Filed 5/17/13 P. v. Williams CA4/1
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                    COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                  DIVISION ONE

                                           STATE OF CALIFORNIA



THE PEOPLE,                                                         D061741

         Plaintiff and Respondent,

         v.                                                         (Super. Ct. No. SCD237956)

LYMOND WILLIAMS,

         Defendant and Appellant.


         APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Richard S.

Whitney, Judge. Affirmed.


         Leonard J. Klaif, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and

Appellant.

         Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant Attorney

General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, A. Natasha Cortina and Christine

Levingston Bergman, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
       A jury found Lymond Williams guilty of selling cocaine base and possessing

cocaine base for sale. (Health & Saf. Code, §§ 11352, subd. (a), 11351.5.) Williams

later admitted the truth of allegations regarding a prior drug conviction (Health & Saf.

Code, § 11370.2, subd. (a)), one prior strike (Pen. Code, § 667, subds. (b)-(i)), and that he

had served six prior prison terms (Pen. Code, § 667.5, subd (b)). After dismissing the

admitted strike in the furtherance of justice, the court imposed a 12-year sentence.

       Williams's appellate contentions concern the disruptive conduct of his

codefendant, Ricky Brooks, during trial. Williams contends the court erred by denying

his mistrial motions and refusing to instruct the jury that it could not consider Brooks's

disruptive conduct in evaluating Williams's guilt. We determine there was no prejudicial

error and affirm the judgment.

                      FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL SUMMARY

       In December 2011, San Diego Police Detective Radford Pajita was working as an

undercover officer in the East Village area of downtown San Diego. Detective Pajita was

approached by Brooks, who was wearing a Santa Claus hat and pushing a shopping cart.

Detective Pajita indicated he was looking for $20 worth of narcotics. Brooks said he

knew where he could obtain the drugs, and Detective Pajita told Brooks he would give

him $5 for facilitating the deal.

       After Brooks and Detective Pajita walked for a few blocks, Williams approached

them. Brooks told Williams they were looking for "a twenty." Williams said, " 'Come

over here. I got you, man.' " Detective Pajita saw Williams walk towards a vehicle and

pull a plastic bag out of his pants. Detective Pajita then saw Williams take a small bindle

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out of the plastic bag, place the bindle in his mouth, and then return the plastic bag to his

waistline area.

       Detective Pajita then gave Brooks two prerecorded $10 bills. Brooks handed the

money to Williams, and Williams pulled the bindle out of his mouth and gave it to

Brooks.

       After Brooks and Detective Pajita walked away, Detective Pajita gave Brooks a

prerecorded $5 bill and Brooks gave Detective Pajita the bindle containing cocaine base.

Detective Pajita gave a predetermined bust signal to other police officers, and described

both suspects. Police officers received the description and began following Williams.

They detained and arrested Williams after they saw him drop a bag containing 13

individually wrapped rocks of cocaine base. Officers found the two prerecorded $10 bills

in Williams's pants pocket.

       A joint trial was held for Williams and Brooks.

       Brooks testified at trial, denying that he took any part in facilitating Detective

Pajita's drug purchase. Brooks said he did not know Williams and had never seen him

before they were both arrested for the drug sale. Although the prerecorded $5 was found

in his pocket, Brooks said he had found the bill on the ground.

       Williams did not testify. His counsel argued the prosecution had not proved its

case against Williams. Williams's counsel asserted that the police officers were biased

and challenged the officers' ability to identify Williams and accurately observe his

conduct during and after the drug transaction.



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       As detailed below, the court denied Williams's motions for mistrial based on

Brooks's disruptive behavior during trial.

       The jury found both defendants guilty as charged.

                                      DISCUSSION

                                    I. Mistrial Motions

       Williams contends the trial court erred by denying his mistrial motions based on

disruptive conduct by his codefendant Brooks.

                           A. Relevant Trial Court Proceedings

       On the second day of trial, the trial court admonished Brooks outside the presence

of the jury regarding his disruptive behavior during trial. The court indicated this

conduct consisted primarily of making spontaneous comments in front of the jury. The

court told Brooks his conduct would not be tolerated and it was prejudicing his case. The

court said that if Brooks continued the conduct he would be subject to "severe

consequences," including being held in contempt or facing additional criminal charges.

