       [Cite as In re A.M.Z., 2019-Ohio-3499.]



                         IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
                          HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO




IN RE: A.M.Z., A.L.Z., T.M.Z., E.Z. :                APPEAL NOS. C-190292
AND E.Z.                                                         C-190317
                                                                 C-190326
                                                 :   TRIAL NO. F17-1650X

                                                 :      O P I N I O N.




Appeals From: Hamilton County Juvenile Court

Judgments Appealed From Are: Affirmed

Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: August 30, 2019



Constance Murdock, for Appellant Mother,

In re Williams Attorney Michael A. Lanzillotta, for Appellants, A.M.Z. and A.L.Z.,

Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Jacqueline O’Hara,
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee Hamilton County Department of Job
and Family Services,

Raymond T. Faller, Hamilton County Public Defender, and Julie Pedersen, Assistant
Public Defender, Guardian ad Litem for Appellee minor children, A.M.Z., A.L.Z.,
T.M.Z., E.Z. and E.Z.
                     OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS



BERGERON, Judge.

       {¶1}   In this parental termination case, the juvenile court presided over two

separate proceedings: one concerning Mother’s three older children and another

concerning Mother’s twin girls, who were born during the course of the initial

proceedings. These proceedings generated separate orders granting the Hamilton

County Department of Job and Family Services’ (the “agency”) application for

permanent custody over all five children. Our review of the record reveals no reason

to disturb that conclusion. We therefore affirm the juvenile court’s decisions.

                                       I.

       {¶2}   This case began with the agency’s emergency, ex parte motion for an

interim order of temporary custody of A.M.Z., A.L.Z., and T.M.Z. due to, among

other things, chronic homelessness, drug use, domestic violence, and criminal

infractions on the part of their parents. Another sibling, A.Y.-C., had been subject to

this proceeding, but subsequently reached the age of majority. A.M.Z., A.L.Z., and

T.M.Z. were adjudicated dependent, with A.L.Z. also being adjudicated neglected.

The agency later moved to modify temporary custody to permanent custody. With

that motion pending, the children’s paternal grandmother petitioned for custody.

After trials on both motions, the magistrate granted the agency’s permanent custody

motion, to which Mother and Father objected. The juvenile court accepted the

magistrate’s decision over these objections and granted the agency permanent

custody over the three children.

       {¶3}   Between the initial adjudication and subsequent disposition as to the

three elder children, Mother gave birth to twins: E.Z.1 and E.Z.2. She and the twins

tested positive for cocaine at their birth. As a result, the juvenile court placed the




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                     OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS



girls in the agency’s temporary custody following an emergency, ex parte request for

an interim order.    In the proceedings regarding the twins, Mother and Father

objected to the same magistrate presiding over the case, given that she had just

granted permanent custody of their older children to the agency. While the agency

initially objected to the move, the parties ultimately agreed to place the adjudication

and disposition of the twins before a juvenile court judge (a different juvenile court

judge from the judge that would ultimately determine disposition as to A.M.Z., A.L.Z.

and T.M.Z). This juvenile court judge adjudicated E.Z.1 and E.Z.2 dependent and

neglected and, shortly thereafter, granted the agency’s permanent custody motion.

        {¶4}   While T.M.Z. was too young to express an opinion, the oldest children,

A.M.Z and A.L.Z., through counsel, appeal the entry terminating the parental rights

of their parents—having consistently maintained their desire to remain with their

parents or another family member. Mother also appeals that entry, as well as the

entry granting the agency permanent custody over the twins. We consolidated the

cases of all five children into a single proceeding before this court for efficiency’s

sake.

                                          II.

        {¶5}   Mother and A.M.Z and A.L.Z. assert the same, single assignment of

error: that clear and convincing evidence did not support the juvenile court’s

determination that granting the agency permanent custody was in the children’s best

interests. Parental termination, the permanent divorce of children from their natural

parents, is a “measure of last resort.” In re T/R/E/M, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-

180703, 2019-Ohio-1427, ¶ 12. Such a judgment is appropriate only after satisfaction

of the two-part test set forth in R.C. 2151.414(B): “(1) permanent custody is in the




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child’s best interest and (2) that one of the conditions in R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)[(a)]

through (e) applies.” In re J.G.S., 1st Dist. Hamilton Nos. C-180611 and C-180619,

2019-Ohio-802, ¶ 34, citing In re M., R., & H., 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-170008,

2017-Ohio-1431, ¶ 17. The juvenile court’s determination concerning this two-part

test must be supported by clear and convincing evidence in the record.                       In re

T/R/E/M at ¶ 10. Clear and convincing evidence “is evidence sufficient to ‘produce

in the mind of the trier of fact[] a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be

established.’ ” In re W.W., 1st Dist. Hamilton Nos. C-110363 and C-110402, 2011-

Ohio-4912, ¶ 46, quoting In re K.H., 119 Ohio St.3d 538, 2008-Ohio-4825, 895

N.E.2d 809, ¶ 42.

