[Cite as State v. Tharp, 2015-Ohio-4267.]


                                        COURT OF APPEALS
                                       STARK COUNTY, OHIO
                                    FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT



STATE OF OHIO                                      JUDGES:
                                                   Hon. John W. Wise, P. J.
        Plaintiff-Appellee                         Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
                                                   Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
-vs-
                                                   Case No. 2015 CA 00018
RICHARD THARP

        Defendant-Appellant                        OPINION




CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                       Criminal Appeal from the Canton Municipal
                                               Court, Case No. 2014 TRC 7856


JUDGMENT:                                      Affirmed



DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                         October 13, 2015



APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee                         For Defendant-Appellant

JOSEPH MARTUCCIO                               CRISTIN ROUSH
CANTON LAW DIRECTOR                            PUBLIC DEFENDER'S OFFICE
TYRONE D. HAURITZ                              201 Cleveland Avenue Sw
CANTON CITY PROSECUTOR                         Suite 104
KATIE ERCHICK                                  Canton, Ohio 44702
ASSISTANT PROSECUTOR
218 Cleveland Avenue SW, PO Box 24218
Canton, Ohio 44701-4218
Stark County, Case No. 2015 CA 00018                                                     2

Wise, P. J.

       {¶1}   Appellant Richard Tharp appeals the decision of the Canton Municipal

Court, Stark County, which denied his motion to suppress evidence in an OVI case.

       {¶2}   Appellee is the State of Ohio.

                                   STATEMENT OF THE FACTS

       {¶3}    The relevant facts leading to this appeal are as follows:

       {¶4}   On or about November 8, 2014, at approximately 11:36 p.m., Ohio State

Highway Patrol Sergeant David Garber was traveling eastbound on Navarre Road, east

of Dueber, in the city of Canton, when he observed a vehicle travel left of center. (Supp.

T. at 5). Sgt. Garber turned around to follow the vehicle. (Supp. T. at 5, 12). Once

behind the vehicle, Sgt. Garber observed the vehicle make an improper red light stop,

stopping past the marked white stop bar line. (Supp. T. at 5). Sgt. Garber continued to

follow the vehicle and observed the vehicle travel left of center for a second time, while

making a right-hand turn from Dueber onto Navarre Road. (Supp. T. at 5). Sgt. Garber

then initiated a traffic stop of the vehicle. (Supp. T. at 5).

       {¶5}   Upon approaching the vehicle, Sgt. Garber detected an odor of both

alcohol and marijuana. (Supp. T. at 6). Sgt. Garber also observed that Appellant, the

driver, had bloodshot and glassy eyes. (Supp. T. at 6). Sgt. Garber requested Appellant

step out of the vehicle. (Supp. T. at 6). Once out of the vehicle, Sgt. Garber continued to

detect an odor of alcohol and marijuana coming from Appellant. When asked, Appellant

admitted to earlier marijuana use, but denied drinking alcohol or using any other drugs

that night. (Supp. T. at 6).
Stark County, Case No. 2015 CA 00018                                                    3


       {¶6}    Sgt. Garber then requested that Appellant perform field sobriety tests.

(Supp. T. at 7). Sgt. Garber first conducted the Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN) test.

Appellant demonstrated "zero clues out of the six possible clues" on this test. (Supp. T.

at 7). This indicated to Sgt. Garber that Appellant was "more than likely not under the

influence of alcohol, ... or any drug that would create nystagmus." (Supp. T. at 7). Next,

Sergeant Garber administered the lack of convergence test, which Sergeant Garber is

trained to administer, to determine whether an individual is under the influence of

marijuana. (Supp. T. at 7). During this test, Sgt. Garber observed a lack of convergence,

which indicated Appellant was under the influence of marijuana. (Supp. T. at 8). Next,

Sgt. Garber administered the walk and turn test. (Supp. T. at 8). During this test,

Appellant took seven steps forward instead of nine, he failed to count out loud as

instructed, he raised his arms higher than six inches for balance, he stopped while he

was turning, and he did not turn properly. (Supp. T. at 10). The last test Sgt. Garber

administered was the one-leg stand test. (Supp. T. at 10). During this test, Appellant put

his foot down twice, raised his arms higher than six inches for balance, hopped on one

foot, and swayed. (Supp. T. at 10).

       {¶7}    On November 8, 2014, Appellant was charged with one count of OVI, in

violation of R.C. §4511.19(A)(1)(a), as he refused to submit to a urine test, and one

count of Driving Left of Center, in violation of R.C. §4511.25.

       {¶8}    On November 12, 2014, Appellant pled not guilty to the charge at his

arraignment.

       {¶9}    On December 22, 2014, Appellant filed a Motion to Suppress.
Stark County, Case No. 2015 CA 00018                                                  4


       {¶10} On January 7, 2015, a hearing was held on Appellant’s motion. After

hearing testimony and arguments, the trial court overruled Appellant's Motion.

