[Cite as State v. Frederick, 2014-Ohio-5537.]


STATE OF OHIO                     )                      IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                  )ss:                   NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT                  )

STATE OF OHIO                                            C.A. No.   26864

        Appellee

        v.                                               APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                         ENTERED IN THE
RICHARD JAMES FREDERICK, JR.                             COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                                                         COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
        Appellant                                        CASE No.   CR 12 06 1774

                                 DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: December 17, 2014



        MOORE, Judge.

        {¶1}     Appellant, Richard Frederick, appeals the judgment of the Summit County Court

of Common Pleas. This Court affirms.

                                                 I.

        {¶2}     A grand jury indicted Mr. Frederick on charges of gross sexual imposition and

rape related to incidents involving his young niece over a four-month period of time. While the

case was pending, Mr. Frederick moved the trial court in limine to exclude statements made by

the child victim during an examination at the Akron Children’s Hospital CARE Center. On

October 19, 2012, the trial court denied the motion, noting that “the court [would] revisit this

issue at the appropriate time.” Mr. Frederick pleaded guilty almost three months later on the day

scheduled for trial. The trial court sentenced him to concurrent prison terms of three years for

gross sexual imposition and 25 years to life for rape.
                                                2


       {¶3}    This Court granted Mr. Frederick leave to file a delayed appeal, and he has raised

three assignments of error.

                                                II.

                                 ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY NOT MERGING COUNT ONE, RAPE, AND
       COUNT TWO, GROSS SEXUAL IMPOSITION, UNDER REVISED CODE
       2941.25 AS ALLIED OFFENSES, AND AT THE LEAST, THE TRIAL COURT
       ERRED BY FAILING TO CONDUCT A “SIMILAR IMPORT” ANALYSIS
       BEFORE SENTENCING MR. MR. FREDERICK ON BOTH COUNTS.

       {¶4}    Mr. Frederick’s first assignment of error is that the trial court committed plain

error by failing to merge his convictions as allied offenses. We do not agree.

       {¶5}    Under R.C. 2941.25:

       (A) Where the same conduct by defendant can be construed to constitute two or
       more allied offenses of similar import, the indictment or information may contain
       counts for all such offenses, but the defendant may be convicted of only one.

       (B) Where the defendant's conduct constitutes two or more offenses of dissimilar
       import, or where his conduct results in two or more offenses of the same or
       similar kind committed separately or with a separate animus as to each, the
       indictment or information may contain counts for all such offenses, and the
       defendant may be convicted of all of them.

Before sentencing a defendant, a trial court must determine whether multiple offenses were

committed by the same conduct. State v. Johnson, 128 Ohio St.3d 153, 2010-Ohio-6314, ¶ 47.

“If the multiple offenses can be committed by the same conduct, then the court must determine

whether the offenses were committed by the same conduct, i.e., ‘a single act, committed with a

single state of mind.’” (Emphasis added.) Id. at ¶ 49, quoting State v. Brown, 119 Ohio St.3d

447, 2008-Ohio-4569, ¶ 50 (Lanzinger, J., concurring in judgment only). This analysis requires

a court to “consider the statutory elements of each offense in the context of the defendant's

conduct.” State v. Williams, 134 Ohio St.3d 482, 2013-Ohio-5699, ¶ 
                                                 3


       {¶6}    R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b) prohibits rape and provides, in part, that “[n]o person shall

engage in sexual conduct with another * * * when * * * * [t]he other person is less than thirteen

years of age, whether or not the offender knows the age of the other person.” “Sexual conduct”

is defined as “vaginal intercourse between a male and female; anal intercourse, fellatio, and

cunnilingus between persons regardless of sex; and, without privilege to do so, the insertion,

however slight, of any part of the body or any instrument, apparatus, or other object into the

vaginal or anal opening of another.” R.C. 2907.01(A). Gross sexual imposition, prohibited by

R.C. 2907.05(A)(4), occurs when a person has sexual contact with another when the other person

is less than thirteen years of age, whether or not the offender knows of the victim’s age. For

purposes of R.C. Chapter 2907, “sexual contact” is defined as “any touching of an erogenous

zone of another, including without limitation the thigh, genitals, buttock, pubic region, or, if the

person is a female, a breast, for the purpose of sexually arousing or gratifying either person.”

R.C. 2907.01(B). Considering the elements of rape and gross sexual imposition, it is apparent

that under Johnson, both offenses can be committed by the same conduct.

       {¶7}    Nonetheless, courts have consistently recognized that distinct instances of sexual

activity constitute separate offenses that do not merge. State v. Daniels, 9th Dist. Summit No.

