                     United States Court of Appeals
                           FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
                                    ___________

                                    No. 04-2679
                                    ___________

Steve R. Nerness,                      *
                                       *
             Plaintiff-Appellant,      *
                                       * Appeal from the United States
      v.                               * District Court for the
                                       * Northern District of Iowa.
Dan Johnson, Officer; Vern Jefferson, *
Officer; Bryan Ellenbecker, Officer,   *    [TO BE PUBLISHED]
                                       *
             Defendants-Appellees.     *
                                  ___________

                              Submitted: March 14, 2005
                                 Filed: March 18, 2005
                                  ___________

Before WOLLMAN, LAY, and HANSEN, Circuit Judges.
                          ___________

PER CURIAM.

       Steve R. Nerness, proceeding pro se in the district court, filed a § 1983 claim
against certain named officers whom he claimed were deliberately indifferent to his
urgent medical needs during his arrest and ensuing seven-hour confinement in the
local jail. Nerness also filed with the district court applications to proceed in forma
pauperis (IFP), and for appointment of counsel. The district court denied Nerness’
motion to proceed IFP because Nerness failed to include a signed affidavit identifying
his assets as required by 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1). The district court further dismissed
his underlying § 1983 claim, without prejudice, because his complaint failed to plead
that he had fully exhausted his administrative remedies. We affirm the district court’s
denial of leave to proceed IFP, but reverse the district court’s dismissal of Nerness’
complaint for failure to exhaust administrative remedies.

        We review the district court’s denial of an application for leave to proceed IFP
for abuse of discretion. Forester v. California Adult Auth., 510 F.2d 58, 60 (8th Cir.
1975). In filing his application to proceed IFP, Nerness submitted only his 2002
federal tax returns to verify his indigence. These tax returns did not include a
statement of assets nor did they otherwise qualify as an affidavit. See 28 U.S.C.
§ 1915(a)(1). We note that the district court was rather charitable when it concluded
in its Initial Review Order of June 10, 2004, that Nerness’ application to proceed IFP
was insufficient “as filed” and that the district court did “not believe it [was]
appropriate at this time to grant in forma pauperis status.” (emphasis added). Even
though Nerness was a pro se litigant unfamiliar with court procedure, we conclude
that the district court did not abuse its discretion by requiring Nerness to follow the
basic requirements of the statute.

       Nerness next claims that the district court erred by dismissing his underlying
§ 1983 claim for failure to exhaust his administrative remedies. We review the
district court’s application of the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA) de novo and
its findings of fact for clear error. See Wyatt v. Terhune, 315 F.3d 1108, 1117 (9th
Cir. 2003).

      The PLRA’s exhaustion requirement is not a heightened pleading requirement.
Wyatt, 315 F.3d at 1117-18. This circuit considers the PLRA’s exhaustion
requirement to be an affirmative defense that the defendant has the burden to plead
and to prove. Foulk v. Charrier, 262 F.3d 687, 697 (8th Cir. 2001) (citing Chelette
v. Harris, 229 F.3d 684, 686-88 (8th Cir. 2000)). Likewise, a lack of exhaustion does
not deprive federal courts of subject matter jurisdiction. Id. Additionally, the
PLRA’s exhaustion requirement only applies to “person[s] incarcerated or
detained . . . .” 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(h). Accordingly, the exhaustion requirement does

                                          -2-
not apply to plaintiffs who file § 1983 claims after being released from incarceration.
Doe v. Washington County, 150 F.3d 920, 924 (8th Cir. 1998).

       We conclude the district court erred when it applied the PLRA’s exhaustion
requirement to Nerness’ complaint. First, he was not subject to the PLRA’s
exhaustion requirement because he was not a prisoner or otherwise incarcerated when
he filed his complaint.1 Second, even if he was subject to the PLRA, Nerness was
under no obligation to plead exhaustion in his complaint. See Foulk, 262 F.3d at 697.
 Accordingly, the district court’s application of the PLRA and its resulting dismissal
of Nerness’ complaint for failure to exhaust administrative remedies was an error of
law.

      This case is remanded to the district court for consideration consistent with this
opinion and with the suggestion that the Plaintiff be permitted the option of either
paying the district court filing fee in full or resubmitting a proper application to
proceed in forma pauperis for the district court’s further consideration.
                       ______________________________




      1
        We note that the record available to the district court was ambiguous as to
whether Nerness was a prisoner when he filed his complaint. On appeal, however,
it is now clear that he was not a prisoner.

                                          -3-
