        IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                         AT KNOXVILLE
                        Assigned on Briefs September 16, 2014

                 STATE OF TENNESSEE v. LEE ANN LYNCH

                   Appeal from the Circuit Court for Blount County
                       No. C-18427 David R. Duggan, Judge


                No. E2014-00246-CCA-R3-CD - Filed October 27, 2014


The Defendant, Lee Ann Lynch, appeals the Blount County Circuit Court’s order revoking
her community corrections sentence for her conviction for promotion of methamphetamine
manufacture and ordering her four-year sentence into execution. The Defendant contends
that the trial court abused its discretion by revoking her community corrections sentence. We
affirm the judgment of the trial court.

  Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

R OBERT H. M ONTGOMERY, J R., J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which N ORMA
M CG EE O GLE and R OGER A. P AGE, JJ., joined.

J. Liddell Kirk (on appeal), Knoxville, Tennessee and Mack Garner (on appeal and at
hearing), District Public Defender, for the appellant, Lee Ann Lynch.

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Clarence E. Lutz, Senior Counsel;
Mike Flynn, District Attorney General; and Matthew Dunn, Assistant District Attorney
General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                        OPINION

       On August 8, 2011, the Defendant pleaded guilty to promotion of methamphetamine
manufacture. As part of the plea agreement, she accepted a four-year, split-confinement
sentence, 120 days of which were to be served in jail with the remainder suspended and the
Defendant placed on supervised probation. On November 30, 2012, a probation violation
warrant issued and alleged that the Defendant violated four rules of probation by obtaining
new charges, not notifying her probation officer of the charges, failing a drug screen, and
having an unpaid balance of $3232.50 on the $3302.50 bill of cost for her conviction. The
Defendant stipulated to the facts alleged in the violation warrant and waived a hearing. The
trial court found that the Defendant violated the probation terms. It revoked her probation
and ordered her to serve eighty days in jail and the balance in the community corrections
program.

        On April 15, 2013, the present violation warrant was issued. It alleged that the
Defendant violated four conditions of community corrections by failing to report for
supervision, failing to report for “MRT group,” failing to provide proof of employment, and
failing to provide proof of court payments.

       At the revocation hearing, Brian Hensley, an employee of East Tennessee Human
Resource Agency Community Corrections, testified that he conducted the Defendant’s intake
on March 26, 2013, the only day she reported as required. He said the Defendant never
provided employment verification, disability documents, or proof of payment of court costs.
He said he tried unsuccessfully to contact the Defendant when she failed to report the
following week. He said that one telephone number was disconnected and that the second
number did not have voice mail. He said that offenders were required to report weekly until
they completed “MRT” and that the Defendant never completed “MRT.”

       Mr. Hensley testified on cross-examination that at intake, the Defendant appeared to
understand his explanation of the community corrections requirements. He thought she told
him she would have a hard time reporting because she lived in Knoxville. He thought she
had a history of drug use and suspected when he met her that she had substance abuse and
emotional problems. He said the Defendant could have been transferred to a community
corrections program in Knoxville if she had completed the necessary requirements.

        The thirty-two-year-old Defendant testified that she was single and had six children,
one of whom was ten weeks old. She attended school through the eleventh grade. She said
her conviction related to her buying Sudafed that she planned to resell in order to have money
to purchase drugs. She agreed her probation had been revoked after she was charged with
driving with a revoked license and theft. She agreed she had not seen Mr. Hensley since
March 26, 2013, when he had informed her of the rules of community corrections. She said
that since March 26, she had “got back on drugs,” had been pregnant, and had her baby. She
said that she became pregnant immediately after she was released from jail in March 2013
and that she learned she was pregnant three days after meeting with Mr. Hensley. She said
she became addicted to drugs at age twenty-three.

       The Defendant testified that she had not used drugs before meeting with Mr. Hensley.
She said that pills were her preferred drug and that she began using them again after
“hanging out” with a family member who had them. She said that during the time she was
not reporting to Mr. Hensley, she lived with her aunt. She also had a relationship with a man

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who provided her with Hydrocodone pills. She said she did not use drugs for about two and
one-half weeks after she was released from jail.

        Regarding the circumstances of her arrest in December 2013 for the current violation
warrant, the Defendant testified that the police responded when her brother and her baby’s
father fought. They discovered she had an outstanding warrant. She denied receiving any
new charges.

       The Defendant testified that she would do “whatever it takes” if the trial court would
allow her to remain on community corrections. She said she would go to a halfway house
and understood she must report as required. She understood she could not use drugs and
would be drug tested. She expressed an interest in drug court.

