                                      RECORD IMPOUNDED

                                NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.




                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-5272-18T1

T.R.,

          Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

B.M., Jr.,

     Defendant-Respondent.
______________________________

                    Submitted April 1, 2020 – Decided May 1, 2020

                    Before Judges Whipple and Mawla.

                    On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
                    Chancery Division, Family Part, Bergen County,
                    Docket No. FV-02-1144-19.

                    Muller & Muller, attorneys for appellant (Lynn S.
                    Muller and Steven T. Muller, on the briefs).

                    Jeffrey Marc Bloom, attorney for respondent.

PER CURIAM

          Plaintiff T.R. appeals from a June 24, 2019 order amending a Final

Restraining Order (FRO) entered against defendant B.M., Jr., adjudicating
issues of property division and the parties' obligation to pay college expenses .

We affirm in part, and reverse and remand in part for further proceedings.

      The parties began a relationship in 1995. Two children were born of the

relationship, a son who is emancipated and a daughter who, at the time of the

amended FRO, completed her sophomore year in college. In 1998, the parties

purchased a Bergenfield residence titled and later encumbered by a mortgage

in both names.

      The parties' relationship worsened, which led to domestic violence and

entry of an FRO in January 2019. In pertinent part, the FRO stated: "By

consent, defendant is permitted to remain in the residence until the house is

sold. The house shall be listed for sale immediately." The residence was not

listed for sale. In April 2019, plaintiff filed a complaint under the domestic

violence docket, which the trial court treated as a motion, seeking partition of

the residence and contribution to the daughter's college expenses. Defendant

filed a cross-motion seeking financial relief unrelated to this appeal and

attached a Case Information Statement (CIS) to his pleadings.

      The parties disputed who contributed to the residential expenses,

including its purchase.    Plaintiff insisted she funded the purchase of the

residence and its carrying expenses during the parties' relationship and even

after she fled the residence because of domestic violence. Plaintiff also sought



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                                       2
a contribution from defendant to the daughter's college expenses, asserting she

paid the expenses. Defendant argued the parties shared the expenses for the

residence and the daughter, and the remaining equity in the residence should

first be used to pay their daughter's college expenses for her junior and senior

years, so she could graduate without debt, and thereafter shared equally by the

parties.

      The motion judge first heard the matter in May 2019. After the first

appearance, the judge entered an amended FRO memorializing the parties'

agreement to sell the residence with an agreed-upon broker. The judge ordered

the parties to return on a separate date to address the relief sought in

defendant's cross-motion and to "determine whether or not an attorney in fact

shall be appointed and if the sale proceeds shall be held in escrow." The judge

also ordered "both parties shall submit documentation regarding the purchase

of the Bergenfield property and payment of [the] mortgage and home equity

loan utilize[d] to pay college tuition as well as proof of payment for college

tuition that came from the home equity loan."

      The parties returned to court in June 2019 and engaged in lengthy oral

argument.   The judge took limited testimony related only to the cost and

payment of the daughter's off-campus housing. The judge entered an amended

FRO and in pertinent part ordered:



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                                       3
             Defendant shall pay [$2875.50] to [plaintiff] for
             reimbursement of fall 2017 tuition fees and costs
             without prejudice and subject to credits being proven
             by defendant. Effective July 1, 2019[,] both parties to
             share . . . campus costs for tuition, books, etc. [fifty-
             fifty] after scholarship, loans, grants, work study and
             any other form of [financial] aid obtained by [the
             parties' daughter] in consideration of the [Newburgh v.
             Arrigo1] factors. Effective [July] 1, 2019[,] both
             parties to give $500.00 to [the daughter] for off
             campus housing and support. Parties to exchange
             documentation       within    [twenty-one]    days     to
             [determine] appropriate credit for funds spent on
             college expenses between fall 2017 and spring 2019.

