ATTORNEYS FOR PETITIONER:                      ATTORNEYS FOR RESPONDENT:
DAVID A. SUESS                                 CURTIS T. HILL, JR.
DANIEL R. ROY                                  ATTORNEY GENERAL OF INDIANA
BENJAMIN A. BLAIR                              KELLY S. THOMPSON
FAEGRE BAKER DANIELS LLP                       ZACHARY D. PRICE
Indianapolis, IN                               DEPUTY ATTORNEYS GENERAL
                                               Indianapolis, IN

                                               JESSICA R. GASTINEAU
                                               SPECIAL COUNSEL - TAX LITIGATION
                                               OFFICE OF CORPORATION COUNSEL
                                               Indianapolis, IN
                                                                                 FILED
                                                                            Jan 25 2019, 3:25 pm
                               IN THE                                            CLERK
                                                                             Indiana Supreme Court

                         INDIANA TAX COURT                                      Court of Appeals
                                                                                  and Tax Court




CONVENTION HEADQUARTERS                          )
HOTELS, LLC,                                     )
                                                 )
       Petitioner,                               )
                                                 )
              v.                                 ) Cause No. 18T-TA-00014
                                                 )
MARION COUNTY ASSESSOR,                          )
                                                 )
       Respondent.                               )


        ORDER ON APPEAL FROM THE INDIANA BOARD OF TAX REVIEW
       PURSUANT TO INDIANA CODE SECTIONS 6-1.1-15-4 AND 6-1.1-15-5

                                   FOR PUBLICATION
                                    January 25, 2019

WENTWORTH, J.

       Convention Headquarters Hotels, LLC (CHH) has appealed the assessment of its

real property for the 2010 tax year, claiming it violates the Equal Protection Clause of the

U.S. Constitution, the Property Taxation and Equal Privileges and Immunities Clauses of

Indiana’s Constitution, and Indiana’s market value-in-use standard. CHH also seeks an
award of costs, fees, and expenses, including reasonable attorney’s fees, pursuant to 42

U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 1988(b). As a threshold matter, however, the Court must determine

whether it has subject matter jurisdiction over CHH’s appeal.

                                      BACKGROUND

       CHH owns the JW Marriott Hotel located in downtown Indianapolis, Center

Township, Marion County, Indiana. (Pet’r Pet. Judicial Review (“Pet’r Pet.”) ¶¶ 6, 15.)

On October 13, 2010, the Assessor mailed a Form 11 to CHH that increased its 2010

assessment from $18,479,100 to $86,987,100. (See Pet’r Pet. ¶¶ 7, 19, Ex. A at 2-3.)

On November 24, 2010, CHH filed a Form 130 Notice to Initiate an Appeal with the Marion

County Property Tax Assessment Board of Appeals (PTABOA). (See Pet’r Pet. ¶ 21.)

The PTABOA, however, took no action on CHH’s Form 130. (Pet’r Pet. ¶ 22.)

       Nearly seven years later, on June 6, 2017, CHH filed a Form 131 Petition for

Review with the Indiana Board of Tax Review (“Form 131 petition”).1 (See Pet’r Pet. ¶¶

7, 23, Ex. A.) The Indiana Board assigned a specific petition number to CHH’s Form 131

but, like the PTABOA, took no further action on CHH’s assessment challenge. (See Pet’r

Pet. ¶¶ 7, 10-11.)

       On May 1, 2018, CHH filed a “Petition for Judicial Review” (“Petition”) with the Tax

Court, alleging that the Court had subject matter jurisdiction over its appeal because it

arose under Indiana’s tax laws. (See Pet’r Pet. ¶¶ 4, 10-11.) CHH also alleged that its

appeal was properly before the Court pursuant to Indiana Code §§ 33-26-3-1, 33-26-3-2,



1
   In June of 2017, taxpayers could bypass the PTABOA and go directly to the Indiana Board
when the PTABOA failed to timely conduct a hearing on a taxpayer’s assessment challenge. See
IND. CODE § 6-1.1-15-1(o) (2016) (providing that when any ptaboa fails to conduct a hearing on
an appeal within 180 days of its filing, the appeal may proceed directly to the Indiana Board)
(repealed July 1, 2017).
                                              2
6-1.1-15-4, and 6-1.1-15-5. (See Pet’r Pet. ¶¶ 4, 8, 10-13.)

