                                  2013 IL App (1st) 122802
                                                                               SECOND DIVISION
                                                                                November 19, 2013



No. 1-12-2802

JAMES W. KADLEC, as Executor of the Estate)                   Appeal from
of THOMAS J. KADLEC and as Trustee of the )                   the Circuit Court
THOMAS J. KADLEC SELF DECLARATION         )                   of Cook County.
TRUST dated November 11, 2006,            )
                                          )
        Plaintiff,                        )
                                          )
              v.                          )                   No. 09 L 11042
                                          )
SARA E. SUMNER,                           )
                                          )
        Defendant.                        )
__________________________________________)
SARA E. SUMNER,                           )
                                          )
        Third-Party Plaintiff-Appellant,  )
                                          )
             v.                           )
                                          )
GREEN DUBIN AND COMPANY, MARCIE           )
KOLBERG, and SMITH KOELLING               )
DYKSTRA AND OHM,                          )                   Honorable
                                          )                   John P. Kirby,
       Third-Party Defendants-Appellees.  )                   Judge Presiding.


      PRESIDING JUSTICE QUINN delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
      Justices Harris and Simon concurred in the judgment and opinion.

                                        OPINION

¶1                                 I. INTRODUCTION

¶2    Plaintiff, James W.Kadlec (plaintiff), an executor of an estate, filed a legal malpractice action
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against the estate’s attorney, Sara E. Sumner (Sumner), alleging the attorney failed to timely file the

estate's federal and state estate tax returns which caused damage to the estate. The attorney for the

estate then filed a third-party complaint against certain accountants for contribution alleging

accounting malpractice. All accountants denied being retained for the purpose of preparing the estate

tax returns for the estate. All accountants moved to dismiss the attorney's third-party contribution

claim against them on statute of limitations grounds. The circuit court held that the attorney's third-

party claim was time-barred by the two-year statute of limitations governing claims for accountant

malpractice. 735 ILCS 5/13-214(a) West 2012). Additionally, the circuit court held that because the

plaintiff in the underlying legal malpractice action could not have timely filed an accounting

malpractice action directly against these accountants at the time his legal malpractice action was filed

against the attorney, the statute of limitations for contribution actions, (735 ILCS 5/13-204(c) (West

2012)), did not apply. For the following reasons, we affirm the circuit court ruling.

¶3                                      II. JURISDICTION

¶4     On August 28, 2012, the circuit court dismissed the attorney's third-party complaint against

all third-party defendants with prejudice when it granted the third-party defendants' motions to

dismiss for the attorney's failure to file any contribution action within the applicable statute of

limitations and found no just reason to delay enforcement or an appeal of its dismissal order. The

attorney filed a timely notice of appeal on September 25, 2012. Therefore, this court has jurisdiction

over this appeal pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 304(a), which allows for an appeal from a final

judgment that does not dispose of the entire proceeding when the circuit court makes an express

finding that there is no just reason to delay the appeal. Ill. S. Ct. R. 304(a) (revised Feb. 26, 2010).


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¶5                                 III. STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶6     The third-party defendants filed section 2-619(a)(5) motions to dismiss and submitted that

the attorney's third-party complaint against them "was not commenced within the time limited by

law." 735 ILCS 5/2-619(a)(5) (West 2012). The circuit court agreed and dismissed the third-party

complaint for failure to timely file such an action. A circuit court's section 2-619 dismissal order is

given de novo review by this court. Solaia Technology, LLC v. Specialty Publishing Co., 221 Ill.

2d 558, 579 (2006).

¶7                                    IV. BACKGROUND

¶8     Prior to his death, Thomas J. Kadlec (decedent), retained an attorney, Sumner, to prepare a

self-declaration trust which he executed on November 11, 2003. The decedent died on May 16,

2005, without transferring all of his assets into his self-declaration trust. A month after the

decedent’s death, on June 16, 2005, Sumner filed a court petition to probate the assets that decedent

had failed to transfer into his self-declaration trust. On June 30, 2005, decedent's brother, plaintiff,

was appointed executor of decedent's estate and also became trustee of decedent's trust.

¶9     The plaintiff, now serving as both executor and trustee of decedent's estate and trust, hired

decedent's former attorney, Sumner,1 as the attorney to represent the estate and trust pertaining to

administration of both entities.

¶ 10   Both the plaintiff and Sumner knew that the estate tax returns were due to be filed on or

before February 15, 2006. As the February date approached, Sumner and plaintiff discussed filing


       1
          Plaintiff had also previously met Sumner when she was retained as the attorney in the
estate involving plaintiff's sister. During her representation of his sister’s estate, Sumner filed
estate tax returns with the IRS.

