                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                             AT KNOXVILLE
                               Assigned on Briefs May 31, 2011

  PAUL W. CHAMBERS v. FIRST VOLUNTEER BANK OF TENNESSEE

                     Appeal from the Chancery Court for Polk County
                      No. 7431    Jerri Saunders Bryant, Chancellor


                  No. E2011-00020-COA-R3-CV-FILED-JULY 29, 2011


This case arises from a dispute over the repayment of a loan. Penny Chambers obtained a
loan through a bank in order to buy a house. Penny Chambers defaulted on the loan. Paul
W. Chambers (“Chambers”), Penny Chambers’s husband, later assumed the mortgage.
Chambers allegedly defaulted and First Volunteer Bank of Tennessee (“the Bank”)1 stated
that it would foreclose if he did not cure the default. Chambers sued the Bank in the
Chancery Court for Polk County (“the Trial Court”). The Trial Court granted the Bank’s
motion to dismiss. Chambers appeals. We find that the Trial Court did not err in granting
the Bank’s motion to dismiss. We further find that the Trial Court did not err in denying
Chambers’s motion to alter or amend and motion for default. The judgment of the Trial
Court is affirmed.


 Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Affirmed;
                                  Case Remanded


D. M ICHAEL S WINEY, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which H ERSCHEL P . F RANKS,
P.J., and J OHN W. M CC LARTY, J., joined.


Paul W. Chambers, pro se appellant.

Tracy C. Wooden, Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the appellee, First Volunteer Bank of
Tennessee.


       1
         Penny Chambers took out her loan through Benton Banking Company. During the course of the
events of this case, First Volunteer Bank of Tennessee succeeded Benton Banking Company in interest. For
convenience, we will refer to these entities collectively as “the Bank.”
                                         OPINION

                                        Background

               In April 2005, Penny Chambers entered into a mortgage with the Bank in order
to purchase certain real estate (“the Property”) in Benton, Tennessee. Penny Chambers
signed a note for the loan. In conjunction with the note, Penny Chambers and Chambers
signed a deed of trust pledging their interest in the Property. In April 2006, Penny Chambers
refinanced her mortgage. Penny Chambers signed a second deed of trust. Chambers’s
signature is visible on the second deed of trust but he denies having signed the document.
Penny Chambers defaulted on her loan.

                In April 2007, the Bank sent Penny Chambers a letter warning of the
consequences of default and demanding a response within ten (10) days. Chambers signed
for the letter. The Bank sent additional letters warning of default and foreclosure to Penny
Chambers over the course of 2007.

               Chambers informed the Bank that Penny Chambers had agreed, as part of a
marital dissolution agreement, to transfer the Property to him by quitclaim deed. Chambers
offered to assume the mortgage. In January 2008, Chambers was added to the loan under the
same conditions as were in effect for Penny Chambers. Chambers signed both notes. The
terms of the 2006 note required the borrower, Chambers, to maintain insurance on the
Property. Chambers did not purchase insurance for the Property. In December 2008, the
Bank obtained a one year insurance policy on the Property.

              In 2009, the Bank informed Chambers that he was in default of the mortgage.
In reply, Chambers proposed a compromise solution. The matter was not resolved. In March
2009, Chambers sued the Bank asking, among other things, that the deed of trust on the
property be removed. Chambers sought and the Trial Court granted an order restraining the
Bank from foreclosing on the Property until further order of the Trial Court. Chambers was
ordered to pay monthly interest payments on the loan.

                In April 2009, Chambers filed his motion for default. Subsequently, Chambers
removed the hearing on his motion for default from the docket, and the motion never was
granted. In June 2009, the Bank filed a motion to dismiss, or, in the alternative, for a more
definite statement. After a hearing in August 2009, the Trial Court gave Chambers fifteen
(15) days to file a more definite statement of claims. The Trial Court also ordered the Bank
to furnish proof of insurance covering the Property and whether any claims had been filed
related to certain incidents at the Property. In September 2009, Chambers filed his Plaintiff’s

                                              -2-
More Definite Statement, raising numerous causes of action. Chambers also alleged damage
to the Property stemming from three incidents in March 2008, December 2008, and February
2009. The Property was not insured at the time of the March 2008 damage. Chambers
alleged that he had relied on a representation by the Bank that the Property was, in fact,
insured in March 2008. The Bank filed a second motion to dismiss.

