                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        MAR 5 2018
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

In re: HELLER EHRMAN LLP,                       No.    16-15385

             Debtor,                            D.C. No. 3:14-cv-03887-CRB
______________________________

PARAVUE CORPORATION,                            MEMORANDUM*

                Plaintiff-Appellant,

 v.

HELLER EHRMAN LLP,

                Defendant-Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Northern District of California
                   Charles R. Breyer, District Judge, Presiding

                    Argued and Submitted September 14, 2017
                            San Francisco, California

Before: GOULD and WATFORD, Circuit Judges, and SANDS,** District Judge.

      Paravue Corporation (“Paravue”) appeals from the district court’s order



      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
            The Honorable W. Louis Sands, United States District Judge for the
Middle District of Georgia, sitting by designation.
affirming the bankruptcy court’s grant of summary judgment for Heller Ehrman,

LLP (“Heller”). Paravue argues the bankruptcy court erred in finding Paravue’s

claim for legal malpractice was barred by California’s one-year statute of

limitations. We agree and reverse.1

      We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 158(d). We review de novo a

bankruptcy court’s grant of summary judgment. Gladstone v. U.S. Bancorp, 811

F.3d 1133, 1138 (9th Cir. 2016). We view the evidence in the light most favorable

to the non-moving party and determine whether there are any genuine issues of

material fact and whether the bankruptcy court correctly applied substantive law.

Id.

      California’s continuing representation rule provides that a claim for legal

malpractice is tolled so long as “[t]he attorney continues to represent the plaintiff

regarding the specific subject matter in which the alleged wrongful act or omission

occurred.” Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 340.6(a)(2) (Deering 2010). However, § 340.6

does not expressly state a standard to determine when an attorney’s representation

of a client regarding a specific subject matter has ended. Gonzalez v. Kalu, 43 Cal.

Rptr. 3d 866, 870 (Ct. App. 2006). In Gonzalez, the California Court of Appeal

held that “in the event of an attorney’s unilateral withdrawal or abandonment of the


1
  Heller’s Motion to Strike is GRANTED. Accordingly, the submissions are
STRICKEN from the record in this case. However, Heller’s Motion for Sanctions
is DENIED.

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client, the representation ends when the client actually has or reasonably should

have no expectation that the attorney will provide further legal services.” Id. at

872. “[C]ontinuous representation should be viewed objectively from the client’s

perspective.” Id. at 873. However, “[w]hether the client actually and reasonably

believed that the attorney would provide further legal services regarding a specific

subject matter is predominantly a question of fact for the trier of fact.” Id. The

court further stated that the determination of whether the relationship terminated

may be decided as a question of law “if the undisputed facts can support only one

conclusion.” Id. (citing Jordache Enterprises, Inc. v. Brobeck, Phleger &

Harrison, 958 P.2d 1062, 1071 (Cal. 1998)).

      Using the standard articulated in Gonzalez, the bankruptcy court found that

an email thread from July 3, 2007 to July 7, 2007 between Dr. Barghout and a

Heller attorney had conclusively terminated Heller’s representation of Paravue as a

matter of law. We believe this case involves a fundamental application of the

principles concerning the continuing representation rule in the context of summary

judgment. We find that the evidence in the record creates genuine issues of

material fact and, therefore, the bankruptcy court erred in granting summary

judgment. Viewing the emails in the light most favorable to Paravue, we find the

emails do not irrefutably terminate the attorney-client relationship in this case.

Genuine issues of material fact exist as to whether Heller’s substantive


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representation of Paravue terminated with the email thread. Further, a reasonable

fact-finder could conclude that Heller’s representation had not terminated by July

11, 2007.

      On May 10, 2007, Acuity sued Paravue and Dr. Barghout. On June 27, 2007,

Acuity demanded Paravue assemble its assets for public sale. On July 3, 2007, and

through the course of several days and various emails, Dr. Barghout and her

personal counsel demanded Heller take action to prevent the sale. An attorney for

Heller responded that Heller was unable to and would not act at Dr. Barghout’s

direction. The attorney further stated to Dr. Barghout that she lacked authority to

speak for Paravue and that the attorney expected Heller would seek to withdraw as

early as the following week.

      On July 10, 2007, Heller notified counsel for Dr. Barghout that Heller was

moving to withdraw. Paravue’s director and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) had

resigned effective July 9, 2007, leaving Dr. Barghout as the sole remaining director

of Paravue. After Dr. Barghout learned of the CEO’s resignation, she appointed

herself CEO, effective immediately. On July 10, 2007, Heller also emailed Dr.

Barghout and her counsel requesting immediate consent to withdraw.

