Filed 12/17/14 Nanda v. Hack CA1/1
                      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
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              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                       FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                  DIVISION ONE


ASHWIN NANDA,
          Plaintiff and Appellant,
                                                                     A140647
v.
MICHAEL HACK et al,                                                  (San Francisco County
                                                                     Super. Ct. No. CGC-12-527591)
          Defendants and Respondents.


          Plaintiff Ashwin Nanda, D.D.S., appeals a judgment of dismissal entered after the
trial court sustained a demurrer filed by Michael Hack, D.M.D., and the other defendants.
He contends the trial court erred in sustaining the demurrer on the basis that the parties’
dispute was conclusively resolved in a binding arbitration proceeding. We disagree and
affirm.
                                                    BACKGROUND
          Dr. Nanda is a dental surgeon who subleased property in San Francisco from
defendants for his dental practice. In his complaint, he alleged defendants breached
subleasing contracts, and he sought injunctive relief and damages totaling $3.59 million.
The subleasing contracts included a sublease agreement dated March 5, 2005 (Sublease),
and an addendum to the Sublease dated November 2007 (Addendum), which the parties
entered after “a dispute [arose] between Sublessor and Sublessee as to the relative rights
and obligations of the Sublessee under the Sublease.” The verified complaint alleged that
“[o]n February 29, 2012[,] Dr. Nanda served Dr. Hack with an arbitration demand . . .
assert[ing] his rights to arbitration and recovery of liquidated damages at the rate of


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$2,000 per day from the period December 1, 2005 to October 31, 2010. [¶] . . . [¶] . . .
On July 24, 2012, the various issues and disputes of the parties were arbitrated in front of
Arbitrator Shelley A. Gordon. The arbitration was unsuccessful and resulted in an
erroneous, rushed (?); denial to exchange no rebuttal; decision in favor of Dr. Hack.”
        Defendants filed a demurrer to the complaint asserting that Dr. Nanda’s action was
barred by the previous arbitration. They further argued that Dr. Nanda should not be
given leave to amend the complaint because he acknowledged that arbitration had
occurred and was resolved against him. The next month, defendants followed up by
filing a motion for sanctions against Dr. Nanda under Code of Civil Procedure,
section 128.71 on the ground that the complaint was frivolous.
        After a hearing, the trial court sustained the demurrer without leave to amend2 and
granted defendants’ motion for sanctions in the form of attorney fees and costs in the sum
of $4,900.3 A judgment in defendants’ favor was subsequently entered.
                                         DISCUSSION
        We apply “two separate standards of review on appeal from a judgment of
dismissal after a demurrer is sustained without leave to amend. [Citation.] We first
review the complaint de novo to determine whether the complaint alleges facts sufficient
to state a cause of action under any legal theory or to determine whether the trial court
erroneously sustained the demurrer as a matter of law. [Citation.]” (Aguilera v. Heiman
(2009) 174 Cal.App.4th 590, 595.) In reviewing the complaint, we may consider any
exhibits attached to the complaint as well as any matters that must or may be judicially
noticed. (See Hoffman v. Smithwoods RV Park, LLC (2009) 179 Cal.App.4th 390, 400.)

1
    Further statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure.
2
 Dr. Nanda appealed from the order sustaining the demurrer case number A139208,
which we dismissed on September 30, 2013, for lack of entry of judgment.
3
  Dr. Nanda presents no coherent factual or legal argument that the trial court erred in
granting the motion for sanctions. Accordingly, we presume the order is correct. (See
Fundamental Investment etc. Realty Fund v. Gradow (1994) 28 Cal.App.4th 966, 971 [on
appeal, “a judgment or order of the trial court is presumed correct [and] . . . [t]he burden
of affirmatively demonstrating error is on the appellant”].)


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“Second, we determine whether the trial court abused its discretion by sustaining the
demurrer without leave to amend. [Citation.] Under both standards, appellant has the
burden of demonstrating that the trial court erred. [Citation.] An abuse of discretion is
established when ‘there is a reasonable possibility the plaintiff could cure the defect with
an amendment.’ [Citation.]” (Aguilera, at p. 595, italics added.)
       With these principles in mind, we review the complaint and exhibits. The
Addendum, which is attached as exhibit E to the complaint, states, “Should any dispute
arise out of this Addendum, the Sublease, or the professional relationship of the parties,
the matter will be submitted to the parties’ respective attorneys, Bob Gates and Stephen
Goldstein, to resolve through negotiation. If Gates and Goldstein are unable to resolve
the dispute, the matter may be submitted to binding arbitration before Robert Sheppard,
Esq. or such other special master or referee as the parties or their attorneys may agree.”
In the complaint, Dr. Nanda alleged that he “asserted his rights to arbitration” and
“served [respondent] with an arbitration demand.” He further alleged that “the various
issues and disputes of the parties were arbitrated in front of Arbitrator Shelley A.
Gordon.”
       “ ‘Arbitration is a voluntary procedure for settling disputes, leading to a final
determination of the rights of the parties. The policy of the law is to favor arbitration,
and every reasonable intendment is indulged to give effect to such proceedings.
[Citation.] Once a valid award is made by the arbitrator, it is conclusive on matters of
fact and law and all matters in the award are thereafter res judicata.’ [Citations.] A
contrary rule would defeat the expectations of the parties to a private arbitration. ‘ “Even
in the absence of an explicit agreement, conclusiveness is expected; the essence of the
arbitration process is that an arbitral award shall put the dispute to rest.” [Citation.]’
[Citation.]” (Kelly v. Vons Companies, Inc. (1998) 67 Cal.App.4th 1329, 1336.) Thus,
the doctrine of res judicata squarely applies to arbitration proceedings. (See Kelly, at
pp. 1335-1336; see also Thibodeau v. Crum (1992) 4 Cal.App.4th 749, 755 [“doctrine of
res judicata applies not only to judicial proceedings but also to arbitration proceedings”].)
“ ‘The doctrine of res judicata precludes parties . . . from relitigating a cause of action


