             IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Ziegenfuss Drilling, Inc.,               :
                   Petitioner            :
                                         :
             v.                          :
                                         :
Workers' Compensation Appeal             :
Board (Dailey),                          :   No. 1975 C.D. 2014
                Respondent               :   Argued: October 5, 2015

BEFORE:      HONORABLE BERNARD L. McGINLEY, Judge
             HONORABLE MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, Judge
             HONORABLE ROCHELLE S. FRIEDMAN, Senior Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE McGINLEY                            FILED: December 18, 2015
             Ziegenfuss Drilling, Inc. (Employer) petitions for review of the
October 17, 2014, Order of the Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Board)
which affirmed and modified the February 5, 2013, and May 16, 2012, Decisions
and Orders of the Workers’ Compensation Judge’s (WCJ) grant of Ralph Dailey’s
(Claimant) Claim Petition.


                                   I. Background.
             On May 11, 2011, Claimant filed a Claim Petition and alleged that he
sustained a “right ankle fracture, torn ligament in left knee, dislocated hip, spleen
injury, liver injury, fractured ribs, facial laceration…as a result of a work-related
motor vehicle accident.”        Claimant’s Claim Petition, May 11, 2011, at 1;
Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 5a.
               On June 10, 2011, Employer filed an Answer and alleged that
Claimant was not entitled to compensation pursuant to the Workers’ Compensation
Act (Act)1 because he “was not in the course and scope of his employment at the
time of the motor vehicle accident.” Employer’s Answer to Claim Petition, June
10, 2011, at 1; R.R. at 8a.


                                     II. Interim Order.
               At the request of the parties, the Claim Petition was bifurcated to
allow for a determination of a threshold issue, i.e., whether Claimant was in the
course and scope of his employment with Employer at the time of the March 10,
2011, automobile injury.


               Claimant, a resident of North Carolina, testified by telephone that he
was employed as a driller’s helper at natural gas wells in Pennsylvania for
Employer since mid-September of 2010. Notes of Testimony, August 4, 2011,
(N.T. 8/4/11) at 10-12 and 16; R.R. at 35a-37a and 41a. During his employment
with Employer, Claimant worked at approximately twenty-two different job sites.
N.T. 8/4/11 at 13; R.R. at 38a.             Claimant did not maintain a residence in
Pennsylvania, and Employer provided Claimant a weekly allowance for housing
and food. N.T. 8/4/11 at 14 and 17; R.R. at 39a and 42a. Claimant was provided a
company vehicle for transportation. N.T. 8/4/11 at 16; R.R. at 41a. On March 9,
2011, after the drilling was completed at the Clear Springs Dairy location,
Claimant and another individual moved Employer’s equipment to Employer’s
rented lot in Lock Haven. Claimant had dropped off drilling equipment at this


      1
          Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as amended.


                                               2
location, approximately ten times prior. N.T. 8/4/11 at 43; R.R. at 68a. Claimant
usually dropped off the equipment at this location during the workday and on one
other occasion it was his last duty of the day. N.T. 8/4/11 at 44; R.R. at 69a.
Claimant then intended to travel to Towanda to stay in his rented room but was
injured in an automobile accident. N.T. 8/4/11 at 21-23; R.R. at 46a-48a.


             Leonard Long (Mr. Long), drill supervisor for Employer, testified that
employees “get paid when they get to the job site, and they…quit getting paid
when they leave the job site….Now if they’re moving equipment, they get paid,
you know, while they’re moving the equipment also.” N.T. at 61-62; R.R. at 86a-
87a.   Mr. Long experienced that in a situation where the last thing that the
employee does for the workday is to drop off a piece of equipment, the employee’s
work day ends “[w]hen they drop off the equipment.” Mr. Long testified that
employees would not be paid for the travel time to where they’re lodged. N.T. at
63; R.R. at 88a. Mr. Long agreed with Claimant’s testimony that the Employer’s
work truck was used to transport the employees from wherever they were staying
to the well site. N.T. at 66; R.R. at 91a.