      On July 11, 2007, Heller notified Dr. Barghout and her counsel that it would

appear before the court for an ex parte hearing on its application to withdraw as

counsel for Paravue and requested that they provide notice of any opposition. In


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response, Dr. Barghout’s counsel requested information concerning Heller’s fees

and stock as a condition of withdrawal.2 Heller was not willing to provide the

information or refund a portion of its fees.

      Dr. Barghout alleges that on July 13, 2007, with the advice of Heller,3 she

appointed a director to the Board of Directors and the Board then confirmed her as

CEO. The Parties dispute when Dr. Barghout’s role as CEO became effective and

what authority she had prior to being confirmed by the Board. Heller’s application

to withdraw as counsel for Paravue was granted on July 17, 2007.

      Though not a complete recitation of all the pertinent evidence, the facts

noted clearly establish that numerous genuine issues of material fact exist as to

whether Heller’s relationship with Paravue ended with the email thread, as found

by the bankruptcy court. Paravue argues that the bankruptcy court conflated Dr.

Barghout with Paravue, the corporation. We agree. It appears the bankruptcy court

viewed the facts from the perspective of Heller, the attorney, and as though Dr.

Barghout was the client, not Paravue. The evidence does not show that Paravue,



2
  The basis on which Dr. Barghout withheld consent to withdraw, i.e., the
disgorgement of fees, was deemed improper by the bankruptcy court.
3
  We note that this fact was not raised below before either the bankruptcy court or
the district court. We also note that Paravue’s citation to the record does not
support their assertion that Dr. Barghout’s confirmation was done with the
assistance of Heller. Therefore, we decline to include this assertion in our review.
Nonetheless, it does appear that Dr. Barghout officially became CEO on July 13,
2007.

                                          5                                   16-15385
the client, “actually and reasonably believed” that Heller would provide no further

legal services. Gonzalez, 43 Cal. Rptr. 3d at 873.

       In GoTek Energy v. SoCal IP Law Group, LLP, 208 Cal. Rptr. 3d 428 (Ct.

App. 2016), a law firm emailed its client, a corporation, on November 7, stating

that it “must withdraw” and “[c]onsequently, the firm’s attorney-client relationship

with [client] is terminated forthwith, and we no longer represent [it] with regard to

any matters.” Id. at 431. The next day on November 8, the client responded by

letter stating that the firm should make all necessary preparations to deliver its files

to other counsel and thanked the firm for its services. Id. On November 15, the law

firm sent a letter confirming that the attorney-client relationship was terminated

and that it was transferring all files to designated counsel. Id. The client’s CEO

testified that he believed the relationship terminated on November 15. Id. The

California Court of Appeal held that the law firm had unilaterally withdrawn

without client consent and the firm’s representation had ended on November 7, the

date of the initial email. Id. at 433.

       Here, however, the emails were not directed to the CEO or any other officer

of Paravue that Heller believed at the time was authorized to act for the

corporation.4 Heller sent the emails to Dr. Barghout and her personal attorney,


4
  California Rules of Professional Conduct (“CRPC”) state that a lawyer who
represents an organization or entity, including a corporation, is counsel for the
organization itself, acting through its highest officer, employee, body or constituent

                                           6                                     16-15385
Russo. Dr. Barghout was then only the Chief Science Officer and one of two

directors for Paravue, and there is no evidence that her personal attorney was

counsel for Paravue or authorized to act for the corporation. During the course of

the email thread from July 3 to July 7, Mr. Hootnick was still CEO of Paravue. At

that time, Heller by its own statement believed Dr. Barghout had no authority to

instruct the law firm. When asked by Dr. Barghout to take legal action on behalf of

Paravue, the Heller attorney refused to do so and asserted Dr. Barghout had no

authority to direct Heller on behalf of Paravue. Therefore, the bankruptcy court

incorrectly concluded that there was no genuine issue of material fact as to whether

these emails provided sufficient notice to Paravue, a corporation, that Heller was

terminating the attorney-client relationship.

      Rather than simply identify the relevant evidence and determine whether

they created a genuine issue of material fact, the bankruptcy court improperly

weighed the evidence and implicitly made credibility determinations to conclude

that no genuine issue of material fact existed as to the meaning and effect of the

emails. Accordingly, the bankruptcy court erred in granting summary judgment on

Claim 1019 because there are genuine issues of material fact regarding whether the

attorney-client relationship terminated with the email thread, whether the



overseeing the particular engagement. CRPC 3-600(A); La Jolle Cove Motel &
Hotel Apts., Inc. v. Superior Court, 17 Cal. Rptr. 3d 467, 475 (Ct. App. 2004).

                                          7                                   16-15385
relationship continued thereafter and, if so, for how long.

      REVERSED and REMANDED.




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