J-S40037-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                 :      IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                             :            PENNSYLVANIA
              v.                             :
                                             :
DWAYNE SPURELL,                              :
                                             :
                    Appellant                :           No. 2477 EDA 2015

             Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence June 26, 2013
              in the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County,
              Criminal Division, No(s): CP-23-CR-0004494-2012

BEFORE: BOWES, MUNDY and MUSMANNO, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.:                              FILED JUNE 10, 2016

        Dwayne Spurell (“Spurell”) appeals from the judgment of sentence

imposed after a jury found him guilty of five counts of robbery, and one

count of criminal conspiracy.1 We affirm in part, and vacate and remand in

part.

        The trial court set forth in its Opinion the procedural history underlying

this appeal, which we incorporate herein by reference.           See Trial Court

Opinion, 12/15/15, at 1-8.2

        On appeal, Spurell presents the following issues for our review:

        1. Did the trial court abuse its discretion and/or commit an
           error of law by denying [Spurell’s April 15, 2013]
           [M]otion for dismissal for [the Commonwealth’s]

1
    See 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3701, 903(a).
2
  Though it appears that Spurell filed his court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)
Concise Statement two days late, we, like the trial court, will overlook this
defect, for the reasons set forth in the trial court’s Opinion. See Trial Court
Opinion, 12/15/15, at 9.
J-S40037-16


          violation of [Pa.R.Crim.P.] 600 [(hereinafter, “Rule 600
          Motion”)], where charges were filed against him [on]
          May 13, 2005[,] and he was not brought to trial until
          April 16, 2013, notwithstanding that [Spurell] was
          incarcerated and under county supervision, with his
          whereabouts known by the Commonwealth, from 2008
          through 2011?

       2. Did the trial court abuse its discretion and/or commit an
          error of law by allowing the matter to proceed to trial,
          where charges were filed against [Spurell on] May 13,
          2005[,] and he was not brought to trial until April 16,
          2013, notwithstanding that [Spurell] was incarcerated
          and under county supervision, with his whereabouts
          known by the Commonwealth, from 2008 through 2011?

       3. Did the trial court abuse its discretion and/or commit an
          error of law by failing to timely rule on [Spurell’s June
          27, 2013] Post[-]Sentence Motion alleging a violation of
          his Rule 600 speedy trial rights [(hereinafter, “Rule 600
          Post-Sentence Motion”)], and therefore denying the
          [M]otion as a matter of law without reaching a decision
          on the merits, where charges were filed against him [on]
          May 13, 2005[,] and he was not brought to trial until
          April 16, 2013, notwithstanding that [Spurell] was
          incarcerated and under county supervision, with his
          whereabouts known by the Commonwealth, from 2008
          through 2011[?]

       4. [] Is [Spurell] entitled to remand and resentencing
          where his sentence included [a] mandatory minimum
          period of incarceration pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A.
          § 9712[,] which has since been deemed constitutionally
          invalid?

Brief for Appellant at 3-4.

      We will address Spurell’s first two issues together, as they both

challenge the trial court’s purported abuse of discretion in failing to rule that

the Commonwealth committed a Rule 600 violation. We review such claims

according to the following principles:


                                   -2-
J-S40037-16


      In evaluating Rule 600 issues, our standard of review of a trial
      court’s decision is whether the trial court abused its discretion.
      Judicial discretion requires action in conformity with law, upon
      facts and circumstances judicially before the court, after hearing
      and due consideration. An abuse of discretion is not merely an
      error of judgment, but[,] if in reaching a conclusion[,] the law is
      overridden or misapplied or the judgment exercised is manifestly
      unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill
      will, as shown by the evidence or the record, discretion is
      abused.

      The proper scope of review is limited to the evidence on the
      record of the Rule 600 evidentiary hearing, and the findings of
      the trial court. An appellate court must view the facts in the
      light most favorable to the prevailing party.

      Additionally, when considering the trial court’s ruling, this Court
      is not permitted to ignore the dual purpose behind Rule 600.
      Rule 600 serves two equally important functions: (1) the
      protection of the accused’s speedy trial rights, and (2) the
      protection of society. In determining whether an accused’s right
      to a speedy trial has been violated, consideration must be given
      to society’s right to effective prosecution of criminal cases, both
      to restrain those guilty of crime and to deter those
      contemplating it. However, the administrative mandate of Rule
      600 was not designed to insulate the criminally accused from
      good faith prosecution delayed through no fault of the
      Commonwealth.

      So long as there has been no misconduct on the part of the
      Commonwealth in an effort to evade the fundamental speedy
      trial rights of an accused, Rule 600 must be construed in a
      manner consistent with society’s right to punish and deter crime.
      In considering these matters, courts must carefully factor into
      the ultimate equation not only the prerogatives of the individual
      accused, but the collective right of the community to vigorous
      law enforcement as well.

Commonwealth v. Thompson, 93 A.3d 478, 486-87 (Pa. Super. 2014)

(citations, brackets and ellipses omitted).




                                  -3-
J-S40037-16


      Spurell argues that the trial court abused its discretion by denying his

Rule 600 Motion because the evidence established that the Commonwealth

violated his speedy trial rights by failing to exercise due diligence in locating

him and bringing his case to trial.      See Brief for Appellant at 7, 11-14.

Spurell points out that he was not brought to trial until April 2013, nearly

eight years after the charges against him were filed. Id. at 7. Additionally,

Spurell contends that

      on at least three [] occasions in 2008, 2009, and 2011[, he] was
      apprehended and/or brought to court and incarcerated in
      Philadelphia County and Pennsylvania state correctional
      institutions. At each of these arrests, the Commonwealth should
      and would have been notified that the suspect had been
      apprehended in another jurisdiction, at which point the
      Commonwealth would lodge its detainer and proceed with
      prosecution.[3] … [A]t a very minimum, the Commonwealth
      should have been on actual notice of [Spurell’s] apprehension in
      July of 2008 by the Philadelphia Police Department, and the
      prosecution against him should have proceeded at that point.

Id. (footnote added). In light of the foregoing, Spurell argues, it cannot be

said that the police exercised due diligence in locating him and prosecuting

the instant case against him. Id. at 12-13.

      The trial court’s Opinion aptly set forth the relevant law concerning

Rule 600, addressed Spurell’s claims in detail, and thoroughly discussed the


3
  Specifically, Spurell asserts that concerning each of the three above-
mentioned arrests, authorities should have entered his information into the
National Crime Information Center (“NCIC”) database, as “[p]roper protocol
would require that the suspect be ran through the NCIC database each time
he was apprehended to check for outstanding warrants, and the appropriate
agency be notified if a warrant or detainer existed.” Brief for Appellant at
12.


                                   -4-
J-S40037-16


unique circumstances concerning the delay in bringing Spurell to trial. See

Trial Court Opinion, 12/15/15, at 10-28.      The trial court rejected Spurell’s

claims, determining that no Rule 600 violation had occurred, as (1) the

unusual events that caused the delay were outside of the Commonwealth’s

control; and (2) the police acted with due diligence, and exercised

reasonable efforts to locate Spurell’s whereabouts, despite unforeseeable

breakdowns that had occurred in this case following his commitments

beginning in 2008. See id. The trial court’s exhaustive, sound analysis and

determination is supported by the law and the record, and we therefore

affirm on this basis in rejecting Spurell’s first two issues. See id.

      In his third issue, Spurell contends that the trial court erred by failing

to rule on his timely-filed Rule 600 Post-Sentence Motion. Brief for Appellant

at 15. Spurell points out that “[n]o decision was ever reached on the merits

of the [M]otion; rather[,] it was apparently lost or misfiled for over two []

years and ultimately denied as a matter of law.” Id.

      The trial court addressed this claim in its Opinion, explained the

breakdown in the court’s procedures that caused the court to not be alerted

as to the filing of the Rule 600 Post-Sentence Motion, and determined that

Spurell’s claim does not entitle him to relief.      See Trial Court Opinion,

12/15/15, at 56-61.     As the trial court’s thorough analysis is sound and




                                   -5-
J-S40037-16


supported by the record, we affirm on this basis as to Spurell’s third issue.

See id.4

     In his final issue, Spurell argues that the mandatory sentences

imposed on him under 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9712 (sentences for offenses

committed with firearms)5 are illegal pursuant to Alleyne v. United States,

133 S. Ct. 2151 (2013), and its progeny.      Brief for Appellant at 15;6 see

also Alleyne, 133 S. Ct. at 2163 (holding that “facts that increase

mandatory minimum sentences must be submitted to the jury” and must be

found beyond a reasonable doubt).

     Initially, we observe that although Spurell did not raise this claim in his

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Concise Statement, we may address it sua sponte

because it implicates the legality of his sentence. See Commonwealth v.

Newman, 99 A.3d 86, 90 (Pa. Super. 2014) (en banc) (stating that “a


4
  As an addendum, we observe that the trial court held a hearing on
Spurell’s Rule 600 Motion prior to trial, and correctly denied the Motion.
Accordingly, we, like the trial court, are puzzled by the relief that Spurell
seeks on this claim. See, e.g., Brief for Appellant at 15 (asserting that
“[b]ecause a decision was never rendered on the merits of [Spurell’s Rule
600] Post Sentence Motion, the matter should be remanded to the trial court
for a hearing on the same.”); see also Trial Court Opinion, 12/15/15, at 57.
5
  Relevantly, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9712 provides that “[p]rovisions of this section
shall not be an element of the crime[,]” and that in order for the five-year
mandatory minimum sentence under subsection 9712(a) to apply, the court
must determine at sentencing, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the
requirements were met. Id. § 9712(b).
6
   The Commonwealth and trial court agree that Spurell’s mandatory
minimum sentences are illegal. See Brief for the Commonwealth at 14-15;
Trial Court Opinion, 11/18/15, at 4 n.21.


                                 -6-
J-S40037-16


challenge to a sentence premised upon Alleyne [] implicates the legality of

the sentence and cannot be waived on appeal.”); Commonwealth v.

Vargas, 108 A.3d 858, 876 n.13 (Pa. Super. 2014) (stating that “legality of

sentence questions are not waivable and may be raised sua sponte by this

Court.”) (citation and brackets omitted).

      Spurell is correct that Alleyne rendered section 9712 constitutionally

infirm in its entirety because the statute allows the sentencing court to

determine, by only a preponderance of the evidence, whether the mandatory

minimum sentence applies. See Commonwealth v. Valentine, 101 A.3d

801, 811-12 (Pa. Super. 2014) (holding that section 9712 is unconstitutional

as a whole). Accordingly, the mandatory minimum sentences that the trial

court imposed pursuant to section 9712 are illegal and must be vacated.

Because our decision upsets the trial court’s overall sentencing scheme, we

vacate Spurell’s judgment of sentence in its entirety, and remand for

resentencing,   without   consideration   of   42   Pa.C.S.A.   §   9712.   See

Commonwealth v. Ferguson, 107 A.3d 206, 213-14, 216 (Pa. Super.

2015) (vacating entire sentence pursuant to Alleyne and remanding for

resentencing on all counts, where the sentence encompassed both counts

subject to mandatory minimum sentencing provisions and counts not subject

to mandatory minimum sentencing provisions).

      Spurell’s convictions affirmed. Judgment of sentence vacated. Case

remanded for resentencing. Jurisdiction relinquished.



                                  -7-
J-S40037-16


Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 6/10/2016




                          -8-
                                                                               T- 5460:s7-!t,
                                                                                   Circulated 05/19/2016 02:41 PM




IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF DELAWARE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
                          ,CRIMINAi., ...

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                                       NO. 4494-12


                              v.

DWAYNE SPURELL

A. Sheldon Kovach, Esquire- Deputy DistrictAttorneyfor the Commonwealth
JosephA. Malley, III, Esquire-Attorney for Dwayne Spurell


                                                     OPINION

Kelly, J.                                                                 Date: December 15, 2015
                                                           ~~f,;

                                             I. Case History

           A criminal complaint was filed on May 13, 2005, by Sergeant Jeffrey Brown, Aston

Township Police Department, charging Dwayne Spurell (hereinafter referred to as "Defendant"

or "Spurell") with, inter alia: Robbery (six (6) counts)' and Criminal Conspiracy to commit

Robbery (six (6) countsj.'         On that same day (May'i3, 2005), the Magisterial Di~trict Court

issued for the Defendant a resulting arrest warrant. See Arrest Warrant, No. CR 147-05 -

Magisterial District Court 32-2-38, dated May 13, 2005.

           A preliminary hearing was held on July 11, 2012,3 before the Magisterial District Court.
                                              "*''
After the Commonwealth's presentation of evidence:"''the presiding Magisterial District Judge

held the Defendant for trial court purposes as to all charged offenses.

           Defendant Spurell was formally arraigned before the trial court on August 9, 2012, at

which time the Office of the Delaware County District Attorney lodged against him a Criminal

 1
     18 Pa.C.S. §3701.
2
     18 Pa.C.S. §903(3701).
3
  The delay between the lodging of the criminal complaint, the arrest warrant's issuance, and the Defendant's
preliminary hearing is discussed infra.
                                                                ~-,:· ,.._.-,.~-.
                                                                   '




Information averrmg, inter alia, the following: Count 1 - Criminal Conspiracy to commit

Robbery;" Count 8 - Robberyr' Count 9 - Robbery;" Count 10 - Robberyi ' Count 11 - Robbery;8

and Count 12 - Robbery.9

         On April 15, 2013, the Defendant's attorney'" lodged a Motion for Dismissal Pursuant to

Violation of Rule 600. See Motion for Dismissal Pursuant to Violation of Rule 600. A hearing

was held relevant to this motion on that same date (April 15, 2013) and ended the next day (April

16, 2013). N.T. 4/15/13.            N.T. 4/16/13. The court on April 16, 2013, denied Defendant

Spurell's Rule 600 dismissal claim. N.T. 4/16/13, p. 12.

         A jury trial11 commenced on April 16, 2013, continued over the next two (2) days and

concluded on April 18, 2013.12 N.T. 4/16/13. N.T. 4/17/13. N.T. 4/18/13. The jury found the

Defendant guilty as to all prosecuted charges:                     Count 1 - Criminal Conspiracy to commit


4
  Id.
5
  18 Pa.C.S. §3701.
6
  Id.
7
  Id.
8
  Id.
9 Id.

 10
   Defendant Spurell was initially represented by the Delaware County Public Defender's Office, but on December
19, 2012, that office lodged a Petition to Appoint Counsel after concluding a conflict of interest existed in its
stewardship of the Defendant as the Public Defender's Office was also representing one (1) of his co-defendants for
charges stemming from the same incident. See Petition to Appoint Counsel. By order of December 21, 2012, the
court designated Joseph A. Malley, III, Esquire to represent Defendant Spurell. See Order Appointing Counsel.
 11
   With the court's denial of Defendant Spurell' s motion, defense counsel advised the case would proceed to a
 nonjury trial. N.T. 4/16/13, pp. 12-13. After the court directed the Defendant's lawyer to colloquy Defendant
 Spurell about his decision to waive his right to ajury trial, it conducted a similar of-record inquiry. N.T. 4/16/13,
 pp. 13-25. Following the court's colloquy, a recess was ta.ken and on resuming the above-captioned matter
 Defendant Spurell requested to withdraw his nonjury trial application and opted to exercise his right to trial by jury.
 Accordingly, the case was tried before a jury. N.T. 4/16/13, pp. 24-26.
    12
    Prior to the commencement of the trial's evidentiary presentation, without objection, the Commonwealth,
 of-record, withdrew the balance of its past filed Criminal Information proceeding only on the following: Count 1 -
 Criminal Conspiracy to commit Robbery, 18 Pa.C.S. §903(3701); Count 8 - Robbery, 18 Pa.C.S. §3701; Count 9 -
 Robbery, Id.; Count 10 - Robbery, Id.; Count 11 - Robbery, Id.; Count 12 - Robbery, Id.; and Count 28 - Firearms
 Not to be Carried Without a License, 18 Pa.C.S. §6106. N.T. 4/15/13 (Robing Room Conference), pp. 3-4. During
 the course of trial, the prosecution as well withdrew, absent. opposition, Count 28 - Firearms Not to be Carried
 Without a License, Id. N.T. 4/17/13 (Robing Room Conference), p. 157.
                                                            2
Robbery;13     and Counts 8 through 12 - Robbery.14                     See Verdict.   The court immediately,

subsequent to the verdict's announcement and recording.directed a presentence investigation

report was to be completed. See Request for Presentence Investigation Report. N.T. 4/18/13, pp.

74-81.

