Opinion filed February 14, 2019




                                        In The


        Eleventh Court of Appeals
                                     __________

                                  No. 11-18-00199-CV
                                      __________

                  IN THE INTEREST OF E.F., A CHILD


                     On Appeal from the 326th District Court
                               Taylor County, Texas
                         Trial Court Cause No. 8444-CX


                      MEMORANDUM O PI NI O N
      This is an appeal from an order in which the trial court terminated the parental
rights of the mother and father of E.F. Both parents appeal. On appeal, each parent
presents three issues challenging the sufficiency of the evidence to support the trial
court’s findings in support of termination. We affirm.
                        Termination Findings and Standards
      The termination of parental rights must be supported by clear and convincing
evidence. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(b) (West Supp. 2018). To determine if
the evidence is legally sufficient in a parental termination case, we review all of the
evidence in the light most favorable to the finding and determine whether a rational
trier of fact could have formed a firm belief or conviction that its finding was true.
In re J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d 570, 573 (Tex. 2005). To determine if the evidence is
factually sufficient, we give due deference to the finding and determine whether, on
the entire record, a factfinder could reasonably form a firm belief or conviction about
the truth of the allegations against the parent. In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 25–26 (Tex.
2002). To terminate parental rights, it must be shown by clear and convincing
evidence that the parent has           committed     one of the acts         listed   in
Section 161.001(b)(1)(A)–(U) and that termination is in the best interest of the child.
FAM. § 161.001(b).
       In this case, the trial court found that both parents had committed three of the
acts listed in Section 161.001(b)(1)—those found in subsections (D), (E), and (O).
Specifically, the trial court found that the parents had knowingly placed or
knowingly allowed the child to remain in conditions or surroundings that endangered
the child’s physical or emotional well-being; that the parents had engaged in conduct
or knowingly placed the child with persons who engaged in conduct that endangered
the child’s physical or emotional well-being; and that the parents had failed to
comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically established the actions
necessary for them to obtain the return of the child, who had been in the managing
conservatorship of the Department of Family and Protective Services for not less
than nine months as a result of the child’s removal from the parents for abuse or
neglect.   The trial court also found, pursuant to Section 161.001(b)(2), that
termination of each parent’s parental rights would be in the best interest of the child.
On appeal, neither parent challenges the best interest finding, but both parents
challenge the findings made by the trial court pursuant to subsections (D), (E), and
(O).




