                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                               AT JACKSON


DIANNE FISHER,                     )
                                   )
                                   )              FILED
            Plaintiff/Appellee,    ) Shelby Circuit No. 149948 R.D.
                                   )                 March 20, 2000
VS.                                ) Appeal No. W1998-00864-COA-R3-CV
                                   )                Cecil Crowson, Jr.
ISAAC MANUEL FISHER, JR.           )              Appellate Court Clerk
                                   )
            Defendant/Appellant.   )


           APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SHELBY COUNTY
                       AT MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE
                 THE HONORABLE KAY S. ROBILIO, JUDGE




ISAAC M. FISHER, JR., pro se
Memphis, Tennessee



SUSAN MACKENZIE
Memphis, Tennessee
Attorney for Appellee




AFFIRMED AND REMANDED




                                                    ALAN E. HIGHERS, J.



CONCUR:

W. FRANK CRAWFORD, P.J., W.S.

HOLLY KIRBY LILLARD, J.
        Husband (Isaac Manuel Fisher) appeals from the trial court’s division of marital

assets in this divorce case. The trial court awarded the majority of marital assets to Wife

(Sylvia Diane Fisher) and the majority of marital debts to Husband. Husband asserts that

the trial court erred in both courtroom procedure and interpretation of relevant law. In

addition, Husband alleges that Wife’s attorney behaved unethically. For the following

reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.



                                      Facts and Procedural History

        The parties were married in Mississippi on December 28, 1973. Wife filed for

divorce on August 25, 1995, alleging inappropriate marital conduct and irreconcilable

differences. 1 Husband answered denying Wife’s allegations. In addition, Husband filed

a counter-claim for divorce alleging irreconcilable differences and inappropriate marital

conduct by Wife. Subsequently, Wife filed a separate action against Husband alleging

assault and battery, and both negligent and intentional infliction of emotional abuse.2 On

November 6, 1996, a divorce decree was entered declaring parties divorced and reserving

all other matters for trial.3



        A hearing on the remaining divorce and custody issues was held on December 16

and 17, 1996. At this time, Wife was allowed to testify regarding Husband’s activities.

According to Wife, throughout the course of marriage and while the divorce was pending,

Husband exhibited abusive behavior toward Wife and the parties’ children.4 This behavior

included choking Wife as well as threatening to kill her with a pistol, threatening one child

with a butcher knife, throwing things, and making harassing phone calls to Wife and her

family. In addition, Husband tested HIV positive in June 1985. Husband did not inform


        1
         W ife’s complaint contained a request for award of the parties’ residence and custody of the parties’
children. In addition, Wife requested that her maiden name be restored. Wife also asserted a claim for
dam ages fo r alleged tor ts com mitted a gainst he r by Husb and.

        2
          On October 16, 1997, the divorce and tort cases were consolidated for purposes of trial at Division
V of Shelb y County C ircuit Cour t. Thereafter, Husband filed an answer and coun ter-c laim to Wife’s tort claims.

        3
            Divorce decree was a “d ual-fault” divo rce purs uant to T enn. Co de Ann . § 36-4-1 29.

        4
          There are three children of the marriage, but only one was still a minor (Jennifer, now age 11) at the
time of the divorc e.

                                                          2
Wife of his HIV status until July 1995. During the intervening ten year period, Husband

continued to have unprotected sex with Wife.



         Wife also testified and presented deposition testimony regarding Husband’s alleged

dissipation of marital assets.             Husband habitually visited several casinos and lost

substantial amounts of money during the course of the marriage. For example, Husband’s

visits to Isle of Capri Casino in Biloxi resulted in losses of over ten thousand dollars in

1993, more than eleven thousand dollars in 1994, and over six hundred dollars in 1995.

Husband’s gambling habit was funded by marital assets and cash advances from various

credit cards. Wife was unaware of both Husband’s debts and the existence of several of

the credit cards.



         Following Wife’s testimony, the hearing was continued for a later date in order to

allow the parties to retrieve and organize financial information regarding the marital assets

and debts. Even though the hearing was not concluded on December 17, Husband’s

attorney was allowed to withdraw in January of 1997. On January 23, 1997, the trial court

entered an order detailing its rulings from the partial-hearing in December. This order

denied Husband’s request for alimony and required Husband to pay child support for the

parties’ minor child.5 In addition, the order divided some of the parties’ marital and

separate personal property. The order held in abeyance the allocation of the parties’ real

property and remaining marital debts and assets.



