                                Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 118



                 ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                       DIVISION II
                                         CV-13-636
                                       No.


NORMA NESS                                       Opinion Delivered   February 12, 2014
                               APPELLANT

V.                                               APPEAL FROM THE ARKANSAS
                                                 WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
FORT SMITH PUBLIC SCHOOL                         COMMISSION
DISTRICT                                         [NO. G109129]
                      APPELLEE

                                                 AFFIRMED


                           WAYMOND M. BROWN, Judge

       Appellant appeals from the Arkansas Workers’ Compensation Commission’s

(Commission) opinion, reversing the administrative law judge’s opinion, and finding that

appellant failed to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that she was performing

employment services at the time of her slip-and-fall accident on October 27, 2011.

Appellant’s sole point on appeal is that the Commission erred in its finding that appellant

was not performing employment services at the time of her accidental injuries and in

denying and dismissing her claim for benefits attributable to these injuries for that reason.

We affirm.

       Appellant was employed by appellee, had been so employed for eighteen years, and

is still employed by appellee. She worked as both a school bus driver and a

paraprofessional. On October 27, 2011, appellant fell and injured her right leg and

shoulder shortly after entering the bus parking lot at appellee’s service center. She asserted

that her injuries were compensable, alleging that they were sustained while she was
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performing employment services. Appellee denied the claim, contending that appellant

was not performing employment services at the time of the injury.

       Following a hearing before the Commission on August 27, 2012, the

administrative law judge (ALJ) issued an opinion on November 20, 2012, finding that

appellant was engaged in employment services when she fell and injured her right

shoulder and leg on October 27, 2011. Having found so, the ALJ awarded benefits to

appellant. The appellee timely appealed.

       On May 6, 2013, the Full Commission issued an opinion finding that the appellant

failed to prove she was providing employment services at the time of her accidental

injuries on October 27, 2011. It found that her injuries, therefore, were not compensable.

Accordingly, the Full Commission reversed the ALJ’s decision and dismissed appellant’s

claim in its entirety. This timely appeal followed.

       In reviewing a decision of the Workers’ Compensation Commission, an appellate

court views the evidence and all reasonable inferences deducible therefrom in the light

most favorable to the Commission’s findings and affirms those findings if they are

supported by substantial evidence, which is evidence a reasonable person might accept as

adequate to support a conclusion. 1 The issue on appeal is not whether there is evidence

that could support a different finding. 2 It is exclusively within the province of the




       1
         Walker v. United Cerebral Palsy of Ark.s, 2013 Ark. App. 153, at 3, ___ S.W.3d ___
(citing Johnson v. Latex Constr. Co., 94 Ark. App. 431, 232 S.W.3d 504 (2006)).
       2
           Id. (citing Minnesota Mining & Mfg. v. Baker, 337 Ark. 94, 989 S.W.2d 151 (1999)).


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Commission to determine the credibility and the weight to be accorded to each witness’s

testimony. 3

       In order for an accidental injury to be compensable, it must arise out of and in the

course of employment. 4 A compensable injury does not include an “[i]njury which was

inflicted upon the employee at a time when employment services were not being

performed.” 5 The Arkansas Workers’ Compensation Act fails, however, to define the

phrase “in the course of employment” or the term “employment services.” 6 Thus, it falls

to the court to define these terms in a manner that neither broadens nor narrows the scope

of the Act. 7

       Our supreme court has held that an employee is performing “employment

services” when he or she “is doing something that is generally required by his or her

employer.” 8 We use the same test to determine whether an employee was performing

employment services as we do when determining whether an employee was acting within


       3
        Hudak-Lee v. Baxter Cty. Reg’l Hosp., 2011 Ark. 31, at 5, 378 S.W.3d 77, 80
(citing Honeysuckle v. Curtis H. Stout, Inc., 2010 Ark. 328, 368 S.W.3d 64).
       4
           Id. at 6, 378 S.W.3d at 80 (citing Ark. Code Ann. § 11-9-102(4)(A)(i) (Supp.
2009)).
       5
        Haynes v. Ozark Guidance Ctr., Inc., 2011 Ark. App. 396, at 4, 384 S.W.3d 570,
572 (citing Ark. Code Ann. § 11-9-102(4)(B)(iii) (Supp. 2009)).
       6
        Id. (citing Texarkana Sch. Dist. v. Conner, 373 Ark. 372, 376, 284 S.W.3d 57, 61
(2008)).
       7
           Id.
       8
       Wood v. Wendy’s Old Fashioned Hamburgers, 2010 Ark. App. 307, at 4, 374 S.W.3d
785, 788 (citing Texarkana Sch. Dist., 373 Ark. at 376, 284 S.W.3d at 61).


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the course of employment. 9 Specifically, it has been held that the test is whether the injury

occurred “within the time and space boundaries of the employment, when the employee

[was] carrying out the employer’s purpose or advancing the employer’s interest directly or

indirectly.” 10 Moreover, the issue of whether an employee was performing employment

services within the course of employment depends on the particular facts and

circumstances of each case. 11

       Because the only issue in this case is whether there is substantial evidence to

support the Commission’s decision, and the Full Commission’s opinion adequately

explains why it reversed the ALJ and dismissed appellant’s claim, we affirm by

memorandum opinion under subsections (a) and (b) of In re Memorandum Opinions. 12

       Affirmed.

       GLADWIN, C.J., and WOOD, J., agree.

       Michael L. Ellig, for appellant.

       Ledbetter, Cogbill, Arnold & Harrison, LLP, by: James A. Arnold, II, for appellee.




       9
           Id.
       10
            Id. (citing Texarkana Sch. Dist., 373 Ark. at 376–77, 284 S.W.3d at 61).
       11
         Hudak-Lee, 2011 Ark. 31, at 5, 378 S.W.3d at 80 (citing Texarkana Sch. Dist., 373
Ark. at 377, 284 S.W.3d at 66).
       12
            16 Ark. App. 301, 700 S.W.2d 63 (1985)
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