MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                       FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                   Dec 17 2019, 8:47 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any                                    CLERK
court except for the purpose of establishing                             Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                            Court of Appeals
the defense of res judicata, collateral                                       and Tax Court

estoppel, or the law of the case.


ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                   ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Cara Schaefer Wieneke                                    Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Wieneke Law Office, LLC                                  Attorney General
Brooklyn, Indiana
                                                         Natalie F. Weiss
                                                         Deputy Attorney General
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana


                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In the Matter of the Termination                         December 17, 2019
of the Parent-Child Relationship,                        Court of Appeals Case No.
O.W., Minor Child,                                       19A-JT-1911
E.S., Mother,                                            Appeal from the Knox Superior
                                                         Court
Appellant-Respondent,
                                                         The Honorable Gara U. Lee,
        v.                                               Judge
                                                         Trial Court Cause No.
Indiana Department of Child                              42D01-1811-JT-31
Services,
Appellee-Petitioner.



Brown, Judge.



Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1911 | December 17, 2019                Page 1 of 11
[1]   E.S. (“Mother”) appeals the involuntary termination of her parental rights to

      her child, O.W. We affirm.


                                        Facts and Procedural History

[2]   Mother has three sons, O.W., who was born on June 23, 2009, S.W., who was

      born on February 8, 2007, and N.W. 1 On January 27, 2016, the father of S.W.

      and O.W. died.


[3]   In August 2016, the Indiana Department of Child Services (“DCS”) received a

      report alleging S.W. was the victim of neglect and a separate report alleging

      O.W. was the victim of physical abuse by Mother when she hit him with a

      hanger resulting in an injury to O.W.’s lip, tongue, and tooth. On August 31,

      2016, DCS filed a request for authorization to file a petition alleging O.W. was

      a child in need of services (“CHINS”).


[4]   On August 31, 2016, the court entered an order authorizing DCS to take O.W.

      into immediate protective custody and to file a petition. That same day, DCS

      filed a verified petition alleging O.W. to be a CHINS which mentioned the

      physical abuse and that the home was covered in trash and food, the home had

      animal feces and roaches, the walls had holes, multiple knives were lying within

      reach of the children, and there was a lack of food.




      1
        Family Case Manager Vanessa Luchtefeld testified that there were originally three children involved and
      that the eldest child, N.W., was adjudicated a child in need of services and “aged out.” Transcript Volume II
      at 63.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1911 | December 17, 2019                Page 2 of 11
[5]   On December 9, 2016, the court entered an order finding Mother had signed a

      stipulation to an adjudication of CHINS and adjudicated O.W. a CHINS. On

      January 6, 2017, the court entered a dispositional order which ordered Mother

      to: contact the family case manager every week; notify the family case manager

      of any changes in address, household composition, employment, or telephone

      number within five days; allow the family case manager or other service

      providers to make announced or unannounced visits to her home; enroll in

      programs recommended by the family case manager or other service provider;

      maintain all appointments with any service provider; maintain suitable, safe,

      and stable housing; secure and maintain a legal and stable source of income;

      refrain from using any illegal controlled substances or alcohol; obey the law;

      complete a parenting assessment; submit to random drug screens; attend all

      scheduled visitations with O.W.; and comply with all visitation rules. On

      November 27, 2018, DCS filed a verified petition for involuntary termination of

      the parent-child relationship between O.W. and Mother.


[6]   On April 17 and 25, 2019, the court held a factfinding hearing. The court

      indicated it was holding a consolidated hearing for cause number 42D02-1811-

      JT-31, related to O.W., and cause number 42D01-1811-JT-30 (“Cause No.

      30”), related to the termination of Mother’s parental rights to S.W. Mother

      testified that she had pending charges of battery and two counts of theft. She

      testified that she had been homeless, another family took her in “for a little bit,”

      and that she had been “pretty much couch surfing.” Transcript Volume II at




      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1911 | December 17, 2019   Page 3 of 11
      34. When asked if she did not have stable housing for the children at the time,

      she answered, “Yeah, obviously.” Id. at 48.


[7]   When asked about her work history, she stated that she worked at Progress,

      Comfort Suites, Farbest, McAllister’s Deli, McDonalds, and Perdue, that she

      quit her job at Farbest, and that she was currently employed at Vuteg Toyota.

      When asked how long she stayed at each of those jobs, she answered “a couple

      months, two, three months . . . [a]t least three months.” Id. at 36. Mother

      admitted to using illegal substances including methamphetamine and marijuana

      since January 2017, to testing positive for methamphetamine on March 15,

      2019, and to failing to routinely submit to random drug screens.


[8]   Family Case Manager Vanessa Luchtefeld (“FCM Luchtefeld”) testified that

      she received the case in May 2018, detailed the services she provided to

      Mother, and indicated that Mother had not met any of the goals for

      reunification. She indicated that Mother periodically submitted to random drug

      screens and tested positive for methamphetamine and THC. She testified that

      S.W. has serious behavioral issues, attempted to commit suicide, was placed in

      Gibault, and received therapeutic services. She stated that O.W. sees a

      therapist for behavior issues once every three months and was on medication.

