             IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Jeffery J. Myers,                        :
                    Petitioner           :
                                         :
             v.                          : No. 94 C.D. 2019
                                         : Submitted: May 24, 2019
Unemployment Compensation                :
Board of Review,                         :
                 Respondent              :


BEFORE:      HONORABLE MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge
             HONORABLE RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, Judge
             HONORABLE CHRISTINE FIZZANO CANNON, Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY PRESIDENT JUDGE LEAVITT                           FILED: July 25, 2019

             Jeffery J. Myers (Claimant), pro se, petitions for review of an order of
the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review (Board), affirming the Referee’s
decision to dismiss his appeal as untimely. On appeal, Claimant argues that he did
not receive the notices of determination; therefore, he was unable to file a timely
appeal. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
             After his separation from employment, Claimant filed an application
for unemployment compensation benefits. On May 2, 2017, and May 3, 2017, the
Unemployment Compensation (U.C.) Service Center issued three notices of
determination. The first notice, mailed May 2, 2017, approved unemployment
compensation benefits for Claimant, with the waiting week ending April 22, 2017.
The second and third notices, mailed on May 3, 2017, assessed a fault overpayment,
six penalty weeks, and a 15 percent penalty because Claimant had failed to report all
earnings. The notices stated that Claimant had 15 days, or until May 17, 2017, and
May 18, 2017, respectively, to file an appeal. On May 11, 2018, Claimant filed an
appeal.
               The appeal was assigned to a Referee. On June 27, 2018, the Referee
conducted a hearing on the timeliness of Claimant’s appeal in which Claimant
participated by telephone.
               Claimant confirmed that his home address was correct on each of the
notices of determination. Nevertheless, Claimant testified that he did not receive
any of the three notices. Claimant testified:

               [t]he only thing that I received was the – a bill, which prompted
               me to call and for about a year, I had been trying to get in contact
               and tried to appeal everything that has been going on. As you
               can see, there’s a period of time when I emailed. There were
               periods of time that I made phone calls.

Notes of Testimony, 6/27/2018, at 4 (N.T. __). Claimant stated that he usually
receives his mail, and he has not filed a complaint with the U.S. Postal Service about
his mail being lost. Id.
               By decision dated June 29, 2018, the Referee dismissed Claimant’s
appeal as untimely pursuant to Section 501(e) of the Unemployment Compensation
Law (Law).1 The Referee found that on May 2, 2017, and May 3, 2017, the U.C.


1
 Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex. Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897, as amended, 43 P.S. §821(e).
Section 501(e) states that:
        [u]nless the claimant ... files an appeal with the board, from the determination
        contained in any notice required to be furnished by the department under section
        five hundred and one (a), (c) and (d), within fifteen calendar days after such notice
        was delivered to him personally, or was mailed to his last known post office
        address, and applies for a hearing, such determination of the department, with
        respect to the particular facts set forth in such notice, shall be final and
        compensation shall be paid or denied in accordance therewith.
43 P.S. §821(e).
                                                 2
Service Center mailed the notices of determination to Claimant’s last known address,
and they were not returned as undeliverable. The notices stated that an appeal was
due on May 17, 2017, and May 18, 2017, but Claimant appealed May 11, 2018,
nearly one year late.
               Claimant appealed the Referee’s decision to the Board, contending that
he never received the U.C. Service Center’s notices of determination. On December
19, 2018, the Board affirmed the Referee’s decision. The Board adopted the
Referee’s findings of fact and legal conclusions and did not credit Claimant’s
testimony that he did not receive the notices. Claimant petitioned for this Court’s
review.
               On appeal,2 Claimant argues that the Referee and the Board erred. He
contends that the U.S. Postal Service loses mail. Moreover, since the notices were
sent by regular mail, and not certified mail, there is no proof that he actually received
the notices.
               Under Section 501(e) of the Law, a claimant has 15 days to appeal the
U.C. Service Center’s notice of determination. 43 P.S. §821(e). The statutory time
limit for filing an appeal is mandatory.               Blast Intermediate Unit No. 17 v.
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 645 A.2d 447, 449 (Pa. Cmwlth.
1994). It cannot be extended as a matter of grace or mere indulgence. Constantini,



