                                                                                  United States Court of Appeals
                                                                                           Fifth Circuit
                                                                                         F I L E D
                           UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                           May 29, 2003
                                         FIFTH CIRCUIT
                                                                                     Charles R. Fulbruge III
                                                                                             Clerk
                                           ____________

                                           No. 02-10398
                                           ____________


               TOMMY SWANSON; DONALD BRADLEY; OSCAR MORGAN,
               III; GARY COLLINS, Reverend; WARREN LEWIS; WILDER
               SMITH; CHARLES ELLIS, and others similarly situated,


                                               Plaintiffs - Appellants,

               versus

               STEPHEN A           PERRY,      Administrator      General    Services
               Administration,

                                               Defendant - Appellee.


                           Appeal from the United States District Court
                               for the Northern District of Texas
                                      No. 4: 01-CV-258-A



Before HIGGINBOTHAM, EMILIO M. GARZA, and DENNIS, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:*

       In this Title VII employment discrimination action brought by the seven named plaintiffs

(“Employees”) on behalf of a putative class consisting of themselves and other similarly-situated male,

African-American employees of General Services Administration (“GSA”) Region Seven, Employees




       *
          Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, t he court has determined that this opinion should not be
published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.
appeal the district court’s denial of their motion for class certification and summary-judgment

dismissal of their individual claims.

        Employees argue that the district court erred in denying their motion for class certification.

We review for abuse of discretion a district court’s decision concerning whether to certify a proposed

class. Jenkins v. Raymark Indus., Inc., 782 F.2d 468, 472 (5th Cir. 1986).

        Under Rule 23(a), a class action may be maintained only if the plaintiffs first demonstrate the

following:

        (1) the class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable
        [“numerosity”], (2) there are questions of law or fact common to the class
        [“commonality”], (3) the claims or defenses of the representative parties are typical
        of the claims or defenses of the class [“typicality”], and (4) the representative parties
        will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class [“adequacy of
        representation”].

FED. R. CIV. P. 23(a). Additionally, where the plaintiffs seek monetary relief under Rule 23(b)(2),

the plaintiffs’ claims for injunctive and declaratory relief must “predominate” over their claims for

monetary relief. See Allison v. Citgo Petroleum Corp., 151 F.3d 402, 411-12 (5th Cir. 1998).

        The district court correctly determined that Employees failed to carry their burden of showing

“commonality” and “typicality.” The court also correctly determined that Emplo yees’ claims for

injunctive and declaratory relief do not predominate over their compensatory damage claims, which

require individualized determinations. Because Employees failed to meet the requirements of Rule

23(a) or Rule 23(b), the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Employees’ motion for

class certification.

        Employees argue that the district court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of GSA

on their individual claims, and in dismissing those claims. We review de novo a district court’s



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decision to grant summary judgment. See Sherrod v. American Airlines, Inc., 132 F.3d 1112, 1121

(5th Cir. 1998).

        A federal employee must exhaust his administrative remedies before bringing an employment

discrimination suit in federal court. Hampton v. Internal Revenue Serv., 913 F.2d 180, 182 (5th Cir.

1990). For the employee to exhaust his administrative remedies, he must consult an agency counselor

and file a formal complaint, both within the required time periods. Robinson v. Dalton, 107 F.3d

1018, 1021 (3d Cir. 1997). The regulations require the aggrieved employee to initiate contact with

an EEO counselor within 45 days of the occurrence of the allegedly discriminatory action. See 29

C.F.R. § 1614.105(a)(1). Failure to notify the EEO counselor within this time period constitutes a

failure to exhaust administrative remedies and acts as a bar to judicial pursuit of those claims. See

Pancheco v. Rice, 966 F.2d 904, 905 (5th Cir. 1992). The counseling provisions and requirements

of § 1614.105 apply to both class and individual actions. See 29 C.F.R. § 1614.204.

        By a document dated May 6, 1997 (and marked received May 9, 1997), Mr. Swanson filed

an administrative class complaint alleging violations of Title VII, naming himself and ten others. The

district court accepted May 6, 1997 as the date that Mr. Swanson initiated contact with the EEO

counselor.1 As the district court recognized, that administrative class complaint lacks any allegation

that any one of the plaintiffs in the action suffered a discriminatory practice during the 45 days prior

to May 6, 1997. Likewise, Employees’ formal class complaint, filed with the GSA on December 8,

1997, fails to allege any acts of individual discrimination occurring within the 45-day period prior to




        1
        According to the EEO counselor’s report, the EEO counselor did not receive the case until
August 27, 1997. The initial interview was conducted on September 24, 1997.

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May 6, 1997. Thus, even assuming that Employees’ class complaint contained individual complaints,2

Employees cannot show that they initiated contact with an EEO counselor within 45 days of the

occurrence of the allegedly discriminatory actions giving rise to their individual claims.3 Thus, the

district court did not err in granting summary judgment in favor of GSA on those claims. See

Pancheco, 966 F.2d at 905.4

       For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the district court’s decision denying Employees’

motion for class certification, granting summary judgment in favor of GSA on Employees’ individual

claims, and dismissing those claims.




       2
         Arguably, Employees’ individual claims were not actually filed with GSA until after the ALJ
rejected the class (i.e., after January 15, 2000).
       3
         Employees maintain that Mr. Warren Lewis was fired in March 28, 1997, within the 45-day
period prior to May 6, 1997. However, Lewis’ official “Notification of Personnel Action” shows that
Lewis was removed from federal service on July 14, 1997 – a date outside of the 45-day period. The
only evidence Employees provided to show that Lewis was fired on March 28, 1997 is Lewis’ own,
self-serving affidavit, in which he states that he was fired “on or about” that date.
       4
         Contrary to Employees’ contention, the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying
Employees’ Rule 56(f) motion to continue GSA’s motion for summary judgment. To get such a
continuance, Employees must “specifically explain both why it is currently unable to present evidence
creating a genuine issue fact and how a continuance would enable the party to present such
evidence.” Liquid Drill, Inc. v. U.S. Turnkey Exploration, Inc., 48 F.3d 927, 930 (5th Cir. 1995).
The district court correctly concluded that Employees did not meet their burden of demonstrating
how the desired discovery would rebut the points raised in GSA’s motion for summary judgment.

        Employees also argue that GSA is precluded from raising any timeliness issues, since GSA
had an obligation to report information on timeliness to the EEOC within thirty days of the GSA’s
receipt of Employees’ complaint. This argument is foreclosed by our decision in Oaxaca v. Roscoe,
641 F.2d 386, 390 (5th Cir,. 1981).

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