 

NO. 96-404
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA

1996

IN RE THE MARRIAGE OF
THOMAS L. WOEHL,
Petiti0ner and ReSp0ndent,
v.

WENDI A. WOEHL, n/k/a
WENDI A. THORSON,

Resp0ndent and Appellant.

APPEAL FROM: DiStrict C0urt of the FirSt Judicial DiStrict,
In and for the C0unty of LewiS and Clark,
The H0n0rable Th0mas C. H0nzel, Judge preSiding.

COUNSEL OF RECORD:
F0r Appellant:
Th0mas S. WinS0r, WinS0r Law Firm, Helena, MOntana
F0r ReSpOndent:

JameS P. Reyn0ldS, Reyn0ldS, M0tl & Sherw00d,
Helena, M0ntana

Submitted on BriefS: N0vember 21, 1996

 

J&N{)3 H97dA `; Decided: January 3, 1997

   

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Jnstice william E. Hunt, Sr., delivered the Opinion of the Court.

Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c}, Montana Supreme Court
1995 Internal Operating Rules, the following decision shall not be
cited as precedent and shall be published by its filing as a public
document with the Clerk of the Supreme Court and by a report of its
result to State Reporter Publishing Company and west Publishing
Company.

Appellant wendi A. woehl, n/k/a wendi A. Thorson, (wendi)
appeals from the findings of fact, conclusions of law and order
issued. by' the First Judicial District Court, Lewis and Clark
Connty, denying wendis motion to restore custody and granting the
motion of Thomas L. woehl (Tom) for modification of custody.

we affirm.

wendi presents two issues for our review:

l. Did the District Court abuse its discretion in determining
that there was sufficient evidence for modification of custody
under the standard expressed in § 40-4-2l9, MCA?

2. Did the Distriot Court err in refusing to grant wendi
attorney fees and costs?

FACTS

Tom and wendfs marriage was dissolved pursuant to a decree
issued December l7, l993, by the First Judicial District Court,
Lewis and Clark County. The decree provided that Tom and wendi
would share joint custody of their three minor children: Malinda,

Darin, and Bradlee. wendi was granted residential custody of the

children during the school year, while Tom was allowed scheduled
visitation. during the school year and was granted four weeks
physical custody of the children during the summer. In May l995,
the parties agreed to amend the decree to allow Tom physical
custody of the children for three separate one-month periods each
year.

After the marriage was dissolved, wendi and the children lived
with her boyfriend, Ron Farrell (Ron), and his two children in
wendis mobile home in a mobile home court. Beginning in March
l995, the mobile homes septic system faltered, and soon stopped
working altogether. Because of the septic problems, the owner of
the mobile home court shut off the water and septic service to
wendfs mobile home.

The inconveniences at the mobile home led wendi to ask Tom to
take Malinda, Darin, and Bradlee from June 1995 to Angust 1995.
when Tom returned the children to Wendfs care he discovered that
the problems with the mobile home had not been corrected. when the
problems had not been corrected after two more weeks, Tom moved the
District Court for an order placing the children temporarily in his
custody. The court granted Toms motion pending a hearing set for
October 25, l995.

At the October 25, 1995 hearing, wendi testified that the
mobile home problems had not yet been corrected. Tom presented
evidence regarding his concerns about the quality of care wendi was
providing the children, specifically that wendi was often late

picking the children up from school. The hearing ended without

other witness testimony when the court granted wendis request for
a continuance. The court ordered that the temporary custody order
would remain in effect.

In December 1995, the court appointed J. Bailey Molineux,
Ph.D., to conduct a custody evaluation, an appointment approved by
counsel for both parties. Dr. Molineux had previously counseled
Tom and wendi both before and after their divorce, and had, in
1994, counseled Ron and wendi.

Pursuant to the courcs December 1995 order, Dr. Molineux met
with Tom, wendi and the children. In a letter dated December 19,
1995, Dr. Molineux set forth his recommendations to the court. Dr.
MolineuX recommended that, in every two»week period, Tom have
custody of the children for six consecutive days and that wendi
have custody the remaining eight days. Dr. Molineux also
recommended that Tom and wendi become involved in custody
counseling, and that Ron and WendFs relationship, as well as Rons
relationship with the children, be evaluated by a family therapist.
Dr. Molineux closed his letter of recommendation by stating "[b]oth
parents have agreed to what 1 have recommended as 1 was able to get
them to develop their own custody arrangement rather than have it
decided for them."

on 3anuary 10, 1996, wendi moved the court to restore her
primary residential custodian status. wendi stated in the
memorandum attached to her motion that she had moved into another
mobile home which was equipped with running water and a working

septic system. wendi also stated that Dr. Molineuxs

recommendations had not identified any evidence that the children
were seriously endangered. On January 30, Tom responded,
requesting that the court deny wendfs motion and order that Dr.
Molineuxs recommendations be implemented.

On April 24, 1996, the court heard testimony concerning wendis
motion to restore custody and Toms motion to modify custody in
conformance with Dr. Molineuxs recommendations. On June 4, 1996,
the court issued its findings of fact, conclusions of law and
order, wherein it denied_ wendis motion, granted_ Toms motion,
established a custody arrangement and adopted Dr. Molineuxs custody
counseling recommendations. wendi appeals.

I S SUE ONE

Did the District Court abuse its discretion in determining
that there was sufficient evidence for modification of custody
under the standard expressed in § 40-4-219, MCA?

