                      NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
  UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                  AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.




                                     IN THE
              ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
                                 DIVISION ONE


                              MARK M., Appellant,

                                         v.

            DEPARTMENT OF CHILD SAFETY, A.M., Appellees.

                              No. 1 CA-JV 18-0281
                                FILED 1-15-2019


            Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
                              No. JD22390
                    The Honorable Sara J. Agne, Judge

                                   AFFIRMED


                                    COUNSEL

John L. Popilek, P.C., Phoenix
By John L. Popilek
Counsel for Appellant

Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Tucson
By Autumn Spritzer
Counsel for Appellee Department of Child Safety
                           MARK M. v. DCS, A.M.
                            Decision of the Court



                       MEMORANDUM DECISION

Presiding Judge Kenton D. Jones delivered the decision of the Court, in
which Vice Chief Judge Peter B. Swann and Judge David D. Weinzweig
joined.


J O N E S, Judge:

¶1             Mark M. (Father) appeals the juvenile court’s order
terminating his parental rights to A.M. (Child), arguing DCS failed to make
diligent efforts to provide appropriate reunification services and also failed
to prove severance was warranted by clear and convincing evidence.1 For
the following reasons, we affirm.

                 FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2            When Child was born in November 2016, her mother
(Mother) was struggling with methamphetamine abuse and untreated
mental illness.2 She was also non-compliant with services provided
through an open dependency with Child’s half-sister. Father was likewise
unable to provide a safe and stable home or proper supervision to Child
given his own extensive history of substance abuse and inability to
recognize Mother’s substance abuse. DCS removed Child from her parents’
care, filed a petition alleging Child was dependent as to Father upon
grounds of neglect,3 and referred Father for visitation and parent aide

1     Father does not appeal the juvenile court’s determination that
severance is in Child’s best interests, and our review of that issue has been
waived.

2       “[W]e view the evidence and reasonable inferences to be drawn from
it in the light most favorable to sustaining the court’s decision.” Jordan C.
v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 223 Ariz. 86, 93, ¶ 18 (App. 2009) (citing Jesus M.
v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 203 Ariz. 278, 282, ¶ 13 (App. 2002)).

3      DCS also alleged Child was dependent as to Mother on the grounds
of neglect, substance abuse, and mental illness. Mother’s parental rights to
Child were terminated in July 2018, and her appeal was dismissed after
counsel avowed having identified no non-frivolous issues for this Court’s



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                         MARK M. v. DCS, A.M.
                          Decision of the Court

services, plus urinalysis and hair follicle testing to rule out current
substance abuse.

¶3             After a contested hearing, the juvenile court adjudicated
Child dependent in May 2017 and adopted a case plan of family
reunification. Meanwhile, Father missed thirteen of twenty-nine scheduled
urinalysis tests and tested positive for amphetamine and
methamphetamine in March. Four of his urinalysis samples were diluted,
and he refused to provide a hair sample for testing. Parent aide services
and substance abuse treatment and testing were all closed after Father
failed to engage. Additionally, Father continued living with Mother despite
her inability to complete substance abuse treatment or maintain sobriety.

¶4            By November 2017, Father had not participated in substance
abuse testing for four months and was not otherwise engaged in any
services or consistent with visitation. The juvenile court ordered the case
plan changed to severance and adoption, and DCS immediately moved to
terminate Father’s parental rights upon grounds of chronic substance abuse
and the length of time in out-of-home care.

¶5            Father’s participation did not improve. He was re-referred
for substance abuse treatment two more times but failed to even complete
the intake appointment. He attended one of four scheduled urinalysis tests
in December 2017 and then discontinued testing altogether. Because Father
failed to engage in services, the parent aide service was downgraded to
simple supervision by a DCS case aide.

¶6             At the May 2018 contested hearing, DCS presented evidence
that Father, then fifty years old, had begun using marijuana and cocaine at
age fifteen and methamphetamine at age twenty-five. Despite receiving an
“other than honorable discharge” from the military and amassing at least
six felony convictions as a direct result of his drug use, numerous prior
attempts at substance abuse treatment had been unsuccessful. The DCS
caseworker was concerned that Father had not engaged in court-ordered
services and had not established sobriety in light of his lengthy history of
substance abuse. The caseworker added that Child was adoptable and in
an adoptive placement with her older half-sister.




review. At the time, Mother’s parental rights to two other children had
already been terminated, and she had no contact with a third child who was
placed permanently with his father.


