                                 Cite as 2017 Ark. App. 103


                  ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                         DIVISION I

                                        No.   CV-16-559


ALYSSA EKBERG AND JERRY         OPINION DELIVERED: FEBRUARY 22, 2017
ASHMORE
                     APPELLANTS APPEAL FROM THE PULASKI
                                COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
                                ELEVENTH DIVISION
V.                              [NO. 60JV-14-1002]


ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN HONORABLE PATRICIA JAMES,
SERVICES AND MINOR CHILDREN  JUDGE

                                  APPELLEES AFFIRMED




                              ROBERT J. GLADWIN, Judge

        In this termination-of-parental-rights case, Alyssa Ekberg and Jerry Ashmore (the

 parents) appeal the Pulaski County Circuit Court’s order filed April 8, 2016, terminating

 their parental rights to their two children, E.H. (born October 26, 2007) and H.A. (born

 December 18, 2013). 1 On appeal, the parents argue that there was insufficient evidence to

 support the allegation of abuse at adjudication, that termination was in the best interest of

 the children, or that the statutory grounds existed. Relying, as we must, on the circuit

 court’s credibility determinations, we find no clear error and affirm.



 1
  E.H.’s biological father is Robbie Harper, who consented to termination of his parental
 rights on January 15, 2016. Jerry Ashmore is a stepparent to E.H. and the biological father
 of H.A.
                                Cite as 2017 Ark. App. 103

                                          I. Facts

       Appellee Arkansas Department of Human Services (DHS) filed a petition for

dependency-neglect on July 16, 2014, alleging that E.H. and H.A. were subjected to neglect

and parental unfitness. The attached affidavit signed by Toni Hansberry, a social-work

specialist for DHS, contained statements that DHS received a maltreatment report on May

9, 2014, alleging that E.H. had “major” deep, bluish-red bruises that covered his whole

bottom; that the parents whipped E.H. with a board; that Jerry “hangs E.H. upside down

by both feet in the closet”; and that when this occurred, E.H. could not “bend up” to untie

himself.

       The affidavit stated that Betty Banks was assigned to the investigation, that Banks

observed bruising on E.H.’s bottom, and that E.H. had told Banks that his stepdad, Jerry,

spanked him with his hand and a big piece of wood, described as rectangular and kept by

his parents in a box. The affidavit alleged that E.H.’s school staff observed the bruises and

that E.H. was consistent with his story. Further, E.H.’s mother, Alyssa, was shown the

pictures of the bruising and blamed it on a chair that the child had used. Alyssa also told

Banks that it had been a while since she had “busted [E.H.’s] butt,” then changed it to “two

weeks ago.”

       The affidavit stated that Banks completed her investigation and found a

preponderance of evidence to support the allegation of physical abuse. She found that the

parents, who were not married, and Jerry’s mother, Katrina Ashmore, were or had physically

abused E.H. Banks learned that the family had a “maltreatment finding in Texas alleging




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physical abuse” of E.H. by the parents but that they had moved to Arkansas before

participating in and completing services.

       The affidavit alleged that DHS opened a protective-services case on the family.

Nicky Baker and Hansberry went to the parents’ home on June 25, 2014, to make the initial

contact, and no one was home, so they left a note for the parents to call Baker. On that

same day, Alyssa phoned a county supervisor and complained that someone had come to

her home, and she “indicated” that she was not going to participate in services without a

judge’s order. Baker called Alyssa on June 26, 2014, and there was no answer or return call.

Hansberry called Alyssa on June 27, 2014, and there was no answer, so a message was left

for Alyssa to call Baker. Alyssa called Baker and advised that E.H. was in residential care,

and that she was not going to tell Baker where and was not going to participate in services

without a court order.

       The affidavit described that Baker and Hansberry obtained assistance from the Pulaski

County Sheriff’s Office on July 1, 2014, to conduct a welfare check. When they arrived,

Jerry was in front of the home with H.A., Jerry’s mother, and another man. Alyssa was at

work. Jerry told them that E.H. was in Pinnacle Pointe Hospital in a residential program

and had been there for two weeks. He was told to have Alyssa call Baker when she returned.

Alyssa called to “resolve the issues.” She was told by Hansberry that the issues could not be

resolved due to the allegations and a case having been opened. When the workers returned

to the home, Alyssa would not allow them inside, but they stood outside and talked. The

affidavit described Alyssa as hesitant about participating in services, cooperative in providing




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information about E.H.’s biological father, and “acknowledging the situation that warranted

the agency’s becoming involvement [sic] with their family.”

          Finally, the affidavit stated that Hansberry contacted “Texas CPS,” and it “stated that

there had been an open case on the family as a result of Mr. Ashmore physically abusing

E.H. and that it closed its case after the family moved to Arkansas.” Robbie Harper, E.H.’s

biological father, told Hansberry that the Texas case required that Jerry “not be around E.H.

until he received parenting classes and anger management.”

          An order removing the children from their parents’ custody on a seventy-two-hour

hold was filed on July 17, 2014. The circuit court found that it was contrary to the children’s

welfare to remain in their home and that removal was in their best interest. The order

states:

          These findings are based on the affidavit presented with the Petition, which outline
          a small child that has been the victim of severe abuse. His mother is in denial about
          the nature and extent of his injuries. The adults in the home have been uncooperative
          with DHS thus far. The Affidavit notes that there was a true finding of physical abuse
          against [E.H.] in Texas, but the family moved to Arkansas before participating in
          services. DHS has been attempting to work with this family for almost a month,
          investigation time notwithstanding, and the adults have been entirely unresponsive
          to DHS requests. There is no information presented to lead this Court to believe
          mother or any putative fathers will be more receptive this time if maintained as a
          “thirty day” petition. The Court likewise finds that these reasons for removal are
          necessary to protect the health and safety of both juveniles.