             Mark Ziegenfuss (Mr. Ziegenfuss), Employer owner, testified that an
employee’s work day started when he arrived at the drilling site and ended when
he left the drilling site. N.T. at 87; R.R. at 112a. Employees are paid for time
spent moving a drill rig from site to site, or to the lot in Lock Haven. Mr.
Ziegenfuss noted that if moving a drill rig is the last task of the day, the
employee’s work day ends when he is done moving the equipment. N.T. at 88;
R.R. at 113a. Mr. Ziegenfuss testified that Employer paid for employees’ motel



                                             3
rooms and provided employees with $25.00 per day for meals. N.T. at 90; R.R. at
115a. Employees were not paid for the time they spent traveling from wherever
they stayed to the well site. N.T. at 97; R.R. at 122a. Mr. Ziegenfuss believed that
Claimant and the other individual involved in the motor vehicle accident intended
to take time off from work after they dropped off the equipment in Lock Haven.
N.T. at 94-95; R.R. at 1191a-120a.


            Leonard Harper (Mr. Harper), a driller’s helper, testified by deposition
on behalf of Employer. Mr. Harper lived in Ohio but worked in Pennsylvania.
Deposition of Leonard Harper, October 17, 2011, (Mr. Harper Deposition), at 4;
R.R. at 236a. Mr. Harper was not paid for the time it took to travel from a work
site to his motel. Mr. Harper Deposition at 10; R.R. at 242a. Mr. Harper testified
that he regularly traveled to the service yard in Lock Haven.            Mr. Harper
Deposition at 7; R.R. at 239a. If Mr. Harper traveled to the service yard at the end
of the work day, he was paid for his travel time to the service yard but his work
day ended when he left the service yard. Mr. Harper Deposition at 9; R.R. at 241a.
Mr. Harper testified that he worked at a couple hundred different work sites. Mr.
Harper Deposition at 23; R.R. at 255a.


            On May 16, 2012, the WCJ made the following relevant findings of
fact:
            ….
            3. At time of hearing, Claimant was 32 years old. He
            began working for the Defendant [Employer] in mid-
            September 2010 as a driller’s helper. The Defendant is
            involved in drilling operations in the Marcellus shale gas
            fields in Pennsylvania. Claimant resides in North
            Carolina.


                                         4
4. Claimant typically worked regular hours as a driller’s
helper, 7:00 or 8:00 p.m. to 7:00 or 8:00 a.m. His job
involved, among other things, operating equipment,
moving equipment, welding, operating a boom truck,
and, in general, assisting the driller.

5. Between September 2010 and March 9, 2011,
Claimant worked at approximately 22 gas well sites,
most of which were located in Bradford County,
Pennsylvania. The last well site on which Claimant was
working, immediately prior to the incident of March 10,
2011, was at Clear Springs Dairy in Burlington
Township, Bradford County.

6. The parties agree that, typically, Claimant was
assigned to work at a specific well site. At times he
would be required by his employer to pick up materials at
an outside location. At other times, Claimant would be
transferred from one well site to another to perform
work. The length of assignment at any one well site
could vary from days to weeks. As a part of his job
duties, Claimant would be required at times to move
equipment from one location to another.
….
34. The WCJ credits the testimony of the Claimant.
Claimant’s testimony was internally consistent, was
consistent in many respects with the testimony of the
Defense [Employer] witnesses, seemed straightforward
and logical, and was not materially affected by cross-
examination. The WCJ also credits, in part, the
testimony of Mr. Ziegenfuss, Mr. Long, and Mr. Harper
as to the calculation of hours worked, the payment of
wages, and the general job duties of a driller’s helper.

35. However, to the extent that there are inconsistencies
between the Claimant’s explanation of his job duties in
general, his work history with the company, his job
assignments on March 9 and 10, 2011, his permitted use
of the company truck, or the specific events of March 10,
2011, the WCJ will accept as credible the testimony of
the Claimant. In this regard, the WCJ observes that Mr.
Ziegenfuss and Mr. Long did not contradict Claimant’s
testimony that: (1) Claimant was allowed the use of a

                           5
company truck for work travel and personal travel and
was allowed the use of the company truck on March 10,
2011; (2) Claimant was directed to transport the drill rig
to Lock Haven which was not a typical assignment for
Claimant, whose usual fixed place of employment was at
a well site. The WCJ also notes the limited knowledge of
Mr. Harper regarding the specific terms of Claimant’s
employment contract and duties with the company.

