MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
                                                                                FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                      Jan 30 2018, 9:36 am

regarded as precedent or cited before any                                       CLERK
                                                                            Indiana Supreme Court
court except for the purpose of establishing                                   Court of Appeals
                                                                                 and Tax Court
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.


ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT B.L.B.                            ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Michael B. Troemel                                       Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Lafayette, Indiana                                       Attorney General of Indiana
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT D.S.                              Robert J. Henke
                                                         Deputy Attorney General
Cynthia Phillips Smith
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana
Law Office of Cynthia P. Smith
Lafayette, Indiana



                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In the Matter of C.S., B.L.B.,                           January 30, 2018
and M.N. (Minor Children),                               Court of Appeals Case No.
Children in Need of Services:                            79A05-1708-JC-2020
B.N.B. (Mother) and                                      Appeal from the Tippecanoe
D.S. (Father),                                           Superior Court
                                                         The Honorable Faith A. Graham,
Appellants-Respondents,
                                                         Judge
        v.                                               Trial Court Cause Nos.
                                                         79D03-1609-JC-281
                                                         79D03-1609-JC-282
Indiana Department of
                                                         79D03-1609-JC-283
Child Services,
Appellee-Petitioner



Baker, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1708-JC-2020 | January 30, 2018             Page 1 of 11
[1]   B.N.B. (Mother) appeals the trial court’s order modifying the dispositional

      decree after her three children were found to be children in need of services

      (CHINS); the trial court’s modification order directed that the children be

      removed from Mother’s care and custody. D.S. (Father) is the father of one of

      those three children; he appeals the same order with respect to his child. Both

      parents argue that the trial court erred by ordering that the children be removed

      from Mother’s care and custody and Father argues that his child, C.S., should

      have been placed with him. Finding no error, we affirm.


                                                     Facts
[2]   C.S. was born to Mother and Father on June 23, 2016. Mother has two other

      minor children: B.L.B., born September 17, 2008, and M.N., born March 19,

      2010.


[3]   Between July 24 and September 29, 2016, the Department of Child Services

      (DCS) received allegations regarding three separate incidents of domestic

      violence between Mother and Father, all of which occurred in the presence of

      one or more of the children:


          • Following an incident on July 24, both parents were injured, Father
            needed stitches, and both parents were arrested. Mother tested positive
            for an opioid medication for which she did not have a prescription.
          • When law enforcement was again dispatched to the parents’ home on
            September 17, they found an SUV in the driveway with all the doors
            open and an infant crying in a car seat. Mother exited the house with her
            arms full of clothes, saying she was moving out.
          • When law enforcement was again called out to the home on September
            29, Father had a laceration above his eye and was completely covered in

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1708-JC-2020 | January 30, 2018   Page 2 of 11
                 melted candle wax. Mother said Father had thrown her around and she
                 had pain in her head. It was 9:43 a.m. and Father was intoxicated.

      On November 18, 2016, the trial court found all three children to be CHINS

      and ordered that the children could remain in Mother’s care and custody.1

      B.L.B. and M.N. were to have no contact whatsoever with Father, though the

      trial court later authorized Father to have fully supervised visits (away from

      Mother’s home) with those children. On December 15, 2016, the trial court

      entered a dispositional decree. Among other things, the trial court ordered

      Mother and Father to: complete domestic violence and substance abuse

      assessments and comply with any recommendations; submit to random drug

      screens; and participate in individual and family therapy and comply with any

      recommendations.


[4]   Over the ensuing months, the parents struggled to comply with court ordered

      services. They were both unsuccessfully discharged from home based case

      management in April 2017. In May 2017, Mother was unsuccessfully

      discharged from another service provider for case management and parenting

      education because of inconsistent communication. In June 2017, yet another

      service provider discharged the parents unsuccessfully because of a lack of

      communication.




      1
          The parents did not appeal the CHINS adjudication.


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1708-JC-2020 | January 30, 2018   Page 3 of 11
[5]   On June 9, 2017, DCS filed a rule to show cause because of the parents’ failure

      to comply with court ordered services. Both parents had failed to consistently

      submit to random drug screens,2 neither had provided a hair follicle drug

      screen, and both had been unsuccessfully discharged from multiple services.

      Even more troubling, Mother had been permitting Father to have unsupervised

      contact with the children. On June 19, 2017, DCS filed a motion to modify the

      placement of the children.


[6]   The court appointed special advocate (CASA) requested that the children

      continue to be placed with Mother but noted that if Father continued to have

      unauthorized contact with the children, the CASA would support removal. In

      addition to the parents missing multiple visits and team meetings, the CASA

      noted that the older two children were amassing many unexcused absences at

      school. Mother admitted to the CASA that she was permitting Father to have

      unsupervised contact with the children. She was also permitting the children to

      stay with Father’s sister and her boyfriend, who DCS had not approved as

      caregivers.


[7]   On June 20, 2017, the trial court held a hearing on the rule to show cause and

      the motion to modify the dispositional decree. The trial court denied the

      request for change of placement and ordered DCS to ensure that three drop-ins




      2
       Mother missed drug screens on 4/24, 4/27, 5/8, 5/16, 5/18, 5/19, 5/22, 5/25, 5/30, 6/2, 6/6, 6/8, and
      6/12. Father missed drug screens on 4/24, 4/26, 4/27, 5/5, 5/9, 5/11, 5/17, 5/19, 5/22, 5/25, 5/30, 6/2,
      6/6, 6/8, 6/13, and 6/14. Mother’s App. Vol. III p. 21.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1708-JC-2020 | January 30, 2018       Page 4 of 11
      per day would occur at Mother’s home. The trial court also found Mother in

      contempt, ordering that Mother serve three days in jail, which she did.


[8]   On June 30, 2017, DCS filed a new motion to modify placement based on

      Mother’s continued lack of engagement with services and unwillingness to

      make the children available for three daily drop-in visits. DCS set forth the

      following timeline of events after Mother was released from incarceration on

      Sunday, June 25, 2017:


          • On Monday, June 26, Mother texted the family case manager (FCM)
            that she was taking B.L.B. to a CASA-approved church camp about 1.5
            hours away. DCS dropped by Mother’s home at 2:35 p.m., but she was
            not home. DCS later met up with Mother outside the home.

          • On Tuesday, June 27, Mother texted the FCM, saying that B.L.B. had
            gotten sick at camp and she needed to go pick him up. She said that she
            would be home before 6:00 p.m. She was not home until 12:45 a.m.,
            meaning that no drop-ins took place that day.

          • On Wednesday, June 28, the FCM dropped by Mother’s home and saw
            the children. Mother said she planned to take B.L.B. back to camp but
            the FCM said that because B.L.B. had not been symptom-free for twenty-
            four hours, she could not return the child. Mother told the CASA she
            was taking B.L.B. back to camp regardless of what DCS instructed. The
            FCM dropped in later that evening and noted that Mother was preparing
            to leave; the FCM again advised her that she was not authorized to take
            the children out of town. The FCM noticed that C.S. had bruising on his
            forehead, a laceration on the outer corner of his right eye, and scratches
            on his left cheek. The FCM directed Mother to take C.S. to the
            emergency room; Mother said that she would take B.L.B. back to camp
            and maternal grandmother would take C.S. to the hospital. The FCM
            again said that Mother was not authorized to take the children out of
            town. C.S. was eventually taken to the emergency room, where no
            internal injuries were found, and was released that night.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1708-JC-2020 | January 30, 2018   Page 5 of 11
           • On Thursday, June 29, DCS told Mother that she could travel out of the
             county for four hours only to return B.L.B. to camp. She left with the
             children at 12:35 p.m. but did not return until approximately 6:30 p.m.

       DCS believed that Mother was avoiding and refusing to comply with the drop-

       in visits. Additionally, DCS was concerned about the injuries to C.S.’s head.

       After bringing its concerns to the trial court, the court authorized DCS to detain

       the children.


