                                NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.




                                                        SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                        APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                        DOCKET NO. A-4301-16T2


VINCENT J. D'ELIA, ESQ.,
and D'ELIA & MCCARTHY,

         Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

KELLY LAW, PC, and
CHARLES P. KELLY, ESQ.,

     Defendants-Respondents.
____________________________

                   Submitted October 4, 2018 – Decided May 30, 2019

                   Before Judges O'Connor and DeAlmeida.

                   On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                   Division, Hudson County, Docket No. L-4917-16.

                   D'Elia & McCarthy Law Offices, appellant pro se
                   (Vincent J. D'Elia, on the brief).

                   Kelly Law, PC, respondent pro se (Charles P. Kelly, of
                   counsel and on the brief; Bradley Latino, on the brief).

PER CURIAM
      Plaintiffs Vincent J. D'Elia, Esq., and D'Elia & McCarthy (D'Elia) appeal

from an April 13, 2017 order dismissing their complaint against defendants

Kelly Law, PC and Charles P. Kelly, Esq. (Kelly) on the ground D'Elia failed to

state a claim upon which relief can be granted, see Rule 4:6-2(e). We affirm.

                                       A

      When considering an application for relief under Rule 4:6-2(e), a court is

required to search "the complaint in depth and with liberality to ascertain

whether the fundament of a cause of action may be gleaned even from an obscure

statement of claim, opportunity being given to amend if necessary." Printing

Mart-Morristown v. Sharp Elecs. Corp., 116 N.J. 739, 746 (1989) (quoting Di

Cristofaro v. Laurel Grove Mem'l Park, 43 N.J. Super. 244, 252 (App. Div.

1957)). In so doing, a court must "assume the facts as asserted by [a] plaintiff

are true and give [the plaintiff] the benefit of all inferences that may be drawn

in [plaintiff's] favor." Velantzas v. Colgate-Palmolive Co., 109 N.J. 189, 192

(1988). "Obviously, if the complaint states no basis for relief and discovery

would not provide one, dismissal is the appropriate remedy." Banco Popular N.

Am. v. Gandi, 184 N.J. 161, 166 (2005).

      Rule 4:6-2(e) specifically provides that only the pleading sought to be

struck may be considered by the court to determine if it fails to state a claim


                                                                        A-4301-16T2
                                       2
upon which relief can be granted.       If matters outside of the pleading are

presented to and not excluded by the court, the motion is to be treated as one for

summary judgment and disposed of as required by Rule 4:46. See R. 4:6-2(e).

However, a motion to dismiss under Rule 4:6-2(e) is not converted into a motion

for summary judgment if a party submits and a court reviews a document that is

specifically referenced in the complaint. See Pressler & Verniero, Current N.J.

Court Rules, cmt. 4.1.2 on R. 4:6-2 (2019) (citing N.J. Sports Prods., Inc. v.

Bobby Bostick Promotions, LLC, 405 N.J. Super. 173, 178-79 (Ch. Div. 2007)).

      In light of the requirement that only the pleading sought to be struck may

be considered by the court to determine if it fails to state a claim upon which

relief can be granted, we summarize the pertinent allegations in D'Elia's

complaint. In addition, we reference certain portions of some of the documents

mentioned in the complaint.

                                        B

Allegations in Complaint

      Anthony Verdoni entered into an employment agreement with the HeyDay

Corporation (HeyDay) on January 30, 2008. Verdoni commenced working for

HeyDay on or about the latter date. On April 23, 2009, HeyDay terminated




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                                        3
Verdoni, who then retained plaintiff Anthony J. D'Elia, Esq.1 sometime in 2009

to take action against HeyDay for breaching the employment agreement.

      With the exception of certain kinds of disputes that are not applicable here,

a provision in the employment agreement requires all disputes be resolved by

arbitration. That provision states:

                  8.      Arbitration of Disputes.         Except for
            disputes arising under Sections 5 (Non-Competition)
            and 7 (Confidential Information) which shall be
            resolved through direct court access in accordance with
            Section 6, all other disputes arising out of or concerning
            the interpretation or application of the Agreement,
            including, without being limited to, any claims that the
            application of the Agreement or the termination of the
            employment relationship established by this Agreement
            violates any federal, state or local law, regulation or
            ordinance shall be resolved as follows:

                  In the event any dispute between the parties
            concerning this Agreement cannot be resolved through
            discussion between the parties, either party may, thirty
            (30) calendar days after initiation of such discussion,
            refer the issue to arbitration under the then-existing
            rules of the American Arbitration Association
            ("AAA").

