      IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE STATE OF WASHINGTON


SVETLANA MUZYCHUK,                            )         No. 79262-8-I
                                              )
                   Respondent,                )         DIVISION ONE

            v.                                )         UNPUBLISHED OPINION
                                              )
VASYLTYSHKOV,                                 )
                                              )
                   Appellant.
                                              )         FILED: February 24, 2020

      ANDRUS, J.   —   Vasyl Tyshkov challenges the trial court’s order that he failed

to comply with an order to surrender weapons issued in connection with a domestic

violence protection order (DVPO). We affirm.

                                       FACTS

      Following an incident at Tyshkov’s home on July 11, 2018, Svetlana

Muzychuk, Tyshkov’s ex-spouse, filed a petition for a DVPO.           In the petition,

Muzychuk alleged that Tyshkov owned or possessed a firearm, and she requested

that the court require Tyshkov to “surrender any firearm or other dangerous

weapon, or any concealed pistol license, and prohibit [Tyshkov} from obtaining or

possessing a firearm or other dangerous weapon, or a concealed pistol license.”

      On July 12, 2018, the court entered an ex parte order requiring Tyshkov to

“immediately surrender (turn in) all firearms and other dangerous weapons in your
No. 79262-8-112

possession or control.” Tyshkov filed a proof of surrender, stating that on July 18,

2018, he surrendered an SR 357 BB Pistol serial number 16D24470 to the City of

Puyallup Police Department.

       The court granted Muzychuk’s petition on August 16,2018, issuing a DVPO

and an order requiring Tyshkov to surrender any firearms. The court set a review

hearing for September 12, 2018, to determine Tyshkov’s compliance with the

weapons surrender order. Before the hearing, Tyshkov filed a declaration of non

surrender, certifying that as of July 18, 2018, he had turned in all items covered by

the order.

       In response, Muzychuk’s counsel submitted a declaration with photos of the

BB gun Tyshkov turned in to the police. Muzychuk submitted a declaration with

three photos of Tyshkov holding various guns (Photos 1, 3, and 4) and a photo of

a revolver resting on a table (Photo 2).       She identified Photo 1, taken on

May 10, 2015, as depicting Tyshkov holding a revolver resembling the

surrendered BB gun. She identified Photo 2, also taken on May 10, 2015, as

depicting “the same revolver [as Photo 1, this time] on his kitchen table with a

baseball cap and a beer bottle.” This gun also resembled the surrendered BB gun,

but had a different serial number in a different location.     Muzychuk identified

Photo 3, dated April 22, 2015, as a picture of Tyshkov reclining with a black pistol

resting on his chest. And in Photo 4, Muzychuk testified in her declaration that

Tyshkov was visible holding a rifle. Muzychuk identified the first three photos as

having been saved on Tyshkov’s phone, and the last photo as one she copied from

Tyshkov’s Instagram account, bearing the date of August 10, 2017.


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       Muzychuk declared the gun in Photos 1 and 2 resembled the same gun she

had seen in Tyshkov’s house several times. According to Muzychuk, she saw this

revolver under Tyshkov’s bed on July 11, 2018, and her daughter saw the gun at

Tyshkov’s home several weeks earlier. She testified that the surrendered BB gun

was not the same as the revolver she had seen in Tyshkov’s home.

       At the review hearing, Tyshkov’s counsel stated that Photos 1 and 2 did, in

fact, depict a different gun than the BB gun Tyshkov had surrendered to law

enforcement. But he claimed the weapon belonged to Tyshkov’s close friend,

Vasyl Boyko. He represented that Boyko was present in the courtroom and could

testify “that the weapon has never left his possession or control and the

photographs of that weapon were taken at [his] home in his presence.” Tyshkov

did not call Boyko to testify.

       Tyshkov testified that Boyko owned the gun in Photos 1 and 2. He produced

a receipt confirming Boyko’s purchase of a Ruger in November 2014, and Tyshkov

denied ever having the gun in his home or ever showing it to Muzychuk. He

testified that Photos 1 and 2 were taken at Boyko’s house. According to Tyshkov,

Photo 3 was taken in Ukraine in 2015, and the gun pictured was a plastic BB pistol.

