upon the interest of the attorney’s client
                in any money or property involved in or affected by any
                action or proceeding in which the attorney may have been
                employed, from the commencement of the action or
                proceeding, and, as against third parties, from the time of
                filing the notice of the lien claim, as provided in this section.

                       ....

                       (c) A lien provided by paragraph[] (a) . . . may be
                established, and the amount of the lien may be determined,
                summarily by the court under this paragraph on the
                application of the lien claimant or of any person or party
                interested in the property subject to the lien.

Minn. Stat. § 481.13, subd. 1 (2014).

enforcement proceedings. This court granted the motion to strike and denied the motion
to substitute.

                                               4
       After explaining a 2002 amendment that removed language permitting an

enforcement proceeding under the attorney-lien statute, the Dorsey court construed the

statute as follows:

                      In light of the statutory amendment, the plain language
              of the current version of the attorney-lien statute authorizes
              the district court only to summarily establish the lien. It no
              longer authorizes the district court to enforce the lien in the
              summary proceeding; rather, it is silent as to the proper forum
              and means for enforcing the lien. In addition, the attorney-lien
              statute directs that, to “establish” a lien, the district court must
              identify the subject property. Thus, when a lien claimant
              petitions the district court under section 481.13, subdivision
              1(c), the district court must determine (1) the lienholder;
              (2) the subject of the lien as defined by the attorney-lien
              statute; and (3) the amount due.

                     The resulting judgment is in the nature of a declaratory
              judgment that establishes the lien, as defined by the district
              court with regard to the lienholder, the subject, and the
              amount. Accordingly, Dorsey’s argument that the attorney-
              lien statute authorizes an unqualified personal judgment,
              independent of the action or proceeding in which the attorney
              provided representation, is without merit.

749 N.W.2d at 421-22 (citations omitted). In Dorsey, this court upheld the part of the

judgment that was a lien against the patent proceeds involved in the litigation but

reversed the part of the judgment that was an unqualified personal judgment. Id. at 422-

23.

       Christensen Law argues that because its request for establishment of an attorney

lien was the first count in a multi-count action, the district court had the authority to order

an unqualified personal judgment against Olean and, therefore, properly provided for the

lien to attach to any real-property interest held by Olean. The other counts in the



                                               5
complaint were for foreclosure of the lien, breach of contract against Olean, and

conversion against Olean’s former attorney. Even if the district court could properly

have considered Christensen’s request for establishment of an attorney lien together with

the other claims in the action, Christensen Law moved the district court for summary

establishment of an attorney lien under Minn. Stat. § 481.13, subd. 1(c). At the hearing

on the motion, Christensen Law’s attorney stated that the purpose of the hearing was to

establish an attorney lien. The attorney stated:

              [I]t is a summary proceeding. It’s equivalent to a declaratory
              judgment. And what the [c]ourt does today is rather simple.
              It does three things. One, it establishes the name of the
              creditor. Two, it establishes the amount of the lien. And,
              three, it establishes the property to which the lien is going to
              attach.

                     The statute says that our firm had an inchoate lien that
              we’re now making choate through this process upon the
              interest of the cause and any money or property involved in
              any action. The underlying case involved all the parcels that
              are named in our notice of motion, and it’s actually in our
              complaint, related to the foreclosure of those, and any money
              or property involved or affected by any action, any funds or
              proceeds involved from those, that property.

       Because Christensen Law opted to proceed under Minn. Stat. § 481.13, subd. 1(c),

the judgment should have been limited to a lien against property involved in the appeals

on which Christensen Law represented Olean. Therefore, we affirm the $25,352.57

attorney lien, but we reverse that part of the judgment providing for the lien to attach to

any real-property interest held by Olean and remand for the district court to determine the

proper subject of the lien.




