                 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                              AT JACKSON
                                   October 23, 2008 Session

               DEBRA J. EATON v. STEPHEN G. PORTERA, M.D.

                   Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Shelby County
                          No. CT-002787-06 Rita L. Stotts, Judge



                  No. W2007-02720-COA-R3-CV - Filed November 21, 2008


This is a medical malpractice case. The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of Appellee
doctor on grounds of insufficient service of process, and failure of Appellant patient to come forward
with the required expert proof to refute the motion for summary judgment. Finding no error, we
affirm.

      Tenn. R. App. P. 3; Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

J. STEVEN STAFFORD , J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ALAN E. HIGHERS, P.J., W.S.,
and DAVID R. FARMER , J., joined.

Aaron L. Thomas, Memphis, TN, for Appellant

Christopher L. Vescovo, Memphis, TN, for Appellee
Casey Shannon, Memphis, TN, for Appellee

                                             OPINION

        In May 2005, Appellant Debra J. Eaton was referred to Appellee Stephen G. Portera, M.D.
after being diagnosed with severe pelvic floor dysfunction. Dr. Portera is a licensed physician,
specializing in urogynecology. On May 31, 2005, Dr. Portera performed surgery on Ms. Eaton. The
surgery included a pubovaginal sling, anterior repair, posterior repair with grafts, and cystoscopy.
Following the surgery, Ms. Eaton developed some scar tissue on the left vaginal wall. On August
17, 2005, Dr. Portera performed a procedure to remove the scar tissue. An October 7, 2005 exam
showed normal vaginal tissue; at that time, Ms. Eaton’s sole complaint was some pain associated
with intercourse.

        On May 30, 2006, Ms. Eaton filed a complaint against Dr. Portera, alleging medical
malpractice arising from the May 31, 2005 surgery. Specifically, Ms. Eaton asserts that, as a result
of Dr. Portera’s alleged negligence, she suffered “severe and permanent physical and emotional
injury; including being left with a vaginal canal that has an insufficient depth to permit sexual
intercourse...[loss of] the ability to have normal bowel movements...[and trouble] urinat[ing] in a
normal fashion.” On or about June 19, 2006, a Shelby County deputy sheriff attempted to serve the
complaint and summons on Dr. Portera. The return indicates that the complaint and summons were
served on “Lamonda Robinson, pt care ast.” On October 19, 2006, Dr. Portera filed his answer, in
which he denies the material allegations of the complaint and raises, as affirmative defenses,
insufficiency of process and insufficiency of service of process.

        On August 10, 2007, Dr. Portera filed a motion for summary judgment, along with his
affidavit and Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56.03 statement of undisputed material facts in support thereof. Dr.
Portera’s motion is predicated on two grounds: (1) Ms. Eaton’s alleged failure to provide competent
expert testimony to dispute the affidavit of Dr. Portera; and (2) Ms. Eaton’s alleged failure to obtain
service of process on Dr. Portera. Ms. Eaton filed a memorandum in opposition to the motion for
summary judgment on October 23, 2007.

         The motion for summary judgment was heard on November 2, 2007. On November 20,
2007, the court entered an order granting Dr. Portera’s motion for summary judgment. Specifically,
the trial court held that “[Ms. Eaton] has not supported the allegations of medical negligence and
causation with competent expert testimony and therefore has not complied with Tenn. Code Ann.
§29-26-115.” The court further held that “[Dr. Portera] was not sufficiently served with process
pursuant to Tennessee Rule of Civil Procedure 4.04(1).”

       Ms. Eaton appeals and raises three issues for review as stated in her brief:

               1. Did the Circuit Court err in granting summary judgment to
               Defendant-Appellee Dr. Portera, when it ruled that Dr. Portera did not
               waive the defense of insufficiency of service of process by his failure
               to timely plead that defense with the requisite specificity?

               2. Did the Circuit Court err in granting summary judgment to
               Defendant-Appellee Dr. Portera, when it ruled that Dr. Portera was
               not served in accordance with Rule 4.04(1) which allows service on
               an individual’s authorized agent?

               3. Did the Circuit Court err in granting summary judgment to
               Defendant-Appellee Dr. Portera, when it denied Plaintiff-Appellant’s
               request for additional time to procure expert testimony in opposition
               to Defendant’s motion for summary judgment–when it would have
               been unreasonable for Plaintiff to have procured expensive expert
               testimony to support her complaint while Defendant’s motion to
               dismiss the complaint for “insufficiency of process” was still
               pending?




