J-S63020-17


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

STEPHEN J. BYERS                                IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                      PENNSYLVANIA
                         Appellee

                    v.

ERNEST E. LIGGETT AND
MARILYN KOSTIK LIGGETT

                         Appellants                   No. 56 WDA 2017


          Appeal from the Judgment Entered December 14, 2016
            In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
                   Civil Division at No(s): GD-09-013539

BEFORE: BOWES, J., SOLANO, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY SOLANO, J.:                       FILED DECEMBER 26, 2017

      Appellants Ernest E. Liggett and Marilyn Kostick Liggett appeal pro se

from the December 14, 2016, order of the Court of Common Pleas of

Allegheny County setting the fair market value of property sold at a sheriff’s

sale and entering a deficiency judgment. We affirm.

      By our count, this is the seventh time this case has been before this

Court on appeal. For the sixth appeal, this Court set forth the relevant facts

and procedural history as follows:

      In the fall of 2006, the Liggetts obtained short-term loans from
      [Stephen] Byers, along with an agreement to purchase
      additional parcels of real property located in Brownsville, Fayette
      County for use in real estate development. When the Liggetts
      failed to repay the loans or purchase the additional property, the
      parties entered into a settlement agreement in the Court of
      Common Pleas of Fayette County that required the Liggetts to
      either pay Byers a specified sum of money within 45 days or
      have judgment entered against them. When the Liggetts did not
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       pay the money within the agreed upon timeframe, Byers entered
       judgment against them in Fayette County for $145,[5]00.00.[1]

       In July 2009, Byers transferred the judgment to Allegheny
       County, and issued a Writ of Execution for the sale of personalty
       and realty located at 43 Brownstone Road, Pittsburgh,
       Pennsylvania 15235 [(“the Property”)].       Over the following
       years, the Liggetts filed various motions to stay or obviate the
       proceedings, all of which have been denied by the trial court and
       affirmed by this Court.

Byers v. Liggett, No. 361 WDA 2015, at 2-3 (Pa. Super., Apr. 29, 2016);

see also Docket from Fayette County Prothonotary for Civil Case No. 2007-

01616.

       On October 1, 2012, Ernest E. Liggett filed a “Suggestion of

Bankruptcy” with the trial court, indicating that he had initiated bankruptcy

proceedings and was subject to an automatic stay of legal proceedings

against him pursuant to Section 362 of the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C.

§ 362.    The stay was lifted on June 26, 2013.      On November 1, 2013,

Marilyn Kostick Liggett filed for bankruptcy and also claimed to be subject to

an automatic stay. The record is unclear as to when the stay was lifted in

Ms. Liggett’s bankruptcy action, but the Liggetts do not allege that this

appeal is affected by a stay.2


____________________________________________
1
  The underlying judgment was entered by stipulation in 2008.       Byers v.
Liggett, No. 229 WDA 2012, at 3 (Pa. Super., Nov. 15, 2013).
2
  In Byers’ petition for a deficiency judgment, he states that the Western
District of Pennsylvania Bankruptcy Court ordered relief from the stay on
February 7, 2014, but Byers’ petition does not provide any citation for this
date. Pet. to Fix Fair Market Value of Real Prop. Sold at Sheriff’s Sale & for
Deficiency J., 12/2/14, at 4 ¶ 12.

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        Ultimately, the Liggetts’ Property was sold at a sheriff’s sale, and

Byers was the successful bidder. However, there was a delay in filing the

deed due to a dispute over realty transfer taxes and the legal effect of

pending appeals filed by the Liggetts.           Once the pending appeals were

resolved, the Liggetts moved to compel Byers to mark the judgment

satisfied. Instead, on December 2, 2014, Byers petitioned to determine the

fair market value of the Property so that he could then recover a deficiency

judgment.

        On February 5, 2015, the trial court declared the judgment satisfied

because it believed Byers had waited more than six months after the

sheriff’s sale to petition for the deficiency judgment.3 Byers appealed that

decision, and we reversed, explaining that the six-month period did not

commence until the sheriff’s deed was delivered to Byers and that the trial

court needed to have a hearing to determine that date. On remand, the trial

court found that the deed was delivered to Byers on June 25, 2015.

Therefore, Byers’ earlier, December 2, 2014 petition to establish a deficiency

____________________________________________
3
    Section 5522(b) of the Judicial Code provides:

        The following actions and proceedings must be commenced
        within six months: . . .

           (2) A petition for the establishment of a deficiency
           judgment following execution and delivery of the sheriff’s
           deed for the property sold in connection with the execution
           proceedings referenced in the provisions of section
           8103(a) (relating to deficiency judgments).

42 Pa. C.S. § 5522(b).

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judgment was not filed later than permitted under the statute.

      In response, the Liggetts then argued to the trial court that Byers’

petition for a deficiency judgment was untimely because it was filed too

early. They contended that the Deficiency Judgment Act required Byers to

file his petition within six months after receiving the sheriff’s deed, and not

earlier. Liggetts’ Br. in Opp’n to Byers’ Dec. 2, 2014 Pet. to Fix Fair Market

Value & for Deficiency J. and in Supp. of Liggetts’ Mot. for Decl. Byers’ J. is

Satisfied, Released & Discharged, 7/25/16, at 8.