36. Based on the substantial, credible evidence, the WCJ
further finds:

      a) Claimant was employed by the Defendant
      [Employer] on March 9 and March 10, 2011 as a
      driller’s helper. His regular hours were from 7:00
      or 8:00 p.m. until 7:00 or 8:00 a.m. at well pad
      sites, as assigned by the employer. His job
      involved not only being present at well pad sites,
      but also, performing errands on behalf of the
      employer as assigned, including but not limited to,
      trips for equipment and supplies and to transport
      equipment. He had use of a company vehicle for
      both work and non-work activities. And, he was
      paid a fixed amount for daily expenses.

      b) On March 9 and 10 Claimant reported first to a
      well site known as Clear Springs Dairy in Bradford
      County. When his work at that site was completed,
      he was directed by his employer to transport and
      deliver a drilling rig and equipment from the well
      site in Bradford County to an equipment yard in
      Clinton County. He was assisted by a co-worker,
      Tony Pirylis. They drove the boom truck and drill
      rig to Lock Haven, Clinton County, towing a
      company pickup truck for transportation back to
      Bradford County. However, their arrival at Lock
      Haven was delayed because of an equipment
      failure, a pump falling off the rig and a flat tire.

      c) Claimant was not paid wages by the employer
      after completing the delivery of the equipment to
      Lock Haven.


                            6
      d) Claimant was returning with Mr. Pirylis to
      Towanda, Bradford County at the time of the
      accident on March 10, 2011. The accident
      occurred in Tioga County, southwest of Bradford
      County at about 8:00 a.m. The accident did not
      occur at a location which would have been a
      deviation from the Claimant’s route of return to
      Towanda, Bradford County.

      e) Although Claimant had been residing in Fort
      Pitt, New York when assigned to the Clear Springs
      Dairy site, he intended, on March 10, 2011, to stay
      in a rented room in Towanda, Bradford County.
      His co-worker, Mr. Pirylis, intended to take the
      company truck to New Jersey.

      f) Although Claimant’s work did generally require
      his daily commute to a well site, on March 10,
      2011, Claimant was performing an assignment
      which required him to travel away from his fixed
      place of employment, the well site, to the
      equipment yard in Lock Haven. The route he was
      traveling to Lock Haven and back to Bradford
      County, was not his typical commute from his
      lodgings to and from a well site in Bradford
      County.

37. Therefore, the WCJ finds that Claimant was traveling
to Lock Haven, Clinton County, on March 10, 2011, as
directed by his employer, on special assignment. His
return trip from Bradford County was incidental to the
special assignment and Claimant, although not being paid
wages for the return trip, was using a company vehicle
with permission of the employer to make the trip.
Claimant was, at the time of the motor vehicle accident,
engaged in a trip related to a special assignment, and was
using a truck customarily provided to him as a part of his
contract of employment with Defendant [Employer].
[Emphasis added.]

               CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
….


                            7
               5. Based upon the substantial, credible evidence as
               determined in the Findings above, the WCJ concludes
               that the fixed place of work for the Claimant on March 9,
               and 10, 2011 was the well site to which he was
               temporarily assigned; that on March 10, 2011, Claimant
               was actually on a special mission for the employer and
               indeed, was furthering the business of the employer when
               he transported the drill rig and equipment to Lock Haven
               and, therefore, was required to later return from Lock
               Haven to Bradford County. The WCJ concludes that a
               company truck was available to the Claimant on that
               date, as had been done previously, as a part of Claimant’s
               employment contract, whether or not he was engaged in
               actual work activities, although on the day in question,
               Claimant was not engaged in any personal activities
               when the motor vehicle accident occurred…
WCJ’s Interim Order, May 16, 2012, (Interim Order) Findings of Fact (F.F.) Nos.
3-6, 34-37 and Conclusion of Law No. 5 at 1-9.                The WCJ determined that
“Claimant was both on a special mission and also, as per his contract employment,
using the company truck to travel back to his lodging…when the vehicle accident
occurred”…. Interim Order, Conclusion of Law No. 5 at 9.


