                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                  No. 19-0445
                               Filed April 1, 2020


STATE OF IOWA,
     Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

CLINT M. BRAUN,
     Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________


       Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Hamilton County, Paul B. Ahlers,

District Associate Judge.



       Clint Braun appeals after pleading guilty to one count of forgery.

AFFIRMED.



       Seth Harrington of Harrington Law LC, Urbandale, for appellant.

       Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Martha E. Trout, Assistant Attorney

General, for appellee.



       Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Doyle and May, JJ. Ahlers, J., takes

no part.
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DOYLE, Judge.

      Clint Braun pled guilty to one count of forgery in exchange for the State’s

agreement to dismiss a second-degree-theft charge and recommend probation.

The district court sentenced Braun to a five-year term of incarceration. On direct

appeal, Braun contends his counsel was ineffective by failing to object to the

prosecutor’s alleged breach of the plea agreement at the sentencing hearing.1

      We review ineffective-assistance claims de novo. See Lamasters v. State,

821 N.W.2d 856, 862 (Iowa 2012).        To succeed, Braun must show counsel

breached a duty and prejudice resulted. See State v. Graves, 668 N.W.2d 860,

869 (Iowa 2003).    A breach of duty occurs if counsel’s performance is not

objectively reasonable. See State v. Ortiz, 905 N.W.2d 174, 183 (Iowa 2017).

Because counsel has no duty to make a meritless objection, Braun’s claim

depends on whether the prosecutor breached the plea agreement. See State v.

Bearse, 748 N.W.2d 211, 215 (Iowa 2008) (“[T]o determine whether counsel failed

to perform an essential duty in failing to object to the prosecutor’s

recommendation, we must first determine whether the State breached the plea

agreement.”).

      At the sentencing hearing, the prosecutor stated:

             The plea agreement in this case is for the State to recommend
      probation, so that’s what the State is going to recommend. It’s
      troubling that Mr. Braun really had—seemed like he had trouble
      making it to court and cooperating with the presentence
      investigation. My hope is, given the privilege of probation, that his
      performance on probation is better than it was in getting his

1 Because recent amendments to Iowa Code chapter 814 (2019) that limit a
defendant’s right to appeal do not apply to cases pending on July 1, 2019, see
State v. Macke, 933 N.W.2d 226, 235 (Iowa 2019), we may consider Braun’s claim
on direct appeal.
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       presentence investigation done. We would ask that if he is given
       probation, the $750 fine be suspended, 35 percent surcharge be
       suspended, pay [the] $125 law enforcement initiative surcharge,
       court costs. We have no position on attorney fees. We ask that he
       submit a DNA sample.

The express recommendation followed the plea agreement. But Braun alleges the

prosecutor undermined the agreement by communicating his reservations to the

court when he observed that Braun had trouble completing the presentence

investigation, characterized probation as a “privilege,” and stated a “hope” that

Braun’s performance on probation would be better.       When coupled with the

prosecutor’s failure to give a reason for recommending the sentence apart from

the plea agreement, Braun argues the prosecutor failed to commend the sentence

adequately to satisfy the agreement.

       In deciding whether a prosecutor breached a plea agreement, the question

“is whether the prosecutor acted contrary to the common purpose of the plea

agreement and the justified expectations of the defendant and thereby effectively

deprived the defendant of the benefit of the bargain.” State v. Frencher, 873

N.W.2d 281, 284 (Iowa Ct. App. 2015). Thus, a breach can occur when the

prosecutor technically complies with the plea agreement but expresses “material

reservations” about it.   Id.   A prosecutor may imply material reservation “by

proposing alternative sentences; by requesting ‘an appropriate sentence’ rather

than the agreed-upon sentence; by making a recommendation and then reminding

the court it is not bound by the plea agreement; or by emphasizing a more severe

punishment recommended by the presentence investigation author.” Id. at 285

(citing cases).
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       We cannot find the prosecutor breached the plea agreement by expressing

material reservation implicitly, as Braun alleges.         The prosecutor explicitly

recommended probation, and none of the examples of implicit expression of

reservation set forth in Frencher occurred here. Although the prosecutor stated

concern about Braun’s failure to attend court hearings and the presentence

investigation, the sentencing hearing began with the court outlining these failures

in detail. In context, the prosecutor’s acknowledgment of Braun’s “trouble making

it to court and cooperating with the presentence investigation” appears less

calculated to redirect the court’s attention to these failures and more to

acknowledge the court’s concerns. See id. (finding that the prosecutor discussed

the defendant’s criminal history and negative information in the presentence

investigation report “only to provide context to the sentencing recommendation”);

see also State v. Schlachter, 884 N.W.2d 782, 786 (Iowa Ct. App. 2016) (holding

prosecutor’s act of reciting the defendant’s criminal record “was not a distraction

from the prosecutor’s recommendation, but strengthened it by alerting the court

the prosecutor was aware of [it] and was making the recommendation with that

knowledge”).    Ultimately, the prosecutor stated his “hope” that Braun would

perform better if granted probation as the prosecutor recommended.

       Because Braun has failed to show his counsel breached an essential duty

by failing to object, his ineffective-assistance claim fails and we affirm.

       AFFIRMED.