          A probable-cause hearing was held on July 21, 2014, and the order from that hearing

sets forth Hansberry’s testimony that Robbie Harper had contacted her and said that there

was a case in Texas and that he had temporary custody of E.H. while Alyssa and Jerry

participated in services there. Harper told her that Alyssa had checked E.H. out of school

and moved to Arkansas. Hansberry testified that Alyssa was participating in therapy with


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E.H. at the residential-treatment center. The circuit court found that probable cause existed

based on the affidavit, and it continued to exist because “DHS has not yet had time or

opportunity to fully investigate the matter such that this Court would be comfortable

returning either of the children to the home.” The circuit court ordered that Alyssa’s

visitation would be supervised twice a week; Jerry would have supervised visitation with

H.A. twice a week; visitation was contingent on negative drug screens; both parents were

to participate in random drug screens; and both parents were to complete a drug-and-

alcohol assessment, counseling, psychological evaluation, and parenting classes. Further, the

parents were ordered to establish paternity; maintain stable housing, employment, and

income; keep DHS informed of their address, telephone numbers, and employment; and

Alyssa was to participate in E.H.’s therapy as deemed appropriate by his therapist.

       The adjudication order filed on September 15, 2014, recites the testimony by Betty

Banks that E.H. had told her he had been in trouble at school so he got a whipping with a

rectangular board by Jerry, who kept the board in a box. She took pictures of the bruises,

and Alyssa had told her that she did not know how he got the bruises. She testified that

there was a true finding that Jerry was the offender of physical abuse against E.H. She also

testified that she had “called Texas” and learned that a case had been opened on Jerry for

physical abuse.   That case was closed when the parents moved to Arkansas without

completing services. Banks, referring to Texas, testified that “they only said there was a case

open involving physical abuse and Jerry.” She stated that Jerry’s mother and grandmother

may have been involved in the abuse, but “there is no finding against mother.”




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       The adjudication order also summarizes Alyssa’s testimony that she had been living

with Jerry for two years, and she did not believe that he had abused E.H. in Texas because

it was an accident. She was at home when Jerry had spanked E.H. with a belt. She said,

“E.H. ducked out and went to leave, punched Jerry, and went out of the room.” Jerry did

not go after him, and Texas DCFS got involved. She went to parenting classes and

counseling, and E.H. stayed with Robbie Harper, his biological father. When Jerry moved

to Arkansas to help his grandmother, who was fighting cancer, Alyssa later moved to help

him. She stated that she did not believe that child abuse had occurred in Arkansas. She

believed Jerry when he denied spanking E.H. The order states, “She understands that if

Mr. Ashmore does not comply, her future is tied to his if she is with him. If he did not

finish, she would ‘remove herself from the situation.’” E.H. has ADHD, bipolar disorder,

and anxiety. He went to Bridgeway, Rivendell, and Pinnacle Pointe treatment facilities.

Alyssa testified that she participated in counseling with E.H. and enjoyed it. She stated that

part of the Texas order was that Jerry was not supposed to be around her son. She said that

E.H. had undergone behavioral treatment in Texas before the Texas case was opened, and

Texas DCFS gave E.H. back to her when Jerry moved to Arkansas.

       The order also reflects that Jerry admitted that he had spanked E.H. in Texas, and he

said that he had been aware of Texas’s restriction on him being around E.H. He did not

complete anger-management classes in Texas, and he was told that he could not see E.H. if

he did not complete those classes; but he was told that he could complete them in Arkansas

if he paid for them. He said that he did not know how E.H. got the bruises this time, and

he denied doing it. He said that he could benefit from parenting classes and that he had no


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criminal history. He had been involved with E.H.’s therapy in Texas, and the therapist

there told them that spanking with the belt was the last means necessary. He said when he

spanked E.H. in Texas that day, he was not angry, and he had not used excessive force. He

had talked to E.H. beforehand, E.H. had his clothes on, and they had checked on E.H. after

he had run out of the room. He said that he first saw the bruise when the pictures were

sent from Alyssa’s sister’s phone to Alyssa’s phone. He said that he planned to remain with

Alyssa, and he said that he had been “buffaloed” by Texas CPS. He thought that E.H. had

gotten the bruises this time from a child-sized outdoor lawn chair. He testified that E.H.

had been spanked in Arkansas a month or two weeks before the incident.

         The adjudication order also reflects that Toni Hansberry testified that the parents had

been cooperative and had made the scheduled visits with H.A. She said that the Texas case

was not a foster-care case. She recommended that Jerry needed a stand-alone anger-

management course and that it should be “incorporated into therapy.” She said that, even

though the original court report recommended that H.A. go home, DHS now wanted more

services in place before moving him home. She said that Alyssa believed Jerry over her

child.

         The order states that Robbie Harper testified that he had been arrested for assault

August 23, 2014, for chasing and beating a man who had stalked his wife, and he said that

those charges were “all dismissed so far.” He also said that E.H. had accused him of sexual

abuse, but he was found not guilty. He insisted that the parents were found by Texas CPS

to have committed physical abuse of E.H.




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       The circuit court found by a preponderance of the evidence that the children were

dependent-neglected, having been subjected to neglect and parental unfitness. The goal of

the case was reunification or placement with an appropriate relative with a concurrent goal

of adoption. The court found that Alyssa failed to protect E.H. from abuse by Jerry when

she had reasonable cause to know that the child had been abused by him in the past. The

circuit court found:

       The family had an open case in Texas for the exact same reasons we are here today,
       yet she still allowed Jerry to physically discipline E.H. It is the court’s belief that
       Jerry Ashmore caused the injuries to E.H. that caused the current case to be opened,
       and the court agrees with DHS’s true finding of abuse against Jerry Ashmore with
       regard to E.H. . . . Although H.A. has not yet been abused, to this Court’s
       knowledge, it does not have to wait until harm befalls him to extend protections to
       him as well. [The parents] circumvented the DCFS case in Texas and its rules, and
       there is no comfort level that they would not just pay lip service to this court’s orders
       as well. E.H. has a lot of problems that children are not born with; these are
       environmental problems.
       ....