       On June 4, 2018, after holding a case management conference, the Court ordered

the parties sua sponte to file briefs on the issue of subject matter jurisdiction. That same

day, however, the Assessor notified the Court that he had caused the case to be removed

to federal court. On August 29, 2018, after the federal court remanded the case to the

Tax Court, the parties filed an “Agreed Motion for Briefing Schedule” on the question of

subject matter jurisdiction. The Court granted their Motion the next day, ordering them to

file simultaneous briefs on October 12, 2018, and simultaneous response briefs on

October 19, 2018.2

                                              LAW

       Subject matter jurisdiction, the power of a court to hear and determine a particular

class of cases, can only be conferred upon a court by the Indiana Constitution or by

statute. Grandville Co-op., Inc. v. O’Connor, 25 N.E.3d 833, 836 (Ind. Tax Ct. 2015).

Consequently, the “‘[t]he only relevant inquiry in determining whether any court has []

subject matter jurisdiction is to ask whether the kind of claim which the plaintiff advances

falls within the general scope of the authority conferred upon [the] court by the constitution

or by statute.’” Marion Cty. Auditor v. State, 33 N.E.3d 398, 400-01 (Ind. Tax Ct. 2015)

(quoting Pivarnik v. N. Ind. Pub. Serv. Co., 636 N.E.2d 131, 137 (Ind. 1994)).

       The Tax Court is a court of limited jurisdiction. IND. CODE § 33-26-3-1 (2018). Its

enabling legislation gives the Tax Court “exclusive jurisdiction over any case that arises



2
   The Assessor filed a total of four briefs, two entitled “Respondent’s Brief” and two entitled
“Respondent’s Reply Brief,” because the Office of Corporation Counsel represents the Assessor
in his individual capacity and the Attorney General represents him in his official capacity.
Consequently, the citations for these documents will include the specific filing dates and times to
distinguish between them.
                                                3
under the tax laws of Indiana and that is an initial appeal of a final determination made

by” the Indiana Board. I.C. § 33-26-3-1. The Tax Court also has “any other jurisdiction

conferred by statute[.]” IND. CODE § 33-26-3-2 (2018). See also IND. CODE § 33-26-3-3

(2018) (stating that the Court does not have “jurisdiction over a case unless . . . [it] has

otherwise been specifically assigned jurisdiction by statute”).

                                               ISSUE

       The sole issue before the Court is whether it has subject matter jurisdiction to hear

CHH’s appeal.3 Specifically, the Court must determine whether the Indiana Board’s

failure to hold a hearing or provide notice of its final determination in this matter gave

CHH the right to a direct appeal to the Tax Court, thereby conferring subject matter

jurisdiction, under Indiana Code § 6-1.1-15.

                                            ANALYSIS

       CHH claims that the Court has subject matter jurisdiction over its case because

together Indiana Code §§ 6-1.1-15-5 and 6-1.1-15-4 indicate that the Legislature intended

to give taxpayers the discretion to proceed to the Tax Court when the Indiana Board fails

to comply with its mandatory deadlines for holding hearings or issuing final

determinations. (See Pet’r Br. Regarding Ct.’s Jurisdiction (“Pet’r Br.”) at 3-7.) Indiana

Code § 6-1.1-15-5(g) states:

           If the maximum time elapses for the Indiana board to give notice of

3
  The Assessor has also raised an issue that CHH’s “arguments under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 are
untimely and should be dismissed as time barred” pursuant to Indiana Trial Rules 12(B)(1) and
12(B)(6). (See Resp’t Br. at 4-6 (filed 10/12/2018 5:31 PM).) The Court will not address this issue
not only because the Court ordered the parties to submit briefs on subject matter jurisdiction only,
but also because a finding that jurisdiction is lacking would render any rulings from the Court
regarding the timeliness of CHH’s § 1983 claim void. See Goldstein v. Indiana Dep’t Local Gov’t
Fin., 876 N.E.2d 391, 393 (Ind. Tax Ct. 2007) (“‘If a court does not have subject matter jurisdiction,
any judgment that it renders is void’” (quoting State Bd. of Tax Comm’rs v. Ispat Inland, Inc., 784
N.E.2d 477, 481 (Ind. 2003))).
                                                  4
           its final determination under . . . section 4 of this chapter, a party may
           initiate a proceeding for judicial review by taking the action required
           by subsection (b) at any time after the maximum time elapses.

IND. CODE § 6-1.1-15-5(g) (2017) (emphases added). Moreover, Indiana Code § 6-1.1-

15-4 states:

           If the Indiana board fails to make a final determination within the
           time allowed by this section, the entity that initiated the petition
           may:

               (1) take no action and wait for the Indiana board to make a
                   final determination; or

               (2) petition for judicial review under section 5 of this chapter.

IND. CODE § 6-1.1-15-4(i) (2017). Accordingly, the Court must determine whether Indiana

Code §§ 6-1.1-15-5 and 6-1.1-15-4 confer subject matter jurisdiction over CHH’s appeal.

