J-S39021-17



NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

RICKY W. BLOOM                                         IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                             PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellant

                       v.

REBECCA L. BLOOM

                                                           No. 1443 WDA 2016


                   Appeal from the Order September 8, 2016
                In the Court of Common Pleas of Fayette County
                    Civil Division at No(s): 255 OF 1991, G.D.


BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., BOWES AND STRASSBURGER,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.:                                     FILED JULY 31, 2017

       Ricky W. Bloom (“Husband”) appeals the September 8, 2016 order

granting, in part, Rebecca L. Bloom’s (“Wife”) petition for enforcement of

divorce settlement agreement and for counsel fees. We affirm.

       The facts underlying this matter are not in dispute. Husband and Wife

were married on April 22, 1972.                Husband served in the Army for the

majority of the marriage, having re-entered service in November of 1973,

and retired in December of 1991.1 Following their separation, Husband and

Wife entered into a divorce settlement agreement, which provided, inter alia,

that Wife would receive one-half of Husband’s Army retirement pay for life.
____________________________________________


1
  Husband was drafted into the Army in October of 1969, but left the service
two years later in October of 1971.



* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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The court entered a divorce decree on March 5, 1992, incorporating that

document.   Thereafter, Husband retired from the Army, and Wife received

monthly payments of $656.50 from Husband’s military retirement pay from

1992 until January of 2012.

     In 2009, following an annual physical and psychiatric consultation,

Appellant was declared totally disabled and was required to resign from the

high school teaching position he held at that time.     In December 2011,

Husband decided to forego his monthly retirement benefits in order to

receive   tax-exempt   payments   through   the   Combat    Related   Service

Connected Disability (“CRSC”) program. In order to do so, Husband waived

his right to the entirety of his military retirement payments.   In February

2012, as a result of Husband’s decision to wholly waive his retirement

benefits, the monthly payments to Wife ceased.

     On February 1, 2016, Wife filed a petition for enforcement of divorce

settlement agreement and for counsel fees, contending that Husband’s

cessation of the monthly payment to her violated the terms of their accord.

After a hearing on the matter, the trial court ordered Husband to reinstitute

the previously agreed upon monthly payments, plus an additional $100.00

per month towards $36,107.50 in back payments which accrued between

2012 and 2016. The court denied Wife’s request for counsel fees. Husband

filed a timely notice of appeal and complied with the court’s order to file a

Rule 1925(b) concise statement of errors complained of on appeal.        The

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court authored a Rule 1925(a) opinion.       This matter is now ready for our

consideration.

      Appellant raises three questions for our review:

   A. Did the lower court err in finding that [Wife] was entitled to
      receive payments of a portion of [Husband’s] CRSC military
      disability benefits pursuant to a divorce settlement agreement
      that the parties had entered into in January of 1992?

   B. Did the lower court err in failing to find the doctrine of laches
      precluded [Wife] from entitlement to a resumption of payments
      from [Husband], or, in the alternative, assuming arguendo that
      she was entitled to a resumption of payments, that it was
      improper to date that resumption of payments retroactively to
      January of 2012?

   C. Did the court err in failing to find that the relief sought by [Wife]
      was barred by the statute of limitations?

Husband’s brief at 4 (capitalization omitted).

      For ease of disposition, we evaluate Husband’s issues in reverse order.

In his third issue, Husband contends that Wife’s petition to enforce the

divorce settlement agreement was barred by the statute of limitations. We

note that “[a] question regarding the application of the statute of limitations

is a question of law.” K.A.R. v. T.G.L, 107 A.3d 770, 775 (Pa.Super. 2014)

(citation omitted). The statute of limitations applicable to a contract is four

years.   Id.; 42 Pa.C.S. § 5525(a)(8).      Simply, Husband asserts that Wife

filed her petition more than four years after Husband allegedly breached the

settlement agreement. As such, he concludes that this matter was barred

by the statute of limitations.



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       Upon review of the record, we find Husband is not entitled to relief. It

is undisputed that Wife’s last payment was received in January 2012. Thus,

Wife’s claim that Husband breached their agreement did not materialize until

February 2012, when Wife’s February monthly payment was not made. Wife

instituted this proceeding by filing a petition for enforcement of the divorce

settlement agreement on February 1, 2016, within the four year statute of

limitations provided by law.2 Thus, Wife’s complaint was not barred by the

applicable statutory period.

