                                                                                    FILED
                                                                                  September 8, 2017
                                 2017 IL App (4th) 160407WC                          Carla Bender
                                                                                 4th District Appellate
                          Opinion filed September 8, 2017                              Court, IL
______________________________________________________________________________

                                             IN THE

                              APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

                                      FOURTH DISTRICT

               WORKERS' COMPENSATION COMMISSION DIVISION
______________________________________________________________________________

DARRELL BAGWELL,                                )    Appeal from the Circuit Court
                                                )    of the Eleventh Judicial Circuit
                                                )    McLean County, Illinois
                Appellant,                      )
                                                )
          v.                                    )    Appeal Nos. 4-16-0407WC,
                                                )                 4-16-0408WC cons.
                                                )    Circuit No. 15-MR-401
                                                )
ILLINOIS WORKERS' COMPENSATION                  )    Honorable
COMMISSION, et al., (Nestle USA, Inc.,          )    Paul G. Lawrence,
Appellees).                                     )    Judge, Presiding.

______________________________________________________________________________

      PRESIDING JUSTICE HOLDRIDGE delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
      Justices Hoffman, Hudson, Harris, and Moore concurred in the judgment and opinion.
______________________________________________________________________________

                                           OPINION

¶1     The claimant, Darrell Bagwell, filed applications for adjustment of claims under the

Workers' Compensation Act (Act) (820 ILCS 305/1 et seq. (West 2008)), seeking benefits for

injuries he sustained on June 2, 2008, and March 23, 2009, while performing his job duties for

Nestle USA, Inc. (employer). The claims were consolidated for arbitration. Following a

hearing, the arbitrator found that the claimant had sustained work-related accidents on June 2,

2008, and March 23, 2009, and that the claimant’s current conditions of ill-being were causally

related to those work accidents. The arbitrator awarded the claimant temporary total disability
(TTD) benefits, temporary partial disability (TPD) benefits, and medical expenses, but declined

the claimant’s claims for penalties and attorney fees.

¶2     The arbitrator also awarded the claimant wage differential benefits under section 8(d)(1)

of the Act (820 ILCS 305/8(d)(1) (West 2008)), but rejected the claimant’s argument as to how

such benefits should be calculated. While he was working for the employer, the claimant also

served as the pastor of a church. At the time of the claimant’s work accidents, the employer was

aware that the claimant served as a pastor. Relying upon section 10 of the Act (820 ILCS 305/10

(West 2008)), the claimant argued that his salary as a pastor should be included in calculating his

average weekly wage for purposes of determining his entitlement to wage differential benefits.

The arbitrator rejected this argument. The arbitrator found that, although it was undisputed that

the employer was aware that the claimant served as a pastor, the claimant had failed to prove that

the employer knew he was being compensated for that position at the time of the accidents.

Accordingly, for purposes of wage differential benefits, the arbitrator calculated the claimant’s

average weekly wage based solely upon what the claimant would have earned from his

employment with the employer, without including his earnings as a pastor.

¶3     The claimant appealed the arbitrator’s decision to the Commission. The Commission

vacated the arbitrator’s award of medical expenses but otherwise affirmed and adopted the

arbitrator’s decision. Regarding the arbitrator’s average weekly wage calculation pursuant to

section 10 of the Act, the Commission found that the arbitrator had “properly excluded

concurrent employment income from the *** calculation “because while certain employees of

the employer did know of [the claimant’s] religious activities, there was no credible proof that

the employer knew during the relevant pre-accident period that the claimant’s activities actually

constituted gainful employment, rather than volunteering or similar community activities.”



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¶4     The claimant then sought judicial review of the Commission’s decision before the circuit

court of McLean County, which affirmed the Commission’s decision.

¶5     This appeal followed.

¶6                                      BACKGROUND

¶7     The claimant worked in the employer’s candy factory for 27 years. On June 2, 2008, the

claimant injured his back at work while lifting a box of taffy from the floor. An MRI revealed a

disc herniation at L4-L5. On September 2, 2008, the claimant had surgery to repair the disc.

Thereafter, the claimant continued to experience low back pain and back and leg pain associated

with the L5 nerve root.

