
NO. 07-01-0105-CR

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS


FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS


AT AMARILLO


PANEL C


JANUARY 28, 2002

______________________________


FELIPE ZAZUETA RAMOS,



		Appellant

v.


THE STATE OF TEXAS, 



		Appellee
_________________________________


FROM THE 181ST DISTRICT COURT OF POTTER COUNTY;


NO. 42,486-B; HON. JOHN BOARD, PRESIDING

_______________________________


Before QUINN and REAVIS and JOHNSON, JJ.
	Felipe Zazueta Ramos (appellant) appeals his conviction for aggravated assault. 
Through two issues, appellant complains that the trial court erred by 1) improperly
admitting into evidence a shotgun and two shotgun shells and 2) denying appellant's
request to include a definition of "'recklessly'" in the jury charge.  We affirm.
Background

	Appellant was charged with aggravated assault.  The evidence illustrated that he
and two co-workers became entangled in a brawl.  The sides drawn consisted of the two
workers (a father-in-law and son-in-law) against appellant.  At one point or another, meat
hooks were brandished by one or more of the combatants.  Thereafter, appellant left the
building, ventured to his car, removed a shotgun, returned to the scene, and shot the son-in-law. Then, he left the state.  
	Eventually, law enforcement officers arrested him in Arizona.  While arresting him,
they discovered a shotgun and shells in his car.  These items were returned to Texas along
with appellant and admitted into evidence at his trial.  A jury subsequently convicted
appellant of the charged offense.
Issue One

	In his first issue, appellant contends that the trial court erred in admitting the shotgun
and shells into evidence.   This allegedly constituted error because "their admission was
neither material to a contested issue nor probative of any fact of consequence to . . . guilt
or innocence."  Moreover, the items were not material or probative because 1) "there was
never an issue of commission of the shooting" and 2) the State "never showed that either
the shotgun . . . or . . .  chambered shotgun shells were the actual instruments used by
[a]ppellant . . . ."  We overrule the contentions for the following reasons.
	As to the matter of showing whether the shotgun found was the shotgun used, this
particular ground of objection was not uttered at trial.  When the weapon and shells were
tendered for admission, appellant simply stated: 1) "objection . . . as to relevancy," 2) "I
would object . . . that it has no probative value," and 3) ". . . if it does have probative value
. . . I would object on the basis that it outweighs any prejudicial effect it  might have on my
client." (1) 
	To preserve error, one must state the grounds upon which a ruling is sought with
"sufficient specificity to make the trial court aware of the complaint, unless the specific
grounds were apparent from the context."  Tex. R. App. Proc. 33.1(a)(1)(A).  Merely
uttering "relevancy," "no probative value," and ". . . it outweighs any prejudicial effect it
might have" is not sufficiently specific to put the trial court on notice that appellant actually
questioned the admissibility of the weapon and shells because they were not shown to
have been the ones used to shoot the victim at bar.  Nor was the nature of the objection
now before us apparent from the context of the circumstances.  Thus, the complaint was
waived.  Gonzalez v. State, 8 S.W.3d 640, 645-46 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000) (holding that by
timely raising the matter in the trial court would have provided the trial court and the
prosecution an opportunity to remove the basis of the objection). 
	As to the contention that the firearm and shells were irrelevant because appellant
did not dispute the accusation that he shot the victim, that ground too is not inherent in or
reasonably deducible from the objections described in the preceding paragraph.  So,
appellant again failed to preserve the complaint.  Furthermore, appellant provides us
neither argument explaining his contention nor authority supporting it, contrary to the
dictate of appellate rule and applicable authority.  Tex. R. App. Proc. 38.1(h) (obligating
an appellant to provide the court with a clear and concise argument for the contention
made); Garcia v. State, 887 S.W.2d 862, 871 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994) (holding that the
litigant must accompany his point with substantive analysis as opposed to conclusory
statement).  Instead, he merely suggests that because he did not dispute shooting the
victim the State could not tender the weapon and shells into evidence.  Given the absence
of explanation and citation to authority, this contention has also been waived.  Alvarado v.
State, 912 S.W.2d 199, 210 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995); Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(h).
Issue Two

	In his second issue, appellant claims that the trial court "denied [him] a fair and
impartial trial by not instructing the jury on a definition of 'reckless.'"  The instruction
"would have helped to explain [his] mental state . . . during his self-defensive act or at least
have given the jury a legal reason to justify [his] . . . actions . . .," argues appellant.  In other
words, he suggests  that "the act of self-defense may have been a 'reckless act' but even
so, justified by the perceived threat to [him], and thus exonerated him from the crime."  We
overrule the point for the following reasons.
	First, that appellant was entitled to an instruction on self-defense was and is highly
suspect.  This is so because the use of deadly force is justified only when retreat is
unreasonable.  Tex. Pen. Code Ann. §9.32(a)(2) (Vernon Supp. 2001).  Appellant having
left the scene, obtained a firearm, and returned to the scene after the skirmish started and
meat hooks were brandished hardly illustrates that retreat was either unreasonable or
unavailable.  
	Second, in arguing as he does, appellant attempts to interject into the theory of self-defense the standard of recklessness.  That is, he believes that he could have recklessly
acted in self-defense.  Yet, one cannot accidentally or recklessly act in self-defense. 
Johnson v. State, 915 S.W.2d 653, 659 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1996, pet. ref'd.);
Mock v. State, 848 S.W.2d 215, 219 (Tex. App.--El Paso 1992, pet. ref'd.).   So, he was
not entitled to an instruction suggesting otherwise.
	Accordingly, we affirm the judgment.
 
								Per Curiam
Do not publish.
1. Regarding the latter objection, appellant apparently meant that if the evidence had probative
value, it did not outweigh the prejudice which allegedly accompanied admission of the evidence.

d issue makes consideration of his first issue
unnecessary.  We reverse the judgment of the trial court and remand for a new trial.

						James T. Campbell
						        Justice




Do not publish.





1.  Unlike a firearm, a knife is not a deadly weapon per se.  Blain v. State, 647 S.W.2d
293, 294 (Tex.Crim.App.1983).  See In re J.A.W.,108 S.W.3d 573, 576 (Tex.App.-Amarillo
2003, no pet.) (discussing evidentiary requirements to establish knife as deadly weapon). 