       {¶11} On January 22, 2015, Appellant came before the trial court and entered a

change of plea to no contest to both charges. The trial court subsequently found

Appellant guilty of both charges. On the OVI charge, the trial court sentenced Appellant

to serve one hundred eighty (180) days in the Stark County Jail with all but three (3)

days suspended on condition of Appellant's good behavior for two (2) years. (Sent. T. at

4). The trial court permitted Appellant to complete the Driver's Intervention Program in

lieu of the jail sentence if the program was completed by March 23, 2015, and Appellant

followed all recommendations of the program. (Sent. T. at 4). Appellant was also

sentenced to pay a fine of six hundred twenty-five dollars ($625), to which a two

hundred fifty dollar ($250) credit would be given if Appellant completed the Driver's

Intervention Program. (Sent. T. at 4). Appellant's license was also suspended for one

hundred eighty (180) days, effective from November 8, 2014. (Sent. T. at 5). On the

second count Appellant was sentenced to pay court costs. (Sent. T. at 5).

       {¶12} On February 3, 2015, Appellant filed a Motion for Stay of Execution of

Sentence with the trial court, which was denied on February 25, 2015.

       {¶13} On March 6, 2015, a Motion for Stay of Execution of Sentence was filed

with this Court.

       {¶14} On March 26, 2015, this Court granted a stay of sentence as it pertained

to the Driver's Intervention Program.

       {¶15} Appellant now appeals, raising the following Assignments of Error:
Stark County, Case No. 2015 CA 00018                                                  5


                                ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

      {¶16} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY DENYING APPELLANT'S MOTION

TO SUPPRESS BECAUSE SGT. GARBER'S STOP OF MR. THARP WAS NOT

BASED ON REASONABLE ARTICULABLE SUSPICION AND CONSTITUTED AN

UNREASONABLE SEIZURE.

      {¶17} II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY DENYING APPELLANT'S MOTION

TO SUPPRESS BECAUSE SGT. GARBER'S REQUEST THAT MR. THARP EXIT HIS

VEHICLE AND SUBMIT TO FIELD SOBRIETY TESTS (FSTs) WAS NOT BASED ON

REASONABLE ARTICULABLE SUSPICION FOR CONTINUED DETENTION.

      {¶18} III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY DENYING APPELLANT'S MOTION

TO SUPPRESS BECAUSE SGT. GARBER DID NOT HAVE PROBABLE CAUSE TO

ARREST MR. THARP BASED ON THE TOTALITY OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES THAT

NIGHT.

                                           I., II., III.

      {¶19} In his First, Second and Third Assignments of Error, Appellant argues the

trial court erroneously denied his motion to suppress. We disagree.

      {¶20} The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Section 14,

Article I, Ohio Constitution, prohibits the government from conducting unreasonable

searches and seizures of persons or their property. See Terry v. Ohio (1968), 392 U.S.

1, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889; State v. Andrews (1991), 57 Ohio St.3d 86, 87, 565

N.E.2d 1271.

      {¶21} There are three methods of challenging on appeal a trial court's ruling on a

motion to suppress. First, an appellant may challenge the trial court's finding of fact.
Stark County, Case No. 2015 CA 00018                                                   6


Second, an appellant may argue the trial court failed to apply the appropriate test or

correct law to the findings of fact. Finally, an appellant may argue the trial court has

incorrectly decided the ultimate or final issue raised in the motion to suppress. When

reviewing this third type of claim, an appellate court must independently determine,

without deference to the trial court's conclusion, whether the facts meet the appropriate

legal standard in the given case. State v. Curry (1994), 95 Ohio App.3d 93, 96, 641

N.E.2d 1172; State v. Claytor (1993), 85 Ohio App.3d 623, 627, 620 N.E.2d 906; State

v. Guysinger (1993), 86 Ohio App.3d 592, 621 N.E.2d 726. However, as the United

States Supreme Court held in Ornelas v. U.S. (1996), 517 U.S. 690, 116 S.Ct. 1657,

1663, 134 L.Ed.2d 911, “... as a general matter determinations of reasonable suspicion

and probable cause should be reviewed de novo on appeal.”

       {¶22} In the case sub judice, Appellant herein argues that Sgt. Garber lacked

reasonable, articulable suspicion to stop him or to request the performance of field

sobriety tests. Appellant also contends that there was not probable cause to arrest him.

                                            Traffic Stop

       {¶23} There are two standards applied to determine whether police have

legitimately stopped a vehicle. State v. Weinheimer, Warren App. No. CA2003–04–044,

2004–Ohio–801, ¶8. First, police may make an investigatory stop of a vehicle when they

have a “reasonable articulable suspicion” criminal activity has occurred or is occurring,

and the officer seeks to confirm or refute this suspicion of criminal activity. Id.

