Filed 5/15/14 In re Evan G. CA2/3
                  NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.


              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                     SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                DIVISION THREE


In re EVAN G., a Person Coming Under                                 B251442
the Juvenile Court Law.                                              (Los Angeles County
                                                                     Super. Ct. No. CK98499)


LOS ANGELES COUNTY
DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN
AND FAMILY SERVICES,

         Plaintiff and Respondent,

         v.

HECTOR M.,

         Defendant and Appellant.



         APPEAL from orders of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, Rudolph A.
Diaz, Judge. Affirmed.


         Robert McLaughlin, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.


         John F. Krattli, County Counsel, James M. Owens, Assistant County Counsel, and
Navid Nakhjavani, Deputy County Counsel, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
                                          INTRODUCTION
          Presumed father Hector M. appeals from the juvenile court’s orders sustaining
jurisdiction over his child, Evan G., under Welfare and Institutions Code section 300,
subdivisions (b) and (d),1 and removing Evan from his custody. We reject his contention
that there is insufficient evidence to support the orders and affirm the juvenile court’s
orders.
                        FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
          On March 27, 2013, the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS or
the Department) filed a juvenile dependency petition under section 300, subdivisions (b)
and (d), with regard to Evan, who was then almost two years old. The petition alleged, as
to both subdivisions, that father sexually abused Evan “by inflicting redness to the child’s
anus and placing fluid on the child’s anus. Such sexual abuse of the child by the father
endangers the child’s physical health and safety and places the child at risk of physical
harm, damage, danger and sexual abuse.”
          According to the detention report and jurisdiction/disposition report, father did not
live with Evan’s mother, but he spent significant time at the home. On March 8, 2013,
father was bathing Evan, something father usually didn’t do, and he locked the bathroom
door. Mother had been sexually abused as a child, and she had discussed her past with
father: “ ‘[S]o he knows how I am about closed doors or locked doors when my children
are behind the doors. He knows this and it raised a red flag for me that day.’ ”
          Mother knocked on the door. She heard the shower being turned off and the toilet
flush. It took father two to three minutes to open the door. He told mother that he’d
locked the door because he needed to use the toilet, and he turned off the shower before
flushing the toilet so the sudden rush of cold water would not startle Evan. Mother
believed this was a lie because father knew that this did not happen in her home.



1
          All further undesignated statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions
Code.


                                                2
       When father opened the door, mother saw Evan standing naked in the bathtub,
shivering and “glossy” eyed. Mother asked father why he turned off the shower, and he
answered, “ ‘Oh my god. I can’t believe you think that about me.’ ” Mother finished
bathing Evan. After drying him, she saw a “ ‘white fluid’ ” on Evan’s anus and redness
on his rectal area. Father commented on a “ ‘rash’ ” he’d seen on Evan’s rectal area. He
asked, “ ‘[W]hat’s that smell? . . . [Y]ou know who I never trusted . . . your dad.’ ”2
Mother also noticed a smell of male ejaculate from Evan’s rectal area. She wiped Evan’s
rectal area with a towel, which she later gave to law enforcement. Mother asked father to
leave, and he said he couldn’t believe “ ‘you think I’d do that to my own son.’ ” Hector
later asked mother, “ ‘What if he [Evan] was abused? How would they be able to find
out it was me?’ ”
       The day after the bath incident, mother took Evan to a hospital. A forensic
examination was “[n]ormal,” “can neither confirm nor negate sexual abuse.” Forensic
testing found no DNA belonging to father on Evan and no semen on the towel.
       Mother also reported a prior incident in which she opened a bedroom door and
saw father lying down with Evan atop him. Father hurriedly placed Evan next to him, but
father was slow to get off the bed, because, mother suspected, he was waiting for his
erection to subside.
       Mother’s other child, a daughter by another man, denied that father abused her.
Other minors who lived in the home similarly denied abuse. Evan was preverbal and
unable to give a statement.
       On August 6, 2013, the juvenile court sustained the allegations in the petition.
The court declared Evan a dependent of the court, removed Evan from father’s custody,
and ordered limited monitored visits with father and family reunification services,
including sexual abuse counseling. The court said: “Clearly, this is a case of
circumstantial evidence, but nevertheless, circumstantial evidence is believed to be just as
strong as direct evidence, and I do think that the circumstantial evidence is convincing.


2
       This was a reference to mother’s father.

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[¶] Father did act in a very suspicious manner in many ways, and I do think that the
Department has met its burden . . . .”
       Father appeals.
                                           DISCUSSION
I.     The assumption of jurisdiction.
       Father’s first contention is there is insufficient evidence to support the juvenile
court’s order sustaining jurisdiction under subdivisions (b) and (d) of section 300.3 We
disagree.
       At a jurisdictional hearing, “ ‘proof by a preponderance of evidence, legally
admissible in the trial of civil cases must be adduced to support a finding that the
minor[s] [are] person[s] described by Section 300.’ (§ 355.)” (In re Sheila B. (1993)
19 Cal.App.4th 187, 198.) “[T]he purpose of the provisions of this chapter relating to
dependent children is to provide maximum safety and protection for children who are
currently being physically, sexually, or emotionally abused, being neglected, or being
exploited, and to ensure the safety, protection, and physical and emotional well-being of
[the] children who are at risk of that harm.” (§ 300.2; see also In re I.J. (2013) 56 Cal.4th
766, 773 [section 300 does not require that a child be actually abused; it requires only a
“ ‘substantial risk’ ” the child will be abused or neglected].)
       “On appeal from an order making jurisdictional findings, we must uphold the
court’s findings unless, after reviewing the entire record and resolving all conflicts in
favor of the respondent and drawing all reasonable inferences in support of the judgment,
we determine there is no substantial evidence to support the findings. [Citation.]
Substantial evidence is evidence that is reasonable, credible, and of solid value.

