J-S19044-15

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

DAVID BARNES,                              :      IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                           :            PENNSYLVANIA
                  Appellant                :
                                           :
            v.                             :
                                           :
STEPHANIE BARNES,                          :
                                           :
                  Appellee                 :            No. 2463 EDA 2014

               Appeal from the Order entered on July 17, 2014
           in the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County,
             Civil Division, No. 2009-35782 Paces #549111275

BEFORE: STABILE, JENKINS and MUSMANNO, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.:                             FILED APRIL 29, 2015

      David Barnes (“Father”) appeals from the Order1 setting forth his

monthly child support. We affirm.

      In its Memorandum accompanying the support Order, the trial court

set forth the relevant procedural history as follows:

      []Stephanie Barnes [“Mother”] and [Father] were married on
      May 25, 1996[,] in Philadelphia, Pa. They are the parents of two
      minor children: [L.B.] … (D.O.B. 1/18/99) and [E.B.] … (D.O.B.
      4/11/06) [collectively “the Children”], both of whom reside
      primarily with Mother. The parties separated some time in 2009,
      and on November 4, 2009, Mother filed a Complaint in divorce,
      which included a claim for child support of the [C]hildren.

      On February 4, 2010, an interim Per Curiam Order was entered,
      wherein Father agreed to pay one-thousand dollars ($1,000) per
      month, and contribute fifty percent (50%) of the tuition for The



1
  We note that while the Order was dated July 15, 2014, the Order was
docketed and notice was sent to the parties on July 17, 2014. See Pa.R.C.P.
236(b); Pa.R.A.P. 108(b).
J-S19044-15


     Baldwin School (“Baldwin”)[2] for [L.B.] for the 2009-2010 school
     year only, and 50% of child care expenses for [E.B.]
     Accordingly, Father did not contribute to [L.B.’s] Baldwin tuition
     for the 2010-2011, 2011-2012, and 2012-2013 school years.
     On June 22, 2012, the parties entered into a property settlement
     agreement to equitably divide their marital assets.             Said
     agreement specifically states that the “agreement does not
     affect in any way child support or child custody. Each party is
     free to file any petition in the future to modify those issues.” On
     July 9, 2012, the parties were divorced from the bonds of
     matrimony. Thereafter[,] on October 15, 2012, Mother filed a
     [P]etition to modify the February 4, 2010 Support Order with the
     Domestic Relations Office. Mother alleged several changes of
     circumstances, including: 1) an increase in Father’s income; 2) a
     decrease in Mother’s income; and 3) [E.B.] was enrolled in
     [Baldwin].

     As a result of Mother’s [P]etition to modify, on March 8, 2013[,]
     the Master issued a recommendation in support wherein Father
     was to pay a total of $1,619.62 per month, allocated as
     [follows]: $912.80 per month for child support of two children,
     $181.95 per month for medical insurance provided by Mother,
     and $524.87 per month for private school tuition. On March 22,
     2013, Father filed … Exceptions ….            Specifically, Father
     challenge[d] the Master’s determination regarding his net
     income, and the reasonableness of private school tuition.

Memorandum and Order, 7/17/14, at 1-2 (footnote added).

     The trial court set forth what occurred next in its Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)

Opinion as follows:

     On February 21, 2014, t[he trial c]ourt presided over the de
     novo hearing and heard testimony from the parties about their
     respective earnings, and perspectives on the [C]hildren
     attending Baldwin. On that same date, t[he trial c]ourt issued
     an Order directing the parties to submit briefs on [the]
     admissibility of non-appearing expert report[s] by March 14,
     2014, and to submit post[-]hearings briefs by March 21, 2014.
     On March 21, 2014, Father’s counsel filed an Emergency Petition

2
  Baldwin is an all-girls independent private school located in Bryn Mawr,
Pennsylvania.


                                 -2-
J-S19044-15


     for Leave to Introduce [Father’s] 2013 filed [i]ncome [t]ax
     [r]eturn. Thereafter, on March 28, 2014, t[he trial c]ourt[,]
     upon consideration of Father’s Emergency Petition[,] issued an
     Order scheduling an additional hearing on May 14, 2014.

     On May 14, 2014, counsel for the parties conferenced before the
     [trial c]ourt to review Father’s 2013 income tax return. Counsel
     assessed various deductions, and discussed which deductions
     were appropriate or permissible for purposes of calculating
     Father’s income available for support. After [the] conference,
     counsel stipulated as follows: 1) Father’s gross income available
     for support in 2013 is $63,941; 2) Father[’s] tax deductions for
     2013 amount to $11,439; and accordingly, 3) Father’s net
     income for support for 2013 amounts to $52,502, which breaks
     down to $4,375.17 per month.[3]

     At the conclusion of the hearing on May 14, 2014, t[he trial
     c]ourt issued an Order directing the parties to file post-trial
     briefs, including proposed support calculations, within two (2)
     weeks of the date of this Order. After thorough review of all
     testimony, exhibits, and briefs submitted in the matter, th[e trial
     c]ourt on July [17], 2014[,] issued a Memorandum and Order,
     which calculated the parties’ net monthly income, analyzed
     whether private school tuition was a reasonable need pursuant
     to Pa.R.C.P. 1910.16-6(d), and ultimately directed Father to pay
     a monthly support obligation of $1,639.65, allocated as $897.4
     per month as basic child support for his two minor children, plus
     $183.67 per month for medical insurance provided by Mother,
     plus $558.52 per month for private school tuition. [The trial
     court stated that the support Order was effective January 1,
     2013.]

