           In the Missouri Court of Appeals
                   Eastern District
                                     WRIT DIVISION SIX

TWENTIETH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT OF                  (     No. ED108658
THE STATE OF MISSOURI, BY THE                  (
HONORABLE ISIDORE I. LAMKE,                    (     Writ of Mandamus
PRESIDING JUDGE,                               (
                                               (
       RELATOR,                                (
                                               (     Appeal from the Circuit Court
vs.                                            (     of Franklin County
                                               (
THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF                  (
THE COUNTY OF FRANKLIN, STATE                  (
OF MISSOURI; TIM BRINKER,                      (
PRESIDING COMMISSIONER; TODD                   (
BOLAND, FIRST DISTRICT                         (
COMMISSIONER; DAVE HINSON,                     (
SECOND DISTRICT COMMISSIONER;                  (
AND TAMMY VEMMER, AUDITOR OF                   (
THE COUNTY OF FRANKLIN, STATE                  (
OF MISSOURI,                                   (
                                               (
       RESPONDENTS.                            (     FILED: February 11, 2020

       Relator, the Twentieth Judicial Circuit of the State of Missouri (“the Circuit Court”), by

the Honorable Isidore I. Lamke, Presiding Judge, (hereinafter “Relator”) filed a Petition for Writ

of Mandamus with this Court, seeking to compel the Board of Commissioners of the County of

Franklin, Tim Brinker (“Presiding Commissioner”), Todd Boland (“First District

Commissioner”), Dave Hinson (“Second District Commissioner”), (collectively, “County

Commission”), and Tammy Vemmer (“Budget Officer”) (collectively, “Respondents”) to
immediately appropriate and begin disbursement of the total Fiscal Year 2020 Court Budget

Estimate (“FY 2020 CBE”), including the amount requested for Juvenile Court operations,

salaries, and benefits and payment of Juvenile Court expenses, retroactive to January 1, 2020.

Relator contends Respondents have a non-discretionary and ministerial constitutional and

statutory duty to appropriate Relator’s timely submitted FY 2020 CBE as submitted and disburse

such funds as directed by Relator. We previously issued a Preliminary Order in Mandamus. The

Preliminary Order in Mandamus was made permanent by Permanent Writ of Mandamus ordered

on February 6, 2020. This opinion follows pursuant to Rule 84.24(k).

                                  I. Procedural Background

       Franklin County (“County”) is a first-class county without a charter form of government.

Respondents here are the three members of the County’s Board of Commissioners and the

County’s Auditor. The County is substantially responsible for financing the Circuit Court’s

operations, including operations of the Juvenile Court. Section 50.640, RSMo. This financial

obligation of the County includes the non-discretionary constitutional and statutory duty to pay

salaries and provide employee benefits appropriated in the Court budget for Juvenile Court

employees. See Twentieth Judicial Circuit of State of Missouri v. Board of Commissioners of

County of Franklin, 911 S.W.2d 626 (Mo. banc 1995).

       The County’s fiscal year (“FY”) begins January 1 of each year. Section 51.010, RSMo.

In August 2019, the Circuit Court provided the County Commission and Budget Officer with the

Circuit Court’s FY 2020 Court Budget Estimate (“CBE”), the parties met and conferred

regarding that estimate, and the Circuit Court’s FY 2020 CBE was submitted, amounting to

$921,331.15. Sections 50.540, 50.640, 50.642, and 211.393.6.




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       On December 31, 2019, the County Commission adopted a FY 2020 budget in the total

amount of $538,500.00 for the Circuit Court’s budget. The County Commission did not

appropriate the Circuit Court’s FY 2020 CBE and the amount appropriated instead significantly

diverged from and underfunded items in the Circuit Court’s FY 2020 CBE. The County

Commission adopted the Circuit Court’s FY 2020 CBE for each of the Circuit Court’s

departments except for the Juvenile Court departments. The County Commission also sent

correspondence/emails directly to two Juvenile Court employees, a family court liaison

employed for the past five years and a deputy juvenile officer employed for at least seven years,

to terminate their employment and benefits. The two employees continued working without pay

or benefits since such time. Relator alleges that Respondents refused to pay regular expenses of

the Juvenile Court since the beginning of FY 2020.

