         In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                 OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
                                          No. 16-1164V
                                      Filed: April 26, 2018

    * * * * * * * * * * * * *                  *   *
    MARTIN COWLES,                                 *       UNPUBLISHED
                                                   *
                 Petitioner,                       *
    v.                                             *       Decision on Attorneys’ Fees and Costs;
                                                   *       Interim Fees
    SECRETARY OF HEALTH                            *
    AND HUMAN SERVICES,                            *
                                                   *
             Respondent.                           *
    * * * * * * * * * * * * *                  *   *

Andrew Downing, Esq., Van Cott & Talamante, PLLC, Phoenix, AZ, for petitioner.
Colleen Hartley, Esq., U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for respondent.

                DECISION ON INTERIM ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS1

Roth, Special Master:

        On September 20, 2016, Martin Cowles (“Mr. Cowles,” or “petitioner”) filed a petition for
compensation under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.2 Petitioner alleges that
he suffered a severe adverse reaction after receiving an influenza vaccination on October 17, 2013.
See Petition (“Pet.”), ECF No. 1.

       On April 4, 2018, petitioner filed a Motion for Interim Attorneys’ Fees and Costs. Motion
for Fees, ECF No. 44. Petitioner requests attorneys’ fees for current counsel in the amount of
$30,517.50 and costs in the amount of $36,505.50, for a total amount of $67,023.00. Id. at 3.


1
 Because this unpublished decision contains a reasoned explanation for the action in this case, I intend to
post this decision on the United States Court of Federal Claims’ website, in accordance with the E-
Government Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-347, § 205, 116 Stat. 2899, 2913 (codified as amended at 44
U.S.C. § 3501 note (2012)). In accordance with Vaccine Rule 18(b), a party has 14 days to identify and
move to delete medical or other information, that satisfies the criteria in 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-12(d)(4)(B).
Further, consistent with the rule requirement, a motion for redaction must include a proposed redacted
decision. If, upon review, I agree that the identified material fits within the requirements of that
provision, I will delete such material from public access.
2
 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755. Hereinafter, for
ease of citation, all “§” references to the Vaccine Act will be to the pertinent subparagraph of 42 U.S.C. §
300aa (2012).


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Petitioner additionally requests attorneys’ fees for his prior counsel, Faraci Lange LLC, in the
amount of $10,800.00 and $235.00 in costs, for a total amount of $11,035.00. Id.

       On April 17, 2018, respondent filed a response to petitioners’ Motion for Fees. Response,
ECF No. 45. Respondent provided no specific objection to the amount requested or hours worked,
but instead, “respectfully recommend[ed] that the Special Master exercise her discretion and
determine a reasonable award for attorneys’ fees and costs.” Id. at 3.

                                         I. Applicable Legal Standards

        The Vaccine Act permits an award of “reasonable attorneys’ fees” and “other costs.”
§ 15(e)(1). If a petitioner succeeds on the merits of his or her claim, the award of attorneys’ fees
is automatic. Id.; see Sebelius v. Cloer, 133 S. Ct. 1886, 1891 (2013). However, a petitioner need
not prevail on entitlement to receive a fee award as long as the petition was brought in “good faith”
and there was a “reasonable basis” for the claim to proceed. § 15(e)(1). Moreover, special masters
have discretion to award interim fees while the litigation is ongoing if “the cost of litigation has
imposed an undue hardship” and there is “a good faith basis for the claim.” Shaw v. Sec’y of Health
& Humans Servs., 609 F.3d 1372, 1375 (Fed. Cir. 2010); see Avera v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., 515 F.3d 1343, 1352 (Fed. Cir. 2008). One instance in which interim fees have been
awarded is “where proceedings are protracted and costly experts must be retained.” Avera, 515
F.3d at 1352.

        The Federal Circuit has endorsed the use of the lodestar approach to determine what
constitutes “reasonable attorneys’ fees” and “other costs” under the Vaccine Act. Avera, 515 F.3d
at 1349. Under this approach, [t]he initial estimate of a reasonable attorney’s fee” is calculated by
“multiplying the number of hours reasonably expended on the litigation times a reasonable hourly
rate.” Id. at 1347-48 (quoting Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888 (1984)). That product is then
adjusted upward or downward based on other specific findings. Id.

