J-S59017-15

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,           :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                        :        PENNSYLVANIA
                   Appellee             :
                                        :
             v.                         :
                                        :
WILLIAM R. WELSH,                       :
                                        :
                   Appellant            :   No. 8 WDA 2015

             Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence July 31, 2014,
                  Court of Common Pleas, Allegheny County,
               Criminal Division at No. CP-02-CR-0010682-2013

BEFORE: BOWES, DONOHUE and FITZGERALD*, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY DONOHUE, J.:                    FILED SEPTEMBER 29, 2015

       William R. Welsh (“Welsh”) appeals from the July 31, 2014 judgment

of sentence entered by the Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas

following his conviction of third-degree murder.1 Upon review, we affirm.

       On July 26, 2013, Welsh, age eighty-nine, shot William Menni (“the

victim”), age fifty-eight, twice in the neck, killing him.    The two had

previously been friends and coworkers for over twenty years, working

together at the funeral home Welsh owned in Homestead, Pennsylvania.

The two had shared a father-son relationship, with the victim also sharing a

close relationship with members of Welsh’s family.

       In or around May 2013, the owner of property located across from the

funeral home and adjacent to the funeral home’s parking lot was interested



1
    18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2502(c).

*Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S59017-15


in having someone demolish the house situated on the neighboring property,

and the Welshes asked the victim if he could help find someone to complete

the work. The victim decided to do the work himself, with the help of Ralph

Zimmerman (“Zimmerman”). According to the Welsh family, this led to the

deterioration of the relationship between the victim and the Welshes.

Welsh’s son, daughter and granddaughter, all of whom testified on his behalf

at trial, stated that the victim became incensed when Welsh would not

permit him to run cables across or place dumpsters on the funeral home’s

parking lot.   The victim reportedly spoke very aggressively to and made

numerous verbal threats against Welsh and his family members, including

wishing Welsh “had a heart attack and fucking died so that he wouldn’t have

to deal with [the Welsh family],” and, speaking to Welsh’s son, saying he

was “going to get yous [sic].”      N.T., 4/8-11/2014, at 171-72, 178-79.

According to the testimony of Welsh’s family members, this caused them to

fear for their own safety and Welsh’s safety in particular.2 Welsh’s son and

adult granddaughter described being “petrified,” “shaken,” and “scared”

after such interactions with the victim. Id. at 172, 182, 225.

      Welsh reportedly became housebound out of fear for what the victim

might to do him.    Dr. Lawrence Nelson, Welsh’s neighbor, testified to an

interaction between the victim and Welsh that he observed occur in the


2
   The record reflects that Welsh lived in the second-floor apartment above
the funeral home, and Welsh’s granddaughter lived in the third-floor
apartment.


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weeks leading up to the victim’s death.       According to Dr. Nelson, Welsh

came out of his house and began to cross the street. The victim was at the

demolition site and upon seeing Welsh, the two “stopped and looked at each

other.” Id. at 242. The victim reportedly “started coming at [Welsh] kind of

in a like rapid walk,” prompting Welsh to turn around and walk back into the

funeral home.    Id.    Welsh went inside the funeral home and the victim

“started beating at the door,” saying, “‘come out, you little girl.   Talk to

me.’” Id. at 243. Dr. Nelson saw the victim attempt to open the door with

a couple of keys that he had, but he was unsuccessful.

     Dr. Amer Ziad Akhrass, Welsh’s physician, saw Welsh “in early 2013,”

and noticed a “drastic change in [Welsh’s] status when he came in [for an

appointment.]”   Id. at 196.    Welsh informed Dr. Akhrass that “he’s been

very stressed” because of “encounters with a certain individual in his

neighborhood for the last month or so,” which “has been causing him a lot of

anxiety or stress.”    Id. at 196-97.    When Dr. Akhrass asked Welsh if he

could avoid this individual, Welsh responded that he could not, as “the

individual is very aggressive[.]”       Id. at 197.   Dr. Akhrass admitted,

however, that drastic changes in a patient of Welsh’s age were common.

