                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 16-1238
                              Filed March 22, 2017


IN THE INTEREST OF M.H. and V.H.,
Minor children,

K.H., Father,
       Petitioner-Appellee,

A.H., Mother,
       Respondent-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________


      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Kossuth County, Ann M. Gales,

District Associate Judge.



      The mother appeals from the termination of her parental rights under Iowa

Code chapter 600A. AFFIRMED.



      Pamela A. Wingert of Wingert Law Office, Spirit Lake, for appellant

mother.

      K.H., Wesley, pro se appellee father.



      Considered by Potterfield, P.J., and Doyle and Tabor, JJ.
                                            2


POTTERFIELD, Presiding Judge.

       The mother appeals from the district court’s order terminating her parental

rights to her two children, M.H. and V.H., now ages six and seven, respectively.

The children’s father initiated this action in April 2015.

       We conduct a de novo review of termination proceedings under chapter

600A. See In re C.A.V., 787 N.W.2d 96, 99 (Iowa Ct. App. 2010). We defer to

the factual findings of the district court, especially witness-credibility findings, but

we are not bound by them. See In re G.A., 826 N.W.2d 125, 127 (Iowa Ct. App.

2012). In termination proceedings, the best interests of the children involved are

“the paramount consideration,” but we also give “due consideration” to the

interests of the children's parents.       See Iowa Code § 600A.1 (2015).             The

termination findings must be based on clear and convincing proof. Iowa Code

§ 600A.8.

       Following a two-day hearing in September 2015, the court terminated the

mother’s parental rights pursuant to Iowa Code section 600A.8(3)(b) 1 and (9).2


1
  Iowa Code section 600A.8(3)(b) allows the court to terminate the rights of a parent if it
finds the parent has abandoned the child. It states, in part:
                If the child is six months of age or older when the termination
        hearing is held, a parent is deemed to have abandoned the child unless
        the parent maintains substantial and continuous or repeated contact with
        the child as demonstrated by contribution toward support of the child of a
        reasonable amount, according to the parent’s means, and as
        demonstrated by any of the following:
                (1) Visiting the child at least monthly when physically and
        financially able to do so and when not prevented from doing so by the
        person having lawful custody of the child.
                (2) Regular communication with the child or with the person
        having the care or custody of the child, when physically and financially
        unable to visit the child or when prevented from visiting the child by the
        person having lawful custody of the child.
                (3) Openly living with the child for a period of six months within the
        one-year period immediately preceding the termination of parental rights
                                             3


On appeal, the mother only challenges the court’s determination there was clear

and convincing evidence to terminate her rights under section 600A.8(3)(b).

Because the mother does not challenge the statutory grounds pursuant to

section 600A.8(9), she has waived any claim of error regarding that statutory

ground for termination. See Hyler v. Garner, 548 N.W.2d 864, 870 (Iowa 1996)

(“[O]ur review is confined to those propositions relied upon by the appellant for

reversal on appeal.”); see also In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d489, 492 (Iowa 2000) (“We

have long recognized an appellant must identify alleged error on appeal.”). Thus,

we find the statutory grounds for terminating have been met pursuant to section

600A.8(9). See In re Voeltz, 271 N.W.2d 719, 723 (Iowa 1978) (“If one of these

grounds is established by clear and convincing evidence the termination will be

upheld.”).

       Next, we consider whether the termination of the mother’s parental rights

is in the children’s best interests. See In re J.L.W., 523 N.W.2d 622, 625 (Iowa

Ct. App. 1994) (“Once we determine a ground for termination under 600A.8 has

been established by clear and convincing evidence, we must next determine

whether it is in the child[ren]’s best interests to order termination of parental

rights.”). In doing so, we give “due consideration” to the mother's interests. See

Iowa Code § 600A.1.



         hearing and during that period openly holding himself or herself out to be
         the parent of the child.
Iowa Code § 600.8(3)(b)(1)–(3).
2
  The court may terminate a parent’s rights pursuant to Iowa Code section 600A.8(9) if
there is clear and convincing evidence “[t]he parent has been imprisoned for a crime
against the child, the child’s sibling, or another child in the household, or the parent has
been imprisoned and it is unlikely that the parent will be released from prison for a period
of five or more years.”
                                            4