       In the amended FRO the judge also appointed an attorney in fact to

             handle the sale of the former marital home. [The
             attorney-in-fact] shall be paid reasonable attorney's
             fees out of the sale proceeds at the time of closing. . . .
             [The] net proceeds [shall] be held in escrow pending a
             full accounting of home equity loan [disbursements].
             Both parties to provide a full accounting within
             [thirty] days of this order of the funds spent from the
             home equity line which shall be considered at the time
             the net proceeds are to be distributed. Net proceeds to
             be shared equally.

       "The general rule is that findings by the trial court are binding on appeal

when supported by adequate, substantial, credible evidence."               Cesare v.

Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 411-12 (1998); see also T.M.S. v. W.C.P., 450 N.J.

Super. 499, 502 (App. Div. 2017).



1
    88 N.J. 529 (1982).


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                                         4
            "On the other hand, where our review addresses
            questions of law, 'a trial judge's findings are not
            entitled to the same degree of deference if they are
            based upon a misunderstanding of the applicable legal
            principles.'" N.T.B. v. D.D.B., 442 N.J. Super. 205,
            215 (App. Div. 2015) (quoting N.J. Div. of Youth &
            Family Servs. v. Z.P.R., 351 N.J. Super. 427, 434
            (App. Div. 2002)). The appropriate standard of
            review for conclusions of law is de novo. S.D. v.
            M.J.R., 415 N.J. Super. 417, 430 (App. Div. 2010)
            (citing Manalapan Realty, L.P. v. Twp. Comm. of
            Manalapan, 140 N.J. 366, 378 (1995)).

            [T.M.S., 450 N.J. Super. at 502.]

      On appeal, plaintiff argues the motion judge misinterpreted the case as

one involving equitable distribution and erred as a matter of the law when she

found the parties were joint owners. Plaintiff points out the order described

the property as "the former marital home" yet the parties were unmarried. She

argues the judge erred by permitting hearsay evidence related to the daughter's

housing expenses, not requiring defendant to submit a CIS, and adjudicating

college expenses using only defendant's paystubs. Plaintiff asserts the judge

should have ordered discovery. She contends the judge gave no reasons for

appointing the attorney-in-fact. She argues the judge erred by not holding a

plenary hearing to address college expenses and division of the real estate.

      We disagree with plaintiff's assertion the judge misunderstood this case

to involve equitable distribution.     Although the deed to the Bergenfield

property incorrectly stated the parties held title as a married couple, the record

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                                        5
readily demonstrates the judge was not under the misimpression the parties

were married. The judge clearly understood the parties possessed the property

jointly.

      In Mitchell v. Oksienik, we addressed a property division dispute

between an unmarried couple incident to a domestic violence proceeding. 380

N.J. Super. 119, 123 (App. Div. 2005). There, following a post-FRO plenary

hearing, defendant appealed from the trial judge's decision to equally divide

the net sales proceeds of a residence titled in defendant's name, which the

parties occupied during their lengthy relationship.             Id. at 123-126.

Specifically, defendant argued

            the trial court erred in utilizing the statutory equitable
            distribution rationale in distributing property of a non-
            married couple[, . . .] and exceeded its jurisdiction in
            ordering the sale of the property and awarding
            [plaintiff] a one-half interest therein under the
            [Prevention of Domestic Violence Act,] which is the
            basis for the jurisdiction [that] exists in this action.

            [Id. at 126-27 (third alteration in original) (internal
            quotations omitted).]

      We affirmed and held "[a]s joint venturers, the parties are entitled to

seek a partition [including sale] of their property when their joint enterprise

comes to an end . . . ." Id. at 127. We stated: "To deny co-habiting but

unmarried persons the legal and equitable remedies generally available would

be unfair and unwise." Id. at 128.

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                                        6
      Importantly and relevant to the issues raised on this appeal we stated:

                   Our review of the trial court's oral opinion
            discloses that the court did not apply equitable
            distribution principles to the case at bar. Rather, the
            court made factual findings and, within its general
            equity powers, determined, based upon the facts
            establishing a joint enterprise, that the parties had
            equal interests in the real property.

