           IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT United States Court of Appeals
                                                   Fifth Circuit

                                                                            FILED
                                                                            May 6, 2008

                                     No. 07-60813                     Charles R. Fulbruge III
                                   Summary Calendar                           Clerk


AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC

                                                  Plaintiff - Appellee
v.

ALFRED D ETHEREDGE

                                                  Defendant - Appellant



                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                 for the Southern District of Mississippi, Jackson
                             USDC No. 3:07-CV-404




Before KING, DAVIS, and CLEMENT, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
       Defendant-appellant Alfred D. Etheredge appeals the district court’s
orders denying his requests to conduct discovery and granting the motion to
compel arbitration filed by plaintiff-appellee Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc.
We affirm.




       *
         Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
                                    No. 07-60813

            I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
      In 2001, Alfred Etheredge opened a securities brokerage account with
Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc. (“Ameriprise”).1 On May 14, 2007, Etheredge
filed suit against Ameriprise and his Ameriprise broker, James McKennon, in
the Circuit Court of Lincoln County, Mississippi. In his suit, Etheredge asserted
claims for negligence, breach of fiduciary duty, breach of contract, and fraud
based on alleged misrepresentations and mismanagement regarding Etheredge’s
brokerage account at Ameriprise.
      On July 16, 2007, Ameriprise filed a complaint in federal district court
seeking to compel Etheredge to submit the claims pending in state court to
arbitration. Attached to Ameriprise’s complaint were copies of an Advantage
IRA Application (the “IRA Application”) and an American Express Financial
Advisors SPS Advantage Service Agreement (the “Service Agreement”), in which
the parties seemingly agreed to arbitrate all disputes arising from their financial
relationship. Specifically, the IRA Application states in the second paragraph
directly above Etheredge’s signature that his account is “governed by a
predispute arbitration clause which is found in Section 13 of the [Service
Agreement],” and that he, as the customer, “acknowledges receipt of the
predispute arbitration clause.” The Service Agreement also reflects Etheredge’s
signature directly below the statement, “This Agreement contains a pre-dispute
arbitration clause in Paragraph 13, which begins on Page 4.” At Paragraph 13
of the Service Agreement, the arbitration provision provides, in relevant part:
             Any controversy arising out of, or relating to
             [Etheredge’s] account, to transactions with [Ameriprise]
             or [Ameriprise’s] agents and/or employees, or to this
             Agreement or the breach thereof, shall be settled by
             arbitration and conducted pursuant to the Federal

      1
         Ameriprise is a financial services firm and a member of various self-regulatory
organizations, including the New York Stock Exchange and the National Association of
Securities Dealers.

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            Arbitration Act before the National Association of
            Securities Dealers Inc., the Midwest Stock Exchange,
            the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock
            Exchange, or the Municipal Securities Rulemaking
            Board as [Etheredge] may elect.
      On July 31, 2007, Ameriprise filed a motion to compel arbitration of
Etheredge’s claims, urging that: (1) a written agreement to arbitrate existed
between Ameriprise and Etheredge, evidenced by the IRA Application and the
Service Agreement; (2) the Federal Arbitration Act (the “FAA”) governed the
enforcement of the arbitration clause; (3) all of Etheredge’s claims alleged in his
state court action were within the scope of the arbitration clause in the Service
Agreement; and (4) no external federal policy or statute rendered Etheredge’s
claims non-arbitrable. In opposition to the motion to compel, Etheredge argued
that the arbitration clause was “invalid and unenforceable due to fraud in the
factum, fraud in the inducement, lack of mutuality, and unconscionability.”
Then, Etheredge asserted that he should be permitted “discovery prior to any
ruling” on the motion to compel. In particular, Etheredge requested a discovery
period “to conduct a handwriting and/or signature analysis, obtain information
relating to the circumstances involved in the production of said arbitration
clause, and ascertain other documentation and information relating to the
arbitration clause in question.”
      On September 17, 2007, the district court denied Etheredge’s request for
discovery, stating that Etheredge did not reasonably require discovery to present
his position as to the validity of the arbitration agreement. The district court
specifically noted that Etheredge “is certainly aware of the circumstances in
which he signed the subject arbitration agreement, and of the terms and
appearance of the agreement itself,” and that although he may claim to want
sufficient time to have a signature analysis performed, “he has not denied that




