            If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
                 revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.




                           STATE OF MICHIGAN

                            COURT OF APPEALS



BANK OF AMERICA,                                                  UNPUBLISHED
                                                                  March 12, 2019
              Plaintiff,
and

BAYVIEW LOAN SERVICING LLC, successor
by assignment to BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.,

              Plaintiff-Appellant,

v                                                                 No. 342548
                                                                  Washtenaw Circuit Court
DENNIS POWERS, KLA DEVELOPMENT,                                   LC No. 14-000356-CH
INC., and FIRST MERIT BANK, N.A.,

              Defendants,
and

JEANETTE M. POWERS,

              Defendant-Appellee.


Before: METER, P.J., and SERVITTO and REDFORD, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

        In this dispute regarding a mortgage foreclosure, plaintiff Bayview Loan Servicing, LLC,
as successor by assignment to Bank of America, N.A., appeals by right from an order granting
summary disposition in favor of defendant Jeanette Powers under MCR 2.116(C)(10). We
affirm.

                                     I. BACKGROUND

       In 1998, defendant purchased the residential property at issue with a loan that was
secured by a mortgage later assigned to Bank of America. Defendant defaulted on the loan in
September 2013, and Bank of America initiated this case, seeking foreclosure of the mortgage in
April 2014. The trial court entered a default judgment of foreclosure in October 2014, which
defendant did not appeal.

         In May 2015, Bank of America and defendant entered into an agreement (the Trial Plan),
temporarily modifying the loan. Bank of America agreed to not proceed with a foreclosure sale
if defendant made payments of $1,382.62 for three months. In return, defendant would be
entitled to receive a permanent loan modification. Defendant proceeded to timely remit each of
the three scheduled payments to Bank of America, entitling her to permanent modification of the
loan. Therefore, because of plaintiff’s compliance with the Trial Plan, Bank of America
cancelled its scheduled foreclosure sale. Bank of America then assigned the mortgage to
plaintiff, which reviewed defendant for a loan modification. The permanent loan modification
was dependent upon a commitment for title insurance on the property. The commitment raised
two federal tax liens in the name of defendant’s husband as exceptions to the commitment for
title insurance.

       Taking exception to these liens, plaintiff denied the loan modification and scheduled a
foreclosure sale for December 2016. Before the scheduled sale, however, defendant obtained a
temporary restraining order from the trial court. Plaintiff then voluntarily adjourned the sale to
allow defendant time to resolve the federal tax liens. The sale was later rescheduled, before
which defendant obtained a second temporary restraining order.

        The Internal Revenue Service eventually confirmed that the two federal tax liens did not
attach to the property. Plaintiff, however, filed a motion to dissolve the second TRO, arguing
that the trial court did not have authority to issue it in the first place. Defendant then filed a
motion for summary disposition requesting reinstatement of the trial plan and preventing plaintiff
from proceeding with a foreclosure sale pursuant to the terms of the trial plan. Plaintiff failed to
appear at the hearing on the motion for summary disposition, and the trial court entered a
judgment in favor of defendant in December 2017. Plaintiff then filed a motion for
reconsideration, which the trial court denied. This appeal followed.

                                         II. ANALYSIS

        Plaintiff raises several issues on appeal. Plaintiff’s primary argument is that the trial
court improperly dismissed its complaint because the trial court did not have the authority to
modify the original loan agreement or to sua sponte grant summary disposition in defendant’s
favor. We disagree.

        MCR 2.116(I) allows a trial court to sua sponte grant summary disposition when there is
no genuine issue of material fact and the pleadings show that a party is entitled to judgment as a
matter of law. See Al-Maliki v LaGrant, 286 Mich App 483, 485; 781 NW2d 853 (2009). “The
rule does not expressly require a motion under MCR 2.116(C) in order to grant summary
disposition; nor does the rule in question expressly forbid summary disposition absent a motion
under MCR 2.116(C).” Boulton v Fenton Twp, 272 Mich App 456, 462; 726 NW2d 733 (2006).
A trial court may relieve a party from a final judgment on the ground that “it is no longer
equitable that the judgment should have prospective application” or for any “other reason
justifying relief from the operation of the judgment.” MCR 2.612(C)(1)(e), (f).


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        Following the judgment of foreclosure, plaintiff’s predecessor in interest entered into an
agreement (the Trial Plan) with defendant to permanently modify the loan, provided that
defendant made three timely payments of an adjustment amount, which she did. This permanent
modification was also contingent upon a commitment for title insurance on the property and the
only issue with the commitment was two federal tax liens in defendant’s husband’s name. The
Internal Revenue Service confirmed that each lien did not attach to the subject property, meaning
that there was no obstacle to the commitment for title insurance. Accordingly, there is no
question that plaintiff was entitled to a permanent loan modification under the Trial Plan. In
turn, this entitlement to a loan modification justified relief from the judgment of foreclosure.
Accordingly, the trial court properly granted summary disposition to defendant, relieving her of
the prior judgment of foreclosure. MCR 2.116(C)(10), (I); MCR 2.612(C)(1)(e), (f).

        Plaintiff raises several additional arguments on appeal that we need not address in any
detail. First, plaintiff argues that the trial court improperly granted the two temporary restraining
orders. Plaintiff’s challenge to the enforceability of the temporary restraining orders is moot
because those orders are no longer in effect. See Acorn Bldg Components, Inc v UAW Local
2194, 164 Mich App 358, 363; 416 NW2d 442 (1987). On appeal, plaintiff has not shown that
these expired orders continue to affect it in a way that has any practical legal effect on the
controversy at issue. See People v Richmond, 486 Mich 29, 34-35; 782 NW2d 187 (2010).
Accordingly, we decline to address plaintiff’s challenge to the two temporary restraining orders.

        Next, plaintiff argues that the trial court erred by “refusing” to rule on defendant’s show-
cause motion for a preliminary injunction. “The objective of a preliminary injunction is to
maintain the status quo pending a final hearing regarding the parties’ rights.” Alliance for
Mentally Ill of Mich v Dep’t of Community Health, 231 Mich App 647, 655-656; 588 NW2d 133
(1998). Thus, the trial court’s grant of summary disposition in defendant’s favor—which we
now affirm on appeal—renders moot any dispute over the appropriateness of a preliminary
injunction. Id. at 656.

        Finally, plaintiff argues that the trial court erred by denying its motion for
reconsideration. Plaintiff, however, has abandoned this issue by failing to address it
substantively in its appellate brief. Riemer v Johnson, 311 Mich App 632, 653; 876 NW2d 279
(2015). In any event, our conclusion that the trial court properly granted summary disposition to
defendant precludes plaintiff from establishing that “the trial court made a palpable error and a
different disposition would result from correction of the error.” Huntington Nat’l Bank v Daniel
J Aronoff Living Trust, 305 Mich App 496, 516; 853 NW2d 481 (2014).

       Affirmed.



                                                              /s/ Patrick M. Meter
                                                              /s/ Deborah A. Servitto
                                                              /s/ James Robert Redford




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