J-A06020-18


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

EQUESTRIAN ENDEAVORS, LLC              :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                       :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                       :
            v.                         :
                                       :
                                       :
DONALD D. TUCCI                        :
                                       :
                   Appellant           :   No. 963 WDA 2017

                    Appeal from the Order June 5, 2017
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County Civil Division at No(s):
                               2016-13001


BEFORE:    BENDER, P.J.E., SHOGAN, J., and STRASSBURGER*, J.

MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.:                            FILED MAY 18, 2018

      Defendant-Appellant, Donald Tucci (“Tucci”), appeals from the trial

court’s order entered on June 5, 2017, granting a Motion for Judgment on

the Pleadings filed by Plaintiff-Appellee, Equestrian Endeavors, LLC (“EE”),

and denying Tucci’s Motion to Amend Answer to Assert Counterclaim as

moot. We affirm.

      Mary Wisniewski (“Wisniewski”), Tucci’s former romantic partner,

previously sued Tucci in 2013 at Erie County Docket Number 11369-2013

(variously referred to as “Wisniewski” or “Wisniewski Lawsuit”). The trial

court summarized the factual and procedural history of the instant case as

follows:

      Mary Wisniewski filed suit against [Tucci] to recover funds she
      had lent him for repairs, improvements and operating expenses
      for a property located in Spartansburg, Pennsylvania.        In
      November of 2000, . . . Tucci[] purchased the property located
____________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-A06020-18


       at 44362 Highway 77, Spartansburg, PA (“Spartansburg
       Property”) for $154,000. He paid $20,000 in cash and took a
       loan out for $134,000. . . . Wisniewski began living with Tucci at
       the Spartansburg property in 2001 and continued to live there
       until the end of 2006.

              In 2006 Wisniewski and Tucci formed [EE], as equal
       owners, and executed a written Operating Agreement. EE was a
       premier equestrian facility that accommodated hippotherapy and
       life skills programs in an indoor arena. EE was not located at
       Tucci’s Spartansburg [P]roperty. Rather, EE was located at a
       property on Sterrettania Road in Fairview Township,
       Pennsylvania. From 2006 to 2013, EE paid Tucci for expenses
       related to his Spartansburg Property. These expenses included
       mortgage, property insurance, and real estate taxes, which were
       paid with EE company checks.            The EE bank account(s),
       however, were funded by capital contributions made by
       Wisniewski. She funded the EE accounts by obtaining cash
       advances on her personal credit cards and transferring those
       advances into the EE bank account(s). Tucci was aware of this
       process. From 2006 to 2012, EE funds totaling $74,665.00 were
       used for the Spartansburg [P]roperty related expenses.
       Wisniewski testified that Tucci told her he would pay her back for
       all her contributions after he sold the Spartansburg [P]roperty.

             Tucci allowed Wisniewski to actively advertise the property
       for sale. On November 8, 2012, Tucci sold the Spartansburg
       [P]roperty for $365,000. After deductions for his mortgage and
       other costs, Tucci received proceeds in the amount of
       $277,056.11 from the sale. Tucci never informed Wisniewski
       that he sold the property. He used the proceeds to pay off debts
       unrelated to the Spartansburg [P]roperty or EE.

             The [c]ourt concluded, in its Opinion and Order of March
       21, 2016 [in the Wisniewski Lawsuit],[1] that “all amounts
       derived from Wisniewski and used for Spartansburg expenses
       constituted loans to Tucci that would be repaid after the sale of
       the Spartansburg [P]roperty.” ([Wisniewski Lawsuit], Opinion
       and Order, 3/21/2016, p.9). This [c]ourt found that Tucci owed
____________________________________________


1 The trial judge in the instant case also presided over the Wisniewski
Lawsuit.



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J-A06020-18


     $74,665.00. (Opinion and Order, p.4, ¶ 26). Specifically, this
     [c]ourt found as follows:

           26. For the years 2006 through 2012, EE funds
           totaling $74,665 were used for Spartansburg
           [P]roperty related expenses, including insurance,
           real estate taxes, and mortgage payments.

                 a. $10,254 was treated as a loan
                 receivable due from Tucci. This amount
                 represented amounts paid in 2012 by EE
                 for insurance, mortgage payments, and
                 mortgage interest.

                 b. The balance of $64,111 was treated as
                 distributions to Tucci, which represented
                 25% of Tucci’s total distributions taken.

     (Id.) This [c]ourt noted in a footnote to paragraph 26(b), that
     “[t]hese amounts were not deducted as ordinary trade business
     expenses of EE because the Spartansburg [P]roperty was not
     affiliated with EE.” (Id.) Even though it was clear that Tucci
     owed the money to Wisniewski, this [c]ourt was constrained to
     find in the [Wisniewski Lawsuit] that “the amounts due
     Wisniewski must be sought through dissolution and liquidation of
     EE, a non-party to the instant Wisniewski action.”
     ([Wisniewski Lawsuit], Opinion and Order, March 21, 2016, p.
     9). Furthermore, this [c]ourt concluded that dissolution of EE
     can only be accomplished, pursuant to the Operating Agreement,
     by way of written direction by the parties, i.e. Wisniewski and
     Tucci, or a decree of judicial resolution. Neither party appealed
     the March 21, 2016, final decision in the prior [Wisniewski
     Lawsuit], nor did EE seek a judicial resolution dissolving the
     corporation.

