J-A17031-16


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

MICHAEL VAN STINE                                       IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                              PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellee

                       v.

MARC CARPINETA

                            Appellant                          No. 2856 EDA 2015


                      Appeal from the Order August 27, 2015
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
               Civil Division at No(s): July Term, 2015, No. 03662


BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., LAZARUS, J., and PLATT, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.:                                    FILED JULY 27, 2016

        Appellant, Marc Carpineta, appeals from the order entered in the

Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas, granting Appellee’s petition for

a prohibitory preliminary injunction on the basis of an alleged violation of the

Wiretap Act.1 We affirm.

        The relevant facts and procedural history of this appeal are as follows.

Appellee, Michael Van Stine, and Appellant, Marc Carpineta, both members

of the Bentley Square Condominium Association, face ongoing litigation

involving    a   longstanding     dispute      for   control   of   a   condominium   in

Philadelphia.    On July 31, 2013, September 25, 2013, and November 10,

____________________________________________


1
    18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 5701 and 5725, respectively.


_____________________________

*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-A17031-16


2013, Mr. Van Stine called Appellant to discuss confidential condominium

association business.    On December 2, 2013, at a meeting, Appellant

boasted that he recorded one or more of the telephone conversations with

Mr. Van Stine and shared the content of the conversations in a negative

manner in the presence of Mr. Van Stine, two attorneys, and approximately

six other witnesses.

      On July 30, 2015, Mr. Van Stine filed a pro se petition for injunctive

and equitable relief claiming violations of the Wiretap Act in Philadelphia

County. On August 27, 2015, the court held a hearing on the petition. At

the hearing, Mr. Van Stine presented a witness, Steven Cohen (“Mr.

Cohen”), who had attended the December 2, 2013 meeting.          Mr. Cohen’s

testimony confirmed Mr. Van Stine’s evidence concerning Appellant’s

intentional recording of Mr. Van Stine and Appellant’s intention to use such a

recording in the ongoing condominium dispute. Appellant declined to testify

at the hearing; so, Mr. Van Stine’s evidence went unchallenged in this

context. Consequently, the court found Appellant evasive regarding whether

the recording existed such that the court found Appellant was not credible.

Also, the court determined Mr. Van Stine was unfairly and unnecessarily

exposed to a number of risks of continuing and substantial irreparable harm

because of the taped conversation(s), including that Appellant might have

made copies of and or distributed the audio recording(s) to others involved

in the condominium dispute.      The court held Mr. Van Stine’s evidence


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sufficient to order a prohibitory preliminary injunction, with the alleged

violation of the Wiretap Act serving only as evidence of an act that, if proved

in a criminal case, would constitute a crime, which the court found was per

se damaging to Mr. Van Stine. At the conclusion of the hearing, the court

granted an order prohibiting Appellant from using any recordings of Appellee

in any manner, directing Appellant to preserve any recordings in his

possession, and precluding Appellant from recording any of Appellee’s

conversations. The court did not rule on Appellee’s claim for equitable relief.

      On September 17, 2015, Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal. On

September 18, 2015, the court ordered a Rule 1925(b) statement.              In

response, Appellant filed his Rule 1925(b) statement on October 6, 2015.

      Appellant raises the following issues on appeal:

         DID THE [TRIAL] COURT HAVE A REASONABLE BASIS TO
         CONCLUDE THAT [MR. VAN STINE] HAD A CLEAR RIGHT
         TO A PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION FOR AN ALLEGED
         VIOLATION OF THE WIRETAPPING AND ELECTRONIC
         SURVEILLANCE CONTROL ACT WHERE THERE WAS NO
         EVIDENCE OF IMMEDIATE AND IRREPARABLE HARM SUCH
         AS AN ONGOING PATTERN OF VIOLATIONS OR A THREAT
         OF FUTURE VIOLATIONS?

         DID THE [TRIAL] COURT HAVE A REASONABLE BASIS TO
         CONCLUDE THAT [MR. VAN STINE] HAD A CLEAR RIGHT
         TO A PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION FOR AN ALLEGED
         VIOLATION OF THE WIRETAPPING AND ELECTRONIC
         SURVEILLANCE CONTROL ACT WHERE THERE WAS NO
         EVIDENCE OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER WHICH THE
         ALLEGED VIOLATION OCCURRED, I.E., WHETHER [MR.
         VAN STINE] HAD A JUSTIFIABLE EXPECTATION THAT HIS
         CONVERSATION WOULD NOT BE INTERCEPTED?




