                  TENNESSEE DIVISION OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
                     WORKERS’ COMPENSATION APPEALS BOARD


Employee: Paulette Cullum                           )        Docket No. 2014-07-0006
                                                    )
Employer: K-Mac Holding Corp.                        )
d/b/a Taco Bell                                     )        State File No. 57676-2014


In accordance with Rule 0800-02-22-.02(6), please find attached the Workers’
Compensation Appeals Board’s Order Affirming and Remanding Interlocutory Order of
Court of Workers' Compensation Claims in the referenced case.

                                    CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the Order Affirming and Remanding
Interlocutory Order of Court Workers' Compensation Claims was sent to the following
recipients by the following methods of service on this the 23rd day of December, 2014.
Name                    Certified   First Class   Via    Fax      Via     Email Address
                        Mail        Mail          Fax    Number   Email

Charles L. Holliday,                                                X     chuckh@garretylaw.com
Employee’s Attorney
Alex C. Elder,                                                      X     alex@holleyelder.com
Employer’s Attorney
Allen Phillips, Judge                                               X     Via Electronic Mail
Kenneth M. Switzer,                                                 X     Via Electronic Mail
Chief Judge
Penny Shrum, Clerk,                                                 X     Penny.Patterson-Shrum@tn.gov
Court of Workers’
Compensation Claims




Jeanette Baird
Deputy Clerk, Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board
220 French Landing Dr., Ste. 1-B
Nashville, TN 37243
Telephone: 615-253-0064
Electronic Mail: Jeanette.Baird@tn.gov
                                                                                      FILED
                                                                                   December 23, 2014

                                                                                      TENNESSEE
                                                                                \YORKERS' C Ol\IPENSA TION
                                                                                    APPEALS BOARD


                                                                                    T ime : 11 :50 .-\.l\1
           TENNESSEE DIVISION OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
              WORKERS’ COMPENSATION APPEALS BOARD


Employee: Paulette Cullum                          )   Docket No. 2014-07-0006
                                                   )
Employer: K-Mac Holding Corp.                      )
d/b/a Taco Bell                                    )   State File No. 57676-2014
                                                   )
                                                   )
Appeal from the Court of Workers'                  )
Compensation Claims                                )
Allen Phillips, Judge                              )




                    Affirmed and Remanded- December 23, 2014


   ORDER AFFIRMING AND REMANDING INTERLOCUTORY ORDER OF
          COURT OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION CLAIMS

This interlocutory appeal involves an employee who claims to have injured her knee
while performing her duties as an assistant manager at a Taco Bell restaurant on July 18,
2014. Although the employer provided a panel of physicians, it refused to provide
additional medical benefits or temporary disability benefits on the basis that the employee
failed to show a mechanism of injury or specific injury-causing event. Following an
expedited hearing, the trial court denied the employee's request for medical and
temporary disability benefits based on a finding that the evidence was insufficient to
award such benefits. The employee has appealed. Having carefully reviewed the record,
we affirm the decision ofthe Court of Workers' Compensation Claims.

Judge Marshall L. Davidson, III, delivered the opinion of the Appeals Board, in which
Judge David F. Hensley and Judge Timothy W. Conner, joined.

Charles L. Holliday, Jackson, Tennessee, for the employee-appellant, Paulette Cullum

Alex Elder, Germantown, Tennessee, for the employer-appellee, K-Mac Holding Corp.
d/b/a Taco Bell
                             Factual and Procedural Background

           Paulette Cullum ("Employee"), a 33-year old resident of Weakley County,
    Tennessee, was employed as an assistant manager of a Taco Bell restaurant in Union
    City owned by K-Mac Holding Corporation ("Employer").' On July 18, 2014,
    Employee was "working lunch rush" in the restaurant when she turned to either throw
    something away or reach for a pan when her right knee "popped." She reported the
    incident to her supervisor the following day, July 19, 2014.