     On August 18, 2014, Father filed a Notice of Appeal … [and a




3
  Father is a self-employed exhibit/set designer, who works for the movie
and zoo business. Father is also a sculptor. Mother is a brand manager for
Ralph Lauren and has a net monthly income of $5,163.48.


                                 -3-
J-S19044-15


       court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Concise Statement.4]

Trial Court Opinion, 10/24/14, at 3-4 (footnotes omitted; footnotes added).

      On appeal, Father raises the following questions for our review:

      Did the trial court err in calculating the parties’ respective
      incomes because:

      (1)   it include[d] supposed [Individual Retirement Account
            (“IRA”)] funds as part of [Father’s] on-going income[;]

      (2)   [the] trial court erroneously excluded [Mother’s] personal
            perquisites[;]

      (3)   [the] trial court erred by including over $13,000
            unemployment compensation as on-going income[;]

      (4)   [the] trial court deviation from the guidelines to compel
            [Father] to pay for private school was an abuse of
            discretion[?]

      Did the trial court err by failing to require:

      (5)   that [M]other carry her burden of proof[,] and prove by
            competent evidence that public school is deficient, thereby
            justifying private school education[;]

      (6)   that [M]other prove that private school is a reasonable
            need that falls within the parties’ standard of living prior to
            separation[?]

Brief for Appellant at 4.


4
  Father’s Notice of Appeal as to the July 17, 2014 support Order is timely.
The thirtieth day after the entry of the Order was Saturday August 16, 2014.
See Pa.R.A.P. 903(a) (stating that a notice of appeal must be filed within
thirty days of the entry of the order from which the appeal is taken). Father
had until Monday, August 18, 2014 to file a notice of appeal. See 1
Pa.C.S.A. § 1908 (providing that when last day of any period of time
referred to in any statute falls on Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, such
day shall be omitted from computation). Thus, Father’s August 18, 2014
Notice of Appeal is timely.


                                   -4-
J-S19044-15


      Our standard of review for child support orders is as follows:

      When evaluating a support order, this Court may only reverse
      the trial court’s determination where the order cannot be
      sustained on any valid ground. We will not interfere with the
      broad discretion afforded the trial court absent an abuse of the
      discretion or insufficient evidence to sustain the support order.
      An abuse of discretion is not merely an error of judgment; if, in
      reaching a conclusion, the court overrides or misapplies the law,
      or the judgment exercised is shown by the record to be either
      manifestly unreasonable or the product of partiality, prejudice,
      bias or ill will, discretion has been abused.

W.A.M. v. S.P.C., 95 A.3d 349, 352 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citation omitted);

see also Brotzman–Smith v. Smith, 650 A.2d 471, 474 (Pa. Super. 1994)

(stating that an assessment of the credibility of the witness is within the

province of the trial court and the court is free to weigh the evidence

presented).

      In his brief, Father has addressed his claims regarding the calculation

of the parties’ incomes together. Father contends that the trial court erred

in calculating the parties’ incomes. Brief for Appellant at 7. Father argues

that the trial court erroneously included IRA funds amounting to $3,547 that

he withdrew prematurely, and unemployment compensation, in determining

his net income.   Id. at 7, 9.   Father asserts that these payments were a

one-time disbursement, and thus inflated his net income for 2013. Id. at 9-

10, 11. Father claims that the amount of child support is unreasonable, as it

forces him to live like a pauper. Id. at 10.

      “Generally, the amount of support to be awarded is based upon the

parties’ monthly net income.” Pa.R.C.P. 1910.16-2. “The assessment of the


                                  -5-
J-S19044-15


full measure of a parent’s income for the purposes of child support requires

courts … to determine ability to pay from all financial resources.”     D.H. v.

R.H., 900 A.2d 922, 930 (Pa. Super. 2006) (citation and internal quotation

marks omitted). “When determining income available for child support, the

court must consider all forms of income.” MacKinley v. Messerschmidt,

814 A.2d 680, 681 (Pa. Super. 2002). Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure

1910.16-2, which governs support and income calculations, states the

following in relevant part:

        (a) Monthly Gross Income. Monthly gross income is ordinarily
        based upon at least a six-month average of all of a party’s
        income. The term “income” is defined by the support law, 23
        Pa.C.S.A. § 4302,[5] and includes income from any source. The
        statute lists many types of income including, but not limited to:


5
    The Domestic Relations Code defines “income” as follows:

        “Income.” Includes compensation for services, including, but
        not limited to, wages, salaries, bonuses, fees, compensation in
        kind, commissions and similar items; income derived from
        business; gains derived from dealings in property; interest;
        rents; royalties; dividends; annuities; income from life insurance
        and endowment contracts; all forms of retirement; pensions;
        income from discharge of indebtedness; distributive share of
        partnership gross income; income in respect of a decedent;
        income from an interest in an estate or trust; military retirement
        benefits; railroad employment retirement benefits; social
        security benefits; temporary and permanent disability benefits;
        workers’ compensation; unemployment compensation; other
        entitlements to money or lump sum awards, without regard to
        source, including lottery winnings; income tax refunds;
        insurance compensation or settlements; awards or verdicts; and
        any form of payment due to and collectible by an individual
        regardless of source.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 4302.