              Chambers served subpoenas duces tecum on an employee of the Bank. The
Trial Court quashed the subpoenas for several days leading up to a hearing. In October 2009,
the Bank filed its Motion to Inspect Property. At a hearing in December 2009, the Trial
Court delayed ruling on the Bank’s motion to dismiss and instead ordered the parties to
inspect the Property and report back to the Trial Court.

               In March 2010, after two inspections of the Property, the parties filed their
Joint Inspection Report with the Trial Court. The Joint Inspection Report stated that “[t]he
insurance company decided to accept the amount of damages proffered by [Chambers]” and
that “[Chambers] hereby represents to the Court that the issues related to the property
inspections and insured damage claims have been resolved.” The insurance recovery funds
did not fully satisfy Chambers’s debt on the property.

               In August 2010, a hearing was held in the Trial Court. The Trial Court granted
the Bank’s motion to dismiss. In its September 2010 order, following a summary of the
case’s history, the Trial Court found and held:

              The Court finds that [the Bank] has filed all appropriate insurance
       claims consistent with the signature of [Chambers] on the Joint Inspection
       Report referenced above which provides “[Chambers] hereby represents to the
       Court that issues related to the property inspections and insured damage claims
       have been resolved.” The Court further finds that [Chambers] has not plead
       any additional issues in [Chambers’s] More Definite Statement for which relief
       may be granted.

              WHEREFOR, based upon the foregoing and for good cause shown, it
       is hereby
              ORDERED and DECREED that all claims brought by [Chambers] in
       this cause be, and hereby are, dismissed; it is further
              ORDERED and DECREED that all injunctions issued during the
       pendency of this case are hereby dissolved; it is further
              ORDERED, ADJUDGED, and DECREED that all costs in this matter
       be taxed to [Chambers], for which execution may issue, if necessary.



                                             -3-
Chambers filed a motion to alter or amend. In December 2010, the Trial Court denied
Chambers’s motion to alter or amend. Chambers appeals to this Court.

                                         Discussion

              Chambers raises numerous issues which we restate as three issues on appeal:
1) whether the Trial Court erred in denying Chambers’s motion for default; 2) whether the
Trial Court erred in granting the Bank’s motion to dismiss; and 3) whether the Trial Court
erred in denying Chambers’s motion to alter or amend.

               We first address whether the Trial Court erred in denying Chambers’s motion
for default. The decision to grant a default judgment is reviewed under an abuse of
discretion standard. State of Tennessee ex. rel. Jones v. Looper, 86 S.W.3d 189, 193 (Tenn.
Ct. App. 2000). In Lee Medical, Inc. v. Beecher, 312 S.W.3d 515 (Tenn. 2010), the Supreme
Court discussed the abuse of discretion standard at length, stating:

              The abuse of discretion standard of review envisions a less rigorous
       review of the lower court’s decision and a decreased likelihood that the
       decision will be reversed on appeal. Beard v. Bd. of Prof’l Responsibility, 288
       S.W.3d 838, 860 (Tenn. 2009); State ex rel. Jones v. Looper, 86 S.W.3d 189,
       193 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2000). It reflects an awareness that the decision being
       reviewed involved a choice among several acceptable alternatives. Overstreet
       v. Shoney’s, Inc., 4 S.W.3d 694, 708 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1999). Thus, it does not
       permit reviewing courts to second-guess the court below, White v. Vanderbilt
       Univ., 21 S.W.3d 215, 223 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1999), or to substitute their
       discretion for the lower court’s, Henry v. Goins, 104 S.W.3d 475, 479 (Tenn.
       2003); Myint v. Allstate Ins. Co., 970 S.W.2d 920, 927 (Tenn. 1998). The
       abuse of discretion standard of review does not, however, immunize a lower
       court’s decision from any meaningful appellate scrutiny. Boyd v. Comdata
       Network, Inc., 88 S.W.3d 203, 211 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2002).

