                  United States Court of Appeals
                             For the Eighth Circuit
                         ___________________________

                                 No. 13-1421
                         ___________________________

                      Vickie Kemp, on behalf of Charles Kemp

                        lllllllllllllllllllll Plaintiff - Appellant

                                            v.

   Carolyn W. Colvin, Acting Commissioner of Social Security Administration

                        lllllllllllllllllllll Defendant - Appellee
                                       ____________

                      Appeal from United States District Court
                  for the Eastern District of Arkansas - Jonesboro
                                   ____________

                            Submitted: January 15, 2014
                             Filed: February 25, 2014
                                  ____________

Before LOKEN, BYE, and BENTON, Circuit Judges.
                           ____________

BYE, Circuit Judge.

       Charles Kemp (Charles) filed applications for disability insurance benefits and
supplemental security income. An administrative law judge (ALJ) found that he was
not disabled because he could perform a job a vocational expert (VE) identified in
response to a hypothetical the ALJ posed. After the Appeals Council denied review,
Kemp died. His surviving spouse, Vickie Kemp (Vickie), sought judicial review, and
the district court affirmed the Commissioner's decision. The sole issue in this appeal
is whether the VE's testimony as to what job Charles could perform, despite the
physical limitations the ALJ described in his hypothetical, conflicted with the
Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT), and thus whether the ALJ properly relied
on the VE's testimony to find Charles not disabled. Because we are unable to discern
from the record whether there is conflict between the occupational listing at issue–
DOT #737.687-026 (Check Weigher)–and the VE’s response to the hypothetical, we
remand the case for further proceedings.

                                          I

       The record before the ALJ relevant to Charles's physical limitations included
consulting physician Sudesh Banaji's March 2009 report of a general physical
examination. Among other abnormal examination findings, Dr. Banaji documented
a decreased range of motion of both shoulders on forward elevation from a normal of
150 degrees to 120 degrees. Dr. Banaji's opinion as to Charles's limitations included
moderate ones in carrying and handling objects. In a form dated March 2010, a
medical consultant who reviewed the record found as to physical residual functional
capacity–the most Charles could still do despite the physical limitations from his
impairments, see 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1545(a)(1), 416.945(a)(1)–that Charles could
perform light work, and could occasionally climb, balance, stoop, kneel, crouch, and
crawl. He also checked a box reflecting limitations in "[r]eaching in all directions
(including overhead)," and in describing how reaching was impaired, he wrote "OCC
[occasional] overhead reaching." His related comments were that Charles had a
history of shoulder pain, and decreases in shoulder range of motion.

       Before the VE testified at the June 2010 administrative hearing, the ALJ
directed that the testimony was to be consistent with information contained in the
DOT, and its companion publication, the Selected Characteristics of Occupations
(SCO); and that if there was an "apparent unresolved conflict" between the VE's
testimony and these sources, the VE was to explain it and give the source for his

                                         -2-
explanation. In a hypothetical, the ALJ described a claimant of Charles's age,
education, and work experience who could engage in sedentary work; could
occasionally climb, balance, stoop, bend, crouch, kneel, and crawl; and could
occasionally reach overhead with each upper extremity. Due to a diagnosis of anxiety
and depression by a consulting psychologist, the ALJ included other restrictions that
essentially limited Kemp to unskilled work. The VE responded that the hypothetical
claimant could not engage in Charles's past relevant work–mostly truck driving, which
was unskilled medium work–but he could work as a check weigher, which the VE
identified as DOT listing #737.687-026, adding that this job was available in
substantial numbers regionally and nationally.