       The court advises all parents that they must show a sustained improvement and
       demonstrate benefit from services received to be viable placement options. Checking
       off boxes, jumping through hoops, and lip service is insufficient to sustain a goal of
       placement or reunification. E.H. has been victimized at least twice; this Court [is]
       going to ensure as best it can that he will not suffer such abuse, neglect, or parental
       unfitness in any other placement over which this court has control. The court cannot
       ignore that E.H.’s behavioral counseling and issues seem to coincide with the time
       Mr. Ashmore became involved with the mother.

       If the parents would have complied with services initially, these parents would not
       be in this courtroom. It was only when a thirty-day petition was filed, it was [sic]
       this court took the hold. The parents now have what they wished for, and a judge
       will tell them what to do and what services they will complete.

       The permanency-planning order, filed May 27, 2015, contains another lengthy

synopsis of the testimony of each witness at the hearing. Baker testified that Alyssa had

completed her psychological testing, had attended counseling, and had submitted to drug


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screens, and that DHS’s goal remained reunification with Alyssa. She also said that E.H.

had been in inpatient treatment at Pinnacle Pointe from June 11, 2014, until March 24,

2015. Lynn Hemphill testified that he is the therapist who had seen the parents twice a

week since April 14, 2015. He also had met with E.H. in his foster home on two occasions.

Hemphill stated that he did not know that Jerry was not supposed to have contact with E.H.

when they came from Texas, and he had been told that there had been an allegation in

Texas that was investigated, and that during that time, E.H. had stayed with his mother’s

sister until they went through classes, and he was then reunified with his parents.

       Jerry testified that H.A. was his biological child, and they had good visits during

which he used some parenting techniques he had learned through his classes. He said that

he had learned to express himself more effectively, they had discussed that Alyssa would be

the primary disciplinarian for E.H., and they would consult with each other before any

decisions were made involving E.H. He said that corporal punishment would not be used,

and it had no effect on E.H. He said he had enjoyed the therapy sessions with Mr. Hemphill,

and he had high hopes that continued therapy would work. He said that he had spoken

with Texas CPS and was told that he could not stay in the apartment in Texas as long as

Alyssa and E.H. were there but that Texas would have no control over what happened if

they were to move to Arkansas. He said that he knowingly had Alyssa come to Arkansas

instead of going back to Texas. He said that he had participated in E.H.’s therapy at Pinnacle

Pointe for a month before DHS took custody. Alyssa testified that she had participated in

and benefited from the services. She said that she would not use corporal punishment and

that she planned to marry Jerry.


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       The circuit court noted that the parents had completed the services and had

sometimes pushed for things to happen. However, the court found that it could not “yet

say the parents have made substantial progress.” The circuit court ordered that family

therapy between E.H. and Jerry would not take place until Hemphill “gets full disclosure,”

which included his obtaining a copy of the psychological evaluation. The court found that

if Hemphill then believed E.H. should be involved in therapy with Jerry, the court would

allow it. The circuit court stated in its order:

       These parents are going to have to show changes. They have not been honest with
       Mr. Hemphill; he was unaware of half the history he heard today. They may not
       agree with the psychological, but right now it is ringing true. They have taken no
       accountability, and they need to be more honest with themselves. If there is no
       marked change and ownership presented at the next hearing, goals of the case will
       change.

       The fifteen-month permanency-planning order filed August 12, 2015, contains

synopses of the witnesses’ testimony. Mr. Hemphill testified that he was the family’s

therapist, seeing the parents as a couple and Alyssa and E.H. together on another day each

week. Hemphill described E.H. as emotionally charged, requiring a great deal of guidance,

redirection, and supervision. He said that E.H. was impulsive and not always truthful. He

said the parents denied having caused the injury to E.H., they acknowledged that E.H. had

been in their home, and it had been their responsibility to ensure his health and safety. He

described the parents as being at a “crossroads” as to how the injuries occurred. He said he

did not want to integrate E.H with both of them if “this cannot be established.” He said

that, unless it was certain that reunification would continue, he did not want to reintroduce

E.H. into therapy with both parents. He said that Jerry had acknowledged that he caused

the injuries in Texas and that he did not comply with the case plan and recommendations,

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which in hindsight was inappropriate. He said the parents told him that Alyssa was pregnant

several weeks before the last staffing. He did not recall them mentioning that they were

married during the last staffing, even though that had been their plan. He had visited their

home once a week since May 2015, and he believed that with adequate services, they could

keep a safe home environment for the children. He said that without therapy with Jerry,

and without services in place, E.H. could not safely return home. He said that E.H. recanted

several times in therapy. E.H. had told him that he had been jumping high on the bed and

he had fallen, hitting a chair.

       Nicky Baker testified that DHS recommended that the goal of the case be changed

to adoption and pursuit of termination of parental rights for both children. The basis for

the goal change was that returning the children back in the home would be detrimental.

“[T]here has not been accountability or responsibility, and there has not been an

acknowledged offender. The injuries occurred when he was in the home with the parents.

These issues cannot be remedied in a short amount of time.” He testified that E.H. and Jerry

had not had visitation, and E.H. had never recanted to him. However, he said that Mr.

Hemphill and the foster parents had shared that E.H. had recanted. He said that the parents

never told him that they had married; he found out by reading it in the newspaper, and he

was surprised to find out in July that Alyssa was pregnant.

       Toni Hansberry said that the parents failed to tell DHS they had been married, and

they did not tell anyone prior to the staffing that “they were pregnant.” Hansberry said that

“it goes to show the parents do not make the best decisions.” She said that the parents had

not acknowledged how E.H.’s abuse occurred, and “this all causes DHS concern.” She said


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that the parents were not ready for a trial placement. “At some point, someone must step

up and acknowledge that something did happen, accept responsibility for it, and work

through it. That has not happened yet.” Hansberry acknowledged that Alyssa usually

managed both children pretty well. She said that Jerry had slept during visits with H.A. and

that Alyssa had been more interactive in the visits.