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for the one six-month extension of time the IRS allows an estate to complete the estate tax returns

and file them with the IRS. Sumner prepared the necessary request for extension to file the estate

tax returns until August 16, 2006. Both Sumner and the plaintiff signed the request. Plaintiff also

followed Sumner’s recommendation and paid an estimated deposit of $450,000 for the estate taxes

that were due and owing. The IRS granted the extension and both plaintiff and Sumner knew that

the returns were due on August 16, 2006.

¶ 11   The August 16, 2006 due date passed without any estate tax returns filed on behalf of the

estate. Sumner never filed the required estate tax returns. Plaintiff then hired new attorneys who

filed the estate tax returns on January 28, 2008. On February 15, 2008, plaintiff and Sumner entered

into an agreement whereby they mutually agreed to toll the statute of limitations applicable to a legal

malpractice action that plaintiff was contemplating against Sumner to September 21, 2009. A little

less than a month after the plaintiff and Sumner entered into their tolling agreement, on March 3,

2008, the IRS notified the plaintiff that the estate was assessed penalties and interest in the amount

of $191,560.39, for the late estate tax filing with such amount to be paid within 10 days.

¶ 12   Plaintiff filed his legal malpractice complaint against Sumner on September 18, 2009.2

Sumner was served with a copy of the complaint on October 10, 2009.

¶ 13   Discovery was exchanged by plaintiff and Sumner regarding the legal malpractice action.

The plaintiff provided deposition testimony that neither the Green Dubin & Company accounting

firm nor the Smith, Koelling, Dykstra, & Ohm accounting firm was involved with or hired to prepare



       2
         In her appellate reply brief, Sumner reported to this court that she and the plaintiff have
reached a settlement agreement, in principle, regarding the legal malpractice action.

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the estate tax returns. Plaintiff’s testimony specifically named Sumner and only Sumner as the

person hired and responsible for the preparation and filing of the estate tax returns. Sumner also

provided deposition testimony that she was aware prior to the filing of the extension of time to file

estate tax returns (February 2006) that the Green Dubin & Company accounting firm was not

involved in the preparation of the estate tax returns.

¶ 14    On September 19, 2011, Sumner filed an unverified complaint for contribution against both

the Green Dubin & Company and the Smith, Koelling, Dykstra & Ohm accounting firms, as well

as Marcie Kolberg, an accountant with the Smith firm, alleging accounting malpractice for their

involvement in the failure to timely file estate tax returns.

¶ 15    All third-party defendants filed motions to dismiss the contribution claim filed against them

because section 13-214.2(a)’s two year statute of limitations governing accounting malpractice had

expired. 735 ILCS 5/13-214.2(a) (West 2012). Additionally, it was argued that Sumner could not

avail herself of the two-year statute of limitations provided for in sections 13.204(b) and (c), which

allow a contribution action to be filed within two years “after [a] party seeking contribution or

indemnity has been served with process in the underlying action,” (735 ILCS 5/13-204(b) (West

2012)) , “but only to the extent that the claimant in an underlying action could have timely sued the

party from whom contribution or indemnity is sought at the time such claimant filed the underlying

action.” 735 ILCS 5/13-204(c) (West 2012). The third-party defendants submitted that when

plaintiff filed his complaint against Sumner, the statute of limitations for any and all claims plaintiff

may have had against the third-party defendants had expired.

¶ 16    The circuit court ruled that plaintiff knew or should have known that the estate tax returns


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were due by August 16, 2006, and that when he was not presented with those returns to sign or did

not otherwise receive an indication that the returns were being filed, plaintiff knew or should have

known that a cause of action accrued against Sumner and any accountants who may have been

involved. Therefore, the statute of limitations for accounting malpractice had run on August 16,

2008, which was two years after the estate tax returns were due. When plaintiff filed his action

against Sumner on September 18, 2009, pursuant to their tolling agreement, he had no viable cause

of action against any accountants because the statute of limitations for bringing such complaints had

expired over a year earlier because plaintiff had no tolling agreement with the third-party defendants.

Therefore, the circuit court granted the motions to dismiss and made its ruling final and appealable.

¶ 17   For the reasons that follow, we affirm.