            . . . At the plenary hearing, in the light of his factual
            findings that a joint enterprise existed, [the trial court]
            concluded that plaintiff was "entitled equitably to an
            equal share of the value of this house[.]" It is beyond
            question that the trial court determined the real
            property to be an asset of the joint enterprise it had
            found to exist.

                   Based upon the evidence proffered, and
            explicitly in the context of showings that had not been
            made, the court also found that both parties had made
            equal contributions to the purchase and maintenance
            of the real property. . . .

            [Id. at 129.]

      Here, there is no credible dispute regarding title or the existence of a

partnership. The residence was held in joint names, the parties were involved

in a long-term relationship, raised two children to adulthood, and funded their

educations, utilizing in part the equity in their residence. In this regard, in

recognition of the parties' partnership, the judge's decision was not erroneous.

However, what is lacking is a record on which we can discern whether an

equal division of residence was appropriate.         For these reasons, we are



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                                        7
constrained to reverse and remand the finding regarding the equal division of

the residence for a plenary hearing and further findings by the motion judge.

      Regarding the college expenses, the judge's findings addressed the

Newburgh factors.     However, the findings related to the third Newburgh

factor, pertaining to the amount of the contribution sought, offer no

explanation for her conclusion why the evidence did not support plaintiff's

claim that she paid for all the daughter's college expenses to date, requiring

defendant to reimburse plaintiff only for the fall 2017 tuition. Plaintiff filed a

certification addressing the Newburgh factors, and her certification noted there

were records attached, yet the judge concluded plaintiff offered no proof of the

expenses and did not explain what was lacking. Regardless, we glean from the

record and the resultant order that the judge intended the parties share in the

entirety of the daughter's college expenses equally.

      We agree with the motion judge the preponderance of the Newburgh

factors favor an equal contribution to the expenses after application of the

daughter's work-study income, grants, scholarships, and financial aid. The

judge's order regarding the payment for the off-campus housing also does not

constitute an abuse of discretion. Because the judge's order contemplate d the

parties exchange documentation related to their respective credits for the

payment of college, we suggest such an accounting occur after sale of the



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                                        8
residence. If the parties are unable to resolve the issue of credits for all four

years of the daughter's college, this issue should be joined for trial with the

dispute regarding the division of the residence.

      Because we remand the matter for reconsideration, we do not reach

plaintiff's argument the judge erred by deciding the matter without permitting

discovery.   Defendant notes plaintiff was afforded ample opportunity to

formally seek discovery and controlled the evidence related to the credits she

sought in order to achieve an unequal division of the equity in the residence.

Notwithstanding, because of the remand, the judge will have the discretion to

determine the extent and nature of the discovery necessary.        See Major v.

Maguire, 224 N.J. 1, 24 (2016) (holding "[w]hether the case is designated as

complex or handled as a summary action, Family Part judges have broad

discretion to permit, deny, or limit discovery in accordance with the

circumstances of the individual case.").

      The record amply supports the judge's decision to appoint an attorney in

fact to sell the residence and handle the net proceeds. For reasons unknown,

the parties failed to comply with their own agreement to sell the residence after

the court ordered it in the initial FRO. Moreover, even with able counsel, we

can readily understand how the existence of an FRO, and defendant's

occupancy of the residence, complicated a transaction that can require much



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                                        9
interaction between the parties. The judge had the inherent ability to enforce

her own orders. Joseph Harris & Sons, Inc. v. Van Loan, 23 N.J. 466, 469

(1957). She did not abuse her discretion by enforcing her order and appointing

an attorney in fact to facilitate the sale of the residence.

      Finally, to the extent we have not addressed plaintiff's other arguments it

is because they lack sufficient merit to warrant discussion in a written opinion.

R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).

      Affirmed in part, and reversed and remanded in part. We do not retain

jurisdiction.




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