                      NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
  UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                  AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.




                                     IN THE
              ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
                                 DIVISION ONE


                    MARIA S., FELICIANO R., Appellants,

                                         v.

       DEPARTMENT OF CHILD SAFETY, N.J., A.J., C.J., Appellees.

                              No. 1 CA-JV 17-0105
                                FILED 9-28-2017


            Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
                              No. JD527290
                The Honorable Janice K. Crawford, Judge

                                   AFFIRMED


                                    COUNSEL

Jeffrey M. Zurbriggen, P.C., Phoenix
By Jeffrey M. Zurbriggen
Counsel for Appellants

Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Mesa
By Ashlee N. Hoffmann
Counsel for Appellee Department of Child Safety
                  MARIA S., FELICIANO R. v. DCS, et al.
                         Decision of the Court



                     MEMORANDUM DECISION

Judge Maria Elena Cruz delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Lawrence F. Winthrop and Judge Diane M. Johnsen joined.


C R U Z, Judge:

¶1            Maria S. and Feliciano R. (collectively “Grandparents”)
appeal from the superior court’s denial of their motion to intervene and
motion to change physical custody. Because Grandparents have not shown
the superior court abused its discretion, we affirm.

              FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2             Grandparents are the maternal grandparents of N.J., born in
2003, A.J., born in 2005, C.J., born in 2009, and D.S., born in 19981
(collectively the “Children”). The Children’s mother, Benita S. (“Mother”),
suffers from severe mental-health issues and cognitive disabilities that
prevent her from caring for the Children. Additionally, the Children all
have special needs of their own.

¶3            Because of Mother’s own disabilities, she and the Children
lived with Grandparents. When Grandparents took an extended trip to
Mexico in late 2013, leaving the Children in Mother’s care, the Department
of Child Safety (“DCS”) filed a dependency petition, alleging the Children
were dependent as to Mother because she was unable to safely care for them
or herself. Once removed from Mother’s care, the Children were placed in
foster homes licensed by the Division of Developmental Disabilities
(“DDD”) and began to receive specialized services.

¶4            After the superior court found the Children dependent as to
Mother in August 2014, DCS attempted to reunify the Children with
Mother, providing her with an array of reunification services. In March
2015, DCS completed its first home study for Grandparents but a potential
return of the Children was denied because Mother continued to live in the
home and exhibited violent tendencies. Additionally, Grandparents were


1     D.S. turned eighteen in December 2016 and is not a party to this
appeal.



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                 MARIA S., FELICIANO R. v. DCS, et al.
                        Decision of the Court

reportedly unable to understand safety risks and the Children’s special
needs. DCS unsuccessfully attempted to place the Children with other
relatives.

¶5           Following a petition to sever the parental relationship and an
evidentiary hearing, the superior court terminated Mother’s parental rights
in May 2016 and the Children’s fathers’ rights in August 2016.2 This Court
dismissed Mother’s appeal on July 8, 2016, pursuant to Arizona Rule of
Procedure for the Juvenile Court 106(G)(1).

¶6            On August 17, 2016–three months after Mother’s parental
rights had been terminated–Grandparents filed a motion to intervene under
Arizona Rule of Civil Procedure (“Rule”) 24(a) and/or (b).3 That same day,
Grandparents also filed a motion to change physical custody and visitation,
requesting the Children be placed with them. Grandparents’ motions
asserted they could address the Children’s disabilities because they had
addressed Mother’s similar disabilities. Grandparents sought to intervene
in order to gain standing in the case so they could advocate for the Children
and be considered as a permanent placement.

¶7            DCS and the Children’s guardian ad litem (“GAL”) objected
to Grandparents’ motions, based on lack of standing and the best interests
of the Children. They pointed out that, during the course of the case, DCS
had performed a home study and on-site inspection of Grandparents’
home, had continually assessed Grandparents for placement, and although
Grandparents discussed finding an alternate living arrangement for
Mother, Grandparents took no action to remedy the problems DCS had
identified. Further, DCS and the GAL argued that Grandparents were
consistently unable to understand or deal with the Children’s disabilities
and medical needs, and unable to interact or otherwise effectively control
the Children.

¶8          Following a November 11, 2016 oral argument on
Grandparents’ motion to intervene, the superior court set an evidentiary
hearing. Just prior to the evidentiary hearing, DCS performed a home




2     The fathers of N.J., C.J., and A.J. are believed to reside in Mexico,
have had no contact with the Children, and are not parties to this appeal.

3     Grandparents appeal the denial of the motion to intervene under
Rule 24(b), and we therefore do not consider Rule 24(a) on appeal.


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                   MARIA S., FELICIANO R. v. DCS, et al.
                          Decision of the Court

study for Grandparents, and it was denied because Mother was still
residing in the home.

¶9             After taking the matter under advisement, the superior court
denied Grandparents’ motions to intervene and for change of physical
custody, finding that allowing Grandparents to intervene would be
contrary to the Children’s best interests. In fact, the court voiced its “very
serious concerns as to whether permitting intervention would provide the
Grandparents with information that would be contrary to the [C]hildren’s
best interest[s].” This timely appeal followed.

¶10            The Court has jurisdiction pursuant to Arizona Revised
Statutes sections 8-235(A), 12-120.21(A)(1), and 12-2101(A)(1).

