[Cite as State v. Devore, 2015-Ohio-3856.]


                                        COURT OF APPEALS
                                     ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO
                                    FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                       JUDGES:
STATE OF OHIO                                  :       Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
                                               :       Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J.
                         Plaintiff-Appellee    :       Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
                                               :
-vs-                                           :
                                               :       Case No. 15-COA-007
JEFFREY M. DEVORE                              :
                                               :
                     Defendant-Appellant       :       OPINION




CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                           Criminal appeal from the Ashland County
                                                   Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 07-CRI-
                                                   092



JUDGMENT:                                          Affirmed




DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                            September 21, 2015


APPEARANCES:


For Plaintiff-Appellee                             For Defendant-Appellant

CHRISTOPHER TUNNELL                                MATTHEW MALONE
Ashland County Prosecutor                          10 East Main Street
GARY D. BISHOP                                     Ashland, OH 44805
Assistant County Prosecutor
110 Cottage Street, Third Floor
Ashland, OH 44805
[Cite as State v. Devore, 2015-Ohio-3856.]


Gwin, P.J.

        {¶1}     Appellant, Jeffrey M. DeVore ["DeVore"] appeals from the January 10,

2015 Judgment Entry of the Ashland County Court of Common Pleas designating him

as a sexual predator.

                                         Facts and Procedural History

        {¶2}     On December 13, 2007, DeVore was charged by bill of information in the

Ashland County, Ohio Court of Common Pleas with one count of abduction in violation

of R.C. 2905.02(A)(2), one count of attempted gross sexual imposition in violation of

R.C. 2923.02(A) and R.C. 2907.05(A)(4), and one count of public indecency in violation

of RC, 2907.09(A)(2). All counts stem from an incident that occurred on August 30,

2007, involving a minor victim later identified as B.R.

        {¶3}     On December 17, 2007, DeVore pled guilty to all counts contained in the

bill of information. The trial court ordered DeVore undergo a standard pre-sentence

investigation and a forensic examination of his amenability to sex offender treatment

and evaluation of risk factors. Dr. Dale Rupple evaluated DeVore and submitted his

report to the trial court on January 11, 2008. Dr. Rupple's report indicated that DeVore

presented with a moderate-to-high risk to reoffend.

        {¶4}     On February 7, 2008, the trial court sentenced DeVore to five (5) years in

prison on count one, abduction; to eighteen (18) months in prison on count two,

attempted gross sexual imposition, and to sixty (60) days in jail on count three, public

indecency. The prison terms on counts one and two were ordered to be served

consecutively, while the jail term was ordered to be served concurrently to counts one

and two. The trial court also ordered DeVore to serve five (5) years of post-release
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-007                                                   3


control. Finally, the trial court classified DeVore as a Tier II sex offender under the

Adam Walsh Act.

       {¶5}   While DeVore was in prison, the Ohio Supreme Court held in State v.

Williams, 129 Ohio St.3d 344, 2011-Ohio-3374, 952 N.E.2d 1108 (2011), that the Adam

Walsh Act could not be applied retroactively to offenders who committed their

underlying sex offenses before January 1, 2008.

       {¶6}   In July of 2014, DeVore was released from prison. In September of 2014,

due to the holding in Williams, the state filed a motion to conduct a sex offender

classification hearing.

       {¶7}   On January 12, 2015, the trial court held a classification hearing for

DeVore pursuant to former R.C. Chapter 2950 ("Megan's Law"). The state relied on the

presentence investigation and forensic report from 2008, as well as the testimony of

Detective Scott Smart, who testified regarding a 2007 interview with DeVore, DeVore

testified on his own behalf and submitted a 2015 sex offender assessment. The state

argued that DeVore should be classified as a sexual predator, while DeVore argued that

he should be classified as a sexually oriented offender. By Judgment Entry filed January

10, 2015, the trial court issued a written decision classifying DeVore as a sexual

predator.

                                     Assignment of Error

       {¶8}   Devore raises one assignment of error,

       {¶9}   "I. THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO,

ERRED BY CLASSIFYING DEFENDANT-APPELLANT AS A SEXUAL PREDATOR."
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-007                                                      4

                                             Analysis

       {¶10} In his first assignment of error, Devore contends that the trial court erred

by classifying him as a Sexual Predator following a classification hearing conducted

pursuant to former R.C. Chapter 2950 ("Megan's Law). DeVore further alleges that the

manifest weight of the evidence is insufficient to find, by clear and convincing evidence,

that he is "likely to engage in the future in one or more sexually oriented offenses".

       {¶11} On June 3, 2010 the Ohio Supreme Court decided State v. Bodyke, 126

Ohio St.3d 266, 2010–Ohio–2424, 933 N.E.2d 753. In Bodyke, the Court concluded that

R.C. 2950.031 and R.C. 2950.032, which require the attorney general to reclassify sex

offenders whose classifications have already been adjudicated by a court and made the

subject of a final order, violated the separation of powers doctrine by requiring the

opening of a final judgment. The Bodyke court concluded that R.C. 2950.031 and R.C.