                                     III. Claim Petition.
               On July 3, 2012, Claimant described the medical treatment of his
injuries that he sustained in the work-related automobile accident.          Claimant
testified that he returned to North Carolina and sought treatment at the emergency
room of Murphy Medical Center for pain and infection in his right knee, ankle and
toes. Notes of Testimony, July 3, 2012, (N.T. 7/3/12) at 7-8.2 Claimant suffered
from an infection in his stomach as the result of some sutures. N.T. 7/3/12 at 9.
Claimant continued to experience pain in his right knee and in his left knee where
he sustained a Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) tear. N.T. 7/3/12 at 9-10.

      2
          This transcript was not in the Reproduced Record.


                                                8
Claimant could not perform certain activities, like squatting. N.T. 7/3/12 at 10.
Claimant also treated at Carolina Wellness Concepts, located in Franklin, North
Carolina, where he was seen by Marilyn Castle for pain management and was
prescribed medication. He discontinued this treatment plan because he did not
have insurance and could not afford it. N.T. 7/3/12 at 11-13.


               Claimant presented the medical deposition testimony of Ronald E.
DiSimone, M.D. (Dr. DiSimone), board-certified in orthopedic surgery.
Deposition of Ronald E. DiSimone, M.D., December 5, 2012, (Dr. Simone
Deposition) at 3-4.3 Dr. DiSimone performed an Independent Medical Evaluation
(IME) of Claimant on August 20, 2012. Dr. Simone Deposition at 4. Claimant
complained of bilateral knee pain, right ankle pain and swelling, exacerbated by
weight-bearing activities and right knee swelling made worse by prolonged
attempts at standing or walking. Claimant informed Dr. DiSimone that he could
not squat or kneel and that it was difficult to get in and out of the truck. Dr.
Simone Deposition at 6. Dr. DiSimone’s examination revealed that “Claimant had
a positive patellofemoral inhibition test and a positive posterolateral sag sign with
plus two posterior Drawer instability with a soft end point on testing his PCL.” Dr.
DiSimone Deposition at 7-8. Dr. DiSimone opined that Claimant recovered from
all of his diagnosed injuries, with the exception of the following: bimalleolar right
ankle fracture status post open reduction internal fixation, bilateral femoral condyle
contusions with chondral defects and open laceration bilateral knees, and partial
tear posterior cruciate ligament left knee.          Dr. DiSimone Deposition at 9-11.
Claimant’s knees showed evidence of chondral defects, or traumatically-caused


      3
          Dr. DiSimone’s Deposition is not part of the Reproduced Record.


                                               9
areas where the cartilage is missing, consistent with “dashboard injuries,” which
was associated with painful swelling “and pain and insecurity on walking.” Dr.
DiSimone Deposition at 11.        Claimant’s PCL tear did “not cause a lot of
symptoms…[but was] a big problem and [was] an ongoing area of instability in the
left knee.”   Dr. DiSimone Deposition at 11.        Dr. DiSimone opined that the
unresolved diagnoses were responsible and necessary to restrict the patient in his
ability to perform work. Dr. DiSimone Deposition at 12. Dr. DiSimone believed
that if Claimant underwent a successful PCL reconstruction, he would eventually
be capable of returning to work as a driller. Dr. DiSimone Deposition at 13.


              Employer presented the deposition testimony of Michael Wolk, M.D.
(Dr. Wolk), board certified in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Deposition of
Michael Wolk, M.D., September 24, 2012, (Dr. Wolk Deposition) at 3-4. On
August 21, 2012, Dr. Wolk performed an IME of Claimant, took Claimant’s
medical history, and reviewed medical records.         Dr. Wolk Deposition at 9.
Claimant informed Dr. Wolk that he could sit for two hours at a time and could
only stand or walk twenty to thirty minutes at a time. Dr. Wolk Deposition at 13.
Claimant’s medical records revealed that he was injured in an automobile accident
and sustained a right forehead laceration, a right nose laceration with head injury,
right greater than left bilateral pulmonary contusions, frail chest on the right with
right-sided hemo and pneumothorax which required a chest tube, multiple bilateral
rib fractures, a Grade 1 liver laceration with hemoperoneum, a Grade 2 and 3
spleen contusion, a right adrenalin hemorrhage surrounding the adrenal gland and
the inferior vena cava, a left hip fracture dislocation and posterior acetabular
fracture, an open right ankle fracture, a bimalleolar and laceration of the left knee,