                  The arbitration shall be held . . . in Media, . . .
            Pennsylvania. . . . The award shall be final and binding
            and not subject to judicial review. It shall, however, be
            enforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction.

1
   The complaint states that plaintiff D’Elia & McCarthy is an "inactive" law
firm.


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                                        4
Of significance is a provision in the agreement that governs choice of law. That

provision provides in relevant part:

            11. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed
            and construed according to the laws of the State of
            Delaware without regard to its laws which may direct
            the application of the laws of a different jurisdiction.

      In August 2012, Verdoni discharged D'Elia and instead retained Kelly to

represent him. In September 2012, Kelly filed a demand for arbitration on

Verdoni's behalf with the American Arbitration Association.             Thereafter,

Heyday asserted Verdoni's claims were time-barred. HeyDay and Verdoni

agreed the arbitrator would decide the question of whether Verdoni's claims

were barred by the statute of limitations. After both parties submitted briefs on

this issue, the arbitrator found that, under Delaware law, a three-year statute of

limitations applied. The arbitrator dismissed Verdoni's claims on the ground he

failed to demand arbitration before the three-year statute of limitations expired.

      In June 2013, Verdoni filed a complaint alleging D'Elia committed legal

malpractice for failing to demand arbitration within the three-year statute of

limitations. Approximately three weeks later, with Verdoni's consent and on his

behalf, D'Elia filed a petition in the United States District Court for the District




                                                                           A-4301-16T2
                                         5
of New Jersey seeking vacatur of the arbitrator's decision to dismiss Verdoni's

claims.

      In addition to other arguments, Verdoni maintained that, in the absence of

an express provision in an agreement to the contrary, Pennsylvania law on

choice of law and the statute of limitations governed the employment agreement.

Therefore, because Pennsylvania law allows a party four years to demand

arbitration after being terminated by an employer, Verdoni's demand for

arbitration was timely.

      In November 2016, the federal district court issued a decision denying

Verdoni's request for relief and dismissed his petition. The court stated in

pertinent part:

             [T]he arbitrator has the authority to determine whether
             the claims were timely filed, and the argument that the
             Agreement did not articulate a statute of limitations
             appears to lack merit when one reads the entire
             Agreement. The Agreement applies to "all other
             disputes arising out of or concerning the interpretation
             in the agreement[,]"[] as well as to "any claims."
             Obviously that language confers broad scope of
             authority on [the arbitrator] in determining the issues.

                   Verdoni's attorney also argues that Pennsylvania
             law applies rather than Delaware [law]. However, the
             Agreement reads that "this Agreement shall be
             governed and construed according to the laws of
             Delaware without regard to its laws which may direct
             the application of the laws of another state." That

                                                                        A-4301-16T2
                                        6
              language clearly indicates that Delaware law applies,
              and that is the law which [the arbitrator] applied in his
              decision. . . . As such, the motion to vacate the award is
              denied and the petition is dismissed.

      In December 2016, D'Elia filed his complaint in the within matter. The

complaint states D'Elia is bringing this action pursuant to the Joint Tortfeasors

Contribution Law, N.J.S.A. 2A:53A-3. D'Elia seeks contribution from Kelly in

the event D'Elia is found liable and must pay damages to Verdoni. D'Elia claims

defendants committed malpractice when before the arbitrator because they did

not "properly brief" the arbitrator on the statute of limitations issue and, thus,

failed to "obtain a proper ruling on the applicable statute of limitations."

Therefore, "the contribution [D'Elia] seeks from Kelly is 100% of any award in

favor of [Verdoni] in the malpractice action, based upon the fact that Kelly's

actions were 100% the proximate cause of any compensable injury to

Verdoni[.]"

