               IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF IDAHO

                                        Docket No. 38352

JOHN B. KUGLER,                   )                     2012 Unpublished Opinion No. 326
                                  )
     Plaintiff-Appellant,         )                     Filed: January 19, 2012
                                  )
v.                                )                     Stephen W. Kenyon, Clerk
                                  )
KENNETH W. HEIKES, JAMES M. PAHL, )                     THIS IS AN UNPUBLISHED
ESTATE OF E. L. DERR and SUSAN    )                     OPINION AND SHALL NOT
DERR,                             )                     BE CITED AS AUTHORITY
                                  )
     Defendants-Respondents.      )
                                  )

       Appeal from the District Court of the Sixth Judicial District, State of Idaho,
       Bannock County. Hon. David C. Nye, District Judge. Hon. Rick Carnaroli,
       Magistrate.

       Order of the district court affirming the decision of the magistrate granting
       summary judgment, denying reconsideration of the judgment, and awarding costs
       and attorney fees, affirmed.

       John B. Kugler, Tacoma, Washington, pro se appellant.

       Law Offices of Jones, Chartered; Thomas J. Holmes, Pocatello, for respondents.
                 ________________________________________________
GRATTON, Chief Judge
       John B. Kugler appeals from the district court’s intermediate appellate decision affirming
the magistrate’s grant of summary judgment to the respondents, denial of Kugler’s motion for
reconsideration of the judgment, and the magistrate’s award of costs and attorney fees to the
respondents.
                                                 I.
                     FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
       The original dispute in this case arose out of a disagreement by members of a limited-
liability company as to the distribution of funds received from the sale of the company’s only
asset, a piece of real estate. Kugler filed his original complaint on July 23, 2007. After filing an
answer and counterclaim, Kenneth W. Heikes, James M. Pahl, and the Estate of E.L. Derr and



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Susan Derr (respondents) moved for summary judgment. Kugler opposed the respondents’
motion and filed his own motion for partial summary judgment.              Summary judgment was
granted in favor of the respondents and Kugler’s motion for partial summary judgment was
denied on July 1, 2009.
       Kugler then filed a motion for reconsideration, which was denied by the magistrate on
November 5, 2009. The magistrate entered judgment the same day and awarded the respondents
costs and attorney fees. On the respondents’ motion, the magistrate entered a “Corrected Order
on Motion for Reconsideration and Award of Costs and Attorney Fees,” which corrected three
errors in the original order. 1 Kugler filed an objection to the modification without a hearing on
the same day the corrected order was issued. The magistrate filed an order on December 7,
2009, overruling Kugler’s objection to modify the decision without a hearing.
       Kugler appealed the magistrate’s decision to the district court. The district court held that
Kugler’s appeal was untimely and also refused to consider his appeal regarding costs and fees,
the changes in the corrected order, and the decision to make the changes without a hearing
because Kugler failed to support his assertions with argument or authority in his opening brief.
Kugler appeals the district court’s decision.
                                                 II.
                                          DISCUSSION
       Kugler lists nine issues in his opening brief that can be summarized as follows: (1) the
district court erred when it held that Kugler’s appeal from the magistrate’s decision was
untimely; (2) the magistrate erred in granting summary judgment in favor of the respondents and
denying Kugler’s motion for partial summary judgment; and (3) the district court erred when it
held Kugler had waived his right to appeal the magistrate’s award of attorney fees. 2 On review
of a decision of the district court, rendered in its appellate capacity, we review the decision of the
district court directly. Losser v. Bradstreet, 145 Idaho 670, 672, 183 P.3d 758, 760 (2008). We

1
        The magistrate changed three references from “defendants” to “plaintiff” in the order, but
the judgment did not contain the errors and was not amended.
2
       Kugler also asserts that the magistrate erred by ruling on the respondents’ request for
attorney fees and Kugler’s request for reconsideration without first holding a hearing. The
record shows that on September 30, 2009, a hearing on both the request for reconsideration and
award of attorney fees was held. Therefore, these claims are without merit and will not be
considered.