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        It is well settled that a motion for summary judgment should be granted when the movant
demonstrates that there are no genuine issues of material fact and that the moving party is entitled
to a judgment as a matter of law. See Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56.04. The party moving for summary
judgment bears the burden of demonstrating that no genuine issue of material fact exists. See Bain
v. Wells, 936 S.W.2d 618, 622 (Tenn.1997). On a motion for summary judgment, the court must take
the strongest legitimate view of evidence in favor of the nonmoving party, allow all reasonable
inferences in favor of that party, and discard all countervailing evidence. See id. In Byrd v. Hall, 847
S.W.2d 208 (Tenn.1993), our Supreme Court stated:

                 Once it is shown by the moving party that there is no genuine issue
                 of material fact, the nonmoving party must then demonstrate, by
                 affidavits or discovery material, that there is a genuine, material fact
                 dispute to warrant a trial. In this regard, Rule 56.05 provides that the
                 nonmoving party cannot simply rely upon his pleadings but must set
                 forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue of material
                 fact for trial.

Id. at 211 (citations omitted).

         Summary judgment is only appropriate when the facts and the legal conclusions drawn from
the facts reasonably permit only one conclusion. See Carvell v. Bottoms, 900 S.W.2d 23, 26
(Tenn.1995). Here, the material facts are undisputed. Because only questions of law are involved,
there is no presumption of correctness regarding a trial court's grant or denial of summary judgment.
See Bain, 926 S.W.2d at 622. Therefore, our review of the trial court's grant of summary judgment
is de novo on the record before this Court. See Warren v. Estate of Kirk, 954 S.W.2d 722, 723
(Tenn.1997).

                                           Service of Process

          Service of process on an individual defendant is governed by Tenn. R. Civ. P. 4.04(1), which
states:

                 The plaintiff shall furnish the person making the service with such
                 copies of the summons and complaint as are necessary. Service shall
                 be made as follows:

                 (1) Upon an individual other than an unmarried infant or an
                 incompetent person, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the
                 complaint to the individual personally, or if he or she evades or
                 attempts to evade service, by leaving copies thereof at the individual's
                 dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable
                 age and discretion then residing therein, whose name shall appear on
                 the proof of service, or by delivering the copies to an agent authorized


                                                   -3-
                by appointment or by law to receive service on behalf of the
                individual served.

         Insufficiency of service of process is one of six affirmative defenses that, under Tenn. R. Civ.
P. 12.02, must be set forth either in the defendant’s answer or by motion made before the filing of
an answer. Tenn. R. Civ. P. 8.03 requires defendants to “set forth affirmative facts in short and plain
terms.” Failure to comply with Tenn. R. Civ. P. 8.03 “constitutes a waiver of the matter.” See, e.g.,
Barker v. Heenkin Can, 804 S.W.2d 442, 444 (Tenn. 1991). Ms. Eaton first contends that Dr.
Portera failed to comply with Tenn. R. Civ. P. 8.03 and, thus, failed to preserve the affirmative
defense of failure of service of process for appeal. We disagree. In State ex rel. Berger v.
Huntsville, 63 S.W.3d 397, 399 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2001), this Court held that “once this defense [i.e.,
insufficiency of service of process] is raised, any other participation in the lawsuit by the defendant
does not constitute a waiver.” In his first affirmative defense, Dr. Portera specifically “asserts the
defense of insufficiency of process and insufficiency of service of process in that he was never
served with the Complaint pursuant to the Rules of Civil Procedure and Tennessee law.” Moreover,
Dr. Portera states that he is “specifically reserv[ing] this defense and is not waiving the defense by
filing this Answer.” We find that the language used by Dr. Portera in asserting this defense was
sufficient to put Ms. Eaton on notice of Dr. Eaton’s allegation that he was not properly served in this
matter. Furthermore, although Tennessee law specifically allows a defendant to continue
participation in a case without waiving the defense of insufficiency of service of process once it has
been raised, Berger, 63 S.W.3d at 399, Dr. Portera specifically states that he is not waiving the
defense in filing his answer or, otherwise, by participating in his defense of Ms. Eaton’s complaint.
Having determined that Dr. Portera did not waive this defense, we now turn to the record to
determine whether proper service was made in this case.

        It is well settled that an officer's return is prima facie evidence of proper service of process
and the oath of an interested party is legally insufficient to overcome the return. See Tenn. R. Civ.
P. 5.02; Royal Clothing Co. v. Holloway, 347 S.W.2d 491, 492 (Tenn. 1961). However, “the return
of an officer that he has executed process is of no higher grade of evidence than the other papers of
the case which came before [the court] as parts thereof; and if other parts of the ... record either
contradict the return of the [process server] or render it doubtful whether the return is true, we are
not bound to concede to its absolute verity.” Wilson v. Moss, 54 Tenn. 417, 419-20 (Feb. 8, 1872).