        {¶6}    As to the first prong, best interests, juvenile courts are statutorily

required to consider the factors enumerated at R.C. 2151.414(D)(1).1 With respect to

the three elder children, the magistrate’s decision chronicled the history of the case

and walked through relevant evidence—in particular, testimony from an employee

from Beech Acres Parenting and the agency caseworker. In adopting the magistrate’s

decision, the juvenile court referenced its consideration of the R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)

factors. The records in both cases are replete with support for the juvenile court’s

best interests determinations as to all five children, as we will detail below.

        {¶7}    We begin with R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(a) and (b), which concern “[t]he

interaction and interrelationship of the child with the child’s parents, siblings,



1 The twins’ case proceeded directly to an adjudication and disposition before the juvenile court
without first being heard by a magistrate. We note that the juvenile court’s dispositional entry
does not patently reflect due consideration of the R.C. 2151.414(D)(1) best interests factors. While
this raises a red flag in the parental-termination context, In re T/R/E/M at ¶ 12 (“The court must
consider all relevant factors within R.C. 2151.414(D)(1) to determine whether permanent custody
is in the best interest of the child.”), the appellants do not challenge this aspect of the entry on
appeal. We therefore decline to address an issue not raised by the parties. See App.R.
12(A)(1)(b).


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                     OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS



relatives, foster caregivers and out-of-home providers, and any other person who

may significantly affect the child” and “the wishes of the child” considered in the

context of his/her maturity level. While acknowledging A.M.Z.’s and A.L.Z.’s desires

to remain with their Mother or a family member, the magistrate noted that their

guardian ad litem believed that their best interests would be furthered with the

agency having permanent custody. Mother stopped visiting the children leading up

to trial, and to the extent that the parents participated in visits, they never

progressed beyond the most restrictive level. Although Mother cites bedrest as the

reason she had curtailed her visits, the trial took place nearly three months following

the birth of the twins, and they were never in her care. Testimony from multiple

sources demonstrated that the children’s Father has anger and aggression issues.

Testimony also established that the children had virtually no bond with their

paternal grandmother—leaving aside the fact that her home was unsuitable for the

children due to cigarette smoke, that the children were left unsupervised with their

mother during limited, agency-arranged visits to her home, and strong suggestions

that the grandmother was overwhelmed by the prospect of caring for the children.

A.M.Z. and A.L.Z. resided in the same foster home and both were engaged in

therapeutic services for behavioral disorders. The agency caseworker testified that

A.M.Z. presented as a happy child in foster care and A.L.Z. exhibited overall

improvement. The agency anticipated that T.M.Z. would be adopted by his separate

foster home, where he had been making significant developmental progress. Shortly

after birth, the twins were placed with maternal relatives in Kentucky absent

objection from Mother.      The agency caseworker described their placement as

“phenomenal” and anticipated adoption. Mother, on the other hand, had visited the




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                     OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS



twins only a handful of times since their birth in late 2018, despite the fact that they

were placed with members of her family.

       {¶8}   R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(c) concerns the children’s custodial history. While

the three elder children were not in the agency’s custody for over a year, the agency

sought custody on an emergency, ex parte basis. The agency pursued custody of the

twins on the same basis just months after they were born and, given the case history

with respect to their siblings, contemporaneously sought permanent custody. The

twins thus were never in Mother’s care—having been placed with relatives upon their

discharge from the hospital after birth.

       {¶9}   R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(d) concerns the children’s “need for a legally

secure permanent placement and whether that type of placement can be achieved

without a grant of permanent custody to the agency.” Both parents have been

incarcerated during the pendency of these cases. Concerns over chronic drug use are

apparent—given the presence of cocaine in the twins upon birth. Both parents

doggedly resisted diagnostic assessments, but upon finally completing hers, mother’s

results displayed post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety disorders, which

prompted recommendations for psychiatric support treatment, case management,

possible medication compliance, a domestic violence assessment, parenting

education, and random toxicology screens. Neither parent cooperated with random

toxicology screens, and the agency never received confirmation that Mother attended

any therapy or participated in community psychiatric supportive treatment. After

being assessed for domestic violence, Father did not participate in a related program

to which he was referred, nor did Mother participate in the support and education

program that she was offered. While they completed parenting classes, they did not




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                     OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS



finish all aspects of the program. Paternal grandmother was the only family member

to step forward to seek custody, but her placement was ruled out for the reasons

already noted. All of the above points to the agency’s custody as the only avenue

available for legally secure placement of these children for purposes of R.C.