                                DISCUSSION

¶11            Grandparents sought permission to intervene pursuant to
Rule 24(b), which provides that the court may, upon timely motion, permit
intervention by one who “has a conditional right to intervene under a
statute” or who “has a claim or defense that shares with the main action a
common question of law or fact.” Ariz. R. Civ. P. 24(b)(1). Rule 24 “is
remedial and should be liberally construed with the view of assisting
parties in obtaining justice and protecting their rights . . . .” Mitchell v. City
of Nogales, 83 Ariz. 328, 333 (1958).

¶12            Grandparents were not parties to the Children’s dependency
and severance proceedings, however, that is not to say they lacked an
interest in the proceedings. “Grandparents are among those people eligible
to become guardian of a child found to be dependent” and, as such, a child’s
grandparents “should be allowed to intervene in the dependency process
unless a specific showing is made that the best interest of the child would
not be served thereby.” Bechtel v. Rose, 150 Ariz. 68, 73 (1986); see also Ariz.
Rev. Stat. § 8-514(B).

¶13           We review the superior court’s denial of Grandparents’
motion to intervene for an abuse of discretion. See Allen v. Chon-Lopez, 214
Ariz. 361, 364, ¶ 9 (App. 2007).




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                 MARIA S., FELICIANO R. v. DCS, et al.
                        Decision of the Court

¶14           Bechtel outlined several relevant factors which the court
should consider prior to determining whether a grandparent should be
allowed to intervene in a dependency matter. 150 Ariz. at 72.4

¶15           On appeal, Grandparents argue the court failed to properly
apply the Bechtel factors for intervention and cite Chon-Lopez for the
proposition that the superior court inappropriately analyzed placement
issues instead of grounds for granting intervention. In concluding that
Grandparents’ intervention was not in the best interests of the Children, the
court cited the occasion in 2013 in which Grandparents, who were the
primary caregivers of the Children, left the Children with Mother knowing,
or having reason to know, that Mother was not an appropriate caregiver
due to her mental capabilities. Although Grandparents underwent a home
study in hopes of becoming a suitable placement for the Children, Mother,
who is dependent on Grandparents, was still residing in the home. On that
basis, DCS and the Children’s GAL opposed Grandparents’ request to serve
as placement. The court further concluded “[i]ntervention is likely to result
in prolonging the case.”

¶16           The court was aware DCS had assessed Grandparents as a
potential placement and offered Grandparents opportunities to visit with
the Children in their home with Mother. During those visits, Grandparents


4     Those factors are:

             [T]he nature and extent of the intervenors’
             interest, their standing to raise relevant legal
             issues, the legal position they seek to advance,
             and its probable relation to the merits of the
             case. The court may also consider whether
             changes have occurred in the litigation so that
             intervention that was once denied should be
             reexamined, whether the intervenors’ interests
             are adequately represented by other parties,
             whether intervention will prolong or unduly
             delay the litigation, and whether parties seeking
             intervention will significantly contribute to full
             development of the underlying factual issues in
             the suit and to the just and equitable
             adjudication of the legal questions presented.

Id.



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                  MARIA S., FELICIANO R. v. DCS, et al.
                         Decision of the Court

were unable to appropriately manage the Children, and the Children
exhibited negative behaviors during and after the visits. The court heard
testimony that DCS moved the visits to DCS offices but the Children’s
behaviors remained unchanged, as did Grandparents’ response. The DCS
case manager and DDD supervisor testified that the grandmother failed to
implement any skills she had been taught to manage the Children’s
behaviors and that instead, did not engage with the Children. In fact, the
record shows that by March 2016, visitation with the grandmother was
terminated because she did not follow DCS guidelines and caused the
Children to become even more disruptive. In the presence of the
grandmother, the Children’s behavior was frequently uncontrollable and
violent, and over an extended period of time, attempts to educate the
grandmother did not improve the Children’s behaviors. When visitation
stopped, the Children’s behavior improved for the first time.

¶17            This case is dissimilar to Bechtel where the court found a
“paucity” of a record and “no indication at all as to why the [Grandparent’s]
motion was denied.” 150 Ariz. at 72. Here, the court did not “summarily”
deny intervention, but rather made an “individualized determination”
based on the best interests as required by Bechtel. See William Z. v. Ariz.
Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 192 Ariz. 385, 389, ¶ 21 (App. 1998) (a summary denial of
intervention is an abuse of discretion).

¶18          Grandparents argue their interests with regard to visitation
and placement were not represented by any party to the case but, in fact,
Mother’s counsel, the GAL, and one child’s attorney did do so throughout
the dependency case. The superior court found Grandparents did not
advance a legal position or offer any relevant legal issues not already
presented by a party in the case, notwithstanding the fact that the GAL
could not, in the Children’s best interests, represent Grandparents’
interests. Further, the court found that to allow the intervention would
prolong the case.

¶19          Given the extensive record, including the Children’s
interactions with Grandparents, the Children’s extensive history and
continuing need for specialized care, and the need for permanency,
Grandparents have not shown the superior court abused its discretion in
denying their motion to intervene.

¶20          We address only the superior court’s denial of Grandparents’
motion to intervene. Grandparents were not permitted to intervene and
were not otherwise parties pursuant to Arizona Rule of Procedure for the
Juvenile Court 37(A), and therefore had no right to file a motion to change


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                 MARIA S., FELICIANO R. v. DCS, et al.
                        Decision of the Court

physical custody and similarly now lack standing to challenge the superior
court’s denial of said motion.

                             CONCLUSION

¶21          We affirm the superior court’s rulings.




                          AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
                          FILED: AA




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