               Discretionary decisions must take the applicable law and the relevant
       facts into account. Konvalinka v. Chattanooga-Hamilton County Hosp. Auth.,
       249 S.W.3d 346, 358 (Tenn. 2008); Ballard v. Herzke, 924 S.W.2d 652, 661
       (Tenn. 1996). An abuse of discretion occurs when a court strays beyond the
       applicable legal standards or when it fails to properly consider the factors
       customarily used to guide the particular discretionary decision. State v. Lewis,
       235 S.W.3d 136, 141 (Tenn. 2007). A court abuses its discretion when it
       causes an injustice to the party challenging the decision by (1) applying an
       incorrect legal standard, (2) reaching an illogical or unreasonable decision, or

                                             -4-
       (3) basing its decision on a clearly erroneous assessment of the evidence. State
       v. Ostein, 293 S.W.3d 519, 526 (Tenn. 2009); Konvalinka v.
       Chattanooga-Hamilton County Hosp. Auth., 249 S.W.3d at 358; Doe 1 ex rel.
       Doe 1 v. Roman Catholic Diocese of Nashville, 154 S.W.3d at 42.

               To avoid result-oriented decisions or seemingly irreconcilable
       precedents, reviewing courts should review a lower court’s discretionary
       decision to determine (1) whether the factual basis for the decision is properly
       supported by evidence in the record, (2) whether the lower court properly
       identified and applied the most appropriate legal principles applicable to the
       decision, and (3) whether the lower court’s decision was within the range of
       acceptable alternative dispositions. Flautt & Mann v. Council of Memphis,
       285 S.W.3d 856, 872-73 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2008) (quoting BIF, a Div. of Gen.
       Signal Controls, Inc. v. Service Constr. Co., No. 87-136-II, 1988 WL 72409,
       at *3 (Tenn. Ct. App. July 13, 1988) (No Tenn. R. App. P. 11 application
       filed)). When called upon to review a lower court’s discretionary decision, the
       reviewing court should review the underlying factual findings using the
       preponderance of the evidence standard contained in Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d)
       and should review the lower court’s legal determinations de novo without any
       presumption of correctness. Johnson v. Nissan N. Am., Inc., 146 S.W.3d 600,
       604 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2004); Boyd v. Comdata Network, Inc., 88 S.W.3d at 212.

Beecher, 312 S.W.3d at 524-25.

                The record in this case does not explain the Trial Court’s reasoning for not
granting the motion for default. However, the record does reveal that Chambers canceled a
hearing on his motion for default. Chambers later notified the Bank that a hearing was to be
held on his motion for default on June 9, 2009. No transcript or order from a June 9, 2009
hearing, or any hearing on the motion for default, can be found in the record. We have no
basis in the record on which to review the Trial Court’s decision under an abuse of discretion
standard, and we will not presume that the Trial Court abused its discretion in denying
Chambers’s motion for default.

              We next address whether the Trial Court erred in granting the Bank’s motion
to dismiss. Since matters outside the pleadings were considered by the Trial Court when
resolving the Bank’s motion to dismiss, we will treat the Bank’s motion as a motion for
summary judgment in accordance with Tenn. R. Civ. P. 12.02.2 See Smith Mechanical


       2
           In relevant part, Rule 12.02 provides that if, "on a motion asserting the defense numbered (6) to
                                                                                               (continued...)

                                                     -5-
Contractors, Inc. v. Premier Hotel Development Group, 210 S.W.3d 557, 562-63 (Tenn. Ct.
App. 2006). Our Supreme Court reiterated the standard of review in summary judgment
cases as follows:

               The scope of review of a grant of summary judgment is well
        established. Because our inquiry involves a question of law, no presumption
        of correctness attaches to the judgment, and our task is to review the record to
        determine whether the requirements of Rule 56 of the Tennessee Rules of Civil
        Procedure have been satisfied. Hunter v. Brown, 955 S.W.2d 49, 50-51 (Tenn.
        1997); Cowden v. Sovran Bank/Cent. S., 816 S.W.2d 741, 744 (Tenn. 1991).