          Although still represented of-record by his trial lawyer, Mr. Malley, and yet unsentenced,

the Defendant on or about April 24, 2013, lodged pro se with the Superior Court a Notice of

Appeal. See Pro Se Appeal Notice. See also Superior Court No. 1359 EDA 2013.

                               ,                        -
           Defense counsel on or about April 25, 20!3, filed a pleading entitled a Motion to

Challenge the Verdict Against the Weight of the Evidence and Dismissal Pursuant to

Commonwealth's Failure to Comply with Rule 600, although a sentence had not then been

imposed. See Defendant's Motion dated April 25, 2013. By praecipe lodged of-record on or

about April 30, 2013, the Defendant's attorney with~E~wthis filing. See Praecipe to Withdraw.

           Resulting from the Defendant's prose appeal notice (April 24, 2013), the Superior Court

 via an order of June 11, 2013, quashed as interlocutory this appeal. See Superior Court No. 1359

 EDA 2013, Order dated June 11, 2013.

           On June 24, 2013, the Commonwealth l"~4ged its Notice of Intention to Seek the

 Imposition of the Mandatory Minimum Sentence Pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9712.                            See

 Commonwealth's Notice.

           A sentencing hearing was held on June 26, 2013, before this court.                    NT. 6/26/13.

 Defendant Spurell was sentenced by this court consistent with his Pennsylvania Sentencing
                                                        - . . . .r=""

 Guidelines' relevant standard ranges as follows:               Count 1 (Criminal Conspiracy to commit



 13
      18 Pa.C.S. §903(3701).
 14   Id.
                                                    3
Robberyr"    - a term of five (5) to ten (10) years incarceration to be served at a state penal

facility; Count 8 (Robbery)
                               16
                                    -   a period of five (5) to ten (10) years imprisonment to be served at

a state correctional institution; Count 9 (Robberyj'" - a five (5) to ten (10) year term of

incarceration to be served at a state prison; Count 10 (Robbery)18            -   a period of five (5) to ten

(10) years imprisonment to be served at a state correctional institution; Count 11 (Robbery)19              -   a

five (5) to ten (10) year term of incarceration to be served at a state penal facility; and Count 12

(Robbery)2° - a period of five (5) to ten (10) years imprisonment to be served at a state

correctional institution.     The Defendant's sentences regarding Counts 1, 8, 9, and 10 were

directed to be served consecutive to each other, while the sentences per Counts 11, and 12 were

to run concurrently with one another andthat of Count 8. The Defendant's aggregate sentence

was thus twenty (20) to forty (40) years incarceration at a state correctional institution.

Defendant Spurell' s sentence in the above-captioned matter was also directed to be served

consecutive to his case under the docket, Commonwealth v. Spurell, No. MC-5 l-CR-0231321-

2005 - Philadelphia County. The Defendant was as-well deemed ineligible for recidivism risk

reduction incentive consideration, 61 Pa.C.S. §§4501 et seq. N.T. 6/26/13, pp. 24-26. See also

 Certificate of Imposition of Judgment of Sentence.21


 rs Id.
 16
    18 Pa.C.S. §3701.
 17 Id.

 rs Id.
 19 Id.
 20 Id.


 21
   At sentencing, per the prosecution's timely invocation of the same, the court imposed mandatory minimum
 sentences pursuant to Sentences Committed with Firearms, 42 Pa.C.S. §9712. See Certificate of Judgment of
 Imposition of Sentence. See also N.T. 6/26/13, pp. 21-26.

   This court is very well aware that the Superior Court in Commonwealth v. Valentine, 101 A.3d 801, 811-12
 (Pa.Super. 2014) found the Sentences Committed with Firearms mandatory sentencing provisions, 42 Pa.C.S.
 §9712, constitutionally invalid based on the United States Supreme Court teachings of Alleyne v. UnitedStates,_
 U.S.__, 133 S.Ct. 2151 (2013). This court also recognizes that the Superior Court has additionally held a number
                                                           4
        The lawyer for the Defendant on or about June 27, 2013, filed a timely Motion to

Challenge the Verdict Against the Weight of the Evidence and Dismissal Pursuant to

Commonwealth's Failure to Comply with Rule 600.. See Defendant's Post-Sentence Motion

dated June 27, 2013. Although the court as discussed infra made no decision regarding this post-

sentence motion, the Delaware County Office of Judicial Support failed to enter an order

denying the same by operation of law. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(B)(3)(a)(" ... [T]he judge shall

decide the post-sentence motion, ... within 120 days of.the filing of the motion. If the judge fails

to decide the motion within 120 days, ... the motion shall be deemed denied by operation of

law.") (Emphasis added).




of Pennsylvania's other mandated sentencing statutes similarly constitutionally infirm. See Commonwealth v.
Newman, 99 A.3d 83 (Pa.Super. 2014)(en banc)(Finding unconstitutional the mandated minimum sentence pursuant
to 42 Pa.C.S. §9712.1.); Commonwealth v. Thompson, 93 A.3d 478 (Pa.Super. 2014)(Concluding the mandatory
minimum provisions of 18 Pa.C.S. §7508 are constitutionally invalid.); Commonwealth v. Wolfe, 106 A.3d 800
(Pa.Super. 2014), appeal granted, 121 A.3d 433 (Invalidating the mandatory minimum sentences set forth by 42
Pa.C.S. §9718.); and Commonwealth v. Watley, 81 A.3d 108 (Pa.Super. 2014)(en banc)(Holding the mandated
minimum sentence per 42 Pa.C.S. §9712.1 unconstitutional.) The Pennsylvania Supreme Court as well has found
the Drug Free School Zones' mandatory sentencing provision, 18 Pa.C.S. §6317, unconstitutional condemning its
statutory scheme which vests a factual determination necessary to a mandated sentence's imposition with the judge
versus the jury and allows proof of such a factual 'circumstance by the lesser preponderance of the evidence burden.
Commonwealth v. Hopkins, 117 A.3d 247, 262 (Pa.2015). See also 42 Pa.C.S. §9712(b).

   While Defendant Spurell did not in his statement of matters complained raise a challenge to his mandatory
minimum sentences such a claim should not be seen waived on appeal as it pertains to the sentencing legality and is
thus unwaivable. Commonwealth v, Valentine supra 10 I A.3d at 809 ("Although Appellant did not raise this claim
before the trial court, this Court in Commonwealth v. Watley, 81 A.3d 108, 118 (Pa.Super. 2013)(en bane),
addressing the Alleyne decision, observed that where '[a]pplication of a mandatory minimum sentence gives rise to
illegal sentence concerns, even where the sentence is within the statutory limit[,] [such] [l]egality of sentence
questions are not waivable.' Because Appellant's claim falls within this 'narrow class of cases ... considered to
implicate illegal sentences,' we address its merits. Watley, 8r·A.3d at 118.") See also Commonwealth v. Wolfe
supra 106 A.3d at 801-02 and Commonwealth v. Newman supra 99 A.3d at 90-91. This court is aware that
presently pending before the Pennsylvania Supreme Court is a case challenging this same issue, "[ w ]hether a
challenge to a sentence pursuant to Alleyne v. United States, 133 S.Ct. 2151 (2013), implicates the legality of the
sentence and is therefore non-waivable." See Commonwealth v. Barnes, 36 EAP 2015, Order dated September 18,
2015.

  Acknowledging that the above-captioned matter is currently postured as a direct appeal from Defendant Spurell's
judgment of sentence, this court given those appellate decisions cited above believes that while his convictions
should all be affirmed for the reasons the opinion discusses, the. Defendant's mandatory minimum sentences should
be set aside and the case remanded to allow resentencing,
                                                          5
        The Defendant on or about May 16, 2014, filed a pro se Petition for Post-Conviction

Collateral Relief .... See Defendant's PCRA Petition. Consistent with his request for counsel's

assistance, this court per order of the same day (May 16, 2014) appointed Henry DiBenedetto

Forrest, Esquire stewardship of the Defendant's collateral litigation. See Order dated May 16,

2014.

        After granting collateral counsel's extension application by order of court, a counseled,

Amended Petition for Post-Conviction Hearing,~Relief under the PCRA (Petition for

Reinstatement of Direct Appeal Rights) was lodged on or about March 12, 2015. See Amended

Petition.

        Per an order of that the same date (March 12, 2015), the court directed the

Commonwealth to file an answer to the Defendant' S'runended PCRA petition. See Order dated

March 12, 2015.

        Through correspondence of June 3, 2015, the Commonwealth's attorney requested

additional time within which to lodge the Commonwealth's answer to the Defendant's

counseled, collateral petition and its evidentiary hearii'i'g demand. See Request for Extension of

Time.

         After the granting of such an extension application via an order of June 11, 2015, the

 Commonwealth later the same day (June 11, 2015) lodged its answer. See Order dated June 11,

 2015. See also Commonwealth's Answer.

         A resultant evidentiary hearing by an order of June 26, 2015, was scheduled material to

 the Defendant's counseled, amended collateral petition to take place on August 6, 2015. See

 Order dated June 26, 2015.



                                                 6
        On August 6, 2015, as then set before this court a collateral hearing commenced and

concluded. N.T. 8/6/15.

        At this PCRA hearing (August 6, 2015), i{~as recognized of-record that while the

Administrative Office of Pennsylvania Courts Delaware County Computerized Criminal System

listed the Defendant's trial attorney lodging of-record on or about June 27, 2013, a Motion to

Challenge the Verdict Against the Weight of the Evidence and Dismissal Pursuant to the

Commonwealth's Failure to Comply with Rule 600/this post-sentence pleading/or whatever the

reasons was not forwarded and/or otherwise made known by the Delaware County Judicial
        1

Support Office to this court. See AOPC Docket. It was relatedly recognized of-record that for

unknown reasons ,the Judicial Support Office of Delaware County as well did not cause to be

entered an order denying this post-sentence motion b:f~peration of law, despite the court having

made no decision regarding the same given that on its filing this pleading was never brought to

this judge's attention.       See Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(B)(3)(a).                An examination of the court's file

maintained by the Judicial Support Office further revealed that this post-sentence motion was not
                                               22 ·-             ...,,,,.
then even included as part of the same.           N.T. 8/6/15; pp. 4-6.

         Recognizing the systematic breakdown described immediately above, the attorneys

 collectively acknowledged that neither trial counsel nor Defendant Spurell were obviously

 afforded any notice of the direct appeal period beginning to run and that absent the entry of an

 order denying/ia operation of law .the post-sentence motion (June 27, 2013), the thirty (30) day




 22
   On coming to learn that trial counsel past filed a post-sentence motion.and this pleading was not included in the
 Delaware County Judicial Support Office's file, yet docketed of-record, the court's clerkafter the collateral hearing
 scoured through the Judicial Support Office and located a secondary or "dummy" case file which contained thil
 post-sentence lodging and various other original, court documents. All these materials were thereafter made part of
 the Judicial Support Office's official court file.
                                                          7
period for the filing of a direct appeal with the Superior Court from the sentencing judgment at

bar had not commenced.   See Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(B)(4). See also Pa.R.A.P. 108(a)(l)(d)(l).

       Resultantly, the Defendant's collateral lawyer and the Commonwealth's attorney agreed

this court was to compel the Delaware County Judicial Support Office to enter an order denying

by operation of law the past, timely filed post-sentence motion (June 27, 2013)Jwhich on its entr~

would make final the Defendant's judgment of sentence and begin the thirty (30) day period for

the lodging of a direct appeal. N.T. 8/6/15, pp. 4-9. See also Denial of Post-Sentence Motion by

Operation of Law dated August 7, 2015. The lawyeft;elatedly concurred that the court was also

to enter an order denying as premature the amended PCRA petition accepting that Defendant

Spurell' s sentencing judgment had not been made final.

        On August 7, 2015, the Director of the Delaware County Judicial Support filed of-record

the operation of law order1finally denying the Defericl~t's long past filed post-sentence motion.

See Denial of Post-Sentence Motion by Operation of Law Order dated August 7, 2015. This

 court on the same day (August 7, 2015)) as well dismissed Defendant Spurell's amended PCRA

 petition. See Order dated August 7, 2015.

        Defendant Spurell, on August 11, 2015, tim:efy filedJ in light of that recounted abov~ a

 counseled Notice of Appeal. See Notice of Appeal dated August 11, 2015. The court through an

 order of August 25, 2015, directed the Defendant's lawyer to lodge of-record a Concise

 Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal. See Order dated August 25, 2015. Responding

 to this order (August 25, 2015), Defendant Spurell'saitomcy belatedly lodged on September 16,

 2015, a statement of appellate complaints. See Statement of Matters Complained .




                                                        ...;:;.:--
                                                       .,
                                                 8
                                            II. Waiver
                                                         ,_.,,~····

      Initially, this court is constrained to discussDefendant Spurell's untimely filing of his

statement of matters complained. See Defendant's Statement of Matters Complained and Order

dated August 25, 2015.

       Recently, the Pennsylvania Superior Court in addressing the late lodging of a Pa.R.A.P.

l 925(b) statement opined per that below:

              First, the trial court maintains that [the defendant] has waived all of
              his issues on appeal by failing to file a timely statement of matters
              complained of on appeal pursuant to Rule 1925(b) of our Rules of
              Appellate Procedure. Waiver is no longer the remedy under such
              situations. Where the trial court does not address the issues raised
              in an untimely 1925(b) statement, we remand to allow the trial
              court an opportunity to do so. See Commonwealth v. Thompson,
              39 A.3d 335, 340 (Pa.Super. 2012). On the other hand, where, as
              here, the trial court has addressed the issues raised in an untimely
              Rule l 925(b) statement, we need not remand and may address the
              issues on their merits. See id.

Commonwealth v. Veon, 109 A.3d 754, 762 (Pa.Super. 2015), appeal granted on other grounds,
121 A.3d 954, 955 (Pa. 2015). (Emphasis added). See also Commonwealth v. Grohowski, 980
A.2d 113, 115 (2009)("In the event a Rule 1925(bf statement is filed late by a represented
criminal defendant, such constitutes per se ineffectiveness so that the proper remedy is to remand
for the filing of such a statement nune pro tune. Commonwealth v. Burton, 973 A.2d 428
(Pa.Super. 2009) (en bane)").

       Furthering the interest of avoiding in this case even additional delay beyond that which to

date has been occasioned and consistent with this di::~~tion of the appellate courts cited above,

the three (3) error assignments raised in Defendant Spurell' s matters complained of statement are

discussed below, albeit recognizing this statement was belatedly filed.




                                                  9
   III. The trial court abused its discretion and/or committed an error of law by denying
 Defendant's pretrial for dismissal [sic] for violation of Rule 600 and allowing the matter to
 proceed to trial before jury, where the underlying incident took place in May of 2005 and
 charges were not brought against him until July 17, 2012, notwithstanding that Defendant
     was incarcerated and under county supervision, with his whereabouts known by the
                           Commonwealth,from 2008through 2011.

         By way of his first appellate complaint, Defendant Spurell maintains this court abused its

discretion and/or committed         legal error by denying his Motion for Dismissal                  Pursuant to

Violation of Rule 600.        See Statement of Matters Complained, No. 1. See also Motion for

Dismissal Pursuant to Violation of Rule 600. As the prosecution on the salient and credible case

record    sufficiently   established    Defendant     Spurell's    whereabouts      were    unknown         for the

overwhelming majority of the disputed time frame despite the Commonwealth                          exercising due

diligence to secure his apprehension at bar, this court's decision to deny the Defendant's                     Rule

600 dismissal motion was not mistaken and any }_uch error assignment                        is meritless.      N.T.

4/16/13, p. 12.

         Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 60023 in salient part states:

                  (A)

                           (3) Trial in a court case in which a written complaint is
                               filed against the defendant,' when the defendant is at
                               liberty on bail, shall commence no later than 365 days
                               from the date on which the complaint is filed.

                  (C) In determining the period for commencement                 of trial, there
                      shall be excluded therefrom:      ·

                           (1) the period of time between, the filing of the written
                               complaint and the defendant's arrest, provided that the
                               defendant could not be apprehended because his or

23
    The present version of Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 600 became effective on July l, 2013. See
 Pa.R.Crim.P. 600. As Defendant Spurell's Rule 600 claim litigation took place in April 2013, the court for purposes
 of this appellate complaint references that version of Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 600 in effect at the
 time of the hearing and the challenged dismissal application's denial. Pa.R.Crim.P. 600. See also N.T. 4/16/13, p.
  12.
                                                          10
                               her whereabouts were unknown and could not be
                               determined by due diligence; ...

                          (3) such period of delay at any stage of the proceedings as
                              results from:

                                   (a) the unavailability of the defendant ....