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J-A17031-16


         DOES     THE    WIRETAPPING     AND   ELECTRONIC
         SURVEILLANCE CONTROL ACT AUTHORIZE INJUNCTIVE
         RELIEF TO PROHIBIT FUTURE VIOLATIONS?

(Appellant’s Brief at 4).

      Appellant argues the record does not establish the first prerequisite for

a preliminary injunction because Appellee failed to show that an injunction is

necessary to prevent immediate and irreparable harm.               Additionally,

Appellant states nothing in the record establishes the fourth prerequisite,

i.e., the activity the injunction seeks to restrain is actionable, the right to

relief is clear, and the wrong is manifest. Likewise, Appellant avers Appellee

failed on the fifth prerequisite in that Appellee did not show that the

injunction is reasonably suited to abate the offending activity. In essence,

Appellant claims there was no harm, no clear showing of right to relief, and

no ongoing activity that had to be restrained. Moreover, no evidence reveals

that any threat would happen again.         Specifically, Appellant contests any

finding of imminent danger in the record since the alleged recording

happened prior to December 2013, and the petition for injunctive relief was

not filed until nineteen months after the recording. Furthermore, Appellee’s

witness, Mr. Cohen, only stated he had heard Appellant say he had a

recording of the prior conversation with Appellee, not that Appellant said he

was going to replicate and/or distribute the recording.      Instead, Appellant

argues Mr. Cohen’s testimony is hearsay and is insufficient to support a

preliminary injunction.     Appellant further contends Mr. Cohen’s testimony


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J-A17031-16


does not confirm any other testimony because neither Appellant nor

Appellee ever testified.    Appellant asserts the trial court engaged in

speculation, which should not serve as the basis for an injunction.

      Next, Appellant claims no evidence discloses the circumstances in

which Appellant allegedly recorded the conversation; so, it is impossible to

determine whether Appellee had any expectation of privacy. Evidence of the

location of the conversation, such as an open meeting or any other open

setting, would show Appellee should have expected the conversation could

be intercepted.     Without such evidence, Appellee cannot assert any

reasonable expectation of privacy in the recorded conversation.

      Appellant further alleges that, although the Wiretap Act creates a

private cause of action for damages, the Wiretap Act does not expressly

provide for injunctive relief.   Appellant asserts the notion of obtaining

injunctive relief to prohibit the violation of a statute is counter-intuitive

because the statute itself prohibits the interception of communications.

Also, Appellant states evidence fails to identify the conversation at issue

between Appellee and Appellant as an “oral communication” for purposes of

the Wiretap Act. Appellant concludes this Court should reverse the order for

a prohibitory preliminary injunction and remand for further proceedings. We

disagree.

      Review of a trial court’s order granting a prohibitory preliminary

injunctive relief is highly deferential; thus, in reviewing the grant of a


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J-A17031-16


preliminary injunction, we must examine the record to determine if there

were any apparently reasonable grounds for the trial court’s action.

Warehime v. Warehime, 580 Pa. 201, 860 A.2d 41 (2004) (citing Summit

Towne Centre, Inc. v. Shoe Show of Rocky Mount, Inc., 573 Pa. 637,

644-45, 828 A.2d 995, 1000 (2003)). “Our scope of review from an order

denying a preliminary injunction is very narrow.       An appellate court will

interfere with the decision of the [trial court] only if it is clear that no

grounds exist to support the decree or that the rule of law relied upon was

patently erroneous or misapplied.” Harsco Corp. v. Klein, 576 A.2d 1118,

1121 (Pa.Super. 1990).

      A party seeking a preliminary injunction must establish: (1) the

injunction is necessary to prevent immediate and irreparable harm; (2)

greater injury will occur from refusing to grant the injunction than from

granting it; (3) the injunction will restore the parties to the status quo as it

existed before the alleged wrongful conduct; (4) the likelihood of success on

the merits; (5) the injunction is reasonably designed to prevent the wrongful

conduct; and (6) the injunction will not adversely affect the public interest.

Summit Towne Centre, Inc. supra at 646-47, 828 A.2d at 1001.

