[Cite as State v. Persinger, 2014-Ohio-4125.]


STATE OF OHIO                     )                   IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                  )ss:                NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF LORAIN                  )

STATE OF OHIO                                         C.A. No.       13CA010397

        Appellee

        v.                                            APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                      ENTERED IN THE
DAVID J. PERSINGER                                    COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                                                      COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO
        Appellant                                     CASE No.   12CR085946

                                  DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: September 22, 2014



        MOORE, Judge.

        {¶1}     Defendant, David Persinger, appeals from his conviction in the Lorain County

Court of Common Pleas. We affirm.

                                                 I.

        {¶2}     In 2012, the Lorain County Grand Jury indicted Mr. Persinger on one count of

gross sexual imposition in violation of R.C. 2907.05(A)(4), a felony of the third degree. This

charge stemmed from an alleged incident between Mr. Persinger and his then eight-year-old

step-granddaughter, N.O. Mr. Persinger pleaded not guilty to the charge, and the case proceeded

to jury trial. The jury found Mr. Persinger guilty, and, in an entry dated April 11, 2013, the trial

court sentenced Mr. Persinger to two years of incarceration. Mr. Persinger timely appealed, and

he now presents two assignments of error for our review.
                                                 2


                                                 II.

                                ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

       [MR.] PERSINGER’S CONVICTION FOR GROSS SEXUAL IMPOSITION
       WAS SUPPORTED BY INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE IN VIOLATION OF
       [HIS] RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS OF LAW UNDER THE FIFTH AND
       FOURTEENTH     AMENDMENTS     TO   THE   UNITED  STATES
       CONSTITUTION, AND SECTION 10, ARTICLE 1 OF THE OHIO
       CONSTITUTION.

       {¶3}    In his first assignment of error, Mr. Persinger argues that his conviction was not

supported by sufficient evidence. We disagree.

       {¶4}    The issue of whether a conviction is supported by sufficient evidence is a question

of law, which we review de novo. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386 (1997). When

considering a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, the court must determine whether the

prosecution has met its burden of production. Id. at 390 (Cook, J. concurring). In making this

determination, an appellate court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the

prosecution:

       An appellate court’s function when reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to
       support a criminal conviction is to examine the evidence admitted at trial to
       determine whether such evidence, if believed, would convince the average mind
       of the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The relevant inquiry is
       whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution,
       any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime
       proven beyond a reasonable doubt.

State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259 (1991), paragraph two of the syllabus.

       {¶5}    Mr. Persinger was convicted of gross sexual imposition in violation of R.C.

2907.05(A)(4) which provides:

       No person shall have sexual contact with another, not the spouse of the offender;
       cause another, not the spouse of the offender, to have sexual contact with the
       offender; or cause two or more other persons to have sexual contact when * * *
       [t]he other person * * * is less than thirteen years of age, whether or not the
       offender knows the age of that person.
                                                 3


R.C. 2907.01(B) defines “sexual contact” as “any touching of an erogenous zone of another,

including without limitation the thigh, genitals, buttock, pubic region, or if the person is a

female, a breast, for the purpose of sexually arousing or gratifying either person.” A person’s

purpose or intention may be proven through direct or circumstantial evidence. “[I]n the absence

of direct testimony regarding sexual arousal or gratification, the trier of fact may infer a purpose

of sexual arousal or gratification from the ‘type, nature and circumstances of the contact, along

with the personality of the defendant.’” State v. Edwards, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 12CA010274,

2013-Ohio-3068, ¶ 10, quoting State v. Antoline, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 02CA008100, 2003-Ohio-

1130, ¶ 64, quoting State v. Cobb, 81 Ohio App.3d 179, 185 (9th Dist.1991).

       {¶6}    Here, at trial, the State presented the testimony of N.O. and her mother. N.O.

testified that she was nine-and-a-half years old at the time of trial in March of 2013. N.O.

identified Mr. Persinger as her stepfather’s father. N.O. recalled that, on what she believed was a

summer evening in 2011 or 2012, she and her two younger siblings spent the night at the home

of Mr. Persinger and his wife. That night, she was sitting on Mr. Persinger’s lap in a chair, while

they watched a movie in the unlit living room. Mr. Persinger’s wife and N.O.’s sister were also

watching the movie, and were seated on the couch. N.O.’s younger brother was sleeping. At

some point, Mr. Persinger began to rub N.O.’s “pee pee” with his bare hand under her clothing.