                  (G) For defendants on bail after the expiration of 365 days, at any
                  time before trial, the defendant or the defendant's attorney may
                  apply to the court for an order dismissing the charges with
                  prejudice on the ground that this rule has been violated. . ..

                      If the court, upon hearing, shall determine that the
                  Commonwealth exercised due diligence and that the
                  circumstances occasioning the postponement were beyond the
                  control of the Commonwealth, the motion to dismiss shall be
                  denied and the case shall be listed for trial on a date certain. . . . If,
                  at any time, it is determined thar-·t1i'e Commonwealth did not
                  exercise due diligence, the court shall dismiss the charges and
                  discharge the defendant. ...

See Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(A)(3)(C)(l)(G). (Emphasis added).

          "Rule 600 generally requires the Commonwealth to bring a defendant ... to trial within

365 days of the date the complaint was filed." Commonwealth v. Hunt, 858 A.2d 1234, 1241

(Pa.Super. 2004). The Superior Court recently opined in Commonwealth v. Sloan1the following

in regard to Pa.R.Crim.P. 600 challenges:

                   'Rule 600 requires the court to consider whether the
                   Commonwealth exercised due diligence, and whether the
                   circumstances occasioning the delay' of trial were beyond the
                   Commonwealth's control.' If the Commonwealth exercised due
                   diligence and the delay was beyond the Commonwealth's control,
                   'the motion to dismiss shall be denied.' Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(G).24
                   The Commonwealth, however, has the burden of demonstrating by
                   a preponderance of the evidence that it exercised due diligence. As
                   has been oft stated, '[d)ue diligence is fact-specific, to be
                   determined case-by-case; it does not require perfect vigilance and
                   punctilious care, but merely a showing the Commonwealth has
                   put forth a reasonable effort.'

24
     The current version of Pa.R.Crim.P. 600 no longer includes Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(0). See Pa.R.Crim.P. 600.
                                                         11
See Commonwealth v. Sloan, 67 A.3d 1249, 1251-52 (Pa.Super. 2013) quoting Commonwealth v.
Bradford, 616 Pa. 122, 136, 46 A.3d 693, 701-02 (2012). (Emphasis added).

       When a court assesses whether the Commonwealth's efforts to apprehend a defendant

were duly diligent:

               The test is not a venture into hindsight reasoning as to whether, if
               certain individuals had been contacted, or other things done, an
               arrest would probably have been made., The matter of availability
               and due diligence must be judged by what was done by the
               authorities rather than what was not done. The standard of due
               diligence demands only reasonable efforts.

Commonwealth v. Faison, 471 A.2d 902, 903 (Pa.Super. 1984) citing Commonwealth v. Hinton,
409 A.2d 54, 57-58 (Pa.Super. 1979). (Emphasis in original and bold added).

        "In considering 'the information available to .. the police,' we do not ask whether the

police had available all the information they might have had available-in other words, whether

they did all they could have done. Instead, we ask whether what they did do was enough to

constitute due diligence." Commonwealth v. Laurie, 334 Pa.Super. 580, 584, 483 A.2d 890, 892

(Pa.Super. 1984) quoting Commonwealth v. Dorsey,__ ,. 294 Pa.Super. 584, 588, 440 A.2d 619, 621

( 1982); and Commonwealth v. Ingram, 404 Pa.Super. 560, 567-68, 591 A.2d 734, 73 7 (1991).

 (Emphasis in original).

        The Superior Court in Commonwealth v. Branch found that police officials initially

 exercised sufficient due diligence for purposes of reversing a dismissal pursuant to a Rule 1100

 (Rule 600) claim, despite law enforcement after a period of time discontinuing those pursuits.

 Commonwealth v. Branch, 337 Pa.Super. 22, 25-28, 486 A.2d 460, 461-63 (1984).             In so

 concluding, the appellate court well appreciated that "[p ]olice officers must make choices,

 devoting more attention to some crimes than to others, and foregoing some lines of inquiry that



                                                 12
they would pursue if they had more resources.   Id. 337 Pa.Super. at 27, 486 A.2d at 462 citing

Commonwealth v.Dorse~supra.

       Recognizing that necessary due diligence does not require all encompassing and

ceaseless law enforcement efforts, the Superior Court.in Commonwealth v. McDermot~found the

following investigative actions by involved police to be sufficient to reject a defendant's claim

otherwise: Attempted to execute a warrant; Visited areas where the defendant was thought to
                                                         ,,,..l.r:'·




frequent as well as his known residence; Contacted other police districts; Distributed

photographs of the defendant; Communicated with the defendant's employer; and Placed the

defendant in the NCIC database. Commonwealth v. McDermott, 280 Pa.Super. 535, 536-37, 421

A.2d 851, 852 (1980). Despite such efforts, the defendant remained at large during which time
                                                     ../·'"''                )


he was arrested twice by the same detective division that had secured the arrest warrant.

Resulting from these unrelated arrests, police queried the NCIC database, mistakenly believed

the defendant then had no outstanding warrants) and on both occasions released him. Id. In

concluding that the investigative efforts of law enforcement recounted above established due

diligence, even though throughout the course of the investigation into his whereabouts the

 defendant had twice been in the custody of the very same police agency searching for him, the

 Superior Court observed that below:

               It is not the function of our courts to second-guess the methods
               used by police to locate accused persons. The analysis to be
               employed is whether, considering the information available to the
               police, they have acted with diligence in attempting to locate the
               accused. Deference must be afforded the police officer's judgment
               as to which avenues of approach will be fruitful.

 Id. 280 Pa.Super. at 538, 421 A.2d at 852-53 quoting Commonwealth v. Mitchell, 472 Pa. 553,
 566, 372 A.2d 826, 832 (1977).



                                                13
       Similarly, the Superior Court has found police agencies employed the requisite Rule 600

due diligence through varying degrees of investigative measures, although such efforts1 when

viewed retrospectivelyJ were not comprehensive and in duration limited.            As found per

Commonwealth v Dorsey, the investigating police acted with due diligence on searching only

over a span of months for the defendant by only pursuing the fc'Iowing: Visiting the defendant's

residence five (5) times; Entering the defendant's name in the Pennsylvania Crime Center

Computer; and Distributing the defendant's photograph. Commonwealth v. Dorsey supra 294

Pa.Super. at 590, 440 A.2d at 622. Law enforcement authorities in Commonwealth v. Cooper

were found to have exercised due diligence on: Placing the defendant's name in the NCIC;

Contacting the defendant's parole officer; Visiting locations where the defendant was thought to

reside; Searching about the neighborhood for the defendant; Contacting the local law

enforcement; Posting photographs of the defendant; Checking with the Bureau of Motor

Vehicles as to the defendant's residence; and Contacting the Postal Inspector regarding the

defendant's mailing address. Commonwealth v. Cooper, 333 Pa.Super. 559, 570, 482 A.2d 1014,

 1019 (1984).

        The standard of review on appeal relevant to a Pa.R. Crim.P. 600 challenge is one where

 an appellate court " ... will reverse only if the trial court abused its discretion." Commonwealth

 v. Bradford supra 616 Pa. at 134, 46 A.3d at 700 quoting Commonwealth v. Selenski, 606 Pa. 51,

 5 8, 994 A.2d 1083, 1087 (2010). "An abuse of discretion is not merely an error of judgment, but

 if in reaching a conclusion the law is overridden or misapplied, or the judgment exercised is

 manifestly unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-will ... discretion is

 abused." Id. quoting Commonwealth v. Selenski supra 606 Pa. at 58, 994 A.2d at 1087 citing

 Commonwealth v. Wright, 599 Pa. 270, 310, 961 A.2d 119, 142 (2008). An appeals court is" ...

                                                 14
limited to the record evidence from the Rule 600 hearing and the findings of the lower court,

viewed in the light most favorable to the prevailing party."                Id. quoting Commonwealth v.

Selenski supra 606 Pa. at 58, 994 A.2d at 1088 citing Commonwealth v. Solano, 588 Pa. 716,

727, 906 A.2d 1180, 1186 (2006).

        The Superior Court in Commonwealth v. Aaron has also recognized concerning appellate

review of a trial court's Rule 600 decision:

                 Additionally, when considering the trial court's ruling, this Court is
                 not permitted to ignore the dual purpose behind Rule [600]. Rule
                 [600] serves two equally important functions: (1) the protection of
                 the accused's speedy trial rights, and (2) the protection of society.
                 In determining whether an accused's right to a speedy trial has
                 been violated, consideration must be given to society's right to
                 effective prosecution of criminal cases, both to restrain those guilty
                 of crime and to deter those contemplating it. However, the
                 administrative mandate of Rule [600] was not designed to insulate
                 the criminally accused from good faith prosecution delayed
                 through no fault of the Commonwealth.

Commonwealth v. Aaron, 804 A.2d 39, 42 (Pa.Super. 2002) (en bane) (internal citations
omitted).

         Defendant Spurell lodged on April 15, 2013, his counseled Motion for Dismissal

Pursuant to Violation of Rule 6001 contending that the Commonwealth) by not bringing him to

trial within one (1) year of the criminal complaint's 2005 filin~ failed to exercise needed due

 diligence in locating his whereabouts for at least a significant portion of the intervening years.

See Motion for Dismissal Paragraph Nos. 1-3.25 More specifically, the Defendant maintained per

 his motion that had investigating police officials diligently pursued him given his arrest and

 incarceration in 2008, his being in 2010 placed on probation and under court oversight through


                                                 --
 25Defendant Spurell through counsel seemingly conceded that his'whereabouts from the arrest warrant's issuance in
 May 2005 through his unrelated Philadelphia County arrest as of 2008 were not known to the Commonwealth even
 with law enforcement acting diligently to locate him. See Motion for Dismissal - Paragraph No. 3. See also1N.T.
 4/15/13, pp. 47-49. N.T. 4/16/13, pp. 4-6.
                                                         15
2011, his whereabouts thus should have been known to the Commonwealth            well prior.   See

Motion for Dismissal - Paragraphs 3, 4, 7.

       On the same day (April 15, 2013), a hearing stemming from this dismissal motion began

before this court, later was adjourned at defense counsel's request, resumed and concluded the

next day, April 16, 2013. N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 58-59. Consistent with the motion's averments, his

lawyer contended that because of Defendant Spurell' s various contacts with the Philadelphia

court and penal systems.as well as his subsequent incarceration at state correctional institutions

during the intervening times, the Delaware County District Attorney's Office and/or the Aston

Township Police Department should have then been much sooner aware of his location(s). The

Defendant's attorney relatedly argued that the charging police agency and/or involved

prosecutor's office was obligated to implement some.type of protocol in coordination with all

other material criminal justice organizations of the Commonwealth to review on a weekly,

monthly, bi-annual, or at least yearly basis whether all persons wanted before the Delaware

County courts were imprisoned other than at the George W. Hill Correctional Facility (Delaware

County Prison). In sum, defense counselJon advar1cing support of the dismissal claim 1focused

solely on what he felt was not done by the police and summarily ignored those efforts law

enforcement undertook to locate the Defendant. N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 5-9, 49-58 and N.T. 4/16/13,

pp. 3-10. Salient to current considerations, the facts summarized infra were established at these

 proceedings. N.T. 4/15/13 and N.T. 4/16/13.

        The Commonwealth first verified that the criminal complaint was filed against the

 Defendant with the Magisterial District Court on May 13, 2005. N.T. 4/15/13, p. 9. See also

 Commonwealth's Exhibit CM-1 - Criminal Complained dated May 13, 2005.                         The

 Commonwealth next established that following thejdentification        of Defendant Spurell as a

                                                 16
suspect in the robbery of a Family Dollar store in Aston, Pennsylvania and the lodging of the

criminal complaint, his relevant information was entered into National Crime Information Center

("NCIC") database by Sergeant Jeffrey Brown, Aston Township Police Department, on May 13,

2005. N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 11-12, 24. See also Commonwealth Exhibit CM-2 - NCIC Entry

Worksheet. The NCIC is a database of suspects presently at large with nationwide criminal

justice agency accessibility, and in the event a wanted defendant is placed in custody elsewhere,

the apprehending agency on such a query is notified of the outstanding warrant-detainer in the

original jurisdiction and informs the initiating law enforcement department of a person's

custodial seizure. N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 18-19. Generally, through the use of the NCIC database the

reporting police department is quickly advised of a suspect' s subsequent apprehension by an

involved criminal justice agency. N.T. 4/15/13, p. 20. Defendant Spurell remained on the NCIC

system throughout the continuing investigation from the criminal complainant's lodging, May

13, 2005, until he was transported to George W. Hill Correctional Facility (Delaware County

Prison) on June 12, 2012. N.T. 4/15/13, p. 15.

        In addition to timely entering Defendant Spurell's relevant information onto the NCIC

database, the Aston Township Police Department issued a broadcast on the same date the

criminal complaint was lodged and resulting arrest warrant issued (May 13, 2005) to all

Delaware County law enforcement officials to "be-on-the-lookout" for the Defendant. N.T.

 4/15/13, pp. 12-13.

        During the course of his investigation, Sergeant Brown also determined that the

 Defendant did not reside in Delaware County, as well as that he was not incarcerated at the

 George W. Hill Correctional Facility (Delaware County Prison). N.T. 4/15/13, p. 13.



                                                 17
       Subsequent   and timely to the criminal complaint      being filed and arrest warrant's

issuance, Detective David Berkeyheiser,    Aston Township Police Department,      on discovering

Defendant   Spurell' s last known residence   was that of Philadelphia    County contacted the
                                                                                  I

Philadelphia Police Warrant Division for assistance in apprehending the Defendant.           N.T.

4/15/13, p. 26. Despite their efforts, the Philadelphia Warrant Division was unsuccessful in their

attempts to locate Defendant Spurell. N.T. 4/15/13, p. 27.

       Detective Berkeyheiser also sought and secured the assistance of the United States
                                                      ---
Marshals in a further effort to apprehend the Defendant by taking part in a program entitled

Operation Falcon J during both the years of 2006 and 2007. N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 27-28. Operation

Falcon is a weeklong program spearheaded by the United States Marshals Service that is

coordinated with local law enforcement agencies to locate individuals currently wanted through

active warrants. N.T. 4/15/13, p. 27. In both 2006 and 2007, joint searches between the Aston

Township Police Department and the United States Marshals through Operation Falcon were

conducted for Defendant Spurell. N.T. 4/15/13, p. 28. Despite these two (2) investigative search

efforts, Detective Berkeyheiser and the United States Marshals were unsuccessful in locating and

apprehending the Defendant.      N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 28-29. In the event that a fugitive is not

apprehended during Operation Falcon's active investigations, the United States Marshals retain

the suspect' s information for future notifications should he or she later be placed in unrelated

 custody. N.T. 4/15/13, p. 28.

        Per the stipulation of the attorneys, a copy of the Defendant's Philadelphia prison system

 record was admitted at the Rule 600 hearing. N.T. 4/15/13, p. 32. See also Commonwealth

 Exhibit CM-3 - Philadelphia Prison System Classification Movement and Record Unit

 Information. This documentation revealed that Defendant Spure111as of 2008J was incarcerated in

                                                 18
Philadelphia County and state correctional institutions, on probation in Philadelphia County

and/or otherwise at large during the time period he was being pursued by the Aston Township

Police Department, the Philadelphia Police Warrant Division, and the United States Marshals.

N.T. 4/15/13, p. 32. See also Commonwealth Exhibit CM-3 - Philadelphia Prison System

Classification Movement and Record Unit InformatI;;-n.26

        Defendant Spurell' s prison system record first indicated that he was past arrested in

Philadelphia on February 25, 2005. N.T. 4/15/13, p. 34. Following his arrest on February 25,

2005, Defendant Spurell was released on bail at an unknown date. N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 36-37. A

bench warrant was issued on March 11, 2008, for the Defendant in Philadelphia County

stemming from his failure to appear at a trial listing. N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 37-38. This bench

warrant (March 11, 2008) was then rescinded on July 24, 2008, after the Defendant was

apprehended in Philadelphia County. N.T. 4/15/13, p. 38. See also Commonwealth Exhibit CM-

3 - Philadelphia Prison System Classification Movement and Record Unit Information.

        A second bench warrant was issued on March 16, 2009, by the Philadelphia courts for the

Defendant resulting from his again failing to appear at a. scheduled court listing. N.T. 4/15/13, p.

 38. This second bench warrant was rescinded on April 24, 2009. N.T. 4/15/13, p. 39. See also

 Commonwealth Exhibit CM-3 - Philadelphia Prison System Classification Movement and

 Record Unit Information.