He stated he did not currently own the gun, and he had not transported it from

Ukraine to the United States. He stated that Photo 4, taken in Lincoln, Nebraska,

two years earlier, depicted a plastic BB gun, not a real weapon. According to

Tyshkov, the gun belonged to his cousin’s children, and it had never been present

in Washington. He testified he had never owned a firearm in Washington.




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No. 79262-8-1/4

      The court found by a preponderance of the evidence that Tyshkov had not

complied with the order to surrender weapons.

      Tyshkov moved for reconsideration under CR 59(a)(1), (3), (4), and (7), and

to alter or amend the judgment under CR 59(h), asking the court to make findings

specifying in what way he had not complied with the order to surrender. The court

denied the motion to reconsider, granted the request for clarification, and entered

amended findings. The court found:

      1 .9 Other:

      A. Court finds by a preponderance [of evidence] that [the restrained
      party] has not shown compliance[.]
      B. The restrained party has possessed or controlled at least three
      firearms as shown in his photographs.

      C. The restrained party has not surrendered any of the firearms he
      has controlled or possessed, except a bb pistol surrendered on July
      18, 2018 to the Puyallup Police Department.

      D. A friend of the restrained party apparently purchased a Ruger in
      November 2014. The restrained party possessed and controlled that
      Ruger in 2015 as evidenced by his photograph showing the Ruger
      on restrained party’s kitchen table and his photograph with the
      firearm in the restrained party’s hand, with his finger on the trigger.
      The restrained party held and carried around his house the same
      Ruger on Christmas in 2017, and kept the Ruger under his bed
      where it was seen in May or June 2018 and again on July 11, 2018.

      E. The restrained party did not provide evidence of a lawful transfer
      of the Ruger or any other firearm, as required by RCW 9.41.113.

      F. The restrained party did not possess a concealed pistol license.

      Tyshkov appeals.
                                   ANALYSIS

      Tyshkov challenges finding 1 .9(E) that he did not provide evidence that he

transferred his weapons pursuant to RCW 9.41.113.         He also challenges the

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No. 79262-8-115

court’s conclusion that he failed to comply with the weapons surrender order.1 We

reject both arguments.

         Under RCW 9.41.800(3), when a court issues a DVPO that meets certain

statutory conditions, the court must order the restrained person to surrender all

firearms and other dangerous weapons. Braatz v. Braatz, 2 Wn. App. 2d 889, 895,

897-98, 413 P.3d 612, review denied, 190 Wn.2d 1031, 421 P.3d 445 (2018). A

party ordered to surrender weapons must file “a proof of surrender and receipt

form” within five days of the entry of the order. RCW 9.41 .804. The restrained

party bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of evidence that he has

surrendered all firearms and other dangerous weapons. Braatz, 2 Wn. App. 2d at

898. A proof of surrender, such as Tyshkov filed, serves as prima facie evidence

that the party has complied with the court order. ki. at 898-99. But when the record

contains conflicting evidence, the court must weigh that evidence and determine

whether the restrained party has met his burden of proof. Id. at 899.

        We review challenges to the trial court’s findings in this case for substantial

evidence. j.ç~ “Evidence is ‘substantial’ where it is ‘sufficient to persuade a rational

fair-minded person the premise is true.” ki. (quoting Sunnyside Valley Irrig. Dist.

v. Dickie, 149 Wn.2d 873, 879, 73 P.3d 369 (2003)). We review a trial court’s

denial of a motion for reconsideration for an abuse of discretion. McCallum v.

Allstate Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co., 149 Wn. App. 412, 419-20, 204 P.3d 944 (2009).


1 Muzychuk contends Tyshkov did not properly assign error to the trial court’s findings and

conclusions as required under RAP 10.3(g). We conclude the assignments of error and briefing
are adequate for the court to consider the merits of Tyshkov’s appeal. ~ Daughtrv v. Jet Aeration
Co., 91 Wn.2d 704, 710, 592 P.2d 631 (1979) (“[W]here the nature of the challenge is perfectly
clear, and the challenged finding is set forth in the appellate brief, we will consider the merits of the
challenge.”).

