                 United States Court of Appeals
                            For the Eighth Circuit
                        ___________________________

                                No. 15-1771
                        ___________________________

                             United States of America

                        lllllllllllllllllllll Plaintiff - Appellee

                                           v.

                                Jamie David Harvey

                      lllllllllllllllllllll Defendant - Appellant
                                      ____________

                    Appeal from United States District Court
                     for the District of Minnesota - St. Paul
                                 ____________

                           Submitted: February 29, 2016
                              Filed: April 28, 2016
                                 [Unpublished]
                                 ____________

Before SMITH, BENTON, and KELLY, Circuit Judges.
                           ____________

PER CURIAM.

      Jamie David Harvey appeals the fifteen-year sentence he received after
pleading guilty to being a felon in possession of a firearm. The district court1

      1
       The Honorable John R. Tunheim, Chief Judge, United States District Court for
the District of Minnesota.
determined that Harvey had three prior convictions for “violent felonies,” as that term
is defined in 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(B), and was therefore subject to the fifteen-year
mandatory minimum sentence provided for by 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(1).

       Harvey concedes that one of these three convictions was for a violent felony,
but argues that the other two – both for violating subdivision 1 of Minnesota’s
second-degree assault statute – were not. That subdivision criminalizes “assault[ing]
another with a dangerous weapon.” Minn. Stat. § 609.222, subd. 1. “Assault,” in
turn, is defined as either “an act done with intent to cause fear in another of
immediate bodily harm or death” or “the intentional infliction of or attempt to inflict
bodily harm upon another.” Minn. Stat. § 609.02, subd. 10.

       The district court found that subdivision 1 of Minnesota’s second-degree
assault statute is a violent felony because, under either definition of “assault,” it “has
as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the
person of another.” 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(B)(i). Harvey argues that the offense does
not qualify as a violent felony pursuant to § 924(e)(2)(B)(i) under either definition of
assault.

       Harvey’s argument with respect to the first definition of assault is that it is
possible to cause someone to fear immediate bodily harm or death without threatening
the use of physical force against them. This argument is foreclosed by our decision
in United States v. Schaffer, No. 15-2571, 2016 WL 1425834 (8th Cir. Apr. 12,
2016). There, we held that a conviction for committing an “act with intent to cause
fear in another of immediate bodily harm or death” in violation of Minnesota Statutes
§ 609.2242, subd. 1(1) qualified as a violent felony as defined in 18 U.S.C.
§ 924(e)(2)(B)(i), because the offense “ha[d] as an element the threatened use of
physical force against the person of another.” Id. at *2 (internal quotation marks
omitted). We see no basis to treat the virtually identical language in Minnesota
Statutes § 609.02, subd. 10(1) differently.

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       Harvey’s argument with respect to the second definition of assault is foreclosed
by United States v. Rice, 813 F.3d 704 (8th Cir. 2016). Harvey argues that “the
intentional infliction of, or attempt to inflict bodily harm” could be accomplished
without the use or attempted use of physical force through the administration of
poison or the use of infected bodily fluids. But as Schaffer explained, “[o]ur decision
in United States v. Rice rejected a similar argument by reasoning that even though the
act of poisoning a drink does not involve physical force, the act of employing poison
knowingly as a device to cause physical harm does.” Schaffer, 2016 WL 1425834,
at *2 (quoting Rice, 813 F.3d at 706) (internal quotation marks omitted).

      We affirm the judgment of the district court.
                      ______________________________




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