[Cite as Panzica Constr. Co. v. Bridgeview Crossing, L.L.C., 2015-Ohio-3478.]


                   Court of Appeals of Ohio
                               EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                  COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

                              JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
                                      No. 102233


  PANZICA CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, ET AL.
                                                           PLAINTIFFS-APPELLEES

                                                     vs.

               BRIDGEVIEW CROSSING, L.L.C., ET AL.
                                                           DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES

               [Appeal By Garfield Hope Loan Acquisition, L.L.C.
                            Defendant-Appellant]


                               JUDGMENT:
                   AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART,
                             AND REMANDED


                                      Civil Appeal from the
                            Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                           Case Nos. CV-09-700759 and CV-09-709391

        BEFORE:           Stewart, J., E.A. Gallagher, P.J., and Laster Mays, J.

        RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: August 27, 2015
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS

William Joseph Baker
Kerin Lyn Kaminski
Giffen & Kaminski, L.L.C.
1300 East Ninth Street, Suite 1600
Cleveland, OH 44114

Charles A. Nemer
Robert T. Glickman
Susan C. Stone
McCarthy, Lebit, Crystal & Liffman Co., L.P.A.
101 West Prospect Avenue, Suite 1800
Cleveland, OH 44115


ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES

For Panzica Construction Company

Melissa A. Jones
Andrew J. Natale
Mark Rodio
Frantz Ward L.L.P.
200 Public Square, Suite 3000
Cleveland, OH 44114

For Bridgeview Crossing, et al.

Gerald W. Phillips
Phillips & Company, L.P.A.
P.O. Box 269
Avon Lake, OH 44012

James L. Allen
Miller, Canfield, Paddock & Stone, P.L.C.
840 West Long Lake Road, Suite 200
Troy, MI 48098
Paul E. Perry
Miller, Canfield, Paddock & Stone, P.L.C.
511 Walnut Street, 19th Floor
Cincinnati, OH 45202

Sam P. Cannata
30799 Pinetree Road, Suite 254
Pepper Pike, OH 44124

Megan B. Odell
Simon P.L.C.
37000 Woodward Avenue, Suite 250
Bloomfield Hills, MI 48304

Also listed:

For Aldi, Inc. Ohio

Ralph E. Dill
James B. Harris
Harris, McClellan, Binau & Cox, P.L.L.
37 West Broad Street, Suite 950
Columbus, OH 43215

For Doan Pyramid, L.L.C.

Charles A. LoPresti
1144 Haverston Road
Lyndhurst, OH 44124

For Kelly & Visconsi Associates, et al.

Mark E. Owens
Grubb & Associates, L.P.A.
437 West Lafayette Road, Suite 260-A
Medina, OH 44256

For State of Ohio

Amy Keller Kaufman
Assistant Attorney General
Collections Enforcement Section
150 East Gay Street, 21st Floor
Columbus, OH 43215

For Cuyahoga County Treasurer

Timothy J. McGinty
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor

Anthony J. Giunta
Justice Center, 9th Floor
Cleveland, OH 44113

For United States of America

James R. Bennett
U.S. Attorney’s Office
801 West Superior Avenue
400 United States Courthouse
Cleveland, OH 44113

For Third Federal Savings and Loan Association of Cleveland

Arthur J. Tassi
75 Public Square, Suite 1230
Cleveland, OH 44113

For Liberty Bank, N.A.

Jeffrey A. Brauer
Hahn, Loeser & Parks, L.L.P.
200 Public Square, Suite 2800
Cleveland, OH 44114

Emerald Group Credit Union
13201 Granger Road, Suite 1
Garfield Heights, OH 44125

Garfield Heights City School District
5640 Briarcliff Drive
Garfield Heights, OH 44125

Shoe Carnival
CT Corporation, Statutory Service Agent
1300 East Ninth Street, Suite 1010
Cleveland, OH 44113




MELODY J. STEWART, J.:

       {¶1} Defendant-appellant Garfield Hope Loan Acquisition, L.L.C.1 appeals from

the denial of its motion for summary judgment and the grant of summary judgment in

favor of plaintiff-appellee Panzica Construction Company in a lien priority dispute over

premises collectively known as the Bridgeview Crossing Retail Shopping Center. For

the reasons that follow, we reverse the grant of summary judgment in favor of Panzica,

affirm the denial of Garfield Hope’s motion for summary judgment, and remand to the

trial court for further proceedings.

       {¶2} In 2003, two developers, David B. Snider and Sam P. Cannata, sought to

develop a commercial shopping mall on an area of land (hereinafter “the project”) located

on Transportation Boulevard in the city of Garfield Heights. To effectuate the building

process, Snider and Cannata formed two business entities, Bridgeview Crossing, L.L.C.

(hereinafter “Bridgeview”) and Snider-Cannata Interests (hereinafter “SCI”).                    At all

times relevant to this appeal, Bridgeview was the owner of the project property.2


         Garfield Hope Loan Acquisition, L.L.C. is a party to this action through its purchase of
       1


Huntington Bank’s mortgage on Bridgeview Crossing’s property.

          According to an affidavit for mechanic’s lien filed by Panzica, Bridgeview is the title owner
       2


of the real property as well as any buildings, structures, utilities and improvements that comprised the
project. The parties do not dispute this on appeal.
           {¶3} On September 29, 2006, SCI entered into an contract with Panzica for

construction management of the project. The contract identified SCI, not Bridgeview, as

the owner of the project property. However, on October 2, 2008 the contract was

amended by the parties to include Bridgeview as joint owner of the project with SCI.3

The amendment states “this amendment is required to add Bridgeview Crossing, L.L.C. to

the Contract since it was inadvertently omitted from the Contract form.”

           {¶4} Bridgeview entered into a construction loan agreement with Huntington

National Bank, whereby Huntington agreed to loan Bridgeview $25 million to finance the

project. The parties also entered into an agreement for a standby letter of credit in the

amount of $5 million.4 To secure the loans, Huntington and Bridgeview executed an

open-end mortgage on the project property described in an exhibit (Exhibit A) attached to

the mortgage agreement. Because the nature of the project required Bridgeview to later


           Although both Panzica and Garfield Hope admit on appeal that Bridgeview was at all
           3


relevant times the owner of the project property, the contract amendment states that Bridgeview and
SCI are “joint owners” of the project. The amendment was signed by Sam P. Cannata, on behalf of
Bridgeview Crossing, L.L.C. and Snider-Cannata Interests, L.L.C., in his capacity as “managing
member” for both limited liability companies. The amendment also shows that a person with the
initials SPC (presumably Sam P. Cannata) attempted to unilaterally change the amendment 12 days
later. SPC crossed out the amendment that stated that Snider-Cannata was a joint owner, and wrote
that Bridgeview was the owner of the project. SPC also crossed out Sam P. Cannata’s signature as
managing member of Snider-Cannata. The record further reflects that Panzica wrote to Sam P.
Cannata, in his capacity as managing member for both Snider-Cannata and Bridgeview, stating that
Panzica did not accept the unilateral changes that attempted to delete all references to Snider-Cannata
in the agreed upon amendment to the contract. We further note that Panzica’s affidavit for
mechanic’s lien and amended affidavit filed October 14, 2008, and December 12, 2008, respectively,
state that Bridgeview is the owner of the project and that Snider-Cannata is the owner’s agent.