       The children’s foster mother testified that E.H. talked to her about going back to his

mother and no one else. She said that, two to three weeks prior to the hearing, E.H. told

her that he and his mother had been wrestling and playing on the bed, and that he fell and

hurt his bottom. He also said that he had been sitting on a chair and that it had broken and

hurt his bottom. He said it was on the same day. He said that he told his mother he had

bruises, and she told Jerry. He said that he was mad at Jerry and wanted him out of the

house, so he told his teacher, who saw the bruises, that “Jerry did it.” She said that E.H.

takes instruction better from women than from men. She said that E.H. struggled with

being truthful and that he fabricates stories about everything, not just to get out of trouble.

       Alyssa said that she had never tried to conceal the new pregnancy and that therapy

with E.H. was hard at first but was now “going great.” She does not believe Jerry caused

the injuries to E.H., although she believes he did in the Texas case. She said it was her

responsibility to discipline E.H. She said that she was not sure what caused E.H.’s injuries

in this case. She said that Jerry has other children, twin boys that are five or six years old,

but she did not know where they lived.

       Jerry testified that falling asleep during visitation was a problem, so he had asked to

move the visitation based on his work schedule. He admitted the Texas spanking and


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bruising and said that he never gave E.H. corporal punishment in Arkansas. He said that he

took responsibility for it because it had occurred in his household. He said that he was

willing to participate in any other services and that he was fearful. He denied concealing

the current pregnancy from DHS or Hemphill. He said Hemphill knew of his other

children and he had been completely honest with Hemphill. He said the twins’ birthday

was November 31, 2010. He had no idea what caused the bruises on E.H., and he

considered saying he did it just so there would be an answer. He said that he had noticed

the bruises the day before E.H. went to school. He said E.H. had walked by Alyssa when

he was going to the bath, and she had noticed them, but E.H. could not answer how he

had been bruised.

       The circuit court found that the parents had participated in services but had “paid lip

service and jumped through hoops, and the Court sees no real evidence of progress or

change. We are at the fifteen-month review mark, and there are still more questions than

answers.” The goal of the case was changed to adoption, proceeding toward termination

of parental rights. The court found that DHS had made reasonable efforts to provide services

and achieve the goal of the case. The court noted as follows:

       There are big problems with truthfulness and credibility in this case. Mr. Ashmore’s
       testimony today about mother’s knowledge of the May 2014 bruises is in direct
       contradiction to statements mother made to the investigator as contained in the
       affidavit with the Petition in this case. Today, we find out that Mr. Ashmore has
       other children in an undetermined location. The Court takes judicial notice of the
       fact that November only has 30 days, in contradiction of the date of birth Mr.
       Ashmore gave for his twin boys in Mississippi. Mom is pregnant again, and they got
       married since the last hearing. There always seems to be a new issue or disclosure or
       “oops” at each hearing we have, and these two children are languishing in foster care
       in the meantime. [E.H.] is a handful on his own. Three children of young ages are
       difficult to manage even if the children themselves are well-behaved. Having a child
       in the middle of this DHS case is ill-advised, even if not planned.

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       Reunification is not imminent, in any way. The parents were given three more
       months because Mr. Hemphill learned new information for the first time at the last
       hearing. Then today, Mr. Ashmore said he has been “completely honest” with his
       therapist from the beginning. They have worked on nothing with E.H. and Mr.
       Ashmore. Mr. Ashmore was found to be the perpetrator here and in Texas. Ms.
       Banks considered the grandmother and great grandmother as perpetrators but
       dismissed them. The great-grandmother was sick with cancer such that she required
       Mr. Ashmore to move to Arkansas to assist her care, but now she is named as a
       possible perpetrator. These bruises were not an accident. This was not a “jumping
       on the bed bruise.” Photos of the bruises were previously admitted into evidence.
       Prior statements were that mother never saw the bruises, but now today she saw
       them at bath time. The Court thought great strides would be made in those three
       extra months; that did not happen. No one is still claiming responsibility for this
       child’s injury. They had a plan when they left Texas, and that did not work, and the
       Court is hearing the same “plan” today for how to keep E.H. safe when it clearly
       did not work the first time.

       The Court has concerns about these parents supervising E.H. around a toddler and
       a future infant. He requires a lot of watchful eyes, and that clearly did not happen
       in the mother’s and Mr. Ashmore’s home prior to removal.

       DHS filed a petition for termination of parental rights on October 2, 2015, and

alleged the grounds pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-27-341 (Repl. 2015)

as follows:

       A. That a juvenile has been adjudicated by the court to be dependent neglected and
       has continued to be out of the custody of the parent for twelve (12) months and,
       despite a meaningful effort by the department to rehabilitate the parent and correct
       the conditions that caused removal, those conditions have not been remedied by the
       parent.
       ....

       B. That other factors or issues arose subsequent to the filing of the original petition
       for dependency-neglect that demonstrate that placement of the juvenile in the
       custody of the parent is contrary to the juvenile’s health, safety, or welfare and that,
       despite the offer of appropriate family services, the parent has manifested the
       incapacity or indifference to remedy the subsequent issues or factors or rehabilitate
       the parent’s circumstances that prevent the placement of the juvenile in the custody
       of the parent.
       ....


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       C. A parent has subjected any juvenile to aggravated circumstance. Aggravated
       circumstances means: A juvenile has been abandoned, chronically abused, subjected
       to extreme or repeated cruelty, sexually abused, or a determination has been or is
       made by a judge that there is little likelihood that services to the family will result in
       successful reunification; or have had his or her parental rights involuntarily
       terminated as to a sibling of the child[.]

