           UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR VETERANS CLAIMS


                                           NO . 09-0824(E)

                                  MICHAEL J. OSBON , APPELLANT ,

                                                  v.

                                      ERIC K. SHINSEKI,
                          SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, APPELLEE.

                                       Before HAGEL, Judge.

                                             ORDER

                            Note: Pursuant to U.S. Vet. App. R. 30(a),
                            this action may not be cited as precedent.

        Before the Court is Michael J. Osbon's October 16, 2009, application pursuant to the Equal
Access to Justice Act, 28 U.S.C. § 2412(d) (EAJA), for an award of attorney fees and expenses in
the amount of $8,222.55. The Secretary has filed a response in which he concedes that Mr. Osbon
is a prevailing party and that the Secretary's position was not substantially justified. However, the
Secretary asserts that the amount of fees sought should be reduced because it is unreasonable,
excessive, and redundant. Secretary's Response at 2. For the reasons that follow, the Court will
grant in part Mr. Obson's EAJA application in the amount of $1,372.80.

        The Court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2412(d)(2)(F) to award reasonable
attorney fees and expenses. In this case, Mr. Osbon filed his EAJA application within the 30-day
time period set forth in 28 U.S.C. § 2412(d)(1)(B). See Scarborough v. Principi, 541 U.S. 401, 408
(2004). The Secretary does not contest that an award of fees is appropriate in this case, and the Court
will not find otherwise. Because it is not in question that Mr. Osbon is entitled to an EAJA award,
the Court is left only to determine the reasonableness of the amount sought. See 28 U.S.C.
§ 2412(d)(2)(A); Ussery v. Brown, 10 Vet.App. 51, 53 (1997).

        The burden of demonstrating the reasonableness of the fee request rests with the appellant,
the party applying for the fees. See Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 897 (1984). The amount of the
fee must be determined on the facts of each case. See Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 429
(1983). Moreover, the applicant is not necessarily entitled under the EAJA to be compensated for
all time spent on the case. See Ussery, 10 Vet.App. at 53. Indeed, the inquiry does not end once the
applicant has compiled raw totals of hours spent because, "'it does not follow that the amount of time
actually expended is the amount of time reasonably extended.'" Ramos v. Lamm, 713 F.2d 546, 553
(10th Cir. 1983) (quoting Copeland v. Marshall, 641 F.2d 880, 891 (D.C. Cir. 1980) (en banc)). The
Court, in making a determination as to the reasonableness of the fee request, possesses significant
discretion. See Chesser v. West, 11 Vet.App. 497, 501 (1998).
        "The most useful starting point for determining the amount of a reasonable fee is the number
of hours reasonably expended on the litigation multiplied by a reasonable hourly rate." Hensley, 461
U.S. at 433. "The party seeking an award of fees should submit evidence supporting the hours
worked and rates claimed. Where the documentation of hours is inadequate, the . . . court may
reduce the award accordingly." Id. "[F]or EAJA fees to be awarded in full, an applicant must submit
evidence of hours worked in the form of a billing statement that is specific and detailed." Baldridge
v. Nicholson, 19 Vet.App. 227, 235 (2005). In addition, "the Court may consider a number of
factors, including whether the work performed was duplicative, if an attorney takes extra time due
to inexperience, or if an attorney performs tasks normally performed by paralegals, clerical
personnel, or other non-attorneys." Ussery, 10 Vet.App. at 53.

        In determining the proper amount for the award reduction, "the Court in this case will not
attempt to identify particular hours for disqualification but will exercise judgment and reduce all
billing by an appropriate percentage." Baldridge, 19 Vet.App. at 241.

      As a preliminary matter, the Court notes that the Secretary does not object to the $21.15 Mr.
Osbon requests as expenses, and the Court will therefore not disturb that amount.

      Mr. Osbon seeks fees for 40.4 hours of work performed by his attorney and 21.2 hours of
work performed by his attorney's paralegal. Mr. Osbon contends that this case was staffed in the
same manner that small law firms traditionally use in litigation.

        With respect to the attorney fees sought in this case, the Secretary makes a number of
objections:

       (1) The Secretary first contends that Mr. Osbon's attorney "impermissibly requests fees for
       clerical work, most egregiously the 1.6 [hours] of paralegal time on January 23, 2009, spent
       preparing, reviewing, and mailing appeals documents to [Mr. Osbon]." Secretary's Response
       at 5. The Secretary notes that other impermissibly billed clerical tasks including copying the
       Board decision for the permanent file on March 11, 2009, and receiving the record before the
       agency (3.10 hours attorney time). Secretary's Response at 6.

       (2) Second, the Secretary argues that "spending ninety-six minutes preparing and mailing
       standard documents, and another 186 minutes 'receiving' documents is excessive." Id.