2
  In unemployment compensation appeals, this Court’s review determines whether constitutional
rights were violated, an error of law was committed, or findings of fact are supported by substantial
evidence. Kirkwood v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 525 A.2d 841, 844-45 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 1987). “Where, as here, however, the burdened party was the only one to present
evidence and that party did not prevail below, this Court’s scope of review is limited to determining
whether the factfinder capriciously disregarded competent evidence and whether there was a
constitutional violation or an error of law.” Constantini v. Unemployment Compensation Board
of Review, 173 A.3d 838, 842 n.4 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2017).
                                                 3
173 A.3d at 844. A claimant has a heavy burden to justify an untimely appeal. Blast
Intermediate Unit No. 17, 645 A.2d at 449.
               Here, the record shows that the three notices of determination were sent
to Claimant at his correct address, and none were returned as undeliverable.
Claimant had until May 17 and 18, 2017, to file an appeal, but he did not appeal until
May 11, 2018.
               The Board applied the “mailbox rule,” which created a rebuttable
presumption that Claimant received the notices of determination. This Court has
explained the mailbox rule as follows:

               [t]he common law “mailbox rule” provides that the depositing in
               the post office of a properly addressed letter with prepaid postage
               raises a natural presumption that the letter reached its destination
               by due course of mail…. Thus, under the “mailbox rule,”
               evidence that a letter has been mailed ordinarily will be sufficient
               to permit a fact finder to find that the letter was, in fact, received
               by the party to whom it was addressed….

Roman-Hutchinson v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 972 A.2d
1286, 1288 n.3 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2009) (internal citations omitted).3
               Claimant had the opportunity to rebut the presumption that he received
the notices of determination; however, the Board rejected his evidence of non-receipt
as not credible. The Board’s credibility determination is not subject to review by
this Court. See Umedman v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 52


3
  Although Claimant argues that the U.C. Service Center should have used certified mail, “there is
no requirement that the unemployment compensation authorities send a [notice of determination]
in any manner other than mail.” Sheller v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review (Pa.
Cmwlth., No. 1833 C.D. 2017, filed August 16, 2018), slip op. at 4 (unreported). An unreported
panel decision of this Court, “issued after January 15, 2008,” may be cited “for its persuasive
value[.]” Section 414(a) of the Commonwealth Court’s Internal Operating Procedures, 210 Pa.
Code §69.414(a).
                                                4
A.3d 558, 562 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2012) (quoting Procito v. Unemployment Compensation
Board of Review, 945 A.2d 261, 262 n.1 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2008)) (The Board “is
empowered to resolve all conflicts in the evidence and to determine the credibility
of witnesses”). Therefore, Claimant failed to rebut the presumption of receipt of the
notices of determination.4
               For these reasons, we conclude that the Board properly dismissed
Claimant’s appeal as untimely. Accordingly, the Board’s adjudication is affirmed.



                                         _____________________________________
                                         MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge




4
  Additionally, Claimant did not challenge the presumption of the regularity of the U.C. Service
Center’s placement of the notices of determination in the mail. Even if he did raise this issue, he
would not have prevailed because the record contains copies of the notices as well as the claim
record showing the processing of these documents. Certified Record Item Nos. 1 and 6.
                                                5
             IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Jeffery J. Myers,                    :
                    Petitioner       :
                                     :
             v.                      : No. 94 C.D. 2019
                                     :
Unemployment Compensation            :
Board of Review,                     :
                 Respondent          :


                                 ORDER


             AND NOW, this 25th day of July, 2019, the adjudication of the
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, dated December 19, 2018, is
AFFIRMED.


                                 _____________________________________
                                 MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge
