                               COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


Present: Chief Judge Felton, Judges Humphreys and Alston
Argued at Salem, Virginia


JACOB DOUGLAS PEYTON, IV
                                                            MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v.     Record No. 0683-08-3                             CHIEF JUDGE WALTER S. FELTON, JR.
                                                                   MAY 12, 2009
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA


                   FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF ROCKBRIDGE COUNTY
                                Michael S. Irvine, Judge

                 James V. Doss, III, for appellant.

                 Robert H. Anderson, III, Senior Assistant Attorney General
                 (Robert F. McDonnell, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.


       Following a bench trial, Jacob Douglas Peyton, IV (“appellant”) was convicted of

statutory burglary in violation of Code § 18.2-91, and grand larceny in violation of Code

§ 18.2-95. On appeal, he contends the trial court erred in denying his motion to dismiss the

indictments, arguing that the Commonwealth failed to commence his trial within the time

required by the Interstate Agreement on Detainers (“IAD”), Code §§ 53.1-210 to 53.1-215.

Finding no error, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

                                         I. BACKGROUND

       At the hearing on appellant’s motion to dismiss the Rockbridge County indictments for

failure to try him within the time requirements of the IAD, the evidence established that felony

arrest warrants were issued on August 1, 2006 charging appellant with burglary of a Rockbridge




       *
           Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
County supermarket on July 20, 2006, and grand larceny from that business. 1 Prior to being

served with those warrants, appellant left Virginia. In September 2006, appellant was arrested in

Belmont County, Ohio, on two charges of assaulting a peace officer. Thereafter, while awaiting

trial on the Ohio charges, appellant learned of the outstanding felony arrest warrants against him

in Rockbridge County and Augusta County through a telephone call from Kevin Welcher.

Welcher informed appellant that they were both being charged with several offenses committed

in those localities. Appellant testified that, during the last week of September 2006, he received

copies of felony arrest warrants from Virginia, which had been faxed to the Ohio correctional

facility in which he was incarcerated. The record does not reflect which felony arrest warrants,

other than those from Rockbridge County, he received by fax.

        On December 6, 2006, appellant pled guilty to the Ohio charges, pursuant to a plea

agreement, in the Court of Common Pleas for Belmont County, Ohio. On the same date, the Ohio

court sentenced appellant to incarceration in the Ohio correctional system for one year on each of

the convictions, with the sentences to run concurrently, and directed that the sentences “shall run

concurrent with any sentence imposed upon [appellant] by the State of Virginia for a parole

violation and [appellant] may be returned to the State of Virginia to serve this sentence.” 2

(Emphasis added). Appellant testified that, while still incarcerated in Ohio, he sent a certified letter

directly to Raymond C. Robertson, Commonwealth’s Attorney for the City of Staunton, “requesting

a speedy trial.” Appellant presented a receipt for certified mail delivered to Robertson on January

18, 2007. However, the record on appeal does not contain a copy of the letter which appellant


        1
         Appellant testified that arrest warrants were also obtained in Augusta County and the
City of Staunton charging him with burglaries committed in those localities during the same time
period.
        2
         The record on appeal shows that appellant was on mandatory parole at the time of the
offenses at issue in this appeal.

                                                  -2-
testified he sent to Robertson. On February 12, 2007, appellant signed an “Agreement to Return”

to the City of Staunton, where four felony arrest warrants for burglary and four for grand larceny

were pending. 3

        On September 21, 2007, appellant was transferred from Ohio to Virginia and was confined

at Middle River Regional Jail in Verona, a regional jail serving the jurisdictions involved here. That

same day, the Rockbridge County felony arrest warrants charging burglary and grand larceny were

served on appellant. On November 5, 2007, following a preliminary hearing on the arrest warrants,

appellant was indicted by a Rockbridge County grand jury for the July 20, 2006 burglary and grand

larceny of the supermarket in Rockbridge County. Appellant filed a motion to dismiss the

Rockbridge County indictments, asserting that he had not been tried within 180 days as required by

the IAD, Code § 53.1-210. On December 3, 2007, the trial court denied appellant’s motion to

dismiss and convicted him of burglary and grand larceny.

                                           II. ANALYSIS

        Appellant contends the trial court erred in denying his motion to dismiss the Rockbridge

County burglary and grand larceny indictments, asserting that pursuant to the IAD he was required

to have been tried within 180 days of January 18, 2007, the day the Commonwealth’s Attorney for

the City of Staunton received his certified letter requesting a speedy trial. For the following reasons,

we affirm the judgment of the trial court denying appellant’s motion to dismiss.

        Both Virginia and Ohio have adopted the Interstate Agreement on Detainers. See

Code §§ 53.1-210 to 53.1-215. “The purpose of this congressionally sanctioned interstate

compact is to encourage expeditious disposition of outstanding criminal charges, where one

jurisdiction has lodged a detainer with prison authorities of another jurisdiction where the subject


        3
       Appellant also signed a nearly identical “Agreement to Return” to the City of Staunton on
September 10, 2007.

                                                 -3-
of the outstanding charges is incarcerated.” Valentine v. Commonwealth, 18 Va. App. 334,

337-38, 443 S.E.2d 445, 447 (1994). “When making a request for final disposition of pending

charges under the provisions of the [IAD], a defendant must strictly comply with the procedure

established by the Code. However, once properly invoked, ‘[t]his [A]greement shall be liberally

construed so as to effectuate its purposes.’” Drew v. Commonwealth, 39 Va. App. 224, 227, 571

S.E.2d 928, 930 (2002) (quoting Code § 53.1-210, Art. IX) (emphasis added) (second and third

alterations in original) (citation omitted).