                                   -6-
J-S19044-15


     (1) wages, salaries, bonuses, fees and commissions;

                                    ***

     (4) pensions and all forms of retirement;

                                    ***

     (6) Social Security disability benefits, Social Security retirement
     benefits, temporary and permanent disability benefits, workers’
     compensation and unemployment compensation;

                                    ***

     (c) Monthly Net Income.

     (1) Unless otherwise provided in these rules, the court shall
     deduct only the following items from monthly gross income to
     arrive at net income:

     (A) federal, state, and local income taxes;

     (B) unemployment compensation taxes and Local Services Taxes
     (LST);

     (C) F.I.C.A. payments (Social Security, Medicare and Self-
     Employment taxes) and non-voluntary retirement payments;

                                    ***

Pa.R.C.P. 1910.16-2 (footnote added).

     With regard to Father’s retirement funds, the trial court properly

calculated Father’s 2013 income to include income from the premature

withdrawal of his IRA and self-employment pension.          See Trial Court

Opinion, 10/24/14, at 7-8; see also Pa.R.C.P. 1910.16-2(a); Portugal v.

Portugal, 798 A.2d 246, 252 (Pa. Super. 2002) (stating that section 4302

of the Domestic Relations Code “broadly states that ‘all forms of retirement’



                                 -7-
J-S19044-15


and ‘pensions’ constitute income.”).     Here, Father introduced his 2013

income tax return into the record and stipulated that his net yearly income

was $52,502, making his monthly income $4,375.15. See N.T., 5/14/14, at

7; see also Trial Court Opinion, 10/24/14, at 7. Father’s net yearly income

included his early withdrawal of $1,430 from his Vanguard IRA, and $2,117

from his self-employment pension. See N.T., 5/14/14, at 6; see also Trial

Court Opinion, 10/24/14, at 8.       After entering the stipulation, Father’s

counsel argued that the early withdrawal of his retirement accounts should

not be included in the income calculation going forward because he had

“depleted” his accounts. N.T., 5/14/14, at 10. However, beyond counsel’s

statement   that   Father   had   depleted   his   accounts,   “there   was     no

documentary or testimonial evidence adduced at trial demonstrating the

amount of money remaining in Father’s pension or Vanguard IRA.”               Trial

Court Opinion, 10/24/14, at 8. Indeed, Father does not cite to any evidence

on appeal establishing that his retirement accounts were depleted, or that

the money from the accounts was a one-time gain and could not be utilized

going forward. Thus, based upon the evidence of record, we conclude that

the trial court properly included as income the disbursements from Father’s




                                  -8-
J-S19044-15


retirement accounts in determining his net monthly income.6

        With regard to the unemployment compensation, the trial court

properly calculated Father’s 2013 income to include the unemployment

compensation he received. See Trial Court Opinion, 10/24/14, at 8-9; see

also 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 4302; Pa.R.C.P. 1910.16-2(a).           As above, Father

stipulated that he received unemployment compensation totaling $13,113 in

2013.      N.T., 5/14/14, at 6.       While   Father   claims   that his 2013

unemployment compensation could not be considered recurring income and

should be excluded from his income calculation, he specifically testified that

he received unemployment compensation for January and February of 2014.

N.T., 2/21/14, at 40, 82-83.       Moreover, Father specifically stated that

unemployment compensation is a part of his yearly income because of the

nature of his work. Id. at 10-11. Based upon this record, we conclude that

the trial court properly included Father’s unemployment compensation in

calculating his net monthly income.

        Father further contends that the trial court’s calculation of Mother’s

income was in error, as the trial court refused to include Mother’s receipt of




6
  Father is free to file a petition to modify the support Order at any time to
demonstrate a diminished net income. See Plunkard v. McConnell, 962
A.2d 1227, 1229 (Pa. Super. 2008) (stating that “[a]n award of support,
once in effect, may be modified via petition at any time, provided that the
petitioning party demonstrates a material and substantial change in their
circumstances warranting a modification.”); see also Pa.R.C.P. 1910.19.


                                  -9-
J-S19044-15


perquisites, in the amount of $100, from her employer towards her cell

phone costs. Brief for Appellant at 13.7

      In determining a parent’s financial obligation to support his children,

“a court must make a thorough appraisal of the [parent’s] actual earnings

and perquisites ....”   Mascaro v. Mascaro, 803 A.2d 1186, 1194 (Pa.

2002).   Personal perquisites paid by an employer, such as automobiles,

phones, and fuel expenses, must be included as income.        Id.; see also

Heisey v. Heisey, 633 A.2d 211, 212 (Pa. Super. 1993) (stating that

“personal perquisites, such as entertainment and personal automobile

expenses, paid by a party’s business must be included in income for

purposes of calculating child support.”).

