                              NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MAR 23 2018
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ALEJANDRO ORTIZ-ALFARO,                          Nos. 14-70542
                                                      14-71245
                Petitioner,
                                                 Agency No. A029-677-022
 v.

JEFFERSON B. SESSIONS III, Attorney              MEMORANDUM*
General,

                Respondent.

                               On Petition for Review of an
                              Immigration Judge’s Decision

                              Submitted March 13, 2018**

Before:      LEAVY, M. SMITH, and CHRISTEN, Circuit Judges.

      Alejandro Ortiz-Alfaro, a native and citizen of Mexico, petitions for review

of an immigration judge’s (“IJ”) determination under 8 C.F.R. § 1208.31(a) that he

did not have a reasonable fear of persecution or torture in Mexico, and thus is not

entitled to relief from his reinstated removal order. We have jurisdiction under



      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review de novo questions of law, Cerezo v. Mukasey, 512

F.3d 1163, 1166 (9th Cir. 2008), except to the extent that deference is owed to the

Board of Immigration Appeal’s (“BIA”) determination of the governing statutes

and regulations, Simeonov v. Ashcroft, 371 F.3d 532, 535 (9th Cir. 2004). We

review for substantial evidence the agency’s factual findings. Silaya v. Mukasey,

524 F.3d 1066, 1070 (9th Cir. 2008). We deny the petitions for review.

      As to petition for review No. 14-70542, we deny as moot.

      As to petition for review No. 14-71245, Ortiz-Alfaro is ineligible to apply

for asylum because he is in reinstated removal proceedings. See Perez-Guzman v.

Lynch, 835 F.3d 1066 (9th Cir. 2016).

      Substantial evidence supports the IJ’s determination that Ortiz-Alfaro did

not establish a reasonable possibility of persecution in Mexico on account of his

membership in a cognizable social group. See Reyes v. Lynch, 842 F.3d 1125, 1131

(9th Cir. 2016) (in order to demonstrate membership in a particular group, “[t]he

applicant must ‘establish that the group is (1) composed of members who share a

common immutable characteristic, (2) defined with particularity, and (3) socially

distinct within the society in question.’” (quoting Matter of M-E-V-G-, 26 I. & N.

Dec. 227, 237 (BIA 2014)); see also Ramirez-Munoz v. Lynch, 816 F.3d 1226,

1229 (9th Cir. 2016) (concluding that “imputed wealthy Americans” returning to

Mexico does not constitute a particular social group); Delgado-Ortiz v. Holder,


                                         2                                   14-70542
600 F.3d 1148 (9th Cir. 2010); Zetino v. Holder, 622 F.3d 1007, 1016 (9th Cir.

2010) (applicant’s “desire to be free from harassment by criminals motivated by

theft or random violence by gang members bears no nexus to a protected ground”).

Thus, Ortiz-Alfaro did not demonstrate a reasonable fear of persecution. See 8

C.F.R. § 1208.31(c) (a reasonable fear of persecution is established by showing a

reasonable possibility of persecution on account of an enumerated ground). We

decline Ortiz-Alfaro’s request to remand to the agency for further consideration of

Matter of M-E-V-G-, 26 I. & N. Dec. 227 (BIA 2014).

      Substantial evidence also supports the IJ’s determination that Ortiz-Alfaro

failed to establish a reasonable possibility of torture. See Wakkary v. Holder, 558

F.3d 1049, 1068 (9th Cir. 2009) (CAT claim failed where evidence indicated that

torture occurred in the country of removal, but no evidence that petitioner himself

would likely be tortured).

      We reject Ortiz-Alfaro’s contentions that the IJ applied incorrect standards

or otherwise erred in evaluating his claims.

      We do not consider materials referenced in the opening brief that are not part

of the administrative record. See Fisher v. INS, 79 F.3d 955, 963-64 (9th Cir. 1996)

(en banc).

      PETITIONS FOR REVIEW DENIED.




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