J-A10008-19


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    ANTHONY DOVIDIO AND NANCY                  :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    DOVIDIO, H/W,                              :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                       Appellant               :
                                               :
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :   No. 3050 EDA 2018
    FROMMEYER CONSTRUCTION                     :
    SERVICES, INC.; WHITELAND                  :
    INVESTORS, LP; AND BERGEN OF               :
    WHITELAND, INC.                            :

               Appeal from the Order Entered August 23, 2018
     In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Civil Division at
                        No(s): 3905 April Term, 2018


BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J.E., LAZARUS, J., and OTT, J.

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.:                                 FILED MAY 22, 2019

       Plaintiffs Anthony Dovidio and Nancy Dovidio (collectively, Dovidios),

h/w, appeal from the trial court’s order sustaining Appellees’ preliminary

objections on the basis of improper venue and transferring this negligence

action from Philadelphia County to Chester County.1 After careful review, we

affirm.

       In April 2016, Anthony Dovidio (Dovidio) fell more than 15 feet from a

ladder while painting the second-floor exterior of a building (project) located

on West Lincoln Highway in Exton, Chester County, Pennsylvania. At the time

____________________________________________


1There is a right to appeal an interlocutory order granting a petition to transfer
venue from one county to another.           See Pa.R.A.P. 311(c); see also
Goodman v. Pizzutillo, 682 A.2d 363, 367 (Pa. Super. 1996).
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of the accident, Dovidio was employed by Michael Bryne Painting, Inc. On

April 24, 2018, the Dovidios, residents of Glenside, Montgomery County,

Pennsylvania, filed a negligence action in Philadelphia County against the

project’s general contractor and construction manager, Defendant Frommeyer

Construction     Services,    Inc.   (Frommeyer),   and   the   property   owners,

Defendants Bergan of Whiteland, Inc., and Whiteland Investors, L.P.

(collectively, Whiteland). The complaint alleged Frommeyer, a company that

provides commercial general contracting services, regularly conducts business

in Philadelphia County. The Dovidios filed an amended complaint on June 11,

2018. On June 19, 2018, Defendant Frommeyer filed preliminary objections,

see Pa.R.C.P. 1006(e), asserting that Chester County, not Philadelphia

County, is the proper venue for the action where “Defendants do not regularly

conduct business in Philadelphia and all conduct complained of by the Plaintiffs

occurred in Chester County, not Philadelphia.”            Defendant’s Preliminary

Objections, 6/19/18, at ¶ 6.2

       The Dovidios filed motions opposing Defendant’s preliminary objections.

On July 23, 2018, the trial court entered an order scheduling “an argument

and evidence proceeding, limited solely to the issue of venue.” On August 17,


____________________________________________


2 Because the Dovidios assert that venue properly lies in Philadelphia County
based on the regular business that Frommeyer conducts in that county, we
have confined our review solely to Defendant Frommeyer as it relates to the
issue of transfer of venue on appeal.




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2018, the Dovidios deposed Christopher Frommeyer (Christopher), the then-

acting president of Frommeyer, who averred that his company provides labor,

supervision, instruction and services on construction projects.       Christopher

testified that in 20143 and 2016, Frommeyer had contracted, started, and

completed three projects in Philadelphia.            Deposition of Christopher

Frommeyer, 8/17/18, at 13, 15. Christopher also testified that between 2015

to 2018, Frommeyer sporadically used five Philadelphia-based subcontractors,

out of hundreds of its other subcontractors, for demolition projects; however,

none of those projects took place in Philadelphia. Id. at 52, 75. Christopher

testified that from 2011 to 2018,4 Frommeyer performed a total of

approximately 600 jobs, and that three of those jobs took place in Philadelphia

County.    Id. at 69.     Finally, Christopher testified that the total contracted

value for all jobs from 2011 to 2018 was approximately $33 million. Id. at

72.

       On August 22, 2018, the trial court held argument on the motion to

transfer and received additional evidence from the parties. On August 23,

2018, the trial court entered its order granting Defendants’ preliminary

____________________________________________


3  Christopher Frommeyer testified at his deposition that the two 2014
Philadelphia projects took place in Center City, were completed in the 2014
calendar year, and required one employee each on site. Deposition of
Christopher Frommeyer, 8/17/18, at 17, 19-20. One of the projects entailed
finishing walls and the other project involved the replacement of the exterior
doors of a building. Id. at 18.

4From 2013-2018, the total value of Frommeyer’s projects was approximately
$29 million. Deposition of Christopher Frommeyer, 8/17/18, at 81.