       Relator subsequently filed the current Petition for Writ of Mandamus, asserting the

Respondents’ failure to adopt and appropriate the Circuit Court’s FY 2020 CBE, including the

Juvenile Court Budget Estimate, violated the provision of Section 50.640, which provides for the

avenue of relief with the Judicial Finance Commission (“JFC”). After reviewing the Petition and

Suggestions in Support and exhibits provided, this Court issued a Preliminary Order in

Mandamus on January 29, 2020. Respondents filed Suggestions in Opposition and an Answer to

the Petition for Writ of Mandamus, as directed, on February 5, 2020, arguing that Section

211.393 governs the juvenile court portion of the circuit court’s budget and Respondents are no

longer required to pay for juvenile court employees because they should be State employees.

Pursuant to Rule 84.24(i), this Court being fully informed has dispensed with the requirement of

full briefing and oral argument in this matter.




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                                           II. Discussion

       “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it,” according to George

Santayana.

       A writ of mandamus may issue in limited circumstances; it is a hard and fast unreasoning

writ, and is reserved for extraordinary emergencies. Norvall v. Whitesell, 605 S.W.2d 789, 791

(Mo. banc 1980). The function of the writ of mandamus is to enforce, not to establish, a claim of

right; the office of the writ is to execute, not to adjudicate. State ex rel. Kiely v. Schmidli, 583

S.W.2d 236, 237 (Mo. App. W.D. 1979). To warrant control by mandamus, there must be an

existing, clear, unconditional legal right in relator, and a corresponding present, imperative,

unconditional duty upon respondent, and a default upon respondent therein. Id.

       This situation is virtually identical to that in Twentieth Judicial Circuit of State of

Missouri v. Board of Commissioners of County of Franklin, 911 S.W.2d 626 (Mo. banc 1995).

The same court, albeit a different judge, delivered a budget estimate for the circuit court for

fiscal year 1995, which included salaries for juvenile office employees. Id. at 627. The county

reduced the circuit court’s budget and attributed it to a reduction in the salaries of juvenile office

employees. Id. The county did not request a review of the budget by the JFC. In a unanimous

decision, the Supreme Court of Missouri made clear that a county must request a review of the

budget by the JFC, and failure to request this relief is acceptance of “a clear, unequivocal and

present duty to include [that] contained in [the] circuit court’s budget estimate in the county’s

appropriations to the circuit court and to do so without modification.” Id. at 628.

       Section 50.640 provides in relevant part that:

       1. . . . The estimates of the circuit court, including all activities thereof and of the
       circuit clerk, shall be transmitted to the budget officer by the circuit clerk. The
       estimates of the circuit clerk shall bear the approval of the circuit court. The
       budget officer or the county commission shall not change the estimates of the

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       circuit court without the consent of the circuit court or the circuit clerk,
       respectively, but shall appropriate in the appropriation order the amounts
       estimated as originally submitted or as changed, with their consent.

       2. If the county governing body deems the estimates of the circuit court to be
       unreasonable, the governing body may file a petition for review with the judicial
       finance commission on a form provided by the judicial finance commission after
       the estimates are included in the county budget....

Section 50.640 (emphasis in part).

       The Missouri Supreme Court opinion provided guidance to the Commissioners of

Franklin County and any other county commissions that may contemplate unilateral changes to

the Court Budget Estimate and not avail themselves of pursuing relief through the Judicial

Finance Commission. It stated in part:

       The circuit court contends that section 50.640 establishes a ministerial duty in the
       county to pay the amount in the circuit court's budget estimate for juvenile office
       employee salaries unless the circuit court consents to a change or the county
       seeks relief before the judicial finance commission. The circuit court is correct.

