                                                                                     ACCEPTED
                                                                                 13-15-00227-CV
                                                                 THIRTEENTH COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                        CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXAS
                                                                            6/29/2015 3:52:50 PM
                                                                          CECILE FOY GSANGER
                                                                                          CLERK

                         NO. 13-15-00227-CV

         IN THE THIRTEENTH COURT OF APPEALS DISTRICT
                                                 FILED IN
                                          13th COURT OF APPEALS
                CORPUS CHRISTI/EDINBURG, TEXAS
                                      CORPUS   CHRISTI/EDINBURG, TEXAS
                                                   6/29/2015 3:52:50 PM
                               *    *    *          CECILE FOY GSANGER
                                                           Clerk
                       MELDEN & HUNT, INC.

                                                   Appellant

                                   V.

         EAST RIO HONDO WATER SUPPLY CORPORATION,

                                                   Appellee

                      BRIEF OF APPELLANT

                                   ***

GONZALEZ, CHISCANO, ANGULO &             THE LAW OFFICE OF
KASSON, P.C.                             JACQUELINE M. STROH, P.C.
Henry B. Gonzalez III                    Jacqueline M. Stroh
State Bar No. 00794952                   State Bar No. 00791747
hbg@gcaklaw.com                          jackie@strohappellate.com
Jeffrie D. Boysen                        10101 Reunion Place, Suite 600
State Bar No. 24071785                   San Antonio, Texas 78216
jboysen@gcaklaw.com                      (210) 477-7416
613 N.W. Loop 410, Suite 800             (210) 477-7466 (telecopier)
San Antonio, Texas 78216
(210) 569-8500
(210) 569-8490 (telecopier)


        ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT, MELDEN & HUNT, INC.

    APPELLANT RESPECTFULLY REQUESTS ORAL ARGUMENT
                    IDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL

      In accordance with Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 38.1(a), Appellant
presents the following list of all parties to the judgment and their counsel:

1.     Appellant/Defendant Below

       Melden & Hunt, Inc.

2.     Counsel for Appellants

       Henry B. Gonzalez III                                   Trial/Appellate Counsel
       Jeffrie D. Boysen
       Gonzalez, Chiscano, Angulo & Kasson, P.C.
       613 N.W. Loop 410, Suite 800
       San Antonio, Texas 78216

       Jacqueline M. Stroh                                     Appellate Counsel
       The Law Office of Jacqueline M. Stroh, P.C.
       10101 Reunion Place, Suite 600
       San Antonio, Texas 78216

3.     Appellee/Plaintiff Below

       East Rio Hondo Water Supply Corporation1

4.     Counsel for Appellee

       Richard W. Fryer                                        Trial/Appellate Counsel
       Brian J. Hansen
       Fryer & Hansen, PLLC
       1352 West Pecan Boulevard
       McAllen, Texas 78501
       -and-
       Roman “Dino” Esparza
       Esparza & Garza, LLP
       964 E. Los Ebanos

1
  The style of the case does not include “Corporation,” but the body of Plaintiff’s Original
Petition does. (CR 4)


                                             ii
     Brownsville, Texas 78520

5.   Other Defendants Below

     Hawkins & Affiliates, Inc.
     HRM Environmental, LLC
     Greystar EIG, LP, d.b.a Greystar
     Ovivo, USA, LLC

6.   Counsel for Other Defendants Below

     Seth A. Russell
     Andrews Myers, P.C.
     3900 Essex Lane, Suite 800
     Houston, Texas 77027-5109
     Attorneys for Hawkins & Affiliates, Inc. and HRM Environmental, LLC

     Timothy M. McDaniel
     Irelan McDaniel, PLLC
     440 Louisiana Street, Suite 1800
     Houston, Texas 77002
     Attorneys for Greystar EIG, LP, d/b/a Greystar

     E. Michael Rodriguez
     Eduardo R. Rodriguez
     Atlas, Hall & Rodriguez, L.L.P.
     50 W. Morrison Rd., Suite A
     Brownsville, Texas 78521
     -and-
     Gretchen N. Miller
     Greenberg Traurig, L.L.P.
     77 West Wacker Drive, Suite 3100
     Chicago, Illinois 60601
     Attorneys for Ovivo, USA, LLC




                                        iii
                                         TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                                                        Page

IDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL ........................................................... ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ..........................................................................................iv

INDEX OF AUTHORITIES.................................................................................. viii

STATEMENT OF THE CASE ................................................................................ xv

STATEMENT REGARDING JURISDICTION ....................................................xvi

STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT .......................................... xvii

ISSUES PRESENTED......................................................................................... xviii

        Issue No. 1:

        Whether Appellant Melden & Hunt, Inc. is entitled to a dismissal
        with, or without, prejudice of all, or a majority, of the claims asserted
        against it by Appellee East Rio Hondo Water Supply Corporation,
        where Appellee failed to file a certificate of merit in compliance with
        chapter 150 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code.

        East Rio offered the affidavit of Dan Leyendecker as its certificate of
        merit, but the affiant failed to show his competency or knowledge to
        testify and failed to even reference an active engagement in the
        practice of engineering – within the four corners of his affidavit or
        otherwise. Additionally, the affiant failed to address each and every
        theory asserted by East Rio and failed to discuss virtually all of them
        with the specificity required by chapter 150. These defects require
        dismissal of East Rio’s complaint against Melden & Hunt with
        prejudice. At the very least, and without waiving its entitlement to a
        complete dismissal with prejudice, Melden & Hunt remains entitled to
        a dismissal, even if it is without prejudice and even if it is only in part. .. xviii

STATEMENT OF FACTS ........................................................................................ 1



                                                      iv
STATUTORY FRAMEWORK ................................................................................. 2

SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT ........................................................................ 8

ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES ...................................................................... 13

       I.      The Governing Standard of Review Is De Novo................................. 13

       II.     Courts Begin with a Statute’s Plain Language in Any Statutory
               Construction Effort, But Must Construe That Language in
               Context, in Accordance with the Legislative Scheme, and So as
               Not to Render Any Part Thereof Meaningless or Superfluous ........... 14

       III.    While Plaintiff Filed an Affidavit Purporting to Be a Certificate
               of Merit, Its Attempted Certificate Is Insufficient; and the
               Plaintiff’s Claims Must Be Dismissed ................................................ 16

               A.      The Court Is Confined to the Four Corners of the
                       Affidavit in Determining Competency, Qualifications,
                       and Current Practice Status; Regardless, East Rio Offered
                       Nothing Beyond Leyendecker’s Attempted Certificate to
                       Show Compliance ..................................................................... 17

                       1.      Leyendecker Has Not Demonstrated That He is
                               Competent and Qualified to Testify ............................... 20

                               a.       Leyendecker Must Have Tied His Purported
                                        Expertise to the Specific Issues Involved in
                                        East Rio’s Claims ................................................. 20

                               b.       Leyendecker Must Have Offered More Than
                                        Conclusory Assertions of Competency and
                                        Knowledge............................................................ 26

                               c.       Leyendecker’s Affidavit Failed to Satisfy
                                        the Statutory Requirements .................................. 28

                       2.      Leyendecker Has Failed to Demonstrate That He
                               Is Actively Engaged in the Practice of Engineering....... 29



                                                     v
      B.         East Rio Was Required to File a Sufficient Certificate
                 of Merit as to All Claims Asserted against Melden
                 & Hunt, Which It Failed to Do..................................................... 33

               1.       The Applicable Statutory Text Requires the
                        Affiant to Have Addressed Every Theory of
                        Recovery against Melden & Hunt .................................. 33

               2.       A Certificate of Merit Must Set Forth Specifically,
                        for Each Theory of Recovery, the Negligence or
                        Other Action, Error, or Omission and Must State
                        the Factual Basis for Each Such Claim .......................... 34

               3.       Leyendecker’s Affidavit Fails to Address Each
                        Theory as Required by Section 150.002(b) and
                        Wholly Fails to Address Causation ................................ 37

               4.       At the Very Least, Leyendecker’s Equivocation
                        Precludes the Affidavit’s Sufficiency ............................. 42

IV.   Dismissal Must Be of Plaintiff’s Entire Complaint and Must Be
      with Prejudice ...................................................................................... 43

      A.       If the Certificate of Merit Fails to Comply with Chapter
               150 in Any Respect, the Plaintiff’s Entire Complaint
               Must Be Dismissed ................................................................... 43

      B.       Failure to Comply with Section 150.002 Requires
               Dismissal with Prejudice Generally and in the
               Circumstances of This Case ...................................................... 45

               1.       The Statute’s Language Requires Dismissal with
                        Prejudice ......................................................................... 45

               2.       Under the Circumstances of This Case, Dismissal
                        Should Be with Prejudice ............................................... 49

      C.       In the Alternative, Melden & Hunt Preserves Its Right to
               a Dismissal without Prejudice and to a Dismissal at Least
               in Part, While Not Waiving Its Arguments That the Court

                                               vi
                            Has a Mandatory Duty to Dismiss the Entire Complaint
                            with Prejudice ........................................................................... 50

PRAYER .................................................................................................................. 51

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE WITH TYPE-VOLUME
      LIMITATION ............................................................................................ 52

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ................................................................................ 52

APPENDIX ............................................................................................. (A-1 to A-3)

     Order Denying Motion to Dismiss (04/28/2015) ........................................... A-1

     Excerpts from Chapter 150 of the Texas Civil
           Practice and Remedies Code............................................................... A-2

     Excerpts from Chapter 1001 of the Texas
           Occupations Code ............................................................................... A-3




                                                             vii
                                    INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
                                                                                                            Page

CASES
Abutahoun v. Dow Chem. Co.,
 ___ S.W.3d ___, 2015 WL 2147979 (Tex., May 8, 2015) ...................................16

Acker v. Texas Water Comm’n,
 790 S.W.2d 299 (Tex. 1990) ................................................................................23

American Transitional Care Ctrs. of Tex., Inc. v. Palacios,
 46 S.W.3d 873 (Tex. 2001)............................................................................ 13, 19

Benchmark Eng’g Corp. v. Sam Houston Race Park,
 316 S.W.3d 41 (Tex. App. – Houston [14th Dist.] 2010,
 judgm’t vacated w.r.m.) ........................................................................................34
BHP Eng’g & Constr., L.P. v. Heil Constr. Mgmt., Inc.,
 No. 13-13-00206-CV, 2013 WL 9962154
 (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi, Dec. 5, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op.) ..........................22
Bowie Memorial Hosp. v. Wright,
 79 S.W.3d 48 (Tex. 2002).....................................................................................37

Broders v. Heise,
 924 S.W.2d 148 (Tex. 1996) ......................................................................... 22, 23
Bruington Eng’g, Ltd. v. Pedernal Energy, L.L.C.,
 456 S.W.3d 181 (Tex. App. – San Antonio 2014, pet. filed) .................. 27, 46, 47

Burke v. Satterfield,
 525 S.W.2d 950 (Tex. 1974) ................................................................................42

CHCA Woman’s Hosp., L.P. v. Lidji,
 403 S.W.3d 228 (Tex. 2013) ................................................................................14

Christus Spohn Health Sys. Corp. v. Castro,
 No. 13-13-00302-CV, 2013 WL 6576041
 (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi, Dec. 12, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op.) ........................24

City of Dallas v. Abbott,
 304 S.W.3d 380 (Tex. 2010) ................................................................................16


                                                        viii
City of Dallas v. TCI West End, Inc.,
 ___ S.W.3d ___, 2015 WL 2147986 (Tex., May 8, 2015) ...................................25
City of Houston v. Bates,
 406 S.W.3d 539 (Tex. 2013) ................................................................................16

City of Lorena v. BMTP Holdings, L.P.,
 409 S.W.3d 634 (Tex. 2013) ................................................................................44

Columbia Med. Ctr. of Las Colinas, Inc. v. Hogue,
 271 S.W.3d 238 (Tex. 2008) ................................................................................31

Cooper Tire & Rubber Co. v. Mendez,
 204 S.W.3d 797 (Tex. 2006) ................................................................................23

Criterium-Farrell Eng’rs v. Owens,
 248 S.W.3d 395 (Tex. App. – Beaumont 2008, no pet.) ..................................3, 35
Crosstex Energy Servs., L.P. v. Pro Plus, Inc.,
 430 S.W.3d 384 (Tex. 2014) ......................................................................... 15, 21
CTL/Thompson Tex., LLC v. Starwood Homeowner’s Ass’n, Inc.,
 390 S.W.3d 299 (Tex. 2013) ............................................................................3, 27

CTL/Thompson Tex., LLC v. Starwood Homeowner’s Ass’n, Inc.,
 No. 02-11-00160-CV, 2013 WL 3968021
 (Tex. App. – Fort Worth, Aug. 1, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op. on remand) .............45
CTL/Thompson Tex., LLC v. Starwood Homeowner’s Ass’n, Inc.,
 ___ S.W.3d ___, 2015 WL 1407716
 (Tex. App. – Fort Worth, Mar. 26, 2015, pet. filed) .......................... 46, 47, 48, 49

DHM Design v. Morzak,
 No. 05-15-00103-CV, 2015 WL 3823942
 (Tex. App. – Dallas, Jun. 19, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.) ......................................38

Durivage v. La Alhambra Condominium Ass’n,
 No. 13-11-00324-CV, 2011 WL 6747384 (Tex. App. –
 Corpus Christi, Dec. 21, 2011, pet dism’d) (mem. op.) .................... 26, 36, 37, 40
Fitzgerald v. Advanced Spine Fixation Sys., Inc.,
  996 S.W.2d 864 (Tex. 1999) ................................................................................15



