                        This opinion will be unpublished and
                        may not be cited except as provided by
                        Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

                             STATE OF MINNESOTA
                             IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                   A14-0927

                           Tara Kay O’Connor, petitioner,
                                    Appellant,

                                          vs.

                           Commissioner of Public Safety,
                                  Respondent.

                                 Filed April 27, 2015
                                      Affirmed
                                     Ross, Judge

                            Dakota County District Court
                            File No. 19HA-CV-13-4951

Charles A. Ramsay, Daniel J. Koewler, Ramsay Law Firm, P.L.L.C., Roseville,
Minnesota (for appellant)

Lori Swanson, Attorney General, James E. Haase, Assistant Attorney General, Adam
Kujawa, Assistant Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota (for respondent)


      Considered and decided by Ross, Presiding Judge; Kirk, Judge; and Reilly, Judge.

                       UNPUBLISHED OPINION

ROSS, Judge

      Tara O’Connor agreed to take a breath test after a deputy arrested her for driving

while intoxicated and read her the implied-consent advisory. Because the results of

O’Connor’s breath test showed that her alcohol concentration exceeded the .08 per se

intoxication limit, the commissioner of public safety revoked her driver’s license.
O’Connor petitioned for judicial review, and the district court sustained the revocation.

Because no facts support her contention that her consent to be tested resulted from

coercion, we affirm.

                                         FACTS

      Dakota County Deputy Sheriff Timothy Samuelson stopped Tara O’Connor’s car

on a November 2013 afternoon. Deputy Samuelson noticed signs of intoxication, so he

conducted field sobriety tests. Because the tests indicated that O’Connor was impaired,

the deputy arrested her and took her to jail. There he read her the implied-consent

advisory and asked if she wanted to speak with an attorney before deciding whether to

submit to a breath test. O’Connor said she did, and Deputy Samuelson gave her a

telephone. Deputy Samuelson noted in his report that O’Connor contacted a family friend

who was an attorney. O’Connor finished the call and the deputy asked if she would take

the test. O’Connor said that she would. She provided two adequate breath samples that

showed that her alcohol concentration exceeded the per se intoxication limit of .08.

      The department of public safety therefore revoked O’Connor’s driver’s license.

She petitioned for judicial review. The district court conducted a hearing, and Deputy

Samuelson testified to the facts just outlined. The district court found that O’Connor

voluntarily consented to the breath test and sustained the revocation. O’Connor appeals.

                                    DECISION

      O’Connor argues that the district court erroneously found that she voluntarily

consented to the breath test. Her argument arises from our constitutions. The federal and

state constitutions protect citizens from unreasonable warrantless searches and seizures.


                                            2
U.S. Const. amend. IV; Minn. Const. art. I, § 10. A breath test constitutes a search under

the Fourth Amendment. Skinner v. Ry. Labor Execs. Ass’n, 489 U.S. 602, 616–17, 109 S.

Ct. 1402, 1413 (1989); see State v. Brooks, 838 N.W.2d 563, 568 (Minn. 2013), cert.

denied, 134 S. Ct. 1799 (2014). Warrantless searches are unreasonable unless an

exception to the warrant requirement applies. State v. Flowers, 734 N.W.2d 239, 248

(Minn. 2007). Consent is an exception to the warrant requirement. State v. Othoudt, 482

N.W.2d 218, 222 (Minn. 1992). But consent must be voluntary. Schneckloth v.

Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218, 222, 93 S. Ct. 2041, 2045 (1973); State v. Deide, 795 N.W.2d

836, 846 (Minn. 2011). Whether consent is voluntary depends on the totality of the

circumstances. Brooks, 838 N.W.2d at 568.

       The simple facts here support the district court’s finding of voluntary consent,

which is a question of fact that we review for clear error. Diede, 795 N.W.2d at 846.

Deputy Samuelson pulled over O’Connor’s car, noticed signs of O’Connor’s intoxication,

and arrested O’Connor for drunk driving after field sobriety tests indicated her

impairment. O’Connor heard the implied-consent advisory and spoke to an attorney. She

then agreed to take a breath test on request, and she gave two adequate breath samples.

O’Connor nevertheless argues that the test was invalid because her ostensibly voluntary

consent was actually coerced. She maintains that “[e]vidence that [she] agreed to a

warrantless search, standing alone, is insufficient as a matter of law to meet the burden of

proving that this agreement was actual, constitutionally sufficient consent.”

       O’Connor’s argument fails under the totality of the circumstances, which inform

us that all of the facts, not merely O’Connor’s ostensible agreement, support a finding of


                                             3
voluntary consent. And no facts support a finding of coercion. O’Connor builds her claim

of coercion by highlighting the common facts that accompany virtually all arrests—a law

enforcement officer “placed [her] in handcuffs, locked her in the rear of his squad

vehicle, and spirited her out of the public eye to jail.” These same facts existed in Brooks,

a case in which the supreme court held that the circumstances indicated voluntary

consent. See Brooks, 838 N.W.2d at 566. O’Connor does not convincingly explain why

these facts should lead to a different result here. She asserts chiefly that the implied-

consent advisory is inherently coercive because it informs drivers that they are required

to submit to a test or face an additional criminal charge. But the supreme court faced the

same circumstances in Brooks, and it held that the advisory is not unconstitutionally

coercive. Id. at 570.

       The district court did not clearly err by finding that O’Connor voluntarily

consented to the test.

       Affirmed.




                                             4
