                                           Slip Op. 18-

                 UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE


 CP KELCO US, INC.,
                              Plaintiff,
                                                        Before: Richard W. Goldberg, Senior Judge
 v.                                                     Consol. Court No. 13-00288
 UNITED STATES,
                              Defendant,

 and

 NEIMENGGU FUFENG
 BIOTECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. and
 SHANDONG FUFENG FERMENTATION,
 CO., LTD.,
               Defendant-Intervenors.


                                            OPINION
[Remanding the Department of Commerce’s remand redetermination.]

                                                                           Dated: $SULO
       Matthew L. Kanna, Arent Fox LLP, of Washington, D.C., for plaintiff.

       Alexander O. Canizares, Trial Attorney, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division,
U.S. Department of Justice, of Washington, D.C., for defendant. With him on the brief were
Chad A. Readler, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Jeanne E. Davidson, Director,
and Patricia M. McCarthy, Assistant Director. Of counsel on the brief was Brandon J. Custard,
Office of the Chief Counsel for Trade Enforcement and Compliance, U.S. Department of
Commerce, of Washington, D.C.

       Andrew T. Schutz, Ned H. Marshak, Dharmendra Choudhary, and Brandon Petelin,
Grunfeld, Desiderio, Lebowitz, Silverman & Klestadt LLP, of Washington, D.C., for defendant-
intervenors.

       Goldberg, Senior Judge: This matter returns to the court following a third remand of the

final determination of the U.S. Department of Commerce (“Commerce” or “the Department”) in

its antidumping investigation of xanthan gum from the People’s Republic of China. Xanthan
Consol. Court No. 13-00288                                                                   Page 2


Gum from the People’s Republic of China, 78 Fed. Reg. 33,351 (Dep’t Commerce June 4, 2013)

(final determ.) (“Final Determination”) and accompanying Issues & Decision Mem. (“I&D

Mem.”); Xanthan Gum from the People’s Republic of China, 78 Fed. Reg. 43,143 (Dep’t

Commerce July 19, 2013) (am. final determ.). The three prior opinions of this court more

thoroughly set forth the facts underlying this appeal. CP Kelco US, Inc. v. United States, Slip

Op. 15-27, 2015 WL 1544714 (CIT Mar. 31, 2015) (“CP Kelco I”); CP Kelco US, Inc. v. United

States, Slip Op. 16-36, 2016 WL 1403657 (CIT Apr. 8, 2016) (“CP Kelco II”); CP Kelco US,

Inc. v. United States, 41 CIT __, 211 F. Supp. 3d 1338 (2017) (“CP Kelco III”). The court

presumes familiarity with those opinions and repeats only the facts critical to the disposition of

this case. For reasons discussed below, the court again remands to Commerce.

                                        BACKGROUND

       In its Final Determination, Commerce concluded that the Thai Ajinomoto financial

statements constituted a better source for calculating surrogate financial ratios than the Thai

Fermentation financial statements. I&D Mem. cmt. 2. Commerce first disregarded the Thai

Fermentation statements on the basis that the record did not contain a full English translation,

without making a finding that the untranslated portions were “vital” to Commerce’s calculations.

Id. Commerce then selected the only remaining statements, those of Thai Ajinomoto, despite the

fact that the Thai Ajinomoto statements “show evidence of the receipt of countervailable

subsidies.” Id. Defendant-Intervenors Neimenggu Fufeng Biotechnologies, Co., Ltd. and

Shandong Fufeng Fermentation Co., Ltd. (collectively, “Fufeng”) challenged this determination,

arguing that Commerce failed to properly justify its disregard of the Thai Fermentation

statements. Def.-Intervenor Rule 56.2 Mot. for J. on the Agency R. 13–22, ECF No. 28 (Mar. 7,
Consol. Court No. 13-00288                                                                   Page 3


2014). The court agreed, remanding for Commerce to provide a more robust explanation for its

choice of financial statements. CP Kelco I, 2015 WL 1544714, at *7.

       Commerce then submitted its Final Results of Redetermination Pursuant to Court

Remand, ECF No. 83 (July 28, 2015) (“First Remand Results”). Commerce again chose the

Thai Ajinomoto statements over the Thai Fermentation statements, justifying its selection by

explaining the issues presented by the incompleteness of financial statements generally. Id. at

10–12. However, the court again remanded the issue, finding that Commerce still gave short

shrift to the issues presented by the countervailable subsidies reflected in the Thai Ajinomoto

statements. CP Kelco II, 2016 WL 1403657, at *5.