      The trial court stated that while personal perquisites must be included

in calculating Mother’s income, it did not include any perquisites in

determining Mother’s income because there was insufficient evidence to

calculate the amount of perquisites received by Mother.     See Trial Court

Opinion, 10/24/14, at 9-10.      The trial court points out that during the

February 21, 2014 hearing, Mother testified that her employer pays for her

cell phone, but did not know the amount paid for the cell phone as the bill

went directly to her employer. See id. at 10 (citing N.T., 2/21/14, at 186-

87). However, Mother explicitly stated that her employer provided her with

$100 a month to expend on a cell phone and/or internet in 2013.         N.T.,

7
  Father only sets forth a single sentence supporting his claim, and fails to
cite to the record or relevant case law. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a).


                                 - 10 -
J-S19044-15


2/21/14, at 188-89; see also Trial Court Opinion, 10/24/14, at 10

(acknowledging that “testimony adduced demonstrates that previously, in

2013, Mother’s employer would provide her with $100 per month to use for

internet and/or cell phone, but said practice has ceased.”). While the trial

court utilized the parties’ net income from 2013 to determine their

respective child support obligations, from this record, it is unclear whether

Mother used the cell phone for personal use, for business purposes or a

combination of both.   See, e.g., Murphy v. McDermott, 979 A.2d 373,

379-80 (Pa. Super. 2009) (calculating father’s personal use of vehicle

provided by his employer in determining how much income is derived from

this perquisite); DeMasi v. DeMasi, 530 A.2d 871, 879 (Pa. Super. 1987)

(stating that trial court did not err in adding income from husband’s

perquisites equal to the perquisites that did not directly benefit the

corporation).    Because   Father   has   not   demonstrated   that   Mother’s

perquisites were for personal use, we conclude that the trial court did not

abuse its discretion in calculating Mother’s income.   See Marter v. Ross,

439 A.2d 1181, 1182 (Pa. Super. 1982) (stating that “[a] support order

cannot rest upon the speculation of the trial judge as to the extent of a




                                - 11 -
J-S19044-15


parent’s income when there is no evidence of that income on record.”).8

      In his fifth and sixth claims, Father contends that the trial court erred

in ruling that private school is a reasonable need for the Children. Brief for

Appellant at 16, 17-18. Father argues that private school was inconsistent

with the parties’ standard of living prior to separation.   Id. at 16, 19-21.

Father points out that the parties lived with numerous unpaid bills, utility

shutoff notices, and tax liens while they were married.         Id. at 20-21.

Father further argues that Mother failed to meet her burden of proof to

demonstrate that public school could not provide adequate educational

programs for the Children.    Id. at 16-19.    Father argues that paying for

private school was beyond his means.       Id. at 21; see also id. at 15-16

(wherein Father claims that the disparity in his earnings from Mother

demonstrates that the trial court should not have deviated from the support

guidelines in mandating that he pay for private schooling for the Children).

      In its Memorandum and Order, the trial court set forth the relevant law

and determined that the evidence demonstrated that the Children’s


8
  Father also argues that the trial court failed to include Mother’s deferred
income, which is not subject to taxes, in the child support calculations. See
Brief for Appellant at 14 (stating that Mother contributes $4,282 into her
401(k) annually and has deferred income of $18,666.45, all of which should
be available for child support). Father further asserts that Mother has other
assets in her bank account and has unexplained deductions related to
medical expenses that should be considered income.             Id. at 13-14.
However, Father failed to raise these claims in his Rule 1925(b) Concise
Statement; thus, the claims are waived on appeal.              See Pa.R.A.P.
1925(b)(4)(vii); Hess v. Fox Rothschild, LLP, 925 A.2d 798, 803 (Pa.
Super. 2007).


                                 - 12 -
J-S19044-15


attendance of private school was reasonable and that private schooling was

consistent with the parents’ standard of living prior to separation.       See

Memorandum and Order, 7/17/14, at 4-9. Upon our review of the evidence,

we agree with the trial court’s reasoning, and conclude that it did not abuse

its discretion in directing Father to pay a share of the private school tuition.

See id.; see also Murphy, 979 A.2d at 378 (concluding that the trial court

did not abuse its discretion in ordering father to pay a portion of child’s

private school tuition because child, who had attended only a private school,

clearly benefited from private school, such a payment was consistent with

the child’s and the parents’ station in life, and father had previously

contributed to the tuition payment). Thus, we conclude Father’s claims are

without merit.

      Order affirmed.

      Stabile, J., joins the memorandum.