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that has been finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction. Any issue
necessarily decided in such litigation is conclusively determined as to the parties . . . if it
is involved in a subsequent lawsuit on a different cause of action.’ [Citation.]”
(Thibodeau, at pp. 754-755.)
       Here, because the parties’ dispute was resolved in an arbitration proceeding that
the parties agreed would be binding, Dr. Nanda’s complaint is barred by the doctrine of
res judicata. (See Henry v. Clifford (1995) 32 Cal.App.4th 315, 320 [trial court properly
sustains general demurrer where “ ‘all the facts necessary to show that an action is barred
by res judicata are within the complaint or subject to judicial notice’ ”].)
       Dr. Nanda argues that his complaint is not barred by res judicata because the
arbitration clause is unenforceable and the arbitration award is nonbinding. Specifically,
he argues that the Addendum’s arbitration clause is unenforceable because it failed to
include the notice requirements specified under section 1298,4 which governs contracts
and options to purchase real property. But the Sublease and Addendum are agreements
about subleasing business premises and equipment; they are not contracts or options to
purchase real property. Accordingly, they do not trigger the arbitration-clause notice
requirements of section 1298.
       Furthermore, Dr. Nanda is judicially estopped from asserting the unenforceability
of the arbitration clause because he demanded and participated in the arbitration. (See
Lovret v. Seyfarth (1972) 22 Cal.App.3d 841, 860 [“ ‘[C]laimant may not voluntarily
submit his claim to arbitration, await the outcome, and, if the decision is unfavorable,
then challenge the authority of the arbitrators to act’ ”]; see also Cabrera v. Plager (1987)
195 Cal.App.3d 606, 613, fn. 8 [“[A]ppellants’ appearance at the arbitration hearing and




4
   Section 1298, subdivision (a), which provides that arbitration-clause notice
requirements apply to “any contract to convey real property, or contemplated to convey
real property in the future, including marketing contracts, deposit receipts, real property
sales contracts as defined in Section 2985 of the Civil Code, leases together with options
to purchase, or ground leases coupled with improvements . . . .”


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participation therein without raising any objection to the jurisdiction of the arbitrator
estops them from challenging it afterwards. [Citation.]”)
       Dr. Nanda cannot do an end run around these estoppel principles by now
contending the arbitration proceedings were marred by procedural deficiencies and
improper conduct by the arbitrator. Dr. Nanda could have sought judicial review of the
arbitration award on these grounds, but he failed to do so. (See § 1286.2, subd. (a)(1)-(5)
[arbitration award can be vacated upon judicial review if “the award was procured by
corruption, fraud or other undue means. (2) There was corruption in any of the
arbitrators. (3) The rights of the party were substantially prejudiced by misconduct of a
neutral arbitrator. (4) The arbitrators exceeded their powers and the award cannot be
corrected without affecting the merits of the decision upon the controversy submitted.
(5) the rights of the party were substantially prejudiced by the refusal of the arbitrators to
postpone the hearing upon sufficient cause being shown therefor or by the refusal of the
arbitrators to hear evidence material to the controversy or by other conduct of the
arbitrators contrary to the provisions of this title”].) Accordingly, these claims have been
forfeited. (Cf. Federal Deposit Ins. Corp. v. Dintino (2008) 167 Cal.App.4th 333, 355
[by failing to assert affirmative defense of unclean hands, the plaintiff effectively
forfeited or waived that argument below “and may not now raise it on appeal as a basis to
challenge the trial court’s denial of his motion for summary judgment”]; and Mokler v.
County of Orange (2007) 157 Cal.App.4th 121, 136 [defense waived claim “[b]y failing
to raise issue before trial”].)
       We conclude the trial court did not err in sustaining the demurrer. (See
Aguilera v. Heiman, supra, 174 Cal.App.4th at p. 595.) We further conclude that the trial
court did not abuse its discretion in denying leave to amend the complaint because there
is no “ ‘reasonable possibility the plaintiff could cure the defect with an amendment.’ ”
(Id. at p. 595.)




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                                       DISPOSITION
       The judgment is affirmed. Defendants are entitled to costs on appeal. (See
California Rules of Court, rule 8.278(a)(1).)5




5
   Defendants assert that they will recover attorney fees as part of costs on appeal under
the contracts at issue; accordingly, we decline their invitation to impose further sanctions
on Dr. Nanda by deeming the appeal frivolous.


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                                _________________________
                                Humes, P.J.


We concur:


_________________________
Margulies, J.


_________________________
Banke, J.




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