Filed 4/29/13 P. v. Vanderdorp CA2/5
                  NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                     SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                  DIVISION FIVE


THE PEOPLE,                                                          B240117

         Plaintiff and Respondent,                                   (Los Angeles County
                                                                     Super. Ct. No. BA384556)
         v.

JUAN VANDERDORP,

         Defendant and Appellant.



         APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, Stephen
A. Marcus, Judge. Affirmed.
         Elana Goldstein, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
         Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant Attorney
General, Lance E. Winters, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Paul M. Roadarmel, Jr.,
Supervising Deputy Attorney General, Nima Razfar, Deputy Attorney General, for
Plaintiff and Respondent.
                                   INTRODUCTION
       A jury convicted defendant and appellant Juan Vanderdorp of vandalism causing
damage over $400 (Pen. Code, § 594, subd. (a)) and misdemeanor hit and run driving
(Veh. Code, § 20002, subd. (a)). The trial court placed defendant on formal probation for
a period of three years under various terms and conditions. Following a contested
restitution hearing, the trial court ordered defendant to pay Talysa Wager $1,400 and
Rupert Ouane $2,000.
       On appeal, defendant contends that the trial court erred in excluding evidence that
his victim previously attacked him, in denying his request for an instruction on the
defense of necessity, and in awarding Wager $1,400 in restitution. We affirm the
judgment.


                                    BACKGROUND
People’s Case
       Wager lived in and operated a hair salon in a converted garage. Defendant
operated a clothing store across the street. Wager met defendant when she applied for a
job at his clothing store. As of January 2011, Wager had known defendant for about four
months and saw him almost every day. They never had a romantic relationship. Wager
allowed defendant to park his van in her driveway on occasion.
       About 10:30 p.m. on January 16, 2011, Alejandro Lucas picked up Wager for a
date. During the date, Wager received a text message from defendant that stated, “I know
that you‟re out on a date right now. I know you‟re sitting with somebody. I don‟t know
why this hurts me so bad. I wish it was me.” Later, Wager received a text message from
defendant that asked if he could park his van in Wager‟s driveway and sleep in it. Wager
wrote back, “This is inappropriate, and you can absolutely not park there.”
       About 1:00 a.m., the next morning, Lucas brought Wager home from their date.
When they arrived at Wager‟s home, they found defendant‟s van parked in the driveway.
Lucas parked on the street slightly behind defendant‟s van and asked Wager to wait in the
car. He got out of the car, walked to defendant‟s van, and tapped on the driver‟s window.

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Lucas introduced himself to defendant and asked defendant to back out of the driveway,
telling him that he was not welcome there.
       Defendant raised his voice and asked Lucas about the nature of his relationship
with Wager. Lucas tried to de-escalate the situation by telling defendant, “Look, you live
across the street. Just move your van across the street. She doesn‟t want you here. Can
you please go home.” Defendant appeared to be angry and yelled at Lucas. A neighbor
came outside with a hammer and told defendant to move his van.
       Wager got out of Lucas‟s car and walked to the van. She tapped Lucas on the
shoulder and told him not to worry, that she would take care of the situation. She told the
neighbor to go back inside. Lucas got in his car and moved it about 20 feet.
       Wager said to defendant, “Juan, please move your car. You asked me if you could
park here. I said absolutely no.” Defendant told Wager “to go fuck” herself and said that
he was not going to move his car. Wager told defendant that she would call the police if
he did not move his car. Defendant screamed at Wager, calling her a “fucking whore.”
He said that Wager had seduced and put a spell on him. He said that Wager “made him
do this.” Wager said, “Please, you need to move your car.”
       Defendant said, “If I can‟t stay out here, I‟m going in.” He started the van and
“plowed” into Wager‟s salon. About one fourth of the van entered the salon. The van
stopped for about one to one and a half seconds, “revved,” and proceeded further into the
salon. At this point, about three quarters of the van had entered the salon. Defendant
backed the van out of the driveway. Lucas described the manner in which defendant
backed out as “very quick” and “very unsafe.” Wager was furious that defendant had
driven into her home. As defendant backed out of the driveway, Wager tried to “grab
[defendant] or something.” Wager admitted that she might have been trying to punch
defendant. Wager‟s arm got stuck on the side view mirror and she ran as defendant
dragged her about 20 yards before she separated from the van. Her arm was
“completely” bruised. Defendant did not stop and exchange registration or other
information with Wager. Instead, he drove off at a high rate of speed and did not return
for two days.