                                             6
                                             II.

       Olean argues that the district court erred in determining that Christensen Law was

entitled to collection costs in addition to compensation for representing Olean. In Effrem

v. Effrem, this court held that the district court erred in including collection costs in an

attorney lien when the law firm brought a motion under Minn. Stat. § 481.13 and not an

action for breach of the retainer agreement, which entitled the law firm to recover

collection costs. 818 N.W.2d 546, 548-49, 551 (Minn. App. 2012). The court explained:

                     The application of the common definition of the term
              “compensation” to the issue here indicates that costs and fees
              of collection are not includable in an attorney lien under
              Minn. Stat. § 481.13, subd. 1(a). . . . [R]espondent is entitled
              to “compensation” for its work performed pursuant to the
              retainer agreement. The retainer agreement expressly sets
              forth the hourly rate for the services to be performed by
              respondent on behalf of appellants. The work performed by
              respondent on behalf of appellants creates a right to
              “compensation” under the attorney-lien statute. Although the
              express language of the retainer agreement provides that
              respondent is entitled to recover its fees and costs associated
              with enforcing and collecting its “compensation,” their
              collection fees and costs do not constitute “compensation”
              because they are not services rendered on behalf of the client.
              Rather, they are services performed on behalf of the law firm.

                     Respondent claims that because the retainer agreement
              expressly states that the law firm is entitled to recover the fees
              and costs associated with enforcing the agreement and
              collecting its “compensation,” such fees and costs are
              includable in the attorney lien. But . . . respondent did not
              bring an action to recover these fees and costs pursuant to the
              retainer agreement. Instead, the claim was brought under
              Minn. Stat. § 481.13. Because these fees and costs do not
              constitute “compensation” under the common definition of
              the term, they are not includable in the attorney lien under
              section 481.13, subdivision 1(a).



                                              7
Id. at 551.

         Although Christensen Law’s complaint included a breach-of-contract action, the

only issue before the court was the motion to establish an attorney lien under Minn. Stat.

§ 481.13, subd. 1(c). The district court determined that Christensen Law was entitled to

recover collection costs under the representation agreement between Olean and

Christensen. But, because the only issue before the court was the establishment of an

attorney lien under Minn. Stat. § 481.13, subd. 1(c), the district court erred in determining

that Christensen Law was entitled to collection costs. Although Olean did not appeal

from the judgment awarding Christensen Law collection costs, he listed in his statement

of the case the issue of whether the district court erred in determining that Christensen

Law was entitled to collection costs. On appeal from a judgment, this court may review

any order involving the merits or affecting the judgment or any other matter as the

interests of justice require. Minn. R. Civ. P. 103.04. And this court may accord some

latitude to a pro se litigant. Liptak v. State ex rel. City of New Hope, 340 N.W.2d 366,

367 (Minn. App. 1983). We, therefore, reverse the $12,520.61 judgment for collection

costs.

                                             III.

         Olean argues that the district court erred in declining to address his claims for

unjust enrichment, breach of contract, and bad faith. In concluding that the district court

did not err in declining to address a legal-malpractice claim in a proceeding to establish

an attorney lien, the Dorsey court stated:




                                              8
              The attorney-lien statute sets forth a summary proceeding to
              establish an attorney lien.        Consideration of complex
              questions of professional negligence in the lien action is
              contrary to the legislative intent expressed in the language of
              the statute. Without addressing the appropriateness of
              bringing a legal-malpractice action, we observe that the
              establishment of an attorney lien in favor of Dorsey does not
              prevent ABCO and Grossman from bringing such an action in
              a separate proceeding. Indeed, a separate proceeding, when
              available, is preferable to the summary proceeding afforded
              under section 481.13.

749 N.W.2d at 423 (citations and quotation omitted).

       Olean’s claims for unjust enrichment, breach of contract, and bad faith involve

fact issues beyond the scope of a summary proceeding to establish an attorney lien;

therefore, the district court did not err in declining to address them.     Because Olean’s

challenge to the $25,352.57 amount owed when Christensen Law withdrew from

representation is based on these claims, the issue is not properly before this court.

       Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded.




                                              9
