[Cite as In re R.C., 2017-Ohio-5729.]


                                        COURT OF APPEALS
                                     RICHLAND COUNTY, OHIO
                                    FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT


                                                :   JUDGES:
                                                :
                                                :   Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J.
                                                :   Hon. William B. Hoffman, J.
 IN RE R.C.                                     :   Hon. Earle E. Wise, Jr., J.
                                                :
                                                :   Case No. 17CA03
                                                :
                                                :
                                                :
                                                :
                                                :   OPINION


CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                            Appeal from the Richland County Court
                                                    of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division
                                                    Case No. 2016-DEP-00061



JUDGMENT:                                           AFFIRMED




DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                             June 30, 2017




APPEARANCES:

 For Father-Appellant:                              For RCCS-Appellee:

 JOHN A. BOYD                                       SERENA M. COPPULA
 1 Marion Ave., Suite 215                           Richland County Children Serv. Bd.
 Mansfield, OH 44903                                731 Scholl Road
                                                    Mansfield, OH 44907
Richland County, Case No. 17CA03                                                     2

Delaney, P.J.

       {¶1} Father-Appellant appeals the December 23, 2016 judgment entry of the

Richland County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division.

                       FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

       {¶2} Father-Appellant and Mother are the parents of R.C., born on December

17, 2012.

       {¶3} In 2015, Mother and Father resided together in a homeless shelter for three

months. In June 2015, Richland County Children Services (“RCCS”) received a referral

regarding the well-being of R.C. Mother and Father were residing with R.C. in the

homeless shelter, but were also allegedly squatting with R.C. in another house. Around

this time, Mother and Father took R.C. to live with Maternal Grandmother in Morrow

County, Ohio. RCCS could not locate the family and took no further action based on the

referral.

       {¶4} RCCS investigated a second referral on September 1, 2015 concerning a

report that Mother and Father were using drugs and R.C. was unsupervised at a home in

Richland County, Ohio. A caseworker met with Mother and Father and did not observe

physical evidence of the parents’ drug use. The caseworker contacted Maternal

Grandmother to pick up R.C. and conducted a visit of Maternal Grandmother’s home. The

caseworker found the home to be satisfactory.

       {¶5} RCCS, while in the process of evaluating the need to file an action for

custody of R.C., entered into a safety plan whereby R.C. would reside with Maternal

Grandmother while Mother and Father would complete required drug and alcohol

assessments, follow any recommendations from the assessments, participate in drug
Richland County, Case No. 17CA03                                                       3


testing, maintain employment, and maintain stable housing. Mother agreed to the safety

plan, but Father did not consent. During safety plan checks at Maternal Grandmother’s

home, R.C. seemed happy and stable. There were children his age in the household.

Maternal Grandmother made sure he was up to date on his immunizations. While R.C.

resided with Maternal Grandmother, Father lived with Maternal Great-Grandfather at a

different residence. Father visited with R.C. almost daily. Father obtained employment

with Maternal Grandfather’s place of employment. Father is currently living with Maternal

Grandmother and R.C.

      {¶6} A caseworker with RCCS testified Father denied having a substance abuse

problem on September 22, 2015, but on October 8, 2015, Father told the caseworker he

had been using heroin and showed her the track marks on his arms. The caseworker

believed Father was living with Maternal Grandmother in November 2015 and on

November 8, 2015, Father admitted to smoking crack cocaine prior to November 2015.

During a surprise visit to Maternal Grandmother’s home on December 28, 2015, Father

refused a drug test because he admitted to using marijuana.

      {¶7} In May 2016, Father and Maternal Grandmother told RCCS to leave them

alone and not to come back. RCCS could not check on R.C.’s well-being.

      {¶8} Father was charged with felony possession of cocaine and placed in the

Substance Abuse Treatment Court program. On July 25, 2016, August 1, 2016, August

15, 2016, and September 20, 2016, Father tested positive for cocaine. On July 28, 2016,

Father tested positive for oxycodone and cocaine. Probation sanctioned Father for the

positive drug screens and for running away from his probation officer on September 29,

2016. Father missed two of five mandated drug-counseling sessions.
Richland County, Case No. 17CA03                                                         4


       {¶9}    On August 5, 2016, RCCS filed a complaint alleging R.C. was a dependent

and neglected child as defined in R.C. 2151.04 and 2151.03. Additionally, the complaint

requested the trial court grant a protective supervision order to RCCS. On October 18,

2016, RCCS amended its complaint to request an order granting temporary custody of

R.C. to another relative with an order of protective supervision to RCCS. RCCS also filed

a motion to produce R.C. for a safety and welfare check. The trial court granted the motion

on October 19, 2016.

       {¶10} An adjudicatory hearing was held before the magistrate on October 21,

2016. Mother agreed to a finding of dependency. At the time of the hearing, Mother was

incarcerated at the Ohio State Reformatory for Women on a charge of heroin possession.

The Guardian ad Litem testified at the hearing that she had very limited contact with R.C.

She stated the contact she had with R.C. showed him to be happy with Maternal

Grandmother. She recommended R.C. stay with Maternal Grandmother.

