                     COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


Present:    Judges Annunziata, Agee and Senior Judge Coleman


RANDOLPH CAMPBELL (DECEASED)
 BY MARY CAMPBELL (WIDOW)
                                             MEMORANDUM OPINION*
v.   Record No. 2944-00-3                         PER CURIAM
                                                JULY 17, 2001
RUBATEX CORPORATION AND
 TWIN CITY FIRE INSURANCE


           FROM THE VIRGINIA WORKERS' COMPENSATION COMMISSION

             (Mary Campbell, pro se, on brief).

             (Richard D. Lucas; Carter, Brown & Osborne,
             P.C., on brief), for appellees.


     Randolph Campbell (deceased) by his widow, Mary Campbell

(claimant) contends that the Workers' Compensation Commission

erred in finding that claimant failed to prove that the deceased

employee's Multiple Systems Atrophy ("MSA") constituted an

occupational disease or a compensable ordinary disease of life

causally related to his employment.     Pursuant to Rule 5A:21,

employer raises the additional questions of whether (1) the

February 3, 1995 claim should have been dismissed because it was

anticipatory when filed; (2) the claim should have been

dismissed because the deceased's date of communication, October

4, 1999, was not within five years of his last injurious


     * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not
designated for publication.
exposure; and (3) claimant would be barred from receiving

benefits, even if she prevailed, since no medical benefits were

incurred within fifteen days of the date of communication and

there was no wage loss within the fifty-two weeks preceding the

date of communication.   Upon reviewing the record and the briefs

of the parties, we conclude that this appeal is without merit.

Accordingly, we summarily affirm the commission's decision.       See

Rule 5A:27.

     A claimant must prove the existence of an occupational

disease by a preponderance of the evidence.    See Virginia Dep't

of State Police v. Talbert, 1 Va. App. 250, 253, 337 S.E.2d 307,

308 (1985).    For an occupational disease to be compensable under

the Act, claimant must prove "[a] direct causal connection

between the conditions under which work is performed and the

occupational disease."   Code § 65.2-400(B)(1).

     In order to prove a compensable ordinary disease of life

under Code § 65.2-401, the claimant must "'establish[ ] by clear

and convincing evidence, to a reasonable medical certainty, that

it arose out of and in the course of the employment as provided

in [Code] § 65.2-400 . . . and did not result from causes

outside of the employment.'"    Greif Cos. v. Sipe, 16 Va. App.

709, 714, 434 S.E.2d 314, 317-18 (1993) (quoting Code

§ 65.2-401).   Evidence is clear and convincing when it produces

in the fact finder "a firm belief or conviction as to the

allegations sought to be established.   It is . . . more than a
                              - 2 -
mere preponderance, but not to the extent of such certainty as

is required beyond a reasonable doubt as in criminal cases.    It

does not mean clear and unequivocal."   Fred C. Walker Agency,

Inc. v. Lucas, 215 Va. 535, 540-41, 211 S.E.2d 88, 92 (1975)

(citation omitted).

     Unless we can say as a matter of law that claimant's

evidence sustained her burden of proof, the commission's

findings are binding and conclusive upon us.   See Tomko v.

Michael's Plastering. Co., 210 Va. 697, 699, 173 S.E.2d 833, 835

(1970).

     The record established that numerous physicians treated the

deceased and reviewed his medical records.   Drs. G. F. Wooten,

Barrie J. Hurwitz, F. O'M. Shiel, Dennis J. Darcey, Darrell

Powledge, and physicians with the National Institutes of Health

could not state with any degree of reasonable medical certainty

that the deceased's MSA was causally related to his exposure to

chemicals at work.

     Dr. William Campbell was the only physician to render an

opinion that the deceased's MSA was caused by his exposure to

chemicals in his workplace.   However, the commission rejected

Dr. Campbell's opinion that toxins produced the deceased's

condition for the following reasons:

          Having examined a list of approximately 400
          chemicals provided to [Dr. Campbell] by the
          claimant, . . . [he] was unable to identify
          either those chemicals to which the employee
          might have been exposed or the level of the
                              - 3 -
             alleged exposures. Dr. Campbell was also
             unaware of the employee's duties for the
             employer, or what specifically was
             manufactured at the plant where he worked.
             Dr. Campbell also admitted that he did not
             know whether or not the employee was
             provided with, or even used, protective gear
             while working for employer. Dr. Campbell
             was not able to make a compound/symptom
             analysis with this information in 1991. He
             also admitted that the authors of the
             January 1999 article[, upon which he relied
             to form his opinion,] concluded only that
             the "possibility of a relationship" existed
             between MSA and chemical exposure.

     Based upon the overwhelming lack of any persuasive medical

evidence establishing that the deceased's MSA was causally

connected to exposure to chemicals in his workplace, and in

light of the lack of support for Dr. Campbell's opinion, the

commission, as fact finder, was entitled to conclude that the

evidence was insufficient to prove the requisite causal

relationship for either an occupational disease or an ordinary

disease of life.

     Accordingly, we cannot find as a matter of law that

claimant's evidence sustained her burden of proving a causal

relationship between the deceased's employment and his MSA as

either an occupational disease or a compensable ordinary disease

of life. 1   Because our ruling on this issue disposes of this




     1
       In rendering our decision, we have only considered the
evidence in the record that was properly before the commission
at the time of its decision.

                                 - 4 -
appeal, we need not address the additional questions raised by

employer.

     For these reasons, we affirm the commission's decision.

                                                        Affirmed.




                              - 5 -