3
       Section 300, subdivision (b), states in relevant part that jurisdiction over a child
arises when the “child has suffered, or there is a substantial risk that the child will suffer,
serious physical harm or illness, as a result of the failure or inability of his or her parent
or guardian to adequately supervise or protect the child . . . .”
       Section 300, subdivision (d) states in relevant part that jurisdiction over a child
arises when “[t]he child has been sexually abused, or there is a substantial risk that the
child will be sexually abused . . . by his or her parent . . . .”


                                               4
[Citation.]” (In re Veronica G. (2007) 157 Cal.App.4th 179, 185.) “Substantial evidence
includes circumstantial evidence and the reasonable inferences flowing therefrom.”
(In re Brittany H. (1988) 198 Cal.App.3d 533, 549.) In reviewing a record, an appellate
court defers to the lower court on issues involving the credibility of evidence and
witnesses. (In re Tania S. (1992) 5 Cal.App.4th 728, 733-734; In re Luke M. (2003)
107 Cal.App.4th 1412, 1427.)
       Citing evidence showing he did not sexually abuse Evan, father argues that
contrary evidence from mother was insufficient to support jurisdiction. Certainly, there
was evidence to support father’s denial he abused his son. Father’s semen was not found
on the bath towel mother used to wipe the white fluid from Evan. Father’s DNA was not
found on Evan. Evan’s medical examination was “normal,” although it could neither
confirm nor negate whether sexual abuse occurred. None of the other children who lived
in Evan’s home and were exposed to father reported abuse or inappropriate touching.
       Despite this evidence, the juvenile court found father’s behavior to be suspicious,
and the record supports that finding. Mother, herself a victim of sexual abuse, told father
to keep doors open and unlocked when her children were behind them. Knowing this
preference, he nonetheless locked the bathroom door and failed to immediately open it
when mother knocked. Mother could hear father turning off the shower and flushing the
toilet. His explanation—he didn’t want Evan to be affected by a sudden change in water
temperature when the toilet was flushed—was suspicious, because father knew that the
temperature did not fluctuate in that way. When mother asked why father had turned off
the shower, father said he couldn’t believe “ ‘you think that about me,’ ” although mother
had not yet accused father of abusing Evan. Then, when mother was drying Evan, she
saw redness on the child’s rectal area and a white fluid that looked like male ejaculate.
Again, without prompting from mother, father asked, “ ‘[W]hat’s that smell? . . . [Y]ou
know who I never trusted . . . your dad.’ ” Mother also recalled a prior incident where
father hurriedly moved Evan away from him and delayed getting up from the bed, to
hide, mother thought, father’s erection.



                                             5
       Father cites cases in which evidence of sexual abuse was arguably stronger than
here; for example, where the child makes statements about the abuse (see, e.g., In re R.C.
(2011) 196 Cal.App.4th 741; In re Jordan R. (2012) 205 Cal.App.4th 111; In re
Mariah T. (2008) 159 Cal.App.4th 428; In re P.A. (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 1339; In re
Clara B. (1993) 20 Cal.App.4th 988), or where there is physical evidence of abuse and
statements by the child about the abuse (see, e.g., In re Clara B., at p. 1001 [medical
examination evidenced sexual abuse]; In re Carlos T. (2009) 174 Cal.App.4th 795 [11-
year-old became pregnant as a result of being raped by her father; father’s son gave
statements that father also sexually abused him]).
       Unlike these cases, the child at issue, Evan, was preverbal at the time of the
alleged abuse. He could not speak to any abuse, unlike the older children in the cases
father cites. Even if we agreed that those cases provided a stronger basis on which to
sustain jurisdiction, we do not agree that the evidence here is insufficient to do so. As we
have said, mother saw physical evidence of possible abuse; namely, a white fluid that
smelled and looked like semen and redness on Evan’s rectal area. Father also behaved
suspiciously and made suspicious statements. This constitutes sufficient evidence to
sustain jurisdiction over Evan under section 300, subdivisions (b) and (d).
II.    The juvenile court’s order of removal.
       The juvenile court removed Evan from his father’s custody after finding by clear
and convincing evidence that leaving him with father created a substantial danger to
Evan’s physical and emotional well-being and that there were no reasonable means to
protect Evan short of removing him from father’s custody. (§ 361, subd. (c).)4 “ ‘A
removal order is proper if it is based on proof of parental inability to provide proper care


4
       The Department contends that father cannot challenge the removal order on appeal
because he did not object to it in the juvenile court. Father, however, objected to
jurisdiction, which encompassed the dispositional orders, including removal. Also,
father’s counsel’s request, made once the court found it had jurisdiction over Evan, that
the court follow the Department’s recommendation regarding monitored visits for father
does not preclude him from raising the removal order on appeal. He did not “invite
error” as the Department suggests.

                                              6
for the minor and proof of a potential detriment to the minor if he or she remains with the
parent. [Citation.] The parent need not be dangerous and the minor need not have been
actually harmed before removal is appropriate. The focus of the statute is on averting
harm to the child. [Citation.]’ [Citation.]” (In re Miguel C. (2011) 198 Cal.App.4th 965,
969.)
        Father challenges the juvenile court’s removal order on the basis that its finding of
jurisdiction was not supported by substantial evidence. Because we affirm the court’s
finding of jurisdiction, father’s similar argument here also fails. We therefore affirm the
court’s removal order. (See In re James R. (2009) 176 Cal.App.4th 129, 137.)




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                                      DISPOSITION
     The jurisdiction and removal orders of the juvenile court are affirmed.
     NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS




                                               ALDRICH, J.


We concur:


             KLEIN, P. J.




             KITCHING, J.




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