               Subsequent modifications to the mortgage increased the line of available credit to $47
           4


million.
acquire certain additional residential property near the parcel described in Exhibit A, the

mortgage agreement also contained a clause stating that the parties agree that any future

acquired property is to become part of the original mortgage. The clause states:

       Borrower and Lender acknowledge and agree that Borrower will be

       acquiring additional property, including that property which may be in

       right-of-ways to be vacated * * * which will be part of the Project (as

       defined by the Loan Agreement) and that upon the acquisition of any such

       Additional Property, Borrower shall execute an amendment to this

       Instrument encumbering such Additional Property, which Additional

       Property will then be deemed as part of the “Property,” secured by this

       Instrument.     Additional Property shall be subject to all of the terms,

       obligations and conditions set forth in this Mortgage.

Huntington recorded the mortgage on November 22, 2006. On December 12, 2006,

Panzica began its first visible work on the project.

       {¶5} As planned, Bridgeview purchased additional parcels for the project. In

conjunction with these purchases, Bridgeview and Huntington executed several mortgage

modifications. Huntington recorded the first modification on December 22, 2006, and the

last on October 12, 2007.5 Each modification described the newly acquired parcels and

each contained the following clauses:


          This time frame reflects only the mortgage modifications that added real property and are
       5


the subject of this dispute.
      Borrower is acquiring certain additional real property (“Additional
      Property”) which is part of the Property, as defined in the Loan Agreement,
      and which Borrower is obligated under the terms of the Loan Agreement to
      subject to the lien created by the Mortgage and other applicable Loan
      Documents.

                                          ***

      The real property described on Exhibit A to the Mortgage, Assignment and
      Indemnity Agreement is hereby amended to also include the Additional
      Property, as described on Exhibit A attached hereto and incorporated by
      reference herein.

                                          ***

      Except as amended and modified hereby, the provision of the Loan

      Documents remain in full force and effect and are binding upon and shall

      inure to the benefit of the parties hereto * * *. Nothing in this Agreement

      shall affect or impair the liens or priority of the Loan Documents at their

      inception or the rights and remedies that Lender may have thereunder.

      {¶6} Panzica was not paid for certain work done on the project, and on October 14,

2008, Panzica filed an affidavit for a mechanic’s lien on the project. The affidavit stated

that Panzica was owed $6,232,541.00 plus interest from the owner, Bridgeview, and its

agent, SCI. The affidavit stated that Panzica began working on the project December 12,

2006, and finished on September 16, 2008. Later, Panzica filed a second affidavit for a

mechanic’s lien on the project, amending the amount to $9,138,868.00 plus interest and

amended the last date of work to October 21, 2008.

      {¶7} Bridgeview defaulted on its loan agreement with Huntington and Huntington

won a judgment against Bridgeview in the amount of $29,348,397.05. Huntington also
obtained an additional judgment against Bridgeview for $6,457,621.00, plus interest, on a

related loan. Huntingon filed its judgment liens and they continue to constitute valid and

existing liens on the property.

       {¶8} SCI also filed an affidavit of mechanic’s lien against the project in the

amount of $1,621,047.32. The lien affidavit averred that SCI conducted valuable work

on the project for which it was not paid and that it commenced work on June 22, 2006,

and concluded work on December 5, 2008.

       {¶9} In August 2009, Panzica filed a complaint against Bridgeview and SCI

seeking to foreclose on its mechanic’s lien. 6 The complaint also brought claims for

breach of contract, and unjust enrichment against SCI and Bridgeview, and asked for a

declaratory judgment on the validity of its mechanic’s lien and the invalidity of SCI’s
                    7
mechanic’s lien.        Panzica named Huntington as a party defendant because of

Huntington’s judgment liens on the project property.                   Huntington answered the

complaint asserting that its mortgage had priority over Panzica’s lien. Huntington then


        A subcontractor, Independence Excavation, Inc., was also a party plaintiff to the lawsuit, but
       6


voluntarily dismissed its claims soon after the suit was filed. The complaint also named the
following additional defendants as having a potential interest in the project property: Huntington
National Bank, Shoe Carnival, Inc., Aldi, Inc. (Ohio), 96th Street Development, L.L.C., Kelly &
Visconsi Associates, L.L.C., Doan Pyramid, L.L.C., Bridgeview Center South, L.L.C., Third Federal
Savings and Loan Association of Cleveland, Garfield Heights Employees’ Credit Union, Inc., Garfield
Heights City School District, the State of Ohio, the United States of America, and James Rokakis, the
Cuyahoga County Treasurer.

         The declaratory judgment also states at paragraph 93 that “Panzica is entitled to have
       7


Bridgeview Center South, L.L.C.’s mortgage lien declared a valid and subsisting lien against the
Property as of April 17, 2009.” It is unclear to us what or who Bridgeview Center South, L.L.C. is
and how it is related to the parties involved in this case.
sought foreclosure on its mortgage. SCI filed a cross-claim against Bridgeview seeking

to foreclose on its lien.

       {¶10} On December 30, 2010, Garfield Hope purchased and acquired through

assignment, Huntington’s right, title, and interest in the loan, original mortgage,

modifications, leases, and rents. Garfield Hope was later substituted for Huntington as

the proper party in this action.

       {¶11} Following discovery, Panzica filed a motion for summary judgment. In its

motion, Panzica argued that, although its lien was second in priority to Garfield Hope’s

lien on the property described in Exhibit A attached to the original mortgage, its lien had

priority over the liens on the property listed in the modifications because they were

recorded after Panzica began work on the property.

       {¶12} Garfield Hope opposed Panzica’s motion and also filed a motion for

summary judgment. Both the opposition and the motion asserted that it had priority over

Panzica’s mechanic’s lien on the property in the modifications for four reasons: 1) the

mortgage is an “open-end mortgage” and the modifications relate back to the date of the

original mortgage; 2) the original mortgage was a construction mortgage and the

modifications relate back to the date of the original mortgage; 3) Panzica failed to secure

its priority by failing to file a notice of furnishing because it was not in privity of contract

with Bridgeview, the project’s owner; and 4) Panzica executed certain lien waivers that

had the effect of forfeiting its rights against the property. Garfield Hope also argued that
because its mortgage and modifications have construction mortgage status, they have

priority over SCI’s mechanic’s lien.

       {¶13} Panzica filed a reply in support of its motion for summary judgment and

opposed Garfield Hope’s motion for summary judgment.                In its reply/brief in

opposition, it argued that it had no statutory obligation to issue a notice of furnishing

because it was the original contractor on the project, and that it was in direct privity of

contract with Bridgview through its agent, SCI. Panzica also argued that it had superior

and first priority on the additional property added through the mortgage modifications

because the modifications took effect as of the day they were recorded and could not

relate back to the date of the original mortgage. Lastly, while Panzica admitted that it

executed certain lien and claim waivers in connection with its work on the project, it

argued that those waivers only released its claims for amounts already paid to it and were

not full and final waivers for Panzica’s complete work on the project.

       {¶14} In its journal entry granting Panzica’s motion for summary judgment and

denying Garfield Hope’s, the trial court adopted Panzica’s argument that the mortgage

modifications were junior to the mechanic’s lien because they added significant real

property and did not include a construction mortgage covenant.           The court did not

discuss any of the other arguments raised in the motions for summary judgment, including

Garfield Hope’s arguments regarding Panzica’s failure to timely file a notice of

furnishing and the execution of lien waivers.
       {¶15} On appeal, Garfield Hope contends that the trial court erred in denying its

motion for summary judgment for the following reasons: 1) that its mortgage lien was

superior in priority because it arose from a construction mortgage as defined in R.C.

