                                  NO. 07-11-0288-CV

                             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                      FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

                                     AT AMARILLO

                                        PANEL B

                                FEBRUARY 11, 2013
                          _____________________________

               ELLEN CLYDE SMITH MAY, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS CO-
                     TRUSTEE OF THE MAY FAMILY TRUST,

                                                                 Appellants
                                            v.

            THE CHARLES MAYNARD BAKER AND WANDA JEAN BAKER
                          FAMILY TRUST, ET AL.,

                                                                  Appellees
                          _____________________________

              FROM THE 106TH DISTRICT COURT OF LYNN COUNTY;

    NO. 09-01-06628-A; HONORABLE CARTER T. SCHILDKNECHT, PRESIDING
                       _____________________________

                               Memorandum Opinion
                          _____________________________

Before QUINN, C.J., and CAMPBELL and HANCOCK, JJ.

      This is an appeal from a declaratory summary judgment with respect to the rights

of the parties under a partition deed. The 1981 deed partitioned the surface of a tract of

land in Lynn County, Texas, into six separate tracts.       Various of the parties now

disagree as to whether or not the rock, caliche, limestone, sand, gravel, and clay on the

land prior to partition were also partitioned. In addressing cross-motions for summary

judgment, the trial court concluded that they were not. We affirm its decision.
      The pertinent standard of review is well settled. We need not reiterate it.

      Next, there is only one partition deed involved. It served to divide the interests of

each claimant to the land. And, though it expressly referred to the partition of the

“surface estate only,” the document also contained a provision stating:

      Excepted from the surface estate as partitioned hereinabove is the rock,
      caliche, limestone, sand, gravel, and clay which shall be treated as
      minerals under the land and in addition thereto the parties hereto agree
      that the natural springs and the sources thereof shall not be used in the
      extraction, production, or mining of the above excepted surface minerals
      and the parties hereto further agree that the water from the lake known as
      Tahoka Lake as well as the underground water from all the tracts herein
      may be used in the extraction, production, or mining of the above
      excepted surface minerals.

Nothing in the deed expressly limited, quantified, or otherwise specified the acreage on

which the aforesaid caliche, limestone, sand, gravel, etc. was located. Nonetheless,

one of the claimants believed that the “exception” related to only a 101-acre tract from

which caliche was being taken when the lands were divided.             She supports her

contention by referring to an appraisal of the land used to effectuate the partition, and

which purported to exclude the 101-acre tract.

      A deed serves to manifest, in writing, the signatories’ intent. And, unless it is

susceptible to at least two differing yet reasonable interpretations, Heritage Resources

v. NationsBank, 939 S.W.2d 118, 121 (Tex. 1996) (discussing the test used in

determining if a writing is ambiguous), we look only to the words contained therein to

discern that intent. Luckel v. White, 819 S.W.2d 459, 461 (Tex. 1991); Moore v. Noble

Energy, Inc., 374 S.W.3d 644, 646 (Tex. App.–Amarillo 2012, no pet.). Moreover, a

mere disagreement about the interpretation of an instrument does not make it

ambiguous. Moore v. Noble Energy, Inc., 374 S.W.3d at 646.



                                            2
       Here, the partition deed is relatively simple and brief. It describes the land that

was held in common, identifies those owning that land as tenants in common,

expresses that those co-tenants wish to partition only the surface of the land into six

different tracts, so partitions the surface, and then specifically excepts from the surface

estate being partitioned “rock, caliche, limestone, sand, gravel, and clay” which

substances each party expressly agreed were to be “treated as minerals under the

land.” And, while allusion is made to “a survey, appraisal, and subdivision of the above

property” (i.e., the entire parcel before partition) no particular survey, appraisal or

subdivision was specified or incorporated into the deed. Had the parties intended for a

particular survey, appraisal, or subdivision to control or otherwise affect the terms of the

conveying instrument, they could have easily said that or included the item as an

attachment. See GXG, Inc. v. Texacal Oil & Gas, 977 S.W.2d 403, 427 (Tex. App.–

Corpus Christi 1998, pet. denied) (noting that if the parties had intended to encumber all

of the properties, they could have easily memorialized such an agreement). But, they

did not.     And, as a general rule, we do not insert that which the signatories to a

document omit, unless their expressed intent demands otherwise. See Tenneco, Inc. v.

Enterprise Products Co., 925 S.W.2d 640, 646 (Tex. 1996). We find no such intent

here. Simply put, and as a matter of law, we conclude that the exception applies to all

of the “rock, caliche, limestone, sand, gravel, and clay” located on the land prior to

partition, not merely to that located on a 101-acre tract being mined at the time of

partition.

       And to the extent that the complainant argues that caliche normally is included in

the surface estate, we again allude to that old maxim about the meaning of a document



                                             3
being dependent upon the intent of the particular parties involved. Parties are free to

deviate from commonly assigned definitions. It is their writing. They can say what they

want to in it. And, unless some statute or common law prohibits them from doing so,

they are free to treat rocks and caliche appearing on the surface of land as minerals

appearing beneath it, so long as their intent to do so is clear. Not only is that intent

clear at bar, but the complainant cites us to neither common law nor statute precluding

them from doing so. See e.g. Wilderness Cove, Ltd. v. Cold Spring Granite Co., 62

S.W.3d 844, 849 (Tex. App.–Austin 2001, no pet.) (holding that an express conveyance

of a granite deposit created a severable mineral estate).

       The partition deed is unambiguous and clearly expresses the intention of the

parties to maintain their co-tenant relationship with respect to the caliche and other

“minerals” described in the document. Accordingly, the trial court was right, and we

affirm its judgment.



                                                Brian Quinn
                                                Chief Justice




                                            4