       Next, Husband contends that Wife’s suit was barred by the doctrine of

laches.     We observe that, “[u]nlike the application of the statute of

limitations, exercise of the doctrine of laches does not depend on a

mechanical passage of time.”             Fulton v. Fulton, 106 A.3d 127, 131

(Pa.Super. 2014). Rather, “the doctrine of laches may bar a suit in equity

where a comparable suit at law would not be barred by an analogous statute

of limitations.” Id. We have previously described the defense of laches as

follows:

____________________________________________


2
   Wife rebuts Husband’s contention arguing that the parties’ agreement
constituted a continuing contract, which would not be subject to the four
year statute of limitations. See Crispo v. Crispo, 909 A.2d 308, 313
(Pa.Super. 2006) (noting, “[w]hen a contract is continuing, the statute of
limitations will run either from the time when the breach occurs or when the
contract is in some way terminated.”). Since we find that Wife’s petition was
timely filed in any case, we need not determine whether the parties’
agreement constituted a continuing contract.



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            Laches is an equitable doctrine which bars relief when the
      complaining party is guilty of want of due diligence in failing to
      promptly institute the action to the prejudice of another. In
      order to prevail on an assertion of laches, respondents must
      establish: a) a delay arising from petitioner’s failure to exercise
      due diligence; and b) prejudice to the respondents resulting from
      the delay. The question of laches is factual and is determined by
      examining the circumstances of each case. Prejudice in the
      context of a claim of laches means that the party must change
      his position to his detriment in order to invoke laches.

      In re Estate of Aiello, 993 A.2d 283, 287 (Pa.Super 2010) (internal

citations omitted).

      Specifically, Husband emphasizes Wife’s four-year delay in instituting

an action against him. He asserts that Wife provided no explanation for that

delay, and he contends that he was prejudiced since he is unemployed and

had otherwise “organized his financial affairs around the income he has been

receiving throughout that period of time.” Husband’s brief at 25. Husband

also stresses the trial court’s award of damages as evidence that he was

prejudiced by Wife’s lack of diligence, since he now owes Wife back

payments which he previously considered as income.         In the alternative,

Husband states that, assuming this matter is not barred by laches, then the

trial court erred in calculating Wife’s arrearages to the date his payments

ceased.

      At the outset, we find that Husband has neither developed an

argument nor cited a single legal authority in support of his position that the

court erred in its assessment of damages calculated from February 2012.



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Husband’s brief at 25.     Hence, that claim is waived.       In re Estate of

Whitley, 50 A.3d 203 (Pa.Super. 2012) (observing, “[t]his Court will not

consider the merits of an argument which fails to cite relevant case or

statutory authority,” and “[f]ailure to cite relevant legal authority constitutes

waiver of the claim on appeal.”) (citations omitted).

      Turning to Husband’s allegation that laches should bar Wife’s suit, we

find that the trial court did not err in determining that it did not apply. We

have long held that “he who seeks equity must do equity.” Aiello, supra at

288 (citation omitted).    That is, “[a] party seeking equitable relief must

come before the court with clean hands.”          Id.    Equitable relief is not

available to a party who, to the detriment of the other party, has engaged in

bad conduct related to the matter at hand. Id. As discussed further infra,

Husband’s violation of the party’s settlement agreement created his sudden

influx of income. He cannot now rely on the benefit of that breach to assert

that he was prejudiced by Wife’s delay. Thus, no relief is warranted.

      Finally, we turn to Husband’s first issue.        When we review a trial

court’s decision to enforce a settlement agreement, we are guided by the

following:

      our scope of review is plenary as to questions of law, and we are
      free to draw our own inferences and reach our own conclusions
      from the facts as found by the court. However, we are only
      bound by the trial court’s findings of fact which are supported by
      competent evidence. The prevailing party is entitled to have the
      evidence viewed in the light most favorable to its position. Thus,
      we will only overturn the trial court’s decision when the factual

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        findings of the court are against the weight of the evidence or its
        legal conclusions are erroneous.

Salsman v. Brown, 51 A.3d 892, 893-894 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citation

omitted).

        This Court previously discussed the interplay of the federal and state

laws at issue herein:

        The Uniform Former Spouses’ Protection Act [(“The Act”)] . . .
        refers to military retirement pay as “disposable retired pay” and
        defines that term as: “the total monthly retired pay to which a
        member is entitled less amounts which . . . (B) are deducted
        from the retired pay of such member as a result of . . . waiver of
        retired pay required by law in order to receive compensation
        under title 5 or title 38 [(Veterans Affairs)].” 10 U.S.C. §
        1408(a)(4)(B). To prevent duplication of benefit payments, a
        retired service member may only receive [Veterans Affairs]
        benefits if he waives a corresponding amount of disposable
        retired pay. 38 U.S.C. §§ 5304-5305. The Act further provides
        that a service member’s “disposable retired . . . pay” may be
        treated “as property solely of the member or as property of the
        member and his spouse in accordance with the law of the
        jurisdiction.”   10 U.S.C. § 1408(c)(1).        In Pennsylvania,
        disposable retired pay is classified as marital property, divisible
        upon divorce.