         Following the disposition of his case on July 6, 2009, the Defendant was sentenced by the

 Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas to an eleven and one half (11.5) to twenty-three




 26
    The information about the Defendant's commitments and recommitments was further supplemented by the
 Assistant District Attorney's explanatory narrative about his related Philadelphia County court involvement, all
 proffered by stipulation and/or without disputed otherwise. N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 32-44.
                                                          19
(23) month county prison sentence. N.T. 4/15/13, p. 39. See Commonwealth Exhibit CM-3 -

Philadelphia Prison System Classification Movement and Record Unit Information.

       A bench warrant was issued on September 27, 2010, stemming from Defendant Spurell's

violation of probation. N.T. 4/15/13, p. 39. Following a Gagnon II hearing that took place on

October 13, 2011, the Defendant was sentenced anew. N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 39-40. See also

Commonwealth Exhibit CM-3 - Philadelphia Prison System Classification Movement and

Record Unit Information.

       Defendant Spurell was then transferred on October 17, 2011, to the Graterford state

correctional institution.   N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 40-41.     The Defendant was next subsequently

transferred on November 14, 2011, to theCamp Hill state correctional institution. N.T. 4/15/13,

p. 41. Defendant Spurell was finally moved on February 1, 2012, to the state correctional

institution at Forest. N.T. 4/15/13, p. 41. After being transferred to the Forest state correctional

institution, the Delaware County District Attorney's Office was notified on May 7, 2012, of the

Defendant's imprisonment at that penal facility and a-resulting detainer was issued the same date

(May 7, 2012). N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 41-42.

        Defendant Spurell was transported on June 12, 2012, to George W. Hill Correctional

Facility (Delaware County Prison). N.T. 4/15/13, p. 42. The Defendant's preliminary hearing

took place on July 11, 2012, before the Magisterial ··District Court. See AOPC Docket. On

 August 9, 2012, Defendant Spurell was formally arraigned before the trial court. See AOPC

 Docket.

        The Defendant's first listing before this court was on August 27, 2012, for a pre-trial

 conference. See AOPC Docket. The matter was then scheduled for trial on October 15, 2012, at

 which per defense counsel's request the case was continued. See AOPC Docket. See also N.T.

                                                 20
4/15/13, p. 7. A second trial listing before this court took place on November 7, 2012, where the

Defendant's attorney again sought a continuance. N.T. 4/15/13, p. 7. See also AOPC Docket.

On December 21, 2012, Mr. Malley was appointed as the Defendant's trial lawyerlesulting from

the Delaware County Public Defender's Office having just lodged its conflict petition. See

Petition to Appoint Counsel and Order dated December 21, 2012. At the next trial date of
                                                               ..
January 8, 2013, Mr. Malley requested a continuance. N.T. 4/15/13, p. 7. See also AOPC

Docket. Following another defense counsel rescheduling request, trial was once more continued

on January 14, 2013. On January 18, 2013, defense counsel again continued trial until February

26, 2013. N.T. 4/15/13, p. 7. See also AOPC Docket. Due to the unavailability of Defendant

Spurell's attorney on February 26, 2013, trial wai(;nce more reset to April 15, 2013. N.T.

4/15/13, p. 7. See also AOPC Docket.

         On April 15, 2013, the relevant hearing regarding the Defendant's Motion for Dismissal

Pursuant to Violation of Rule 600 took place. See Motion for Dismissal Pursuant to Violation of

 Rule 600. This court on April 16, 2013, denied Defendant Spurell's Rule 600 dismissal claim

 and immediately after the denial of this motion1his trial commenced.27 N.T. 4/16/13, p. 12.



 27
   Subsequent to SCI Forest being the first penal facility to seemingly conduct an NCIC query of Defendant Spurell
 and notifying the District Attorney's Office of his whereabouts, any delay in the matter moving to trial was clearly
 not attributable to the prosecution, but rather resulted from the numerous, defense continuance applications. N.T.
 4/15/13, p. 7 and AOPC Docket. See also Commonwealth v. Hunt supra 858 A.2d at 1241.

  The Pennsylvania Supreme Court in Commonwealth v. Hunt has past provided the below guidance in calculating a
 Rule 600 claim:

                   In assessing a Rule 600 claim, the court must exclude from the time for
                   commencement of trial any periods during which the defendant was unavailable,
                   including any continuances the defendant requested . . . . If the defense does
                   indicate approval or acceptance of the continuance, the time associated with the
                   continuance is excludable under Rule 600 as a defense request. Commonwealth
                   v. Guldin, 502 Pa. 66, 71, 463 A.2d 1011, 1014 (1983).

 Id.
                                                          21
         While it is uncontroverted   the prosecution   did not bring Defendant    Spurell to trial

without one (1) year of the date the criminal complaint was lodged against him (May 13, 2005)

as approximately intervening eight (8) years accrued until the start of his trial (April 16, 2013),

the Commonwealth)on     the material record at bar, credibly established by a preponderance of the

evidence that reasonable due diligence was exercised in its efforts to ascertain his whereabouts

and despite such, the Defendant's   location was not known to the prosecution until it was finally

contacted in May 2012 by SCI Forest personnel.      See Commonwealth v. Sloan.supraGl A.3d at

1251-52,quoting Commonwealth v. BradfordsupraGib Pa. at 136, 46 A.3d at 701-02.

       This court declined to engage in the hindsight analysis mandated by defense counsel's

argument of focusing on just that whichhe believed -investigating police should have done to

sooner locate the Defendant, but rather, as past held by the appellate courts; viewed the salient

evidence of those efforts law enforcement in fact undertook to learn of Defendant Spurell' s

whereabouts. Commonwealth v. Faison1supra147l Pa. at 9031 citing Commonwealth v. Hinton1

supra1409 A.2d at 57-58. See also Commonwealth v: Laurie, supra1334 Pa.Super. at 584, 483

A.2d at 8921quoting Commonwealth v. Dorsey,supra,294 Pa.Super. at 588, 440 A.2d at 621; and

 Commonwealth v. Jngram,supra,404 Pa.Super. at 567-68, 591 A.2d at 737. Moreover, it is not

 for this court to substitute its or the subjective judgment of the Defendant's lawyer " ' ... and

 second-guess the methods used by police to locate ... '· " Defendant Spurell. Commonwealth v.

 McDermott,supra ,280 Pa.Super. at 538, 421 A.2d at 852-531 quoting Commonwealth v. Mitchell

 supra 472 Pa. at 566, 372 A.2d at 832. To the contrary, the investigative avenues utilized by law

 enforcement are to be afforded deference. Id. When the instant case record is viewed under

 these proper standards, the denial of the Defendant's Rule 600 dismissal claim is evident.



                                                 22
       From the criminal complaint's lodging against the Defendant and the resultant issuing of

an arrest warrant through 2007 involved police actively pursued his whereabouts.       Defendant

Spurell's wanted person status was timely listed in the NCIC nationwide database. N.T. 4/15/13,

pp. 11-12.   See also Commonwealth Exhibit CM-2 - NCIC Entry Worksheet.               The Aston

Township Police Department had an immediate county wide law enforcement alert issued for the

Defendant. N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 12-13. On learning that Defendant Spurell was most probably a

Philadelphia County resident, an investigating detective made contact with the Philadelphia

Police Warrant Division and enlisted its assistance in an effort to locate the Defendant. N.T.

4/15/13, p. 27. This same investigating detective thereafter as well sought and secured the aid of

the United States Marshals Service through which.in both 2006 and 2007 such combined federal
                                                                         )

and local law enforcement attempts were made to learn of Defendant Spurell' s whereabouts.

N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 27-29.

       Although the proactive investigative efforts detailed above slowed subsequent to 2007,

pursuit of the Defendant certainly remained ongoing through his apprehension. The Marshals

Service retained his relevant information and wanted status in the event Defendant Spurell was

later taken into unrelated custody.      N.T. 4/15/13, p. 28.      Additionally, of even greater

consideration, the Defendant's status as an accused wanted in connection with the above-

captioned matter remained in the NCIC national database until the day he was committed at bar

to the George W. Hill Correctional Facility (Delaware County Prison) and was the seeming

mechanism through which SCI Forest personnel finally came to notify the Delaware County

 District Attorney's Office of Defendant Spurell's whereabouts. N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 15, 18-20, 41-

 42.



                                                23
        Simply because the affirmative actions of police officials searching for the Defendant

over time lessened does vitiate those efforts law enforcement in fact undertook. As the Superior

Court has past recognized,police authorities are constrained to " ... make choices, devoting more

attention to some crimes than to others, and foregoing some lines of inquiry that they would

pursue if they had more resources." Commonweal~~.,,Y. Branc\supra,337                       Pa.Super. at 27, 486

A.2d at 462/iting Commonwealth v. Dorsey supra.

        This court cannot readily discern from the record at bar wh~despite Defendant Spurell's

listing in the NCIC database) Delaware County authorities were not notified of neither his

commitments to the Philadelphia penal system nor .~is admission to the Graterford and Camp

Hill state correctional institutions. The court similarly on the instant record was not afforded a

direct explanation about why his Philadelphia County court involvement did not trigger

notification via NCIC of the Defendant's whereabouts. N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 34, 37-38, 39, 41-42.

See also Commonwealth Exhibit CM-3 - Philadelphia Prison System Classification Movement

and Record Unit Information. Even defense counsel acknowledged that the Philadelphia County

and state penal systems failed to make standard and reasonably expected fugitive inquiries and/or

notifications. N.T. 4/15/13, p. 9.

         Undoubtedly, Defendant SpurelLfailing to ~ppear before the courts of Philadelphia

 County for scheduled court listings and twice being a bench warranted fugitive most probably

 added a layer of systematic confusion to his whereabouts as did the issuance of a third bench
                                                                        .}




 warrant for his being in violation of that jurisdiction's court supervision.28 N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 36-

 28
   As for defense counsel's argument that beyond the prompt NCiC "wanted person" designation had investigating
 police and/or the Delaware County District Attorney's Office regularly contacted other jurisdictions, including
 Philadelphia, the Defendant's whereabouts would have been known sooner, this court was just not overly impressed.
 N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 6-8, 47, 51-52. N.T. 4/16/13, pp. 5-10. Given Defendant Spurell was on some occasions in the
 custody of Philadelphia County authorities while at other times released on bail, a probation-parole absconder, in
 multiple instances a bench warranted fugitive, and transferred to the state prison system within three (3) days of his
                                                          24
40.   See also Commonwealth Exhibit CM-3 - Philadelphia Prison System Classification

Movement and Record Unit Information.                  The Defendant's        custodial transfer from the

Philadelphia penal system to the state prison system, and subsequent transfer within

approximately three (3) months to three (3) different state correctional institutions beginning

within three (3) days of his October 13, 2011, Philadelphia County Gagnon II hearing)also most

likely played a role in the notification of his location not being made known to Delaware County

authorities until his last SCI placement) while at all times yet being referenced in the NCIC

database as a wanted subject. N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 39-42. See also Commonwealth Exhibit CM-3 -

Philadelphia Prison System Classification Movement and Record Unit Information.

         The systematic failure of criminal justice agencies as described above to follow expected

procedures and resulting trial delays has been past addressed in the context of Rule 600 claims

by the Superior Court per that below:

                 The prosecutor cannot be charged with responsibility for the delay
                 because the system seems unable to find . . . defendants in their
                 custody ....

                 While it is difficult in an individual case to ascertain which of a
                 number of agencies are at fault . . . [n]one report to the
                 prosecutor . . . .

 Commonwealth v. Mines, 797 A.2d 963, 965, 966 (Pa.Super. 2002).

         Although the instant record does not afford any direct explanation about why Defendant

 Spurell's whereabouts were not made known sooner to the Aston Township Police Department

 and/or Delaware County District Attorney's Office via the long standing NCIC entry of his

 wanted status at bar on his Philadelphia County arrest, court involvement and resulting


 October 2011 Gagnon II hearing, any such contacts would have at best been random chances of then ascertaining his
 whereabouts. N.T. 4/15/13, pp. 36-42. See also Commonwealth Exhibit CM-3 - Philadelphia Prison System
 Classification Movement and Record Unit Information.
                                                       25
commitments to that county's as well as the state penal system, such failures from that cited

above are circumstances     of delay " ' ... beyond the Commonwealth's            control   .... ' "

Commonwealth v. Sloan supra 67 A.3d at 1251-52 quoting Commonwealth v. Bradford supra

616 Pa. at 136, 46 A.2d at 701-02. See also Commonwealth v. Mines supra 797 A.2d at 966

(" ... [T]he delays were occasioned by agencies outsidethe control of the prosecution .... ")

       This court past concluded that the Commonwealth by a preponderance of the evidence

demonstrated that it acted with due diligence in its attempt to bring Defendant Spurell to trial.

N.T. 4/16/13, p. 12. The Defendant's unknown whereabouts due to his incarceration in both the

Philadelphia and state penal systems, as well as probationary supervision was beyond the

Commonwealth's control and knowledge. See Id. and Commonwealth v. Sloan supra 67 A.2d at

1251-52 quoting Commonwealth v. Bradford supra 616 Pa. at 136, 46 A.3d at 701-02. See also

Pa.R.Crim.P. 600(C)(l). Once finally being notified via its previous and promptly undertaken

NCIC entry of the Defendant's location, the Commonwealth quickly acted and the requisite

proceedings resulted. If this court were to have found otherwise the Philadelphia County and

state penal systems' respective failures to advise the Delaware County District Attorney's Office

and/or the Aston Township Police Department of the Defendant's incarceration would have

" ... insulate[d] the [Defendant] from good faith prosecution delayed through no fault of the

 Commonwealth." Commonwealth v. Aaron supra 804 A.2d at 42.

        In reaching its decision as to the Delaware County District Attorney's Office and/or the

 Aston Township Police Department's due diligence, the court did not "venture into a hindsight

 reasoning as to whether, if certain individuals had been: contacted, or other things done, an arrest

 would probably have been made," but instead examined the varied and affirmative action these

 authorities undertook.     Commonwealth v. Faiso1 supra1 471 A.2d at 903.                  See also

                                                  26
Commonwealth v. Laurie,supra,334   Pa.Super. at 584, 483 A.2d at 892 quoting Commonwealth v.

Dorsey1supra,294 Pa.Super. at 588, 440 A.2d at 62f; and Commonwealth v. Jngram.1supr°;404

Pa.Super. at 567-68, 591 A.2d at 737.

         Similar to the authorities in Commonwealth v. Branch, the Aston Township Police

Department initially conducted an extensive search for the Defendant. Commonwealth v. Branch,

supra.    Throughout their preliminary investigation' 'the Aston Township Police Department

oversaw the following steps to located Defendant Spurell: Entered the Defendant's information

into the NCIC database; Contacted the Philadelphia Warrant Division to search for the

Defendant at his last known residence; Issued a "be on the lookout" for the Defendant to other

Delaware County law enforcement agencies, Communicated with George W. Hill Correctional

Facility (Delaware County Prison) to find out if the Defendant Spurell was incarcerated at that

location; and Took part in two (2) weeklong searches with the United States Marshals. N.T.

4/15/13, pp. 11-13, 15, 26-28.     Examining the police actions in the light of previous and

comparable matters reveals that the Commonwealth did demonstrate due diligence.

Commonwealth v. Branch supra 337 Pa.Super. at 25-28, 486 A.2d at 461-63; Commonwealth v.

McDermott supra. See also Commonwealth v. Dorsey supra 294 Pa.Super. at 590, 440 A.2d at

622 and Commonwealth v. Cooper supra 333 Pa.Super. at 570, 482 A.2d at 1019.

         Only after these wide-ranging pursuits continiied for a number of years did the Aston

 Township Police Department eventually begin to limit their affirmative search for the Defendant.

 However, as their prior acts during the early stages of the investigation unquestionably

 demonstrated due diligenc) the Aston Township Police Department cannot be faulted for

 eventually limiting their proactive measures in their search for the Defendant as other concerns

 of importance required their attention together with law enforcement's acknowledged finite

                                                27
resources.     Commonwealth v. Branch ,supra) 337 Pa.Super. at 27, 486 A.2d at 462 citing

Commonwealth v Dorsey1supra.

         Although Defendant Spurell may argue the-Commonwealth's efforts to ascertain his

whereabouts fell short of" ... perfect vigilance and punctilious case ... ," the prosecution at bar

sufficiently and credibly established that which it was required, " ' a showing the

Commonwealth ... put forth a reasonable effort.' " Commonwealth v. Sloan;supra167 A.3d at

1251-52 quoting Commonwealth v. Bradford} supraJ 616 Pa. at 136, 46 A.3d at 701-02.

