Filed 9/29/15 Paul v. Super. Ct. CA4/1
                      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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                    COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                   DIVISION ONE

                                           STATE OF CALIFORNIA



PARMINDER PAUL,                                                  D068866

         Petitioner,                                             (San Diego County
                                                                 Super. Ct. No. DS543327)
         v.

THE SUPERIOR COURT OF SAN
DIEGO COUNTY,

         Respondent;


KIRSTEN PAUL,

         Real Party in Interest.


         ORIGINAL PRODEEDING in mandate. Paula S. Rosenstein, Judge. Petition

granted.


         Borchard & Callahan, Janelle M. Dease, Law Offices of Michael Jason Lee, and

Michael Jason Lee for petitioner.


         No appearance for respondent.

         Linda Cianciolo for real party in interest.
       Petitioner Parminder Paul challenges by petition for writ of mandate respondent's

September 17, 2015, order purporting to commence the 30-day stay of an order allowing

removal of a minor child from the state (Code Civ. Proc., § 917.7) before the formal

order allowing his ex-wife, real party in interest Kirsten Paul, to move their minor

daughter to Michigan was signed and filed. We grant the petition.

                                     BACKGROUND

       Parminder and Kirsten are divorced and have been unable to agree on the custody

of their minor daughter, Jasmine. Respondent Superior Court of San Diego County (the

family court) held an evidentiary hearing and, on August 19, 2015, granted Kirsten's

request that she be permitted to move Jasmine to Michigan. Kirsten's counsel agreed to

prepare the formal order granting the move-away request. The unsigned minutes of the

hearing state that "[t]he move away is granted" and, inaccurately, that Parminder would

prepare the formal order.

       Kirsten's counsel drafted a proposed order stating Jasmine was to be returned to

Kirsten in Michigan on September 18, 2015, and sent it to Parminder's counsel for

review. Parminder's counsel objected to the proposed order on the basis that the return

date conflicted with the 30-day stay of move-away orders provided by Code of Civil

Procedure section 917.7, which, counsel contended, would not begin to run until the

formal order was filed. Kirsten then filed an ex parte application with the family court on

September 16, seeking clarification of the move-away order, specifically as to when the

30-day stay commenced and when Jasmine was to return to Michigan. The court granted

the application on September 17, and "to clarify any confusion," ordered that the 30-day

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stay commenced on August 19 and Jasmine was to return to Michigan no later than

September 18.

       Parminder promptly petitioned this court for a writ of mandate and requested an

immediate stay. He argued Jasmine could not be required to return to Michigan on

September 18, 2015, because the 30-day stay of Code of Civil Procedure section 917.7

did not begin to run on August 19 and would not do so until the formal order, which

Kirsten's counsel agreed to prepare, was signed and filed. We stayed the family court's

orders to the extent they purported to require Jasmine to return to Michigan by September

18, obtained a response from Kirsten, and advised the parties we were considering

issuance of a peremptory writ in the first instance. (See Palma v. U.S. Industrial

Fasteners, Inc. (1984) 36 Cal.3d 171, 180.)

                                      DISCUSSION

       The family court clearly intended to start the 30-day stay period running on

August 19, 2015, and the record suggests both Parminder and Kirsten knew this, but the

court never entered an order sufficient to trigger the stay. A postjudgment order allowing

removal of a minor child from the state is stayed "for a period of 30 calendar days from

the entry of judgment or order." (Code Civ. Proc., § 917.7, italics added.) None of the

family court's rulings constituted the required "entry" of a move-away "order."

       The move-away ruling made orally at the August 19, 2015 custody hearing did not

constitute entry of an order, because an "order" is a "direction of a court or judge, made

in writing." (Code Civ. Proc., § 1003, italics added; see In re Marcus (2006) 138

Cal.App.4th 1009, 1016 ["a writing is essential to avoid the uncertainty that can arise

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when attempting to enforce an oral ruling"].) "A trial court's oral ruling on a motion does

not become effective until it is filed in writing with the clerk or entered in the minutes."

(In re Marriage of Drake (1997) 53 Cal.App.4th 1139, 1170.) The minutes of the August

19 hearing do state that "[t]he move away is granted," and ordinarily "[t]he entry date of

an appealable order that is entered in the minutes is the date it is entered in the permanent

minutes." (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.104(c)(2); see In re Marcus, supra, at p. 1016

[order "may be set forth in detail in the court's minutes"]; In re Marriage of Lasich (2002)

99 Cal.App.4th 702, 705, fn. 1 [postjudgment move-away order is appealable].) "But if

the minute order directs that a written order be prepared, the entry date is the date the

signed order is filed . . . ." (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.104(c)(2), italics added.) At the

end of the August 19 hearing, Kirsten's counsel agreed to prepare a formal move-away

order, and the family court's minutes state an order was to be prepared (although they

incorrectly identify Parminder as the preparer). Where, as here, "the trial court's minute

order expressly indicates that a written order will be filed, only the written order is the

effective order." (In re Marriage of Drake, supra, at p. 1170, italics added.) Because no

such order has ever been filed, the 30-day stay of Code of Civil Procedure section 917.7

has not yet commenced.

       To correct the family court's error in ruling the stay began to run on August 19,

2015, issuance of a peremptory writ in the first instance is appropriate. The material facts

are not in dispute, the applicable law is settled, Parminder is clearly entitled to relief, the

need for final resolution of Jasmine's custody is urgent, and no useful purpose would be

served by plenary consideration of the issue. (See Code Civ. Proc., § 1088; Lewis v.

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Superior Court (1999) 19 Cal.4th 1232, 1240-1241; Jane J. v. Superior Court (2015) 237

Cal.App.4th 894, 909-910.)

                                        DISPOSITION

       Let a writ issue commanding respondent, immediately upon receipt of the writ, to:

(1) vacate its September 17, 2015 order granting real party in interest's ex parte

application and purporting to clarify the August 19 move-away order; (2) enter a new

order denying that application; and (3) prepare, sign, file, and serve a formal order

memorializing the move-away and other orders made at the August 19 hearing. The

temporary stay issued by this court on September 18 is dissolved. In the interests of

justice, this opinion shall be final as to this court upon filing, and the parties shall bear

their own costs. (Cal. Rules of Court, rules 8.490(b)(2)(A), 8.493(a)(1)(B).)




                                                                                      IRION, J.

WE CONCUR:



              MCCONNELL, P. J.



                  MCDONALD, J.




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