    IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS FOR THE STATE OF DELAWARE
                IN AND FOR NEW CASTLE COUNTY


THERESA WASHINGTON,                        )
                                           )
        Plaintiff,                         )
                                           )
                v.                         )        C.A. No. CPU4-16-001988
                                           )
SININA TALLEY, WENDY                       )
SCOTT, and DANNY WASHINGTON,               )
                                           )
        Defendants.                        )
                                           )


                             Submitted: December 12, 2016
                              Decided: February 15, 2017


Theresa Washington                                  Sinina Talley
220 Christiana Road                                 31 Blue Spruce Drive
New Castle, DE 19720                                Bear, DE 19701
Self-Represented Plaintiff                          Self-Represented Defendant

Wendy Scott                                         Danny Washington
P.O. Box 1742                                       155 West Greenwich Street
Apex, NC 27502                                      Apartment W520
Self-Represented Defendant                          Hempstead, NY 11550
                                                    Self-Represented Defendant



       DECISION ON MOTION FOR JUDGMENT ON THE PLEADINGS




SMALLS, C.J.
        This is a Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings pursuant to Court of Common Pleas

Civil Rule 12(c). The underlying matter is a dispute between Plaintiff Theresa Washington

(“Theresa”) 1 and Defendants Sinina Talley (“Sinina”), Danny Washington (“Danny”), and

Wendy Scott (“Wendy”) (collectively “Defendants”), where Theresa brings a claim for

harassment, defamation, libel, and slander. On December 12, 2016, the instant Motion was

filed by Sinina and the Court reserved decision. This is the Court’s opinion and order on the

Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings.

                           FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

        This dispute originates with and largely involves the Trinity School of the Bible (the

“School”). Theresa and the Defendants are all siblings and are also all board members

and/or trustees of the School. In or around June 2014, the mother of the parties passed

away. What followed was a breakdown of family relationships and a number of actions and

counteractions involving the School and the parties. Due to the nature and hostility of the

dispute, I will only recite the relevant facts as I find them, in order to clarify the issues raised

by Motion, the pleadings, and any other legally cognizable causes of action.2

        Three weeks after the passing of the parties’ mother, Sinina sent a text message to

two other members of the School’s board. While Theresa did not provide the precise

wording of the message, she does allege the statement indicated Theresa was going to be

arrested.     No other information was provided by Theresa with respect to these



1 The Court does not intend any disrespect by the use of first names. However, because two of the parties
share the same last name, it is necessary to use first names so as to avoid confusion.
2 Because of the nature of the instant Motion, I will take all well-pled facts as true for the purposes of the

Motion only. The fact that a party objects to such facts is immaterial at this time.
                                                      2
circumstances. At this time, if not earlier, Theresa began living in the School, and appears to

have assumed control of its operations. It is unclear whether the School has continued to

operate as a school or whether it is otherwise in use beyond Theresa’s residence.

        Approximately one year later, Defendants filed an action in the Justice of the Peace

Court in an attempt to evict Theresa from the School. Theresa alleges Sinina made false

allegations and presented false evidence in the Justice of the Peace Court proceedings. That

matter was ultimately dismissed. Following dismissal, Defendants filed a new action in the

Court of Chancery, where Theresa again alleges Sinina made false allegations against

Theresa. That matter was dismissed without prejudice, as the Court of Chancery found the

claims to be derivative of the School’s board and, therefore, the School had to be

represented by counsel under Delaware law.

        On July 26, 2016, Theresa initiated the instant matter by filing a Complaint3 against

Defendants. The Complaint attempts to bring claims for harassment, defamation, libel, and

slander. The Complaint sets forth the facts discussed supra, while also alleging Defendants

conspired against Theresa to evict her from the School. The Complaint, along with other

various filings of the parties, refers to a protracted course of litigation involving numerous

courts, the filing of Protection From Abuse orders, and various offenses committed during

the preceding several years.4

        At the time the Complaint was filed, all three Defendants were not residents of the

State of Delaware. Sinina and Danny resided separately in New York, while Wendy resided

3 The Complaint appears to contain three separate Complaints within a single, larger framework. For the
purposes of the instant Motion, the Court will treat the Complaint as a singular document with distinct
allegations made against each Defendant.
4 Because there is no distinct chronology or sufficiently pled facts to allow proper consideration, I do not find

any of these allegations to be sufficiently pled to warrant consideration under the instant Motion.
                                                       3
in South Carolina. Service was attempted via certified mail against each of the Defendants;

however, at no point did Theresa file a return of service or an affidavit of nonresidency with

respect to any Defendant.

       On August 22, 2016, Sinina and Danny jointly filed a Motion for Enlargement of

Time, which the Court granted. Sinina and Danny were ordered to file their Answers by

September 10, 2016. This date was later modified with respect to Sinina, with her Answer

due on October 7, 2016. Sinina filed her Answer on October 10, 2016. Sinina’s Answer

includes a counterclaim against Theresa for harassment stemming from derogatory text

messages Theresa allegedly sent to Sinina over the span of several years.

