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                                                               No. 99-453

                          IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA

                                                              2000 MT 162

                                                             300 Mont. 278

                                                               3 P. 3d 647

                                       GERALD S. DITTO and MARJORIE DITTO,

                                                    Plaintiffs and Respondents,

                                                                      v.

                                    DEAN KIPP, CHERYL KIPP, DAVID CARSON,

                                     HOLLY CARSON, ASSOCIATES FINANCIAL

                                     SERVICES COMPANY OF MONTANA, INC.,

                                         FIRST MONTANA TITLE OF HELENA,

                                      LEWIS AND CLARK COUNTY, MONTANA,

                                              and JOHN DOES 1 THROUGH 10,

                                                    Defendants and Appellants.

                                         DAVID CARSON and HOLLY CARSON,

                                                Counterclaimants and Appellants,

                                                                      v.

                                       GERALD S. DITTO and MARJORIE DITTO,

                                             Counterdefendants and Respondents.


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                                         DAVID CARSON and HOLLY CARSON,

                                                            Cross-claimants,

                                                                      v.

                                    DEAN KIPP, CHERYL KIPP, DAVID CARSON,

                                     HOLLY CARSON, ASSOCIATES FINANCIAL

                                     SERVICES COMPANY OF MONTANA, INC.,

                                        FIRST MONTANA TITLE COMPANY OF

                                       HELENA, LEWIS AND CLARK COUNTY,

                                     MONTANA and JOHN DOES 1 THROUGH 10,

                                                           Cross-defendants.

                             APPEAL FROM: District Court of the First Judicial District,

                                          In and for the County of Lewis and Clark,

                                   The Honorable Dorothy McCarter, Judge presiding.

                                                     COUNSEL OF RECORD:

                                                             For Appellants:

                                Robert T. Cummins, Attorney at Law, Helena, Montana

                                                           For Respondents:

                              John H. Grant, Jackson, Murdo, Grant & McFarland, P.C.,

                                                           Helena, Montana

                                              Submitted on Briefs: March 9, 2000

                                                       Decided: June 20, 2000

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                                                                    Filed:

                                    __________________________________________

                                                                     Clerk



Justice Jim Regnier delivered the opinion of the Court.

¶1 David and Holly Carson appeal from the Order on Motion for Summary Judgment
issued by the First Judicial District Court, Lewis and Clark County. We affirm.

¶2 The Carsons raise the following issue: Whether the District Court erred in granting
partial summary judgment in favor of the Dittos?

                                                          BACKGROUND

¶3 On June 28, 1991, Rosemary Sewell entered into a Contract for Sale of Cabin with
Dean and Cheryl Kipp. Sewell agreed to sell and assign to the Kipps property described as
a "cabin, all structures and improvements as well as the leasehold on the property known
and described as Canyon Ferry Cabin Site #92." The parties also entered into a Security
Agreement with respect to both the cabin and the leasehold, and a Financing Statement
was filed with the Secretary of State on July 3, 1991.

¶4 On January 26, 1994, Sewell assigned her interest in the contract for sale to Gerald and
Marjorie Ditto. On February 15, 1994, a Notice of Assignment of Vendor's Interest Under
Contract for Sale of Cabin reflecting Sewell's assignment of her interest in the contract for
sale to the Dittos was filed with the Clerk and Recorder of Lewis and Clark County. The
Dittos filed a Financing Statement with the Clerk and Recorder of Lewis and Clark
County on March 22, 1994. Another Financing Statement was filed with the Clerk and
Recorder on July 8, 1996.

¶5 Kipps defaulted on their payments on the contract for sale and failed to pay property
taxes on the cabin. According to the tax deed issued on October 21, 1997, Lewis and Clark
County attached a property tax lien to the property because of unpaid taxes. A certificate
of tax sale was issued to Lewis and Clark County. The County assigned the certificate to
the Carsons who purchased the property tax lien by paying the property taxes owed and

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mailed notice of the pending tax deed to various interested parties, but not to the Dittos.
The Carsons also published notice of the pending tax deed. On October 21, 1997, the
County issued a tax deed to David and Holly Carson.

¶6 On May 21, 1998, the Dittos filed a complaint in the First Judicial District Court, Lewis
and Clark County, alleging, inter alia, that the Kipps had defaulted on the contract for sale
and seeking to repossess the collateral, and also contending that the Carsons' notice of the
issuance of a tax deed was insufficient because Dittos did not receive notice by certified
mail. The Kipps failed to appear and the court issued a default judgment against them on
July 13, 1998. On February 8, 1999, the Dittos filed a Motion for Summary Judgment. The
parties briefed the motion and the court heard oral argument on April 14, 1999. On July 9,
1999, the District Court granted partial summary judgment in favor of the Dittos,
concluding that the tax deed issued by Lewis and Clark County to the Carsons was void
because the Dittos were entitled to, but did not receive, notice of the issuance of the
pending tax deed pursuant to § 15-18-212(1), MCA. The Carsons appeal.

                                                  STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶7 We review a district court order granting summary judgment de novo applying the
same evaluation as the district court pursuant to Rule 56, M.R.Civ.P. See Bruner v.
Yellowstone County (1995), 272 Mont. 261, 264, 900 P.2d 901, 903. In Bruner, we set
forth our inquiry:

        The movant must demonstrate that no genuine issues of material fact exist. Once
        this has been accomplished, the burden then shifts to the non-moving party to prove,
        by more than mere denial and speculation, that a genuine issue does exist. Having
        determined that genuine issues of fact do not exist, the court must then determine
        whether the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. We review the
        legal determinations made by a district court as to whether the court erred.

Bruner, 272 Mont. at 264-65, 900 P.2d at 903 (citations omitted).