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Defense Case
          Testifying in his own behalf, defendant said that he and Wager were friends and
that he was not interested in her romantically. Defendant sometimes parked his van in
Wager‟s driveway. Usually, he did not ask for permission to park there. Wager
sometimes asked defendant to park his van in her driveway because the area was crime-
ridden and the presence of defendant‟s van gave Wager a sense of security.
          On the night of January 17, 2011, defendant sent Wager a text message saying that
he was “going to probably sleep there that night.” He did not ask if he could park his van
in the driveway because that was “kind of like [his] parking spot.” He parked there on
Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays. Wager sent defendant a message telling him that he
could not park in her driveway. Nevertheless, defendant parked in the driveway and fell
asleep.
          At some point, Lucas knocked on the window and woke up defendant. Defendant
rolled down the window half way. Lucas said to defendant, “I need you to move your
van.” Defendant replied, “Who the hell are you?” Lucas said, “Listen, guy. I need you
to move your van.” Lucas was impatient. Lucas reached in the van and tried to open the
door, but defendant rolled up the window. Lucas‟s actions frightened defendant.
          Wager approached and defendant realized that she and Lucas were together.
Wager asked defendant to leave. According to defendant, Wager was intoxicated.
Defendant said to Wager, “I see that you‟re drunk again.” Wager responded, “That‟s
none of your fucking business. I can lead my life any way I want.” Wager said a few
more things and defendant said, “Well, I guess we‟re going to have to deal with this when
you‟re sober.” Defendant did not say to Wager anything like “If I can‟t be out here in the
driveway, I‟m going to drive through,” or that he was going to drive through or hit her
house.
          Defendant turned on his van intending to leave, but accidentally put the van into
drive instead of reverse. The van hit the salon‟s front door and went about three feet
inside the salon. Defendant backed the van out of the salon and stopped to “deal” with
the situation. He did not drive farther into the salon. Defendant was looking at the

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damage when Wager “punched” him in the face with an open hand. Although defendant
was not injured in any way, the blow was forceful. After punching defendant, Wager
grabbed defendant‟s ear and shirt. Wager was furious.
       Defendant told Wager that he was leaving and asked her to let go of him. As
defendant backed out of the driveway, Wager would not let go. Defendant conceded that
it may have been unsafe for him to back out of the driveway, but said that he did not back
out quickly because Wager was holding onto him. Defendant drove away. Defendant
left because Wager had punched him and he was afraid of her and not because he had
intentionally destroyed someone‟s property. Defendant thought it was “appropriate” to
leave because he was being attacked—Lucas had previously tried to open defendant‟s
van, a man was waving a hammer, and a woman was trying to strangle him.
       Defendant had a cell phone with him during the incident, but did not call the
police until between 3:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. later that day. Defendant made an
appointment to speak the following morning with the detective who had been assigned
the case. Defendant told the detective what had happened. Three days later, defendant
spoke with the owner of the house and gave him defendant‟s insurance information.
Defendant admitted that he drove the van into the house, that the damage to the house
was greater than $400, and that he left the scene without providing insurance information
to anyone.


                                      DISCUSSION
I.     Exclusion of Evidence of Wager’s Prior Physical Fight With Defendant
       Defendant contends that the trial court erred when it denied his motion to
introduce evidence of Wager‟s prior physical fight with defendant. Such evidence,
defendant argues, would have supported his claim that he left after driving into the garage
because he was afraid of Wager. Defendant forfeited review of this issue by failing to
renew his request that the evidence be admitted after Wager testified and press the trial
court for a final ruling.