      Jenkins, J., concurs in the result.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 4/29/2015




                                  - 13 -
                          (
                          \.
                                                                                                                                                                   Circulated 03/31/2015 03:54 PM




         IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF MONTGOMF.RYCOUNTY.     :                                               . I




                                      F~i:~~y;~                                                     1111 ~~M11: Dll 1 1
                                                                                                    2009-35782-0109 7i17/2014 9:45 AM # 9880279
                                                                                                                 'I         Order
                                                                                                    Rcpt#Z2166424 [Fee:$0.00
STEPHANIE BARNES                                                                                              Mark! Levv - MontCo Prothonotarv
                                                                                                                          :                                   v.                  .,


               Plaintiff                                                                                        . i

                                                      NO. 2o<l9-35782   :\
       vs.                                            PACES!No. 549111275
                                                                                                                : l
                                                                                                                              I

DAVID BARNES                                          IN: SUlfPORT                                                            I!
                       Defendant
                                                                                                                 : j
                                                                                                                                  I

                                                                                                                 :i
                                                                                                                                  !
                                 MEMORANDUM AND ORDER                                                            Ii

                                                                    i                                            ;                 i
        Currently before this Court is Defendant, David Barnes', Exceptions ~o the
                                                                    !                                            !                    l
Recommendation of Support that was entered as a Per Curiam Order on Marbh 8, 2013. The

relevant factual and procedural history is as outlined below.           !                                             i\
        Plaintiff-Mother, Stephanie Barnes, (hereinafter "Mother")
                                                             ,
                                                                   and Defendant-Father,
                                                                           , I
                                                                                         David
                                                                        j                                             ,                   I
Barnes (hereinafter "Father") (collectively "parents") were married
                                                             I
                                                                    on May i·21 5, 1996 in
                                                                            I                                             .               !
Philadelphia, Pa. They are the parents of two minor children: [Lily Barnes, age 15 (D.O.B.
                                                                            i                                             !                   l
                                                                            i                                                                 :
1/18/99) and Emma Barnes, age 7 (D.O.B. 4/11/06) (hereinafter collectively referred to as
                                                                                                                              ! !

"children"), both of whom reside primarily with Mother. The \partie~ separai~d some time in
                                                                                i                                             j'


                                                                                I                                             :                   l
2009, and on November 4, 2009, Mother filed a Complaint in' divorce, which! included a claim
                                                                                i                                                 i!
for child support of the children.                                                                                                l
                                                                                                                                  Ii
                                                                                                                                                  I
                                                                                                                                  1                   i
                                                                                                                                   : i                        •
                                                                                                                                   ; !

        On February 4, 2010, an interim Per Curiam Order was entered, wherein Father agreed to
                                                                                    .                                                 11
                                                                                                                                      ! l
                                                                                        !                                             ;                   !
pay one thousand dollars ($1,000) per month, and contribute fifty percent (59%) of the tuition for
                                                                                                                                                          I




The Baldwin School ("Baldwin") for Lily Barnes for the 200~-2010 school ~~ar only, and 50%
                                                                                            i                                             iI
of child care expenses for Emma Barnes. Accordingly, Fatherldid not contribhte to Lily's

Baldwin tuition for the 2010-2011, 2011-2012, and 2012-2od school years.\bn June 22, 2012,
                                                                                                i                                         ! !




                                                                                                                                                                                       1
                                                                                                                . '
                                                                                                                                    ..
                                                                                             ( c-~,: ,t-,,r. f.i
                                                                                                    ;-~::---~~ -:-~                               ~-


                           (                                                                                   i            l
                                                                                                                                                   Circulated 03/31/2015 03:54 PM

                                                                                                               I            j
                                                                                                                   i
                                                                                                                   ii
the parties entered into a property settlement agreement to eJuitably divide ~~eir marital assets.
                                                               1                                                   : 1


Said agreement specifically states that the "agreement does dot
                                                             l
                                                                affect in an~!w
                                                                              l
                                                                                ay child support or                i

                                                               I                                                   !            i
child custody. Each party is free to file any petition in the futfre to modify ~1ose issues." On July
                                                                 I              !I
9, 2012, the parties were divorced from the bonds of matrim1ny. Thereafte1 fn October 15, 2012,
                                                                   I                                                   1'

Mother filed a petition to modify the February 4, 2010 Supp1rt Order with ,~eDomestic

Relations Office. Mother alleged several changes of circumstance, includin~!: 1) an increase in
                                                                   I                                                   11

Father's income; 2) a decrease in Mother's income; and 3) Era Barnes w~ enrolled in The
                                                                                                                        I
Baldwin School.                                                        I
                                                                       i
                                                                       I
                                                                                                                        l I!
                                                                                                                        I l

                                                                       I    i
         As a result of Mother's petition to modify, on March 8, 2013 the Master issued a
                                                                       '                                                l            j




recommendation in support wherein Father was to pay a totall of$, 1619. 62 ~tr month, allocated
                                                                           I                                                :I
as: $912.80 per month for child support of two children, $18l95 per month\for medical

insurance provided by Mother, and $524.87 per month for pr,vate school tu;t~on. On March 22,

2013, Father filed the instant Exceptions to the March 8, 2oq Support Ord~+ Specifically,
                                                                           l                                                !            !