¶8     On March 23, 20009, shortly after the claimant returned to work, he reinjured his lower

back while lifting and pushing heavy trays of candy down an assembly line. He was diagnosed

with a recurrent herniation at L4-L5 and underwent another back surgery on April 15, 2009. His

symptoms continued to worsen after the second surgery. In February of 2010, Dr. Keith Kattner,

the claimant’s neurosurgeon, diagnosed Battered Nerve Syndrome and recurrent disc herniation

and opined that the claimant was limited to a sedentary lifestyle and was no longer employable in

his prior factory position. Dr. Kattner also opined that the claimant’s 2008 work accident was

causally related to his current conditions of ill-being and his need for low back surgery.

¶9     While he was working for the employer, the claimant also served as the pastor of the Mt.

Zion Missionary Baptist Church in Galesburg, Illinois (Mt. Zion). During the arbitration

hearing, the claimant testified that he had been Mt. Zion’s pastor for 16 years. He was serving as

Mt. Zion’s pastor at the time of the work accidents at issue, and he was still working in that

capacity at the time of arbitration. Mt. Zion had 100 to 150 congregants. The claimant worked

in the church on Sundays from 9:45 a.m. to 2:00p.m., and he conducted Bible study at the church



                                                -3-
on Wednesday evenings from 7:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. The church paid the claimant $600 per

week as a housing allowance.

¶ 10    The claimant testified that the employer was aware that he was a pastor while he was

working for the employer. He noted that Andy Darling, a plant manager for the employer, came

to Mt. Zion to hear the claimant preach, and that other members of management knew he was a

minister (including Jerry Holly, who was a pastor himself). Moreover, several other members of

the employer’s management had attended weddings or funerals that the claimant had officiated,

including Chris Wattland, the employer’s Human Resources Manager, and two of the employer’s

former company nurses. The claimant further testified that he officiated a wedding at the plant

on one occasion in 2005 or 2006 and that, on several occasions, the employer had asked the

claimant to say the Thanksgiving prayer or to pray for individuals who “were in a catastrophe.”

In addition, prior to his first work accident, the claimant had filed a religious discrimination

charge against the employer with the Illinois Department of Human Rights (IDHR) and the

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), which put the employer on notice that the

claimant worked as a minister at a church where he performed services twice per week. 1

¶ 11    However, the claimant testified that the employer was not aware that Mt. Zion paid the

claimant for his services as pastor. When asked by his attorney whether his supervisors and

employers at [the employer] knew that he was being paid for his job as a minister, the claimant

responded:

        “No, they didn’t know I was being paid, because my religious position had

        nothing to do with [the employer]. After I put in my eight hours at [the employer]

1
  The claimant filed the IDHR and EEOC complaints after the employer had denied his request for a
religious accommodation. The claimant had asked the employer to accommodate his religious beliefs by
allowing him to withdraw his bid for the Laffy Taffy Cook position and return to a first shift position so
that he would be free to teach Bible Study at his church on Wednesday evenings. The parties ultimately
settled the claim.

                                                  -4-
       that was all I owed to them. I didn’t owe them what else I was doing in my life.

       So, no, they didn’t know how much money I was making.”

The claimant confirmed this testimony on cross-examination during the following colloquy with

the employer’s counsel:

       “Q: In response to a question from your attorney today, you indicated that [the

       employer] wouldn’t have known what you were paid through the ministry

       because it was none of their business essentially or it was personal?

       A: Yes, sir, because that was a side job, that wasn’t [the employer’s] concern,

       what I made.

       Q: Okay. I just wanted to make sure I heard that correctly.

       A: Yes, yes, sir.”

¶ 12   Dennis Gustafson, a certified vocational rehabilitation counselor, testified on the

claimant’s behalf by way of evidence deposition. Gustafson testified that the claimant had

performed heavy, unskilled work for the employer, and that, due to his current medical

condition, the claimant was no longer able to perform such work. He noted that the claimant had

some basic capabilities that would enable him to perform clerical work at an entry level.