Trial Court Opinion, 8/18/17, at 1–3.

     On November 7, 2016, EE filed the instant action against Tucci for

breach of oral contract and unjust enrichment, seeking the $74,665 that the

court in the Wisniewski Lawsuit had determined Tucci owed EE.            On




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December 23, 2016, following a default notice, Tucci’s prior counsel, John

Mizner, Esquire, filed an answer, which lacked any counter-claims.2

       On January 9, 2017, EE filed a Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings

and a brief in support on the basis of collateral estoppel, asserting that the

trial court had held in Wisniewski, inter alia, that Tucci owed EE $74,665

for the Spartansburg-property expenses.          Tucci failed to file a response to

EE’s Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings but did file a Motion to Amend

Answer to Assert Counterclaim on February 3, 2017. By order filed June 5,

2017, the instant trial court granted EE’s Motion for Judgment on the

Pleadings and denied, as moot, Tucci’s Motion to Amend Answer to Assert

Counterclaim. Tucci filed a timely notice of appeal. Both Tucci and the trial

court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

       Tucci raises the following issues on appeal:

       I. Whether the Trial Court committed an error of law and
       abused its discretion by applying the doctrine of collateral
____________________________________________


2  Pursuant to Pa.R.C.P. 1026, “Time for Filing”, an answer had to be filed
within twenty days after Tucci received service of the complaint. Thirty days
after service of the complaint, on December 7, 2016, EE sent Tucci notice
that Tucci was in default for failure to enter a written appearance and failure
to file an answer. The notice stated that an answer must be filed within ten
days to avoid a default judgment. Attorney Mizner filed an answer sixteen
days later, on December 23, 2016, and at the wrong docket number. EE
apparently did not pursue a default judgment pursuant to Pa.R.C.P 1037.
Further, although Attorney Mizner incorrectly filed the answer using the
Wisniewski docket number, he provided service of the answer to EE and
the court. On June 30, 2017, Tucci’s new, and current counsel, Rebecca
Warren, Esquire, filed a Praecipe to Transfer and File Answer to Correct
Case, thus adding the answer to the instant certified record.



                                           -4-
J-A06020-18


      estoppel when the issues/claims are not the same, and [Tucci]
      had defenses to present which could not have been raised and
      were not raised in the previous lawsuit?

      II.    Whether [Tucci’s] trial attorney’s incompetence and
      ineffective assistance deprived [Tucci] of crucial defense
      opportunities and denied [Tucci] of his due process rights?

Tucci’s Brief at 4.

      We examine the requirements of entry of judgment on the pleadings.

Entry of judgment on the pleadings is permitted under Pa.R.C.P. 1034, which

provides that “after the pleadings are closed, but within such time as not to

unreasonably delay trial, any party may move for judgment on the

pleadings.” Pa.R.C.P. 1034(a). Moreover,

      [a] motion for judgment on the pleadings is similar to a
      demurrer. It may be entered when there are no disputed issues
      of fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter
      of law.

            Appellate review of an order granting a motion for
      judgment on the pleadings is plenary. The appellate court will
      apply the same standard employed by the trial court. A trial
      court must confine its consideration to the pleadings and
      relevant documents. The court must accept as true all well
      pleaded statements of fact, admissions, and any documents
      properly attached to the pleadings presented by the party
      against whom the motion is filed, considering only those
      facts which were specifically admitted.

Rourke v. PA Nat’l Mutual, 116 A.3d 87, 91 (Pa. Super. 2015) (emphasis

added). Furthermore, “[w]e will affirm the grant of such a motion only when

the moving party’s right to succeed is certain and the case is so free from

doubt that the trial would clearly be a fruitless exercise.”   Id. (citing Sw.




                                    -5-
J-A06020-18


Energy Prod. Co. v. Forest Res., LLC, 83 A.3d 177, 185 (Pa. Super.

2013)).

      The trial court held that the doctrine of collateral estoppel barred Tucci

from re-litigating the question of whether he and Wisniewski had an oral

agreement whereby he agreed to repay $74,665 loaned to him by EE. Tucci

thus argues that EE, in filing its Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings, and

the trial court in granting it, erroneously applied the doctrine of offensive

collateral estoppel. Tucci’s Brief at 9, 13.

      We examine the doctrine of collateral estoppel and its applicability in

the present case.      This Court has described the policy underlying the

doctrine as follows: “to minimize the judicial energy devoted to individual

cases, establish certainty and respect for court judgments, and protect the

party relying on the prior adjudication from vexatious litigation.” Lebeau v.

