                           ILLINOIS OFFICIAL REPORTS
                                        Appellate Court




                Cieslewicz v. Forest Preserve District, 2012 IL App (1st) 100801




Appellate Court            STEVEN CIESLEWICZ, Independent Administrator of the Estate of
Caption                    Anna M. Cieslewicz, Deceased, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. FOREST
                           PRESERVE DISTRICT OF COOK COUNTY, a Municipal Corporation,
                           Defendant-Appellee.–MARY MURPHY-SMITH and CHARLES
                           SMITH, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. FOREST PRESERVE DISTRICT OF
                           COOK COUNTY, a Municipal Corporation, Defendant-Appellee.



District & No.             First District, Sixth Division
                           Docket Nos. 1-10-0801, 1-10-0812 cons.


Filed                      May 17, 2012


Held                       In an action for the death and injuries caused by dogs on defendant forest
(Note: This syllabus       preserve district’s property, the trial court’s entry of summary judgment
constitutes no part of     for defendant was affirmed on the ground that defendant was not, as a
the opinion of the court   matter of law, an owner of the dogs for purposes of the Animal Control
but has been prepared      Act, notwithstanding the fact that defendant was notified two months
by the Reporter of         before the attacks that dogs were present near the trail where the attacks
Decisions for the          occurred, since the evidence failed to establish that defendant knowingly
convenience of the         permitted the dogs to be on its property, that defendant’s employees ever
reader.)
                           saw the dogs before the attacks, or that defendant exercised any care,
                           custody or control over the dogs.


Decision Under             Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, Nos. 03-L-1949, 03-L-
Review                     1705 cons.; the Hon. Bill Taylor and the Hon. John Ward, Judges,
                           presiding.
Judgment                    Affirmed.


Counsel on                  Motherway & Napleton, L.L.P. (Robert J. Napleton and Nicholas J.
Appeal                      Motherway, of counsel), Law Offices of John M. Saletta, P.C. (John M.
                            Saletta, of counsel), and Clifford Law Offices, P.C. (Kevin P. Durkin,
                            Michael S. Krzak, and Colin H. Dunn, of counsel), all of Chicago, and
                            Law Offices of Lynn D. Dowd, of Wheaton (Lynn D. Dowd, of counsel),
                            for appellants.

                            Johnson & Bell, Ltd., of Chicago (Joann T. Angarola, David M.
                            Macksey, and Garrett L. Boehm, Jr., of Chicago, for appellee.

                            Brian Day, Ashley Niebur, and Roger Huebner, all Springfield, for
                            amicus curiae Illinois Municipal League.

                            Jason Anselment and Peter Murphy, both of Springfield, for amicus
                            curiae Illinois Association of Park Districts.


Panel                       JUSTICE LAMPKIN delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
                            Presiding Justice R. Gordon and Justice Garcia concurred in the judgment
                            and opinion.



                                              OPINION

¶1          Plaintiffs, Steven Cieslewicz and Mary Murphy-Smith and Charles Smith, brought the
        underlying case as a result of dog attacks occurring on property owned by defendant, Forest
        Preserve District of Cook County (Forest Preserve). Upon reconsideration, the trial court
        granted defendant’s motion for summary judgment, finding defendant was not an “owner”
        as defined by the Animal Control Act (Act) (510 ILCS 5/1-27 (West 2002)) and, therefore,
        was not liable under the Act for the injuries caused by the offending dogs. On appeal,
        plaintiffs contend the trial court erred in finding as a matter of law that defendant was not an
        owner pursuant to the Act. Based on the following, we affirm.

¶2                                            FACTS
¶3         On January 12, 2003, Anna Cieslewicz and Mary Murphy-Smith were attacked, in
        separate incidents, by two dogs on or near the Major Taylor Trail in the Dan Ryan Woods,
        which is within defendant’s property. Anna died and Mary was severely injured. On the date

