       Third District Court of Appeal
                               State of Florida

                            Opinion filed June 3, 2015.
         Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.

                               ________________

                                No. 3D14-794
                         Lower Tribunal No. 10-43079
                             ________________


                          Mirta Moradiellos, etc.,
                                    Appellant,

                                        vs.

             Community Asphalt Corporation, Inc., etc.,
                                    Appellee.


      An Appeal from the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Rosa I.
Rodriguez, Judge.

      Diaz Reus & Targ, LLP, and Juan Ramirez, Jr.; Alan Goldfarb, P.A., and
Alan Goldfarb and Liah Catanese, for appellant.

      Marlow, Adler, Abrams, Newman & Lewis, and Rosemary Wilder, for
appellee.


Before SALTER, EMAS, and LOGUE, JJ.

     LOGUE, J.
      Arturo Moradiellos was killed while working on the Florida Turnpike as an

asphalt surveyor. At the time of the accident, Mr. Moradiellos was employed by

the Community Asphalt Corp. (“Contractor”), who served as the general contractor

on the project. His wife, Mirta Moradiellos, both in her individual capacity, and as

the personal representative of the estate of Arturo Moradiellos (jointly “the

Estate”), sued the Contractor and others. The Contractor moved for summary

judgment on the basis of Worker’s Compensation immunity. The trial court

granted the motion and entered judgment for the Contractor. The Estate appealed.

We affirm.

                 FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

      The project on which Mr. Moradiellos was killed entailed the widening of

the Turnpike from north of Sunrise Boulevard to Atlantic Boulevard, a distance

approximately 17 miles in length. Mr. Moradiellos worked as a surveyor who

determined where road surface markings and traffic lines should be painted once

the asphalt was laid down. He worked at night. On the night of the accident, the

Contractor provided Mr. Moradiellos’ survey crew with a rack of portable lights,

which were transported along the project site on a pick-up truck. At the time of the

accident, however, Mr. Moradiellos was approximately 600-700 feet away from

the truck with the portable lights. He was under a deactivated “high mast” light and

working with a flashlight and headlamp.


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      Shortly before the accident occurred, the dump truck that struck and killed

him was stationed a mile north of Mr. Moradiellos, also in the north bound lanes.

The driver was told to take the truck to the same area where Mr. Moradiellos was

working. He was specifically instructed to take the southbound lanes south below

the work site and approach the work area driving north on the northbound lanes.

Instead, he drove the truck backwards going south on the northbound lanes for

over a mile, without any outside assistance to guide him while operating in reverse,

even though doing so violated company policy. In the course of backing up, the

truck ran over and killed Mr. Moradiellos. Mr. Moradiellos was facing away from

the truck and speaking on the radio with his supervisor the moment of the accident.

He and the truck driver were unaware of each other’s presence and proximity.

      Following Mr. Moradiellos’ death, the Estate filed suit against multiple

parties involved on the project, including the Contractor. The Contractor moved for

summary judgment asserting that the suit was barred by worker’s compensation

immunity. Following a hearing, the trial court granted the motion and entered

judgment for the Contractor. The Estate appealed.

                                     ANALYSIS

      “Summary judgment is designed to test the sufficiency of the evidence to

determine if there is sufficient evidence at issue to justify a trial or formal hearing

on the issues raised in the pleadings.” Menendez v. W. Gables Rehab. Hosp., LLC,


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123 So. 3d 1178, 1180 (Fla. 3d DCA 2013) (quoting The Florida Bar v. Greene,

926 So. 2d 1195, 1200 (Fla. 2006)). It is proper only if there is no genuine issue of

material fact and if the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fla.

R. Civ. P. 1.510(c). The granting of summary judgment presents a pure issue of

law that is reviewed by the District Court of Appeal de novo. Greene, 926 So. 2d at

1200.

        The system of Workers’ Compensation is designed to “provide a strict

liability system of compensation for injured workers in which the worker receives

the guarantee of rapid compensation for work related injuries but in return is

precluded from bringing a common-law negligence action. The employer is

provided immunity from common law negligence suits by the employee.” Boston

v. Publix Super Mkts. Inc., 112 So. 3d 654, 656 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013). This

immunity, however, is subject to certain exceptions.

        The Estate filed suit against the Contractor under the exception for

intentional torts found in section 440.11(1)(b), Florida Statues (2009), which

allows for liability “[w]hen an employer commits an intentional tort that causes the

injury or death of the employee.” As we have previously held,

        The intentional tort exception to workers’ compensation immunity is
        applicable when the employee proves by clear and convincing
        evidence the following three elements:

           1. the employer engaged in conduct that the employer
              knew, based on similar accidents or on explicit warnings
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             specifically identifying a known danger, was virtually
             certain to result in injury or death to the employee; and

         2. the employee was not aware of the risk because the
            danger was not apparent; and

         3. the employer deliberately concealed or misrepresented
            the danger so as to prevent the employee from exercising
            informed judgment about whether to perform the work.

Figueroa v. Delant Const. Co., 118 So. 3d 272, 272 (Fla. 3d DCA 2013) (quoting

Boston, 112 So. 3d at 657-58); see also Gorham v. Zachry Indus., Inc., 105 So. 3d

629, 632-33 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013).

      Here, a trier of fact could not find, based on the undisputed facts in the

summary judgment record, that the General Contractor committed an intentional

tort that falls within this statutory exception to immunity. The facts do not reflect,

and cannot support a reasonable inference, that the Contractor was virtually certain

that its conduct would cause injury. For example, the record does not contain facts

that would support a finding that there were prior accidents of the kind that killed

Mr. Moradiellos. Nor does the record support a finding that there were any

“explicit warnings identifying a known danger” which “would thereby establish

that [the Contractor] engaged in conduct it knew was ‘virtually certain to result in

injury or death.’” Figueroa, 118 So. 2d at 273. Nor does the record contain facts

that would support a finding that “the employer deliberately concealed or

misrepresented the danger.” Id. In fact, the dump truck driver violated the


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Contractor’s safety policy and specific instructions to approach the work area

driving north on the northbound lanes. In this record, there are not sufficient facts

to justify a trial on the issue of whether the intentional tort exception applies. For

this reason, summary judgment was appropriate. Greene, 926 So.2d at 1200;

Vallejos v. Lan Cargo, S.A., 116 So. 3d 545 (Fla. 3d DCA 2013); Boston, 112 So.

3d at 657.

      Affirmed.




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