                               COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


Present: Chief Judge Felton, Judge McClanahan and Senior Judge Fitzpatrick
Argued at Richmond, Virginia


BREON LEWIS, S/K/A
 BREON DAMONT LEWIS
                                                             MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY
v.     Record No. 1671-05-2                              CHIEF JUDGE WALTER S. FELTON, JR.
                                                                  OCTOBER 31, 2006
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA


                  FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF RICHMOND
                               Margaret P. Spencer, Judge

                 Michael E. Hollomon for appellant.

                 Alice T. Armstrong, Assistant Attorney General (Robert F.
                 McDonnell, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.


       Breon Lewis (appellant) was convicted, following a jury trial, of conspiracy to commit

murder in violation of Code §§ 18.2-22 and 18.2-32, conspiracy to commit robbery in violation of

Code §§ 18.2-22 and 18.2-58, robbery in violation of Code § 18.2-58, and abduction in violation of

Code § 18.2-48. On appeal, he argues his abduction conviction is void for lack of subject matter

jurisdiction because the trial transcript shows that he was never arraigned on that charge and that the

trial court did not enter a plea with respect to that charge.1 We disagree, and affirm his conviction

for abduction.




       *
           Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
       1
         In support of his argument, appellant relies on Cassidy v. Payton, 210 Va. 80, 168
S.E.2d 125 (1969) (entry of a plea is “jurisdictional in nature in the sense that without such a
proper plea, ‘there can be no trial of a felony charge’”).
        Although the trial transcript2 does not reflect that appellant was arraigned on the abduction

charge, or that he entered a plea on that charge, the jury trial order entered by the trial court

indicates the contrary. Specifically, the jury trial order states that on April 18, 2005,

                [t]he bifurcated jury trial of the defendant, who is charged with
                Murder, Use of a Firearm, Conspiracy, Robbery and Abduction,
                began. The defendant appeared in person with appointed counsel.

                            *       *       *       *        *       *       *

                The defendant was arraigned and pled NOT GUILTY and
                requested a trial by jury.

        It is well settled that “[a] court speaks through its written orders.” Robinson v.

Commonwealth, 28 Va. App. 148, 155, 502 S.E.2d 704, 708 (1998) (citing Cunningham v. Smith,

205 Va. 205, 208, 135 S.E.2d 770, 773 (1964)). Because “[a] recital of proceedings in a judicial

order is an ‘absolute verity and it is not subject to collateral attack,’” Kern v. Commonwealth, 2

Va. App. 84, 88, 341 S.E.2d 397, 400 (1986) (quoting Kibert v. Commonwealth, 216 Va. 660, 662,

222 S.E.2d 790, 791 (1976)), we presume “that [a trial] court order, as the final pronouncement on

the subject, rather than a transcript that may be flawed by omissions, accurately reflects what

transpired.” Stamper v. Commonwealth, 220 Va. 260, 280-81, 257 S.E.2d 808, 822 (1979).

        The jury trial order clearly states that appellant was arraigned and entered a plea of not

guilty on the abduction charge. Our review of the transcript establishes that at the beginning of the

trial, multiple indictments, each arising out of the incident leading to them, were read to appellant

and that he pled not guilty to each of them. During voir dire, the trial court told the jury that

appellant had been charged with several offenses, including abduction. The trial court denied

appellant’s motions to strike the abduction charge on grounds that the evidence was insufficient,




        2
         As a result of illness requiring hospitalization of the court reporter who was present
during trial, the transcript was prepared by another court reporter using the trial reporter’s notes.
It was not available to counsel until several months after the trial was completed.
                                                 -2-
made at both the close of the Commonwealth’s case-in-chief and at the close of all the evidence.

Moreover, the trial court instructed the jury, without objection, on the abduction charge. From the

record before us, we conclude appellant failed to rebut the presumptive verity of the jury trial order.

Appellant’s abduction conviction is therefore affirmed.

                                                                                       Affirmed.




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