      TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN


                                       NO. 03-09-00058-CV



                                     Chris D. Riley, Appellant

                                                  v.

            Texas State Board of Examiners of Professional Counselors, Appellee


     FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 200TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
      NO. D-1-GN-08-001424, HONORABLE ORLINDA NARANJO, JUDGE PRESIDING



                                           OPINION


               The Texas State Board of Examiners of Professional Counselors (the “Board”)

denied appellant Chris D. Riley’s application to renew her license to practice professional

counseling, based on Riley’s failure to renew her license within a year of its expiration in accordance

with section 503.354 of the Texas Occupations Code. Riley asserts that her failure to timely

renew her license is excused by the Board’s failure to provide pre-expiration notice in accordance

with section 503.353 of the Texas Occupations Code. We hold that pre-expiration notice under

section 503.353 is not a prerequisite to Riley’s compliance with section 503.354. We affirm the

judgment of the district court affirming the decision of the Board.


Factual and Procedural Background

               Riley received a license to practice professional counseling in 1983. See Tex. Occ.

Code Ann. § 503.003 (West 2004) (defining the practice), § 503.301 (West 2004) (license required).
She was licensed for 19 years, renewing her license each year.1 Riley’s license was next set to

expire on December 31, 2002. The Board did not provide notice to Riley 30 days prior to such

expiration date, despite its statutory obligation to do so. See id. § 503.353 (West 2004). Riley did

not perform the necessary actions to renew her license by the December 31, 2002 deadline. Nor did

she attempt to renew her license in 2003. In December 2006, upon learning for the first time that

she was no longer listed as a licensed professional counselor, Riley attempted to renew her license.

However, the Board denied her request based on her failure to renew her license before 2004. See

id. § 503.354(e) (West Supp. 2009) (“A person whose license has been expired for one year or more

may not renew the license.”).

               Riley sought and obtained a hearing at the State Office of Administrative Hearings

to contest the denial of her application for renewal of her license. The issue presented was

whether the Board could deny Riley’s request for license renewal when the Board had failed to send

notice to Riley regarding her license expiration date. Following the hearing, on August 27, 2007,

the administrative law judge (ALJ) concluded that Riley’s license should be renewed, based on the

determination that the Board could not enforce the license’s expiration date if the Board failed to

comply with the applicable notice requirements.




       1
         Occupations code section 503.351 provides for license renewal “biennially.” See Tex. Occ.
Code Ann. § 503.351 (West Supp. 2009). Prior to 2005, however, renewals were required annually.
See Act of June 1, 1981, 67th Leg., R.S., ch. 775, sec. 14(e), 1981 Tex. Gen. Laws 2913, 2920,
recodified by Act of May 13, 1999, 76th Leg., R.S., ch. 388, § 1, sec. 503.351, 1999 Tex. Gen. Laws
1431, 1905, amended by Act of May 24, 2005, 79th Leg., R.S., ch. 561, § 20, 2005 Tex. Gen. Laws
1489, 1493.

                                                  2
                By order issued February 22, 2008, the Board rejected most of the ALJ’s conclusions

of law and adopted new conclusions of law to the effect that Riley could not renew her license. See

Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 2001.058(e) (West 2008) (state agency may change conclusion of law

made by ALJ if agency determines ALJ did not properly apply or interpret applicable law). The

Board concluded that its failure to prove it sent notice to Riley prior to her license’s expiration “does

not relieve her from the responsibility to renew her license and is not a defense to her failure to

renew.” Riley filed a motion for rehearing, which was denied by the Board. See id. §§ 2001.145,

.146 (West 2008) (motions for rehearing).

                On April 25, 2008, Riley filed suit in district court seeking judicial review of the

Board’s decision denying her claim for reinstatement of her license. See id. § 2001.171 (West 2008)

(judicial review of final decision in contested case). On January 8, 2009, the district court entered

judgment in favor of the Board and affirmed the Board’s February 22, 2008 decision. Riley appeals.


Analysis

                Review of an administrative decision in a license revocation hearing is generally a

substantial evidence review. See id. § 2001.174 (West 2008). An administrative decision is

subject to reversal if it is affected by error of law. See id. § 2001.174(2)(D). The interpretation of

a statute is a question of law, which we review de novo. See State v. Shumake, 199 S.W.3d 279, 284

(Tex. 2006); In re Humphreys, 880 S.W.2d 402, 404 (Tex. 1994). Therefore, we review de novo

whether the Board’s failure to timely provide notice has the result of excusing or tolling a licensee’s

failure to timely renew her license.




                                                   3
                 Section 503.353 of the occupations code sets out the Board’s obligation to provide

notice of impending license expiration:


       Not later than the 30th day before the expiration date of a person’s license, the board
       shall send written notice of the impending license expiration to the person at the
       person’s last known address according to the board’s records.


