                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 19-0920
                               Filed August 7, 2019


IN THE INTEREST OF M.E.,
Minor Child,

M.S., Mother,
      Appellant,

L.E., Father,
       Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

       Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Jackson County, Phillip J. Tabor,

District Associate Judge.



       A mother and a father separately appeal the termination of their parental

rights. AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.



       William A. Lansing of William A. Lansing, P.C., Dubuque, for appellant

mother.

       Elizabeth A. Srp of Srp Law, PLC, Clinton, for appellant father.

       Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Kathryn K. Lang, Assistant

Attorney General, for appellee State.

       Chris Raker and Stuart Hoover, Dubuque, attorneys and guardians ad litem

for minor child.



       Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Doyle and Bower, JJ. Tabor, J.,

takes no part.
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BOWER, Judge.

       L.E., father, and M.S., mother, separately appeal the juvenile court decision

terminating their parental rights to their child, M.E., born in August 2017. The father

contends the juvenile court should have established a guardianship rather than

terminating his parental rights. The mother contends the State failed to make

reasonable efforts to reunify her with M.E. and also argues the court erred in

denying her request to order a guardianship. We affirm on both appeals.

       We review termination-of-parental-rights cases de novo. In re A.B., 815

N.W.2d 764, 773 (Iowa 2012).

       The child was removed from the mother’s care while the father was in jail in

September 2018 based on concerns of domestic violence and illegal substance

use by both parents. Both parents were using methamphetamine and the child

tested positive for that substance. The father had abused drugs for about a

decade. The mother, too, had an acknowledged substance-abuse problem.

       The child was adjudicated a child in need of assistance (CINA) on

September 17. The child was placed with the mother’s sister, who also has two

children, ages four and eight, with M.E.’s father. A permanency and termination

of parental rights hearing was held on May 20, 2019. In the intervening eight

months, for all but about twenty days, each parent was in treatment, in jail, or

evading arrest warrants.     After eight consecutive months, neither parent had

successfully completed substance-abuse treatment. At the time of the termination

hearing, the father was in substance-abuse treatment to avoid additional jail time

and the mother was in jail; consequently, the child could not be returned to either

parent. The court may order the termination of a parent’s rights under Iowa Code
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section 232.116(1)(h) (2019) if it finds the child is three years old or younger, has

been adjudicated CINA, has been out of the parents’ custody for at least six

consecutive months, and clear and convincing evidence establishes the child

cannot be returned to the parents’ custody at the time. We find the elements for

termination under section 232.116(1)(h) were established by clear and convincing

evidence.

       We do not address the mother’s claims concerning reasonable efforts as

they were not timely made in the juvenile court.1 We will not review a reasonable-

efforts claim unless it is raised prior to the termination hearing. See In re L.M.W.,

518 N.W.2d 804, 807 (Iowa Ct. App. 1994) (stating a party challenging reasonable

efforts must do so prior to the termination hearing).

       We reject both parents’ assertions that a guardianship was more

appropriate than termination of parental rights in light of—as the mother argues—

the “intertwined nature of the proposed adoptive family.” It is the parent resisting

termination who bears the burden to establish an exception to termination under

Iowa Code section 232.116(3)(a). In re A.S., 906 N.W.2d 467, 476 (Iowa 2018).

Here, both parents requested a guardianship. The guardian ad litem and service

providers recommended termination of parental rights.              The juvenile court

considered guardianship and determined that while it could not “change the family




1
  The mother contends she was eligible for and requested a trial home placement of the
child with her in the residential treatment facility in February and March 2019. She also
complains the department of human services failed to address why she left treatment.
She does not point to where in the record she requested additional services from the
juvenile court. As far as we can determine, neither complaint was made to the juvenile
court until the mother testified at the termination hearing.
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dynamics,” it could provide the child with permanency and the relative providing

care for the child with the authority to bring consistency to the child’s chaotic life.

       “An appropriate determination to terminate a parent-child relationship is not

to be countermanded by the ability and willingness of a family relative to take the

child. The child’s best interests always remain the first consideration.” Id. at 475

(citation omitted). In determining whether termination of the parents’ rights is in a

child’s best interests, the court should “give primary consideration to the child’s

safety, to the best placement for furthering the long-term nurturing and growth of

the child, and to the physical, mental, and emotional condition and needs of the

child.” Iowa Code § 232.116(2). Terminating parental rights allows the child to

have permanency and stability with the relative through adoption, provides the

relative the ability to determine what relationships are in the child’s best interests,

removes the intermittent duty of a guardian to report to the court, and removes the

biological parents’ ability to seek termination of the guardianship in the future. See

A.S., 906 N.W.2d at 477–78 (noting “a guardianship is not a legally preferable

alternative to termination” (citation omitted)). We conclude termination is in the

child’s best interest and we therefore affirm on both appeals.

       AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.