        Article III(a)-(b) of the IAD provides in pertinent part:

                Whenever a person has entered upon a term of imprisonment in a
                penal or correctional institution of a party state, and whenever
                during the continuance of the term of imprisonment there is
                pending in any other party state any untried indictment,
                information or complaint on the basis of which a detainer has been
                lodged against the prisoner, he shall be brought to trial within 180
                days after he shall have caused to be delivered to the prosecuting
                officer and the appropriate court of the prosecuting officers’
                jurisdiction written notice of the place of his imprisonment and his
                request for a final disposition to be made of the indictment,
                information or complaint . . . .

Code § 53.1-210, Art. III(a) (emphasis added).

                A request for final disposition “shall be given or sent by the
                prisoner to [such] . . . official having custody of him, who shall
                promptly forward it . . . to the appropriate prosecuting official and
                court,” “accompanied by a certificate of the . . . official . . . ,
                stating the term of commitment under which the prisoner is being
                held, the time already served, the time remaining to be served on
                the sentence, the amount of good time earned, the time of parole
                eligibility . . . and any decisions of the state parole agency relating
                to the prisoner.”

Miller v. Commonwealth, 29 Va. App. 625, 630, 513 S.E.2d 896, 899 (1999) (quoting Code

§ 53.1-210, Art. III(a)-(b)) (emphasis added) (alterations in original).

        The record on appeal reveals that no “indictment, information or complaint,” as defined

in Article III of the IAD, was pending against appellant in Rockbridge County or any other


                                                  -4-
locality in Virginia, during his incarceration in Ohio. Code § 53.1-210, Art. III(a). While felony

arrest warrants were issued for appellant on August 1, 2006 in Rockbridge County, he was not

indicted on those charges until November 5, 2007, after he returned to Virginia. We have

previously held that “the [IAD] was intended to apply only to instruments such as indictments,

informations or complaints upon which the detainee could be tried immediately upon his return.

This definition does not include a felony warrant of arrest . . . .” Locklear v. Commonwealth, 7

Va. App. 659, 663, 376 S.E.2d 793, 795 (1989) (emphasis added).

       Appellant admitted to the trial court that no notice of demand for trial under the IAD was

sent to the Commonwealth’s Attorney for Rockbridge County, and the record on appeal contains

no notice filed with any Rockbridge County court invoking the provisions of the IAD. See Code

§ 53.1-210, Art. III(a) (“[prisoner] shall have caused to be delivered to the prosecuting officer

and the appropriate court of the prosecuting officers’ jurisdiction written notice of . . . his request

for a final disposition . . . of the indictment”); Yiaadey v. Commonwealth, 29 Va. App. 534, 543,

513 S.E.2d 446, 450-51 (1999) (“Of the justifications for requiring strict compliance with Article

III procedures, the Commonwealth’s need for notice of a prisoner’s request for final disposition

of a pending indictment, is of singular importance under our decisions.”). Moreover, at the

hearing on the motion to dismiss, appellant produced only a copy of a certified mail return

receipt showing mail delivery to the Commonwealth’s Attorney for the City of Staunton.

Appellant testified that the receipt was for a letter he sent to the Commonwealth’s Attorney for

the City of Staunton, demanding a speedy trial. The record on appeal does not contain the letter

or the “warden’s certificate” required under Article III(a)-(b) of Code § 53.1-210. See Eckard v.

Commonwealth, 20 Va. App. 619, 627, 460 S.E.2d 242, 246 (1995) (“a prisoner’s Article III

request must come through the prison authorities in the sending state and must be accompanied

by the warden’s certificate”).

                                                 -5-
                “We have many times pointed out that on appeal the judgment of
                the lower court is presumed to be correct and the burden is on the
                appellant to present to us a sufficient record from which we can
                determine whether the lower court has erred in the respect
                complained of. If the appellant fails to do this, the judgment will
                be affirmed.” . . . We may act only upon facts contained in the
                record.

Smith v. Commonwealth, 16 Va. App. 630, 635, 432 S.E.2d 2, 6 (1993) (quoting Justis v.

Young, 202 Va. 631, 632, 119 S.E.2d 255, 256-57 (1961)).

        As we have previously held, in order to invoke the benefits of the IAD, “the prisoner must

make a written request for final disposition of an indictment upon which a detainer is based and

deliver that request to the warden of the institution where the prisoner is incarcerated,” and “‘the

warden must forward [the request], together with a certificate providing certain information about

the prisoner’s terms of confinement, to the appropriate prosecuting official and court of the

receiving State.’” Yiaadey, 29 Va. App. at 542, 513 S.E.2d at 450 (quoting Delgado v.

Commonwealth, 16 Va. App. 50, 56, 428 S.E.2d 27, 30 (1993)) (emphasis added) (alteration in

original). See also, id. at 544, 513 S.E.2d at 451 (“failure to strictly comply with the requirements

of Article III is fatal to [appellant’s] claim”).

        From the record on appeal, we conclude that appellant failed to show he complied with

the requirements of the IAD and that the trial court did not err in denying appellant’s motion to

dismiss the Rockbridge County indictments charging him with burglary and grand larceny of the

Rockbridge County supermarket on July 20, 2006. As the evidence presented at trial was

sufficient to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant was guilty on those indictments, we

affirm the judgment of the trial court.

                                                                                             Affirmed.




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