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       Prior to trial, defense counsel requested permission to introduce evidence of a
prior physical fight between Wager and defendant if the prosecution called Wager as a
witness. The fight took place one month prior to the incident in which defendant drove
into Wager‟s garage. Defense counsel wanted to cross-examine Wager about the incident
and call the police officers who responded to the fight and took a report. The evidence
was relevant, defense counsel argued, to show that Wager had a tendency to react
violently when confronted and that she had so reacted one month prior when she injured
defendant.
       The trial court stated that Wager‟s alleged prior criminal conduct did not appear to
be very probative or relevant to Wager‟s credibility or why defendant drove into the
house. The trial court asked if there were something about Wager‟s and defendant‟s
relationship that would show the relevance of the evidence. Defense counsel stated that
Wager and defendant had a relationship as neighbors that had soured over time to the
point that one month prior to the incident in this case Wager physically attacked
defendant while under the influence of drugs and alcohol. Defense counsel stated that
Wager was under the influence of drugs and alcohol during the incident in this case.
       The trial court stated, “I‟ll tell you what. My ruling is you cannot introduce that
evidence nor ask her that question for impeachment purposes. However, I will await her
testimony. I will await some of your cross. I‟ll keep that in mind. And if in my mind it
becomes relevant, I‟ll either call you up, or I may say—again, I‟d like to wait and see,
when you present a defense, whether it becomes relevant. And you‟ll just have to keep
those witnesses on call. Right now I‟m saying no. 352, it doesn‟t come in.”
       “A tentative pretrial evidentiary ruling, made without fully knowing what the trial
evidence would show, will not preserve the issue for appeal if the appellant could have,
but did not, renew the objection or offer of proof and press for a final ruling in the
changed context of the trial evidence itself. [Citations.] „“„Where the court rejects
evidence temporarily or withholds a decision as to its admissibility, the party desiring to
introduce the evidence should renew his offer, or call the court‟s attention to the fact that



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a definite decision is desired.‟”‟ [Citation.]” (People v. Holloway (2004) 33 Cal.4th 96,
133; People v. Ennis (2010) 190 Cal.App.4th 721, 735-736.)
       The trial court made its pretrial evidentiary ruling expressly acknowledging that it
did not know fully what the evidence adduced at trial would show. It stated that it would
reconsider its ruling in light of Wager‟s testimony. Accordingly, it was defense counsel‟s
obligation to renew his request that the evidence be admitted and press for a final ruling
after Wager testified in order to preserve the issue for appeal. (People v. Holloway,
supra, 33 Cal.4th at p. 133.) Defense counsel‟s failure to do so forfeited appellate review
of the issue. (People v. Ennis, supra, 190 Cal.App.4th at pp. 735-736.)


II.    The Defense of Necessity Instruction
       Defendant contends that the trial court erred when it denied his request to instruct
the jury with CALCRIM No. 34031 on the defense of necessity with respect to the hit and
run charge. The trial court did not err.
       During a discussion of jury instructions, defense counsel requested the trial court
to instruct the jury with CALCRIM No. 3403 on the defense of necessity as to the hit and

1        CALCRIM No. 3403 provides:
         “The defendant is not guilty of <insert crime[s]> if (he/she) acted because of legal
necessity.
         “In order to establish this defense, the defendant must prove that:
         “1.    (He/She) acted in an emergency to prevent a significant bodily harm or evil
to (himself/herself/ [or] someone else);
         “2.    (He/She) had no adequate legal alternative;
         “3.    The defendant‟s acts did not create a greater danger than the one avoided;
         “4.    When the defendant acted, (he/she) actually believed that the act was
necessary to prevent the threatened harm or evil;
         “5.    A reasonable person would also have believed that the act was necessary
under the circumstances;
         “AND
         “6.    The defendant did not substantially contribute to the emergency.
         “The defendant has the burden of proving this defense by a preponderance of the
evidence. This is a different standard of proof than proof beyond a reasonable doubt. To
meet the burden of proof by a preponderance of the evidence, the defendant must prove
that it is more likely than not that each of the six listed items is true.”

