Filed 1/28/14 In re Timothy G. CA4/3




                      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
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              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                     FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                DIVISION THREE


In re TIMOTHY G., a Person Coming
Under the Juvenile Court Law.

ORANGE COUNTY SOCIAL SERVICES
AGENCY,
                                                                       G048641
     Plaintiff and Respondent,
                                                                       (Super. Ct. No. DP-019675)
         v.
                                                                       OPINION
DIANA F.,

     Defendant and Appellant.



                   Appeal from a judgment of the Superior Court of Orange County, Deborah
Servino, Judge. Affirmed.
                   Liana Serobian, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant
and Appellant.
                   Nicholas S. Chrisos, County Counsel, and Karen L. Christensen, Deputy
County Counsel, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
                   No appearance for the minor.
               Diana F. appeals from the juvenile court’s summary denial of her Welfare
and Institutions Code section 388 (section 388) petition.1 Diana contends the juvenile
court abused its discretion. We conclude it did not and affirm the judgment.
                         FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
1. The Petition
               In April 2010, Diana was arrested and incarcerated for felony child abuse.
On April 14, the Orange County Social Services Agency (SSA) filed a petition on behalf
of her three children, Jessica E., Danny E., and Timothy G., then eight years old, four
years old, and nine months old, respectively.2 The petition alleged Diana physically
abused Jessica and Danny, the most recent incident being when Diana struck Jessica
multiple times in the face with a shoe, and that Timothy was at significant risk of
physical abuse.
       According to the petition, Diana had unresolved anger problems, which were
evidenced by her prior arrests and/or convictions for cruelty to a child, battery, exhibiting
a deadly weapon, minor in possession of alcohol, the infliction of great bodily injury to a
cohabitant, fraud, and contempt of court, and her rather long history of domestic violence
and drug abuse. Jesse E., the father of Diana’s two older children, told a social worker he
and Diana had mutual restraining orders as they both had problems managing anger. The
petition also alleged there had been eight prior child welfare referrals involving Diana.
               The children were removed from Diana’s home and initially placed in
foster care. However, by the time of the contested disposition hearing in July 2010, the
court had placed all three children with Jesse and his fiancé, Gina G. The court ordered
family reunification services for Diana. The case plan called for Diana to engage in



       1   All further statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code.

       2   Timothy’s siblings are not parties to this appeal.

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counseling to “address family separation, domestic violence, communication, and
parenting,” to complete a parenting class, and submit to regular drug testing.
2. Six-month Review
              In October, Diana was released from custody to a sober living facility.
According to the social worker’s report, Diana had weekly monitored visitation with the
children, and the monitors described Diana as attentive, affectionate and loving.
However, the social worker also described Diana’s compliance with her case plan as
“minimal,” due in large part to Diana’s failure to obtain the necessary referrals for
counseling and drug testing.
              In January 2011, at the six-month review hearing, the juvenile court
terminated jurisdiction over Jessica and Danny, but continued jurisdiction over Timothy
with additional reunification services for Diana. The juvenile court modified Diana’s
case plan to add the completion of an SSA approved drug treatment program and a
treatment program for child abusers.
3. Twelve-month Review
              Although the 12-month review was set for May 2011, it was continued
several times over the following months. Nevertheless, Diana’s progress with her case
plan was again described as “minimal.” According to the social worker’s report, Diana
was on probation and lived in a women’s group home. She had not yet gotten a referral
for counseling, nor had she completed a parenting class. Moreover, she failed to
maintain contact with her social worker. For example, SSA had no address or contact
number for her for over two months, and when Diana did contact SSA and schedule
appointments with her social worker, she often failed to appear for the appointments.
              As for her visitation, Diana had been given one, two-hour visit a week
during her incarceration. She missed three visits with Timothy during one reporting
period, although Diana claimed this was due to transportation problems. The visitation
monitors reported that Diana generally arrived on time, stayed for the full period of time

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allowed, and provided the children with food and attention, although she often engaged
other parents rather than her children. The social worker noted, “She is attentive to
Timothy, but at times she does not always pay attention to him and her older daughter,
Jessica, will be watching and playing with Timothy.”
                On the other hand, Timothy was happy and healthy in Jesse’s home, and
seemed bonded to his new caretakers. An addendum report prepared in July 2011, more
than one year from the date of initial detention, summarized the situation as follows:
“The mother is not currently in a position to have the child returned to her care. The
mother’s current living situation is not appropriate to have her son in her care. The
mother is still not employed and with all of her current requirements it would be very
difficult that she could work full-time, take care of her son, and still complete her court
ordered case plan . . . . There is no substantial probability at this time that the child could
be returned to the mother’s care.” In light of Diana’s performance on her case plan, SSA
recommended the court continue Timothy as a dependent child of the juvenile court,
terminate family reunification services to Diana, and schedule a section 366.26
permanency planning hearing.
                Unfortunately, Jesse died on July 20, 2011. Initially, Timothy was placed
with a different relative. However, SSA later returned him to Gina, who expressed an
interest in a permanent placement. In one report, the social worker stated, “[Diana] has
made some progress over the past few months, although she still . . . needs to complete a
52 week child abuse prevention class,” a class that had been a part of her case plan from
the beginning. The social worker also reported, “Despite many efforts and
encouragement from both Social Services and Probation, [Diana] has yet to begin this
requirement.”
                By the end of October 2011, Diana had moved into a home and she claimed
to be working part time, although she would not tell the social worker how many hours
she actually worked. She also submitted a declaration in a concurrent family law