Father challenges the Master's determination regarding his n~t income, and ~he reasonableness of
                                                             I
                                                             I
                                                                           ii II
private school tuition.                                      I                                                              i, [

                                                             !              li
         On February 21, 2014, this Court held a de novo hearihg and heard t~~timony from the
                                                                               i                                                I         I

parties about their respective earnings, and views on the child~en attending i~ldwin. After

reviewing the testimony and exhibits submitted by both parties, this Court ~ds as outlined
                                                                               I,                                                   t,
                                                                                                                                    ,I
below.                                                                          I                                                   ii
                                                                                                                                    ! I
                                                                                I                                                   I I
MONTHLy NET INCOME                                                                 :I.                                              !i
                                                                                                                                    1
                                                                                                                                    11
                                                                                                                                    i I

         Father is a self-employed exhibit/set designer that typically works in !the movie business
                                                                                    I                                               ,I,!
                                                                                    I.                                              I'
and the zoo business. Father is also a specialist as a sculptor and does some t~eelance work,
                                                                 I             'I
                                                                                     !                                              ii
gained primarily through word of mouth and reputation. Testip10ny revealedlthat Father works
                                                                                         I                                          'I
                                                                                         l                                           I        j

                                                                                                                                     II!I
                                                                                                                                     Ii                             2
                                                                                                                                     iI
                                                                                                                                     iI
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on different projects, which can vary from short-term, one day, or long-te m, lasting for months.

During Father's down time between projects, he typically collects unempl yment.

        During the hearing, parties' counsel reviewed Father's 2013 inco e tax return, and came

to an agreement on Father's tax liability and which deductions reflected o Father's tax return

constitute permissible deductions for purposes of support. Thereafter, the arties stipulated to the

following calculation:

        Father's gross annual income for 2013:               $63,941

        Father's total tax liability for 2013:               $11,439

        Father's net annual income for 2013:                 $52,502

        Father's net monthly income:                         $4,375.17

        Mother is a brand manager for Ralph Lauren, and has held that pos tion for over nineteen

(19) years. Mother's 2013 W-2 demonstrates that Mother earned $71,369. 8 in 2013. Based

upon Mother's 2013 income tax return and accompanying 2013 W-2, the                     ourt calculates

Mother's net monthly income as follows:

        Mother's gross annual income for 2013:                $71,369.08

        Mother's total tax liability for 2013:                $9,407.301

        Mother's net annual income for 2013:                  $61,961.78

        Mother's net monthly income:                          $5,163.48

PRIVATE SCHOOL TUITION

        Emma and Lily Barnes are both currently enrolled in The Baldwin                  chool. Lily Barnes

was enrolled in Baldwin in first grade while the parties were still married,            nd just completed

ninth (9th) grade in June 2014. Prior to her enrollment in Baldwin, Lily att nded pre-


1
 Federal tax liability has been reduced to reflect the income tax refund received by Mothe (8293.26-5714 =
2579.26).

                                                                                                               3
c-

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     kindergarten and kindergarten at Waldron Mercy Academy. Emma Barnes Was enrolled in
                                                                                   '

     Baldwin for kindergarten in the Fall of 2011, and just completed her second (2nd) grade year in
                                                                                   !                   :



     June 2014. Although it is not clear from the record what school or daycare! Emma attended prior

     to Baldwin, it is clear from Father's testimony that "both children have only known private
                                                                                       I                   ;




     school."


             As stated above, the March 8, 2013 Master's recommendation in support directed that

     Father contribute $524.87 per month toward the private school tuition of both children. The

     Master found that private school tuition was a reasonable expense based upop the fact that: 1) the

     parties made a joint decision to send the children to private school, 2) bothlparties attended
                                                                                           !                   f



     private school themselves, and 3) the parties do not have any child care expenses since Mother's

     sister watches them at no cost. Father disagrees with the Master's finding that the parties made a

     joint decision to send the children to private school, and that the private school tuition was
                                                                                               i                   ;


     consistent with the standard of living and station in life of the family beforb separation.

     Furthermore, Father believes the factors relied upon by the Master were improperly considered.

     In addition, Father argues there is no evidence to establish that the children Would benefit more

     from attending Baldwin than the local public school. Lastly, Father argues that the February 4,

     2010 Interim Order is an agreement between the parties that Father is not obligated to contribute
                                                                                                   i                   !




     to private school after the 2009-2010 school year.


             Under the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure 1910.16-6 (d), the court may direct the

     obligor to contribute to private school tuition if it is a "reasonable need." Pa.R.C.P. 1910.16-6

     ( d) provides:


             The support schedule does not take into consideration expenditures for private school
             tuition or other needs of a child which are not specifically addressed, by the guidelines. If

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        the court determines that one or more such needs are reasonabfe, the expense
        thereof shall be allocated between the parties in proportion to their net incomes. The
        obligor's share may be added to his or her basic support obligation.l (Emphasis added).

        A private school education may be a reasonable need for a child if it is demonstrated that
                                                                                     I




the child[ren] will benefit from such and if private schooling is consistent with the family's

standard ofliving and station in life prior to separation. If these factors are\proved, a court may

order a parent to provide financial support for the private schooling of a minor child. Murphy v.

McDermott, 2009 PA Super 151, 979 A.2d 373, 377 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2009) lciting Gibbons v.

Kugle, 2006 PA Super 264, 908 A.2d 916, 921 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2006). See Jzso Francis v.

Francis, 3 5 8 Pa. Super. 3 91, 517 A.2d 997, 1000 (1986) ("[T]he applicable test is whether the

cost of private schooling is a reasonable need of the child and a reasonable! expectation and

expense of the parents.").


