                             ILLINOIS OFFICIAL REPORTS
                                          Appellate Court



                           Atkinson v. Schelling, 2013 IL App (2d) 130140




Appellate Court              KORY ATKINSON, Petitioner-Appellant, v. JIM SCHELLING; THE
Caption                      VILLAGE OF ROSELLE MUNICIPAL OFFICERS’ ELECTORAL
                             BOARD; JOSEPH BONGIORNO, Member; KEVIN MILLON, Member;
                             BARBARA HOCHSTADT, Chairperson; THE DU PAGE COUNTY
                             ELECTION COMMISSION; and THE COOK COUNTY CLERK,
                             Respondents-Appellees.–KORY ATKINSON, Petitioner-Appellant, v.
                             JAMES “JIM” BANKS; THE VILLAGE OF ROSELLE MUNICIPAL
                             OFFICERS’ ELECTORAL BOARD; JOSEPH BONGIORNO, Member;
                             KEVIN MILLON, Member; BARBARA HOCHSTADT, Chairperson;
                             THE DU PAGE COUNTY ELECTION COMMISSION; and THE
                             COOK COUNTY CLERK, Respondents-Appellees.


District & No.               Second District
                             Docket Nos. 2-13-0140, 2-13-0141 cons.


Filed                        April 9, 2013


Held                         Petitioner’s objections that the nomination papers of two candidates for
(Note: This syllabus         mayor in a village election did not have the required number of signatures
constitutes no part of       were properly overruled by the electoral board, since the doctrine of
the opinion of the court     estoppel applied where both candidates reasonably relied on information
but has been prepared        provided by the village clerk as to the number of signatures required, and
by the Reporter of           even if estoppel did not apply, the candidates demonstrated a minimum
Decisions for the            appeal to the voters such that denying them access to the ballot would
convenience of the           penalize both the candidates and the voters.
reader.)


Decision Under               Appeal from the Circuit Court of Du Page County, Nos. 13-MR-125, 13-
Review                       MR-126; the Hon. Bonnie M. Wheaton, Judge, presiding.
Judgment                     Affirmed.


Counsel on                   Kory A. Atkinson, of Law Office of Kory Atkinson, of Bloomingdale, for
Appeal                       appellant.

                             Diane J. Blair, of Villa Park, for appellee James Banks.


Panel                        JUSTICE McLAREN delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
                             Justices Birkett and Spence concurred in the judgment and opinion.



                                              OPINION

¶1          Petitioner, Kory Atkinson, appeals from two separate orders of the trial court affirming
        decisions of the Village of Roselle Municipal Officers’ Electoral Board (Electoral Board)
        overruling objections to the nomination papers of Jim Schelling1 and James “Jim” Banks2
        (Candidates) for mayor of Roselle in the April 9, 2013, election. This court granted
        petitioner’s motion to accelerate the appeal. We consolidated these cases on appeal. For the
        reasons that follow, we affirm.

¶2                                        I. BACKGROUND
¶3          The following facts are not contested. The Candidates timely filed nomination papers to
        have their names appear on the ballot in the April 9, 2013, consolidated election, for the
        office of mayor of the Village of Roselle. Schelling’s papers contained 110 signatures and
        Banks’s papers contained 105 signatures. Petitioner filed separate objections to the
        Candidates’ nominating papers, arguing that the papers did not contain the minimum number
        of signatures required by section 10-3 of the Illinois Election Code (Election Code) (10 ILCS
        5/10-3 (West 2010)). Section 10-3 of the Election Code provided in relevant part:
            “Nominations of independent candidates for public office within any district or political
            subdivision less than the State, may be made by nomination papers signed in the
            aggregate for each candidate by qualified voters of such district, or political subdivision,
            equaling not less than 5%, nor more than 8% (or 50 more than the minimum, whichever
            is greater) of the number of persons, who voted at the next preceding regular election in
            such district or political subdivision in which such district or political subdivision voted


               1
                   Case number 13-MR-125; appeal number 2-13-0140.
               2
                   Case number 13-MR-126; appeal number 2-13-0141.

