        In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                            No. 17-129C

                                (Filed Under Seal: March 3, 2017)

                          (Reissued for Publication: March 13, 2017)1

*************************************
                                       *
THE CONCOURSE GROUP, LLC,              *
                                       *
                 Plaintiff,            *
                                       *                     Rule 12(b)(6) Motion to
v.                                     *                     Dismiss;     Post-Award      Bid
                                       *                     Protest; Organizational Conflicts
THE UNITED STATES,                     *                     of Interest; Timeliness; Blue &
                                       *                     Gold Fleet.
                 Defendant.            *
and                                    *
                                       *
RER SOLUTIONS, INC.,                   *
                                       *
                 Defendant-Intervenor. *
*************************************

Robert Nichols, Nichols Liu LLP, Washington, D.C., for Plaintiff.

Anthony F. Schiavetti, with whom were Chad A. Readler, Acting Assistant Attorney
General, Robert E. Kirschman, Jr., Director, Douglas K. Mickle, Assistant Director,
Christopher J. Carney, Senior Litigation Counsel, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil
Division, U.S. Department of Justice, as well as Scott N. Flesch, Chief, Bid Protests, and
Major Stephen P. Smith, Trial Attorney, U.S. Department of the Army, Washington, D.C.,
for Defendant.



1
  The Court issued this decision under seal on March 3, 2017, and invited the parties to submit proposed
redactions of any proprietary, confidential, or other protected information on or before March 10, 2017.
Neither party proposed any redactions. Thus, the Court reissues the opinion in full.
Keir X. Bancroft, with whom was J. Scott Hommer, III, Venable, LLP, Washington, D.C.,
for Defendant-Intervenor.

                                    OPINION AND ORDER

WHEELER, Judge.

        In this post-award bid protest, Defendant-Intervenor RER Solutions, Inc. filed a
motion for partial dismissal of Plaintiff Concourse Group LLC’s complaint for failure to
state a claim upon which relief may be granted under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Court of Federal
Claims (“RCFC”). In its complaint, Concourse raises organizational conflict of interest
(“OCI”) claims based on the relationship between the Army and RER’s subcontractor,
Jones Lang LaSalle (“JLL”). RER seeks to dismiss these OCI allegations. It argues that
Concourse has not alleged “hard facts” to support its OCI claims, and, in the alternative,
that Concourse waived these claims by failing to raise them prior to the award of the
contract. On March 1, 2017, this Court granted RER’s motion in a ruling from the bench
in which it agreed that Concourse had waived its OCI claims. On March 3, 2017,
Concourse filed a motion for reconsideration of the Court’s bench ruling. See Dkt. No. 30.
The Court DENIES Concourse’s motion for reconsideration, and sets out the reasons for
the Court’s bench ruling below.

                                            Background2

        On July 15, 2015, the Army issued Solicitation No. W9124J-15-R-0064 seeking
Military Housing Privatization (“MHPI”) support services. Compl. ¶ 16. The solicitation
used the lowest price technically acceptable procurement method, and required that the
contract be awarded to a small business. Id. ¶ 17. JLL, the incumbent contractor (and not
a small business), filed a pre-award bid protest at the Government Accountability Office
(“GAO”) over wording in the solicitation. Id. ¶¶ 2, 20. The Army took corrective action,
rendering the protest moot. Id. ¶ 20. JLL also filed two additional pre-award bid protests
at the GAO concerning the small business limitation. Id. ¶ 23. However, the GAO
dismissed both protests and allowed the procurement to proceed. Id. ¶ 24. After submitting
initial proposals, two small businesses advanced in the procurement: Concourse and RER.
Id. ¶ 19. Both small businesses drew on the support of larger contracting organizations;
Concourse’s team included Alvarez & Marsal (“A&M”), and RER’s team included JLL.
Id. ¶¶ 21–22.

       On July 11, 2016, after the Army closed discussions and requested final proposals,
Concourse filed a pre-award protest at the GAO. Id. ¶¶ 5, 34–35. In its GAO protest,
Concourse alleged that the Army had disregarded the solicitation terms when demanding
that Concourse’s past experiences with MHPI be Army-specific. Id. ¶¶ 36–37. The Army
2
  The Court draws the facts in this Background section from the allegations in Concourse’s Complaint.
For the purposes of RER’s motion for partial dismissal, the Court assumes these allegations to be true.
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took corrective action and modified the solicitation’s terms to ensure that evaluators would
be impartial to the source of MHPI experience. Id. ¶ 38. After the corrective action, the
GAO dismissed the protest as moot. Id. In the end, the Army awarded the contract to
RER, with JLL as its subcontractor. Id. ¶ 39.