During her testimony, N.O. marked an X on the vaginal area of a female diagram to indicate

where Mr. Persinger had rubbed her. This diagram was admitted into evidence. Further, N.O.

identified a diagram that she had looked at with a detective, and she identified a circle she had

drawn around the vaginal area of a female diagram, indicating where Mr. Persinger had touched

her. N.O. could not recall how long the touching lasted, but stated that it had stopped when N.O.

got out of the chair. N.O. maintained that she did not tell anyone afterward because she did not
                                                4


know whether what had occurred was bad. Eventually, N.O. did speak to her mother about the

incident. However, N.O. was nervous when speaking with her mother, and so she wrote on a

piece of paper, “He did touch my pe pe[.]” N.O. identified this piece of paper, which was

admitted into evidence as the State’s Exhibit 2. N.O. clarified that “[h]e” referred to Mr.

Persinger.

       {¶7}    N.O.’s mother testified that Mr. Persinger is N.O.’s step-grandfather. N.O. has

spent the night at Mr. Persinger’s house without her parents a total of three times. The time that

N.O. spent the night at Mr. Persinger’s house with both of her siblings was August 12-14, 2011,

when she attended a festival with Mr. Persinger’s wife. N.O. would have been eight years old in

August of 2011. In November of 2011, N.O.’s mother learned that something had happened

with Mr. Persinger that caused her concern, and she felt it was necessary to talk to her daughters.

She asked N.O. if she was ever touched inappropriately by Mr. Persinger, and N.O. became very

quiet and sad, and she put her head down in a pillow and started to cry. When N.O. failed to

answer, her mother asked her to write her answer on a piece of paper, which she did, and N.O.’s

mother verified that Exhibit 2 was the paper containing her response that Mr. Persinger had

touched her vaginal area. N.O.’s mother then called the police.

       {¶8}    Mr. Persinger maintains that the above evidence is insufficient to support his

conviction because N.O. could not recall details of the incident, specifically when the incident

occurred and because the State failed to produce evidence that the purported touching was for the

purpose of sexual arousal or gratification. We will limit our discussion of the sufficiency of the

evidence accordingly.

       {¶9}    As to the evidence of when the incident occurred, N.O. maintained that the

incident occurred when she was spending the night with her brother and sister at Mr. Persinger’s
                                                     5


house, and she believed it was summertime. Her mother testified that N.O. spent the night at Mr.

Persinger’s house only three times, and the time her brother was also present was over the

weekend of August 12-14, 2011, when N.O. was eight years old. When viewed in a light most

favorable to the State, the evidence was sufficient to establish that the incident had occurred, and

specifically that it had occurred in August of 2011, when N.O. was eight years old.

           {¶10} Next, as to the purpose of sexual arousal or gratification, although there was no

direct testimony regarding sexual arousal or gratification, N.O. testified that Mr. Persinger

rubbed N.O.’s vaginal area underneath her clothing with his hand while they were in a darkly lit

room and while the other individuals present were focused on a movie. The evidence of the type

and circumstances of the contact, when viewed in the light most favorable to the State, is

sufficient to infer the purpose of sexual arousal or gratification. See Edwards, 2013-Ohio-3068,

at ¶ 10.

           {¶11} Accordingly, Mr. Persinger’s first assignment of error is overruled.

                                     ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II

           [MR.] PERSINGER’S CONVICTION FOR GROSS SEXUAL IMPOSITION
           WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE, IN
           VIOLATION OF [HIS] RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS OF LAW UNDER THE
           FIFTH AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES
           CONSTITUTION AND SECTION 10, ARTICLE 1 OF THE OHIO
           CONSTITUTION.

           {¶12} In his second assignment of error, Mr. Persinger argues that his conviction was

against the manifest weight of the evidence. We disagree.

           {¶13} When a defendant asserts that his conviction is against the manifest weight of the

evidence:

           an appellate court must review the entire record, weigh the evidence and all
           reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of witnesses and determine
           whether, in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact clearly lost its way
                                                6


       and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be
       reversed and a new trial ordered.

State v. Otten, 33 Ohio App.3d 339, 340 (9th Dist.1986). In making this determination, this

Court is mindful that “[e]valuating the evidence and assessing credibility are primarily for the

trier of fact.” State v. Shue, 97 Ohio App.3d 459, 466 (9th Dist.1994), citing Ostendorf-Morris

Co. v. Slyman, 6 Ohio App.3d 46, 47 (8th Dist.1982) and Crull v. Maple Park Body Shop, 36

Ohio App.3d 153, 154 (12th Dist.1987).

