                   IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                  No. 16-1321
                              Filed June 7, 2017


IN RE THE MARRIAGE OF NICOLE MARIE FLUENT
AND GRANT JEROME FLUENT

Upon the Petition of
NICOLE MARIE FLUENT,
      Petitioner-Appellant,

And Concerning
GRANT JEROME FLUENT,
     Respondent-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________


      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Woodbury County, Edward A.

Jacobson, Judge.



      Nicole Marie Fluent appeals the decree dissolving her marriage to Grant

Jerome Fluent. AFFIRMED AS MODIFIED.




      Tara S. Vonnahme of Vonnahme Law, P.C., Sioux City, for appellant.

      Theodore E. Karpuk of Law Office of Theodore E. Karpuk, Sioux City, for

appellee.



      Considered by Mullins, P.J., and Bower and McDonald, JJ.
                                            2


MULLINS, Presiding Judge.

         Nicole Marie Fluent appeals the decree dissolving her marriage to Grant

Jerome Fluent. We affirm as modified.

         I.     Background Facts and Proceedings

         Nicole and Grant were married in August 2009. In November 2015, Nicole

filed a petition for dissolution.     Prior to trial, the parties executed a pretrial

stipulation that resolved most issues between them, except for the division of the

portion of Grant’s retirement account earned during the marriage—sums totaling

approximately $125,000. Nicole requested an equalization payment from the

account in the amount of approximately $46,500.1 Grant requested the entirety

of the account, in part as a set aside to him for a $74,000 inheritance he had

received during the marriage from his mother’s estate and certain premarital

money he brought into the marriage. In its decree, the district court adopted the

pretrial stipulation and granted the requested set aside but ordered Grant to pay

Nicole $13,000 from the retirement account or some other source to do equity

between the parties. The district court stated the set aside was for both inherited

and premarital property. Nicole appeals.

         II.    Scope and Standard of Review

         We review cases tried in equity, such as dissolution cases, de novo. Iowa

R. App. P. 6.907; In re Marriage of Gust, 858 N.W.2d 402, 406 (Iowa 2015). We

give weight to the factual findings of the district court, especially when

considering the credibility of witnesses, but we are not bound by them. Iowa R.

App. P. 6.904(3)(g). Prior cases, though helpful, have little precedential value

1
    Nicole also requested an equalization payment on account of Grant’s lawn mower.
                                          3


because we must base our decision primarily on the particular circumstances of

the parties presently before us. In re Marriage of Weidner, 338 N.W.2d 351, 356

(Iowa 1983). We accord the trial court considerable latitude in making factual

determinations and will disturb the ruling only when there has been a failure to do

equity. Gust, 858 N.W.2d at 406.

       III.   Analysis

       On appeal, Nicole argues the district court abused its discretion in setting

aside any sums to Grant, as the inheritance money he received was not

traceable at the time of trial. Nicole does not identify what assets are at issue,

proffer a valuation for those assets, or otherwise indicate what sums she asks

this court award to her. Of note, while the parties dispute the equitability of

setting aside premarital property to Grant, the pretrial stipulation governed the

distribution of all of their premarital assets. Further, in its decree, the district

court does not specify what premarital property it set aside or the value it

attributed to premarital property. Upon our review of the record, the only property

clearly disputed by the parties at trial was the marital portion of Grant’s retirement

account and the proper treatment of the inheritance Grant received. This is the

dispute we address on appeal.

       Iowa Code section 598.21(6) (2015) provides:

              Property inherited by either party or gifts received by either
       party prior to or during the course of the marriage is the property of
       that party and is not subject to a property division . . . except upon a
       finding that refusal to divide the property is inequitable to the other
       party or to the children of the marriage.

       Nicole does not dispute that Grant’s mother intended the inheritance for

Grant alone. See In re Marriage of McDermott, 827 N.W.2d 671, 681-82 (Iowa
                                           4


2013) (considering whether the gifted and inherited property was intended for

both parties).   Instead, she argues the set aside was improper because the

money no longer exists and is not traceable to any asset held by the parties.

         On appeal, Grant does not identify any asset he seeks to be set apart to

him that exists as a direct result of the money he inherited. He makes no claim

that his inheritance was paid into his retirement account, which is the only asset

subject to the court’s distribution after adopting the parties’ pretrial stipulation. In

fact, there is no specific identification or itemization of where the inherited sums

went.2    See In re Marriage of Goodwin, 606 N.W.2d 315, 321 (Iowa 2000)

(setting aside to the wife “the identifiable assets purchased with the insurance

proceeds” she inherited); In re Marriage of Van Brocklin, 468 N.W.2d 40, 45

(Iowa Ct. App. 1991) (finding a factor mitigating against dividing the inherited

property was that “the inherited assets [we]re easily identified and were not

commingled with the marital assets”).

