                                           COURT OF APPEALS
                                        EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
                                             EL PASO, TEXAS


    ROSA SERRANO D/B/A THE LENS                                §
    FACTORY,                                                        No. 08-12-00101-CV
                                                               §
                                Appellant,                             Appeal from the
                                                               §
    v.                                                               327th District Court
                                                               §
    PELLICANO PARK, L.L.C.,                                        of El Paso County, Texas
                                                               §
                                Appellee.                          (TC#2012-DCV-02335)
                                                               §


                                                   OPINION

         Appellant, Rosa Serrano, appeals the order of the 327th District Court dissolving a temporary

restraining order and denying temporary injunctive relief. We dismiss the appeal for want of

jurisdiction.

                                                 BACKGROUND

           The subject matter of this appeal stems from a sworn complaint for forcible detainer and

eviction filed in Cause No. 411-520F by Pellicano Park, L.L.C., a Texas Limited Liability

Company (Appellee) which sought to evict TLP-ELP Enterprises Inc., a Texas Corporation d/b/a

The Lens Factory1 from two commercial properties in El Paso, Texas. The eviction was filed in


1
    Appellant, Rosa Serrano was not a party to the eviction.
Justice of the Peace Court, Precinct Four, in El Paso County, Texas (Justice Court Four).

       Appellant appeared pro se on behalf of TLP-ELP at the eviction proceedings. At the

conclusion of a jury trial, a judgment was entered on November 22, 2011, awarding possession of

the premises to Appellee and ordering TLP-ELP to pay Appellee’s costs of court including

attorney’s fees in the amount of $731. TLP-ELP filed notice of appeal and a Pauper’s Affidavit of

Rosa Serrano, who was not a party to the eviction, pursuant to Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 749a.

TEX. R. CIV. P. 749a. At a hearing on December 13, 2011, Justice Court Four denied the Pauper’s

Affidavit, set bond at $3,200, and directed that the bond be paid within five days.   TEX. R. CIV. P.

749 (either party may appeal from a final judgment in a forcible entry and detainer case to the

county court of the county in which the judgment is rendered by filing with the justice within five

days after the judgment is signed, a bond to be approved by said justice); TEX. R. CIV. P. 752; TEX.

PROP. CODE ANN. § 24.0051 (West 2000).

       Appellant then filed in this Court a petition for writ of mandamus in Cause Number

08-11-00294-CV against Judge Barbara Perez of Justice Court Four, which was denied on January

18, 2012. Appellant also filed Cause No. 2011-CCV10315 in County Court at Law Number

Three of El Paso County, Texas (County Court Three), an appeal of Justice Court Four’s denial of

the Pauper’s Affidavit. At a hearing held on January 20, 2012, County Court Three affirmed

Justice Court Four’s denial of the Pauper’s Affidavit and the order setting bond.

       Appellant responded by filing in this Court Cause Number 08-12-00020-CV, an

“Emergency Stay to Writ of Possession Injunctive Relief” and a petition for writ of mandamus by

which Appellant sought to set aside the County Court Three’s ruling on appeal. We denied the

motion for emergency stay on February 3, 2012, and the writ of mandamus on March 7, 2012.


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Meanwhile, Appellant failed to pay the appeal bond required by Justice Court Four. Justice Court

Four ordered that the bond be disallowed and that the writ of possession issue. The writ of

possession issued on February 1, 2012, and was executed on February 6, 2012.

       On February 7, 2012, in Cause No. 2012-DCV-02335, Appellant filed the instant cause of

action in the 327th District Court seeking a temporary restraining order and injunctive relief

against Appellee, Pellicano Park, which the court granted. Appellant filed the action as Rosa

Serrano doing business as The Lens Factory. On February 23, 2012, after finding the matters

presented to the court were subject to another lawsuit, the 327th District Court dissolved the

temporary restraining order, denied Appellant’s request for temporary injunction, and granted

Appellee’s motion to dismiss with prejudice to the rights of Appellant to refile.

