       TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN


                                        NO. 03-18-00088-CV


                                Jeffrey William Larson, Appellant

                                                  v.

                                     Colleen Larson, Appellee


          FROM THE 345TH DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY
NO. D-1-FM-15-000255, THE HONORABLE GUS J. STRAUSS JR., JUDGE PRESIDING


                              MEMORANDUM OPINION


                 Jeffrey William Larson, pro se, appeals the trial court’s February 17, 2016,

divorce decree dissolving his marriage to Colleen Larson and awarding her a disproportionate

division of marital property due to its finding of family violence by Jeffrey.1 Jeffrey answered

Colleen’s petition for divorce but did not appear at the final hearing at which the trial court

rendered the decree. For the following reasons, we will affirm the divorce decree.


                                          BACKGROUND

                 On January 15, 2015, Colleen filed for divorce and a protective order against

Jeffrey, alleging that he had committed family violence against her.           The court signed a

temporary ex parte protective order and set a hearing for January 29 on Colleen’s application for

a protective order.     After the hearing, the court rendered an order extending the ex parte

       1
           Because the parties share a surname, we will refer to them by their first names.
protective order, finding that “good cause exists for extension . . . in that Jeffrey Larson’s recent

incarceration has not provided the opportunity for proper arrangement of transportation to the

court from the facility where he is presently located.” On February 6, the court held another

hearing, at which Jeffrey and Colleen both appeared. After the hearing, the trial court rendered

an agreed temporary order and an agreed protective order.

               On December 28, 2015, Colleen filed an amended petition for divorce, alleging

that the original protective order was still in place as well as a second emergency protective order

issued by the City of Austin Municipal Court on November 17, 2015. She also asserted causes

of action for assault and damages for personal injury, alleging that Jeffrey “intentionally or

knowingly or recklessly caused bodily injury to [her] by throwing [her] down the stairs and out

the front door.” When she filed her amended petition, Colleen also provided Jeffrey with notice

of a “final hearing on the Merits for the Divorce” set for February 17, 2016. The hearing notice

contained a certificate of service indicating that Jeffrey was provided a copy by email and by

certified mail, return-receipt requested to his two last-known addresses (his formerly shared

home with Colleen and the county jail). On January 13, 2016, Jeffrey filed with the trial court a

four-page, handwritten answer2 to Colleen’s petition.         In his answer, Jeffrey asserted his

innocence to the assault and family-violence charges against him and alleged that Colleen was

the aggressor and perpetrator of the violence and had falsely accused him.

               The trial court conducted the final hearing February 17, 2016. Jeffrey did not

appear. The trial court stated that it had “reviewed [Jeffrey’s] lengthy answer, handwritten, that

he filed and he does not address any type of complications with complaining about division of


       2
         Jeffrey’s filing did not have any caption, but the trial court treated it as an answer, as
indicated in the transcript of the final hearing and the final divorce decree.
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property.” Colleen’s counsel represented to the trial court that Jeffrey was incarcerated in the

Travis County Jail and confirmed that she had provided him with notice of the hearing. After

brief testimony from Colleen, the trial court rendered judgment granting the divorce.           The

divorce decree stated, “Respondent, Jeffrey Larson, has made a general appearance & filed an

answer and was duly notified of trial but failed to appear and defaulted.” The decree awarded

Colleen the marital home and vehicle, assigned her a community credit-card debt and the

mortgage, and awarded her attorney’s fees of approximately $3,000.

               On February 23, 2016, Jeffrey filed with the trial court a letter entitled

“Permission to Contest Divorce.” He asserted therein, “I did everything I could to beg for a ride

to the trial and let them know that I was in jail and I couldn’t get an attorney to represent me

from jail. . . . I would like to contest this divorce.” His letter continued, “I don’t know how to

change the decision that was made about my future without me even being present. The courts

gave away everything I own. All of the things that I worked my whole life for (house, cars,

dogs, 401k). They convicted me of spousal abuse and punished me before my trial.” He sent an

additional letter to the trial court on March 1, 2016, again contending that “the Travis County Jail

wouldn’t give me a ride to court” and “trying to contest this divorce because I’m innocent.”