      She indicated that she did not believe that there is a probability that Mother has

      remedied the situation that led to the children’s removal.

      When asked why not, she answered: “Due to the history of her relapsing

      numerous times. Not being able to obtain or maintain housing, employment,

      and the continuance of the criminal history that keeps occurring.” Id. at 69.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1911 | December 17, 2019   Page 4 of 11
       She stated that O.W. was in a relative placement and they were willing to adopt

       him, and that S.W. was adoptable and DCS has services and programs that will

       assist helping S.W. find a permanent home. She indicated that termination of

       Mother’s parental rights was in the children’s best interests and that returning

       the children to Mother will be a threat to their well-being.


[9]    Upon cross-examination by Mother’s counsel, FCM Luchtefeld indicated that

       S.W. had been at Gibault since December 2018 and had been in approximately

       seven or eight different homes or placements since his removal, and that O.W.

       was residing with his maternal uncle. She testified that N.W. had no

       communication with S.W. or O.W. since he turned eighteen years old. On

       redirect examination, she stated that the relationship between S.W. and O.W.

       was “pretty rocky” when she received the case but had improved. Id. at 78.

       She indicated that S.W. and O.W. could potentially write, call, or see each

       other again. Upon questioning by the court, she stated that placement of S.W.

       with the maternal uncle was a possibility, that the uncle had “been on the fence

       about it,” and that he wanted to ensure that S.W. was able to maintain his

       behaviors and utilize coping techniques. Id. at 81.


[10]   Family Case Manager Tiffany Shepherd testified that S.W. was initially placed

       with his maternal uncle but was removed after he hit his uncle’s pregnant

       girlfriend in the stomach. She indicated that S.W. had other placements and

       was eventually placed in Mother’s care until she had a positive drug screen in

       August 2017 for methamphetamine and marijuana. She stated that S.W. had



       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1911 | December 17, 2019   Page 5 of 11
       been diagnosed with ADHD, anxiety, and depression, and that O.W. had been

       diagnosed with ADHD.


[11]   Emma Marsh, a visit supervisor and parent aide at Rain Tree Consulting,

       testified that she took over the case in December 2018 when Mother was

       homeless, that Mother was not compliant with visits, and that Mother had four

       jobs during the four months she worked with her and had not been employed

       the entire time.


[12]   Court Appointed Special Advocate Cheryl Hugunin testified that she had

       concerns regarding reunifying the children with Mother because she did not

       have stable housing or stable employment, she had positive drug screens, and

       the mental health issues of Mother and the children needed to be addressed.

       She testified that she believed that “it was an abusive relationship to begin with,

       and I don’t think that that has been resolved.” Id. at 133.


[13]   On July 19, 2019, the court terminated Mother’s parental rights to O.W. 2 The

       court found that O.W. was removed from Mother’s care due to her mental

       instability, instances of physical abuse, and deplorable home conditions. It

       found that Mother had a pending charge of battery resulting in bodily injury to

       a person under fourteen years old as a level 5 felony and violated her pretrial

       release on three separate occasions for positive drug screens as well as being

       arrested for additional charges. It found that Mother continued to engage in



       2
           The court also terminated Mother’s parental rights to S.W. in a separate order under Cause No. 30.


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1911 | December 17, 2019                 Page 6 of 11
       acts that resulted in criminal charges throughout the underlying case including

       two pending charges of theft as level 6 felonies. The court detailed her

       residential instability, employment instability, and drug use. It found that O.W.

       had been removed from Mother’s care for more than six months, there was a

       reasonable probability that the conditions which resulted in O.W.’s removal

       and continued placement outside the home would not be remedied,

       continuation of the parent-child relationship posed a threat to O.W.’s well-

       being, termination of parental rights was in O.W.’s best interests, and there was

       a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the child.


                                                   Discussion

[14]   The issue is whether the evidence is sufficient to support the termination of

       Mother’s parental rights. In order to terminate a parent-child relationship, DCS

       is required to allege and prove, among other things:


               (B) that one (1) of the following is true:

                        (i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions
                        that resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for
                        placement outside the home of the parents will not be
                        remedied.

                        (ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation
                        of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-
                        being of the child.

                        (iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been
                        adjudicated a child in need of services;

               (C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1911 | December 17, 2019   Page 7 of 11
               (D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of
               the child.


       Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2). If the court finds that the allegations in a petition

       described in Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4 are true, the court shall terminate the parent-

       child relationship. Ind. Code § 31-35-2-8(a).


