 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

STATE OF WASHINGTON,
                                                No. 75235-9-1
                      Respondent,
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MATTHEW GLENN GOINS,                                                                       I   ~n

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                     Appellant.                 FILED: October 3, 2016                 —i*     -L~. •-

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       Trickey, J. — Matthew Goins appeals his convictions for possession of a         —
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stolen motorcycle, identity theft, and possession of a stolen credit card.       He

challenges the sufficiency of the State's evidence for each charge, alleging there

is insufficient proof of intent or guilty knowledge. The State argues the evidence

permitted inferences that Goins knew the motorcycle and credit card were stolen

and that Goins intended to use the credit card to commit a crime.

       Because we hold that the jury could reasonably have inferred that Goins

knew the motorcycle was stolen and knew the credit card was stolen, we affirm

those convictions. But, because Goins's possession of a stolen credit card alone

cannot support inferences that Goins intended to commit a crime with it, we

reverse his conviction for identity theft.

                                        FACTS

       In January 2014, Jack Dalton's wife's purse was stolen. Dalton's American

Express card, which also functioned as his Costco identity card, was in it. He and

his wife reported the theft to the police and cancelled the card. Dalton is not sure

ifthere were ever any unauthorized charges made with his card.

       In late September 2014, Mary Elmore noticed that her husband's 1982
No. 75235-9-1/2



Honda motorcycle was missing. The motorcycle was intact but not running, due

to a problem with the battery. The ignition was intact and the Elmores had all the

keys. Mary Elmore reported the theft to the police.

      Early in the morning on November 24, 2014, when it was still dark, Officer

Jeffrey Robillard responded to a report of a prowler at a house in Tacoma. As he

drew near the house, he saw a car parked on the street with its hood up and a tow

rope attached to the back. When he got closer to the car, he could see two men

near it. He asked the men ifthey had approached the house; they stated that they

had not. Officer Robillard looked around the house, spoke with the residents, and,

after finding no one prowling, returned to the men.

      Officer Robillard asked them ifthey needed any help. He noticed that there

was also a motorcycle parked in front of the car. The men told Officer Robillard

that they had towed the car with the motorcycle. Officer Robillard observed that

one of the men, later identified as Matthew Goins, was moving in a way that

suggested he was trying to shield the motorcycle's license plate from view. Officer

Robillard eventually saw the license plate number and returned to his patrol car to

check it. He discovered the motorcycle was stolen.

       Officer Robillard arrested Goins. He found methamphetamine in Goins's

pocket and Dalton's American Express card in Goins's wallet. Goins first told

Officer Robillard that he had been working on the motorcycle and planned to buy

it from someone. Then he explained that he had already bought it for $1,000 from

someone named Jeremy Rainwater. The motorcycle turned out to be Elmore's.

The ignition lock was missing and had to be started by holding wires together.
No. 75235-9-1/3


       The State charged Goins with unlawful possession of a stolen vehicle,

unlawful possession of a controlled substance, identity theft in the second degree,

and possession of stolen property, an access device, in the second degree.

       At trial, Goins testified that he had learned about the motorcycle from his

friend, who had seen a Craigslist advertisement for its sale. The day before he

was arrested he met the seller, named either Jeremy Rainwater or Gainwater,

outside a 7-Eleven convenience store and paid cash for it. He testified that, when

arrested, he told Officer Robillard he had received a bill of sale, which he claimed

was in the glove compartment of the car. He had not been suspicious about the

ignition and missing key because it was an old motorcycle and "keys get lost."1

       Officer Robillard rebutted this testimony and testified that Goins had never

mentioned the bill of sale and that Goins originally told him he had purchased the

motorcycle weeks before the arrest.

       Goins also testified that he had found the American Express card in the

street outside a 7-Eleven a few days before he was arrested. He had planned to

attempt to return the card to the owner but was arrested before he got the chance.

There was an American Express number on the card, but no number to contact

Dalton himself. The State did not present any evidence that Goins or anyone else

had used the American Express card since it was stolen.

       The jury convicted Goins of all charges.      He appeals the possession of

stolen property, identity theft, and possession of a stolen motor vehicle convictions,

but does not appeal his conviction for possession of a controlled substance.



1 Report of Proceedings (RP) at 225.
No. 75235-9-1/4


                                     ANALYSIS

                             Sufficiency of the Evidence

         The State must prove all elements of a charged crime beyond a reasonable

doubt.    State v. Larson, 184 Wn.2d 843, 854, 365 P.3d 740 (2015). When a

criminal defendant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence proved against him,

we determine whether, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the

State, "any rational trier of fact could have found guilt beyond a reasonable doubt."

State v. Salinas, 119 Wn.2d 192, 201, 829 P.2d 1068 (1992). We accept as true

all the State's evidence and any inferences that the jury could reasonably have

drawn from it. Salinas, 119 Wn.2d at 201. But the inferences "cannot be based

on speculation." State v. Vasquez, 178 Wn.2d 1, 16, 309 P.3d 318, 325 (2013).

         If there is not sufficient evidence to support a defendant's convictions, we

must reverse and dismiss those convictions. State v. Hickman, 135 Wn.2d 97,

103, 954 P.2d 900 (1998).

                           Possession of a Stolen Vehicle

         Goins argues that there was insufficient evidence to prove that he knew that

the motorcycle was stolen. The State responds that the jury could infer guilty

knowledge from the way Goins had to start the motorcycle and the fact that Goins

had nothing to document his purchase. We agree with the State.

