          IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA


Robert Gary,                                :
                                            :
                    Petitioner              :
                                            :
             v.                             : No. 581 C.D. 2018
                                            : Submitted: August 24, 2018
Workers’ Compensation Appeal                :
Board (J.D. Eckman, Inc.),                  :
                                            :
                    Respondent              :



BEFORE:      HONORABLE P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge
             HONORABLE PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
             HONORABLE JAMES GARDNER COLINS, Senior Judge


OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION BY
SENIOR JUDGE COLINS                                       FILED: December 4, 2018


             Robert Gary (Claimant) petitions, pro se, for review of a March 16,
2018 order of the Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Board) affirming the
decision and order of a Workers’ Compensation Judge (WCJ) in this thrice-
remanded matter. In her February 27, 2017 decision, the WCJ denied and dismissed
Claimant’s (i) petition to review compensation benefits seeking to modify the
description of his work injury, (ii) his petition to reinstate compensation, and (iii) his
petition for penalties alleging that his employer, J.D. Eckman, Inc. (Employer),
failed to pay medical bills related to his work injury. For the reasons that follow, we
affirm.
             This matter dates back to May 20, 2004, when Claimant sustained
work-related “bilateral shoulder rotator cuff tendonitis” and as a result, received
workers’ compensation benefits pursuant to a notice of temporary compensation
payable (NTCP), subsequently converted to a notice of compensation payable
(NCP). (February 27, 2017 WCJ Decision, Finding of Fact (F.F.) ¶ 1.) Following a
series of supplemental agreements, on June 5, 2007, the WCJ circulated a decision
in which she approved a Compromise and Release Agreement (C&R Agreement)
between the parties. (Id. F.F. ¶ 3; June 5, 2007 WCJ Decision (6/5/2007 Decision);
C&R Agreement.) The WCJ indicated that a petition to modify compensation
benefits filed by Claimant on April 19, 2007 had been amended to a petition to
approve a C&R Agreement, that Claimant had testified credibly in support of the
C&R Agreement and that he understood its full legal significance. (6/5/2007
Decision, F.F. ¶¶ 2-3.) The C&R Agreement described the injury as “bilateral
rotator cuff tendonitis; status post right rotator cuff repair” and further stated:

             Upon circulation of an Order approving the instant
             Agreement, Claimant is to be paid the gross settlement in
             a lump sum payment of $140,000. This amount represents
             the full and final restitution and payment of, and for, all
             past, present and/or future indemnity or medical claims
             against the instant Employer/Workers’ Compensation
             insurer. Employer/insurer shall continue payment of
             indemnity benefits until June 4, 2007, contingent upon
             approval of this Agreement and payment of the aforesaid
             lump sum. Thereafter, no party shall seek further
             indemnity payments from Employer or Insurer for wage
             loss which is alleged to be causally related to the injury or
             conditions described in paragraph 4.

(C&R Agreement ¶ 7.) The parties acknowledged that the C&R Agreement resolved
“any and all claims related to, or arising from, any and all injuries (whether presently

                                            2
known and diagnosed and/or unknown or undiagnosed) related to, or sustained in or
as a result of, the subject work-related incident” of May 20, 2004.1 (Id. ¶ 18.)
                 On March 25, 2013, Claimant filed a review/reinstatement petition
alleging a worsening of his condition and decreased earning power related to the
May 20, 2004 work injury, and further asserted that he was not compensated for his
left shoulder injury pursuant to the terms of the C&R Agreement. On April 3, 2013,
he filed a penalty petition, alleging that as of April 1, 2013, Employer violated the
Workers’ Compensation Act (Act)2 and its rules and regulations. Claimant also
filed a motion for recusal, which was heard and denied at an April 15, 2013 hearing.3
On June 11, 2013, the WCJ issued its order denying Claimant’s petitions, on the
grounds that they were barred by the C&R Agreement. The WCJ made the following
salient findings of fact:

                 9. Claimant alleges that the [C&R Agreement] should be
                 set aside because he was unrepresented and because
                 bilateral shoulder biceps tendonitis and/or [tendinopathy]
                 was not included in the description of injury. However,
                 the [C&R Agreement] clearly indicates that the
                 Agreement resolves any and all claims for any and all
                 injuries whether presently known and diagnosed and/or
                 unknown or undiagnosed.          Therefore, [C]laimant’s
                 argument must fail.