       Section 50.640 is clear and unequivocal. The circuit court has the sole power to
       set compensation for its employees and to require the county to pay those salaries.
       Absent the circuit court's consent to a lesser amount, the county “shall
       appropriate . . . the amounts estimated as originally submitted or as changed,
       with [the consent of the circuit court].” If the county believes the circuit court's
       budget estimate is unreasonable and the circuit court refuses to consent to a
       reduction, the county may seek relief before the judicial finance commission.
       Failing that, the statute leaves the county no option but to appropriate the
       circuit court's budget estimate.

Twentieth Judicial Circuit of State of Missouri, 911 S.W.2d at 628. (emphasis added).

       If either the circuit court or the governing body of the county are dissatisfied with the

determination, the statutes authorize review before the Missouri Supreme Court. Section

477.600.7; State ex rel. Twenty-Second Judicial Circuit v. Jones, 823 S.W.2d 471, 473 (Mo.

banc 1992).




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       Furthermore, the Missouri Supreme Court considered the principles of separation of

powers and the court’s ability to perform its judicial functions in State ex rel. Weinstein, 451

S.W.2d 99, 102 (Mo. banc 1970). The court held that within the “inherent power of the Juvenile

Court of St. Louis County, . . . is the authority to select and appoint employees reasonably

necessary to carry out its function of care, discipline, detention and protection of children who

come within its jurisdiction, and to fix their compensation.” Id. (internal citations omitted). The

Court additionally commented on the application of the Judicial Code in Section 211.011 et seq.,

that “[i]n order that the Court may administer justice under the Juvenile Code, it is essential that

it control the employees who assist it.” Id.

       Here, the County Commission failed to comply with Section 50.640, RSMo. The County

Commission did not obtain the Circuit Court’s consent before changing the amounts in the

Circuit Court’s FY 2020 CBE. Section 50.640.1, RSMo. Also, the County Commission failed

to pursue relief with the Judicial Finance Commission that it deemed the estimates in the Court’s

FY 2020 CBE to be unreasonable and place an amount equal to the difference between the

estimates of the Circuit Court and the amounts deemed reasonable by the County Commission in

a separate escrow account. Section 50.640.2, RSMo. “Failing that, the statute leaves the

county no option but to appropriate the circuit court's budget estimate.” Twentieth Judicial

Circuit of State of Missouri, 911 S.W.2d at 628. (emphasis added).

       Respondents argue that Section 211.393.6 regarding “maintenance of effort funding”

(“MOE”) exempts the County Commission from following the procedures of 50.640. In fact, the

Cooper County decision rendered by the Missouri Supreme Court exemplifies the proper

procedure followed by the Cooper County Commission when it had a budget dispute with the

circuit court: it filed a petition for review with the JFC. Cooper County v. Circuit Court of 18th



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Judicial Circuit of Missouri, 124 S.W.3d 466 (Mo. banc 2004). Section 211.393.6 specifically

states that “[t]he county commission may review such budget and may appeal the proposed

budget to the judicial finance commission pursuant to section 50.640.” The Cooper County

Commission filed its Petition for Review with the JFC against the Eighteenth Judicial Circuit just

as this statute contemplates. Id. In its opinion, the Supreme Court discussed the issue of whether

the circuit court could add an employee’s salary plus attorney’s fees for litigation to its 2003

budget estimate, and, citing Section 50.640.1, noted that the circuit court submitted the budget

estimate to Cooper County and then the “County shall appropriate ‘the amounts estimated as

originally submitted. . . .” Id. at 467 (emphasis added). Because it disagreed with the circuit

court’s budget estimate, the Cooper County Commission petitioned the judicial finance

commission for review of reasonableness pursuant to Section 50.640.2, a mandatory procedure

which Respondents chose to ignore in this case.