Lebeau, 393 A.2d 480, 482 (Pa. Super. 1978). Collateral estoppel applies

if:

      (1) the issue decided in the prior case is identical to one
      presented in the later case; (2) there was a final judgment on
      the merits; (3) the party against whom the plea is asserted was
      a party or in privity with a party in the prior case; (4) the party
      or person privy to the party against whom the doctrine is
      asserted had a full and fair opportunity to litigate the issue in the
      prior proceeding and (5) the determination in the prior
      proceeding was essential to the judgment. Collateral estoppel,
      sometimes referred to as issue preclusion, operates to prevent a
      question of law or an issue of fact which has once been litigated
      and adjudicated finally in a court of competent jurisdiction from
      being relitigated in a subsequent suit. Kituskie v. Corbman,
      452 Pa. Super. 467, 682 A.2d 378, 382 (1996) (citations and
      quotation marks omitted). The decision to allow or to deny a

                                      -6-
J-A06020-18


      prior judicial determination to collaterally bar relitigation of an
      issue in a subsequent action historically has been treated as a
      legal issue. As such, this Court is not bound by the trial court’s
      conclusions of law and we may draw our own conclusions from
      the facts as established. Meridian Oil & Gas Enters., Inc. v.
      Penn Cent. Corp., 418 Pa. Super. 231, 614 A.2d 246, 250
      (1992), appeal denied, 534 Pa. 649, 627 A.2d 180 (1993).

Rickard v. Am. Nat’l Prop. & Cas. Co., 173 A.3d 299, 304 (Pa. Super.

2017) (quoting Westfield Ins. Co. v. Astra Foods Inc., 134 A.3d 1045,

1049–1050 (Pa. Super. 2016)), appeal denied, 158 A.3d 1226 (Pa. 2016).

      Collateral estoppel is used offensively when the “plaintiff seeks to

foreclose the defendant from litigating an issue the defendant has previously

litigated unsuccessfully in an action with another party.” Shaffer v. Smith,

673 A.2d 872, 874 (Pa. 1996) (citing Parklane Hosiery Co. v. Shore, 439

U.S. 322, 326 n.4 (1979)). Offensive collateral estoppel involves additional

considerations:

      [W]hen a plaintiff seeks to employ the doctrine offensively,
      courts must also consider whether (1) plaintiff had an
      opportunity to join the earlier action, (2) the defendant had an
      incentive to defend the first action vigorously, (3) the judgment
      relied upon as a basis for collateral estoppel is inconsistent with
      one or more previous judgments in favor of the defendant, and
      (4) the second action would afford the defendant procedural
      opportunities unavailable in the first action that could produce a
      different result.

Toy v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., 863 A.2d 1, 15 (Pa. Super. 2004)

(citing Parklane Hosiery, 439 U.S. at 329–331).

      The United States Supreme Court has commented on offensive use of

collateral estoppel:



                                     -7-
J-A06020-18


     [O]ffensive use of collateral estoppel does not promote judicial
     economy in the same manner as defensive use does. Defensive
     use of collateral estoppel precludes a plaintiff from relitigating
     identical issues by merely “switching adversaries.”           Thus
     defensive collateral estoppel gives a plaintiff a strong incentive
     to join all potential defendants in the first action if possible.
     Offensive use of collateral estoppel, on the other hand, creates
     precisely the opposite incentive. Since a plaintiff [EE herein] will
     be able to rely on a previous judgment against a defendant
     [Tucci herein] but will not be bound by that judgment if the
     defendant [Tucci] wins, the plaintiff [EE] has every incentive to
     adopt a “wait and see” attitude, in the hope that the first action
     by another plaintiff [Wisniewski] will result in a favorable
     judgment. Thus offensive use of collateral estoppel will likely
     increase rather than decrease the total amount of litigation,
     since potential plaintiffs will have everything to gain and nothing
     to lose by not intervening in the first action.

            A second argument against offensive use of collateral
     estoppel is that it may be unfair to a defendant. If a defendant
     in the first action is sued for small or nominal damages, he may
     have little incentive to defend vigorously, particularly if future
     suits are not foreseeable. Allowing offensive collateral estoppel
     may also be unfair to a defendant if the judgment relied upon as
     a basis for the estoppel is itself inconsistent with one or more
     previous judgments in favor of the defendant. Still another
     situation where it might be unfair to apply offensive estoppel is
     where the second action affords the defendant procedural
     opportunities unavailable in the first action that could readily
     cause a different result.

           We have concluded that the preferable approach for
     dealing with these problems . . . is not to preclude the use of
     offensive collateral estoppel, but to grant trial courts broad
     discretion to determine when it should be applied. The general
     rule should be that in cases where a plaintiff could easily have
     joined in the earlier action or where, either for the reasons
     discussed above or for other reasons, the application of offensive
     estoppel would be unfair to a defendant, a trial judge should not
     allow the use of offensive collateral estoppel.

