                                                                                  United States Court of Appeals
                                                                                           Fifth Circuit
                                                                                         F I L E D
                             UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                       November 28, 2006
                                     For the Fifth Circuit
                                                                                     Charles R. Fulbruge III
                                                                                             Clerk

                                             No. 05-60993


                                 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                                                 Plaintiffs - Appellee,

                                               VERSUS

                                          J.J. STREETMAN
                                                                                Defendant -Appellant.



                             Appeal from the United States District Court
                               For the Northern District of Mississippi



Before JONES, Chief Judge, DAVIS and GARZA, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:*

          Defendant J.J. Streetman entered a conditional guilty plea to a charge of possession of child

pornography, preserving his ability to appeal the district court’s denial of his motion to suppress the

evidence on which his charge was based. Because we conclude that the district court did not err in

concluding that the warrant issued for the search was adequately supported by probable cause, we

affirm.

                                                   I.

          The affidavit supporting the search warrant recites the following: In November 2002,


   *
        Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the Court has determined that this opinion should not be
published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.
Streetman and Madeline Caliguiro met over the internet. In the summer of 2003, Caliguiro and her

eight-year-old daughter moved into Streetman’s home in Corinth, Mississippi. Caliguiro discovered

computer disks containing adult and child pornography in Streetman’s home in late December 2003.

Around the same time, Caliguiro learned that Streetman had molested her daughter. Caliguiro and

her daughter moved out of the home in February 2004. Caliguiro took with her 24 diskettes and CDs

that contained images of child pornography. On May 11, 2004 and June 1, 2004, FBI Special Agent

Parmalee obtained the material from Caliguiro through the Warren County Sheriff’s Office in

Vicksburg, Mississippi.

        FBI Special Agent Quarka sought and obtained a search warrant on June 9, 2004. The agents

who conducted the search seized a computer, 111 computer disks, and nine CD ROM disks, which

contained hundreds of pornographic images of children, some under the age of ten. Streetman filed

a motion to suppress the evidence, which the district court denied. Streetman then entered a

conditional guilty plea, preserving the suppression issue for appeal.

                                                    II.

        Streetman argues that the district court erred in denying his motion to suppress. In reviewing

a district court’s denial of a suppression motion, this court accepts the district court’s factual findings

unless they are clearly erroneous or influenced by an incorrect view of the law. United States v.

Alvarez, 127 F.3d 372, 373 (5th Cir. 1997. Legal conclusions are reviewed de novo. Id. This court

gives great deference to the magistrate’s finding of probable cause. United States v. McKeever, 5

F.3d 863, 865 (5th Cir. 1993).

                                                   III.

        Streetman argues first that the district court erred because the information in the affidavit was


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too stale to support a finding of probable cause. He notes that Caliguiro discovered the materials in

December 2003 and removed them from Streetman’s house in February 2004. It is not clear when

Caliguiro contacted the sheriff or when the sheriff contacted the FBI, but Agent Parmalee received

the first portion of the disks in May 2004. Streetman points to the six month delay between

December and May to support his argument that the information the magistrate relied on was stale.

Although generally information given to a magistrate in an application for a search warrant must be

timely and probable cause must be found to exist at the time the warrant issues, courts demand less

current information if the affidavit shows a longstanding, ongoing pattern of criminal activity and the

evidence sought is of the sort that can be reasonably be expected to be kept for long periods of time

in the place to be searched. McKeever, 5 F.3d at 866.

       Because the crime charged in this case is possession of child pornography, it is difficult to

establish an ongoing pattern of criminal activity. We agree with the district court however that it is

reasonable in today’s time to presume that if a person has a computer from December to February,

that person will likely continue to have that computer into June. The affidavit submitted in support

of the warrant stated that electronic files on computers can be stored for years and are retrievable

months or years later even if the user has “deleted” them. At least one circuit has found that

computer files are of a type that could be expected to be kept for long periods of time in the place

to be searched. See United States v. Hay, 231 F.3d 630, 636 (9th Cir. 2000), cert. denied, 534 U.S.

858 (2001)(6 month delaybetween transmission of pornographic images and application for warrant).

       Streetman also argues that the affidavit is lacking in that it fails to show a connection between

Streetman, his computer and the pornography found by Caliguiro. A magistrate can use common

sense when determining whether probable cause exists for the issuance of a search warrant. United


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States v. Byrd, 31 F.3d 1329, 1340 (5th Cir. 1994), cert. denied, 514 U.S. 1052 (1995). The

magistrate could reasonably conclude that the computer disks that were found in the room where

Streetman maintained an office that housed his computer had been created or viewed on that

computer.

                                                  IV.

        Streetman also argues that the affidavit was deficient because it failed to address the

informant’s (Caliguiro’s) reliability. Before the Supreme Court’s decision in Illinois v. Gates, 462

U.S. 213 (1983), reviewing courts required that the warrant affidavit demonstrate both the

informant's basis of knowledge and offer some indication of the informant's credibilityor the reliability

of the information offered. United States v. Blount, 123 F.3d 831, 836 (5th Cir. 1997)(en banc). In

Gates, the Supreme Court observed that the "two-pronged" approach had become unduly rigid in its

application, and reiterated that a simple "totality of the circumstances" test was appropriate for

probable cause determinations. 462 U.S. at 230-231; United States v. Blount, 123 F.3d 831, 835 (5th

Cir. 1997). “When an average citizen tenders information to the police, the police should be

permitted to assume that they are dealing with a credible person in the absence of special

circumstances suggesting that such might not be the case.” Blount, 123 F.3d at 836.

        The affidavit does contain some information that undermines Caliguiro’s credibility,

particularly the length of time between discovery of images and that defendant molested her daughter

and the date she left his home and then reported the images to the police. However, the affidavit also

includes other information supporting her credibility. Caliguiro lived in the defendants home, and

gave information from her own knowledge including a description of the computer and its location

in the house. She also corroborated her story by producing the computer disks that contained the


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child pornography. Under the totality of the circumstances, we agree with the district court that there

is reasonable information in the affidavit to establish Caliguiro’s reliability.

                                                   V.

        For the foregoing reasons, we find that the district court did not err in denying Streetman’s

motion to suppress.

AFFIRMED.




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