1
  The C&R Agreement stated that the work injury occurred on May 24, 2004. However, the
Decision Rendered Cover Letter of the June 5, 2007 decision correctly reflects the May 20, 2004
injury date.
2
    Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as amended, 77 P.S. 77 P.S. §§ 1–1041.1, 2501–2708.
3
  The hearing transcript indicates that Claimant requested the recusal of the WCJ because “every
time I come before you, I have not had anything ruled next to me against the insurance carrier or
[Employer’s attorney].” (April 15, 2013 Hearing Transcript (H.T.) at 9.) Claimant further asserted
that the WCJ had received an ex parte communication from Employer’s attorney; however,
Claimant admitted that in fact Employer’s attorney had sent the WCJ a letter and copied Claimant
on the letter. The request for recusal was denied. (Id. at 11.)
                                                3
            10. Claimant submitted into evidence an October 2, 2012
            report from Dr. G. Russell Huffman, in which he advises
            that he had not seen [C]laimant for a period of four years,
            and that [C]laimant had complaints of pain in both
            shoulders. The doctor wished to review MRIs. Exhibit C-
            1.

            11. Claimant submitted into evidence an April 12, 2013
            note from Dr. Huffman advising that [C]laimant is
            scheduled for left shoulder surgery. Exhibit C-1.

            12. Claimant also submitted into evidence a September
            12, 2006 report from Dr. Huffman in which he indicates
            that [C]laimant had reached maximum medical
            improvement[,] that both [C]laimant’s right and left
            shoulder conditions were related to his work injury, and
            that [C]laimant would likely have further symptoms down
            the road with regard to his shoulders. The doctor stated
            that [C]laimant would likely be precluded from heavy
            labor or overhead work in the future. Exhibit C-3.

            13. The documents submitted demonstrate that, at the time
            he entered into the Agreement, [C]laimant was aware that
            his work injury was bilateral in nature and that he would
            likely have further symptoms. Based upon his testimony
            at the Compromise & Release hearing, [C]laimant was
            aware he would bear the cost of future medical treatment.
            Presumably, this is why he bargained for more money than
            was recommended by the mediating judge.

            14. Having failed to take an appeal from the June 5, 2007
            decision approving the Compromise & Release
            Agreement, [C]laimant may not now challenge the
            validity of the Agreement or the Order approving the
            Agreement.

(June 11, 2013 WCJ Decision and Order, F.F. ¶¶ 9-14.) Claimant appealed, and on
January 27, 2014, the Board affirmed in part, finding that the WCJ had not erred in
denying Claimant’s request for recusal, but remanded to the WCJ to “review the

                                        4
existing record and make findings and conclusions regarding the parties’ knowledge
of a biceps tendinopathy diagnosis and whether there was any fraud or concealment
on [Employer’s] part in relation to the [C&R Agreement]….” (January 27, 2014
Board Opinion and Order at 7.) The Board explained that Claimant had stated on
the record that Employer had engaged in fraud and misrepresentation regarding his
injury description in the C&R Agreement, and his medical documents reflected the
fact that he has a biceps tendinopathy diagnosis, raising the factual question of
whether Claimant or Employer knew of that diagnosis at the time they entered into
the C&R Agreement.        (Id. at 5.)     Thus, the Board determined, a factual
determination was essential to evaluate whether there has been any fraud or
concealment on Employer’s behalf that would constitute grounds for setting aside
the C&R Agreement. (Id.)       Claimant appealed to this Court, which quashed the
appeal on the basis that the Board order was a non-final interlocutory order. (April
22, 2014 Order.)
              A hearing was held on July 24, 2014, and the WCJ issued a November
6, 2014 Decision and Order, again denying Claimant’s petitions; the WCJ concluded
that both parties were given the opportunity to argue the issue and there was no
evidence that Employer engaged in any fraud or concealment to warrant setting aside
the C&R Agreement. (November 6, 2014 WCJ Decision and Order.) Claimant
appealed, and the Board remanded a second time, with instructions for the WCJ to
issue findings as to whether the parties’ briefs were timely filed and if appropriate,
for the WCJ to receive the briefs; the Board further directed the WCJ to make
appropriate determinations based on the entire record addressing Claimant’s
petitions. (December 7, 2016 Board Opinion and Order.) The Board noted that
Claimant had, meanwhile, filed additional petitions in February and July of 2015,
including “a petition for additional compensation from subsequent injury and two
                                        5
petitions seeking multiple relief in the nature of modification, penalty, reinstatement,
review, review offset, set aside, and a claim alleging disfigurement in the nature of
scars and biceps deformity, an incorrect injury description, unpaid medical bills,
worsening of his condition, an injury causing decreased earning power, a violation
of the Act, and subrogation for Social Security.” (Id. at 3.)         These additional
petitions were dismissed by the WCJ on multiple grounds, including that they were
frivolous and were barred by the 2007 decision approving the C&R Agreement. The
Board affirmed the dismissal, noting that it did not do so in reliance on the merits of
the approval of the C&R Agreement, as that matter remained in litigation; Claimant
appealed to this Court, and in a May 17, 2017 opinion, this Court affirmed the Board,
concluding that Claimant’s sole avenue to litigate the validity of the C&R
Agreement was to proceed with his appeal from the WCJ’s 2014 decision. (Board’s
May 25, 2016 Order; Gary v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (JD Eckman
Inc.) (Pa. Cmwlth., No. 1153 C.D. 2016, filed May 17, 2017).
             The WCJ held a remand hearing on April 12, 2016, at which time she
acknowledged the timely filing of briefs from the parties. On April 25, 2016, the
WCJ issued a Decision and Order, again denying Claimant’s reinstatement, review,
and penalty petitions.      (April 25, 2016 Decision and Order.)            The WCJ
acknowledged having read the parties’ briefs, and found that Claimant’s brief
contained his admission that an MRI was performed in 2011 and that he was treated
by Dr. Huffman, and that he was aware of biceps tendinopathy on June 26, 2013;
however, the WCJ found that Claimant’s brief did not cite to any diagnosis of biceps
tendinopathy available to either of the parties before the June 2007 C&R Agreement.
(Id., F.F. ¶ 3.) The WCJ further found that Claimant had failed to meet his burden
of proving Employer engaged in fraud or concealment sufficient to set aside the


                                           6
C&R Agreement and his petitions were barred by C&R Agreement.                                   (Id.,
Conclusions of Law ¶¶ 2-3.)
                 Claimant appealed, and the Board remanded for a third time,
explaining that “although briefs are technically part of the record in workers’
compensation cases, they are not evidence,” and “statements made by a party in a
brief do not constitute admissions, but are instead only nonbinding arguments.”4
(December 7, 2016 Board Decision and Order at 4.) The Board therefore concluded
that because the WCJ explicitly found that Claimant made admissions related to the
main issue in the case, which findings are not supported by substantial competent
evidence of record, a remand was appropriate, and it directed the WCJ to “properly
consider the parties’ briefs as argument, and to properly consider the evidentiary
record” in making her findings of fact. (Id. at 5.)
               On February 27, 2017, the WCJ issued the instant decision, once again
denying Claimant’s petitions. (February 27, 2017 WCJ Decision and Order.) The
WCJ indicated that the parties’ briefs had been read and nothing in the arguments
had changed her findings nor had the arguments been considered as evidence. The
WCJ made new, comprehensive findings of fact, many of which mirrored the
findings previously made, and included the following in regard to the medical
evidence submitted:




4
 Items that are not part of the evidentiary record may not serve as the basis for findings of fact, or
be considered by the appellate body on review. Kimberly Clark Corporation v. Workers’
Compensation Appeal Board (Bullard), 790 A.2d 1072, 1075-76 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2001). A remand
may be appropriate where the WCJ’s findings are not supported by substantial, competent
evidence of record. Steinhouse v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (A.P. Green Services),
783 A.2d 352, 356 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2001).