       The Supreme Court further reviewed the procedure in that the JFC is charged with

“mediating, and if necessary, adjudicating circuit court budget disputes.” Id. (citing In re The

1983 Budget for the Circuit Court of St. Louis County, Mo., 665 S.W.2d 943, 944 (Mo. banc

1984) and Section 50.642.2). While the circuit court has the burden to prove to the JFC that

items included in its estimated budget are reasonable, the JFC then determines the

reasonableness by evaluating “the discrete and concrete elements proposed for it through which

the item is given meaning.” Id., citing Bosley v. Berra, 688 S.W.2d 353, 355 (Mo. banc 1985).

After the JFC decides, the Missouri Supreme Court then reviews the JFC decision de novo, but

“does not engage in any close reconsideration of the Commission’s conclusions with respect to

reasonableness of circuit court expenditures where the basis for such conclusions is apparent

from the record.” Id., citing Section 447.600.7 and Bosley, 688 S.W.2d at 354.



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        Although the Cooper County decision mentioned that the JFC, “ruling as a matter of

law,” did not require the county to fund the juvenile officer’s salary based on the enactment of

Section 211.393 by the General Assembly in 1998, which generally changed juvenile court

employees in multicounty circuits to become state employees, the Supreme Court stated that the

county may have to pay the salary anyway based on an exclusion in the definition of “juvenile

court employees.” Id. at 467-68. Ultimately, the Supreme Court remanded the case to the JFC

because it did not determine the reasonableness of specific elements. Id. at 469.

        “[T]he primary rule of statutory construction is to ascertain intent of the legislature from

the language used, to give effect to that intent if possible, and to consider the words used in their

plain and ordinary meaning.” Wolff Shoe Co. v. Dir. of Revenue, 762 S.W.2d 29, 31 (Mo. banc

1988). Under the statutory construction of in pari materia, statutes that relate to the same subject

matter are to be read together to determine their meaning. KC Motorcycle Escorts, L.L.C. v.

Easley, 53 S.W.3d 184, 187 (Mo. App. W.D. 2001). The MOE statute, Section 211.393.6, read

“in pari materia” with Section 50.640, does not eliminate the need for a petition for review with

the judicial finance commission if the county wishes to dispute a circuit court’s budget.

        Respondents argue that the JFC’s holding in the Cooper County case on remand,

Respondent’s Exhibit A, is dispositive here. 1 See In Re: Circuit Court Budget of the 18th

Judicial Circuit of the State of Missouri, Nos. 03-00064, 04-00066, (Judicial Finance

Commission, State of Missouri, May 26, 2004) (“Cooper County Remand”). Even the Cooper

County Remand decision clearly states that the county, as governing body, deemed the budget

estimate unreasonable and “properly filed a petition for review with the Commission pursuant to

section 50.640, RSMo 2000, and the Commission now so rules.” Cooper County Remand at 2-3.


1
 Respondents cite no authority, nor have we found any, standing for the proposition that past JFC decisions are
binding on this Court.

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Without such procedure, we have no way to compare the JFC’s opinion here to the commission’s

“reasonableness” considerations listed in subsection 2 of Section 50.640, such as the

“expenditures necessary to support the circuit court in relation to the expenditures necessary for

the administration of all other county functions, the actual or estimated operating deficit or

surplus from prior years, all interest and debt redemption charges, all capital project

expenditures, and the total estimated available revenues from all sources available for financing

the proposed expenditures.” We find the JFC review is mandated and necessary.

       Therefore, the Preliminary Order in Mandamus is hereby made permanent. Relator has

sufficiently demonstrated its claim of right to an appropriation of “the amounts estimated as

originally submitted . . . . in its estimated budget” pursuant to Section 50.640. Respondents are

hereby ordered to appropriate funds to the Circuit Court of the Twentieth Judicial Circuit in the

amounts estimated by the Circuit Court in Relator’s Writ Exhibit 1, $921,331.15 and to

immediately pay any salaries denied retroactive to January 1, 2020.




                                              __________________________________
                                              ROY L. RICHTER, Acting Presiding Judge

Lisa P. Page, Judge, concurs.
Sherri B. Sullivan, Judge, concurs.




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