
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT OF TEXAS,

AT AUSTIN

 


NO. 3-92-265-CR


KENT ANTHONY KRUEGER,

	APPELLANT

vs.



THE STATE OF TEXAS,

	APPELLEE

 

FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF COMAL COUNTY, 22ND JUDICIAL DISTRICT

NO. CR92-008, HONORABLE TED BUTLER, JUDGE PRESIDING
 



PER CURIAM
	A jury found appellant guilty of burglary of a building.  Tex. Penal Code Ann. §
30.02 (West 1989).  The jury assessed punishment, enhanced by a previous felony conviction, at
imprisonment for seven years and a $5000 fine.
	On September 26, 1991, someone entered Lewis Sweet's barn and garage in rural
Comal County and stole exercise saddles, saddle blankets, and a bicycle.  At 4:15 p.m. on that
day, Lee Michelson, Sweet's twelve-year-old grandson, was walking up the gravel road to Sweet's
house from the school bus stop.  A pickup truck driving away from the Sweet place passed
Michelson.  As it did so, the boy saw his bicycle and his grandfather's saddles in the bed of the
truck.  Michelson identified appellant as the driver of the truck.  He testified that the other man
in the truck was Andy Ortez, who previously worked for Sweet.  Two of the stolen saddles and
a blanket were recovered later that day when Ortez sold them.
	Through his own testimony and that of other defense witnesses, appellant claimed
to be in San Antonio at the time of the burglary and asserted that he had been misidentified by
Michelson.  The jury obviously did not believe this testimony.
	In his first point of error, appellant contends that the evidence is legally insufficient
to sustain the conviction.  Appellant does not deny that a burglary took place, but he asserts that
the State failed to prove that he was the burglar.  In determining the legal sufficiency of the
evidence to support a criminal conviction, the question is whether, after viewing all the evidence
in the light most favorable to the verdict, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential
elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt.  Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (1979);
Griffin v. State, 614 S.W.2d 155 (Tex. Crim. App. 1981).  
	The sufficiency of the evidence must be measured against the jury charge.  Garrett
v. State, 749 S.W.2d 784, 802-03 (Tex. Crim. App. 1988) (opinion on motion for rehearing);
Boozer v. State, 717 S.W.2d 608 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984).  The court's charge in this cause
included an instruction on the general law of parties.  Tex. Penal Code Ann. §§ 7.01, 7.02 (West
1989).  The court did not, however, apply the law of parties to the facts.  Therefore, appellant's
conviction cannot be sustained on the theory that he was criminally responsible for the acts of
Andy Ortez.  Jones v. State, 815 S.W.2d 667 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991).  Instead, we must
determine if there is legally sufficient evidence to support a finding beyond a reasonable doubt that
appellant personally entered Sweet's barn and garage with intent to commit theft. 
	The evidence in this cause is analogous to that in Walker v. State, 823 S.W.2d 247
(Tex. Crim. App. 1991).  In that case, unseen persons broke into a department store.  Television
sets taken from the store were found outside the building, together with two sets of footprints. 
The defendant's fingerprints were found on one of the televisions.  The court agreed with the State
that this evidence supported the inference that the defendant entered the building, but held that the
evidence did not exclude the reasonable hypothesis that appellant waited outside the building and
carried the television handed to him by the person who entered the store.  823 S.W.2d at 249. 
Thus, the evidence was not sufficient to sustain the defendant's conviction as a principal in the
burglary.
 Walker is not controlling in this cause because that prosecution predated the opinion
in Geesa v. State, 820 S.W.2d 154 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991).  In Geesa, the Court of Criminal
Appeals rejected the use of the "outstanding reasonable hypothesis" construct as a method of
appellate review for evidentiary sufficiency.  820 S.W.2d at 161.  The court went on to hold that
a prescribed definition of "reasonable doubt" must be given in every case tried thereafter.  820
S.W.2d at 162.  The cause before us was tried after Geesa and the prescribed definition was
included in the district court's charge.  Thus, we measure the legal sufficiency of the evidence in
this cause solely by reference to the Jackson standard.
	From the evidence in this cause, viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict,
a rational trier of fact could find the essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. 
Specifically, the jury could rationally infer that appellant entered Sweet's barn and garage and
stole the saddles, blankets, and bicycle.  The first point of error is overruled.
	In point of error two, appellant contends that the district court erred by
"dismissing" the jurors without his approval.  Appellant cites Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art.
36.31 (West 1981), which governs discharge of the jury when it cannot reach a verdict.  The
record reflects that the jury was not discharged, and that appellant's complaint is directed to the
separation of the jurors after the charge was read.  The applicable statute is Tex. Code Crim.
Proc. Ann. art. 35.23 (West Supp. 1992).  As amended, art. 35.23 no longer forbids separation
of the jurors after the reading of the charge.  Instead, the jurors may separate after the charge is
read unless a motion is made that the jury be sequestered.  Hood v. State, 828 S.W.2d 87, 92
(Tex. App.--Austin 1992, no pet.).  No such motion was made in this cause, and appellant voiced
no timely objection to the separation of the jurors.  The point of error is overruled.
	Finally, appellant complains that the court reporter misread the testimony of a
witness in response to a note from the jury.  Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 36.28 (West 1981). 
While deliberating, the jury sent the court a note asking for the testimony of Lee Michelson
concerning:  "1) What did he see first, the bike, saddles, or the occupants in the vehicle[?]  2) In
his testimony, was there any mention of the driver wearing a T-shirt?  If so, what color or specific
details?"  Without objection, the jury was returned to the courtroom and the reporter read that
portion of Michelson's testimony describing the pickup truck he saw leaving his grandfather's
residence on the afternoon of the burglary.  As reported in the statement of facts, Michelson stated
in answer to a question that "[t]here were two men in [the pickup]."  When this answer was read
to the jury, however, the reporter read, "There was three men in it."
	Appellant asserts that "the incorrect reporting of the number of people in the pickup
truck possibly resulted in the wrong verdict," but does not explain how this might be so.  The
jury's note does not indicate any concern with the number of men in the pickup.  The crucial issue
in this cause was not whether there were two burglars or three, but whether appellant was one of
them.  We conclude that the reporter's misstatement while reading back the testimony was
harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.  Tex. R. App. P. 81(b).  The third point of error is
overruled.
	The judgment of conviction is affirmed.

[Before Justices Powers, Aboussie and B. A. Smith]
Affirmed
Filed:  December 9, 1992
[Publish]
