                  NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
                             File Name: 13a0053n.06

                                            No. 11-4355

                            UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                 FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
                                                                                         FILED
PATRICK MURRAY,                                           )                          Jan 10, 2013
                                                          )                    DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk
          Plaintiff-Appellant,                            )
                                                          )
v.                                                        )   On Appeal from the United States
                                                          )   District Court for the Northern
CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS, INC.,                           )   District of Ohio
                                                          )
          Defendant-Appellee.                             )




Before:          MARTIN and BOGGS, Circuit Judges; and COLLIER, Chief District Judge.*

          BOGGS, Circuit Judge. Patrick Murray, a former financial advisor for Smith Barney, appeals

the decision of the district court for the Northern District of Ohio denying his motion to vacate or

modify an arbitration award in favor of Citigroup Global Markets, Inc., the former parent of Smith

Barney and a current stakeholder in Morgan Stanley Smith Barney, LLC. Murray raises three basic

issues with the arbitration panel’s decision: (1) the panel exceeded its authority by issuing an award

in contradiction of the plain language of his contract with Citigroup; (2) the panel exceeded its

authority by issuing an award beyond the scope of the various arbitration agreements that he signed;

and (3) the panel acted in manifest disregard of the law. Murray did not challenge the scope of the

arbitration panel’s authority in the district court, and his first two arguments are accordingly



          *
        The Honorable Curtis L. Collier of the United States District Court for the Northern District
of Tennessee, sitting by designation.
No. 11-4355
Murray v. Citigroup Global Mkts., Inc.

forfeited. Murray additionally failed to request a reasoned award from the panel, a failure that

automatically dooms his manifest-disregard argument. We affirm the district court.

                                                  I

       The district court’s opinion detailed the facts giving rise to this matter. Citigroup demanded

payment of the balance of a forgivable loan upon Murray’s early departure from the company.

Murray responded by suing Citigroup in Ohio state court. Citigroup removed the action to the

United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio and moved to compel arbitration. The

Financial Industry Regulatory Authority oversaw the arbitration and eventually awarded Citigroup

$40,153 plus 10% interest—a far cry from the $167,600.11 it had initially demanded. The FINRA

panel also awarded Murray $25,705.95 to compensate him for counterclaims against his former

employer.

       Dissatisfied, Murray moved the district court to vacate the award. He challenged the award

on a number of grounds, many of which were summarily dismissed as providing no basis for relief.

The district court found only one valid basis for review, a claim of manifest disregard of the law by

the arbitrators, which the court denied as an “arduous” attempt to relitigate facts as opposed to law.

Murray filed a timely appeal with this court.

                                                  II

       Murray raises three issues on appeal. He first argues that the arbitration panel exceeded its

authority by issuing an award in contradiction of the plain language of his loan agreement with

Citigroup. Murray did not challenge the scope of the arbitrators’ authority in the lower court.

Rather, much like his brief before this court, Murray’s motion to vacate is a 26-page screed on Ohio

                                                 -2-
No. 11-4355
Murray v. Citigroup Global Mkts., Inc.

contract law that seeks to establish a manifest disregard of the law.1 His first argument is

accordingly forfeited. Jolivette v. Husted, 694 F.3d 760, 770 (6th Cir. 2012) (“As a rule, we will not

review issues if they are raised for the first time on appeal.”). So too is Murray’s second argument

that the arbitration panel exceeded its authority by issuing an award beyond the scope of the

numerous arbitration agreements that he signed with Citigroup.

        This leaves Murray’s third and final claim for our review: manifest disregard of the law by

the arbitration panel. While Murray did raise this claim below, it too meets a summary fate for the

simple fact that Murray failed to request a reasoned award from the arbitration panel. Arbitration,

by its very nature, restricts traditional legal review, and we will not vacate an arbitration decision for

a manifest disregard of the law unless the complaining party shows that the decision flies in the face

of established legal precedent. Dawahare v. Spencer, 210 F.3d 666, 669 (6th Cir. 2000). To prove

this, Murray must demonstrate that: “(1) the applicable legal principle [that he claims has been

violated] is clearly defined and not subject to reasonable debate; and (2) the arbitrators refused to

heed that legal principle.” Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. v. Jaros, 70 F.3d 418, 421

(6th Cir. 1995).

