                      In the Missouri Court of Appeals
                                     Eastern District
                                              DIVISION ONE

THOMAS MICHAEL PRADE,                            )    No. ED103332
                                                 )
        Respondent,                              )    Appeal from the Circuit Court
                                                 )    of St. Charles County
vs.                                              )
                                                 )    Hon. Matthew E.P. Thornhill
DIRECTOR OF REVENUE,                             )
                                                 )    Filed:
        Appellant.                               )    June 21, 2016

        The Director of Revenue appeals from the judgment of the trial court reinstating the driving

privileges of Thomas Prade, which were suspended after his arrest for driving while intoxicated.

The Director argues that the trial court erred in excluding from evidence the breath sample results

showing Prade’s blood alcohol content (“BAC”) was over the legal limit. We agree and, therefore,

reverse and remand.

        Prade was arrested for driving while intoxicated after a traffic stop, during which he

performed poorly on field sobriety tests and displayed some indicia of intoxication. He agreed to

provide a breath sample on an Alco-Sensor IV breath analyzer, the results of which showed his

BAC was .146 percent, well over the legal limit of .08 percent. His license was suspended, and

Prade filed a petition for a trial de novo.

        Prade objected to the admission of the breath sample results.          He argued that the

compressed ethanol gas mixture used to maintain the breath analyzer was not provided from an

approved supplier under Department of Health and Senior Services regulations.               On the
maintenance report, the inspecting officer listed “Intoximeters” in the box labeled “Standard

Supplier” of the gas mixture. Intoximeters, Inc. is an approved supplier under the regulation. See

19 CSR 25-30.051(6). It was undisputed that the certificate of analysis, which is not in the record

on appeal, showed that the gas mixture was manufactured by Airgas Mid America and that

Intoximeters was Airgas’s customer. The trial court reasoned that because Intoximeters did not

manufacture the gas mixture, and instead merely served as a “middleman” between the

manufacturer and law enforcement, Intoximeters was not the supplier. On that basis, it excluded

the breath sample results and—there being no admissible evidence of Prade’s BAC—ordered the

Director to remove the suspension and reinstate his driving privileges. This appeal follows.

       The Director has the burden to establish by a preponderance of the evidence a prima facie

case for suspension of a driver’s license by introducing evidence that there was probable cause for

arresting the driver for an alcohol-related offense and that the driver’s BAC exceeded the legal

limit of .08 percent. McGough v. Director of Revenue, 462 S.W.3d 459, 462 (Mo. App. E.D.

2015). To establish that a driver’s BAC was over the legal limit, the Director may introduce

evidence of the results of a breath analyzer test. Id. To lay a foundation for admission of those

results, the Director must establish that the test was performed using the approved techniques and

methods of the Department of Health and Senior Services, by an operator holding a valid permit

and on equipment and devices approved by the Department. Id.

       The Department has promulgated regulations regarding the maintenance of breath

analyzers that must be followed in order for the results taken from that machine to be admissible

at trial. In relevant part, they provide that the “[c]ompressed ethanol-gas standard mixtures used

to verify and calibrate evidential breath analyzers shall be mixtures provided from approved

suppliers.” 19 CSR 25-30.051(5). There are four approved suppliers listed in the regulation,



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including Intoximeters; Airgas is not an approved supplier. 19 CSR 25-30.051(6). The Director

argues that this regulation does not require that the gas mixture be manufactured by one of the

approved suppliers listed therein, only that the gas mixture be provided to law enforcement from

one of those approved suppliers. Prade argues that because the regulation says “provided from

approved suppliers” it refers to the actual starting point of the gas mixture and since Airgas is

where the mixture started, Intoximeters cannot be an approved supplier. He also contends that, at

the very least, there were two suppliers—Intoximeters and Airgas—and one of them was not on

the approved list and therefore the BAC results were properly excluded.

       Both of Prade’s arguments have been squarely rejected by this Court in Gallagher v.

Director of Revenue, where we held that “the plain meaning of ‘provided from approved suppliers’

requires only proof that the entity that provided the gas mixture to law enforcement was an

approved supplier; there is no further requirement of proof regarding the manufacturer or any other

entity in the chain of supply.” 2016 WL 720619 at *2 (Mo. App. E.D February 23, 2016) (Motion

for Rehearing and/or Transfer to Supreme Court filed in Court of Appeals denied April 12, 2016);

see also Hiester v. Director of Revenue, 2016 WL 720675 (Mo. App. E.D. February 23, 2016)

(Application for Transfer to Supreme Court filed in Court of Appeals denied April 12, 2016;

Application for Transfer filed in Supreme Court denied May 24, 2016). Thus, Intoximeters need

not have produced the gas mixture it provided in order to be considered a supplier of that product

under the regulations.

       It may be reasonable in some cases to infer that if a certain entity manufactured the product,

it also supplied it to law enforcement. Gallagher, 2016 WL 720619 at *2 (citing Selix v. Director

of Revenue, 985 S.W.2d 380, 383 (Mo. App. E.D. 1999)). But here no such inference is

necessary—nor would it be reasonable to draw one—because it was undisputed that the gas



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mixture was manufactured by Airgas, which then sold it to its customer, Intoximeters. Then

Intoximeters supplied the gas mixture to law enforcement, the ultimate consumer of this product.

The trial court erred in concluding that because it did not manufacture the gas mixture,

Intoximeters could not be deemed the supplier. There is simply no support for that conclusion in

the plain language of the regulation. See Gallagher, 2016 WL 720619 at *2.

       In sum, Intoximeters was clearly identified as the supplier that provided law enforcement

the gas mixture to verify and calibrate the breath analyzer used to test Prade’s BAC at the time of

his arrest. Intoximeters is an approved supplier under 19 CSR 25-30.051, and therefore proper

foundation was laid for the admission of the breath sample results. Excluding those results was

error. Point granted.

       The judgment of the trial court is reversed. Given its disposition on the BAC evidence, the

trial court made no findings on whether the Director met its burden to prove probable cause for

Prade’s arrest. Therefore, we must remand the case for further proceedings consistent with this

opinion. See id. at *3 (citing McGough, 462 S.W.3d at 464-65 n.5).




                                             ROBERT G. DOWD, JR., Presiding Judge


Mary K. Hoff, J. and
Roy L. Richter, J., concur.




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