Morgante v. Morgante, 119 A.3d 382, 387 (Pa.Super. 2015) (internal

citations and footnotes omitted).       We observed that neither federal nor

Pennsylvania law considers the portion of military retirement pay waived by

a retiree to receive veterans’ affairs disability benefits as “disposable retired

pay.”     Id.   Hence, the sum of the retirees’ retirement pay subject to

equitable distribution as marital property cannot include those amounts

waived to receive such disability pay. See also Mansell v. Mansell, 490



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U.S. 581 (1989) (holding that the Act does not accord state courts the

power to treat retirement pay waived to receive disability benefits as

divisible property on divorce and finding that federal law prohibited

attachment of veterans’ disability benefits).

      The relevant provision of the parties’ divorce settlement agreement

reads: “[Wife] will receive one half of [Husband’s] retirement pay from the

U.S. Army for as long as she lives. Upon [Husband’s] death, [Wife] will be

provided for by the Survivor’s Benefit Plan. Upon [Wife’s] death, should it

precede [Husband’s], her half of the retirement money will split between

[the parties’ two children].” Divorce Settlement Agreement, 1/10/92, at ¶

1.   Instantly, pursuant to the above-settlement agreement, Wife received

monthly payments of $656.50 taken directly from Husband’s military

retirement pay. When Husband elected to receive CRSC disability benefits,

he waived his entitlement to the entirety of those retirement payments.

Thus, the source of disposable retired pay, to which Wife’s monthly payment

was attached, was completely depleted and her monthly payments ceased.

      The trial court determined that Husband’s election of CRSC benefits in

lieu of his retirement payments amounted to “a ‘unilateral and extrajudicial

modification of the decree,’ depriving [Wife] of the bargained-for benefits

included in the divorce decree.” Trial Court Opinion, 9/8/16, at unnumbered

5 (citing Hayward v. Hayward, 868 A.2d 554, 560 (Pa.Super. 2005)). It

observed that, “so long as the court’s order avoids specifying an ‘improper

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source of funds’ for payments to be made in conformity with the decree,

there will be no violation of [Mansell, supra].”    Id.   Hence, it concluded

that Husband breached a valid contract when he unilaterally changed the

source of his monthly benefits so that Wife no longer received her share of

his retirement funds. The court determined that Wife was entitled to receive

the benefit of the bargain, but refrained from attaching Wife’s payments to

Husband’s CRSC benefits.     Instead, it ordered Husband to pay Wife the

damages flowing from his breach of contract.

     In support of his position, Husband attempts to distinguish this case

from Hayward, supra.       In Hayward, the parties, following entry of a

divorce decree, entered into an equitable distribution agreement which

provided the wife with fifty percent of the marital portion of her ex-spouse’s

military and civil service pensions.    The agreement resulted in a consent

order which was later converted into a qualified domestic relations order

(“QDRO”).    Although the husband did not sign the QDRO or attend the

hearing on the matter, the court approved and entered the QDRO after the

wife filed a motion for special relief. The husband later contested the entry

of the QDRO, but the court denied relief. The husband appealed.

     On appeal, this Court remanded the matter since the trial court had

employed an improper coverture fraction in calculating the benefits which

accrued prior to marriage and after separation.       On remand, the court

corrected that error and, additionally, granted a motion by the wife

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requesting a hearing on a new allegation that the husband had waived his

military retirement pay to receive disability payments in order to avoid the

effect of the QDRO.

      A hearing on the wife’s allegation was held before a hearing officer.

The hearing officer found that the husband had waived his military

retirement for an improper purpose and ordered him, in part, to pay the wife

a lump sum for arrearages and $249 per month as alimony in lieu of his

military pension. After the husband filed exceptions, the trial court held that

alimony was not available as a remedy at that juncture, but nevertheless,

granted the wife $249 per month in arrears owed from the military

retirement payments. The husband again appealed to this Court.

      Of import here, the husband in Hayward argued on appeal that the

trial court erred in directing him to reimburse the wife from his veterans’

disability benefits.   We noted that the value of the husband’s military

retirement benefits was not in dispute, and that the trial court had calculated

the wife’s monthly payments at the rate agreed upon by the parties.

Nevertheless, the husband alleged that the court erred in this regard, since

the wife’s payments should not reflect a percentage of his total retirement

payments, but a percentage of his disposable retired pay, which, as defined

by the Act, did not include the amount of retirement pay he waived in order

to receive veterans’ disability pay.