                                                             DISCUSSION

¶8 Whether the District Court erred in granting partial summary judgment in favor of the
Dittos?



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¶9 The District Court concluded that the Dittos' interest in the cabin and leasehold were
properly recorded and, as a result, they were entitled as "interested parties" to notice of the
pending issuance of the tax deed pursuant to § 15-18-212(1), MCA. The court held that
the tax deed issued by Lewis and Clark County to the Carsons was void because the Dittos
did not receive notice of its issuance.

¶10 On appeal, the Carsons contend that the Dittos were not entitled to notice of the tax
deed by certified mail as required under § 15-18-212, MCA, because they failed to file
their claimed secured interest in the cabin with the proper filing authority to secure their
interest under the Uniform Commercial Code. The Carsons' argument is as follows. The
original seller, Sewell, filed a UCC financing statement with the Secretary of State with an
expiration date of July 3, 1996. Sewell assigned this security interest to the Dittos, but the
Dittos never renewed the financing statement. Instead, the Dittos erroneously filed UCC
financing statements with the Clerk and Recorder of Lewis and Clark County.
Accordingly, Sewell's filing, and thus the Dittos' security interest, lapsed. As a result, the
Dittos were not interested parties entitled to notice.

¶11 We have previously held that an interested party's right of redemption continues until
such time as proper notice is given and that failure to provide proper notice renders a tax
deed void. See Kneedler v. League Wide, Inc., 1999 MT 80, ¶ 16, 294 Mont. 101, ¶ 16,
979 P.2d 163, ¶ 16. Section 15-18-212, MCA, requires that the purchaser or assignee of a
tax sale certificate notify "all persons considered interested parties in the property, if any,
that a tax deed will be issued to the purchaser or assignee unless the property tax lien is
redeemed prior to the expiration date of the redemption period." (Emphasis added.) In
order to comply with this requirement, the purchaser must notify interested parties by
certified mail, return receipt requested. Section 15-18-212(4), MCA.

¶12 Whether the Dittos were entitled to notice by certified mail depends on whether they
were "interested parties." An interested party for purposes of the tax lien redemption
provisions includes a "vendor of a contract for deed or the vendor's successor in
interest . . . or other person who has a properly recorded interest in the property" but does
not include "[a] person who has an interest in property on which there is a property tax
lien but which interest is not properly recorded." Section 15-18-111, MCA. Consequently,
the Dittos were entitled to notice if their interest in the cabin and leasehold was "properly
recorded."

¶13 The statutory provisions governing the recording of interests in real property are


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contained in Title 70, Chapter 21 of the Montana Code. Section 70-21-201(1), MCA,
provides that "[a]ny instrument or judgment affecting the title to or possession of real
property may be recorded under this part." The contract for sale between Sewell and the
Kipps, as well as Sewell's assignment of her interest to the Dittos, affected title to or
possession of the cabin and leasehold at issue. For instance, the provisions of the contract
for sale include a transfer of possession and a right to repossess on default.

¶14 The issue then becomes whether the cabin and leasehold are "real property." Real
property, as defined under Title 70, includes land, that which is "affixed to land," and that
which is "incidental or appurtenant to land." Section 70-1-106, MCA. A leasehold interest
in land is an estate for years which is classified as an interest in real property. See § 70-15-
202(3), MCA. The cabin is real property if it is affixed, incidental, or appurtenant to land.
"Affixed to land" has been defined as things which are "permanently resting upon [land],
as in the case of buildings." Section 70-15-103(3), MCA. Accordingly, an instrument
affecting title to or possession of the cabin and leasehold is an interest in real property
which may be recorded.

¶15 The remaining issue is whether that interest was properly recorded. "Instruments
entitled to be recorded must be recorded by the county clerk of the county in which the
real property affected thereby is situated." Section 70-21-208, MCA. An instrument is
deemed recorded when "being duly acknowledged or proved and certified, it is deposited
in the county clerk's office with the proper officer of record." Section 70-21-209, MCA. In
order for the Dittos to be "interested parties" who are entitled to notice by certified mail of
the issuance of a tax deed, an instrument describing their interest in the cabin and
leasehold must have been deposited in the Clerk and Recorder's office of Lewis and Clark
County. In this regard, the Dittos refer us to the Notice of Assignment of Vendor's Interest
under Contract for Sale of Cabin recorded by the Clerk and Recorder of Lewis and Clark
County on February 15, 1994. This instrument reflects the Dittos' interest as assignees of
the vendor's interest in the contract for sale of the cabin and leasehold.

¶16 We conclude that the Dittos' interest in the cabin and leasehold as reflected in the
Notice of Assignment of Vendor's Interest under Contract for Sale of Cabin is an interest
in real property which was properly deposited in the appropriate county clerk's office
pursuant to § 70-21-208 and -209, MCA. Accordingly, the Dittos were interested parties
entitled to notice by certified mail pursuant to § 15-18-212, MCA. The Carsons did not
notify the Dittos by certified mail of the pending issuance of the tax deed. As an interested
party entitled to notice, the Dittos' right to redeem the property tax lien on the cabin and

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leasehold continues indefinitely until such notice is given. See Kneedler, ¶ 16.
Furthermore, the tax deed issued by Lewis and Clark County is void for failure to comply
with the notice provisions of § 15-18-212, MCA. See Kneedler, ¶ 16.

¶17 Affirmed.

                                                         /S/ JIM REGNIER

                                                               We Concur:

                                                        /S/ J. A. TURNAGE

                                                /S/ WILLIAM E. HUNT, SR.

                                                      /S/ KARLA M. GRAY

                                               /S/ W. WILLIAM LEAPHART




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