Tex. Occ. Code Ann. § 503.353. Section 503.354 of the occupations code sets out the procedures

for a licensee to renew her license:


       (a) A license holder is responsible for renewing the license before the expiration date
       of the license.

       (b) A person may renew an unexpired license by paying the required renewal fee to
       the board before the expiration date of the license.

       (c) A person whose license has been expired for 90 days or less may renew the
       license by paying to the board a fee that is equal to 1-1/4 times the amount of the
       renewal fee.

       (d) If a person’s license has been expired for more than 90 days but less than one
       year, the person may renew the license by paying to the board a fee that is equal to
       1-1/2 times the amount of the renewal fee.

       (e) A person whose license has been expired for one year or more may not renew the
       license. The person may obtain a new license by complying with the requirements
       and procedures for obtaining an original license.


Id. § 503.354.

                 When construing a statute, we begin with its language. Shumake, 199 S.W.3d at 284.

Neither section 503.353 nor section 503.354 states that failure to comply with the former statute

excuses, tolls, or otherwise affects the deadlines imposed by the latter statute.         Moreover,



                                                  4
section 503.354 specifically states that the licensee is the responsible party for timely renewing

her license. See id. § 503.354(a). To construe the statutes to mean that the Board’s sending the

section 503.353 notice is a prerequisite to the licensee’s obligation to renew her license would be

to impose the initial responsibility for the license’s renewal on the Board—a result not contemplated

by the statutory structure. The language of the statutes indicates that the Board’s failure to give

notice does not affect the licensee’s responsibilities regarding license renewal.2

               Riley refers to the Texas Supreme Court’s statement that “[w]hen the statute is

silent about consequences of noncompliance, we look to the statute’s purpose in determining

the proper consequence of noncompliance.” See Albertson’s, Inc. v. Sinclair, 984 S.W.2d 958, 961

(Tex. 1999). This does not alter the analysis. The relevant statutes, here, require that a person be

licensed under occupations code chapter 503 to engage in the practice of professional counseling.

See Tex. Occ. Code Ann. § 503.301. The deadlines provided by section 503.354 ensure that a

licensee is up to date with license fees, see id. § 503.354, continuing education requirements, see id.

§ 503.351(2) (West Supp. 2009), and any other statutory requirements for a licensee, see id.

§ 503.351(1); see also 22 Tex. Admin. Code § 681.123(c) (2009) (renewal form includes criminal


       2
             Our interpretation of sections 503.353 and 503.354 is consistent with the
statutes’ legislative history. When the relevant provisions were enacted in 1981, the licensee was
“responsible for renewing his license before the expiration date,” and notice of license expiration
by the Board was not required until 30 days after the expiration date. See Act of June 1, 1981,
67th Leg., R.S., ch. 775, sec. 14(f), (g), 1981 Tex. Gen. Laws 2913, 2920. In 1993, the legislature
amended the statutes to require that notice be sent at least 30 days before the expiration date, but
the provision regarding the licensee being the responsible party was not removed or revised. See
Act of May 26, 1993, 73d Leg., R.S., ch. 581, § 12, sec. 14(h), (n), 1993 Tex. Gen. Laws 2196,
2203-04. On recodification, the statutes retained both the pre-expiration notice and the placing of
responsibility on the licensee. See Act of May 13, 1999, 76th Leg., R.S., ch. 388, § 1, secs. 503.353,
.354(a), 1999 Tex. Gen. Laws 1431, 1905.

                                                  5
history information). An apparent purpose of section 503.354’s deadlines, then, is that licensees

remain subject to the Board’s oversight. In this context, the section 503.353 notice serves as a

reminder, not a trigger for deadlines. Under Riley’s interpretation of the statutes, if for any reason

the Board failed in its administrative responsibility to send notice to a licensee, the licensee would

remain licensed—even if he failed to fulfill the applicable continuing education requirements

or otherwise became unfit to be licensed—until the Board learned of its administrative error. This

conflicts with the purposes of occupations code chapter 503.

               We also note that these are not circumstances in which the licensee is unable to

timely renew her license in the absence of prior notice. Cf. Commercial Life Ins. Co. v. Texas State

Bd. of Ins., 774 S.W.2d 650, 651-52 (Tex. 1989) (holding that deadline to file motion for rehearing

following agency order was tolled until party received notice because otherwise party had no

notice of order and would be precluded from appealing order). Even if it is true, as Riley argues, that

a licensee cannot know for certain “how to renew” without notice because the Board might change

the applicable procedures, Riley does not assert that the Board can change the expiration date itself

that is applicable to a particular license from the date of its issuance. Moreover, a licensee’s

ability to obtain an unexpired license following the expiration date, although made more costly or

difficult, is not removed. Within a year of the expiration date, a license may be renewed by paying

an increased fee. See Tex. Occ. Code Ann. § 503.354(c), (d). After the end of the year, a license

may be obtained in accordance with the procedures applicable to a new license. See id. § 503.354(e);

see also id. § 503.302 (West Supp. 2009) (qualifications for license), § 503.305 (West Supp. 2009)

(license examination), § 503.3055 (West Supp. 2009) (jurisprudence examination).