1311.14; 2) that its mortgage lien was superior in priority because it arose from an

open-end mortgage as defined in R.C. 5301.232; 3) that its mortgage was entitled to

superior priority because the modifications were specifically contemplated by the terms of

the original mortgage and related back to the date of the mortgage; 4) that Panzica did not

have superior priority because it executed lien waivers for all work performed prior to

October 31, 2007; and 5) that Panzica failed to establish its priority because it failed to

comply with the mechanic’s lien statute that required it to file a notice of furnishing

within 21 days of the recording of the notice of commencement.

                                       Jurisdiction

       {¶16} Before addressing the merits of the appeal, we note what initially appears to

be a jurisdictional impediment to our review. See Kohout v. Church of St. Rocco Corp.,

8th Dist Cuyahoga No. 88969, 2008-Ohio-1819, ¶ 4 (explaining that although not raised

by the parties, appellate courts must address the issue of jurisdiction when it appears

uncertain).

       {¶17} In Count 6 of its complaint, Panzica sought a declaratory judgment asking

the court to declare SCI’s mechanic’s lien invalid, and to declare Panzica’s mechanic’s

lien valid against the property in the amount $9,138,868.00, and that its lien be

foreclosed.   As previously noted, when the trial court ruled that the mortgage
modifications were junior to Panzica’s mechanic’s lien, the court did not address any

other argument raised in the summary judgment motions. However, the ruling on both

motions concluded by stating: “Panzica’s motion for summary judgment is granted on all

claims, counterclaims, and cross claims. Garfield Hope’s motion for summary judgment

is denied as to lien priority. No just reason for delay.”

       {¶18} This court has stated that “when a trial court enters a judgment in a

declaratory judgment action, the order must declare all parties’ rights and obligations in

order to constitute a final, appealable order.” Stiggers v. Erie Ins. Group, 8th Dist.

Cuyahoga No. 85418, 2005-Ohio-3434, ¶ 5; Klocker v. Zeiger, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.

92044, 2009-Ohio-3102, ¶ 13.

       As a general rule, a trial court does not fulfill its function in a declaratory

       judgment action when it fails to construe the documents at issue. Hence the

       entry of a judgment in favor of one party or the other, without further

       explanation, is jurisdictionally insufficient; it does not qualify as a final

       order.

Highlands Business Park, L.L.C. v. Grubb & Ellis Co., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 85225,

2005-Ohio-3139, ¶ 23.

       {¶19} Here, the trial court rendered a judgment in favor of Panzica without

declaring whether Panzica’s lien was valid and SCI’s invalid. Therefore, on its face, the

judgment appears to be jurisdictionally deficient. However, the court could not have

rendered a judgment in favor of Panzica on all of its claims, counterclaims, and
cross-claims without having found that Panzica’s lien was a valid lien against the property

as sought in its declaratory judgment claim. Further, the court explicitly stated that all of

Panzica’s claims were granted. So even though the court did not specifically declare the

parties’ rights, we read the trial court’s entry as granting Panzica’s request to have its lien

declared valid, and SCI’s lien declared invalid.          Accordingly, we find that the trial

court’s order is final and appealable. See TCIF REO GCM, L.L.C. v. Natl. City Bank, 8th

Dist. Cuyahoga No. 92447, 2009-Ohio-4040, ¶ 12 (a judgment that determines priority of

liens is a final appealable order).8

                            Validity of Panzica’s Mechanic’s Lien

       {¶20} For ease of discussion, we begin our analysis by addressing Garfield Hope’s

argument that Panzica wholly and unconditionally waived its lien rights over the property

contained in the mortgage modifications because the lien waiver argument goes straight

to the validity of Panzica’s mechanic’s lien.          Garfield Hope maintains that Panzica

waived its priority over the mortgage modifications because it executed lien waivers for

its work performed up to October 31, 2007. After reviewing the lien waivers in their

entirety, we find that there remains a genuine issue of material fact as to whether Panzica

did in fact unconditionally waive its lien rights.




           We note, however, that a court must first determine the validity of a lien before
       8


determining its priority, otherwise the order is interlocutory. See Goodman v. Schneider, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 96883, 2012-Ohio-5411, ¶ 23 (dismissing appeal for lack of a final appealable order
where the trial court explicitly reserves ruling on lien validity after determining lien priority).
      {¶21} Panzica executed 12 different lien waivers between the dates of January 9,

2007, and October 31, 2007. All lien waivers were signed by a duly authorized agent of

Panzica and notarized. Garfield Hope claims that each and every lien waiver states:

      [Panzica] * * * does hereby waive and release any and all lien or claim of,
      or right to, lien, under the statutes of the state of Ohio relating to
      mechanic’s liens, with respect to and on said above-described premises, and
      the improvements thereon, and on the material, fixtures, apparatus or
      machinery furnished, and on the monies, funds or other considerations due
      or to become due from the owner, on account of labor, services, material,
      fixtures, apparatus or machinery heretofore furnished, or which may be
      furnished at any time hereafter, by the undersigned for the above-described
      premises.

Thus, according to Garfield Hope, the plain language of the statement establishes that

Panzica waived its lien rights to all payments due or to become due from the owner for its

work on the project.

      {¶22} A review of the 12 waivers shows that only one waiver contains the above

statement — the waiver dated February 20, 2007. That waiver is on blank letterhead and

contains the conspicuous wording “partial lien waiver” at the top of the document. It

also contains a payment amount of $236,333.70, stated as consideration for the waiver.

The waiver further acknowledges receipt of payment.

      {¶23} All of the other lien waivers, with the exception of two dated April 3, 2007,

and April 11, 2007, do not contain the above language but rather provide:

      [T]he undersigned [Panzica] does waive and release any and all claims and
      lien rights for and in connection with the above described project for said
      labor performed and materials furnished.
These waivers are on Panzica letterhead and do not indicate an amount of money received

as consideration for the waiver, but rather each states a different amount of money that is

the “balance due and owing” for all labor performed and materials furnished.

       {¶24} The two waivers dated April 3, 2007, and April 11, 2007, similar to the

waiver dated February 20, 2007, are also on blank letterhead. Each waiver conspicuously

states at the top that it is an “unconditional, partial waiver of mechanic’s lien,” and that it

is a “progress payment.”

       {¶25} The April 3 waiver states:

       [Panzica], in consideration of the sum of $100,283.40 the receipt of which
       is hereby acknowledged, subject to the reservations contained herein below,
       does hereby waive, release and relinquish any and all liens and claims for
       liens for labor or work performed and/or materials furnished to Bridgeview
       Crossing for premises located at Bridgeview Crossing at the Northwest
       quadrant of I-480 and Transportation Boulevard through the 28th day of
       March, 2007.

       Additionally, nothing in this Partial Waiver of Mechanic’s Lien shall in any

       way affect the priority of any lien filed after the date hereof. Further,

       [Panzica] specifically reserves all lien rights for labor or work performed

       and/or material furnished after the 25th day of March, 2007 on or to the

       above referenced project.