         Viewing this court's denial of the defense motion in the light most favorable to the

Commonwealth, the decision to reject the Defendant's Rule 600 dismissal claim should stand.as

this court did not commit an abuse of discretion. Commonwealth v. BradfordJsupra,616 Pa. at

 134, 46 A.3d at 700 quoting Commonwealth v. Selenski,supra)606 Pa. at 58, 994 A.2d at 1087.

By denying the Defendant's motion, this court did override or misapply the law at bar or reach a

decision based on "partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-will .... " Commonwealth v. Bradfor~supraJ

 616 Pa. at 134, 46 A.3d at 700 quoting Commonwealth v. Selenski,supraJ606 Pa. at 58, 994 A.2d

 at 1087 citing Commonwealth v. Wright supra 599.,Pa. at 310, 961 A.2d at 142. The court

 simply did not find the dismissal of the Defendant's charges was warranted because the

 Philadelphia County and state penal systems did not.for whatever the reasons.undertake expected

 NCIC inquiries and resultantly inform the Delaware County District Attorney's Office and/or the

 Aston       Township   Police   Department   sooner of the      Defendant's    various   locations.

 Commonwealth v. Aaron.supra ,804 A.2d at 42. In reaching its decision, this court provided due

 consideration to " ... the accused's speedy trial rights, and ... the protection of society."

 Commonwealth v. Aaron1supra1804 A.2d at 42. The Defendant's error assignment is meritless.



                                                 28
IV. Defendant's convictions on charges of Robbery - Threaten with Immediate Serious Bodily
  Injury (five counts), 18 Pa. C. S. A § 3701 §§ A(l)(ii) [sic]; and Criminal Conspiracy (one
   count), 18 Pa. C. S. A§ 903 §§ (A)(l) [sic] were against the weight and sufficiency of the
  evidence, where the matter should not have proceeded to trial as a result of the violation of
                                Defendant's Rule 600 rights.

          By this appellate complaint,29 Defendant Spurell is jointly challenging the sufficiency as

well as the weight of the evidence regarding his five (5) Robbery'? convictions and one (1)

Criminal Conspiracy to commit Robbery" conviction. Beyond the sufficiency and weight of the

evidence error assignments both just lacking merit, the Defendant's legal sufficiency claim

relating to all six (6) convictions should be deemed waived.

           The Superior Court has in the past observed that below relating to sufficiency of the

evidence challenges on direct appeal:

                   In order to preserve a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence
                   on appeal, the appellant's Rule 1925(b)statement must state with
                   specificity the element or elements of the crime upon which the
                   appellant alleges the evidence was insufficient.                See
                   Commonwealth v. Garland, 63 A.3d 339, 344 (Pa.Super. 2013);
                   Commonwealth v. Gibbs, 981 A.2d 274, 281 (Pa.Super. 2009).
                   'Such specificity is of particular importance in cases, where, as
                   here, the appellant was convicted of multiple crimes each of which
                   contains numerous elements that the Commonwealth must prove
                   beyond a reasonable doubt.'

Commonwealth v. Veon supra 109 A.3d at 775.

           A failure to specify the elements of the convicted crimes being challenged on appeal will

thus result in a legal sufficiency claim's waiver. Id. citing Commonwealth v. Garland supra 63

29
   Defendant Spurell again avers in his second appellate complaint that " ... the matter should not have proceeded to
trial as a result of the violation of Defendant's Rule 600 rights." See Statement of Matters Complained, No. 2. As
this court past discussed the Defendant's appellate challenge to his Rule 600 motion's denial, it sees no reason to
once again address the same. See Section Ill of this opinion. Moreover, this court is unaware of any legally
cognizable nexus between the Rule 600 dismissal claim and this appellate complaint's targeting of the trial evidence.
Hence, this court will now review Defendant Spurell's legal sufficiency and weight of the evidence claims. See
Statement of Matters Complained, No. 1.
 30
      18 Pa.C.S. §3701.
 31
      18 Pa.C.S. §903(3701).
                                                         29
A.3d at 344. See also Commonwealth v. McCree, 857 A.2d 188, 192 (Pa.Super. 2004) citing

Commonwealth v. Lemon 804 A.2d 34, 37 (Pa.Super. 2002) and Commonwealth v. Seibert, 799

A.2d 54, 62 (Pa.Super. 2002).

          The Defendant via his present appellate complaint is challenging all five (5) of his

Robbery32 and his single Criminal Conspiracy to com~it Robbery33 convictions without having

identified even a single element(s) of those crimes that he maintains the trial evidence did not

establish in support of this error assignment that as a matter of law his convictions are infirm. As

Defendant Spurell has failed to specify the purported elements of these convictions that he is

presently challenging on appeal, his complaints on appeal targeting the sufficiency of the

evidence should be deemed waived. Id. citing Commonwealth v. Garland supra 63 A.3d at 344.

           Assuming arguendo that the Defendant did not waive the legal sufficiency challenges by

failing to identify the elements supposedly not proven at trial salient to his five (5) Robbery34 and

Criminal Conspiracy to commit Robbery35 convictions, the Defendant's sufficiency of the

evidence averments are still meritless.

           In evaluating any type of sufficiency claim, the court must accept the evidence in the

 light most favorable to the Commonwealth and also drawing all rational evidentiary inferences
                                                        -.-..:.-

 determine whether a reasonable jury could have found that each element of the crime(s) charged

 was established beyond a reasonable doubt. Commonwealth v. Patterson, 940 A.2d 493, 500

 (Pa.Super. 2007) and Commonwealth v. Rosario, 438 Pa.Super. 241, 260-61, 652 A.2d 354, 364

 (1994) citing Commonwealth v. Calderini, 416 Pa.Super. 258, 260-61, 611 A.2d 206, 207 (1992)

 citing Commonwealth v. Jackson, 506 Pa. 469, 472-73, 485 A.2d 1102, 1103 (1984). A court

 32
      18 Pa.C.S. §3701.
 33
      18 Pa.C.S. §903(3701).
 34
      18 Pa.C.S. §3701.
 35
      18 Pa.C.S. §903(3701).
                                                  30
reviewing a sufficiency challenge " ... may not weigh the evidence and substitute [the court's]

judgment for the fact-finder."   Commonwealth v. Orr, 38 A.3d 868, 872 (Pa.Super. 2011) citing

Commonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 416 (Pa.Super. 2011) quoting Commonwealth v. Jones,

874 A.2d 108, 120-21 (Pa.Super. 2005) quoting Commonwealth v. Bullick, 830 A.2d 998, 1000

(Pa.Super. 2003) quoting Commonwealth v. Gooding, 818 A.2d 546, 549 (Pa.Super. 2003),

appeal denied, 575 Pa. 691, 835 A.2d 709 (2003).
                                                             .-s;;:'·
                                                      ',·

        The evidence at trial need not " ... preclude every possibility of innocence, and the fact

finder is free to resolve any doubts regarding a defendant's guilt." Commonwealth v. Hansley

supra 24 A.3d at 416 quoting Commonwealth v. Jones supra 874 A.2d at 120-21 quoting

Commonwealth v. Bu/lick supra 830 A.2d at 1000 quoting Commonwealth v. Gooding supra 818

A.2d at 549, appeal denied, 575 Pa. 691, 835 A.2d 709. Although a conviction must be based on

 " ... more than mere suspicion or conjecture, the Commonwealth need not establish guilt to a

 mathematical certainty." Commonwealth v. Davis, 861 A.2d 310, 323 (Pa.Super. 2004) citing

 Commonwealth v. Coon, 695 A.2d 794, 797 (Pa.Super. 1997). " ... [I]f the record contains

 support for the convictions, they may not be disturbed."                       Id. 861 A.2d at 323-24 citing

 Commonwealth v. Marks, 704 A.2d 1095, 1098 (Pa.Super. 1997) citing Commonwealth v.

 Mudrick, 510 Pa. 305, 308, 507 A.2d 1212, 1213 (1986).

         These long settled principles of law governing a sufficiency challenge are equally
                                                       ....... ,, ..,....,#"'

 applicable to cases where the evidence is circumstantial rather than direct, provided that the

 combination of inferential evidence links the accused to the criminality and/or establishes the

 crime's requisite element(s) beyond a reasonable doubt. Commonwealth v. Cox, 546 Pa. 515,

 528, 686 A.2d 1279, 1285 (1996).



                                                 31
       In deciding whether as a matter of law the trial evidence was sufficient to sustain a

conviction, it must be remembered"[ w]hen evaluating the credibility and weight of the evidence,

the fact finder is free to believe all, part or none of the evidence."   Commonwealth v. Patterson
                                                        ,_,.


supra 940 A.2d at 500 quoting Commonwealth v. Emler, 903 A.2d 1273, 1276-77 (Pa.Super.

2006). See also Commonwealth v. Hansley supra 24 A.3d at 416. Furthermore, the fact finder is

tasked with being the " ... sole judge[ ] of the credibility and weight of all testimony," and is

certainly free to reject or accept, in whole or part, the testimony of all witnesses. Pa. SSJI (Crim)

2.04. Regarding the offered testimony and other trial evidence, the finder of fact in making a

decision may choose what they value and discount what they find unpersuasive.

        The relevant section of the Robbery statute as defined in the Pennsylvania Criminal Code

is that below:
                                                           ... ,--
                 (1) A person is guilty of robbery if, in the course of committing a
                 theft, he: ...

                        (ii) threatens another with or intentionally puts him in fear
                        of immediate serious bodily injury; ....

 18 Pa.C.S. §3701(a)(l)(ii).

        Under the Pennsylvania Crimes Code, as applicable to the instant matter, for a robbery to

 constitute a felony of the first degree, the Commonwealth must show that in the course of

 committing a theft Defendant Spurell threatened another with or intentionally put another in fear

 of immediate serious bodily injury. Id. See also Commonwealth v. Kubis, 978 A.2d 391, 396

 (Pa.Super. 2009) and Commonwealth v. Thomas, 376 Pa.Super. 455, 460, 546 A.2d 116, 118-19

 (1988) citing Commonwealth v. Mays, 248 Pa.Super. 318, 321, 375 A.2d 116, 118 (1977).

         The proper focus of the robbery statute in determining the type of bodily harm threatened

 is a defendant's intent and actions, and whether he reasonably placed a victim in fear of

                                                   32
"immediate serious bodily injury,"36 not the victim's subjective state of mind. Commonwealth v.

Thomas supra 376 Pa.Super. at 459-60, 546 A.2d at 118 citing Commonwealth v. Morton, 355

Pa.Super. 183, 186, 512 A.2d 1273, 1275 (1986). Seealso Commonwealth v. Kubis supra 978
                                                             """'":•:.<··'-~ ... -




A.2d at 397-98. Any use or show of force directed to a person while committing a theft brings

that act within the scope of the crimes code's robbery provision. Commonwealth v. Duffey, 519

Pa. 348, 357-58, 548 A.2d 1178, 1182 (1988) citing Commonwealth v. Brown, 506 Pa. 169, 176,

484 A.2d 738, 741 (1984). This force may be actual orconstructive. Id. Actual force is applied
                                                               ·:.-. "''~\,_·',:'c"




to the body, while constructive force is the use of threatening words and/or gestures and operates

on the victim's mindset. Id.

        In sufficiently proving this mode of robbery, the prosecution may rely on circumstantial

evidence, in whole or part, to establish beyond a reasonable doubt all or some of this crime's
                                                                       _,,..;.>!?"




requisite elements, including a defendant's necessary intent. Commonwealth v. Davis supra 861

A.2d at 323 citing Commonwealth v. Coon supra 695 A.2d at 797. See also Pa.SSJI (Crim)

 7.02(A) and 7.02(B). The question is whether the threat intended by a defendant was calculated

 to instill fear of serious bodily injury. This necessary threatening or intent to put another in fear
                                                                         ~·'""''"

 of immediate serious bodily injury can be shown by a defendant's words, actions, and/or some

 combination of intimidating verbalizations and menacing activities. Threats to kill a victim

 support a fact finder concluding a defendant intentionally placed his victim in fear of immediate

 serious bodily injury. Commonwealth v.,Matthew, 589 Pa. 487, 494-95, 909 A.2d 1254, 1259
                                                                        _,--<~""-""'


 (2006). See also Commonwealth v. Hall, 574 Pa. 233, 242, 830 A.2d 537, 542 (2003) (Intent to


 36
   "Serious bodily injury" as used for purposes of robbery pursuant to Section 370l(a)(l)(ii) of the Pennsylvania
 Crimes Code is statutorily described as "bodily injury which creates a substantial risk of death or which causes
 serious, permanent disfigurement or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ."
 See 18 Pa.C.S. §2301. See also Pa. SSJI (Crim).15.370l(A); <;f;mmonwealthv. Brougher, 978 A.2d 373, 376-77
 (Pa.Super. 2009); and Commonwealth v. Thomas supra 376 Pa.Super. at 458, 546 A.2d at 118.
                                                        33
put victim in fear of immediate serious bodily injury can be shown from defendant verbalizing

reasons for his actions). The act(s) itself can allow a fact finder to inferentially determine a

defendant threatened or intentionally placed his victim in fear of immediate serious bodily injury.

Commonwealth v. Matthew supra 589 Pa. at 494-95, 909 A.2d at 1259. The brandishing of a

deadly weapon can certainly warrant a fact finder concluding an intent to implant fear of

immediate serious bodily injury and not just mere bodily injury. Commonwealth            v. Thomas

supra 376 Pa.Super. at 460, 546 A.2d at 118. See also Commonwealth v. Sirianni, 286 Pa.Super.

176, 183, 428 A.2d 629, 633 (1981).          Evidence of a defendant's aggressive actions that

threatened a victim's safety can also justify a jury finding the intent reasonably suggested by the

defendant's menacing conduct. Commonwealth v. Alford, 880 A.2d 666, 675 (Pa.Super. 2005)

citing Commonwealth v. Hopkins, 747 A.2d 910, 914-15 (Pa.Super. 2000).
                                                       ~.
        Salient to current considerations, the facts summarized infra were established at

Defendant Spurell's trial. N.T. 4/16/13.

        On the evening of May 12, 2005, three (3) men entered the Family Dollar located in

 Aston, Pennsylvania. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 35-36. Shortly after entering the store, two (2) of the

 robbers approached the cashier to purchase several items. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 36-37. Maria Evans

 (hereinafter referred to as "Ms. Evans") was then staffing the register. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 36. At

 trial, Ms. Evans described the two (2) men, "[t]hey were both black males. One was much taller

 than the other with a bigger build and facial hair and then the other one was short, also had facial
                                                       "~,.



 hair, but more to the skin than beardlike." N.T. 4/17/13, p. 36. Ms. Evans at trial identified the

 larger assailant as Defendant Spurell. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 40.

        After Ms. Evans completed the transaction with the shorter of the two (2) assailants, she

 proceeded to Defendant Spurell's items. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 36-37. While Ms. Evans was ringing

                                                  34
up the items, the shorter perpetrator walked behind the register's counter, grabbed her shirt, and

placed a gun to the back of her head.      N.T. 4/17/13, p. 37.        During this patently menacing

interaction, both the Defendant and his accomplice began yelling at Ms. Evans " ... to open the

cash register or they would kill me .... " N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 37-38.

       On Ms. Evans opening the register, Defendant Spurell took to its money while his

confederate kept ahold of Ms. Evans. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 38. Throughout this entire exchange, the

firearm was still situated in the back of Ms. Evans' neck. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 39. While Ms. Evans
                                                       c·,;;..·4,.~




was unable to see the firearm that was placed at the back of her head, on being asked at trial as to

what she felt she described the firearm as follows, "[m]etal and it was hard and using a good bit

of pressure. So just a square, metal, hard thing." N.T. 4/17/13, p. 44.

        Subsequent to Defendant Spurell ransacking the. cashier's drawer, the two (2) assailants
                                           ,''              _...,.,_




began to scream at Ms. Evans that they wanted access to the store's safe. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 39.

Ms. Evans informed the armed perpetrators that the safe was located in basement office

prompting the two (2) robbers to drag Ms. Evans to the back of the store towards the basement.

 N.T. 4/17/13, p. 39.

        The two (2) attackers proceeded to drag Ms. Evans down the stairs to the basement

 office. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 39. Defendant Spurell and his accomplice threw Ms. Evans in a corner

 of the office, instructing her to not move or they would kill her, while they forced the store's

 manager to provide them with the mone)'.' from the safe. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 40. While emptying

 the safe, Defendant Spurell and his partner continued to yell at the store manager before fleeing.

 N.T. 4/17/13, p. 41.

         The following day Ms. Evans went to the Aston Township Police Station where she gave

 a statement about the robbery. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 41-42. When at the police station, the officers

                                                  35
provided Ms. Evans a photo array for her review. N}.A/17/13,        p. 42. See also Commonwealth

Exhibit C-15 - Photo Array - Maria Evans. On being presented with the photo array, Ms. Evans

identified Defendant Spurell as one (1) of the armed robbers. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 42, 136. See

also Commonwealth Exhibit C-15 - Photo Array - Maria Evans.