         The final day of the hearing was May 4, 1998.6 At this time, the court dismissed

Wife’s tort claims and dealt only with division of property. At this proceeding, Husband

represented himself and Wife continued to be represented by counsel. During trial,

Husband admitted to liquefying marital assets while the divorce was ongoing. Specifically,



       5
         Sub seq uen tly, Husb and filed a Motion to Term inate Par ental Righ ts as to the minor child. According
to Husband, he wanted to “eliminate the embarrassment of saying I have another daughter.” This motion was
denied by the court below.

         6
          Neither party a ttem pts to expla in the more than year-lo ng de lay bet wee n the sec ond and t hird d ays
of the hearing. From our reading of the record, it seems that the extend ed delay w as due to the parties’ failure
to make financial information and records available to each other. Husband bases one of his points on appeal
on th is dela y.

                                                         3
Husband sold a sixty thousand dollar life insurance policy and arranged to receive the

money after the trial was over. Husband offered no other evidence regarding his financial

situation other than to say he had enough money to meet his needs. Husband failed to

offer any evidence refuting Wife’s claims regarding his gambling debts and credit card use.



        On May 18, 1998, the trial court entered an order addressing division of marital

assets.7 This order adopted the division proposed by Wife’s attorney, awarding the

majority of marital assets, including all real property to Wife. Wife was ordered to be

responsible for around forty-five thousand dollars of the marital debt, with Husband

responsible for around seventy thousand dollars of the marital debt. In addition, Husband

was charged with discretionary costs of thirty-two hundred dollars for various expenses

associated with the trial. Husband filed a timely notice of appeal.



        On appeal, Husband raises several issues regarding the actions of the trial court.

Husband asserts that the trial court erred in: (1) issuing an order stating that proceedings

would conclude on the next setting, (2) by allowing Wife’s attorney to use data that

“required discovery or confirmation” to prove Husband’s dissipation of assets, (3) not

“controlling” the court, (4) incorrectly interpreting the law as it relates to gaming losses, (5)

proceeding with the trial in the absence of Wife, (6) signing orders without approval of

Husband or Husband’s former attorney, and (7) in the manner of addressing Husband as

a pro se party. In sum, Husband alleges that the trial court judge committed gross errors

both in courtroom procedure and in interpretation of relevant law. In addition, Husband

accuses Wife’s attorney of unethical behavior.8



        Wife challenges Husband’s issues on appeal and raises several other issues. Wife

asserts that the trial court erred in dismissing her tort claims and denying Wife’s request

for attorney’s fees. Wife also assets that Husband’s appeal is frivolous and that she



        7
           An am ended ord er inc luding the leg al des criptio n of th e rea l prop erty at is sue was subs equ ently
entered.

        8
         W hile Husband’s brief contains num erous disparaging rem arks about the trial court judge and
opposing counsel, it contains few factual references to what specific conduct Husband finds objectionable.

                                                          4
should therefore be awarded the attorney’s fees and costs incurred on appeal.



                                                      Analysis

         Before examining each issue raised by the parties, we find it necessary to address

two preliminary matters. First, this Court has chosen not to address the validity and

dismissal of Wife’s tort claims. During the hearing on May 4, 1998, Husband made an oral

motion to dismiss Wife’s tort claim. While this motion was apparently granted from the

bench, there has been no order memorializing this action. There is no mention of the

motion or dismissal in the technical record. Therefore, pursuant to Rule 3 of the Tennessee

Rules of Appellate Procedure, there is not a final appealable order regarding Wife’s tort

claim.9 For this reason, we find that Wife’s appeal on this issue is not properly before the

court.



         As a secondary concern, we find it necessary to address Husband’s position as a

pro se litigant. Husband represented himself both during the continuation of the hearing

and on appeal. While litigants who proceed pro se are entitled to fair and equal treatment,

"they must follow the same procedural and substantive law as the represented party." Irvin

v. City of Clarksville, 767 S.W.2d 649, 652 (Tenn. Ct. App.1988). Indeed, a pro se litigant

requires even greater attention than one represented by counsel. The trial judge must

accommodate the pro se litigant's lack of legal knowledge without giving the pro se litigant

an unfair advantage because the litigant represents himself. Id. From our reading of the

record, the trial court made every available concession required to accommodate

Husband’s pro se status. With this in mind, we now turn to the remaining issues raised on

appeal.