                                          DISCUSSION

               Jeffrey’s brief does not identify any specific issues presented for our review,

make any legal arguments, or contain any citations to the record or authorities. Cf. Tex. R. App.

P. 38.1 (listing required contents of appellant’s brief). As best we can construe his brief, he

appears to be complaining that the staff of the county jail did “not allow” him to attend the trial

to “defend [him]self and the property that [he] worked for many many years to acquire.” He


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contends, “[t]he Law Library at the Travis County Jail[,] the officers at the jail, and my court

appointed attorney all stated the same thing. ‘If your name is on the docket, we will take you to

the court house so you can defend yourself.’ They wouldn’t allow me to attend the hearing to

defend myself.” He concludes, “I’m asking the court to recognize that I wasn’t able to defend

myself and grant me another opportunity to defend myself.” Jeffrey does not allege that he

failed to receive notice of the final hearing.

               While Jeffrey contends that he made requests of the jail staff to appear physically

at the final hearing, his brief fails to indicate anywhere in the record that he made a timely

application to the trial court for a bench warrant or to appear by alternative means, moved for

a continuance, or filed any similar request. We recognize the importance of considering the

requests of incarcerated individuals to attend hearings in person or appear by alternative

means; however, in this case, there was no request for the trial court to consider. See In re

J.A.O., No. 09-15-00219-CV, 2016 WL 637742, at *2 (Tex. App.—Beaumont Feb. 18, 2016,

no pet.) (mem. op.) (holding that appellant waived complaint about his lack of appearance at

SAPCR modification hearing where record showed no request for bench warrant or for alternate

means to participate in hearing); Dunbar v. Khaoua, No. 03-14-00345-CV, 2015 WL 4999089,

at *2 (Tex. App.—Austin Aug. 21, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.) (holding that appellant waived

issues concerning trial court’s failure to ensure his appearance at trial where record revealed he

made no timely application for bench warrant or similar request); One (1) 2000 Chevrolet Pickup

Truck, Vin 2GCEC19T5Y1311424 v. State, No. 04-02-00003-CV, 2003 WL 21010603, at *1

(Tex. App.—San Antonio May 7, 2003, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (same); see also In re Z.L.T.,

124 S.W.3d 163, 165 (Tex. 2003) (holding that although litigants cannot be denied access to

courts simply because they are inmates, they do not have absolute right to appear in person at

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every court proceeding); cf. Boulden v. Boulden, 133 S.W.3d 884, 887 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004,

no pet.) (noting that if trial court denies inmate’s request to appear personally at trial, inmate

should be allowed to proceed by affidavit, deposition, telephone, or other effective means).

               Jeffrey’s brief, therefore, presents nothing for our review with respect to his

complaint that he was “not allowed” to appear at the divorce hearing.            See Tex. R. App.

P. 33.1(a) (“As a prerequisite to presenting a complaint for appellate review, the record must

show that . . . the complaint was made to the trial court by a timely request, objection, or motion

that . . . stated the grounds for the ruling that the complaining party sought from the trial court

with sufficient specificity to make the trial court aware of the complaint . . . .”); Veigel v. Texas

Boll Weevil Eradication Found., Inc., 549 S.W.3d 193, 195 n.1 (Tex. App.—Austin 2018, no

pet.) (“We hold pro se litigants to the same procedural standards as we do litigants represented

by counsel to avoid giving pro se litigants an unfair advantage.”).

               We overrule Jeffrey’s complaint on appeal and affirm the trial court’s final

divorce decree.



                                              __________________________________________
                                              Thomas J. Baker, Justice

Before Justices Goodwin, Baker, and Triana

Affirmed

Filed: May 21, 2019




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