       In late September 2016, Theresa filed a series of motions with the Court, seeking

default judgment against Wendy, along with motions compelling discovery. The Court

denied the motion for default judgment, because Theresa failed to perfect service against

Wendy. Theresa was instructed to perfect service against Wendy by November 18, 2016.

The motions to compel were granted, however, the Court modified Theresa’s requests for

admissions.

       As of November 18, 2016, Theresa had failed to serve her Complaint upon Wendy.

In a letter dated December 5, 2016, Wendy advised she received Theresa’s Complaint earlier

that same day. On December 20, 2016, Theresa wrote her own letter to the Court, in which

she admitted to not meeting the November 18, 2016 deadline for serving her Complaint.

Theresa advised she had sent the Complaint to an attorney that had represented Wendy on

another matter, and had asked the attorney to forward the Complaint to Wendy. On

November 28, 2016, the attorney responded to Theresa and advised her that service of


                                              4
process was not effective, as the attorney lacked the authority to accept service on behalf of

Wendy.

        On December 12, 2016, Sinina filed the instant “request for judicial action,” in which

Sinina requested a “[r]eview of the pleadings, facts, issues and exhibits in this case in the

hope that the judge will render a decision[.]” The Court will analyze this pleading under

Court of Common Pleas Civil Rule 12(c), which governs motions for Judgment on the Pleadings.

                                          LEGAL STANDARD

        Under Court of Common Pleas Civil Rule 12(c), a party may move for judgment on the

pleadings “[a]fter the pleadings are closed but with such time as to not to delay the trial[.]”

The standard for judgment on the pleadings is nearly the same as the standard for a motion

to dismiss, as it requires the Court to accept all well-pled facts as true and to view those facts

in the light most favorable to the non-moving party.5 The purpose of the motion is to

determine whether there are any material issues of fact and whether the moving party is

entitled to judgment as a matter of law.6

                                              DISCUSSION

         As noted above, Theresa’s Complaint alleges harassment, defamation, libel, and

slander. Additionally, Sinina’s Counterclaim alleges a claim for harassment. I will discuss

each cause of action in turn. However, the first matter before the Court is that of service of

process.

    a. Service of Process Under the Long-Arm Statute

5 See Green v. PNC Financial Services Group, Inc., 2015 WL 1236847, at *2 (Del. Com. Pl. Mar. 18, 2015) (internal
citations omitted).
6 See Catawba Associates-Christiana LLC v. Jayaraman, 2016 WL 5369482, at *2 (Del. Super. Sep. 26, 2016)

(internal citations omitted).
                                                       5
        At the time the Complaint was filed, all three Defendants were nonresidents of the

State of Delaware. Accordingly, Theresa was required to comply with Delaware’s long-arm

statute, as specified under 10 Del. C. § 3104 and Court of Common Pleas Civil Rule 4. Theresa

served Danny and Wendy via certified mail, as provided under 10 Del. C. § 3104(d).

However, § 3104(e) and Rule 4(h) both require Theresa to file a return of service. When

service is made via certified mail, the return of service must “include a receipt signed by the

addressee or other evidence of personal delivery to the addressee, satisfactory to the court.”7

Furthermore, Rule 4(h) requires Theresa to return to the Court within ten days with proof of

service and an affidavit of nonresidency.

        At no point did Theresa file the requisite return of service. Theresa did not provide

the Court with proof of mailing, proof of receipt, or an affidavit of nonresidence for either

Danny or Wendy. Even when the Court instructed Theresa to serve Wendy a second time,

Theresa failed to serve Wendy within the time required by the Court, and never filed a return

of service.

        Concerning Danny, the record indicates Danny filed a motion requesting an

enlargement of time to file an Answer, which is sufficient to indicate he received actual

notice of the Complaint.           Notwithstanding, “the Court only may exercise personal

jurisdiction over a defendant when service is properly effected, regardless of whether or not

actual notice is achieved.”8 Unlike Sinina, who waived any argument of insufficiency of

service of process by not raising it in her responsive pleading, Danny never filed a


710 Del. C. § 3104(e).
8Thomas v. Nationstar Mortgage, LLC, 2015 WL 5766775, at *2 (Del. Super. Sep. 18, 2015) (internal citations
omitted).
                                                    6
responsive pleading with the Court, and there is no indication in the record to support that

he waived service.

           Civil Rule 4(j) provides that a plaintiff must serve a defendant with the complaint and

summons within 120 days of filing the complaint. If service is not made within the time, and

if the plaintiff has not received an extension or shown good cause why she failed to perfect

service, the complaint will be dismissed without prejudice. In the matter before the Court,

the Complaint was filed on July 26, 2016. The time for perfecting service expired on

November 23, 2016. There has been no return indicating Danny was served, nor has

Theresa provided the Court with any justification for her inability to perfect service or a

motion to extend the time for service. Therefore, I find that service has not been perfected

as to Danny and Wendy, and thus this matter is dismissed as to them.

      b. Harassment

           Turning to the merits of Theresa’s Complaint and Sinina’s Counterclaim, the Court

must determine whether both parties have pled sufficient facts to make out a prima facie case.

