                ARMED SERVICES BOARD OF CONTRACT APPEALS

Appeals of --                                 )
                                              )
Agility Logistics Services Company KSC        )      ASBCA Nos. 57415, 57416, 57417
                                              )                 57418,57419,57420
                                              )                 57421,57422,57423
                                              )                 57424,57425,57426
                                              )                 57895,57896,57897
                                              )                 57898,57899, 57900
                                              )                 57901,57902,57903
                                              )                 57904, 57905, 57906
                                              )                 57907
Under Contract No. DABVOl-04-D-0014           )

APPEARANCES FOR THE APPELLANT:                       Michael R. Charness, Esq.
                                                     John P. Elwood, Esq.
                                                     Jamie F. Tabb, Esq.
                                                     Joshua S. Johnson, Esq.
                                                     Elizabeth Krabill Mcintyre, Esq.
                                                      Vinson & Elkins
                                                      Washington, DC

APPEARANCES FOR THE GOVERNMENT:                      Raymond M. Saunders, Esq.
                                                      Army Chief Trial Attorney
                                                     Robert B. Neill, Esq.
                                                      Trial Attorney

  OPINION BY ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE MELNICK ON THE PARTIES'
 MOTIONS TO COMPEL AND RULING UPON REMAND FROM THE UNITED
      STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT

        These appeals have been remanded by the United States Court of Appeals for
the Federal Circuit for the limited purpose of determining the real party in interest and
the effect of that finding upon the Board's 9 December 2014 decision dismissing the
appeals for lack of jurisdiction. The court of appeals retains jurisdiction over the
appeal while the Board issues this determination. Agility Logistics Services Co. KSC
v. Carter, No. 2015-1555, slip op. (Fed. Cir. March 10, 2016), remanding Agility
Logistics Services Co. KSC, ASBCA No. 57415 et al., 15-1 BCA iJ 35,840. Because
these appeals involve contracts with the Coalition Provisional Authority of Iraq (CPA),
and the Board cannot exercise jurisdiction over disputes arising from them, the identity
of the real party in interest is inconsequential to the Board's 9 December 2014
dismissal. Consequently, any real party in interest issues would be governed by the
law of Iraq. Because the parties made no showing about the nature of that law, and the
Board lacks expertise in it, the Board cannot determine who, if anyone, is the real
party in interest to these claims in that nation. During the remand procedures, the
parties also filed motions to compel responses to written discovery. The Board denies
those motions.

       I.     Background

        In summary, the appeals arise from contracting officer decisions issued under the
above-referenced contract awarded to Public Warehousing Company, KSC (PWC) by
the CPA (app. Rule 21 report (R21 ), ex. 10 at GA 26).* See generally Agility Logistics
Services, 15-1 BCA if 35,840 at 175,262. PWC is a Kuwaiti company (R2 l, ex. 10 at
GA 61; gov't remand hr. at 3, if 1). On 23 September 2010, the contracting officer
issued government claims to a subsidiary of PWC called Agility Defense and
Government Services KSC or Agility DGS Logistics Company KSC (Agility DGS)
seeking $80,830,305.62 allegedly due under certain contract task orders (app. remand br.
if 2; gov't remand br. iii! 5, 46) Agility Logistics Services, 15-1 BCA if 35,840 at 175,265.
On 19 April 2011, another purported entity, Agility Logistics Services Company KSC
(Agility LSC), ostensibly submitted a certified claim to the contracting officer for
$47,196,205.98 in costs allegedly owed under the contract's task orders (R2 l, ex. 10 at
GA 100). That claim was denied on 15 December 2011. Agility Logistics Services, 15-1
BCA if 35,840 at 175,265. According to that document, PWC changed its name to
Agility LSC in November 2006 (R21, ex. 10 at GA 100). The Board consolidated
appeals from all of the contracting officer decisions under the Agility LSC caption after
the parties stipulated it was the proper appellant for all of the final decisions and agreed
there were no jurisdictional problems with proceeding. The parties also stipulated that
the contracting officer claims against Agility DGS were deemed to have been against
Agility LSC, which had properly and timely appealed the decisions. (R21, ex. 10 at
GA 54-55)

       Relying upon its established precedent, the Board ruled on 9 December 2014 that
the CPA is not an "executive agency" under the Contract Disputes Act (CDA), 41 U.S.C.
§§ 7101-7109, nor could the contract be the subject of an appeal under the A SB CA
Charter. Agility Logistics Services, 15-1 BCA if 35,840 at 175,266-67 (citing MAC Int'!
FZE, ASBCA No. 56355, 13 BCA if 25,299; MAC Int'! FZE, ASBCA No. 56355, 10-2
BCA if 34,591 ). Accordingly, the Board held it lacked jurisdiction to entertain appeals
arising from the contract and dismissed these appeals. Notably, the Board also found that
CPA Order No. 100 had rescinded the original Disputes clause of the contract and
provided for disputes resolution in accordance with the laws of Iraq. Id. at 175,263-64.