       Indiana Code § 6-1.1-15-4 sets forth various procedures for the Indiana Board to

follow when it reviews a taxpayer’s assessment appeal. See generally I.C. § 6-1.1-15-4.

The statute provides that “the Indiana board shall conduct a hearing not later than nine

(9) months after a petition in proper form is filed with the Indiana board[.]” I.C. § 6-1.1-

15-4(e).   The statute further provides that “[t]he Indiana board shall make a [final]

determination not later than the later of: (1) ninety (90) days after the hearing; or (2) the

date set in an extension order issued by the Indiana board.” I.C. § 6-1.1-15-4(g). “If the

Indiana board fails to make a final determination within the time allowed by this section,

[however,] the entity that initiated the petition may: (1) take no action and wait for the

Indiana board to make a final determination; or (2) petition for judicial review under section

5 of this chapter.” I.C. § 6-1.1-15-4(i). Accordingly, if the Indiana Board fails to issue its

final determination before “the maximum time elapses” within the statutory timeframe,

Indiana Code § 6-1.1-15-5(g) permits the taxpayer to access the Tax Court’s jurisdiction.

                                               5
See I.C. § 6-1.1-15-5(g).

        The question whether the Court has subject matter jurisdiction over CHH’s case

pursuant to Indiana Code § 6-1.1-15-5(g) depends on when “the maximum time elapses

for the Indiana board to give notice of its final determination” under Indiana Code § 6-1.1-

15-4.   CHH has argued that the Court has jurisdiction over this case because the

maximum time elapses when the Indiana Board fails to comply with the 9-month deadline

for holding a hearing as required under Indiana Code § 6-1.1-15-4(e). (See Pet’r Br. at

5.) Indiana Code § 6-1.1-15-5(d) expressly states, however, that “[t]he failure of the

Indiana board to conduct a hearing within the period prescribed in section 4(e) or 4(f) . . .

does not constitute notice to the party of an Indiana board final determination.” I.C. § 6-

1.1-15-5(d) (emphasis added).

        Conversely, the Assessor claims that because Indiana Code § 6-1.1-15-4(g)

indicates that the period for giving notice starts after the Indiana Board conducts its

hearing (if it elects to hold one), judicial review is unavailable until the Indiana Board

actually holds a hearing or issues a final determination. (See Resp’t Br. at 4-6 (filed

10/12/2018 1:08 PM); Resp’t Reply Br. at 1-2 (filed 10/19/2018 2:55 PM).) Consequently,

the Assessor argues that CHH’s failure to exhaust its administrative remedies by

obtaining a final determination from the Indiana Board has deprived the Court of subject

matter jurisdiction.4 (See Resp’t Br. at 2-3, 6-7 (filed 10/12/2018 1:08 PM).)



4
   The Assessor also argues that CHH’s appeal is improper because it requires the Court to
consider new facts and arguments. (See Resp’t Br. at 2-4, 6-7 (filed 10/12/2018 5:31 PM); Resp’t
Reply Br. (filed 10/19/2018 3:58 PM).) This argument is unpersuasive because Indiana Code §
6-1.1-15-5(g) expressly provides for de novo review. See IND. CODE § 6-1.1-15-5(g) (2018). See
also UACC Midwest, Inc. v. Indiana Dep’t of State Revenue, 667 N.E.2d 232, 235 (Ind. Tax Ct.
1996) (explaining that when the Court reviews a matter de novo, it is not bound by the issues or
evidence presented at the administrative level).
                                               6
       Neither of the parties’ statutory constructions give full effect to the meaning of the

phrase “the maximum time elapsed.” The primary goal of statutory construction is to

determine and implement the intent of the Legislature in enacting the statute.            See

Hamilton Square Inv., LLC v. Hamilton Cty. Assessor, 60 N.E.3d 313, 317 (Ind. Tax Ct.

2016), review denied. The best evidence of this intent is found in the plain language of

the statute itself, as chosen by the Legislature. See id.

       Here, the statutory language plainly states that the Indiana Board is required to

conduct a hearing at its earliest opportunity, but no later than 9 months after a proper

petition for review is filed. See I.C. § 6-1.1-15-4(a), (e). In turn, the Indiana Board must

make a determination no later than 90 days after the hearing is held. See I.C. § 6-1.1-

15-4(g)(1). Accordingly, the “maximum time” that the Indiana Board has to give notice of

its final determination, as defined in Indiana Code § 6-1.1-15-4, is the 9 months for

conducting a hearing plus the 90 days thereafter that it has to issue its final determination,

totaling one year. See I.C. § 6-1.1-15-4(e), (g)(1). Thus, the Tax Court has subject matter

jurisdiction over this case if the Petition to the Tax Court was filed no earlier than one year

after the Form 131 petition was filed with the Indiana Board. See I.C. § 6-1.1-15-5(g).