       The court presented Commerce with three paths it could take in order to render a

potentially reasoned and supported decision. Commerce could “compare the Thai Ajinomoto

and Thai Fermentation financial statements side by side in an evenhanded manner, evaluating the

relative strengths and weaknesses of each.” Id.. As an alternative, in accordance with past

practice, Commerce could “find that the Thai Fermentation statements are missing ‘vital

information,’” should the record support such a finding. Id. at *5 n.5. Finally, the court stated

that “[a]nother prospective alternative would be for Commerce to put its resources towards

explaining a change in its practice, from rejecting statements when they are missing vital

information (and, outside of this practice, occasionally one-off rejecting statements that are

incomplete) to invariably rejecting any incomplete statements.” Id.

       Commerce, as it did in its Final Determination and in its First Remand Results, again

found that the Thai Ajinomoto statements are the better surrogate financial ratio source. Final

Results of Redetermination Pursuant to Ct. Order 8, ECF No. 109 (Aug. 22, 2016) (“Second

Remand Results”). Commerce based its determination on what it described as a new practice of
Consol. Court No. 13-00288                                                                        Page 4


“rejecting from use financial statements that are incomplete . . . unless there are no other

financial statements left on the record.” Id. at 7.

       The court again remanded, explaining that “the practice Commerce advance[d] [was] not

reasonable and that it result[ed] in an unsupported determination.” CP Kelco III, 41 CIT at __,

211 F. Supp. 3d at 1340. The court gave Commerce the option of doing a faithful comparison of

the two statements or of making a “fact-sensitive finding” that the untranslated information in the

Thai Fermentation statements was “vital,” such that Commerce could not discern the reliability

of those statements. Id., 41 CIT at __, 211 F. Supp. 3d at 1345.

       Commerce opted for the second alternative, explaining that “Thai Fermentation’s

financial statements are missing complete translations for two paragraphs of the property plant

and equipment (i.e., fixed asset) footnote” which are central to calculating depreciation expense.

Final Results of Third Redetermination Pursuant to Ct. Order 7, ECF No. 157 (Sept. 18, 2017)

(“Third Remand Results”). Commerce further explained that:

       in the instant proceeding, depreciation expense comprises . . . a majority of the
       overhead costs for Thai Fermentation. [And] by virtue of comprising all or most
       of a company’s overhead costs, depreciation expense is an integral component of
       the denominator of the selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense and
       profit ratios. Thus, depreciation can significantly impact the surrogate financial
       ratios . . . .

Third Remand Results at 8 (footnotes omitted). Commerce further provided that “the narrative

portions of a company’s footnotes can provide vital information regarding asset impairments,

changes in useful lives of fixed assets, revaluations of fixed assets and the capitalization of

production costs, among other things that are not shown on the numeric fixed asset schedule.”

Id. at 10. To illustrate the kind of “vital” information that could be lurking within the two

untranslated paragraphs of a footnote in the Thai Fermentation financial statements, Commerce

cited to prior proceedings in which the Department adjusted reported depreciation figures. Id. at
Consol. Court No. 13-00288                                                                   Page 5


9 (citing Certain Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bars from Turkey, 71 Fed. Reg. 65,082 (Dep’t

Commerce Nov. 7, 2006) and accompanying Issues & Decision Mem. cmt. 4; Certain Preserved

Mushrooms from India, 66 Fed. Reg. 42,507 (Dep’t Commerce Aug. 13, 2001) (final results) and

accompanying Issues & Decision Mem. cmt. 7; Certain Cut-To-Length Carbon-Quality Steel

Plate Products from Korea, 64 Fed. Reg. 73,196, 73,205 (Dep’t Commerce Dec. 29, 1999) (final

determ.)).

                      JURISDICTION AND STANDARD OF REVIEW

       The court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c). The court must sustain

Commerce’s remand redetermination if it is supported by substantial record evidence, is

otherwise in accordance with law, and is consistent with the court’s remand order. See Ad Hoc

Shrimp Trade Action Comm. v. United States, 38 CIT __, __, 992 F. Supp. 2d 1285, 1290 (2014);

see also 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(b)(1)(B)(i). “The ‘substantial evidence’ standard of review can be

roughly translated to mean ‘is the determination unreasonable?’” Thai Plastic Bags Indus. Co. v.