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     of the attacks, Forest Preserve officers James Kapsalis and Reginald Ross located one of the
     dogs, a brown and black pit bull, and killed it when the dog charged at Officer Kapsalis. The
     second attack dog, a white and brown mixed breed, was trapped on January 16, 2003.
¶4       Prior to the attacks, a number of individuals reported seeing aggressive dogs in the area.
     According to her deposition testimony, one month before the attack, Mary was charged at
     and threatened by a pit bull and approximately four other dogs. She immediately reported the
     incident to two Forest Preserve officers and was told that the situation would be handled.
     Mary later identified the pit bull as having been involved on both occasions. John Trice
     provided an affidavit in which he stated that he encountered two pit bulls between 30 to 40
     times from November 2002 until January 12, 2003, while jogging near the Major Taylor
     Trail. Trice said he was accosted by the dogs on each occasion. Trice reported the first
     incident to a Forest Preserve park ranger and was told the situation would be taken care of.
     Trice later identified photographs of the pit bulls, which were the same dogs that attacked
     Mary. Thomas Justic provided an affidavit in which he stated that he encountered aggressive
     dogs while riding his bicycle in the Dan Ryan Woods near the location of the attacks. On
     December 28, 2002, Justic saw one pit bull that snarled and barked when he passed and
     became more aggressive when Justic passed again. On January 4, 2003, Justic encountered
     the same pit bull while riding his bicycle. The pit bull, however, was joined by two other
     dogs, all of which chased Justic’s bicycle. Justic described the pit bull as “much more
     aggressive” on the second encounter. Justic attempted to report the incidents to a Forest
     Preserve park ranger, but called the City of Chicago animal control department when he was
     unsuccessful at locating a park ranger.
¶5       Defendant does not have an animal control department. The City of Chicago and Cook
     County animal control departments service defendant’s property. Darrell James Howell, a
     division superintendent of maintenance for the Forest Preserve, testified at his deposition that
     he observed stray dogs in the Dan Ryan Woods every three or four months over the course
     of his 15-year career. When a stray was seen, Howell was to call the City of Chicago and
     Cook County animal control departments. Howell said his staff patrolled the woods two or
     three times per week for strays. Howell additionally saw animal control patrolling the woods
     about two to three times per week. According to Officer Ross’s written discovery answers,
     he spent one-third of his time at work patrolling the Dan Ryan Woods. Officer Ross
     approximated that he received stray dog reports from citizens every two months and from
     defendant’s maintenance division every two to three months. While canvassing the Dan Ryan
     Woods, Officer Ross spotted a pit bull twice. When Officer Ross observed any stray dogs,
     he contacted Cook County animal control or attempted to run the dog out of the woods
     himself. Officer Kapsalis testified at his deposition that he frequently patrolled the Dan Ryan
     Woods and never saw a loose or stray pit bull. Forest Preserve officer James Womack
     testified at his deposition that, when he observed a stray dog in the Dan Ryan Woods, he took
     steps to force the animal from the property and called animal control if unsuccessful.
     According to Jessie Young, an animal control officer for Cook County, he patrolled the Dan
     Ryan Woods once per week for approximately 45 minutes to search for stray animals.
¶6       According to records retained by the Cook County animal control department, a total of
     three dogs, including two pit bulls, were caught and removed from the Dan Ryan Woods on

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       June 5, 2002, July 26, 2002, and January 9, 2003. According to records retained by the City
       of Chicago animal control department, animal control officers were dispatched to the Dan
       Ryan Woods to investigate at least nine stray dog complaints in 2002; however, in most
       instances, the animal was gone by the time the officer arrived.
¶7         On May 2, 2008, the trial court denied defendant’s motion for summary judgment,
       finding that there were genuine issues of material fact precluding judgment as a matter of law
       as to the question of whether defendant exhibited ownership over the dogs at issue by
       “knowingly permitting” the dogs to remain on defendant’s property as provided by the Act.
       Defendant filed a motion to reconsider. The trial court granted the motion to reconsider and,
       on November 19, 2009, granted defendant’s motion for summary judgment, finding there
       were no genuine issues of material fact where plaintiffs did not provide sufficient evidence
       to demonstrate defendant was an owner of the dogs. Specifically, the trial court found that
       plaintiffs were required to show that defendant did more than “merely allow the dogs to be
       temporarily” on defendant’s property, such that defendant “maintained any control over the
       dogs or that [defendant] acted as a harborer or custodian of the dogs.”

¶8                                            DECISION
¶9          Plaintiffs contend the trial court erred in granting summary judgment where they
       presented evidence demonstrating that defendant was the statutory owner of the offending
       dogs and was responsible for failing to remove the dogs from the Dan Ryan Woods prior to
       the attacks.
¶ 10        Summary judgment is proper where there are no genuine issues of material fact and the
       moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. 735 ILCS 5/2-1005 (West 2002).
       When reviewing a motion for summary judgment, a court must consider all of the evidence
       strictly against the movant and in a light most favorable to the nonmoving party. General
       Casualty Insurance Co. v. Lacey, 199 Ill. 2d 281, 284, 769 N.E.2d 18 (2002). We review de
       novo a trial court’s decision granting summary judgment. McNamee v. State, 173 Ill. 2d 433,
       438, 672 N.E.2d 1159 (1996).
¶ 11        The Act, at the relevant time, provided:
            “If a dog or other animal, without provocation, attacks or injures any person who is
            peaceably conducting himself in any place where he may lawfully be, the owner of such
            dog or other animal is liable in damages to such person for the full amount of the injury
            sustained.” 510 ILCS 5/16 (West 2002).
       “Owner” was defined as:
            “[A]ny person having a right of property in a dog or other animal, or who keeps or
            harbors a dog or other animal, or who has it in his care, or acts as its custodian, or who
            knowingly permits a dog or other domestic animal to remain on any premises occupied
            by him.” 510 ILCS 5/2.16 (West 2002).
       The statute was amended, effective August 19, 2003, to remove the language “who
       knowingly permits a dog or other domestic animal to remain on any premises occupied by
       him” from the definition of “owner.” Pub. Act 93-548, § 5 (eff. Aug. 19, 2003) (amending