       The Indiana Board’s own rules support this finding because they refer to Indiana

Code § 6-1.1-15-4’s time limits and acknowledge that a party may obtain judicial review

pursuant to Indiana Code § 6-1.1-15-5 if it fails to act within the specified time limits. See

generally 52 IND. ADMIN. CODE 2-6-1, -4 (2018). Furthermore, the historical versions of

Indiana Code §§ 6-1.1-15-4 and 6-1.1-15-5 support the Court’s finding.              The 1994

versions of these two statutes permitted parties to bypass the Indiana Board’s

predecessor, the State Board of Tax Commissioners, and file an appeal in the Tax Court



                                              7
if the State Board failed to conduct a hearing and make a final determination within 12

months after it received a petition for review. See IND. CODE §§ 6-1.1-15-4(e), -5(b)-(d)

(1994). The State Board’s failure to hold a hearing and issue a final determination within

12 months was deemed to be notice of its final determination, but its failure to conduct a

hearing alone was not deemed to be notice of its final determination. See I.C. §§ 6-1.1-

15-4(e), -5(e) (1994). Therefore, the statutorily mandated 45-day period for initiating an

appeal in the Tax Court began to run after the 12-month period lapsed. See I.C. §§ 6-

1.1-15-4(e), -5(b)-(e) (1994).

       The 2003 versions of the statutes at issue similarly permitted a party to bypass the

Indiana Board and file an appeal with the Tax Court when the Indiana Board failed to

conduct a hearing and make a final determination within 12 months of receiving a petition

for review. See IND. CODE §§ 6-1.1-15-4(e), (g), -5(g) (2003). After the 12-month period

elapsed, however, a petitioner could either initiate an appeal in the Tax Court, which was

to be heard de novo, or wait for the Indiana Board to issue a final determination. See I.C.

§§ 6-1.1-15-4(e), (g), (i), -5(c)-(d), (g) (2003). To give full effect to these provisions, the

language equating the Indiana Board’s failure to hold a hearing and issue a final

determination within 12 months to the provision of notice of a final determination was

removed, while the language stating that the Indiana Board’s failure to hold a hearing was

not notice of its final determination was left intact. Compare I.C. §§ 6-1.1-15-4(e), -5(d)

(2003) with I.C. § 6-1.1-15-4(e), -5(d) (1994). The consequence of this change was that

the Indiana Board’s failure to conduct a hearing or make a final determination within 12

months no longer triggered the statutorily mandated period for appealing to the Tax Court.

Compare I.C. §§ 6-1.1-15-4(e), -5(g) (1994) with I.C. §§ 6-1.1-15-4(e), (g), (i), -5(c)-(d)



                                              8
(2003). Thus, the historical versions of the statutes reveal that: 1) the Indiana Board has

consistently been afforded up to 12 months to issue a final determination; and 2) as of

2003, a party could choose how to proceed if the Indiana Board failed to act within the

12-month period.

       Under Indiana Code § 6-1.1-15-4 and the facts of this case, the Indiana Board was

required to give the parties notice of its final determination no later than 12 months after

the filing of CHH’s Form 131 petition.5 CHH filed its Form 131 petition with the Indiana

Board on June 6, 2017, and CHH filed its Petition with this Court on May 1, 2018, exactly

329 days later. Consequently, the Court does not have subject matter jurisdiction over

CHH’s appeal because the maximum time for the Indiana Board to give notice of its final

determination had not elapsed when CHH sought judicial review under Indiana Code §§

6-1.1-15-4 and 6-1.1-15-5.




5
  Other factors, such as time delays caused by petitioners or orders extending time, may alter
when the maximum time elapses for the Indiana Board to give notice of its final determination.
See generally IND. CODE § 6-1.1-15-4 (2018).
                                              9
                                    CONCLUSION

      A party cannot confer subject matter jurisdiction upon a tribunal when the law

otherwise does not confer such jurisdiction. See Goldstein v. Indiana Dep’t Local Gov’t

Fin., 876 N.E.2d 391, 393 (Ind. Tax Ct. 2007). Consequently, the Court must DISMISS

this appeal and REMAND the matter to the Indiana Board for action consistent with this

opinion. Finally, once the maximum time for the Indiana Board to give notice of its final

determination lapses (i.e., 366 days after CHH filed its Form 131 petition), CHH may once

again seek direct review in the Tax Court.

      SO ORDERED this 25th day of January 2019.




                                                  Martha Blood Wentworth, Judge
                                                  Indiana Tax Court




Distribution:
David A. Suess, Daniel R. Roy, Benjamin A. Blair, Kelly S. Thompson, Zachary D. Price,
Jessica R. Gastineau, Indiana Board of Tax Review




                                             10