         To the contrary, Grant generally testified the money went to mortgage

payments and marital expenses.3          Beyond this vague testimony, Grant has


2
  Nicole states on appeal some of the inherited sums were used to purchase a lawn
mower that Grant valued at $1350 at trial.
3
  Specifically, Grant testified:
                Q. Okay. Now let’s move to the sale of the Martha Street house,
        the house that you had owned jointly with your mother and gave two-
        thirds of the proceeds to other relatives. A. Yes.
                Q. On the proceeds that you kept from the Martha Street house,
        can you identify specifically what on there [Form B, listing the parties’
        assets] has contributions from the proceeds of the Martha Street house?
        A. Most of it went towards the mortgage. . . . So any moneys that went
        into the checkbook were paid to household expenses related to the
        [marital] house.
        ....
                Q. Can you please take a moment and look through all of the
        exhibits that you brought to court today in preparation of trial and show
                                            5

provided no accounting for where or how the money was actually spent.4 See In

re Marriage of Nevins, No. 11-1541, 2012 WL 3590057, at *5 (Iowa Ct. App. Aug.

22, 2012) (setting apart only the $25,000 used as a down payment on a home

but “declin[ing] to set aside any additional amount attributable to appreciation or

interest because the evidence in the record does not provide a basis to calculate

which portion of those funds remain” and the party “provided no accounting for

how that money was spent”); In re Marriage of Edwards, No. 01-0430, 2002 WL

1331884, at *3 (Iowa Ct. App. June 19, 2002) (affirming the district court’s refusal

to grant a credit for certain gifted funds where the court could not ascertain the

intent of the donor, “no evidence” was provided regarding how the funds were

divided and expended, and the money was commingled with marital funds).

       Grant voluntarily used his inheritance for the benefit of himself and his

family, and there is no indication that any amount of that money remains. See

generally In re Marriage of Meek-Duncomb & Duncomb, No. 10-0814, 2011 WL

768831, at *6-7 (Iowa Ct. App. Mar. 7, 2011) (finding it inequitable to require the

husband to reimburse the wife the approximate $80,000 she received as an



       me where you can document any of those funds being contributed to any
       marital asset? A. I don’t think there’s anything in here that shows where
       the funds went. Like I said, they’re all in my checkbook statement. It also
       shows that it went toward household expenses, because I’ve bought
       nothing elaborate since we bought that house.
4
  Grant cites numerous cases in support of his claim that an offset from his retirement
account is warranted. Predominately, in these cases, the asset or amount sought to be
set aside is still identifiable or in existence. See, e.g., In re Marriage of Reynolds &
Dunlap, No. 12-1456, 2013 WL 1453250, at *1-2 (Iowa Ct. App. Apr. 10, 2013)
(addressing dispute where the money was used to purchase the marital home and the
disputed asset was the home); Goodwin, 606 N.W.2d at 321 (setting aside money
placed in an annuity, IRA, and directly applied to a mortgage); In re Marriage of Higgins,
507 N.W.2d 725, 726-27 (Iowa Ct. App. 1993) (setting aside $6388.82 placed in a credit
union account, minus withdrawals, and $11,000 in improvements made to the marital
home).
                                         6


inheritance and voluntarily spent on vacations and other family expenses, while

awarding certain expenditures that were traceable, such as a camper purchased

with inherited funds and awarded to the husband); In re Marriage of Soloski,

No. 05-0310, 2006 WL 623583, at *5 (Iowa Ct. App. Mar. 15, 2006) (including the

inherited and gifted property of the couple as marital sums where, in relevant

part, the money had been “commingled and used to support the parties’ family”).

This is not a circumstance where Nicole was uniquely benefitted by the

inheritance. See In re Marriage of Harberts, 492 N.W.2d 435, 437 (Iowa Ct. App.

1992) (affirming a reimbursement award for $2300 of gifted money to the wife

where the gift had been primarily spent for the benefit of the husband during an

approximate one-year marriage). Nor is this a circumstance where Nicole is

retaining some sort of good purchased with the money. See In re Marriage of

Passick, 375 N.W.2d 284, 285 (Iowa Ct. App. 1985) (finding the wife should be

refunded the $6000 of inherited monies she put into the husband’s chiropractic

business). The money was, instead, purportedly used to maintain the parties’

basic standard of living. See In re Marriage of Fall, 593 N.W.2d 164, 167 (Iowa

Ct. App. 1999) (noting, while setting aside the gifts and inheritances to the

husband, that “the gifts were generally put in savings and did not enhance the

couple’s standard of living” and other sums “remain[ed] undisturbed and [ha]d not

enhance[d] their standard of living”).