       {¶26} The April 11 waiver states:

       [Panzica], in consideration of the sum of $17,730.00 the receipt of which is
       hereby acknowledged, subject to the reservations contained herein below,
       does hereby waive, release and relinquish any and all liens and claims for
       liens for labor or work performed and/or materials furnished to Bridgeview
       Crossing for premises located at Bridgeview Crossing at the Northwest
       quadrant of I-480 and Transportation Boulevard through April 11, 2007.
       Additionally, nothing in this Partial Waiver of Mechanic’s Lien shall in any

       way affect the priority of any lien filed after the date hereof. Further,

       [Panzica] specifically reserves all lien rights for labor or work performed

       and/or material furnished after the [sic] April 11, 2007 on or to the above

       referenced project.

       {¶27} The February 20, 2007 lien waiver appears to be a full waiver of claims to

work done on the property because it states that Panzica is waiving all claims to

mechanic’s liens on the property for work previously furnished or to become furnished in

the future, in consideration of a sum it acknowledges was received. However, we find

that other language contained in the waiver creates ambiguity as to the parties’ intent.

While the body of the waiver purports to be an unconditional and total waiver of liens, the

conspicuous language at the top of the form indicates that it is a “partial lien” waiver.

When contracts are entered into between parties of equal bargaining power and are

ambiguous in their interpretation, any ambiguity is construed in favor of the nondrafting

party against the drafter. Safeco Ins. Co. of Am. v. White, 122 Ohio St.3d 562,

2009-Ohio-3718, 913 N.E.2d 426, ¶ 18. In this case, the record on appeal is inconclusive

as to who drafted this particular waiver because it is transcribed on blank letterhead.9


          Panzica claims in its reply in support of its motion for summary judgment and opposition to
       9


Garfield Hope’s motion for summary judgment that it was Garfield Hope’s predecessor in interest,
Huntington, that drafted the waivers. This claim remains largely unsupported by any evidence in the
record beyond Panzica’s conclusory statements. Moreover, the deposition of William J. Davis, vice
president and senior project manager for Panzica, undermines the claim that all waivers were drafted
by Huntington. Davis testified that Panzica issued its standard lien waiver form with every payment
Therefore, there remains a genuine issue of material fact as to whether this waiver

represents a partial waiver of the amount indicated as consideration therein.

       {¶28} We do not find any ambiguity in the April 3, 2007 and April 11, 2007

waivers however. The language contained in the body of the waivers comports with the

plain language at the top of each document which states that each is an unconditional,

partial lien waiver on the property. The language of the waiver states that payment has

been received in consideration of waiver of all claims to the property up to their

respective specified dates of March 28, 2007, and April 11, 2007. Therefore, we find

that Panzica waived its lien claims against the project property for all amounts owed to it

for work performed prior to April 11, 2007.

       {¶29} Notwithstanding our determination that Panzica waived its lien rights over

the amounts that may have remained unpaid to it for work done before April 11, 2007, we

find that its priority date of December 12, 2006, (the first date of visible work on the

project) for subsequently filed mechanic’s liens, remains intact. The waiver specifically

states that nothing in the document should be construed to affect the priority date of any

subsequently filed mechanic’s lien. The mechanic’s lien statute states that regardless of

when work was performed, a lien against the property takes effect for priority purposes as


application. Tr. 232–233. However, when questioned about defense Exhibit 33C, which is the
unconditional, partial lien waiver executed on April 11, 2007, Davis stated, “I believe this is a
waiver provided by the bank.” Tr.237. Thus, from Davis’ deposition we are able to infer that some
of the waivers were drafted by Panzica, while others were drafted by additional parties, which might
include Huntington. On this limited evidence however, we cannot draw any conclusions as to who
drafted the February 20, 2007 waiver.
of the first date of visible work on the project. R.C. 1311.13(A)(1). Therefore, upon

remand, the court must consider how the partial waivers affect, if at all, the unpaid

amount stated in Panzica’s affidavit for mechanic’s lien, and whether the unpaid balance

is an accurate reflection of the amount owed on lienable work.10

       {¶30} As for the remainder of the lien waivers, we find that these were drafted by

Panzica because they appear on Panzica letterhead. We also find that the language of the

waiver only waives its claims to work performed for the amount of money specified as

due and owing therein. We believe that this is the only reasonable conclusion that can be

made considering that the lien waivers state that Panzica is waiving its rights in

connection with “said labor performed and materials furnished” (emphasis added), and

are accompanied by a detailed application for payment that provides the amount of the

current payment due, and the balance of payment owed. Thus, we find that the ordinary

meaning of the words contained in the instrument establish that the documents were lien

waivers over the amounts indicated therein and not total and unconditional lien waivers.

See M&T Elec. Co. v. LLLJ, Ltd., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99479, 2014-Ohio-5678, ¶ 31

(explaining that, “in general, common words appearing in a written instrument will be

given their ordinary meaning unless a manifest absurdity results, or unless some other

meaning is clearly evidenced from the face or overall contents of the instrument”).


          We note that although the trial court stated in its journal entry that Bridgeview admits that
       10


Panzica is undisputably owed $9,138,868.00 — the amount stated in the affidavit for mechanic’s lien
filed by Panzica — Garfield Hope has always disputed the accuracy of this amount on the grounds it
includes nonlienable work.
Therefore, upon remand, the court must also determine how these waivers affect, if at all,

the amount claimed in the affidavit for mechanic’s lien.

                                    Notice of Furnishing

       {¶31} Garfield Hope also argues that Panzica is not entitled to priority over the

mortgage modifications that were made subsequent to the filing of the notice of

commencement because Panzica was obligated to record a notice of furnishing within 21

days of Bridgeview’s recording of the notice of commencement. While Panzica did file

a notice of furnishing, it did not do so until over a year after the recording of the notice of

commencement.

       {¶32} In Ohio, owners who contract for improvements to their real property that

may give rise to a mechanic’s lien, must file a notice of commencement with the county

recorder in which the real property is located. The notice of commencement should be

filed prior to any performance of labor, or work, or furnishing of materials, for the

purpose of the improvement.          R.C. 1311.04(A).        The purpose of a notice of

commencement is to provide potential mechanic’s lien claimants with sufficient

information with which to assert their lien rights, and to establish relative priority. Arts

Rental Equip. v. Bear Creek Constr., L.L.C., Hamilton C.P. No. A0902785, 2011 Ohio

Misc. LEXIS 437, *18 (Aug. 10, 2011), citing Clinton Elec. & Plumbing Supply, Inc. v.

Airline Professionals Assn., Teamsters Local 1224, 12th Dist. Clinton No.

CA2005-08-016, 2006-Ohio-1274, ¶ 11; Accord Linworth Lumber Co. v. Z.L.H., Ltd.,

126 Ohio Misc.2d 56, 2003-Ohio-7322, 802 N.E.2d 736, ¶ 18 (C.P.), (stating, that the
“overriding purpose” of the notice of commencement is “to put subcontractors or

materialmen on notice of who the owner is and where the construction work is to be

done.”). Thus, the notice of commencement is less important for original contractors and

those entities in privity of contract with the owner of the premises, because they

presumably are aware of all of the relevant information necessary to assert their lien

rights.