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run charge. The trial court denied the request, finding that it was not supported by
substantial evidence. The trial court reasoned that defendant substantially contributed to
the “whole problem” by driving into the garage, a reasonable person would not believe
that the act of driving away was necessary under the circumstances—i.e., defendant
testified that Wager did not injure him when she hit him, and the act of driving away may
have created a greater danger than the danger avoided.
       “„The necessity defense is very limited and depends on the lack of a legal
alternative to committing the crime. It excuses criminal conduct if it is justified by a
need to avoid an imminent peril and there is no time to resort to the legal authorities or
such resort would be futile.‟ [Citation.] „By definition, the necessity defense is founded
upon public policy and provides a justification distinct from the elements required to
prove the crime.‟ [Citation.] „Necessity does not negate any element of the crime, but
represents a public policy decision not to punish such an individual despite proof of the
crime.‟ [Citation.]” (People v. Verlinde (2002) 100 Cal.App.4th 1146, 1164.)
       “To justify an instruction on the defense of necessity, there must be evidence
sufficient to establish that defendant violated the law (1) to prevent a significant evil, (2)
with no adequate alternative, (3) without creating a greater danger than the one avoided,
(4) with a good faith belief in the necessity, (5) with such belief being objectively
reasonable, and (6) under circumstances in which he did not substantially contribute to
the emergency.” (People v. Pepper (1996) 41 Cal.App.4th 1029, 1035.) A trial court
must instruct on the defense of necessity when there is sufficient evidence from which a
reasonable juror could find each element of the defense by a preponderance of the
evidence. (People v. Verlinde, supra, 100 Cal.App.4th at p. 1165; People v. Pepper,
supra, 41 Cal.App.4th at p. 1036; CALCRIM No. 3403.)
       Sufficient evidence did not justify an instruction on the defense of necessity. First,
defendant had an alternative to fleeing the scene. He could have pulled out of the
driveway, parked nearby, and called the police. Instead he drove away and did not call
the police until, at the earliest, some 14 hours later at 3:00 p.m. that day. Second,
defendant substantially contributed to the emergency by parking without permission in

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Wager‟s driveway and driving into Wager‟s garage. Accordingly, the trial court did not
err in denying defendant‟s request to instruct the jury with CALCRIM No. 3403. (People
v. Verlinde, supra, 100 Cal.App.4th at p. 1165; People v. Pepper, supra, 41 Cal.App.4th
at p. 1036.)


III.   Cumulative Error
       Defendant contends that even if the prejudicial effect of either the trial court‟s
error in excluding evidence of Wager‟s physical fight with defendant or the prejudicial
effect of its error in denying his request to instruct the jury with CALCRIM No. 3403 on
the defense of necessity does not merit reversal on its own, the cumulative prejudicial
effect of those errors merits reversal. Because defendant forfeited review of his claim
that the trial court erred in excluding evidence of Wager‟s prior physical conduct with
respect to defendant and the trial court properly denied defendant‟s request to instruct on
the defense of necessity, there is no cumulative prejudicial effect that justifies reversal.


IV.    Wager’s Restitution Award
       Defendant contends that the trial court abused its discretion in awarding Wager
$1,400 in restitution because it did not make a clear statement of how it calculated the
award. Instead, defendant contends, because Wager proved only $930 in property
damage the trial court‟s restitution award should be reduced to $930. We disagree.
       We review a trial court‟s restitution award for an abuse of discretion. (People v.
Giordano (2007) 42 Cal.4th 644, 663.) “Under this standard, while a trial court has
broad discretion to choose a method for calculating the amount of restitution, it must
employ a method that is rationally designed to determine the surviving victim‟s economic
loss. To facilitate appellate review of the trial court‟s restitution order, the trial court
must take care to make a record of the restitution hearing, analyze the evidence presented,
and make a clear statement of the calculation method used and how that method justifies
the amount ordered.” (Id. at pp. 663-664.) “The point is to show the award is the product
of a „reasonable‟ method and produces a „nonarbitrary result.‟” (People v. Pangan