¶ 18                                   V. ANALYSIS

¶ 19             A) There Appears to be No Accountant-Client Relationship

¶ 20   Although this case is presented and argued as a contribution case that was not brought within

the applicable statute of limitations, we are troubled by the official record in this case, which does

not factually support a claim of any kind against the named third-party accounting firms. In addition

to the testimony that was presented by both Sumner and the plaintiff during discovery that proceeded

long before the third-party defendants were brought into the case, there is also no other factual proof

that the accountants sued by Sumner were involved with the preparation of the estate tax returns that

are the subject of this lawsuit. After the accountants were served with the third-party complaint,

Green Dubin & Company issued a request to admit facts to the plaintiff pursuant to Supreme Court

Rule 216. Ill. S. Ct. R. 216 (eff. May 30, 2008). “Admissions pursuant to requests to admit


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constitute judicial admissions ***.” Ellis v. American Family Mutual Insurance Co., 322 Ill. App.

3d 1006, 1010 (2001). In his responses, plaintiff admitted that Green Dubin & Company did not

cause any of the damages alleged in the plaintiff’s complaint and that the estate did not incur any

injury or damage as a consequence of Green Dubin & Company’s work or services. Similar

testimony was provided in depositions regarding all accounting entities named in Sumner’s third-

party contribution complaint. Therefore, more basically, we observe that plaintiff not only could not

have filed a timely complaint against the third-party defendants at the time he filed his complaint

against Sumner, but he had no factual basis to ever sue them for accounting malpractice. To go

forward on an accounting malpractice contribution claim, Sumner must first establish the existence

of an accountant-client relationship that gave rise to a duty of care on the part of the accountant. Blue

Water Partners, Inc. v. Edwin D. Mason, Foley and Lardner, LLP, 2012 IL App (1st) 102165, ¶ 38.

The question of whether a duty existed between plaintiff and any of the accounting firms, or Sumner

and any of the accounting firms for the benefit of plaintiff, is one of law that the circuit court should

have answered in the first instance. Kopka v. Kamensky and Rubenstein, 354 Ill. App. 3d 930, 934

(2004); Washington v. City of Chicago, 188 Ill. 2d 235, 239 (1999) (“a court must determine whether

there is a relationship between the parties requiring that a legal obligation be imposed upon one for

the benefit of the other”). If plaintiff had no valid complaint against the accountants at the time he

filed his suit against Sumner, then Sumner could not have a valid third-party complaint for

contribution against the accountants. Sumner concedes as much in her reply brief. The proceedings

below do not discuss the relevant factors for the court’s imposition of a duty, which include whether

any relationship existed between the parties requiring that a legal obligation be imposed upon the


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accountants for the benefit of the plaintiff. We will evaluate the case as briefed by the parties and

ruled on by the circuit court, as it disposes of the case.

¶ 21                               B) The Statute of Limitations

¶ 22    Sumner contends that the circuit court improperly dismissed her third-party complaint under

section 2-619 of the Code of Civil Procedure (the Code), through an incorrect application of the

statute of limitations to her contribution claim involving accounting malpractice. 735 ILCS 5/2-619

(West 2012). A motion filed pursuant to section 2-619:

                " 'admits the legal sufficiency of the complaint and raises defects,

                defenses or other affirmative matters, such as the untimeliness of the

                complaint, which appear on the face of the complaint or are

                established by external submissions which act to defeat the plaintiff's

                claim, thus enabling the court to dismiss the complaint after

                considering issues of law or easily proved issues of fact.' " MC

                Baldwin Financial Co. v. DiMaggio, Rosario & Veraja, LLC, 364 Ill.

                App. 3d 6, 22 (2006) (quoting Lipinski v. Martin J. Kelly Oldsmobile,

                Inc., 325 Ill. App. 3d 1139, 1144 (2001)).

¶ 23    The statute of limitations applicable to Sumner’s third-party contribution complaint alleging

accounting malpractice is controlled, in part, by section 13-214.2(a) of the Code, which provides,

as follows:

                        "Actions based upon tort, contract or otherwise against any

                person, partnership or corporation registered pursuant to the Illinois


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               Public Accounting Act, as amended, or any *** partners, members,

               officers or shareholders, for an act or omission in the performance of

               professional services shall be commenced within 2 years from the

               time the person bringing an action knew or should reasonably have

               known of such act or omission." 735 ILCS 5/13-214.2(a) (West

               2012).

¶ 24   The well-known discovery rule is incorporated into section 13-214.2(a) of the Code "which

delays commencement of the statute of limitations until the plaintiff knows or reasonably should

have known of the injury and that it may have been wrongfully caused." Dancor International, Ltd.

v. Friedman, Goldberg & Mintz, 288 Ill. App. 3d 666, 672 (1997).