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                          MARK M. v. DCS, A.M.
                           Decision of the Court

¶7              Father denied any current struggle with substance abuse. He
admitted having failed to participate in services but suggested the services
were unnecessary and it was more important that he work. But even when
the DCS caseworker coordinated services around his work schedule, Father
still did not attend. As for housing and employment, Father was employed
as an electrician for three months at the time of trial, and he and Mother
were temporarily living with a man whose last name he did not know. If
Child were returned to his care, Father intended for Mother to provide
childcare while he worked, despite Mother’s proven “resistan[ce]” to
substance abuse treatment. At the conclusion of his testimony, Father
testified he did not believe he was given an adequate opportunity to reunify
with Child and he needed “more to make it work.”

¶8             After taking the matter under advisement, the juvenile court
found DCS had proved by clear and convincing evidence that it had made
diligent efforts to provide appropriate reunification services but
termination of Father’s parental rights was warranted because: (1) Father
had a history of chronic abuse of dangerous drugs that rendered him unable
to discharge parental responsibilities and there were reasonable grounds to
believe the condition would continue for a prolonged indeterminate period,
and (2) Father had substantially neglected or willfully refused to remedy
the circumstances causing Child to be in an out-of-home placement for
longer than the statutory period. Ariz. Rev. Stat. (A.R.S.) § 8-533(B)(3),
(B)(8)(a)-(b).4 The court also found severance was in Child’s best interests
and entered an order terminating Father’s parental rights. Father timely
appealed, and we have jurisdiction pursuant to A.R.S. §§ 8-235(A), 12-
120.21(A)(1), -2101(A)(1), and Arizona Rule of Procedure for the Juvenile
Court 103(A).

                              DISCUSSION

I.    DCS Made Diligent Efforts to Provide Reunification Services.

¶9            Father first argues the juvenile court erred in granting the
termination motion because he was not afforded sufficient time to
participate in services. To terminate parental rights, DCS must first prove
it made diligent efforts to provide reunification services. See A.R.S. § 8-
533(B)(8) (requiring diligent reunification efforts when termination is based
upon the length of time in out-of-home care); Mary Lou C. v. Ariz. Dep’t of
Econ. Sec., 207 Ariz. 43, 49, ¶¶ 14-15 (App. 2004) (requiring diligent


4      Absent material changes from the relevant date, we cite the current
version of rules and statutes.


                                     4
                           MARK M. v. DCS, A.M.
                            Decision of the Court

reunification efforts when termination is based upon the parent’s chronic
substance abuse). But DCS is not required to provide every conceivable
service, undertake futile rehabilitative measures, or ensure the parent’s
participation. Mary Ellen C. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 193 Ariz. 185, 187,
192-93, ¶¶ 1, 37, 42 (App. 1999); Maricopa Cty. Juv. Action No. JS-501904, 180
Ariz. 348, 353 (App. 1994) (citing Maricopa Cty. Juv. Action No. JS-5209 & No.
JS-4963, 143 Ariz. 178, 189 (App. 1984)). Rather, it must only “provide a
parent with the time and opportunity to participate in programs designed
to improve the parent’s ability to care for the child.” Mary Ellen C., 193 Ariz.
at 192, ¶ 37 (citing JS-501904, 180 Ariz. at 353). We defer to the juvenile
court’s factual findings, including those regarding DCS’s diligence in
providing services, so long as they are supported by substantial evidence.
See Lashonda M. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 210 Ariz. 77, 81-82, ¶¶ 13, 16 (App.
2005) (citing Jesus M., 203 Ariz. at 280, ¶ 4).

¶10           Father also argues the juvenile court should have granted a
continuance of the severance trial. We review an order denying a
continuance for an abuse of discretion. See Yavapai Cty. Juv. Action No. J-
9365, 157 Ariz. 497, 499 (App. 1988) (citation omitted).

¶11             The record reflects Father was given ample time and
opportunity to participate in reunification services. Father was referred for
substance abuse testing and treatment, parent aide services, and visitation
— all designed to address DCS’s concerns regarding his history of
substance abuse and ability to provide a safe and stable home for Child —
immediately after Child’s removal and regularly thereafter. Yet by the time
of trial, eighteen months later, Father had not meaningfully engaged in any
of these services, even though the statutory period for compliance had
passed two to three times over. See A.R.S. § 8-533(B)(8)(a) (authorizing
termination of parental rights after a child is in out-of-home care for nine
months), (b) (authorizing termination of parental rights after a child under
three is in out-of-home care for six months). While the Court appreciates
Father’s focus upon his employment, financial stability does not supplant
the parent’s need to establish and maintain sobriety and learn the skills
necessary to provide a child with appropriate parenting and supervision.
Moreover, Father admitted he did not participate even when the services
were scheduled around his work obligations.

¶12            In sum, substantial evidence supports the juvenile court’s
finding that it was not a lack of time but a lack of will that prevented Father
from proving his willingness and ability to parent. We find no error in the
court’s conclusion that DCS made diligent efforts to provide reunification



                                        5
                          MARK M. v. DCS, A.M.
                           Decision of the Court

services, nor any abuse of discretion in the denial of Father’s request for
additional time.