                                         10
and left flank abrasion. Dr. Wolk Deposition at 14. Dr. Wolk believed Claimant
exhibited a moderate degree of symptom magnification and did not put forth a full
reliable consistent effort during physical type maneuvers. Dr. Wolk Deposition at
18. Dr. Wolk opined that Claimant suffered significant injuries as a result of the
work-related injury that required multiple surgical procedures and intensive
rehabilitation. However, Dr. Wolk concluded that Claimant recovered and was
capable of returning to work on August 21, 2011. Dr. Wolk Deposition at 25.

             On February 5, 2013, the WCJ made the following relevant findings
of fact concerning the claim petition:

             49. The WCJ finds credible, in part, the testimony of the
             Claimant. The WCJ specifically credits Claimant’s
             explanation of the nature of the work injury, his
             treatment post-injury, his ongoing symptoms and
             disability, and his limitations as to certain physical
             activities.

             50. In crediting the testimony of the Claimant, in part,
             the WCJ took into account: the manner in which
             Claimant testified; the mechanism of the work injury; the
             corroboration of the Claimant’s symptoms and disability
             by Dr. DiSimone; the admission of the symptoms and
             disability by Dr. DiSimone; the admission of the
             significance of the initial injuries by Dr. Wolk; the
             concessions of Dr. Wolk that Claimant does suffer
             ongoing problems at the site of the splenectomy and in
             the left knee; and the Claimant’s efforts to follow up with
             appropriate medical treatment post-injury despite the
             denial of Workers’ Compensation coverage. While
             testifying, Claimant did not magnify, or embellish his
             symptoms.

             51. The WCJ finds credible the medical explanations
             and opinions of Dr. DiSimone. In crediting these
             opinions, the WCJ took into account the thorough and
             detailed nature of the doctor’s analysis, the clarity of his

                                         11
explanations, and the consistency of his opinions despite
a careful cross-examination. The WCJ further observes
that, in certain respects, Dr. Wolk did concede findings
made by Dr. DiSimone, for example with regard to the
laxity in the left knee, the PCL injury. Further, the
reliance by Dr. DiSimone on the Claimant’s credibility is
consistent with the WCJ’s impression of the Claimant’s
testimony at the time of hearing.

52. The WCJ rejects as not credible the opinions of Dr.
Wolk to the extent he opined Claimant was fully
recovered, or, that Claimant could return to work as a
driller’s helper without restrictions. In this regard, the
WCJ has accepted as credible the testimony of the
Claimant, and the opinions of Dr. DiSimone to the
contrary.

53. In summary, the WCJ finds that the substantial,
credible evidence shows: (1) Claimant suffered work
injuries on 03/10/11 as itemized by Dr. DiSimone at
Finding of Fact No. 17 above; (2) Claimant requires
treatment for and suffers ongoing disability from three of
the diagnoses attributable to the work injury as opined by
Dr. DiSimone at Finding of Fact 18 above; (3) Claimant
has not fully recovered from the work injury; [and] (4)
Claimant cannot, currently, perform his time of injury job
as a driller’s helper.

               CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
….
7. The medical opinions of Dr. DiSimone and Dr. Wolk
were unequivocal and were rendered to a reasonable
degree of medical certainty. Nonetheless, these opinions
were conflicting.

8. The WCJ has resolved the conflicting medical opinion
evidence by accepting the diagnoses and opinions of Dr.
DiSimone and rejecting the opinions of Dr. Wolk to the
contrary. [Emphasis added.]

9. Therefore, it must be specifically concluded that
Claimant suffered an injury as described by the medical
opinions of Dr. DiSimone…and continues to suffer

                           12
            injury-related disability, as per the opinions of Dr.
            DiSimone…under the terms of the Act.

