                 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF KANSAS


                                             CCR No. 1318

                                In the Matter of APRIL C. SHEPARD,
                                            Respondent.

                            ORIGINAL PROCEEDING IN DISCIPLINE


        Original proceeding in discipline. Opinion filed December 6, 2019. Public reprimand.


        Todd N. Thompson, appointed disciplinary counsel for the State Board of Examiners of Court Reporters,
argued the cause and was on the brief for the petitioner.


        James G. Chappas, of James G. Chappas, Chartered, of Topeka, argued the cause and was on the
brief for the respondent.


        PER CURIAM: This is an original proceeding in discipline filed by the State Board
of Examiners of Court Reporters (Board) against the respondent, April C. Shepard, a
court reporter at the Wyandotte County District Court who previously served in that
capacity at the Shawnee County District Court.


        On June 13, 2018, the appointed counsel for the Board filed a formal complaint
against the respondent alleging she failed to maintain impartiality toward a defendant in a
criminal trial she reported, a violation of Rules Adopted by the State Board of Examiners
of Court Reporters, Board Rules No. 9.F.9. (2019 Kan. S. Ct. R. 419). On July 19, 2018,
the respondent timely filed an answer to the formal complaint. In her answer, the
respondent admitted to "the allegations contained in all paragraphs of the Formal
Complaint."



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       On January 2, 2019, the Board filed an order approving a proposed cease and
desist order submitted by the respondent's attorney and the Board's appointed counsel. In
its order the Board scheduled a hearing to determine whether the cease and desist order
should be private or public.


       On April 11, 2019, a hearing was held on the formal complaint before a panel of
the Board. Respondent appeared in person and by her counsel. The hearing panel heard
argument on whether the agreed upon cease and desist order would be private or whether
the Board would recommend discipline to the Kansas Supreme Court.


       Upon conclusion of the hearing, the panel took the matter under advisement. On
May 20, 2019, the panel issued its findings and unanimous recommendation. [Note: The
panel refers to Rule 366, which was repealed in 1982; however, the correct cite should be
to the Rules Adopted by the State Board of Examiners of Court Reporters, Board Rules
Nos. 1-9.]


                           "Board Recommendation Concerning Discipline


              ....


       "1.    Respondent previously worked at the Shawnee County District Court.


       "2.    In 2012, while working in Shawnee County, Respondent was a court reporter for
              the highly publicized murder trial of Dana Chandler.


       "3.    Chandler was convicted of killing her ex-husband and his girlfriend. The
              conviction was appealed, alleging prosecutorial misconduct, insufficient
              evidence, and prejudicial publicity.




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"4.   An article in the Topeka Capital Journal on October 29, 2017, discussed the
      murder, conviction, and appeal, and included alleged Facebook quotes from
      Respondent. Specifically, the article attributed to Respondent the following
      comments about the Chandler trial:


      'Were you there listening to it? I was,' said April Shepard, a court
      reporter who worked the Chandler trial. 'I will not say that I agree with
      everything Jacqie Spradling said or did, but it didn't change anything.
      Dana Chandler is not innocent. She may get a new trial, but the outcome
      will be the same. No one else would've done this but Dana Chandler.'


"5.   Copies of screen shots from Facebook that are attributed to Respondent include
      the following (some dates may not be accurate):


      'a.     Oh, stop. Dana Chandler is not innocent. She may get a new trial
              but the outcome will be the same. (April 7, 2016)


      'b.     No one else would've done this but Dana Chandler. (April 18,
              2016)


              Well, I can tell you that it won't be that judge because JUDGE
              PARRISH is a fair judge and I know her well. Just because he
              says this doesn't make it so. Were you there listening to it, I was.
              I will not say that I agreed with everything Jackie Spradling said
              or did, but it didn't change anything. (April 19, 2016)


      'c.     I don't believe Jackie [S]pradling lied. (August 2016)


      'd.     Look, I was there, I was the court reporter for that trial and, yes,
              Jackie pushed a little too far at times, but there was nothing more
              damning than those telephone jail calls between Dana Chandler
              and her sister Shirley and that's what changed it for everyone if
              they thought she didn't do it before. The fact of the matter is

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              she's the only one that could have done it and would have done
              it. She had a major axe to grind with Karen Harkness and Mike
              Sisco for she stalked them repeatedly. (January 2017)


      'e.     It's not that wrong if you think about how many cases there are.
              They're more right than they are wrong. (June 25, 2017)


      'f.     Linda Coe, I'm confident they got the right perpetrator in this
              case. Look, I was there, I reported that whole case. I saw
              firsthand this case. I do agree, though, a lot of times they have
              prosecuted the wrong person and I believe those people should
              be exonerated however it happens. This case however is very
              different. (July 12, 2017)'


"6.   Respondent acknowledges that the above posts were her posts. She had forgotten
      about a couple of the posts, but has stated she will 'take ownership of them.'


