                              STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

                            SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS


 Michael J. Kanode Sr.,
 Plaintiff Below, Petitioner                                                         FILED
                                                                                    October 4, 2013
                                                                                RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
 vs) No. 12-1347 (Mercer County 12-C-300)                                     SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                  OF WEST VIRGINIA

 Captain Mike Gills and Mercer County Sheriff’s
 Department, Defendants Below, R e s p o n d e n t s


                               MEMORANDUM DECISION

        Petitioner Michael J. Kanode Sr., appearing pro se, appeals the order of the Circuit Court
of Mercer County, entered October 16, 2012, that dismissed his civil action that was based on 42
U.S.C § 1983. Respondents Captain Mike Gills, Sheriff Don Meadows, and Mercer County
Sheriff’s Department, by counsel Chip E. Williams and Daniel J. Burns, filed a response.1

       The Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision is appropriate under Rule 21 of the Rules of Appellate
Procedure.

        In 2008, petitioner was convicted of malicious assault, burglary, attempted murder in the
first degree, violation of a protective order, wanton endangerment, and assault during the
commission of a felony following an attack on his then wife. Petitioner was sentenced, originally,
to serve fourteen to fifty-six years in prison. Petitioner’s direct appeal was refused on April 8,
2009.

        Petitioner subsequently filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus. On December 15, 2011,
the circuit court granted petitioner partial relief. The circuit court vacated petitioner’s convictions
for wanton endangerment, burglary, and assault during the commission of a felony; but affirmed
his convictions on the counts of violation of a protective order, malicious assault, and attempted
first degree murder. This Court subsequently affirmed the circuit court’s order in Kanode v.
Plumley, No. 12–0451, 2013 WL 2462164 (W.Va. Supreme Court, June 7, 2013) (memorandum
decision).
        On May 18, 2012, petitioner filed the instant action under 42 U.S.C § 1983 against

       1
         Respondents also filed a motion to dismiss the appeal. Because this Court can dispose of
the appeal on its merits, see infra, we dismiss the motion as moot.
                                                  1
respondents. First, petitioner alleged that Respondent Gills: (1) failed to properly investigate the
events that led to petitioner’s convictions; (2) discriminated against petitioner during the
investigation that led to petitioner’s convictions; (3) made slanderous remarks about petitioner’s
mental health status; (4) defamed petitioner’s character in a 2012 presentence report; (5) harassed
petitioner and his family; (6) embarrassed petitioner and his family; (7) humiliated petitioner and
his family, and (8) committed “many other tortious acts.” Petitioner next alleged that Respondent
Meadows: (1) discriminated against petitioner because of petitioner’s name and reputation; (2)
denied petitioner fair treatment and “normal privileges” because of petitioner’s name and
reputation in the community; and (3) allowed the Respondent Sheriff’s Department to discriminate
against petitioner, slander petitioner’s name, and harm petitioner’s reputation.2

        Respondents filed a motion to dismiss. At a September 28, 2012 hearing on the motion,
petitioner appeared pro se. On October 16, 2012, the circuit court dismissed the action and
concluded as follows:

                        15. This Court FINDS that all claims against [respondents],
                with the exception of the claims relation to the 2012 [presentence
                report], are to be dismissed as they [were] filed outside the
                applicable statutes of limitations. With regard to the 2012
                [presentence report], this Court FINDS that the statements are
                protected speech as they were made [to the probation officer
                preparing the report] while [Respondent] Gills was acting in his
                official capacity as a police officer and were not publicly
                disseminated.[ 3 ] This Court FINDS that the facts alleged by
                [petitioner] with regard to the statements of [Respondent Gills] in
                the [presentence reports] are insufficient to maintain a cause of
                action under a theory of a continual tort.

                        16. This Court further FINDS that, even if the statutes of
                limitations had not lapsed, the claims against [respondents] would
                be barred by political subdivision immunity under West Virginia §
                29-12A-4 as well as the qualified immunity afforded to government
                officials.