                             II. Termination-of-Parental-Rights Order

       A termination-of-parental-rights order was filed on April 8, 2016, after a two-day

hearing, and the circuit court terminated the parental rights of the parents as to E.H. and

H.A., finding that it was in the children’s best interest. The circuit court based its finding

on all three grounds as alleged in DHS’s petition. The circuit court’s order recites the

history of the case and quotes its order removing custody of the children from the mother,

the adjudication order, which was not appealed, the permanency-planning order, and the

fifteen-month permanency-planning order.

       Dr. Deyoub testified at the termination-of-parental-rights hearing, and his report

states in part as follows:

       If the court is going to pursue reunification with Alyssa Ekberg she requires parenting
       classes, individual therapy, and the same would be required of Mr. Ashmore plus he
       would have to complete anger management which he never did. They have to do
       these requirements regardless of whether E.H. is returned to them or not because
       they have another child in custody that they are seeking to have reunification with.
       It is my opinion that they should be given the opportunity for a reunification for
       H.A. since this child is only one year of age. It is the biological child to this couple
       and as long as they work the reunification plan they should be able to seek
       reunification with H.A. it will be imperative that they complete all of the individual
       therapy, parenting classes, and anger management classes and in fact I think Alyssa
       should attend the anger management as well. They should have to prove that they
       have a stable place to live and adequate income. While they may ultimately be
       successful in gaining custody of the baby, I have major concern for E.H.’s safety.
       They both, especially the mother, acknowledges that E.H.’s behavior is out of
       control. We have now two occasions where this child has been significantly abused.
       The live-in boyfriend will not take responsibility for what he did, he was never
       charged criminally and the two of them are just blowing this off as if nothing

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       happened to E.H. Because of the extent of this bruising on now two occasions and
       the attitude of the parents, I simply cannot see how E.H. can be returned to their
       custody.

The court’s termination order states:

       [E.H.] is a troubled child. However, this Court is not reaching its decision today
       based solely on allegations made by a troubled child. This Court is looking at the
       totality of the evidence, which includes the Texas case that is referenced both supra
       and infra.
       ...

       Harrison Williams is the therapist that worked with Mr. Ashmore from September
       12, 2015, until December 12, 2015. His initial testimony was that he had no concerns
       involving Mr. Ashmore, and that he should receive “full reunification efforts” with
       the children. He also testified that Mr. Ashmore never admitted to intentionally or
       accidentally bruising [E.H.], in Arkansas or in Texas. Mr. Williams admitted that,
       had Mr. Ashmore acknowledged leaving bruises on [E.H.] at all, the treatment goals
       would have changed, and they would have worked on more effectively parenting
       without using corporal punishment. The Court therefore cannot give great weight
       to Mr. Williams’ testimony about any perceived progress in Mr. Ashmore’s therapy
       when there clearly was not full disclosure or admission by Mr. Ashmore to his
       therapist.

       Lynn Hemphill worked with the parents beginning in April 2015 until December
       2015. . . . However, Mr. Hemphill said that Mother’s testimony that the bruises to
       [E.H.] that caused him to come into foster care “weren’t anything big to [her]”
       because [E.H.] “didn’t make it a big deal,” that [E.H.] had not been abused, and that
       the bruises had been made into a “big deal” did not square with what they had
       discussed in counseling. Likewise, when presented a transcript portion from a prior
       hearing where Mr. Ashmore said that he was not a child abuse perpetrator, and that
       a person has to strike a child with the intent to leave a bruise for an incident to be
       abuse, Mr. Hemphill testified that those statements also did not square with what
       they discussed in counseling. Mr. Hemphill then could not say that progress had been
       made.

       Karen Lambert testified that she was [E.H.’s] therapist at Pinnacle Pointe from June
       2014 until March 2015. She testified that she had no reservations about [E.H.] being
       returned to the care of mother and Mr. Ashmore. Her observations, however, were
       based on the two sessions of therapy that Mr. Ashmore participated in prior to the
       seventy-two (72) hour hold in this matter nineteen (19) months prior, as well as her
       observations of Mother’s supervised interactions with [E.H.] during once weekly
       supervised family therapy. She further testified that [E.H.] did not exhibit fear around
       Mr. Ashmore; that [E.H.] was happy and gleeful, overanimated, would hug Mr.

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Ashmore, and would sometimes call him “dad.” She admitted that children who
have reactive attachment disorder (RAD) tendencies such as [E.H.’s] might be happy
to see strangers or even abusers; however, she said that other children who have been
physically abused typically showed a much different display of nonverbal
communication than [E.H.] does with Mr. Ashmore. The abused child would shy
away from the abuser, and that was not the case with [E.H.] and Mr. Ashmore. This
analysis, however, completely discounts that Mr. Ashmore admitted to administering
the corporal punishment in Texas that was found to be physical abuse. When asked
whether [E.H.] ever showed self-harming behavior, Ms. Lambert identified an
incident where [E.H.] pulled his own tooth, but she claimed that the tooth was not
loose. She further noted that this was based on her memory, this was not documented
as an incident, and she was not sure whether the tooth was a “baby” tooth or a
permanent tooth. The Court cannot give this testimony weight towards a propensity
for [E.H.] to self-harm when Ms. Lambert, his therapist at the time, did not
document it as such. She further testified that [E.H.] broke his arm due to climbing
on top of playground equipment and jumping off. Likewise, the Court would be
hard-pressed to find this to be an act of intentional self-harm on [E.H.’s] part.