Parklane Hosiery, 439 U.S. at 329–331 (footnote omitted).




                                    -8-
J-A06020-18


       Tucci argues that two of the requirements of collateral estoppel were

not met in this case. First, Tucci maintains that the issue in the Wisniewski

Lawsuit was different from the issue herein. Tucci’s Brief at 13. He submits

that Wisniewski sought to collect on a breach-of-contract claim premised

upon an oral agreement between the parties that related to personal loans

from Wisniewski to Tucci.     Alternately, in the instant action by EE, Tucci

avers that the allegations are centered on capital contributions and

distributions made to Tucci.       Id. at 14.     Tucci suggests that while

Wisniewski raised similar issues to the claims herein, EE was not a party to

Wisniewski. Referring to the notes of testimony from Wisniewski, Tucci

points to the trial court’s comments relating to the fact that EE was not

joined in the prior action and posits that the issues in the two cases are not

identical. Id. at 15 (citing N.T., 10/21/15, at 3–6; N.T., 10/22/15, at 87–

88).

       Tucci also avers that a second factor of collateral estoppel was not met

in that he did not have a full and fair opportunity to litigate the identical

issues in Wisniewski that are involved herein. Tucci’s Brief at 15.      Tucci

purports to rely upon the Wisniewski court’s alleged comments that it “did

not have jurisdiction to entertain [EE’s] claim,” and he maintains that he

“believed his exposure in the Wisniewski lawsuit was limited to personal

loans which Wisniewski had advanced, and which was approximately

$10,000.”    Id.   The notes of testimony do not reflect the comments as


                                     -9-
J-A06020-18


alleged by Tucci. Id. (citing N.T., 10/21/15, at 3–6; N.T., 10/22/15, at 87–

88).

       Looking to the additional factors necessary to support application of

offensive collateral estoppel, Tucci also alleges that EE could have, and

should have, been a party in Wisniewski. Tucci’s Brief at 16. He suggests

that Wisniewski’s comments to the Wisniewski court that she could not

have included EE as a party because Tucci would not have agreed to sue

himself are contradicted by the fact that EE indeed maintained the current

action against Tucci, and “nothing changed procedurally.”      Tucci’s Brief at

17.    Tucci laments that if EE had been a party to Wisniewski, “this

procedural quagmire with which Tucci is faced would have been non-

existent.”   Id. Finally, Tucci suggests that he had a different incentive to

defend Wisniewski, where the amount of damages was approximately

$10,000, compared to the instant case where the potential damages are

significantly greater. Tucci’s Brief at 18.

       EE responds that collateral estoppel applies to this case and that the

two lawsuits do have identity of issues. EE’s Brief at 7. EE suggests the trial

court received “ample testimony and documentary evidence” demonstrating

that Tucci received $74,665 from Wisniewski indirectly. Id. EE avers that

the issue in the instant case, whether Tucci owes $74,665 for the

Spartansburg-Property expenses, is the identical question addressed in

Wisniewski. EE’s Brief at 8.


                                      - 10 -
J-A06020-18


      EE also asserts that Tucci had a full and fair opportunity to litigate the

instant issue in Wisniewski. Id. at 9. For support, EE relies on the trial

court’s explanation. Id. (citing Trial Court Opinion, 8/18/17, at 5).

      Regarding the propriety of the offensive use of collateral estoppel

herein, EE suggests that the first factor, whether EE could have easily joined

Wisniewski, is not dispositive.     EE’s Brief at 10.   EE posits that “[a]s a

practical matter, when it comes to the $74,000 owed by Tucci, Wisniewski

and EE are one and the same.” Id. at 11. EE offers that there were two

discreet claims in Wisniewski: 1) Wisniewski’s claim for reimbursement of

improvements she made to the Spartansburg Property, which totaled more

than $10,000, and 2) her claim to recoup $74,665 in Spartansburg-Property

expenses, which were the amounts Wisniewski deposited into EE accounts

that were used to pay the mortgage, taxes, and insurance for the

Spartansburg Property. Id. EE maintains that the fact that the money from

Wisniewski flowed through the EE account “was not viewed as an obstacle to

recovery in” Wisniewski. Id. at 12.

      EE acknowledges that in Wisniewski, Tucci raised the issue of

whether EE was the proper plaintiff to sue in order to recoup the

Spartansburg-Property expenses, but submits Tucci did so on the eve of trial

by filing the Motion to Amend New Matter. EE’s Brief at 12. EE, like Tucci,

refers to the Wisniewski court’s responses to Tucci’s attempt to identify EE

as the proper party to sue and suggests that “faced with the decision to


                                    - 11 -
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delay the trial ([which was] less than a week away) to allow for additional

pleadings, Wisniewski decided to move forward and present all of her

evidence on these issues . . . .” Id. at 14.