                                                  6
                Riley contends that the Board’s regulations support her interpretation because

they state that the board “will send notice.” See 22 Tex. Admin. Code § 681.123(a); see also

Tarrant Appraisal Dist. v. Moore, 845 S.W.2d 820, 823 (Tex. 1993) (construction of statute

by administrative agency charged with its enforcement is entitled to serious consideration if

construction reasonable and does not contradict plain language of statute). However, as with the

relevant statutes, none of the regulations provides that the Board’s failure to comply with the notice

requirement excuses, tolls, or otherwise affects the renewal deadlines imposed on the licensee. We

also note that, effective April 27, 2008, the following provision was added to the Board’s

regulations: “Failure to receive notice does not relieve the licensee from the responsibility to

timely renew.” 22 Tex. Admin. Code § 681.123(b). Moreover, prior to such addition, the

regulations stated that the license holder was “responsible for renewing the license,” and “shall not

be excused” from paying any late fees or penalty fees. See 28 Tex. Reg. 4134, adopted 28 Tex. Reg.

1329, 1352 (2003), amended by 33 Tex. Reg. 3268, adopted 33 Tex. Reg. 476, 489-90 (2008).3

                Next, Riley argues that the Board’s denial of her license’s renewal without first

providing her notice of the license’s expiration date was a violation of her constitutional right to


       3
          Riley also argues that the statutory requirement that notice be sent 30 days prior to the date
of expiration is mandatory and not directory. The mandatory/directory distinction might be relevant
if the Board were attempting to enforce a right arising from a late or undelivered notice. See, e.g.,
Edwards Aquifer Auth. v. Chemical Lime, Ltd., 291 S.W.3d 392, 402-05 (Tex. 2009) (applicant
sought to obtain permit despite application’s post-deadline filing); Texas Dep’t of Pub. Safety
v. Dear, 999 S.W.2d 148, 150-51 (Tex. App.—Austin 1999, no pet.) (drivers’ license suspension
upheld in hearing held after time period when hearing “shall be held”). Here, however, even if we
determined that the 30-day deadline for notice is mandatory, we would still be left with the issue in
this case: whether the Board’s failure to timely provide notice excuses or tolls Riley’s independent
responsibility to renew her license. We have already concluded that it does not. Thus, we need not
decide whether the 30-day deadline for notice is mandatory or directory.

                                                   7
due process. See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 2001.174(2)(A) (administrative decision may be reversed

if in violation of constitutional provision). Assuming without deciding that Riley had a property

interest in her license warranting protection under the federal and state constitutions, any such

interest had an expiration date. Riley might have been entitled to notice and an opportunity to

be heard in the event that the Board sought to revoke her license during its term. See, e.g., House

of Tobacco, Inc. v. Calvert, 394 S.W.2d 654, 657 (Tex. 1965) (due process applies to revocation

of cigarette distribution license). Here, however, Riley’s license expired in accordance with its

statutory expiration date and Riley did not comply with the statutory renewal procedures. Therefore,

the expiration of Riley’s license did not cause the loss of a protected property right. See Smith

v. Travis County Bail Bond Bd., 559 S.W.2d 693, 694 (Tex. Civ. App.—Austin 1977, no writ).

               We recognize Riley’s allegation that the Board’s failure to give notice preceded

and contributed to Riley’s failure to comply with the applicable renewal requirements. However,

any property rights here have their origin in the applicable licensing statutes, and as we have

concluded, the pre-expiration notice is not a statutory prerequisite to Riley’s obligation to comply

with the applicable renewal requirements. Consequently, Riley cannot elevate the provision of pre-

expiration notice to a constitutional right with respect to the non-renewal of her license. See Board

of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 577 (1972) (property interests created by state law and have their

dimensions defined by state law).




                                                 8
Conclusion

               We conclude that the Board’s failure to provide notice of impending license

expiration as required by occupations code section 503.353 did not excuse, toll, or otherwise affect

Riley’s independent responsibility to comply with occupations code section 503.354 in order to

renew her license to practice professional counseling. Therefore, we hold that the Board properly

denied Riley’s application for renewal of her license. The judgment of the district court is affirmed.




                                               __________________________________________

                                               G. Alan Waldrop, Justice

Before Chief Justice Jones, Justices Waldrop and Henson

Affirmed

Filed: May 14, 2010




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