                                                                            FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                            MAY 31 2016
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS


                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT


SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES,                      No. 14-35793
INC., an Oregon corporation and MMGL
CORP., a Washington corporation,                 D.C. No. 3:10-cv-01174-MO

              Plaintiffs - Appellees,
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
 v.

CONTINENTAL CASUALTY
COMPANY, an Illinois corporation and
TRANSPORTATION INSURANCE
COMPANY, an Illinois corporation,

              Defendants - Appellants.



SCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES,                      No. 15-35101
INC., an Oregon corporation and MMGL
CORP., a Washington corporation,                 D.C. No. 3:10-cv-01174-MO

              Plaintiffs - Appellees,

 v.

CONTINENTAL CASUALTY
COMPANY, an Illinois corporation and
TRANSPORTATION INSURANCE
COMPANY, an Illinois corporation,

        *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
              Defendants - Appellants.


                  Appeal from the United States District Court
                           for the District of Oregon
               Michael W. Mosman, Chief District Judge, Presiding

                        Argued and Submitted May 2, 2016
                                Portland, Oregon

Before: GOODWIN, TALLMAN, and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges.

      Continental Casualty Co. and Transportation Insurance Co. (collectively,

“Continental”) appeal from the district court’s denial of judgment as a matter of

law and award of attorney fees in favor of Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc. and

MMGL Corp. (collectively, “Schnitzer”). In this diversity action, Schnitzer alleges

that Continental breached its contractual obligation by failing to pay Schnitzer’s

reasonable and necessary defense costs in litigation concerning the Portland Harbor

Superfund Site. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We affirm.

      The district court did not err by denying Continental’s renewed motion for

judgment as a matter of law because the jury could reasonably have found from the

evidence that no reasonable effort to locate competent non-local counsel willing to

represent Schnitzer at local rates could have been successful. See Martin v. Cal.

Dep’t of Veterans Affairs, 560 F.3d 1042, 1046 (9th Cir. 2009) (standard of review;

district court should grant a renewed motion for judgment as a matter of law only

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“if the evidence permits only one conclusion and that conclusion is contrary to the

jury’s verdict”).

      The district court did not err by awarding prejudgment interest to Schnitzer

under Oregon Revised Statutes § 82.010(1)(a) because the jury decided issues of

fact establishing that Continental owed “sums certain at dates certain.” Strader v.

Grange Mut. Ins. Co., 39 P.3d 903, 909 (Or. Ct. App. 2002) (citation and internal

quotation marks omitted); see also In re Merrill Lynch Relocation Mgmt., Inc., 812

F.2d 1116, 1119 (9th Cir. 1987) (standard of review). Damages therefore were

“ascertainable” for purposes of calculating prejudgment interest, as required by

Public Market Co. of Portland v. City of Portland, 138 P.2d 916, 918 (Or. 1943).

See Strader, 39 P.3d at 909.

      The district court did not err by awarding Schnitzer declaratory relief. See

Wagner v. Prof’l Eng’rs in Cal. Gov’t, 354 F.3d 1036, 1040 (9th Cir. 2004)

(standard of review). First, even if Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 52(a) required

the district court to make findings of fact, any error was harmless because the

jury’s findings supported the declaratory judgment. See Fed. Trade Comm’n v.

Enforma Nat. Prods. Inc., 362 F.3d 1204, 1212 (9th Cir. 2004) (“A failure to

comply with Rule 52(a) does not require reversal unless a full understanding of the

question is not possible without the aid of separate findings.”). Second, the


                                          3
judgment did not improperly deny Continental discretion over future costs; rather,

it ordered Continental to pay reasonable defense costs consistent with the jury’s

findings. Finally, to the extent that the judgment had the practical effect of

awarding injunctive relief, the district court may award such relief where, as here, a

party was “aware of the possibility and had an opportunity to be heard.”

Penthouse Int’l, Ltd. v. Barnes, 792 F.2d 943, 950 (9th Cir. 1986).

      The district court did not err in awarding attorney fees to Schnitzer under

Oregon Revised Statutes § 742.061. See In re Merrill Lynch Relocation Mgmt.,

Inc., 812 F.2d at 1119 (standard of review). Because § 742.061 requires an award

of fees to an insured when “recovery exceeds the amount of any tender made by

the defendant in such an action,” it constitutes substantive law. Or. Rev. Stat.

§ 742.061(1); see Chambers v. NASCO, Inc., 501 U.S. 32, 52 (1991) (states’ fee-

shifting rules constitute substantive law when they “embody a substantive policy,

such as a statute which permits a prevailing party in certain classes of litigation to

recover fees”). Consequently, the district court was bound under the Erie doctrine

to apply § 742.061. See In re Merrill Lynch Relocation Mgmt., Inc., 812 F.2d at

1120-21 (absent conflict with federal rules, statutes, or policies, a federal court

sitting in diversity is bound to apply state substantive law).

      AFFIRMED.


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