* Record citations are to the Board Rule 21 Reports submitted by the parties upon
       remand.

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        Agility LSC then appealed the Board's decision to the Court of Appeals for the
Federal Circuit. Its counsel subsequently represented to the court of appeals that,
contrary to prior statements, PWC had not changed its name to Agility LSC. According
to counsel, PWC's current name is Agility Public Warehousing Company KSCP.
Counsel contended before the court that references to Agility LSC should be
understood to mean Agility Public Warehousing Company KSCP. The government
asked for a remand, questioning Agility LSC's standing, the assumptions behind the
parties' stipulation that Agility LSC was the proper party, and its CDA certification.
The court ordered a limited remand to the Board to determine the real party in interest
and the impact of that determination on the Board's 9 December 2014 decision
dismissing the appeal. Agility Logistics Services Co. KSC v. Carter, No. 2015-1555,
slip op. at 3-4.

       II.    Clarification to the Board's 9 December 2014 Decision

          After review on remand, there is no dispute that the contract was awarded by
the CPA to PWC on 6 June 2004 (app. remand br. ii 1; gov't remand hr. iii! 1, 27; R21,
ex. 10 at GA 26). Nor is it disputed that the contractor remains the entity formerly
known as PWC, which changed its name in Kuwait to Agility Public Warehousing
Company KSC on 25 May 2008 (app. remand hr. iii! 7, 11, 17; gov't remand br. iii! 3,
27, 29). There is also now agreement that Agility LSC has never existed (app. remand
br. iii! 8, 11; gov't remand br. iJ 34). Accordingly, the Board clarifies that Agility LSC
is not the contractor.

       III.   Effect ofA Real Party In Interest Determination on the Board's Prior
              Ruling

       "[T]he real-party-in-interest principle is a means to identify the person who
possesses the right sought to be enforced." 6A CHARLES ALAN WRIGHT,
ARTHUR R. MILLER & MARY KAY KANE, FEDERAL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE § 1542
(3d ed. 2010). Considering the second issue remanded by the court of appeals first, the
identity of the party possessing the legal right sought to be enforced under this contract
does not impact the Board's 9 December 2014 dismissal for lack of jurisdiction. The
Board's dismissal did not focus upon the identity or status of the claimant, but instead
upon the governmental entity that was party to the contract. Neither the CDA nor the
ASBCA Charter confer jurisdiction upon the Board to entertain an appeal arising from
this contract with the CPA. Agility Logistics Services, 15-1BCAii35,840 at 175,266-69.
That result is unaffected by further inquiry into the identity of the real party in interest
attempting to pursue the appeal against the CPA.

       On remand, the government suggests that because Agility LSC does not exist it
lacks standing to pursue these appeals, which the government says constitutes a basis
to change the dismissal from one without prejudice to one with prejudice. '"Standing'


                                            3
is an inquiry into 'whether the [claimant] constitutes the type of person or party that
may submit the case or controversy proffered for consideration."' SWR, Inc., ASBCA
No. 56708, 12-1BCA~34,988 at 171,945 (quoting Maniere v. United States, 31 Fed.
Cl. 410, 420 (1994) ). Lack of standing is a jurisdictional defect, dictating a dismissal
without prejudice. See Pacific Gas and Elec. Co. v. United States, 83 8 F .3d 1341,
1349-50 (Fed. Cir. 2016); Broadway Consol. Cos., Inc., ASBCA No. 56905, 11-2
BCA ~ 34,884. Thus, it is not a basis to change the nature of the existing dismissal.

        The government also challenges the validity of the CDA claim certification
purportedly submitted by Agility LSC. The government acknowledges that its attack
upon the certification presumes the CDA applies even though it agrees with the Board
the CDA does not. The government essentially seeks an opinion about the
certification's validity under a hypothetical scenario where the CDA applies. The
Board declines to engage in such an exercise.