However, Gustafson opined that the claimant did not have any transferrable skills to sedentary

work. Gustafson further opined that the claimant’s likelihood of securing clerical work within

his work restrictions was “poor” because: (1) the claimant would need to sit or stand for long

periods in a clerical job, which was difficult for him; (2) the claimant had no prior clerical work

experience; (3) an employer would be more likely to hire someone 25 years old or younger who

is starting out his or her career rather than a 57-year-old who has medical problems; and (4) there

is a lot of competition for clerical jobs. Gustafson testified that, if the claimant were to secure



                                                 -5-
employment, Gustafson estimated that the claimant’s compensation would be between $9.00 and

$10.00 per hour.

¶ 13   Daniel Minnich, a certified vocational rehabilitation counselor, testified on the

employer’s behalf by way of an evidence deposition. Minnich opined that the claimant was

limited to sedentary work. As a result, Minnich concluded that the claimant was unable to

perform many of the jobs he had previously held with the employer, and he was unable to

perform the duties of a full-time clergy member (which required a higher level of physical

exertion). Minnich estimated that entry-level positions for religious education would pay $9.49

per hour.

¶ 14   The parties each introduced a wage statement prepared by the employer which indicated

that, at the time of the June 2, 2008, work accident, the claimant’s average weekly wage from the

employer was $636.94. The parties stipulated that, pursuant to the collective bargaining

agreement executed by the employer and the claimant’s union, if the claimant were still working

for the employer in the same position at the time of arbitration, his average weekly wage from

the employer would have been $815.20.

¶ 15   The claimant also introduced a salary statement from Mt. Zion which indicated that Mt.

Zion had paid the claimant $600 per week from January 2010 through October 2013. Kim

Mitchell, Mt. Zion’s financial secretary, authenticated this document and testified that Mt. Zion

had been paying the claimant $600 per week from June 2007 through the time of arbitration.

The claimant also testified that he was earning $600 per week from Mt. Zion and that he had

been earning that same amount since the year before his work accident.

¶ 16   The arbitrator found that the claimant had sustained work-related accidents on June 2,

2008, and March 23, 2009, and that the claimant’s current conditions of ill-being were causally

related to those work accidents. The arbitrator awarded the claimant TTD benefits, TPD

                                               -6-
benefits, and medical expenses, but declined the claimant’s claims for penalties and attorney

fees.

¶ 17    The arbitrator also awarded the claimant wage differential benefits under section 8(d)(1)

of the Act. The arbitrator acknowledged that, “[w]hen a claimant is currently employed, all

earnings must be considered when calculating [the claimant’s] wages pursuant to section 10 of

the Act.” However, the arbitrator noted that wages the claimant earned from a second employer

are included in this calculation only if such wages were “known by the first employer at the time

of the accident.” The arbitrator found that, in this case, the employer was aware at the time of

the work accidents that the claimant was a pastor. However, after reviewing the relevant

evidence, the arbitrator found that “there [did] not appear to be adequate proof that the

[employer] was aware [that the claimant] was being compensated for a second job” at the time of

the work accidents. In support of this conclusion, the arbitrator noted that the documentary

evidence submitted by the claimant (including the claimant’s written request for a religious

accommodation and the discrimination charge he filed against the employer) did not indicate that

the claimant was “seeking time off for a paying job.” Moreover, the arbitrator noted that the

claimant himself had testified that the wages he earned as a pastor were “none of [the

employer’s] business.” Further, the arbitrator observed that, although the employer had

subpoenaed Mt. Zion’s tax and wage records, those records were never provided. 2

¶ 18    For all these reasons, the arbitrator denied the claimant’s claim for concurrent wages, i.e.,

she declined to include the wages the claimant had earned as a pastor in his average weekly wage

for purposes of determining the claimant’s wage differential benefit. Based on the evidence

presented by the parties (including the parties’ stipulation that the claimant would be earning


2
  The arbitrator noted that the claimant testified that he did not provide these records to the employer on
the advice of another attorney who was not his workers’ compensation attorney.

                                                   -7-
$815.20 per week if he still worked for the employer and the fact that the claimant was currently

earning $600 per week as a pastor), the arbitrator found that the claimant was entitled to a wage

differential benefit “representing two-thirds of the $215.20 difference in his current position as a

pastor and what he could be earning at [the employer], or $143.47 per week, for the duration of

his disability, commencing January 14, 2013.”