Jessie Green testified that she has been a CASA since July 2015 and was the CASA
assigned to this matter since August 2015. She testified that she has seen [E.H.] at
least every other week, sometimes more frequently, since her assignment to this
matter. Ms. Green testified that she has observed Mother’s visitation with [E.H.] over
a dozen times. She testified she has observed visitation between [H.A.] and mother,
and she had one observation of [H.A.’s] visitation with his father. The Court did not
get a good sense that Ms. Green had a grasp of the prior history of this family and
these juveniles, which directly impacts the case at hand. Ms. Green’s testimony boiled
down to the following: [E.H.] makes up a lot of stories; Mother is appropriate with
[E.H.] when she observes the two together in a therapeutic setting; and she has no
concerns about Mr. Ashmore after seeing [H.A.] with his father one time. She
admitted to having no actual training in child abuse, and her recommendations
appear to this Court to be based mostly on public observation of the Mother and
private conversations with a troubled child. As such, the Court cannot assign any
significant weight to those recommendations.

At the termination hearing, the mother and Mr. Ashmore introduced into evidence,
over objection, a copy of the administrative order from the Office of Appeals and
Hearings removing Mr. Ashmore from the Child Maltreatment Registry. (Defendant
Parents 2). This document carries no weight with this Court. As indicated in the
body of the order and Mr. Ashmore’s testimony, there was no DHS representative
or witnesses present at that administrative hearing. There is very little indication of
what evidence the hearing officer took into consideration, aside from the “de-
identified investigative file from DCFS” and the testimony of Mr. Ashmore, Mother,
and three character witnesses for Mr. Ashmore. The Court notes that this
administrative hearing was conducted on December 15, 2014, well after the

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       September 15, 2014 adjudication hearing in this matter. The Court views the
       introduction of this document into evidence as no more than an attempt to relitigate
       the adjudication, which is expressly prohibited by Neves da Rocha v. Ark. Dep’t of
       Human Servs., 93 Ark App. 386; 219 S.W.3d 660 (2005), cert. denied 549 U. S. 811,
       127 S. Ct. 346 (2006).

       12. Mother and Mr. Ashmore completely lack credibility with this Court. Their
       different accounts, explanations, and obfuscations are too numerous to count.

       The circuit court found by clear and convincing evidence that the parents were not

capable of safely caring for the children. The court found that there was too much

inconsistency and that too many “games” had occurred for it to believe that either child

could safely be returned home. The court found that “these parents are still in deep denial

not only about the abuse that occurred to [E.H.] in Arkansas, but also with regard to the

prior abuse to him in Texas.” The court found that, after nineteen months of services and

extensive counseling, the conditions that had caused removal still existed. The circuit court

noted that the parents continued to “suggest other people” may have been responsible for

E.H.’s bruises, if they were not caused by the chair that was testified to by the parents but

never produced as evidence. The circuit court’s order states:

       The underlying problem is that [E.H.’s] early chaotic, unstable environment helped
       create his disorders and behavioral problems, which Mother and Mr. Ashmore
       attempted to resolve by using or sanctioning physical abuse. The Court finds it is not
       possible to safely return [E.H.] to the custody of his mother at this time, and given
       the lack of therapy between [E.H.] and Mr. Ashmore due to Mr. Ashmore
       continuing to deny he perpetrated abuse on the child, the Court does not believe it
       would be possible to ever return [E.H.] to that home and that termination of parental
       rights is appropriate. McDaniel v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2013 Ark. App. 263.
       Although [E.H.] has been the target of abuse so far, the Court believes that [H.A.]
       would be at risk if he were returned to the home as well. The Court finds that
       returning [H.A.] to the home of the parents, with or without [E.H.], would risk
       subjecting him to the same dysfunction that shaped [E.H.’s] issues, and in turn would
       subject him to the potential for abuse as a means of discipline. The harm referred to
       in the termination statute is “potential” harm; the trial court is not required to find
       that actual harm will result or to affirmatively identify a potential harm. Fox v.

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       Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2014 Ark. App. 666, 448 S.W.3d 735; Welch
       v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2010 Ark. App. 798, 378 S.W.3d 290.
       Moreover, evidence on this factor must be viewed in a forward looking manner and
       considered in broad terms. Fox, supra.

       An appeal timely followed, but we ordered rebriefing on November 9, 2016, when

the parents’ appellate brief did not comply with our rules. Ekberg v. Ark. Dep’t of Human

Servs., 2016 Ark. App. 536. The parents have cured the deficiencies in their brief now

before the court.

                                           III. Law

       The applicable law and standard of review for appellate courts was recently set forth

as follows:

               We review termination-of-parental-rights cases de novo. Dinkins v. Ark. Dep’t
       of Human Servs., 344 Ark. 207, 40 S.W.3d 286 (2001). At least one statutory ground
       must exist, in addition to a finding that it is in the child’s best interest to terminate
       parental rights; these must be proved by clear and convincing evidence. Ark. Code
       Ann. § 9-27-341. In making a “best interest” determination, the trial court is
       required to consider two factors: (1) the likelihood that the child will be adopted,
       and (2) the potential of harm to the child if custody is returned to a parent. Id.
       Adoptability is not an essential element but is rather a factor that the trial court must
       consider. Tucker v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2011 Ark. App. 430, 389 S.W.3d 1.
       Likewise, the potential harm to the child is a factor to be considered, but a specific
       potential harm does not have to be identified or proved by clear and convincing
       evidence. Pine v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2010 Ark. App. 781, 379 S.W.3d 703.
       The potential-harm analysis is to be conducted in broad terms. Id. It is the “best
       interest” finding that must be supported by clear and convincing evidence. Id. The
       appellate inquiry is whether the trial court’s finding that the disputed fact was proved
       by clear and convincing evidence is clearly erroneous. J.T. v. Ark. Dep’t of Human
       Servs., 329 Ark. 243, 947 S.W.2d 761 (1997). Credibility determinations are left to
       the fact-finder. Schaible v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2014 Ark. App. 541, at 8, 444
       S.W.3d 366, 370.
       ....