United States, 37 CIT __, __, 904 F. Supp. 2d 1326, 1329 (2013) (citing Nippon Steel Corp. v.

United States, 458 F.3d 1345, 1351 (Fed. Cir. 2006).

                                          DISCUSSION

       Unlike the prior proceedings cited by Commerce, here the Department has not identified

a particular depreciation methodology, class of fixed assets, or statement by the auditor in the

Thai Fermentation statements that is questionable or unreliable. 1 The 28-page Thai

Fermentation financial statements provided to Commerce have full English translations with the




       1
          See, e.g., Certain Cut-To-Length Carbon-Quality Steel Plate Products from Korea, 64
Fed. Reg. at 73,206 (making adjustments to the reported depreciation expense because
respondent had recently “departed from its historical useful life policy by aggressively extending
asset lives, which resulted in a dramatic reduction in depreciation expenses.”).
Consol. Court No. 13-00288                                                                    Page 6


exception of two paragraphs in a footnote concerning fixed assets. App. to Fufeng’s Rule 56.2

Mot. for J., ECF No. 35 at 80–102 (Mar. 13, 2014). There is no allegation that this minor

oversight was intentional. Potentially mitigating the deficiency, there are full translations of

notes explaining the methodology for depreciating fixed assets. Id. at 86–89 (Notes to Financial

Statements 2.3, 2.5, and 3.6). Ultimately, while Commerce demonstrates that the Thai

Fermentation statements might be more reliable with a complete translation of footnote 12,

Commerce has not made the case that the statements are unreliable, warranting their wholesale

rejection. By contrast, the Thai Ajinomoto financial statements selected by Commerce are in

fact, as opposed to hypothetically, unreliable, due to evidence of countervailable subsidies. See

I&D Mem. cmt. 2.

       Commerce’s general discussion about depreciation does not comply with the court’s

instruction to make “a fact-sensitive finding that the Thai Fermentation statements are missing

‘vital’ information.” See CP Kelco III, 41 CIT at __, 211 F. Supp. 3d at 1345. Of course, the

court understands that it is difficult for Commerce to explain the significance of information it

does not have. Therefore, on a record containing reliable alternative data, Commerce might

reasonably reject financial statements because those statements are missing narrative information

concerning depreciation. But Commerce must use the “best available information” on this

record. 19 U.S.C. § 1677b(c)(1).

       To be sure, “[t]he Court’s role . . . is not to evaluate whether the information Commerce

used was the best available, but rather whether a reasonable mind could conclude that Commerce

chose the best available information.” Catfish Farmers of Am. v. United States, 33 CIT 1258,

1273, 641 F. Supp. 2d 1362, 1377 (2009) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).

Commerce has the discretion to choose from among reasonable alternative determinations and
Consol. Court No. 13-00288                                                                  Page 7


the court will not supplant the Department’s discretion with its own. However, the court does

not find that the record supports more than one reasonable result. As long as the Thai

Fermentation statements remain untranslated, any deficiency in those statements is too

speculative and insignificant, when compared to that of the Thai Ajinomoto statements. At

bottom, the record does not contain substantial evidence supporting Commerce’s decision to

discard the Thai Fermentation statements from this particular record. 2

       Moreover, “the methodology used by Commerce” to select financial statements is not

reasonably calculated to “establish[] the antidumping margins as accurately as possible.” See

Shakeproof Assembly Components, Div. of Ill. Tool Works, Inc. v. United States, 268 F.3d 1376,

1382 (Fed. Cir. 2001). Commerce admits that it has a “general practice [] to disregard financial

statements that show that a company has received countervailable subsidies” when the record

contains “other sufficiently reliable and representative data.” I&D Mem. cmt. 2. Therefore,

Commerce could have disregarded the Thai Ajinomoto financial statements because of the

countervailable subsidies, leaving the Thai Fermentation statements as the only “sufficiently

reliable” statements on the record. 3 Instead, the Department invoked the identical practice for