          {¶33} With the filing of the notice of commencement comes the concomitant

requirement that subcontractors and material suppliers file a notice of furnishing in order

to preserve their lien rights. See R.C. 1311.05. The purpose of the notice of furnishing is

to avoid surprise liens to the project owner who might not otherwise be aware of a

subcontractors work on the project. See Linworth Lumber Co. v. Z.L.H., Ltd., 126 Ohio

Misc.2d 56, 2003-Ohio-7322, 802 N.E.2d 736, ¶ 16 (C.P.).               It follows that this

requirement does not apply to construction managers, or those entities otherwise in privity

of contract with the owner of the project, because the owner is presumably aware of those

entities with which it has entered into a contractual agreement. See id.

          {¶34} If an owner does not record a notice of commencement prior to the start of

work, then the original contractor may request, in writing, that the owner record a notice

of commencement and serve it on all of the various contractors and subcontractors. R.C.

1311.04(M)(1). If the owner fails to record a notice of commencement, or if a notice of

commencement is recorded but is materially deficient in some way, then a subcontractor

is not required to issue a notice of furnishing to preserve its lien rights. R.C. 1311.04(R).
 In the event that an owner does record a notice of commencement but does so after the

first work, labor, or material has been performed on, or furnished to, the improvement,

then subcontractors and material suppliers have 21 days after the notice of

commencement to file a notice of furnishing in order to perfect their liens, and they need

not serve a notice of furnishing to preserve lien rights for the period before the notice of

commencement is recorded. R.C. 1311.04(I).

       {¶35} Here, Garfield Hope’s argument that Panzica was required to timely record a

notice of furnishing relies exclusively on the assumption that Panzica was a

subcontractor, and not an original contractor and construction manager, to the project.

R.C. 1311.01 provides the following definitions:

       (D) “Subcontractor” includes any person who undertakes to construct,
       alter, erect, improve, repair, demolish, remove, dig, or drill any part of any
       improvement under a contract with any person other than the owner, part
       owner, or lessee.

       (E) “Original contractor,” except as otherwise provided in section
       1311.011 of the Revised Code, includes a construction manager and any
       person who undertakes to construct, alter, erect, improve, repair, demolish,
       remove, dig, or drill any part of any improvement under a contract with an
       owner, part owner, or lessee.

       (F) “Construction manager” means a person with substantial discretion
       and authority to manage or direct an improvement, provided that the person
       is in direct privity of contract with the owner, part owner, or lessee of the
       improvement.

       {¶36} For purposes of our analysis, the relevant difference between original

contractors, construction managers, and subcontractors, is that original contractors and

construction managers have contracted with the owner, part owner, or lessee of the
project directly. Original contractors and construction managers are not required to take

any further action prior to filing a mechanic’s lien affidavit in order to perfect their liens.

On the other hand, R.C. 1311.05(A) places an additional mandatory duty on

subcontractors to record a notice of furnishing within 21 days of the recording of a notice

of commencement to preserve lien rights.

       {¶37} In this case, Bridgeview filed the notice of commencement on October 3,

2007, at what appears to be the explicit request of Panzica.11 Panzica filed a notice of

furnishing on October 10, 2008.12 Garfield Hope argues that Panzica was not in privity

of contract with Bridgeview because SCI, not Bridgeview, was named as the owner of the

project in the contract dated September 29, 2006, which established that Panzica would

provide contract management for the project.

       {¶38} Although it is true that the original contract names SCI as the owner of the

project, we nevertheless find that Bridgeview was a party to the contract from its

inception.      First, the original contract identifies Bridgeview’s address, 5595

Transportation Bouvlevard, as the owner’s address.                The contract also provides the

correct name and location of the project and its premises, which Bridgeview owns.

Further, the affidavit testimony of Sam P. Cannata establishes that SCI, Bridgeview, and


           On June 6, 2007, Panzica wrote to SCI requesting that the owner supply it with a copy of
       11


the notice of commencement, or if a notice of commencement had not yet been recorded, to record a
notice of commencement and thereafter supply it with a copy.

           Although Panzica maintains that as an original contractor and contract manager on the
       12


project it was not required to file a notice of furnishing, Panzica does not explain why it nevertheless
filed one.
Panzica all intended that Bridgeview be bound by the agreement, and that SCI was acting

as an agent on behalf of Bridgeview when it entered into the contract with Panzica. See

R.C. 1311.10(A) (stating that “[a]ny person who contracts for an improvement to real

property which gives rise to lien rights under sections 1311.01 to 1311.22 of the Revised

Code is presumed to be the authorized agent of all part owners of the real property * *

*.”). Lastly, the contract was amended on October 2, 2008, to include Bridgeview as a

joint owner of the project with SCI.

       {¶39} Moreover, proof of Bridgeview’s understanding that it was bound by the

contract is evidenced in the notice of commencement that was recorded more than a year

before the contract was amended. The notice of commencement states that Bridgeview

is the contracting party and the owner of the premises, and that Panzica was the original

contractor and construction manager of the project. The notice of commencement was

prepared by Sam P. Cannata as a member of Bridgeview.

       {¶40} Because Panzica, SCI, and Bridgeview all agree that Bridgeview was the

owner of the property, that Bridgeview at all times knew that Panzica was the contract

manager of the project, and the contract between the parties was later amended to reflect

Bridgeview’s ownership status, Panzica was not required to record a notice of furnishing.

 Our resolution of this issue is informed by the purpose the notice of commencement and

the notice of furnishing serves — to give subcontractors the relevant information they

need to file liens against the property and to protect owners from surprise liens against the
premises. As neither of those concerns apply to this case, Panzica’s lien rights do not fail

for failure to file a timely notice of furnishing.

                                       Priority of Liens

       {¶41} Garfield Hope next argues that its mortgage lien has first priority over all

other liens on the property described in Exhibit A attached to the original mortgage as

well as the property described in the mortgage modifications because the original

mortgage was a construction mortgage and an open-end mortgage and the priority date of

the modifications relate back to the recording date of the original mortgage. Further,

Garfield Hope argues that its lien has first priority on the property in the mortgage

modifications because the original mortgage put potential lien holders on notice that

additional property would be added to the security through modification, and the

modifications incorporate the necessary covenant language of R.C. 1311.14 by reference

to the original mortgage.

       {¶42} In general, a mechanic’s lien that is filed after the recording of a mortgage

for work done before a mortgage is filed has priority over the mortgage. R.C. 1311.13.

However, Ohio’s construction mortgage statute, R.C. 1311.14, gives mortgages that are in

compliance with the statute “super-priority” over mechanic’s liens that are filed after the

recording of the mortgage, but have an effective date prior to the recording of the

mortgage. Hence, the defining characteristic of a construction mortgage is that it is

awarded priority over mechanics liens that are filed after the recording of a mortgage,

regardless of when those liens may take effect. R.C. 1311.14 states in relevant part:
        Except as provided in this section, the lien of mortgage given in whole or in
        part to improve real estate, or to pay off prior encumbrances thereon, or
        both, the proceeds of which are actually used in the improvement in the
        manner contemplated in sections 1311.02 and 1311.03 of the Revised Code,
        or to pay off prior encumbrances, or both, and which mortgage contains
        therein the correct name and address of the mortgagee, together with a
        covenant between the mortgagor and mortgagee authorizing the mortgagee
        to do all things provided to be done by the mortgagee under this section,
        shall be prior to all mechanic’s, materialmen’s and similar liens and all liens
        provided for in this chapter that are filed for record after the improvement
        mortgage is filed for record, to the extent that the proceeds thereof are used
        and applied for the purposes of and pursuant to this section. Such
        mortgage is a lien on the premises therein described from the time it is filed
        for record for the full amount that is ultimately and actually paid out under
        the mortgage, regardless of the time when the money secured thereby is
        advanced.