                                                      ix
Fleming Foods of Tex., Inc. v. Rylander,
  6 S.W.3d 278 (Tex. 1999).....................................................................................32
Frazier v. GNRC Realty, LLC,
 ___ S.W.3d ___, 2014 WL 4635881
 (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi, Aug. 29, 2014, pet. denied) ............................ 13, 14
Gammill v. Jack Williams Chevrolet, Inc.,
 972 S.W.2d 713 (Tex. 1998) ................................................................................22
Garza v. Carmona,
 390 S.W.3d 391 (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi 2012, no pet.) 34, 35, 36, 38, 41, 51

General Motors Corp. v. Burry,
 203 S.W.3d 514 (Tex. App. – Fort Worth 2006, pet. denied) ..............................23
Glassman v. Goodfriend,
 347 S.W.3d 772 (Tex. App. – Houston [14th Dist. 2011, pet. denied)
 (en banc)................................................................................................................19

Hardy v. Matter,
 350 S.W.3d 329 (Tex. App. – San Antonio 2011, pet. dism’d) .......................3, 19
Helena Chem. Co. v. Wilkins,
 47 S.W.3d 486 (Tex. 2001)...................................................................................15
Hendrick Med. Ctr. v. Conger,
 298 S.W.3d 784 (Tex. App. – Eastland 2009, no pet.) .........................................24
Hong v. Integrated Applications Eng’g, Inc.,
 No. 14-06-00579-CV, 2008 WL 660650
 (Tex. App. – Houston [14th Dist.], Mar. 11, 2008, pet. denied) (mem. op.) .......26

Ibrahim v. Gilbride,
  No. 14-09-00938-CV, 2010 WL 5064430
  (Tex. App. – Houston [14th Dist.] 2010, no pet.).......................................... 26, 27

In re Commitment of Bohannon,
  388 S.W.3d 296 (Tex. 2012) ................................................................................22
In re Jorden,
  249 S.W.3d 416 (Tex. 2008) (orig. proceeding) ..................................................14



                                                             x
Jaster v. Comet II Const., Inc.,
  438 S.W.3d 556 (Tex. 2014) ................................................................................44

Johnson v. Fourth Court of Appeals,
  700 S.W.2d 916 (Tex. 1985) (orig. proceeding) ..................................................49

Landreth v. Las Brisas Council of Co-Owners, Inc.,
 285 S.W.3d 492 (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi 2009, no pet.) ........ 3, 17, 18, 19, 29
Levinson Alcoser Assocs., L.P. v. El Pistolon II, Ltd.,
  No. 13-13-00723-CV, 2015 WL 601983 (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi,
  Feb. 12, 2015, pet. filed) (mem. op.) ............. 18, 22, 23, 35, 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 49

Lexington Ins. Co. v. Strayhorn,
  209 S.W.3d 83 (Tex. 2006)...................................................................................15
McCamish, Martin, Brown & Loeffler v. F.E. Appling Interests,
 991 S.W.2d 787 (Tex. 1999) ................................................................................39
McLaughlin v. Smith,
 105 Tex. 330, 148 S.W. 288 (1912) .....................................................................48
Medina v. Tate,
 438 S.W.3d 583 (Tex. App. – Houston [1st Dist.], Jul. 9, 2013, no pet.) ............19

MobileVision Imaging Servs., L.L.C. v. LifeCare Hosps. of N. Tex., L.P.,
 260 S.W.3d 561 (Tex. App. – Dallas 2008, no pet.) ............................................19
Molinet v. Kimbrell,
 356 S.W.3d 407 (Tex. 2011) ................................................................................14

Nueces County Bail Bond Bd. v. Alkek,
 No. 13-04-00395-CV, 2006 WL 1843516
 (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi, Jul. 6, 2006, no pet.) (mem. op.)............................42

Owens v. Housing Auth. of City of San Antonio,
 No. 12-12-00034-CV, 2013 WL 2286079
 (Tex. App. – Tyler, May 22, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op.) .......................................33

Robert Navarro & Assocs. Eng’g, Inc. v. Flowers Banking Co. of El Paso, LLC,
 389 S.W.3d 475 (Tex. App. – El Paso 2012, no pet.) ..........................................38




                                                       xi
Sauceda v. GMAC Mortg. Corp.,
  268 S.W.3d 135 (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi 2008, no pet.) ...............................40

Savaseniorcare Administrative Servs., L.L.C. v. Cantu,
  No. 04-14-00329-CV, 2014 WL 5352093
  (Tex. App. – San Antonio, Oct. 22, 2014, no pet.) (mem. op.) ............................26

Sharp Eng’g v. Luis,
  321 S.W.3d 748 (Tex. App. – Houston [14th Dist.] 2010, no pet.) .......................3
Southwestern Bell Tel., L.P. v. Emmett,
  459 S.W.3d 578 (Tex. 2015) ................................................................................13

Springer v. Johnson,
  280 S.W.3d 322 (Tex. App. – Amarillo 2008, no pet.) ........................................37
Tenet Hosps., Ltd. v. De La Riva,
  351 S.W.3d 398 (Tex. App. – El Paso 2011, no pet.) ..........................................24
Texas Adjutant General’s Office v. Ngakoue,
  408 S.W.3d 350 (Tex. 2013) ................................................................................46
TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Co. v. Combs,
 340 S.W.3d 432 (Tex. 2011) ................................................................................15

Traxler v. Entergy Gulf States, Inc.,
  376 S.W.3d 742 (Tex. 2012) ................................................................................15

Union Carbide Corp. v. Synatzske,
 438 S.W.3d 39 (Tex. 2014)...................................................................................15

Walker v. Packer,
 827 S.W.2d 833 (Tex. 1992) (orig. proceeding) ..................................................14

Wickware v. Sullivan,
 70 S.W.3d 214 (Tex. App. – San Antonio 2001, no pet.) ....................................48

STATUTES
Act of May 12, 2005, 79th Leg., R.S., ch. 189, § 2,
 2005 Tex. Gen. Laws 348, 348 (amended 2009)....................................................4




                                                      xii
Act of May 18, 2005, 79th Leg., R.S., ch. 208, § 2,
 2005 Tex. Gen. Laws 369, 369-70 (amended 2009) ..............................................4

Act of May 29, 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., ch. 789, § 2,
 2009 Tex. Gen. Laws 1991, 1991-92 (amended 2013) ..........................................4

Act of May 29, 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., ch. 789, §§ 3-4,
 2009 Tex. Gen. Laws 1991, 1992 (amended 2013)........................................ 5, 34

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE chp. 150 (West 2011) ..................................... passim
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.001 (West 2011) .................................... xvii, 4

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.001(1-a) (West 2011) .................................5, 6
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.001(e) (West 2011) ......................................30

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002 (West 2011) ................................... passim
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(a) (West 2011) .............................. passim
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(a)(1) (West 2011)..................................25

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(a)(2) (West 2011)..................................25

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(a)(3) (West 2011)..................................25
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(b) (West 2011) .............................. passim

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(c) (West 2011) ..................... 6, 24, 46, 47

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(e) (West 2011) .............................. passim

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(f) (West 2011) ............................ xv, 8, 48

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE chp. 74 (West 2011) ................ xvii, 9, 13, 19, 21, 25

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.351 (West 2011) ................................ 24, 25, 36

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.351(l) (West 2011) .........................................13

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.351(r)(5) (West 2011) ....................................24

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.401 (West 2011) ...................................... 25, 27



                                              xiii
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.401(a) (West 2011) ................................. 21, 24

TEX. EDUC. CODE § 51.780(d) (West 2012) .............................................................31

TEX. GOV’T CODE § 311.016 (West 2013) ...............................................................48
TEX. INS. CODE § 2210.2551(b) (West Supp. 2015) ................................................31

TEX. OCC. CODE chp. 1001 (West 2012)................................................................. vii

TEX. OCC. CODE § 1001.003 (West 2012) ...............................................................30
TEX. OCC. CODE § 1001.003(b) (West 2012)...........................................................30

TEX. OCC. CODE § 1001.003(c) (West 2012) .......................................................7, 30
TEX. OCC. CODE § 1001.003(c)(11) (West 2012) ............................................. 31, 32

TEX. OCC. CODE § 1001.302(e) (West 2012) ...........................................................31

OTHER AUTHORITIES
HOUSE COMM. ON CIVIL PRACTICES, BILL ANALYSIS,
 Tex. H.B. 4, 78th Leg., C.S. (2003) ........................................................................2

SENATE COMM. ON STATE AFFAIRS, BILL ANALYSIS,
 Tex. H.B. 4, 78th Leg., C.S. (2003) ........................................................................2

RULES
TEX. R. APP. P. 9.4(i) ................................................................................................52

TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(a) .............................................................................................. ii
TEX. R. EVID. 702 .................................................................... xvii, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27




                                                           xiv
                        STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Nature of the Case:   Plaintiff, East Rio Hondo Water Supply, filed suit against
                      Melden & Hunt, Inc., among several others, asserting claims
                      for breach of contract, breach of express and implied
                      warranty, negligence, and negligent misrepresentation based
                      on an assertion that Melden & Hunt, Inc. provided
                      substandard design of the Martha Ann Simpson Water
                      Treatment Plant. (CR 4-18)

Trial court:          The Honorable Migdalia Lopez of the 197th Judicial District
                      Court, Cameron County, Texas. (CR 63)

Trial Court’s
Disposition:          The trial court signed an Order denying Melden & Hunt,
                      Inc.’s Motion to Dismiss on April 28, 2015. (CR 63)
                      Melden & Hunt, Inc. has pursued an interlocutory appeal
                      from that order, which refused to dismiss the Plaintiff’s
                      complaint against it for failure to comply with chapter 150
                      of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. (CR 25-40,
                      63)

Parties in the
Court of Appeals:     The Appellant, Melden & Hunt, Inc., is a Defendant below.
                      Appellee, East Rio Hondo Water Supply Corporation, is the
                      Plaintiff below.

Requested
Disposition from
This Court:           Appellant Melden & Hunt, Inc. requests that the Court
                      reverse the trial court’s order denying their Motion to
                      Dismiss; that the Court render judgment dismissing
                      Plaintiffs’ complaint against Melden & Hunt, Inc. with
                      prejudice, or, in the alternative, without prejudice, either in
                      whole or in part; and that the Court award Melden & Hunt,
                      Inc. its costs on appeal.




                                         xv
                STATEMENT REGARDING JURISDICTION

      This interlocutory appeal is authorized by section 150.002(f) of the Texas

Civil Practice and Remedies Code. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(f)

(West 2011) (“An order granting or denying a motion for dismissal is immediately

appealable as an interlocutory order.”).




                                           xvi
              STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT

      Given the conflict of authority on several important points for purposes of

this appeal, oral argument would be helpful to permit the Court and counsel to

discuss the specific language of chapter 150 of the Texas Civil Practice and

Remedies Code against the backdrop of well entrenched statutory construction

principles. Those principles require the Court to adhere to the plain language but

also to construe that language in context and giving effect to all words chosen by

the Texas Legislature for inclusion in sections 150.001 and 150.002. In that

respect, oral argument would give the Court and counsel a chance to discuss the

competency and knowledge requirements for affiants, including the chapter’s

incorporation of the requirements of Texas Rule of Evidence 702 and its mirror of

certain relevant portions of chapter 74 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies

Code. Likewise, counsel could address the requirement that the affiant be actively

engaged in the practice of engineering and that the affiant set forth specifically and

for each theory of recovery asserted the alleged act or omission and the factual

basis in support of each such claim.       Finally, oral argument would assist in

elucidating the law supporting a construction that requires dismissal with prejudice

when a certificate of merit fails to comply with the mandates of chapter 150.




                                          xvii
                               ISSUE PRESENTED

Issue No. 1:

Whether Appellant Melden & Hunt, Inc. is entitled to a dismissal with, or without,
prejudice of all, or a majority, of the claims asserted against it by Appellee East
Rio Hondo Water Supply Corporation, where Appellee failed to file a certificate of
merit in compliance with chapter 150 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies
Code.

East Rio offered the affidavit of Dan Leyendecker as its certificate of merit, but the
affiant failed to show his competency or knowledge to testify and failed to even
reference an active engagement in the practice of engineering – within the four
corners of his affidavit or otherwise. Additionally, the affiant failed to address
each and every theory asserted by East Rio and failed to discuss virtually all of
them with the specificity required by chapter 150. These defects require dismissal
of East Rio’s complaint against Melden & Hunt with prejudice. At the very least,
and without waiving its entitlement to a complete dismissal with prejudice, Melden
& Hunt remains entitled to a dismissal, even if it is without prejudice and even if it
is only in part.




