                              STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

                            SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

                                                                                      FILED
                                                                                     April 28, 2014
In Re: S.S.                                                                     RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK

                                                                              SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

                                                                                  OF WEST VIRGINIA

No. 14-0012 (Mercer County 12-JA-124)


                               MEMORANDUM DECISION
        Petitioner Father filed this appeal by his counsel, Michael P. Cooke, from an order
entered December 5, 2013, in the Circuit Court of Mercer County, which terminated his parental
rights to three-year-old S.S. The guardian ad litem for the child, Colin Cline, filed a response in
support of the circuit court’s order. The Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”),
by its attorney, William P. Jones, also filed a response in support of the circuit court’s order.
Petitioner argues that the circuit court erred when it failed to grant him a dispositional
improvement period before terminating his parental rights.

        This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

         In July of 2012, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition against petitioner. The
petition alleged that petitioner had not been consistently involved with S.S. her whole life and
failed to financially and emotionally support the child. In February of 2013, petitioner stipulated
to neglecting S.S. The circuit court granted him a post-adjudicatory improvement period.
Subsequently, the DHHR crafted a family case plan for petitioner to participate in adult life
skills, individualized parenting, random drug screens, and a psychological evaluation with a
substance abuse assessment. The DHHR’s April of 2013 court summary explains that petitioner
has tested positive for cocaine, THC, and benzodiazepine. The summary also provides that
petitioner had been inconsistent with his visits with S.S., including arriving forty-five minutes
late to one visit, and leaving early for another visit after he saw a friend walking across the street.
On another occasion, the Bluefield Police Department (BPD) was summoned after Mountaineer
Bowling Alley reported that petitioner was publicly intoxicated and that he was talking about
committing suicide. Upon the BPD’s arrival, petitioner was transported to the hospital.

        In October of 2013, the circuit court held a dispositional hearing. Petitioner failed to
attend the hearing and his whereabouts were unknown. The circuit court heard evidence of
petitioner’s noncompliance with his case plan before, during, and after his recent incarceration
from May through July of 2013 for driving under the influence, driving on a suspended license,
and unlawful use of a vehicle. The evidence further revealed that petitioner tested positive five
times each for valium, oxazepam, THC, and cocaine. In December of 2013, the circuit court

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entered an order terminating petitioner’s parental rights after finding that there was no reasonable
likelihood that the conditions of neglect could be substantially corrected in the near future. From
this termination order, petitioner now appeals.

       This Court has previously established the following standard of review:

               “Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
       novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
       facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
       evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether
       such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a
       reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when,
       although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire
       evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been
       committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply
       because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if
       the circuit court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record
       viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223,
       470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).

Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011).

        Petitioner’s sole argument on appeal is that the circuit court erred when it failed to grant
him a dispositional improvement period and terminated his parental rights. Petitioner argues that
he should have been afforded the opportunity to further seek and obtain much needed substance
abuse treatment and have regular visitation with S.S.

         Upon our review of the record, we find no error by the circuit court. “‘Although parents
have substantial rights that must be protected, the primary goal in cases involving abuse and
neglect, as in all family law matters, must be the health and welfare of the children.’ Syl. Pt. 3, In
re Katie S., 198 W.Va. 79, 479 S.E.2d 589 (1996).” Syl. Pt. 2, In re Timber M., 231 W.Va. 44,
743 S.E.2d 352 (2013). West Virginia Code § 49-6-12(c) directs that a circuit court has the
discretion to grant a six-month improvement period at disposition if the subject parent has filed a
written motion for an improvement period, which demonstrates by clear and convincing
evidence that he or she is likely to fully participate in the improvement period. In the instant
case, it is undisputed that petitioner did not file a written motion for a dispositional improvement
period.

        Furthermore, even if petitioner had properly filed a motion for a dispositional
improvement period, the record does not support his contention that he showed by clear and
convincing evidence that he was likely to fully participate. To the contrary, the record indicates
that petitioner had difficulty meeting the requirements of his post-adjudicatory improvement
period. He continued to test positive for various drugs; was absent and unavailable for several
meetings, visitations, and hearings; and failed to submit an application to his case worker for
drug treatment. Under West Virginia Code § 49-6-5(b)(3), circumstances in which a parent fails
to respond to rehabilitative efforts are considered those in which there is no reasonable likelihood


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that the conditions of neglect or abuse can be substantially corrected. The record reveals that,
despite opportunities to complete an improvement period, petitioner failed to avail himself of
services and treatment. This evidence was sufficient to support the circuit court’s findings and
conclusions that there was no reasonable likelihood that conditions of abuse and neglect could be
substantially corrected in the near future, and that termination was necessary for the child’s
welfare. Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 49-6-5(a)(6), circuit courts are directed to terminate
parental rights upon such findings.

       For the foregoing reasons, we affirm.

                                                                                       Affirmed.


ISSUED: April 28, 2014

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Brent D. Benjamin
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Allen H. Loughry II




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