                        17. Finally, this Court FINDS that [petitioner] has failed to
                assert the requisite allegations to maintain a cause of action under
                the Equal Protection Clause for unequal treatment.[4]

       2
         Petitioner sought unspecified compensatory and punitive damages for economic loss,
harm to reputation, harm to business reputation, humiliation, embarrassment, etc.
       3
          See Crump v. Beckley Newspapers, Inc., 173 W.Va. 699, 707-08, 320 S.E.2d 70, 78-79
(1983) (listing types of situations in which qualified privilege has been recognized).
       4
           The circuit court found that petitioner’s allegations of discrimination against respondents
                                                   2
        Petitioner now appeals the circuit court’s October 16, 2012 order. “Appellate review of a
circuit court’s order granting a motion to dismiss a complaint is de novo.” Syl. Pt. 2, State ex rel.
McGraw v. Scott Runyan Pontiac-Buick, Inc., 194 W.Va. 770, 461 S.E.2d 516 (1995).

        On appeal,5 petitioner argues that his complaint stated a claim upon which relief could be
granted.6 Respondents agree with the circuit court’s findings that petitioner’s various allegations
are barred by the applicable statutes of limitations and qualified immunity. Respondents further
assert that petitioner’s allegations failed to state a claim for unequal treatment under the Equal
Protection Clause. Accordingly, respondents argue for the affirmation of the circuit court’s
October 16, 2012, order dismissing petitioner’s action.

        “[L]iberalization in the rules of pleading in civil cases does not justify a . . . baseless
pleading.” Par Mar v. City of Parkersburg, 183 W.Va. 706, 711, 398 S.E.2d 532, 537 (1990)
(dismissals of complaints containing only conclusory allegations without the support of material
factual allegations will be upheld) (Internal quotations and citations omitted.). After a review of
the complaint, this Court finds that the circuit court correctly determined that petitioner’s
allegations of unequal treatment were conclusory in nature and, therefore, insufficient to state a
claim under the Equal Protection Clause. Petitioner’s other claims were barred by the applicable
statutes of limitations, by political subdivision and qualified immunities, and/or based on

statements privileged as protected speech. Therefore, we conclude that the circuit court did not err
in dismissing the action.7

were only conclusory in nature.
       5
          On May 15, 2013, this Court granted petitioner’s motion to proceed on a designated
record. The record was subsequently received on June 14, 2013. Pursuant to the May 15, 2013
order, petitioner was required to file an amended brief on or before July 31, 2013, with appropriate
citations to the designated record. However, petitioner failed to file an amended brief.
Accordingly, we have considered the parties’ initial briefs in deciding this appeal.
       6
          Petitioner also argues that the circuit court should have appointed him either an attorney
or a guardian ad litem; however, this argument is totally devoid of merit. First, petitioner was the
party bringing the action and, as such, he was not entitled to the appointment of a guardian ad
litem. See State ex rel. Lawson v. Wilkes, 202 W.Va. 34, 38, 501 S.E.2d 470, 474 (1998). Second,
the circuit court had the Division of Corrections transport petitioner to the Mercer County
Courthouse for the September 28, 2012, hearing on respondents’ motion to dismiss. See Syl. Pt. 2,
in part, Quesinberry v. Quesinberry, 191 W.Va. 65, 443 S.E.2d 222 (1994) ( “[T]he appointment
of a guardian ad litem for an incarcerated convict in a civil action is not mandatory if the court can
reasonably order another appropriate remedy while the convict remains under the legal disability
of incarceration.”).
       7
         We further note that the doctrine of res judicata would now bar many of petitioner’s
claims against Respondent Gills and the Respondent Sheriff’s Department. See Kanode v. Gills,
                                                  3
       For the foregoing reasons, we affirm.

                                                                                           Affirmed.

ISSUED: October 4, 2013

CONCURRED IN BY:
Chief Justice Brent D. Benjamin
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Allen H. Loughry II




No. 11–1782, 2013 WL 2301207 (W.Va. Supreme Court, May 24, 2013) (memorandum decision)
(affirming dismissal of a prior action filed by petitioner under 42 U.S.C § 1983 alleging, inter alia,
that law enforcement officers did not properly investigate various aspects of petitioner’s criminal
case); Kanode v. Swope, No. 12-0580, 2013 WL 1859162 (W.Va. Supreme Court, May 3, 2013)
(memorandum decision) (affirming dismissal of a prior action filed by petitioner under 42 U.S.C §
1983 alleging, inter alia, that the Sheriff’s Department engaged in unlawful arrests, searches, and
seizures; used excessive force; and participated in a conspiracy against petitioner); See Syl. Pt., 1,
Antolini v. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, 220 W.Va. 255, 647 S.E.2d 535 (2007)
(setting forth the principle of res judicata).

                                                  4