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objections and transferring venue to Chester County. The Dovidios filed a

timely notice of appeal and court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise

statement of errors complained of on appeal. On appeal, the Dovidios raise

the following issues for our consideration:

       (1)    Whether the trial court abused its discretion, misapplied the
              law, and/or acted in a manifestly unreasonable manner
              when it found the Defendant Frommeyer Construction
              Service’s business contacts with its Philadelphia-based
              subcontractors were not of sufficient “quality” so as to be
              considered essential to Frommeyer’s business purpose as a
              general contractor.

       (2)    Whether the trial court abused its discretion, misapplied the
              law, and/or acted in a manifestly unreasonable manner
              when it found that Defendant Frommeyer Construction
              Service’s business contacts with Philadelphia County were
              not of sufficient quantity so as to be considered general or
              habitual.

       (3)    Whether the trial court abused its discretion, misapplied the
              law, and/or acted in a manifestly unreasonable manner in
              granting Defendants’ [m]otion to [t]ransfer [v]enue for
              [i]mproper [v]enue when it found that Defendant
              Frommeyer Construction Service, Inc., did not “regularly
              conduct business” in Philadelphia County when it served as
              a general contractor on projects in Philadelphia, utilized
              Philadelphia-based      subcontractors,      and     ordered
              construction materials and business supplies from
              Philadelphia businesses?

Appellants’ Brief, at 8.5




____________________________________________


5The Dovidios issues can be consolidated to one main issue; thus, we will
address them together.



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       In Wentzel v. Cammarano, 166 A.3d 1265 (Pa. Super. 2017), our

Court reiterated the scope of review of a trial court’s order granting a transfer

of venue:

       A trial court’s decision to transfer venue will not be disturbed
       absent an abuse of discretion. A plaintiff’s choice of forum is to
       be given great weight, and the burden is on the party challenging
       the choice to show it was improper.[6] However, a plaintiff’s choice
       of venue is not absolute or unassailable. Indeed, if there exists
       any proper basis for the trial court’s decision to grant a petition to
       transfer venue, the decision must stand.

Id. at 1268, citing Jackson v. Laidlaw Transit, Inc. & Laidlaw Transit PA,

Inc., 822 A.2d 56, 47 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citations, quotations, and quotation

marks omitted).

       Venue is the place in which a particular action is to be brought and

determined; it is a matter for the convenience of the litigants.          County

Constr. Co. v. Livengood Constr. Co., 142 A.2d 9 (Pa. 1958). Venue over

an action involving a corporation is governed by Pa.R.C.P. 1006 and Pa.R.C.P.

2179, which state, in pertinent part:


____________________________________________


6 The Dovidios assert that the trial court came to the erroneous conclusion
that venue was improper in Philadelphia County improperly weighing the
evidence in the light most favorable to Frommeyer, the moving party. This,
however, is the incorrect standard. It is well-established that “[t]he moving
party[,here Defendants,] has the burden of supporting [their] objections to
the court’s jurisdiction. Once the plaintiff[s] ha[ve] produced some evidence
to support jurisdiction, the [D]efendant[s] must come forward with some
evidence of [their] own to dispel or rebut the plaintiff[s’] evidence. . . . If an
issue of fact is raised, the court shall take evidence by deposition or
otherwise.”     Deyarmin v. CONRAIL, 931 A.2d 1, 10 (Pa. Super. 2007)
(emphasis in original).


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      Rule 1006. Venue. Change of Venue

                                     ***

         (b) Actions against the following defendants, except as
         otherwise provided in subdivision (c), may be brought in and
         only in the counties designated by the following rules:
         political subdivisions, Rule 2103; partnerships, Rule 2130;
         unincorporated associations, Rule 2156; corporations and
         similar entities, Rule 2179.

Pa.R.C.P. 1006(b) (emphasis added). Rule 2179 provides:

      (a) Except as otherwise provided by an Act of Assembly, by Rule
      1006(a.1) or by subdivision (b) of this rule, a personal action
      against a corporation or similar entity may be brought in and only
      in

         (1) the county where its registered office or principal place
         of business is located;

         (2) a county where it regularly conducts business;

         (3) the county where the cause of action arose; or

         (4) a county where a transaction or occurrence took place
         out of which the cause of action arose.

Pa.R.C.P. 2179 (emphasis added).

      In determining whether a corporation regularly conducts business in a

county, our courts “employ a quality-quantity analysis.” Zampana-Berry v.

