               In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
                                          No. 02-95V
                                     Filed: March 19, 2014

                                       TO BE PUBLISHED1
*******************************************
WAYNE FUESEL and TAMI FUESEL, as parents *
and natural guardians of JMF, a minor,            *
                                                  *       Vaccine Act Denial of Interim
                      Petitioners,                *       Costs; Expert Costs; Reasonable
                                                  *       Basis; Reasonable Costs
 v.                                               *
                                                  *
SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN                     *
SERVICES,                                         *
                                                  *
                              Respondent.         *
*******************************************
Clifford Shoemaker, Shoemaker & Associates, Vienna, VA, for Petitioners.
Linda Renzi, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for Respondent.

     DECISION DENYING PETITIONERS’ APPLICATION FOR INTERIM COSTS

HASTINGS, Special Master.

       In this case under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (hereinafter Athe
Program@), Wayne and Tami Fuesel (“Petitioners”) seek, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. ' 300aa-15(e), 2 an
award of interim costs for prepayment of $5000 in expert fees demanded by Petitioners’ expert and
$1,990 for certain medical testing that Petitioners’ expert indicates is necessary in order for her to
prepare an expert report in this case. 3 After careful consideration, I have determined to deny the
request in full.

1
   Because I have designated this document to be published, this document will be made available
to the public unless Petitioner files, within fourteen days, an objection to the disclosure of any
material in this decision that would constitute Amedical files and similar files the disclosure of
which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy.@ See 42 U.S.C.
' 300aa-12(d)(4)(B); Vaccine Rule 18(b).
2
   The applicable statutory provisions defining the Program are found at 42 U.S.C. ' 300aa-10 et
seq. (2006). Hereinafter, for ease of citation, all ' references will be to 42 U.S.C. (2006).
3
   Although Petitioners initially sought prepayment of $2,400 to cover medical testing, alleging
that they could not afford this cost, Petitioners have since apparently paid for the testing at a cost of
$1,990 and JMF has undergone the testing. (ECF No. 68, filed Oct. 11, 2013 (“hereinafter “Pet.
                                                    1
                                                   I

                                PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

       Petitioners filed their petition on January 31, 2002, alleging that their daughter’s
vaccinations of February 10, 1999, caused her autism disorder. Petitioners filed medical records
as required by the Vaccine Act on September 6, 2002. (See Petitioners’ Exhibits (hereinafter,
“Pet. Ex.”) 1-7.) Thereafter, Petitioners’ claim joined the Omnibus Autism Proceeding on
September 6, 2002. (Notice, ECF No. 10.)

A. Omnibus Autism Proceeding

        This case concerning JMF is one of more than 5000 cases filed under the Program in which
it has been alleged that a child’s disorder known as “autism,” or a similar disorder, was caused by
one or more vaccinations. A brief summary of that proceeding follows.

        In anticipation of dealing with such a large group of cases involving a common factual
issue--i.e., whether vaccinations can cause autism--the Office of Special Masters (“OSM”) devised
special procedures. On July 3, 2002, the Chief Special Master, acting on behalf of the OSM, issued
a document entitled the Autism General Order # 1, 4 which set up a proceeding known as the
“Omnibus Autism Proceeding” (OAP). In the OAP, a group of counsel selected from attorneys
representing Petitioners in the autism cases, known as the Petitioners’ Steering Committee
(“PSC”), was charged with obtaining and presenting evidence concerning the general issue of
whether those vaccines can cause autism, and, if so, in what circumstances. The evidence obtained
in that general inquiry was to be applied to the individual cases. (Autism General Order # 1, 2002
WL 31696785, at *3.)