¶ 19   The claimant appealed the arbitrator’s decision to the Commission. The Commission

vacated the arbitrator’s award for medical expenses but otherwise unanimously affirmed and

adopted the arbitrator’s decision. The Commission found that the arbitrator had “properly

excluded concurrent employment income from the Average Weekly Wage calculation” under

section 10 of the Act “because while certain employees of the employer did know of [the

claimant’s] religious activities, there was no credible proof that the employer knew during the

relevant pre-accident period that the claimant’s activities actually constituted gainful

employment, rather than volunteering or similar community activities.”

¶ 20   The claimant then sought judicial review of the Commission’s decision before the circuit

court of McLean County, which affirmed the Commission’s decision.

¶ 21   This appeal followed.

¶ 22                                      ANALYSIS

¶ 23   On appeal, the claimant argues that the Commission's determination of his average

weekly wage was against the manifest weight of the evidence. Specifically, the claimant argues

that the Commission erred by excluding his earnings as a pastor from the average weekly wage

calculation for purposes of determining his wage differential benefit, in violation of section 10 of

the Act.

¶ 24   The claimant has the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, the elements

of his claim, including his average weekly wage. Sylvester v. Industrial Comm'n, 314 Ill. App. 3d

                                                -8-
1100, 1103 (2000); Zanger v. Industrial Comm'n, 306 Ill. App. 3d 887, 890 (1999). The

Commission's determination of claimant's average weekly wage is a question of fact that a

reviewing court will not disturb unless it is contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence.

Sylvester, 314 Ill. App. 3d at 1103. For a finding of fact to be contrary to the manifest weight of

the evidence, an opposite conclusion must be clearly apparent. United Airlines, Inc. v. Illinois

Workers’ Compensation Comm’n, 382 Ill. App. 3d 437, 440 (2008).

¶ 25   The basis for computing a claimant's average weekly earnings is governed by section 10

of the Act (820 ILCS 305/10 (West 2008)). Section 10 defines the employee’s average weekly

wage as

       “the actual earnings of the employee in the employment in which he was working

       at the time of the injury during the period of 52 weeks ending with the last day of

       the employee's last full pay period immediately preceding the date of injury,

       illness or disablement excluding overtime, and bonus divided by 52. * * * When

       the employee is working concurrently with two or more employers and the

       respondent employer has knowledge of such employment prior to the injury, his

       wages from all such employers shall be considered as if earned from the employer

       liable for compensation.” (Emphasis added.) 820 ILCS 305/10 (West 2008)).

¶ 26   The dispositive question in this case is whether the employer had knowledge of the

claimant’s “employment” as a pastor prior to the work accidents at issue, thereby triggering

section 10’s concurrent wage calculation requirement.

¶ 27   The Act does not define “employment.” According to Oxford’s online English

Dictionary, “employment” means “the state of having paid work,” or, “[a] person’s trade or

profession.” (Emphasis added.) htpps://en.oxforddictionaries .com/definition/employment.

Other dictionaries define employment in a similar manner. See, e.g., dictionary.com

                                                -9-
(http://www.dictionary.com/browse/employment) (defining “employment” as “an occupation by

which a person earns a living; work; business”). Although the Act does not define

“employment,” it implicitly adopts this understanding of employment as paid work in other,

related definitions. For example, the Act defines an “employee” as “[e]very person in the service

of another under any contract for hire.” (Emphasis added.) 820 ILCS 305/1(b)(2) (West 2008).

To “hire” is to “engage the services of (a person or persons) for wages or other payment.”

(Emphasis added) www.dictionary.com/browse/hire); see also Merriam-Webster’s online

dictionary (https//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ hire) (defining “hire” as “payment for

labor or personal services”). We therefore hold that the common, ordinary meaning of the term

“employment” as used in section 10 of the Act encompasses the concept of payment for work or

services rendered.