      EE also maintains that Tucci had incentive to vigorously defend

Wisniewski, and indeed, did so.      EE’s Brief at 15.   Responding to Tucci’s

claim that while he did in fact defend Wisniewski, “his defense was not

robust considering the sums,” Tucci’s Brief at 18, EE suggests that this

“claim is completely belied by [Tucci’s] actions, the testimony and evidence

elicited at the trial and the arguments made by his attorneys.” EE’s Brief at

16.

      We are compelled to address the state of the certified record because

its omissions have complicated our review.      The instant record lacks the

operating agreement regarding EE, the Wisniewski complaint, answer, and

new matter, the Wisniewski trial court opinion, and the notes of testimony

from Wisniewski.      It is well settled that we are bound to review only

matters in the certified record before this Court. Warfield v. Warfield, 815

A.2d 1073, 1074 n.1 (Pa. Super. 2003); Pa.R.A.P.1921 (setting forth the

composition of the record on appeal); Burlington Coat Factory of Pa., LLC

v. Grace Constr. Mgmt. Co., 126 A.3d 1010, 1019 n.9 (Pa. Super. 2015)

(en banc) (document that is not part of the trial court record may not be

considered on appeal). Any document that is not part of the official certified

record “is considered to be non-existent, which deficiency may not be


                                    - 12 -
J-A06020-18


remedied by [its] inclusion in the reproduced record.”         Bennyhoff v.

Pappert, 790 A.2d 313, 318 (Pa. Super. 2001). “It is the responsibility of

the appellant to provide a complete record to the appellate court on appeal .

. . .” McNeal v. Eaton Corp., 806 A.2d 899 (Pa. Super. 2002). “Where a

review of an appellant’s claim may not be made because of such a defect in

the record, we may find the issue waived.” Eichman v. McKeon, 824 A.2d

305, 316 (Pa. Super. 2003).

     As we recently stated, “[W]e lament the state of the record, which has

encumbered our consideration of this appeal.” Erie Ins. Exch. v. Moore,

175 A.3d 999, 1005 (Pa. Super. 2017).        In Erie Ins. Exch., an amended

complaint, among other documents, was never made part of the trial court

record but was included in the reproduced record on appeal. The Erie Ins.

Exch. Court, reiterating that documents “that were never part of the record

in the trial court may not be placed in the reproduced record,” struck the

amended complaint from the reproduced record and ruled that it would not

be considered on appeal. Id. at 1004 n.2. The considerations in Erie Ins.

Exch. are similar concerns in the instant case:

            We have described the process by which we were required
     to chase down some of the cited materials in this case to
     illustrate the difficulties and delays that occur when our rules are
     not followed. This Court’s heavy appellate docket does not
     afford us the ability to search for missing record items in each of
     our cases. Compliance with the applicable rules should have
     obviated the record issues we encountered here.                 The
     requirements of our rules are not mere technicalities; their
     compliance helps to assure our efficient resolution of the matters
     before us. All parties to an appeal are responsible for assuring

                                    - 13 -
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         that their case is presented to us in a manner that permits our
         efficient appellate review.     We admonish counsel for the
         parties—and, particularly, counsel for [Appellant], as it is
         [Appellant’s] materials that are missing here—to take greater
         care to comply with our rules in the future.

Id. at 1008.      Moreover, we emphasized in Parr v. Ford Motor Co., 109

A.3d 682 (Pa. Super. 2014), that “an appellate court is limited to considering

only the materials in the certified record when resolving an issue.” Id. at

695 n.10; see also Del Ciotto v. Pennsylvania Hospital of the

University of Penn Health System, 177 A.3d 335, 344 n.9 (Pa. Super.

2017) (document never made part of trial court record would not be

considered on appeal). Further,

         [i]n this regard, our law is the same in both the civil and criminal
         context because, under the Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate
         Procedure, any document which is not part of the officially
         certified record is deemed non-existent—a deficiency which
         cannot be remedied merely by including copies of the missing
         documents in a brief or in the reproduced record.
         Commonwealth v. Kennedy, 868 A.2d 582, 593 (Pa. Super.
         2005).

Parr, 109 A.3d at 695 n.10 (citing Commonwealth v. Preston, 904 A.2d

1, 6–8 (Pa. Super. 2006 (en banc)).          The impact of a deficient record is

clear.

         On the other hand, in WMI Grp., Inc. v. Fox, 109 A.3d 740, 744 n.5

(Pa. Super. 2015), we noted that while the certified record did not include

necessary exhibits, the reproduced record (“R.R.”) did include them.            We

concluded therein that because the exhibits were “part of the reproduced

record and neither party ha[d] disputed their accuracy,” we would consider

                                        - 14 -
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them. We relied upon our Supreme Court’s pronouncement “that where the

accuracy of a pertinent document is undisputed, the Court could consider

that document if it was in the Reproduced Record, even though it was not in

the record that had been transmitted to the Court.”     Commonwealth v.