       {¶11} On November 8, 2016, the magistrate recommended R.C. be found a

dependent child pursuant to R.C. 2151.04(C). The magistrate found Mother and Father

were struggling with substance abuse issues and required further treatment before R.C.

could be safely returned to their care. The magistrate further determined Mother and

Father could remove R.C. from his current and seemingly stable environment at any time,

but because Father and Maternal Grandmother denied RCCS access to the home, RCCS

could not be assured of the adequacy of R.C.’s care in the home. The magistrate ordered

R.C. not be removed from Maternal Grandmother’s home and transferred the matter to

the Morrow County Court of Common Pleas.
Richland County, Case No. 17CA03                                                         5


      {¶12} The trial court adopted the magistrate’s decision on November 8, 2016.

Father filed objections to the magistrate’s decision. The trial court overruled Father’s

objections and reaffirmed its adoption of the magistrate’s decision on December 23, 2016.

It is from this judgment Father now appeals.

                              ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

      {¶13} Father raises one Assignment of Error:

      {¶14} “THE TRIAL COURT’S DECISION THAT R.C. IS A DEPENDENT CHILD

AS DEFINED BY OHIO REVISED CODE (R.C.) 2151.04 IS CONTRARY TO LAW AND

NOT SUPPORTED BY CLEAR AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE.”

                                      ANALYSIS

      {¶15} Father contends in his sole Assignment of Error that the trial court’s decision

that R.C. is a dependent child is not supported by clear and convincing evidence. Father

argues he has demonstrated proper parental care by voluntarily placing R.C. with

Maternal Grandmother, a responsible relative.

      {¶16} This Court stated in In re Pierce, 5th Dist. Muskingum No. CT2008–0019,

2008–Ohio–6716, that a trial court's adjudication of a child as abused, neglected, or

dependent must be supported by clear and convincing evidence. In re G. McC., 5th Dist.

Stark Nos. 2013CA00103, 2013CA00106, 2013-Ohio-5310, ¶ 28 citing R.C. 2151.35.

Clear and convincing evidence is that which produces “in the mind of the trier of fact a

firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be established.” In Re: Adoption of

Holcomb, 18 Ohio St.3d 361, 368, 481 N.E.2d 613 (1985), quoting Cross v. Ledford, 161

Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d 118 (1954). When this Court reviews an adjudication to

determine whether the judgment is supported by clear and convincing evidence, we must
Richland County, Case No. 17CA03                                                              6


determine whether the trier of fact had sufficient evidence before it to satisfy the clear and

convincing degree of proof. In Re: Christian, 4th Dist. Athens No. 04CA10, 2004–Ohio–

3146, citations omitted.

       {¶17} Dependency is defined by R.C. 2151.04. It states in pertinent part,

       As used in this chapter, “dependent child” means any child:

       (C) Whose condition or environment is such as to warrant the state, in the

       interests of the child, in assuming the child's guardianship;..

       {¶18} The focus of a charge that a child is dependent under R.C. 2151.04(C) is

on the child and his condition and not on the faults of the parents. In re G. McC., supra at

¶ 32 quoting In re Bishop, 36 Ohio App.3d 123, 521 N.E.2d 838 (5th Dist.1987); In re:

Bibb, 70 Ohio App.2d 117, 435 N.E.2d 96 (1st Dist.1980); In re Riddle, 79 Ohio St.3d 259,

680 N.E.2d 1227 (1977). However, a court may consider a parent's conduct insofar as it

forms part of the child's environment. In re D.M., 5th Dist. Stark No. 2013CA00225, 2014-

Ohio-2160, ¶ 23 citing In re Alexander C., 164 Ohio App.3d 540, 2005–Ohio–6134, 843

N.E.2d 211 (6th Dist.). Further, in issues of dependency determination, “the law does not

require the court to experiment with the child's welfare to see if * * * [the child] will suffer

great detriment or harm.” In re Burchfield, 51 Ohio App.3d 148, 156, 555 N.E.2d 325 (4th

Dist.1988).

       {¶19} Before the trial court and on appeal, Father contends the evidence does not

support a dependency finding under R.C. 2151.04(C). Father cites to In re Riddle, 79

Ohio St.3d 259, 262, 1997-Ohio-391, 680 N.E.2d 1227, wherein the Ohio Supreme Court

recognized that “a child who is receiving proper care pursuant to an arrangement initiated

by the parent with a caregiver is not a dependent child under R.C. 2151.04(A).” Riddle
Richland County, Case No. 17CA03                                                            7


addressed dependency under R.C. 2151.04(A), but “the principle that a child is not

‘dependent’ if she is receiving adequate care from an alternate caregiver has been

extended to cases arising under R.C. 2151.04(C).” In re S.A., 2012-Ohio-3394, 974

N.E.2d 1261, ¶ 29 (2nd Dist.).