           On the same day Employee reported the incident to her supervisor, she
    contacted "Medcor," an entity apparently used by Employer for injury triage and
    reporting services. According to records from that contact, Employee reported "one
    day ago she was on the line and is unsure of how she injured herself, she [states] she
    may have twisted her R knee wrong and now she has pain under the R knee." On
    July 22, 2014, Employee again contacted Medcor and reported continued pain in her
    knee along with swelling. At that point, Employee was provided a panel of physicians.

            On July 23, 2014, Employee received authorized medical treatment from Dr.
    Selena Dozier of the Doctor's Clinic in Union City. Notes from that visit indicate
    the "[i]ncident onset" was "7118114" and occurred "at work," though "[t]here was no
    injury mechanism." Dr. Dozier's notes reflect that Employee "thinks she may have
    twisted wrong on 7/18 at work." An examination of Employee's knee revealed
    normal range of motion and no swelling or other deformity. X-rays were normal.
    Dr. Dozier diagnosed Employee with knee pain. Upon her return two weeks later,
    Employee had not improved and was referred by Dr. Dozier to an orthopedic
    physician.

           On July 29, 2014, Employer notified Employee that it was denying her claim
    because there was no mechanism of injury or specific injury-causing event.
    Thereafter, on September 18, 2014, Employee filed a Petition for Benefit
    Determination seeking medical and temporary disability benefits.             Following
    unsuccessful mediation efforts, a Dispute Certification Notice was issued on October
    15, 2014. Thereafter, Employee filed a Request for Expedited Hearing on October 23,
    2014, for the purpose of "provid[ing] testimony of employee to clear up any questions
    as to whether the injury was caused by a specific incident which arose out of and in the
    course and scope of employment."

           At the expedited hearing, conducted on November 13, 2014, Employer took the
    position that Employee failed to prove that she suffered an injury primarily arising out

1
  No transcript of the expedited hearing or statement of the evidence has been filed. Thus, we have
gleaned the factual background from the pleadings, exhibits introduced at the expedited hearing, and the
trial court's order entered after the hearing.

                                                   2
 of her employment. Employer argued that there was no proof of a mechanism of
 injury or specific injury-causing incident, that Employee could only say she "may"
 have twisted her knee, and that there was no medical proof showing the employment
 primarily caused the injury. According to the trial court's order filed on November 26,
 2014, Employer's representative, Cantina Watson, testified that Employee never
 reported a specific injury-causing incident.

       Employee apparently described her shoes worn on the date she claims to have
injured her knee as being slip-resistant and required by Employer to be worn while
working. She argued that the non-slip nature of her shoes might have caused her foot
to catch on the floor.

       Following the expedited hearing, the trial court concluded that Employee failed
to show by a preponderance of the evidence that she sustained an injury primarily
arising out of her employment and, therefore, was not entitled to medical benefits or
temporary disability benefits. Employee subsequently filed a timely notice of appeal on
December 8, 2014. The record on appeal was submitted to the Appeals Board and a
docketing notice was issued to the parties on December 19, 2014. For the reasons
explained below, the trial court's decision is affirmed.

                                  Standard of Review

       The standard of review to be applied by this Board in reviewing a trial court's
decision is statutorily mandated and limited in scope. Specifically, "[t]here shall be a
presumption that the findings and conclusions of the workers' compensation judge are
correct, unless the preponderance of the evidence is otherwise." Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-
6-239(c)(7) (2014). The trial court's decision must be upheld unless "the rights of the
party seeking review have been prejudiced because findings, inferences, conclusions, or
decisions of a workers' compensation judge:

       (A) Violate constitutional or statutory provisions;
       (B) Exceed the statutory authority of the workers' compensation judge;
       (C) Do not comply with lawful procedure;
       (D) Are arbitrary, capricious, characterized by abuse of discretion, or
           clearly unwarranted exercise of discretion; or
       (E) Are not supported by evidence that is both substantial and material in the
           light of the entire record.

Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-217(a)(2) (2014).

      In applying this standard, courts have construed substantial and material evidence
to mean "such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept to support a rational

                                            3
conclusion and such as to furnish a reasonably sound basis for the action under
consideration." Clay County Manor, Inc. v. State of Tennessee, 849 S.W.2d 755, 759
(Tenn. 1993) (quoting Southern Railway Co. v. State Bd. of Equalization, 682 S.W.2d
196, 199 (Tenn. 1984)). Like other courts applying the standard embodied in section 50-
6-217( a)(2), we will not disturb the decision of the trial court absent the limited
circumstances identified in the statute.

