      [Cite as In re Y.D., 2017-Ohio-9254.]
              IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
          FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
               HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO


IN RE: Y.D., Y.D., and Y.D.                   :   APPEAL NO. C-170525
                                                  TRIAL NO. F-13-1547z
                                              :
                                                    O P I N I O N.
                                              :




Appeal From: Hamilton County Juvenile Court

Judgment Appealed From Is: Reversed and Cause Remanded

Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: December 27, 2017


Christopher P. Kapsal for Appellant Mother,

Raymond T. Faller, Hamilton County Public Defender, and Marjorie Davis,
Assistant Public Defender, Guardian ad Litem for Y.D., Y.D., and Y.D.
                    OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS



M ILLER , Judge.

       {¶1}   Mother appeals the trial court’s judgment terminating her parental

rights, and granting the Hamilton County Department of Job and Family Services

(“HCJFS”) permanent custody of Y.D. (“Ya.D.”), Y.D. (“Yr.D.”) and Y.D. (“Ye.D.”).

We agree with Mother that the issue of permanent custody was not properly before

the trial court. We reverse and remand for further proceedings.

                           Procedural Posture and Facts

       {¶2}   HCJFS’s involvement with these children began in 2013. Following

allegations that the children’s extended family members were physically and sexually

abusive, the children were adjudicated dependent and placed in HCJFS’s temporary

custody. The children were eventually returned to Mother, with protective orders

prohibiting her from allowing the children’s grandmother or uncle to have contact

with them. There was evidence that grandfather had been sexually abusive to family

members, but Mother represented to the court that grandfather did not live in town

and so the protective orders did not extend to him.

       {¶3}   On April 22, 2015, after HCJFS learned that Mother was allowing her

abusive family members to have access to her children, HCJFS filed a new complaint

alleging that the children were abused and dependent. HCJFS requested that the

court (1) grant temporary custody of the children to HCJFS, (2) award legal custody

to a suitable relative, or (3) impose protective supervision orders. HCJFS later

amended the complaint to add allegations that grandfather had slept in bed with

Ya.D. and had touched her inappropriately.

       {¶4}   Following a hearing, the magistrate adjudicated Ya.D. neglected and

dependent, and adjudicated Yr.D. and Ye.D. dependent, finding that the children had

almost daily contact with their abusive grandparents in the children’s home. The



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magistrate placed Ya.D. in the temporary custody of HCJFS. He returned Yr.D. and

Ye.D. to their mother with protective orders prohibiting contact with the

grandparents.

       {¶5}     The trial court rejected the magistrate’s decision remanding custody of

Yr.D. and Ye.D. to their mother. In its decision, the court detailed the rampant

sexual and physical abuse attributed to the children’s grandparents and uncle that

had taken place in the children’s home. The abuse had continued even after the

court’s protective orders prohibiting Mother from allowing the children to have

contact with these family members. The trial court remanded the cause to the

magistrate to take additional evidence, and (1) to issue a dispositional order or (2) “if

the magistrate is satisfied now, based on evidence that the children will be safe in

mother’s care, the Magistrate may again order them returned to Mother.” The court

indicated that temporary custody might be the most appropriate choice, and that it

might consider awarding permanent custody to HCJFS if requested.

       {¶6}     The magistrate conducted a dispositional hearing in accordance with

the trial court’s mandate. That same day, the children’s guardian ad litem (“GAL”)

filed a motion to modify temporary custody to permanent custody for all three

children.1 The parties were aware that the hearing was not on the permanent custody

motion, and was only on the scope of the remand, which related to the April 22, 2015

complaint. Further, the parties had not been properly served with the permanent

custody motion.

       {¶7}     Mother and Mother’s Catholic Charities counselor testified at the

remanded dispositional hearing. Based on their testimony, the magistrate


1 It is questionable whether the GAL had the authority to file for permanent custody. See R.C.
2151.413 (providing that a public children services agency or private child placing agency may
move for permanent custody). Further, only Ya.D. was in the temporary custody of HCJFS.