[15]   The State’s burden of proof for establishing the allegations in termination cases

       “is one of ‘clear and convincing evidence.’” In re G.Y., 904 N.E.2d 1257, 1260-

       1261 (Ind. 2009) (quoting Ind. Code § 31-37-14-2), reh’g denied. This is “a

       ‘heightened burden of proof’ reflecting termination’s ‘serious social

       consequences.’” In re E.M., 4 N.E.3d 636, 642 (Ind. 2014) (quoting In re G.Y.,

       904 N.E.2d at 1260-1261, 1260 n.1). “But weighing the evidence under that

       heightened standard is the trial court’s prerogative—in contrast to our well-

       settled, highly deferential standard of review.” Id. We do not reweigh the

       evidence or determine the credibility of witnesses, but consider only the

       evidence that supports the judgment and the reasonable inferences to be drawn

       from the evidence. Id. We confine our review to two steps: whether the

       evidence clearly and convincingly supports the findings, and then whether the

       findings clearly and convincingly support the judgment. Id.


[16]   Reviewing whether the evidence clearly and convincingly supports the findings,

       or the findings clearly and convincingly support the judgment, is not a license to

       reweigh the evidence. Id. “[W]e do not independently determine whether that

       heightened standard is met, as we would under the ‘constitutional harmless

       error standard,’ which requires the reviewing court itself to ‘be sufficiently
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1911 | December 17, 2019   Page 8 of 11
       confident to declare the error harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.’” Id.

       (quoting Harden v. State, 576 N.E.2d 590, 593 (Ind. 1991) (citing Chapman v.

       California, 386 U.S. 18, 87 S. Ct. 824 (1967))). “Our review must ‘give “due

       regard” to the trial court’s opportunity to judge the credibility of the witnesses

       firsthand,’ and ‘not set aside [its] findings or judgment unless clearly

       erroneous.’” Id. (quoting K.T.K. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child Servs., Dearborn Cty. Office,

       989 N.E.2d 1225, 1229 (Ind. 2013) (citing Ind. Trial Rule 52(A))). “Because a

       case that seems close on a ‘dry record’ may have been much more clear-cut in

       person, we must be careful not to substitute our judgment for the trial court

       when reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence.” Id. at 640. The involuntary

       termination statute is written in the disjunctive and requires proof of only one of

       the circumstances listed in Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B).


[17]   Mother expressly states that she does not dispute that DCS proved that there

       was a reasonable probability the conditions that resulted in the removal or the

       reasons for the child being placed outside her home will not be remedied, that

       continuation of the relationship posed a threat to the O.W.’s well-being, or that

       there was a satisfactory plan for the child’s care and treatment. Rather, Mother

       asserts that DCS failed to carry its burden with respect to whether termination

       was in O.W.’s best interest. She contends that stability and permanency should

       not be the only considerations, particularly when O.W. has a sibling. Without

       citation to the record, she asserts that she was doing well at the time of the

       termination hearing and allowing her additional time to work toward




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1911 | December 17, 2019   Page 9 of 11
       reunification would have provided the brothers an opportunity for their sibling

       relationship to remain intact.


[18]   In determining what is in the best interests of a child, the trial court is required

       to look beyond the factors identified by DCS and to the totality of the evidence.

       McBride v. Monroe Cty. Office of Family & Children, 798 N.E.2d 185, 203 (Ind. Ct.

       App. 2003). In so doing, the court must subordinate the interests of the parent

       to those of the children. Id. Children have a paramount need for permanency

       which the Indiana Supreme Court has called a central consideration in

       determining the child’s best interests, and the Court has stated that children

       cannot wait indefinitely for their parents to work toward preservation or

       reunification and courts need not wait until the child is irreversibly harmed such

       that the child’s physical, mental, and social development is permanently

       impaired before terminating the parent-child relationship. In re E.M., 4 N.E.3d

       636, 647-648 (Ind. 2014). However, focusing on permanency, standing alone,

       would impermissibly invert the best-interests inquiry. Id. at 648.


[19]   To the extent Mother does not challenge the court’s findings of fact, the

       unchallenged facts stand as proven. See In re B.R., 875 N.E.2d 369, 373 (Ind.

       Ct. App. 2007) (failure to challenge findings by the trial court resulted in waiver

       of the argument that the findings were clearly erroneous), trans. denied. While

       Mother appears to focus on O.W.’s sibling relationship with S.W., we note that

       Mother’s parental rights with respect to S.W. have been terminated. Further,

       when asked separately if she thought it was in the best interest of the children

       for Mother’s parental rights to be terminated and if the best likelihood for the

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1911 | December 17, 2019   Page 10 of 11
       children to have a permanent plan for their life would be to be adopted, FCM

       Luchtefeld responded affirmatively. Based on the testimony, as well as the

       totality of the evidence in the record and set forth in the trial court’s termination

       order, we conclude that the court’s determination that termination is in O.W.’s

       best interests is supported by clear and convincing evidence.


[20]   Affirmed.


       Baker, J., and Riley, J., concur.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1911 | December 17, 2019   Page 11 of 11
