[Cite as State v. Williams, 2014-Ohio-971.]


STATE OF OHIO                     )                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                  )ss:               NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF LORAIN                  )

STATE OF OHIO                                        C.A. No.      12CA010298

        Appellee

        v.                                           APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                     ENTERED IN THE
BRET A. WILLIAMS                                     OBERLIN MUNICIPAL COURT
                                                     COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO
        Appellant                                    CASE No.   12CRB00863

                                  DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: March 17, 2014



        HENSAL, Judge.

        {¶1}     Bret Williams appeals a judgment of the Oberlin Municipal Court convicting him

of domestic violence. For the following reasons, this Court affirms.

                                                I.

        {¶2}     On August 14, 2012, Mr. Williams and his wife attended a hearing for their

divorce proceeding. After the hearing, Wife returned to their house to gather some belongings.

As she drove home and collected her things, she talked to her friend Lori Graham on her cell

phone. Wife testified that she was nervous about returning to the house because she thought that

Mr. Williams might return to it as well after the hearing. She also thought that Mr. Williams

would be angry because he had been unable to get a restraining order against her at the hearing.

        {¶3}     As Wife anticipated, after the hearing, Mr. Williams also drove to the house.

Along the way, however, he stopped and picked up a friend who lived nearby, Robert Bene.
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When Mr. Williams arrived at the house, he parked his truck in front of a detached garage that is

opposite from the attached garage where Wife had parked.

       {¶4}    According to Mr. Bene, Mr. Williams told him that he had to get some stuff from

the house, so he got out of the car while Mr. Bene stayed in the truck. As Mr. Williams was

walking to the door of the house that is inside the attached garage, Wife opened the door to go

back out to her car. Wife testified that, when Mr. Williams saw her, he started mocking her. As

she scooted around him, he started yelling at her, demanding to know where his van was. She

got into the car and locked it as he continued yelling at her. Wife testified that Mr. Williams

followed her and punched the driver’s window. He held his fingers up to the window “flipping

[her] off,” made other vulgar gestures, and told her that he was going to “F [her] up” and “F [her]

in [her] A.” Wife testified that she related some of what was happening to Ms. Graham, but

could not recall exactly what she said over the phone.

       {¶5}    According to Wife, after Mr. Williams left the side of her car, he walked to the

door to the house. As he reached it, he turned around and extended his arm at her like he had a

gun, saying: “Bang, bang” and “I’m going to F’ing shoot you. You’re F’ing dead.” Wife

testified that his threatening conduct upset and frightened her, so she backed the car out of the

garage. Once she had finished backing out, however, she cracked the window to the car and told

Mr. Williams: “That’s a death threat. You’re done. That’s a death threat.” She ended her call

with Ms. Graham and called the sheriff’s department.

       {¶6}    Wife testified that, although she was scared, she did not drive away immediately

because the last time she had called the sheriff’s department, she was scolded for leaving the

scene. She knew that Mr. Williams owns a gun, however, and thought that it might be in his

truck, so she decided that she would leave if he started coming towards her. The sheriff’s
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department, however, told her that she could leave, so she proceeded to the Wellington police

station.

           {¶7}   Ms. Graham testified that she was talking to Wife on the phone when suddenly it

seemed like Wife was talking to somebody else. She said that Wife told the other person to

“[g]et away from me,” so she asked if Mr. Williams was there. Wife confirmed that he was. Ms.

Graham testified that Wife began speaking in broken sentences and that she could tell Wife was

very scared. Wife’s phone became muffled, however, so she could no longer hear much,

including anything that Mr. Williams might have said to Wife. Ms. Graham told Wife that, if

she felt threatened, she should call 9-1-1, and that she was going to do the same. She, therefore,

ended the call and called the sheriff’s department. She was describing the incident to the

sheriff’s department when she learned that Wife had also called the sheriff’s department.

           {¶8}   According to Mr. Bene, when Mr. Williams pulled into the driveway, he saw

Wife’s car in the attached garage, indicating she was there. He said Mr. Williams got out of the

truck and began walking toward the house. When Mr. Bene heard Wife’s voice, he got nosy and

started watching what was going on behind him through the truck’s passenger-side mirror. He

had the window open and could hear Mr. Williams ask Wife where his van was. He testified that

Wife ignored Mr. Williams’s question and got into her car. According to Mr. Bene, he could see

at least half of Wife’s car and saw that the driver’s window of the car was open. He heard Mr.