       Concourse timely requested a debriefing, which the Army provided on September
24, 2016. Id. ¶ 40. Concourse proceeded to file a post-award bid protest at the GAO on
September 30, 2016. Id. ¶ 41. Concourse alleged four counts: (1) the Army applied
unstated criteria in evaluating past performance; (2) the Army failed to reasonably evaluate
Concourse’s technical subfactors; (3) the Army’s errors led to inadequate and misleading
discussions; and (4) the Army treated RER’s and Concourse’s proposals unequally. Id.
The GAO deferred to the Army’s evaluation and rejected all four arguments in a protected
opinion dated January 6, 2017. Id. ¶ 42.

      On January 30, 2017, Concourse filed its complaint with this Court alleging that the
Army: (1) failed to mitigate OCIs; (2) arbitrarily, irrationally, and disparately evaluated
RER’s technical proposal and violated terms in the solicitation; (3) provided inadequate
and misleading discussions with Concourse; and (4) disparately evaluated Concourse’s and
RER’s proposals. Id. ¶ 64-86.

        Since the GAO issued its opinion, Concourse claims to have discovered two
documents that show evidence of the Army’s and JLL’s close relationship. These
documents allegedly result in three OCIs that should have prevented the Army from
awarding the contract to RER. Id. ¶ 43. The first document is a 2012 Army publication
entitled “A History of the U.S. Army’s Residential Communities Initiative, 1995-2010,”
and the second is Mr. Dean Stefanides’ (an army employee turned government contractor)
current biography on JLL’s website. Id. ¶¶ 44, 45. Concourse alleges that these documents
show three types of OCI that the Army failed to mitigate: (1) biased ground rules, (2)
unequal access to information, and (3) impaired objectivity. Id. ¶ 47.

        On February 9, 2017, RER filed a motion to dismiss all of Concourse’s OCI claims
for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted under RCFC 12(b)(6). Dkt.
No. 18. RER argues first that Concourse’s OCI claims lack “hard facts” needed to survive
a motion to dismiss, and, in the alternative, that Concourse waived all OCI claims by failing
to present them before the Army awarded the contract. Concourse filed a response to
RER’s motion on February 16, 2017. Dkt. No. 21. On February 21, 2017, RER filed its
reply, and the United States also filed a reply in support of RER’s motion. Dkt. Nos. 23,
24. The Court granted RER’s motion from the bench after oral argument on March 1,
2017. Concourse filed its motion for reconsideration on March 3, 2017.




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                                         Discussion

       A.     Standard of Review

        A complaint fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted within the
meaning of RCFC 12(b)(6) “when the facts asserted by the claimant do not entitle him to
a legal remedy.” Briseno v. United States, 83 Fed. Cl. 630, 632 (2008) (citation omitted).
On a RCFC 12(b)(6) motion, the Court must construe allegations in the complaint
favorably to the plaintiff. See Extreme Coatings, Inc. v. United States, 109 Fed. Cl. 450,
453 (2013). In this vein, a plaintiff need only assert “sufficient factual matter, accepted as
true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S.
662, 678 (2009) (citation omitted). A claim is plausible on its face when “the plaintiff
pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the
defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Id. Finally, a plaintiff may not simply
plead “labels and conclusions” or “a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of
action.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007) (citations omitted).

       B.     Concourse Waived its OCI Claims by Not Raising Them Before the Award

        Under the seminal Blue & Gold Fleet case, “A party who has opportunity to object
to the terms of a government solicitation containing a patent error and fails to do so prior
to the close of the bidding process waives its ability to raise the same objection
subsequently in a bid protest action in the Court of Federal Claims.” Blue & Gold Fleet
L.P. v. United States, 492 F. 3d 1308, 1313 (Fed. Cir. 2007). The Federal Circuit adopted
this rule to prevent contractors from “taking advantage of the government and other
bidders” by sitting on their rights during the bidding process, which leads to expensive
post-award litigation. Id. at 1313–14 (quoting Cmty. Heating & Plumbing Co. v. Kelso,
987 F.2d 1575, 1580 (Fed. Cir. 1993)). The waiver rule applies broadly in bid protests to
all situations where the protesting party had the opportunity to raise its claim before the
award of the contract. COMINT Sys. Corp. v. United States, 700 F.3d 1377, 1382 (Fed.
Cir. 2012).