                                          xviii
                               STATEMENT OF FACTS

       On January 23, 2015, Appellee East Rio Hondo Water Supply Corporation

filed its Original Petition, asserting claims against Melden & Hunt, Inc., among

others. (CR 4-18) In the factual section of their initial pleading, East Rio asserted

that it engaged Melden & Hunt to perform engineering design and project

supervision of its new water treatment plant in 2000. (CR 7)2 It further asserted

that the plant was substantially completed in 2008 and that, thereafter, it observed

problems with the plant’s water quality. (CR 8) It alleged that the problems were

due in part to Melden & Hunt’s design of the water treatment system. (CR 8) East

Rio asserted claims against Melden & Hunt for breach of contract, breach of

express warranty, breach of the implied warranty of good and workmanlike

products, negligence, and negligent misrepresentation. (CR 10-16)

       East Rio attached to its Original Petition an affidavit authored by Dan

Leyendecker, purporting to constitute a certificate of merit in accordance with the

mandate of section 150.002 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. (CR

19-24) Because the certificate of merit failed to satisfy the requirements of section

150.002, Melden & Hunt filed a motion to dismiss, seeking dismissal of East Rio’s

2
  The underlying matter is in its infancy, the initial petition just having been filed in January
2015, with Melden & Hunt’s motion to dismiss being filed shortly thereafter. As a result, the
materials available in the record for a factual recitation are limited. While Melden & Hunt
certainly retains the right to contest the factual allegations contained in East Rio’s pleading,
having filed a general denial subject to its motion to dismiss (CR 38), Melden & Hunt cites to
East Rio’s factual allegations simply to give this Court some context for the circumstances
giving rise to this appeal.


                                               1
complaint against it with prejudice or, in the alternative, without prejudice, either

in whole or in part. (CR 25-40) Specifically, Melden & Hunt explained in its

motion that Leyendecker failed to demonstrate his competency and knowledge,

failed to demonstrate that he is actively engaged in the practice of engineering, and

failed to set forth specifically for each theory of recovery the alleged act or

omission and the factual basis for each such claim.            (CR 25-40)       East Rio

responded, and the trial court held a hearing on April 13, 2015. (CR 41-62; RR)

On April 28, 2015, the trial court signed an Order Denying Melden & Hunt, Inc.’s

Motion to Dismiss. (CR 63) Melden & Hunt timely filed its Notice of Appeal

pursuant to chapter 150 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code on May 14,

2015. (CR 65-67)

                          STATUTORY FRAMEWORK

      The 78th Texas Legislature enacted chapter 150 of the Texas Civil Practice

and Remedies Code in 2003 to provide “for a various corrective measure that will

help . . . reduce the costs of litigation . . . [and] address[] many of the root causes of

the current situation:     non-meritorious lawsuits.”       HOUSE COMM.        ON   CIVIL

PRACTICES, BILL ANALYSIS, Tex. H.B. 4, 78th Leg., C.S. (2003); see also SENATE

COMM.   ON   STATE AFFAIRS, BILL ANALYSIS, Tex. H.B. 4, 78th Leg., C.S. (2003)

(“The authors’ stated intent is to . . . reduce litigation costs. . .”). The requirement

set forth in section 150.002 for the filing of a competent affidavit by a qualified



                                            2
individual furthers that purpose. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002 (West

2011); see also Criterium-Farrell Eng’rs v. Owens, 248 S.W.3d 395, 399 (Tex.

App. – Beaumont 2008, no pet.) (“[T]he purpose of the certificate of merit is to

provide a basis for the trial court to conclude that the plaintiff’s claims have

merit.”); Hardy v. Matter, 350 S.W.3d 329, 334 (Tex. App. – San Antonio 2011,

pet. dism’d) (explaining that the affidavit requirement provides “a vehicle for

dismissal when a claim lacks merit”); Landreth v. Las Brisas Council of Co-

Owners, Inc., 285 S.W.3d 492, 496 (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi 2009, no pet.)

(“Chapter 150 may have been enacted to limit actions against architects and

engineers by ensuring that there is some basis for the lawsuit.”).

      Because     a   competent     and    sufficient     affidavit   must   be   filed

contemporaneously with the filing of the original petition, section 150.002(e) acts

as a “sanction . . . to deter meritless claims and bring them quickly to an end.”

CTL/Thompson Tex., LLC v. Starwood Homeowner’s Ass’n, Inc., 390 S.W.3d 299,

301 (Tex. 2013); see also Sharp Eng’g v. Luis, 321 S.W.3d 748, 753 (Tex. App. –

Houston [14th Dist.] 2010, no pet.) (Sullivan, J., concurring) (“Its ostensible

purpose is to provide a mechanism for the threshold elimination of meritless claims

against certain professional service providers.”).      Since its enactment, chapter

150’s reach has only broadened.




                                          3
      Specifically, the Texas Legislature has amended chapter 150 three relevant

times since it was enacted in 2003. The Texas Legislature has sought to broaden

the chapter’s application in each amendment. So, in 2005, the Texas Legislature

expanded application of chapter 150 to include registered professional land

surveyors, to include allegations of damages brought in arbitration proceedings,

and to apply to claims for damages arising out of the rendition of professional

services (as opposed to allegations only of professional negligence). See Act of

May 12, 2005, 79th Leg., R.S., ch. 189, § 2, 2005 Tex. Gen. Laws 348, 348

(amended 2009); Act of May 18, 2005, 79th Leg., R.S., ch. 208, § 2, 2005 Tex.

Gen. Laws 369, 369-70 (amended 2009). In 2009, the Texas Legislature again

widened the scope of chapter 150 by including registered landscape architects and

expanding the affidavit requirement to set forth “for each theory of recovery for

which damages are sought, the negligence, if any, or other action, error, or

omission of the licensed or registered professional in providing the professional

service.” See Act of May 29, 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., ch. 789, § 2, 2009 Tex. Gen.

Laws 1991, 1991-92 (amended 2013).

      Currently, chapter 150 is comprised of two sections that are most relevant to

this appeal: 150.001 (definitions); and 150.002 (certificate of merit). As related to

this appeal, section 150.001 defines “licensed or registered professional” and the

“practice of engineering.” TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.001 (West 2011).



                                          4
Section 150.002 governs the requirements for the filing of a certificate of merit,

including when the affidavit must be filed, the qualifications of the affidavit’s

author, and the mandatory contents of the affidavit. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE

§ 150.002 (West 2011). Because Plaintiff’s Original Petition was filed on January

23, 2015 (CR 4), the 2009 amendment to chapter 150 of the Texas Civil Practice

and Remedies Code, and specifically to section 150.002, applies here. See Act of

May 29, 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., ch. 789, §§ 3-4, 2009 Tex. Gen. Laws 1991, 1992

(2009 amendment applies to actions commenced after the amendment’s effective

date of September 1, 2009).

      Section 150.002 requires a certificate of merit to be filed “[i]n any action . . .

for damages arising out of the provision of professional services by a licensed or

registered professional.” TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(a) (West 2011).

A “licensed or registered professional” is defined to include a “licensed

professional engineer . . . or any firm in which such licensed or registered

professional practices., including but not limited to a corporation, professional

corporation, limited liability corporation, partnership, limited liability partnership,

sole proprietorship, joint venture, or any other business entity.” TEX. CIV. PRAC. &

REM. CODE § 150.001(1-a) (West 2011).

      The certificate of merit is “an affidavit of a third-party . . . licensed

professional engineer,” which must be filed “with the complaint.” TEX. CIV. PRAC.



                                           5
& REM. CODE § 150.002(a) (West 2011); see also TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE §

150.002(c) (West 2011) (referring to requirement as one of “contemporaneous

filing”).   While section 150.002(c) contains a limited exception to the

contemporaneous filing requirement, it applies only if limitations will expire

within 10 days of filing. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(c) (West 2011).

       The licensed professional engineer who authors the affidavit must also be

“competent to testify,” must “hold the same professional license or registration as

the defendant,” and must be “knowledgeable in the area of practice of the

defendant and offer[] testimony based on the person’s: (A) knowledge; (B) skill;

(C) experience; (D) education; (E) training; and (F) practice.” TEX. CIV. PRAC. &

REM. CODE § 150.002(a) (West 2011). Additionally, the affiant must be “licensed

or registered in this state and actively engaged in the practice of . . . engineering.”

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(a) (West 2011).               The “practice of

engineering” has the meaning assigned by section 1001.003 of the Texas

Occupations Code. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.001(1-a) (West 2011).

       Section 1001.003, in turn, provides that the practice of engineering includes:

(1) consultation, investigation, evaluation, analysis, planning, engineering for

program management, providing an expert engineering opinion or testimony,

engineering for testing or evaluating materials for construction or other

engineering use, and mapping; (2) design, conceptual design, or conceptual design



                                          6
coordination of engineering works or systems; (3) development or optimization of

plans and specifications for engineering works or systems; (4) planning the use or

alteration of land or water or the design or analysis of works or systems for the use

or alteration of land or water; (5) responsible charge of engineering teaching or the

teaching of engineering; (6) performing an engineering survey or study; (7)

engineering for construction, alteration, or repair of real property; (8) engineering

for preparation of an operating or maintenance manual; (9) engineering for review

of the construction or installation of engineered works to monitor compliance with

drawings or specifications; (10) a service, design, analysis, or other work

performed for a public or private entity in connection with a utility, structure,

building, machine, equipment, process, system, work, project, or industrial or

consumer product or equipment of a mechanical, electrical, electronic, chemical,

hydraulic, pneumatic, geotechnical, or thermal nature; (11) providing an

engineering opinion or analysis related to a certificate of merit under Chapter 150,

Civil Practice and Remedies Code; or (12) any other professional service necessary

for the planning, progress, or completion of an engineering service. TEX. OCC.

CODE § 1001.003(c) (West 2012).

      Critically in the context of this case, “[t]he affidavit shall set forth

specifically for each theories of recovery for which damages are sought, the

negligence, if any, or other action, error, or omission of the licensed or registered



                                          7
professional in providing the professional service, including any error or omission

in providing advice, judgment, opinion, or a similar professional skill claimed to

exist and the factual basis for each such claim.” TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE §

150.002(b) (West 2011).         If the plaintiff fails to file an affidavit in accordance

with section 150.002, the trial court “shall” dismiss “the complaint against the

defendant.” TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(e) (West 2011).3 An order

denying a motion for dismissal “is immediately appealable as an interlocutory

order.” TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(f) (West 2011).

                         SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT

       As part of its action for damages arising out of the provision of professional

services by Melden & Hunt, a licensed professional, East Rio must have filed a

certificate of merit in the form of an affidavit, authored by a licensed professional

engineer, contemporaneously with its original complaint.                   Though East Rio

included a certificate of merit, the affidavit’s many substantive defects render it a

nullity and place East Rio in the practical position of having filed nothing at all.

       Section 150.002 is the touchstone for the affidavit’s content, and it requires

an affiant to be competent to testify and have knowledge in the same area of

practice as Melden & Hunt. In other words, as this Court has held, the affidavit
3
 Section 150.002(e) further provides that “[t]his dismissal may be with prejudice.” Id. There is
a conflict of authority, however, regarding whether a dismissal under section 150.002 may be
without prejudice. Appellant Melden & Hunt, Inc. argued below and argues here for a
mandatory dismissal with prejudice and, alternatively, for a dismissal without prejudice. (CR 37-
38)


                                               8
itself must demonstrate that competency and knowledge. In the analogous health-

care context, which also requires the filing of a preliminary report to weed out

claims that have failed to demonstrate some potential merit as a threshold matter,

the affidavit must tie that competency and knowledge to the matters on which the

affiant seeks to opine. In this case, Leyendecker did neither.

      Instead, Leyendecker referenced his position as President and Principal of

LNV Engineering; a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering; his status as a

registered professional engineer; and “23 years of experience in master planning,

detailed design and construction management.” But these simple statements fall

far short of demonstrating competency and knowledge to testify on the subject

matter involved in this case.    The statute’s plain terms require more than an

engineering degree and license in order for an engineer to testify, and conclusory

assertions regarding past general experience do not provide the necessary tie

between the affiant’s qualifications and the topics on which he seeks to opine.

Later, Leyendecker adds an equally conclusory and vague reference to his

“education and experience in the design and analysis of water treatment plants,

including clarifiers, pumps, filters, piping, controls, and chemical feed systems.”

This, too, fails to satisfy chapter 150’s requirements because it omits any

information that would permit a court to gauge the nature and extent of his

education and experience. Again, in the analogous context of chapter 74, courts



                                          9
have held that similar recitations fall short of the information required in a

preliminary expert report and require dismissal.

      Nor does Leyendecker demonstrate an active engagement in the practice of

engineering as required by section 150.002. Again, he cites only his position

within LNV Engineering and his current license; but neither serving as an officer

of LNV nor licensure requires one to be actively practicing engineering. The

Court’s precedent requires that this information appear on the face of the affidavit,

which it does not. Regardless, East Rio never offered any additional information

to demonstrate Leyendecker’s qualifications or active practice.

      Finally, though the applicable version of section 150.002 requires

Leyendecker to have set forth “specifically” and “for each theory of recovery for

which damages are sought” both the alleged act or omission and the factual basis

for each such claim, he wholly omits reference to some theories of recovery and

insufficiently addresses virtually all others. East Rio asserted claims for breach of

express warranty, breach of implied warranty, breach of contract, negligent

misrepresentation, and negligence (including a claim of negligent supervision).

The Court’s precedent – in accord with the statute’s express and plain language –

requires each theory to be addressed separately, independently, and specifically.

      Despite these requirements, Leyendecker wholly omits any reference to East

Rio’s claims for breach of express and implied warranties. Neither the word



                                         10
warranty nor a discussion of the claims’ elements – which, again, this Court’s

precedent requires – appears within the purported certificate of merit. As for East

Rio’s contract claim, Leyendecker simply adopts the negligence allegations by

reference and summarily states that they demonstrate breach, despite the clear

mandate that claims (just like defendants) be addressed independently and

specifically. The affidavit excludes any reference to a contract or to any provisions

that Melden & Hunt purportedly breached. Without a discussion of the factual

basis in support of each such element of East Rio’s breach claim, section 150.002

commands dismissal.