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       510 ILCS 5/2.16 (West 2004)). The statute was amended yet again, effective August 22,
       2005, and redefined “owner” as one “who knowingly permits a dog to remain on any
       premises occupied by him or her.” Pub. Act 94-639 (eff. Aug. 22, 2005) (amending 510
       ILCS 5/2.16 (West 2006)). Whether a defendant is a statutory owner is usually a question of
       fact; however, summary judgment may be found where the undisputed facts show there is
       no genuine issue. Goennenwein v. Rasof, 296 Ill. App. 3d 650, 653, 695 N.E.2d 541 (1998).
¶ 12        The parties only contest the meaning of “owner” within the Act and whether defendant
       met that definition. All other elements of section 2.16 of the Act are undisputed. Plaintiffs
       submit that the Act provides five methods of establishing ownership and that the facts
       demonstrate defendant “knowingly permitted” the pit bulls to remain in the Dan Ryan
       Woods. In contrast, defendant contends that statutory ownership requires evidence
       demonstrating some degree of care, custody, or control, which plaintiffs failed to establish.
¶ 13        While interpreting the definition of ownership under the Act, the supreme court has
       instructed that the statute requires “some measure of care, custody, or control.” Steinberg v.
       Petta, 114 Ill. 2d 496, 501, 501 N.E.2d 1263 (1986). In Steinberg, the supreme court
       specifically analyzed the definition of “harboring or keeping an animal.” However, the Act
       at that time included the language at issue here, i.e., “knowingly permits,” within the
       definition of owner, and the supreme court expressly stated that the facts were not sufficient
       to demonstrate ownership where “[t]he evidence presented at trial established nothing more
       than that the defendant, acting through his agent, permitted the tenants to keep a dog on the
       premises.” Id. at 502. In other words, the supreme court found that “knowingly permitting”
       a dog to be on the premises was not enough to establish ownership; instead, ownership
       required evidence that a dog was under the defendant’s care, custody, or control. Id. The
       appellate court consistently has interpreted ownership in line with Steinberg. Accord
       Goennenwein, 296 Ill. App. 3d at 654; Frost v. Robave, Inc., 296 Ill. App. 3d 528, 533, 694
       N.E.2d 581 (1998) (finding that the statute does not provide three separate categories of
       liability, namely, care, custody, and knowing permission; instead, they are examples of
       keeper or harborer or “at the least, usually would be encompassed within the term ‘keeping’
       or ‘harboring’ ”); Severson v. Ring, 244 Ill. App. 3d 453, 615 N.E.2d 1 (1993); Papesh v.
       Matesevac, 223 Ill. App. 3d 189, 191, 584 N.E.2d 549 (1991); Thompson v. Dawson, 136
       Ill. App. 3d 695, 699, 483 N.E.2d 1072 (1985).
¶ 14        In Goennenwein, the Second District considered whether a defendant who “knowingly
       permits” a dog to be on his property is considered to be an “owner.” Goennenwein, 296 Ill.
       App. 3d at 653. The court concluded that “[m]erely allowing an animal to be temporarily on
       one’s premises does not make the landowner a keeper or harborer of the animal.” Id. In so
       concluding, the court recognized that the primary goal of the Act is to encourage tight control
       of animals for the public’s protection. Id. The court, however, looked at the facts of the case
       because there must be “ ‘a factual and reasonable basis to impose liability.’ ” Id. (quoting
       Meyer v. Naperville Manner, Inc., 262 Ill. App. 3d 141, 148, 634 N.E.2d 411 (1994)).
       Comparing the facts in Goennenwein to those in Severson, where the appellate court ruled
       that allowing a dog to be left tied to a tree in a defendant’s yard did not cause the defendant
       to be considered an owner, the Goennenwein court found the defendant in that case did not
       exercise any custody, care, or control of the dog at issue where the defendant merely allowed