     On July 26, 2013, Zimmerman, the victim’s adult son and his son’s

friend were working at the demolition site. The latter two went to lunch and

a short time later, the victim came to the property. Upon seeing the victim

at the site, Welsh put a loaded .380 caliber Kel-Tec pistol in his pocket and



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walked through the parking lot and called the victim’s name.       The victim

approached Welsh, and Zimmerman overheard the two speaking. According

to Zimmerman, Welsh told the victim he wanted debris that was on his

parking lot to be cleaned up, and the victim responded that he would have

his son and his son’s friend clean it up right after they returned from lunch.

Zimmerman turned his back as the two continued their conversation, which

Zimmerman stated was in a normal tone.           Zimmerman then heard a

gunshot. He turned around to see Welsh fire a second shot at the victim.

The shooting was also witnessed by two neighborhood children, ages twelve

and nine, who knew the victim and identified Welsh as the shooter.

Zimmerman ran over to the victim and called 9-1-1. Welsh observed him on

the phone and said, “Call the [f]’ing police. I don’t care what you do,” and

then walked back to the funeral home.

      The police came to the funeral home and found Welsh sitting outside

on the porch.   Upon being asked about the location of the gun by Jeffrey

DeSimone, Chief of the Homestead Police Department, Welsh informed him

that he had placed it inside a planter, and directed Chief DeSimone to the

room in which the gun was located.            Welsh’s granddaughter came

downstairs and, in the presence of the police, asked what was going on, to

which Welsh replied that he “shot the son of a bitch.”     Id. at 120.   Chief




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DeSimone provided Welsh with his Miranda3 warnings, and another officer

at the scene, Corporal Stephen Adams, re-Mirandized Welsh upon Chief

DeSimone’s departure to return to the crime scene. While sitting outside,

Welsh again said to Corporal Adams, “I shot the son of a bitch.” Id. at 128.

Approximately ten to fifteen minutes later, Welsh’s daughter came to the

house and asked what happened, and Welsh responded, “I screwed up. He’s

still alive.” Id. at 129.

       Chief DeSimone had known Welsh for approximately twenty years and

stated that Welsh’s demeanor while speaking with him was “normal.” Id. at

121.    Corporal Adams likewise testified that Welsh seemed “calm and

collected and aware of what had taken place.”          Id. at 129-30.      Welsh’s

daughter, on the other hand, described Welsh as appearing “gray” and

“[un]aware of the situation,” and his granddaughter described him as being

“in shock and scattered,” and that while she was standing on the porch with

him, he was unable to focus on her and forgot she was there. Id. at 209,

232-33.    Welsh’s granddaughter stated that while she was calling Welsh’s

son for help, she heard the police questioning Welsh, but that Welsh was not

answering    the   questions   asked,   instead   “talking   about   his   time   in

Normandy.”     Id. at 233.     Corporal Adams also testified that Welsh spoke

about being a World War II veteran, but indicated that it was something he

spoke of in the course of their conversation.


3
    Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966).


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     Welsh was subsequently taken into custody and gave a statement to

Detective Venerando Costa of the Allegheny County Homicide Unit after once

again being advised of his Miranda rights.

             [H]e said [“]no bullshit.           I’ll tell you what
           happened.[”]

              He said he was tired. Him [sic] and [the victim]
           were in a long-term – an argument. He was tired of
           being pushed around by [the victim] and that he
           shot him.

                                  *     *    *

              Mr. Welsh said he retrieved his gun from a closet,
           put it in his pants pocket, that he walked outside,
           walked to the parking lot. He got involved – that he
           began arguing with [the victim]. … He stated it
           stemmed from the demolition of the house that was
           being demolished[.] … [E]verything had to be [the
           victim’]s way. Mr. Welsh kept saying … [“]my way,
           my way, my way[,”] referring to [the victim] wanting
           his way all the time. … He stated that they got into
           an argument, the he believed [the victim] pushed
           him, and that he pulled out his gun and shot him two
           times.

Id. at 144-45. Following his arrest, Welsh spoke to the media, admitting on

camera that he shot the victim and stated, “Harassment all the time. Ask

some of the borough officials down at the Borough, Homestead Borough

Building.” Id. at 151.

     The Commonwealth charged Welsh with criminal homicide. At a bench

trial commencing on April 8, 2014, witnesses testified to the above-

summarized information.    Welsh also called several character witnesses,




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J-S59017-15


most of whom spoke to his reputation in the community for being peaceful

and law abiding, and some of whom spoke to the victim’s reputation for

being aggressive.