      The same is true for East Rio’s negligent misrepresentation theory. For that

cause of action, Leyendecker offers a single, conclusory paragraph that nowhere

addresses the specific elements of a negligent misrepresentation claim. Rather,

Leyendecker offers only that Melden & Hunt failed to provide all pertinent

information and provided false information. Just what information Melden & Hunt

did or did not provide, readers are left to guess. Conclusory assertions such as

these could never suffice because they could never permit a court to make the

necessary threshold determination. Finally, though Leyendecker spends several

paragraphs of his affidavit discussing East Rio’s negligence claim against Melden

& Hunt, he nowhere mentions or offers any factual basis for a claim of negligent

supervision. Again, this Court has dismissed for just such a failure.



                                          11
        Additionally, though causation is common to all theory asserted by East Rio

against Melden & Hunt, Leyendecker’s affidavit addresses causation in only the

most cursory way despite section 150.002’s specificity requirement. And, finally,

Leyendecker fails to state a sufficient factual basis, where he qualified his

testimony as resting on the information “available” to him.

        Given the defective nature of East Rio’s proffered certificate of merit, the

Court has no choice but to dismiss East Rio’s entire complaint against Melden &

Hunt – the only remedy per the plain terms of section 150.002. Moreover, that

dismissal must be with prejudice because the statute’s terms reference only a

dismissal with prejudice. While some courts have read the provision to permit

either a dismissal with or without prejudice, the provision must be read in the

context of the remainder of chapter 150. Because a dismissal without prejudice

would     frustrate   the   requirement   that   certificates   of   merit   be   filed

contemporaneously with the first-filed petition and would frustrate the limited

exception to that requirement, courts are left with no discretion to do anything but

dismiss with prejudice.

        Regardless, given the time that East Rio has had to obtain an adequate

certificate of merit, as demonstrated by their own pleadings and affidavit, the Court

should exercise any discretion to dismiss with prejudice. In the alternative and




                                          12
without waiving its entitlement to a complete dismissal with prejudice, Melden &

Hunt remains entitled to a dismissal, even if only in part and/or without prejudice.

                      ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES

I.    The Governing Standard of Review Is De Novo

      The Court has held that the standard of review for a trial court’s denial of a

defendant’s motion to dismiss under section 150.002 of the Texas Civil Practice

and Remedies Code is for abuse of discretion. Frazier v. GNRC Realty, LLC, ___

S.W.3d ___, 2014 WL 4635881, *2 (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi, Aug. 29, 2014,

pet. denied). Its adoption stems from the Supreme Court’s application of an abuse

of discretion standard to dismissals under what is now chapter 74 of the Texas

Civil Practice and Remedies Code. See American Transitional Care Ctrs. of Tex.,

Inc. v. Palacios, 46 S.W.3d 873, 877 (Tex. 2001). However, the Palacios Court

relied in part on the discretion given to the trial court to determine whether the

report represented a good faith effort to comply with the expert report requirement.

See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 74.351(l) (West 2011). Chapter 150 permits

no such exercise of discretion. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(e)

(West 2011) (“The Plaintiff’s failure to file the affidavit in accordance with this

section shall result in dismissal of the complaint against the defendant.”); see also

Southwestern Bell Tel., L.P. v. Emmett, 459 S.W.3d 578 (Tex. 2015) (“The use of

the word ‘shall’ evidences the mandatory nature of the duty imposed.”).



                                          13
      Regardless, because this appeal involves questions of statutory construction,

the standard of review is unquestionably de novo. Frazier, 2014 WL 4635881, at

*2. (“To the extent we analyze statutory construction, however, our standard of

review is de novo. . . . ‘Once we determine the statute’s proper construction, we

must then decide whether the trial court abused its discretion in applying the

statute.’”); see also Molinet v. Kimbrell, 356 S.W.3d 407, 411 (Tex. 2011) (“We

review issues of statutory construction de novo.”); In re Jorden, 249 S.W.3d 416,

424 (Tex. 2008) (orig. proceeding) (trial court “has no discretion in determining

what the law is or in applying the law to the facts, even if the law is somewhat

unsettled”); Walker v. Packer, 827 S.W.2d 833, 840 (Tex. 1992) (orig. proceeding)

(court abuses its discretion when it fails to correctly analyze or apply the law).

II.   Courts Begin with a Statute’s Plain Language in Any Statutory
      Construction Effort, But Must Construe That Language in Context, in
      Accordance with the Legislative Scheme, and So as Not to Render Any
      Part Thereof Meaningless or Superfluous

      The primary function and goal of appellate courts in construing statutes is to

ascertain and give effect to the Legislature’s intent. CHCA Woman’s Hosp., L.P. v.

Lidji, 403 S.W.3d 228, 231 (Tex. 2013). In order to ensure that the process used to

determine that intent is both logical and predictable, the Supreme Court has

formulated guidelines and principles governing courts in their statutory

construction efforts. According to those principles, a statute’s plain language is of

paramount importance. Helena Chem. Co. v. Wilkins, 47 S.W.3d 486, 493 (Tex.

                                           14
2001) (courts begin with statute’s plain language); see also Traxler v. Entergy Gulf

States, Inc., 376 S.W.3d 742, 747 (Tex. 2012) (characterizing resort to statute’s

plain language as “cardinal rule”); Lexington Ins. Co. v. Strayhorn, 209 S.W.3d 83,

85 (Tex. 2006) (when courts are faced with issues of statutory construction, they

necessarily begin with the statute’s words).

      Beginning with a statute’s plain language enforces the justifiable assumption

that the Legislature said what it meant and meant what it said; thus, courts

understandably consider the statute’s words to be the surest guide to the legislative

intent. Fitzgerald v. Advanced Spine Fixation Sys., Inc., 996 S.W.2d 864, 865-66

(Tex. 1999). However, courts do not review individual provisions in isolation but

consider the statute as a whole. TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Co. v. Combs, 340

S.W.3d 432, 439 (Tex. 2011).        Courts presume the Legislature selected the

statute’s language with care, choosing each word for a purpose and purposefully

omitting words not chosen. Id. As a result, courts avoid adopting an interpretation

that “renders any part of the statute meaningless.” Crosstex Energy Servs., L.P. v.

Pro Plus, Inc., 430 S.W.3d 384, 390 (Tex. 2014); see also Union Carbide Corp. v.

Synatzske, 438 S.W.3d 39, 55 (Tex. 2014) (“[W]e presume the Legislature does not

impose meaningless requirements as part of its lawmaking function.”).

      In determining a word’s meaning as used in a statute, courts draw from the

context in which it is used. TGS-NOPEC, 340 S.W.2d at 441. In the absence of a



                                          15
statutory definition, courts give words their common meaning. City of Dallas v.

Abbott, 304 S.W.3d 380, 393 (Tex. 2010). In that effort, courts endeavor to

construe words consistent with the overall legislative scheme of which the statute

under review is a part. City of Houston v. Bates, 406 S.W.3d 539, 547 (Tex. 2013).

Courts are permitted to consider laws on similar subjects and the construction of

those analogous enactments. Abutahoun v. Dow Chem. Co., ___ S.W.3d ___, 2015

WL 2147979, *5 (Tex., May 8, 2015).

III.   While Plaintiff Filed an Affidavit Purporting to Be a Certificate of
       Merit, Its Attempted Certificate Is Insufficient; and the Plaintiff’s
       Claims Must Be Dismissed

       East Rio acknowledged in its Original Petition that Melden & Hunt qualifies

as a “licensed or registered professional,” that its action was one for damages

arising out of the provision of professional services by Melden & Hunt, and that

chapter 150 required it to file a certificate of merit in support of its claims against

Melden & Hunt. (CR 5, 7-10, 13-14) Any affidavit filed pursuant to section

150.002 must be authored by one competent to testify, who is knowledgeable in

the area of practice of the defendant, and who offers testimony based on the

person’s knowledge, skill, experience, education, training, and practice. TEX. CIV.

PRAC. & REM. CODE 150.002(a) (West 2011). Additionally, as noted above, the

affidavit “shall set forth specifically for each theory of recovery for which damages

are sought, the negligence, if any, or other action, error, or omission of the licensed



                                          16
or registered professional in providing the professional service, including any error

or omission in providing advice, judgment, opinion, or a similar professional skill

claimed to exist.” Id. at § 150.002(b). Along with that information, the affiant

must state “the factual basis for each such claim.” Id. Finally, the affiant must be

“actively engaged in the practice of . . . engineering.” Id. The affidavit of Dan

Leyendecker, P.E. fails to satisfy these prerequisites and is insufficient to comply

with the mandates of section 150.002.

      A.     The Court Is Confined to the Four Corners of the Affidavit in
             Determining Competency, Qualifications, and Current Practice
             Status; Regardless, East Rio Offered Nothing Beyond
             Leyendecker’s Attempted Certificate to Show Compliance

      Turning to the affiant’s competency and qualifications to testify, the Court is

limited to the information appearing on the face of Leyendecker’s affidavit in

determining whether Leyendecker is competent to testify; is knowledgeable in the

area of practice of Melden & Hunt; offers the requisite testimony based on his

knowledge, skill, experience, education, training, and practice; and is actively

engaged in the practice of engineering. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE §

150.002(a), (b) (West 2011). This Court has held that trial courts, in determining

whether an affidavit offered pursuant to section 150.002 actually satisfies the

statutory requirements, are confined to the four corners of the originally filed

affidavit. Landreth v. Las Brisas Council of Co-Owners, Inc., 285 S.W.3d 492,

498-99 (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi 2009, no pet.).

                                         17
       Specifically, the Landreth court recognized that section 150.002 requires

certain initial criteria to be met with regard to the affiant’s qualifications, including

that the affiant be a registered engineer, be registered in Texas, be actively engaged

in the practice of engineering, and be knowledgeable in the defendant’s area of

practice. Landreth, 285 S.W.3d at 498 (dealing with architects)4; see also TEX.

CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(a), (b) (West 2011) (containing current

requirements for engineers). After recognizing those requirements, Landreth held

that their satisfaction must appear on the face of the initially filed affidavit and that

courts cannot look to other materials and cannot consider information contained in

supplemental or amended affidavits. Landreth, 285 S.W.3d at 499-500.

       Melden & Hunt acknowledges the Court’s recent decision in Levinson

Alcoser Assocs., L.P. v. El Pistolon II, Ltd., No. 13-13-00723-CV, 2015 WL

601983, *3 (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi, Feb. 12, 2015, pet. filed) (mem. op.), in

which the Court held that an expert need not state or establish his knowledge or

qualifications within the confines of the certificate of merit – though that case did

not cite to or distinguish the earlier Landreth decision. Based on the principles of

horizontal stare decisis, the Levinson panel was bound by the prior holding of

another panel of Thirteenth Court in Landreth absent an intervening, on point, and


4
  Landreth addressed the 2005 version of the statute, which required that the affiant practice in
the same area as the defendant, whereas the current version of section 150.002 requires only that
the affiant be knowledgeable in the area of the defendant’s practice.


                                               18
contrary holding from a higher court or the Thirteenth Court sitting en banc.

Glassman v. Goodfriend, 347 S.W.3d 772, 781 (Tex. App. – Houston [14th Dist.

2011, pet. denied) (en banc); see also Medina v. Tate, 438 S.W.3d 583, 588-89

(Tex. App. – Houston [1st Dist.], Jul. 9, 2013, no pet.) (same); MobileVision

Imaging Servs., L.L.C. v. LifeCare Hosps. of N. Tex., L.P., 260 S.W.3d 561, 566

(Tex. App. – Dallas 2008, no pet.) (same).

      No intervening decision of either the Supreme Court of the United States,

the Supreme Court of Texas, or the Thirteenth Court en banc has held contrary to

the earlier decision in Landreth. As such, Landreth governs here; requires the

Court to confine its review to the four corners of Leyendecker’s affidavit; and

mandates dismissal. See also American Transitional Care Ctrs. of Tex., Inc. v.

Palacios, 46 S.W.3d 873, 878 (Tex. 2001) (holding that the only information

relevant to the sufficiency of expert report offered under chapter 74 is found

“within the four corners of the document”); see also Hardy v. Matter, 350 S.W.3d

at 334-35 (Hilbig, J., concurring) (“I write separately because I disagree with the

majority’s interpretation of the legal requirements for the ‘certificate of merit’ that

must be filed contemporaneously with a lawsuit against certain licensed or

registered professionals. . . . I believe the statute is not ambiguous and clearly

requires the certificate or affidavit include the affiant’s licensure, area of practice,

and competency to testify.”).



                                           19
      Regardless, while East Rio argued to the trial court below that it could look

beyond the four corners of Leyendecker’s affidavit, East Rio offered nothing

beyond that affidavit. It attached no supplemental proof to its response, nor did it

offer any testimony at the hearing on Melden & Hunt’s motion – even assuming it

would have been appropriate for East Rio to have done either. (CR 41-62; RR)

Satisfaction of the statutory requirements must, at the very least, appear somewhere

in the record.   Given that East Rio offered nothing more than Leyendecker’s

certificate of merit, the affidavit itself must demonstrate compliance. As a result,

because Leyendecker’s initially filed affidavit fails to demonstrate on its face all

requirements of section 150.002, chapter 150 requires dismissal of East Rio’s

complaint against Melden & Hunt.