       (3) Third, the Secretary argues that Mr. Osbon's attorney has not demonstrated the
       reasonableness of the amounts charged for simple tasks and receipt of routine documents.
       The Secretary notes that Mr. Osbon's attorney billed for 13 line items for a total of 2.1 hours
       for tasks such as reviewing the Secretary's pleadings. Secretary's Response at 6.

       (4) Fourth, the Secretary contends that Mr. Osbon's attorney unreasonably and excessively
       billed for repetitive actions completed by his paralegal. For example, Mr. Osbon's attorney
       and paralegal reviewed the Board decision a minimum of four times, for a total of 4.5 hours.


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       The Secretary argues that four reviews is duplicative, excessive, and unproductive.
       Secretary's Response at 9-10. The Secretary also contends that Mr. Osbon's attorney double
       billed for attorney and paralegal time during meetings. Further, he contends that Mr. Osbon's
       attorney does not disclose the experience or education level of the paralegal, so the extra
       billing for $90.00 per hour for such meetings is not justified.

       (5) Fifth, the Secretary then argues that Mr. Osbon's attorney billed an unreasonable amount
       of time for review of the record for possible counter-designation.

       (6) Sixth, the Secretary states that Mr. Osbon's attorney spent 3.30 hours reviewing and
       annotating two copies of the Record Before the Agency, and that this is excessive and
       unnecessarily duplicative. In addition, 6.6 hours of paralegal time were documented as also
       reviewing the record and the claims file.

       (7) Seventh, the Secretary argues that Mr. Osbon's attorney's statement of time and expenses
       contains vague billing descriptions, such as 1.70 hours reviewing statutes, regulations and
       case law, defense strategies and evaluating the case for appeal. The Secretary continues that
       this is only a minute portion of Mr. Osbon's attorney's impermissibly vague billing practices.
       Secretary's Response at 11-12.

       (8) Eighth, the Secretary argues that Mr. Osbon's attorney unreasonably billed the
       government for corrective actions taken pursuant to a delay caused by his counsel, and that
       the Government should not bear the cost of his ineffeciency. In this regard, Mr. Osbon's
       attorney billed .10 hours for receiving a notice of nonconforming papers, .30 hours to prepare
       and resubmit the motion, and .30 hours for receiving and reviewing the clerk's order granting
       the motion nunc pro trunc.

       (9) Finally, the Secretary argues that Mr. Osbon's attorney's fees include excessive and
       duplicative time for drafting the EAJA application. Mr. Osbon's attorney claims 11.8 hours
       of attorney time and 5.2 hours of paralegal time for the preparation of these documents, for
       a total of 17 hours. The Secretary maintains that this is unreasonable because "the argument
       portion of [Mr. Osbon]'s EAJA application consists of pages of boilerplate language that is
       identical to recent EAJA applications submitted by [Mr. Osbon's] counsel in at least five
       separate cases." Secretary's Response at 17. The Secretary continues that Mr. Osbon's
       attorney's application contains several inconsistencies, such as reviewing a brief that was not
       filed and the number of pages in the Board decision, and that he billed duplicatively for
       attorney and paralegal time on his application.

       As noted above, the burden of demonstrating the reasonableness of the fee request rests with
Mr. Osbon, the party applying for the fees. See Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. at 897. Here, the Court
notes that Mr. Osbon did not file a reply to the Secretary's response to his EAJA application.
Further, in his initial application, Mr. Osbon merely asserts that his fees are reasonable, and does not
provide any detailed explanation as to why they are reasonable. Because Mr. Osbon's lawyer, whose


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duty it is to justify the fee, has not responded to the objections raised by the Secretary, the Court
finds that the Secretary's challenges are uncontested.

         The Court agrees that the entries identified by the Secretary are entirely clerical in nature,
unreasonably excessive or duplicative, and therefore are not billable to the government. See
Baldridge, 19 Vet.App. at 236 ("Applicants are not permitted to bill for and collect fees for clerical
work and the work of general support staff."). The Court further agrees that the government should
not be billed for Mr. Osbon's attorney's inefficiency in preparing corrective documents and his EAJA
application. See Hensley v. Principi, 16 Vet.App. 491, 498 (2002) ("The Court 'may properly reduce
the number of hours claimed for time spent in duplicative, unorganized, or otherwise unproductive
efforts.'" (citing Vidal v. Brown, 8 Vet.App. 488, 493, 1996)). The Court will therefore reduce the
fees sought by Mr. Osbon's attorney by 75%.

        The Court also notes that, with regard to the 21.1 requested hours of paralegal time, Mr.
Osbon's attorney does not set forth anywhere in his application the qualifications and experience of
the paralegal. As such, the Court is unable to determine whether the hourly rate requested for the
paralegal is appropriate. The Court will therefore discount these fees. See Baldridge, 19 Vet.App.
at 233 (holding that an EAJA applicant bears the burden of demonstrating that fees sought are
reasonable); Sandoval v. Brown, 9 Vet.App. 177, 181 (1996) (holding that a party must first establish
a prevailing market rate, then the opposing party has the burden of producing evidence to show that
the market rate is erroneous).

