                                  NUMBER 13-11-228-CV

                                COURT OF APPEALS

                     THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

                        CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG

                       IN THE INTEREST OF M.J.W., A CHILD


                      On appeal from the 288th District Court
                            of Bexar County, Texas.


                            MEMORANDUM OPINION
                  Before Justices Rodriguez, Vela, and Perkes
                     Memorandum Opinion by Justice Vela
       This is an appeal from an order modifying child support.1 By one issue, appellant

contends that the trial court abused its discretion by awarding child support when no

pleadings requesting child support were filed. We affirm.




       1
          Pursuant to a docket-equalization order issued by the Supreme Court of Texas, this case is
before us on transfer from the Fourth Court of Appeals in San Antonio, Texas. See TEX. GOV'T CODE ANN.
§ 73.001 (West 2005).
                                      I. BACKGROUND

       Appellant, Christopher J. Wendtland, and appellee, Griselda Vargas, divorced in

1997. They had one child, M.J.W., who turned eighteen in July 2010.

       On July 31, 2009, Vargas filed a pro-se ―Original Petition to Modify Parent-Child

Relationship.‖ This petition stated that no child support would be paid by either party

―following the signing of this.‖ Wendtland was never served with this petition. Vargas

filed another petition to modify parent-child relationship on September 3, 2009. This

petition sought to modify a prior order issued on January 31, 2006, which gave Wendtland

primary custody of M.J.W. Vargas was represented by counsel when she filed the

second pleading. This petition stated that the circumstances of the child, a conservator,

or other party affected had materially and substantially changed. It further stated that

―petitioner believes that the parties will enter into a written agreement containing

provisions for modification of the order providing for possession of and access to the

child.‖ The petition did not specifically mention child support. Wendtland answered the

lawsuit, but did not specially except to the petition.

       On September 28, 2010, over a year later, the trial court held a hearing on

Vargas’s motion to modify. After the questioning of Wendtland had begun, counsel for

Wendtland objected that the pleadings supported only a change of possession and

access. Counsel for Vargas responded that she was seeking support only for the time

period after filing the motion to modify until the child’s eighteenth birthday. The trial court

went forward with the hearing over the single objection. By the time the case was heard

by the trial court, M.J.W. was already eighteen.


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      At that hearing, Wendtland testified that as of September 2009, M.J.W. was

staying with Vargas. He agreed that he had not paid Vargas any support during this

period of time. M.J.W. was previously in Wendtland’s custody, pursuant to the 2006

order. The testimony then turned to questions regarding Wendtland’s income and the

expenses he had paid on M.J.W.’s behalf while M.J.W. was with Vargas, including college

tuition, mobile telephone, and automobile insurance.

      Vargas testified that in August 2009, M.J.W. wanted to live with her. Wendtland

provided her no child support during the time M.J.W. was living with her. Vargas said

she was requesting support from the time M.J.W. came to live with her until the day he

turned eighteen.

      The trial court ordered Wendtland to pay Vargas $6,000.00 for child support owed

beginning September 1, 2009 through July 1, 2010.            The order further required

Wendtland to pay the award in installments of $400.00 per month. Findings of fact were

requested and proposed findings were filed by both parties. The record reflects that the

trial court signed Wendtland’s proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law. No

argument is before us with respect to the amount of support the trial court ordered.

                     II. STANDARD OF REVIEW AND APPLICABLE LAW

      We review the trial court's award of child support for abuse of discretion. See

Worford v. Stamper, 801 S.W.2d 108, 109 (Tex. 1990); Garza v. Blanton, 55 S.W.3d 708,

710 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2001, no pet.). A trial court abuses its discretion when it

acts arbitrarily, unreasonably, or without reference to any guiding rules or principles.

Downer v. Aquamarine Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 241–42 (Tex. 1985); Newberry


                                            3
v. Bohn-Newberry, 146 S.W.3d 233, 235 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2004, no pet.).

Under an abuse of discretion standard, legal and factual sufficiency are not independent

grounds of error, but are relevant factors in assessing whether the trial court abused its

discretion. In re T.J.L., 97 S.W.3d 257, 266 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, no

pet.). A trial court does not abuse its discretion when some evidence of a substantive

and probative character supports the trial court's order. Newberry, 146 S.W.3d at 235.

       Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 90 provides that in a non-jury matter, every defect,

omission or fault in a pleading, either in form or substance, which is not specifically

pointed out by exception in writing and brought to the attention of the judge in the trial

court before the judgment is signed is deemed to have been waived. TEX. R. CIV. P. 90.

Texas follows a ―fair notice‖ standard for pleading. Horizon/CMS Healthcare Corp. v.

Auld, 34 S.W.3d 887, 896 (Tex. 2000); see also TEX. R. CIV. P. 45 (―All pleadings shall be

construed so as to do substantial justice‖). In the absence of special exceptions, a

petition should be construed liberally in favor of the pleader. Auld, 34 S.W.3d at 897;

Boyles v. Kerr, 855 S.W.2d 593, 601 (Tex. 1993) (op. on reh'g); London v. London, 192

S.W.3d 6, 13 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, pet. denied).