            1.     Leyendecker Has Not Demonstrated That He is Competent
                   and Qualified to Testify

                   a.    Leyendecker Must Have Tied His Purported
                         Expertise to the Specific Issues Involved in East Rio’s
                         Claims

      Section 150.002 requires any affiant providing a certificate of merit under

chapter 150 to be “competent to testify,” to be “knowledgeable in the area of

practice of the defendant,” and to offer testimony based on the affiant’s

“knowledge, skill, experience, education, training, and practice” – a virtual

reproduction of the predicate for expert testimony established by Texas Rule of

Evidence 702. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(a), (b) (West 2011); TEX.

                                         20
R. EVID. 702. The requirements are also similar to those contained in chapter 74 of

the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code for the preliminary expert report

required in the context of health care liability claims. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM.

CODE § 74.401(a) (West 2011) (person, in order to qualify as expert witness on

whether physician departed from accepted standards of medical care must be

physician who is practicing medicine; “has knowledge of accepted standards of

medical care for the diagnosis, care, or treatment of the illness, injury, or condition

involved in the claim”; and “is qualified on the basis of training or experience to

offer an expert opinion regarding those accepted standards of medical care”).

      Not only has the Supreme Court sanctioned, as a general matter, consultation

of similar statutory text to provide meaning to a statute under review, but the

Supreme Court has done so in the very context of the preliminary affidavit

requirements of chapters 74 and 150. See Crosstex Energy Servs., L.P. v. Pro Plus,

Inc., 430 S.W.3d 384, 389 (Tex. 2014) (looking to chapter 74 for assistance in

construing extension provision in chapter 150). Given the similarities between the

two statutory schemes in terms of expert qualifications for those who author

preliminary affidavits, courts should look to cases addressing the requisite

qualifications for experts generally and specifically for authors under chapter 74

when evaluating the sufficiency of certificates of merit filed under chapter 150.




                                          21
      Well established Texas law provides that credentials alone do not qualify an

expert to testify, and an engineering license does not automatically qualify the

holder to testify as an expert on every engineering question. See, e.g., In re

Commitment of Bohannon, 388 S.W.3d 296, 304-05 (Tex. 2012); see also Gammill

v. Jack Williams Chevrolet, Inc., 972 S.W.2d 713, 719 (Tex. 1998) (stating that

expert must “truly have expertise concerning the actual subject about which they

are offering an opinion”).    Thus, not only must a witness have a sufficient

background in a particular field, but the witness must tie that background to the

very matter on which the witness offers an opinion. Broders v. Heise, 924 S.W.2d

148, 153 (Tex. 1996). In other words, the affiant must “establish that the expert

has ‘knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education’ regarding the specific

issue before the court which would qualify the expert to give an opinion on that

particular subject.” Id. (emphasis added).

      Some courts have held that an affiant need not be qualified in sub-

specialities of engineering in order to testify under section 150.002. See, e.g.,

Levinson, 2015 WL 601983, at **3-4. Rather, they have held an affiant under

section 150.002 qualified if knowledgeable in the defendant’s general area of

practice – in this case, engineering. Id.; but see BHP Eng’g & Constr., L.P. v. Heil

Constr. Mgmt., Inc., No. 13-13-00206-CV, 2013 WL 9962154, *5 (Tex. App. –

Corpus Christi, Dec. 5, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op.) (“Heil’s claims against BHP



                                         22
involve the alleged defective design of the Stab Building, which was intended to

store and convert hazardous waste products. Budinger, a licensed engineer and

registered architect in Texas, has experience designing hazardous material storage

structures. His expertise also includes failure analysis and determining the cause

and origin of structure failure.”).

       To the extent Levinson rejected the general requirements that an expert be

competent and qualified to testify about the subject matter in question (which is

what section BHP and section 150.002 require), the Court erred. See also, e.g.,

Cooper Tire & Rubber Co. v. Mendez, 204 S.W.3d 797, 806-07 (Tex. 2006)

(proper qualifications sometimes require an expert to have experience in a

subspecialty); see also General Motors Corp. v. Burry, 203 S.W.3d 514, 526 (Tex.

App. – Fort Worth 2006, pet. denied) (“General experience in a specialized field is

insufficient to qualify a witness as an expert.”). By requiring that the affiant be

knowledgeable in the defendant’s area of practice and by enacting chapter 150

against the backdrop of Texas law governing expert qualifications, the Legislature

necessarily meant to tie that knowledge to the defendant’s practice in a given case.

      The Legislature is presumed to have enacted a statute with complete

knowledge of the existing law and with reference to it. Acker v. Texas Water

Comm’n, 790 S.W.2d 299, 301 (Tex. 1990). The requirements set forth in Broders

and other case law for competent expert testimony apply to expert testimony



                                         23
generally and to testimony given under section 74.351 of the Texas Civil Practice

and Remedies Code, which contains a similar report requirement to that of section

150.002. Indeed, section 150.002 tracks both the language of Rule 702 as well as

the requirements for the competency of expert testimony as set forth in chapter 74

– making case law interpreting those provisions relevant here. Compare TEX. CIV.

PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(b), (c) (West 2011) with TEX. R. EVID. 702 and

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE §§ 74.401(a), 74.351(r)(5) (West 2011); see also,

e.g., Christus Spohn Health Sys. Corp. v. Castro, No. 13-13-00302-CV, 2013 WL

6576041, *4 (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi, Dec. 12, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op.)

(“Spohn does not dispute that du Bois is an expert in the field of nursing home care

and Dr. Starer is an expert in the field of geriatrics and nursing home care, or that

these fields regularly involve the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers.

Rather, Spohn argues that neither expert is practicing or has otherwise relevant

experience in ICU/trauma care, which is the relevant field of practice in this case.

We agree.”); Tenet Hosps., Ltd. v. De La Riva, 351 S.W.3d 398, 406-07 (Tex. App.

– El Paso 2011, no pet.) (holding that board certified ob-gyn was not qualified to

opine on pediatric neurological injuries); Hendrick Med. Ctr. v. Conger, 298

S.W.3d 784, 788-89 (Tex. App. – Eastland 2009, no pet.) (holding that emergency

room physician who was board certified in internal medicine did not demonstrate

“any familiarity, training, or experience that would allow him to opine as to the



                                         24
standard of care in formulating policies and procedures at the hospital level in the

ICU” and therefore his expert report was deficient).

      Moreover, if all that the Legislature meant for section 150.002 to require

was that the author of a certificate of merit be an engineer, then the Legislature

could have ended the competency requirements of section 150.002(a) without

listing additional requirements in subsections (1), (2), and (3) – again,

requirements that mirror those of Rule 702 and of section 74.401 (as incorporated

into section 74.351). At the very least, the Legislature could have done away with

(1) and (3); holding the same professional license or registration as the defendant

would necessarily imply some knowledge of engineering. But the Supreme Court

has admonished courts tasked with statutory construction to give effect to all words

used in the statute under review and to “eschew constructions of a statute that

render any statutory language meaningless or superfluous.” City of Dallas v. TCI

West End, Inc., ___ S.W.3d ___, 2015 WL 2147986, *3 (Tex., May 8, 2015). As a

result, the competency requirement of section 150.002(a)(1) and the knowledge

requirement of section 150.002(a)(3) must mean something more than general

knowledge in the area of engineering.         Rather, in accord with principles of

statutory construction, decades of precedent construing Rule 702 and chapter 74,

and the plain language of section 150.002 itself, Leyendecker had to have

demonstrated knowledge to opine on the specific issues involved in this case.



                                         25
                   b.     Leyendecker Must Have Offered More Than
                          Conclusory Assertions of Competency and Knowledge

      Not only must Leyendecker be knowledgeable in defendant’s area of

practice at issue here, but Leyendecker must have provided sufficient information

for the trial court to determine his qualifications. Conclusory assertions do not

comply with section 150.002. See, e.g., Savaseniorcare Administrative Servs.,

L.L.C. v. Cantu, No. 04-14-00329-CV, 2014 WL 5352093, *3 (Tex. App. – San

Antonio, Oct. 22, 2014, no pet.) (mem. op.) (“Although Dr. Vallejo-Manzur asserts

that he is familiar with the usual standard of care for a facility such as Retama

Manor, nothing in his report or in his curriculum vitae reveals how he became

familiar with this standard of care”), citing Ibrahim v. Gilbride, No. 14-09-00938-

CV, 2010 WL 5064430, **6-8 (Tex. App. – Houston [14th Dist.] 2010, no pet.)

(expert was not qualified to render expert opinion when his report and curriculum

vitae failed to describe how he acquired sufficient knowledge, skill, experience,

training or education to opine on accepted standard of care); Hong v. Integrated

Applications Eng’g, Inc., No. 14-06-00579-CV, 2008 WL 660650, *4 (Tex. App. –

Houston [14th Dist.], Mar. 11, 2008, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (“An expert opinion

is conclusory when it offers an opinion with no factual substantiation.”).

      Melden & Hunt acknowledges the Corpus Christi Court of Appeals’

decision in Durivage v. La Alhambra Condominium Ass’n, No. 13-11-00324-CV,

2011 WL 6747384, *2 (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi, Dec. 21, 2011, pet dism’d)

                                          26
(mem. op.), in which the Court permitted conclusory recitations as to

qualifications. In doing so, the Court wrongly observed that nothing in section

150.002 requires the affidavit to comply with the rules of evidence – though that is

precisely what section 150.002(a) does by incorporating the very requirements of

Rule 702 into its text. Moreover, courts that have addressed satisfaction of section

74.351’s requirements have required affiants to do more than track the language of

section 74.401 or offer conclusory assertions of qualification. Ibrahim, 2010 WL

5064430, at *8. Rather, the expert must go further and explain how he acquired, or

the extent of, his experience and familiarity with the issues on which he opines. Id.

This is so, despite that section 74.401 and section 150.002 contain virtually

identical competency and knowledge requirements.

      Moreover, if section 150.002 and its requirements of competency and

qualifications are to have any meaning, the affiant must do more than offer bare

conclusions that simply track the statutory language. The Supreme Court of Texas

has noted the purpose of chapter 150 is “to deter meritless claims and bring them

quickly to an end.” CTL/Thompson Tex., LLC v. Starwood Homeowner’s Ass’n,

Inc., 390 S.W.3d 299, 301 (Tex. 2013); see also Bruington Eng’g, Ltd. v. Pedernal

Energy, L.L.C., 456 S.W.3d 181, 186-87 (Tex. App. – San Antonio 2014, pet.

filed) (same).   In order to give effect to those purposes, courts must require

something more than a conclusory recitation of qualifications and/or statutory text.



                                         27
      Without mandating the showing of expertise required in other, analogous

contexts, and without requiring something more than rote repetition of statutory

text, the purposes behind chapter 150 are frustrated. Without that information,

chapter 150 is reduced to a formulaic precondition to litigation, rather than a

vehicle through which meritless claims are brought to a quick resolution, and

courts are hampered in their ability to make that threshold determination. The

affiant must demonstrate his qualifications and competency to testify by providing

specific information regarding his knowledge, skill, experience, education,

training, and practice as tied to the specific issues on which he seeks to testify. Per

section 150.002(a) and Texas law, he must tie that expertise to Melden & Hunt’s

area of practice and the specific issues on which he opines. Such specificity is

required generally, is required in the context of chapter 74 and on the face of

section 150.002, and should be required here.

                    c.    Leyendecker’s Affidavit         Failed    to   Satisfy   the
                          Statutory Requirements

      Given these principles and section 150.002 plain terms, the question

presented is whether Leyendecker demonstrated his competency as required by the

statute. In his affidavit, Leyendecker offered only the following information to

show his competency and knowledge as tied to the practice of Melden & Hunt as

involved in this case: he is the President and Principal of LNV Engineering; has a

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering; is registered as a professional engineer;

                                          28
and has “23 years of experience in master planning, detailed design and

construction management.” (CR 19) Later, Leyendecker prefaces his opinions as

to Melden & Hunt by stating that those opinions are “[b]ased on my education and

experience in the design and analysis of water treatment plants, including clarifiers,

pumps, filters, piping, controls, and chemical feed systems.” (CR 19) That’s it.

      Leyendecker’s reference to nothing more than a bachelor’s degree,

engineering license, and terse reference to his years of experience in the vague

areas of “master planning, detailed design and construction management” do

nothing more than show he is an engineer without tying any of his expertise to that

on which he intends to opine. While the next paragraph makes reference to his

“experience” in connection to water treatment plants, he nowhere details the nature

or extent of that experience – or, indeed, of more general engineering experience –

to enable a court to determine whether he is qualified to testify.           Because

Leyendecker offered nothing but conclusory assertions as to his qualifications and

established nothing more than that he is an engineer, his certificate of merit is

insufficient; and East Rio’s complaint against Melden & Hunt must be dismissed.

             2.    Leyendecker Has Failed to Demonstrate That He Is
                   Actively Engaged in the Practice of Engineering

      Section 150.002(b) also requires that the affiant be “actively engaged” in the

practice of engineering, and Landreth obligates the affiant to include this

information within the four corners of the initially filed affidavit – though, again,

                                          29
East Rio offered nothing more than the affidavit in any event. Leyendecker’s

affidavit recites only that he is the President and Principal of LNV Engineering and

is registered as a professional engineer.     TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE §

150.002(b) (West 2011). He does not even state, in conclusory fashion, that he is

actively engaged in the practice of engineering – though, just as with his

qualifications, this could never be enough to satisfy chapter 150. (CR 19-24)

      In short, Leyendecker nowhere provides any information indicating that he

is actively engaged in the practice of engineering. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM.

CODE § 150.001(e) (West 2011) (explaining that “practice of engineering” has the

meaning assigned by section 1001.003 of the Texas Occupations Code); TEX. OCC.