                                          C

      Kelly filed a motion to dismiss D'Elia's complaint for failure to state a

claim upon which relief can be granted pursuant to Rule 4:6-2(e). The trial court

granted Kelly's motion and dismissed the complaint, finding D'Elia did not have

a claim for contribution against defendants because D'Elia's alleged acts of legal

malpractice were committed before defendants'.

                                                                           A-4301-16T2
                                          7
      D'Elia appeals, asserting a host of arguments. After considering them in

light of the record and applicable legal principles, we conclude they are without

sufficient merit to warrant discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).

Nevertheless, we make the following observations.

      Enacted in 1952, the Joint Tortfeasors Contribution Law, N.J.S.A.

2A:53A-1 to -5, is inapplicable in these circumstances. D'Elia would be entitled

to contribution from defendants only if D'Elia and defendants were joint

tortfeasors. "'[J]oint tortfeasors' means two or more persons jointly or severally

liable in tort for the same injury . . . ." N.J.S.A. 2A:53A-1 (emphasis added);

see also Finderne Mgmt. Co. v. Barrett, 355 N.J. Super. 197, 208 (App. Div.

2002).

      Joint tortfeasors must share "joint liability and not joint, common or

concurrent negligence." Farren v. New Jersey Tpk. Auth., 31 N.J. Super. 356,

362 (App. Div. 1954) (quoting Guerriero v. U-Drive-It Co. of New Jersey, 22

N.J. Super 588, 603 (Law Div. 1952)). The liability must be common and arise

at the same time plaintiff's cause of action accrued. "It is common liability at

the time of the accrual of plaintiff's cause of action which is the Sine qua non of

defendant's contribution right." Cherry Hill Manor Assocs. v. Faugno, 182 N.J.




                                                                          A-4301-16T2
                                        8
64, 72 (2004) (quoting Markey v. Skog, 129 N.J. Super. 192, 200 (Law Div.

1974)).

      Therefore, joint liability can only stem from a single injury. Id. at 73. As

such, "separate acts of malpractice cannot constitute the 'joint liability' required

for the imposition of contribution liability under the [Joint Tortfeasors

Contribution Law]." Id. at 73. Determination of whether the liability is for the

same injury requires consideration of the pleadings. Finderne, 355 N.J. Super.

at 208. "Where the pleadings show separate torts, severable as to time and

breaching different duties, rather than a joint tort, dismissal of the third -party

action is appropriate." Ibid.

      Here, the acts of malpractice D'Elia claims Kelly committed were separate

from and occurred after those D'Elia allegedly committed. Kelly's alleged act

of malpractice was a "separate tort[], severable as to time and breaching [a]

different dut[y]." Ibid. D'Elia's and Kelly's liability are not common and did

not arise at the same time Verdoni's cause of action against D'Elia accrued.

D'Elia and Kelly are not liable for the same injury and are not joint tortfeasors.

Accordingly, the trial court appropriately dismissed D'Elia's complaint on the

ground it failed to state a claim upon which relief can be granted pursuant to

Rule 4:6-2(e).


                                                                           A-4301-16T2
                                         9
      We are mindful that, at the outset of its decision, the trial court stated it

was treating the motion as if it were one for summary judgment, because Kelly

had appended "multiple documents that are beyond the four corners of the

pleadings." However, it is apparent the trial court did not – or need to – rely

upon any document other than the complaint and the documents referenced in

such pleading to arrive at its decision.

      Moreover, a Rule 4:6-2(e) motion to dismiss should be granted if the

complaint fails to articulate a legally sufficient basis entitling the plaintiff to

relief. See Camden Cty. Energy Recovery Assocs. v. New Jersey Dep't of Envtl.

Prot., 320 N.J. Super. 59, 64 (App. Div. 1999), aff'd o.b., 170 N.J. 246 (2001).

As previously observed, "if the complaint states no basis for relief and discovery

would not provide one, dismissal is the appropriate remedy." Banco Popular,

184 N.J. at 166. We are satisfied the court decided the motion to dismiss in

accordance with Rule 4:6-2(e).

      Affirmed.




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                                       10