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proceeding in which she informed the court of Jesse’s death and expressed the desire that
the court “modify and award her sole legal and sole physical custody of” her children.
She claimed to be unable to communicate with Jesse’s relatives, and that she had not
“seen or heard from my children since July 2011.” She claimed to have “done anything
and everything that the Court ordered me to do,” and that she was “a much different
person now tha[n] the one that once hit Jessica.” She requested the court order the “Child
Abduction Unit” from the district attorney’s office “to locate and bring the children to
me.”
              Diana’s declaration triggered an investigation into her dependency case.
The assigned social worker told the investigator that Diana was “still working a case
plan” with the recommendation to terminate reunification services and plan for
Timothy’s adoption. The social worker reported that Diana had completed a parenting
class and the drug and alcohol portion of her case plan, but she had just begun the 52-
week child abuse prevention program. Furthermore, Diana had always known where her
children were and how to contact their caregivers. According to the investigator, Diana
had not informed the family law court of her concurrent dependency proceeding.
4. Eighteen-month Review
              Due to numerous continuances, the juvenile court held a combined 12 and
18-month-review hearing, which began on December 6, 2011, but continued over several
days in January and February 2012. At Diana’s request, SSA was considering placing
Timothy with his maternal grandmother, and Diana’s adult daughter, Marlene F.
However, Marlene had not cooperated with the SSA investigation of her home. In fact, a
family squabble became so intense during the social worker’s in-home evaluation the
social worker felt the need to call 911. Consequently, SSA did not recommend placing
Timothy in the home.
              In late December, Diana unsuccessfully tried to replace her social worker.
Diana and the maternal grandmother claimed the social worker had not accurately

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reported her interview with the maternal grandmother, and the maternal grandmother
filed a declaration in support of Timothy’s placement in her home. Diana continued to
visit Timothy, but Gina had concerns about visitation after Diana brought several toys to
one visit, allowed Timothy to play with them, and then took them back at the end of the
visit.
              Gina’s testimony lasted over two days in January 2012. In February, with
the hearing ongoing, the court increased her visitation with Timothy. The social worker
testified at length about Diana’s performance of the case plan and her visitation with
Timothy. At the time, SSA reported April 2012 as the likely date for a finalized
permanent plan, two years after Timothy’s initial detention. As the juvenile court stated,
Diana was given essentially “two months to make a difference one way or the other.”
5. Permanency Planning Hearing
              In an April status review report, the social worker stated Diana had again
moved and not immediately advised her social worker of her new residence. When the
social worker finally went to Diana’s new address, Diana’s landlord said he wanted her to
move out because she had no social skills and appeared to be taking advantage of him.
Diana claimed she worked three jobs, but she would not give the social worker her
employers’ names or her pay stubs. She had finally enrolled in a 52-week child abuse
prevention class, but had yet to complete it. As the social worker reported, “Although the
mother has completed a good portion of her case plan, there is still the issue of stability
and consistency.” Due to Timothy’s age, the length of time he had been in out-of-home
placement, and the fact that his return to Diana’s care in the foreseeable future seemed
unlikely, SSA recommended terminating reunification services and the scheduling of a
section 366.26 hearing.
              In May, the parties stipulated to the termination of reunification services
and the setting of a section 366.26 hearing with a permanent plan of making Gina



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Timothy’s legal guardian. Diana continued to visit Timothy, once a month for four
hours.
              The next status hearing occurred in February 2013. By that time, SSA
recommended terminating Diana’s parental rights with the permanent plan of Timothy’s
adoption by Gina. Timothy, by then three years old, was healthy and happy in Gina’s
home, and he called Gina “‘mom.’”
              On the other hand, Diana’s visitation had become “sporadic.” She
struggled to make the necessary arrangements with Gina and an independent monitor,
and she sometimes called at the last minute to schedule her one visit per month. Thus,
the juvenile court adopted the recommendation of the social worker, and set the matter
for a section 366.26 hearing in June 2013.
6. Section 388 Petition
              On June 24, 2013, Diana filed a section 388 petition. She claimed the
completion of the 52-week child abuser’s treatment program, a separate parenting class,
and her regular monitored visitation as evidence of changed circumstances warranting the
resumption of reunification series and immediate return of Timothy to her care.
              Timothy was now almost four years old, and he had spent only his first nine
months in Diana’s care. After reviewing the petition, supporting documents, and
counsels’ arguments, the court acknowledged the completion of the 52-week child abuse
treatment course constituted a change. However, the court also concluded that this
change did not amount to changed circumstances. For instance, Diana did not submit any
evidence she had adequate living arrangements, employment, or community support to
take immediate custody of Timothy.
              As for Timothy’s best interests, the court stated removing Timothy from
Gina’s custody “would probably be very detrimental to [Timothy] and shocking. He has
only seen [Diana] for a very limited amount of time every two weeks now for a few
years, and even in those visitations she doesn’t take the full responsibility for him as a