        Ultimately, the PSC elected to present two different theories concerning the causation of
autism. The first theory alleged that the measles portion of the MMR vaccine can cause autism, in
situations in which it was alleged that thimerosal-containing vaccines previously weakened an
infant’s immune system. That theory was presented in three separate Program “test cases,” during
several weeks of trial in 2007. The second theory alleged that the mercury contained in the
thimerosal-containing vaccines can directly affect an infant’s brain, thereby substantially

Reply”).) Accordingly, I am considering this part of the current request as a request for
reimbursement of interim costs.
4
   The Autism General Order # 1 is published at 2002 WL 31696785, 2002 U.S. Claims LEXIS
365 (Fed.Cl.Spec.Mstr. July 3, 2002). I also note that the documents filed in the Omnibus Autism
Proceeding are contained in a special file kept by the Clerk of this court, known as the “Autism
Master File.” An electronic version of that File is maintained on this court's website. This
electronic version contains a “docket sheet” listing all of the items in the File, and also contains the
complete text of most of the items in the File, with the exception of a few documents that are
withheld from the website due to copyright considerations or due to § 300aa-12(d)(4)(A). To
access this electronic version of the Autism Master File, visit this court's website at
http://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/docket-omnibus-autism-proceeding
                                                  2
contributing to the development of autism. The second theory was presented in three additional
“test cases” during several weeks of trial in 2008.

        On February 12, 2009, decisions were issued concerning the three “test cases” pertaining to
the PSC’s first theory. In each of those three decisions, the Petitioners’ causation theories were
rejected. I issued the decision in Cedillo v. HHS, No. 98-916V, 2009 WL 331968 (Fed. Cl. Spec.
Mstr. Feb. 12, 2009). Special Master Patricia Campbell-Smith issued the decision in Hazlehurst v.
HHS, No. 03-654V, 2009 WL 332306 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Feb. 12, 2009). Special Master Denise
Vowell issued the decision in Snyder v. HHS, No. 01-162V, 2009 WL 332044 (Fed. Cl. Spec.
Mstr. Feb. 12, 2009).

       Those three decisions were later each affirmed in three different rulings, by three different
judges of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims. Hazlehurst v. HHS, 88 Fed. Cl. 473 (2009); Snyder v.
HHS, 88 Fed. Cl. 706 (2009); Cedillo v. HHS, 89 Fed. Cl. 158 (2009). Two of those three rulings
were then appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, again resulting in
affirmances of the decisions denying the Petitioners’ claims. Hazlehurst v. HHS, 604 F. 3d 1343
(Fed. Cir. 2010); Cedillo v. HHS, 617 F. 3d 1328 (Fed. Cir. 2010).

        On March 12, 2010, the same three special masters issued decisions concerning three
separate “test cases” pertaining to the Petitioners PSC’s second causation theory. Again, the
Petitioners’ causation theories were rejected in all three cases. King v. HHS, No. 03-
584V, 2010 WL 892296 (Fed.Cl.Spec.Mstr. Mar. 12, 2010); Mead v. HHS, No. 03-
215V, 2010 WL 892248 (Fed.Cl.Spec.Mstr. Mar. 12, 2010); Dwyer v. HHS, No. 03-
1202V, 2010 WL 892250 (Fed.Cl.Spec.Mstr. Mar.12, 2010). None of the Petitioners elected to
seek review any of those three decisions.

       Thereafter, Petitioners remaining in the OAP were required to file amended petitions and
submit case-specific expert reports in support of their claim if they elected to pursue their petitions
for vaccine compensation. (See Autism Master File, Autism Update filed Jan. 12, 2011 at 4.).) 5

B. Case-specific proceedings

        During the pendency of the OAP, Petitioners filed additional medical records, as ordered
by the court in anticipation of the rulings from the test cases. (See Pet. Exs. 8-32.) On July 9,
2009, Respondent filed a Statement indicating that Petitioners’ claim was timely filed within the
Vaccine Act’s statute of limitations, and involved a diagnosed autism disorder. (Notice, ECF No.
39.)

       Subsequent to the conclusion of the OAP test cases, Petitioners on June 20, 2011, filed an
Amended Petition, alleging that JMF’s MMR vaccination of February 10, 1999, caused her to
develop an encephalopathy. Petitioners were ordered on June 23, 2011, to file an expert report in
5
   An electronic copy of the Autism Update filed January 12, 2011, can be obtained from the
electronic version of the Autism Master File at
http://www.cofc.uscourts.gov/docket-omnibus-autism-proceeding.