         Pursuant to Rule 13 of the Tennessee Rules of Appellate procedure, the standard



         9
           Rule 3 o f the Te nness ee Ru les of Ap pellate Pro cedure provides in pertinent p art:
          (a) Availability of Appeal as of Right in Civil Actions. In civil actions every final judgment entered by
a trial co urt fro m w hich an ap pea l lies to t he S upre me Cou rt or C ourt o f App eals is app eala ble as of right.
Except as otherwise permitted in rule 9 and in Rule 54.02 Tenn ess ee R ules of Civ il Proc edu re, if m ultiple
parties or mu ltiple claims for relief are involved in an action, any order that adjudicates fewer than all the
claims or the rights and liabilities of fewer than all the parties is not enfo rcea ble or appealable and is subject
to revision at any time before entry of a final judgment adjudicating all the claims, rights, and lia bilities of all
parties. (emphasis added)

                                                           5
of review is de novo upon the record, with a presumption of the correctness of the finding

of the trial judge.10 In a non-jury case such as this one, we may reverse the trial court only

of the evidence preponderates against the finding of the trial judge. See Rule 13(d) TENN .

R. APP . P.



                                    A. Continuation of the Hearing

        Husband asserts that the trial court acted improperly in ordering that the hearing

would continue at a later date. Husband argues that the trial court should have made an

allocation of the marital assets and debts instead of continuing the hearing. While the

Court recognizes that the delay between the beginning and end of the hearing was quite

long, we are unable to find fault with the trial court’s actions. From our reading of the

record, it seems that the delay was due to the lack of preparation by the parties. It is

apparent that at the commencement of the hearing, neither party had bothered to obtain

appraisals for the real property at issue. The resulting continuance was unavoidable. The

trial court did not err on this issue.



                                   B. Use of discovery information

        Husband claims that the court erred in allowing Wife’s attorney to admit several

exhibits regarding the parties’ financial status and Husband’s health.11 We disagree. The

foundation for several of the exhibits was established when Husband and his then-counsel

failed to respond to a Request for Admissions submitted by W ife. Pursuant to Rule 36.01

of the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure, the failure to respond to such a request means

that the matters are admitted for trial purposes.12 Therefore, from our reading of the record,


        10
          The record on appeal is incomplete. A transcript for the first and final days of the proceeding has
been provided. There is apparently no available transcript for the second day of the trial. Where there is no
transcript or statement of evidence, there is a presumption that the proceedings were proper and that the
evidence suppo rted the jud gem ent. Hollingsworth v. Safeco Ins. Co., 782 S.W.2d 477, 479 (Tenn. Ct. App.
1988). The appellate court must assume that the record would support the trial court’s find ings. Sherrod v.
W ix, 849 S.W.2d 780, 783 (Tenn . Ct. App. 1992). Therefore, we must presume that the proceedings on day
two of the hearing fully supported the judgment of the trial court. Our de novo review is lim ited to the first and
last days of the hearing.

        11
           Husband also claims that his failure to present conflicting evidence was because the information was
stored at W ife’s residence. However, Husband chose not to present additional evidence when given the
opportu nity by the cour t.

        12
        Rule 36.01 of the T ENN. R. C IV. P. provide s in pertinen t part:
       A party may serve upon any other party a written request for the admission, for purpose s of the
pending action only, of the truth of any matters within the scope of Rule 26.02 set forth in the request that

                                                        6
we find no error in the admission of these exhibits.



                                     C. Control of the Courtroom

         Husband claims that the trial court erred by failing to maintain control of the

courtroom. We can find no support for this contention in the record. Indeed, Husband’s

argument seems to be a personal attack on the judge rather than on her actions. In

addition, Husband fails to show how any alleged lack of control resulted in harm to his

case. Therefore, we find that this issue is clearly without merit.