       At the time of the robbery, Christiana Covington ("Ms. Covington") was shopping in the

Family Dollar store. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 46. Ms. Covington heard a scream followed by the cashier

advising an agitated robber that she was unable to open the drawer. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 48-49.

        As Ms. Covington walked to the front of the store, she was confronted by a man who told

her "No, don't do it, face down on the ring floor 1-1:ow." N.T. 4/17/13, p. 49. On being given

such a threat, Ms. Covington froze in place for approximately thirty (30) seconds and on the

attacker again ordering her to get down on the floor again he proceeded to lift up his shirt and

revealed a silver firearm at his waist. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 50, 56.

        During this interaction, Ms. Covington and ,the armed assailant were approximately two

 (2) feet away from each other. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 50. Ms. Covington described this individual as

 " ... [t]all, about 6'1", maybe 6'2". He's wearing a white shirt, bluejeans shorts, white sneakers.

 He has on white socks that came up to about his knees. He had a mustache, a beard, he had on a

 white hat." N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 49, 57. Ms. Covington described this individual's facial hair as a

 " ... goatee or whatever, like when they let them grow really long." N.T. 4/17/13, p. 49. At trial,

 Ms. Covington identified this person as Defendant Spurell. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 50.

        While Ms. Covington was lying face down on the ground, Defendant Spurell instructed

 her to hand over here cellular phone. N.T. 4/17/1~, p. 51. On Ms. Covington refusing his

 command, the Defendant took her cellular phone from her hip-clip before reaching into her back

 pocket and removing her wallet.        N.T. 4/17/13, p. 51.        After the Defendant seized Ms.

                                                  36
Covington's cellular phone and wallet, he proceeded to do the same to the other individuals in

the store. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 52. Ms. Covington then observed the armed perpetrators, including

Defendant Spurell, drag Ms. Evans to the basement.c-N.T. 4/17/13, p. 52.

       Subsequent to the robbery, Ms. Covington also went to the police station where she was

shown a photo array. See Commonwealth Exhibit C-1 - Photo Array - Christina Covington. On

presenting Ms. Covington with the photo array, the officers gave her the following instruction

"[t]hey said do you see the gentlemen that you saw in-the store, is he in this lineup. They said

take your time. If you don't see him, you know, that's fine. If you do, just point him out and let

me know." N.T. 4/17/13, p. 55. Ms. Covington immediately identified Defendant Spurell. N.T.

4/17/13, pp. 55, 135. See also Commonwealth Exhibit C-1 - Photo Array - Christina Covington.

       Ms. Covington on the night of the robbery was accompanied to the Family Dollar store

by her friend Melissa Wright ("Ms. Wright"). N.T. 4/17/13, p. 62. Ms. Wright testified that

while she was in the store she heard what she thought sounded like crying. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 62.

After hearing these noises, Ms. Wright witnessed Ms. Covington run to the front of the store, but

 soon returned in the custody a black male who told-the two (2) to get on the ground. N.T.

 4/17/13, p. 62. Ms. Wright described the man as wearing a white shirt, jeans, sneakers, and

 "kind of tall." N .T. 4/17/13, p. 63. When she was forced to the ground, Ms. Wright was within

 one (1) foot of the individual. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 63. On the man lifting up his shirt, Ms. Wright

 saw a gun handle. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 64. Ms. Wright then remained on the ground until after the

 Defendants had left the store. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 64-65.

        Adrienne Mayo ("Ms. Mayo") was shopping by herself in the Family Dollar on May 12,

 2005. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 70. Ms. Mayo heard a commotion in the front of the store that included a

 male and female voices screaming. N.T:'4/17/13, p.·"71. Ms. Mayo was then approached by a

                                                 37
black male who "seemed huge," with a beard and awhite shirt. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 73. This

individual motioned as though he possessed a firearm and was yelling at Ms. Mayo to get down

on the ground. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 72-73. After Ms. Mayo was on the floor ofthe store, the armed

assailant took her purse. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 74. When situated on the ground Ms. Mayo recalled

two (2) armed men and the cashier jumping over her before heading to the back of the store.

N.T. 4/17/13, p. 75.

       Mr. Robert Calciano ("Mr. Calciano"), the manager of the Family Dollar, inter alia,

testified at the Defendant's trial as to the video security system that was in place in the store at

the time of the robbery. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 82-83. The security system included four (4) cameras

attached to a VCR with a monitor in the office. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 82-83. The system recorded

video, but not audio. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 83. The surveillance video was played for the jury. N.T.

4/17/13, p. 95. See also Commonwealth Exhibit C-19 - Surveillance Video of Family Dollar.

        On the night of the robbery, Mr. Calciano initially heard Ms. Evans' scream causing him

to glance at the security monitoring system where he observed a person standing in the store's

front door. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 84. Mr. Calciano also noticed a hand "rifling through the drawer

just below the cash register." N.T. 4/17/13, p. 84. Acting under the assumption that the store

 was being robbed, Mr. Calciano immediately called the police. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 84. While on

 the phone with the police, Mr. Calciano continued to observe via the video cameras the

 individual at the door, the hand taking items from the register, and another person approaching

 the side of the counter. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 84-85.

        Mr. Calciano then saw the armedassailant whose hand had been in the register and the

 perpetrator who had approached the counter drag Ms. Evans to the back of the store. N.T.

 4/17/13, p. 85. The two (2) robbers proceeded down the stairs to the office with Ms. Evans.

                                                 38
N.T. 4/17/13, p. 86. The shorter, skinnier-offender, who was holding Ms. Evans, threw her to the

floor and told Mr. Calciano to get on the ground. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 87.

       Mr. Calciano described the two (2) robbers for the jury as "two African-American males,

one was short and skinny. The other one was taller, a little bit, don't want to say fat, but a little

bit stockier. Both were wearing blue jeans and white t-shirts."          N.T. 4/17/13, p. 86.    Mr.

Calciano further described the offenders' facial hair, "the taller one had a big bushy beard. The

other one did have facial hair, but it was much shorter." N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 87-88. At the time

Mr. Calciano observed these men they were roughly fifteen (15) to twenty (20) feet from him.

N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 86-87. At trial, Mr. Calciano identified the taller individual as Defendant

Spurell. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 87-88.

        When on the ground Mr. Calciano was instructed to open the safe forcing him to crawl

across the office floor. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 91. Mr. Calciano after opening the safe heard the two

 (2) armed assailants rifling around the safe and then-footsteps running up the steps out of the

 basement office. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 91-92.

        Following the robbery, Mr. Calciano inspected the safe and found" ... the nightly deposit

 was gone as well as all of the petty cash for making change for the cashiers." N.T. 4/17/13,

 p. 91. The deposit total was approximately three-thousand ($3,000.00) dollars, while the petty

 cash was somewhere between five hundred ($500.00) to six hundred ($600.00) dollars, made up

 of small denominations. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 91-92.

        The next morning Mr. Calciano went to the Aston Township Police Station. N.T.

 4/17/13, p. 98. After providing the police with a statement, Mr. Calciano was shown a photo

 array. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 99-100, 136. See also Commonwealth Exhibit C-16 - Photo Array -

 Robert Calciano. Mr. Calciano testified that the officers " ... asked me to take a look at it and let

                                                  39
them know if I recognized      anybody by placing an X above the picture or beside it."           N.T.

4/17 /13, p. 100. Mr. Calciano identified DefendantSpurell      and marked his picture with an "X."

N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 100, 136. See also Commonwealth Exhibit C-16 - Photo Array - Robert

Calciano.

       On May 12, 2005, Sergeant Jeffrey Brown, Aston Township Police Department, was in a

marked patrol vehicle approximately three (3) blocks away from the Family Dollar store when he

received a radio call of an armed robbery in progress at that place of business. N.T. 4/17/13, p.

113. Before arriving at the Family Dollar, he received a second radio call informing him that

" ... three black males left the store, entered a green Mercury Sable and left out the back parking

lot of the shopping center .... " N.T. 4/17/13, p. 113 ... -·

        On receiving this second dispatch, Sergeant Brown began his pursuit of the green

Mercury Sable. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 114-15. The sergeant detailed the chase of the automobile,

"[w]e continued through Chester Township into Chester City, down         9th   Street in Chester City to

Holland Avenue, Holland Avenue to the offramp of.322 or the on ramp of 322 where the vehicle

 crashed." N.T. 4/17/13, p. 116. The green Mercury Sable crashed into a culvert," ... a ditch

 with a pipe going through it that goes under the highway." N.T. 4/17/13, p. 116. Sergeant

 Brown arrived shortly after the crash and observed an officer fighting with a suspect, identified

 as Samson McQueen. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 116-17. At this time a police radio broadcast announced

 that the Chester City Police had a second male, identified as Anthony Ross, in custody

 approximately one hundred fifty (150) yards away from the scene of the crash. N.T. 4/17/13, pp.

 117-18.

         As searching for the third perpetrator, the responding officers discovered in the vicinity

 of the motor vehicle crash a sewer pipe large enough for a person to crawl through. N.T.

                                                     40
4/17/13, p. 118. Out of concern for officer safety, the responding police did not enter the sewer,

but requested other investigators to find the other end of the sewer. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 118. On

locating the far entrance of the sewer, the police officers discovered a pair of blue shorts, a

t-shirt, and a white hat, but did not find the third armed assailant, Defendant Spurell. N.T.

4/17/13, p. 119.

       At the time of the motor vehicle pursuit, Detective Chad Osborne, Aston Township

Police Department, was in an unmarked vehicle and in plain clothes. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 123. After

the automobile crashed, Detective Osborne took part in the discovery of the far entrance to the

sewer line and the clothing found at the scene. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 125.          Detective Osborne

described the clothing as a pair of jean shorts and a white shirt. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 125-26. On

inspecting the pockets of the jean shorts, Detective Osborne found approximately three thousand

dollars ($3,000) in United States currency. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 126. The officers also found a

wallet during their search of the immediate vicinity of the sewer. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 126. A further

investigation of the wallet revealed it belonged to Ms. Covington. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 126.

        Following the search of the area surrounding the crash and sewer, police had the

 automobile towed to the Aston Township Police Station and conducted an inventory search of its

 contents. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 127-28. See also Commonwealth Exhibit C-14 - Aston Township

 Police Department Property Sheet. This inventory search of revealed the following: "[A] Sprint

 Sanyo brand silver cell phone and a black case, two silver men's watches in plastic Family

 Dollar cases, four pairs of extra large shorts with Family Dollar labels, one New York baseball

 cap, $90 in cash, one silver and blue Sprint Samsung cell phone, one black Motorola cell phone,

 one silver Motorola cell phone, a key, a silver ring, $10 in cash, one disposable camera, a steak

 knife, Family Dollar bag with $100 US currency in coins, a brown corduroy pocketbook, a black

                                                 41
purse, a black pocketbook, a Pittsburgh baseball cap,_2ne Raptors baseball cap, a black t-shirt, a

bag of crack-cocaine."      N.T. 4/17/13, p. 128. See also Commonwealth Exhibit C-14 - Aston

Township Police Department Property Sheet. The brown corduroy purse was determined to

belong to Ms. Mayo, while the black purse was identified as Ms. Evans. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 128-

29.

            The Defendant via this assignment of error advances on appeal that the case record

recounted above was insufficient as a matter of law to sustain his five (5) Robbery37 convictions.

See Statement of Matters Complained, No. 2. Based on the applicable law and those salient facts

established at trial, as well as accepting the evidence
                                                 ~ '~".:~~.-
                                                             in the light most favorable to the

prosecution, Defendant Spurell's appellate complaint challenging the sufficiency of the evidence

related to the five (5) Robbery38 convictions is meritless. Commonwealth v. Patterson supra 940

A.2d at 500 and Commonwealth v. Rosario supra 438 Pa.Super. at 260-61, 652 A.2d at 364

citing Commonwealth v. Calderini supra 416 Pa.Super. at 260-61, 611 A.2d at 207 citing

 Commonwealth v. Jackson supra 506 Pa. at 472-73, 485 A.2d at 1103.

            Based on the multiple and varied witness identifications, it is doubtless that Defendant

 Spurell was one (1) of the armed assailants who robbed the employees and patrons of the Family

 Dollar store on the night in question. The.Defendant at trial was identified by three (3) witnesses
                                                         --~~~~.;.-




 to have been one (1) of the assailants who committed the robberies at the Family Dollar. N.T.

 4/17/13, pp. 40, 50, 87-88. Ms. Evans, Ms. Covington and Mr. Calciano were all certain in their

 trial identifications that the Defendant committed the robberies. Similarly, the trial descriptions

 of Defendant Spurell from Ms. Mayo and.Wright comported with the detailed accounts advanced
                                                          ;,_~,"'··




 by Ms. Evans, Ms. Covington and Mr. Calciano. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 63, 73. Following the

 37
      18 Pa.C.S. §3701.
 38   Id.
                                                   42
robberies, Ms. Evans, Ms. Covington, and Mr. Calciano were all separately shown photo arrays

at the Aston Township Police Department. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 41-42, 55, 100, 135-36. On being

presented with the photo arrays, all three (3) victims again without hesitation identified the

Defendant as the robber. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 41-42, 55, 100, 135-36.

       Testimony was also presented at Defendant Spurell's trial as to the items that were taken

and the recovery of those stolen items.

       During the course of the five (5) robberies,}~e,Defendant and his fellow assailants took

from the various victims numerous items, including purses, wallets, and cellular phones. N.T.

4/17/13, pp. 51, 52, 74, 126, 128. See also Commonwealth Exhibit C-14 - Aston Township

Police Department Property Sheet. In addition to these personal items being stolen from the

victims of the robbery, the money from not only the cashier's drawer, but also the contents of the
                                                     -·~·

safe were stolen from Family Dollar. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 37-39, 91-92, 126, 128. Many of these

items were eventually recovered during an inventory search of the fleeing motor vehicle in which

the Defendant was a passenger. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 127-28. See also Commonwealth Exhibit C-

 14 - Aston Township Police Department Property Sheet. Several other stolen items were also

 discovered with a pair of jean shorts that were found at the end of the sewer that the Defendant

 used to evade police during their search for him. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 126. Located with the pair of

 jean shorts was not only Ms. Covington's wallet, but also three thousand dollars ($3,000.00), the

 same amount as the Family Dollar nightly deposit thc1.t,was removed from the store's safe. N.T.

 4/17/13, pp. 91-92, 126.

        Beyond demonstrating that the Defendant was a most active participant in the robberies

 and that various items were stolen and recovered, the prosecution as well presented via the

 victims' detailed descriptions of Defendant Spurell's behavior and actions during the course of

                                                43
the robbery for the jury to readily appreciate his threats and intent to place each of them in fear

of immediate serious bodily injury.

       Throughout the robbery the Defendant and his fellow robbers menaced, threatened and

instilled fear of immediate serious bodily injury in the employees and patrons of Family Dollar.

See Commonwealth v. Kubis supra 978 A.2d at 396 and Commonwealth v. Thomas supra 376

Pa.Super. at 460, 546 A.2d at 118-19 citing Commonwealth v. Mays supra 248 Pa.Super. at 321,

375 A.2d at 118. See also Commonwealth v. Duffey supra 519 Pa. at 357-58, 548 A.2d at 1182

citing Commonwealth v. Brown supra 506 Pa. at 176, 484 A.2d at 741. At trial, multiple victims

testified that the Defendant was in possession of a firearm, while another testified that the

Defendant was waiving his arm around as though he had a firearm. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 39, 44, 50,

56, 64, 72-73. Ms. Evans testified that on being attacked by the Defendant his co-conspirator

grabbed her and pushed a firearm to the back of her head. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 39-44. See also
                                                        ..,..;·

 Commonwealth v. Thomas supra 376 Pa.Super. at 460, 546 A.2d at 118 and Commonwealth v.

Sirianni supra 286 Pa.Super. at 183, 428 A.2d at 633.

        In addition to their possessing firearms, her assailants grabbed Ms. Evans and ordered her

 to " ... open the cash register or they would kill me." N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 37-38, 40. See also

 Commonwealth v. Matthew supra 589 Pa. at 494-95, 909 A.2d at 1259 and Commonwealth v.

 Hall supra 574 Pa. at 242, 830 A.2d at 542.           Following their ransacking of the register,

 Defendant Spurell and his co-conspirator menacingly demanded Ms. Evans take them to the

 store's safe. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 39. Ms. Evans was then forcefully grabbed, pulled, and drug

 across the store, including over at least one (1) customer, who had at this time been threateningly

 demanded to lie on the ground. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 39-40. On reaching the door to the office, Ms.