       In the ALJ's September 2010 opinion, he followed the requisite five-step
sequential evaluation process.1 He determined that Charles had not engaged in
substantial gainful activity since January 1, 2007, his amended alleged onset date; and
that his severe impairments–osteoarthritis of his left knee, groin pain with a history
of hernia surgeries, bilateral shoulder pain, anxiety, and depression–did not alone or
combined meet or equal the requirements of a listed impairment. As to Charles's
physical residual functional capacity, the ALJ's findings mirrored those in the
hypothetical to the VE; he explained that he concurred with the reviewing medical
consultant, but limited Charles to sedentary work because he was giving some weight
to Charles's testimony about pain. Finally, he determined that Charles's past relevant
work was precluded by his residual functional capacity, but that he could perform the
job the VE identified; he noted, without explanation, that the VE's testimony was


      1
        The five-step sequence involves determining whether (1) a claimant's work
activity, if any, amounts to substantial gainful activity; (2) his impairments, alone or
combined, are medically severe; (3) his severe impairments meet or medically equal
a listed impairment; (4) his residual functional capacity precludes his past relevant
work; and (5) his residual functional capacity permits an adjustment to any other
work. The evaluation process ends if a determination of disabled or not disabled can
be made at any step. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a)-(g); 416.920(a)-(g).

                                          -3-
consistent with the information contained in the DOT. The Appeals Council denied
review, and the district court affirmed.

                                           II

       We review de novo the district court's determination that the Commissioner's
decision is supported by substantial evidence on the record as a whole, which is less
than a preponderance, but enough for a reasonable mind to find adequate to support
the conclusion. See Jones v. Astrue, 619 F.3d 963, 968 (8th Cir. 2010). This court
has held that when VE testimony conflicts with the DOT, the DOT controls if its
classifications are unrebutted, see id. at 978; and that in such a circumstance, the VE's
testimony does not constitute substantial evidence upon which the Commissioner may
rely to meet the burden of proving the existence of other jobs in the economy a
claimant can perform, see Porch v. Chater, 115 F.3d 567, 571-72 (8th Cir. 1997). In
appendix C of the SCO, "reaching" is defined as "extending the hands and arms in any
direction"–which is how the term is defined on the residual-functional-capacity form
the reviewing medical consultant completed–and the DOT indicates in listing
#737.687-026, the check-weigher description, that this job requires "constantly" (2/3
or more of the time) reaching. On appeal Vickie argues that the VE's testimony that
Charles could perform the check-weigher job conflicted with the hypothetical, because
the ALJ described a claimant who could reach overhead only occasionally; and that
this apparent conflict was not resolved on the record.

      Under the standards for using VE evidence and other reliable occupational
information in disability decisions, see Social Security Ruling (SSR) 00-4p, 2000 WL
1898704, at **2-4 (Dec. 4, 2000), the ALJ has an affirmative responsibility to ask
about "any possible conflict"2 between VE evidence and the DOT, and its companion

      2
       SSR 00-4p uses other phrases to describe a conflict between VE evidence and
the DOT/SCO: "conflict," "any conflict," "apparent conflict," "apparent unresolved
conflict." There does not appear to be any difference in the meaning of these phrases,

                                          -4-
publication (the SCO), on the requirements of a job or occupation before relying on
VE evidence to support a determination of not disabled. See Jones, 619 F.3d at 977-
78 (SSR 00-4p mandates that ALJ ask VE whether there is conflict, and to obtain
explanation for any such conflict). While the ALJ gave specific directions to the VE
before he testified, the record does not reflect whether the VE or the ALJ even
recognized the possible conflict between the hypothetical describing a claimant who
could reach overhead only occasionally, and DOT job listing #737.687-026 indicating
that a check-weigher job involved constant reaching. Further, the VE did not explain
the possible conflict and the ALJ sought no such explanation. See Montgomery v.
Chater, 69 F.3d 273, 275-77 (8th Cir. 1995) (none of three DOT job listings VE
identified were compatible with claimant's abilities as set forth in ALJ's hypothetical,
and while VE's task is to determine whether jobs exist for someone with claimant's
precise disabilities, VE did not testify that traits of identified jobs varied from way
DOT described them). Thus, the Commissioner did not meet her burden, at step five
of the sequential evaluation process, of establishing that jobs existed in the economy
that Charles was capable of performing. See id. at 277.

                                          III

      We vacate the district court's judgment and remand the case with instructions
to remand to the Commissioner for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.3
                      ______________________________




and we use the phrase "possible conflict" to encompass them all.
      3
        As appellant recognized at oral argument, the necessary resolution of the
identified issue may be accomplished by written interrogatories posed to the VE, and
thus another administrative hearing may not be required.

                                          -5-