WCJ’s Decision, February 5, 2013, F.F. Nos. 49-53 and Conclusions of Law Nos.
7-9 at 8-11; R.R. at 291a-292a. The WCJ granted Claimant’s Claim Petition.


            The Board affirmed the decision of the WCJ based on alternative
grounds and modified the WCJ’s Decision. The Board also ordered Employer to
pay statutory interest and deduct Claimant’s attorney’s fee, in accordance with the
Fee Agreement, on all due and unpaid medical expenses. The Board reasoned:

            After a careful review of the record, we determine that
            the WCJ did not err in finding that Claimant was in the
            course and scope of his employment with Defendant
            [Employer] at the time of his injury. However, we reach
            this determination on different grounds. The WCJ found
            that Claimant was working at a fixed location, the well
            site, but that he was traveling to Lock Haven on March
            10, 2011, as directed by his employer, on a special
            assignment. He found that Claimant’s return trip was
            incidental to this special assignment, and that although he
            was not being paid for his time during the return trip, he
            was using a company vehicle with Defendant’s
            [Employer’s] permission, with such vehicle being
            customarily provided to him as part of his contract of
            employment with Defendant [Employer].

            We believe, after review, that the WCJ erred in finding
            that Claimant was working at a fixed location at the time
            of his injury….
Board’s Decision, October 17, 2014, (Decision) at 8-9; R.R. at 313a-314a.




                                        13
                            II. Present Controversy.
       A. Whether Claimant Was In The Course And Scope Of His Employment
                   At The Time Of The Motor Vehicle Accident?


              First, Employer argues4 that the Board erred when it affirmed the
WCJ’s conclusion that Claimant was in the course and scope of employment at the
time of the motor vehicle accident.

              Employer contends that the Board erred when it affirmed the WCJ’s
determination that Claimant was in the course and scope of employment where he
commuted from his fixed place of employment after the end of his workday and
intended to travel to his friend’s home, and where none of the exceptions to the
“going and coming” rule apply.


              Whether an employee is in the course and scope of his employment at
the time of an injury is a question of law which must be based on the findings of
fact. Stillman v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (CBR Enterprises), 569
A.2d 983 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1990). The course of employment is necessarily broader
for traveling employees and is liberally construed to effectuate the purposes of the
Act.     Aluminum Co. of America v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board
(Howar), 380 A.2d 958 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1977). When a traveling employee is injured
after setting out on the business of his employer, it is presumed that he was
furthering the employer’s business at the time of the injury. Investors Diversified


        4
          This Court’s review is limited to a determination of whether an error of law was
committed, whether necessary findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence, or whether
constitutional rights were violated. Vinglinsky v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Penn
Installation), 589 A.2d 291 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1991).


                                              14
Services v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board, 520 A.2d 958 (Pa. Cmwlth.
1987). The employer bears the burden of rebutting this presumption. Aluminum
Co. To meet its burden, the employer must prove that the claimant’s actions were
so foreign to and removed from his usual employment that they constitute an
abandonment of that employment.        Port Authority of Allegheny County v.
Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Stevens), 452 A.2d 902 (Pa. Cmwlth.
1982).


            Here, this Court concurs with the Board’s conclusion that Claimant
was a traveling employee at the time of his injury pursuant to Roman v. Workmen’s
Compensation Appeal Board (Department of Environmental Services), 616 A.2d
128 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1992) and Sheckler Contracting v. Worker’s Compensation
Appeal Board (Yonek), 697 A.2d 1062 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1997). Here, the Board
found:

            …Claimant, a resident of North Carolina, testified that he
            was employed as a driller’s helper, to work at natural gas
            wells in Pennsylvania, since mid-September, 2010.
            During his employment with Defendant [Employer], he
            worked at approximately twenty-two different job sites.
            Claimant did not maintain a residence in Pennsylvania.
            During the time that he worked for Defendant
            [Employer], he flew home to North Carolina on four
            occasions, at Defendant’s [Employer’s] expense. While
            working in Pennsylvania, Claimant stayed at various
            motels, again at Defendant’s [Employer’s] expense.
            Claimant was also allowed the use of the company
            vehicle for personal reasons. Claimant was injured in a
            motor vehicle accident as he was on his way to Towanda
            to work at Defendant’s [Employer’s] next job site.