        As to the first prong, the benefit of private school, this Court finds {hat the evidence and

testimony adduced demonstrates that both Emma and Lily Barnes will benefit from continued

enrollment at The Baldwin School. Mother testified that the parties chose The Baldwin School

for Lily, inter alia, because of the fact that it was an all girl school, the diversity, and the

academic rigor and the resulting challenge that it would present to Lily. Aslfi or. Emma, Mother

learned that she was equally as academically talented as Lily, and Mother decided she could not

"do for one child without doing for the other."


        Since the children's enrollment in Baldwin, testimony reveals that the! children are

performing very well in an academically challenging environment. Lily is close to a straight "A"

student, the students and faculty love her, and she is enrolled in several extracurricular activities,
                                                                                 !       !


including: student council, head of Service League, yearbook committee, diversity committee,

soccer, and dance. Mother also testified about the cultural experiences from which Lily has

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benefitted as a result of her attendance at Baldwin. Lily is exposed to children from various

backgrounds and ethnicities, and was given an opportunity to travel to Italy and Canada, and will
                                                                              ;




travel to France in her upcoming 1 o" grade year.


       Emma's report card also demonstrates that she is performing well academically at
                                                                                  '
Baldwin. She is still very young and early in her academic career, but testimony reveals that

Emma should expect to benefit from the same cultural exposure and academic challenge that

Lily has experienced. In addition, Emma has the extra benefit of attending school with her older

sister who consistently checks on her and supervises her after school while waiting for their

Mother to arrive.


       Father does not deny that the children are thriving at Baldwin; rather father's argues that

his children would thrive at any school they attend so Baldwin does not necessarily "benefit"

them. During cross-examination of Mother, Father's counsel questioned Mother's investigation

of the local public schools and the consultation of educational experts concerning private versus

public schools. This Court does not find it necessary to compare Baldwin to the local public

schools to determine if the children benefit from their enrollment at Baldwin.\ Even assuming

arguendo that this Court believed such a comparison was necessary, this Co~ finds that Father

did not present any concrete evidence that the local public school would be just as beneficial for

the children. Father merely reflected on his and his family's personal experience in public

school, and expressed that he "kind of wishes [Lily] had done public school.': See Murphy, 979

A.2d 373, at fn. 6 (Noting that evidence of "benefit" was scant as Mother sirriply stated the child

would benefit, and Father in a vague fashion stated that public school would be just as good.

Court stated "[i]f Father wanted to relieve himself of the burden of continuing to pay for private

school, he should have presented additional concrete evidence to support his position.")

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        With regard to the second factor, whether private schooling is consistent with the family's
                                                                                   i
standard of living/station in life prior to separation, this Court finds, for the reasons set forth

below, that The Baldwin School tuition considering the sizeable grants of firiancial aid afforded

to the children each year is consistent with the family's station in life prior   tq separation.
        In determining standard of living, one must look to available income and the lifestyle that

the income would support. Gibbons, 908 A.2d 916, at 921 citing Karp v. Karp, 455 Pa. Super.

21, 27, 686 A.2d 1235, 1328 (1996).


        Father testified that he reluctantly agreed to send Lily to Baldwin for first grade because

he was scared that it was going to be unaffordable. Additionally, Father states the parties could

never afford Baldwin tuition and the cost of private school was driving them apart. However, the
                                                                                       ;




record also demonstrates that Father voluntarily contributed to Lily's Baldwin tuition every year

from 1st grade until the parties separated in 2009 when Lily was in the 5th grade. Around the time

of separation, when Father voluntarily agreed to contribute 50% toward Lily's 2009-2010 school

year and 50% of Emma's child care expenses (private school daycare), the combined tuition of

both children was $25,060 ($13,260-Lily (Baldwin); $10,800-Emma(daycare)), requiring Father

to contribute $12,530 for both children in 2009. At the time of the Master's hearing, during the

2012-2013 school year, Emma was enrolled in Baldwin and the combined tuition for both

children, which included sizeable financial aid grants for both children, was $6,298.44 for both

children.


        While this Court is not ignorant to the expense of a Baldwin School education and the

financial strain it may have caused for the parties during the marriage, the evidence adduced

demonstrates that the parties laudably decided to allocate a substantial portion of their household


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                            \..




income toward a private school education for their daughters. With the assistance of financial

aid grants, the parties were able to afford their children a private school education from The

Baldwin School, which had a fair market value of $54,570.00 in the 2013-2dl4 school year, for

$14,570. This court finds that it is consistent with the parties' station in life Before separation for
                                                                                 i
the parties to continue to take advantage of financial aid awards and afford their children a

private school education.

         With regard to Father's argument that Emma was unilaterally enrolled in The Baldwin

School, the Court notes that Father argues both sides of the same point. On the one hand Father

argues that the Master erred by considering the parties' joint decision as a factor, and on the

other hand Father argues that this Court should consider the fact that he did riot join in the

decision to enroll Emma in Baldwin. Additionally, Father testified that both children have only

known private school. The Court believes it is consistent to require Father to [do for one child,

what he voluntarily did for the other. See Pellish v. Gerhart, 701 A.2d 594, 5()7 (Pa. Super. Ct.
                                                                                     i
                                                                                     !i

1997).