                                 D. Interpretation of Gaming Laws

         Husband challenges the trial court’s ability to interpret the law as it pertains to

gambling losses. However, at trial and on appeal, Husband again failed to present any

evidence or legal argument to support this contention. Accordingly, this issue is without

merit.



                                          E. Absence of Wife

         Husband claims that the trial court erred in proceeding with the hearing in the

absence of Wife. Husband does not assert that he had further questions for Wife, and

Husband did not call Wife as a witness. Therefore, the Court fails to see how the absence

of Wife prejudiced Husband’s case in any way. Accordingly, the trial court did not err by

proceeding with the hearing.



                                     F. Entrance of Court Orders

         Husband asserts that the trial court erred in entering orders without the approval of




relate to statements or opinions of fact or of the application of law to fact, including the genuineness of any
docum ents describ ed in the re quest. Copies of documents shall be served with the request unless they have
been or are otherwise furnished or made available for inspe ction and c opying . The requ est m ay, without leave
of court, be served upon the plaintiff after commencem ent of the action and upon any other party with or after
serv ice of the s um mo ns an d com plaint upon that p arty.
         Each matter of which an admission is requested shall be separately set forth. The matter is admitted
unless, within 30 days after service of the request, or within such shorter or longer time as the court may allow,
the party to whom the request is directed serves upon the party requesting the admission a written answer
or objection addressed to the matter, signed by the party or by the party's attorney, but, unless the court
shortens the time, a defendant shall not be required to serve answers or objections before the expiration of
45 days after service of the summ ons and com plaint upon the defendant. (empha sis added).



                                                        7
Husband or Husband’s counsel. The court does not require the consent of the parties to

enter a regular order.         In addition, the court below stated that the orders correctly

memorialized the court’s ruling. This issue is without merit.



                                          G. Attorney’s Fees

        Wife asserts that the trial court erred in refusing her request for attorney’s fees.

Wife claims that she in entitled to attorney’s fees because of Husband’s deliberate

attempts to create unnecessary litigation expenses. However, the decision to award

attorney's fees to a party in a divorce proceeding is within the trial court’s sound discretion

and will not be disturbed on appeal unless the evidence preponderates against such a

decision. See Storey v. Storey, 835 S.W.2d 593, at 597 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1992) citing

Batson v. Batson, 769 S.W.2d 849, 862 (Tenn. Ct. App.1988) and Lyon v. Lyon, 765

S.W.2d 759, 762-63 (Tenn. Ct. App.1988). Admittedly, there is some evidence that

Husband caused Wife to incur additional expenses. The evidence does not, however,

preponderate against the trial court’s decision.              Therefore, the trial court did not err in

denying Wife attorney’s fees.



                                          H. Frivolous Appeal

        Wife asserts that Husband’s appeal is frivolous and that as such, she is entitled to

her attorney’s fees and costs incurred on appeal. An appeal that has no basis in law or

fact is considered frivolous. Industrial Dev. Bd. of City of Tullahoma v. Hancock, 901

S.W.2d 382, 385 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1995). Accordingly, the non-appealing party “should not

have to bear the expense and vexation” of a frivolous appeal. Davis v. Gulf Ins. Group, 546

S.W.2d 583, 586 (Tenn. 1977); see also Tenn. Code Ann. §27-1-122.13                              Under this

standard, we find that Husband’s appeal is frivolous. Therefore, Wife’s request for

attorney’s fees and cost incurred on appeal is granted.




          13
             Tenn. Code Ann. §2 7-1-122 provides : W hen it appears to any reviewing court that the appeal from
any court of record was frivolous or taken solely for delay, the court may, either upon motion of a party or of
its own motion, award just damages against the appellant, which may include but need not be limited to, costs,
intere st on the ju dgm ent, a nd ex pen ses incur red b y the a ppe llee as a res ult of th e app eal.




                                                      8
                                        Conclusion

       Based on the foregoing, the decision of the trial court is affirmed. Costs of this

appeal are taxed to Husband, Isaac Manuel Fisher, Jr., for which execution may issue if

necessary. This case is remanded to the trial court for a determination of Wife’s expenses,

including attorney’s fees, incurred as a result of this appeal.




                                                         HIGHERS, J.



CONCUR:




CRAWFORD, P.J., W. S.




LILLARD, J.




                                             9