         As noted above, the officer’s return in this case indicates that service was made on
“Lamonda Robinson, pt care asst.” The return does not identify Ms. Robinson as Dr. Portera’s
agent; in fact, in his affidavit, Dr. Portera specifically avers that “[a]t no time have I ever appointed
Lamonda Robinson to accept service of process on my behalf, and Ms. Robinson is not and has
never been an authorized agent to accept service on my behalf.” In Haley v. Hitt Elec. Co., No.
01-A-01-9107-CH-00258, 1992 WL 7669, at *2 (Tenn. Ct. App. Jan.22, 1992), the court established
that “the only time any type of service other than personal service can be had upon an individual,
including service upon an authorized agent, is if the individual ‘evades or attempts to evade service
or if he is an infant or incompetent.’” The burden of proving that an individual evaded or attempted
to evade service of process is on the serving party. Haley, 1992 WL 7669, at *2. As noted above,


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there is no indication in this record that Dr. Portera was personally served. More importantly, the
evidence in record does not support a finding that Dr. Portera attempted to evade service so as to
allow service upon his authorized agent. Id. As discussed in Haley, the burden of proving that Dr.
Portera attempted to evade service rests upon Ms. Eaton in this case. Moreover, we note that, even
if Ms. Eaton had put forth sufficient evidence to show that Dr. Portera attempted to evade service,
she would still have to establish that Ms. Robinson was Dr. Portera’s authorized agent in order to
effectuate proper service. Relying upon this Court’s opinion in Eluhu v. Richards, No M2005-
00922-COA-R3-CV, 2006 WL 1521158 (Tenn. Ct. App. June 2, 2006), permission to appeal denied
(Tenn. Nov. 6, 2006), Ms. Eaton contends that Dr. Portera must come forward with a disinterested
witness or corroborating proof in order to impeach the officer’s return. We disagree. Unlike the case
at bar, the officer’s return in Eluhu contains some indication that process was actually served on the
named defendant.1 Here, there is no indication that Dr. Portera was personally served. In the
absence of evidence to support a finding that Dr. Portera attempted to evade service and, in the
absence of proof that Ms. Robinson was authorized to act as Dr. Portera’s agent, the burden does not
shift to Dr. Portera to bring forth the type of evidence contemplated in Eluhu. Id. at *6 (holding that
“when a defendant denies that he was served with process and the official return as well as the
testimony of the serving officer is to the contrary, then the testimony of the defendant must be
supported by other disinterested witnesses or by corroborating circumstances.”) (internal citations
omitted).

         However, even if we assume, arguendo (which we do not) that proper service was made on
Dr. Portera, Ms. Eaton’s medical malpractice claim is nonetheless fatally flawed due to the absence
of the required expert testimony. Tenn. Code Ann. §29-26-115(a) sets forth the prima facie case for
medical malpractice against a health care provider in Tennessee. The statute provides, in relevant
part:

                 a) In a malpractice action, the claimant shall have the burden of
                 proving by evidence as provided by subsection (b):

                 (1) The recognized standard of acceptable professional practice in the
                 profession and the specialty thereof, if any, that the defendant
                 practices in the community in which the defendant practices or in a
                 similar community at the time the alleged injury or wrongful action
                 occurred;

                 (2) That the defendant acted with less than or failed to act with
                 ordinary and reasonable care in accordance with such standard; and




        1
         The Eluhu Court notes that the summons was not clear because the officer had written that he had served the
named defendant and an employee of a co-defendant corporation had also signed the return of summons.

                                                        -5-
               (3) As a proximate result of the defendant's negligent act or omission,
               the plaintiff suffered injuries which would not otherwise have
               occurred.

Tenn. Code Ann. §29-26-115(b) mandates that the above requirements be established by expert
proof:

               (b) No person in a health care profession requiring licensure under the
               laws of this state shall be competent to testify in any court of law to
               establish the facts required to be established by subsection (a), unless
               the person was licensed to practice in the state or a contiguous
               bordering state a profession or specialty which would make the
               person's expert testimony relevant to the issues in the case and had
               practiced this profession or specialty in one (1) of these states during
               the year preceding the date that the alleged injury or wrongful act
               occurred. This rule shall apply to expert witnesses testifying for the
               defendant as rebuttal witnesses. The court may waive this subsection
               (b) when it determines that the appropriate witnesses otherwise would
               not be available.

        In his affidavit in support of his motion for summary judgment, Dr. Portera rebuts the
allegations of medical malpractice set out in Ms. Eaton’s complaint, and specifically avers that:

               10. At all times applicable, I complied with the recognized standards
               of acceptable professional practice in the treatment and care rendered
               to Ms. Eaton...as those standards existed in Memphis, Shelby County,
               Tennessee.

