                                 Cite as 2013 Ark. App. 622

                ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                       DIVISION II
                                      No.CV-13-520

MORRELL WILLIAMS                                 Opinion Delivered   October 30, 2013

                              APPELLANT          APPEAL FROM THE PULASKI
                                                 COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
V.                                               EIGHTH DIVISION
                                                 [NO. 60JV-11-1573]

ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF                           HONORABLE WILEY A. BRANTON,
HUMAN SERVICES, AND MINOR                        JR., JUDGE
CHILDREN

                               APPELLEES         REVERSED AND REMANDED



                          PHILLIP T. WHITEAKER, Judge


       Morrell Williams appeals from a Pulaski County Circuit Court order terminating his

parental rights to four children, M.W.1, K.W., M.W.2, and T.W. His sole challenge to the

termination is that there was insufficient evidence of any ground to support the termination.

We agree and reverse.

       In August 2011, the Arkansas Department of Human Services (DHS) exercised an

emergency hold on the children after the children’s mother, Tamela Thomas, dropped the

children off at her mother’s home and left. No prior arrangements had been made for the

maternal grandmother to keep the children. Ms. Thomas’s mother was in very poor health

and could not properly care for the children. After not hearing from Ms. Thomas for over

a week, her mother contacted the Little Rock Police Department to take the children so she
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could go to the hospital. When DHS arrived, the children were dirty and hungry. The

children were adjudicated dependent-neglected in October 2011, upon a finding of

abandonment by Ms. Thomas, as well as educational and environmental neglect of the

children. Mr. Williams was in jail when the children were taken into custody and at the time

of the adjudication hearing.

       In October 2012, DHS filed a petition to terminate Thomas’s and Williams’s parental

rights. The petition listed only one statutory ground for termination—that the children had

been adjudicated by the court to be dependent neglected, had continued to be out of the

custody of the parent for twelve months, and, despite a meaningful effort by the department

to rehabilitate the parent and correct the conditions that caused removal, those conditions

had not been remedied by the parent. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(i) (Supp. 2011).

       After the termination hearing, the trial court held that the ground for termination pled

in the petition had been proved as to Williams.1 In so finding, the court took judicial notice

of an adjudication order entered in a previous dependency-neglect case involving the family.

The termination order stated:

       The Court is satisfied from the evidence that Mr. Williams has been an abusive person
       and the court is not satisfied that he has received adequate counseling and therapy due
       to the choices he made and not due to any fault of DHS. Mr. Williams was in jail
       when the case started and was released in December 2011. Subsequently, Mr.
       Williams moved to Chicago thus making himself unavailable to receive services which
       could be provided by the department. Mr. Williams flat out refused to submit to
       psychological evaluation for a period of time which further delayed his receiving
       necessary and appropriate services. If Mr. Williams had followed court orders or
       followed recommendations from his psychological evaluation, he would have been


       1
           Ms. Thomas’s parental rights were not terminated by the court at this hearing.

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       in counseling. The Court is not impressed with on-line counseling. Paper certificates
       alone don’t mean much except to presumably show that Mr. Williams went on line
       and got the certificates. Even when Mr. Williams came to court and was ordered to
       submit to psychological evaluation, he refused to do so, and the resulting delay is
       clearly his fault. Mr. Williams has failed to remedy the conditions that caused removal of his
       children. While Mr. Williams was not the custodial parent at the time of removal due to his
       being in jail, he is not a fit and appropriate parent and the children would be at significant risk
       of harm if placed with Mr. Williams.

(Emphasis added.)

       We review termination-of-parental-rights cases de novo. Hune v. Ark. Dep’t of Human

Servs., 2010 Ark. App. 543. Grounds for termination of parental rights must be proved by

clear and convincing evidence, which is that degree of proof that will produce in the finder

of fact a firm conviction of the allegation sought to be established. Hughes v. Ark. Dep’t of

Human Servs., 2010 Ark. App. 526. The appellate inquiry is whether the trial court’s finding

that the disputed fact was proved by clear and convincing evidence is clearly erroneous. J.T.

v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 329 Ark. 243, 248, 947 S.W.2d 761, 763 (1997). A finding

is clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing court on

the entire evidence is left with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made.

Id. In resolving the clearly erroneous question, we give due regard to the opportunity of the

trial court to judge the credibility of witnesses. Camarillo-Cox v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs.,

360 Ark. 340, 352, 201 S.W.3d 391, 399 (2005). Termination of parental rights is an

extreme remedy and in derogation of a parent’s natural rights; however, parental rights will

not be enforced to the detriment or destruction of the health and well-being of the child.

Meriweather v. Ark. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 98 Ark. App. 328, 331, 255 S.W.3d 505,

507 (2007).

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       Williams argues that there was insufficient evidence to support the only ground for

termination found by the court. He is correct. The trial court held that termination was

appropriate because Williams had not remedied the conditions that caused the removal of the

children. However, Williams’s conduct did not cause the removal—Thomas’s abandonment

of the children did. Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(i)(a) provides as a

ground for termination:

       [t]hat a juvenile has been adjudicated by the court to be dependent-neglected and has
       continued to be out of the custody of the parent for twelve (12) months and, despite
       a meaningful effort by the department to rehabilitate the parent and correct the
       conditions that caused removal, those conditions have not been remedied by the
       parent.

This particular ground requires that (1) the child be adjudicated dependent-neglected, (2) the

child be out of the custody of the parent for twelve months, and (3) the parent failed to

remedy the conditions that caused the child’s removal. See K.C. v. Ark. Dep’t of Human

Servs., 2010 Ark. App. 353, 374 S.W.3d 884. Because Williams’s actions did not cause the

removal of the children, this provision is not applicable to him and cannot provide a ground

for termination. See Jackson v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2013 Ark. App. 411, ___ S.W.3d

___.

       DHS argues that this provision is applicable. It asserts that, while Williams had not

caused the removal in this particular action, he had been the cause of removal in a previous

dependency-neglect case involving all but one of the children, and the period of time the

children were removed in that previous action should be charged against him in this case.

When stripped down to its bare essence, DHS’s argument basically asks this court to treat this


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case as a continuation of the previous dependency-neglect case involving Williams.

However, that matter was successfully resolved and ended with reunification of the children

with their parents. Once that case was closed, the children were no longer deemed to be

dependent-neglected. See Young v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2012 Ark. 334. This case is

not a continuation of the prior dependency proceeding, and we decline to interpret this

provision of the statute as broadly as DHS asserts.

         In Jones v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2011 Ark. App. 632, we stated that

“the courts may not alter or disregard the language of a legislatively enacted ground for

termination,” and “[i]f the ground, as worded, does not fit the facts of the case, it should not

be used.”        The cause for removal and the time-period elements of section

9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(i)(a) would apply only to the facts in this particular action, not the facts

as they relate to previously concluded proceedings. While we recognize that the trial court

is free to consider the parent’s actions in previous dependency proceedings in determining

the appropriateness of termination, those earlier proceedings cannot be used as the sole

ground for termination under this section, when the previous proceedings ended in

reunification. To hold otherwise would be to alter or disregard the language of a legislatively

enacted ground for termination.

         Reversed and remanded.

         GLADWIN, C.J., and GLOVER, J., agree.

         Deborah R. Sallings, Arkansas Public Defender Commission, for appellant.

         Tabitha B. McNulty, County Legal Operations, for appellee Ark. Dep’t of Human
Servs.

         Chrestman Group, PLLC, by: Keith L. Chrestman, attorney ad litem for minor children.



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