[Cite as State v. Groves, 2019-Ohio-5025.]


                                        COURT OF APPEALS
                                     FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO
                                    FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT


STATE OF OHIO,                               :       JUDGES:
                                             :       Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
        Plaintiff - Appellee                 :       Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
                                             :       Hon. Earle E. Wise, J.
-vs-                                         :
                                             :
ZAKARY GROVES,                               :       Case Nos. 2019 CA 00032
                                             :                 2019 CA 00033
                                             :
        Defendant - Appellant                :       OPINION



CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                             Appeal from the Fairfield County
                                                     Municipal Court, Case No. 19-CRB-
                                                     703




JUDGMENT:                                            Affirmed




DATE OF JUDGMENT:                                    December 5, 2019




APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee                               For Defendant-Appellant

MITCHELL R. HARDEN                                   NICHOLAS FAGNANO
City of Lancaster Law Director &                     Burkett & Sanderson, Inc.
Prosecutor's Office                                  738 East Main Street
Assistant City Prosecutor                            Lancaster, Ohio 43130
136 W. Main Street
Lancaster, Ohio 43130
Fairfield County, Case No. 2019 CA 00032 & 19 CA 00033                         2


Baldwin, J.

       {¶1}   Zakary Groves appeals the decision of the Fairfield County Municipal Court

accepting his plea of guilty contending that he did not enter the plea knowingly,

intelligently and voluntarily. Appellee is the State of Ohio.

                        STATEMENT OF FACTS AND THE CASE

       {¶2}   The facts leading up to the charges filed against Appellant are not pertinent

to the resolution of the Appeal and are therefore omitted from this opinion.

       {¶3}   Appellant was initially charged with a lengthy list of offenses in different

cases. The charges included one count of Falsification (R.C. 2921.13(A)(3)), two counts

of Criminal Trespass (R.C. 2911.21(A)(1) and (A)(3) respectively), Criminal Damaging

(R.C. 2909.06(A)(1)), Criminal Trespass (R.C. 2911.21(A)(4)), Aggravated Menacing

(R.C. 2903.21), one count of Aggravated Trespass (R.C. 2911.211(A)), one count of

Criminal Damaging (R.C. 2909.06(A)(l)), and one count of Menacing (R.C. 2903.22). He

entered a plea of not guilty to all charges and subsequently changed his plea to guilty to

one count of Aggravated Trespass and one count of Criminal Trespass with the balance

of the charges dismissed as part of a plea agreement.

       {¶4}   At the sentencing hearing, the trial court reviewed the change of plea form

and questioned Appellant regarding his understanding of the rights he was waiving by

entering his guilty plea. Appellant engaged in an exchange with the trial court and he was

represented by competent counsel, who confirmed that he had advised Appellant of the

consequences of a guilty plea.
Fairfield County, Case No. 2019 CA 00032 & 19 CA 00033                     3


      {¶5}   Appellant’s initial attempt to appeal was dismissed as being time barred.

He filed a motion for leave to file a delayed appeal, Appellee did not object, and we

granted his request. He then filed an appeal with a sole assignment of error:

      {¶6}   “I. THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED HARMFUL ERROR IN ACCEPTING

THE GUILTY PLEA OF THE DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.”

                               STANDARD OF REVIEW

      {¶7}   A determination of whether a plea is knowing, intelligent, and voluntary is

based upon a review of the record. State v. Spates, 64 Ohio St.3d 269, 272 (1992). If a

criminal defendant claims that his plea was not knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently

made, the reviewing court must review the totality of the circumstances in order to

determine whether or not the defendant's claim has merit. State v. Nero, 56 Ohio St.3d

106, 108 (1990).

                                      ANALYSIS

      {¶8}   Appellant admits "In the instant case, it is accepted that the trial court

reviewed with Mr. Groves the basic constitutional rights he was surrendering through his

plea of guilty. It is also accepted that Mr. Groves acknowledged that he knew and

understood those rights.” (Appellant's Brief, p. 5). Despite these admissions, Appellant

contends that the proceedings were confusing because Appellant was scheduled for a

bond hearing but instead changed his plea. He argues that the trial court was legally and

morally obligated to insure that Appellant was acting with a full understanding of the

nature of the proceedings.