¶ 28   Accordingly, in this case, the wages the claimant earned as a pastor must be included as

wages earned from the employer pursuant to section 10 only if the employer knew that the

claimant received payment for his work as a pastor. 820 ILCS 305/10 (West 2008)). The

Commission found that the clamant failed to prove that the employer had such knowledge. We

cannot say that this finding was against the manifest weight of the evidence. Although the

employer admitted that it knew the claimant served as a pastor during the relevant period, the

claimant presented no evidence suggesting that the employer knew that he was compensated for

that service. To the contrary, when asked during direct examination whether his supervisors and

employers knew that he was being paid for his job as a minister, the claimant responded, “[n]o,

they didn’t know I was being paid.” He confirmed this testimony on cross-examination, when he

agreed that the employer would not have known what he was paid through the ministry because

it was “none of their business” or it was “personal.” At a minimum, this testimony establishes

that the claimant did not inform the employer that he was “employed” (i.e. paid) by Mt. Zion,

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that he had no reason to believe that the employer knew of such employment, and that, in fact, he

believed that the employer had no such knowledge.

¶ 29   Despite having given this testimony before the arbitrator, the claimant argues on appeal

that the employer “should have known” that he “worked for pay” as a pastor because: (1) the

employer knew that the claimant worked as a minister at a “fairly large” church where he

performed services twice per week; (2) on several occasions, the employer asked the claimant to

say prayers at the plant; (3) several of the employer’s managers had seen the claimant preach at

the church or officiate at weddings and funerals; and (4) the claimant had previously filed a

claim for religious discrimination against the employer. Contrary to the claimant’s argument,

however, none of these facts establishes that the employer knew that the claimant was

compensated for his services as a minister or pastor. When the claimant said prayers at the plant,

he never asked for or received compensation for that service. Neither the claimant’s request for

a religious accommodation nor his IDHR and EEOC complaints against the employer mentioned

that the claimant received payment from Mt. Zion. Moreover, as noted above, the claimant

admitted that he never told the employer that he was paid for performing religious services. It

was therefore reasonable for the employer to assume that the claimant performed those services

on a volunteer basis. The claimant offered no evidence to suggest otherwise. Accordingly, the

Commission’s calculation of the claimant’s average weekly wage was not against the manifest

weight of the evidence.

¶ 30    In the alternative, the claimant argues that it is irrelevant whether the employer knew that

he was paid for his religious services because section 10 merely requires the employer to have

knowledge of the claimant’s other “employment,” not the wages he earned from such

employment. We do not find this argument persuasive. As noted above, the word

“employment” means “paid work” or “work for hire.” Thus, the legislature clearly intended

                                               - 11 -
section 10’s concurrent wage requirements to apply only if the employer knew that the claimant

had other paid work at the time of his work injury.

¶ 31   One final point bears mentioning. The parties dispute the standard of review that should

govern our analysis of this issue. The claimant argues that we should review the Commission’s

decision de novo because: (1) the relevant facts are undisputed; (2) “there is no indication that

the Commission drew any inferences or * * * did anything other than apply the law to the

undisputed facts”; and (3) the question presented in this case is purely one of statutory

construction. See Flynn v. Industrial Comm’n, 211 Ill. 2d 546, 553 (2004); Greaney v. Industrial

Comm’n, 358 Ill. App. 3d 1002, 1016 (2005). The employer counters that the manifest weight of

the evidence standard applies because the relevant facts are disputed. We agree with the

employer. The central dispute in this appeal, i.e. whether the employer knew of the claimant’s

paid employment as a pastor prior to the work accidents at issue, is a factual dispute. Moreover,

although the remaining material facts are undisputed, the dispositive question is whether those

facts support a reasonable inference that the employer had such knowledge. Because different

reasonable inferences could be drawn from the undisputed facts, we review the Commission’s

decision under the manifest weight of the evidence standard. Gilster Mary Lee Corp. v.

Industrial Comm'n, 326 Ill. App. 3d 177, 182 (2001). However, even if we were to apply a de

novo standard of review, the employer would still prevail.

¶ 32                                       CONCLUSION

¶ 33   For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court of McLean County,

which confirmed the Commission’s decision.

¶ 34   Affirmed.




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