26406, 2013-Ohio-358, ¶ 8-10. See also State v. Evans, 122 Ohio St.3d 381, 2009-Ohio-2974, ¶

30 (concluding, before Johnson was decided, that when gross sexual imposition and rape are

committed independently or with a separate animus, they do not merge.). The record in this case

demonstrates that Mr. Frederick was not convicted of both offenses based on the same conduct,

but based upon multiple offenses constituting a course of conduct that occurred over several

months. Significantly, during earlier proceedings on a motion to suppress statements made in the

course of a voluntary polygraph examination, the trial court heard testimony that Mr. Frederick
                                                4


described 3-5 instances of sexual activity with the victim. Based on these descriptions alone, the

trial court could reasonably conclude that Mr. Frederick committed rape and gross sexual

imposition in distinct, separate incidents.

       {¶8}    Mr. Frederick’s conduct resulted in multiple offenses of the same or similar kind

committed separately, and the trial court did not err by sentencing him for both. Because “[t]he

existence of error * * * [is] the starting point for a plain-error inquiry,” Mr. Frederick’s first

assignment of error must be overruled. State v. Hill, 92 Ohio St.3d 191, 200 (2001). 

                                  ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II

       THE COURT FAILED TO ADEQUATELY NOTIFY MR. FREDERICK
       DURING THE SENTENCING PHASE OF THE COMBINED PLEA AND
       SENTENCING HEARING OF THE CONSEQUENCES IN VIOLATING POST-
       RELEASE CONTROL.

       {¶9}    Mr. Frederick’s second assignment of error is that the trial court erred by failing

to adequately inform him about his postrelease control obligations during sentencing. We

disagree.

       {¶10}     “[I]n order to comply with separation-of-powers concerns and to fulfill the

requirements of the postrelease-control-sentencing statutes, * * * a trial court must provide

statutorily compliant notification to a defendant regarding postrelease control at the time of

sentencing, including notifying the defendant of the details of the postrelease control and the

consequences of violating postrelease control.” State v. Qualls, 131 Ohio St.3d 499, 2012-Ohio-

1111, ¶ 18. Under R.C. 2967.28(B), the sentence for an offender who is committed to prison for

a felony sex offense must include five years of postrelease control. R.C. 2967.28(D)(1) also

explains that when an offender violates the terms of postrelease control, a prison term of up to

one-half of the term originally imposed may be required. At the sentencing hearing, a trial court
                                                 5


must inform the offender if postrelease control is required and must explain the consequences for

violating the conditions of postrelease control. R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(c); R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(e).

        {¶11} In this case, the trial court informed Mr. Frederick that he was required to

complete five years of mandatory postrelease control and the court also explained the potential

consequences if he violated the conditions of postrelease control. The trial court, therefore,

complied with the requirements of R.C. 2929.19(B)(2) at sentencing.             Mr. Frederick has

suggested that a broader level of notification is required but, in this regard, we must observe that

his brief on appeal references notification language that is not contained within the applicable

statutes, and he has not provided any citation to the source from which the language in his brief

is taken.

        {¶12} Mr. Frederick’s second assignment of error is overruled.

                                ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III

        THE COURT COMMITTED PLAIN ERROR IN OVERRULING
        DEFENDANT’S MOTION IN LIMINE WITHOUT PLACING FINDINGS ON
        THE RECORD AS TO WHAT ROLE THE INTERVIEWING PERSON OF
        THE VICTIM SERVED PER STATE V. ROMO, NAMELY FORENSIC OR
        MEDICAL, TO SO DETERMINE THE ADMISSIBILITY OF THE VICTIM[’]S
        STATEMENTS TO THE MEDICAL PROVIDER.

        {¶13} Mr. Frederick’s final assignment of error argues that the trial court committed

plain error by overruling his motion in limine regarding statements made during the victim’s

interview at the Akron Children’s Hospital CARE Center.

        {¶14} A defendant who pleads guilty waives the right to challenge actions taken by the

trial court except to the extent that those actions affected the knowing and voluntary nature of the

plea. State v. Gegia, 157 Ohio App.3d 112, 2004-Ohio-2124, ¶ 18 (9th Dist.). Mr. Frederick has

not argued that, because of error in the trial court’s ruling, his plea was not knowingly and

voluntarily made. To the extent that his appellate brief suggests that denial of the motion in
                                                 6


limine motivated his client to plead guilty, we must note that the record does not contain any

evidence supporting that inference. Most notably, the record of the plea and sentencing does not

set out any statements that make a connection in this regard. In fact, the face of the record

suggests otherwise inasmuch as almost three months passed between the ruling on the motion in

limine and Mr. Frederick’s guilty plea.

       {¶15} Mr. Frederick’s third assignment of error is overruled.

                                                III.

       {¶16} Mr. Frederick’s assignments of error are overruled, and the judgment of the

Summit County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

                                                                              Judgment affirmed.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
                                         7


      Costs taxed to Appellant.




                                             CARLA MOORE
                                             FOR THE COURT



BELFANCE, P. J.
HENSAL, J.
CONCUR.


APPEARANCES:

RICHARD P. KUTUCHIEF, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and HEAVEN DIMARTINO, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.