On the first cause of action, that of harassment, Theresa and Sinina cannot sustain such a

claim.

           Delaware does not recognize a private civil cause of action for harassment. 9

Harassment is a crime under Delaware’s criminal code as set forth in 11 Del. C. § 1311.

However, as the Delaware Supreme Court has held, where a statute does not expressly create

or deny a private cause of action, the Court must determine whether the General Assembly




9   See McCambridge v. Bishop, 2009 WL 3068915, at *3 (Del. Super. Sep. 23, 2009).
                                                         7
intended to create a private remedy in the statute.10 Here, the Court stated very clearly that

no such private right exists.11

        The harassment statute is purely penal in nature, enacted to deter conduct that might

harass, annoy, or alarm an individual. Because harassment is a general criminal statute, I find

that it was not enacted to protect a designated class of individuals, but rather the public at

large. “A statute wholly penal in nature . . . will not support a civil remedy.”12 Therefore, all

the claims for harassment are dismissed.13

     c. Defamation, Libel, and Slander

        Next, Theresa brings claims for defamation, libel, and slander. Slander requires proof

of the following elements: “(1) the defamatory character of the communication; (2)

publication; (3) that the communication refers to the plaintiff; (4) the third party's

understanding of the communication's defamatory character; and (5) injury.”14 The fifth

element is satisfied when the alleged defamatory statement constitutes slander per se: a

statement (1) maligning a person in their trade, business, or profession; (2) claiming that

Plaintiff committed a crime; (3) implying that one has a loathsome disease; or (4) imputing

unchastity to a woman.15 The elements of libel are identical to the elements of slander;




10 See Doe v. Bradley, 2011 WL 290829, at *14 (Del. Super. Jan. 21, 2011).
11 Brett v. Berkowitz, 706 A.2d 509, 512 (Del. 1998).
12 Brett v. Berkowitz, 1995 WL 270146, at *5 (Del. Super. Apr. 13, 1995).
13 It should be noted that the Court has not found and the parties have not cited to any rules or decisional law

in support of their position that there is a private cause of action for harassment.
14 Better v. Mitchell, 2004 WL 3312524, at *5 (Del. Com. Pl. Oct. 5, 2004).
15 Id.


                                                       8
however, unlike slander, libel does not require proof of special damages. 16 The statute of

limitations for defamation is two years.17

       Turning to the matter before the Court, the only defamatory statement alleged in the

Complaint is alleged to have occurred in June or early July 2014.18 Even if I were to find the

allegations meet the pleading standards, the claim is barred by the statute of limitations. The

statement was allegedly uttered no later than the second week of July 2014, and the

Complaint was filed on July 26, 2016. More than two years elapsed between the alleged

statements and the filing of the Complaint, and as such the claim is time barred.

       The Complaint also alleges general allegations of false statements made in connection

with various court proceedings.           In Delaware there is absolute privilege protecting

statements made in the course of judicial proceedings, and as such, these statements are not

subject to defamation claims.19 “The privilege extends to all communications relating to the

litigation. This includes statements made maliciously or with knowledge of their falsity.” 20

Theresa’s claims involving statements made pursuant to litigation, to the extent they could

even survive the pleading requirements, must necessarily fail under the absolute privilege

protecting such statements. Therefore, all such claims are dismissed.




16 See Essounga v. Delaware State University, 2016 WL 1613206, at *3 (Del. Super. Apr. 18, 2016).
17 Naples v. New Castle County, 2015 WL 1478206, at *11 (Del. Super. Mar. 30, 2015) (internal citations
omitted).
18 The time frame was reportedly two weeks after the parties’ mother passed away, an event that occurred

sometime around June 2014.
19 See Barker v. Huang, 610 A.2d 1341 (Del. 1992).
20 Walker v. Parson, 2016 WL 3130093, at *3 (Del. Super. Apr. 21, 2016) (internal citations omitted).


                                                   9
                                           CONCLUSION

        For all the foregoing reasons, Defendant Sinina Talley’s Motion for Judgment on the

Pleadings is hereby GRANTED. Theresa’s Complaint is dismissed with prejudice in its

entirety.21 Sinina’s Counterclaim for harassment is dismissed with prejudice.

        IT IS SO ORDERED.




                                                          _________________________________
                                                          Alex J. Smalls,
                                                          Chief Judge




21While dismissal for failure to comply with the 120 day rule for perfecting service would ordinarily be
without prejudice, the Complaint fails with respect to its allegations against both Danny and Wendy and must
therefore be dismissed with prejudice.
                                                    10
