                                                                                           06/26/2020
        IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                         AT KNOXVILLE
                          Assigned on Briefs March 24, 2020

               TERRY TRAMMELL v. STATE OF TENNESSEE

                  Appeal from the Criminal Court for Knox County
                         No. 112041 G. Scott Green, Judge
                     ___________________________________

                            No. E2019-01147-CCA-R3-PC
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        Petitioner, Terry Trammell, was convicted by a Knox County Criminal Court jury
of theft over $1000 and sentenced to twelve years in prison. This Court affirmed the
judgment of the trial court on direct appeal. State v. Terry Trammell, No. E2016-01267-
CCA-R3-CD, 2017 WL 1861792, at *3 (Tenn. Crim. App. May 8, 2017), no perm. app.
filed. Petitioner sought post-conviction relief and the post-conviction court denied relief.
On appeal, Petitioner contends that the post-conviction court erred by denying his claim
that he received ineffective assistance of counsel during the guilt phase of the trial. After
a thorough review of the record, we affirm the judgment of the post-conviction court on
the basis that Petitioner received effective assistance of counsel.

 Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed

THOMAS T. WOODALL, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JOHN E.
WILLIAMS, P.J., and ROBERT L. HOLLOWAY. Jr., J. joined.

J. Liddell Kirk, Knoxville, Tennessee, for Petitioner, Terry Trammell.

Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Garrett D. Ward, Assistant
Attorney General; Charme P. Allen, District Attorney General; and Ta Kisha Fitzgerald,
Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                        OPINION

                                   Factual Background

       Petitioner, Terry Trammell, appeals the denial of his post-conviction petition.
Petitioner argues trial counsel was ineffective because trial counsel did not adequately
advise Petitioner about whether he should testify at trial. Petitioner claims had he been
advised to testify at trial he would have done so.

      The recitation of evidence in the direct appeal opinion contains the following:

             Defendant was indicted by the Knox County Grand Jury in October
      of 2015 for two counts of theft of property valued at least $1,000 but less
      than $10,000. Count One of the indictment alleged that Defendant
      knowingly and unlawfully obtained tablet computers from an Aaron’s Sales
      and Leasing store without their effective consent. Count Two of the
      indictment alleged that Defendant knowingly and unlawfully exercised
      control over tablet computers from Aaron’s Sales and Leasing.
                                          ...

      The matter proceeded to trial at which the general manager of Aaron’s
      Sales and Lease, Sam Hartness, testified. Mr. Hartness was responsible for
      monitoring the store’s delivery area in the back of the store as well as
      watching the area around the front desk.

              On July 9, 2015, Mr. Hartness had only been working at the North
      Broadway store location for approximately six months but had worked for
      the company for a longer period of time. At around 3:30 p.m., Mr.
      Hartness saw Defendant and several others walk into the store and look
      around. Admittedly, Mr. Hartness was busy because he was “short staffed
      that day” and he was “going back and forth” between the delivery area in
      the rear of the store and the showroom area in the front of the store where
      customers were looking around. Mr. Hartness did not witness Defendant
      and his companions leave the store but noticed “ten, fifteen minutes” later
      that they were gone. Mr. Hartness explained that it “was probably the next
      day when [he] was reconciling our weekly inventory [that he] realized that
      two of [the] tablets had gone missing.” Mr. Hartness recalled that the
      tablets were last seen on the front counter of the store and had a value of
      $549.99 each. Mr. Hartness explained that the tablets were not new but had
      been rented by “about two people” prior to their return to the store. The
      tablets could not be located so Mr. Hartness “reviewed the video cameras
      after talking to the associates to see if anybody had moved them.” On the
      video, Mr. Hartness identified Defendant. He saw Defendant “approach the
      front counter one of the times when [his] attention was not up front.”
      Defendant appeared to “reach[ ] over where ... the two tablets [were]
      laying, grab[ ] one of our monthly advertising flyers, slip[ ] it over [the

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       tablets], and tuck[ ] them under his arm and walk[ ] out the front door.”
       Mr. Hartness filed a police report.

