             IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

                                 AT NASHVILLE            FILED
                            SEPTEMBER 1999 SESSION
                                                          October 8, 1999

                                                        Cecil Crowson, Jr.
                                                       Appellate Court Clerk
STATE OF TENNESSEE,                  )
                                     )    C.C.A. NO. 01C01-9812-CC-00485
             Appellee,               )
                                     )    BEDFORD COUNTY
VS.                                  )
                                     )    HON. WILLIAM CHARLES LEE,
JEROME PATRICK LYONS,                )    JUDGE
                                     )
             Appellant.              )    (Probation Revocation)



FOR THE APPELLANT:                       FOR THE APPELLEE:


DONNA HARGROVE                           PAUL G. SUMMERS
District Public Defender                 Attorney General & Reporter

A. JACKSON DEARING, III                  MARK E. DAVIDSON
Assistant Public Defender                Asst. Attorney General
P.O. Box 1119                            Cordell Hull Bldg., 2nd Fl.
Fayetteville, TN 37334                   425 Fifth Ave., North
                                         Nashville, TN 37243-0493
GREGORY D. SMITH
One Public Square, Suite 321             MIKE McCOWN
Clarksville, TN 37040                    District Attorney General
      (On Appeal Only)
                                         WEAKLEY E. BARNARD
                                         Asst. District Attorney General
                                         Marshall County Courthouse
                                         Suite 407
                                         Lewisburg, TN 37091




OPINION FILED:



AFFIRMED


JOHN H. PEAY,
Judge
                                                 OPINION


                  On October 19, 1995, the defendant was convicted by a jury of speeding

and sentenced to a term of twenty days on probation. On direct appeal, this Court

affirmed the defendant’s conviction. On February 23, 1998, the Tennessee Supreme

Court denied the defendant permission to appeal.1 On March 16, 1998, a probation

violation warrant was filed. After an evidentiary hearing, the trial court revoked the

defendant’s probation. The defendant now appeals. After a review of the record and

applicable law, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.



                  The defendant contends that the revocation of his probation was

unwarranted under the facts and circumstances of this case. Specifically, he argues

that he only received twenty days of probation, and as the revocation warrant was not

filed until three years after his sentence was imposed, his sentence had expired

before the revocation warrant was issued. According to the defendant, these facts

render the “whole revocation process . . . moot.” However, this issue was not raised

at the trial court level and is, therefore, waived. See State v. Lunati, 665 S.W.2d 739,

749 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1983). In addition, we hold that when a defendant convicted of

a misdemeanor and sentenced to probation appeals his conviction to the appellate

courts of this state, his sentence is automatically stayed pending the outcome of his

appeal. Cf. McInturff v. State, 338 S.W.2d 561, 563 (Tenn. 1960) (holding that where

a defendant does not secure his release with a confession of judgment, he still has a

right of appeal and, “where the appeal is in the nature of a writ of error, it suspends


         1
           Accord ing to the de fendan t, he subs equen tly petitioned the U nited State s Supre me C ourt.
Howe ver, there is no eviden ce in the re cord tha t the United States S uprem e Cou rt issued a stay with
regard to the defendant’s case pursuant to 28 U.S.C.A. §2101(1994). In his reply brief, the defendant
argues that “any ac tion on this ju dgm ent sho uld have been au toma tically stayed pen ding the d ecision to
grant or deny certiorari by the U.S. Supreme Court. The revocation warrant was filed prematurely.”
How ever , the d efen dan t has failed to cite any au thority t hat w ould s upp ort this argu me nt. As suc h, this
issue is w aived. Ru les of the C ourt of C riminal A ppeals o f Tenn essee 10(b); State v. Killebrew, 760
S.W .2d 228, 231 (Tenn. Crim . App. 1988).

                                                         2
the judgment at law . . . so that no execution could be issued until the appeal were

disposed of.”). In the absence of such a rule, most appeals regarding misdemeanor

convictions would be rendered moot by the time they reached this Court because the

sentence would likely have already expired. As such, when the defendant in the case

at bar appealed his misdemeanor conviction, his probationary sentence was stayed

while his appeal was pending. Since the defendant appealed his sentence to the

Tennessee Supreme Court, his sentence was stayed until that court issued a

mandate with regard to his appeal. On February 23, 1998, the Tennessee Supreme

Court denied the defendant permission to appeal, and a mandate in accordance with

that order was issued on March 6, 1998. As such, the defendant’s twenty day

sentence had not yet expired when the probation revocation warrant was issued on

March 16, 1998.



              The defendant next contends that the trial judge abused his discretion

by failing to recuse himself from the probation revocation proceeding. The defendant

argues that recusal was proper because the trial judge made inappropriate comments

to the jury at the defendant’s original trial, directed the probation office to file a

probation revocation warrant against the defendant, and ordered the defendant to

serve his sentence in jail, without bond, after the defendant’s probation was revoked.



              We first note that a trial judge should recuse himself whenever he has

any doubt as to his ability to preside impartially in a criminal case or whenever his

impartiality can reasonably be questioned. State v. Hines, 919 S.W.2d 573, 578

(Tenn. 1995). The decision of whether to grant a recusal rests within the discretion of

the trial judge and will not be overturned on appeal unless clear abuse of that

discretion appears on the face of the record. State v. Smith, 906 S.W.2d 6, 11 (Tenn.



                                              3
Crim. App. 1995).



                  In the case at bar, the record does not establish that the trial judge was

biased or prejudiced in any way. In reference to the comments deemed

“inappropriate” by the defendant, the trial judge stated on the record that the remarks

he made to the jury were in reference to his disagreement with the law, not the

defendant. The trial judge further stated that he had “no personal animosity against

[the defendant].” We also note that it is within a trial court’s authority to cause a

probation revocation warrant to be issued. See T.C.A. § 40-35-311(a). Based on the

foregoing, we find that the trial judge did not abuse his discretion in refusing to recuse

himself from the defendant’s probation revocation hearing. This issue is without merit.



                  We note that the evidence at the probation revocation hearing

established that the defendant violated the terms of his probation. The trial court,

therefore, had the authority to revoke his probation. See T.C.A. § 40-35-311(d). The

record does not indicate that the trial judge abused his discretion in exercising such

authority.



                  Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the court below. 2




                                                                          JOHN H. PEAY, Judge




         2
           W e note tha t several o ther issue s are rais ed in a pro se app ellate brief filed b y the defen dant.
Howe ver, a pers on m ay not proc eed with c ounse l and pro s e at the sa me tim e. State v. Burkhart, 541
S.W .2d 3 65, 3 71 (T enn . 197 6). T here fore , the p ro se appe llate b rief an d the issue s rais ed th erein will
not be co nsidere d by this Co urt.

                                                          4
CONCUR:




DAVID H. WELLES, Judge




JOHN EVERETT W ILLIAMS, Judge




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