 Evans was pushed down the stairs while under the continued physical menace of two (2) of the

                                                  44
perpetrators, including the Defendant. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 39-40. After being forced into the

basement office, Ms. Evans was thrown into a corner and was told " . . . not to move or they

would kill me." N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 39-40. See also Commonwealth v. Alford supra 880 A.2d at

675 citing Commonwealth v. Hopkins supra 747 A.2d at 914-15.

       Beyond the attacks committed against Ms. Evans, three (3) customers of the Family

Dollar (Ms. Covington, Ms. Wright, and Ms. Mayo) all suffered similar treatment from

Defendant Spurell and his co-conspirators throughout the course of the robbery. The Defendant

confronted the three (3) women and demanded each of them to lie face down on the ground

while intimidatingly displaying and/or referencing a firearm. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 49-50, 56, 62,

64, 72-74. See also Commonwealth v. Kubis supra 978 A.2d at 396; Commonwealth v. Thomas

supra 376 Pa.Super. at 460, 546 A.2d at 118-19 citing Commonwealth v. Mays supra 248

Pa.Super. at 321, 375 A.2d at 118; Commonwealth v. Sirianni supra 286 Pa.Super. at 183, 428

A.2d at 633; and Commonwealth v. Duffey supra 519 Pa. at 357-58, 548 A.2d at 1182 citing

 Commonwealth v. Brown supra 506 Pa. at 176, 484 A.2d at 741.             During each of these

 interactions, the Defendant stood merely a few feet ·from the victims. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 50, 63.

 Once on the ground, the Defendant forcibly removed their cellular phones, wallets, and purses

 from their persons. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 51, 52, 74.

        The store manager, Mr. Calciano, was as well subject to the Defendant's use of force and

 threats. While he was in the basement office, Mr. Calciano was alerted to the robbery by Ms.

 Evans' screams from the front of the store. N.T. 4/17/13, p. 84. The Family Dollar's security

 cameras allowed him to observe the Defendants attack his employee and drag her throughout the

 store and down a flight of stairs. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 84-87. See also Commonwealth v. Alford

 supra 880 A.2d at 675 citing Commonwealth v. Hopkins supra 747 A.2d at 914-15. Once the

                                                 45
Defendant and his accomplice reached the basement office, they ordered Mr. Calciano to get

down on the ground, similar to the customers they past encountered and robbed. N.T. 4/17/13,

pp. 87, 91. After Mr. Calciano was on the ground, the Defendant and his co-conspirator forced

him to open the safe and then stole its contents., including over three thousand dollars

($3,000.00). N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 91-92, 126. See also Commonwealth v. Matthew supra 589 Pa. at

494-95, 909 A.2d at 1259 and Commonwealth v. Hall supra 574 Pa. at 242, 830 A.2d at 542.

       In reviewing Defendant Spurell's sufficiency challenges to his five (5) robbery

convictions the court" ... may not weigh the evide1:1ce . and substitute [the court's] judgment for

the fact-finder." Commonwealth v. Orr supra 38 A.3d at 872 citing Commonwealth v. Hansley

supra 24 A.3d at 416 quoting Commonwealth v. Jones supra 874 A.2d at 120-21 quoting

Commonwealth v. Bu/lick supra 830 A.2d at 1000. If the court finds " ... the record contains

support for the convictions," the decisionmust remain.as the jury concluded. Commonwealth v.

Davis supra 861 A.2d at 323-24 citing Commonwealth v. Marks supra 704 A.2d at 1098 citing

 Commonwealth v. Mudrick supra 510 Pa. at 308, 507 A.2d at 1213. The jury in reaching these

 guilty verdicts was afforded at trial ample evidence in legal support of the same. As there was

 sufficient evidence for the jury to find, beyond ajeasonable doubt that Defendant Spurell

 committed these five (5) robberies, this court will not and is not permitted under well settled

 principles of law to replace the decision reached by the jury with its own conclusion otherwise.

 Resultantly, the Defendant's appellate complaint that his five (5) robbery convictions cannot be

 sustained is meritless.

        In addition to Defendant Spurell' s contention that sufficient evidence at trial as a matter

 of law did not support his five (5) robbery convictions, the Defendant as well challenges the



                                                 46
legal sufficiency of the evidence relating to his Criminal Conspiracy to commit Robbery39

conviction.

          Salient to this issue advanced by Defendant Spurell on appeal, Criminal Conspiracy''" is

defined per the Pennsylvania Criminal Code as follows:

                   (a) Definition of conspiracy.-- A person is guilty of conspiracy
                   with another person or persons to commit a crime if with the intent
                   of promoting or facilitating its commission he:

                          (1) agrees with such other person or persons that they or
                          one or more of them will engage in conduct which
                          constitutes such crime ... ; or

                          (2) agrees to aid such other person or persons m the
                          planning or commission of such crime ....

18 Pa.C.S. §903(a)(1)(2).

           "A conspiracy is an agreement to commit an unlawful act; the agreement can be proven

by the relation, conduct, or circumstances of the parties." Commonwealth v. Baskerville, 452

Pa.Super. 82, 93, 681 A.2d 195, 201 (1996) citing Commonwealth v. Glover, 399 Pa.Super. 610,

 616, 582 A.2d 1111, 1114 (1990) citing Commonwealth v. Jackson supra 506 Pa. at 473, 485

 A.2d at 1104. An overt act is " ... an act done in furtherance of the object of the conspiracy."

 Commonwealth v. Prep, 186 Pa.Super. 442, 451, 142 A.2d 460, 465 (1958) quoting

 Commonwealth v. Mezick, 147 Pa.Super. 410, 413, 24A.2d 762, 764 (1942). An overt act must

 only be shown to have been "committed by a co-conspirator" as it is not required to legally

 sustain a conspiracy conviction that each of the conspirators undertake actions to effectuate their

 criminal understanding.       Commonwealth v. Hennigan, 753 A.2d 245, 253 (Pa.Super. 2000)

 quoting Commonwealth v. Johnson, 719 A.2d 778,... 784 (Pa.Super. 1998) (en bane), appeal


 39
      18 Pa.C.S. §903.
 40   Id.
                                                    47
denied, 559 Pa. 689, 739 A.2d 1056 (1999) citing Commonwealth v. Swerdlow, 431 Pa.Super.

453, 458, 636 A.2d 1173, 1176-1177 (1994).           Commission of the object crime by any

conspirator satisfies the overt act necessary to the Commonwealth proving as a matter of law a

conspiracy. Commonwealth v. Sanchez, 82 A.3d 943, 973 (Pa. 2013) citing Commonwealth v.

Weimer, 602 Pa. 33, 39, 977 A.2d 1103, 1106 (2009). Once it is established that the defendant

entered into a criminal agreement " ... that defendant may be liable for the overt acts committed

in furtherance of the conspiracy regardless of which co-conspirator committed the act."

Commonwealth v. Murphy, 577 Pa. 275, 292, 844 A.2d 1228, 1238 (2004) citing Commonwealth

v. Wayne, 553 Pa. 614, 630, 720 A.2d 456, 463-64 (1998). See also Commonwealth v. Ruiz, 819

A.2d 92, 98 (Pa.Super. 2003) quoting Commonwealth v. Lambert, 795 A.2d 1010, 1016-17

(Pa.Super. 2002) quoting Commonwealth v. GalindesrTsb A.2d 1004, 1011 (Pa.Super. 2001);

Commonwealth v. Baskerville supra 452 Pa.Super. at 93, 681 A.2d at 201 citing Commonwealth

v. Robinson, 351 Pa.Super. 309, 316, 505 A.2d 997, 1001 (1986); and Commonwealth v.

Bachert, 271 Pa.Super. 72, 77, 412 A.2d 580, 583 (1979).

       Circumstantial evidence is sufficient to prove evidence of a conspiracy. Commonwealth

v. Maxwell, 354 Pa.Super. 555, 561, 512 A.2d 679, 682 (1986) citing Commonwealth v. Carter,

272 Pa.Super. 411, 414, 416 A.2d 523, 524 (1979). The prosecution is under no obligation to

prove a conspiracy through " . . . direct proof or an explicit or formal agreement."

 Commonwealth v. Robinson supra 351 Pa.Super. at 316, 505 A.2d at 1001 citing Commonwealth

 v. Fontana, 265 Pa.Super. 387, 395, 401 A.2d 1361, 1365 (1979). "Indeed, direct proof of an

 explicit or formal agreement to commit a crime can seldom, if ever, be supplied and it need not

 be for 'it is established law in this Commonwealth that a conspiracy may be proved by

 circumstantial evidence as well as by direct evidence.'-" Commonwealth v. Robinson supra 351

                                                48
Pa.Super. at 316, 505 A.2d at 1001 quoting Commonwealth v. Roux, 465 Pa. 482, 488, 350 A.2d

867, 870 (1976). "The conduct of the parties and the circumstances surrounding their conduct

may create a web of evidence linking the accused to the alleged conspiracy beyond a reasonable

doubt." Commonwealth v. Ruiz supra 819 A.2d at 97 citing Commonwealth v. Johnson supra

719 A.2d at 784-85.

       The Superior Court has found the following factors instructive in reviewing an appellate

complaint regarding whether as a matter of law a conspiracy conviction was supported by

sufficient evidence:

               (1) [ A]n association between alleged conspirators; (2) [K]nowledge
               of the commission of the crime; (3) [P]resence at the scene of the
               crime; and (4) [I]n some situations, participation in the object of
               the conspiracy. The presence of such circumstances may furnish a
               web of evidence linking an accused to an alleged conspiracy
               beyond a reasonable doubt when viewed in conjunction with each
               other and in the context in which they occurred.

Commonwealth v. Ruiz supra 819 A.2d at'97 quoting Commonwealth v. Lambert supra 795 A.2d
at 1016 quoting Commonwealth v. Olds, 322 Pa.Super. 442, 447-48, 469 A.2d 1072, 1075
(1983).

        Applying those factors enumerated by the Ruiz court to the trial's evidence viewed most

favorably to the prosecution, Defendant Spurell and his co-defendants clearly conspired to

perpetrate the armed robbery of the employees . and patrons of the Family Dollar store.

 Commonwealth v. Ruiz supra 819 A.2d at 97 quoting Commonwealth v. Lambert supra 795 A.2d

 at 1016 quoting Commonwealth v. Olds supra 322 Pa.Super. at 447-48, 469 A.2d at 1075. (The

 necessary "web of evidence" to establishing a conspiracy can be found on an association of the

 conspirators, knowledge of the crime's ·perpetration;' and presence at the crime scene when

 viewed in the material, contextual circumstances.) See also Commonwealth v. Patterson supra

 940 A.2d at 500 and Commonwealth v. Rosario supra 438 Pa.Super. at 260-61, 652 A.2d at 364

                                                49
citing Commonwealth    v. Calderini supra 416 Pa.Super. at 260-61, 611 A.2d at 207 citing

Commonwealth v. Jackson supra 506 Pa. at 472-73, 485 A.2d at 1103.

       The Defendants through their actions clearly demonstrated that they had entered a

conspiracy to commit robbery.        Commonwealth v. Ruiz supra 819 A.2d at 97 citing

Commonwealth v. Johnson supra 719 A.2d at 784-85. All three (3) confederates arrived at the

store together. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 35-36. On entering, two (2) of the armed robbers accosted the
                                                     ~c.,-·,•C




numerous victims, while the third remained a lookout.            After taking control of the store,

Defendant Spurell and his one (1) criminal cohort dragged Ms. Evans down a flight of stairs into

the Family Dollar's basement office before ransacking the contents of the store's safe while the

Defendant along the way menacingly robbed patrons through the displaying and/or referencing

of a firearm. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 39-40, 50, 56, 64;72-73, 91-92. See also Commonwealth v.

Sanchez supra 82 A.3d at 973 citing Commonwealth v. Weimer supra 602 Pa. at 39, 977 A.2d at

 1106. After perpetrating the robberies, the men fled the store together via a common automobile

and were chased by pursuing police until the driver of the motor vehicle lost control and the car

 crashed. N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 112-18. See also Commonwealth v. Ruiz supra 819 A.2d at 97 citing

 Commonwealth v. Johnson supra 719 A.2d at 784-85. At the scene of the crash, two (2) of the

 armed assailants were apprehended while the third, Defendant Spurell, was able to escape. N.T.

 4/17/13, pp. 116-18. The items that were discovered at the scene of the motor vehicle crash and

 the drain pipe corresponded to those items that had just been stolen from the robbery victims.

 N.T. 4/17/13, pp. 118-19, 125-29. See also Commonwealth Exhibit C-14 - Aston Township

 Police Department Property Sheet.




                                                50
        Viewing his Criminal Conspiracy to commit Robbery" conviction in the light most

favorable to the Commonwealth it is patently evident that the prosecution demonstrated beyond a

reasonable doubt that Defendant Spurell joined and was an active participant in a conspiracy to

rob the Family Dollar store and its then present patrons. Commonwealth v. Patterson supra 940

A.2d at 500 and Commonwealth v. Rosario supra 438 Pa.Super. at 260-61, 652 A.2d at 364

citing Commonwealth           v. Calderini supra 416 Pa.Super. at 260-61, 611 A.2d at 207 citing

Commonwealth v. Jackson supra 506 Pa. at 472-73, 485 A.2d at 1103.

        The jury on being presented with the relevant evidence was " . . . free to resolve any

doubts regarding a defendant's guilt." Commonwealth v. Hansley supra 24 A.3d at 416 quoting

Commonwealth v. Jones supra 874 A.2d at 120-21 quoting Commonwealth v. Bullick supra 830

A.2d at 1000 quoting Commonwealth v. Gooding supra 818 A.2d at 549, appeal denied, 575 Pa.

691, 835 A.2d 709. The jury in its role as the" ... sole judge[] of the credibility and weight of

all testimony," is certainly free to reject or accept, in whole or part, the testimony of all

witnesses. Pa. SSJI (Crim) 2.04. The Defendant's present error assignment challenging the

sufficiency of the evidence relating to the Defendant's Criminal Conspiracy to commit

Robbery42 conviction is meritless.

         In addition to the Defendant's assertions that the prosecution did not marshal legally

 sufficient evidence during the course of trial related to the five (5) Robbery43 and one (1)

 Criminal Conspiracy to commit Robbery" convictions, he as well challenges the weight of the

 evidence regarding these same convictions. See Statement of Matters Complained, No. 2.



 41
    18 Pa.C.S. §903(3701).
 42 Id.
 43
    18 Pa.C.S. §3701.
 44
     18 Pa.C.S. §903(3701).
                                                    51
       For a weight of the evidence claim to be properly raised on appeal, such a claim

" ... must [have been] preserved either in a post-sentence motion, by a written motion before

sentencing, or orally prior to sentencing."     Commonwealth v. Lofton, 57 A.3d 1270, 1273

(Pa.Super. 2012) citing Pa.R.Crim.P. 607 and Commonwealth v. Priest, 18 A.3d 1235, 1239

(Pa.Super. 2011). Evidentiary weight claims to be reviewed on appeal first " ... shall be raised

with the trial judge in a motion for a new trial." Pa.R.Crim.P. 607(A). "Failure to challenge the

weight of the evidence presented at trial in an oral or written motion prior to sentencing or in a

post-sentence motion will result in waiver of the claim." Commonwealth v. Bryant, 57 A.3d 191,

196 (Pa.Super. 2012) citing Commonwealth v. Bond, 604 Pa. 1, 16-17, 985 A.2d 810, 820

(2009). Defendant Spurell through counsel having timely lodged such a post-sentence motion,

this claim for the pending appellate review has been preserved. See Defendant's Post-Sentence

Motion dated June 27, 2015. See also Commonwealth v. Lofton supra 57 A.3d at 1273 citing

Pa.R.Crim.P. 607 and Commonwealth v. Priest supra 18 A.3d at 1239.

        A challenge to the weight of the evidence " ... concedes that there is sufficient evidence

to sustain the verdict." Commonwealth v. Dupre, 866 A.2d 1089, 1101 (Pa.Super. 2005) quoting

 Commonwealth v. Sullivan, 820 A.2d 795, 805-06 (Pa.Super. 2003), appeal denied, 574 Pa. 773,

 833 A.2d 143 (2003). Furthermore, " ... the trial court is under no obligation to view the

 evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict winner." Id. 866 A.2d at 1101-02 (Emphasis

 omitted) quoting Commonwealth v. Sullivan supra 820 A.2d at 805-06.              Deference is yet

 extended to the jury by recognizing in their exclusive fact-finding function that the jurors are

 " ... to adjudge the credibility of witnesses and to determine whether their testimony, if believed,

 establishes the elements of the offenses charged." Commonwealth v. Stays, 70 A.3d 1256, 1267

 (Pa.Super. 2013).

