                     United States Court of Appeals
                            FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
                                   ___________

                                   No. 08-3153
                                   ___________

Maria Cecilia Rios-Vivar,               *
                                        *
            Petitioner,                 *
                                        * Appeal from the Board of
      v.                                * Immigration Appeals.
                                        *
                                     1
Eric H. Holder, Jr., Attorney General , * [UNPUBLISHED]
                                        *
            Defendant - Appellant.      *
                                   ___________

                             Submitted: May 11, 2009
                                Filed: May 18, 2009
                                 ___________

Before LOKEN, Chief Judge, BYE, Circuit Judge, and MILLER, District Judge.2
                              ___________

PER CURIAM.

       Maria Rios-Vivar, a Mexican citizen, petitions for review of a Board of
Immigration Appeals (BIA) order, which affirmed an Immigration Judge's (IJ's) denial
of her application for asylum and withholding of removal. We deny the petition.



      1
      Pursuant to FRAP 43(c)(2), Attorney General Eric H. Holder, Jr., is
automatically substituted for Michael B. Mukasey as Defendant-Appellant.
      2
        The Honorable Brian Stacy Miller, United States District Judge for the Eastern
District of Arkansas, sitting by designation.
       The IJ denied the asylum application as untimely because it was filed fifteen
years after Rios Vivar's 1992 illegal entry into the United States, well beyond the one
year statute of limitations. See 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(B). Although the one-year
period may be excused if the asylum applicant can demonstrate "changed
circumstances" or "extraordinary circumstances," 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(D), we lack
jurisdiction to review the factual determination that Vivar-Rios failed to demonstrate
such circumstances. Malonga v. Mukasey, 546 F.3d 546, 551 (8th Cir. 2008) ("This
circuit has routinely held that whether an untimely application should be excused
involves the discretionary judgment of the Attorney General and, as such, is
unreviewable."); Tolego v. Gonzales, 452 F.3d 763, 766 (8th Cir. 2006) ("[T]his court
lacks jurisdiction to review either the IJ's determination that the asylum application
was not timely filed or the Attorney General's decision rejecting the applicant's
complaint of changed circumstances."). Even though the statute of limitations "shall
not 'be construed as precluding review of constitutional claims or questions of law,'"
Purwantono v. Gonzales, 498 F.3d 822, 824 (8th Cir. 2007) (quoting 8 U.S.C.
§ 1252(a)(2)(D)), Rios-Vivar has not raised a constitutional claim or question of law.
We thus lack jurisdiction over Rios-Vivar's asylum claim. See Barolo-Diego v.
Gonzales, 490 F.3d 1024, 1026 (8th Cir. 2007) ("In the absence of alleged
constitutional violations or errors of law, we lack jurisdiction to review the
determination that [the asylum] application was untimely and that no extraordinary
circumstances had been presented that might excuse its untimeliness.").

       Having carefully reviewed the record, see Falaja v. Gonzales, 418 F.3d 889, 894
(8th Cir. 2005) (standard of review), we also deny Rios-Vivar's petition as to her
withholding of removal claim. Although she did not testify that she had ever been
subjected to any form of past persecution, she testified she feared being killed only
because her cousin was randomly kidnaped and killed in Mexico. The IJ's finding that
there was no past persecution based on a protected ground is supported by substantial
evidence, and no reasonable factfinder would be bound to find it was more likely than
not that Rios-Vivar would be persecuted upon removal based upon a protected

                                         -2-
ground. See Bartolo-Diego v.Gonzales, 490 F.3d 1024, 1028 (8th Cir. 2007) (holding
random criminality does not establish an applicant would be more likely than not to
suffer future persecution).

      For these reasons, we deny the petition.
                      ______________________________




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