        A “reasonable hourly rate” is defined as the rate “prevailing in the community for similar
services by lawyers of reasonably comparable skill, experience and reputation.” Id. at 1348
(quoting Blum, 465 U.S. at 896 n.11). This rate is based on “the forum rate for the District of
Columbia” rather than “the rate in the geographic area of the practice of petitioner’s attorney.”
Rodriguez v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 632 F.3d 1381, 1384 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (citing Avera,
515 F.3d at 1349). There is a “limited exception” that provides for attorneys’ fees to be awarded
at local hourly rates when “the bulk of the attorney’s work is done outside the forum jurisdiction”
and “there is a very significant difference” between the local hourly rate and forum hourly rate. Id.
This is known as the Davis County exception. See Hall v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 640
F.3d 1351, 1353 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (citing Davis Cty. Solid Waste Mgmt. & Energy Recovery Special
Serv. Dist. v. U.S. EPA, 169 F.3d 755, 758 (D.C. Cir. 1999)). For cases in which forum rates apply,
McCulloch provides the framework for determining the appropriate hourly rate range for
attorneys’ fees based upon the attorneys’ experience. See McCulloch v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., No. 09-293V, 2015 WL 5634323 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 1, 2015). The Office of Special
Masters has issued a fee schedule that updates the McCulloch rates to account for inflation in
subsequent years.3
3
    This fee schedule is posted on the court’s website. See Office of Special Masters, Attorneys’ Forum Hourly Rate

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        Once the applicable hourly rate is determined, it is applied to the “number of hours
reasonably expended on the litigation.” Avera, 515 F.3d at 1348. The application for fees and costs
must “sufficiently detail and explain the time billed so that a special master may determine. . .
whether the amount requested is reasonable,” and an award of attorneys’ fees may be reduced for
“vagueness” in billing. J.W. ex rel. Wilson v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 15-1551V,
2017 WL 877278, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Feb. 10, 2017). Moreover, counsel should not include
in their fee requests hours that are “excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary.” Saxton ex
rel. Saxton v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 3 F.3d 1517, 1521 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (quoting
Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 434 (1983)). “Unreasonably duplicative or excessive billing”
includes “an attorney billing for a single task on multiple occasions, multiple attorneys billing for
a single task, attorneys billing excessively for intra office communications, attorneys billing
excessive hours, [and] attorneys entering erroneous billing entries.” Raymo v. Sec’y of Health &
Human Servs., 129 Fed. Cl. 691, 703 (2016).

        Furthermore, some tasks are generally compensated at a reduced rate. Attorneys who
perform non-attorney-level work are compensated at a rate comparable to what would be paid for
a paralegal or secretary. See O’Neill v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 08-243V, 2015 WL
2399211, at *9 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 28, 2015). Hours spent traveling are ordinarily
compensated at one-half of the normal hourly attorney rate. See Scott v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., No. 08-756V, 2014 WL 2885684, at *3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 5, 2014) (collecting
cases). Finally, some tasks are never compensable. For instance, “it is inappropriate for counsel to
bill time for educating themselves about basic aspects of the Vaccine Program.” Matthews v. Sec’y
of Health & Human Servs., No 14-1111V, 2016 WL 2853910, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 18,
2016). Clerical and secretarial tasks should not be billed at all, regardless of who performs them.
See, e.g., McCulloch, 2015 WL 5634323, at *26. Non-compensable clerical and secretarial tasks
include making travel arrangements, reviewing and paying invoices, setting up meetings,
organizing files, scheduling conference calls, and reviewing files for consistency. J.W., 2017 WL
877278, at *3; Barry v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 12-039V, 2016 WL 6835542, at *4
(Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Oct. 25, 2016).

        It is “well within the Special Master’s discretion to reduce the hours to a number that, in
[her] experience and judgment, [is] reasonable for the work done.” Saxton, 3 F.3d at 1522. In
exercising that discretion, special masters may reduce the number of hours submitted by a
percentage of the amount charged. See Broekelschen v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 102 Fed.
Cl. 719, 728-29 (2011) (affirming special master’s reduction of attorney and paralegal hours); Guy
v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 38 Fed. Cl. 403, 406 (1997) (same). Ultimately, special masters
have substantial discretion in awarding fees and costs, and may adjust a fee request sua sponte,
apart from objections raised by respondent and without providing petitioners with notice and
opportunity to respond. See Sabella v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 86 Fed. Cl. 201, 209 (Fed.
Cl. 2009). Special masters need not engage in a line-by-line analysis of petitioner’s fee application
when reducing fees. See Broekelschen, 102 Fed. Cl. at 729.




Fee Schedule: 2015-2016, http://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/Attorneys-Forum-Rate-Fee-
Schedule2015-2016.pdf.

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                                           II. Discussion

A.     Interim Fees

         Interim fees may be paid at the discretion of the special master. See Avera, 515 F.3d at
1352 (“Interim fees are particularly appropriate in cases where proceedings are protracted and
costly experts must be retained.”) Additionally, “where the claimant establishes that the cost of
litigation has imposed an undue hardship and there exists a good faith basis for the claim, it is
proper for the special master to award interim attorneys’ fees.” Shaw, 609 F.3d at 1375.

         During the pendency of this case, petitioner has retained two experts to opine on his behalf
and has incurred substantial expert fees as a result. Due to the undersigned’s full hearing schedule,
this matter will not proceed to an entitlement hearing until 2020. Therefore, an award of interim
fees and costs is appropriate so that counsel is not unduly financially burdened during protracted
litigation.