         The jury may convict a defendant of possession of a stolen vehicle if the
defendant knowingly possessed the vehicle, knew the vehicle was stolen, and

"withheld or appropriated" the vehicle for the use of someone other than the true

owner.     11A Washington Practice: Washington Pattern Jury Instructions:
No. 75235-9-1/5


Criminal 77.21 (3d ed. 2008) (WPIC); RCW 9A.56.068, .140(1).

       Here, Goins challenges only the sufficiency of the State's proof that he knew

the motorcycle was stolen. The State presented evidence from which a jury could

reasonably infer that Goins knew the motorcycle was stolen.              First, Goins

attempted to shield the motorcycle's license plate from Officer Robillard. Second,

Goins changed his story about how he acquired the motorcycle.               Third, the

motorcycle's ignition was broken and Goins had to use wires to start the engine.

We hold that there was sufficient evidence for a jury to conclude beyond a

reasonable doubt that Goins knew the motorcycle was stolen.

                           Possession of Stolen Property

       Goins argues that there was insufficient evidence to prove that he knew that

the credit card was stolen. The State responds that we can infer Goins's guilty

knowledge from the fact that Goins had the credit card in his wallet and made no

attempt to return it. We agree with the State.

       The jury may convict a defendant of possessing a stolen access device if

the defendant possessed the stolen access device, knew the access device was

stolen, and withheld or appropriated the access device for the use of someone

other than the true owner. RCW 9A.56.160(1)(c), .140(1); WPIC 77.06. "[B]are

possession of recently stolen property alone is not sufficient to justifya conviction."

State v. Couet, 71 Wn.2d 773, 775, 430 P.2d 974 (1967).               But possession

combined with "'slight corroborative evidence'" may justify a conviction. State v.

Portee. 25 Wn.2d 246, 253-54, 170 P.2d 326 (1946) (quoting 4 Clark A. Nichols,

Applied Evidence Possession of Stolen Property § 293, at 3664 (1928)). One
No. 75235-9-1/6


circumstance that may corroborate the State's claim that a defendant knew

property was stolen is if the defendant offers an explanation of how he came to

possess the property which a "jurycould regard as improbable." Portee, 25 Wn.2d

at 254.


          Here, there was very little evidence related to the American Express card.

Someone stole Dalton's American Express card in January 2014. Officer Robillard

recovered it from Goins in late November 2014. The card was in Goins's wallet.

There was no way for Goins to return the card to Dalton directly. The State's case

was that Goins had the card in his wallet and that Goins's attempt to explain why

it was in his wallet was unreasonable. That is enough corroborating evidence for

a jury to infer beyond a reasonable doubt that Goins knew the American Express

card was stolen. We affirm Goins's conviction for possession of stolen property in

the second degree.

                                      Identity Theft

          Goins also challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support his identity

theft conviction. Specifically, Goins argues that the State cannot show he intended

to commit a crime. The State argues that the jury could have reasonably inferred,

beyond a reasonable doubt, that Goins intended to commit a crime with the

American Express card because he put it in his wallet and did not attempt to return

it to the owner. We agree with Goins.

          To convict a defendant of identity theft in the second degree, the jury must

find beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant knowingly possessed a means

of identification or financial information of another person, and that the defendant
No. 75235-9-1/7


acted with the intent to commit any crime. RCW 9.35.020(1), (3); WPIC 131.06.

The jury may infer intent if "the defendant's conduct and surrounding facts and
circumstances plainly indicate such an intent as a matter of logical probability."

State v. Woods, 63 Wn. App. 588, 591, 821 P.2d 1235 (1991). But possession of

contraband alone is not sufficient to infer intent to use that contraband in an illegal

way. Vasquez, 178Wn.2dat8.

       In a forgery case, where the State had to prove intent to injure or defraud,
the court held that a defendant's mere possession of a forged identification in his

walletwas not sufficientto sustain a conviction. Vasquez, 178Wn.2dat 13. There,

the defendant had a forged Social Security card and permanent resident card with
his name on them. Vasquez, 178 Wn.2d at 4-5. The court held that inferring intent

from mere possession would relieve the State of its burden to prove every element
beyond a reasonable doubt. Vasquez, 178 Wn.2d at 7.
        Here, as with the possession of stolen property charge, the State's main
argument is that the jury can infer that Goins intended to commit a crime with
Dalton's American Express card from the fact that he had the card in his wallet.
The State offers, as further proof, that the American Express card also served as
Dalton's proof and identification for Costco membership. The card has a small
picture of Dalton on the back. Because Goins and Dalton match the same generic
physical description, the State argues that the jury could infer that Goins intended
to use the card to impersonate Dalton.2
        But, since having a forged document with the defendant's own name in his

 2Officer Robillard described the picture as of a "white male with short dark hair and a dark
 goatee." He testified that, atthe time of his arrest, Goins had a goatee. RP at 174.
No. 75235-9-1/8


wallet was not sufficient to prove that the defendant intended to use the forged

documents in Vasquez, Goins's possession of an American Express card that

contains a photo resembling him cannot be sufficient to prove he intended to

commita crime with the card. Ajury cannot infer intent beyond a reasonable doubt

from the State's evidence. Therefore, we reverse Goins's conviction for identity

theft in the second degree.

      We affirm Goins's conviction for possession of a stolen motor vehicle and

possession of stolen property, but reverse and dismiss his convictions for identity
theft. We remand for resentencing on the remaining convictions.




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