      On August 4, 2016, Byers filed a supplement to his petition for a

deficiency judgment and attached information regarding a complaint in

mortgage foreclosure that had been filed against the Property.             The

foreclosure was on the first mortgage on the Property, and the amount due

on the mortgage was $147,286.24. The Liggetts opposed Byers’ filing of the

supplement. Resp. in Opp’n to Byers’ Pet. & Suppl. to Fix Fair Market Value

& for Deficiency J. & New Matter, 12/9/16, at 1.

      On December 13, 2016, the trial court held a hearing to determine the

amount of the deficiency judgment.       Byers was the sole witness at the

hearing; the Liggetts presented no evidence regarding calculation of the

deficiency judgment or the fair market value of the Property.

      Byers testified that “the value of the judgment to date of the sale was

$198,411.” N.T., 12/13/16, at 11-12. He explained that he calculated this

amount by beginning with the original judgment of $145,500, and then:



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      I took a judgment interest rate of 6 percent and applied that
      annually, so the following year the judgment and interest
      increased to $154,230. The beginning of year three would be
      another 6 percent, making it $163,483. And then we go to the
      end of year three, the beginning of year four, and you have
      another 6 percent, $173,292. And then to August 2012, which
      was the end of year four, beginning of year five, $183,690. And
      then November 4 of 2012, we received a distribution check from
      the liquidation of some properties of Mr. Liggett for $7,774.13.
      . . . Then I deduct[ed] that amount. And then for that year’s
      interest, there are two calculations. There’s one up to the date
      of the check then there’s another one from the date of the check
      to the end of the year. And so there were two amounts
      calculated, which then added to the principal, the remaining
      came to $186,603. . . . [I]n 2013, there were several sheriff’s
      sale efforts that resulted in costs. And they’re added in as
      $1,616 and then another $1,600. And then that totaled the writ
      of execution that we were issued August 5, 2013, of
      $191,419.63. [He was required to pay for a writ of execution
      twice, paying $1,600 each time.] . . . Then, in August the sheriff
      added to the writ another amount of $1,616 and used that as
      part of the cost calculation in the writ. . . . [T]here’s an
      additional interest of $5,375. And that becomes the total value
      of the judgment on the date of the sale of $198,411.06.

Id. at 12-14 (some formatting altered).

      Byers also testified as to the fair market value of the Property, stating

that he had “determined it to be, just following some public records, to be

$215,000, and that was from a broker’s price opinion that was filed by the

mortgage company.” N.T., 12/13/16, at 15. The broker’s price opinion was

dated December 20, 2012.      Id. at 29.   Byers explained that the Property

had two mortgages — a first mortgage that “filed a foreclosure” that “had a

value of $147,286.24,” and a second mortgage for $25,399 plus an

additional $500 in settlement costs. Id. at 17, 19. Byers clarified that in his

first submission to the trial court in 2014, he listed the value of the first


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mortgage at $105,999, based upon a bankruptcy petition filed by the

Liggetts, but he later realized that this figure was merely the principal of the

debt. Id. at 37.

       By an order dated December 17, 2016, the trial court entered a

deficiency judgment in the amount of $137,083.67. The court attached the

following calculations to its decision:

       Judgment Amount 1/6/2014                     $198,411.06

       Less:
               Home value         $236,500.00[4]
               2nd mortgage         (25,899.00)
               1st mortgage       (124,793.17)[5]
                                     85,807.83      ( 85,807.83)
               Judgment                             112,603.23

       Interest 1/7/2014-1/7/2015                      6,756.19
       Interest 1/7/2015-1/7/2016                      6,756.19
       Interest 1/7/2[01]6-12/14/2016                  6,330.46
       Transfer Cost                                   4,637.60
                                                    $137,083.67

____________________________________________
4
  The trial court said that it compensated for the difference between the
$215,000 value of the Property as of the date of the broker’s price opinion
and the value of the Property as of the date of the sheriff’s sale by adjusting
the value upward to $236,500 to account for the fifteen months between the
valuation and the sheriff sale. Trial Ct. Op., 3/10/17, at 6.
5
  The trial court stated that it determined this amount “by extrapolating from
the [Liggetts’] 2012 bankruptcy and 2015 mortgage foreclosure
proceedings,” and provided the following calculation:

           $ 82,804.94      Principal
             18,343.20      Interest 8/1/2011-1/16/2014
              1,091.93      Late charges
             22,553.10      Escrow Deficit
           $124,793.17

Trial Ct. Op., 3/10/17, at 6-7.

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Order, 12/14/16, “Calculations” (some formatting altered). The Liggetts did

not file a post-trial motion contesting this amount.

      On January 9, 2017, the Liggetts filed a timely notice of appeal, and

their brief presents the following issues for our review:

      Question 1:        Did the Trial Court err as a matter of law in its
      interpretation of the Deficiency Judgment Act 42 Pa.C.S.A.
      § 8103 and 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 5522(b)(2) for subject matter
      jurisdiction to procedurally address and issue an Order pursuant
      to the merits of issues presented in [Byers’] premature Petition
      To Fix Fair Market Value Of Real Property Sold At Sheriff’s Sale
      And For Deficiency Judgment of December 2, 2014?

