                                            GREG
                                                  o
                               ATTORNEY GENERAL OF TEXAS
                                                        ABBOTT




                                                 February 7,2012



Mr. Douglas Oldmixon, Commissioner                     Opinion No. GA-0911
Texas Appraiser Licensing and
     Certification Board                               Re: Jurisdiction of the Appraiser Licensing and
Post Office Box 12188                                  Certification Board over a property tax appraiser's
Austin, Texas 78711                                    uniform and equal analysis (RQ-0992-GA)

Dear Commissioner Oldmixon:

        The Texas Constitution requires that taxation in Texas be uniform and equal. TEX. CaNST.
art. VllI, § 1. You explain that a real property owner who thinks his or her property's appraised
value is higher than that of similar properties might commission a "uniform and equal" ("U&E")
study to compare the property's appraised value with those of similar properties. l You note that the
Texas Appraiser Licensing and Certification Board (the "Board") has received several complaints
alleging that appraisers have conducted improper U&E studies. Request Letter at 2. However, you
inform us that some people think the Board lacks statutory authority to handle those complaints. [d.
Accordingly, you ask three questions about the Board's authority to regulate appraisers' U&E
studies. [d. at 3.

        Your first question is whether chapter 1103 of the Occupations Code grants the Board such
authority. [d. This question is premised on the idea that, because chapter 1103 defines the term
"appraisal" but does not define a term like "U&E studies," and because U&E studies might not be
appraisals, chapter 1103 might not grant the Board authority to regulate U&E studies. [d. at 2.
However, you suggest that, even if a U&E study is not an "appraisal" for purposes of chapter 1103,
"it may still be within the Board's jurisdiction if that jurisdiction is broader than simply regulating
the performance of appraisals." [d.

       Indeed, chapter 1103 does not provide that the chapter regulates only appraisals. See
generally TEX. OCC. CODE ANN. §§ 1103.001-.5545 (West 2004 & Supp. 2011). Instead, chapter
1103 provides that it regulates the licensing and certification of appraisers. See, e.g., id. §§
1103.001 (West 2004) (providing that chapter 1103 "may be cited as the Texas Appraiser Licensing



        ILetter from Douglas Oldmixon, Commissioner, Texas Appraiser Licensing and Certification Board, to
Honorable Greg Abbott, Attorney General of Texas at 1(Aug. 19, 2011), https://www.oag.state.tx.us/opinlindex_rq .shtml
("Request Letter").
Mr. Douglas Oldmixon - Page 2                   (GA-0911)



and Certification Act"), 1103.002 (West Supp. 2011) (explaining that the purpose of chapter 1103
is to "conform state law relating to the regulation of real estate appraisers to the requirements
adopted under" federal law), 1103.201 (West Supp. 2011) ("A person may not perform an appraisal
of real estate unless the person is licensed or certified as an appraiser under this chapter .... ").

        One of the ways chapter 1103 regulates the licensing and certification of appraisers is by
requiring them to comply with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice
("USP AP") , a set of rules defining activities and processes like "appraisal consulting" and "appraisal
review" that, you suggest, might include U&E studies. See id. §§ 1103.405(1) (West Supp. 2011)
(requiring appraisers to comply with the USPAP), 1103.405(2) (requiring appraisers to comply with
Board rules); Request Letter at 2 (noting that USPAP definitions might describe U&E studies).

        You do not ask, and we do not opine on, whether a U&E study is a kind of appraisal or
appraisal consulting or review. Request Letter at 3. See also Tex. Att'y Gen. Op. No. GA-0762
(2010) at 4 n.5 (explaining that opinions of this office are limited to the questions asked by
authorized requestors). We do note, however, that chapter 1103 might require the Board to answer
those kinds of questions in particular instances, subject to administrative and judicial review, and
that a court would likely give the Board's answer serious consideration. See TEX. Oee. CODE ANN.
§§ 1103.451-.5545 (West 2004 & Supp. 2011) (requiring the Board to review, investigate, and
resolve complaints against appraisers; establishing an administrative hearing process; and imposing
penalties for chapter 1103 violations). See also Tarrant Appraisal Dist. v. Moore, 845 S.W.2d 820,
823 (Tex. 1993) ("Construction of a statute by the administrative agency charged with its
enforcement is entitled to serious consideration, so long as the construction is reasonable and does
not contradict the plain language of the statute. "). We also advise you that chapter 1103 does not
grant the Board authority to regulate only appraisals; it grants the Board authority to regulate the
licensing and certification of appraisers, people who might perform tasks described in chapter 1103,
the USPAP, and Board rules.