Brown, 52 A.3d 1139, 1145 n.4 (Pa. 2012) (citing Pa.R.A.P. 1921, note).

     Similarly, in Commonwealth v. Barnett, 121 A.3d 534 (Pa. Super.

2015), we noted our disapproval that various transcripts were not contained

in the certified record, despite our official attempts to secure them. Id. at

546 n.3.     While acknowledging that we generally may consider only facts

that have been duly certified in the record, this Court stated, “[W]here the

accuracy of a document is undisputed and contained in the reproduced

record, we may consider it.      Here, the reproduced record contains the

relevant transcripts[,] and there is no dispute as to their contents.     We

therefore considered them in our review.”    Id. (citing Brown, 52 A.3d at

1145 n.4).

     In the instant case, because the reproduced record contains the

missing documents from Wisniewski, neither party disputes its contents,

and, most importantly, because the trial judge in the present case was the

trial judge in the prior case, we have considered the documents contained in

the reproduced record in our review.

     As noted supra, Tucci challenges only the first and fourth collateral-

estoppel factors:    whether the issue in both cases was the same, and


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whether Tucci had a full and fair opportunity to litigate the issues. Tucci’s

Brief at 13–16. However, Tucci also maintains that “when one considers the

additional four considerations specific to offensive collateral estoppel,” EE

failed to “meet three of the four requirements.” Tucci’s Brief at 13.

      Tucci claims that the issues in the instant case are not identical to

those in Wisniewski because that case focused on the breach of an oral

contract, while the current case is “centered on capital contributions and

distributions.” Tucci’s Brief at 14. In support, Tucci cites to Lebeau, 393

A.2d. 480.    Relying on Lebeau, Tucci argues that the issue raised by EE

herein is merely collateral or incidental, not essential to the Wisniewski

litigation. Tucci’s Brief at 14. The facts in the instant case, however, are

distinguishable from Lebeau, where the previous litigation was over the

issuance of a support order, but the subsequent suit involved the partition of

marital property. The Lebeau court noted that the issue in the subsequent

suit “was never ‘actually litigated’ in the prior proceeding.”   Lebeau, 393

A.2d at 483. “No responsive pleadings were filed, no briefs were submitted,

no testimony taken, no arguments [were] heard.” Id. Such is not the case

herein, as revealed by the myriad documents and 346 pages of notes of

testimony over a period of two days in the Wisniewski Lawsuit.

      Tucci’s allegation that the instant action actually concerns capital

contributions and distributions also is not supported by the record before us

and in fact, is inconsistent with the findings of the trial court.   Trial Court


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Opinion, 8/18/17 at 5–7. According to the trial court, the Wisniewski court

held that an oral agreement for repayment existed between Tucci and

Wisniewski, and it extended both to money Wisniewski directly loaned Tucci

and to money Wisniewski deposited into an EE bank account for Tucci’s use.

Trial Court Opinion, 8/18/17, at 5.   Thus, EE is relying on the holding in

Wisniewski to estop Tucci from denying either that 1) he received $74,665

from EE for his Spartansburg property or 2) that he had agreed to repay that

sum. Trial Court Opinion, 8/18/17, at 5. In finding the issues identical, the

trial court noted that the Wisniewski court determined that Tucci indeed

had promised to repay Wisniewski when he sold the Spartansburg property.

Moreover, the trial court reiterated that the Wisniewski court found that

Tucci owed $74,665 for monies he received from Wisniewski, which she

provided through the EE bank accounts. Id. Thus, the issue in both cases is

whether Tucci promised to repay the funds provided by Wisniewski.

     Tucci additionally underscores that during Wisniewski, “the trial

judge informed counsel at the commencement of the bench trial that the LLC

was not a party to the action, and he did not consider himself to have

authority to address any claims relating to the LLC.”    Tucci’s Brief at 14

(citing R.R. at 37–40, 362–363).      While there was an initial discussion

among the parties and the court regarding the fact that EE was not a party,

a matter we address infra, the court’s comments do not support Tucci’s




                                   - 17 -
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claim that the issues in the two cases are not identical.   As stated by the

trial court:

            Here, the issues presented are identical to the questions in
      the prior action.    Namely, we inquired into whether Tucci
      promised to reimburse Wisniewski for the amounts she loaned to
      him for the taxes, insurance and mortgage payments on his
      Spartansburg [P]roperty. We also inquired into the amounts
      Wisniewski took as advances from her credit cards and placed
      into the EE bank account for Tucci’s use. We determined that
      Tucci had, indeed, promised to pay Wisniewski back when he
      sold the property. And we determined that Tucci owed $74,665
      for monies he received from Wisniewski which she paid through
      the EE bank accounts.

Trial Court Opinion, 8/18/17, at 5.   We agree, and the record reflects the

trial court’s statements.

