                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JUN 1 2018
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

S. P., a minor, by and through her Guardian     No.    16-56549
Ad Litem, Nefali Palacios,
                                                D.C. No.
                Plaintiff-Appellant,            2:15-cv-09248-JAK-PJW

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
EAST WHITTIER CITY SCHOOL
DISTRICT,

                Defendant-Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Central District of California
                   John A. Kronstadt, District Judge, Presiding

                       Argued and Submitted March 5, 2018
                              Pasadena, California

Before: N.R. SMITH** and NGUYEN, Circuit Judges, and SETTLE,*** District
Judge.


      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
              This case was submitted to a panel that included Judge Reinhardt.
Following Judge Reinhardt’s passing, Judge N.R. Smith was drawn by lot to
replace him. Ninth Circuit General Order 3.2.h. Judge N.R. Smith has read the
briefs, reviewed the record, and listened to oral argument.
      ***
            The Honorable Benjamin H. Settle, United States District Judge for
the Western District of Washington, sitting by designation.
      S.P., a minor, appeals, through her mother Nefali Palacios, the district

court’s denial of her request to vacate an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”)

decision finding that the East Whittier City School District (“the District”) did not

violate her rights under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (“IDEA”),

20 U.S.C. § 1400 et seq. “We review de novo the district court’s decision that the

school district complied with the IDEA.” K.D. v. Dep’t of Educ., 665 F.3d 1110,

1117 (9th Cir. 2011). First, we ask if “the State complied with the procedures” set

out in the IDEA. Bd. of Educ. v. Rowley, 458 U.S. 176, 206 (1982). Second, we

ask if the State has met the substantive requirements of providing the student with

a free appropriate public education (“FAPE”). See id. at 206—207. We reverse

and remand for further proceedings.

      1. The IDEA requires that a student’s Individualized Education Plan

(“IEP”) “determine whether a child is a child with a disability” and “determine the

educational needs of such child.” 20 U.S.C. § 1414(a)(1)(C)(i). The District

violated the IDEA by tying S.P.’s eligibility for special education services to only

her speech and language disorder and not also to her hearing impairment. The

District classified S.P. as a student eligible for special education services because

of “[h]earing loss which results in a language or speech disorder and significantly

affects educational performance.” California Education Code § 56333(e). It went

on to conclude that S.P. did not meet the eligibility requirement for hearing



                                           2
impairment because the District’s evaluations “did not identify that S.P.[’s]

permanent hearing loss impairs her ability to process information through her

hearing aids.” But this is the federal definition of deafness, not hearing

impairment. See 34 C.F.R. § 300.8(c)(3) (“Deafness means a hearing impairment

that is so severe that the child is impaired in processing linguistic information

through hearing, with or without amplification, that adversely affects a child’s

educational performance.”). To be classified as having a hearing impairment

disability, a child need only have “an impairment in hearing, whether permanent or

fluctuating, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.” Id. §

300.8(c)(5). Because, per the District’s own evaluations, S.P.’s “[h]earing loss . . .

results in a language or speech disorder and significantly affects [her] educational

performance,” Cal. Educ. Code § 56333(e), S.P. is also a child with a disability due

to hearing impairment under federal law. See 34 C.F.R. § 300.8(c)(5).

      The district court found that any possible classification error would have

been harmless because the District otherwise provided S.P. with a FAPE. While it

is true that “[t]he IDEA concerns itself not with labels, but with whether a student

is receiving a [FAPE],” see E.M. ex rel. E.M. v. Pajaro Valley Unified Sch. Dist.,

758 F.3d 1162, 1173 (9th Cir. 2014) (quoting Heather S. v. Wisconsin, 125 F.3d

1045, 1055 (7th Cir. 1997)), the classification error was not harmless. “[I]n the

case of a child who is deaf or hard of hearing,” the IEP team must “consider the



                                          3
child’s language and communication needs, opportunities for direct

communications with peers and professional personnel in the child’s language and

communication mode, academic level, and full range of needs.” 20 U.S.C. §

1414(d)(3)(B)(iv). Having improperly determined that S.P. does not have a

hearing impairment disability, the District considered only goals and programs that

would address S.P.’s speech and language delay. “[W]ithout evaluative

information” regarding S.P.’s hearing impairment, “it was not possible for the IEP

team to develop a plan reasonably calculated to provide [her] with a meaningful

educational benefit.” N.B. v. Hellgate Elementary Sch. Dist., 541 F.3d 1202, 1210

(9th Cir. 2008).

      2. The IDEA also requires the District to ensure that its students are

“assessed in all areas of suspected disability.” 20 U.S.C. § 1414(b)(3)(B).

“Anything less would not provide a complete picture of the child’s needs.”

Timothy O. v. Paso Robles Unified Sch. Dist., 822 F.3d 1105, 1111 (9th Cir. 2016).

While members of the IEP team were familiar with S.P.’s degree of hearing loss,

the assessments were heavily focused on her speech and language disability.

While the District was entitled to consider “evaluations and information provided

by [S.P.’s] parents,” including the audiogram conducted by Palacios, an

independent obligation remained to conduct a full initial evaluation of S.P. in all

areas of suspect disability. 34 C.F.R. §§ 300.305(a)(1)(i), 300.304(b)(1). The



                                          4
District’s “auditory skills assessment” of S.P. consisted of only “observation and

review of records.” Such limited review was insufficient to satisfy the District’s

evaluative obligation. See Timothy O., 822 F.3d at 1119 (noting that “[s]chool

districts cannot circumvent” their assessment obligations “by way of informal

observations”).

      Because the District violated S.P.’s procedural rights under the IDEA and

denied her a FAPE, we reverse. We remand to the district court to determine the

appropriate remedy.

      REVERSED AND REMANDED.




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