              The intent behind the termination-of-parental-rights statute is to provide
       permanency in a child’s life when it is not possible to return the child to the family
       home because it is contrary to the child’s health, safety, or welfare, and a return to
       the family home cannot be accomplished in a reasonable period of time as viewed

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       from the child’s perspective. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(a)(3). This need for
       permanency overrides a parent’s request for additional time to improve
       circumstances, and courts will not enforce parental rights to the detriment of the
       well-being of the child. McElwee v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2016 Ark. App. 214,
       at 7, 489 S.W.3d 704, 708. Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-7-338(c)(1)–(7) lists
       the permanency goals that the circuit court is to consider in determining the best
       interest of the children. The top preference is to return the juvenile to the parents if
       it is in the best interest of the juvenile and the juvenile’s health and safety can be
       adequately safeguarded if returned home. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-338(c)(1)–(3).
       Adoption is then listed before permanent placement with a relative, unless the
       juvenile is being cared for by a relative and termination of parental rights is not in
       the best interest of the juvenile. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-338(c)(4) & (6).

Villaros v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2016 Ark. App. 399, at 4–6, 500 S.W.3d 763, 766−67.

                 IV. Sufficiency of the Evidence Regarding Allegation of Abuse

       The parents contend that there was insufficient evidence that they had abused E.H.

to support a true finding of abuse or maltreatment. They argue that, even though a party

must appeal an adjudication, this court must view termination cases de novo, and they

contend that the record is silent as to whether either parent was advised of his or her right

to appeal the adjudication. They claim that Jerry was without counsel until the termination

hearing. They assert that the case began when school officials reported that E.H. had red

marks and bruising on May 9, 2014, and he told them that his stepfather beat him with a

board and hung him upside down in the closet. They offer that they were less than

cooperative and weary with DHS because of their experience in Texas. They claim that

DHS did not have documentation of the Texas case but believed Robbie Harper’s claim

that Texas had made a maltreatment finding and that they had left the state before

participating in services. They argue that “this was not correct” but was repeated in

“virtually every court report, petition, and order.” They argue that services in Texas were




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voluntary and that there was no court case or any true finding of abuse placing Jerry on any

maltreatment registry.

       They contend that, from the adjudication order and throughout the case, DHS and

the circuit court stated that it had been proved by a preponderance of the evidence that

Jerry had abused E.H. The order placing the children with DHS found that E.H. had been

the victim of “severe abuse,” but the parents assert that no law enforcement was informed

nor consulted, no criminal charges were filed, and no referral was made to the Child

Advocacy Center where a forensic interview might have revealed that E.H. had fabricated

the claim of abuse. They contend that the only medical examination of E.H. was done

when Alyssa took him to be examined the day after she had learned of the hotline call.

       They claim that they both denied abusing E.H. and that they believed the bruising

was most likely caused by a plastic chair E.H. had been injured on before and about which

he had been warned not to play. E.H. told his foster mother that he had injured himself by

jumping on the plastic chair. The parents argue that DHS never bothered to follow up on

this allegation.

       The parents cite Karen Lambert’s testimony, emphasizing that she believed that E.H.

had significant issues with lying, telling tales, and accusing others, including children, of

hurting him. She also testified that E.H.’s pulling out his tooth that was not loose was a

self-inflicted injury. Finally, she testified that she was skeptical when she learned of the

abuse allegations. They also cite the testimony of Harrison Williams, Jerry’s therapist, who

stated that Jerry had made progress each month and that the treatment goal was anger

management. He stated that he did not see any evidence that Jerry had issues with anger


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and that he had no reservations about Jerry having custody of his children. Finally, the

parents cite Lynn Hemphill’s testimony that he conducted therapy with the parents as a

couple and some with E.H. They contend that the circuit court was inconsistent in its

rulings regarding the Texas case and allowed the Texas case to be used to bolster the finding

of abuse in Arkansas. They assert that Hemphill stated that E.H. blames others and makes

false accusations against others, including the foster father, and he did not have any problems

with Alyssa’s parenting of E.H. He said that both parents had made significant progress and

that they did not show signs of anger-management issues.

       The parents complain that the pictures, shown repeatedly by the attorney ad litem,

were obtained from Robbie Harper and were never part of the Texas case, although they

were admitted without objection by prior parent counsel. “The theme that the parents are

untruthful and generally bad actors was reinforced in every petition, report, and order, rather

than citing actual evidence that Jerry abused E.H. and not that E.H. more than likely injured

himself.”   Also, they complain that the “narrative that they hid their marriage and

pregnancy” was promoted “as if either of these issues proves abuse.” The parents point to

the circuit court’s taking no notice of the fact that Jerry, acting pro se, appealed the true

finding of abuse through the DHS administrative-appeal process when he received a letter

that he was to be placed on the child-maltreatment registry, and he prevailed.            The

administrative law judge ruled that the child was not credible and unsubstantiated the abuse

allegation after having reviewed the DHS file. The parents note that when Alyssa gave birth

to a boy on January 5, 2016, DHS opened another case, but after Judge James’s recusal,

another judge dismissed the case at adjudication and returned the baby to the parents.


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         The parents contend that there was no evidence that Jerry abused the child, and

every expert that treated E.H. stated that he had recanted, that he habitually and

pathologically lies, and that they had no issues with the children being reunited with their

parents. They argue that there was insufficient evidence to prove by a preponderance of

the evidence that either parent abused E.H.

         DHS and the attorney ad litem filed a joint brief in response to the parents’ appeal.

They contend that the trial court’s findings regarding the suspected abuse of E.H. was

litigated and determined at the dependency-neglect adjudication hearing, and no appeal of

that order was filed.

   Under Arkansas Supreme Court Rule 6-9(a)(1)(A) (2016), adjudication orders are

considered final and appealable orders. The parents were entitled to appeal, and they did

not. Even though the record on appeal includes the orders from all of the prior hearings,

this court is precluded from reviewing any adverse rulings from these portions of the record

that were not appealed. Lewis v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 364 Ark. 243, 217 S.W.3d 788

(2005). Accordingly, we hold that sufficient evidence supports the circuit court’s finding of

abuse.