2950.032 “may not be applied to offenders previously adjudicated by judges under

Megan's Law, and the classifications and community-notification and registration order

imposed previously by judges are reinstated.” Bodyke at ¶ 66.

       {¶12} Under Megan's Law, R.C. Chapter 2950 defines three classifications of

sex offenders: sexual predators, habitual sexual offenders, and sexually oriented

offenders. R.C. 2950.09; State v. Cook, 83 Ohio St.3d 404, 407, 1998-Ohio-291, 700

N.E.2d 570(1998).     To earn the most severe designation of sexual predator, the

defendant must have been convicted of or pled guilty to committing a sexually oriented

offense and must be “likely to engage in the future in one or more sexually oriented

offenses.” R.C. 2950.01(E).
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-007                                                      5


       {¶13} In making a determination as to whether an offender is a sexual predator,

the judge must consider all relevant factors, including, but not limited to, all of the

following: the offender's age; prior criminal record; the age of the victim of the sexually

oriented offense; whether the sexually oriented offense involved multiple victims;

whether the offender used drugs or alcohol to impair the victim or prevent the victim

from resisting; if the offender previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to any

criminal offense, whether the offender completed any sentence imposed for the prior

offense, and if the prior offense was a sex offense or a sexually oriented offense,

whether the offender participated in available programs for sex offenders; any mental

illness or mental disability of the offender; the nature of the offender's sexual conduct

with the victim and whether that contact was part of a demonstrated pattern of abuse;

whether the offender, during commission of the offense, displayed cruelty or threatened

cruelty; and any additional behavioral characteristics that contribute to the offender's

conduct. R.C. 2950.09(B)(2)(a) through (j). Cook, 83 Ohio St.3d at 407-408, 1998-Ohio-

291, 700 N.E.2d 570.

       {¶14} The conclusion by the trial court that an offender is a sexual predator must

be supported by clear and convincing evidence. R.C. 2950.09(B)(3). The offender and

the prosecutor may appeal as a matter of right the judge's determination regarding

sexual predator status. Id. In addition, upon expiration of the applicable time period, an

offender who has been adjudicated a sexual predator may petition the court to obtain an

entry stating that the offender is no longer a sexual predator. R.C. 2950.09(D). Cook, 83

Ohio St.3d at 408, 1998-Ohio-291, 700 N.E.2d 570.
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-007                                                       6


       {¶15} Clear and convincing evidence is evidence that “will produce in the mind

of the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be established.”

Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d 118(1954), paragraph three of the

syllabus. To meet the clear-and-convincing standard requires a higher degree of proof

than “a preponderance of the evidence,” but less than “evidence beyond a reasonable

doubt.” State v. Ingram, 82 Ohio App.3d 341, 346, 612 N.E.2d 454(1992).

       {¶16} In State v. Wilson, the Ohio Supreme Court held,

              Because     sex-offender-classification   proceedings    under    R.C.

       Chapter 2950 are civil in nature, a trial court’s determination in a sex-

       offender-classification hearing must be reviewed under a civil manifest-

       weight-of-the-evidence standard and may not be disturbed when the

       judge’s findings are supported by some competent, credible evidence.

113 Ohio St.3d 382, 2007-Ohio-2202, 865 N.E.2d 1264, syllabus.

       {¶17} Under the civil standard, examining the evidence underlying the trial

judge’s decision is a prerequisite to determining whether the trial court’s judgment is

supported by some competent, credible evidence. Wilson, 113 Ohio St.3d 382, 2007-

Ohio-2202, 865 N.E.2d 1264,¶40.

       {¶18} In the case at bar, the trial court reviewed all materials of record in this

matter, including but not limited to the District V Forensic Diagnostic Center Assessment

and the Presentence Investigation Report previously submitted to the Court, and all

testimony and documentary evidence submitted during the classification hearing held

January 12, 2015.
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-007                                                        7


      {¶19} The trial court examined the factors listed in R.C. 2950.09(B)(3). The trial

court noted that the sexually deviant behavior DeVore exhibited occurred over three

counties an spanned 3 1/2 years. R.C. 2950.09(B)(3)(b); and that multiple individuals

have been victimized by DeVore's sexually deviant behavior. R.C. 2950.09(B)(3)(d).

Although the charged offenses involved a single seven year old girl, DeVore himself

admitted to driving through the Amish and Mennonite communities in Richland,

Ashland and Knox Counties looking for females whom he could expose himself to

and witness him masturbate. Thus, exhibiting a demonstrated pattern of abuse. R.C.

2950.09(B)(3)(h).

      {¶20} The     trial   court   also   considered   the   age   of   the   victim.   R.C.

2950.09(B)(3)(c). DeVore kidnapped and drove a seven-year old child away from her

home and, ignoring her pleadings, made her remove her panties and fondled her pelvic

area. He also attempted to place her on his lap with his erect penis exposed, further

restraining her in the process, and attempted to masturbate with this panty less seven-

year-old girl positioned above his penis. He admitted the victim was upset and praying.