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                                 Background Facts
      The record shows that the Department first became involved with the child,
E.F., in 2016 when she was approximately nine months old. At that time, the
Department received a report that the mother was using drugs. The Department
investigated the report, and a family-based safety plan was put into place. As part
of this FBSS plan, the child went to live with an aunt. The parents later moved in
with the aunt too. Approximately three months after the FBSS plan had been put
into place, and during a visit to the aunt’s house, the FBSS caseworker asked the
mother to take a drug test. The mother submitted to an instant drug screen and then
admitted to the caseworker that she had used methamphetamine.
      During a subsequent visit, additional concerns arose regarding the mother’s
continued illegal drug use, the father supplying the mother with drugs, the father’s
drinking problem, and the sale of drugs from the house in which the family was
living. We note that the father was the person who informed the FBSS caseworker
that drugs were being sold from the house. The FBSS caseworker was also
concerned about the negligent care that the child was receiving. The child had
eczema “all over her little body,” and neither the aunt nor the parents had been
applying medication as prescribed by the child’s doctor for that condition. The child
was removed at that time and placed in foster care.
      The Department subsequently attempted two monitored returns, but both
failed. The first monitored return ended after the mother called the conservatorship
caseworker and reported that the father “was drunk” and “was breaking stuff.”
During the call, the caseworker could hear the father “yelling in the background,”
and the mother “sounded very fearful.” E.F. was visiting the foster parents at the
time, but a six-year-old child was in their home at the time. The day before this
phone call, the caseworker had been to the family’s home and found both parents to
be under the influence of alcohol or drugs while caring for E.F. Both parents acted
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“[v]ery erratic” during the visit. The home had a strong odor of alcohol; there were
trash cans full of empty beer cans; and a can of beer was on the floor within E.F.’s
reach. E.F. was two years old.
      The second monitored return ended for similar reasons. One evening when
the caseworker went to visit the home, the father was there with E.F. The father
appeared to be “under the influence” based on his behavior and slurred speech.
Again, the home smelled of alcohol. The father told the caseworker that the mother
had been at a known drug house all day and that E.F. had also been at the drug house
that day. The father also told the caseworker that he had taken E.F. to that house
and, in E.F.’s presence, punched a man with whom he thought the mother was
“cheating on him.” The police were dispatched to a possible fight in progress about
3:00 p.m. that day. By the time police arrived, the father had left with E.F.
Officer Courtney Bailey testified that the mother was angry, belligerent, and highly
intoxicated and that the mother was arrested that day for public intoxication because
she was a danger to herself and others.
      Additionally, the parents failed to take E.F. to ECI (early childhood
intervention) appointments and to daycare as they had agreed to do during the second
monitored return. E.F. missed “more and more days” as the monitored return
progressed.
      The parents did not comply with all of the Department’s requests that the
parents submit to drug tests. Testimony indicated that the father continued to abuse
alcohol on a regular basis and that the mother continued to abuse drugs. The director
of E.F.’s daycare testified that she was concerned for the child’s well-being based
upon an incident in which the father had picked up E.F. from daycare. The father
appeared to be “under the influence of something”; he was stumbling or tripping as
he walked away with E.F. A neighbor also testified about her concerns for E.F.’s
safety because the parents drink frequently and sometimes “smack” the child. The
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neighbor had witnessed both parents “smack” the child in the face, on the arm, and
on the top part of her leg. The neighbor also had a concern about domestic violence
between the parents.
      Evidence was also introduced regarding the Department’s plans for E.F.; the
improvement in her behavior, her speech, and her personality while with the foster
parents as opposed to the parents; the foster parents’ bond with and love for E.F.;
and the child’s best interest.
                                       Analysis
      In their second issue on appeal, each parent challenges the sufficiency of the
evidence to support the finding made by the trial court pursuant to subsection (E) of
Section 161.001(b)(1).     Under subsection (E), the relevant inquiry is whether
evidence exists that the endangerment of the child’s well-being was the direct result
of the parent’s conduct, including acts, omissions, or failures to act. In re D.O., 338
S.W.3d 29, 33 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2011, no pet.). Additionally, termination under
subsection (E) must be based on more than a single act or omission; a voluntary,
deliberate, and conscious course of conduct by the parent is required. In re D.T., 34
S.W.3d 625, 634 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2000, pet. denied); In re K.M.M., 993
S.W.2d 225, 228 (Tex. App.—Eastland 1999, no pet.). The offending conduct does
not need to be directed at the child, nor does the child actually have to suffer an
injury. In re J.O.A., 283 S.W.3d 336, 345 (Tex. 2009). Drug use may constitute
evidence of endangerment. Id.
      Here, the record contains clear and convincing evidence that both parents had
engaged in alcohol and/or drug use while the child was in their care—to a point that
endangered the child—and that the parents continued to engage in that behavior
while this case was pending. The trial court could reasonably have formed a firm
belief or conviction that each parent’s actions—a continued course of conduct that
included the mother’s methamphetamine use, domestic violence between the
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parents, and both parents’ abuse of alcohol—had endangered the child. The evidence
supports the trial court’s findings that the mother and the father endangered the
child’s physical or emotional well-being. Consequently, we hold that the evidence
is legally and factually sufficient to support the trial court’s finding as to each parent
under Section 161.001(b)(1)(E). We overrule each parent’s second issue on appeal.
        Because a finding that a parent committed one of the acts listed in
Section 161.001(b)(1)(A)–(U) is all that is required and because we have held that
the evidence is sufficient to support the trial court’s findings under subsection (E),
we need not address the mother’s or the father’s first and third issues in which they
challenge the findings made pursuant to subsections (D) and (O). See TEX. R.
APP. P. 47.1.
                                         This Court’s Ruling
        We affirm the trial court’s order of termination.




                                                                   JOHN M. BAILEY
                                                                   CHIEF JUSTICE


February 14, 2019
Panel consists of: Bailey, C.J.,
Stretcher, J., and Wright, S.C.J.1

Willson, J., not participating.




        1
          Jim R. Wright, Senior Chief Justice (Retired), Court of Appeals, 11th District of Texas at Eastland,
sitting by assignment.

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