       {¶14} Here, the defense called Kevin Smith, Mr. Persinger’s adult stepson, to testify.

Mr. Smith testified that he and his son had visited Mr. Persinger’s house on the weekend of

August 12-14, 2011, when N.O. and her siblings were visiting. That evening, they watched a

movie. Mr. Persinger was seated in a recliner, and N.O. was sitting on the “armchair” of the

couch, and Mr. Persinger had his arm wrapped around her. Mr. Smith, his mother, and N.O.’s

younger sister were seated on the couch, but N.O.’s younger sister alternated between sitting on

the couch and sitting on Mr. Persinger’s lap. Mr. Smith maintained that he did not then witness,

nor has he ever witnessed, Mr. Persinger display any inappropriate behavior toward N.O.

       {¶15} Mr. Persinger maintains that his conviction was against the weight of the evidence

because N.O. expressed uncertainty in her testimony, because she could not recall when the

incident occurred. Further, Mr. Persinger maintains that the testimony of N.O. and her mother

pertaining to their conversation about the incident were inconsistent, because they had differing

recollections as to who obtained the piece of paper on which N.O. wrote and in which room of

their home the conversation took place. Lastly, Mr. Persinger maintains that N.O.’s testimony is

inconsistent with the testimony of Mr. Smith.

       {¶16} First, although N.O. was unsure as to certain details surrounding the incident,

including when it occurred, she clearly testified that Mr. Persinger rubbed her vaginal area while
                                                 7


she was sitting on his lap, watching a movie at his home, and that she was under the age of

thirteen at that time. This Court has held that the jury “has the right to place considerable weight

on the testimony of the victim.” State v. Felder, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 91CA005230, 1992 WL

181016, *1 (July 29, 1992).

       {¶17} Further, although there were disparities in the testimony of N.O. and her mother

pertaining to the details of their conversation, the jury was “free to believe all, part, or none of

the testimony of each witness.” Prince v. Jordan, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 04CA008423, 2004-

Ohio-7184, ¶ 35, citing State v. Jackson, 86 Ohio App.3d 29, 33 (4th Dist.1993). In addition, the

conflicting details as to the conversation between N.O. and her mother do not speak to any

elements of the offense, and we cannot agree that these inconsistencies are of such significance

as to call into question the remainder of their testimony.

       {¶18} Lastly, the testimony of Mr. Smith pertaining to the night at issue appears to

corroborate the surrounding circumstances of the incident as relayed by N.O., except as to Mr.

Smith’s and his son’s presence at the home, and the seating position of N.O. Although Mr.

Smith did not witness any inappropriate behavior on the part of Mr. Persinger, Mr. Smith

acknowledged that he was watching the movie, and not watching Mr. Persinger’s actions. In any

event, to the extent that the testimony of Mr. Smith and N.O. conflict, it was within the province

of the jury to reconcile the inconsistencies. See Prince at ¶ 35. This is because the jury is best

able to judge the credibility of witnesses because it is present to “view witnesses and observe

their demeanor, gestures and voice inflections, and use these observations in weighing the

credibility of the proffered testimony.” State v. Cook, 9th Dist. Summit No. 21185, 2003-Ohio-

727, ¶ 30, quoting Giurbino v. Giurbino, 89 Ohio App.3d 646, 659 (8th Dist.1993).                “A
                                                 8


conviction is not against the manifest weight because the jury chose to credit the State’s version

of events.” See State v. Peasley, 9th Dist. Summit No. 25062, 2010-Ohio-4333, ¶ 18.

       {¶19} Based upon the foregoing, we conclude that this is not the exceptional case where

the jury created a manifest miscarriage of justice in finding Mr. Persinger guilty of gross sexual

imposition. Accordingly, Mr. Persinger’s second assignment of error is overruled.

                                                III.

       {¶20} Mr. Persinger’s assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Lorain

County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

                                                                              Judgment affirmed.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of

this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellant.




                                                       CARLA MOORE
                                                       FOR THE COURT
                                           9




BELFANCE, P. J.
HENSAL, J.
CONCUR.


APPEARANCES:

VALERIE KUNZE, Assistant State Public Defender, for Appellant.

DENNIS P. WILL, Prosecuting Attorney, and NATASHA RUIZ GUERRIERI, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.