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    No. 79262-8-1/6

           Tyshkov contends the trial court erred in finding that he failed to comply with

    RCW 9.41 .113 because the order entered on August 16, 2018, did not impose this

requirement on him. The pattern form the court used in this case gave the court

two options—to order the restrained party (1) to surrender weapons to law

enforcement; or (2) to transfer the weapons to “[anjother person designated by the

court who is not prohibited from possessing or obtaining any firearms.                      .   .   [and]

other dangerous weapons,            .   .   .   who agrees to comply with the background check

required by ROW 9.41.113                .   .   .   .“   In Tyshkov’s case, the second option was

crossed out. The order required Tyskhov to turn his weapons in to the King County

Sheriff or other local law enforcement. Tyshkov is thus correct that the August

2016 order did not require him to transfer his weapons under ROW 9.41.113.

           But Tyshkov misinterprets the court’s finding regarding ROW 9.41.113.2

The court found that Tyshkov had possessed or controlled three weapons and that

he had not turned these weapons in to law enforcement. And while he claimed

these weapons belonged to someone else, the court found Tyshkov presented no

evidence either that Boyko had lawfully transferred these weapons to Tyshkov or

that Tyshkov had lawfully returned them to their owner, as required by

ROW 9.41 .113. Without this evidence, it was reasonable for the court to find that

Tyshkov still had the weapons in his possession.

          The record contains conflicting evidence regarding Tyshkov’s possession

or control of these three weapons. There was photographic evidence of Tyshkov

holding the firearms—none of which were the BB gun surrendered to authorities.


2    RCW 9.41.113(3) provides that any transfer of a firearm from one person to another (i.e., from
Tyshkov to Boyko) must occur through a licensed firearm dealer.
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No. 79262-8-1/7

According to Muzychuk, she saw at least one of these weapons in Tyshkov’s hand

and under his bed shortly before she sought the DVPO.            And there was no

evidence Tyshkov had lawfully transferred these weapons to someone else.

       Although Tyshkov testified the weapons were never in his possession or

control, the court was free to reject this testimony as not credible.      Local trial

judges, who decide factual domestic relations questions on a regular basis, are

better equipped to weigh the evidence, resolve conflicts, and make credibility

determinations based on affidavits and testimony because they can observe

demeanor and related factors. In re Marriage of Rideout, 150 Wn.2d 337, 351-52,

77 P.3d 1174 (2003) (quoting In re Parentage of Jannot, 149 Wn.2d 123, 126, 65

P.3d 664 (2003)). Credibility determinations are solely for the trier of fact and are

not reviewable on appeal. Morse v. Antonellis, 149 Wn.2d 572, 574, 70 P.3d 125

(2003). The court expressly found Muzychuk credible. We will not disturb this

finding on appeal.

       We conclude there was substantial evidence supporting the court’s finding

that Tyshkov remained in possession of firearms at the time of his compliance

hearing, and this finding supports the court’s conclusion that he failed to comply

with the order to surrender weapons.

       Muzychuk requests an award of attorney fees on appeal.           Washington

courts may only award attorney fees “when doing so is authorized by a contract

provision, a statute, or a recognized ground in equity.” King County v. Vinci Constr.

Grands Projets/Parsons RCl/Frontier-Kem~er, JV, 188 Wn.2d 618, 625, 398 P.3d

1093 (2017). Under RCW 26.50.060(1)(g), a trial court may order the restrained


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No. 79262-8-1/8

person to “reimburse the petitioner for costs incurred in bringing the action,

including reasonable attorneys’ fees.” This statute gives us the discretion to award

attorney fees on appeal to a party who has obtained a protection order under

chapter 26.50 RCW. In re Gourley, 124 Wn. App. 52, 59, 98 P.3d 816 (2004); see

~so Aiken v. Aiken, 187 Wn.2d 491, 506, 387 P.3d 680 (2017). This statute

applies to an appeal of a weapons surrender order issued in conjunction with a

DVPO. RCW 26.50.060(1)(k) (relief available under a DVPO includes an order

requiring the restrained party to surrender weapons). We exercise our discretion

and grant Muzychuk her reasonable attorney fees and costs on appeal, if properly

requested under RAP 18.1(d).

      Affirmed.




WE CONCUR:                                                            V




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