                                                                           FILED
                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION                             OCT 18 2013

                                                                        MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                      U.S. COURT OF APPEALS



                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT


JAMES SAI TY, AKA Shi Chuan Lin,                 No. 09-72530

              Petitioner,                        Agency No. A076-692-542

  v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
ERIC H. HOLDER, Jr., Attorney General,

              Respondent.


                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                            Submitted October 15, 2013**
                              San Francisco, California

Before: THOMAS and McKEOWN, Circuit Judges, and BENNETT, District
Judge.***

       Petitioner James Sai Ty (“Ty”), a native of the Philippines, petitions for

review of the BIA’s decision affirming the IJ’s denial of his applications for


        *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
        **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
        ***
             The Honorable Mark W. Bennett, District Judge for the U.S. District
Court for the Northern District of Iowa, sitting by designation.
asylum and withholding of removal. Because substantial evidence supports the

BIA’s decision that Ty did not establish an objectively reasonable well-founded

fear of persecution, we deny the petition.1 Because the parties are familiar with the

factual and procedural history of the case, we will not recount it here.

       We review the BIA’s determination that a petitioner does not have an

objectively reasonable fear of persecution for substantial evidence. Lolong v.

Gonzales, 484 F.3d 1173, 1178 (9th Cir. 2007). The BIA’s determination must be

upheld unless “the evidence not only supports, but compels the conclusion that the

asylum decision was incorrect.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).

       An applicant may demonstrate an objectively reasonable fear of persecution

through specific evidence of both membership in a disfavored group and that the

applicant, “in particular, is likely to be targeted as a member of that group.” Sael

v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 922, 925 (9th Cir. 2004). Even in the absence of direct,

personal persecution, an applicant may demonstrate an individualized risk through

evidence of acts of violence against family members if the violence “create[s] a




       1
          Because we affirm the denial of Ty’s application for asylum, we also affirm the
denial of his application for withholding of removal. See Pedro-Mateo v. INS, 224 F.3d
1147, 1150 (9th Cir. 2000) (“A failure to satisfy the lower standard of proof required to
establish eligibility for asylum therefore necessarily results in a failure to demonstrate
eligibility for withholding of deportation.”).

                                             2
pattern of persecution closely tied to the applicant.” Mgoian v. INS, 184 F.3d

1029, 1036 (9th Cir. 1999) (internal quotation marks omitted).

      Although Ty’s father was the victim of a kidnapping for ransom, Ty did not

establish a pattern of persecution closely tied to him. Aside from ten to 20 phone

calls from the kidnappers during the four months after the kidnapping, his family

experienced no other harm, including his father who remained in the Philippines

for a year and numerous extended family members who still reside there.

      Additionally, Ty left the Philippines eight years before the kidnapping at age

16, his return would have been five years after the kidnapping, and he presented no

evidence that the kidnappers would target him for the remaining ransom. Thus,

substantial evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that Ty did not show he will be

particularly targeted. Having failed to establish that requirement, the BIA did not

err in not deciding whether Chinese-Filipinos are a disfavored group.

      In addition to establishing an objectively reasonable well-founded fear of

persecution, an applicant must also establish that the source of anticipated

persecution is “the government or forces the government is either unable or

unwilling to control,” Nahrvani v. Gonzales, 399 F.3d 1148, 1154 (9th Cir. 2005)




                                          3
(internal quotation marks omitted), and that the anticipated persecution is on

account of2 a statutory ground enumerated in 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42)(A).

      First, substantial evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that Ty did not

establish that the government of the Philippines is unwilling or unable to control

those responsible for the kidnappings. The State Department reports on the

Philippines from 1999, 2000, and 2002 provide sufficient evidence that the

government of the Philippines has pursued kidnap-for-ransom groups and do not

compel a conclusion that the BIA’s decision was incorrect. Second, substantial

evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that Ty did not establish a nexus between

his fear and a protected ground. Ty does not provide any direct or circumstantial

evidence to show that the kidnappers were motivated by his father’s ethnicity in

addition to financial gain, and the State Department reports establish that

kidnappers targeted Chinese-Filipinos on account of their perceived wealth rather

than their race.

      PETITION DENIED.




      2
         The REAL ID Act of 2005 changed the law to require that the protected ground
be “at least one central reason” for the persecution suffered. INA § 208(b)(1)(B)(i), 8
U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(i). But because Ty filed his application for asylum on March 7,
2000, this case must be evaluated under our pre-REAL ID jurisprudence.

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