         However, since a preliminary injunction is designed to
         preserve the status quo pending final resolution of the
         underlying issues, it is obvious that the “clear right”
         requirement is not intended to mandate that one
         seeking a preliminary injunction establish his or her
         claim absolutely. Valley Forge Historical Society v.
         Washington Memorial Chapel, [493 Pa. 491, 426 A.2d
         1123 (1981)].     Where the threat of immediate and

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J-A17031-16


         irreparable harm to the petitioning party is evident, that
         the injunction does no more than restore the status quo
         and the greater injury would result by refusing the
         requested injunction than granting it, an injunction may
         properly be granted where substantial legal
         questions must be resolved to determine the rights
         of the respective parties. [Id.]

Fischer v. Department of Public Welfare, 497 Pa. 267, 271, 439 A.2d

1172, 1174 (1982) (emphasis added).         See Ambrogi v. Reber, 932 A.2d

969, 977 (Pa.Super. 2007), appeal denied, 597 Pa. 725, 952 A.2d 673

(2008) (stating purpose of preliminary injunction is to prevent irreparable

injury or gross injustice by preserving status quo as it exists or as it

previously existed before acts complained of in complaint); Appeal of Little

Britain Tp. from Decision of Zoning Hearing Bd. of Little Britain Tp.,

651 A.2d 606 (Pa.Cmwlth. 1994), appeal denied, 541 Pa. 645, 663 A.2d 696

(1995) (explaining preliminary injunction puts and keeps matters in position

in which they were before defendant’s improper conduct; sole object of

preliminary injunction is to preserve subject of controversy in condition in

which it is when order is entered, it is not to subvert, but to maintain

existing status until court can hear and determine merits of controversy;

preliminary injunction cannot serve as judgment on merits because

by definition it is temporary remedy granted until party’s dispute can

be completely resolved).

      Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 1531 governs preliminary and

special injunctions, in pertinent part, as follows:


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J-A17031-16


        Rule 1531.     Special Relief. Injunctions

        (a) A court shall issue a preliminary or special injunction
        only after written notice and hearing unless it appears to
        the satisfaction of the court that immediate and irreparable
        injury will be sustained before notice can be given or a
        hearing held, in which case the court may issue a
        preliminary or special injunction without a hearing or
        without notice. In determining whether a preliminary or
        special injunction should be granted and whether notice or
        a hearing should be required, the court may act on the
        basis of the averments of the pleadings or petition and
        may consider affidavits of parties or third persons or any
        other proof which the court may require.

Pa.R.C.P. 1531(a). Thus, the Rule requires the court to hold a hearing only

before the grant of an injunction, with limited exception.    See id.   The

appellant has the burden to demonstrate that the trial court’s decision to

grant a prohibitory preliminary injunction lacks any “apparently reasonable

grounds.” The York Group, Inc. v. Yorktowne Caskets, Inc., 924 A.2d

1234, 1241 (Pa.Super. 2007).

     After a thorough review of the record, the briefs of the parties, the

applicable law, and the well-reasoned opinion of the Honorable Linda A.

Carpenter, we conclude Appellant’s issues merit no relief.   The trial court

fully and properly supported its decision.   See Trial Court Opinion, dated

December 9, 2015, at 2-3) (finding: Mr. Van Stine demonstrated through

credible third party testimony that Appellant boasted he had recorded Mr.

Van Stine; recording was done in contravention of Pennsylvania law;

Appellant intended to use recording in ongoing condo dispute and without

intervention, irreparable harm would result; sufficient evidence supported

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J-A17031-16


court’s conclusion that recording existed and that Appellant had intended to

make such recording; at time of hearing, court determined Mr. Van Stine

was being unfairly and unnecessarily exposed to number of risks of

continuing and substantial irreparable harm because of conversation at

issue, including that Appellant might have             made   copies of, and/or

distributed, audio recording and sent recording to others involved in condo

dispute).2    We accept the court’s decision.        The trial court balanced the

rights of both parties and crafted its order as narrowly as possible to abate

the problem.       See Ambrogi, supra.           The record supports the court’s

decision. See The York Group, Inc., supra. Accordingly, we affirm on the

basis of the trial court opinion.

       Order affirmed.




____________________________________________


2
  To the extent Appellant takes issue with the court’s comment in its opinion
on his credibility, we observe Appellant was evasive at the hearing about
whether he recorded Mr. Van Stine and declined the court’s invitation to
testify. In this respect, therefore, we qualify the trial court’s opinion, but not
its decision.

Regarding Appellant’s third issue, we observe the prohibitory injunction
sought in this case was not directly under the Wiretap Act at 18 Pa.C.S.A. §
5725; the alleged violation of the Wiretap Act was used only as evidence of
an act that, if proved in a criminal case, would constitute a crime, which the
court found was per se damaging to Mr. Van Stine to support the damages
aspect of the preliminary injunction.



