           Case: 16-17192   Date Filed: 08/11/2017   Page: 1 of 10


                                                         [DO NOT PUBLISH]



             IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                    FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                      ________________________

                             No. 16-17192
                         Non-Argument Calendar
                       ________________________

                   D.C. Docket No. 9:15-cv-80130-WM



TOMMY H.D. DRAUGHON,

                                                            Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                   versus

COMMISSIONER, SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION,

                                                           Defendant-Appellee.

                       ________________________

                Appeal from the United States District Court
                    for the Southern District of Florida
                      ________________________

                             (August 11, 2017)

Before HULL, WILSON, and JULIE CARNES, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
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      Appellant Tommy Draughon appeals the district court’s order affirming the

Administrative Law Judge’s (“ALJ”) decision denying his application for

supplemental security income. After careful review, we affirm.

I.    BACKGROUND

      In 2011, Draughon filed an application for supplemental security income

with the Social Security Administration. Alleging a disability onset date of

January 1, 2008, he represented that he was disabled and unable to work due to

neck and back problems. Draughon completed a work history report, in which he

stated that he had previously worked as a supermarket stock clerk from 1973 until

1990, as a personal trainer from 1990 until 2002, and as a male model from 2002

until 2003. The Commissioner of Social Security (“the Commissioner”) denied his

application initially and upon reconsideration.

      At a hearing before the ALJ, Draughon testified that he mistakenly stated on

his work history report that he had worked as a male model. Most recently, he had

worked as a supermarket clerk but had to stop working in 2003 because the pain in

his back and neck prevented him from bending down, putting up stock, and

standing in one place for more than 10 to 15 mins. He had also worked part-time

as a personal trainer from 1990 to 2003. He explained that his pain stemmed from

a car accident in 1985, after which he spent two-and-a-half months in the hospital.




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He experienced headaches almost daily, as well as neck pain and had a bad

memory and concentration.

      The ALJ questioned Draughon about his past steroid use. Draughon

explained that he used steroids after the car accident and was incarcerated between

1993 and 1994 for a probation violation, and again between 1996 and 1998 for

selling steroids. He alleged a disability onset date of January 1, 2008, even though

his issues stemmed from his 1985 car accident because, until that point, he had

been taking steroids. The steroids made him feel “not human,” but when he

stopped taking them, he gained weight and lost energy.

      Following the hearing, the ALJ issued a decision denying his application for

supplemental security income in January 2014. After reviewing the evidence, the

ALJ found that Draughon had the following severe impairments: degenerative disc

disease of the cervical spine, spondylosis, lumbosacral disc protrusion,

hypertension, cognitive disorder, and dysthymic disorder. However, Draughon did

not have an impairment or combination of impairments that met or equaled one of

the listed impairments in the Social Security regulations.

      The ALJ determined that Draughon had the residual functional capacity to

perform light work. Specifically, the ALJ found that Draughon could occasionally

climb, balance, stoop, kneel, crouch and crawl; he could occasionally walk around

extreme cold and heat, wetness and humidity, noise, vibration, and fumes; and he


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could perform simple routine tasks on a sustained basis in a stable work

environment with no more than simple decision making. Based on this finding,

and in conjunction with the testimony from the vocational expert that an individual

with Draughon’s limitations could perform the jobs of a price merchandiser, a

silverware wrapper, and a shellfish preparer, the ALJ concluded that there were

jobs in the economy that Draughon could perform. Accordingly, the ALJ denied

Draughon’s application for supplemental security income. The Appeals Council

denied Draughon’s request for review.

      In 2015, Draughon, represented by counsel, filed a complaint in district

court challenging the denial of supplemental security income. He argued in

relevant part that the ALJ erred by: (1) discounting the opinions of his treating

physicians; (2) finding that his foot impairments were not severe; and

(3) discounting his subjective complaints of impairment. Draughon consented to

having his case heard before a magistrate judge, and the magistrate judge affirmed

the Commissioner’s decision denying supplemental security income.

      Draughon, now proceeding pro se, has appealed to this Court. He submitted

new evidence in the appendix to his brief, including medical statements from

various doctors dated between September 2014 and October 2016.




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II.   DISCUSSION

      A.     Standard of Review

      We review the ALJ’s decision for substantial evidence, but its application of

legal principles de novo. Moore v. Barnhart, 405 F.3d 1208, 1211 (11th Cir.

2005). “Substantial evidence is more than a scintilla and is such relevant evidence

as a reasonable person would accept as adequate to support a conclusion.”

Crawford v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 363 F.3d 1155, 1158 (11th Cir. 2004)

(quotations omitted). We may not reweigh the evidence and decide the facts anew,

and must defer to the ALJ’s decision if it is supported by substantial evidence. See

Dyer v. Barnhart, 395 F.3d 1206, 1210 (11th Cir. 2005).

      B.     Whether Draughon Preserved any Issues on Appeal

      The Government asserts that Draughon has abandoned any potential issues

related to the ALJ’s denial of his application for supplemental security income by

failing to raise any specific challenges on appeal. Although we liberally construe

the briefs of pro se litigants, issues not briefed on appeal are deemed abandoned.

Timson v. Sampson, 518 F.3d 870, 874 (11th Cir. 2008). Federal Rule of Appellate

Procedure 28 provides that an appellant’s brief must contain arguments that

include “appellant’s contentions and the reasons for them, with citations to the

authorities and parts of the record on which the appellant relies.” Fed. R. App. P.




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28(a)(8)(A). We have required pro se litigants to comply with procedural rules.

Albra v. Advan, Inc., 490 F.3d 826, 829 (11th Cir. 2007).