                                                  3
support of their Amended Petition by no later than September 21, 2011. (Order, ECF No. 42.) For
over one year thereafter, Petitioners’ counsel filed status reports indicating that counsel had sent
JMF’s medical records to an expert for “his” review and that additional time would be required for
the expert to review the material and ascertain if “he” could prepare an expert report. (See Status
Report, ECF No. 43, Sept. 21, 2011; Status Report, ECF No. 44, Nov. 21, 2011; Status Report,
ECF No. 45, Jan. 20, 2012; Status Report, ECF No. 46, Mar. 20, 2012; Status Report, ECF No. 48,
July 20, 2012; Status Report, ECF No. 49, Sept. 18, 2012.)

         On October 31, 2012, I expressed my concern that case this was not proceeding to
resolution more quickly, and ordered Petitioners to identify their medical expert and explain the
delay in producing their expert report. (See Order, ECF No. 50.). On November 21, 2012,
Petitioners filed a Status Report indicating that the expert who was reviewing their case and
preparing an expert report was Theresa A. Deisher, Ph.D. (Status Report, ECF No. 51.)
Thereafter, I convened a status conference on January 8, 2013, to discuss my concerns regarding
the use of Dr. Deisher, who is not a medical doctor, as a medical expert in this matter. (See my
Order filed July 30, 2013, at fn. 1.) On February 27, 2013, I granted Petitioners further additional
time to file Dr. Deisher’s expert report, so that certain medical tests could be performed. (Order,
ECF No. 55.) However, in light of the protracted proceedings in this case, I warned Petitioners that
if their report was not filed within the next six months, absent good cause shown, I would dismiss
this case for failure to prosecute. (Id. at 2.)

        Petitioners have yet to file an expert report in support of their claim, despite being under
court order for more than two and a half years to do so.

C. Petitioners’ application for interim costs

        On July 17, 2013, Petitioners filed a motion that both sought another extension of time to
file Dr. Deisher’s report, and also constituted an application for interim costs. (Hereinafter, “Pet.
App.”).) At my request, Petitioners filed additional information concerning their application on
August 12, 2013. (“Pet. Resp.”) Petitioners’ application sought $5000 to cover the cost of a
retainer charged by their expert Dr. Deisher, plus $1,990 for reimbursement of costs for certain
medical testing ordered by Dr. Deisher. Respondent opposed Petitioners’ application for interim
costs. (“R. Resp.,” filed on Sep. 20, 2013.) Petitioners then filed another memorandum
concerning the fee application on October 11, 2013. (“Pet. Reply.”)

                                                 II

       LEGAL STANDARD FOR AWARDING ATTORNEYS= FEES AND COSTS

A. In general

        Special masters have the authority to award “reasonable” attorneys’ fees and litigation
costs in Vaccine Act cases. ' 300aa-15(e)(1). This is true even when a petitioner is unsuccessful
on the merits of the case, if the petition was filed in good faith and with a reasonable basis. Id.
“The determination of the amount of reasonable attorneys’” fees and costs is within the special

                                                  4
master=s discretion.” Saxton v. HHS, 3 F.3d 1517, 1520 (Fed. Cir. 1993); see also Shaw v. HHS,
609 F.3d 1372, 1377 (Fed. Cir. 2010).

        Further, as to all aspects of a claim for attorneys’ fees and costs, the burden is on the
petitioner to demonstrate that the attorneys’ fees claimed are “reasonable.” Hensley v. Eckerhart,
461 U.S. 424, 437 (1983); Sabella v. HHS, 86 Fed. Cl. 201, 215 (Fed. Cl. 2009); Rupert v. HHS, 52
Fed.Cl. 684, 686 (2002); Wilcox v. HHS, No. 90-991V, 1997 WL 101572, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec.
Mstr. Feb. 14, 1997). The petitioner=s burden of proof to demonstrate “reasonableness” applies
equally to costs as well as attorneys’ fees. Perreira v. HHS, 27 Fed. Cl. 29, 34 (1992), aff=d 33
F.3d 1375 (Fed. Cir. 1994).

B. AInterim@ fees and costs

        In Avera v. HHS, 515 F.3d 1343 (Fed. Cir. 2008), the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuit indicated that an award of “interim” fees and costs--that is, an award prior to the entry of a
final judgment on the initial question of whether the Petitioner is entitled to compensation for the
alleged vaccine injury--can be appropriate in Vaccine Act cases. Id. at 1352. The Avera court
did not specify in what particular circumstances such an award might appropriately be issued, but
the court made it clear that such “interim” awards can be appropriate. Id. The Federal Circuit
gave the same indication again in Shaw. Shaw, 609 F.3d at 1374.