Donaghue, 921 A.2d 500, 503 (Pa. Super. 2007). A business entity must

perform acts in a county of sufficient quality and quantity before venue in that

county will be established. Id. Only direct acts are included in the “regularly

conducted business” analysis; a single act is not enough. Purcell v. Bryn

Mawr Hosp., 579 A.2d 1282, 1285 (Pa. 1990).            The test for whether a

corporation “regularly conducts business” in a particular county under Rule

2179(a)(2) is not whether the corporate acts within the county related to the


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particular action sued upon, but rather, the nature of the corporate acts within

a particular county and how those acts relate to accomplishment of the general

corporate objective. Id. Each case rests on its own facts, which are derived

from the parties’ pleadings and any other evidence of record. Id. at 1286;

Pa.R.C.P. No. 1028(c)(2) (allowing court to consider evidence by depositions

or otherwise).    “Quality of acts” means “those directly, furthering or

essential to, corporate objects; they do not include incidental acts.” Purcell,

579 A.2d at 1285. Quantity means those acts which are “so continuous and

sufficient to be general or habitual.” Id.

      The Dovidios claim that Frommeyer’s actions in Philadelphia are of

sufficient quality and quantity to establish venue in Philadelphia County. To

support this claim, the Dovidios assert that “Frommeyer’s longstanding and

continual use of Philadelphia-based subcontractors on its construction jobs

directly furthers or is essential to its business objective” and that “Frommeyer

served as a general contractor on multiple projects in Philadelphia in 2014 and

2016, utilized Philadelphia-based subcontractors on its projects from 2013

through 2018, and ordered construction materials and business supplies from

Philadelphia business in furtherance of its business as a general contractor.”

Appellants’ Brief, at 22-23. We agree with the trial court that the Dovidios

have failed to provide sufficient evidence to show that Defendants regularly

conduct business in Philadelphia County.

      The facts of record establish that Defendant Frommeyer Construction

Services is a Pennsylvania corporation that has its principal place of business

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in Malvern, Chester County.     See Deposition of Christopher Frommeyer,

5/21/18, at ¶ 3.     Frommeyer does not have any registered offices in

Philadelphia County. Id. at ¶ 4. Frommeyer used five Philadelphia-based

subcontractors from 2011 to 2018, none of whom worked on jobs located in

Philadelphia County. Frommeyer completed and supervised two Philadelphia-

based jobs in 2014 and one in 2016, which accounted for approximately

6.39% of its total completed projects from 2013 to 2018. Between 2013 and

2018, Frommeyer’s payments to the five designated Philadelphia-based

subcontractors accounted for approximately 7.52% of its total payments to

the hundreds of subcontractors it used.       Moreover, Frommeyer’s three

Philadelphia-based jobs (from 2014 and 2016) garnered approximately 6.39%

of the company’s total revenue for jobs for years 2013 to 2018.

      Ultimately, the trial court found that Frommeyer’s hiring of the

Philadelphia-based subcontractors and total Philadelphia-based jobs (two in

2014 and one in 2016) were “incidental” to its business purpose. The court

concluded that based on evidence presented at the venue hearing, Frommeyer

had not worked on any projects in Philadelphia for at least 18 months prior to

the Dovidios filing the instant action. See Trial Court Opinion, 11/27/18, at

6. Moreover, the court found that the Dovidios did not meet the “quantity”

prong of the Purcell test where any Philadelphia-based subcontractors

Frommeyer used were for projects conducted outside Philadelphia and where

the supplies it ordered from Philadelphia suppliers were also used on jobs




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outside of Philadelphia.   Under such facts, the court found that Frommeyer

did not “regularly conduct business” in Philadelphia.   We agree.

      While Frommeyer’s contacts in Philadelphia County may satisfy the

“quality” prong of the Purcell test, based on a comprehensive review of the

record, Frommeyer’s actions in Philadelphia County from 2011 to 2018 were

not “sufficiently continuous so as to be considered habitual.”      Zampana-

Barry, supra. In 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2018, Frommeyer had

no jobs in Philadelphia and, thus, generated no revenue relating to

Philadelphia in those years.    Frommeyer’s limited contacts with Plaintiff’s

chosen venue clearly did not meet the “quantity” prong of Purcell.

      Sporadic use of a handful of Philadelphia-based subcontractors for jobs

outside of Philadelphia County, purchasing supplies from Philadelphia-based

vendors, and performing three Philadelphia-based jobs over a seven-year

period does suffice to not confer venue in Philadelphia County. Accordingly,

we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in transferring

venue of the case to Chester County – where Plaintiff’s accident occurred,

Plaintiffs are residents, and where Defendant’s principle place of business is

located.    Wentzel, supra (“[I]f there exists any proper basis for the trial

court’s decision to grant a petition to transfer venue, the decision must

stand.”).

      Order affirmed.




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Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 5/22/19




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