                                         Analysis

                                    A. Record on Appeal

       It is well-settled in Tennessee that the appealing party has the burden to ensure
that an adequate record is prepared on appeal. As the Special Workers' Compensation
Appeals Panel has explained,

       [t]he appellant has the duty of preparing a record that conveys a fair,
       accurate and complete account of the proceedings in the trial court with
       respect to the issues on appeal. We are provided with only the trial court's
       findings of facts and conclusions of law rendered from the bench and the
       exhibits introduced at the trial of this cause, which include three doctor's
       depositions. We do not have a record of the lay testimony presented to the
       trial court. In the absence of an adequate record on appeal, this Court must
       presume the trial court's rulings were supported by sufficient evidence.

Vulcan Materials Co. v. Watson, No. M2003-00975-WC-R3-CV, 2004 Tenn. LEXIS
451, at *6-7 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. Panel May 19, 2004) (citation omitted). See also
Jernigan v. Hunter, No. M2013-01860-COA-R3-CV, 2014 Tenn. App. LEXIS 617, at *5
(Tenn. Ct. App. Sept. 30, 2014) ("It is the duty of the appellant to prepare a record which
conveys a fair, accurate, and complete account of what has transpired in the trial court
with respect to the issues that form the basis of the appeal.").

        Including a transcript or statement of the evidence as part of the record on appeal
promotes meaningful appellate review and, in turn, public confidence in the integrity and
fairness of the process. As one court has observed, "[f]ull appellate consideration of a
trial court's determination ... is part of the process designed to achieve an accurate and
just decision .... " In reAdoption of JD. W., No. M2000-00151-COA-R3-CV, 2000
Tenn. App. LEXIS 546, at * 12 (Tenn. Ct. App. Aug. 16, 2000). Indeed, "[w]ithout a
transcript or a statement of the evidence, the appellate court cannot know what evidence
was presented to the trial court, and there is no means by which we can evaluate the
appellant's assertion that the evidence did not support the trial court's decision." Britt v.
Chambers, No. W2006-00061-COA-R3-CV, 2007 Tenn. App. LEXIS 38, at *8 (Tenn.
Ct. App. Jan. 25, 2007). Accordingly, "it is essential that the appellate court be provided
with a transcript of the trial proceedings or a statement of the evidence .... " !d. at 7.

                                              4
See also Whitesell v. Moore, No. M2011-02745-COA-R3-CV, 2012 Tenn. App. LEXIS
894, at *7 (Tenn. Ct. App. Dec. 21, 2012) ("Without a transcript or a statement of the
evidence, we cannot review the evidence .... "); Estate of Cockrill, No. M20 10-00663-
COA-R3-CV, 2010 Tenn. App. LEXIS 754, at *11-12 (Tenn. Ct. App. Dec. 2, 2010)
("[W]here no transcript or statement of the evidence is filed, the appellate court is
required to presume that the record, had it been properly preserved, would have
supported the action of the trial court."); Leek v. Powell, 884 S.W.2d 118, 121 (Tenn. Ct.
App. 1996) ("In the absence of a transcript or a statement of the evidence, we must
conclusively presume that every fact admissible under the pleadings was found or should
have been found favorably to the appellee.").

       In short, "[t]o the extent that resolution of the issues on appeal depend on factual
determinations, the lack of a transcript or statement of the evidence is essentially fatal to
the party having the burden on appeal." Jernigan, 2014 Tenn. App. LEXIS 617, at *6.
See also Piper v. Piper, No. M2005-02541-COA-R3-CV, 2007 Tenn. App. LEXIS 70, at
* 11 (Tenn. Ct. App. Feb. 1, 2007) ("[ a]n incomplete appellate record is fatal to an
appeal"). It follows that a reviewing court "must conclusively presume that the evidence
presented supported the facts as found by the trial court." Whitesell, 2012 Tenn. App.
LEXIS 894, at *10.

