                                COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


Present: Judges Humphreys, Powell and Senior Judge Clements


FRANCIS B. FLANAGAN
                                                                  MEMORANDUM OPINION *
v.      Record No. 0468-10-4                                           PER CURIAM
                                                                    SEPTEMBER 28, 2010
DONNA FLANAGAN


                      FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF CULPEPER COUNTY
                                   John G. Berry, Judge

                  (John L. Bauserman, Jr.; Pikrallidas & Associates, on briefs), for
                  appellant.

                  (Donna Máire Flanagan, pro se, on brief).

                  (V. R. Shackelford, III; Shackelford, Thomas & Gregg, P.L.C., on
                  brief), Guardian ad litem for the minor child.


        Francis B. Flanagan (father) appeals a custody and visitation order, in which the trial court

awarded sole legal and physical custody of the parties’ minor child to Donna Flanagan (mother) and

supervised visitation for father. Father argues that the trial court erred by expressly declining to

make any specific factual findings to support the conclusion that inappropriate sexual contact

occurred between father and the child. Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we

conclude that this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the

trial court. See Rule 5A:27.

                                            BACKGROUND

        Father and mother were married on December 30, 2000. The parties’ child was born in

February 2004.


        *
            Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
        In 2007, the Culpeper County Department of Social Services (the Department) filed a

petition alleging abuse and neglect of the child by father. The child was approximately three and

one-half years old. Subsequently, mother filed petitions requesting a determination of custody

and visitation. In 2008, father filed petitions requesting a determination of custody and

visitation. The matters were consolidated. On December 12, 2008, the Culpeper County

Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court (the JDR court) entered an order finding that

father sexually abused the child. On the same date, the JDR court awarded mother sole legal and

physical custody of the child and ordered father to have no contact with the child. The JDR

court also entered a protective order. Father appealed the JDR decisions.

        On October 27, 2009, the trial court entered a nonsuit order in the abuse and neglect case,

and on November 4, 2009, the trial court entered an order dissolving the protective order.

        At the time of the trial, which occurred October 27-30 and November 3, 2009, the child

had not seen her father in approximately two years. The child had been seeing a counselor, was

doing well in school, and had no behavioral issues.

        After hearing the evidence, the trial court found that “some inappropriate act or series of

acts” of a “sexual nature” occurred between the child and father. The trial court awarded sole

legal and physical custody to mother and supervised visitation with father. Father appealed the

trial court’s ruling.

                                            ANALYSIS

                                      Custody and visitation

        Father argues that the trial court erred by expressly declining to make any specific factual

findings to support the conclusion that inappropriate sexual contact occurred between the child

and father.




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       “In matters of custody, visitation, and related child care issues, the court’s paramount

concern is always the best interests of the child.” Farley v. Farley, 9 Va. App. 326, 327-28, 387

S.E.2d 794, 795 (1990).

       “As long as evidence in the record supports the trial court’s ruling and the trial court has

not abused its discretion, its ruling must be affirmed on appeal.” Brown v. Brown, 30 Va. App.

532, 538, 518 S.E.2d 336, 338 (1999).

       Father argues that the trial court did not make any “specific findings” about father’s

inappropriate sexual contact with the child and whether father had any sexually deviant or

prurient interest in engaging in such acts. Father contends the trial court’s ruling was based on

speculation and conjecture, since it failed to make any specific findings, and, therefore, was

made in error.

       However, when father’s counsel asked the court, “When the Court finds by a

preponderance of the evidence that some inappropriate act or series of acts did occur between the

child and the father, does the Court mean that those are sexual acts of a sexual nature?” The trial

court responded, “The Court finds that there was sexual contact.” The trial court’s answer was

unequivocal.

       Furthermore, the evidence shows that the trial court’s ruling was not based on speculation

or conjecture because the trial court examined each of the factors in Code § 20-124.3. The focus

of the evidence and argument was on the ninth factor, which is, “Any history of family abuse as

that term is defined in § 16.1-228 or sexual abuse.” Code § 20-124.3(9). The trial court stated,

“The Court is not in a position to be able to articulate what specific inappropriate conduct in the

form of an act, or series of acts, might have occurred between [the child] and her father.” The

trial court further explained,

                 But the Court does find that it is more likely than not that this
                 inappropriate act or series of acts occurred, and the Court, again,
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               bases that determination in part on the child’s statements, in part
               on the child’s behavior, in part on the combination of the two,
               certainly taking into account the testimony of Dr. Avedisian, which
               the Court finds to be generally credible, and the testimony of
               Mrs. Rafala, and frankly, also, the testimony of Dr. Connor, which
               the Court will say without any hesitation it finds to be generally
               credible.

       The trial court then discussed the remaining factors in Code § 20-124.3, including the

child’s age and mental and physical condition, the child’s relationship with her parents, the

parents’ age and mental and physical condition, and the roles of the parents in the child’s future.

The trial court particularly noted the child’s close relationship with her mother and the child’s

place in school.

       A court “shall consider” the factors in Code § 20-124.3 to determine the “best interests of

a child” for custody or visitation. Code § 20-124.3. However, a court “‘is not required to

quantify or elaborate exactly what weight or consideration it has given to each of the statutory

factors.’” Sargent v. Sargent, 20 Va. App. 694, 702, 460 S.E.2d 596, 599 (1995) (quoting

Woolley v. Woolley, 3 Va. App. 337, 345, 349 S.E.2d 422, 426 (1986)). See also Brown, 30

Va. App. at 538, 518 S.E.2d at 338.

       Here, the trial court clearly considered all of the factors in Code § 20-124.3. It was not

required to make specific findings of acts of sexual abuse in determining custody and visitation.

The ninth factor regarding sexual abuse is one of the factors, and the trial court was not obligated

to state exactly what weight or consideration it gave to that factor. Id. Therefore, the trial court

did not err in awarding custody to mother and supervised visitation to father.

                                      Attorney’s fees and costs

       Mother seeks an award of the attorney’s fees and costs she incurred on appeal. However,

mother has incurred no attorney’s fees because she appeared before this Court pro se. Her

request is denied.


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                                 CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s ruling is summarily affirmed. Rule 5A:27.

                                                                                Affirmed.




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