      On appeal, Draughon’s brief is devoid of any argument challenging the

magistrate judge’s decision, or any of the ALJ’s findings related to the denial of his

application for supplemental security income. Instead, Draughon recounts the

procedural history of his case and provides a description of his financial and health

problems, which he attributes to his 1985 car accident and subsequent steroid use.

He states that he wants this Court to know that he is not faking his pain, and he

attempts to explain why he stated that he was a male model in his work history

report.

      Because Draughon neither raised any specific arguments related to the

ALJ’s denial of supplemental security income or the magistrate judge’s decision

affirming the ALJ’s denial of benefits, nor cited to any relevant authorities or

portions of the records, he has abandoned any issues he may have had on appeal

challenging the ALJ’s decision. Fed. R. App. P. 28(a)(8)(A); Albra, 490 F.3d at

829; Timson, 518 F.3d at 874. To the extent Draughon’s cursory statement that he

was not faking his pain could be interpreted as a challenge to the ALJ’s

determination that his subjective testimony was not entirely credible, this passing

reference—without any argument or citation to authority—was not enough to

preserve this argument on appeal. See Sapuppo v. Allstate Floridian Ins. Co., 739


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F.3d 678, 681–82 (11th Cir. 2014) (explaining that a party abandons an issue on

appeal by only making a passing reference without any supporting arguments or

authority).

       Nevertheless, as discussed below, even if Draughon’s statement were

sufficient to preserve this issue on appeal, we would reject this argument because

the ALJ’s determination that his subjective complaints of pain were not entirely

credible is supported by substantial evidence. 1

       C.     Credibility Determination

       To establish a disability based on subjective testimony of pain and other

symptoms, the claimant must establish: “(1) evidence of an underlying medical

condition; and (2) either (a) objective medical evidence confirming the severity of

the alleged pain; or (b) that the objectively determined medical condition can

reasonably be expected to give rise to the claimed pain.” Wilson v. Barnhart, 284

F.3d 1219, 1225 (11th Cir. 2002).

       We have stated that credibility determinations are within the province of the

ALJ. Moore, 405 F.3d at 1212. However, if the ALJ rejects a claimant’s

subjective testimony regarding pain, the ALJ must articulate specific reasons for

doing so. Wilson, 284 F.3d at 1225. Otherwise, the testimony must be accepted as

1
 We note that Draughon raised this argument in the district court. Cf. Stewart v. Dep’t of
Health and Human Servs., 26 F.3d 115, 115 (11th Cir. 1994) (“As a general principle, this court
will not address an argument that has not been raised in the district court.”).


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true. Id. Although the ALJ need not cite to “particular phrases or formulations” to

support the credibility determination, the ALJ must do more than merely reject the

claimant’s testimony, such that the decision provides a reviewing court a basis to

conclude that the ALJ considered the claimant’s medical condition as a whole.

Dyer, 395 F.3d at 1210 (quotations omitted).

      The ALJ discredited Draughon’s testimony because it was not supported by

the medical evidence and because of discrepancies in the record that called

Draughon’s credibility into question. As noted by the ALJ, the record showed that

Draughon was in a car accident in 1985, but Draughon provided no evidence

relating to musculoskeletal complaints between 1985 and January 1, 2008, the

alleged onset date of his disability, or between January 2008 and December 2011,

the date he filed his application for supplemental security income. In fact, the

record does not contain any evidence of Draughon’s complaints related to pain

stemming from his car accident until January 2012. Moreover, following the

accident, Draughon continued to work as a supermarket stock clerk and as a

personal trainer. Likewise, he was incarcerated between 1996 and 1998 for steroid

use, suggesting that he was involved in body-building activity. The conservative

nature of Draughon’s treatment for his back and neck pain also weakens his claim

that he is disabled. Although treatment notes showed that Draughon had spinal

issues, doctors recommended physical therapy and medication. Treatment notes


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also showed that Draughon had declined trigger point or epidural injections to

relieve pain.

      Further, the ALJ explained that Draughon’s credibility was called into

question by the inaccurate information he provided on his work history report. The

record shows that Draughon stated on his work history report that he had worked

as a male model between 2002 and 2003. He included the hours he had worked

and the pay he received. However, at the hearing before the ALJ, Draughon

denied ever having worked as a male model and told the ALJ that he had only

aspired to do so. When asked by the ALJ why he had included this information, he

was not able to answer. Because the ALJ articulated clear reasons for discrediting

Draughon’s subjective complaints regarding the extent of his limitations and those

reasons are supported by substantial evidence, we will not disturb the ALJ’s

finding. See Foote v. Chater, 67 F.3d 1553, 1562 (11th Cir. 1995) (“A clearly

articulated credibility finding with substantial supporting evidence in the record

will not be disturbed by a reviewing court.”).

      As a final matter, we decline to consider the additional evidence that

Draughon submitted in his appendix for the first time on appeal—consisting of

medical statements from various doctors dated after issuance of the ALJ’s

decision—because the evidence is not part of the certified administrative record.

See Wilson v. Apfel, 179 F.3d 1276, 1278–79 (11th Cir. 1999) (explaining that our


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review of evidence is limited to the certified record, such that we will not review

evidence submitted for the first time in an appendix to an appellant’s brief).

Moreover, Draughon has not argued that this new evidence requires remand to the

ALJ, and therefore any claim that remand is warranted is abandoned. See Timson,

518 F.3d at 874.

III.   CONCLUSION

       For all of the above reasons, we affirm the district court’s order affirming

the Commissioner’s denial of Draughon’s application for supplemental security

income.

       AFFIRMED.




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