                                                                              FILED
                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                               JUN 17 2020
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                            U.S. COURT OF APPEALS


                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT


FUSION IV PHARMACEUTICALS,                       No.   19-55791
INC., DBA Axia Pharmaceutical, a
California corporation; NAVID VAHEDI,            D.C. No.
Pharm D.,                                        2:19-cv-01127-PA-FFM

              Plaintiffs-Appellants,
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
 v.

ANNE SODERGREN, in her Official
Capacity as the Interim Executive Officer
of the California State Board of Pharmacy,

              Defendant-Appellee,

 and

CALIFORNIA STATE BOARD OF
PHARMACY; et al.,

              Defendants.


                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Central District of California
                     Percy Anderson, District Judge, Presiding




       *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
                             Submitted June 1, 2020**
                               Pasadena, California

Before: RAWLINSON and N.R. SMITH, Circuit Judges, and KORMAN,***
District Judge.

      Fusion IV Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Fusion IV”) appeals the district court’s

grant of judgment on the pleadings. Fusion IV argues that California’s regulatory

requirements: (1) are preempted by the Drug Quality and Security Act (“DQSA” or

“Act”), see Drug Quality and Security Act, Pub. L. No. 113–54, 127 Stat. 587–640

(2013); or, alternatively, (2) violate the Commerce Clause’s protections against

state laws that unreasonably burden Federal law. We have jurisdiction under 28

U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.1

1.    The district court properly found there was no preemption. McClellan v.

I-Flow Corp., 776 F.3d 1035, 1039 (9th Cir. 2015).



      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
             The Honorable Edward R. Korman, United States District Judge for
the Eastern District of New York, sitting by designation.
      1
         The motion of the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, the
Arkansas State Board of Pharmacy, the Kansas State Board of Pharmacy, the
Louisiana Board of Pharmacy, the Michigan Board of Pharmacy, the Mississippi
Board of Pharmacy, the North Dakota State Board of Pharmacy, the State of Ohio
Board of Pharmacy, and the Oklahoma State Board of Pharmacy for leave to file a
brief in support of Defendant–Appellee as amicus curiae, see Dkt. 24, is also
granted.
                                         2
      A.     There is no express preemption, because the DQSA does not

“explicitly manifest[] Congress’s intent to displace state law” dealing with mass

compounding. Valle del Sol Inc. v. Whiting, 732 F.3d 1006, 1022 (9th Cir. 2013)

(quoting United States v. Alabama, 691 F.3d 1269, 1281 (11th Cir. 2012)). Thus,

there can be no express preemption by negative implication, because express

preemption, by its very definition, cannot be implied. See Gadda v. Ashcroft, 377

F.3d 934, 944 (9th Cir. 2004).

      B.     There is also no field preemption, because “the scheme of federal

regulation” at issue here is not “so pervasive as to make reasonable the inference

that Congress left no room for the States to supplement it.” Gade v. Nat’l Solid

Wastes Mgmt. Ass’n, 505 U.S. 88, 98 (1992) (internal quotation marks omitted)

(quoting Fidelity Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass’n. v. de la Cuesta, 458 U.S. 141, 153

(1982)). Because the DQSA clearly allows for “complementary state

regulation[s],” Fusion IV’s field preemption claims fail. See Arizona v. United

States, 567 U.S. 387, 401 (2012).

      C.     There is no conflict preemption, because it is not “impossible for a

private party to comply with both state and federal [compounding] requirements.”

English v. Gen. Elec. Co., 496 U.S. 72, 79 (1990). Importantly, it is possible to

obtain authorization under both the state and federal regulatory schemes, because


                                          3
California does not necessarily require anything more than registration with the

FDA before a facility can acquire a state license. See Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code

§ 4129.1(d)(2).

2.    The district court properly found that the applicable California licensing

requirements do not violate dormant Commerce Clause principles. Fusion IV

failed to establish that the requirements impose a “substantial burden” on interstate

commerce. See Nat’l Ass’n of Optometrists & Opticians v. Harris, 682 F.3d 1144,

1148 (9th Cir. 2012).

      AFFIRMED.




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