       Appellant presents seven issues on appeal challenging the order of the 327th District Court.

During the pendency of this appeal, we referred this case for mediation. In response, Appellee

filed its response to notice of the interlocutory appeal and to the order for mediation referral. In

its response, Appellee presents its motion to dismiss this appeal based on Appellant’s lack of

standing and our lack of jurisdiction, argues that Appellant’s pleadings are frivolous and constitute

an abuse of the legal system, and objects to the order for mediation because there are no grounds

for our consideration of the appeal and, absent a duly-licensed attorney representing a proper

Appellant as required, the goals of mediation cannot be accomplished.

                                          DISCUSSION

       Appellant filed this cause of action pro se and as such we must construe her brief liberally.

Sterner v. Marathon Oil Co., 767 S.W.2d 686, 690 (Tex. 1989). Pro se litigants are held to the

same standards as licensed attorneys and must comply with all applicable laws and rules of


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procedure. Valadez v. Avitia, 238 S.W.3d 843, 845 (Tex.App.-- El Paso 2007, no pet.); Sweed v.

City of El Paso, 195 S.W.3d 784, 786 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2006, no pet.). A pro se litigant is

required to properly present her case on appeal, just as she is required to properly present her case

to the trial court. Martinez v. El Paso County, 218 S.W.3d 841, 844 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2007,

pet. struck). Without this rule, pro se litigants would be given an unfair advantage over parties

represented by counsel. Id. Likewise, we cannot make allowances because a litigant is not an

attorney. Id. Although Appellant is not an attorney, she has acted as one by representing herself

pro se. 2    Attorneys have a professional responsibility of candor to the court.                       See TEX.

DISCIPLINARY RULES PROF’L CONDUCT R. 3.03 reprinted in TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN., tit. 2, subtit.

G, app. A (West 2013) (lawyers shall not knowingly make false statements of material fact or law

to a tribunal).

        A plaintiff must have standing to file suit. Willis v. Marshall, 401 S.W.3d 689, 695

(Tex.App.--El Paso 2013, no pet.). Only the entity whose primary legal right has been breached

has standing to bring the cause of action. Id. at 696. When there is no breach of a legal right

belonging to the plaintiff, the plaintiff lacks standing. Nobles v. Marcus, 533 S.W.2d 923, 927

(Tex. 1976). When a plaintiff lacks standing to assert a claim, a court has no jurisdiction and must

2
  Appellant has a long history of filing pro se briefs, including: Serrano v. Union Planter’s Bank, N.A., 155 S.W.3d
381 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2004, no pet.); Serrano v. Union Planter's Bank, N.A., 162 S.W.3d 576, 577 (Tex.App.--El
Paso 2004, pet. denied); In re Serrano, 224 S.W.3d 225 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2005, orig. proceeding); Serrano v.
Ryan’s Crossing Apartments, 241 S.W.3d 560, 562 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2007, pet. denied); Serrano v. Francis
Properties I, Ltd., 411 S.W.3d 661, 667 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2013, no pet.); TLP–EPL Enterprises, Inc. v. El Paso
Times, No. 08–07–00114–CV, 2007 WL 2269733, at *1 (Tex.App.--El Paso Aug. 9, 2007, no pet.) (mem. op., not
designated for publication); Serrano v. First Prestons Mgmt. Corp., 346 S.W.3d 648 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2009, no
pet.); In re Serrano, No. 08–11–00145–CV, 2011 WL 2112753, at *1 (Tex.App.--El Paso May 27, 2011, orig.
proceeding) (mem. op., not designated for publication); Serrano v. Francis Properties I, Ltd., No. 08–11–00190–CV,
2011 WL 5189595, at *1 (Tex.App.--El Paso Nov. 2, 2011, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication); In re
Serrano, No. 08–11–00366–CV, 2012 WL 248044, at *1 (Tex.App.--El Paso Jan. 25, 2012, orig. proceeding) (mem.
op., not designated for publication); Serrano v. Pellicano Business Park, LLC, No. 08–12–00186–CV, 2012 WL
3100846, at *1 (Tex.App.--El Paso July 31, 2012, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication); Serrano v.
Pellicano Bus. Park, L.L.C., No. 08-13-00201-CV, 2013 WL 5873328 (Tex.App.--El Paso Oct. 30, 2013, pet. denied)
(mem. op., not designated for publication).
                                                         4
dismiss the claim. Heckman v. Williamson County, 369 S.W.3d 137, 150 (Tex. 2012). A cause