       {¶20} The first issue is whether Father initiated the arrangement for Maternal

Grandmother to care for R.C. The trial court considered Father’s arguments under Riddle

but found the case was not applicable to the facts presented. The trial court stated, “Riddle

does not really apply, basically for the reason that [attorney for RCCS] has stated. The

safety plan didn’t result solely from the desire of the parents. It resulted from the parents’

decision once there was an intervention by Children Services.” (Tr. 95). The evidence

shows Mother and Father initially placed R.C. with Maternal Grandmother in June 2015.

In September 2015, RCCS investigated a second referral and found R.C. in his parents’

care. RCCS contacted Maternal Grandmother to pick up R.C. After RCCS’s intervention,

RCCS brokered a safety plan agreement with parents and Maternal Grandmother.

       {¶21} Father argues on appeal that while he may not have initiated the placement

of R.C. with Maternal Grandmother, he is complying with the safety plan brokered by

RCCS and R.C. is safe with Maternal Grandmother. Father states under these

circumstances, the child cannot be adjudged dependent pursuant to Riddle. The Ohio

Supreme Court stated in Riddle:

       The [Fifth District Court of Appeals] below in its opinion stated, “Just

       because a child is safe, whether it be in a foster home or the grandparents'

       home, does not negate a finding the child is neglected because of the acts

       or omissions of the parents.” Given the facts of this case, we do not disagree
Richland County, Case No. 17CA03                                                        8


      with the appropriateness of this observation. Similarly, we endorse the

      approach of In re Poth (June 30, 1982), Huron App. No. H–81–31,

      unreported, 1982 WL 9371, in which the Sixth Appellate District, in a

      situation where the county assumed care of a child because the parents

      were not providing care, rejected an argument that the child could not be

      adjudged dependent as a matter of law when the child was receiving

      excellent foster care.

In re Riddle, 79 Ohio St.3d 259, 264, 1997-Ohio-391, 680 N.E.2d 1227.

      {¶22} The trial court summarized its findings as to dependency:

      Even if Riddle did apply to this case, I have other concerns which bring me

      to the point where I have to find by clear and convincing evidence that

      dependency has been established. [Father], you have admitted to the use

      of various drugs and you have tested positive for Cocaine, one, two, three,

      four, five times in the last three months. That’s recent history. And the other

      history I’ve heard is years long history of drug usage. * * * And [Maternal

      Grandmother], the care you have supplied for the child, I appreciate that. *

      * * I am delighted to find out that every observation we have had of [R.C.]

      indicates that he has been receiving good care, his needs are properly met.

      You have no legal authority over [R.C.] at this time. In fact, you don’t even

      have the agreed safety plan that you had because you and your husband

      and [Father] decided that it was inappropriate to continue the involvement

      with [RCCS] back about six months ago. So this young man could take that

      child and walk out of your home anytime he wants to right now. * * * So,
Richland County, Case No. 17CA03                                                               9


       with father having custody, with father living in the home with the child, it is

       only by his grace until I finish this hearing today that [R.C.] is remaining

       there. We have a mother incarcerated for drug issues. We have a father

       with no household of his own, with brand new employment, living with his

       in-laws by their grace. And thankfully, that appears to be going pretty well

       in several ways at this time. But based upon the history of drug usage,

       based upon the recent positive drug tests, and at least one-noncompliance

       with the rules of drug court, with the testimony that the father has not been

       regularly attending his counseling for what are some pretty serious drug

       issues, he Court does fund that uh [R.C.] is a dependent child.

(Tr. 94-96).

       {¶23} Under R.C. 2151.04(C), a dependency finding is based on the child’s

condition or environment. The Second District Court of Appeals recognized that in

considering the child’s environment to determine dependency, the trial court may look

prospectively. In re S.A., 2012-Ohio-3394, ¶ 31. The court stated,

       “ ‘The underlying reasoning * * * appears to be that as a dependency

       hearing focuses on the total environment, a court should look not only to

       the child's present condition but also to the child's potential future

       environment. * * * By focusing on the environment, which can be viewed

       and evaluated with or without the child, the legislature has chosen to permit

       the state to intercede in familial affairs at [an] early stage.’ ” Id. at *4, quoting

       In the Matter of Likens, 2d Dist. Greene No. 85–CA–80, 1986 WL 11910

       (Oct. 24, 1986).
Richland County, Case No. 17CA03                                                     10

Id. at ¶ 31.

       {¶24} Father and Mother have a history of substance abuse. Based on their

substance abuse and while R.C. was in their care, R.C. was exposed to homelessness,

inadequate supervision, food shortages, and inadequate medical care. Maternal

Grandmother is currently meeting the obligations of care, support, and custody; however,

Father could remove R.C. from Maternal Grandmother’s care at any time. The trial court

looked to R.C.’s past environment and potential future environment under Father’s care

and Father’s continuing struggles with substance abuse to make a determination that a

finding of dependency was warranted. We find there is clear and convincing evidence in

the record to support the trial court’s finding as to dependency.

       {¶25} Father’s sole Assignment of Error is overruled.
Richland County, Case No. 17CA03                                             11


                                   CONCLUSION

       {¶26} The judgment of the Richland County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile

Division is affirmed.

By: Delaney, P.J.,

Hoffman, J. and

Wise, Earle, J., concur.