"7.   Chandler's appeal was most recently argued to the Kansas Supreme Court in
      January, and in April 2018, the conviction was overturned. State v. Chandler,
      307 Kan. 657, 414 P.3d 713 (2018).


"8.   Respondent defends her conduct by contending:


      a.      She handled herself in an impartial and objective manner while
              she was a court reporter for the trial; the trial occurred four or
              more years prior to the Facebook posts.


      b.      She no longer works for the Shawnee County District Court.


      c.      She has had high profile cases before, such as the John Robinson
              barrel-murderer case in Johnson County, and she refrained from
              any public comments in that instance, despite many inquiries.


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        d.       She had a sense of the Chandler case 'being over' because it had
                 been a couple of years since the trial, and she knew she would
                 never be involved again because she had moved to Wyandotte
                 County.


        e.       Respondent does admit that after re-reading the social media
                 posts that 'in hindsight, perhaps that was not the appropriate
                 thing to do,' and she stated: 'It won't happen again.'


        "Therefore, Respondent admits that her conduct violated Rule No. 9.F.9.


        "Remaining at issue was appropriate discipline of the Respondent. Respondent
requests private censure. DC [Disciplinary Counsel] objects. The Board took the matter
under advisement. The matter is ripe.


                                        "DISCUSSION


        "The Rules Relating to the State Board of Examiners of Court Reporters (2019
Edition) were established by the Kansas Supreme Court. Rule 366 [Board Rule No.] 9.E.
refers to Disciplinary Sanctions. It states:


        'The Board may, based upon clear and convincing evidence presented, take
        one or more of the following actions:


                 1.        Dismiss the charges.


                 2.        Admonish the certificate holder.


                 3.        Issue a private order of cease and desist.


                 4.        Recommend discipline to the Kansas Supreme Court.
        "Discipline" means public reprimand, imposition of a period of probation
        with special conditions which may include additional professional

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         education or re-education, suspension of the certificate, or revocation of
         the certificate. In addition to any discipline imposed pursuant to these
         rules, if the certificate holder is a state employee, the reporter may be
         disciplined under the Rules Relating to the Kansas Court Personnel
         System.'


         "Both DC and Respondent urge the Board to determine the issue of sanctions
informally, pursuant to Rule 366 [Board Rule No.] 9.D.8., which states: 'Nothing in
these rules shall prevent the Board from informally stipulating and settling any matter
relating to the certificate holder's discipline.' The Board has determined, however, that
Rule 366 [Board Rule No.] 9.D.8. does not allow the Board to override the requirements
of Rule 366 [Board Rule No.] 9.E. Rather, Rule 366 [Board Rule No.] 9.D.8. only allows
the Board to determine informally by stipulation such matters as the facts of the case,
which has been done here. It does not allow the Board to determine finally any discipline
more serious than a private order of cease and desist. This interpretation is supported by
the following instruction, found at Rule 366 [Board Rule No.] 9.D.7.: 'At the conclusion
of the hearing, the Board may take any of the actions set forth in subsection E of this
rule.' Should the Board find that any form of discipline listed in Rule 366 [Board Rule
No.] 9.E.4. is appropriate under the circumstances of this case, it may only recommend
such discipline to the Supreme Court.


         "Turning to the subject of appropriate discipline, the DC urges the Board to find
that such discipline should be public for several reasons. First, public discipline provides
transparency to the public that the Respondent has violated the rules and is being
punished for that violation. This transparency fosters public confidence in both Board
oversight of certificate holders and the accountability to which certificate holders are
held. Without public discipline, the public may believe that violation of the rules is
ignored, especially if research into allegations of misconduct shows nothing at all. A
logical—though incorrect—inference could be that nothing happened, or that the only
action taken was for the supposedly neutral authority to hide the problem. We can assure
the public we take our role seriously, but they feel more assured when we can show them
we do.


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        "Second public discipline educates other certificate holders that certain activities
violate the rules. It serves to remind them of the rules and what types of things may get
them in trouble.


        "Third, there is a deterrence effect from public discipline. At the least, it is an
embarrassment that others will want to avoid. Further, it will warn other certificate
holders that seriously inappropriate behavior may be punished harshly and be quite costly
in terms of lost income, in addition to the embarrassment. In this way, public discipline in
one case works to prevent others from engaging in the prohibited conduct for fear that
they, too, might be punished similarly.