       Williams's trial counsel said she agreed with the court's comments, and requested a

mistrial and an order severing the cases. She said that Brooks had made "continual

outbursts during the course of the trial," and this conduct was "reflecting poorly on the

defense . . . team as a whole." During this discussion, Brooks continued to speak directly

to the court without first discussing these comments with his counsel.

       After the lunch recess, the trial court held a hearing on Brooks's Marsden motion.

During the hearing, the court again spoke at length with Brooks about the need to control



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himself during trial. At the end of the hearing, the court denied Brooks's Marsden

motion.

       When the court was back in session and before bringing in the jury, the court

indicated it would deny Williams's mistrial motion because Williams's rights were not

prejudiced in a manner that would warrant a new trial. Williams's counsel disagreed with

the ruling, noting that Williams and Brooks were charged with being involved in the

same drug transaction and they were sitting near each other during trial. She stated that

under those circumstances, "Mr. Brooks' . . . repeated outbursts, and being repeatedly

admonished by his attorney on the record in front of the jury reflects poorly not only on

him, but I think it reflects poorly on my client as well. [I] think at this point impeding my

client's ability and his right to a fair trial in front of this jury."

       The prosecutor responded that Brooks's improper behavior consisted primarily of

"[g]rumbling under this breath, rolling his eyes, looking up [at] the ceiling, and doing

other gestures with his body," and argued that this conduct did not rise to the level of

misconduct that would substantially prejudice Williams's rights. The court agreed and

adhered to its ruling, but again strongly admonished Brooks to refrain from acting in a

disruptive and disrespectful manner.

       The next day, while testifying, Brooks became highly agitated when the

prosecutor asserted numerous objections. Brooks indicated he wanted to tell his story

and was frustrated that he was unable to do so. When the prosecutor would make

objections, Brooks would look annoyed, roll his eyes, sigh loudly, and push himself away

from the microphone.

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       After several minutes of this conduct, the court took a break to admonish Brooks,

telling him that "[a]ll you're doing is prejudicing your case and prejudicing Mr. Williams'

case." The court stated that Brooks was acting disrespectfully to the court, the jury, his

codefendant, counsel and staff.

       At that point, Williams's counsel renewed her "motion for mistrial and severance."

She argued that Brooks's conduct was "interrupting and impeding and affecting Mr.

Williams' ability to have a fair and impartial jury hear his case and render a fair and

impartial verdict on his behalf that is not being tainted by the codefendant." The court

responded: "I'm going to deny the motion for mistrial, but if it comes up again, I'm going

to grant it. I'm not going to tolerate any more outbursts, and any more problems or

misconduct out of [Brooks]."

       During the remainder of the trial, including during Brooks's lengthy cross-

examination, there is no indication that Brooks continued his disruptive behavior.

       Williams's counsel later proposed the following jury instruction: "During the

course of the trial, you may have heard and/or observed Mr. Brooks making comments or

gestures. You may not consider Mr. Brooks' conduct in determining [Williams's] guilt in

this case." Brooks's counsel objected, suggesting that a juror could conclude from the

instruction that it was permissible to infer Brooks's guilt from his disruptive conduct.

The trial court agreed, and declined to give the instruction. The court said the instruction

"isolat[es] one [defendant] against the other," and noted the jury would be given the

standard instruction that it should generally consider only facts presented as evidence.



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       The court later instructed the jury pursuant to the standard instructions, including:

"You must decide what the facts are in this case. You must use only the evidence that

was presented in this courtroom. Evidence is the sworn testimony of witnesses, the

exhibits admitted into evidence, and anything else I told you to consider as evidence

. . . ." (See CALCRIM No. 222.) The jury was also instructed that "[y]ou must disregard

anything you saw or heard when the court was not in session, even if it was done or said

by one of the parties or witnesses."

                     B. Court Did Not Err in Denying Mistrial Motions

       "A trial court should grant a motion for mistrial 'only when " 'a party's chances of

receiving a fair trial have been irreparably damaged' " ' [citation], that is, if it is 'apprised

of prejudice that it judges incurable by admonition or instruction' [citation]. 'Whether a

particular incident is incurably prejudicial is by its nature a speculative matter, and the

trial court is vested with considerable discretion in ruling on mistrial motions.'

[Citation.] Accordingly, we review a trial court's ruling on a motion for mistrial for

abuse of discretion." (People v. Avila (2006) 38 Cal.4th 491, 573; accord, People v.

Dement (2011) 53 Cal.4th 1, 39-40.)

       The court did not abuse its discretion in denying Williams's mistrial motions.