(Emphasis added.)

        {¶43} Therefore, in order to have a valid construction mortgage the mortgagee

must ensure that the mortgage is given to improve real estate or pay off prior

encumbrances, the mortgage contains the correct name and address of the mortgagee, that

the mortgage contains a covenant between the mortgagor and mortgagee authorizing the

mortgagee to do all things provided to be done under the construction mortgage statute,

and that the proceeds of the loan were used and applied pursuant to the construction

mortgage statute.

        {¶44} Further, Ohio’s open-end mortgage statute, R.C. 5301.232 states in relevant

part:

        (A) Whether or not it secures any other debt or obligation, a mortgage may
        secure unpaid balances of loan advances made after the mortgage is
        delivered to the recorder for record, to the extent that the total unpaid loan
        indebtedness, exclusive of interest thereon, does not exceed the maximum
        amount of loan indebtedness which the mortgage states may be outstanding
      at any time. With respect to such unpaid balances, division (B) of this
      section is applicable if the mortgage states, in substance or effect, that the
      parties thereto intend that the mortgage shall secure the same, the maximum
      amount of unpaid loan indebtedness, exclusive of interest thereon, which
      may be outstanding at anytime, and contains at the beginning thereof the
      words “Open-end mortgage.”

      (B) A mortgage complying with division (A) of this section and securing
      unpaid balances of loan advances referred to in such division is a lien on the
      premises described therein from the time such mortgage is delivered to the
      recorder for record for the full amount of the total unpaid loan indebtedness,
      including the unpaid balances of such advances that are made under such
      mortgage, plus interest thereon, regardless of the time when such advances
      are made. If such an advance is made after the holder of the mortgage
      receives written notice of a lien or encumbrance on the mortgaged premises
      which is subordinate to the lien of the mortgage, and if such holder is not
      obligated to make such advance at the time such notice is received, then the
      lien of the mortgage for the unpaid balance of the advance so made is
      subordinate to such lien or encumbrance. If an advance is made after the
      holder of the mortgage receives written notice of work or labor performed
      or to be performed or machinery, material, or fuel furnished or to be
      furnished for the construction, alteration, repair, improvement,
      enhancement, or embellishment of any part of the mortgaged premises and
      if such holder is not obligated to make such advance at the time such notice
      is received, then the lien of the mortgage for the unpaid balance of the
      advance so made is subordinate to a valid mechanic’s lien for the work or
      labor actually performed or machinery, material, or fuel actually furnished
      as specified in such notice.

Thus, the hallmark of an open-end mortgage is it allows a borrower to go back to the

lender to borrow additional funds, up to, and including, a specified amount that is usually

set forth in the loan documentation. Those funds are secured by the collateral stated in

the loan and mortgage documents.
       {¶45} Panzica admits that the original mortgage filed on November, 22, 2006, was

both a construction mortgage under R.C. 1311.14,13 and an open-end mortgage under

R.C. 5301.232 because it met the requirements of both statutes. Therefore, Panzica does

not dispute that Garfield Hope’s lien has first priority on the property described in Exhibit

A of the original mortgage.        Panzica does contend, however, that Garfield Hope’s

mortgage lien does not have first priority on the land described in the mortgage

modifications because the modifications do not contain the required R.C. 1311.14

covenant, and thus are not construction mortgages in their own right. Panzica also

contends that the modifications do not relate back to the filing of the original mortgage

because amendments and modifications take effect on the date they are filed with the

recorder. Panzica maintains that the only way the modifications could have priority over

its mechanic’s lien is if they included the required construction mortgage covenant in

each modification.

                          Relation Back of Mortgage Modifications

       {¶46} The first question we consider is whether the modifications relate back to

November 22, 2006, the filing date of the original mortgage. We find that they do not.14


          The necessary covenant language is found at section 30 of the original mortgage entitled
       13


PRIORITY OF MORTGAGE LIEN. It states, “Lender, at Lender’s option, is authorized and
empowered to do all things provided to be done by a mortgagee under Section 1311.14 of the Revised
Code of Ohio, and any present or future amendments or supplements thereto, for the protection of
Lender’s interest in the premises.”

        Garfield Hope seems to argue that the mortgage modifications relate back
       14


simply by virtue of the original mortgage’s construction mortgage status and
open-end mortgage status. We can find no legal support for this argument. The
        {¶47} R.C. 5301.231 states in relevant part that, “[a]ll amendments or supplements

of mortgages, or modifications or extensions of mortgages * * * shall take effect at the

time that they are delivered to the recorder for record.” The mortgage modifications at

issue in this case were recorded on the following dates:15




construction mortgage statute, R.C. 1311.14, and the open-end mortgage statute,
R.C. 5301.232, say nothing about relation back for later acquired parcels. And
although we acknowledge that an open-end mortgage may give lenders first priority for
the money paid out in the loan disbursements, at least one court has found that it
does not allow lenders to secure additional collateral through mortgage
modification. See Efficient Air Inc. v. Qualstan Corp. (In re Qualstan Corp.),
302 B.R. 575, 579–582 (Bankr.S.D.Ohio 2003).

          We note from the record that these are the modifications that purport to add real property to
        15


the original mortgage. However there is some discrepancy between the parties regarding which
modifications they believe to be the subject of this appeal. Garfield Hope states in its brief that the
subject properties are those contained in modifications 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, and 12. Our review
of modification 11, recorded on September 24, 2007, appears to simply grant an extension of certain
due dates in the loan documents and modified other portions of the loan documents, but did not
purport to add any real property to the mortgage. Panzica’s brief does not state that the eleventh
loan modification added real property, rather it states that modifications 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, and
14 added real property. Our review of the fourteenth loan modification establishes that it replatted
property but did not add additional property to the mortgage. We note also that there are various
discrepancies over which modifications are at issue in both parties’ motions for summary judgment,
as well. Therefore on remand, the trial court must resolve these discrepancies and determine which
modifications are the subject of this dispute.
[Cite as Panzica Constr. Co. v. Bridgeview Crossing, L.L.C., 2015-Ohio-3478.]

                                Modification             Date Recorded
                                 Number
                                       1                    12/22/06
                                       2                    01/11/07
                                       3                    01/19/07
                                       4                    02/26/07
                                       5                    03/07/07
                                       6                    03/16/07
                                       7                    05/31/07
                                       9                    08/22/07
                                      12                    10/12/07


        {¶48} While the statute does not define the phrase “shall take effect,” we conclude,

based on our review of other similar statutes, that it means an amendment or a

modification is invalid as against other creditors until recorded and its priority is

determined as of the date of recording, not the date of the original mortgage.

        {¶49} Our conclusion on this issue is informed by a careful reading of R.C.

5301.23 and 1311.13. R.C. 5301.23(A) states:

        (A) All properly executed mortgages shall be recorded in the office of the
        county recorder of the county in which the mortgaged premises are situated
        and shall take effect at the time they are delivered to the recorder for record.
        If two or more mortgages pertaining to the same premises are presented for
        record on the same day, they shall take effect in the order of their
        presentation. The first mortgage presented shall be the first recorded, and
        the first mortgage recorded shall have preference.
       {¶50} According to the above statute, the phrase “shall take effect” means that a

mortgage is not valid as against other mortgages until recorded and that priority attaches

as of the time of recording.