Williams ask about his van again, and heard muffled noises coming from inside the car. He also

observed Wife’s hands go up at one point as if she had been stung by a bee. Mr. Bene testified

that he did not hear Mr. Williams make any other statements to Wife or see him make any

inappropriate or threatening gestures at Wife.
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       {¶9}    Wife filed a complaint against Mr. Williams accusing him of domestic violence

under Revised Code Section 2919.25(C). Following a trial to the bench, a municipal court judge

found him guilty of the offense. Mr. Williams has appealed, assigning two errors.

                                                II.

                                  ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

       THE GUILTY VERDICT FOR DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IS AGAINST THE
       SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE IN VIOLATION OF MR. WILLIAMS’S
       RIGHTS UNDER THE FIFTH, SIXTH, AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS
       TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION, AND ARTICLE 1, SECTION 10
       OF THE OHIO STATE CONSTITUTION.

       {¶10} Mr. Williams argues that the State did not present sufficient evidence that Wife

believed that she was under threat of imminent physical harm.          Whether a conviction is

supported by sufficient evidence is a question of law, which we review de novo. State v.

Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386 (1997). In making this determination, we must view the

evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution:

       An appellate court’s function when reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to
       support a criminal conviction is to examine the evidence admitted at trial to
       determine whether such evidence, if believed, would convince the average mind
       of the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The relevant inquiry is
       whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution,
       any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime
       proven beyond a reasonable doubt.

State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259 (1991), paragraph two of the syllabus.

       {¶11} Under Section 2919.25(C), “[n]o person, by threat of force, shall knowingly cause

a family or household member to believe that the offender will cause imminent physical harm to

the family or household member.” With respect to whether Wife believed that Mr. Williams

would cause her imminent physical harm, Wife testified that, when Mr. Williams punched the

window of the car, “I started thinking he could break them if he wanted to, he’s not little, and I
                                                 5


was scared.” She also testified that she “believed him when he told me he was going to * * * F

me up, and all that hideous stuff, * * * I was in definite fear and I 100 percent believed him.”

According to Wife, she continued to be in fear after he threatened to kill her because he owns a

gun and she did not know its location. She testified that she had difficulty responding to the

threats because Mr. Williams’s actions caused her to feel “shocked” and “frozen.”

       {¶12} Mr. Williams argues that Wife’s conscious decision to roll down her window and

taunt him with her “[y]ou’re done” statement and her decision to stay in the driveway while she

called the sheriff’s department demonstrates that she did not believe his alleged threats. His

arguments, however, go to Wife’s credibility and the weight of the evidence, not its sufficiency.

Viewing Wife’s testimony in a light most favorable to the prosecution, we conclude that it

presented sufficient evidence that Wife believed Mr. Williams would cause her imminent

physical harm. Mr. Williams’s first assignment of error is overruled.

                                  ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II

       THE GUILTY VERDICT IS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE
       EVIDENCE IN VIOLATION OF MR. WILLIAMS’S RIGHTS UNDER THE
       FIFTH, SIXTH, AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED
       STATES CONSTITUTION, AND ARTICLE 1, SECTION 10 OF THE OHIO
       STATE CONSTITUTION.

       {¶13} Mr. Williams also argues that his conviction is against the manifest weight of the

evidence. If a defendant asserts that his convictions are against the manifest weight of the

evidence:

       [A]n appellate court must review the entire record, weigh the evidence and all
       reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of witnesses and determine
       whether, in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact clearly lost its way
       and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be
       reversed and a new trial ordered.

State v. Otten, 33 Ohio App.3d 339, 340 (9th Dist.1986).
                                                 6


       {¶14} In addition to his previous arguments regarding Wife’s credibility, Mr. Williams

argues that her allegations were contradicted by Ms. Graham and Mr. Bene. He notes that, while

Wife testified that he yelled at her, neither Ms. Graham nor Mr. Bene heard him yell. He also

notes that Ms. Graham testified that, when she and Wife were discussing the incident later on the

day it happened, Wife speculated that the reason Ms. Graham had not heard Mr. Williams was

because he “was speaking lightly.” Mr. Williams also notes that Mr. Bene testified that he had a

good view of the incident and never saw him make any threatening gestures at Wife.

       {¶15} Mr. Williams argues that Wife also had good reason to embellish the facts. He

notes that Wife testified that, during the domestic relations hearing, the court had told them that

they could both live at their house so long as “things were civil.” By the end of the day, she had

filed criminal charges against him.