[9]    On June 30, 2017, the FCM and a police officer went to Mother’s home to

       detain the children. Mother “became increasingly angry and started shouting

       and not getting the children ready.” Tr. p. 33. She refused to give C.S. to

       anybody, called the FCM a “bitch,” and—in front of the children—questioned

       whether the children could trust the FCM. Id. at 33-34. Mother refused to help

       get the children’s things together, so instead, seven-year-old M.N. helped the

       FCM gather their things. M.N. and B.L.B. were placed with their fathers and

       C.S. was placed with maternal grandmother. DCS elected not to place C.S.

       with Father because of his history of noncompliance with services and a history

       of unstable housing.


[10]   The trial court held a hearing on DCS’s motion to modify on July 5, 2017.

       Following the presentation of evidence, the trial court ruled from the bench:


               We are, what, 10 months into this case. We’re only 10 Character
               Restorations in and zero Reflections in [both are domestic
               violence services] and that’s the primary issue in this case. . . .
               Quite frankly, ma’am, you have been hovering on removal since
               day one because your attitude and your actions prevent DCS and
               service providers from ensuring the safety of the children. The
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1708-JC-2020 | January 30, 2018   Page 6 of 11
         Court has given you opportunity after opportunity after
         opportunity to comply and to show that you can safely provide
         for these children. The Court went so far as to send you to jail
         rather than remove the children a few weeks ago in order for you
         to understand the importance of complying with the drop ins so
         that the Court would know these children are safe in your care.
         It appears to have made no dent in your thought process and
         your actions. The Court has no option but to remove these
         children from your care to ensure their safety.


                                                     ***


         You have made it clear you are not going to listen to the Court’s
         orders to protect the children. . . . You have thumbed your nose
         at the Court’s order. . . . Mother’s and [Father’s] visits will be
         fully supervised at an agency, because they are currently living
         together according to [Father’s] testimony.[3] The domestic
         violence issues have not been resolved, have not been addressed.
         When Mother . . . and Father . . . [have completed domestic
         violence services] the Court will consider whether or not the
         children can be returned to the care of both of them.


Id. at 141-42, 143. On July 31, 2017, the trial court entered a written order

modifying the placement of the children. In relevant part, it found and

concluded as follows:


         Primary issues in this case involve domestic violence between the
         Mother and [Father]. Court adjudicated the children as CHINS




3
 In its original dispositional decree, the trial court had ordered that, “[p]rior to the Court considering the
Mother and [Father] be back in the same home, Court, at a minimum would need to review the parents[’]
substance abuse assessments AND domestic violence assessments and follow all recommendations.”
Father’s App. Vol. II p. 20 (emphasis original).

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1708-JC-2020 | January 30, 2018              Page 7 of 11
               in October 2016 and Mother has yet to attend a [domestic
               violence treatment] class and [Father] has not yet completed
               [domestic violence services]. Mother and [Father] previously
               violated Court orders regarding [Father’s] unsupervised contact
               with the children. Court gave parents another chance to follow
               orders, but Mother and [Father] continued to violate court orders
               resulting in contempt proceedings and Mother’s incarceration.
               Even after incarceration, Mother demonstrated that she is unable
               or unwilling to follow Court orders to ensure the safety of the
               children. Due to the Mother’s continued lack of compliance with
               drop ins, court is not able to ensure the safety of the children
               while in the care of the Mother at this time.


                                                          ***


               [Father] requests placement of his child, in his care. Court denies
               said request as [Father] has also violated the Court orders
               regarding unsupervised contact with the children.


       C.S. Appealed Order p. 2-3. Mother now appeals the orders regarding all three

       children and Father appeals the order regarding C.S.


                                      Discussion and Decision
[11]   Both parents argue that the trial court erred by modifying the dispositional

       decree by removing the children from Mother’s care and custody.4 At the




       4
[1]      DCS argues that the orders from which the parents are appealing are not final, appealable orders.
       Placement decisions are continuing in nature, subject to change while the CHINS proceedings are pending,
       and do not make final determinations regarding placement of the child(ren). See Ind. Code § 31-34-21-2
       (requiring CHINS court to review placement of children at least once every six months during a CHINS
       case). As such, DCS contends that the parents should have sought to file a discretionary interlocutory appeal
       pursuant to Indiana Appellate Rule 14(B). Cf. Ind. Appellate Rule 14.1 (giving DCS—not the parents—the
       right to seek an expedited appeal from certain orders in CHINS cases, including placement changes).

