     19-1636-cv
     Binn v. Bernstein

                                UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                    FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                             SUMMARY ORDER

     RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT.
     CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS
     PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE
     PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A
     SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY
     MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE
     (WITH THE NOTATION ASUMMARY ORDER@).       A PARTY CITING TO A
     SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT
     REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

 1         At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit,
 2   held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the
 3   City of New York, on the 8th day of May, two thousand twenty.
 4
 5           PRESENT: RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR.,
 6                            JOSEPH F. BIANCO,
 7                            MICHAEL H. PARK,
 8                                    Circuit Judges.
 9           ------------------------------------------------------------------
10           MORETON BINN, MARISOL F, LLC,
11
12                            Plaintiffs-Appellants,
13
14                       v.                                                       No. 19-1636-cv
15
16           BRUCE T. BERNSTEIN, RICHARD K. ABBE,
17           ANDREW D. PERLMAN, SALVATORE
18           GIARDINA, ANDREW R. HEYER, DONALD E.
19           STOUT, JOHN ENGELMAN, FORM HOLDINGS
20           CORP.,
21
22                            Defendants-Appellees.
 1         ------------------------------------------------------------------
 2
 3         FOR APPELLANTS:                                  ROSANNE E. FELICELLO, Felicello Law
 4                                                          P.C. (Michael James Maloney, CKR
 5                                                          Law LLP, on the brief), New York,
 6                                                          NY.
 7
 8         FOR APPELLEES BERNSTEIN,                         FRANCIS J. EARLEY (Ellen Shapiro,
 9         ABBE, GIARDINA, HEYER,                           John P. Sefick, Adam L. Sisitsky, on
10         STOUT, ENGELMAN, AND                             the brief), Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris,
11         FORM HOLDINGS                                    Glovsky and Popeo, P.C., New York,
12         CORPORATION:                                     NY, and Boston, MA.
13
14         FOR APPELLEE ABBE:                               SANDEEP SAVLA (Christopher J.
15                                                          Clark, on the brief), Latham &
16                                                          Watkins LLP, New York, NY.
17
18         FOR APPELLEE PERLMAN:                            IAN M. DUMAIN (Jaime D. Sneider, on
19                                                          the brief), Boies Schiller Flexner LLP,
20                                                          New York, NY.
21
22         Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the

23   Southern District of New York (Louis L. Stanton, Judge).

24         UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED,

25   AND DECREED that the judgment of the District Court is AFFIRMED.

26         Plaintiffs-Appellants Moreton Binn and Marisol F, LLC appeal from

27   decisions of the District Court (Stanton, J.) dismissing certain state law claims

28   under Rule 12(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, denying discovery,

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 1   granting summary judgment to the defendants on the remaining securities and

 2   contract claims against them, and denying the plaintiffs’ cross-motion for partial

 3   summary judgment. The plaintiffs’ claims stem from a December 2016 merger

 4   between Form Holdings, Corp. and XpresSpa Holdings, LLC, a brand of airport

 5   spas founded by Moreton Binn and his wife, Marisol Binn. The plaintiffs sued

 6   Form Holdings and individual members of the boards of directors of XpresSpa

 7   and Form Holdings for alleged misrepresentations and failures to disclose

 8   material facts in connection with the merger, in violation of the Securities Act of

 9   1933, 15 U.S.C. § 77l(a)(2), the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, 15 U.S.C.

10   §§ 78j(b), 78t(a), Rule 10b-5, 17 C.F.R. § 240.10b-5, and New York state contract

11   and common law. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts

12   and the record of prior proceedings, to which we refer only as necessary to

13   explain our decision to affirm.

14         We review de novo a district court’s rulings on a motion to dismiss and on

15   summary judgment. Stratte-McClure v. Morgan Stanley, 776 F.3d 94, 99–100

16   (2d Cir. 2015); FIH, LLC v. Found. Capital Partners LLC, 920 F.3d 134, 140 (2d

17   Cir. 2019). We will reverse a district court’s discovery ruling “only upon a clear


                                              3
 1   showing of an abuse of discretion.” Jackson v. Fed. Express, 766 F.3d 189, 198

 2   (2d Cir. 2014) (quotation marks omitted).

 3         We first consider the dismissal of the state common law claims. We agree

 4   with the District Court that these claims fell within the plain language of a

 5   release clause included in the Joinder Agreement. The plaintiffs argue on

 6   appeal that the District Court should not have dismissed the claims because,

 7   under New York law, such claims are permitted despite a release if a separate

 8   fraud induced the release itself. See Pappas v. Tzolis, 20 N.Y.3d 228, 233–34

 9   (2012). We conclude that the plaintiffs waived this argument by taking a

10   contrary position before the District Court. In opposing the motion to dismiss,

11   the plaintiffs did not argue that a separate fraud induced the release, but rather

12   that the false representations “provided as consideration for the release” were

13   the same “false representations made by Defendants, which form[ed] . . . the

14   basis of Plaintiff’s claims.” Br. in Opp’n to Mot. to Dismiss at 5, Binn v.

