18-2576-cr
United States v. Forney


                          UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                  SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A
SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY
FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN
CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE
EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION
ASUMMARY ORDER@). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON
ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

        At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held
at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New
York, on the 17th day of December, two thousand nineteen.

PRESENT:
                   ROBERT A. KATZMANN,
                        Chief Judge,
                   GUIDO CALABRESI,
                   RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR.,
                        Circuit Judges.


UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                           Appellee,

                   v.                                                  No. 18-2576-cr

DEONDRA FORNEY,

                           Defendant-Appellant.



 For Defendant-Appellant:                             Molly Corbett, Assistant Federal Public
                                                      Defender, for Lisa A. Peebles, Federal Public
                                                      Defender for the Northern District of New
                                                      York, Albany, NY.


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 For Appellee:                                       Thomas R. Sutcliffe, Assistant United States
                                                     Attorney, for Grant C. Jaquith, United States
                                                     Attorney for the Northern District of New
                                                     York, Syracuse, NY.


       Appeal from a judgment entered on August 20, 2018 in the United States District Court

for the Northern District of New York (Sharpe, J.) revoking defendant’s term of supervised

release and imposing a new sentence of 10 months’ incarceration followed by five years of

supervised release.

       UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND

DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED IN PART and VACATED

IN PART and REMANDED.

       Defendant-appellant Deondra Forney challenges two conditions of her supervised release.

We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history of the case,

and the issues on appeal.

       On June 12, 2017, Forney pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to possess cocaine

with the intent to distribute, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 846 and 841(b)(1)(C). On December 6,

the district court imposed a sentence of time served and five years of supervised release. The

court also imposed two special conditions recommended in the Presentence Report: that Forney

(1) participate in a substance abuse program and (2) refrain from the use of alcohol. Forney did

not object to either condition, nor did she appeal her conviction or sentence.

       During a home inspection on July 21, 2018, probation officers found Forney at her

apartment with her then-boyfriend, Jamal Turner, along with several bags of marijuana and

Ecstasy. Forney was thereafter charged with violating several conditions of her supervised

release. Following a revocation hearing, the district court found that Forney had violated her



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conditions of release by consuming marijuana and by associating with a person—Turner—whom

she knew to be engaged in criminal activity. The court revoked Forney’s term of supervised

release and imposed a new sentence of 10 months’ incarceration to be followed by five years of

supervised release. The court also imposed six special conditions, requiring Forney to (1) comply

with a curfew set by her probation officer; (2) participate in a substance abuse program; (3)

participate in a mental health program; (4) refrain from using alcohol; (5) provide any requested

financial information to her probation officer; and (6) not “enter, remain in, or patronize any

establishment whose business or purpose is the provision or sale of alcoholic beverages for on-

site consumption, including . . . bars, taverns, lounges, and nightclubs,” as well as “the bar

section of any restaurant.” Forney did not object to these conditions.

        Forney’s principal contention on appeal is that the district court erred in imposing special

conditions four and six—requiring Forney to abstain from alcohol and from entering bars or

similar establishments—without articulating its reasons for doing so. “A district court is required

to make an individualized assessment when determining whether to impose a special condition

of supervised release, and to state on the record the reason for imposing it; the failure to do so is

error.” United States v. Betts, 886 F.3d 198, 202 (2d Cir. 2018).1 “In the absence of such an

explanation, we may uphold the condition imposed only if the district court’s reasoning is self-

evident in the record.” Id. Because Forney did not object to the special conditions, under the

circumstances of this appeal, we review for plain error. See United States v. Burden, 860 F.3d 45,

55 (2d Cir. 2017) (per curiam). “To establish plain error, a defendant must demonstrate: (1)

error, (2) that is plain, and (3) that affects substantial rights.” United States v. Bleau, 930 F.3d 35,




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         Unless otherwise noted, case quotations omit all internal quotation marks, citations,
footnotes, and alterations.
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39 (2d Cir. 2019) (per curiam). “If all three conditions are met, we will then exercise our

discretion to rectify this forfeited error only if (4) the error seriously affects the fairness,

integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” Id.

        Although the district court did not explicitly state why it found it necessary to require

Forney to abstain from alcohol, its reasoning is “self-evident in the record.” Betts, 886 F.3d at

202. Prior to her original sentencing, and while on pre-trial release, Forney was arrested for and

pleaded guilty to driving while impaired by alcohol. The district court was therefore justified in

concluding that the standard condition, prohibiting only excessive consumption of alcohol,

would not be sufficient to further the goals of sentencing. Cf. id. at 202–03 (concluding that

condition prohibiting consumption of alcohol was unnecessary where record contained no

“evidence suggesting that defendant ever seriously abused alcohol”). The district court did not

err, let alone plainly, in imposing special condition four.

        We reach a different result, however, as to special condition six, which forbids Forney

from entering or remaining in any establishment that sells alcohol for on-site consumption,

including the bar section of any restaurant. Forney is already forbidden from consuming alcohol;

the district court did not explain why this additional restriction is necessary. Moreover, banning

Forney from bars and similar establishments significantly curtails her ability to partake in

ordinary social and recreational activities. Without any explanation from the district court, we

are unable to conclude that special condition six “involves no greater deprivation of liberty than

is reasonably necessary.” 18 U.S.C. § 3583(d)(2). “While there may be reasonable arguments to

support the imposition of this special condition, we cannot conclude that, on the present record,

this condition is warranted.” Bleau, 930 F.3d at 43.




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       We further conclude that the imposition of special condition six was plain error. “The

District Court’s failure to explain its rationale is plain error because it is not obvious from the

record why such a condition was reasonably necessary.” Id. “Thus, there is a reasonable

probability that the error affected the outcome of [Forney’s] sentence.” Id.; see also Burden, 860

F.3d at 57.

       For the foregoing reasons, we VACATE special condition six and REMAND the case

with instructions to the district court to further consider whether such a condition is reasonably

necessary and, if so, to explain the reasons for imposing such a condition. We AFFIRM the

judgment of the district court in all other respects.

                                               FOR THE COURT:
                                               Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk




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