              A few days later, Defendant returned to the store and asked about
       “some merchandise.” Mr. Hartness was able to get Defendant’s name and
       relay that information to the police. Mr. Hartness identified Defendant
       from a photographic lineup. Defendant did not present proof at trial. The
       jury found Defendant guilty of two counts of theft. The trial court
       sentenced Defendant as a Career Offender to twelve years on each count.
       The trial court merged Count Two with Count One, for a total effective
       sentence of twelve years at 60%.

Terry Trammell, 2017 WL 1861792, at *1-2.

                                  Post-Conviction Relief Petition

       On December 8, 2017, Petitioner filed a timely pro se petition for post-conviction
relief. Appointed counsel filed an amended petition claiming trial counsel was
ineffective because counsel failed to advise Petitioner that he needed to testify at trial to
explain his actions recorded on video evidence presented by the State.

                          April 11, 2019 Post-Conviction Hearing

        The post-conviction court held an evidentiary hearing April 11, 2019. Because
Petitioner raises only a single claim on appeal - that trial counsel was ineffective by
failing to advise Petitioner to testify at trial - we will limit our recitation of the testimony
at the post-conviction hearing to the testimony relevant to that issue only. See e.g.,
William Boatwright v. State, No. E2017-00211-CCA-R3-PC, 2018 WL 2324369, at *4
(Tenn. Crim. App. May 22, 2018). Trial counsel testified at the hearing about the
discovery received prior to the trial regarding Petitioner’s case. Trial counsel informed
Petitioner of the contents of the video prior to trial. Trial counsel confirmed that it is his
usual operating procedure to have a conversation with clients about whether or not to
testify, but he could not recall having that specific conversation with Petitioner. Trial
counsel testified if he had the conversation with Petitioner about testifying at trial it
“would go with my general wariness of a defendant taking the stand” and “it would go
with my general wariness of somebody with a felony record taking the stand.” Trial
counsel testified “generally I do not tell my clients one way or the other what to do, I
inform them and ask them to make the decision when they are informed [on the decision
to testify or not].” Trial counsel recalled, “[i]n all of my trials that I’ve done, I cannot
recall ever telling the defendant they should or should not take the stand. I make sure
they have their information, so that they can make an informed decision.”
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       Petitioner testified he had a conversation with trial counsel prior to trial about his
criminal history and the likelihood the State would bring up prior convictions during
cross-examination. Petitioner testified he made the decision not to testify solely because
of his prior criminal record, and trial counsel did not explain any other reasons why
Petitioner should or should not testify. Petitioner specifically testified that trial counsel
did not advise Petitioner to testify, and did not advise Petitioner not to testify. Petitioner
recalled having a conversation with the trial court during which the trial court clarified it
was ultimately Petitioner’s decision whether to testify.

                              Post-Conviction Court’s Order

       Following argument, the post-conviction court took the case under advisement. In
its order denying the petition, the court noted Petitioner alleged his conviction was
invalid because he received ineffective assistance of counsel premised upon counsel’s
advice to Petitioner he should not testify. The post-conviction court heard the testimony
of Petitioner as well as that of his trial counsel. It is undisputed that Petitioner was
properly given the appropriate Momon warnings prior to declining to testify. 18 S.W.3d
152, 155 (Tenn. 1999). The post-conviction court generally concluded that:

               At issue is the petitioner’s present assertion that he should have
       testified in order to “explain his actions recorded on video evidence
       presented by the State.” The evidence within the trial at issue consisted in
       part of a security video which clearly shows the defendant picking up the
       tablet in question in conjunction with a magazine/flyer and walking off
       with the same. Had the petitioner elected to testify and cast an innocent
       explanation for these events the jury would have discovered this
       [p]etitioner’s extensive criminal history. The Pre-Sentence Investigation
       Report lists twenty-two prior felony convictions attributed to this
       [petitioner] which convictions include multiple theft, forgery, and burglary
       offenses. It is inconceivable the [p]etitioner would have provided a
       credible explanation which would have altered the outcome of his trial. It
       was/is sound trial strategy to avoid exposing the petitioner’s extensive
       criminal history. As a consequence, this Court may not second guess
       counsel’s trial tactics where the same are reasonable and based upon sound
       professional judgment. See e.g. State v. Smith, 24 S.W.3d 274 (Tenn.
       2000). This Court finds that counsel’s advice to the [p]etitioner that he
       should not testify was reasonable under the facts of this case and is not a
       basis for relief within this proceeding.