       Ultimately, Grant requests that we award him $74,000 worth of marital

funds from his retirement account for money he inherited and voluntarily spent

during the marriage, for the benefit of both himself and his family, without

providing any accounting for these expenditures or identifying any asset (beyond
                                          7


the marital home)5 into which the monies were allegedly spent. On these facts,

we find that allocating $74,000 of a marital asset solely to Grant would be

inequitable to Nicole. See Iowa Code § 598.21(6). Having found in our de novo

review that marital property should not be used to fund an inheritance set aside

to Grant, we must determine an equitable division of the property at issue. See

In re Marriage of Campbell, 623 N.W.2d 585, 586 (Iowa Ct. App. 2001) (“The

partners to a marriage are entitled to a just and equitable share of the property

accumulated through their joint efforts.”).

       Based on the values agreed to by the parties, Nicole received

approximately $79,581.406 pursuant to their stipulation.         She also accepted

responsibility for $27,639.57 in debt incurred during the marriage and $4510.11

predating the marriage. Nicole also left with $9160.62 in premarital monies in her

retirement account. Grant received approximately $53,510.027 pursuant to the

stipulation, plus the increase in his employee stock ownership plan (ESOP)

(Nicole valued the increase at $18,607 and Grant at $6890). Grant accepted

responsibility for $29,361.62 in debt incurred during the marriage. Grant also

retained premarital assets totaling $112,140.52.8 In its decree, the district court

did not address or resolve the disputed valuations of the parties’ property.


5
  The record reflects the sale of the marital home netted only $22,000. Accordingly,
insofar as Grant claims the entirety of his inheritance went to the marital home, only
$22,000 in value remained, and Grant received $11,000 per the parties’ agreement.
6
  The following marital assets are included: $76,494.13 (retirement account, or
$85,657.75 minus $9160.62), $1000 (bank account), and $2087.27 (equity in Nicole’s
car based on her valuation of the car, or $17,000 minus $14,912.72).
7
  The following marital assets are included: $50,510.02 (employee stock ownership plan,
or $76,953.06 minus $26,443.04), $1250 (equity in car), $750 (equity in car based on
Grant’s valuation), and $1000 (bank account).
8
  Grant had, before the marriage, $85,697.48 in his retirement account and $26,443.04
in his ESOP.
                                            8


Regardless, excluding premarital debts and assets assigned to each party by

agreement and other nominal or disputed sums,9 Nicole and Grant each had,

respectively, net awards of approximately $51,941.83 (not including the $12,000

Grant attributes to Nicole’s condominium on appeal) and $31,038.40 (not

including the additional $11,717 Nicole attributes to Grant’s ESOP or $4881 she

attributes to his life insurance policy).

       According to the district court’s order, Nicole requested approximately

$46,500 of the $125,000 in Grant’s retirement account accumulated during the

marriage. The district court awarded her $13,000. On appeal, Nicole makes no

specific request. We determine an award of the remaining $33,500 from her

requested sum is equitable. By awarding Nicole the full $46,500, the result is an

award of approximately $98,441.8310 to Nicole and $109,50011 to Grant.                In

addition, the parties are retaining premarital monies by agreement—Nicole in the

amount of $9160.62 and Grant in the amount of $112,140.52.                   See In re

Marriage of Miller, 552 N.W.2d 460, 465 (Iowa Ct. App. 1996) (noting “premarital

asset[s] [are] not otherwise set aside like gifted and inherited property” but are

rather “a factor to consider” when “making an overall division”). We find the


9
  These unaddressed sums include: each parties’ household furnishings (which had
generally comparable value), the disputed value of Grant’s life insurance (Nicole claimed
$5000; Grant claimed $118.60, stating a loan had been taken on the policy that left it
with only a nominal value), and the disputed value of the condominium Nicole purchased
after the parties separated (Nicole claimed $0; Grant claimed $13,000 at trial and
$12,000 on appeal). Additionally, each party received half of the proceeds obtained
from the sale of the parties’ marital home.
10
   We reach this number by combining the approximate $51,941.83 net award Nicole
received under the stipulation with the $46,500 she receives from the marital portion of
Grant’s retirement account.
11
   We reach this number by combining the approximate $31,038.40 net award Grant
received under the stipulation with his remaining portion of the retirement account,
$78,500.
                                          9


higher award to Grant is equitable in recognition that he did bring additional sums

to the marriage, a union that was of relatively short duration.12

       Unless the parties otherwise agree, within ninety days of issuance of the

procedendo in this case, Grant shall either (1) pay to Nicole the additional sum of

$33,500 or (2) at his expense, take all steps necessary to obtain a Qualified

Domestic Relations Order that shall award to Nicole said sum plus future

allocable income accumulations minus allocable losses or expenses until

distribution to Nicole pursuant to the retirement plan’s provisions.

       We do not disturb any other aspect of the district court’s decree.

       AFFIRMED AS MODIFIED.




12
  In reaching this outcome, we also considered Grant’s claim Nicole used $4000 of
marital sums for the down payment on her condominium, retained approximately $1000
of the parties’ tax refund, and received and retained an approximate $15,500 bonus in
February 2016 following her initiation of this action.