                                                  52
       A weight of the evidence claim is committed to the trial court's discretion subject to

appellate review of whether such discretion was properly exercised as is further detailed below:

               A claim alleging the verdict was against the weight of the evidence
               is addressed to the discretion of the trial court. Accordingly, an
               appellate court reviews the exercise of the trial court's discretion; it
               does not answer for itself whether the verdict was against the
               weight of the evidence. It is well settled that the [jury] is free to
               believe all, part, or none of the evidence and to determine the
               credibility of the witnesses, and a new trial based on a weight of
               the evidence claim is only warranted where the [jury's] verdict is
               so contrary to the evidence that it shocks one's sense of justice. In
               determining whether this standard hasbeen met, appellate review
               is limited to whether the trial judge's discretion was properly
               exercised, and relief will only be granted where the facts and
               inferences of record disclose a palpable abuse of discretion.

Commonwealth v. Brown, 71 A.3d 1009, 1013 (Pa.Super. 2013). See also Commonwealth v.
Karns, 50 A.3d 158, 165 (Pa.Super. 2012); Commonwealth v. Davidson, 860 A.2d 575, 581
(Pa.Super. 2004) quoting Davis v. Mullen, 565 Pa. 386, 390, 773 A.2d 764, 766 (2001) citing
Catalano v. Bujak, 537 Pa. 155, 161, 642A.2d 448, 4. ?0 (1994); Commonwealth v. Dupre supra
866 A.2d at 1101-02; Commonwealth v. Sullivan supra 820 A.2d at 805-06; Commonwealth v.
Kim, 888 A.2d 847, 851 (Pa.Super. 2005) quoting Commonwealth v. Champney, 574 Pa. 435,
444, 832 A.2d 403, 408 (2003); and Commonwealth v. Widmer, 560 Pa. 308, 321, 744 A.2d 745,
753 (2000) citing Commonwealth v. Brown, 538 Pa. 410, 436, 648 A.2d 1177, 1189 (1994).

        A trial court judge's decision regarding a weight of the evidence challenge will also be

 afforded deference "[b]ecause the trial judge has had the opportunity to hear and see the

 evidence presented, an appellate court will give the gravest consideration to the findings and

 reasons advanced by the trial judge when reviewing a trial court's determination that the verdict

 is against the weight of the evidence." Commonwealth v. Widmer supra 560 Pa. at 321, 744

 A.2d at 753 citing Commonwealth v. Farquharson, ~§7 Pa. 50, 60, 354 A.2d 545, 550 (1976).

 An appellate court will not substitute its decision for that reached by the trial court, "[i]nstead,

 this [Superior] Court determines whether the trial court abused its discretion in reaching

 whatever decision it made on the motion, whether or not that decision is the one we might have

 made in the first instance."        Commonwealth v _§tays supra 70 A.3d at 1268 quoting
                                              53
Commonwealth v. West, 937 A.2d 516, 521 (Pa.Super. 2007) citing Commonwealth v. Cousar,

593 Pa. 204, 223, 928 A.2d 1025, 1036 (2007).

       The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has described this discretion of the trial court and its

abuse per that below:

                ... imports the exercise of judgment, wisdom and skill so as to
               reach a dispassionate conclusion, within the framework of the law,
               and is not exercised for the purpose of giving effect to the will of
               the judge. Discretion must be exercised on the foundation of
               reason, as opposed to prejudice, personal motivations, caprice or
               arbitrary actions. Discretion is abused when the course pursued
               represents not merely an error of judgment, but where the
               judgment is manifestly unreasonable or where the law is not
               applied or where the record shows that the action is a result of
               partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will. . ,.,,w

Commonwealth v. Widmer supra 560 Pa. at 322, 744 A.2d at 753 quoting Coker v. S.M
Flickinger Company, Inc., 533 Pa. 441, 447, 625 A.2d 1181, 1184-85 (1993).

       Only if it can be found that the trial judge committed an abuse of discretion will a weight

of the evidence error assignment be found successful. Commonwealth v. Brown supra 71 A.3d

at 1013. The abuse of discretion required in such a determination is one "[ w]hen 'the figure of

Justice totters on her pedestal,' or when 'the jury's verdict, at the time of its rendition, causes the

trial judge to lose his breath, temporarily, and causes him to almost fall from the bench, then it is

truly shocking to the judicial conscience." Commonwealth v. Davidson supra 860 A.2d at 581

quoting Nudelman v. Gilbride, 436 Pa.Super. 44, 51, 647 A.2d 233, 237 (1994) quoting Lupi v.

 Keenan, 396 Pa. 6, 15-16, 151 A.2d 447, 452-53 (1959) (Musmanno, J., dissenting).

        Based on the applicable law and the above detailed facts established at trial, Defendant

 Spurell's present error assignment that the weight of the evidence did not support the jury's




                                                  54
decision to find him guilty of the five (5) Robbery45 charges and the single count of Criminal

Conspiracy to commit Robbery46 is meritless.

          Having presided over the Defendant's trial, listened attentively to the entirety of the

evidentiary presentation, and observed the testimonial demeanor of the various prosecution

witnesses, as well as heard the respective arguments of counsel, this court's conscience is not in

the least "shocked" by the jury concluding beyond a reasonable doubt that Defendant Spurell,

along with his criminal confederates, pursuant to .such a conspiracy actively perpetrated the

armed robbery of the Family Dollar store and its patrons.

           While appreciating the advocacy of defense counsel's attempts to demonstrate that the

identifications and testimony of those victims that recognized Defendant Spurell were lacking, as

well as counsel's argument that a firearm was never observed by the victims, this court is in no

manner troubled by the jury's determination that the Defendant committed these five (5)

robberies and that he had entered and participated in a conspiracy to commit these robberies.

           On the announcing of the jury's verdict that it found Defendant Spurell guilty of five (5)

counts of Robbery47 and one (1) count of Criminal Conspiracy,48 this court most certainly did not

 temporarily lose its breath, almost fall from the bench, and/or suffer even a twinge of judicial

 conscience. Commonwealth v. Davidson supra 860 A.2d at 581 quoting Nudelman v. Gilbride

 supra 436 Pa.Super. at 51, 647 A.2d at 237 quoting Lupi v. Keenan supra 396 Pa. at 15-16, 151

 A.2d at 452-53.

           The record at bar is devoid of any evidence of" ... partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will."

 Commonwealth v. Widmer supra 560 Pa. at 322, 744 A.2d at 753 quoting Coker v. SM

 45
      18 Pa.C.S. §3701.
 46
      18 Pa.C.S. §903(3701).
 47
      18 Pa.C.S. §3701.
 48
      18 Pa.C.S. §903(3701).
                                                    55
Flickinger Company, Inc. supra 533 Pa. at 447, 625 A.2d at 1184-85.                          The instant record

likewise lacks any evidence that the law was overridden or misapplied at any point of the trial.

Id. 560 Pa. at 322, 744 A.2d at 753 quoting Coker v. S.M Flickinger Company, Inc. supra 533

Pa. at 447, 625 A.2d at 1184-85. There is no eviden~e that the matter at bar was tried on any

basis other than dispassionately by the trial court.

        The jury was " ... free to resolve any doubts regarding [Defendant Spurell's] guilt." Id.

quoting Commonwealth v. Jones supra 874 A.2d at 120-21 quoting Commonwealth v. Bullick

supra 830 A.2d at 1000 quoting Commonwealth -tt""Gooding supra 818 A.2d at 549. The

Commonwealth's trial evidence as the jury found with good cause credible amply and rationally

supported their collective determination that Defendant Spurell' s guilt to the now attacked

convictions was proven beyond a reasonable doubt. The Defendant's challenge to the weight of

the evidence on the instant record simply l·~cks merit''"'"''

  V. The trial court abused its discretion and/or committed an error of law by failing to timely
  rule on Defendant's Post Sentence Motion alleging a violation of his Rule 600 speedy trial
rights, and therefore denying the motion as a matter of law without reaching a decision on the
merits, where the underlying incident took place in May of 2005 and charges were not brought
 against him until July 17, 2012, notwithstanding that Defendant was incarcerated and under
 county supervision, with his whereabouts known by the Commonwealth,from 2008 through
                                               2011. f"'"''"

         Through his final appellate complaint49 the Defendant advances that this court committed

 an abuse of discretion and/or error of law in failing to past decide his post-sentence motion

 relevant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 600 on the merits. See Statement of Matters Complained, No. 3.

 Although for the reasons discussed infra the court neitlier decided Defendant Spurell's counseled

 post-sentence Motion to Challenge ... Dismissal Pursuant to the Commonwealth's Failure to

 Comply with Rule 6001nor did the Delaware County Office of Judicial Support timely enter an

 49
    For a discussion concerning the court's denial of Defendant Spurell's Rule 600 dismissal claim, see Section III of
 this opinion.
                                                          56
order denying the same via operation of law, the court is candidly unable to discern the relief the

Defendant now on appeal seeks by this error assignment
                                                 ,· ..,a,,. J
                                                              recognizing that stemming from his

previous collateral petition's filing; the case record has been corrected and his sentencing

judgment made final allowing the instant direct appeal to proceed.

       The Defendant7on or about May 16, 2014, filed a pro se Petition for Post-Conviction

Collateral Relief . . . . See Defendant's rcRA Petition. Consistent with Defendant Spurell' s

request for counsel's assistance, Henry DiBenedetto Forrest, Esquire was appointed stewardship

of this collateral litigation. See Order dated May 16, 2014. After granting his PCRA lawyer's

extension request, a counseled, Amended Petition for Post-Conviction Hearing Relief under the

PCRA (Petition for Reinstatement of Direct Appeal Rights) was lodged on or about March 12,

2015. See Amended PCRA Petition. Responding to such an order, the Commonwealth on June

 11, 2015, filed its answer to the counseled, collateral petition. See Commonwealth's Answer and

Orders dated March 12, 2015 and June 11, 2015. By order of June 26, 2015, a resulting

 evidentiary hearing was listed. See Order pated June 26, 2015 .
                                                       ••-;,:.·,Y:,'


        At the PCRA hearing of August 6, 2015, it was realized that while the Administrative

 Office of the Pennsylvania Courts Delaware County Computerized Criminal System noted

 Defendant Spurell's trial attorney had timely lodged of record on or about June 27, 2013,

 post-sentence motion, this filing was not eyen at that time part of the court file maintained by the
                                                        .,..::!-".'i~F-



 Judicial Support Office of Delaware County and had not been forwarded and/or otherwise made

 known to this judge. N.T. 8/6/15, pp. 4-9. See also Defendant's Post-Sentence Motion dated

 June 27, 2013. It was relatedly acknowledged of record that although the Delaware County

 Judicial Support Office had electronically docketed the trial lawyer's post-sentence motion, it



                                                  57
had not even as of then.pursuant
                        .
                                 to Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(B)(3)(a)(c) } caused to be entered of record

an order denying by operation of law this post-sentence filing. N.T. 8/6/15, pp. 4-9.

       Now appreciating the systematic breakdowr(described above, the prosecutor and the

Defendant's collateral attorney recognized of record that trial counsel and Defendant Spurell

were not provided any notice of the direct appeal period beginning to run and relatedly that

absent the entry of an order denying via operation of law the post-sentence motion (June 27,
                                                       ·-~"

2013), the thirty (30) day time parameter for the filing of a direct appeal with the Superior Court

from the sentencing judgment at bar had yet commenced. N.T. 8/6/15, pp. 4-9. See also

Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(B)(4) and Pa.R.A.P. 108(a)(l)(d)(l).             The Defendant's PCRA lawyer and the

Commonwealth's attorney resultantly agreed.as did this court1that it would compel the Judicial
                                                       a,,'$<'.

Support Office of Delaware County to then enter an order denying by operation of law the past,

timely lodged post-sentence motions (June 27, 2013) which on such an order's docketing would

make final Defendant Spurell's judgment of sentence and begin the thirty (30) day period for the

 filing of a direct appeal. N.T. 8/6/15, pp. 6-9, 11-2. See also Pa.R.A.P. 903. Counsel similarly

 concurred that the pending collateral pleading was    fo be as premature dismissed.      N.T. 8/6/15,

 pp. 7-8.

        Via separate orders of August 7, 2015, this court dismissed Defendant Spurell's then

 pending PCRA action and the Delaware County Judicial Support Office finally denied by

 operation of law the Defendant's post-sentence fili;g.              See Orders dated August 7, 2015.

 Thereafter, the presently pending appeal was lodged on August 11, 2015, through Defendant

 Spurell's lawyer. See Notice of Appeal dated August 11, 2015.

            Subsequent to the August 6, 2015, collateral hearing, the court's clerk combed through

 the Judicial Support Office and located a secondaryor "dummy" case file which contained the

                                                  58
Defendant's    counseled, post-sentence motion and various other original documents.       All these

materials were then made part of the Judicial Support Office's official court file. See Orders

dated August 7, 2015.

        Although believing an abuse of discretion requires the court, unlike the circumstances at

bar, to have some awareness of the need to make a pending decision and yet take no action, it

was this court's ultimate responsibility to decide in th1s'"case all outstanding issues raised by any

filed pleadings.     Related to Defendant   Spurell's post-sentence   motions, it did not render a

decision.     However, the salient Rule of Criminal Procedure provides a failsafe for undecided

post-sentence pleadings per its directive that "[i]f the judge fails to decide the motion within 120

days, ... the motion shall be deemed denied by operation oflaw." Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(B)(3)(a).

        The same office that did not bring the post-sentence motion to his court's attention and

neglected to include the pleading in the official case file it maintains also did not do that

mandated by Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(B)(3)(a) and cause to be entered of record an order denying via

 operation of law the Defendant's   post-sentence motiofi.until the filing of his collateral lawyer's

 amended PCRA petition prompted the discovery of this systematic breakdown and the instant

 record's correction.

         The case record confusion created by the Judicial Support Office of Delaware County

 was certainly not helped by Defendant Spurell' s post-verdict - pre-sentencing pro se filing of an

 appeal to the Superior Court and/or his trial attorney lodging post-verdictyet before sentencing

 impositiona Motion to Challenge the Verdict Against the Weight of the Evidence and Dismissal

 Pursuant to Commonwealth's       Failure to Comply with Rule 600.      See Pro Se Appeal Notice,

 Superior Court No. 1359 EDA 2013, and Defendant's'Motion          dated April 25, 2013. There is as

 well no evidence at bar that defense counsel.subsequent      to the post-sentence   motion not being

                                                  59
decided either by this court or on the entry of an operation of law denial order.made inquiries of

the Delaware County Judicial Support Office and/or the court about the post-sentence pleading's

status. N.T. 8/6/15.
                                                       ·_.,.;.-'


       In light of the foregoing, this court just does not understand the relief Defendant Spurell

now seeks per this appellate complaint.       While the systematic breakdown recounted above

should not have happened, once the same became known remedial actions were taken by this

court with agreement of the prosecutor and the Defendant's collateral attorney, which resulted in

Defendant Spurell's direct appeal rights being restored and currently pursued. N.T. 8/6/15, pp.

4-9. See also Orders dated August 7, 2015.

        This court certainly does not believe that the varied failures of the judicial system

combining to create such circumstances should somehow work to the Commonwealth's patent

detriment with the setting aside of Defendant Spurell's convictions, particularly on the

realization that not a single error assignment presently advanced calls into question the

fundamental fairness of the trial process from which these convictions result.

        While the Delaware County Judicial Support Office foremost is to shoulder the blame for

the Defendant's post-sentence motions not being more timely addressed.as must this court and;to

 a lesser extent 1trial counsel, as well as perhaps Defendant Spurell, it is uncontroverted that the

 Commonwealth played no part whatsoever in what transpired other than to recognize the issue

 and readily agree to its rightful resolution in a manner that permitted the Defendant to litigate the

 pending direct appeal.

        In light of the foregoing, the Defendant is not entitled through this final appellate

 complaint to any relief beyond that which he was already rightfully afforded resulting from his



                                                  60
Post Conviction Relief Act litigation, the case record's correction allowing him to pursue his

right of direct appeal.
                                         ''"
                                        VI. Conclusion

        For all the aforementioned reasons, Defendant Spurell's convictions should be affirmed,

his mandatory minimum sentences set aside and the case for purposes of resentencing remanded

to this court.




                                                           BY THE COURT:




                                                                                      J.




                                                61