"We review a district courEs findings relating to custody
modification, to determine whether those findings are clearly
erroneous." In re the Marriage of Elser (1995), 271 Mont. 265,

270, 895 P.2d 619, 622 (citation omitted), overruled on other
grounds by Porter v. Galarneau (1996), 275 Mont. 174, 185, 911 P.2d

1143, ll5O n.2. when findings upon which a decision is predicated
are not clearly erroneous, "we will reverse a district courts
decision to modify custody only where an abuse of discretion is
clearly demonstrated." Elser, 895 P.2d at 622 (citation omitted).

A finding is clearly erroneous only if it is not supported by

substantial evidence, the trial court has misapprehended the effect
of the evidence, or a review of the record leaves this Court with
the “definite and firm conviction" that a mistake has been
committed. 1nterstate Production Credit Ass‘n v. DeSaye (1991),
250 Mont. 320, 323, 820 P.2d 1285, 1287.

A motion to modify a joint custody decree which substantially
changes the primary residence of the children, but which maintains
the joint custody designation, must meet the jurisdictional
requirements of § 40-4-219, MCA. 1n re the Marriage of Johnson
(1994), 266 Mont. 158, 166, 879 P.2d 689, 694. According to
Johnson, the court here could not properly have proceeded to modify
the custody arrangement unless and until the requirements of § 40-
4-2l9, MCA, had first been met. The statute provides in relevant
part:

Modification. (1) The court may in its discretion

modify a prior custody decree if it finds, upon the basis
of facts that have arisen since the prior decree or that
were unknown to the court at the time of entry of the
prior decree, that a change has occurred in the
circumstances of the child or the childs custodian and
that the modification is necessary to serve the best
interest of the child and if it further finds that:

(c) the childs present environment endangers
seriously the childs physical, mental, moral, or
emotional health and that the harm likely to be caused by
a change of environment is outweighed by its advantages
to the child;

Section 40-4-219(1)(c}, MCA.
The court heard a considerable amount of testimony from Dr.

Molineux and others concerning the childrens environment when in

 

wendis care. Sometime after the brief October 25 hearing, wendi
moved into another‘ mobile home, this one apparently‘ entirely
hahitable; however, wendi shared. the home with_ Ron, Rons two
children, and two unrelated males. Dr. Molineux testified that he
had counseled wendi and Ron about fighting problems some two years
prior, and that his custody evaluation undertaken for the present
case revealed that fighting was still a problem. Dr. Molineux
testified that the children told him they were afraid of Ron. Dr.
Molineux also testified that continued fighting between wendi and
Ron would negatively impact the childrens emotional health.

The court also heard testimony concerning the childrens
environment when in Toms care. Tom lives with his mother in a home
where fighting and arguing are apparently not a problem. Toms
girlfriend Dawn williams is acquainted with the children and has
often picked them up from school. Tom has worked at Albertsons
supermarket for ten years.

The evidence in this case overwhelmingly supports the courts
conclusion that the jurisdictional prerequisite criteria of § 40~4~
219, MCA, were n@t. The District CourEs conclusion, and our
conclusion here to affirm, are bothr supported_ by this Courts
decision in In re the Custody of DuMont (1985}, 216 Mont. 1i8, 700
P.2d l67. ln DuMont, factually similar to this case, we affirmed
the district courEs order changing residential custody from the
mother to the father, and described the proof required to
substantiate a charge of endangerment:

The District Court may not modify custody on
considerations of best interests and change in

7

circumstances if it has not found at the outset that the
childs welfare is seriously endangered by the present
custody arrangement. ln re the Marriage of Sarsfield
(Mont. l983), 67l P.2d 595, 599, 40 St. Rep. l736, l739.
A potential for or a probability of serious harm is

sufficient to satisfy this jurisdictional prerequisite,
that is, this Court will not interpret the provisions of
the modification statute so narrowly as to prevent trial
courts from assuming jurisdiction over modification
petitions where substantial, credible evidence of
potential danger is presented by a petitioner during the
case-in-chief. Sarsfield, 671 P.2d at 602.

DuMont, 700 P.2d at 170 (emphasis added).

The courts findings indicate the potential harm to the
children if the existing custody arrangement were to be maintained.
The courts findings are supported by substantial evidence, and its
conclusion that the requirements of § 40~4-219, MCA, were met is
supported by our decision in DuMont. The court did not abuse its
discretion.

ISSUE TWO

Did the District Court err in refusing to grant wendi attorney
fees and costs?

Section 40-4-219(5), MCA, provides that "[a]ttorney fees and
costs must be assessed against a party seeking modification if the
court finds that the modification action is vexatious and
constitutes harassment." wendi argues that in moving to modify
custody at a time when wendi was experiencing difficulties with her
mobile home, Tom was unfairly taking advantage of her predicament.
wendi contends that, under' the circumstances, Tonhs actions in

moving for modification constituted harassment, and that therefore,

according to § 40-4-219(5), she is entitled to attorney fees- we
disagree.

First, Toms motion was meritorious, as the District Courts
order granting the motion and this Coures affirmance indicate.
Second, Ton1 in no way took advantage of wendi, but in fact
initially helped her when the n@bile home problems were first
revealed. Later, when the problems were still not resolved, Tom
moved to modify custody. The court did not err in refusing to
grant wendi attorney fees and costs.

Affirmed.

 

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