         Lastly, with regard to Father's argument that the February 4, 2010 Interim Agreement
                                                                                      i

                                                                                      '
represents a contract, which relieves him of any responsibility to contribute to the private school

tuition of his children, the Court finds that Father's arguments lack merit for ~wo reasons. First,

the February 4, 2010 Interim support agreement does not create a contract relieving Father of any
                                                                                          '
responsibility to contribute to private school tuition beyond Lily's 2009-20101 school year. The

agreement did nothing more than set forth Father's agreed contribution for said year and make

clear that Father's voluntary contributions do not obligate him to pay tuition ib future years.

Basically, the agreement instructs the Court to determine Father's contribution based on

applicable support law, rather than on the basis of his agreement. Secondly, ahd more



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                                                                                    ~- ~2?- . ..1·· i·=~~_,~~-~~-~--   ,~·t4.~Et';p~   . 4··
                                                                                       Circulated 03/31/2015 03:54 PM




importantly, "A mother cannot, by contract, bargain away the right of her minor children to

adequate support from the father, regardless of the validity of the agreementlas between the

parents themselves." Kraisinger v. Kraisinger, 2007 PA Super 197, 928 A.2d 333, 345 (Pa.

Super. Ct. 2007).

                Because the evidence demonstrates that Lily and Emma are benefitting from their

enrollment in The Baldwin School, and the tuition, considering the sizeable financial aid grants

that both children receive and presumably will continue to receive, is consistent with the parties'

standard of living/station in life prior to separation, this Court finds that the children's Baldwin
                                                                                >
School tuition constitutes a reasonable expense under Pa.R.C.P. 1910.16-6(d). The Court does

not believe that Mother seeks contribution toward the children's education     tb punish     Father or to

be confiscatory; rather she needs assistance to continue to provide their children with the

education to which they have become accustomed. The Court acknowledges that both parties

may have to continue to make sacrifices so that both children are able to enjoy the benefit of a

Baldwin School education, but that is a choice that both parties made well before this Court

became involved. "Child support is a primary obligation of the parent and the parent himself may

have to forego providing for some of his needs and luxuries in order to provide for his child."

See Frey v. Frey, 777 DR 2003, 2006 WL 5166597 (Pa. Com. Pl. July 13, 2006) citing Colonna

v. Colonna, 581 Pa. 1, 7, 855 a.2d 648, 651 (2004).




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                          (                                                         !       Circulated 03/31/2015 03:54 PM
                                                                                    '




•       AND NOW this · ,      J;;,     of    JJ VJ             , 2014, upon clnsideration of
Defendant, David Barnes', Exceptions to the Recommendation of Support that was entered as a
Per Curiam Order on March 8, 2013, and after a hearing de novo with both ~arties present; it is
hereby ORDERED and DECREED that the following support order shall qe effective:


                                      SUPPORT ORDER

        Plaintiff-Mother, Stephanie Barnes, and Defendant-Father, David Barnes, are the parents

of two minor children: Lily Barnes (D.O.B. 1/18/99) and Emma Barnes (D.q>.B. 4/11/06).

        Based upon Pennsylvania's support guidelines, with Mother's net monthly income of

$5,163.48 and Father's net monthly income of$4,375.l 7, Father shall pay as follows:

        $897.46 per month for two (2) children                       plus

        $183.67 per month for medical ins. provided by Mother        plus

        $558.52 per month for private school tuition

        $1,639.65 per month TOTAL

Pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 1910-16.6( c ), the monthly' support obligation

requires the custodial parent, to provide the first $250 in unreimbursed medical expenses for

each child. Unreimbursed medical expenses that exceed $250 annually per child shall be

allocated between the parties as indicated below. The party seeking allocation of unreimbursed

medical expenses must provide documentation of expenses to the other parti: no later than March
                                                                                        i
31st of the year following the calendar year in which the final medical bill tol be allocated was

received.

        Unreimbursed medical expenses shall be allocated: 46% to Fath~r and 54% to

Mother.

        Father shall submit receipts demonstrating expenses incurred by Fath~r related to the

children, including: cell phone payments, private camps, braces, and payments related to


                                                                                                           10
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                                                                                            Circulated 03/31/2015 03:54 PM




extracurricular   activities, to Domestic Relations   for calculation     of the amount of credit owed to

Father figuring in his respective   percentage   contribution   to such expenses.      Eor each expense

incurred by Father moving forward, Father shall submit receipts to Mother within thirty (30)

days that the expense is incurred for Mother to reimburse        Father based on her respective      percent

of contribution    (54%).

         Mother shall submit receipts regarding unreimbursed            medical expenses to Domestic

Relations   to calculate the amount of credit, if any, owed to Mother.

This Order is effective January 1, 2013.




Copies mailed 7/15/14 to:
 By First Class Mail:
Diane S. Tosta, Esquire
Steven M. Coren, Esquire
 By Interoffice Mail:
Court Administration - Family Division
D ·. stic R~l~ons
                  !/;ldA
            1 Secretary




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