       {¶51} Likewise, an analysis of R.C. 1311.13(A)(1) leads us to the same

conclusion.   Under this statute, regardless of when a mechanics lien is filed, it is

“effective” as against subsequently filed mortgages as of the first date that visible work or

labor is performed or materials are furnished on the premises. Id. In enacting this

statute, the General Assembly chose to make the effective date of a mechanic’s lien the

date of visible work, presumably because visible work puts the world on notice of a

potential mechanic’s lien. See Wayne Bldg. & Loan Co. v. Yarborough, 11 Ohio St.2d

195, 219, 228 N.E.2d 841 (1967). However, regardless of its reasons, it is clear from the

statute that the General Assembly was explicit in its desire that the effective date of

mechanic’s liens relate back to the date of first visible work. We believe the General

Assembly likewise evidenced its desire that mortgage modifications not relate back to the

date of the original mortgage by stating that amendments and modifications are effective

as of their recording date.16 Accordingly, we find that the mortgage modifications do not

relate back to the same priority date as the original mortgage.



         On this issue, Garfield Hope urges us to adopt the Restatement of Property
       16


(Third), Mortgages, § 7.3, which relates to the replacement and modification of
senior mortgages and the effect on intervening interests. In summary, this section
states that if a senior mortgage, or the obligation it secures, is modified by the
parties, the mortgage as modified retains priority against junior interests, unless
the modifications are materially prejudicial. The section further states that even if
the mortgage modification is materially prejudicial, it will retain priority over the
                             Super Priority Under R.C. 1311.14

       {¶52} Panzica asserts that Garfield Hope’s mortgage modifications do not have

super priority under R.C. 1311.14 stating that, “[h]ad Garfield Hope desired that each

amendment be provided with ‘super priority,’ it simply needed to include the Ohio Rev.

Code §1311.14 covenant in each Mortgage Amendment.” We conclude however that the

mortgage modifications do contain the required R.C. 1311.14 covenant by reference to

the original mortgage and have priority over Panzica’s mechanic’s lien, if Garfield Hope

is able to establish that it paid out the loan proceeds in accordance with the statute.

       {¶53} The purpose of the R.C. 1311.14 covenant is to put potential lien holders on

notice that certain parties have executed a construction mortgage. See Ford Homes, Inc. v.

Bobie, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2008-09-220, 2009-Ohio-677, ¶ 29. In this case, the

mortgage modifications had the effect of putting Panzica and all other mechanic’s lien

holders on notice of its construction mortgage status by incorporating by reference the

R.C. 1311.14 covenant from the original mortgage. Each modification that encumbered

additional real property reaffirms that: “the provisions of the Loan Documents [(original

mortgage and note)] remain in full force and effect and are binding upon and shall inure



junior lien if the senior mortgage contains a reservation clause that gives the
parties the right to modify the mortgage. Although the Restatement, Section 7.3 is
directly on point with the issues in this case, the restatement is only persuasive
authority and is not legally binding on this court. See Monahan v. Belmont Cty.
Agricultural Soc., 7th Dist. Belmont No. 97-BA-23, 1998 Ohio App. LEXIS 3259,
*20–21 (July 15, 1998). Garfield Hope is unable to point this court to any case in
which this district or another Ohio court has followed the restatement in lien
priority disputes. Indeed, we question whether the Ohio legislature’s language in
R.C. 5301.231 may have been an outward rejection of the restatement’s analysis on
to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective heirs, personal representatives,

successors and assigns.”     It is uncontested that the original mortgage contained the

required covenant and the quote above makes clear that the modifications are

incorporating the provisions of the original mortgage, which includes the R.C. 1311.14

covenant language.

       {¶54} Furthermore, each modification stated the correct name and address of the

mortgagee and mortgagor, and referred to the record instrument number of the original

mortgage and any prior modifications.       Thus, a bit of due diligence on the part of

Panzica, or any other lien holder, would have revealed the construction mortgage status of

the latter security instruments. Notably, Panzica does not attempt to claim that it did not

have notice of Huntington’s intent to encumber future property through use of the

construction mortgage statute. Rather, Panzica argues that Huntington did not succeed in

creating valid construction mortgages because it failed to include, word for word, a

recitation of the required statutory covenant.

       {¶55} We believe that our holding comports with both the spirit and letter of the

law, because there can be no argument that incorporation by reference put Panzica on

notice of each modification’s construction mortgage status, and it is a general principle of

Ohio contract law that separate agreements may be incorporated by reference into a

signed contract and that when done, both instruments must be read and construed

together. Key Bank Natl. Assn. v. Columbus Campus, L.L.C., 10th Dist. Franklin Nos.


this point of law.
11AP-920, 11AP-952, 11AP-955, 11AP-958, 11AP-959, 11AP-963, 11AP-964,

2013-Ohio-1243, ¶ 24. Furthermore, the last paragraph of R.C. 1311.14 specifically

states:

          This section, as to mortgages contemplated by this section, controls over all
          other sections of the Revised Code relating to mechanic’s, material
          supplier’s, contractor’s, subcontractor's, laborer’s, and all liens that can be
          had under this chapter, and shall be liberally construed in favor of such
          mortgagees, a substantial compliance by such mortgagees being sufficient.

(Emphasis added.) Accord Barr v. Masterpiece Homes, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 65835,

1994 Ohio App. LEXIS 3211, *8 (July 21, 1994) (stating, “[w]here a mortgagee

substantially adheres to the provisions of R.C. 1311.14, it serves to negate R.C. 1311.13,

and give priority to an after-recorded mortgagee.”). Because construction mortgages are

to be liberally construed in favor of the mortgagee and because Huntington took steps to

incorporate the R.C. 1311.14 covenant language into its modifications, we find that

Huntington substantially complied with the requirements of the statute.

          {¶56} We do agree, however, that Panzica has created a genuine issue of material

fact as to whether the loan disbursements were paid out in accordance with R.C. 1311.14,

the fourth requirement of a construction mortgage. Panzica argues that Garfield Hope

has failed to prove that it distributed the loan proceeds in accordance with R.C. 1311.14

because it did not present evidentiary quality materials establishing this fact and therefore

summary judgment was properly denied.

          {¶57} R.C. 1311.14(B) contains the ways in which a construction loan

disbursement must be paid out in order to retain its “super priority.” This section states:
(B) The mortgagee need not pay out any of the mortgage fund for fifteen
days after filing the mortgage. At the end of such period, the mortgagee
may refuse to go forward with the loan or to pay out the fund, in which
case, if no funds have been advanced, the mortgagee shall make, execute,
and deliver to the mortgagor, or to the county recorder to be recorded, a
proper release of the mortgage, but if the mortgagee elects to complete the
loan, the mortgagee shall, in order to obtain the priority set forth in this
section, distribute the mortgage fund in the following order:

(1) The mortgagee may at any time pay off the prior encumbrance, or
withhold the amount thereof for that purpose.

(2) Out of the residue of the fund, the mortgagee may at any time retain
sufficient funds to complete the improvement, according to the original
plans, specifications, and contracts, and within the original contract price.

(3) The mortgagee may from time to time pay out on the owner’s order,
directly to the original contractor or subcontractor, or directly to the owner
if the owner is the owner’s own contractor, such sums as the owner certifies
to be necessary to meet and pay labor payrolls for the improvement.

