[Cite as State v. White, 2019-Ohio-1159.]


STATE OF OHIO                     )                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                  )ss:               NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF LORAIN                  )

STATE OF OHIO                                        C.A. No.     18CA011305

        Appellee

        v.                                           APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                     ENTERED IN THE
TREVOR P. WHITE                                      COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                                                     COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO
        Appellant                                    CASE No.   15CR092202

                                 DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: March 29, 2019



        CALLAHAN, Judge.

        {¶1}     Appellant, Trevor White, appeals an order of the Lorain County Court of

Common Pleas that denied his post-sentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea. This Court

affirms.

                                               I.

        {¶2}     On January 30, 2017, Mr. White pleaded guilty to murder in violation of R.C.

2903.02(B); two counts of aggravated robbery in violation of R.C. 2911.01(A)(1) and (A)(3),

respectively; two counts of aggravated burglary in violation of R.C. 2911.11(A)(1) and (A)(2),

respectively; aggravated arson in violation of R.C. 2909.02(A)(2); tampering with evidence in

violation of R.C. 2921.12(A)(1); two counts of breaking and entering in violation of R.C.

2911.13(A); one count of abuse of a corpse in violation of R.C. 2927.01(B); involuntary

manslaughter in violation of R.C. 2903.04(A); and one count of engaging in a pattern of corrupt

activity in violation of R.C. 2923.32(A)(1).        Mr. White also pleaded guilty to firearm
                                                  2


specifications that accompanied several of the charges. The trial court sentenced Mr. White to a

prison term of eighteen years to life. Mr. White did not file an appeal.

          {¶3}   On February 23, 2018, Mr. White moved to withdraw his guilty plea pursuant to

Crim.R. 32.1, relying exclusively on this Court’s decision in State v. Kubisen, 9th Dist. Lorain

No. 16CA011065, 2017-Ohio-8781. The trial court denied the motion, and Mr. White filed this

appeal.

                                                  II.

                                   ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

          THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN                               DENYING
          APPELLANT’S MOTION TO WITHDRAW GUILTY PLEA.

          {¶4}   Mr. White’s only assignment of error argues that the trial court erred by failing to

allow him to withdraw his guilty plea pursuant to this Court’s decision in Kubisen.

          {¶5}   In Kubisen, the State of Ohio challenged an order that referred the appellant to

intervention in lieu of conviction on the basis that the requirements of R.C. 2951.041(B)(4) and

(B)(6) had not been met. Id. at ¶ 3. This Court first noted the language of R.C. 2951.041(C),

which provides that when a trial court determines that intervention in lieu of conviction is

appropriate, it must “accept the offender’s plea of guilty.”1 Kubisen at ¶ 4. This Court then

reasoned from that language and from the language of Crim.R. 11(C) that “[t]he most basic

premise of Crim.R. 11(C) is that a defendant enter a guilty (or no contest) plea and, thereafter,

the court accept the plea.” Kubisen at ¶ 6. This reflects no more or less than a close reading of

Crim.R. 11(C).




          1
       R.C. 2951.041 has been amended since this Court’s decision in Kubisen.                    The
amendments are not relevant to this appeal.
                                                3


       {¶6}    From that point, however, this Court took a further step by interpreting what

Crim.R. 11(C) must mean in its repeated use of the phrase “a plea of guilty.” See Kubisen at ¶ 7-

9. In so doing, we defined “a plea of guilty” exclusively as a single verbal response to an

explicit question posed by the trial court. Id. This Court also intimated that anything else failed

to comport with Crim.R. 11(C). Kubisen at ¶ 10.

       {¶7}    Crim.R. 11(C) speaks much to the substance of a guilty plea hearing. The Ohio

Supreme Court has summarized its import in that respect:

       Crim.R. 11(C) prescribes the process that a trial court must use before accepting a
       plea of guilty to a felony. State v. Veney, 120 Ohio St.3d 176, 2008-Ohio-5200,
       897 N.E.2d 621, ¶ 8. The trial court must follow certain procedures and engage
       the defendant in a detailed colloquy before accepting his or her plea. [State v.
       Clark, 119 Ohio St.3d 239, 2008-Ohio-3748, ¶ 25]; see Crim.R. 11(C). The court
       must make the determinations and give the warnings that Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) and
       (b) require and must notify the defendant of the constitutional rights that Crim.R.
       11(C)(2)(c) identifies. Veney at ¶ 13. While the court must strictly comply with
       the requirements listed in Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(c), the court need only substantially
       comply with the requirements listed in Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) and (b). Id. at ¶ 18.

State v. Bishop, Slip Opinion No. 2018-Ohio-5132, ¶ 11. Crim.R. 11(C), however, does not

speak with specificity to the form that “a plea of guilty” must take. See generally State v.

Alridge, 6th Dist. Sandusky No. S-15-001, 2015-Ohio-4064, ¶ 11-15. Further reflection now

compels us to conclude that this Court’s decision in Kubisen interpreted Crim.R. 11(C) too

narrowly and, for that reason, it was wrongly decided. See generally Westfield Ins. Co. v.

Galatis, 100 Ohio St.3d 216, 2003-Ohio-5849, paragraph one of the syllabus.

       {¶8}    Mr. White’s motion to withdraw his guilty plea and his argument in this Court

were based solely upon Kubisen’s conclusion regarding the form of “a plea of guilty” for

purposes of Crim.R. 11(C). Consequently, this Court need not consider or define the parameters

of “a plea of guilty” in order to resolve this case. While a direct inquiry to the defendant may

make a clearer record, it suffices to conclude, for purpose of this opinion, that the terms of
                                                 4


Crim.R. 11(C) do not limit the phrase “a plea of guilty” as this Court previously stated in

Kubisen. Mr. White’s assignment of error is overruled.

                                                III.

       {¶9}    Mr. White’s assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Lorain County

Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

                                                                              Judgment affirmed.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of

this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellant.




                                                       LYNNE S. CALLAHAN
                                                       FOR THE COURT
                                          5


TEODOSIO, P. J.
CARR, J.
CONCUR.


APPEARANCES:

BRETT F. MURNER, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

DENNIS P. WILL, Prosecuting Attorney, and LINDSEY C. POPROCKI, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney, for Appellee.