            We note several similarities between the facts of this
            matter and those of Roman and Sheckler, which seem to


                                       15
            place Claimant squarely in the shoes of a traveling
            employee. For example, in Roman and Sheckler, the
            claimants resided in hotels, during the workweek, which
            were paid for by the employer, and they returned home to
            their residences on the weekends. In Roman, in
            particular, there appeared to be no question that under
            those circumstances, the claimant was a traveling
            employee. In addition, in Sheckler, the claimant was
            actually traveling home at the time of his injury, but was
            nonetheless found to have been in the course and scope
            of his employment when he was injured. In that case, the
            Court found it significant that the claimant could have
            been asked to report to different worksites after he
            returned home. Here, Claimant reported to twenty-two
            different worksites during the course of his employment
            with Defendant [Employer], and he, in fact, expected to
            be picked up, from Towanda, to report to Defendant’s
            [Employer’s] next worksite.
            ….
            …The facts, when viewed here in the light most
            favorable to Claimant as the prevailing party, establish
            that he was a traveling employee at the time of his injury.
            See Roman; Sheckler. Therefore, he was entitled to the
            broad presumption that he was injured during the course
            and scope of his employment when he was injured while
            going to his rented room after delivering equipment for
            Defendant [Employer]. As there was no evidence
            presented to rebut that presumption, the WCJ did not err
            in finding that Claimant was in the course and scope of
            his employment at the time of his injury. See Roman;
            Sheckler. Therefore, he was entitled to the broad
            presumption that he was injured during the course and
            scope of his employment when he was injured while
            going to his rented room after delivering equipment for
            Defendant [Employer]. As there was no evidence
            presented to rebut that presumption, the WCJ did not err
            in finding that Claimant was in the course and scope of
            his employment at the time of his injury. [Emphasis
            added.]
Decision at 10-12; R.R at 315a-317a.




                                        16
             The Board was correct in its determination that Employer clearly
failed to satisfy its burden and establish that Claimant’s actions were so foreign to
and removed from his usual employment that they constituted an abandonment of
that employment.


  B. Whether The Board Erred When It Ordered Employer To Pay Claimant’s
 Attorney A Fee In The Amount of Twenty Percent Of All Unpaid Medical Bills?
             Second, Employer contends that the Board erred when it ordered the
Employer to pay Claimant’s attorney a fee in the amount of twenty percent of all
unpaid medical bills where the WCJ did not issue any findings as to the time and
effort expended by the attorney or whether such an increased fee was reasonable.


             The Fee Agreement provided:

             1. Amount of Fee.
             The attorney’s fees charged by the Firm is a contingent
             fee of 20% of the amount awarded or agreed to by the
             parties, including interest, in the context of any petition.
             This fee shall also apply to all injury-related medical
             expenses which are paid as a result of the Firm’s
             representation, through either an award or agreement.
Fee Agreement, May 5, 2011, at 1.


             The WCJ found:

             10. Defendant [Employer] must pay to Claimant
             temporary total disability wage loss benefits at the
             weekly rate of $828.64 beginning 03/11/11 and
             continuing thereafter and ongoing as per the terms of the
             Act.

             11. Defendant [Employer] must pay those reasonable
             and necessary medical expenses causally related to the


                                         17
                 described work injury, as per the cost containment
                 schedules and the terms of the Act.

                 12. Defendant [Employer] must pay interest on past-due
                 benefits at the rate of 10% per annum.

                 13. As Claimant has prevailed, Defendant [Employer]
                 must pay Claimant’s reasonable litigation costs as per the
                 terms of the Act. Minicozzi v. WCAB (Indus. Metal
                 Plating Inc.), 873 A.2d 25 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2005).

                 14. The foregoing notwithstanding, based upon the legal
                 issue regarding course and scope of employment, and the
                 deposition testimony of Dr. Wolk, the Defendant’s
                 [Employer’s] contest of this matter has been reasonable.
                 Therefore, although Claimant’s fee agreement with
                 counsel is reasonable, Claimant must bear his own
                 counsel fees. [Emphasis added.]
WCJ’s Decision, February 5, 2013, Conclusions of Law Nos. 10-14 at 10; R.R. at
293a.