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(2013) 213 Cal.App.4th 574, 579, citing People v. Giordano, supra, 42 Cal.4th at p. 665.)
“No abuse of discretion is shown simply because the order does not reflect the exact
amount of the loss, nor must the order reflect the amount of damages recoverable in a
civil action. [Citation.]” (People v. Akins (2005) 128 Cal.App.4th 1376, 1382.)
       At the sentencing hearing, the prosecutor requested $2,500 in restitution for Wager
for her property that was damaged when defendant drove into her salon. Defendant
requested a contested restitution hearing. Because Wager was present at the sentencing
hearing, the trial court took her testimony as to the value of her damaged property so that
she might avoid having to attend the restitution hearing. Wager testified that all her best
clothes, and her shoes, linens, towels microwave, love seat, salon chair, cabinet, and
dishes were damaged. The trial court asked Wager to place a price on those items.
Wager said that she placed a minimum value on the property of $2,500, but that she was
not then able to put a price on each item.
       On cross-examination, defense counsel asked Wager to identify articles of
clothing that had been damaged. Wager said that her shoes were broken and identified a
pair of Chanel shoes. She said that defendant also damaged 30 to 40 dresses and 10 to 15
blazers. A dress for which she had paid $380 was ripped. Wager estimated that her love
seat was worth $250, her dishes were worth $200, and her microwave was worth $100.
The trial court observed that dresses are expensive and that it was inclined to grant an
award between $2,000 and $2,500. The trial court stated that it would set the final
amount at the restitution hearing, that it would take Wager‟s testimony into account, and
that Wager could provide the prosecutor with “a list” or photographs if she wished.
       At the restitution hearing, the prosecutor informed the trial court that he had
spoken with Wager and that she did not want to attend the restitution hearing and “give
any further lists.” He said that Wager did not want to have further contact with defendant
and asked that any restitution award be donated to the victim restitution fund. The trial
court stated that it would not order any award to be donated to the fund.
       Defense counsel then contended that defendant did not owe any restitution to
Wager. Defense counsel argued that Wager was unemployed, had put “all of her stuff in

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storage,” and did not own “fancy” dresses as she claimed. Defense counsel further
argued that a photograph from the trial showed a rack of clothes that was still standing
after defendant drove his van into the salon thus proving that the van did not hit the
clothes.
       The trial court awarded Wager $1,400 in restitution stating, “I do think she
overestimated the damages to her dresses and so forth, but she also mentioned things like
microwaves and dishes and other items. I mean, he drove a van through this lady‟s
house, which happened to be a garage, but needless to say, he‟s accountable for that. So
to come in and say he shouldn‟t owe anybody restitution after doing that, I‟m kind of
stunned.”
       Wager testified that defendant damaged her clothes, shoes, linens, towels
microwave, love seat, salon chair, cabinet, and dishes. Wager placed a minimum total
value of $2,500 on the damaged property, with a value of $380 for one of her dresses,
$250 for her love seat, $200 for her dishes, and $100 for her microwave. The trial court‟s
award of $1,400 was not an abuse of discretion because it rationally may be calculated as
an award of $930 for damage to the identified dress, love seat, dishes, and microwave and
an award of $470 for the discounted value of Wager‟s remaining damaged property.
(People v. Giordano, supra, 42 Cal.4th at pp. 663-665; People v. Pangan, supra, 213
Cal.App.4th at p. 579; People v. Akins, supra, 128 Cal.App.4th at p. 1382.)




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                                 DISPOSITION
     The judgment is affirmed.
     NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS.



                                            MOSK, J.

We concur:



             ARMSTRONG, Acting P. J.



             KRIEGLER, J.




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