        "In contrast, the Respondent argues that private censure is the most appropriate
form of discipline under the facts of this case. To support her assertion, she presents
several mitigating considerations.


        "First, Shepard has stipulated to what she did and that she violated the Rules. In
doing so, Respondent saved the Board the time and resources necessary for a trial.


        "Second, Respondent asserts the violations themselves are not serious enough to
justify some form of public discipline. The violation involved a Facebook conversation
after the defendant in State v. Dana Chandler had already been convicted, and after the
Respondent had completed all her duties in the case. The comments weren't that bad, and
could have been ignored had the case been less well-known. Respondent also believes the
pressure placed on her by members of the public have 'punished' her in ways that should
somehow be acknowledged by the Board as punishment enough in themselves.


        "Third, the Rule violated is too vague to teach other Reporters much. Rule 366
[Board Rule No.] 9.F. sets forth Prohibited Conduct. Subsection 366 [Board Rule No.]
9.F.9. prohibits a certificate holder from '[failing] to maintain impartiality toward each
participant in all aspects of reported proceedings or other court-related matters.' To the
point, this rule does not spell out the kinds of things that might be considered partial.
Further, 'partial' is not defined within the context of the Rules. In addition, there is
nothing in the Rules to indicate requisite intent, nor is there any mention of prejudice that

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      may—or may not—result from the 'partial' actions. After all, the duties of a Court
      Reporter are primarily ministerial, as the Reporter has no discretion in what to record. He
      must record everything. Thus, the impartiality of a Reporter is irrelevant to the record.
      Ultimately, public discipline would not teach other Reporters anything because the Rule
      is too vague to provide Notice or warning of what to avoid.


              "Finally, the Respondent urges leniency because she is an excellent court reporter
      who has fulfilled her obligations well and professionally for more than 20 years.


              "After considering all arguments and evidence, both aggravating and mitigating,
      the Board finds by clear and convincing evidence that the Respondent violated Rule
      9.F.9. of the Rules Adopted by the State Board of Examiners of Court Reporters. The
      Board hereby recommends to the Supreme Court that Respondent receive a PUBLIC
      REPRIMAND. The Board is persuaded by the arguments of the DC, and believes the
      actions of Respondent are serious enough to justify this discipline.


              "The actions taken by Respondent surrounded one particular—and highly
      publicized—murder trial for which the Respondent took the official record. Shepard's
      Facebook comments could not have been more clearly partial against the Defendant in
      that case. She asserts that she felt she was at liberty to make these comments about the
      case because the trial was essentially over and her official role had ended. Those
      assertions are not persuasive. A case on appeal is most certainly not concluded, and an
      Official Court Reporter should know that. Moreover, Respondent should have known that
      her comments would carry the strength of real or imagined authority because of her
      official role in the trial and the fact that she had a front-row seat to observe all the
      evidence."


                                              DISCUSSION


      This action was initiated by the Board through its appointed disciplinary counsel.
Respondent was given adequate notice of the allegation that she engaged in conduct
prohibited by the Rules Adopted by the State Board of Examiners of Court Reporters.
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Respondent was also given timely notice of the hearing before the panel and the hearing
before this court. Respondent was present at each hearing.


       The respondent does not contest the findings by the hearing panel. Indeed, she
stipulated to the facts and admits she violated Board Rule No. 9.F.9. (2019 Kan. S. Ct. R.
419) (failure to maintain impartiality). Furthermore, the findings of the hearing panel
establish by clear and convincing evidence the alleged misconduct. The evidence also
supports the panel's conclusions. We adopt the panel's findings and conclusions. We,
accordingly, find respondent engaged in prohibited conduct by failing to maintain
impartiality toward each participant in a trial she reported for in district court.


       The only remaining issue before us is the appropriate discipline for the
respondent's violation. The Board may recommend the following discipline to the Kansas
Supreme Court: (1) public reprimand; (2) imposition of a period of probation with
special conditions which may include additional professional education or re-education;
(3) suspension of the certificate; or (4) revocation of the certificate. Board Rule No.
9.E.4. (2019 Kan. S. Ct. R. 418).


       Prior to the hearing before this court, the disciplinary counsel agreed with the
hearing panel that a public reprimand was the appropriate discipline. During rebuttal
closing argument, the disciplinary counsel argued it was apparent that more than a public
reprimand was appropriate and some "educational discipline" was needed. The
respondent requested that the cease and desist order be private.


