[Cite as State v. Freshwater, 2012-Ohio-3468.]


                 Court of Appeals of Ohio
                               EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                  COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA


                              JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
                                       No. 98097



                                      STATE OF OHIO
                                                 PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE

                                                  vs.

                               JOSHUA FRESHWATER
                                                 DEFENDANT-APPELLANT




                                            JUDGMENT:
                                             AFFIRMED


                                    Criminal Appeal from the
                             Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                                      Case No. CR-507109

        BEFORE:           Cooney, J., Blackmon, A.J., and Rocco, J.

        RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: August 2, 2012
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT

Jesse M. Schmidt
Jesse M. Schmidt Co., L.P.A.
614 W. Superior Avenue
Suite 1402
Cleveland, OH 44113

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE

William D. Mason
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor

By: Mary H. McGrath
Assistant County Prosecutor
8th Floor, Justice Center
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, J.:

       {¶1} This case came to be heard upon the accelerated calendar pursuant to

App.R. 11.1 and Loc.R. 11.1. Defendant-appellant, Joshua Freshwater (“Freshwater”),

appeals the denial of his motion to dismiss the execution of his prison sentence for lack of

jurisdiction. We find no merit to the appeal and affirm.

       {¶2} In February 2008, Freshwater was charged with one count of drug

trafficking, two counts of possession of drugs, and one count of possession of criminal

tools. At the time of the indictment, he was in federal custody awaiting trial on a federal

case. In May, he was transferred to the Cuyahoga Common Pleas Court and pled guilty

to one count of drug trafficking with forfeiture and schoolyard specifications, a second

degree felony. The court sentenced him to a three-year prison term and three years’

postrelease control.

       {¶3} Following sentencing, Freshwater was returned to federal custody. One

month later, the federal court sentenced him to an 18-month prison term to be served

consecutive to his state sentence. He served the sentence and was released from federal

prison in June 2009, but had not yet served his state prison term.

       {¶4} In June 2011, the State filed a motion to enforce Freshwater’s sentence.

After a hearing, the trial court ordered Freshwater’s sentence into execution beginning

July 21, 2011, allowing credit for time served (475 days as of July 2011). Freshwater
filed a notice of appeal on August 30, 2011, which this court dismissed as untimely.

State v. Freshwater, 8th Dist. No. 97225 (Sept. 9, 2011).

       {¶5} In January 2012, Freshwater filed a motion to dismiss execution of his

sentence, claiming the trial court lost jurisdiction to order execution of the sentence due to

the delay between his release from federal custody and the trial court’s ordering his

sentence into execution.     The court denied his motion to dismiss, and this appeal

followed.

       {¶6} In his sole assignment of error, Freshwater argues the trial court lost

jurisdiction to order execution of judgment after a three-year delay between the

pronouncement of sentence and its execution. He also argues that because the three-year

delay was unreasonable, the enforcement of his state sentence is unconstitutional.

       {¶7} Crim.R. 32(A) states that a sentence “shall be imposed without unnecessary

delay.” In general, a reasonable delay in the execution of a sentence does not render the

sentence unenforceable. State v. James, 179 Ohio App.3d 633, 2008-Ohio-6139, 903

N.E.2d 340, ¶ 12 (8th Dist.); Neal v. Maxwell, 175 Ohio St. 201, 202, 192 N.E.2d 782

(1963). However, it is possible for a delay in the execution of a sentence to become so

unreasonable that it raises constitutional issues. Id.; State v. Zucal, 82 Ohio St.3d 215,

219, 1998-Ohio-377, 694 N.E.2d 1341.          Whether a delay in execution violates due

process is determined on a case-by-case basis.           State v. Lovell, 12th Dist. Nos.

CA2006-06-138 and CA2006-07-158, 2007-Ohio-4352, ¶ 17.
       {¶8} In determining whether the delay between the pronouncement of sentence

and the execution of sentence is unreasonable, courts consider factors including, but not

limited to: (1) whether society will derive a benefit from enforcing the sentence, James at

¶ 13; (2) whether the defendant contributed to the delay through his own wrongful

actions, United States v. Fisher, 895 F.2d 208, 211 (5th Cir.1990); United States v. Hill,

719 F.2d 1402, 1405 (9th Cir.1983); and (3) the length of the sentence relative to the

length of the delay. State v. Moore, 8th Dist. No. 47284, 1984 WL 5025, citing Shotkin

v. Buchanan, 149 So.2d 574 (Fla. App.1963) (holding that five-year delay in imposing

two sentences of 60 days and ten days was unreasonable).

       {¶9} In the case at bar, there was a 35-month delay between the pronouncement

of sentence and its execution. The delay was caused, in part, by Freshwater’s first

serving an 18-month sentence in federal prison during that time.          Although there

remained a two-year delay between Freshwater’s release from federal prison and

execution of his state sentence, the delay is still not unreasonable. The period of delay

does not exceed the length of the prison term, and society will still derive a benefit from

his serving his three-year sentence, which will punish him for committing a drug offense

near a school, and hopefully deter future criminal behavior.

       {¶10} A motion to dismiss or prevent execution of sentence is akin to other

motions to dismiss criminal charges, which we review for an abuse of discretion. State

v. Carver, 8th Dist. No. 91443, 2009-Ohio-1272; State v. White, 8th Dist. No. 90544,

2008-Ohio-4228, ¶ 19.       Because the delay in executing Freshwater’s sentence was
caused, in part, by his serving a federal prison sentence and because society would still

benefit from his serving his state prison sentence on a serious felony, we find no abuse of

discretion.

       {¶11} Accordingly, the sole assignment of error is overruled.

       {¶12} Judgment affirmed.

       It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant costs herein taxed.

       The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common

pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.

       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of

the Rules of Appellate Procedure.



______________________________________________
COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, JUDGE

PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, A.J., and
KENNETH A. ROCCO, J., CONCUR