                                              7
mother. It’s more as though she’s visiting him almost as a friend or something outside of
that but not as a mother role.”
              The court summarily denied the petition and proceeded with the section
366.26 hearing. The agency submitted on the social worker’s reports. Diana and her
social worker testified at the hearing. After considering all the evidence and the
arguments of counsel, the court found Timothy adoptable, and that terminating Diana’s
parental rights was in Timothy’s best interest. This appeal followed.
                                       DISCUSSION
              A section 388 petition “is addressed to the sound discretion of the juvenile
court and its decision will not be disturbed on appeal in the absence of a clear abuse of
discretion. [Citations.]” (In re Jasmon O. (1994) 8 Cal.4th 398, 415-416; see In re
Stephanie M. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 295, 318-319 (Stephanie M.); In re Zachary G. (1999) 77
Cal.App.4th 799, 805, 808 (Zachary G.).) Under section 388, a juvenile court may
modify one of its orders if the petitioner shows, by a preponderance of the evidence, that
there are (1) changed circumstances or new evidence that support a modification; and (2)
the modification would be in the best interests of the child. (Stephanie M., at pp. 316-
317; Zachary G., at p. 806.)
              To obtain a hearing on a section 388 petition, the petitioner needs only to
make a prima facie showing of these two elements, and “the petition should be liberally
construed in favor of granting a hearing to consider the parent’s request. [Citation.]”
(Zachary G., supra, 77 Cal.App.4th at p. 806; see In re Marilyn H. (1993) 5 Cal.4th 295,
309-310 (Marilyn H.).) But the burden of showing changed circumstances is on the party
seeking modification (Marilyn H., at p. 309), and “if the liberally construed allegations of
the petition do not make a prima facie showing of changed circumstances and that the
proposed [modification is in] the best interests of the child, the court need not order a
hearing on the petition. [Citations.]” (Zachary G., at p. 806.)



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              Diana first claims her petition met the prima facie showing required to
warrant an evidentiary hearing. Not so. Diana asserted her completion of the 52-week
child abuse prevention class as a changed circumstance, and the court acknowledged the
change. But, as county counsel assets, assuming Diana had completed all aspects of her
three-year case plan, she had never progressed to unmonitored visitation with Timothy.
In other words, she was not ready, willing, and able to care for Timothy after over two
years of reunification services. Thus, the denial of her request for immediate custody of
him seems eminently reasonable.
              Diana claims an evidentiary hearing would have permitted her to introduce
additional testimony regarding her visitation and would have allowed the juvenile court
to “sort through the different version[s] of the facts, given that the social worker admitted
. . . her information only came from Gina . . . .” However, the juvenile court had all the
information necessary to make factual findings, and the court expressly considered all the
available evidence before ruling. Moreover, the juvenile court found Diana’s testimony
not credible when she testified about the length, frequency, and nature of her visits with
Timothy. In short, Diana failed to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that her
late compliance with the case plan constituted changed circumstances sufficient to
modify the court’s custody order.
              But even assuming we found a prima facie case of changed circumstances,
Diana fails to persuade us a change in placement at this late date was in Timothy’s best
interest. “Family Code section 7800 declares the welfare and best interest of a child is
achieved ‘“by providing the stability and security of an adoptive home when those
conditions are otherwise missing from [the child’s life].”’ [Citations.] The fact is,
‘[o]nce reunification services are ordered terminated, the focus shifts to the needs of the
child for permanency and stability. . . . [¶] . . . The parent’s interest in having an
opportunity to reunify with the child is balanced against the child’s need for a stable,
permanent home. The parent is given a reasonable period of time to reunify and, if

                                              9
unsuccessful, the child's interest in permanency and stability takes priority.’ [Citation.]”
(In re Ronell (1995) 44 Cal.App.4th 1352, 1369.)
              In this case, Diana had approximately three years to reunify with Timothy.
Nevertheless, she repeatedly disregarded her obligation to stay in contact with SSA,
obtain the necessary referrals to complete her case plan, or engage in meaningful
visitation with Timothy. As the court in In re Marilyn H., supra, 5 Cal.4th at page 310,
observed, “Childhood does not wait for the parent to become adequate. [Citation.]” By
the time Diana filed her section 388 petition, Timothy had spent the vast majority of his
life in Gina’s custody. To remove him from the only secure, stable home he had ever
known would have caused chaos and uncertainty in an already uncertain life. Under the
circumstances presented in the record, the juvenile court did not abuse its discretion by
summarily dismissing Diana’s section 388 petition.
                                      DISPOSITION
              The judgment is affirmed.




                                                  THOMPSON, J.

WE CONCUR:



BEDSWORTH, ACTING P. J.



ARONSON, J.




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