                   IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 16-1997
                               Filed May 17, 2017


SAO MANSARAY,
     Plaintiff-Appellant,

vs.

ANGELINE NAYOU,
     Defendant-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________


      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Dallas County, Gregory A. Hulse,

Judge.




      A father appeals the visitation schedule set by the district court in its order

concerning custody, arguing the court should have followed the parties’

agreement. AFFIRMED.




      Mark A. Simons of Simons Law Firm, PLC, West Des Moines, for

appellant.

      Robb D. Goedicke of Cooper, Goedicke, Reimer, & Reese, PC, West Des

Moines, for appellee.




      Considered by Vogel, P.J., and Doyle and McDonald, JJ.
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DOYLE, Judge.

       Angeline Nayou is the mother and Sao Mansaray is the father of three

minor children. Following a trial in August 2016, the district court entered its

custody order placing the parties’ children in Angeline’s physical care. The order

set forth a visitation schedule the court found would assure the children continue

to have maximum physical and emotional contact with both parents while

providing the children stability in their lives. In so finding, the court did not follow

the parties’ agreement concerning a summer-visitation schedule, which

essentially provided the parties would have joint physical care of the children

during the children’s summer break.

       Sao now appeals the decree’s visitation schedule, asserting “the district

court erred in refusing to accept the parties’ pretrial stipulation regarding their

summer schedule” and “in reducing Sao’s regular visitation.” He notes that the

district court, in going against the stipulation, cited the parties’ strained and

ineffective communication, but he argues he and Angeline have, “on several

occasions, agreed to and abided by a joint physical care parenting schedule.”

He also claims the district court’s concern “about a domestic violence incident

that occurred in 2008 . . . should not be determinative of what is in the children’s

best interest in light of all [the] other factors.”

       We review the reasonableness of the district court’s visitation award de

novo. See Callender v. Skiles, 623 N.W.2d 852, 854 (Iowa 2001); see also Iowa

R. App. P. 6.907. However, we recognize that the district court was able to listen

to and observe the parties and witnesses. See McKee v. Dicus, 785 N.W.2d

733, 736 (Iowa Ct. App. 2010). We therefore give considerable weight to the
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court’s findings of fact, but we are not bound by them.        See Callender, 623

N.W.2d at 856.

       “In child custody cases, the best interests of the [children] is the first and

governing consideration.” Yarolem v. Ledford, 529 N.W.2d 297, 298 (Iowa Ct.

App. 1994).      Generally, the children’s best interests are served by liberal

visitation. See In re Marriage of Stepp, 485 N.W.2d 846, 849 (Iowa Ct. App.

1992). Although Iowa Code section 598.41(1)(a) (2016) directs courts to reach a

custody determination with liberal visitation that “will assure the child the

opportunity for the maximum continuing physical and emotional contact with both

parents,” that directive is in the context of what “is reasonable and in the best

interest of the [children].” See also Callender, 623 N.W.2d at 855-56.

       Upon considering the factors enumerated in Iowa Code section 598.41, as

well as other nonexclusive factors enumerated in In re Marriage of Winter, 223

N.W.2d 165, 166-67 (Iowa 1974), see In re Marriage of Hansen, 733 N.W.2d

683, 696 (Iowa 2007); Callender, 623 N.W.2d at 856, we affirm the district court’s

visitation schedule. Here, the district court explicitly found Sao was less credible

than Angeline. The court’s order noted Angeline also testified to another, more

recent incident of domestic violence between the parties, not just the criminal

incident in 2008. In addition to domestic violence by Sao, the record supports

the district court’s determination that Sao provided minimal assistance in the

children’s care and support.         These factors, along with the strained

communication between the parties—including communication of medical

issues—support the court’s determination that a more limited visitation schedule

was in the children’s best interests. We note the visitation schedule set forth in
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the order is the minimum period of visitation allowed; the parties may agree to a

more expansive visitation schedule and are expected to actively encourage

positive relations between the other parent and the children. See In re Marriage

of Toedter, 473 N.W.2d 233, 235 (Iowa. Ct. App. 1991). Because we believe the

visitation schedule entered by the court is in the children’s best interests, we

affirm the visitation awarded by the district court.

       Angeline requests appellate attorney fees. Whether to award appellate

attorney fees is within our discretion. See Markey v. Carney, 705 N.W.2d 13, 26-

27 (Iowa 2005).       An award of appellate attorney fees depends on three

factors: (1) the needs of the party making the request, (2) the ability of the other

party to pay, and (3) whether the party making the request was obligated to

defend the trial court’s decision on appeal. Id. After considering the appropriate

factors, we award Angeline appellate attorney fees of $900. Any costs on appeal

are assessed to Sao.

       AFFIRMED.