       {¶16} The trial judge found Wife’s testimony credible. With respect to Mr. Bene’s

testimony, it found that it was unclear exactly how much he could see through the reflection in

the side mirror and whether he had been able to see the front, back, or side of Mr. Williams. It

also noted that Wife’s conduct caused Ms. Graham to be so concerned about Wife’s safety that

she called the sheriff’s department. It concluded that, even if Mr. Williams did not literally

intend to slit Wife’s throat or shoot her, his statements and gestures were sufficient to put Wife in

imminent concern for her physical well-being.

       {¶17} This Court has recognized that “the trier of fact ‘is best able to view witnesses and

observe their demeanor, gestures and voice inflections, and use these observations in weighing

the credibility of the proffered testimony.’” State v. Maynard, 9th Dist. Wayne No. 12CA0026,

2013-Ohio-2796, ¶ 23, quoting State v. Cook, 9th Dist. Summit No. 21185, 2003-Ohio-727, ¶ 30.
                                                 7


In addition, the trial judge “was entitled to believe all, part, or none of the testimony of each

witness.” State v. Howse, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 12CA010251, 2012-Ohio-6106, ¶ 45.

       {¶18} As the municipal court noted, Mr. Bene did not provide much detail with respect

to what side of Mr. Williams he could see when Mr. Williams was standing near the window of

the car. If it was the back or side then he may not have been able to see any gestures Mr.

Williams made or hear what Mr. Williams said to Wife. Ms. Graham was also apparently so

alarmed by what she was able to discern over the phone that she ended the call to immediately

contact the sheriff’s department.

       {¶19} Upon review of the record, we cannot say that the trial judge lost his way when he

found Mr. Williams guilty of domestic violence. Mr. Williams’s second assignment of error is

overruled.

                                                III.

       {¶20} Mr. Williams’s conviction was supported by sufficient evidence and is not against

the manifest weight of the evidence. The judgment of the Oberlin Municipal Court is affirmed.

                                                                             Judgment affirmed.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Oberlin Municipal

Court, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
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instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellant.




                                                     JENNIFER HENSAL
                                                     FOR THE COURT



MOORE, P. J.
CONCURS.

CARR, J.
DISSENTING.

       {¶21} I respectfully dissent, because I believe that Williams’ conviction for domestic

violence was against the manifest weight of the evidence.

       {¶22} I would conclude that the greater amount of credible evidence tends to support

Williams’ version of the events. See State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387 (1997). As I

disagree with the trial court’s resolution of the conflicting testimony, I believe that Williams’

conviction is against the manifest weight of the evidence. Id.

       {¶23} At trial, Wife testified that Williams screamed at her and banged on her car’s

windows as she was on a cell phone call with a friend. However, Wife’s friend testified that she

did not hear any threats or any other sounds indicating screaming or banging. The friend

testified that Wife later tried to explain to her that she might not have heard Williams’ threats

because he “was whispering.” It is unreasonable to believe that a person can be screaming and

whispering at the same time.
                                               9


       {¶24} In addition, Williams’ friend (Mr. Bene) was sitting in Williams’ truck parked on

the premises near the alleged incident. The truck’s windows were open and Mr. Bene’s attention

was drawn to the parties’ interaction out of curiosity. Mr. Bene watched through a side mirror of

the truck and testified that he did not hear Williams say anything to Wife beyond two inquiries

about Williams’ van, and he did not see Williams make any threatening gestures towards Wife.

Mr. Bene also testified that Wife’s driver’s side window was open as the two talked.

       {¶25} Furthermore, notwithstanding Wife’s testimony that she was afraid that Williams

would harm her and that she knew he had a gun and thought it might be in his truck, Wife did not

flee the scene. Instead, she remained on the premises and verbally taunted Williams through her

open window, informing him that he was “done.” There are significant inconsistencies in Wife’s

description of the incident, for example, that Williams was screaming and only whispering; and

that she was afraid that he might shoot her with a gun she believed he had in his truck although

she remained on the scene with her window down as she taunted him. Moreover, Wife needed

only to continue to share the marital home with Williams so long as their relationship remained

civil. Although Wife accused Williams of making a death threat and informed him that he was

“done,” neither witness heard Williams make any threats to Wife. In addition, despite his

focused observations, Mr. Bene did not see Williams make any threatening gestures to Wife.

Under these circumstances, I would conclude that the trial court’s finding that Wife

demonstrated that she was in fear of imminent physical harm was against the manifest weight of

the evidence. I would sustain Williams’ second assignment of error.


APPEARANCES:

PAUL GRIFFIN, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

MICHELLE D. NEDWICK, Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.