B.     Attorneys’ Fees for Van Cott & Talamante

       Petitioner requests $30,517.50 in attorneys’ fees. The requested hourly rates, see Motion
for Fees, Ex. A, at 23-24, are consistent with the rates previously found to be reasonable in cases
involving petitioner’s counsel. See, e.g., Carey v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 16-828V,
2018 WL 1559805, at *6 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Feb. 26, 2018); Randolph v. Sec’y of Health &
Human Servs., No. 15-146V, 2018 WL 1310477, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Feb. 13, 2018).
Additionally, the number of hours billed appear to be reasonable. Accordingly, $30,517.50 is
awarded in attorneys’ fees.

C.     Attorneys’ Costs for Van Cott & Talamante

       Petitioner requested a total of $36,505.50 in costs for Van Cott & Talamante. See Motion
for Fees, Ex. A, at 23. The requested costs consist of $8,076.00 in expert fees for Dr. Vincent
Tuohy and $27,622.29 in expert fees for Dr. George Hicks. Id. at 21-23.

         Upon reviewing the records, the undersigned noted certain concerns regarding Dr. Hicks’
billing practices. He billed 20 hours on March 14, 2017 for “preliminary report, research, analysis.”
Id. at 33. Dr. Hicks also billed two hours on February 9, 2018, for “Review of Special Master Roth
Order.” Id. The order in question was three pages long. See Scheduling Order, ECF No. 40.
Additionally, Dr. Hicks billed 15 hours for “Research and references;” however, this task is not
allotted to a specific date but rather over a general range of time (“05/2017-03/2018”). Id. at 37.
He billed another 5 hours for “Copy collating references.” Id.

        In allotting large blocks of time to vague tasks such as “collating references,” Dr. Hicks
has engaged in a practice called “block billing,” which is disfavored by the Program. See
Broekelschen v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 07-137V, 2008 WL 5456319 (Fed. Cl. Spec.
Mstr. Dec. 17, 2008) (reducing petitioner’s attorneys’ fees and criticizing her for block billing).
The Vaccine Program’s Guidelines for Practice specifically state, “Each task should have its own
line entry indicating the amount of time spent on that task. Several tasks lumped together with one

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time entry frustrates the court’s ability to assess the reasonableness of the request.” The
undersigned is perplexed as to the meaning of “collating references,” and why it takes five hours.
I am also skeptical that Dr. Hicks spent 20 hours in one day working on this case. Petitioner’s
counsel is cautioned that in the future, experts should provide more detailed documentation to
support their fees. Other special masters have reduced expert fees due to block billing. See, e.g.,
Bean-Sasser v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 13-326V, 2017 WL 4385749 (Fed. Cl. Spec.
Mstr. Sept. 8, 2017). Though petitioner’s costs appear to be reasonable; I will not reduce them, but
caution counsel to be vigilant about expert billing practices.

D.       Attorneys’ Fees for Faraci Lange

        Petitioner requests $10,800.00 in attorneys’ fees for Faraci Lange. The requested hourly
rates, see Motion for Fees, Ex. B, at 1, are consistent with fees previously awarded in cases
involving petitioner’s counsel. See, e.g., Young v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 16-602V,
2017 WL 7360354 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Aug. 31, 2017).

        However, attorney Kathryn Bruns billed for administrative tasks such as downloading
medical records and “screen-shotting” emails.4 There are also instances of duplicative billing.5 For
these reasons, the undersigned finds that the requested $10,800.00 should be reduced by 10%.
Accordingly, $9,720.00 is awarded in attorneys’ fees.

E.       Attorneys’ Costs for Faraci Lange

        Petitioner requested a total of $235.00 in costs for Faraci Lange. See Motion for Fees, Ex.
B, at 4. The requested costs are associated with obtaining medical records. Id. The undersigned
finds petitioner’s requested costs to be reasonable.

                                    III. Total Award Summary

         Based on the foregoing, the undersigned awards the total of $76,978.00 as follows:

        A lump sum of $67,023.00 representing reimbursement for attorneys’ fees in the amount
         of $30,517.50 and costs in the amount of $36,505.50, in the form of a check made
         payable jointly to petitioner and petitioner’s counsel, Andrew Downing of Van Cott &
         Talamante; and

        A lump sum of $9,955.00 representing reimbursement for attorneys’ fees in the amount
         of $9,720.00and costs in the amount of $235.00, in the form of a check made payable
         jointly to petitioner and Faraci Lange LLC.



4
  See, e.g., Motion for Fees, Ex. B at 2 (“Email exchange with client regarding downloading medical
records from Google drive”); id. at 3 (“Print, screen shot and email 12 batches of emails….”).
5
 See, e.g., Motion for Fees, Ex. B at 2, where Ann Steinmetz and Kathryn Lee Bruns both billed time for
a conference call with the client.

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        The Clerk of the Court is directed to enter judgment in accordance with this Decision.6


IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                                         s/ Mindy Michaels Roth
                                                         Mindy Michaels Roth
                                                         Special Master




6
  Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), entry of judgment can be expedited by each party filing a notice
renouncing the right to seek review.

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