       In support of her requested discipline, respondent's arguments are summarized as
follows: (1) the rule prohibiting partiality lacks a clear definition; (2) she was not partial
toward either side during the actual reporting of the trial; (3) the trial and jury conviction
occurred several years before she made the comments and she had moved to another
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county so she knew she would never be involved with the case again; (4) she had been
"baited" into making the comments; (5) she did not make these comments to any public
news reporter or outlet; (6) she has cooperated with the investigation, apologized, and
promised not to make the same mistake; and (7) this is her first violation and she has
remained in good standing during her more than 25 years of reporting.


       Our judicial system derives its authority from being fair and just. To accomplish
this, the courts and officers of the court must maintain an image of fairness and
impartiality in the administration of justice. See Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar, 575 U.S.
433, 135 S. Ct. 1656, 1666, 191 L. Ed. 2d 570 (2015) ("Unlike the executive or the
legislature, the judiciary 'has no influence over either the sword or the purse; . . . neither
force nor will but merely judgment.' The judiciary's authority therefore depends in large
measure on the public's willingness to respect and follow its decisions. [Citation
omitted.]"). Court reporters employed by the district courts are officers of the court.
Supreme Court Rule 352 (2019 Kan. S. Ct. R. 412). As such, they have an ongoing duty
to avoid conduct that may be perceived by the public as partial in matters that come
before the court.


       With this background, we address respondent's arguments for a private cease and
desist order.


       The meaning of impartiality


       Board Rule No. 9.F. sets forth conduct that is prohibited by a court reporter, which
includes failure to maintain impartiality toward each participant in all aspects of reported
proceedings or other court-related matters. Although respondent concedes that in
hindsight her comments were inappropriate, she argues that impartiality should be better


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described and examples should be given in the Rules. But impartiality is an underlying
principle of our justice system.


       For example, the Rules Relating to Judicial Conduct are not much more specific.
Supreme Court Rule 601B, Canon 1, Rule 1.2 (2019 Kan. S. Ct. R. 441) states: "A judge
shall act at all times in a manner that promotes public confidence in the independence,
integrity, and impartiality of the judiciary . . . ." Comment 3 explains why the Canon does
not give examples of how these principles could be violated: "Because it is not
practicable to list all such conduct, the Rule is necessarily cast in general terms." (2019
Kan. S. Ct. R. 441). Impartiality is not a complex concept. It is defined as absence of bias
or prejudice in favor of, or against, particular parties or classes of parties, as well as
maintenance of an open mind in considering issues that may come before a judge. Rule
601B, Terminology (2019 Kan. S. Ct. R. 436).


       Respondent knew the case she was discussing was on appeal because her
Facebook comment acknowledged the possibility that the defendant may get a new trial
but opined the defendant would be found guilty again. This comment, along with her
other comments that spanned almost a year and a half, completely ignores the
presumption of innocence that defendant carries throughout a trial. Respondent's
comments are concrete and classic examples of bias or prejudice against a party.


       The context of the comments


       Respondent argues that her inappropriate comments are mitigated by the
circumstances. However, the fact the first trial was held a few years before respondent
made the comments is of no importance when considering mitigating factors. Respondent
was still employed in the judicial system as a court reporter. How long after a trial she
showed partiality against the defendant does not matter. Nor does it matter if she feels she
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was tricked or baited into making the comments. The respondent had an ethical duty to
refrain from making them. Furthermore, the record clearly shows the respondent was not
drawn or provoked into making these comments; they were her opinions and they were
initiated by her. Finally, respondent's argument that her comments should be considered
less serious because they were made on a social media platform rather than a media outlet
is without merit. What matters is the comments were made in public.


       Respondent's behavior after the complaint


       Respondent's conduct was egregious, and respondent agrees her comments, which
were made over a year's period of time, damaged her profession. However, once a formal
complaint was filed against her, she cooperated with the investigation, agreed she made
inappropriate comments, apologized, and stated she will not make the same mistake
again. These are mitigating factors that we consider in determining the appropriate
discipline.


       Having considered all matters raised, we find the Board's recommendation for a
public reprimand to be persuasive.


                              CONCLUSION AND DISCIPLINE


       IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that April C. Shepard be and is hereby disciplined by
public reprimand in accordance with Board Rule No. 9.E.4. of the Rules Adopted by the
State Board of Examiners of Court Reporters.


       IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that this opinion be published in the official Kansas
Reports.


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      MICHAEL J. MALONE, District Judge Retired, assigned.1




1
 REPORTER'S NOTE: Retired District Judge Malone was appointed to hear CCR No.
1318 under the authority vested in the Supreme Court by K.S.A. 20-2616 to fill the
vacancy on the court created by the retirement of Justice Johnson.

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