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1708-JC-2020 | January 30, 2018          Page 8 of 11
request of, among others, DCS or the parents, the trial court may modify a

dispositional decree in a CHINS case. Ind. Code § 31-34-23-1. In entering a

dispositional decree, the trial court must fashion an order that:


         (1)      is:

                  (A)      in the least restrictive (most family like) and most
                           appropriate setting available; and

                  (B)      close to the parents’ home, consistent with the best
                           interest and special needs of the child;

         (2)      least interferes with family autonomy;

         (3)      is least disruptive of family life;

         (4)      imposes the least restraint on the freedom of the child and
                  the child’s parent, guardian, or custodian; and

         (5)      provides a reasonable opportunity for participation by the
                  child’s parent, guardian, or custodian.


I.C. § 31-34-19-6; see also I.C. § 31-34-20-1(a)(3) (giving trial courts authority to

remove a child who is a CHINS from the child’s home). When reviewing a

modification of a dispositional decree, we consider whether the evidence

supports the trial court’s findings of fact and whether those findings support the

judgment. In re T.S., 906 N.E.2d 801, 804 (Ind. 2009). We must give due

regard to the trial court’s opportunity to assess witness credibility and may not




Without deciding whether these orders were, in fact, final and appealable orders, we will review the parents’
appeals given the importance of these issues to these children.




Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1708-JC-2020 | January 30, 2018           Page 9 of 11
       reweigh the evidence, considering only the evidence and inferences most

       favorable to the judgment. Id. We will reverse only if the order is clearly

       erroneous. Id.


[12]   Mother argues that the trial court erred by basing its order on her transportation

       of the children to and from B.L.B.’s camp, given that B.L.B. was ill and Mother

       remained in contact with the FCM during that time. It is apparent, however,

       that this was not the sole basis of the trial court’s ruling. Among other things,

       the trial court emphasized the following issues: (1) Mother’s failure to

       participate with court ordered services, particularly domestic violence

       treatment; (2) Mother’s repeated decision to allow Father unauthorized,

       unsupervised access to the children in violation of court orders—indeed, Father

       testified that he and Mother were living together (with the children); and

       (3) Mother’s failure to ensure the availability of the children for daily drop-in

       visits from DCS.


[13]   Even if we give Mother the benefit of the doubt regarding the day on which she

       had to pick B.L.B. up from camp because of illness, DCS presented evidence

       that there were multiple other days when Mother’s uncooperative behavior

       made it extremely difficult for the FCM to see the children in accordance with

       the court order. And Mother has no genuine defense to the undisputed facts

       that she was not participating in court ordered services and was giving Father

       unauthorized access to the children. Under these circumstances, we find that

       the trial court’s determination that it could not ensure the safety of the children

       in Mother’s care and custody was not clearly erroneous; consequently, we also

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1708-JC-2020 | January 30, 2018   Page 10 of 11
       find that the trial court’s order removing the children from Mother’s care and

       custody was not clearly erroneous.


[14]   With respect to Father, he argues that the trial court erred by relying on an

       alleged history of unstable housing when DCS presented no evidence at the

       hearing that, at that time, his housing was unstable or inappropriate. It is

       apparent, however, that the trial court also relied on (1) Father’s failure to

       participate with court ordered services, particularly domestic violence

       treatment; (2) Father’s repeated failures to comply with the order that he have

       no unsupervised access to B.L.B. and M.N.; and (3) Father’s failure to comply

       with the court order that he and Mother were not permitted to live together

       with the children in the house until, at the least, they had each completed

       substance abuse and domestic violence treatment. Given this evidence, we find

       that the trial court’s determination that it could not ensure C.S.’s safety in

       Father’s care and custody was not clearly erroneous and that its decision to

       place C.S. with maternal grandmother was not clearly erroneous.


[15]   The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.


       Riley, J., and Brown, J., concur.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1708-JC-2020 | January 30, 2018   Page 11 of 11