      Question 2:        Did the Trial Court err as a matter of law by
      failing to grant [the Liggetts’] challenge of [Byers’] August 4,
      2016 Supplement to Petition To Fix Fair Market Value Of Real
      Property Sold At Sheriff’s Sale And For Deficiency Judgment as a
      legal “nullity” over which the Trial Court has no jurisdiction to
      procedurally address the merits of the issues presented therein?

      Question 3:       Did the Trial Court err in determining the fair
      market value of [the Property]?

Liggetts’ Brief at 1-2 (suggested answers omitted).

      The Liggetts’ issues all arise under the Deficiency Judgment Act, 42 Pa.

C.S. § 8103.   We summarized application of that statute in Devon Serv.,

LLC v. S & T Realty, 171 A.3d 287 (Pa. Super. 2017), as follows:

      The Deficiency Judgment Act applies whenever real property of
      the debtor has been sold in execution to the judgment creditor
      for a sum less than the amount of the judgment, interest and
      costs.    Under the Deficiency Judgment Act, the creditor’s
      judgment against the debtor is reduced by the fair market value
      of the property purchased by the creditor rather than by the
      actual sale price of the property. The objective of the Deficiency
      Judgment Act is to relieve a debtor from further personal liability
      to the judgment creditor when the real property taken by the
      judgment creditor on an execution has a fair market value on


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       the date of sale sufficient so that the judgment creditor can
       dispose of the property to others without a further loss.

Id. at 291 (quoting Horbal v. Moxham Nat’l Bank, 697 A.2d 577, 581-82

(Pa. 1997)).

       The Liggetts’ first issue asserts that Byers’ petition for a deficiency

judgment should have been dismissed with prejudice, because it was

prematurely filed before the commencement of the six-month statute of

limitations.6 Their second issue is a variant of the first: they contend that,

because Byers’ petition was premature, it was a “nullity” and Byers should

not have been permitted to supplement it with his August 4, 2016, filing

providing mortgage information. The Liggetts’ third issue presents various

complaints about the way the deficiency judgment was calculated:            that

compound interest improperly was included in the judgment amount; that

the Property was valued using a 2012 broker’s price, rather than a price as

of the date of the sheriff’s sale; that Byers’ evidence of the amount of the

first mortgage also was as of an incorrect date7; and that the trial court

erroneously calculated interest between the date of the sheriff’s sale and the

date of the deficiency judgment order.
____________________________________________
6
   The statute states that a deficiency judgment action “must be
commenced within six months . . . following execution and delivery of the
sheriff’s deed.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 5522(b)(2) (emphasis added). Thus, six
months after delivery of the deed is the last possible date to file the petition.
Here, although Byers prematurely filed his petition, he did not exceed the
time required by Section 5522(b)(2).
7
 As the trial court explained, it did not blindly accept the figures presented
by Byers on this issue, but instead did its own extrapolation. See Trial Ct.
Op., 3/10/17, at 6-7.

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      We hold that all of these issues were waived by the Liggetts’ failure to

file post-trial motions. This Court recently addressed the requirement to file

post-trial motions in a deficiency judgment case in Devon:

      [P]etitions to fix the fair market value and accompanying
      deficiency judgments are governed by Pa.R.C.P. 3281–3285.
      Specifically, Pa.R.C.P. 3285 provides that a trial to fix fair value
      shall be conducted pursuant to Pa.R.C.P. 1038, Trial Without
      Jury. The general rules applying to petitions do not apply to
      petitions to fix fair market value. See Pa.R.C.P. 3285, Note.
      Rule 1038 provides that for post-trial relief, a party must file a
      motion pursuant to Pa.R.C.P. 227.1. See Pa.R.C.P. 1038, Note.
      Post-trial motions must be filed within ten days after verdict.
      See Pa.R.C.P. 227.1(c)(1). Accordingly, to preserve issues
      for appeal, a timely post-trial motion must be filed. See
      Pa.R.C.P. 1038; see also Pa.R.C.P. 227.1. Appellants did not do
      so. “Grounds not specified by a party in post-trial motions
      pursuant to Rule 227.1 shall be deemed waived on appellate
      review.” Chalkey v. Roush, 569 Pa. 462, 467, 805 A.2d 491,
      494 (2002) (citations and footnote omitted).

171 A.3d at 292-93 (footnote omitted; emphasis added).             Here, as in

Devon, the Liggetts never filed a timely post-trial motion preserving their

claims regarding the deficiency judgment.       They thus waived all of those

claims.   See Pa.R.C.P. 227.1(c)(1), 1038; Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“Issues not

raised in the lower court are waived and cannot be raised for the first time

on appeal”); Devon, 171 A.3d at 292-93.            This includes the Liggetts’

challenges to the date of Byers’ filing, the judgment amount as of the date

of the sheriff’s sale, the use of the broker’s price opinion, and the values of

the first mortgage and the interest after the sheriff’s sale.

      Judgment affirmed.




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Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 12/26/2017




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