                 The Board concluded:

                 Claimant argues, on Appeal, that the WCJ erred by
                 failing to award statutory interest on all due and unpaid
                 medical benefits, and by failing to order Defendant
                 [Employer] to deduct and pay to Claimant’s attorney a
                 fee of 20% on all due and unpaid medical expenses.
                 Contrary to Claimant’s argument, the WCJ in Conclusion
                 of Law No. 12, directed Defendant [Employer] to pay
                 interest on past-due benefits at the rate of 10% per
                 annum. In Glinka v. W.C.A.B. (Sears, Roebuck &
                 Company), 462 A.2d 909 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1983), the
                 Commonwealth Court resolved that pursuant to Section
                 406.1 of the Act, 77 P.S. § 717.1,[5] interest shall accrue
                 on all due and unpaid compensation, including medical
                 bills, at the rate of 10% per annum. In addition, the WCJ
                 also approved Claimant’s fee agreement with counsel,

        5
            Added by Section 3 of the Act of February 8, 1972, P.L. 25.


                                                 18
             and directed Defendant [Employer], in his Order, to
             deduct and pay these fees directly to counsel for
             Claimant. The Fee Agreement entered into by Claimant
             and his counsel, provides for a 20% fee of the amount
             awarded, including medical expenses….Medical
             expenses may be included when computing a claimant’s
             attorney’s contingent fee. Raulston v. W.C.A.B. (Tri-
             State Motor Transit), 606 A.2d 668 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1992).
             To the extent that the WCJ’s Decision can be interpreted
             otherwise, we hereby modify to order Defendant
             [Employer] to pay statutory interest and deduct
             Claimant’s attorney’s fee, in accordance with the Fee
             Agreement, on all due and unpaid medical expenses.
Decision at 17-18; R.R. at 321a-322a.


             In Raulston, a claimant sustained a work-related injury, filed a claim
petition and was subsequently awarded workers’ compensation benefits. The WCJ
ordered employer to pay claimant weekly compensation and to pay claimant’s
medical bills. The WCJ’s decision also ordered employer to deduct twenty percent
of the compensation payable and pay it directly to claimant’s attorney. Employer’s
insurer paid claimant’s attorney twenty percent of the weekly benefits payable.
However, the insurer, after forwarding eighty percent of the award for medical
bills in order that it be paid to the medical providers, retained the additional twenty
percent and refused to pay it to claimant’s attorney. Claimant’s attorney filed a
petition with the Board and requested approval of attorney fees. The Board found
that the attorney was not entitled to 20% of reimbursement for medical bills as part
of his contingency fee. On appeal, this Court noted that “the referee’s [WCJ’s]
decision did not explicitly state that claimant’s attorney should receive twenty
percent of the medical bill reimbursements.        The referee [WCJ] also did not
explicitly approve the fee agreement between claimant and his attorney as required
by Section 442 of the Act.” Raulston, 660 A.2d at 670. This Court determined

                                          19
that an attorney’s contingency fee could come out of reimbursement for medical
expenses and remanded for a determination of whether the claimant and the
attorney intended for the attorney to receive a percentage of medical bill
reimbursements as part of his fee and whether the attorney’s fee was reasonable.


            Here, unlike in Raulston, it is evident from the record that the fee
agreement specifically provided that a fee was due on all compensation payable,
including medical expenses. Additionally, the WCJ concluded that “Claimant’s
fee agreement with counsel is reasonable.” WCJ’s Decision, February 5, 2013,
Conclusion of Law No. 14 at 10; R.R. at 293a.


            Accordingly, the decision of the Board is affirmed.


                                      ____________________________
                                      BERNARD L. McGINLEY, Judge




                                        20
         IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Ziegenfuss Drilling, Inc.,           :
                   Petitioner        :
                                     :
            v.                       :
                                     :
Workers' Compensation Appeal         :
Board (Dailey),                      :   No. 1975 C.D. 2014
                Respondent           :


                                 ORDER

            AND NOW, this 18th day of December, 2015, the Order of the
Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board is affirmed.




                                     ____________________________
                                     BERNARD L. McGINLEY, Judge
