06-5653-cr;06-5718-cr;07-0116-cr
United States v. Hurell;United States v. Bradley;United States v. Watkins




                               UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                    FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
                               ____________________________________

                                              August Term, 2007

(Argued:     May 28, 2008                                                   Decided: January 28, 2009)

                             Docket Nos. 06-5653-cr, 06-5718-cr, 07-0116-cr
                              ____________________________________

                                     UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
                                                 Appellant,
                                                    v.
                                             JEFFREY HURELL,
                                              Defendant-Appellee.

                                     UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
                                                    Appellant,
                                                         v.
                                            STEVEN BRADLEY,
                                              Defendant-Appellee.


                                     UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
                                                    Appellant,
                                                         v.
                                            BRIAN D. WATKINS
                                         Defendant-Appellee.
                               ____________________________________

                     Before: KEARSE, CALABRESI, and SACK, Circuit Judges.
                               ____________________________________


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           The United States appeals from judgments entered in the United States District Court for the
    Western District of New York (Larimer, J. & Skretny, J. ), after the district court determined that
    a prior New York conviction for burglary in the third degree, and prior convictions for attempted
    burglary in the third degree, were not convictions for “crime[s] of violence,” as defined by §
    4B1.2(a) of the Sentencing Guidelines.

           Vacated and Remanded.
                                                  JOSEPH J. KARASZEWSKI, Assistant United States
                                                  Attorney, (Terrance P. Flynn, United States Attorney
                                                  for the Western District of New York, on the brief),
                                                  Buffalo, N.Y., for Appellant.
                                                  ROBERT G. SMITH, Assistant Federal Defender,
                                                  Western District of New York, Rochester, N.Y. (Jay
                                                  S. Ovsiovitch, of counsel), for Defendants-Appellees
                                                  Jeffrey Hurell & Steven Bradley.
                                                  Cheryl Meyers Buth, Law Offices of Thomas H.
                                                  Burton, Buffalo, N.Y. for Defendant-Appellee Brian
                                                  D. Watkins.
                               ____________________________________



1   PER CURIAM:


2          The government appeals three judgments entered in the United States District Court for the

3   Western District of New York. In each of these cases, the district court held that a prior conviction

4   for burglary in the third degree under New York Law, N.Y. Pen. L. § 140.20 (Watkins), and/or a

5   prior conviction for attempted burglary in the third degree (all three defendants), were not

6   convictions for “crime[s] of violence,” as defined by § 4B1.2(a) of the Sentencing Guidelines.

7   Judges Larimer and Skretny therefore denied the government’s requests that defendants should be

8   sentenced after due consideration of the higher Guidelines ranges that would have been applicable



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 1   had the prior convictions been for “crime[s] of violence.” We assume the parties’ familiarity with

 2   the particular facts of these cases and their procedural histories.

 3          After the briefs were submitted in these cases, this Court held that New York’s offense of

 4   burglary in the third degree is a “crime of violence” under the Guidelines. United States v. Brown,

 5   514 F.3d 256, 268-69 (2d Cir. 2008). Brown seems directly to control our decision. The only

 6   difference between Brown and these cases is that unlike Brown, these cases involve attempted

 7   burglary in the third degree. This distinction, however, does not assist Appellees, for the Guidelines

 8   state explicitly that the term “crime of violence” “include[s] the offense[] of . . . attempting to

 9   commit” a “crime of violence.” U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2, app. n.1. We conclude that the district court

10   erred in determining that Watkins’s prior convictions for burglary and attempted burglary, and

11   Bradley’s and Hurell’s prior convictions for attempted burglary, were not convictions for “crime[s]

12   of violence” under the Guidelines.

13          We note that the circuits are split on the question of whether a conviction for burglary of a

14   building, as opposed to burglary of a dwelling, is a prior conviction for a “crime of violence” under

15   the Guidelines. See Brown, 514 F.3d at 265-66 (discussing circuit split). We also note that this

16   interpretive question is one which the Sentencing Commission is empowered to resolve. This has

17   particular significance in this context insofar as the Sentencing Guidelines are designed in significant

18   part to bring about nationwide uniformity in sentencing and to avoid unwarranted sentencing

19   disparities. See Rita v. United States, 127 S. Ct. 2456, 2463-64 (2007).




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1          The judgments of the district court are VACATED, and the cases are REMANDED for

2   further sentencing proceedings consistent with this opinion.

3




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