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determined that Mother would be able to keep her children safe. He therefore

returned all three children to Mother’s custody, and dismissed the GAL’s motion to

modify temporary custody to permanent custody.

       {¶8}   The GAL objected to the magistrate’s decision arguing that the

decision to return the three children to their Mother was against the manifest weight

of the evidence and was not in the children’s best interest.

       {¶9}   The trial court conducted a hearing on the objection, but took no

further evidence. It found that all three children were at risk of sexual and physical

abuse by members of Mother’s extended family. The court also found that Mother

had proven she was unable or unwilling to protect her children from these abusers,

and that it was not in the children’s best interest to be returned to Mother. The court

awarded permanent custody of Ya.D., Yr.D. and Ye.D. to HCJFS.

                   Mother’s Due-Process Rights Were Violated

       {¶10} In her first assignment of error, Mother contends that the trial court

erred by awarding permanent custody of her children to HCJFS without affording

her notice and an opportunity to be heard. Mother is correct.

       {¶11} A parent’s right to raise his or her child is an essential and basic civil

right. In re Murray, 52 Ohio St.3d 155, 157, 556 N.E.2d 1169 (1990). Permanent

termination of parental rights has been described as “ ‘the family law equivalent of

the death penalty in a criminal case.’ ” In re B.C., 141 Ohio St.3d 55, 2014-Ohio-4558,

21 N.E.3d 308, ¶ 19, quoting In re Smith, 77 Ohio App.3d 1, 16, 601 N.E.2d 45 (6th

Dist.1991). Therefore, parents must be afforded every procedural and substantive

protection the law allows. (Internal quotation and citation omitted.) Id.; see R.C.

2151.01(B) (R.C. Chapter 2151 should be construed to afford the parties a fair

hearing, and to recognize and enforce their constitutional and other legal rights). To



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this end, before the termination of parental rights, natural parents must be afforded

notice and an opportunity to be heard. In re Greer 70 Ohio St.3d 293, 298, 638

N.E.2d 999 (1994), citing Lehr v. Robertson, 463 U.S. 248, 103 S.Ct. 2985, 77

L.Ed.2d 614 (1983); see R.C. 2151.414(A)(1) (a trial court must give notice and

conduct a hearing before permanently divesting a parent of his or her parental

rights).

       {¶12} Mother was not afforded these basic protections. The trial court had

before it only the GAL’s objections to the magistrate’s dispositional order from

HCJFS’s April 22, 2015 complaint. The April 22, 2015 complaint did not request

permanent custody. See R.C. 2151.353(C) (“no order for permanent custody * * *

shall be made unless the complaint alleging the abuse, neglect, or dependency

contains a prayer requesting permanent custody.”); In re A.B. 110 Ohio St.3d 230,

2006-Ohio-4359 852 N.E.2d 1187, syllabus (juvenile court cannot order disposition

that has not been requested where request is required by statute).

       {¶13} Because Mother’s due-process rights were violated, we sustain

Mother’s first assignment of error. The trial court was without authority to award

permanent custody of Ya.D., Yr.D. and Ye.D. to HCJFS, and we therefore reverse the

trial court’s judgment and remand for further proceedings consistent with this

opinion.

       {¶14} In her second assignment of error, Mother contends that the trial

court’s judgment terminating her parental rights was against the weight and the

sufficiency of the evidence. Resolution of Mother’s first assignment of error renders

this one moot, and we decline to address it. See App.R. 12(A)(1)(c).




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                                         Conclusion

       {¶15} In sum, we reverse the trial court’s judgment terminating Mother’s

parental rights and placing the children in the permanent custody of HCJFS, and we

remand this cause for further proceedings consistent with the law and this opinion.

                                                                  Judgment accordingly.



C UNNINGHAM , P.J., and D ETERS , J., concur.

Please note:
       The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.




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