        The Defendant testified that she was motivated to stay out of jail because her children
did not need to see her in and out of jail. She said that her baby did not have drugs in his
system at birth and that she had learned her lesson. She said three of her children lived with
their father. Three children lived with her, including her baby, although her cousin had
temporary custody of the baby until the community corrections violation was resolved.
        On cross-examination, the Defendant acknowledged the circumstances of her previous
probation violation and her failure to report for nine months after the community corrections
intake. She testified that she continued to use Hydrocodone during the entire time she was
pregnant. She acknowledged that two or three of the four or five drug tests she had during
her pregnancy were positive. When asked why she said she would do whatever was
necessary to remain drug free despite her failure to do so when she was pregnant, she said
she had been “running around with the wrong crowd” previously and was tired of hurting her
children.

       Defense counsel argued that the Defendant had been forthcoming with the trial court
and that she should be referred to the drug court program for evaluation. Counsel argued that
the Defendant’s needs would best be served by placement in the drug court program followed
by placement in a halfway house. The court found that the Defendant committed material
violations of her community corrections sentence by failing to report as required, failing to
participate in “MRT group,” failing to provide proof of employment, and failing to provide
proof of payment of court costs. The court noted the Defendant’s previous probation
revocation, which led to her community corrections placement. The court revoked the
Defendant’s community corrections sentence and ordered her to serve her sentence in the
Department of Correction. This appeal followed.

       A trial court may revoke a defendant’s probation upon its finding by a preponderance
of the evidence that the defendant violated a condition of the sentence. T.C.A. § 40-35-

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311(e) (2014) (prescribing the procedure for probation revocation proceedings). Given the
similar nature of a sentence of community corrections and a sentence of probation, the same
principles are applicable in deciding whether the revocation of a community corrections
sentence is proper. State v. Harkins, 811 S.W.2d 79, 83 (Tenn. 1991). Our supreme court
has concluded that a trial court’s decision to revoke a defendant’s community corrections
sentence “will not be disturbed on appeal unless . . . there has been an abuse of discretion.”
Id. at 82 (citing State v. Williamson, 619 S.W.2d 145, 146 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1981)). An
abuse of discretion has been established when the “record contains no substantial evidence
to support the conclusion of the trial judge that a violation of the conditions of probation has
occurred.” State v. Delp, 614 S.W.2d 395, 398 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1980); see State v. Shaffer,
45 S.W.3d 553, 554 (Tenn. 2001); State v. Grear, 568 S.W.2d 285, 286 (Tenn. 1978). A
finding of abuse of discretion “‘reflects that the trial court’s logic and reasoning was
improper when viewed in light of the factual circumstances and relevant legal principles
involved in a particular case.’” Shaffer, 45 S.W.3d at 555 (quoting State v. Moore, 6 S.W.3d
235, 242 (Tenn. 1999)).

       When a trial court finds by a preponderance of the evidence that a defendant has
violated the conditions of probation, the court “shall have the right . . . to revoke the
probation.” T.C.A. § 40-35-311(e)(1) (2014). “In probation revocation hearings, the
credibility of witnesses is for the determination of the trial judge.” Carver v. State, 570
S.W.2d 872, 875 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1978) (citing Bledsoe v. State, 387 S.W.2d 811, 814
(Tenn. 1965)). When a defendant’s community corrections sentence is revoked, the court
“may resentence the defendant to any appropriate sentencing alternative, including
incarceration, for any period of time up to the maximum sentence provided for the offense
committed.” T.C.A. § 40-36-106(e)(4) (2014).

        The Defendant contends that the trial court abused its discretion by ordering
confinement for the balance of the sentence. The Defendant notes her lack of new criminal
charges, the non-violent nature of the conviction offense, and her willingness to participate
in treatment and to comply with the terms of release. The evidence supports the court’s
findings that the Defendant failed to report for supervision, did not participate in “MRT
group,” did not provide proof of employment, and did not provide proof of payment of court
costs. The Defendant testified that she began abusing narcotics shortly after her release from
the previous revocation but that she was now ready to address her addiction in order to
provide a better example for her children. We conclude, though, that the court did not abuse
its discretion by revoking the Defendant’s community corrections sentence and ordering her
to serve the remainder of the sentence in the Department of Correction. After her conviction,
the Defendant was given an opportunity to reform her conduct and was granted split
confinement that included probation. She violated the terms of probation and was given a
second opportunity to reform her conduct. For the nine months after her release to

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community corrections and her arrest for this violation, she did nothing toward the
community corrections requirements beyond meeting one time with the supervision officer
for intake upon her release from jail.

      The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.




                                         ____________________________________
                                         ROBERT H. MONTGOMERY, JR., JUDGE




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