                                           -9-
J-A17031-16


Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 7/27/2016




                          - 10 -
                                                                                 Circulated 07/13/2016 12:47 PM




                        IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                   FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA                                     '"11

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MICHAEL VAN STINE
                    Plaintiff-Appellee                        SUPERIOR COURT           r:;'
                                                                                       -i~····

                                                              2856 EDA 2015
      v.
                                                              COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
MARC CARPINETA                                                CASE NO. 150703662
                    Defendant-Appellant




                                         OPINION

CARPENTER, J.                                                           DECEMBER 9, 2015

      Appellee Michael Van Stine ("Van Stine") and Appellant Marc Carpineta

("Carpineta") have been involved in a longstanding dispute and ongoing litigation with

regard to the control of a condominium in the City of Philadelphia.          In the instant

proceeding before this Court, Van Stine requested injunctive relief to prevent Carpineta

from using a recording of Van Stine that had been made without his permission and in

contravention to 18 Pa.C.S. § 5701, et seq. and 18 Pa.C.S. §5725, etseq. This Court

conducted a full hearing on the merits on August 27, 2015, at which time this Court

assessed the witnesses' testimony and made the determination that a recording clearly

had been made in contravention of Pennsylvania law. This Court further determined

that Carpineta intended to use such recording in the ongoing condominium dispute and

that without a Court Order preventing Carpineta from using the unlawful recording,




                                  Van Stine Vs Carpineta-OPFLD



                                  iiiiiiii iiii i iiiiiiiiiii iii iii
                                         15070366200017
        1
irreparable        harm would result.   This Court placed all findings on the record at the

hearlng.1     Following the hearing, this Court entered an Order stating that:

              1.     Mr. Carpineta shall not use any recordings of Mr. Van Stine in any
                     manner.

              2. Any recordings in Mr. Carpineta's possession should be [disclosed].

              3.     Mr. Carpineta shall not in any manner record conversations of Mr.
                     Van Stine.

Carpineta has filed an appeal of this Order asserting that he was not served prior to the

entry of this Order and thus, this Court did not have jurisdiction.             He further submits that

there was insufficient evidence presented of any recorded conversation or that he ever

had the intent to record or threatened to record any conversation. Carpineta further

contends that this Court erred in not reviewing the legal factors at issue with the correct

standard in order to enter an order for injunctive relief. These arguments must be

rejected.

        While Carpineta alleges a lack of service, the record contains no preliminary

objections filed with regard to service, even though the Petition was filed on July 30,

2015 and a Rule to Show Cause was issued and served by this Court on August 4,

2015, well in advance of the hearing. Accordingly, the issue with regard to service has

been waived.

        With regard to Carpineta's sufficiency claim, at the hearing in this matter, Van

Stine presented credible testimony from a third party to confirm his own testimony that

Carpineta had intentionally made a recording of Van Stine and that Carpineta intended

to use such recording in the ongoing condominium dispute. Moreover, this Court found
1
 As of the writing of this Opinion, this Court has not been provided with a copy of the notes of testimony
and thus is unable to make specific notations to the record.


                                                     2
                                                                                                  \
                                                                                                      I
that ~Jrpineta was evasive about whether a recording was made such that this Court

did not find Carpineta to be a credible witness.         As such, this Court found the evidence

sufficient to support its finding that a recorded conversation existed and that Carpineta

had the intent to record the conversation.

          In consideration of Carpineta's assertion related to this Court's review of the legal

factors at issue and the proper standard for entering an order for injunctive relief, this

Court similarly finds no merit. The Pennsylvania Wiretap Act ("Act") provides a civil

remedy to aggrieved persons whose communications are unlawfully intercepted.2

Injunctive relief and other equitable remedies are available in connection with claims

under the Act.3 At the time of the August 27, 2015 hearing, this Court determined that

Van Stine was being unfairly and unnecessarily exposed to a number of risks of

continuing and substantial irreparable harm because of the conversation at issue,

including that Carpineta may have made copies of, and or distributed, the subject

audiotape and sent such tape to others involved in the condominium dispute.           These

findings are supported by the record and should be affirmed on appeal.




                                                              BY THE COURT:




2
    Agnew v. Dupler, 717 A.2d 519, 522 (Pa. 1998).
3   Id.


                                                     3
