                               ATTORNEY GENERAL OF TEXAS
                                            GREG        ABBOTT




                                                 July 16,2009



Mr. Duane Waddill                                           Opinion No. GA-0727
Executive Director
Texas Residential Construction Commission                   Re: Whether the Texas State Library and
Post Office Box 13509                                       Archives Commission may require a state
Austin, Texas 78711-3509                                    agency to create and maintain written minutes of
                                                            the agency's public meetings (RQ-0781-GA)

Dear Mr. Waddill:

       You ask whether the Texas State Library and Archives Commission ("TSLAC") may
"require a state agency to create and maintain written minutes of the agency's open meetings, when
the requirement does not merely implement nor reasonably construe the statute, but effectively
negates the statutory provisions."!

        The TSLAC rule at issue in your request is contained within the Texas State Records
Retention Schedule and provides for the retention period of state government records. 2 See 13 TEx.
ADMIN. CODE § 6.10 (2009) (Tex. State Library & Archives Comm'n) (record series item number
1.1.060). With respect to audio and videotapes of an agency's open meetings, the rule sets out a
retention period of ninety days after the "[0]fficial approval of written minutes of the meeting by the
governing body of an agency." Id The comment accompanying the stated retention period for audio
and videotapes of open meetings cautions:

                 Minutes of state agencies are permanent records. Audio and
                 videotapes are not permanent media. State agencies may not retain
                 audio and videotapes of the meetings of governing bodies in lieu of
                 written minutes. The proceedings of all meetings of state boards,
                 committees, commissions, and councils must be reduced to writing.

Id.



        IRequest Letter at 1 (available at http://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov).

         2Eut see TEx. GOV'T CODE ANN. § 441.194(a)--{c) (Vernon Supp. 2008) (providing for records of abolished
state agencies).
Mr. Duane Waddill - Page 2                     (GA-0727)




        The statute you characterize as effectively negated by the TSLAC rule is section 551.021 of
the Open Meetings Act, which authorizes a governmental body to "prepare and keep minutes or
make a tape recording of each open meeting of the body." Request Letter at 2 (quoting section
551.021(a) of the Government Code). See TEx. GOV'T CODE ANN. § 551.021(a) (Vernon 2004).
You argue that the TSLAC rule and its cautionary statement contravene section 551.021 by negating
a governmental body's discretion to make a tape recording of its open meetings in lieu of preparing
and keeping written minutes. See Request Letter at 6. You do not ask about the validity of the
TSLAC rule under its enabling statute and we need not reach that question here. See id. at 1.
Instead, you inquire whether the rule is invalid because it conflicts with section 551.021. See id. at
2,4,6.

         The Texas Supreme Court has said that even if valid under its own enabling legislation, an
administrative rule may not be "inconsistent with the expression of the lawmakers' intent in statutes
other than those under which the regulations are issued." State v. Jackson, 376 S.W.2d 341,345
(Tex. 1964) (emphasis added). Pursuant to the court's statement in State v. Jackson, we must
determine the lawmakers' intent in section 551.021. Section 551.021 provides that a "governmental
body shall prepare and keep minutes or make a tape recording of each open meeting of the body."
TEx. GOV'TCODEANN. § 551.021 (a) (Vernon 2004) (emphasis added). In its ordinary use, the term
"or" is disjunctive and indicates a choice between alternatives. Jones v. State, 175 S.W.3d. 927, 932
(Tex. App.-Dallas 2005, no pet.) (citing Spradlin v. Jim Walter Homes, Inc., 34 S.W.3d 578, 581
(Tex. 2000»; see also TEx. GOV'TCODEANN. § 311.011 (Vernon 2005) ("Words and phrases shall
be read in context and construed according to the rules of grammar and common usage."). "The use
of the disjunctive usually indicates alternatives and requires that those alternatives be treated
separately." Jones, 175 S.W.3d at 932 (citing Perez v. State, 11 S.W.3d. 218,225 (Tex. Crim. App.
2000». The Legislature'S use ofthe disjunctive here indicates its intentto give a governmental body
two alternatives-keeping written minutes or making a tape recording-for complying with the
obligation to keep a record ofthe governmental body's open meetings. By requiring written minutes
of a governmental body's open meetings, the TSLAC rule at issue here effectively negates one
of the alternatives and is thus inconsistent with section 551.021. Cf TEx. GOV'T CODE ANN.
§ 441.189(a) (Vernon 2004) (authorizing electronic records). Because it is inconsistent with section
551.021, we conclude that a court would likely determine that the TSLAC rule is invalid.
Mr. Duane Waddill - Page 3                  (GA-0727)




                                     SUMMARY

                       Because the Texas State Library and Archives Commission's
              rule requiring a state agency to create and maintain written minutes
              of the agency's open meetings is inconsistent with section 551.021 of
              the Open Meetings Act, we believe a court would likely find it
              invalid.




ANDREW WEBER
First Assistant Attorney General

JONATHAN K. FRELS
Deputy Attorney General for Legal Counsel

NANCY S. FULLER
Chair, Opinion Committee

Charlotte M. Harper
Assistant Attorney General, Opinion Committee