        In the present case, we have been provided with no record of any testimony taken
during the expedited hearing which, according to the trial court's order, was relied upon
by the trial court to resolve the issues. Moreover, no statement of the evidence has been
filed by either party. Thus, the totality of the evidence introduced in the trial court is
unknown, and we decline to speculate as to the nature and extent of the proof presented
to the trial court. Instead, consistent with established Tennessee law, we presume that the
trial court's rulings were supported by sufficient evidence.

                        B. Compensability and Burden of Proof

       To be compensable under the workers' compensation statutes, an injury must arise
primarily out of and occur in the course of the employment. Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-
102(13) (2014). An injury means "an injury by accident ... arising primarily out of and
in the course and scope of employment, that causes death, disablement or the need for
medical treatment of the employee." /d. In order for an injury be accidental, it must be
"caused by a specific incident, or set of incidents, arising primarily out of and in the
course and scope of employment, and is identifiable by time and place of occurrence ...
 " Tenn. Code Ann.§ 50-6-102(13)(A).

         Further, for injury dates on or after July 1, 2014, "this chapter shall not be
remedially or liberally construed but shall be construed fairly, impartially, and in
accordance with basic principles of statutory construction." Tenn. Code Ann.§ 50-6-116
(20 14 ). An employee has the burden of proving each element of his or her claim by a

                                              5
preponderance of the evidence. Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-239(c)(6) (2014); Elmore v.
Travelers Ins. Co., 824 S.W.2d 541, 543 (Tenn. 1992). This includes the burden of
proving that the injury for which benefits are sought arose "primarily out of and in the
course and scope of employment." Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-102(13). Similarly, when an
injured worker is seeking temporary disability benefits, as in this case, the worker must
prove that he or she is entitled to such benefits. See Gray v. Cullom Machine, Tool &
Die, Inc., 152 S.W.3d 439, 443 (Tenn. 2004).

         Mindful of the foregoing principles, we note that two witnesses, Employee and
Ms. Watson, testified at the expedited hearing. Based in part on this testimony, the trial
court made several factual findings: (1) Employee turned and experienced pain in her
right knee while in the course of her employment on July 28, 2014, (2) Employee timely
reported the incident to Employer, and (3) Employee was able to identify the date and
approximate time of the incident, but was unable to identify the specific action she
was performing when she turned and experienced pain in her knee beyond stating that
she turned to either throw something away or reach for a pan. The trial court, noting
that Dr. Dozier stated the incident occurred at Employee's workplace but documented
nothing to show the mechanism of injury, concluded that the medical proof was
insufficient to establish an injury arising primarily out of the employment. As noted
above, without a transcript or a statement of the evidence, we have no choice but to
presume that the trial court's findings are correct. Vulcan Materials, 2004 Tenn. LEXIS
451, at *7 ("In the absence of an adequate record on appeal, this Court must presume the
trial court's rulings were supported by sufficient evidence.").

       Employee has filed a position statement in which she relies upon her testimony
and that of her supervisor, whom we assume was Ms. Watson, in arguing that the
evidence supports an award of benefits. However, mere assertions of a party cannot
establish what occurred in the trial court unless supported by evidence in the record.
Jernigan, 2014 Tenn. App. LEXIS 617, at *5. Because we have not been provided with
any of the testimony taken at the expedited hearing - upon which both the trial court and
Employee rely - "there is no means by which we can evaluate the appellant's assertion
that the evidence did not support the trial court's decision." Britt, 2007 Tenn. App.
LEXIS 38, at *8.

                                       Conclusion

        For the foregoing reasons, we hold that the evidence does not preponderate against
the trial court's conclusion that Employee failed to establish by a preponderance of the
evidence she sustained a compensable injury. Further, we find that the trial court's
decision does not violate the standards set forth in Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-
6-217(a)(2). Accordingly, the trial court's decision is affirmed and the case is remanded
for any further proceedings which may be necessary.

                                            6
    Marshall L. Davidson, III
    Presiding Judge
    Workers' Compensation Appeals Board




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