       On April 11, 2014, the trial court acquitted Welsh of first-degree

murder,4 but also concluded that the evidence supported a finding that

Welsh was guilty of third-degree murder, as opposed to voluntary

manslaughter.5      The trial court further found that the Commonwealth had

satisfied its burden of proof to negate a finding of self-defense beyond a

reasonable doubt.

       Welsh filed a post-verdict motion challenging the weight of the

evidence to support his conviction of third-degree murder instead of

voluntary manslaughter. At the July 31, 2014 sentencing hearing, the trial

court heard argument on Welsh’s motion, ultimately denying the motion.

       At the sentencing phase of the hearing, numerous witnesses testified

on both sides. There were impassioned pleas for leniency made by Welsh’s

friends and family members, and impassioned pleas for a lengthy sentence

made by members of the victim’s family.             After considering all of the

testimony,    the     presentence   investigation     report,   the   sentencing

memorandum filed by Welsh’s counsel (which included thirty-nine letters in

support of Welsh), victim impact statements, reports from the Behavioral


4
    18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2502(a).
5
    18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2503.


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Assessment Unit, and the statutorily required information, the trial court

sentenced Welsh to six to twelve years of incarceration.

      Welsh    filed   a   timely   post-sentence   motion    challenging   the

discretionary aspects of his sentence. The trial court denied the motion on

November 12, 2014.

      This timely appeal follows, wherein Welsh raises two issues for our

review:

          I. Was the verdict rendered contrary to the weight of
             the evidence presented where highly credible and
             substantial evidence supported a finding of voluntary
             manslaughter, not third[-]degree murder?

          II. Did the lower court abuse its discretion when it
              sentenced the 90-year-old appellant to a manifestly
              excessive and unreasonable period of six to twelve
              years of incarceration?

Welsh’s Brief at 4.

      We begin by addressing Welsh’s challenge to the weight of the

evidence, which we review according to the following standard:

               A claim alleging the verdict was against the
            weight of the evidence is addressed to the discretion
            of the trial court. Accordingly, an appellate court
            reviews the exercise of the trial court’s discretion; it
            does not answer for itself whether the verdict was
            against the weight of the evidence. It is well settled
            that the [factfinder] is free to believe all, part, or
            none of the evidence and to determine the credibility
            of the witnesses, and a new trial based on a weight
            of the evidence claim is only warranted where the
            [factfinder’s] verdict is so contrary to the evidence
            that it shocks one’s sense of justice. In determining
            whether this standard has been met, appellate



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              review is limited to whether the trial judge’s
              discretion was properly exercised, and relief will only
              be granted where the facts and inferences of record
              disclose a palpable abuse of discretion.

Commonwealth v. Tejada, 107 A.3d 788, 795-96 (Pa. Super. 2015)

(citation omitted).

      Welsh predicates his weight claim upon the testimony presented by his

witnesses regarding the series of threats made by the victim prior to the

shooting, which, according to Welsh, provoked him to act in a sudden heat

of passion.     Welsh’s Brief at 24.    The trial court provided the following

explanation for its denial of Welsh’s weight claim below:

                 In this matter, the facts presented led this [c]ourt
              to find that malice existed as well as the specific
              intent to harm. First, Welsh retrieved a loaded gun
              from his closet, he left his house, and he crossed the
              street to begin a confrontation with [the victim]. As
              [the victim] was turning to walk away, Welsh pulled
              out his gun and shot him twice in the head and neck
              area. This [c]ourt did not find credible the testimony
              of Welsh’s family that [the victim] was threatening
              and harassing Welsh to the point that Welsh would
              be in fear of bodily harm. Further, there was no
              evidence presented that there was sufficient
              provocation by [the victim] that would evoke a
              sudden and intense passion in Welsh such that it
              would negate the element of malice. Therefore, the
              verdict of third[-]degree murder was proper.

Trial Court Opinion, 6/9/2015, at 6.