(4) The mortgagee shall pay on the order of the owner, the accounts of the
material suppliers and laborers who have filed with the mortgagee a written
notice as provided in this section, the amounts due for labor or work then
performed and material then furnished for the improvement; and shall retain
out of the mortgage fund such money to become due as is shown by the
notice served and shall hold such money, and shall pay on the order of the
owner, the amounts due to such persons who have served such notices, if
the mortgagee has sufficient money in the mortgagee’s hands to do so and
also to complete the improvement; but if the mortgagee has funds in the
mortgagee’s hands insufficient to pay all such laborers and material
suppliers in full and to complete the improvement, the mortgagee shall
retain sufficient money to complete the improvement and to distribute the
balance pro rata among the material suppliers and laborers who have filed
such notices.

(5) If the owner refuses to issue an order to pay the amount of the notice
filed, the mortgagee shall retain the whole amount claimed until the proper
amount has been agreed upon or judicially determined provided that the
mortgagee may withhold sufficient funds to complete the improvement.
      (6) The mortgagee shall pay out on the owner’s order, directly to material
      suppliers or laborers who have performed labor or work or furnished
      material for the improvement.

      (7) The mortgagee shall pay the balance of the mortgage fund after the
      improvement is completed to the owner, or to whomsoever the owner
      directs.

      In case the mortgagee pays out the fund otherwise than as provided in this
      section, then the lien of the mortgage to the extent that the funds had been
      otherwise paid, is subsequent to liens of original contractors,
      subcontractors, material suppliers, and laborers; but in no case is such a
      mortgagee obligated to pay or liable at law for more than the principal of
      the mortgage.

      {¶58} Panzica argues that the only evidence presented that the loan proceeds were

paid out in the manner described by the statute comes from the affidavit testimony of

Steven L. Craig, president of Eureka Reality Partners Inc., a company that manages

Garfield Hope, and the documents attached thereto. Panzica asserts that this affidavit

testimony is inadmissible evidence because it does not establish that Craig had personal

knowledge of how the loan disbursements were made while Huntington still owned the

note and mortgage. We disagree with Panzica’s contention that the affidavit testimony is

inadmissible because we find that Craig has provided sufficient evidence of his personal

knowledge of the business records, but agree that Craig has not presented sufficient

evidence of proper payment.

      {¶59} Craig’s affidavit attests that the affidavit was based upon his review of

Garfield Hope’s records relating to the loan, including the historic records of Garfield

Hope’s predecessor in interest, Huntington, and from his personal knowledge of how

those records are kept and maintained. Thus, Craig’s affidavit is enough to establish that
he has personal knowledge of the loan documentation and how the payments were

disbursed. See Civ.R. 56(E) (an affidavit must be made on personal knowledge of the

facts). Panzica had the burden of establishing a lack of personal knowledge, despite the

averment. Id. (stating “[w]hen a motion for summary judgment is made and supported as

provided in this rule, an adverse party may not rest upon the mere allegations or denials of

the party’s pleadings, but the party’s response, by affidavit or as otherwise provided in

this rule, must set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.”).

Panzica has not presented evidence, other than mere speculation, that Craig does not or

could not have personal knowledge of these facts. Panzica has failed to create a genuine

issue of material fact on this point.

       {¶60} However, we find that the affidavit does not establish whether the loan

proceeds were paid out in accordance with the statute and therefore Garfield Hope is not

entitled to judgment as a matter of law. While Craig avers that Huntington advanced

funds to Bridgeview in accordance with the terms of the mortgage and that “said funds

were advanced to fund improvements on the property and were, in fact, used to pay for

improvements on the property” — this statement is not sufficient to establish that the loan

proceeds were paid out in accordance with R.C. 1311.14(B) (1)-(7).

       {¶61} At least six of the seven subsections of R.C. 1311.14(B) concern the

disbursement of loan proceeds for the purpose of paying for improvements on property

described in a construction mortgage. Craig has failed to indicate under which section, if

any, the loan disbursements were paid or retained. These facts are essential to knowing
whether Huntington had a construction mortgage on the property described in each

mortgage modification. See 1311.14(B) (“In case the mortgagee pays out the funds

otherwise than as provided in this section, then the lien of the mortgage to the extent that

the funds had been otherwise paid, is subsequent to liens of original contractors.”).

Therefore, upon remand, Garfield Hope must present sufficient evidence that loan

disbursements were properly paid in accordance with the construction mortgage statute in

order for Garfield Hope to have superior priority as to the mortgage modifications. In

the event that Garfield Hope is unable to establish the construction mortgage status of its

mortgage modifications, the court will still have to determine how two separate priority

dates affect Panzica’s lien claims over property described in the mortgage modifications.

                            Priority Dates of Mechanic’s Lien

       {¶62} There are two priority dates that govern Panzica’s mechanic’s lien. When a

project notice of commencement is not recorded, a mechanic’s lien is effective as of the

date of its first visible work. R.C. 1311.13(A)(1). Work performed after a notice of

commencement is recorded renders the mechanic’s lien effective as of the recording date

of the notice of commencement. R.C. 1311.13(A)(2). A lien for work performed both

prior to and after the recording of the notice of commencement has two effective dates:

the portion of the lien that arises from work furnished prior to the recording of the notice

of commencement has the effective date of the first visible work, while the portion of the

lien that arises from work furnished after the recording of the notice of commencement is

effective as of the recording date of the notice of commencement. R.C. 1311.13(B)(1).
       {¶63} December 12, 2006, was Panzica’s first date of visible work on the project.

Bridgeview did not record its notice of commencement until October 3, 2007. Thus,

pursuant to R.C. 1311.13, Panzica’s lien has two effective dates: (1) December 12, 2006,

for work performed from that date until the recording of the notice of commencement;

and (2) October 3, 2007, for work performed from that date until work was ultimately

concluded on October 21, 2008. On remand, the trial court will have to determine how

these two dates affect Panzica’s lien rights over the property described in the mortgage

modifications.17

                                         Conclusion

       {¶64} In conclusion, we restate the following determinations: 1) a genuine issue of

material fact remains regarding the validity of Panzica’s mechanic’s lien due to certain

lien waivers it executed; 2) Panzica was not required to record a notice of furnishing in

order to preserve its lien rights; 3) Garfield Hope’s mortgage modifications do not relate

back to the date of the recording of the original mortgage; 4) the mortgage modifications

contain the R.C. 1311.14 construction mortgage covenant by reference to the original

mortgage, but a genuine issue of material fact remains as to whether the mortgage

proceeds were paid out according to the construction mortgage statute; and 5) in the event

that Garfield Hope cannot establish its loan disbursements conformed with the

requirements of R.C. 1311.14(B), the court must determine how, if at all, Panzica’s two


           Our review of the record establishes many of the mortgage modifications adding real
       17


property to the project occurred prior to the filing of the notice of commencement.
different priority dates affect its lien rights against the property contained in the mortgage

modifications.

       {¶65} We therefore reverse the grant of summary judgment in favor of Panzica and

affirm the denial of Garfield Hope’s motion for summary judgment. This cause is

remanded to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

       It is ordered that appellant and appellee share the costs herein taxed.

       The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common

pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.

       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of

the Rules of Appellate Procedure



______________________________________________
MELODY J. STEWART, JUDGE

EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, P.J., and
ANITA LASTER MAYS, J., CONCUR