                                                  7
              12. The only medical record submitted into evidence
              which pre-dates the Compromise & Release hearing of
              June 4, 2007 is Exhibit C-3, Dr. Huffman’s September 12,
              2006 report. In his report, Dr. Huffman discusses only
              “impingement and rotator cuff tears.” He discussed
              problems with both shoulders. Nowhere in his report, does
              Dr. Huffman describe biceps tendinopathy as a separate
              and distinct diagnosis.

              13. In his report of October 2, 2012, Dr. Huffman
              describes pain in the region of the biceps. However, even
              this report does not list biceps tendinopathy as a separate
              and distinct diagnosis. Exhibit C-1.

              14. The “SCHOOL/WORK NOTE” dated April 12, 2013
              is the only piece of medical evidence giving a separate and
              distinct diagnosis of biceps tendinopathy. This note
              postdated the Compromise & Release hearing by almost
              six years.

              15. The medical evidence in the record that existed on
              June 11, 2013 does not prove that either Claimant or
              [Employer] knew of the separate and distinct diagnosis of
              biceps tendinopathy at the time of the Compromise &
              Release hearing. Because there is no evidence [Employer]
              knew of this separate and distinct diagnosis at the time
              they drafted the Agreement, there is no evidence
              [Employer] engaged in fraud or concealment, which
              would warrant setting aside the Compromise & Release
              Agreement.
(February 27, 2017 WCJ Decision and Order, F.F. ¶¶ 12-15.) Claimant appealed,
and on March 16, 2018, the Board affirmed the decision of the WCJ. Claimant
appeals to this Court.5


5
  This Court’s review of an appeal from a determination by the Board is limited to determining
whether an error of law was committed, whether the WCJ’s necessary findings of fact are
supported by substantial evidence and whether Board procedures or constitutional rights were
violated. Gahring v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (R and R Builders), 128 A.3d 375,
379 n.6 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2015).


                                              8
               Before this Court,6 Claimant argues that the decisions of the Board and
the WCJ were arbitrary, capricious, absurd, and made in contravention of the
principles set forth in the Act. We find there is no merit to his argument. In workers’
compensation appeals, we employ the terms “arbitrary” and “capricious” in
reviewing the credibility determinations of a workers’ compensation judge and the
weight accorded to the evidence; we uphold these determinations unless they are
made arbitrarily or capriciously, or are “so fundamentally dependent on a
misapprehension of material facts, or so otherwise flawed, as to render the basis
irrational.” Casne v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (STAT Couriers, Inc.),
952 A.2d 14, 19 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2008). Sub judice, we consider the reasoned decision
of the WCJ, informed by five separate hearings, beginning with a hearing where the
WCJ provided a thorough explanation of the exact terms and legal significance of
the C&R Agreement and elicited a clear and convincing affirmation from Claimant
that he fully understood its terms. As noted, the Board remanded to the WCJ upon
Claimant’s appeal of its decision to deny Claimant’s petitions, for a review of the
existing record and an examination of the parties’ knowledge of his medical
condition at the time the C&R Agreement was made. The Board subsequently
remanded to the WCJ to clarify that Claimant’s brief was received and properly
considered in the decision. Throughout this process, Claimant’s rights to a full and
fair adjudication were safeguarded.7

6
  After this Court received and docketed Claimant’s appellate brief but inadvertently issued a
dormant order for failure to file a brief and then vacated the dormant order, Claimant filed a
“Petition for Correction or Modification of the Record,” requesting that this Court accept for filing
a new brief, identical in argument to the earlier brief. Claimant’s petition was granted.
7
  In his brief, Claimant contends that the record remains open and is incomplete. This argument
is without merit. During the April 15, 2013 hearing, the WCJ permitted Claimant to submit
medical evidence notwithstanding Employer’s counsel’s objections based upon expiration of the