¶ 25   This case also concerns whether application of the statute of limitations for contribution

actions bars Sumner’s third- party contribution action. The statute states that "[i]n instances where

the underlying action has been filed by a claimant, no action for contribution or indemnity may be

commenced more than 2 years after the party seeking contribution or indemnity has been served with

process in the underlying action *** ." 735 ILCS 5/13-204(b) (West 2012). Section 13-204(c) of the

Code also requires that a second requirement be met in any contribution action, as follows:

                        "The applicable limitations period contained in subsection (a)

               or (b) shall apply to all actions for contribution or indemnity and shall

               preempt, as to contribution and indemnity actions only, all other

               statute of limitations or repose, but only to the extent that the

               claimant in an underlying action could have timely sued the party


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                  from whom contribution or indemnity is sought at the time such

                  claimant filed the underlying action *** ." (Emphasis added.) 735

                  ILCS 5/13-204(c) (West 2012)

¶ 26      Sumner argues that it was not until March 8, 2008, when the IRS notice was issued to the

plaintiff that the estate was being assessed penalties with interest for failure to file the estate tax

returns in a timely manner, that the statute of limitations began to run, because that is the date that

the plaintiff had actual knowledge of damages relative to the failure to file the estate tax returns. We

observe from the onset of our analysis that neither plaintiff nor Sumner utilized this statute of

limitations date when they entered into their tolling agreement regarding the statute of limitations

for legal malpractice against Sumner, nor could they have as the IRS notice had not yet been received

by plaintiff. Therefore, Sumner’s insistence that March 8, 2008, is the trigger date for the statute of

limitation appears disingenuous. Sumner never explains how or why a different statute of limitations

date should apply to the accountants in Sumner’s contribution action arising out of the same

untimely filing than the statute of limitations plaintiff and Sumner contemplated in their tolling

agreement. A contribution action can proceed only if the plaintiff could have timely proceeded

against the third-party defendants directly when plaintiff filed his underlying complaint. Board of

Managers of Wespark Condominium Ass’n v. Neumann Homes, Inc., 388 Ill. App. 3d 129, 132-33

(2009).

¶ 27      Furthermore, the law is not that “ 'plaintiffs must know the full extent of their injuries before

the statute of limitations is triggered. Rather, [we] adhere to the general rule that the limitations

period commences when the plaintiff is injured, rather than when the plaintiff realizes * * * the full


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extent of [the] injuries.' ” Khan v. Deutsche Bank AG , 2012 IL 112219, ¶ 22 (quoting Golla v.

General Motors Corp., 167 Ill. 2d 353, 364 (1995)).

¶ 28    In Federated Industries, Inc. v. Reisin, 402 Ill. App. 3d 23 (2010), this court adopted the rule

that “the statute of limitations in an accountant malpractice case involving increased tax liabilities

begins to run when the taxpayer receives the statutory notice of deficiency * * * or at the time when

the taxpayer agrees with the IRS’ proposed deficiency assessments.” Federated Industries, Inc. v.

Reisin, 402 Ill. App. 3d 23, 36 (2010). Sumner cites Federated Industries in her reply brief as

support for her argument that the statute of limitations would not start to run until the IRS discovers

that the estate tax return was not filed in a timely manner and issues a notice of penalties and interest

due, as a result. However, the Federated Industries and Kahn rulings, supra, dealt with a tax

deficiency due to an accountant’s negligence. The factual scenario in both cases involved allegedly

negligent conduct in the preparation of tax returns that was discovered by the IRS when it reviewed

the faulty returns and then issued a deficiency notice. However, in the instant case, damages, i.e.,

penalties, began to accrue for the estate immediately upon the failure to timely file the estate tax

return. In establishing a starting date for the statute of limitations to begin to run in this case, the

pertinent issue is determining when the negligent conduct for failing to file a timely estate tax return

was sufficiently discoverable such that the plaintiff had a “ 'reasonable belief that the injury was

caused by wrongful conduct thereby creating an obligation to inquire further on that issue.' ” SK

Partners I, LP v. Metro Consultants, Inc., 408 Ill. App. 3d 127, 132 (2011) (quoting Dancor

International, Ltd. v. Friedman, Goldberg & Mintz, 288 Ill. App. 3d 666, 673 (1997)).

