                             STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA 

                           SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS 



                                                                                    FILED
Keith R. Jeffers, 

Petitioner Below, Petitioner                                                    March 23, 2018 

                                                                               EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
                                                                               SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
vs) No. 17-0490 (Kanawha County 17-P-84)                                           OF WEST VIRGINIA


Ralph Terry, Acting Warden,
Mt. Olive Correctional Complex,
Respondent Below, Respondent

                               MEMORANDUM DECISION

      Petitioner Keith R. Jeffers, pro se, appeals the May 9, 2017, order of the Circuit Court of
Kanawha County denying his petition for writ of habeas corpus. Respondent Ralph Terry, Acting
Warden, Mt. Olive Correctional Complex,1 by counsel Gordon L. Mowen, II, filed a response.

        The Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. This case satisfies the “limited circumstances” requirement of Rule 21(d) of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure and is appropriate for a memorandum decision rather than an
opinion. For the reasons expressed below, the decision of the circuit court is affirmed, in part, and
reversed, in part, and this case is remanded to the circuit court for specific findings of fact and
conclusions of law regarding petitioner’s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel.

         Petitioner was convicted on January 28, 2008, of three counts of first-degree murder, one
count of attempted first-degree murder, one count of attempted second-degree murder, two counts
of malicious assault, and one count of burglary. With regard to the murder convictions, the jury did
not recommend mercy. Accordingly, the circuit court sentenced petitioner to three life terms of
incarceration without the possibility of parole and imposed the statutory maximum sentence for
each of the other counts. The circuit court ordered that petitioner serve his sentences
consecutively. Petitioner sought review of his convictions, but this Court refused his appeal by an
order entered on June 3, 2009. The Supreme Court of the United States denied certiorari. See
Jeffers v. West Virginia, 559 U.S. 1092 (2010).

       1
        Since the filing of the appeal in this case, the warden at Mount Olive Correctional
Complex has changed and the acting warden is now Ralph Terry. The Court has made the
necessary substitution of parties pursuant to Rule 41(c) of the West Virginia Rules of Appellate
Procedure.

                                                 1

        On May 26, 2010, petitioner filed his first petition for writ of habeas corpus, alleging four
grounds of relief: (1) that a number of jurors were dismissed by the circuit court and the attorneys
in advance of trial without petitioner’s knowledge and without him being present; (2) that the
circuit court erred in instructing the jury with regard to evidence of flight; (3) that the circuit court
erred in not granting a continuance in order for the defense to locate a witness; and (4) that the
circuit court erred in making various evidentiary rulings at trial. By order entered June 11, 2010,
the circuit court denied habeas relief without a hearing, finding that the allegations regarding the
dismissal of the jurors were untrue and that the other grounds lacked merit based upon the record
before the court. Petitioner did not appeal the denial of his first habeas petition.

        On October 22, 2010, petitioner filed his second habeas petition, alleging a total of seven
grounds for relief. The first four grounds were the same four grounds that petitioner previously
raised in his first habeas proceeding. However, the final three grounds set forth in the second
habeas petition were new: (1) that the circuit court improperly interfered with the underlying
criminal case against petitioner; (2) that the prosecutor engaged in misconduct; and (3) that
petitioner’s trial attorneys provided ineffective assistance. On October 25, 2010, the circuit court
denied petitioner’s second habeas petition without a hearing. Petitioner appealed the circuit court’s
October 25, 2010, order in Jeffers v. Ballard, No. 11-0433, 2012 WL 3031055 (W.Va. March 12,
2012) (memorandum decision). This Court affirmed the denial of habeas relief. Id. at *2.

         On February 15, 2017, petitioner filed the instant habeas petition,2 alleging five grounds of
relief: (1) that petitioner’s trial attorneys provided ineffective assistance; (2) that the prosecutor
elicited false testimony from an expert witness; (3) that the two surviving victims misidentified
petitioner as the shooter through overly suggestive photo arrays; (4) that insufficient evidence
supported petitioner’s convictions; and (5) that petitioner was denied due process at his trial
because of the cumulative effective of various errors. The circuit court denied the instant habeas
petition by order entered May 9, 2017, ruling as follows: “After careful review of [petitioner’s
petition], as well as the record before the [c]ourt, this [c]ourt finds that [petitioner’s] contentions of
fact and law fail to adequately support his grounds for extraordinary post-conviction relief.”

        Petitioner now appeals the circuit court’s May 9, 2017, order denying the instant habeas
petition. We apply the following standard of review in habeas appeals:

                In reviewing challenges to the findings and conclusions of the circuit court
        in a habeas corpus action, we apply a three-prong standard of review. We review
        the final order and the ultimate disposition under an abuse of discretion standard;
        the underlying factual findings under a clearly erroneous standard; and questions of
        law are subject to a de novo review. Syl. Pt. 1, Mathena v. Haines, 219 W.Va. 417,
        633 S.E.2d 771 (2006).