15   Bernstein, No. 1:17-cv-08594-LLS (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 26, 2018), ECF No. 61. We

16   therefore affirm the District Court’s dismissal of these claims.




                                              4
 1         We also affirm the District Court’s discovery rulings. The District Court

 2   denied discovery pending the filing of a Second Amended Complaint and

 3   motion for summary judgment but granted the plaintiffs an opportunity to seek

 4   discovery under Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The plaintiffs

 5   were thus permitted to seek discovery by submitting an affidavit or declaration

 6   in opposition to summary judgment stating the “specified reasons[] [they] cannot

 7   present facts essential to justify [their] opposition” absent discovery. Fed. R.

 8   Civ. P. 56(d). In response, the plaintiffs made only broad, generalized requests

 9   for unspecified forms of discovery related to almost every paragraph in the

10   defendants’ Rule 56.1 statement. This fell below the level of specificity required

11   by Rule 56(d), and it was not an abuse of discretion for the District Court to deny

12   discovery on that basis. See Alphonse Hotel Corp. v. Tran, 828 F.3d 146, 151–52

13   (2d Cir. 2016).

14         Finally, we turn to the District Court’s summary judgment rulings. Each

15   of the plaintiffs’ claims required the identification of an actionable misstatement

16   or material omission of fact attributable to one or more of the defendants. See

17   Stratte-McClure, 776 F.3d at 100; Litwin v. Blackstone Grp., L.P., 634 F.3d 706,


                                              5
 1   715–16 (2d Cir. 2011); see also 15 U.S.C. § 78t(a); Appellants’ Br. 44–45. As an

 2   initial matter, we conclude that the plaintiffs abandoned claims based on many

 3   of the alleged misrepresentations discussed in the District Court’s May 22, 2019

 4   opinion and order by failing to make any substantive arguments in support of

 5   those claims in their briefs on appeal. Accordingly, we consider only the

 6   allegations of misstatements and omissions that were not abandoned on appeal:

 7   that the defendants (1) failed to disclose alleged quid pro quo agreements made

 8   with defendants Andrew Heyer and Andrew Perlman in exchange for their

 9   support in the merger; (2) failed to disclose defendant Richard Abbe’s financial

10   interest in a senior secured note (the “Rockmore Note”) that would be

11   guaranteed by Form Holdings post-merger; (3) misrepresented that a majority of

12   Form Holdings’ board would qualify as independent post-merger; (4) failed to

13   disclose the defendants’ numerous and overlapping business relationships; and

14   (5) misrepresented that the Rockmore Note would be paid off immediately.

15         We agree with the District Court that the plaintiffs failed to raise a genuine

16   dispute of material fact on any of these alleged misrepresentations or omissions.

17   The undisputed fact that Perlman and Heyer received certain benefits after the


                                              6
 1   merger closed, including compensation pursuant to a pre-existing employment

 2   agreement and an equity plan applicable to all board members, does not support

 3   the plaintiffs’ conclusory assertion, without admissible evidence, that either had

 4   entered into a secret quid pro quo before the merger closed.

 5         The plaintiffs similarly offer no factual evidence to support their bare

 6   allegation that Abbe’s indirect, minority interest in the Rockmore Note would

 7   have “significantly altered the total mix of information” available, Basic Inc. v.

 8   Levinson, 485 U.S. 224, 231–32 (1988) (quotation marks omitted), especially since

 9   defendant Bruce Bernstein’s controlling interest in the same Rockmore Note was

10   repeatedly disclosed.

11         Nor are we persuaded by the plaintiffs’ arguments challenging the District

12   Court’s dismissal of claims arising from the representation that a majority of

13   board members post-merger would qualify as independent directors. First, the

14   plaintiffs failed to offer any admissible, non-speculative lay or expert evidence

15   that the failure to disclose the overlapping membership of individual defendants

16   on boards of other companies would impair the exercise of their independent

17   business judgment. Second, under the circumstances of this case, the plaintiffs


                                               7
 1   failed to show that the defendants were otherwise obligated to further disclose

 2   board membership information that was already in the public domain through

 3   public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). See

 4   Rodman v. Grant Found., 608 F.2d 64, 70 (2d Cir. 1979) (“In determining whether

 5   . . . [there was] full and adequate disclosure, [courts] properly [take] into account

6    information already in the public domain and facts known or reasonably

7    available to the shareholders . . . .”).

 8          Finally, the plaintiffs could not have justifiably relied on any promise that

 9   the Rockmore Note would be immediately paid off because the defendants

10   disclosed in SEC filings, including a registration statement on Form S-4 filed in

11   September 2016, that the Rockmore Note would “remain outstanding as an

12   obligation of XpresSpa.” App’x 1055.

13          We have considered the plaintiffs’ remaining arguments and conclude that

14   they are without merit. For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the District

15   Court is AFFIRMED.

16                                              FOR THE COURT:
17                                              Catherine O=Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court



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