                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 19-0438
                               Filed May 15, 2019


IN THE INTEREST OF D.W.,
Minor Child,

J.M., Mother,
       Appellant.
________________________________________________________________


      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Black Hawk County, Daniel L. Block,

Associate Juvenile Judge.



      A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to her child.

AFFIRMED.



      Stephanie A. Sailer of Sailer Law, PLLC, Cedar Falls, for appellant mother.

      Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorney

General, for appellee State.

      Timothy Baldwin, Waterloo, guardian ad litem for minor child.



      Considered by Potterfield, P.J., Doyle, J., and Carr, S.J.*

      *Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 (2019).
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CARR, Senior Judge.

         A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to her child. She

contends the State failed to prove the grounds for termination by clear and

convincing evidence and termination is not in the child’s best interests. She also

argues the juvenile court erred in denying her request to continue placement of the

child for an additional six months. We review her claims de novo. See In re A.S.,

906 N.W.2d 467, 472 (Iowa 2018).

         The juvenile court removed the child from the mother’s care and adjudicated

the child to be in need of assistance (CINA) after law enforcement officers

executing a search warrant in December 2017 found methamphetamine,

marijuana, and drug paraphernalia in the bedroom the mother shared with the

child.     The mother pled guilty to child endangerment, possession of

methamphetamine, and possession of marijuana, and the district court granted her

a suspended sentence.         The court revoked the mother’s parole after her

unsuccessful     discharge    from   two   substance-abuse     programs    due    to

noncompliance, continued use of methamphetamine and marijuana, and escape

from a women’s facility in November 2018.

         The State filed a petition to terminate the mother’s parental rights in

December 2018. At the time of the February 2019 termination hearing, the mother

was incarcerated and serving a two-year sentence.           Although the mother’s

probation officer informed the case manager that the mother would need to serve

one year of the sentence, the mother believed she would be eligible for parole in

May 2019.
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       The juvenile court terminated the mother’s parental rights pursuant to Iowa

Code section 232.116(1)(e), (f), and (l) (2018). We may affirm if we find grounds

to terminate under one of those sections. See In re S.R., 600 N.W.2d 63, 64 (Iowa

Ct. App. 1999). Termination is appropriate under section 232.116(1)(f) if clear and

convincing evidence establishes:

              (1) The child is four years of age or older.
              (2) The child has been adjudicated a child in need of
       assistance pursuant to section 232.96.
              (3) The child has been removed from the physical custody of
       the child’s parents for at least twelve of the last eighteen months, or
       for the last twelve consecutive months and any trial period at home
       has been less than thirty days.
              (4) There is clear and convincing evidence that at the present
       time the child cannot be returned to the custody of the child’s parents
       as provided in section 232.102.

The mother does not dispute the first three elements for termination under section

232.116(1)(f) have been proved. She challenges the sufficiency of the evidence

showing the child could not be returned to her care at the time of the termination

hearing. See Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(f)(4); In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 707

(Iowa 2010) (interpreting the term “at the present time” to mean to mean “at the

time of the termination hearing”).

       The record shows the mother has been abusing marijuana and

methamphetamine for twenty years, and the child tested positive for marijuana at

birth in 2012. The mother failed to complete substance-abuse treatment and does

not believe she needs it. She continues to use marijuana and methamphetamine,

and she left marijuana and methamphetamine in a location where the child could

access it. Even assuming the mother is granted parole in May 2019, the likelihood

that she will return to using marijuana and methamphetamine is high in light of her
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history. See In re L.L., 459 N.W.2d 489, 494 (Iowa 1990) (noting a parent’s past

performance may be indicative of the quality of care the parent is capable of

providing in the future). Because the mother’s substance abuse puts the child at

risk of adjudicatory harm, there is clear and convincing evidence to support

terminating the mother’s parental rights pursuant to section 232.116(1)(f). See In

re D.M.J., 780 N.W.2d 243, 246-47 (Iowa Ct. App. 2010) (finding the child could

not be returned to the mother’s care where the mother continued to use illegal

drugs and engage in criminal activities that resulted in her incarceration).

       The mother contends termination of her parental rights is contrary to the

child’s best interests. See D.W., 791 N.W.2d at 706-07 (“If a ground for termination

is established, the court must, secondly, apply the best-interest framework set out

in section 232.116(2) to decide if the grounds for termination should result in a

termination of parental rights.”). In determining the child’s best interests, our

primary considerations are “the child’s safety,” “the best placement for furthering

the long-term nurturing and growth of the child,” and “the physical, mental, and

emotional condition and needs of the child.” In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 37 (Iowa

2010) (quoting Iowa Code § 232.116(2)). The “defining elements in a child’s best

interest” are the child’s safety and “need for a permanent home.” In re H.S., 805

N.W.2d 737, 748 (Iowa 2011) (citation omitted).

       The mother argues termination is contrary to the child’s best interests due

to the bond between them. We disagree. The mother’s ongoing substance abuse

presents harm to the child and prevents the mother from caring for the child safely.

Her involvement in illegal activity, which stems from her substance abuse, led to
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the mother’s incarceration, interfering with the parent-child bond and interrupting

any sense of permanency the child has.

       Finally, the mother argues the juvenile court erred in denying her a six-

month extension of time to allow her to work toward reunification. See Iowa Code

§ 232.104(2)(b) (allowing the court to continue placement of a child for an

additional six months). However, in order to delay permanency, the court must

“enumerate the specific factors, conditions, or expected behavioral changes which

comprise the basis for the determination that the need for removal of the child from

the child’s home will no longer exist at the end of the additional six-month period.”

Id. There is no basis for finding a six-month extension would eliminate the need

for the child’s removal. Although the mother believed she could be eligible for

parole in May 2019 and released in June 2019, four months of the six-month

extension would pass before her release. Only then could the mother begin to

address concerns about her substance abuse. The remaining two months of time

would be insufficient for the mother to demonstrate she can remain sober and

provide a safe home for the child in light of her lengthy history of substance abuse.

       Although the law requires a “full measure of patience with troubled parents

who attempt to remedy a lack of parenting skills,” this patience has been built into

the statutory scheme of chapter 232. In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 494 (Iowa 2000).

Once the grounds for termination have been proved, time is of the essence. See

In re A.C., 415 N.W.2d 609, 614 (Iowa 1987) (“It is unnecessary to take from the

children’s future any more than is demanded by statute. Stated otherwise, plans

which extend the [statutory] period during which parents attempt to become

adequate in parenting skills should be viewed with a sense of urgency.”); see also
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In re R.J., 436 N.W.2d 630, 636 (Iowa 1989) (noting that once the time period for

reunification set by the legislature has expired, “patience on behalf of the parent

can quickly translate into intolerable hardship for the children”). The court must

not deny the child permanency in the hope that the mother will one day be able to

provide a safe and stable home for the child. See In re A.M., 843, N.W.2d 100,

112 (Iowa 2014).

      We affirm the termination of the mother’s parental rights.

      AFFIRMED.