         Your second question is whether our answer to the first question "[w ]ould ... be different
if (a) the appraiser included his or her appraiser number on a report or testified that he or she was
an appraiser, or (b) the property owner hired the appraiser specifically because, and in reliance on
the fact that, the person was an appraiser." Request Letter at 3. Part (a) of that question alludes
to the chapter 1103 provision prohibiting a person from misleading the public about the person's
legal ability to perform a certified or licensed "appraisal service." TEX. Oee. CODE ANN.
§ 1103.401(a)-(b) (West 2004). That provision limits who may perform an appraisal service, but
does not itself limit the kinds of services a licensed or certified appraiser may perform. Id.
Therefore, part (a) of your second question would not change our answer to the first. Nor would part
(b) of your second question change our answer to your first: We do not rule out the possibility that,
because of the extensive professional qualifications that chapter 1103 requires an appraiser to have,
someone might hire an appraiser to perform many kinds of tasks-including, but not only,
appraisals-that are related to the buying, selling, or holding of real estate. See Tex. Att'y Gen. Op.
No. GA-0872 (2011) at 1 n.2 (declining to speculate about acts not discussed in a request letter).
Mr. Douglas Oldmixon - Page 3                  (GA-0911)




        Your third question is whether the Board has "authority to define its jurisdiction by rule in
a way that would specifically include or exclude U&E" studies. Request Letter at 3. Chapter 1103
requires a person who holds a license, certification, or approval under the chapter to comply with
Board rules that "are at least as stringent" as the USPAP. TEX. OCC. CODE ANN. § 1103.405(2)
(West Supp. 2011). A Board rule purporting to reduce the number or strictness of USPAP
requirements would be less stringent than the USPAP; a rule increasing them would be more
stringent. XVI OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY 926 (2d ed. 1989) (defining the word "stringent" to
mean, "Of regulations, procedure, requirements, obligations, etc.: Rigorous, strict, thoroughgoing;
rigorously binding or coercive."). See also TEX. GOV'T CODE ANN. § 31 1.0 11 (a) (West 2005)
(requiring that statutory words be read according to their common usage). Thus, if the USPAP
regulates appraisers' U&E studies, Board rules could not free appraisers from such regulation, but
if the USPAP does not regulate their U&E studies, Board rules could subject them to such
regulation. See Pub. Uti!. Comm'n of Tex. v. GTE-Southwest,lnc., 901 S.W.2d401, 407 (Tex. 1995)
("An agency may exercise only those specific powers that the law confers upon it in clear and
express language. As a general rule, the legislature impliedly intends that an agency should have
whatever power is reasonably necessary to fulfill a function or perform a duty that the legislature has
expressly placed in the agency.").
Mr. Douglas Oldmixon - Page 4                 (GA-0911)



                                       SUMMARY

                       Chapter 1103 of the Texas Occupations Code regulates the
               licensing and certification of real estate appraisers. Chapter 1103
               subjects appraisers to the Uniform Standards of Professional
               Appraisal Practice ("US PAP") and Texas Appraiser Licensing and
               Certification Board ("Board") rules. If the USPAP or Board rules
               regulate a particular task that appraisers might perform, chapter 1103
               would require appraisers to comply with those regulations. Subject
               to administrative and judicial review, the Board may determine
               whether the USPAP or Board rules regulate particular tasks that
               appraisers might perform.

                                              Very truly yours,




DANIEL T. HODGE
First Assistant Attorney General

DAVID J. SCHENCK
Deputy Attorney General for Legal Counsel

JASON BOATRIGHT
Chair, Opinion Committee

Jason Boatright
Assistant Attorney General, Opinion Committee
