                                                                                                                           Opinions of the United
2006 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


6-9-2006

Marliano v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 05-2844




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                                                               NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                   UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                        FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT


                                  No. 05-2844


                                 MARLIANO,

                                                  Petitioner

                                       v.

                       ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE
                            UNITED STATES,

                                                  Respondent


                     On Petition for Review of an Order of
                       The Board of Immigration Appeals
              Immigration Judge: Honorable Donald Vincent Ferlise
                            (BIA No. A96-259-843)


                   Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                 June 7, 2006


          Before: AMBRO, FUENTES and GREENBERG, Circuit Judges


                          (Opinion filed: June 9, 2006)



                                   OPINION



AMBRO, Circuit Judge
       Marliano,1 an ethnic Chinese Buddhist from Indonesia, applied for asylum in the

United States, withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against

Torture (CAT). His application mentioned only three incidents of individual harm, and

once observing an ethnic Chinese assaulted during a street riot, in over 22 years in

Indonesia. While the Immigration Judge (IJ) found Marliano credible, the IJ found no

evidence to support either past persecution or a well-founded fear of future persecution.

We agree and deny the petition for review.

                    I. Factual Background and Procedural History

       We briefly relate the facts, which are well known to the parties. Marliano is an

Indonesian native, an ethnic Chinese, and a Buddhist. He, like many others similarly

situated, seeks asylum and withholding of removal in the United States because he fears

for his safety in Indonesia.

       In 1980, an Indonesian man broke into his house and killed his four-year-old

brother; Marliano was seven at the time. In 1993, Buddhist temples were burned by

native Indonesians. In May 1998, Marliano watched from his window at work as an

ethnic Chinese person was assaulted on the street during a riot. In November 1998,

Marliano and some of his relatives were preparing an altar outside their home when a

group of native Indonesians destroyed the altar and told them not to worship outside

again. In May 1999, Marliano was mugged on a bus by three native Indonesians. He


  1
   Petitioner has only one name. See also Sugiarto v. Gonzales, 153 Fed. Appx. 104,
105 n.1 (3d Cir. 2005) (noting that Indonesian petitioner had only one name).

                                             2
then saved up money until 2002 and came to the United States.

       After nearly a year in this country, Marliano filed an application for asylum,

withholding of removal, and protection under the CAT. It was denied, and he went

before the IJ in May 2003. Marliano conceded his removability and renewed his

application. In January 2005, the IJ denied the requested relief and ordered Marliano

removed to Indonesia. He appealed to the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA), which

affirmed the IJ’s findings without opinion. This petition for review followed.

                           II. Jurisdiction and Standard of Review

       Our jurisdiction arises under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. “When the BIA affirms an IJ

without opinion, we review the IJ’s opinion.” Butt v. Gonzales, 429 F.3d 430, 433 (3d

Cir. 2005) (internal quotation marks omitted). The IJ’s persecution determinations are

“findings of fact that we review under the deferential substantial evidence standard.”

Abdille v. Ashcroft, 242 F.3d 477, 483 (3d Cir. 2001). Under that standard, the IJ’s

“finding must be upheld unless the evidence not only supports a contrary conclusion, but

compels it.” Id. at 484.

                                       III. Discussion

       To qualify for asylum, Marliano must show that he is unable or unwilling to return

to Indonesia because he experienced past persecution or because he has a well-founded

fear of future persecution “on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a

particular social group, or political opinion.” 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42)(A); Abdille, 242

F.3d at 482.

                                             3
       The IJ’s findings that Marliano did not establish past persecution are not

contradicted by the evidence. Marliano could not connect the 1980 incident of his

brother’s death to any persecution based on his ethnicity or religion. He was not hurt, nor

was his employer harmed, during the 1998 riots. Although the altar outside his home was

destroyed, he had worshiped outside for five years, and had had no problems until the one

incident, which seems isolated rather than part of a pattern of persecution. And the

mugging in 1999 does not rise to the level of persecution. See Lie v. Ashcroft, 396 F.3d

530, 536 (3d Cir. 2005) (“Simple robbery, in isolation, while unfortunate and troubling,

does not seem to meet th[e] stringent standard [for persecution].”). We have said before

that “‘persecution’ is an extreme concept that does not include every sort of treatment our

society regards as offensive.” Fatin v. INS, 12 F.3d 1233, 1243 (3d Cir. 1993). Indeed,

we defined persecution to “include threats to life, confinement, torture, and economic

restrictions so severe that they constitute a threat to life or freedom.” Id. at 1240. We

have nothing of the sort before us here.

       The IJ’s findings about Marliano’s inability to establish a well-founded fear of

future persecution are also supported by the record. The State Reports on Indonesia do

not reflect persecution of ethnic Chinese or Buddhists by the Indonesian government or

an inability or unwillingness on the part of the government to protect these groups.

Marliano has failed to “establish either that [he] faces an individualized risk of

persecution or that there is a ‘pattern or practice’ of persecution of Chinese [Buddhists] in

Indonesia.” Lie, 396 F.3d at 537. Plus, Marliano’s family remains in Indonesia. See id.

                                              4
(“[W]hen family members remain in petitioner’s native country without meeting harm,

and there is no individualized showing that petitioner would be singled out for

persecution, the reasonableness of a petitioner’s well-founded fear of future persecution is

diminished.”).

       Because Marliano could not meet the lower standard for asylum, he therefore

could not establish eligibility for withholding of removal. Paripovic v. Gonzales, 418

F.3d 240, 246 (3d Cir. 2005). Moreover, Marliano failed to establish torture so as to

obtain relief under the CAT.

                                          *****

       We deny the petition for review.




                                             5