      Tucci also avers that he did not have a “full and fair opportunity to

litigate [EE’s] issues in the Wisniewski Lawsuit.” Tucci’s Brief at 15. Tucci

maintains that he did not fully defend himself in Wisniewski because he

perceived his economic exposure therein “was limited to personal loans

which Wisniewski had advanced, and which was approximately $10,000.”

Id. In asserting his lack of opportunity to litigate, he claims to have relied

on the Wisniewski court’s statement that all “remaining amounts due

Wisniewski are recoverable upon dissolution and liquidation of [EE].” Tucci’s

Brief at 15 (citing R.R. at 392(a), Wisniewski Trial Court Opinion, 3/21/16,

at 10). This claim is nonsensical considering that the Wisniewski court’s

opinion in which this statement appeared was filed six months after the

conclusion of the Wisniewski hearing in October of 2015.


                                    - 18 -
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       The trial court determined that Tucci indeed had a full and fair

opportunity to litigate. Specifically, the court stated that the counterclaim

asserted in Tucci’s Motion to Amend Answer to Assert a Counterclaim could

have, and should have been asserted in Wisniewski. Trial Court Opinion,

8/18/17, at 6. Tucci’s counterclaim alleged that similar to Wisniewski, he

also made numerous oral agreements with EE to provide personal loans to

EE to pay its bills, in the approximate amount of $87,500. Motion to Amend

Answer to Assert a Counterclaim, 2/3/17, at 2. The trial court opined that

Tucci’s “claim, that he loaned money to EE which inured to Wisniewski’s

benefit, is identical to Wisniewski’s prior claim that she loaned money to EE

which inured to Tucci’s benefit.”        Trial Court Opinion, 8/18/17, at 6. The

trial court also clarified that it would “not speculate as to why Tucci is only

claiming his loans to EE and Wisniewski at this late date.”          Trial Court

Opinion, 8/18/17, at 6.        The trial court underscored that in Wisniewski,

Tucci was represented by counsel, and he testified on his own behalf. Id.

The trial court concluded, “It appears that [Tucci] regrets his original

defense strategy and hopes to garner a second bite at the litigation apple.”

Id. We agree. The record supports the trial court’s explanation.3

       Looking to the additional factors necessary to support application of

offensive collateral estoppel, Tucci also avers EE could have, and should

____________________________________________


3   We further note that Tucci did not appeal the Wisniewski decision.



                                          - 19 -
J-A06020-18


have, been a party to the Wisniewski lawsuit. Tucci’s Brief at 16. Tucci

asserts that: 1) nothing prevented EE from being a party to the prior suit,

2) there were no changes in the circumstances of EE’s operation and

membership between the filing of Wisniewski and the instant action, and

3) EE successfully initiated the present, subsequent suit. Id. at 17.

      The trial court acknowledged that the question of whether EE could

have joined Wisniewski is “problematic.” Trial Court Opinion, 8/18/17, at

7. The court explained:

      Although EE claims that it could not have easily joined in the first
      litigation since it “is a small company with only two members,
      Wisniewski and Tucci,” and “Tucci was certainly not going to
      agree to file a lawsuit against himself ([EE’s] Brief in Support of
      Judgment on the Pleadings, p.9), EE has apparently managed to
      file suit in this case. More to the point, the first action was filed
      solely by Wisniewski because, “Wisniewski reasonably believed
      that Tucci owed her the money that she had advanced from her
      credit cards.” (Id.) However, this [c]ourt concluded in the prior
      litigation that EE was the funnel through which Wisniewski’s
      funds flowed to Tucci and as such, the amounts due Wisniewski
      must be sought through dissolution and liquidation of EE, under
      the mandates of Equestrian Endeavors’ Operating Agreement
      (Wisniewski v. Tucci, Opinion and Order, 3/21/16, p. 9).
      Consequently, EE now brings suit. As our examining lens is one
      of fairness, we conclude that Tucci was not prejudiced by the
      fact that EE was not the original plaintiff to the first case.

Id. (emphasis in original).    This explanation is consistent with the trial

court’s conclusion that EE met the general collateral estoppel factors, as

discussed supra, and the broad discretion a trial court should be given in

determining when offensive collateral estoppel should be applied.         See

Parklane Hosiery, 439 U.S. at 331.


                                     - 20 -
J-A06020-18


      Furthermore, at the beginning of the trial in Wisniewski, the court

raised the issue of whether EE “was the proper party for the claim

against” Tucci, N.T., 10/21/15, at 3–4, and suggested, “Well, you two can

talk about it.” Id. at 5. Tucci’s counsel made no response. Again, at the

end of the second day of trial, EE’s absence arose again, this time in

relation to dissolution of the LLC. N.T., 10/22/15, at 87. Again, Tucci was

noncommittal. Id. at 88. In light of the entire record, we are inclined to

agree with the trial court’s resolution of this issue, as noted supra. Trial

Court Opinion, 8/18/17, at 7.