       {¶24} Second, police may stop a vehicle based on “probable cause” a traffic

violation, even minor, has occurred or is occurring. Dayton v. Erickson, 76 Ohio St.3d 3,
Stark County, Case No. 2015 CA 00018                                                          7


11–12, 665 N.E.2d 1091, 1996–Ohio–431. Such is the case when an officer witnesses a

traffic violation and then stops the motorist for this traffic violation.

        {¶25} In the instant case, we find Sgt. Garber had legal authority to stop

Appellant's vehicle. Sgt. Garber testified that he observed Appellant cross the center

line twice and further observed the stop bar violation.

                                         Field Sobriety Tests

        {¶26} “Requiring a driver to submit to a field sobriety test constitutes a seizure

within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment. Courts have generally held that the

intrusion on the driver's liberty resulting from a field sobriety test is minor, and the officer

therefore need only have reasonable suspicion that the driver is under the influence of

alcohol in order to conduct a field sobriety test.” State v. Bright, 5th Dist. Guernsey No.

2009–CA–28, 2010–Ohio–1111, ¶17, citing State v. Knox, 2nd Dist. Greene No. 2005–

CA–74, 2006–Ohio–3039.

        {¶27} In reviewing this issue, we apply a “totality of the circumstances”

approach. See, e.g., City of Fairfield v. Lucking, Butler App. No. CA2002–12–303,

2004–Ohio–90, ¶ 8, citing State v. Freeman (1980), 64 Ohio St.2d 291, 414 N.E.2d

1044.

        {¶28} In support of his position, Appellant cites State v, Keserich, 5th Dist.

Ashland County, Case No. 2014-CA-011, 2014-Ohio-5120. In Keserich, this Court

reversed the decision of the trial court overruling Keserich’s motion to suppress.

        {¶29} In Keserich, the defendant was stopped for not having a light illuminating

his rear license plate. Upon stopping Keserich, the officer observed bloodshot and

watery eyes, and he admitted to having consumed two alcoholic beverages. Based on
Stark County, Case No. 2015 CA 00018                                                      8


these facts, the officer requested that Keserich perform field sobriety tests. This Court,

under the facts in this case, found that defendant’s bloodshot eyes could have been

attributed to the fact that there were four or five other passengers in the car who were

smoking. This Court found that this possible explanation for the bloodshot eyes,

together with the stop being based solely an equipment violation and the lack of any

observation of erratic driving, was not enough to form a basis to request performance of

the field sobriety tests.

       {¶30} We find this case to be distinguishable from Keserich, supra.

       {¶31} In the instant case, as set forth in our recitation of facts, Sgt. Garber

stopped Appellant for moving violations. He testified that he observed Appellant travel

left of the center line twice and further observed an improper red light stop. Additionally,

upon stopping Appellant, he observed that his eyes were bloodshot and glassy, and that

there was an odor of alcohol and marijuana coming from the vehicle. Sgt. Garber

continued to detect the odor of marijuana and alcohol once Appellant was outside of the

vehicle. Appellant denied consuming alcohol but admitted to using marijuana that day.

Additionally, it was 11:36 p.m. on a Saturday evening.

       {¶32} Upon review, based on the above factors, we hold a reasonable basis

existed for Sgt. Garber to ask Appellant to step out of his vehicle and proceed with field

sobriety testing under the circumstances of this case.

                                              Arrest

       {¶33} We further find, based on the foregoing, that probable cause existed for

the arrest.
Stark County, Case No. 2015 CA 00018                                                     9


       {¶34} “The standard for determining whether the police have probable cause to

arrest an individual for OVI is whether, at the moment of arrest, the police had sufficient

information, derived from a reasonable trustworthy source of facts and circumstances to

cause a prudent person to believe that the suspect was driving under the influence.”

State v. Swope, 5th Dist. Fairfield No. 08 CA 50, 2009–Ohio–3849, ¶ 22.

       {¶35} The issue is whether appellant's actions and Sgt. Garber’s observations

lead to probable cause to arrest. We note each case is determined individually from the

facts and observations presented.

       {¶36} Here, based on the totality of the circumstances, including Sgt. Garber’s

observations as set forth above and Appellant’s poor performance on all of the field

sobriety tests, with the exception of the HGN test, we find that probable cause existed to

arrest Appellant.

       {¶37} We therefore hold the trial court did not err in denying the motion to

suppress in this matter. Accordingly, Appellant’s Assignments of Error are overruled.

       {¶38} For the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion, the judgment of the

Canton Municipal Court, Stark County, Ohio, is affirmed.

By: Wise, P. J.
Delaney, J., and
Baldwin, J., concur.

JWW/d 1002