There is no showing Brooks's conduct prevented Williams from having a fair trial.

Brooks's disruptive behavior did not concern the issues involved in the charges (the sale

and the possession issues), and thus was not relevant to the jury's consideration of the

evidence as to whether the prosecutor proved its case against Williams. Brooks's

misconduct involved only his own inability to control himself and to follow court rules.

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At most, the jury would favorably compare Williams with Brooks regarding the ability to

act appropriately during the trial.

       In challenging the court's denial of his mistrial motions, Williams relies primarily

on the court's various references to the potential "prejudice" to Williams's case from

Brooks's conduct. However, the court never stated or suggested it found that Williams's

case was in fact prejudiced. Instead, viewed in context, the court was attempting to

provide strong admonishment to Brooks that his behavior was unacceptable because it

was creating difficulties for everyone in the courtroom, including the trial judge, the

jurors, the prosecutor, both defense counsel, and codefendant Williams. Considered in

their entirety, the court's comments do not suggest the court found prejudice to Williams's

case in the sense that he was being denied a fair trial. The court's statements make clear

that it understood the necessary legal grounds for declaring a mistrial, and it found the

circumstances did not satisfy these grounds. The court's decision was amply supported.

                               II. Claimed Instructional Error

       Williams alternatively contends the court erred in refusing to instruct the jury that

it could not consider Brooks's disruptive conduct in determining Williams's guilt.

       " ' "[A] defendant has a right to an instruction that pinpoints the theory of the

defense. . . ." ' [Citation.] The court, however, 'may properly refuse an instruction

offered by the defendant if it incorrectly states the law, is argumentative, duplicative, or

potentially confusing [citation], or if it is not supported by substantial evidence [citation].'

[Citation.]" (People v. Bivert (2011) 52 Cal.4th 96, 120.)



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         Williams's proposed instruction was argumentative because it allowed the jury to

draw inferences favorable to Williams while isolating Brooks. As stated by the trial

court, the instruction would tell the jury not to hold Brooks's conduct against Williams

while permitting the jury to use the conduct against Brooks. It improperly isolated one

defendant against the other.

         Moreover, the court's refusal to give the instruction was not prejudicial. The

evidence overwhelmingly pointed to Williams as the seller. Detective Pajita testified that

he directly observed Williams giving the bindle to Brooks. Another police officer

testified he saw Williams drop the other bindles shortly after the drug transaction. The

undisputed evidence also showed the prerecorded money was found on Williams's

person. On this evidentiary record, it is not reasonably probable that an instruction telling

the jury to disregard Brooks's in-court behavior would have changed the outcome of the

trial.

         Additionally, there is no reasonable likelihood the jury would have penalized

Williams based on his codefendant's conduct at trial. Because the disruptive conduct did

not concern the charges against Williams, the evidence was irrelevant to the case. The

jury was instructed that the prosecution must prove the charges beyond a reasonable

doubt, and the jury must consider only the evidence presented by sworn testimony in

deciding the charges and disregard anything they saw or heard when the court was not in

session, even if committed by one of the parties.

         Further, during closing arguments Williams's counsel reminded the jury that it

could not consider Brooks's conduct in deciding whether the prosecutor proved its case

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against Williams, stating: "[O]bviously this is a codefendant case. We have [Williams]

and Mr. Brooks. I want you to also be able to keep in your mind these are different

people, and they're being charged with different crimes. [The prosecutor] has to prove up

all of the elements separately for both these two people. And, also, I think [Brooks's trial

counsel] characterized Mr. Brooks as animated conduct at some point. And, also, don't

let that affect your decision on [Williams], okay?"

       Williams's counsel was referring to the portion of Brooks's counsel's argument

wherein she noted that Brooks became frustrated and angry when the prosecutor made

numerous objections during his testimony because it prevented him from telling his side

of the story. Brooks's counsel said, "I'm thinking, I would have come undone a lot sooner

than that. He's trying his best to explain what happened. And every time he said

because, it was an objection. Well, that's a block as you're trying to express yourself."

Counsel also said that there was required decorum in court, but sometimes frustrations

"get the better of us."

       Based on our review of the entire record, we are satisfied Williams had a fair trial,

and an instruction concerning Brooks's in-court conduct would not have changed the

outcome of the trial.




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                          DISPOSITION

     Judgment affirmed.




                                        HALLER, J.
WE CONCUR:



MCCONNELL, P. J.



HUFFMAN, J.




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