       The Texas Family Code allows for the modification of a support order only as to

obligations accruing after the earlier of the date of service of citation or an appearance in

the motion to modify. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 156.401 (b)(West 2008). A trial court is

given broad discretion in setting and modifying child support payments. London, 192

S.W.3d at 15. In matters concerning support and custody of children, the paramount

concern is the best interest of the child, and the technical rules of pleading and practice


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are of little importance. See Leithold v. Plass, 413 S.W.2d 698, 701 (Tex. 1967); Wolters

v. White, 659 S.W.2d 885, 888 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1983, pet. dism’d). Cases can

proceed to trial without the defendant's response or answer.          See Roquemore v.

Roquemore, 431 S.W.2d 595, 600 (Tex. Civ. App.—Corpus Christi 1968, no writ). A

court may award child support without any request for it in the pleadings. Boriack v.

Boriack, 541 S.W.2d 237, 242 (Tex. Civ. App.—Corpus Christi 1976, writ dism’d). A

judge may even grant more child support than requested. Poulter v. Poulter, 565 S.W.2d

107, 111 (Tex. Civ. App.—Tyler 1978, no writ). The trial court has the power to order

retroactive support back to the original motion to modify as long as the other party is on

notice that child support is at issue.      In re Tucker, 96 S.W.3d 662, 667 (Tex.

App.—Texarkana 2003, no pet.).

                                          III. ANALYSIS

       Here, the original pleading mentioned child support, but was unclear.          The

pleading later filed by counsel was vague, at best. It does not mention child support.

The second motion to modify did not indicate whether it was supposed to be an

amendment to the original, a supplement to it, or a new motion. Although Wendtland

objected to the state of the pleadings at the hearing, he filed no special exceptions, and

the hearing went forward without further objection. The trial court observed that the

second motion filed by counsel was not called an amended pleading. It appears that the

trial court did not consider the second motion to modify as a new motion. Rather, the trial

court considered both the pro se motion and the motion filed or supplemented by

Wendtland’s counsel when it decided to go forward with respect to hearing evidence


                                            5
regarding child support. We conclude that the trial court impliedly determined that notice

with respect to child support was provided.

       The trial court heard evidence that M.J.W. had been living with Vargas for several

months before he turned eighteen and Vargas had received no support from Wendtland

during that time. The record was also clear that counsel for Wendtland was prepared for

a discussion with regard to support, and Wendtland had information with him regarding

his budget. Vargas’s original motion to modify was filed around the time M.J.W. came to

live with her. The second pleading was filed a few months later, in September 2009.

For some reason, not apparent from the record, the hearing was not held until a year later,

in September 2010, two months after M.J.W. turned eighteen. It is conceivable that the

trial court decided to go forward in the absence of clear pleadings requesting child

support. All parties must have been aware that child support was in issue at the time of

the hearing, because a modification of custody, after the child turned eighteen, would not

have been in issue. Given the wide discretion afforded a trial court in matters of support

and custody, the failure of Wendtland to specially except to the pleadings, and the single

objection made after the hearing had already begun, we will not disturb the trial court’s

ruling even if we would have decided the matter differently.

       Wendtland argues that specific notice needs to be given when retroactive child

support is sought. Some case law supports his argument.2 We note, however, that the

trial court ordered support only from September 2009, the time of the filing of Vargas’s

second motion to modify and when M.J.W. began living with Vargas, until M.J.W. turned


       2
         See e.g. Martinez v. Martinez, 61 S.W.3d 589, 590–91 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2001, no pet.);
Grundy v. Grundy, 589 S.W.2d 776, 777 (Tex. Civ. App.—Dallas 1979, no writ).
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eighteen.   The trial court simply awarded support for the time that M.J.W. was in

Vargas's custody until he turned eighteen. It was a logical decision on the trial court’s

part since Vargas had regularly paid child support to Wendtland during the time periods

that M.J.W. was in Wendtland's custody.

      Wendtland cites Martinez v. Martinez as authority for his position that Vargas’s

pleadings were not sufficient to put him on notice that she was seeking child support. 61

S.W.3d 589, 590–91 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2001, no pet.). Martinez was a restricted

appeal in which the trial court’s judgment ordered ―arrearages‖ of $33,600. The husband

in Martinez had filed a waiver of citation and had not appeared at trial. The court held

that specific pleadings are required when seeking retroactive child support. Id. Here,

however, Vargas's motion sought modification of support because M.J.W. had moved in

with her and was in her custody. We find Martinez inapplicable for that reason and,

because in Martinez, the father of the children did not attend the hearing. Martinez was,

in essence, akin to a default on the issue of retroactive support. Here, Wendtland was

not only present at the hearing, he was prepared with respect to his expenses.

      Wendtland also relies on Grundy v. Grundy, which we find inapposite. In that

case, the appellate court found that there was no evidence offered to support a

retroactive order of child support. 589 S.W.2d 776, 777 (Tex. Civ. App.—Dallas 1979,

no writ). Here, even if the support could be considered retroactive, there was evidence

of the time frame M.J.W. resided with Vargas and evidence with respect to some of the

expenses she incurred during that time, including food, clothing, and occasional money

for gas. There was also testimony regarding Wendtland's ability to pay, including his


                                           7
salary and his household expenses. Based on the above, we conclude there was no

abuse of discretion and we overrule Wendtland's issue.

                                    IV. CONCLUSION

      We affirm the judgment of the trial court.




                                                   ROSE VELA
                                                   Justice

Delivered and filed the
29th day of September, 2011.




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