       2
          Fufeng insists that Commerce’s position is also inconsistent with its general practice to
not “go behind the numbers” of financial statements prior to using those statements for surrogate
values. Fufeng Comments on Third Redetermination 14, ECF No. 159 (citing Multilayered
Wood Flooring from China, 76 Fed. Reg. 64,318 (Dep’t Commerce Oct. 18, 2011) (final
determ.)). However, Commerce is not seeking to go “behind,” i.e. outside, the Thai
Fermentation financial statements. Rather, consistent with practice, Commerce seeks
information within the statements it insists may call into question the reliability of other
information in those same statements. Cf. Tapered Roller Bearings and Parts Thereof, Finished
and Unfinished, from China, 76 Fed. Reg. 3,086 (Dep’t Commerce Jan. 19, 2011) (final results)
and accompanying Issues & Decision Mem. cmt. 16 (“[T]he Department will only seek
information from within the surrogate financial statements in determining the appropriateness of
including an item in the financial ratio calculation, and will not go ‘behind’ the statement.”).
        3
          Indeed, the Department has previously found incomplete data to be sufficiently reliable.
See, e.g., Ass’n of Am. Sch. Paper Suppliers v. Unites States, 35 CIT __, __, 791 F. Supp. 2d
1292, 1299 (2011).
Consol. Court No. 13-00288                                                                        Page 8


incomplete statements. This leaves the court with the distinct impression that Commerce has

created an arsenal of “practices” that allow it to the craft the record to fit a pre-determined

outcome. The court will not sanction this.

       Unlike proceedings where entire sections, pages, or auditors’ reports are actually missing

from financial statements, 4 any mystery surrounding the Thai Fermentation statements is

essentially of the Department’s own making. Here, Commerce is—and has always been—in

possession of the “missing” information, a mere ten lines of text in a 28-page document.

Moreover, Commerce has had many opportunities to solicit a translation of the paragraphs or to

translate the paragraphs itself, as it has done before. See, e.g., Diamond Sawblades and Parts

Thereof from China, 81 Fed. Reg. 38,673 (Dep’t Commerce June 14, 2016) (final results) and

accompanying Issues & Decision Mem. cmt 14. Instead, Commerce has inexplicably dedicated

significant resources to avoid this common sense course of action, with disingenuous reference

to deadlines and closed records. 5

       In light of the embarrassingly lengthy history of this case, the court will not provide the

Department any further room to maneuver. Unfortunately, the court has no reasonable

expectation that Commerce would provide an even-handed analysis of the available data on the

record if given the opportunity, again, to exercise its discretion. Therefore, on remand, the




       4
           See, e.g., Mid Continent Steel & Wire, Inc. v. United States, 41 CIT __, __, 203 F. Supp.
3d 1295, 1313 (2017) (finding that substantial evidence supported Commerce’s decision to
summarily discard financial statements that left untranslated the audit report, several financial
statements, and all but one footnote).
         5
           The court suspects that the parties know the content of the untranslated text, so
Commerce’s unwillingness to place a translation on the record speaks volumes. If the translated
text in fact rendered Thai Fermentation’s reported depreciation figures unreliable, the
Department likely would have exercised its broad discretion to re-open and supplement the
record.
Consol. Court No. 13-00288                                                                   Page 9


Department is free to either translate the two paragraphs or leave them as is. Regardless,

Commerce must use the Thai Fermentation statements to calculate surrogate financial ratios.

                                CONCLUSION AND ORDER

       For the reasons discussed above, the court again remands Commerce’s selection of the

Thai Ajinomoto financial statements over the Thai Fermentation financial statements.

       Upon consideration of all papers and proceedings herein, it is hereby:

       ORDERED that the Third Remand Results are remanded to Commerce for
redetermination in accordance with this Opinion and Order; it is further

       ORDERED that Commerce must issue a redetermination in accordance with this
Opinion and Order that is in all respects supported by substantial evidence, in accordance with
law, and supported by adequate reasoning; it is further

         ORDERED that Commerce shall recalculate Fufeng’s weighted-average dumping
margins using surrogate financial ratios derived from the Thai Fermentation financial statements;
it is further

         ORDERED that Commerce shall have ninety (90) days from the date of this Opinion and
Order in which to file its remand redetermination, which shall comply with all directives in this
Opinion and Order; that the Plaintiff and Defendant-Intervenor shall have thirty (30) days from
the filing of the Remand Redetermination in which to file comments thereon; and that the
Defendant shall have thirty (30) days from the filing of Plaintiff and Defendant-Intervenor’s
comments to file comments.


                                                                         /s/ Richard W. Goldberg
                                                                             Richard W. Goldberg
                                                                                     Senior Judge

Dated: $SULO
New York, New York