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       the dog to be on his property while the dog’s owner remained present and in control of the
       animal. Id. at 654.
¶ 15       Turning to the evidence presented here, we must determine whether there are questions
       of fact regarding if the attack dogs were more than temporarily on defendant’s land with
       defendant exercising some care, custody, or control over the dogs. Viewing the evidence in
       a light most favorable to plaintiffs, we conclude there are no questions of fact precluding
       summary judgment.
¶ 16       Primarily, we find the evidence fails even to establish that defendant knowingly
       permitted the attack dogs to be on its property. While there was evidence that the pit bull was
       seen as early as November 2002, and was immediately reported to defendant’s park ranger,
       there was no evidence that any of defendant’s employees ever observed the attack dogs in
       the two months between Trice’s report in November 2002 and the attacks on January 12,
       2003. Plaintiffs’ argument, therefore, is that defendant acted as an owner by failing to evict
       the offending dogs from its property once the pit bull’s existence was known in November
       2002. Plaintiff, however, has not provided, nor are we aware of, any authority demonstrating
       that defendant’s knowledge of the existence of an aggressive pit bull established that it
       knowingly permitted the dogs to remain on the property. Rather, the evidence shows that
       defendant prohibited the existence of stray animals and had numerous individuals performing
       regular patrols in an attempt to locate stray animals. In fact, the Cook County animal control
       records demonstrated that three dogs, two of which were pit bulls, were removed from the
       Dan Ryan Woods on June 5, 2002, July 26, 2002, and January 9, 2003. Therefore, unlike the
       defendant in Steinberg, who was an absentee landlord that permitted his tenant to keep a dog
       on the premises (Steinberg, 114 Ill. 2d at 502), the defendant in Goenenwein, who allowed
       her dinner guest’s dog to remain at her home (Goennenwein, 296 Ill. App. 3d at 653) or the
       defendant in Severson, who permitted the owner to leave the dog tied to a tree on the
       defendant’s property (Severson, 244 Ill. App. 3d at 457), our defendant never provided
       authorization for the offending dogs to be in the Dan Ryan Woods.
¶ 17       Moreover, the parties’ experts disputed whether the offending dogs were stray animals
       or the extent to which they “remained” on defendant’s property. Linda Case, plaintiffs’
       expert, approximated that the dogs lived within an area of land owned by multiple entities,
       namely, the City of Chicago, private parties, and defendant for two months prior to the
       attacks. Although Case described the attacks as territorial in nature wherein the dogs were
       defending established territory at that location, Case based some of her argument on the fact
       that a man had been feeding and had provided an igloo shelter for puppies of the mixed-
       breed on the western border of the West Englewood Frick Center, which was located to the
       east of the Major Taylor Trail and was not owned by defendant. In addition, multiple reports
       provided that the dogs entered the location where the attacks occurred from the east, which
       was property owned by the City of Chicago. The offending dogs, therefore, were on
       defendant’s property in a transient capacity.
¶ 18       In addition, plaintiffs’ evidence attempting to establish any level of care, custody, or
       control merely demonstrates that defendant exercised policies and practices to help keep the
       Dan Ryan Woods free from stray animals in general. Similar to the facts in Heyen v. Willis,
       94 Ill. App. 2d 290, 295, 236 N.E.2d 580 (1968), where the defendant landowner that had

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       leased his pasture to a cattle owner was not considered an owner of injurious cattle because
       the Act “requires more than the passive ownership of grazing lands,” the evidence in this
       case does not show that defendant exercised any care, custody, or control over the offending
       dogs. Rather, at most, the evidence demonstrated that Forest Preserve park rangers were
       notified twice, by Mary and Trice, that an aggressive pit bull had been spotted near the Major
       Taylor Trail. Therefore, defendant was no more than a passive owner of the property
       temporarily inhabited by a dog. The Forest Preserve employees exhibited no characteristics
       of having kept or harbored the animal on the property. Frost, 296 Ill. App. 3d at 534, 536-37
       (a keeper is one who “had control over the animal at the time of the injury or immediately
       prior to the injury” and a harborer is one who provided food and shelter on a semi-permanent
       nature). This case is, therefore, distinguishable from Beggs v. Griffith, 393 Ill. App. 3d 1050,
       913 N.E.2d 1230 (2009), where the defendant-landowner exposed the plaintiff to horses he
       permitted in his barn while conducting a property showing. Beggs, 393 Ill. App. 3d at 1056.
       The Beggs defendant had the ability to control the injurious animal at the precise time it
       caused the injury. Id.
¶ 19       In sum, we find that defendant was not an owner of the offending dogs as a matter of law
       and, therefore, summary judgment was proper.

¶ 20                                    CONCLUSION
¶ 21      We affirm the trial court’s order granting summary judgment.

¶ 22      Affirmed.




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