                                                                                                                           Opinions of the United
2006 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


5-25-2006

USA v. Baek
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 05-3323




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                                                               NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT


                                      No. 05-3323


                          UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
                                            Appellant

                                           v.

                                  HYUNG PIL BAEK


             APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
               FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
                              D.C. Crim. 03-cr-00233
                 District Judge: The Honorable Timothy J. Savage


                      Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                    May 9, 2006


               Before: BARRY, SMITH and ALDISERT, Circuit Judges


                             (Opinion Filed: May 25, 2006)


                                       OPINION




BARRY, Circuit Judge

      Hyung Pil Baek was sentenced to 24 months’ imprisonment by the United States

District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The government appeals. For the
reasons explained below, we will vacate the sentence and remand for resentencing.

                                             I.

       Baek was charged with one count of conspiracy to unlawfully alter, remove, or

tamper with vehicle identification numbers (“VINs”), in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 371, and

fourteen counts of possession with intent to sell or otherwise dispose of motor vehicle

parts with altered, removed, tampered with, or obliterated VINs, in violation of 18 U.S.C.

§ 2321(a). In January 2004, Baek entered a plea of guilty. At his change of plea hearing,

Baek admitted to being a “large scale seller of stolen automobile parts” beginning in the

mid-1980s. (App. at 57, 60.)

       A presentence investigation report (“PSR”) was prepared. The PSR determined

Baek’s total offense level to be 27 which, together with a criminal history category of I,

resulted in a Guidelines range of 70 to 87 months’ imprisonment. At his May 5, 2005

sentencing hearing, Baek objected to the total offense level of 27, which was based on a

loss calculation of between $1 million and $2.5 million. See U.S. Sentencing Guidelines

Manual § 2B1.1(b) (2004). Baek argued that the loss should be set at $50,000, which

would result in a total offense level of 17 and a Guidelines range of 24 to 30 months.1

The District Court was not persuaded, and found that the government “presented


   1
    The government calculated the loss by identifying every stolen automobile part in
Baek’s possession, identifying the type of car from which the part was taken, and then
adding the entire blue-book value of that make and model of car. Baek objected to this
method of calculation, preferring to only include the value of parts that were stolen. He
could not, however, provide a basis for setting that figure at $50,000.

                                             2
sufficient evidence to fix the loss at $1.2 million.” (App. at 109.)

       The District Court then heard testimony from two of Baek’s friends and his wife,

as well as from Baek himself, listened to the parties’ arguments, and proceeded to discuss

sentencing. The Court listed the sentencing factors set forth in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a), and

noted its obligation to consider them when determining the appropriate sentence. It

addressed the issue of a possible sentence disparity with respect to Baek’s co-defendant,

John Butler, who received a sentence of 18 months’ imprisonment. The Court noted that

Butler was “less culpable and conceivably could have been, if not a victim, a vulnerable

individual who was taken advantage of by [Baek.]” (App. at 144.) Along the same lines,

the Court explained that it “considered also that [Baek] was an organizer of the operation

. . . who enlisted voluntary accomplices, the young, the afflicted, the down and out.”

(App. at 145.)

       The Court also commented on the duration and scale of Baek’s criminal conduct,

and noted in particular that Baek had continued to engage in criminal activity even “after

three search warrants were executed at [his] property, [and it was] obvious that he was the

subject of a criminal investigation.” (App. at 144.) It characterized Baek as “one of the

larger sellers of stolen vehicle parts in the Philadelphia area,” and stated that someone

who deals in stolen car parts “could be considered one who encourages the original theft.”

(App. at 145.)

       Finally, the Court “note[d] that [Baek] is a family man who loves and cares for his


                                              3
wife and children,” but also commented that “Baek had two sides, one of which was a

man deeply committed to his church and to his community and particularly his family and

friends, and on the other side, he engaged in activity which he knew, without a doubt, was

wrong and criminal.” (App. at 146.)

       The Court then imposed a sentence of 24 months’ imprisonment—46 months less

than the bottom of the 70 to 87 month Guidelines range. The government appeals the

sentence, arguing that it is unreasonably low.2 We note that the government has

withdrawn two other issues it initially raised on this appeal.

                                              II.

       There are two aspects to our evaluation of the reasonableness of a sentence. First,

“we must . . . be satisfied the court exercised its discretion by considering the relevant [§

3553] factors.” United States v. Cooper, 437 F.3d 324, 329 (3d Cir. 2006), amended by

United States v. Cooper, No. 05-1447, 2006 U.S. App. LEXIS 8075 (3d Cir. April 4,

2006). Although the court need not make explicit findings as to each of the factors, the

record must clearly show that “the court took the factors into account in sentencing.” Id.

Second, “we must also ascertain whether those factors were reasonably applied to the




   2
    We have jurisdiction to review Baek’s sentence for reasonableness under 18 U.S.C. §
3742(a)(1). United States v. Cooper, 437 F.3d 324, 327 (3d Cir. 2006), amended by
United States v. Cooper, No. 05-1447, 2006 U.S. App. LEXIS 8075 (3d Cir. April 4,
2006).

                                              4
circumstances of the case.” 3 Id. at 330.

       While the District Court adequately considered the § 3553 factors, we simply

cannot ascertain whether those factors were reasonably applied to the facts and

circumstances of this case, for the Court utterly failed to explain why the dramatic

departure it granted from the applicable Guidelines range was warranted. Cf. Cooper,

437 F.3d at 331 (noting that a sentence outside the Guidelines range is more likely to be

unreasonable). Indeed, the Court’s comments indicated that a sentence within—perhaps

even towards the top of—the Guidelines range would have been appropriate.

Accordingly, although we do not hold that the 24-month sentence imposed in this case is

necessarily unreasonable, we will vacate the sentence and remand for resentencing to

allow the District Court an opportunity to provide its reasons for believing that a sentence

so significantly below the Guidelines range is appropriate in this case.




   3
     “In doing so, we apply a deferential standard, the trial court being in the best position
to determine the appropriate sentence in light of the particular circumstances of the case.”
Id. at 330.

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