                                                 III

 RESPONDENT=S GENERAL LEGAL ARGUMENT THAT AN AWARD OF INTERIM
FEES AND COSTS IS ALWAYS INAPPROPRIATE PRIOR TO RESOLUTION OF THE
                              MERITS

        In Avera v. HHS, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit indicated that an award
of “interim fees”--that is, an award of fees prior to the entry of a final judgment on account of the
alleged vaccine injury--can be appropriate in Vaccine Act cases. Avera, 515 F.3d at 1352.
However, the Avera court did not specify in what particular circumstances such an award might
appropriately be issued. Id. In this case, Respondent first raises a legal argument that an
“interim” award is appropriate only in a very narrow set of circumstances--i.e., either after an
award of compensation resulting from the alleged vaccine injury has been made to the Petitioners,
or after a judgment denying such compensation has been entered by the court. (R. Resp., pp
6-10.)

         I reject Respondent=s legal argument. Avera clearly held that interim awards are
permissible. Avera, 515 F.3d at 1352. Further, the Federal Circuit’s opinion in Shaw stated
unequivocally that the Avera court had rejected “the government=s argument that a fee award is
only permissible after judgment under '300aa-15.” Shaw, 609 F.3d at 1374 (emphasis added).
Thus, the Shaw court explicitly interpreted the Avera court to have rejected the very argument that
Respondent raises here, that a fee award Ais only permissible after judgment.@ (Id.) I and other
Special Masters have found on numerous occasions that an award of interim fees is permissible
prior to the entry of judgment or an award of compensation resulting from the alleged vaccine

                                                  5
injury. See, e.g. Bender v. HHS, No. 11-693V, 2014 WL 448860, at *2-4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.
Jan. 15, 2014). Special masters, rather, clearly have discretion to consider whether an interim
award is appropriate in a specific case. Saxton, 3 F.3d at 1520.

                                                 IV

            THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THIS CASE DO NOT JUSTIFY THE
                   REQUESTED AWARD OF INTERIM COSTS

A. Overview

        I have reviewed and carefully considered Petitioners’ Application, as well as all the filings
from both parties concerning Petitioners’ Application. I find that the circumstances of this case
clearly do not justify an award for the interim costs sought by Petitioners at this time. I will not
reiterate each of the many deficiencies in Petitioners’ application, which were set forth in
Respondent’s Response. I will instead discuss the major weaknesses that prevent me from
awarding interim costs in this claim at this time: 1) Petitioners have not established that a
reasonable basis exists to proceed in the prosecution of this claim; and 2) Petitioners have not
established that the costs sought are reasonable.

        As discussed above, under the Vaccine Act, Petitioners may recover reasonable attorneys’
fees and costs even if they have not established entitlement to compensation for their injury, if
their petition was filed in good faith, possessed a reasonable basis, and the requested fees and costs
are reasonable. 6 ' 300aa-15(e)(1); Perreia, 27 Fed. Cl. at 34. In the instant case it is not clear at
this stage of the proceeding whether or not Petitioners have a reasonable basis to proceed, or
whether the requested costs are reasonable.

B. Petitioners have not established a reasonable basis to proceed.

         Since Petitioners’ claim is still pending, an award of interim costs is permissible only if
Petitioners can demonstrate that their claim possesses a reasonable basis. Perreia, 27 Fed. Cl. at
34. While a claim may possess a reasonable basis at the time of its filing, the reasonableness of
further pursuing the claim may come into question later in the proceeding through either the
introduction of new evidence or an inability to demonstrate supporting evidence. (Id. at 33.)
Petitioners assert that a reasonable basis exists for the prosecution of this claim because they have
filed a complete set of medical records, and they have an “expert willing to testify.” (Pet. Reply at
3.) However, a reasonable basis to proceed in the prosecution of this claim requires more than the
filing of medical records and retaining an “expert willing to testify.”