                A summary judgment may be granted only when there is no genuine
        issue of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter
        of law. Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56.04; Byrd v. Hall, 847 S.W.2d 208, 214 (Tenn.
        1993). The party seeking the summary judgment has the ultimate burden of
        persuasion "that there are no disputed, material facts creating a genuine issue
        for trial . . . and that he is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Id. at 215.
        If that motion is properly supported, the burden to establish a genuine issue of
        material fact shifts to the non-moving party. In order to shift the burden, the
        movant must either affirmatively negate an essential element of the
        nonmovant's claim or demonstrate that the nonmoving party cannot establish
        an essential element of his case. Id. at 215 n.5; Hannan v. Alltel Publ'g Co.,
        270 S.W.3d 1, 8-9 (Tenn. 2008). "[C]onclusory assertion[s]" are not sufficient
        to shift the burden to the non-moving party. Byrd, 847 S.W.2d at 215; see also
        Blanchard v. Kellum, 975 S.W.2d 522, 525 (Tenn. 1998). Our state does not
        apply the federal standard for summary judgment. The standard established
        in McCarley v. West Quality Food Service, 960 S.W.2d 585, 588 (Tenn. 1998),
        sets out, in the words of one authority, "a reasonable, predictable summary
        judgment jurisprudence for our state." Judy M. Cornett, The Legacy of Byrd
        v. Hall: Gossiping About Summary Judgment in Tennessee, 69 Tenn. L. Rev.
        175, 220 (2001).

                Courts must view the evidence and all reasonable inferences therefrom
        in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. Robinson v. Omer, 952


       2
         (...continued)
dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, matters outside the pleading are
presented to and not excluded by the court, the motion shall be treated as one for summary judgment and
disposed of as provided in Rule 56, and all parties shall be given reasonable opportunity to present all
material made pertinent to such a motion by Rule 56."

                                                  -6-
       S.W.2d 423, 426 (Tenn. 1997). A grant of summary judgment is appropriate
       only when the facts and the reasonable inferences from those facts would
       permit a reasonable person to reach only one conclusion. Staples v. CBL &
       Assocs., Inc., 15 S.W.3d 83, 89 (Tenn. 2000). In making that assessment, this
       Court must discard all countervailing evidence. Byrd, 847 S.W.2d at 210-11.
       Recently, this Court confirmed these principles in Hannan.

Giggers v. Memphis Housing Authority, 277 S.W.3d 359, 363-64 (Tenn. 2009).

              Chambers makes his arguments on appeal as to this issue in a conclusory and
unfocused manner. The argument section of Chambers’s brief lacks proper citations to the
record as required. In Whitaker v. Whirlpool Corp., 32 S.W.3d 222 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2000),
this Court observed that:

       Pro se litigants are entitled to fair and equal treatment. See Childs v.
       Duckworth, 705 F.2d 915, 922 (7th Cir. 1983). Pro se litigants are not,
       however, entitled to shift the burden of litigating their case to the courts. See
       Dozier v. Ford Motor Co., 702 F.2d 1189, 1194 (D.C. Cir. 1983). Pro se
       litigants are not excused from complying with the same substantive and
       procedural requirements that other represented parties must adhere to. See
       Irvin v. City of Clarksville, 767 S.W.2d 649, 652 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1988).

Whitaker, 32 S.W.3d at 227.

               This case represents a procedural anomaly of sorts in that we must treat the
Bank’s motion to dismiss as a motion for summary judgment, yet no statement of undisputed
material facts ever was filed. We, therefore, have reviewed the record and determined the
material facts that are uncontested by either party. Penny Chambers signed a note in
conjunction with a deed of trust in 2005. In 2006, Penny Chambers refinanced her mortgage.
In 2008, Chambers signed the 2005 and 2006 notes, assuming the mortgage that his wife had
created. The Bank advised Chambers that he was behind in payments and warned of
foreclosure. Chambers subsequently sued the Bank. The parties filed their Joint Inspection
Report with the Trial Court. Attempts to fully extinguish Chambers’s debt through insurance
recovery failed. Given the undisputed material facts, Chambers cannot prevail under any of
the claims, as we understand them, advanced in either his original complaint or Plaintiff’s
More Definite Statement. We affirm the judgment of the Trial Court granting the Bank’s
motion dismissing the complaint.