2151.414(D)(1)(d).

       {¶10} Finally, R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(e) directs the court to R.C. 2151.414(E)(7)

to (11) for the final elements of the best-interests analysis. There, the reader finds a

list of considerations related to specific criminal activity, withholding food or

medical care, especially problematic drug abuse, abandonment, and prior parental

terminations. This last consideration was apparent to the juvenile court, given the

significant overlap between the two cases.

       {¶11} All of the above confirms that Mother could not provide a safe and

healthy environment for her children. The record shows, clearly and convincingly,

that the best interests of the children required that the agency be granted permanent

custody of the children.

       {¶12} For purposes of the second prong under R.C. 2151.414(B), we note that

neither the older children nor the twins have been in the agency’s temporary custody

for 12 or more months of a consecutive 22-month period as referenced in R.C.

2151.414(B)(1)(d). As to the elder children, the juvenile court awarded the agency

interim temporary custody on June 28, 2017, and the agency moved for permanent

custody well within a year, on March 22, 2018. Likewise, as to the twins, the juvenile

court awarded the agency interim temporary custody on January 29, 2019, and the

agency moved concurrently for permanent custody. Instead, the juvenile court found

that the children could not be placed with either of their parents within a reasonable




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                     OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS



time or should not be placed with their parents under R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a), which

in turn requires clear and convincing evidence that at least one of the conditions

listed under R.C. 2151.414(E) was present as to the parents.

       {¶13} Among the factors listed in R.C. 2151.414(E) are those related to

continued and repeated failure to take advantage of case plans intended to remedy

the outside-the-home placement, chronic chemical dependency that persistently

affects the ability of the parent to provide an adequate home, and a demonstrated

lack of commitment by the parents to the children. R.C. 2151.414(E)(1), (2) and (4).

The magistrate in A.M.Z., A.L.Z., and T.M.Z’s case referenced the fact that their

parents had been evicted from their home a few weeks prior to trial, that supervised

visits had been terminated due to nonattendance, that their twin siblings—born

during the proceedings—tested positive for cocaine and, generally, that their parents

had not made substantial progress with their case plan. We have reviewed the record

and conclude that these findings are clearly and convincingly supported by the

documentary and testimonial evidence presented below. The determination is even

more straightforward with respect to the twins, in the wake of the juvenile court’s

prior termination of parental rights for the elder children at the time of their

disposition. Under R.C. 2151.414(E)(11), this fact alone was sufficient to underpin a

finding that the twins could not be placed with their parents within a reasonable time

or should not be placed with them absent clear and convincing proof that they were

in a position to give the twins legally secure and adequate care notwithstanding the

prior termination. Their parents proffered no such proof.

       {¶14} For their part, the appellants only sketch in cursory fashion any legal

argument in their briefs. They seem to rely on the fact that Mother completed




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                     OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS



certain aspects of her case plan (the classroom portion of parenting classes) and

behaved appropriately during visits with her children. But this characterization of

Mother’s adherence to her case plan stands incomplete, given the other portions of

the record summarized above. They cite Mother’s stable income ($771/month in

Social Security benefits) and stable housing—notwithstanding a recent eviction and

the fact that she does not, currently, live independently. At the twins’ disposition

hearing, she did not present any cogent plan for obtaining stable housing or

providing for the varying mental health and behavioral issues facing her children.

While at times Mother reported that she had ended the relationship with the

children’s Father—a relationship marred by a cloud of domestic violence—Father

reported that they planned to reconcile following the disposition of his pending

criminal charges. In her testimony at the twins’ disposition hearing, she equivocated

on the matter, raising additional concerns about the safety and security of the

children.

       {¶15} The appellants also criticize the speed at which the parental

terminations took place in this case—particularly as to the twins. But the record

reflects, at best, partial compliance with Mother’s case plan. We appreciate the

desire of A.M.Z. and A.L.Z. to remain with their Mother, as well as Mother’s

sentiments, expressed at the twins’ dispositional hearing, that she wanted to effect

change in her behavior and case compliance. But the record simply does not reflect

that a reasonable time frame, even if allowed, would have sufficed to remedy the

varied and severe substance abuse, mental health, and domestic violence issues that

prevent Mother from serving as a legally adequate caretaker for her children,

particularly given her lack of progress throughout the course of the proceedings.




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                      OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS



       {¶16} For the foregoing reasons, we find that the juvenile court’s

determinations as to these children were supported by clear and convincing

evidence. We overrule the appellants’ assignment of error and affirm the juvenile

court’s judgments.

                                                             Judgments affirmed.

MOCK, P.J., and MYERS, J., concur.


Please note:
       The court has recorded its own entry this date.




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