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      In Hayward, we observed that the husband’s argument raised a

question of first impression in Pennsylvania.    Upon reviewing a number of

cases from other jurisdictions that had addressed the issue, we were

persuaded by the rationale employed by those courts.        We found that the

parties’ agreement was not limited to “disposable retirement pay,” and that

the wife “bargained for 50% of the marital portion of [the husband’s] civil

and military retirement benefits and [the husband] agreed to pay those

amounts.”    Hayward, supra at 560-561.         Hence, we concluded that the

husband was “bound by his agreement to pay 50% of the marital portion of

his military and civil retirement benefits, even though it may have to be paid

from other available funds.” Id. at 561. See In re Marriage of Gahagen,

690 N.W.2d 695 (Iowa Ct. App. 2004) (unpublished memorandum at *5)

(holding “a military ex-spouse’s post-decree election to waive some or all of

a military pension in order to collect veterans’ disability benefits constitutes

a ‘unilateral[] and extrajudicial []’ modification of the decree.”); In re

Marriage of Krempin, 83 Ca.Rptr.2d 134 (Cal. Ct. App. 1999) (observing,

“If the trial court were to conclude that the parties intended for appellant to

continue to receive her original share of respondent’s retirement pay even if

he waived all or a portion of that pay to obtain disability benefits, the

Mansell case would not prevent the court from giving appellant the benefit

of her bargain[.]”).




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      Herein, Husband contends that Hayward is inapposite.        He asserts

that, unlike in Hayward, this matter did not arise from a consent order or

QDRO. Thus, he alleges that his waiver did not constitute a “unilateral and

extrajudicial modification of the decree[.]” Husband’s brief at 16. Husband

claims that the parties’ settlement agreement was not drafted with the aid of

counsel, and that it was not made part of any consent order or “any other

document which reflected the Court’s imprimatur.” Id. Moreover, he notes

that, in some of the cases relied on by this Court in Hayward, the military

spouse intentionally acted to frustrate the settlement agreement. He claims

that he did not know the consequences of his waiver, and therefore, he did

not intentionally breach the agreement.       Rather, he maintains that he

elected to receive CRSC benefits because it bore him a slight financial

advantage. Finally, Husband argues that, in the cases relied upon by this

Court in Hayward, the military spouses had other sources of income to

satisfy the courts equitable remedy.          He insists that this case is

distinguishable since “no such sources for payment to Wife were identified in

the record of the instant case.” Id. at 17.

      We are not persuaded by the distinctions advanced by Husband.       In

Hayward, supra, we found the trial court did not abuse its discretion when

it fashioned an equitable remedy in favor of the wife. We emphasized that

the parties had entered into a valid agreement providing the wife with a

share of the husband’s retirement payments, that the agreement did not

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specifically apply to disposable retirement pay, and that the husband had

made a unilateral, extrajudicial decision affecting the wife’s share.       We

determined that the husband was bound by his contract, and that he was

liable for payments to the wife equaling fifty percent of his military

retirement benefits.

       Instantly, Husband and Wife entered into a divorce settlement

agreement that guaranteed that Wife would receive one-half of Husband’s

military retirement pay for life.     Contrary to Husband’s assertion, that

document was incorporated into the divorce decree.         Decree in Divorce,

3/5/92, 255 G.D. 1991, (“The Court hereby incorporates by reference the

terms of the parties’ separation agreement filed of record at above number

and term.”).     Further, the agreement does not specifically reference

Husband’s disposable retired pay, but rather, ensures that Wife receive a

share of Husband’s “retirement pay from the U.S. Army.”                 Divorce

Settlement Agreement, 1/10/92, at ¶ 1.         Thus, we find that Hayward,

supra, controls the disposition of this matter, and that the trial court did not

err in fashioning an equitable remedy providing Wife with the benefit of the

bargain, that is, an amount equaling fifty percent of Husband’s retirement

pay.

       Lastly, we find the trial court was not obligated to specify a source of

income from which the payments owed to Wife were to originate. Husband

insists that the court cannot avoid the United States Supreme Court’s

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holding in Mansell, supra, by merely ensuring that Husband’s disability

benefits are not attached. He claims that the record must disclose a viable

separate source of income, and that the record does not contain evidence

that Husband possesses such a source.

      Mansell, supra, does not stand for the proposition that the trial court

must determine that a party can satisfy his contractual obligations, but only

that such satisfaction cannot be attached directly to the party’s military

disability pay.   Although some courts have utilized alternative sources of

income in rendering an equitable judgment, we find no language in Mansell

which mandates such a finding. Thus, Husband is not entitled to relief.

      In sum, we find that the trial court did not err in granting Wife’s

motion to enforce the parties’ divorce settlement agreement and in directing

Husband to pay Wife $656.60 per month pursuant to that agreement, plus

an additional $100 per month towards outstanding arrearages.

      Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 7/31/2017




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