                   IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                  No. 19-1223
                              Filed July 22, 2020


GREGORY R. SWECKER and BEVERLY F. SWECKER,
    Plaintiffs-Appellants,

vs.

LAMSON, DUGAN & MURRAY, LLP and SEAN MINAHAN,
     Defendants-Appellees.
________________________________________________________________


      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Greene County, Gina C. Badding,

Judge.



      Clients appeal the grant of summary judgment for their former lawyer and

his firm in a professional malpractice suit. AFFIRMED.



      Gregory R. Swecker and Beverly F. Swecker, Dana, self-represented

appellants.

      Frederick T. Harris and Jeffrey R. Kappelman of Finley Law Firm, PC, Des

Moines, for appellees.



      Considered by Tabor, P.J., May, J., and Gamble, S.J.*

      *Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206

(2020).
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TABOR, Presiding Judge.

       Self-represented litigants Gregory and Beverly Swecker failed to line up an

expert witness for their legal malpractice action. On that basis, the district court

granted summary judgment to the lawyer and law firm they were suing. Because

the district court’s ruling is thorough and we approve of its reasoning, we affirm by

memorandum opinion.

       The Sweckers hired attorney Sean Minahan, and his firm—Lamson, Dugan

& Murray, LLP1—to represent Beverly in a discrimination claim against the United

States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and to represent both of them against

Midland Power Cooperative in a utility dispute. Achieving no success in either

case, the Sweckers sued Minahan and his law firm.           The Sweckers alleged

Minahan was negligent in the timing of his withdrawal from their representation.

As other examples of malpractice, they argued Minahan did not urge necessary

claims and defenses, did not inform them of developments in the case, did not

timely designate an expert witness, and did not object to redaction of pertinent

information in discovery.

       The trial scheduling order in the malpractice case required the parties to

make initial disclosures of information under Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 1.500 by

August 2018. In their initial disclosure, the Sweckers asserted they would disclose

an expert witness in compliance with Iowa Code section 668.11 (2017), which

governs professional liability cases. But they never followed through.




1 As shorthand, we will use the lawyer’s last name, Minahan, when discussing the
two defendants collectively.
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       In May 2019, Minahan moved for summary judgment. He argued that,

without an expert, the Sweckers could not show he breached the standard of care

in his legal representation. See Stender v. Blessum, 897 N.W.2d 491, 505 n.8

(Iowa 2017) (requiring plaintiff alleging legal malpractice to retain an expert unless

the attorney’s errors would be “overt and obvious to a layperson”). In response,

the Sweckers filed their own motion for summary judgment asserting the facts

“conclusively showed that Minahan acted well below the acceptable standard of

care required of legal practitioners in Iowa, which caused them substantial financial

and emotional damages.” The district court heard the competing motions for

summary judgment in June 2019.

       At the hearing, Minahan’s counsel traced the origins of the underlying

cases, including the Sweckers’ “long-running dispute with Midland Coop” that

ended up in federal court. Counsel explained, “[W]e lost on summary judgment at

District Court. We lost to the split panel at the 8th Circuit and cert was denied at

the Supreme Court.” According to counsel, Minahan then advised the Sweckers

that they could not bring the same claims against the utility company in state court

based on res judicata principles. On the discrimination case, Minahan drafted a

seven-page letter analyzing the USDA’s actions and concluded the Sweckers had

no good-faith basis to seek judicial review. The attorney’s advice on both counts

chafed the Sweckers. From there, Minahan’s “rocky” relationship with the clients

led to his eventual withdrawal.

       Against that backdrop, Minahan’s counsel insisted the Sweckers’

malpractice suit could not go forward without an expert witness. He argued their

allegations “involve complicated legal analysis, practice, [and] judgment”—not “the
                                          4


kind of things lay people could understand without an expert explaining what the

standard of care is and what the specific breach by [Minahan and his firm] were.”

The Sweckers countered that “any lay person would recognize [Minahan’s

performance] as a breach of contract and attorney malpractice.” They had never

previously raised a breach-of-contract claim.

       The district court held that “summary judgment in favor of Minahan is

appropriate because the nature of this legal malpractice lawsuit requires expert

testimony to establish his negligence. Since the Sweckers failed to obtain an

expert witness, no genuine issue of material fact is present on their claim against

Minahan.” The district court rejected the breach-of-contract claim because the

Sweckers did not include it in their petition. And the court denied relief on the

Sweckers’ claim of discovery violations. The Sweckers now appeal.

       When reviewing a summary-judgment ruling, we approach the record in the

light most favorable to the nonmoving party, here the Sweckers. See Slaughter v.

Des Moines Univ. Coll. of Osteopathic Med., 925 N.W.2d 793, 800 (Iowa 2019).

“Summary judgment is proper when the movant establishes there is no genuine

issue of material fact and it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Id.

       On appeal, the Sweckers contend the district court erred in several ways:

(1) finding they needed an expert witness for their legal malpractice claim;

(2) granting Minahan’s motion for summary judgment; and (3) denying their motion

for summary judgment on their legal malpractice and breach-of-contract claims.

       A claim of legal malpractice requires proof of these elements: (1) the

existence of an attorney-client relationship prompting a duty; (2) a breach of that

duty; (3) proof that the breach caused injury to the client; and (4) proof of the
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client’s damages. See Stender, 897 N.W.2d at 502. In all but the exceptional

case, the client must offer expert testimony upon the standard of care. Crookham

v. Riley, 584 N.W.2d 258, 266 (Iowa 1998).

       Like the district court, we don’t find this to be the exceptional case. The

Sweckers’ complaints about Minahan’s representation arise from a complex utility

dispute and the decision whether to seek judicial review of an administrative

agency’s decision on a civil rights issue. The district court was correct to rule that

they needed an expert opinion to address Minahan’s professional choices in those

cases. Without an expert, we see no genuine issues of material fact that allow

them to proceed with the legal malpractice action. We also agree with the district

court’s analysis on the breach-of-contract and discovery-violation claims.

       After reviewing the record and arguments of the parties, we conclude the

district court properly granted summary judgment for Minahan. We adopt the

district court’s rationale on the issues presented. A full opinion would not augment

or clarify existing case law. We thus affirm without further opinion under Iowa

Court Rule 21.26(1)(d) and (e).

       AFFIRMED.