        Generally, the arbitration panel is not required to explain its decision. Ibid. In cases such

as this one, where neither statute nor arbitration proceedings demand or produce a detailed

explanation of how the arbitration panel reached its conclusion, we will not vacate an award for



        1
         Though Murray does accuse the arbitration panel of disregarding the plain language of the
contract in his motion, he does so in the context of his manifest-disregard argument. Merely raising
the applicable facts in a motion does not put the issue before the district judge for his consideration.

                                                  -3-
No. 11-4355
Murray v. Citigroup Global Mkts., Inc.

failure to provide such an explanation. See Green v. Ameritech Corp., 200 F.3d 967, 976 (6th Cir.

2000) (admonishing parties to an arbitration agreement to “clearly state in the agreement the degree

of specificity required” if they wish for a detailed opinion at the end of the arbitration). As we have

stated time and again, the absence of a reasoned award makes it all but impossible to determine

whether the arbitration panel acted in manifest disregard of the law. See, e.g., Elec. Data Sys. Corp.

v. Donelson, 473 F.3d 684, 691 (6th Cir. 2007); Dawahare, 210 F.3d at 690; Jaros, 70 F.3d at 421.

       This case is a paradigmatic example of why we do not entertain a manifest-disregard

argument in the absence of a reasoned award. Murray’s twelve “particulars of the manifest disregard

of the law” are riddled with bald assertions and conjectures about what the arbitration panel did and

did not do.2 In light of the fact that we employ “one of the narrowest standards of judicial review

in all of American jurisprudence,” see Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. v. Home Ins. Co., 429 F.3d 640, 643

(6th Cir. 2005) (internal quotation marks omitted), we refuse to rely solely on a party’s analysis.

Furthermore, as the district court pointed out, “none of [Murray’s] arguments derive from a law-

based analysis.” Rather, all of his claims—including those that he identifies as black-letter

arguments—contain thinly veiled attempts to relitigate factual determinations made by the arbitration

panel. As a categorical matter, we do not engage in such exercises when reviewing an arbitration



       2
         See, e.g., Appellant’s Br. 25 (“If the panel considered the note to be amended to a nine (9)
year payment schedule, . . . .” (emphasis added)); id. at 29 (“The panel’s findings are inherently in
conflict[,] and they manifestly disregarded the law under constructive termination and voluntary
resignation.” (no citation supporting what the panel’s findings were or what law they allegedly
ignored)); id. at 30 (“The evidence was unrefuted that SB deducted Two Hundred Seventy-Two
Thousand Two Hundred Dollars ($272,200) from PM’s paycheck . . . .” (no reference to any record
showing that such evidence was ever submitted to the arbitration panel)).

                                                 -4-
No. 11-4355
Murray v. Citigroup Global Mkts., Inc.

award, regardless of whether it is explained or not. See Major League Baseball Player’s Ass’n. v.

Garvey, 532 U.S. 504, 509 (2001) (“When an arbitrator resolves disputes regarding the application

of a contract, and no dishonesty is alleged, the arbitrator’s improvident, even silly, factfinding does

not provide a basis for a reviewing court to refuse to enforce the award.” (internal quotation marks

omitted)).

       Ultimately, FINRA rules allowed Murray to seek a reasoned award. Financial Industry

Regulatory Authority, Code of Arbitration Procedure for Industry Disputes § 13904(g) (stating that

parties may jointly seek a reasoned award from the arbitrator). There is no evidence that Murray ever

sought, much less attained, such a decision. He therefore has no one but himself to blame for our

inability to assess his manifest-disregard argument. We AFFIRM the district court.




                                                 -5-