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examine the magistrate record to determine whether there is substantial and competent evidence to
support the magistrate’s findings of fact and whether the magistrate’s conclusions of law follow from
those findings. Id. If those findings are so supported and the conclusions follow therefrom and if the
district court affirmed the magistrate’s decision, we affirm the district court’s decision as a matter of
procedure. Id.
A.      Time for Appeal
        Kugler contends the district court erred by holding that his appeal of the magistrate’s
judgment was untimely. He argues that the respondents’ motion for correction, which failed to
expressly indicate under what rule it was filed, was filed pursuant to Idaho Rule of Civil
Procedure 59(e), which would restart the time limit for filing an appeal. See I.R.C.P. 83(e). “The
timely filing of a notice of appeal is jurisdictional.” Harrison v. Certain Underwriters at
Lloyd’s, London, 149 Idaho 201, 205, 233 P.3d 132, 136 (2010) (quoting In re Universe Life Ins.
Co., 144 Idaho 751, 755, 171 P.3d 242, 246 (2007)). Jurisdictional questions are fundamental
issues that this Court must address regardless of whether the parties themselves have raised
them. State v. Hartwig, 150 Idaho 326, 328, 246 P.3d 979, 981 (2011). “This Court’s ability to
sua sponte review jurisdiction extends to an examination of the district court’s jurisdiction.” Id.
“Absent a statute or rule extending its jurisdiction, the trial court’s jurisdiction to amend or set
aside a judgment expires once the judgment becomes final, either by expiration of the time for
appeal or affirmance of the judgment on appeal.” State v. Jakoski, 139 Idaho 352, 355, 79 P.3d
711, 714 (2003).
        Idaho Rule of Civil Procedure 83(e) provides, in relevant part:
        [A]n appeal to a district court from the magistrate’s divisions must be filed with
        the appropriate district court within 42 days after entry of the judgment or order.
        Provided, however, that in the magistrate’s division the running of the time for
        appeal from a final judgment is suspended by (1) a timely motion for a judgment
        notwithstanding the verdict following a timely motion for a directed verdict, (2) a
        timely motion to amend or make additional findings of fact or conclusions of law,
        whether or not alteration of the judgment is required if the motion is granted, (3) a
        timely motion to alter or amend the judgment (except motions under Rule 60 or
        motions regarding costs or attorney fees) or (4) a timely motion for new trial; and
        the full time for appeal from such a final judgment commences to run and is to be
        computed from the date of the clerk’s filing stamp on any order granting or
        denying any of the above motions. . . .

Kugler argues that the respondents’ motion to correct, filed on November 13, 2009, was a
“motion to alter or amend the judgment” under I.R.C.P. 59(e); and as such, the motion extended