               11. The injuries complained of by Ms. Eaton in this case are of a type
               that can and do occur even in the absence of negligence when the
               procedures are carefully and competently performed, as in this case,
               in full compliance with the applicable standards of acceptable
               professional practice.

               12. To a reasonable degree of medical certainty, nothing that I did or
               allegedly failed to do with regard to the treatment and care rendered
               to Ms. Eaton during or following the May 31, 2005 surgical
               procedures caused Ms. Eaton to suffer any injury, damages or other
               consequences which would not otherwise have occurred.

       Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56.06 provides that:




                                                 -6-
               [w]hen a motion for summary judgment is made and supported as
               provided in this rule, an adverse party may not rest upon the mere
               allegations or denials of the adverse party's pleading, but his or her
               response, by affidavits or as otherwise provided in this rule, must set
               forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial. If
               the adverse party does not so respond, summary judgment, if
               appropriate, shall be entered against the adverse party.

       Based, in part, upon this shifting burden, our Supreme Court has held that medical
malpractice cases are particularly suited to summary judgment because expert testimony is, as
a general rule, required in all such cases:

               In those malpractice actions wherein expert testimony is required to
               establish negligence and proximate cause, affidavits by medical
               doctors which clearly and completely refute plaintiff’s contention
               afford a proper basis for dismissal of an action on summary judgment
               in the absence of proper responsive proof by affidavit or otherwise.

Bowman v. Henard, 547 S.W.2d 527, 531 (Tenn. 1977).

       In light of Dr. Portera’s affidavit, and the governing law as set out above, in order to
overcome the motion for summary judgment, it was incumbent upon Ms. Eaton to come forth with
competent medical expert proof showing that there was, indeed, a dispute of material fact. In her
memorandum in opposition to the motion for summary judgment, Ms. Eaton fails to respond to Dr.
Portera’s motion on the issue of Ms. Eaton’s lack of expert proof. This is fatal to her cause.

        In her brief, Ms. Eaton asserts that the trial court should have “allowed [her] additional time
to produce expert testimony.” Specifically, she claims that she did not have a reasonable opportunity
to procure expert testimony because the summary judgment motion “injected so much uncertainty
into the action” that “she could not have been expected to procure expensive expert proof.” We
disagree. Based upon the statutory scheme, as set out above, Ms. Eaton should have known that, if
the complaint was rebutted, then she would have to provide expert testimony in order to preserve her
cause of action. Concerning Ms. Eaton’s allegation that the trial court did not allow sufficient time
in which to procure an expert, we note that Dr. Portera’s deposition was taken on May 14, 2007, and
the motion for summary judgment was filed on August 10, 2007. The hearing on the motion for
summary judgment took place on November 2, 2007, which was approximately seventeen months
after the filing of the lawsuit, and some five months after the filing of Dr. Portera’s deposition. In
the absence of some hardship, which was not alleged by Ms. Eaton, we find that there was sufficient
time between filings to allow Ms. Eaton to come forward with an expert to support her allegations.
Moreover, from the record before us, there is no indication that Ms. Eaton petitioned the trial court
for additional time in which to procure an expert. At the hearing, the trial court specifically noted
that Ms. Eaton “has not come forward with expert testimony to support the claim of violation of or



                                                 -7-
deviation [from the standard of care].” Rather than asking the court to suspend the proceedings to
allow Ms. Eaton to obtain an expert, her counsel responded:

               I understand. I’m going to get to the answer. It is that after taking a
               long deposition and now being faced with this motion [for summary
               judgment], if it hadn’t been disposed of, I could not go forward and
               spend money getting an affidavit from a witness doctor and then be
               told that that’s all to no avail because I’m dismissing the suit on the
               basis of lack of service. So when Your Honor rules because of
               service you’re not going to dismiss on that, then I should be given
               ninety days from the date in order to produce a witness, an affidavit.

        From our review of the record, this statement is as close as counsel for Ms. Eaton came to
asking for additional time to locate an expert; however, Ms. Eaton’s attorney did not specifically ask
for more time. Having not specifically raised this issue at the trial level, Ms. Eaton cannot be heard
to complain on appeal. Regardless of whether counsel for Ms. Eaton moved the court for additional
time, from the record, we conclude that Ms. Eaton was sufficiently noticed of her requirement to
come forward with expert testimony, and that there was ample time between the filing of Dr.
Portera’s affidavit to allow Ms. Eaton to profer the required evidence to refute Dr. Portera’s
statements.

        For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the order of the trial court granting summary judgment
in favor of Appellee Stephen G. Portera, M.D. Costs of this appeal are assessed to the Appellant,
Debra J. Eaton and her surety.


                                                       ___________________________________
                                                       J. STEVEN STAFFORD, J.




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