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he signed the arbitration agreement.” The district court then allowed Etheredge
five additional days to respond to the motion to compel arbitration.
      In his supplemental response to the motion to compel, Etheredge again
asserted that the arbitration clause was invalid and that he would like to
conduct discovery, including a handwriting analysis. Etheredge attached an
affidavit, in which he stated that he did “not recall at any time signing or filling
out” the IRA Application or Service Agreement. On October 2, 2007, the district
court once again denied the request for discovery, stating that Etheredge “has
failed to suggest how discovery would aid him in crafting a response to
[Ameriprise’s] motion.” Thereafter, the district court granted the motion to
compel arbitration. This timely appeal followed.
                                II. DISCUSSION
      Etheredge only argues on appeal that the district court abused its
discretion in denying him his requests for discovery prior to its granting of
Ameriprise’s motion to compel arbitration. Etheredge contends that because he
“does not recall signing or executing an arbitration agreement,” limited discovery
was warranted to determine the authenticity and validity of the agreement to
arbitrate and the circumstances surrounding its purported execution. “We
review a district court’s discovery decisions for abuse of discretion and affirm
such decisions unless they are clearly unreasonable or arbitrary.” Patterson v.
Mobil Oil Corp., 335 F.3d 476, 492 n.15 (5th Cir. 2003) (citing Moore v. Willis
Indep. Sch. Dist., 233 F.3d 871, 876 (5th Cir. 2000)).
      To determine whether parties should be compelled to arbitrate a dispute,
courts perform a two-step inquiry. Banc One Acceptance Corp. v. Hill, 367 F.3d
426, 429 (5th Cir. 2004). “First, the court must determine whether the parties
agreed to arbitrate the dispute. Once the court finds that the parties agreed to
arbitrate, it must consider whether any federal statute or policy renders the
claims non-arbitrable.” Id. (quoting R.M. Perez & Assocs., Inc. v. Welch, 960 F.2d

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534, 538 (5th Cir. 1992)). The first inquiry requires consideration of two issues:
(1) whether there is a valid agreement to arbitrate between the parties; and
(2) whether the dispute in question falls within the scope of that arbitration
agreement. Id. (emphasis added) (citing Webb v. Investacorp, Inc., 89 F.3d 252,
258 (5th Cir. 1996)). Under this rubric, Etheredge argues that discovery was
necessary to prove the existence of a valid agreement to arbitrate between
himself and Ameriprise. We disagree.
       In his requests for discovery in the district court, Etheredge contended
that he should be permitted to conduct discovery “in order to obtain information
in support of his claim that the subject arbitration clause is invalid” due to fraud
in the factum, fraud in the inducement, lack of mutuality, and unconscionability.
However, Etheredge never suggested what evidence relevant to these defenses
he suspected to find through discovery. Indeed, the only specific discovery
request that Etheredge submitted to the district court was for a handwriting
analysis. He maintained that a handwriting analysis was necessary because he
did not “recall” signing or executing the document. However, as the district
court noted in its first order denying the discovery request, Etheredge never
denied that the signatures on the IRA Application or the Service Agreement
were his own.2 Nor did he even suggest circumstances which might lead one to
doubt that those signatures were his, such as forgery by Ameriprise or one of its
brokers.    Moreover, because the documents in question were attached to
Ameriprise’s complaint, Etheredge was in possession of these documents at least
two months prior to his response to the motion to compel. If in fact Etheredge
questioned whether the signatures were his own, nothing precluded him from




       2
          It is telling that even after the district court pointed out in its first order that
Etheredge did not deny signing the documents in question, Etheredge merely asserted in his
affidavit attached to his supplemental response that he did not “recall” signing the documents.

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going forward with the handwriting analysis.3 Thus, under these circumstances,
the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Etheredge’s requests for
discovery prior to granting Ameriprise’s motion to compel arbitration. See Moses
H. Cone Mem’l Hosp. v. Mercury Const. Corp., 460 U.S. 1, 22 (1983) (providing
that in determining whether to compel arbitration, the FAA requires “an
expeditious and summary hearing, with only restricted inquiry into factual
issues.”).
                                   III. CONCLUSION
       For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the orders of the district court
denying the requests for discovery and compelling arbitration.




       3
        Etheredge responds in his reply brief that, according to the Code of Ethics for
Graphologists, when a graphologist is giving an opinion based upon an examination of a
photocopy of a document, his opinion is to be qualified as such, until examination of an original
can be made. Thus, according to Etheredge, discovery was necessary to obtain the original
documents in question. Because Etheredge did not base his request for discovery in the district
court on this “originals versus photocopies” distinction, we do not consider it now in
determining whether the district court abused its discretion in denying the discovery request.
See Langhoff Props., L.L.C. v. B.P. Prods. N. Am., 519 F.3d 256, 261 n.12 (5th Cir. 2008)
(“Generally, arguments not raised in the district court are waived [on appeal].”).

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