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the time to appeal the judgment entered on November 5, 2009. Kugler argues the full time for
appeal ran anew from the entry of the magistrate’s December 7, 2009, order overruling his
objection to the correction without hearing. Therefore, Kugler argues his notice of appeal, filed
January 5, 2009, was timely.
       It is apparent that the respondents sought to correct clerical errors in the magistrate’s
order and, therefore, the motion was properly characterized as one for correction pursuant to
I.R.C.P. 60(a), and not a motion to alter or amend judgment under I.R.C.P. 59(e). Idaho Rule of
Civil Procedure 60(a) provides that “[c]lerical mistakes in judgments, orders or other parts of the
record and errors therein arising from oversight or omission may be corrected by the court at any
time of its own initiative or on the motion of any party and after such notice, if any, as the court
orders.”   Clerical mistakes are “those errors in which the type of mistake or omission is
mechanical in nature which is apparent in the record and does not involve a legal decision or
judgment by an attorney.” Silsby v. Kepner, 140 Idaho 410, 411, 95 P.3d 28, 29 (2004) (internal
quotations and parentheses omitted). Here, the only changes in the magistrate’s corrected order
were made by replacing the word “defendants” with “plaintiff” in three places. No modification
was made to the judgment. It is readily apparent from the order, and the record as a whole, that
the magistrate meant to refer to the plaintiff in those three instances. A motion to alter or amend
the judgment under I.R.C.P. 59(e) is reserved for “errors of a more substantial nature.” Dursteler
v. Dursteler, 112 Idaho 594, 597, 733 P.2d 815, 818 (Ct. App. 1987). By contrast, “[I.R.C.P.]
60(a) can only be used to make the judgment or record speak the truth and cannot be used to
make it say something other than what originally was pronounced.” Silsby, 140 Idaho at 411, 95
P.3d at 29. The district court properly determined that changing “defendants” to “plaintiff” in
three instances was a correction of a clerical error done pursuant to I.R.C.P. 60(a).
       The magistrate properly corrected the clerical mistakes in his original order pursuant to
I.R.C.P. 60(a). Motions under I.R.C.P. 60(a) and motions regarding costs or attorney fees are
expressly excepted from the classes of motions that would renew the full time for appeal. See
I.R.C.P. 83(e). Therefore, the motions filed by the parties after the entry of judgment on
November 5, 2009, did not affect the forty-two-day time limit for filing an appeal. As a result,
the last day for filing an appeal from the judgment in Kugler’s case was December 17, 2009. See
I.R.C.P. 83(e); Idaho Appellate Rule 14. Kugler did not file his appeal until January 5, 2010, and
thus failed to timely appeal the magistrate’s decision. Therefore, to the extent Kugler asserts


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errors arising out of the magistrate’s decisions regarding summary judgment and the subsequent
entry of judgment in the case, the district court correctly determined that it lacked jurisdiction to
hear Kugler’s claims on appeal. Moreover, like the district court, we must decline to hear
Kugler’s claims regarding the magistrate’s decision.
B.     Magistrate’s Award of Attorney Fees
       Kugler next contends that the district court erred when it determined that it could not
consider the issue of attorney fees. The district court declined to consider the magistrate’s award
of attorney fees because Kugler’s briefs only mentioned the award; he failed to include any
argument or authority on the issue. If an issue is only mentioned in passing and not supported by
any cogent argument or authority, it cannot be considered on appeal. Dawson v. Cheyovich
Family Trust, 149 Idaho 375, 382-383, 234 P.3d 699, 706-707 (2010) (citing Inama v. Boise
County ex rel. Bd. of Comm’rs, 138 Idaho 324, 330, 63 P.3d 450, 456 (2003)). Thus, the district
court properly declined to consider Kugler’s claims. We too will not consider this claim and
note, moreover, that Kugler failed here, as he did in the district court, to support the claim.
C.     Attorney Fees on Appeal
       The respondents also request attorney fees on appeal pursuant to I.C. § 12-121. An
award of attorney fees may be granted under I.C. § 12-121 and I.A.R. 41 to the prevailing party
and such an award is appropriate when the court is left with the abiding belief that the appeal has
been brought or defended frivolously, unreasonably, or without foundation. Rendon v. Paskett,
126 Idaho 944, 945, 894 P.2d 775, 776 (Ct. App. 1995). In this case, the respondents are the
prevailing parties, and we conclude that Kugler’s appeal has been brought frivolously,
unreasonably, and without foundation.
                                                 III.
                                          CONCLUSION
       Kugler has failed to show that the district court erred by holding it lacked jurisdiction to
hear Kugler’s claims on appeal. Furthermore, Kugler has failed to show the magistrate abused
his discretion in awarding attorney fees to the respondents.         Therefore, the district court’s
decision is affirmed. Costs and attorney fees on appeal are awarded to the respondents.
       Judge GUTIERREZ and Judge MELANSON CONCUR.




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