R.C. 2950.09(B)(3)(i). Further, Devore had been abusing marijuana when engaging in

sexually deviant behavior. R.C. 2950.09(B)(3)(j). Devore had "smoked pot" for almost

twenty years prior to committing these offenses. He had been previously convicted of

felony trafficking in marihuana.

      {¶21} DeVore did not use drugs or alcohol to impair his victim. R.C.

2950.09(B)(3)(e). DeVore served the entirety of his sentence, which was six and a half

years. While incarcerated, DeVore participated in and completed a thirteen-week sex

offender treatment program. R.C. 2950.09(B)(3)(f). In addition, Dr. Rupple noted in his
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-007                                                     8


2008 assessment several factors for reducing the risk of reoffending in DeVore's,

including, among others, age, substance abuse, employment history, and motivation.

      {¶22} The trial court has significant discretion in evaluating factors that may be

relevant to its recidivism determination and such determinations are to be afforded great

deference. State v. Robertson, 147 Ohio App.3d 94, 2002-Ohio-494, 768 N.E.2d

1207(3rd Dist.). The court has discretion to determine what weight, if any, it will assign

to each statutory guideline. State v. Thompson, 92 Ohio St.3d 584, 2001-Ohio-1288,

752 N.E.2d 276. The trial court does not need to find a majority of the R.C.

2950.09(B)(3) factors to support a sexual predator determination; rather, an appellant

may be so adjudicated even if only one or two of the factors are present as long as the

totality of the circumstances provides clear and convincing evidence that the appellant

is likely to commit a sexually oriented offense in the future. State v. Murphy, 11 Dist.

Lake No.2003-L049, 2005-Ohio-412, ¶ 41.

      {¶23} The Ohio Supreme Court in State v. Thompson, 92 Ohio St.3d 584, 2001-

Ohio-1288, 752 N.E.2d 276 discussed the statutory factors and its ruling in State v.

Eppinger, 91 Ohio St.3d 158, 2001-Ohio-247, 743 N.E.2d 881 and stated:

             We find that the factors listed in R.C. 2950.09(B)(2) are guidelines

      that serve an important function by providing a framework to assist judges

      in determining whether a defendant, who committed a sexually oriented

      offense, is a sexual predator. These guidelines provide consistency in the

      reasoning process. Without such guidelines, judges would be left in

      uncharted waters and decisions on whether a defendant was a sexual
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-007                                                     9


      predator could vary widely depending on a judge's own viewpoint on the

      issue.

               However, these guidelines do not control a judge's discretion. R.C.

      2950.09(B)(2) requires a court to “consider all relevant factors including,

      but not limited to, all of the following [factors].” This language requires the

      court to “consider” the factors listed in R.C. 2950.09(B)(2), but does not

      direct the court on what weight, if any, it must assign to each factor. Such

      an interpretation makes sense because determining recidivism is at best

      an imperfect science and while the guidelines set forth potentially relevant

      factors, some may not be applicable in every case. Thus, R.C.

      2950.09(B)(2) does not divest a court of its fact-finding powers in

      assessing the relevancy of each factor. As we stated in State v. Eppinger

      (2001), 91 Ohio St.3d 158, 166, 743 N.E.2d 881, 889, “the trial court

      should consider the statutory factors listed in R.C. 2950.09(B)(2), and

      should discuss on the record the particular evidence and factors upon

      which it relies in making its determination regarding the likelihood of

      recidivism.” (Emphasis added.)

92 Ohio St.3d at 587-588, 2001-Ohio-1288, 752 N.E.2d 276. Pursuant to R.C.

2950.09(B)(2), a judge may also consider any other evidence that he or she deems

relevant to determining the likelihood of recidivism. Thompson at 588.

      {¶24} In the Eppinger case, the Ohio Supreme Court noted that “under certain

circumstances, it is possible that one sexually oriented conviction alone can support

sexual predator adjudication.” Eppinger at 162. Further, “‘substantial evidence exists
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-007                                                     10


which indicates that child sex offenders are generally serial offenders. Specifically, in

considering the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children Registration Act, Section

14701, Title 42, U.S. Code, the House Report prepared for the Act stated: ‘Evidence

suggests that child sex offenders are generally serial offenders. Indeed one recent

study concluded the ‘behavior is highly repetitive, to the point of compulsion’ and found

that 74 percent of imprisoned child sex offenders had one or more prior sexual offenses

against a child.' See H.R.Rep. No. 392, 103rd Congress.” State v. Sloan, 5th Dist.

Richland No.2005-CA-0023, 2005-Ohio-5635, ¶ 58.

       {¶25} We conclude the findings made by the trial court in its judgment entry are

supported by competent, credible evidence. This evidence indicates DeVore is likely to

reoffend and therefore, the trial court properly found him to be a “sexual predator.”

       {¶26} DeVore's sole assignment of error is overruled.
Ashland County, Case No. 15-COA-007                                        11


      {¶27} The judgment of the Court of Common Pleas, Ashland County, Ohio is

affirmed.


By Gwin, P.J.,

Farmer, J., and

Delaney, J., concur