        The Court further observes a very disturbing billing practice. The Secretary brings to the
Court's attention three other applications for fees under the EAJA submitted by Mr. Osbon's lawyer.
See Gleason v. Shinseki, Docket No. 07-3203; Dalrymple v. Shinseki, Docket. No. 08-3543; Devich
v. Shinseki, Docket No. 08-3631.1 Those applications range from 15 to 19 pages, the average being
16.5 pages. In each of these applications, the first 10 pages contain boilerplate language regarding
the elements that must be pled to qualify for fees and expenses under EAJA. These 10 pages in the
named appeals are identical, word for word. However, Mr. Osbon's lawyer charges each of his
clients for the preparation of these 10 identical pages as if they were originally prepared for the
client. The only thing that varies in each of these fee applications is the amount of time claimed to
have been spent on each of the activities reported to have been performed for the client, i.e., the
billing statement intended to support the amount of fees claimed.

         That is not to say that including the recitations of the law regarding the elements that the
appellant must show to qualify for EAJA fees is somehow wrong; however, the practice of charging
at least four clients for mostly the same work is. Such a practice results in an unreasonable fee for
the lawyer. See In re Wright, 290 B.R. 145, 153 (Bkrtcy. C.D. Cal. 2003) (stating that "'[t]he practice
of billing several clients for the same time or work product, since it results in the earning of an
unreasonable fee . . . is contrary to the mandate of the Model Rules.'" (quoting ABA Formal Opinion


         1
          The Court only cites these three cases as evidence to support the factual conclusions upon which the findings
of unreasonableness of certain charges are based, not for precedential value, as this is prohibited by Rule 30(a).

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No. 93-379 (Dec. 6, 1993)); see also Baldridge, 19 Vet.App. at 235 ("In determining reasonableness,
the Court must also scrutinize whether the time expended for any given, described task is
appropriate."); Vidal v. Brown, 8 Vet.App. 488, 493 (1996) (reducing number of hours billed for
time spent performing a duplicative effort).

        In this regard the Court notes that, but for the Secretary's astute recognition of this practice,
it may have escaped the Court's attention.

        Lastly, the amount of time claimed to assemble, calculate, and check the time and billing
statements in these cases is excessive. Mr. Osbon's lawyer charged him $2,308.80 for the acts
related to preparing and submitting the fee application. In the cases of Gleason, Dalrymple, and
Devich, all of which preceded the submission of the fee application in Mr. Osbon's case, the same
lawyer charged his clients $2,136.60, $1,770, and $2,090.40, respectively, again solely for drafting
and reviewing the amounts charged (and perhaps the boilerplate language mentioned above) in the
fee application. Although some of this activity, that is the assembly of the billing statement, was
unique to each case, most of the content of these applications is identical.

         The Court gives greater weight to billing records that are contemporaneously kept. Indeed,
this is the preferred and, in some jurisdictions, required practice. See Johnson v. Mortham, 950
F.Supp. 1117, 1124 (N.D. Fla., 1996) (noting that attorneys must comply with Local Rule 54.1,
which requires attorneys to "[m]aintain a complete, separate, and accurate record of time (to the
nearest 1/10 of an hour) devoted to the particular action, recorded contemporaneously with the time
expended, for each attorney and each specific activity involved in the action (i.e., not just 'research'
or 'conference')" (emphasis added); Kyser v. Apfel, 81 F.Supp.2d 645, 647 (W.D. Va., 2000) (EAJA
fees awarded when counsel was able to show "that the hours claimed were actual hours expended
and that they were recorded contemporaneously.").

        Thus, the extended time (and thus fees) charged to Mr. Osbon by his lawyer ($2,308.80) to
compile, calculate, and check the number of hours spent in his case at the very least evidences
inefficient record keeping resulting in an unreasonable amount of time billed for this purpose. Thus,
a portion of this time may not be charged to Mr. Osbon. See Baldridge, 19 Vet.App. at 233-34.

       In sum, the Court believes that the time billed by Mr. Osbon's attorney was excessive and
duplicative, and therefore will reduce the total hours billed by 80%, from 40.4 hours to 8.8 hours
attorney time and will eliminate the fees charged for paralegal time. See Baldridge, supra. The
Court will therefore award $1,372.80 in total fees and expenses to Mr. Osbon.




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       Upon consideration of the foregoing, it is

       ORDERED that Mr. Osbon's EAJA application is granted in the amount of $1,372.80.


DATED: April 23, 2010                                  BY THE COURT:



                                                       /s/ Lawrence B. Hagel

                                                       LAWRENCE B. HAGEL
                                                       Judge

Copies to:

Calvin Hansen, Esq.

VA General Counsel (027)




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