of action for injury to the property of a corporation is vested in the corporation and not its

shareholders individually. Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Davis, 140 Tex. 398, 406, 168

S.W.2d 216, 221 (1942); Redmon v. Griffith, 202 S.W.3d 225, 233 (Tex.App.--Tyler 2006, pet.

denied).

       As a general rule, corporations must be represented by a licensed attorney. Nevada Gold

& Silver, Inc. v. Andrews Indep. Sch. Dist., 225 S.W.3d 68, 70 n.1 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2005, no

pet.); see also, Dell Dev. Corp. v. Best Indus. Unif. Supply Co., Inc., 743 S.W.2d 302, 303

(Tex.App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1987, writ denied) (a corporation cannot be represented pro se by

an officer who is not an attorney). A non-attorney is permitted to file documents on behalf of

corporations for limited purposes, but is still prohibited from representing the corporation in court

proceedings. See Kunstoplast of Am., Inc. v. Formosa Plastics Corp., USA, 937 S.W.2d 455, 456

(Tex. 1996) (a non-attorney officer of a corporation may file the documents to perfect an appeal);

Rabb Intern., Inc. v. SHL Thai Food Serv., LLC, 346 S.W.3d 208, 210 (Tex.App.--Houston [14th

Dist.] 2011, no pet.) (documents filed by non-attorney on behalf of corporation are defective but

not void for limited purposes); Home Sav. of Am. FSB v. Harris County Water Control & Imp.

Dist. No. 70, 928 S.W.2d 217, 219 (Tex.App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1996, no writ) (response letter

filed by non-attorney on behalf of corporation may be used to preclude default judgment).

However, dissolution of a corporation does not abate any pending suit in which the corporation

may be involved. TEX. R. CIV. P. 160. See also TEX. R. CIV. P. 29 (when no receiver has been

appointed for a corporation which has been dissolved, a suit may still be brought and judgment

rendered as though the corporation had not been dissolved).


                                                 5
       In the suit pertaining to the eviction, although TLP-ELP Enterprises Inc., a Texas

Corporation d/b/a The Lens Factory is the party defendant, Rosa Serrano is not a named party. At

the hearing in the 327th District Court, Appellant contended that TLP-ELP Enterprises Inc., a

Texas corporation, had been dissolved, and that she is now the sole proprietor of the entity doing

business as The Lens Factory.        However, Appellant provided no documentation of the

corporation’s purported dissolution, and offered no legal basis to demonstrate that she is a proper

party to the litigation or any proceedings arising therefrom. Appellant failed to explain in her

temporary restraining order petition before the 327th District Court that she was not a named or

proper party to the forcible entry and detainer proceedings, and made statements to the court

indicating that she was a party in those proceedings. Even if TLP-ELP Enterprises Inc. had been

dissolved at the time Appellant filed the petition for a temporary restraining order, it remained a

party to the pending eviction litigation and could not have been replaced in the matter by Appellant

at her will. TEX. R. CIV. P. 160; see also Davis, 168 S.W.2d at 221, Redmon, 202 S.W.3d at 233.