CODE § 1001.003(b), (c) (West 2012) (defining the “practice of engineering”

generally as “the performance of or an offer or attempt to perform any public or

private service or creative work, the adequate performance of which requires

engineering education, training, and experience in applying special knowledge or

judgment of the mathematical, physical, or engineering sciences to that service or

creative work” and including specific examples). Simply being an officer in a

corporation does not equate with being actively engaged in the practice of

engineering as defined by the Texas Occupations Code – either by virtue of the

general definition of that phrase or the specific examples of engineering practice

set forth in section 1001.003(c). Likewise, simply holding a current registration



                                         30
does not equate with the active practice of engineering. See TEX. OCC. CODE §

1001.302(e) (West 2012) (“A person who has the necessary license qualifications

described by this chapter is eligible for the license regardless of whether the person

is practicing at the time the person applies for the license.”).

      Below, East Rio cited to section 1001.003(c)(11), which includes among the

activities that qualify as the practice of engineering the provision of an engineering

opinion related to a certificate of merit under chapter 150.          But permitting

satisfaction of chapter 150’s active-practice requirement by virtue of the filing of

the affidavit itself would be circular, nonsensical, and absurd. Given that the

phrase “practice of engineering” is used for a whole host of statutes, it is

reasonable to assume that the Legislature could have intended the drafting

certificates of merit to be sufficient for those other provisions. See, e.g., TEX.

EDUC. CODE § 51.780(d) (West 2012); TEX. INS. CODE § 2210.2551(b) (West Supp.

2015). But it would be wholly unreasonable to conclude that the Legislature

defined out the requirement that affiants be actively engaged in the practice of

engineering by permitting those affiants to rely solely on the certificate of merit

itself as evidence of just such practice.

      Again, courts are prohibited from rendering statutory provisions

meaningless. Columbia Med. Ctr. of Las Colinas, Inc. v. Hogue, 271 S.W.3d 238,

256 (Tex. 2008) (“The Court must not interpret the statute in a manner that renders



                                            31
any part of the statute meaningless or superfluous.”). Interpreting a requirement

that an affiant be actively engaged in the practice of engineering – only to conclude

that the affidavit itself satisfies this requirement – would render the requirement a

nullity. Likewise, courts cannot construe statutes to result in absurdities. See

Fleming Foods of Tex., Inc. v. Rylander, 6 S.W.3d 278, 284 (Tex. 1999)

(explaining that adherence to statute’s plain language gives way when enforcing

plain language as written would produce absurd results). Though East Rio offered

section 1001.003(c)(11) as a basis for concluding that Leyendecker is actively

engaged in the practice of engineering, they noted the absurdity that could result

from such an argument. (CR 49) They attempted to avoid them by pointing to

Leyendecker’s activities leading up to the certificate of merit as constituting the

practice of engineering so as to save his affidavit. (CR 50)

      But the circular logic and absurd results remain. If the preparation of the

certificate of merit is insufficient to satisfy section 150.002(b)’s requirement, then

the analysis leading up to that certificate and which resulted in the certificate’s

content fares no better. In either case, the certificate of merit itself would satisfy

the requirement that the affiant be actively engaged in the practice of engineering –

again, leaving litigants and courts alike to wonder why the Legislature bothered

including an active-practice requirement.      Because courts are prohibited from

rendering any part of a statute meaningless or superfluous and because courts must



                                          32
avoid absurd constructions, the simple and obvious answer is that a certificate of

merit could not satisfy the active-practice requirement. Leyendecker failed to set

forth information in his affidavit establishing that he is actively engaged in the

practice of engineering and, thus, failed to comply with the mandates of section

150.002. East Rio’s complaint against Melden & Hunt must be dismissed.

      B.     East Rio Was Required to File a Sufficient Certificate of Merit as
             to All Claims Asserted against Melden & Hunt, Which It Failed
             to Do

             1.    The Applicable Statutory Text Requires the Affiant to Have
                   Addressed Every Theory of Recovery against Melden &
                   Hunt

      As noted previously, the Texas Legislature amended the language of section

150.002 in 2009 to require a certificate of merit to address “for each theory of

recovery for which damages are sought, the negligence, if any, or other action,

error, or omission of the licensed or registered professional in providing the

professional service, including any error or omission in providing advice,

judgment, opinion, or a similar professional skill claimed to exist as well as the

factual basis for each such claim.” TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(b)

(West 2011). Courts interpreting the 2009 amendment have held that section

150.002 applies across the board to any such theory, regardless of the label that the

Plaintiff assigns to the claim. See, e.g., Owens v. Housing Auth. of City of San

Antonio, No. 12-12-00034-CV, 2013 WL 2286079, *4 (Tex. App. – Tyler, May



                                          33
22, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op.); Garza v. Carmona, 390 S.W.3d 391, 394-98 (Tex.

App. – Corpus Christi 2012, no pet.).

      As noted above, Plaintiff’s Original Petition was filed on January 23, 2015,

meaning that the 2009 amendment to chapter 150 of the Texas Civil Practice and

Remedies Code, and specifically to section 150.002, applies here. See Act of May

29, 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., ch. 789, §§ 3-4, 2009 Tex. Gen. Laws 1991, 1992 (2009

amendment applies to actions commenced after the amendment’s effective date of

September 1, 2009). (CR 4) East Rio failed to produce an affidavit that complies

with section 150.002 by addressing every theory of recovery and stating the factual

basis for each; and the trial court erred in refusing to dismiss its complaint against

Melden & Hunt as a result. Because Leyendecker’s affidavit failed to satisfy this

statutory prerequisite for each claim asserted by East Rio against Melden & Hunt,

the complaint should be dismissed.

             2.    A Certificate of Merit Must Set Forth Specifically, for Each
                   Theory of Recovery, the Negligence or Other Action, Error,
                   or Omission and Must State the Factual Basis for Each
                   Such Claim

      The plain meaning of “factual basis” as used in section 150.002 “requires an

affiant to describe the facts giving rise to the claim.” Benchmark Eng’g Corp. v.

Sam Houston Race Park, 316 S.W.3d 41, 47 (Tex. App. – Houston [14th Dist.]

2010, judgm’t vacated w.r.m.).       More than that, this Court has held that the

certificate of merit must include statements that are “clear, positive, and free from

                                          34
inconsistencies, and can be readily controverted with evidence” and must

specifically identify the alleged actions, errors, and/or omissions and how they

deviated from the applicable standard of care. Levinson, 2015 WL 601983, at *5,

citing Garza v. Carmona, 390 S.W.3d 391, 396 (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi 2012,

no pet.) (“A certificate-of-merit affidavit specifically sets forth alleged negligence

when it specifically identifies the actions, errors, and/or omissions that in the

affiant's opinion deviated from the applicable standard of care and caused the harm

for which the plaintiff seeks damages”); Criterium-Farrell Eng’rs v. Owens, 248

S.W.3d 395, 400 (Tex. App. – Beaumont 2008, no pet.) (“[T]he certificate of merit

must necessarily address the applicable standard of care and the defendant’s failure

to meet that standard.”). East Rio acknowledged below that it bore the burden to

identify the actions, errors, and/or omissions that deviated from the applicable

standard of care and caused the harm for which it sought damages, citing to the

Court’s opinion in Garza. (CR 51) But it was wrong in its contention that it

complied with those directives.

      An affidavit fails to comply with section 150.002(b) and fails to set forth a

factual basis for a breach of contract claim when it fails to state any facts regarding

the existence or breach of any contract – or any other theory – in connection with

the specific elements of that claim. Levinson, 2015 WL 601983, at *5 (citing

specific elements of breach of contract action and holding that the affidavit failed



                                          35
to provide any factual basis for the breach of contract claim because it failed to

provide any factual basis for the existence or breach of any contract), citing

Durivage, 2011 WL 6747384, at *4 (certificate of merit attesting to deficiencies in

a project’s roof failed to provide the factual basis for a breach-of-contract claim

“because it does not state any facts regarding the existence or breach of any

contract”); see also Garza, 390 S.W.3d at 397-98 (same). Thus, as part of these

requirements, a certificate of merit, in order to comply with the mandate that it set

forth the factual basis for each claim, must also address causation as an element.

Garza, 390 S.W.3d at 397; see also Durivage, 2011 WL 6757384, at *3.

      To the extent East Rio would point to dicta in Durivage that the requirement

of section 150.002(b) that an affiant show a “factual basis” is less onerous than the

requirement contained in section 74.351 that the affiant provide a fair summary of

the expert’s opinions regarding applicable standards of care, breach, and causation,

East Rio would err. 2011 WL 6747384, at *3. The Durivage Court went on to

note that the affidavit was sufficient because it set forth the applicable standards of

care and their breach – and also cited to the elements of a negligence claim, which

include causation. Id.

      Moreover, in order to comply with the express dictates of section 150.002(b)

– i.e., that an affiant set forth the act or omission in question as to each theory of

recovery, providing the factual basis for each such claim – the affiant must



                                          36
necessarily address the applicable standard and its breach and must necessarily do

so within the context of a theory’s specific elements. Indeed, as the Durivage

Court recognized, the certificate of merit requirement exists “to provide a basis for

the trial court to conclude that the plaintiff’s claims have merit”; and an

“evaluation of whether a ‘factual basis’ has been established should be performed

with this purpose in mind.” Durivage, 2011 WL 6747384, at *3. A court cannot

perform that function without comparing the factual averments against the

elements of the claim asserted. See also Springer v. Johnson, 280 S.W.3d 322, 331

(Tex. App. – Amarillo 2008, no pet.) (explaining that, for purposes of section

74.351, “the expert must provide enough data to inform the defendant of the

specific conduct called into question and provide the trial court means to

preliminarily assess whether the claim has a factual basis”); see also Bowie

Memorial Hosp. v. Wright, 79 S.W.3d 48, 53 (Tex. 2002) (same).

             3.    Leyendecker’s Affidavit Fails to Address Each Theory as
                   Required by Section 150.002(b) and Wholly Fails to
                   Address Causation

      Nowhere in Leyendecker’s affidavit are Plaintiff’s claims for breach of

express warranty or breach of the implied warranty of good and workmanlike

products addressed generally or as to Melden & Hunt specifically. (CR 19-24)

The word “warranty” does not even appear in the affidavit. (CR 19-24) Without

some statement as to those claims – separate and apart from any discussion of East



                                         37
Rio’s negligence or other claims – the affidavit is insufficient as to those claims;

and the complaint, or at least these claims, must be dismissed. See, e.g., Garza,

390 S.W.3d at 397 (reversing denial of dismissal and noting that “Myers’s affidavit

does not mention or in any way discuss the Carmonas’ DTPA theory of recovery. .

. . Likewise, Myers’s affidavit does not identify or otherwise discuss the

Carmonas’ claims for common-law fraud, negligent misrepresentation, or breach

of contract.”).

      Not only did the affiant fail to identify the wrongful act in connection with

these claims, but Leyendecker failed to provide a factual basis for any warranty

claim. The affidavit nowhere addresses the elements of these two claims. (CR 19-

24) Below, East Rio argued that the affidavit was sufficient by pointing to its

discussion of Melden & Hunt’s alleged negligence. But, just as a certificate of

merit cannot group defendants together and be considered adequate, it cannot

group theories together under one factual umbrella – particularly where those

theories are not even mentioned. See, e.g., DHM Design v. Morzak, No. 05-15-

00103-CV, 2015 WL 3823942, *4 n.3 (Tex. App. – Dallas, Jun. 19, 2015, no pet.)

(mem. op.), citing Robert Navarro & Assocs. Eng’g, Inc. v. Flowers Banking Co.

of El Paso, LLC, 389 S.W.3d 475, 482 (Tex. App. – El Paso 2012, no pet.) (“[T]he

statutory language does not allow for collective assertions of negligence.”).

Otherwise, the statute would never have needed amendment in 2009 to make clear



                                         38
that the certificate of merit must set forth “specifically” and “for each theory of

recovery for which damages are sought” the alleged act or omission and the factual

basis for each such claim. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(b) (West

2011) (emphasis added).       The complaint, or at least those claims, should be

dismissed.

        Leyendecker’s affidavit with respect to negligent misrepresentation states

only:

        Melden & Hunt and Booe were retained to provide a water treatment
        plant with a capacity of 8.0 million gallons per day (“MGD”), which
        could be expanded to 16.0 MGD. Melden & Hunt and Booe had a
        duty to provide all relevant and material information to East Rio
        Hondo throughout the design, construction, and operation of the Plant.
        Melden & Hunt failed to provide this information to East Rio Hondo
        and, in fact, provided false information in the construction plans and
        documents relied on by East Rio Hondo. This amounts to negligent
        misrepresentation by Melden & Hunt and Booe.

(CR 21) The elements of negligent misrepresentation are: (1) the representation is

made by a defendant in the course of his business, or in a transaction in which he

has a pecuniary interest; (2) the defendant supplies “false information” for the

guidance of others in their business; (3) the defendant did not exercise reasonable

care or competence in obtaining or communicating the information; and (4) the

plaintiff suffers pecuniary loss by justifiably relying on the representation.

McCamish, Martin, Brown & Loeffler v. F.E. Appling Interests, 991 S.W.2d 787,

791 (Tex. 1999). Leyendekcer’s vague assertion fails to identify what information



                                          39
Melden & Hunt purportedly failed to provide Plaintiff and what “false

information” Melden & Hunt purportedly provided. (CR 21) It also, therefore,

fails to identify any wrongful act and set forth the “factual basis” for it; and the

complaint, or at least the claim of negligent misrepresentation, should be

dismissed.