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         as a unit for the election of officers to serve its respective territorial area.” 10 ILCS 5/10-
         3 (West 2010).
¶4       Petitioner argued that 5% of the number of persons who cast ballots in the Village of
     Roselle in the April 5, 2011, consolidated election equaled 123 signatures. Petitioner argued
     that the Candidates’ names should not appear on the ballot because their nomination papers
     failed to include the minimum number of signatures and were, thus, invalid.
¶5       During the Electoral Board hearing, the Candidates testified that in filing their
     nomination papers they relied on a letter from Roselle village clerk, Patty Burns (Village
     Clerk). The letter stated in part:
              “It is the candidate’s responsibility to be knowledgeable of all election
              requirements, filing dates and other election related information. This packet is
              being provided as a courtesy from the Village Clerk’s office. You should seek legal
              counsel to insure you have all the documents and information you need.
                                                ***
                  ! Nominating petitions for Independent Mayor should have a minimum of 80
                      petition signatures with a maximum of 126 petition signatures.
                  ! Nominating petitions for Independent Clerk should have a minimum of 95
                      signatures with a maximum of 148 petition signatures.
                  ! Nominating petitions for Independent Village Trustee should have a
                      minimum of 115 signatures with a maximum of 180 petition signatures.”
¶6       The Candidates presented evidence and argued that the Village Clerk arrived at the
     number 80 by using the number of votes cast for the office of mayor in the last preceding
     election for that office. Schelling testified that he relied on “the results of the last preceding
     mayoral ballot” and the fact that the Village Clerk was a veteran and “knows what she’s
     doing.” Further, the Candidates testified that they also relied on information contained in the
     State of Illinois Candidate’s Guide (Candidate’s Guide) issued by the Illinois State Board of
     Elections, which provided:
         “For the number of signatures–candidates should contact the election authority or the
         local election official who is responsible for receiving the filing of the petition for
         nomination and/or election office for further information as to the specific number of
         signatures required on a nominating petition for a specific office (or for the data needed
         to calculate that number).”
¶7       The Electoral Board made the following determinations, relying on Merz v. Volberding,
     94 Ill. App. 3d 1111 (1981):
         “[T]he Village Clerk did provide the Candidate[s] information relative to the required
         minimum number of signatures required to be [candidates] for the Office of Mayor, and
         *** the Candidate[s] relied on this information in filing the Nominating Papers. ***
         [T]he Candidate[s] filed signatures in excess of the minimum number the Village Clerk
         stated were required, and by these signatures they had demonstrated at least minimal
         appeal to voters. *** [T]o deny the Candidate[s] a place on the ballot as a result of [their]
         reliance on the said information would penalize not only the Candidate[s], but also the

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           voters in the Village of Roselle [and] create an injustice not intended by the Election
           Code.”
¶8         The Electoral Board overruled petitioner’s objections “as a result of reliance on the
       information provided by the Village Clerk” and ordered the Candidates’ names to be
       included on the April 9, 2013, ballot. On February 7, 2013, the trial court affirmed the
       Electoral Board’s decisions, in separate orders. On February 11, 2013, petitioner timely filed
       separate notices of appeal. This court consolidated these cases on appeal.

¶9                                          II. ANALYSIS
¶ 10       On appeal, petitioner argues that the Electoral Board erred by determining that equitable
       estoppel applied in these cases, because: (1) section 10-3 of the Election Code is no longer
       ambiguous; and (2) this court has declined to follow Merz, the case relied on by the Electoral
       Board.
¶ 11       Judicial review of an electoral board’s decision is considered to be administrative review.
       Jackson v. Board of Election Commissioners, 2012 IL 111928, ¶ 46. On appeal in such a
       case, we review the decision of the electoral board, not the determination of the trial court.
       Id. As in the present case, where the facts are not in dispute but there is a dispute as to
       whether the governing legal provisions were interpreted correctly by the administrative body,
       the case presents a question of law, which we review de novo. Id. ¶ 47.
¶ 12        To invoke estoppel against a public body a litigant must establish an affirmative act on
       the part of the public body that induced substantial reliance. Heabler v. Municipal Officers
       Electoral Board, 338 Ill. App. 3d 1059, 1063 (2003).
¶ 13       The facts in these cases are almost identical to those in Merz, 94 Ill. App. 3d 1111. In
       Merz, objectors challenged the rights of three candidates to appear on the ballot for mayor
       of Des Plaines, claiming that the candidates’ petitions did not contain the minimum number
       of signatures required by section 10-3 of the Election Code. Id. at 1112. One of the
       candidates, Volberding, testified that he relied on an information sheet provided by the city
       clerk to determine the number of signatures required. Id. at 1113. The city clerk had
       interpreted section 10-3 improperly, providing the total of votes cast in the wrong election.
       Id. at 1116. The appellate court held that, because Volberding relied on the city clerk’s
       information sheet, estoppel was properly invoked and Volberding’s name should appear on
       the ballot. Id. at 1117.
¶ 14       As to the other two candidates, Seitz and Rohrbach, the Merz court held that estoppel did
       not apply because there was no evidence of reliance. Id. at 1118. However, the court held
       that, because Seitz and Rohrbach “demonstrated at least a minimal appeal to the voters,”
       their names should appear on the ballot. Id. The court reasoned that denying these candidates
       “access to the electoral ballot would be penalizing not only the candidates themselves, but
       also the voters in the City of Des Plaines.” Id. Regarding all three candidates, the court
       concluded that “the interests of justice will best be served by allowing the names of all three
       candidates to appear on the ballot.” Id.
¶ 15       The Candidates in this case, like Volberding in Merz, testified that they actually relied
       on the Village Clerk’s information. See id. at 1117. Further, the Candidate’s Guide directed