                                                 9
                 Claimant argues, with no supporting evidence whatsoever, that
Employer’s counsel acted in concert with the WCJ to deny him his right to a full and
fair hearing. Claimant argues that the C&R Agreement should be set aside, as he
entered into it without counsel, under duress and fraud by the WCJ, who he asserts
lacked jurisdiction to approve the Agreement. Pursuant to Section 449(b) of the
Act,8 when parties agree to the compromise and release of a claim, the agreement
must be submitted to a WCJ, who shall approve the agreement following a
determination that the agreement contains all of the necessary information provided

statute of limitations. There was discussion among the parties as to any evidence still required for
submission in order to complete the record, including a transcript from the hearing regarding the
C&R Agreement. (April 15, 2013 H.T. at 28-29.) Employer’s attorney agreed to mail the
transcript to the WCJ so that the WCJ could close the record. (Id. at 27.) Claimant indicated that
he had no other evidence to submit. (Id. at 24-25.) Despite a stipulation that the NTCP had
converted to a NCP, the WCJ further offered Claimant the opportunity to mail in a copy of that
notice if he wished to do so. (Id.) At the remand hearing on July 24, 2014, the WCJ made clear
that she was charged on remand to review the existing record and make findings as to whether
Employer and Claimant were aware of “biceps tendinopathy diagnosis” at the time of the C&R
Agreement. (July 24, 2014 H.T at 5.) Claimant asserted at that time that he had previously
submitted “documentation which diagnosed – that stated that I had this biceps problem in 2004,
and [Employer] knew it.” (Id. at 7.) The record discloses no such evidence. At the April 12, 2016
hearing, Claimant asserted that the evidentiary record had never been closed and could not
therefore be properly certified; he argued that the WCJ should have, but did not accept evidence
Claimant submitted from “[his] doctors; Dr. John Williams and James Donday and Dr. Hoffman.”
(April 12, 2016 H.T. at 8.) At the February 21, 2017 hearing, Claimant again raised his argument
that the evidentiary record lacked, and the WCJ had failed to consider, medical evidence that he
had attempted to submit. He stated, “On 7/24 of 2014 I gave you documentation, existing, showing
you that the claim – that [Employer] gave the evidence in that, knew that I had biceps…tendonitis
as of those forms that I gave you. But you failed to consider those forms.” (February 21, 2017
H.T. at 7.) Claimant further stated, “[t]hey knew that I was injured…yet, for some strange reason
it disappeared. I bring the evidence to you. I give you the documents. I give you MRIs from
2012, 2014, 2015, yet you still don’t want to consider it.” (Id. at 14.) Here, notwithstanding
Claimant’s vague assertions that the record is incomplete, there is simply no evidence to suggest
a diagnosis or even mention of biceps tendinopathy prior to the date when the C&R Agreement
was signed.

8
    Added by the Act of June 24, 1996, P.L. 350, 77 P.S. § 1000.5(b).
                                                 10
for in the Act and that the claimant understands the full legal significance of the
document. 77 P.S. § 1000.5(b). The Act requires that every C&R Agreement set
forth details of the claim, including “the nature of the injury,” and that the
“agreement must be explicit with regard to the payment, if any, of reasonable,
necessary and related medical expenses.” 77 P.S. § 1000.5(b), (c)(3). The record is
clear that all of these requirements were met.
             As this Court has previously explained, by enacting Section 449 of the
Act, the General Assembly intended to place compromise and release agreements
“‘on equal footing with civil settlements’ in order to promote a public policy of
encouraging the parties to settle disputes and bring them to finality.” DePue v.
Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (N. Paone Construction, Inc.), 61 A.3d 1062,
1066 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2013) (quoting Stroehmann Bakeries, Inc. v. Workers’
Compensation Appeal Board (Plouse), 768 A.2d 1193, 1196 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2001)).
Thus, once a C&R agreement is approved by a WCJ, it is final, conclusive and
binding on the parties, and an agreement may not be set aside absent a clear showing
of fraud, deception, duress, mutual mistake or unilateral mistake attributable to an
opposing party’s fault. Haslam v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (London
Grove Communication), 169 A.3d 704, 709 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2017); DePue, 61 A.3d at
1067. Any issue that is not expressly reserved in a C&R agreement may not be
raised in a later proceeding. DePue, 61 A.3d at 1067; Department of Labor and
Industry, Bureau of Workers’ Compensation v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal
Board (U.S. Food Service), 932 A.2d 309, 314-15 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2007).
              Claimant has offered no evidence of fraud, deception, duress, mutual
mistake or unilateral mistake attributable to an opposing party’s fault. There is no
evidence that Claimant’s assent to the C&R Agreement was not given voluntarily,
nor has he offered proof that he was pressured from any source to sign it. The
                                      11
transcript of the June 4, 2007 hearing on the C&R Agreement documents
Employer’s counsel’s meeting with Claimant prior to the hearing, during which
counsel discussed the document and answered questions from Claimant regarding
social security and child support language contained therein to Claimant’s
satisfaction. (Hearing Transcript (H.T.) at 8.) Claimant confirmed during the
hearing that he had sustained injuries to both his left and right shoulders. (H.T. at
9.) Counsel for Employer questioned Claimant as to whether he understood that “if
tomorrow you go to the doctor or next week or next month or next year, if you have
the [WCJ] approve this agreement, your medical bills are your responsibility,” and
he replied that he did. (H.T. at 10.) He acknowledged his right to be represented
by, and his decision to proceed without, an attorney as well as his decision to waive
his right to appeal the WCJ’s decision, should she approve the C&R Agreement, in
order to receive this money more quickly. (H.T. at 11.) The WCJ also questioned
Claimant during the hearing regarding his decision not to retain counsel; she recalled
the fact that Claimant had previously participated in a mandatory mediation with
another judge, and Claimant confirmed that he had in fact agreed to a settlement
amount in excess of what the mediation conference judge had recommended. (H.T.
at 14.) He also acknowledged his intent to withdraw his earlier appeal to the Board.
(H.T. at 15.) In its opinion, the Board accurately summarized the evidence presented
by Claimant in this proceeding:

             Claimant presented an October 2, 2012 letter from G.
             Russell Huffman, M.D., directed to another physician. He
             indicated that he saw Claimant on that date and had not
             seen him since April 2008. He stated that he had
             performed a left shoulder rotator cuff repair and a revision
             cuff repair and decompression on the contralateral side
             was done previously. Claimant reached maximum
             medical improvement. The doctor stated that Claimant
                                         12
            had complaints in both shoulders and noted the region of
            the biceps for the greatest source of pain…He indicated
            that he would get Claimant into physical therapy and
            wanted to review MRI studies. In an April 12, 2013 note,
            Dr. Huffman indicated that Claimant was under his care
            for left shoulder injury and was scheduled for surgery for
            “biceps tendinopathy.” Dr. Huffman stated, in a
            September 12, 2006 note, that Claimant returned for a
            follow up of his left shoulder and had reached maximum
            medical improvement. He indicated from the standpoint
            of his impingement and rotator cuff tears, he will likely
            have further symptoms down the road and that would
            probably preclude him from any heavy labor or overhead
            work or repetitive motion with his upper extremities.


(March 16, 2018 Board Opinion at 5-6 (citations omitted).) Other than Claimant’s
bare assertion that both Employer and Claimant’s physicians were aware of a
diagnosis of biceps tendinopathy, the record is devoid of evidence that such
condition was known at the time the C&R Agreement was executed.
            Accordingly, we affirm the WCJ’s denial of the review and
reinstatement petitions. Furthermore, because Claimant did not prove that Employer
violated the Act or its regulations, the WCJ also appropriately denied the Penalty
Petition. See Dixon v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (Medrad, Inc.), 134
A.3d 518, 525 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2016) (“a violation of the Act or its regulations must
appear in the record for a penalty to be appropriate”) (quoting Gumm v. Workers’
Compensation Appeal Board (Steel), 942 A.2d 222, 232 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2008)).
            The order of the Board is affirmed.



                                   __________ ___________________________
                                   JAMES GARDNER COLINS, Senior Judge


                                       13
       IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA


Robert Gary,                         :
                                     :
                 Petitioner          :
                                     :
           v.                        : No. 581 C.D. 2018
                                     :
Workers’ Compensation Appeal         :
Board (J.D. Eckman, Inc.),           :
                                     :
                 Respondent          :



                                 ORDER

           AND NOW, this 4th day of December, 2018, the order of the Workers’
Compensation Appeal Board in the above-captioned matter is AFFIRMED.




                                __________ ___________________________
                                JAMES GARDNER COLINS, Senior Judge
