
83 N.Y.2d 828 (1994)
633 N.E.2d 1099
611 N.Y.S.2d 495
In the Matter of Gianfranco Donati, Respondent,
v.
Gail S. Shaffer, as Secretary of State of the State of New York, Appellant.
Court of Appeals of the State of New York.
Decided March 24, 1994.
G. Oliver Koppell, Attorney-General, New York City (Vincent Leong and Jerry Boone of counsel), for appellant.
Peter M. Redmond, Bayside, for respondent.
Chief Judge KAYE and Judges SIMONS, TITONE, BELLACOSA, SMITH, LEVINE and CIPARICK concur in memorandum.
*829MEMORANDUM.
The order of the Appellate Division should be reversed, insofar as appealed from, with costs, and the determination of the Secretary of State ordering interest to be paid as part of the restitution award should be reinstated.
This Court granted leave to the Secretary of State to decide *830 whether that officer has the authority to order payment of interest on restitution (Real Property Law § 441-c).
In Matter of Gold v Lomenzo (29 N.Y.2d 468) we held the Secretary of State has "inherent" authority to impose conditions on the reinstatement of a broker's license  including the payment of restitution (id., at 479). Thereafter, we upheld a penalty imposed by the Secretary of State that required a realtor to return the "ill-gotten profit" from the sale of property, against a challenge that the penalty was unduly harsh (see, Kostika v Cuomo, 41 N.Y.2d 673, 677). Concluding that "the secretary must be accorded broad discretion in imposing penalties" to safeguard the public interest and discourage improper practices, we held that the penalty imposed  the return of profit on the sale transaction  most effectively accomplished these goals (id.).
Petitioner's contention that, absent statutory authorization or a contractual agreement, the Secretary is without authority to require interest payments fails in light of this Court's holdings in Matter of Gold v Lomenzo (29 N.Y.2d 468, supra) and Kostika v Cuomo (41 N.Y.2d 673, supra). Interest on wrongfully obtained commissions is not an award separate from restitution but, rather, represents the present economic value of the restitution itself. The imposition of a condition precedent to reinstatement of a suspended broker's license of restitution plus interest removes the incentive to obtain commissions by deceitful practices (Kostika v Cuomo, supra, at 677). Moreover the Secretary of State's determination in this respect, the only aspect before us, does not shock the judicial conscience (see, Matter of Pell v Board of Educ., 34 N.Y.2d 222).
On review of submissions pursuant to section 500.4 of the Rules of the Court of Appeals (22 NYCRR 500.4), order reversed, etc.