      {¶9}   Appellant argues conclusions with no factual support. The record contains

the interaction among the trial court, Appellant, Appellant’s counsel and the Appellee’s
Fairfield County, Case No. 2019 CA 00032 & 19 CA 00033                         4


counsel, we can find no suggestion of any confusion and Appellant does not direct us to

any evidence of misunderstanding in the record. And, despite the Appellants position

that the Court had an obligation to take further action to insure that the change of plea

was made knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily, he offers us no legal support for that

obligation nor any practical suggestion as to what more was to be done.            Appellant’s

reference to State v. Montgomery, 148 Ohio St.3d 347, 2016-Ohio-5487, 71 N.E.3d 180

(2016) is inapposite as that case addressed the application of Crim.R. 11(C)(2) to a plea

to charges of murder, domestic violence, and aggravated murder with capital

specifications. The case before us involves petty offenses and the application of Crim.R.

11(E).

         {¶10} “In misdemeanor cases involving petty offenses the court may refuse to

accept a plea of guilty or no contest, and shall not accept such pleas without first informing

the defendant of the effect of the plea of guilty, no contest, and not guilty.” (Crim.R. 11(E)

“Petty offense” is defined as “a misdemeanor other than serious offense”. Crim.R. 2(D).

In turn, Crim.R. 2(C) states that a serious offense “means any felony, and any

misdemeanor for which the penalty prescribed by law includes confinement for more than

six months.”

         {¶11} In the case sub judice, Appellant was charged with Aggravated Trespass

and Criminal Trespass, a first degree and third degree misdemeanor. The maximum

penalty the trial court could impose upon Appellant was a period of imprisonment of “not

more than one hundred eighty days”. R.C. 2929.24. As such, Appellant was convicted of

petty offenses.
Fairfield County, Case No. 2019 CA 00032 & 19 CA 00033                                       5


        {¶12} The trial court did inform Appellant of the “effect” of his plea as required by

Crim.R. 11(E). The court reviewed the plea agreement signed by Appellant and witnessed

by his counsel1 and described the sentence as recommended by the parties. The trial

court also inquired: "Do you understand all the rights that you're waiving by entering a

plea of guilty to the charge of Aggravated Trespass and Criminal Trespass?" and

Appellant responded "Yes, Your Honor" and then confirmed that he wanted to proceed

with the hearing. Appellant’s trial counsel also confirmed that he advised Appellant of the

consequences of a guilty plea.

        {¶13} Further, even if we would assume, arguendo, that the trial court erred, there

is no evidence of prejudicial effect as Appellant never asserted his innocence during the

plea hearing and, in that context, “a defendant who has entered a guilty plea without

asserting actual innocence is presumed to understand that he has completely admitted

his guilt.” State v. Griggs, 103 Ohio St.3d 85, 2004-Ohio-4415, 814 N.E.2d 51, ¶ 19

(2004).

        {¶14} Appellant’s admission that the trial court reviewed the basic constitutional

rights he was surrendering through his plea of guilty and his acknowledgment that he

knew and understood those rights, combined with the material in the record, leads this

court to hold that the trial court did not err in accepting Appellant's plea of guilty.

        {¶15} The Appellant’s assignment of error is overruled.




1 The change of plea form was described in the transcript, but was not part of the record. Appellee
attached a copy of a blank form to its brief, but as it was not part of the record in the case below and the
record was not supplemented pursuant to Appellate Rules, we cannot consider the document submitted
by Appellee.
Fairfield County, Case No. 2019 CA 00032 & 19 CA 00033                    6


      {¶16} The decision of the Fairfield County Municipal Court is affirmed.



By: Baldwin, J.

Gwin, P.J. and

Wise, Earle, J. concur.