      Similarly, the affidavit fails to address sufficiently East Rio’s claim of

breach of contract, the elements of which are: (1) the existence of a valid contract;

(2) that the plaintiff performed or tendered performance; (3) that the defendant

breached the contract; and (4) that the plaintiff was damaged as a result of the

breach. Sauceda v. GMAC Mortg. Corp., 268 S.W.3d 135, 140 (Tex. App. –

Corpus Christi 2008, no pet.). The affidavit makes no reference to any purported

contract or to any specific purported contractual obligation, making only a

reference to the general design of the plant. Levinson, 2015 WL 601983, at *5

(holding there was a failure to comply with the dictates of section 150.002(b) for

breach of contract claim where affidavit failed to discuss and provide factual basis

for each element, including existence of contract and portions breached), citing

Durivage, 2011 WL 6747384, at *4 (same). (CR 19-24)

      In fact, the affidavit’s only reference to East Rio’s breach claim is to state

that “[t]he negligent acts and omissions identified in paragraphs a-e above, in my

opinion, also constitutes a breach of Melden & Hunt’s and Booe’s contractual



                                         40
obligations to properly and adequately design the Plant.” (CR 21) Again, the

affidavit fails to address the breach elements; and East Rio’s proffer of a catch-all

and conclusory paragraph for its breach claim cannot suffice for section

150.002(b)’s specificity requirement for each theory asserted.                 Because

Leyendecker’s affidavit failed to provide a sufficient factual basis for any breach

of contract claim, the complaint, or at least that claim, must be dismissed.

       While the most attention in Leyendecker’s affidavit is devoted to East Rio’s

negligence claim against Melden & Hunt, the affidavit fails even there, at least as

to claims that Melden & Hunt was negligent in providing adequate assistance,

support, and supervision and that it failed to exercise independent judgment in the

execution of the design. The affidavit offers no factual basis, no standard of care,

no specific instances of wrongdoing, and no discussion of causation as concerns

that theory of negligence. See Garza, 390 S.W.3d at 396 (“Myer’s affidavit does

not address, and is wholly silent on, the question of whether Garza Engineering

negligently supervised and failed to correct Hernandez’s work.”). (CR 20-21) In

fact, the latter theory isn’t even referenced in the certificate of merit. (CR 19-24)

For this reason, the affidavit is insufficient, even as to these portions of East Rio’s

negligence claim; and the claim – like all other claims – must be dismissed.

      Finally, Leyendecker’s affidavit fails to set forth a sufficient discussion of

causation across the board – offering only conclusory and wholly insufficient



                                          41
language in paragraph 10 of the affidavit. Specifically, Leyendecker states only

that “[t]he negligence, errors, omissions, breach of contract and other acts noted in

this document on the part of Melden & Hunt has directly and indirectly caused and

materially contributed to the construction of the poorly designed and defective

Plant.” (CR 22) That assertion is wholly conclusory, fails to specifically set forth

the factual basis in support, and nowhere addresses the requisite causal link

between Melden & Hunt’s alleged acts and omissions as to each theory of liability

– despite the express mandate of section 150.002(b). East Rio’s complaint against

Melden & Hunt should be dismissed.

             4.    At the Very Least, Leyendecker’s Equivocation Precludes
                   the Affidavit’s Sufficiency

      At the very least, the affidavit fails to provide an appropriate factual basis

across claims because it equivocates – stating that Leyendecker’s opinion is based

on the “available information.” See, e.g., Burke v. Satterfield, 525 S.W.2d 950,

954-55 (Tex. 1974) (affidavit reciting that recitations were true and correct to the

best of affiant’s knowledge did not “positively and unqualifiedly represent the facts

. . . to be true and within the personal knowledge of the affiant”); Levinson, 2015

WL 601983, at *5 (certificates of merit must include statements that are “clear,

positive, and free from inconsistencies, and can be readily controverted with

evidence”); see also Nueces County Bail Bond Bd. v. Alkek, No. 13-04-00395-CV,

2006 WL 1843516, *3 (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi, Jul. 6, 2006, no pet.) (mem.

                                          42
op.) (“A statement that facts ‘are true to the best of my knowledge’ does not

contain the necessary factual specificity; it does not ‘positively and unqualifiedly

represent the “facts” as disclosed in the affidavit to be true and within his personal

knowledge.’”).

      Levinson makes clear that, in order to state a sufficient factual basis in

compliance with section 150.002(b), a certificate of merit must be clear and

positive. Texas law is equally clear that affiants who equivocate on the basis of

their purported knowledge do not testify clearly and positively.             Because

Leyendecker’s affidavit fails to comply with section 150.002(b), East Rio’s

complaint against Melden & Hunt must be dismissed.

IV.   Dismissal Must Be of Plaintiff’s Entire Complaint and Must Be with
      Prejudice

      A.     If the Certificate of Merit Fails to Comply with Chapter 150 in
             Any Respect, the Plaintiff’s Entire Complaint Must Be Dismissed

      Here, again, courts must begin with section 150.002’s plain text. Section

150.002(e) provides in relevant part that “[t]he plaintiff’s failure to file the

affidavit in accordance with this section shall result in dismissal of the complaint

against the defendant.” TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(e) (West 2011).

Were the Court to agree that the affiant failed to demonstrate his competency to

testify or his active engagement in the practice of engineering, that defect would be

general in nature and would render the certificate of merit insufficient as a matter



                                          43
of law. Under those circumstances, not even East Rio contests that the entire

complaint should be dismissed.

      However, when faced with a plaintiff’s failure to address one or more

specific claims, the Court’s approach in the past has been to dismiss only those

claims that the certificate of merit failed to address at all or failed to address

sufficiently. See, e.g., Levinson, 2015 WL 601983, at *5 (“We reverse that portion

of the trial court’s judgment denying Levinson’s motion to dismiss the breach of

contract claim brought by El Pitolon.”). But that approach directly conflicts with

the explicit text of section 150.002(e) and also with the Supreme Court’s definition

of the word “complaint.”

      Again, upon failure to comply with the dictates of section 150.002 in any

respect, section 150.002(e) mandates dismissal “of the complaint against the

defendant.”   Recently, the Supreme Court of Texas addressed just what the

Legislature meant when it used the term “complaint.” Jaster v. Comet II Const.,

Inc., 438 S.W.3d 556, 569 n.17 (Tex. 2014). The Court explained that the word

“complaint” as used in chapter 150 means “petition.” Id. It construed the term

“complaint” synonymous with the word “action” – and then distinguished those

terms from the more limited and specific phrases “theory of recovery” or “cause of

action.” Id. at 563-64; see also City of Lorena v. BMTP Holdings, L.P., 409




                                         44
S.W.3d 634, 643 (Tex. 2013) (“We construe statues to provide consistent meaning

to the same word used throughout a statute.”).

      Section 150.002(e) requires dismissal of the entire “complaint,” not just the

theory of recovery or cause of action that the plaintiff failed to address in the

defective certificate of merit. See, e.g., CTL/Thompson Tex., LLC v. Starwood

Homeowner’s Ass’n, Inc., No. 02-11-00160-CV, 2013 WL 3968021, *1 (Tex. App.

– Fort Worth, Aug. 1, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op. on remand) (requiring dismissal of

all of plaintiff’s claims where plaintiff failed to provide factual basis for each claim

as required by section 150.002). In accordance with section 150.002’s plain terms

and the meaning that the Supreme Court of Texas has confirmed that they have, the

Court has no choice but to dismiss East Rio’s entire complaint against Melden &

Hunt should any aspect of the certificate of merit be held defective.

      B.     Failure to Comply with Section 150.002 Requires Dismissal with
             Prejudice Generally and in the Circumstances of This Case

             1.     The Statute’s Language Requires Dismissal with Prejudice

      To reiterate, section 150.002(e) provides that “[t]he plaintiff’s failure to file

the affidavit in accordance with this section shall result in dismissal of the

complaint against the defendant. This dismissal may be with prejudice.” TEX.

CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(e) (West 2011). Recently, the Fourth Court of

Appeals held that, “as a matter of law, when a plaintiff fails to file an [adequate]

affidavit contemporaneously with the first-filed complaint, and the exception under

                                           45
section 150.002(c) does not apply, the Legislature intended the complaint be

dismissed with prejudice.” Bruington, 456 S.W.3d at 190.5 A trial court abuses its

discretion when it dismisses without prejudice. Id. While this Court has implied

that courts may dismiss with or without prejudice, Levinson, 2015 WL 601983, at

*5, this precise issue of statutory construction has never been presented to the

Court as one for its resolution. Properly presented in this case, the Court should

hold – in line with chapter 150’s plain language and governing principles of

statutory construction – that dismissal must be with prejudice.

       As noted above, courts focus their statutory construction efforts on the

statutory text. As worded, section 150.002(e) says nothing about a dismissal

without prejudice.        Indeed, the only type of dismissal mentioned at all is a

dismissal with prejudice. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(e) (West

2011); see also CTL/Thompson Tex., LLC v. Starwood Homeowner’s Ass’n, Inc.,

___ S.W.3d ___, 2015 WL 1407716, *3 (Tex. App. – Fort Worth, Mar. 26, 2015,

pet. filed) (Meier, J., dissenting). By reading into the statute an ability to dismiss

without prejudice, a court would be adding to the statute words that are not there

and that the Legislature did not include. But see Texas Adjutant General’s Office

5
  Below, East Rio argued against the application of Bruington’s holding to a situation in which a
defective certificate of merit was filed, as opposed to one in which no certificate of merit is filed
at all. While Bruington was faced with a plaintiff’s failure to file any certificate of merit with its
first-filed petition, section 150.002(e)’s language is clear. If an affidavit is not filed “in
accordance with this section” – which necessarily encompasses the substantive requirements for
the certificate of merit – then the complaint shall be dismissed. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE §
150.002(e) (West 2011).


                                                  46
v. Ngakoue, 408 S.W.3d 350, 362 (Tex. 2013) (explaining that courts cannot add

words into, or delete language from, a statutory provision).

      Moreover, courts must construe words in context, not in isolation, as

discussed above. Section 150.002 mandates that an adequate certificate of merit be

filed and that the plaintiff do so contemporaneously with its first-filed complaint.

TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(a), (c) (West 2011). Reading into section

150.002(e) permission to dismiss without prejudice conflicts with the statute’s

mandate to file a compliant certificate of merit. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE §

150.002(a) (West 2011) (“plaintiff shall be required to file with the complaint an

affidavit . . .”). Further, permitting a dismissal without prejudice frustrates the

first—filed requirement because it permits a plaintiff to file a second complaint

and a second certificate in an effort to comply. CTL/Thompson Tex., LLC, 2015

WL 1407716, at *3 (Meier, J., dissenting); Bruington, 456 S.W.3d at 189.

Additionally, it thwarts the limited nature of the only exception to the first-filed

requirement set forth in section 150.002(c). TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE §

150.002(a), (c) (West 2011); Bruington, 456 S.W.3d at 189. Finally, construing

section 150.002(e) to permit a dismissal without prejudice frustrates the

Legislature’s intent to deter and quickly end nonmeritorious claims. Giving a

plaintiff a second bite at the apple prolongs that litigation, rather than bringing it to

a speedy resolution. CTL/Thompson Tex., LLC, 2015 WL 1407716, at *4 (Meier,



                                           47
J., dissenting). This is especially true given that section 150.002(f) permits an

immediate interlocutory appeal of an order granting or denying a motion for

dismissal. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(f) (West 2011).

      At least some courts have seized upon use of the permissive “may” in

section 150.002(e) as endowing trial courts with discretion in determining whether

to dismiss with or without prejudice.      CTL/Thompson Tex., LLC, 2015 WL

1407716, at *2. While the word “may” usually creates discretionary authority, the

context in which the word is used can require a different construction. See, e.g.,

TEX. GOV’T CODE § 311.016 (West 2013) (explaining that “may” “creates

discretionary authority or grants permission or a power” “unless the context in

which the word or phrase appears necessary requires a different construction or

unless a different construction is expressly provided by statute”); see also

McLaughlin v. Smith, 105 Tex. 330, 148 S.W. 288, 289-90 (1912) (“A direction

contained in a statute, though couched in merely permissive language, will not be

construed as leaving compliance optional, when the good sense of the entire

enactment requires its provisions to be deemed compulsory.”); Wickware v.

Sullivan, 70 S.W.3d 214, 219 (Tex. App. – San Antonio 2001, no pet.) (noting that

the plain language of one statutory subsection may remove a trial court’s discretion

granted in another subsection when the latter subsection was intended to be read in




                                         48
conjunction with the prior one). In light of the foregoing, the dismissal must be

with prejudice.

             2.    Under the Circumstances of This Case, Dismissal Should Be
                   with Prejudice

      Even if the Court were to conclude that section 150.002 does not mandate a

dismissal with prejudice, the statute still clearly permits such a dismissal. See TEX.

CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(e) (West 2011) (noting that dismissal may be

with prejudice); CTL/Thompson Tex., LLC, 2015 WL 1407716, at *2; Levinson,

2015 WL 601983, at *5. Regardless of whether the statute mandates or merely

permits a dismissal with prejudice, the circumstances here warrant dismissal with

prejudice. See, e.g., Johnson v. Fourth Court of Appeals, 700 S.W.2d 916, 918

(Tex. 1985) (orig. proceeding) (noting that, often, “the facts and circumstances of

the case extinguish any discretion in the matter”). A dismissal with prejudice is

warranted given the factual background acknowledged by East Rio in its pleading.