        2
         The doctrine of res judicata does not bar the instant petition because the first two such
petitions were denied without a hearing or appointment of counsel. See Syl. Pt. 2, Losh v.
McKenzie, 166 W.Va. 762, 277 S.E.2d 606 (1981).
                                                    2

Syl. Pt. 1, Watts v. Ballard, 238 W.Va. 730, 798 S.E.2d 856 (2017). In syllabus point two of Watts,
this Court reiterated as follows:

               “West Virginia Code section 53-4A-7(c) (1994) requires a circuit court
       denying or granting relief in a habeas corpus proceeding to make specific findings
       of fact and conclusions of law relating to each contention advanced by the
       petitioner, and to state the grounds upon which the matter was determined.” Syl. Pt.
       1, State ex rel. Watson v. Hill, 200 W.Va. 201, 488 S.E.2d 476 (1997).

Id. at 731, 798 S.E.2d at 857.

        On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying habeas relief without a
hearing or appointment of counsel. Petitioner suggests that this Court cannot meaningfully review
the denial of habeas relief because the circuit court failed to make specific findings of fact and
conclusions of law to support its ruling. Petitioner argues that the circuit court’s order should be
reversed and the case remanded for further proceedings. If this Court does not determine that a
habeas hearing and appointment of counsel are warranted at this time, petitioner argues that the
circuit court should be directed to make sufficient findings of fact and conclusions of law.

        Respondent concedes that the circuit court’s order denying habeas relief is “sparse.”
However, respondent requests that we affirm the denial of habeas relief because petitioner’s
claims are without merit. To the extent that we determine that the circuit court’s order is so
insufficient that it cannot be upheld, respondent concedes that the appropriate remedy under Watts
is to remand this case for the circuit court to make specific findings of fact and conclusions of law
to support its ruling.

        Except for petitioner’s claim that he received ineffective assistance of counsel, we agree
with respondent that a remand is not necessary in this case because the issues raised by petitioner
are without merit See State v. VanHoose, 227 W.Va. 37, 50 n.39, 705 S.E.2d 544, 557 n.39 (2010)
(finding that a remand was not necessary because the record was adequately developed in that
case). Though not addressing each issue on an individual basis, the circuit court stated that it
reviewed the instant petition and the record and found that both petitioner’s factual assertions and
legal arguments lacked merit. The judge who entered the May 9, 2017, order denying habeas relief
was the same judge who presided at petitioner’s trial. In Watson, we found that a judge who
presided at trial is sufficiently familiar with the underlying proceedings to determine most habeas
issues without a hearing. 200 W.Va. at 204, 488 S.E.2d at 479. Therefore, except for petitioner’s
ineffective assistance of counsel claim, we conclude that the record establishes that the circuit
court’s findings were sufficient to support the denial of the instant habeas petition as his other
grounds for relief lacked merit.

       With regard to the ineffective assistance of counsel claim, we reiterated in Watson that
“[t]hose issues, such as incompetency of counsel, of which [the petitioner] would have been
unaware at trial, must be litigated in a collateral proceeding.” Id. (quoting Losh v. McKenzie, 166
W.Va. 762, 767, 277 S.E.2d 606, 610 (1981)). At the same time, we indicated that a hearing might
not have been ordered if the circuit court had made findings adequate to show that the petitioner’s
                                                 3

claim would have failed under the applicable Strickland/Miller standard for ineffective assistance,3
stating that “[i]f that was the court’s reasoning, it should have been included in the order[.]” Id.
Therefore, we conclude that a remand is necessary for the circuit court to make specific findings of
fact and conclusions of law regarding petitioner’s ineffective assistance claim.

         For the foregoing reasons, we affirm, in part, and reverse, in part, the May 9, 2017, order of
the Circuit Court of Kanawha County and remand this case to the circuit court for specific findings
of fact and conclusions of law as to whether petitioner’s ineffective assistance claim fails under the
applicable Strickland/Miller standard.

                                                            Affirmed, in part, Reversed, in part, and
                                                            Remanded with Directions.


ISSUED: March 23, 2018

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Allen H. Loughry II
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker




       3
         In West Virginia, claims of ineffective assistance of counsel are governed by the
two-pronged test established in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984), which requires the
following: (1) counsel’s performance was deficient under an objective standard of reasonableness;
and (2) there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of
the proceedings would have been different. See Syl. Pt. 5, State v. Miller, 194 W.Va. 3, 459 S.E.2d
114 (1995) (adopting Strickland).
                                                  4

