                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                     No. 19-0337
                                  Filed April 1, 2020


STATE OF IOWA,
     Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

JAMISON ALBERT FISHER,
     Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________


       Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Scott County, Nancy S. Tabor,

Judge.



       Jamison Fisher appeals his conviction of theft in the first degree.

AFFIRMED.



       Martha J. Lucey, State Appellate Defender, and Nan Jennisch, Assistant

Appellate Defender, for appellant.

       Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Richard Bennett, Assistant

Attorney General, for appellee.



       Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Doyle and May, JJ. Tabor, J., takes

no part.
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MAY, Judge.

          Jamison Fisher appeals his conviction for first-degree theft. He argues

there was insufficient evidence to prove one of the State’s alternate theories. We

affirm.

          On September 8, 2018, Bradley Maxwell reported the theft of his 1993 GMC

Sierra truck and an attached trailer. He had parked it in the parking lot of his

business, Maxwell Transmission. The attached trailer was used to transport race

cars. It contained various tools. Bradley testified he may have forgotten the keys

in the truck but no one had permission to take his truck and trailer.

          Bradley’s friend spotted the truck, and police responded. Fisher and Emily

Hintze were found with the truck. But the trailer was not there. Fisher and Hintze

were arrested. They were released the following day.

          Bradley’s son, Derek Maxwell, remembered Hintze from high school. He

confronted her about the missing trailer over Facebook. He received the following

response from Hintze’s Facebook account: “This is Jamie Fisher . . . . Your trailer

is on the island parked it on an empty lot it’s not a big place you can find it. The

girl had nothing to do with it the [drugs] she had on her was mine.” The trailer was

then found.

          A jury found Fisher guilty of first-degree theft. He appeals.

          Fisher contends the evidence was insufficient for one of the State’s theories

for first-degree theft. We question whether Fisher adequately preserved error on

this claim. As the State points out, Fisher’s trial counsel made only a very general

claim on evidence insufficiency. See State v. Hanneman, No. 17-1147, 2018 WL

3650311, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App. Aug. 1, 2018) (“To preserve an issue for appellate
                                          3


review, a motion for judgment of acquittal must make direct reference to claimed

evidentiary insufficiency.”).    But Fisher alternatively raises an ineffective-

assistance claim to bypass any error preservation issue.1 See State v. Fountain,

786 N.W.2d 260, 263 (Iowa 2010) (“Ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims are

an exception to the traditional error-preservation rules.”). So we continue to the

merits of the argument.

       “We review sufficiency-of-evidence claims for correction of errors at law. In

reviewing the evidence, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the

State. We will uphold a verdict if substantial evidence supports it.” State v.

Rooney, 862 N.W.2d 367, 371 (Iowa 2015) (citations omitted).               Ineffective

assistance claims are reviewed de novo. State v. Thorndike, 860 N.W.2d 316, 319

(Iowa 2015).2




1 We recognize section 814.7 was recently amended to provide in pertinent part:
“An ineffective assistance of counsel claim in a criminal case shall be determined
by filing an application for postconviction relief” and “shall not be decided on direct
appeal from the criminal proceedings.” See 2019 Iowa Acts ch. 140, § 31. But
because this appeal was pending on July 1, 2019, we may consider Fisher’s
ineffective-assistance claim on direct appeal if the record is sufficient. See State
v. Macke, 933 N.W.2d 226, 228 (Iowa 2019).
2 To succeed under the ineffective-assistance framework, Fisher must show

counsel breached an essential duty and prejudice resulted. State v. Walker, 935
N.W.2d 874, 881 (Iowa 2019). “Because the test for ineffective assistance of
counsel is a two-pronged test, a defendant must show both prongs have been
met.” Nguyen v. State, 878 N.W.2d 744, 754 (Iowa 2016). If a defendant cannot
prove either prong, we need not address the other. See id.
        As to the first prong, we consider whether “counsel’s representation fell
below an objective standard of reasonableness.” State v. Ortiz, 905 N.W.2d 174,
183 (Iowa 2017) (citation omitted). We consider whether counsel acted “outside
the wide range of professionally competent assistance.” Id. at 184 (citation
omitted). We presume counsel acted reasonably. Id. And “counsel has no duty
to raise an issue that lacks merit.” Id. So, to prevail, Fisher must show his
underlying claim has merit. See id.
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          At trial, the State presented two theories of theft—theft by taking and theft

by possession of stolen property. See State v. Garnett, No. 02-0220, 2002 WL

31757972, at *1 (Iowa Ct. App. Dec. 11, 2002) (“When alternate theories are

submitted to a jury, the verdict need not be unanimous on a particular means of

committing the crime if there is substantial evidence to support each alternative

and those alternatives are not repugnant to each other.”). Fisher asserts there is

insufficient evidence to establish theft by taking.

          “Iowa Code section 714.1(1) [(2019)] provides that a person commits ‘theft

by taking’ when he or she ‘[t]akes possession or control of the property of another,

or property in the possession of another, with the intent to deprive the other

thereof.’” State v. Nall, 894 N.W.2d 514, 517 (Iowa 2017). Fisher contends there

was no evidence he took possession or control of the truck and trailer.3

          We disagree. It is true there is no direct evidence—such as an eyewitness

or a video recording—of Fisher taking the truck and trailer from Maxwell

Transmission. But Hintze testified Fisher picked her up in the truck on September

8—the day it was stolen. And Hintze also testified she had no idea the truck was

stolen.     So that leaves Fisher as the thief, a jury could infer.      See State v.

Hershberger, 534 N.W.2d 464, 465–66 (Iowa Ct. App. 1995) (“We agree with the




3 While Fisher asserts “the State failed to establish Fisher took possession or
control of property with the intent to deprive the owner thereof,” his brief does not
provide any support, analysis, or further argument on the intent element.
Therefore, we find this issue insufficient for our appellate review. See State v.
Mann, 602 N.W.2d 785, 788 n.1 (Iowa 1999) (noting the mere mention of an issue
without analysis, argument, or supporting authority is insufficient to prompt
appellate consideration).
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State’s position Defendant’s possession and control of the motorcycle are

sufficient evidence to support a finding there was a taking.”).

       Hintze also testified that it was Fisher who sent the Facebook message—

which began, “This is Jamie Fisher”—to Derek. Through that message, Fisher

directly connected himself to the trailer.    Indeed, one could almost read the

message as a confession that only he—and not Hintze, “the girl”—was responsible

for the trailer’s disappearance.

       Regardless, when taken altogether and viewed in the light most favorable

to the State, there was sufficient circumstantial evidence for the jury to connect the

dots and conclude Fisher took the truck and trailer. We affirm Fisher’s conviction.4

       AFFIRMED.




4 Fisher also asks this court to find Iowa Code section 814.28 does not affect
Fisher’s right to a new trial. Because we find a new trial is not warranted, we
decline to address this issue.