       There is evidence in the record that County Court Three admonished Appellant that she

could not provide pro se representation to a corporation. There is no evidence supporting

Appellant’s claim that the corporate status of TLP-ELP Enterprises Inc., a Texas Corporation d/b/a

The Lens Factory has changed, and no legal basis for concluding that Appellant has standing in

this case. We conclude Appellant lacks standing to bring suit when the proper party for the

subject matter of the claims is the entity TLP-ELP Enterprises Inc., a Texas Corporation. See

Willis, 401 S.W.3d at 696, Redmon, 202 S.W.3d at 233. Because Appellant lacks standing, we

have no jurisdiction over this appeal and it must be dismissed. Heckman, 369 S.W.3d at 150.

       We note that in the course of determining that it lacked jurisdiction, the 327th District


                                                 6
Court warned Appellant to be cautious “because you’re going to find yourself in a position where

if you keep filing these lawsuits on the same issue as this eviction, you’re going to find yourself

being [declared] as a vexatious litigant[,]” and warning Appellant that “if everybody got to just

say, ‘Oh, I don’t like that decision[,] [n]ow I’m going to go somewhere else,’ we’d have chaos.

So we have to be orderly about this.” The 327th District Court dismissed Appellant’s lawsuit

with prejudice to Appellant’s rights to refile any part of it, found that the matters presented therein

were subject to another lawsuit, and precluded Appellant from filing another cause of action in any

court based on the matters arising under the facts of the cause of action. Despite the 327th District

Court’s written order and oral warnings, Appellant proceeded to file this appeal, placed a lien on

the property, and subsequently appealed the removal of the lien in another cause of action. See

Serrano v. Pellicano Bus. Park, L.L.C., No. 08-13-00201-CV, 2013 WL 5873328, at *1

(Tex.App.--El Paso Oct. 30, 2013, pet. denied) (mem. op., not designated for publication)

(Appellant’s appeal of an order vacating a lien was statutorily barred and was dismissed for lack of

jurisdiction).

         We observe that a party who knowingly brings a fictitious suit, or makes false or

groundless statements in a pleading, including for purposes of delaying litigation proceedings,

risks the imposition of sanctions. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 13; see also TEX. DISCIPLINARY RULES

PROF’L CONDUCT R. 3.03 (West 2013) (lawyers shall not knowingly make false statements of

material fact or law to a tribunal). A court may also find a pro se litigant who repeatedly

commences, prosecutes, or maintains litigations to be vexatious when the criteria of Section

11.054 of the Civil Practices and Remedies Code are shown.3 See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE


3
  A court may find a plaintiff a vexatious litigant if the defendant shows that there is not a reasonable probability that
the plaintiff will prevail in the litigation against the defendant and that:
                                                            7
ANN. §§ 11.051–11.057 (addressing vexatious litigants).

         We grant Appellee’s motion and dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction.

                                                  CONCLUSION

         The motion to dismiss is granted and the appeal is dismissed for want of jurisdiction.



                                                        GUADALUPE RIVERA, Justice
March 28, 2014

Before McClure, C.J., Rivera, and Rodriguez, JJ.




        (1) the plaintiff, in the seven-year period immediately preceding the date the defendant makes the motion
        under Section 11.051, has commenced, prosecuted, or maintained at least five litigations as a pro se litigant
        other than in a small claims court that have been:
                  (A) finally determined adversely to the plaintiff;
                  (B) permitted to remain pending at least two years without having been brought to trial or hearing;
                  or
                  (C) determined by a trial or appellate court to be frivolous or groundless under state or federal laws
                  or rules of procedure;
        (2) after a litigation has been finally determined against the plaintiff, the plaintiff repeatedly relitigates or
        attempts to relitigate, pro se , either:
                  (A) the validity of the determination against the same defendant as to whom the litigation was
                  finally determined; or
                  (B) the cause of action, claim, controversy, or any of the issues of fact or law determined or
                  concluded by the final determination against the same defendant as to whom the litigation was
                  finally determined; or
        (3) the plaintiff has previously been declared to be a vexatious litigant by a state or federal court in an action
        or proceeding based on the same or substantially similar facts, transition, or occurrence.
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 11.054 (West Supp. 2013).

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