      “Third degree murder is a killing done with legal malice, but without

the specific intent to kill; voluntary manslaughter is a form of homicide that

involves the specific intent to kill, but contains no legal malice as a result of



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passion and provocation.” Commonwealth v. Buterbaugh, 91 A.3d 1247,

1260-61 (Pa. Super. 2014) (en banc) (citing Commonwealth v. Pitts, 404

A.2d 1305, 1308 (Pa. 1979)), appeal denied, 104 A.3d 1 (Pa. 2014). “Malice

is defined as: wickedness of disposition, hardness of heart, cruelty,

recklessness of consequences, and a mind regardless of social duty,

although a particular person may not be intended to be injured[.] Malice

may be found where the defendant consciously disregarded an unjustified

and extremely high risk that his actions might cause serious bodily injury.”

Commonwealth v. Thompson, 106 A.3d 742, 757 (Pa. Super. 2014)

(citation omitted). “Malice may be inferred from the use of a deadly weapon

on a vital part of the victim’s body. Further, malice may be inferred after

considering the totality of the circumstances.”         Commonwealth v.

Garland, 63 A.3d 339, 345 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citation omitted).

       The record supports a finding that Welsh killed the victim and that he

acted with malice when doing so.     Upon seeing the victim outside, Welsh

took a loaded gun and went to confront him about debris on his parking lot.

N.T., 4/8-11/2014, at 79, 144-45. Other than Welsh’s statement to police

that he “believed” the victim pushed him, there is no indication of any

aggression on the part of the victim during this confrontation.   See id. at

145.     According   to   Zimmerman,   who   was   present   throughout   the

conversation between Welsh and the victim, the victim did not show any




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aggression prior to the shooting. Id. at 80. Thus, there was no evidence

that the victim provoked Welsh on the day in question.

      Furthermore, although Welsh’s family members testified to threats and

acts of aggression by the victim in the weeks leading up to the shooting and

testified that they were “petrified, “shaken,” and “scared,” see id. at 172,

182, 225, the trial court did not find credible their testimony that Welsh was

in fear of bodily harm. “[W]hen appellate review involves the trial court’s

findings of fact and credibility determinations, those findings are binding on

the reviewing court if they find support in the record.” Commonwealth v.

Myers, 722 A.2d 649, 652 (Pa. 1998). Our review of the record reveals that

it supports the trial court’s credibility determination in this regard, as Welsh

initiated the confrontation with the victim on the day in question without any

apparent fear for his safety.6

      The record reflects that Welsh shot the victim in a vital part of his

body and then walked away without rendering aid, indicating that he did not

care if Zimmerman called the police.     When asked what happened, Welsh

showed no remorse, stating that he “shot the son of a bitch,” and expressed

concern only when he thought that the victim survived the shooting. Id. at

120, 128, 129.    Thus, based upon the totality of the circumstances, the



6
   There was nothing in the record to suggest that Welsh’s act of bringing his
firearm with him to confront the victim was a sign that he was fearful of the
victim. There was no testimony that he did not carry his firearm in the
normal course of his day when he left the house.


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weight of the evidence supports a finding that Welsh killed the victim with

malice. See Thompson, 196 A.3d at 757; Garland, 63 A.3d at 345. We

therefore find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s conclusion that Welsh

was guilty of third-degree murder.

      The second issue Welsh raises challenges the discretionary aspects of

his sentence, which, as Welsh recognizes, is not subject to our review as a

matter of right.    Rather, “[a]n appellant must satisfy a four-part test to

invoke this Court’s jurisdiction when challenging the discretionary aspects of

a sentence.” Tejada, 107 A.3d at 797 (citation omitted). This requires the

appellant to satisfy all of the following:

            (1) the appellant preserved the issue either by
            raising it at the time of sentencing or in a post[-
            ]sentence motion; (2) the appellant filed a timely
            notice of appeal; (3) the appellant set forth a concise
            statement of reasons relied upon for the allowance of
            his appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) the
            appellant raises a substantial question for our
            review.

Id. (citation omitted).

      Our review of the record reveals that Welsh satisfied the first three

prongs. In his 2119(f) statement, Welsh asserts that his sentence is “clearly

unreasonable,”     as   his   sentence    is   “manifestly   excessive   under   the

circumstances of his case, violating both 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(c) and [the]




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fundamental norms underlying the sentencing process.” Welsh’s Brief at 6.7

Welsh clarifies that he contests the sentencing court’s imposition of a “de

facto life sentence,” as Welsh is ninety years of age and in poor health. Id.