¶ 29    In other words, the instant case is distinguishable because it does not involve a tax deficiency


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embedded in a negligently prepared tax return and first discovered by the IRS, but rather a failure

to timely file an estate tax return that had a clearly defined final due date of August 16, 2006. As

the trial court found, that date easily could and should have been noticed by both the plaintiff and

the estate’s attorney, Sumner, both of whom signed the one-time extension to file the estate tax

returns with the IRS. At the point when the estate tax form was untimely, the alleged negligence

caused harm to the estate, as penalties began accruing along with interest. Logically, under the

scenario presented in this case, actual damages occurred the moment the estate tax form was late.

Damages only increased for the estate the longer the estate tax form remained unfiled. Our holding

in this case is consistent with the supreme court's holding in Khan v. Deutsche Bank AG, 2012 IL

112219, which held that the statute of limitations for plaintiff's cause of action begins to run when

the plaintiff has a reasonable belief that he has been injured and is not tolled until the IRS sends

plaintiff notice of the full extent of his injuries. Id. at ¶ 45. Therefore, Sumner’s argument that

damages were not incurred until the plaintiff received a formal notice from the IRS calculating the

precise amount of penalties is misguided.

¶ 30   By the time of the filing of the sole extension of time to file the estate tax returns, both

plaintiff and Sumner, acting as attorney for the estate, the two signatories on the extension of time,

had constructive knowledge that the estate tax returns had a drop-dead due date of August 16, 2006.

The motion for extension outlined the new due date and gave the parties a final additional six months

to prepare and file the estate tax returns. Once plaintiff was not presented with an estate tax return

to sign on behalf of the estate by August 16, 2006, he clearly acquired the knowledge that something

was amiss and had an obligation to inquire further, starting the clock on the applicable statute of


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limitations. The established standard for evaluating plaintiff’s knowledge is measured by: (1) a

reasonable belief and (2) “the obligation to inquire.” Dancor International, Ltd. v. Friedman,

Goldberg & Mintz, 288 Ill. App. 3d 666, 673 ( 1997). “[I]t is well-settled that ‘notice to an attorney

is notice to the client and knowledge of an attorney is knowledge of, or imputed to, the client,

notwithstanding whether the attorney has actually communicated such knowledge to the client.’"

Williams v. Dorsey, 273 Ill. App. 3d 893, 898 (1995) (quoting Eckel v. Bynum, 240 Ill. App. 3d 867,

875 (1992)). In the case before us, we can do more than “impute” knowledge of the final due date

for filing the estate tax returns to plaintiff. We have factual evidence that he signed the request for

an extension of time which spelled out the final due date of August 16, 2006, and plaintiff admitted

that he was told by his attorney, Sumner, of the final due date.

¶ 31   Clearly, plaintiff must be charged with a reasonable belief of an untimely estate tax filing

when the untimely estate tax return was signed and filed by the plaintiff on January 28, 2008,

utilizing newly hired attorneys for the estate. This is proof that plaintiff had knowledge that estate

tax returns were not actually filed and he took no actions to get them on file.

¶ 32   The two-year statute of limitations for contribution actions expired by the time of Sumner’s

third-party complaint, which was filed on September 16, 2011, more than five years after the August

16, 2006 due date for the filing of the estate tax forms. Accordingly, we find that the circuit court

properly dismissed Sumner’s third-party contribution complaint in its entirety.

¶ 33   Lastly, Sumner contends that the circuit court erred in granting the third-party defendants’

motions to dismiss because whether a party has sufficient knowledge to trigger the running of the

statute of limitations is a question of fact. As established, supra, a motion to dismiss under section


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2-619 enables the circuit court to dismiss any complaint after considering issues of law and easily

proved issues of fact. MC Baldwin Financial Co. v. DiMaggio, Rosario & Veraja, LLC, 364 Ill. App.

3d 6, 22 (2006). The circuit court may consider pleadings, depositions and affidavits when ruling

on such a motion. Raintree Homes, Inc. v. Village of Long Grove, 209 Ill. 2d 248, 262 (2004).

¶ 34    In the instant case, the record contains the date of the estate’s motion for extension of time

to file estate tax returns with the IRS, the date the estate tax returns were due following plaintiff and

Sumner’s extension and the date of the untimely filing of the estate tax return, the date of the tolling

agreement between plaintiff and Sumner, as well as many other facts that are not in dispute.

Furthermore, as stated previously, there appears to be no factual basis for plaintiff to have ever filed

a complaint against the third-party defendants, timely or otherwise. Accordingly, we find that the

circuit court did not err in dismissing the third-party complaint in its entirety.

¶ 35                                  VI. CONCLUSION

¶ 36    For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.

¶ 37    Affirmed.




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