                                       V. Failure to Remedy

         Regarding the statutory ground alleged pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated

section 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(i)(a)—a dependent-neglected child has been out of the parents’

custody for more than twelve months and there has been a failure to correct conditions that

caused removal—the parents admit that the children were out of their custody for twelve

months, but they contend that it was through no fault of their own. They argue:


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       It is disingenuous to obstruct a requirement of rehabilitation then allege that despite
       meaningful efforts by DCFS to rehabilitate the parents have failed to make
       meaningful progress. The parents have done all that was asked but even in the court’s
       adjudication order it states that, “checking off boxes, jumping through hoops, and
       lip service is insufficient to sustain a goal of reunification.” In the case of appellants
       it appears short of admitting to abuse they steadfastly deny and experts have supported
       them, there seems to be nothing these parents could have done to satisfy DCFS
       entrenched in its own narrative.

       The parents contend that the goal of the case was reunification until August 2015,

despite the parents’ consistent denial of abuse. When the circuit court became aware that

Alyssa was pregnant and that the parents were married, it was argued that they had been

dishonest and were hiding these facts. However, they both testified that they had informed

their therapist and others at DHS, but their caseworker had not answered his phone and his

voice mail had been full. They argue that all three therapists opined that E.H. and Jerry

would benefit from joint therapy, but Mr. Hemphill stated that it would be of no benefit if

the goal was changed to adoption, and therapy was made impossible by the no-contact order

imposed by DHS. They contend that Jerry had been participating in therapy with E.H. at

Pinnacle Point when E.H. was taken into custody by DHS, and the therapy was stopped at

DHS’s direction. Therefore, the parents argue that there was nothing they could have done

to satisfy DHS short of admitting abuse.

       The circuit court’s true concern was the parents’ inability to be frank or forthcoming

with the court regarding the child’s injuries and their responsibility to take affirmative steps

to protect the children. The circuit court’s lengthy order describes the parents’ explanations

and obfuscations as too numerous to count and that it did not believe that the circumstances

would improve with further counseling. Failing to take responsibility for a child’s injuries

or the circumstances that led to them—including a failure to protect—supports a finding

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that the parents failed to remedy the conditions that led to removal and demonstrates

incapacity or indifference to remedy issues that arose subsequent to the removal and little

likelihood that continued services would result in successful reunification. E.g., Nguyen v.

Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2014 Ark. App. 565; Harper v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2011

Ark. App. 280, 378 S.W.3d 884; Mason v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2010 Ark. App. 251.

Because DHS is required to prove only one statutory ground for termination, it is not

necessary for us to consider the parents’ remaining arguments regarding aggravated

circumstances and subsequent factors, the other two statutory grounds listed in the petition.

Hamman v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2014 Ark. App. 295, 435 S.W.3d 495.

                                   VI. Best Interest of Children

       The parents argue that the circuit court failed to state what clear and convincing

evidence it had that it was in the children’s best interest to terminate parental rights, thus

leaving them orphaned. They argue that the record is clear that the only thing they have

failed to do is admit to abuse. They contend that the circuit court’s quoting of statutory

requirements does not meet the very high burden that must be shown in order to impose

the extreme sanction of losing one’s children.

       The parents also contend that the circuit court failed to articulate the statutory

requirement that there was evidence that the children would be adopted. Although they

acknowledge that there would be potential adoptive parents for H.A., they argue that E.H.

is another matter, as he did not survive being in the same foster home as his brother and has

been institutionalized by DHS since he has been in its custody. They contend that there

was no evidence or witnesses called to speak to his true issues and the likelihood of his being


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adopted. They assert that stating that a computer search turned up potential adoptive parents

is not evidence. They contend that DHS did not meet its burden in showing by clear and

convincing evidence that it is in the children’s best interest that their parental rights be

terminated.

       Termination of parental rights shall be based on a finding by clear and convincing

evidence that it is in the best interest of the child, including consideration of such factors as

the likelihood of adoption of the child. See Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3). Adoptability

of the children is but one factor to consider in the overall termination of parental rights.

There is no requirement that every factor considered be established by clear and convincing

evidence; rather, after consideration of all factors, the evidence must be clear and convincing

that the termination is in the best interest of the child. McFarland v. Ark. Dep’t of Human

Servs., 91 Ark. App. 323, 210 S.W.3d 143 (2005).

       The adoption specialist testified that, based on her experience, the children were

adoptable and that E.H.’s behavior would not prevent a family from being interested in

adopting him. DHS and the ad litem contend that this evidence was sufficient to conclude

that the children were likely to be adopted. We agree. A caseworker’s testimony that

children are adoptable is sufficient to support an adoptability finding. Madison v. Ark. Dep’t

of Human Servs., 2013 Ark. App. 368, 428 S.W.3d 555.

       DHS and the attorney ad litem also contend that a circuit court is required to consider

only potential harm to a child’s health and safety that might come from continued contact

with the parents; there is no requirement to find that actual harm would result or identify

the potential harm. The potential-harm analysis is to be conducted in broad terms.


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Hamman, supra.     Potential harm was supported by the circuit court’s findings of no

confidence in the parents’ abstaining from corporal punishment based on their inability to

be forthcoming or honest with the court. Past behavior is a predictor of a parent’s likelihood

of exposing a child to potential harm in the future. Dowdy v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs.,

2009 Ark. App. 180, 314 S.W.3d 722. Accordingly, we affirm.

       Affirmed.

       ABRAMSON and VIRDEN, JJ., agree.

       Law Office of Kathryn L. Hudson, by: Kathryn L. Hudson, for appellants.

       Andrew Firth, Office of Chief Counsel, for appellee.

       Chrestman Group, PLLC, by: Keith L. Chrestman, attorney ad litem for minor
children.




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