He further points to numerous mitigating factors that the trial court failed to

consider, including   “Welsh’s advance[d] age,       his character, and his

background, as required by the sentencing code,” as well as his “physical

and mental condition, his rehabilitative needs, and the lack of danger Mr.

Welsh presents to the community at large.” Id. at 6-7. We conclude that

this presents a substantial question for our review. See Commonwealth v.

Raven, 97 A.3d 1244, 1253 (Pa. Super. 2014), appeal denied, 105 A.3d 736

(Pa. 2014). We therefore proceed to address the issue on its merits, which

we review for an abuse of discretion. Commonwealth v. Zeigler, 112 A.3d

656, 661 (Pa. Super. 2015).

      Welsh acknowledges that the trial court had the authority to enter the

sentence it did, and does not contest that the sentence is below the

mitigated range called for in the sentencing guidelines. See Welsh’s Brief at

26; Trial Court Opinion, 6/9/2015, at 6.      He asserts, however, that his

sentence is nonetheless excessive based upon his age, his absence of

criminal history, his acceptance of responsibility, his physical health



7
   Welsh’s assertion that the trial court violated 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(c) when
fashioning his sentence is curious, as section 9781(c) governs appellate
review of a sentence, and thus, this statute is incapable of “violation” by the
trial court, as Welsh contends. See id.


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problems, the apparent deterioration of his mental health (as the shooting

exhibited), his status as a World War II veteran, and his character and

reputation in the community. Welsh’s Brief at 26-30. In its written opinion,

the trial court provides the following explanation for its sentence:

                At sentencing, this [c]ourt considered the
            following mitigating factors in favor of Welsh: his
            advanced age; his military record; his lack of
            criminal history; his physical condition; and his
            historical ability to provide for his family and
            community.       There was no credible evidence
            presented at trial or sentencing that Welsh suffered
            from any mental defect or diminished mental
            capacity.    This [c]ourt reviewed the sentencing
            guidelines, the pre-sentence report, and all of the
            letters of support written on behalf of Welsh. This
            [c]ourt further listened to all of the witnesses who
            spoke on behalf of Welsh and [the victim]. Based
            upon all of these relevant factors, this [c]ourt
            determined that the gravity of the offense and the
            manner in which Welsh committed this crime
            necessitated incarceration.

               … [The victim] and Welsh had an approximate
            thirty (30) year relationship that was for the most
            part, an extremely positive relationship.       Their
            relationship deteriorated when [the victim] began to
            demolish the property across the street from Welsh’s
            residence/funeral home. Then, on July 26, 2013,
            Welsh, without adequate provocation, shot [the
            victim] twice in the back of the head as he was
            walking away from the confrontation started by
            Welsh. Given the facts of this case, if Welsh had not
            been 90 years of age, his sentence would likely have
            been twice as long.

Trial Court Opinion, 6/9/2015, at 6-7.




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      Our review of the record reveals that the trial court did in fact take

into consideration all of the mitigating factors Welsh claims it failed to

consider.8   See N.T., 7/31/2014, at 74-77.    Moreover, as stated, the trial

court had the benefit of a presentence investigation report when fashioning

Welsh’s sentence. It is therefore presumed “that the sentencing judge was

aware of the relevant information regarding the defendant’s character and

weighed those considerations along with mitigating statutory factors.”

Commonwealth v. Walls, 926 A.2d 957, 967 n.7 (Pa. 2007) (quoting

Commonwealth v. Devers, 546 A.2d 12, 18 (Pa. 1988)).

      As Welsh’s sentence was within the sentencing guidelines, we may

only reverse the trial court’s decision if “the application of the guidelines

would be clearly unreasonable.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(c)(2). We note that

the trial court had the opportunity to observe Welsh and his presentence

investigation report, considered all mitigating factors involved, and provided

a sound basis for the imposition of its sentence, which was below the

mitigated range of the sentencing guidelines. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(d).

This was a serious offense with the gravest of consequences. As such, we

have no basis to conclude that Welsh’s sentence is unreasonable. Finding no

abuse of discretion, we affirm the judgment of sentence.



8
   We further find no basis to reverse the trial court as a result of its
imposition of what Welsh terms a “life sentence.” Welsh’s Brief at 28.
Arguably, any sentence of incarceration could be a life sentence for Welsh, a
nonagenarian with health problems.


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     Judgment of sentence affirmed.



Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 9/29/2015




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