      East Rio pled that it retained Melden & Hunt to perform engineering

services more than 15 years ago – in 2000. (CR 7) The subject plant – again,

according to East Rio itself – was substantially completed in 2008 – seven years

before suit was filed. (CR 8) Moreover, East Rio alleged that the affiant in

question had time to review “a significant amount of documents, conduct[] a site

visit at East Rio Hondo’s Martha Ann Simpson Water Treatment Plant, and

interview[] East Rio Hondo personnel involved in the operation and maintenance

                                          49
of the Plant.”    (CR 5)      Affiant Leyendecker echoes those representations,

explaining that he has reviewed available documents, inspected the plant,

interviewed East Rio staff, and had his own staff conduct at least three visits to the

East Rio plant. (CR 19) Nevertheless, East Rio failed to file a certificate of merit

that complied fully with section 150.002’s requirements.

      The law has required a certificate of merit to address each and every theory

of recovery with sufficient factual basis since at least 2009. The failure to file an

adequate certificate of merit alone justifies dismissal with prejudice. But the

circumstances leading up to that failure take away all discretion and mandate

dismissal with prejudice. East Rio, by virtue of its own assertions, demonstrated

that it had a sufficient opportunity to provide an affidavit that complied with

personal knowledge requirements; that set forth the affiant’s competency,

knowledge, and practice status; that addressed all theories of recovery; and that

provided a factual basis as to all theories of recovery. East Rio’s claims should be

dismissed with prejudice.

      C.     In the Alternative, Melden & Hunt Preserves Its Right to a
             Dismissal without Prejudice and to a Dismissal at Least in Part,
             While Not Waiving Its Arguments That the Court Has a
             Mandatory Duty to Dismiss the Entire Complaint with Prejudice

      Even assuming that the Court were to decline to dismiss the litigation in its

entirety with prejudice, either as mandated by the statute or by the circumstances

of this case, Melden & Hunt remains entitled at least to a partial dismissal. See

                                          50
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 150.002(e) (West 2011) (“The plaintiff’s failure to

file the affidavit in accordance with this section shall result in dismissal of the

complaint.”); see also Garza, 390 S.W.3d at 398 (reversing trial court’s order

denying motion to dismiss and remanding case to trial court to determine whether

dismissal should be with or without prejudice to refiling).6 To be clear, however,

Melden & Hunt, by requesting this alternative relief, is not waiving its arguments

that it is entitled to a dismissal of East Rio’s entire complaint against it with

prejudice and of its right to seek further review to enforce that mandate.

                                         PRAYER

       WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, Appellant Melden & Hunt,

Inc. respectfully requests that the Court reverse the trial court’s denial of its

Motion to Dismiss and render judgment granting dismissal of the Appellee’s

complaint against Melden & Hunt, Inc. with prejudice or, in the alternative,

without prejudice, either in whole or in part. Melden & Hunt, Inc. further requests

that the Court grant it such other and further relief to which it is entitled.

                                 Respectfully submitted,

GONZALEZ, CHISCANO, ANGULO &                        THE LAW OFFICE OF
KASSON, P.C.                                        JACQUELINE M. STROH, P.C.
Henry B. Gonzalez III                               Jacqueline M. Stroh

6
 Of course, Melden & Hunt does not concede in any way the viability of any of the claims East
Rio has asserted against it. Melden & Hunt reserves its right to challenge all aspects of East
Rio’s claim for negligence and all other claims, if not dismissed, on any and all additional
grounds available to it.


                                              51
State Bar No. 00794952                          State Bar No. 00791747
hbg@gcaklaw.com                                 jackie@strohappellate.com
Jeffrie D. Boysen                               10101 Reunion Place, Suite 600
State Bar No. 24071785                          San Antonio, Texas 78216
jboysen@gcaklaw.com                             (210) 477-7416
613 N.W. Loop 410, Suite 800                    (210) 477-7466 (telecopier)
San Antonio, Texas 78216
(210) 569-8500
(210) 569-8490 (telecopier)


                    By:          /s/ Jacqueline M. Stroh
                                 Jacqueline M. Stroh

          ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT, MELDEN & HUNT, INC.

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE WITH TYPE-VOLUME LIMITATION

      Pursuant to Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.4(i), the undersigned

certifies that this brief complies with the type-volume limitations; that, exclusive of

the exempted portions, the brief contains 12,662 words (counting all appropriate

footnotes); and that the brief has been prepared in proportionally-spaced typeface

using Times New Roman Font 14 in body text and Font 12 in footnotes.


                                                     /s/ Jacqueline M. Stroh
                                                     Jacqueline M. Stroh

                          CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

       I certify that a true copy of the foregoing Brief of Appellant was on this the
29th day of June, 2015, served on the following counsel of record in accordance
with the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure:

      Richard W. Fryer
      Brian J. Hansen

                                          52
FRYER & HANSEN, PLLC
1352 West Pecan Boulevard
McAllen, Texas 78501
e-mail@fryerandhansen.com
-and-
Roman “Dino” Esparza
ESPARZA & GARZA, LLP
964 E. Los Ebanos
Brownsville, Texas 78520
dino@esparzagarza.com
Attorneys for Appellee

                                 /s/ Jacqueline M. Stroh
                                 Jacqueline M. Stroh




                            53
                                                                                                         RECEIVED
                                                                                                         2015-DCL-00497
                                                                                                         4/9/201511 :44: 11 AM
                                                                                                         Cameron County· 197th District Court
                                                                                                         Erle Garza
                                                                                                         Cameron County District Clerk
                                                        CAUSE NO. 2015-DCL..00497                        By Jesus Cantu Deputy Clerk
                                                                                                         4824025

                  EAST RJO HONDO WATER SUPPLY,                                  § IN THE 197TH JUDICIAL
                                     Plaintiff                                  §
                                                                                §
                  vs.                                                           § DISTRICT COURT OF
                                                                                §
                  MELDEN & HUNT, INC.; HAWKINS                                  §
                  & AFFILIATES, INC. D/B/A HRM                                  §
                  ENVIRONMENTAL, LLC; OVIVO                                     §
                  USA, LLC, SUCCESSOR IN INTEREST                               §
                  TO EIMCO WATER TECHNOLOGIES,                                  §
                  LL~ GREYSTAR EIG, LP, 'OIB/A                                  §
                  GREYSTAR,                                                     §
                                         Defendants                             § CAMERON COUNTY, TEXAS


                                                    ORDER DENYING
                                         MELDEN & HUNT, INC.'S MOTION TO DISMISS

                          On this day the Court considered Melden & Hunt, Inc. 's Motion to Dismiss. The Court,

                  having considered the motion, response and evidence on file finds that said motion is not

                  meritorious and should be DENIED.

                          IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED, that the Melden & Hunt, Inc. 's Motion to Dismiss

                  should be, and the same is h~by DENIED.                           ~

                          SIGNEDontbis~dayof                           ¥                             ,2015.




                                                                                    ~        PRESiDiNG

         ~~~~~!,m.~m
                  Henry Gonzalez: hba@gcakJaw.com
                                                                                                ERIC
                                                                                                     FILED_Lo·c1ock~M
                                                                                                        GARZA - DISTRICT CL ERK

                  Seth A. Russell: Sil!ssell@andrewsmvers.com
                  Timothy M. McDaniel: tmglaniol@IMTC?SasLaw.c:om                                         APR 28 2015

                                                                                              ~·'-
                  E. Michael Rodriguez: mrosirjguez-@@tlashall.com
                  Roman "Dino" Esparza: Dino@esparzagarza.com
                                                                                             ~--~
                                                                                              ---,i3"""'--=:::;;__ _~D~l'puty#27



                                                                                                                                    63
Pnl=' l"r;:::.~ti:irl 1A1ith nrlfl='~l"tnnr Prn tri~I 11Arc::inn   IA/\AflAt   nrlff~l"tnnr l"l"lm
Excerpts from TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE chp. 150.002 (West 2011).

§ 150.001. Definitions1

In this chapter:

(1)    “Certified municipal inspector” means an individual who is employed full-
       time by a political subdivision and is currently:

       (A)    certified by a national model code group; or

       (B)    licensed as a plumbing inspector, as defined by Section 1301.002,
              Occupations Code.

(1-a) “Licensed or registered professional” means a licensed architect, licensed
      professional engineer, registered professional land surveyor, registered
      landscape architect, or any firm in which such licensed or registered
      professional practices, including but not limited to a corporation,
      professional corporation, limited liability corporation, partnership, limited
      liability partnership, sole proprietorship, joint venture, or any other business
      entity.

(1-b) “National model code group” means an organization consisting of industry
      and government fire and building safety officials that develops and
      promulgates a national model code, as defined by Section 214.217, Local
      Government Code.

(2)    “Practice of architecture” has the meaning assigned by Section 1051.001,
       Occupations Code.

(3)    “Practice of engineering” has the meaning assigned by Section 1001.003,
       Occupations Code.




1
 The definitions of “certified municipal inspector” and of “national model code group” apply
only to a cause of action that accrues on or after June 14, 2013. Act of May 15, 2013, 83rd Leg.,
R.S., ch. 244, § 1, 2013 Tex. Gen. Laws 983, 984.
§ 150.002. Certificate of Merit

(a)   In any action or arbitration proceeding for damages arising out of the
      provision of professional services by a licensed or registered professional,
      the plaintiff shall be required to file with the complaint an affidavit of a
      third-party licensed architect, licensed professional engineer, registered
      landscape architect, or registered professional land surveyor who:

      (1)   is competent to testify;

      (2)   holds the same professional license or registration as the defendant;
            and

      (3)   is knowledgeable in the area of practice of the defendant and offers
            testimony based on the person's:

            (A)    knowledge;

            (B)    skill;

            (C)    experience;

            (D)    education;

            (E)    training; and

            (F)    practice.

(b)   The affidavit shall set forth specifically for each theory of recovery for
      which damages are sought, the negligence, if any, or other action, error, or
      omission of the licensed or registered professional in providing the
      professional service, including any error or omission in providing advice,
      judgment, opinion, or a similar professional skill claimed to exist and the
      factual basis for each such claim. The third-party licensed architect, licensed
      professional engineer, registered landscape architect, or registered
      professional land surveyor shall be licensed or registered in this state and
      actively engaged in the practice of architecture, engineering, or surveying.

(c)   The contemporaneous filing requirement of Subsection (a) shall not apply to
      any case in which the period of limitation will expire within 10 days of the
      date of filing and, because of such time constraints, the plaintiff has alleged
      that an affidavit of a third-party licensed architect, licensed professional
      engineer, registered landscape architect, or registered professional land
      surveyor could not be prepared. In such cases, the plaintiff shall have 30
      days after the filing of the complaint to supplement the pleadings with the
      affidavit. The trial court may, on motion, after hearing and for good cause,
      extend such time as it shall determine justice requires.

(d)   The defendant shall not be required to file an answer to the complaint and
      affidavit until 30 days after the filing of such affidavit.

(e)   The plaintiff's failure to file the affidavit in accordance with this section
      shall result in dismissal of the complaint against the defendant. This
      dismissal may be with prejudice.

(f)   An order granting or denying a motion for dismissal is immediately
      appealable as an interlocutory order.

(g)   This statute shall not be construed to extend any applicable period of
      limitation or repose.

(h)   This statute does not apply to any suit or action for the payment of fees
      arising out of the provision of professional services.
Excerpts from TEX. OCCUPATIONS CODE chp. 1001 (West 2012).

§ 1001.003. Practice of Engineering

(a)   In this section:

      (1)   “Design coordination” includes the review and coordination of
            technical submissions prepared by others, including the work of other
            professionals working with or under the direction of an engineer with
            professional regard for the ability of each professional involved in a
            multidisciplinary effort.

      (2)   “Engineering survey” includes any survey activity required to support
            the sound conception, planning, design, construction, maintenance, or
            operation of an engineered project. The term does not include the
            surveying of real property or other activity regulated under Chapter
            1071.

(b)   In this chapter, “practice of engineering” means the performance of or an
      offer or attempt to perform any public or private service or creative work,
      the adequate performance of which requires engineering education, training,
      and experience in applying special knowledge or judgment of the
      mathematical, physical, or engineering sciences to that service or creative
      work.

(c)   The practice of engineering includes:

      (1)   consultation, investigation, evaluation, analysis, planning, engineering
            for program management, providing an expert engineering opinion or
            testimony, engineering for testing or evaluating materials for
            construction or other engineering use, and mapping;

      (2)   design, conceptual design, or conceptual design coordination of
            engineering works or systems;

      (3)   development or optimization of plans and specifications for
            engineering works or systems;

      (4)   planning the use or alteration of land or water or the design or analysis
            of works or systems for the use or alteration of land or water;
(5)   responsible charge of engineering teaching or the teaching of
      engineering;

(6)   performing an engineering survey or study;

(7)   engineering for construction, alteration, or repair of real property;

(8)   engineering for preparation of an operating or maintenance manual;

(9)   engineering for review of the construction or installation of
      engineered works to monitor compliance with drawings or
      specifications;

(10) a service, design, analysis, or other work performed for a public or
     private entity in connection with a utility, structure, building,
     machine, equipment, process, system, work, project, or industrial or
     consumer product or equipment of a mechanical, electrical, electronic,
     chemical, hydraulic, pneumatic, geotechnical, or thermal nature;

(11) providing an engineering opinion or analysis related to a certificate of
     merit under Chapter 150, Civil Practice and Remedies Code; or

(12) any other professional service necessary for the planning, progress, or
     completion of an engineering service.