               Chambers argues that he was denied discovery rights essential to the
disposition of a motion for summary judgment. We do not agree. The Trial Court quashed

                                              -7-
Chambers’s subpoenas duces tecum on December 7, 2009 in advance of a hearing then
scheduled for December 16, 2009. The Trial Court quashed the subpoenas duces tecum only
“until after the hearing on Dec. 16, 2009.”

               The best we can tell from the record before us, Chambers did not attempt to
renew the subpoenas duces tecum after December 16, 2009. This temporary delay related
solely to the subpoenas duces tecum cannot be regarded as denying Chambers his right to
otherwise initiate a process of discovery as provided for by the Tennessee Rules of Civil
Procedure.

               Chambers disputes certain non-material facts. Chambers alleges that, while
he signed the deed of trust from 2005, he did not sign a deed of trust in conjunction with the
2006 note. Chambers, however, signed the 2006 note in 2008, which included a box checked
next to the statement “THIS NOTE IS SECURED BY A SEPARATE TRUST DEED ON
REAL ESTATE: POLK COUNTY (HOME MORTGAGE).” We need not resolve herein
whether Chambers’s signature was forged on the 2006 deed of trust. Chambers also alleges
that, in February 2008, a representative of the Bank indicated by email that it had placed
insurance on the property when it had not done so. Chambers bases this claim on an email
from an official of the Bank entered as an exhibit in the record. The email, allegedly a
summary of an agreement, reads:

       Paul, you should obtain insurance as soon as possible because the bank placed
       insurance will cost you more and not cover your personal property. Get me the
       declaration of coverage as soon as you are able to obtain it and we will stop the
       bank placed insurance we talked about today. Thanks, Terry

“[B]ank placed” in the context of the email clearly designates only a type of insurance and
is not a statement that the Bank had, in fact, placed insurance on the Property as of that time.
The Bank later did purchase insurance on the Property in December 2008. In any event, it
was Chambers’s clear contractual obligation to maintain insurance on the Property. We find
that Chambers has not disputed any material fact that would preclude us from finding, as the
Trial Court effectively did, that the Bank is entitled to summary judgment.

             After a careful and thorough review of the record on appeal, viewing the
evidence and all reasonable inferences therefrom in the light most favorable to Chambers,
as we must, we find that there are no genuine issues of material fact, and the Bank is entitled
to judgment as a matter of law. We affirm the judgment of the Trial Court granting the
Bank’s motion dismissing the complaint.

              We next address whether the Trial Court erred in denying Chambers's motion

                                              -8-
to alter or amend. Chambers filed his motion pursuant to Tenn. R. Civ. P. 59 and Tenn. R.
Civ. P. 60. Chambers’s motion largely repeated his previous arguments and argued that the
Bank had committed “fraud” upon the Trial Court. Given the record before us, we cannot
and do not find that the Trial Court's ruling on Chambers’s Tenn. R. Civ. P. 59 and/or 60
motion to alter or amend was an abuse of discretion. See Whitworth v. Whitworth, No.
2008-01521-COA-R3-CV, 2009 WL 2502002, at *4 (Tenn. Ct. App. Aug. 17, 2009), no
appl. perm. appeal filed (“We review a trial court's denial of both a Rule 60 motion and a
Rule 59 motion under an abuse of discretion standard.”).

                                       Conclusion

              The judgment of the Trial Court is affirmed, and this cause is remanded to the
Trial Court for collection of the costs below. The costs on appeal are assessed against the
appellant, Paul W. Chambers, and his surety, if any, for which execution may issue, if
necessary.




                                                  _________________________________
                                                  D. MICHAEL SWINEY, JUDGE




                                            -9-