       IV.    Real Party In Interest

        Typically, once a forum determines it lacks jurisdiction over an action it makes
no further findings and dismisses. See FED. R. CIV. P. 12(h)(3); Steel Co. v. Citizens
for a Better Env 't, 523 U.S. 83, 93-102 (1998). However, the court of appeals seeks
the Board to determine the real party in interest. "[T]o determine whether the
requirement that the action be brought by the real party in interest has been satisfied,
the [Board] must look to the substantive law creating the right being sued upon to see
if the action has been instituted by the party possessing the substantive right to relief."
WRIGHT, MILLER & KANE, § 1544. As noted, it is undisputed that Agility LSC does
not exist and neither party now contends that it is the real party in interest. Appellant
contends the real party in interest is PWC, which has now legally changed its name in
Kuwait to Agility Public Warehousing Company KSCP. It requests the Board to
recaption the appeal with that name.

        The Board found in its initial decision that the Iraqi Interim Government
assumed responsibility for this contract upon dissolution of the CPA. It also found
that, immediately prior to that transfer of authority, CPA Order No. I 00 rescinded this
contract's Disputes clause and provided for resolution of disputes in accordance with
the laws oflraq. Agility Logistics Services, 15-1 BCA ~ 35,840 at 175,263-64.
Board Rule 6( c) states that the determination of foreign law is a question of law.
Though the Board may attempt to ascertain foreign law on its own, it may impose
upon the party relying upon it the burden of demonstrating its application. Weigel
Hochdrucktechnik GmbH & Co. KG, ASBCA No. 57207, 12-1BCA~34,975
at 171,924. Appellant has not shown who, if anyone, possesses a right to sue upon
these claims under the law of Iraq, and the Board lacks sufficient expertise to answer
that question on its own. Additionally, though appellant has presented documentation
indicating that PWC changed its name in Kuwait to Agility Public Warehousing


                                             4
Company KSCP, it has not shown that evidence would be recognized in Iraq. For this
reason, as well as the fact that it is beyond the scope of the remand order, appellant's
request to re-caption the appeal is denied.

       V.     Motions to Compel

         Finally, the government has filed a motion to compel certain written discovery
 it served after remand. The motion applies to requests about CDA claim certifications,
Agility LSC's status, the identities of people with knowledge about its status, dates
that it was discovered not to exist, and requests for production of responsive
documents. Appellant filed a motion to compel seeking its own specified relief only in
the event the government prevailed upon its motion. The parties then completed
briefing the remand proceeding without a ruling on the motion to compel. Given the
Board's determination that the CDA does not apply, information about the purported
CDA certification is irrelevant. Similarly, it is undisputed that Agility LSC does not
exist. The government has failed to show why the specific details it seeks about when
that fact was discovered, and who knew about it, is relevant to the remand proceeding.
See FED. R. CIV. P. 26(b)(l) (restricting discovery to matters that are relevant to a
party's claim or defense). Accordingly, the government's motion to compel (as well
as appellant's contingent motion) is denied.

                                    CONCLUSION

        In summary, the Board makes three primary conclusions on remand. First, the
identity of the real party in interest possessing the legal right sought to be enforced
under this contract does not impact the Board's 9 December 2014 dismissal for lack of
jurisdiction. Second, determining the application of any real party in interest standard
requires resort to the law of Iraq. The parties have made no effort to demonstrate that
law and the Board does not possess the expertise to determine it. Third, Agility LSC
does not exist, PWC (as known by subsequent names) is the contractor, but the Board
cannot determine whether Agility Public Warehousing Company KSCP is PWC's
recognized name in Iraq. Finally, the parties' motions to compel are denied.

       Dated: 14 February 201 7


                                               2=-et/Z&
                                                  MARK A. MELNICK
                                                  Administrative Judge
                                                  Armed Services Board
                                                  of Contract Appeals

(Signatures continued)


                                           5
 I concur                                        I concur

                                 :r-----
 ~~~---"~~-'----1'--=--'="-·"'--"-~
                                                       I

                                                            .-.
                                                    ~ACKLEFORD

 Administrative Judge                            Administrative Judge
 Acting Chairman                                 Vice Chairman
 Armed Services Board                            Armed Services Board
 of Contract Appeals                             of Contract Appeals


      I certify that the foregoing is a true copy of the Opinion and Decision of the
Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals in ASBCA Nos. 57415, 57416, 57417,
57418,57419,57420,57421,57422,57423, 57424,57425,57426, 57895,57896,
57897,57898,57899,57900,57901,57902,57903,57904,57905,57906,57907,
Appeals of Agility Logistics Services Company KSC, rendered in conformance with
the Board's Charter.

      Dated:



                                                 JEFF~~aAiL
                                                 Recorder, Armed Services
                                                 Board of Contract Appeals




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