                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                                AT KNOXVILLE
                              July 10, 2001 Session

STATE OF TENNESSEE, EX REL, PERNIE BARGER, ET AL., v. CITY OF
   HUNTSVILLE, TENNESSEE, STATE OF TENNESSEE, EX REL,
    GEORGE BRAWNER, SR., ET AL., v. CITY OF HUNTSVILLE,
                        TENNESSEE

                   Direct Appeal from the Chancery Court for Scott County
                      Nos. 8087 and 8119   Hon. Billy Joe White, Judge

                                       FILED AUGUST 17, 2001

                                  No. E2001-00395-COA-R3-CV



The Trial Court held service of process on the City’s Mayor under Tenn. R. Civ. P. 4.04(8) was
insufficient. On appeal, we affirm.


Tenn. R. App. P.3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Affirmed.


HERSCHEL PICKENS FRANKS , J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which HOUSTON M. GODDARD ,
P.J., and CHARLES D. SUSANO, JR., J., joined.

David L. Buuck, Knoxville, Tennessee, for Appellant.

Andrew R. Tillman, Knoxville, Tennessee, for Appellee.



                                              OPINION


               The Trial Court dismissed this action for insufficient service of process, and plaintiffs
have appealed. The action was brought against the City of Huntsville, and the Summons states that
it was served upon the City “at Mayor Charles Sexton’s Office.” The City filed a Motion to Dismiss,
stating there was no personal service on the Mayor, but rather that copies of the Summons and
Complaint were simply left at the Mayor’s office, and argue that Tenn. R. Civ. P. 4.04(8) requires
personal service on the Mayor.
             Other plaintiffs then filed a quo warranto proceeding against the City, and the
Summons in this case states that the process server “left a copy with defendant.” The City filed a
Motion to Dismiss in this action. These two actions were consolidated on appeal.

                In support of its Motions, the City filed an Affidavit of Cynthia Reynolds, which
states that she was the City Recorder for Huntsville, and that the processes were left with her at the
Mayor’s office, but the Mayor was not present.

                 Reynolds in her deposition which was filed, testified that she had worked as City
Recorder for 15 years, and that Charles Sexton had been the Mayor at the time the lawsuits were
filed, and that he was also working for the Scott County Road Department. She testified that Sexton
came to the office nearly every day, but that his schedule was unpredictable. She further testified that
the Summons and Complaints at issue were left with her, and that she gave them to the Mayor. She
further testified that she did not tell the process servers that she was authorized to accept service, but
rather she told one of them that he should find the Mayor, and that she didn’t think she could accept
service.

               The facts in this case are not in dispute, and the issue involved is a question of law
which is reviewed de novo by this Court without a presumption of correctness. Union Carbide Corp.
v. Huddleston, 854 S.W.2d 87 (Tenn. 1993).

                 Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure 4.04(8) requires that service may be made upon
a municipality by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the “chief executive officer
thereof, or to the city attorney.” In this case, a copy of the summons and complaint were left at the
mayor’s office, but were not personally delivered to the mayor. Plaintiffs argue that such service was
sufficient under the authority of Garland v. Seaboard Coastline R. Co., 658 S.W.2d 528 (Tenn.
1983). In Garland, the Court adopted the construction used by the federal courts in determining the
sufficiency of service of process on business entities, wherein the federal courts had held that service
could be made upon a representative of the company who was “so integrated with the organization
that he will know what to do with the papers.” Id. at 531. Thus, the Court held that service on a
company was sufficient if it was made upon a person whom one could reasonably imply had
authority to receive service. Id. Plaintiffs argue that because service was made upon the city
recorder, who is “a representative so integrated” with the City that she would know what to do with
the papers, and who could reasonably be thought to have authority to accept same, the process was
sufficient and proper.

                 We note, however, that the Court’s decision in Garland as well as the federal cases
relied upon dealt strictly with service on companies and the subsections of Rule 4.04 which apply
thereto. Garland made no mention of service upon municipalities, and there have been no cases
citing Garland which deal with the issue before us. There appears to be an absence of authority on
the issue of sufficiency of service on a municipality in this jurisdiction, except for the case of Legleu
v. Clarksville Dept. of Electricity, 944 S.W.2d 364 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1995), wherein this Court held
that service upon an officer of the Clarksville Department of Electricity was insufficient to give


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notice to the City of Clarksville, and was thus insufficient service on the City pursuant to Tenn. R.
Civ. P. 4.04.1 Tenn. R. Civ. P. 4.04(8) is specific, in that delivery must be upon the chief executive
officer, i.e. the mayor, and such was not done in this case.

               This Court has recognized that the Rules of Civil Procedure are “laws” which must
be construed in the same manner as statutes, such that if the language of the rule is plain, clear, and
unambiguous, the court’s duty is to simply to enforce the rule as written. First Tennessee Bank, N.A.
v. Dougherty, 963 S.W.2d 507 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1997).

                Plaintiffs argue that they should not be held to the technical requirements of the Rule
because it is clear that the City had notice of the claims. Tenn. R. Civ. P. 12.02, however,
specifically allows the defense of insufficiency of process to be raised in a Motion to Dismiss, such
as was done in this case. Moreover, it is clear that once this defense has been raised, any other
participation in the lawsuit by the defendant does not constitute a waiver. See Toler v. City of
Cookeville, 952 S.W.2d 831 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1997).

                Plaintiffs also argue that the Trial Court should have held an evidentiary hearing
before ordering that the case be dismissed. The Trial Court, however, had the benefit of the
Reynolds’ Affidavit, as well as the deposition testimony of the process servers, Ms. Reynolds, and
the Mayor, and the facts were not in dispute. There is no indication that an evidentiary hearing
would have aided the court in any way, as all of the pertinent facts were before it. Moreover, the
Motion to Dismiss was not heard for two years, and plaintiffs made no efforts to correct the alleged
defect in service.

               We hold the directive under the Rule is clear and that on the facts before us the
service was insufficient pursuant to the unambiguous directives of Tenn. R. Civ. P. 4.04.

               Accordingly, we affirm the Judgment of the Trial Court and assess the cost of the
appeal to the appellants, Barger, Brown, Lloyd, Stonecipher, Brawner, Marlow, Pemberton and
Ryan.


                                                       _________________________
                                                       HERSCHEL PICKENS FRANKS , J.




       1
         It has likewise been held that service on the county sheriff was insufficient service on the
county, pursuant to Tenn. R. Civ. P. 4.04(7). Freeman v. Shannon, No. W1999-1597-COA-R3-CV
(Tenn. Ct. App. Sept. 7, 2000), no perm. app. filed.

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