       As an initial matter, the medical records filed to date do not demonstrate or even suggest
vaccine causation. Accordingly, I cannot find a reasonable basis to proceed further in the
prosecution of this case based on the medical records alone.

6
   Under the Vaccine Act, Petitioners are entitled to an award of reasonable fees and costs if they
prevail on their vaccine injury claim. ' 300aa-15(e)(1).
                                                 6
         Additionally, Petitioners’ expert, Dr. Deisher, has yet to offer a medical expert opinion in
this case. Dr. Deisher has never, to my knowledge, testified in a claim before the Office of
Special Masters. Nor is she a medical doctor. Accordingly, I do not have sufficient evidence to
conclude that this claim possesses a reasonable basis to proceed, based merely upon counsel’s
assertion that Dr. Deisher might in the future offer a case-specific opinion favorable to Petitioners’
in this case. While Dr. Deisher may eventually offer a reliable opinion regarding causation in this
matter, sufficient to establish a reasonable basis to proceed in the prosecution of this claim, at this
time she has yet to do so. Perreia, 33 F.3d at 1377 (“Congress must not have intended that every
claimant, whether being compensated or not under the Vaccine Act, collect attorney fees and costs
by merely having an expert state an unsupported opinion that the vaccine was the cause in-fact of
the injury”). Accordingly, at this time, Petitioners have not demonstrated a reasonable basis to
proceed with the prosecution of this claim, and therefore I may not award interim costs.

C. Petitioners have not established that the interim costs sought are reasonable.

        Petitioners seek $5000 to pay Dr. Deisher’s retainer, as well as $1,990 for medical testing
that was performed at the recommendation of Dr. Deisher. The Vaccine Act indicates that
reasonable costs may be awarded to Petitioners. ' 300aa-15(e)(1). However, at this stage of the
proceedings I cannot determine, for a number of reasons, whether or not the costs Petitioners seek
are reasonable.

        As an initial matter, as discussed above, Dr. Deisher has yet to offer a medical expert
opinion in this case, she has not testified in previous vaccine cases, she has been subject to
criticism in the scientific community, 7 and she is not a medical doctor. Accordingly, I do not
have the necessary information to determine that it is reasonable to award the prepayment of $5000
for Dr. Deisher’s expert services in this case, or to award Petitioners $1,990 for the costs of
medical testing that was ordered at her request.

        Additionally, Petitioners did not submit the retainer agreement that they allegedly signed
agreeing to pay Dr. Deisher $5000 for her expert services in this case. Nor did Petitioners submit
documentation regarding any of the following: the hourly rate that Dr. Deisher will charge for her
services in this case, the rate Dr. Deisher typically charges for her expert services, the customary
rate for an expert with Dr. Deisher’s qualifications, the number of hours Dr. Deisher anticipates
expending in this case, and the types of tasks she intends to undertake in proffering her medical
opinion on behalf of Petitioners.

7
   As discussed by former Chief Special Master Campbell-Smith in reviewing a discovery request
in another case related to a proposed study by Dr. Deisher concerning vaccines and autism
spectrum disorders, a panel of Dr. Deisher’s peers -- i.e., National Institutes of Health reviewers
evaluating a study proposed by Dr. Deisher -- offered three independent critiques of her proposal,
opining that her proposal was “notably devoid of ‘strengths,’ but replete with ‘weaknesses,’”
indicating a “very poor view of her proposed study.” Mostovoy v. HHS, No. 02-10V, 2013 WL
3368236, at *23 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 12, 2013).

                                                  7
        Finally, Petitioners have submitted no receipt evidencing their payment for the medical
tests ordered by Dr. Deisher, 8 nor have Petitioners submitted any evidence demonstrating that
their medical insurance will not cover the costs of the testing. In sum, I have absolutely no basis
upon which to determine that the costs requested in this case are reasonable.

                                                IV

                                         CONCLUSION

         Accordingly, for the reasons set forth above, I deny Petitioners’ Application for interim
costs.



                                                    /s/ George L. Hastings, Jr.
                                              ______________________________
                                                    George L. Hastings, Jr.
                                                    Special Master




8
   While Petitioners indicate that their medical testing invoice was attached to Petitioners’ Reply
(Pet. Reply at 2), it was in fact not attached or filed at all.
                                                    8