II.    DCS Proved the Statutory Grounds for Severance by Clear and
       Convincing Evidence.

¶13            Father next argues that DCS failed to prove the grounds for
severance by clear and convincing evidence. To terminate parental rights,
the juvenile court must find by clear and convincing evidence at least one
statutory ground for severance. See Kent K. v. Bobby M., 210 Ariz. 279, 281-
82, ¶ 7 (2005) (citing A.R.S. § 8-537(B)). We do not reweigh the evidence
upon appeal; as the trier of fact, the court “is in the best position to weigh
the evidence, observe the parties, judge the credibility of witnesses, and
resolve disputed facts.” Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec. v. Oscar O., 209 Ariz. 332,
334, ¶ 4 (App. 2004) (citing Jesus M., 203 Ariz. at 280, ¶ 4). We will affirm
the court’s determination that severance is warranted “unless we must say
as a matter of law that no one could reasonably find the evidence to be clear
and convincing.” Denise R. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 221 Ariz. 92, 94, ¶ 7
(App. 2009)).

¶14           A parent’s rights may be terminated pursuant to A.R.S. § 8-
533(B)(8)(a) when:

       [T]he child is being cared for in an out-of-home placement
       under the supervision of the juvenile court, . . . [DCS] has
       made a diligent effort to provide appropriate reunification
       services[,] . . . [t]he child has been in an out-of-home
       placement for a cumulative total period of nine months or
       longer pursuant to court order[,] . . . and the parent has
       substantially neglected or wil[l]fully refused to remedy the
       circumstances that cause the child to be in an out-of-home
       placement.

In evaluating the parent’s performance, the juvenile court must consider
“the availability of reunification services to the parent and the participation
of the parent in these services.” A.R.S. § 8-533(D).

¶15           Severance based upon a child’s time in an out-of-home
placement “is not limited to those who have completely neglected or
willfully refused to remedy such circumstances.” Maricopa Cty. Juv. Action
No. JS-501568, 177 Ariz. 571, 576 (App. 1994). Rather, the juvenile court is
“well within its discretion in finding substantial neglect and terminating
parental rights” where a parent makes only “sporadic, aborted attempts to
remedy” the situation. Id. Indeed, “[l]eaving the window of opportunity


                                      6
                            MARK M. v. DCS, A.M.
                             Decision of the Court

for remediation open indefinitely is not necessary, nor . . . [is it] in the child’s
or the parent’s best interests.” Id. at 577 (citing Maricopa Cty. Juv. Action No.
JS-4283, 133 Ariz. 598, 601 (App. 1982)). This scheme gives the parent an
incentive to address his deficiencies and assume parental responsibilities as
soon as possible, thereby furthering a young child’s interest in permanency.
See id.

¶16             Substantial evidence supports the juvenile court’s conclusion
that severance was warranted because Father substantially neglected or
willfully refused to remedy the circumstances causing Child to be in out-
of-home care for longer than nine months. In the first six months after
Child’s removal, Father missed more than a third of the scheduled
urinalysis tests. Thereafter, despite testing positive for amphetamine and
methamphetamine, Father refused to provide a hair follicle sample and
failed to engage in substance abuse treatment. In the year immediately
preceding trial, Father participated in only four of forty-five scheduled
tests. Moreover, the record does not contain any evidence suggesting
Father appreciated Mother’s uncontrolled substance abuse and mental
illness, or the danger those circumstances posed to Child.

¶17           Ultimately, at the time of the severance trial, Child had been
in an out-of-home placement for eighteen months. In the interim, services
designed to promote reunification were available, but Father substantially
neglected to, and in some instances, willfully refused to participate, and the
risks to Child arising from the parents’ substance abuse remained.5
Accordingly, we find no error.




5       Because we find clear and convincing evidence supports the
termination order based upon the time Child was in out-of-home care, we
need not and do not consider whether the remaining grounds are
supported by the record. Jesus M., 203 Ariz. at 280, ¶ 3 (“If clear and
convincing evidence supports any one of the statutory grounds on which
the juvenile court ordered severance, we need not address claims
pertaining to the other grounds.”) (citing Michael J. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ.
Sec., 196 Ariz. 246, 251, ¶ 27 (2000), and Maricopa Cty. Juv. Action No. JS-6520,
157 Ariz. 238, 242 (App. 1988)).


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                       MARK M. v. DCS, A.M.
                        Decision of the Court

                            CONCLUSION

¶18         The order terminating Father’s parental rights to Child is
affirmed.




                      AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
                      FILED: AA




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