       In August 2012, both children were in the car when the mother, while

intoxicated, purposely ran over the father’s foot with the vehicle.3 As a result, the

mother received a one-year suspended sentence and lost her driving privileges.4

The sentence was later imposed after the mother’s probation officer filed a report

of probation violation based on multiple driving-while-revoked charges.               The

probation officer added three addendums to the report, the first after the mother

was charged with possession of methamphetamine on October 18, 2013; the

second after the mother intentionally hit her then-boyfriend with a vehicle on

November 10; and the third after the mother arrived to a meeting with her

probation officer—two and a half hours late—intoxicated on December 26.

       Due in part to the father’s interference with the mother’s relationship with

the children, but largely due to the mother’s continued poor choices, the mother

has not seen the children since Christmas Day, 2013, and she has not spoken to

them since September 23, 2014.5            According to the district court, between

August 2012 and June 2015, the mother was “convicted of a total of eleven

misdemeanor crimes, including five aggravated misdemeanors, four serious

misdemeanors, and two simple misdemeanors. [The mother] received at least

twelve additional misdemeanor charges which were dismissed as part of plea


3
   Although the mother denied purposely attempting to hit or run over the father, the
police report from the incident includes the statement of an eyewitness, claiming, in part,
“I heard yelling outside went outside saw couple in green jeep in vehicle yelling at each
other. She yelled ‘get out’ he did and walked around to driver side past vehicle and from
a dead stop the driver (female) took off trying to run over man and hit him with car.”
4
  The mother has not had a valid license since, and she testified it would be suspended
“for more than a couple years.”
5
   The mother had somewhat regular visitation with the children between August 17,
2012, and her incarceration January 1, 2014. She often spoke to the children on the
phone while she was incarcerated from January 1 to September 23, 2014, but she has
not had any contact with the children since then.
                                           5


agreements.”    Between August 2012 and the September 2015 termination

hearing, the mother was in and out of jail at least fifteen times, for a total period

of incarceration of approximately 360 days.

       At the time of the termination hearing, the mother was living with a new

boyfriend who had been hospitalized more than once for mental-health issues in

the two months before the termination hearing. The man had also just been

arrested for harassment involving his estranged wife. The mother denied having

ever used illegal drugs and denied having an issue with alcohol. However, as

the district court noted, the mother was arrested for possession of

methamphetamine, and at the time she was arrested, she admitted to officers

that she had used the substance within two days. The mother had shown up late

to her probation meeting while drunk, and both the father and the paternal

grandmother testified the mother had shown up for visits with the children

appearing to be intoxicated a few times.

       We acknowledge the father restricted the mother’s chances to see or be

part of the children’s lives as he saw fit. But the mother took no actions to

overcome the restrictions. Although her parents hired her an attorney to pursue

a court-ordered custody agreement, the custody case was ultimately dismissed.

From the record before us, it appears the mother failed to communicate with her

attorney—possibly due in part to repeated stints in jail. Additionally, a number of

the father’s conditions are not unreasonable. He had concerns the mother was

living with an abusive boyfriend—a fact the mother repeatedly shared on social

media, including bruises she claimed were a result of abuse.          He was also

concerned about the mother’s drug and alcohol use. Finally, he had concerns
                                          6


the mother would take the children out of the country if she was given time alone

with them—also based on a number of threats the mother made on social media.

       While the father is not blameless, the mother has not been part of these

young children’s lives for a number of years. According to the guardian ad litem

(GAL), both children expressed to her that they do not want to see their mother.

The GAL recommended that the mother’s rights be terminated, noting that the

mother has “put her own interests and desires ahead of her children” and

questioning whether the children would be safe with the mother “due to her

history of violence against ex-boyfriends, substance abuse, criminal record, and

poor decision-making in general.”      And as the GAL noted, the children were

doing well in the father’s care.

       Based on our de novo review of the record, termination of the mother’s

parental rights is in the best interests of the children. Thus, we affirm the district

court’s order.

       AFFIRMED.