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       them to the Village Clerk’s office to determine the number of signatures required. Thus, we
       determine that the Candidates may invoke the doctrine of estoppel and that the Electoral
       Board properly ruled that their names should appear on the ballot.
¶ 16        Petitioner argues that estoppel is unavailable in these cases because section 10-3 is no
       longer ambiguous. Petitioner argues that the Merz court provided a definitive construction
       of section 10-3 such that estoppel is no longer available. However, the interpretation of
       section 10-3 in Merz was limited and did not address the ambiguity in this case. In Merz, the
       court interpreted the terms “political subdivision” and “district” to determine whether the
       legislature intended that the 1977 city-wide election or the 1979 aldermanic election was to
       be used as the basis for computing the signature requirement. Id. at 1114. In this case, there
       was evidence that the Village Clerk arrived at the number 80 because that was the number
       of votes cast only for the office of mayor in the last preceding election for that particular
       office. Thus, Merz did not address the statutory issue in this case, which involves the
       interpretation of “election of officers,” rather than the interpretation of the terms “political
       subdivision” and “district.” Accordingly, Merz does not preclude the Candidates in this case
       from invoking the doctrine of estoppel.
¶ 17        Petitioner argues that the Candidates did not establish reasonable reliance, because the
       Village Clerk’s letter provided a “warning.” Although the letter included a general
       disclaimer, the Candidate’s Guide directed the Candidates to the Village Clerk for “the
       specific number of signatures required on a nominating petition” and the Village Clerk’s
       letter provided the precise information they needed. In addition, the Candidates believed that
       the Village Clerk was a veteran and that she knew what she was doing. Thus, although the
       letter contained a general disclaimer, the Candidates reasonably relied on it.
¶ 18       Next, petitioner argues that equitable estoppel is unavailable in these cases because this
       court declined to follow Merz in Vestrup v. Du Page County Election Comm’n, 335 Ill. App.
       3d 156 (2002). In Vestrup this court held that, under section 10-2 of the Election Code, the
       Libertarian Party was not an “established political party” with respect to the 2002 general
       election, because of redistricting. Id. at 164. Because Vestrup interprets a different section
       of the Election Code from the section at issue here, it is distinguishable from this case.
¶ 19        We recognize that the Vestrup court stated that it “decline[d] to follow Merz.” Id. at 166.
       However, the court actually rejected the reasoning and not the holding of Merz; that is, the
       court rejected the Merz court’s estoppel rationale. Id. Because the Vestrup court did not reject
       the holding of Merz, stare decisis was not disturbed. See People v. Trimarco, 364 Ill. App.
       3d 549, 555 (2006) (McLaren, J., dissenting) (“Stare decisis is the doctrine of the courts to
       stand by precedent. The expression stare decisis is but an abbreviation of stare decisis et non
       quieta movere (to stand by or adhere to decisions and not disturb that which is settled). ***
       The doctrine is not stare dictis. It is not ‘to stand by or keep to what was said.’ The doctrine
       is not stare ratio decidendi or ‘keep to the reason for deciding of past cases.’ Rather a case
       is important only for what it decides: for ‘the what,’ not for ‘the why,’ and not for ‘the how.’
       *** Thus, stare decisis means what the court did, not what it said.” (Emphasis omitted.)).
       Accordingly, because the holding of Merz has not been disturbed, the facts in this case are
       almost identical to those in Merz, and Merz is persuasive authority for the case at bar, we
       adopt the holding of Merz.

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¶ 20       Further, nothing in section 10-3 addresses what the remedy is for noncompliance with
       section 10-3; the section is silent regarding this issue. McNamara v. Oak Lawn Municipal
       Officers Electoral Board, 356 Ill. App. 3d 961, 967 (2005). Although petitioner urges us to
       keep the Candidates off the ballot, “[w]e will not read a remedy into a statute that fails to
       provide for one, particularly a drastic remedy that deprives a citizen of the right to run for
       office.” Id.
¶ 21       In addition, even if estoppel did not apply to the Candidates in this case, they have
       demonstrated at least a minimal appeal to the voters. Merz, 94 Ill. App. 3d at 1118. In Merz,
       the court held that 550 of the 778 signatures required demonstrated a minimal appeal to the
       voters such that their names should appear on the ballot. Id. at 1113, 1118. The disparity in
       this case is lower. Schelling and Banks filed 110 and 105 signatures, respectively, where 123
       signatures were required. Thus, although the Candidates did not file a sufficient number of
       signatures, they have demonstrated at least a minimal appeal to the voters. It is a fundamental
       principle that access to a place on the ballot is a substantial right and not lightly to be denied.
       Nolan v. Cook County Officers Electoral Board, 329 Ill. App. 3d 52, 55 (2002). Denying the
       Candidates access to the electoral ballot would penalize not only the Candidates but also the
       voters in the Village of Roselle. Merz, 94 Ill. App. 3d at 1118.

¶ 22                                   III. CONCLUSION
¶ 23       For these reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Du Page County is affirmed.

¶ 24       Affirmed.




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