                     United States Court of Appeals
                              FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

                                   ___________

                                   No. 97-3821
                                   ___________

United States of America,               *
                                        *
      Plaintiff - Appellee,             *
                                        * Appeal from the United States
      v.                                * District Court for the
                                        * District of Minnesota.
William John Eastman,                   *
                                        *
      Defendant - Appellant.            *
                                   ___________

                                 Submitted: March 10, 1998
                                     Filed: July 9, 1998
                                   ___________

Before WOLLMAN and LOKEN, Circuit Judges, and BATAILLON,* District Judge.
                           ___________

LOKEN, Circuit Judge.

      A jury convicted William John Eastman of one count of conspiring to distribute
cocaine and methamphetamine and two counts of conspiring to launder drug proceeds.
The district court1 sentenced him to eighty-seven months in prison and five years of



      *
       The HONORABLE JOSEPH F. BATAILLON, United States District Judge for
      the District of Nebraska, sitting by designation.
      1
        The HONORABLE RICHARD H. KYLE, United States District Judge for the
District of Minnesota.
supervised release. Eastman appeals, arguing the evidence was insufficient and the
court erred in refusing to grant a downward departure. We affirm.

       We summarize the evidence in the light most favorable to the jury’s verdict. In
April 1990, Lawrence Lawler began receiving cocaine and methamphetamine in the
Duluth-Superior area from his cousin Joe Sakal in California. For the next four years,
Lawler or an associate periodically wired money to Sakal. Sakal and other suppliers
shipped distribution quantities of drugs to Lawler by Federal Express. Lawler
distributed about one-third of the drugs to Robin Birk and two-thirds to Eastman,
Lawler’s long-time friend. Birk and Eastman supplied the money Lawler and others
wired for drugs. Over the course of the conspiracy, $250,000 was sent to California
to purchase cocaine and methamphetamine for distribution in the Duluth-Superior area.

       In June 1994, Lawler was arrested and agreed to cooperate. He arranged
controlled buys from his sources in California and a controlled sale of two ounces of
cocaine to Eastman on July 7. Eastman was then arrested. At his trial, six cooperating
conspirators testified for the government. In addition to Lawler and Sakal, Duke
Caballero, Sakal’s California source for cocaine, testified that at some point he cut
Lawler out and began dealing directly with Eastman. Richard Caffrey testified that at
Eastman’s request he would wire money to California under the name Bill Caballero
to purchase drugs. Robin Birk testified she purchased drugs directly from Eastman on
occasion. Birk also testified she gave Lawler drug sale proceeds to pay California
suppliers for drugs previously shipped on consignment, or to purchase more drugs.

       To sustain Eastman’s conviction for conspiracy to distribute drugs, the evidence
must establish that a conspiracy existed to distribute drugs, and that Eastman knew of
and intentionally joined the conspiracy. See United States v. Jones, 101 F.3d 1263,
1267 (8th Cir. 1996), cert. denied, 117 S. Ct. 1566 (1997). Eastman concedes the
government proved a drug distribution conspiracy but argues he was merely a customer
of that conspiracy. We disagree. The government’s evidence, in particular the

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testimony of other conspirators, was sufficient to prove that Eastman was an active and
knowing participant in the conspiracy.

        To sustain Eastman’s conviction for conspiracy to launder money, the evidence
must prove that he knew of and intentionally joined a conspiracy to conduct financial
transactions in which drug proceeds were used with the intent of promoting the
conspirators’ illegal drug trafficking. See 18 U.S.C. §§ 1956(a)(1)(A), 1956(c)(7)(A),
1956(h), 1961(1)(D); United States v. Jenkins, 78 F.3d 1283, 1288 (8th Cir. 1996).
Eastman argues there was no proof that the money wired for drugs was the proceeds
of drug distribution. In proving that drug proceeds were used to promote illegal drug
activity, the government need not trace the proceeds to a particular drug sale and may
rely on defendant’s “involvement in drug trafficking and his lack of any legitimate
source of income to raise the inference that the money wired . . . represented proceeds
from drug distribution.” United States v. Blackman, 904 F.2d 1250, 1257 (8th Cir.
1990). Eastman supplied much of the money that was wired to California to pay for
illegal drug purchases. His tax returns do not disclose a legitimate source of income
for these purchases, as he reported income of $2,006 in 1990, $3,045 in 1991, $3,171
in 1992, $4,153 in 1993, and $19,287 in 1994. Birk testified she used drug proceeds
to finance her California purchases through Lawler. The evidence, including Lawler’s
and Caffrey’s testimony and evidence that money Eastman and Birk gave to Lawler had
a drug scent, was sufficient for the jury to find that Eastman knowingly participated in
a conspiracy to use drug proceeds to finance illegal drug activities. That proves a
violation of the money laundering conspiracy statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1956(h).

      Finally, Eastman argues the district court abused its discretion in denying his
motion for a downward departure based on his advanced age and poor health and the
relative disparity between his Guidelines range sentence and the sentences imposed on
his conspirators. The district court acknowledged its authority to depart but concluded
that the facts did not justify a downward departure. The court’s discretionary refusal
to grant a downward departure is unreviewable on appeal. See United States v.

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Kessler, 48 F.3d 1064, 1065 (8th Cir. 1995). In addition, “disparity in sentences
among [conspirators] is not a proper basis for departure.” United States v. Jones,
F.3d , 1998 WL 2641386 at *6 (8th Cir. 1998).

      The judgment of the district court is affirmed.

      A true copy.


            Attest:


                     CLERK, U. S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.




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