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                                       Standard of Review

       To obtain post-conviction relief, a petitioner must prove that his or her conviction
or sentence is void or voidable because of the abridgement of a right guaranteed by the
United States Constitution or the Tennessee Constitution. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-103
(2019); Howell v. State, 151 S.W.3d 450, 460 (Tenn. 2004). A post-conviction petitioner
bears the burden of proving his or her allegations of fact by clear and convincing
evidence. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-110(f) (2019); Dellinger v. State, 279 S.W.3d 282,
293-94 (Tenn. 2009). “Evidence is clear and convincing when there is no serious or
substantial doubt about the correctness of the conclusions drawn from the evidence.”
Grindstaff v. State, 297 S.W.3d 208, 216 (Tenn. 2009) (quoting Hicks v. State, 983
S.W.2d 240, 245 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1998)). Under the Sixth Amendment, when a claim
of ineffective assistance of counsel is made, the burden is on the petitioner to show (1)
that counsel’s performance was deficient and (2) that the deficiency was prejudicial.
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984); see Lockhart v. Fretwell, 506 U.S.
364, 368-72 (1993). Failure to satisfy either prong results in the denial of relief.
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697.

        The deficient performance prong of the test is satisfied by showing that “counsel’s
acts or omissions were so serious as to fall below an objective standard of reasonableness
under prevailing professional norms.” Goad v. State, 938 S.W.2d 363, 370 (Tenn. 1966)
(citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688; Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn. 1975)).
The prejudice prong of the test is satisfied by showing a reasonable probability, i.e., a
“probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome,” that “but for counsel’s
unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.”
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694.

                                 Failure to testify at trial

       Petitioner asserts trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance by failing to advise
him to testify in light of the video evidence received by trial counsel. The deficient
performance prong of the test is satisfied by showing “counsel’s acts or omissions were
so serious as to fall below an objective standard or reasonableness under prevailing
professional norms.” Goad, 938 S.W. 2d at 370 (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688;
Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn. 1975)). Moreover, the reviewing court must
indulge a strong presumption that the conduct of counsel falls within the range of
reasonable professional assistance. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 690.

        Trial counsel testified he did not believe there was a good defense and the best
trial strategy was to attempt to poke holes in the State’s case. Trial counsel testified it
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was his standard operating procedure to have a conversation with clients about the
decision to testify. Upon review of the record, Petitioner was advised of his right to
testify by both trial counsel and the trial court. Petitioner was also advised by both trial
counsel and the trial court that if he did choose to testify his previous criminal
convictions could be used against him to impeach his testimony. The trial court
concluded that it is “inconceivable the Petitioner would have provided a credible
explanation which would have altered the outcome of the trial” and “it was/is sound trial
strategy to avoid exposing the petitioner’s extensive criminal history.”

        This Court has held that “not every mistake of judgment or misconception of law
made by defense counsel will deprive the accused of his constitutional right to effective
representation nor is the accused deprived of such a right because a different procedure or
strategy might have produced a different result.” See Williams v. State 599 S.W.2d 276,
280 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1980). Contrary to the post-conviction court’s finding that trial
counsel specifically advised Petitioner to not testify, our review shows that neither trial
counsel nor Petitioner stated that such advice was given. Petitioner specifically testified
that trial counsel did not advise Petitioner to not testify. Trial counsel testified that he did
not recall his exact conversation on this matter with Petitioner, but his normal procedure
was to advise a client of the pros and cons of testifying, and allow the client to make the
decision. The error by the post-conviction court’s finding of fact does not affect the
result. The record is undisputed that trial counsel advised Petitioner that his prior
criminal record could be used against him if he testified. Petitioner chose not to testify
based upon his desire that the jury not know about his extensive prior criminal record.
The post-conviction court listed the extensive prior criminal record in its order denying
relief. The record abundantly supports the post-conviction court’s denial of relief to
Petitioner. Neither deficient performance nor prejudice to Petitioner was proven.

                                         Conclusion

       For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the post-conviction court is affirmed.


                                    ____________________________________
                                    THOMAS T. WOODALL, JUDGE




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