       Logically, the waiver rule also applies where a protester fails to raise OCI claims
before the close of the bidding process. See Commc’n Constr. Servs., Inc. v. United States,
116 Fed. Cl. 233, 264 (2014); CRAssociates, Inc. v. United States, 102 Fed. Cl. 698, 712
(2011), aff’d, 475 F. App’x 341 (Fed. Cir. 2012). For example, in CRAssociates, a bidder
on an Army contract asked the Army to amend its Request for Proposals to mitigate
potential OCIs caused by the Army’s close relationship with the incumbent contractor. 102
Fed. Cl. at 712. When the Army failed to address the bidder’s concerns, the bidder chose
not to pursue its OCI claims further before the contract was awarded. When it raised its
OCI claims in a post-award bid protest in this Court, the Court (Allegra, J.) found that,
“[g]iven its lack of diligence, [the protester] should not be heard to argue now—after the


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award—that the agency erred in failing to amend the RFP to deal with the concerns [it had]
with [the incumbent’s] prior performance.” Id.3

        The situation here is quite similar to that in CRAssociates. As in that case,
Concourse alleges that the Army and the incumbent’s “unusually close” relationship gave
rise to multiple OCI claims. Compl. ¶ 43. Despite JLL’s incumbent status, Concourse also
claims it was unaware of the unusually close relationship until after the contract award.
The Court finds that Concourse knew or should have known of JLL’s role in the MHPI
program well before the contract award. First, the Court finds it unconvincing that
Concourse was ignorant of or unable to access the two public documents it references in
its complaint before the contract award (both of which were highly relevant to the MHPI
program). Second, JLL filed three separate pre-award protests at the GAO before the
contract award, thereby publically displaying its interest in the procurement and putting
Concourse on notice of its possible involvement. Id. ¶¶ 20, 23. Finally, and most tellingly,
Concourse admits in its Complaint that it was aware of JLL’s direct participation with RER
prior to the contract award and still did not raise an OCI claim in its pre-award protest at
the GAO. See id. ¶ 37 (“Concourse contended [at the GAO] that this vague Solicitation
language and the Army’s desire for Army experience was tipping the competition in favor
of the small business backed by the incumbent JLL.”).

       In sum, both the public documents and JLL’s interest in the procurement were
“easily recognizable or obvious” facts that make them subject to the Blue & Gold patent
ambiguity test. Infrastructure Def. Techs., LLC v. United States, 81 Fed. Cl. 375, 389
(2008). Therefore, Concourse failed to timely raise its OCI claims prior to the award of
the contract despite the opportunity to do so and its easy access to the knowledge upon
which it now relies. As a result, Concourse’s OCI claims are waived.4

                                               Conclusion

       The Court finds that Plaintiff has waived its OCI claims. Therefore, Defendant-
Intervenor’s motion for partial dismissal is GRANTED. Count I of Plaintiff’s Complaint
is dismissed. Furthermore, because Plaintiff’s OCI claims are dismissed, Plaintiff’s motion
to supplement the administrative record with respect to those OCI claims (Dkt. No. 27) is
3
   Concourse argues in its motion for reconsideration that “Count I does not stand on the existence of the
OCIs itself, but rather on the Army’s failure to identify and evaluate the OCIs and avoid, neutralize, or
mitigate them.” Mot. for Recon. at 2, Dkt. No. 30. Under this logic, Concourse only knew about the
Army’s failure to mitigate the OCIs when the Army awarded the contract to RER. Id. This is not the law.
If it were, then protesters like CRAssociates could simply sit on their rights until they knew whether or not
they had won the contract. See CRAssociates, 102 Fed. Cl. at 712 (“[A] contractor should not be allowed
to protest an agency’s failure to identify and mitigate an OCI when the contractor knew about the alleged
OCI from the start, but failed to assert it, via protest, prior to the award.”).
4
  Because the Court finds that Concourse has waived its OCI claims, the Court need not reach the additional
issue of whether Concourse has alleged hard facts sufficient to support those claims.
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DENIED as moot. Plaintiff’s motion for reconsideration of the Court’s bench ruling is also
DENIED.

      IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                                s/Thomas C. Wheeler
                                                THOMAS C. WHEELER
                                                Judge




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