      In a brief, three-page argument, Tucci also challenges the second

factor regarding offensive use of collateral estoppel, which questions

whether the subsequent litigation was foreseeable and therefore, the

defendant had an incentive to defend the first action vigorously.      Tucci’s

Brief at 18; Parklane Hosiery, 439 U.S. at 330.             Tucci asserts, in

conclusory fashion, that statements from the Wisniewski court led him to

“believe that he would have the opportunity in a different proceeding,

through a different venue, and on another day to defend against [EE]

claims.” Tucci’s Brief at 18.

      In disposing of this argument, we rely on the trial court’s reasoning.

The trial court found that Tucci had the incentive to defend Wisniewski

vigorously and even “anticipated this second action.”    Trial Court Opinion,

8/18/17, at 7. As evidence, the trial court underscored Tucci’s comment in a


                                    - 21 -
J-A06020-18


pretrial narrative that “Ms. Wisniewski lacks standing to bring claims on

behalf of EE in her individual capacity, and EE is not even a part of this

litigation.”   Id.   These statements made by Tucci, before the Wisniewski

trial had begun, strongly indicated to the trial court that a claim by EE was

foreseeable.      The court stated, “Thus, Tucci recognized he was facing a

judgment of a significant sum against him by either Wisniewski or EE and

defended accordingly.” Id. We agree with this assessment.

       Finally, Tucci baldly suggests he had “procedural and defense

opportunities in the [EE] case which were not available in the [Wisniewski

l]awsuit.”     Tucci’s Brief at 19.    He claims the trial court did not consider

these unnamed opportunities.          The trial court rejected this argument and

stated:

       [T]here do not appear to be any procedural opportunities
       available to Tucci in this action that would not have been
       available to him in the prior case. Tucci’s proffered counterclaim
       in this matter—that he loaned EE money just as Wisniewski had
       loaned EE money-could and should have been made in the prior
       case. Furthermore, this court recognized and fully addressed
       issues pertaining to EE’s status as a limited liability corporation
       subject to an Operating Agreement and the dictates of the
       statute governing limited liability corporations at 15 Pa.C.S.A.
       Section 8901 et. Seq.[4] In the interest of judicial economy,
       there is no need to re–litigate the issue of Wisniewski’s
       payments to Tucci through the EE accounts.

____________________________________________


4   Since the trial court heard this case, the statutes controlling limited
liability companies have been repealed and replaced by the Pennsylvania
Uniform Limited Liability Company Act of 2016, P.L. 1328, No. 170,
11/21/16.



                                          - 22 -
J-A06020-18


Trial Court Opinion, 8/18/17, at 8.

      Utilizing the minimal facts in the record before us, Tucci appears to

conflate the Wisniewski court’s holding that he owed $74,665 to EE for

loans that Wisniewski funneled through the EE bank accounts, with the trial

court’s instruction that “the amounts due Wisniewski must be sought

through dissolution and liquidation of EE.” Trial Court Opinion, 8/18/17, at

8.   While there may be procedural opportunities and other defenses that

could be raised in dissolution proceedings, such proceedings have not yet

occurred. As the instant trial court stated, “[T]he dissolution and liquidation

of EE . . . is still necessary in order for Wisniewski to seek distribution of the

judgment entered in this case, just as in the prior action.”       Id.   The trial

court held that there were no procedural opportunities that would have been

available to Tucci in the instant action that were not available in the first

action. Trial Court Opinion, 8/18/17, at 8.    Tucci’s proffered counterclaim in

his denied Motion to Amend Answer to Assert Counterclaim was that he,

individually, also had made oral agreements to loan EE approximately

$87,500, which it had not repaid. Tucci’s Motion to Amend Answer to Assert

Counterclaim, 2/03/17, at 2. The trial court found that this counterclaim is a

breach-of-contract claim premised on an oral agreement, as was the claim

Wisniewski filed against Tucci in Wisniewski. Tucci provides no case law to

support his contention that the procedural options or defenses identified

would have applied in this civil case, let alone that they could produce a


                                      - 23 -
J-A06020-18


different result. The trial court held that the counterclaim should have been

brought in the prior action.        In the instant case for a breach of contract,

there were no procedural opportunities that could have produced a different

result.    Trial Court Opinion, 8/18/17, at 6–8.        In light of the record, we

concur with the trial court that Tucci had no procedural opportunities that

were not available in the prior action.

      In    his   second   issue,     Tucci   asserts   that   his   trial   attorney’s

“incompetence and ineffective assistance deprived [Tucci] of crucial defense

opportunities and denied [Tucci] of his due process rights.” Tucci’s Brief at

4, 19.     Because Tucci did not raise this issue in his Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)

statement, it is waived.    Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii) (“Issues not included in

the Statement and/or not raised in accordance with the provisions of this

paragraph (b)(4) are waived.”); Nexus Real Estate, LLC v. Erickson, 174

A.3d 1, 4 (Pa. Super. 2017) (same).

      Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court properly relied on the

doctrine of collateral estoppel in this case.

      Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 5/18/2018

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