         IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                          AT NASHVILLE
                          Assigned on Briefs November 22, 2005

               WILLIAM E. EAKES, III v. STATE OF TENNESSEE

                     Appeal from the Criminal Court for Davidson County
                             No. 99-A-36   Seth Norman, Judge



                   No. M2005-01016-CCA-R3-PC - Filed January 23, 2006


This is an appeal as of right from the summary dismissal of a petition for post-conviction relief. The
trial court dismissed the amended post-conviction petition because the court found the petition was
not verified under oath and failed to include the factual basis upon which relief was sought. We
affirm the judgment of the trial court.

     Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed

DAVID H. WELLES, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which DAVID G. HAYES and JERRY L.
SMITH , JJ., joined.

Ryan Caldwell, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellant, William E. Eakes, III.

Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter; Benjamin A. Ball, Assistant Attorney General;
Victor S. Johnson, District Attorney General; and Dan Hamm, Assistant District Attorney General,
for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                             OPINION


                                              FACTS

        The record reflects that the Petitioner, William E. Eakes, III, was indicted by a Davidson
County grand jury in January of 1999 on one count of first degree felony murder and one count of
second degree murder. See Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 39-13-202 and 39-13-210. The Petitioner was
found guilty by jury verdict of both offenses, and the trial court merged the second degree murder
conviction into the first degree felony murder conviction and sentenced the Petitioner to life
imprisonment. See State v. William E. Eakes, III, No. M2001-01420-CCA-R3-CD, 2003 WL
21523244, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App., Nashville, July 1, 2003). The Petitioner’s judgment was
affirmed on direct appeal by this Court in July of 2003, and the Tennessee Supreme Court denied
his application for permission to appeal in December of 2003. See Id.
         The Petitioner timely filed his original petition for post-conviction relief in December of
2004. In his original petition, filed with some assistance from an attorney,1 the Petitioner alleged that
he was “denied the effective assistance of counsel at trial,” but failed to provide any factual basis for
this claim. In January of 2005, the post-conviction court issued an order granting the Petitioner thirty
days in which to amend his petition for post-conviction relief and resubmit it to the court. In this
order the court found that the Petitioner’s original petition for post-conviction relief failed to “specify
allegations upon which such claim [of ineffective assistance of counsel] is based,” and was not
verified under oath.

        The Petitioner submitted an amended petition for post-conviction relief within the allotted
time. The amended petition was filed as a “Pro Se” petition. On appeal the Petitioner concedes that
he received the assistance of an attorney. In March of 2005, the trial court issued an order dismissing
the Petitioner’s amended petition for post-conviction relief, stating:

                  The petitioner in this cause has timely filed a Petition for Post-Conviction
         Relief with the Davidson County Criminal Court Clerk on December 20, 2004.
         However, with regard to his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, he did not
         specify allegations upon which such claim is based. The petitioner was then allowed
         30 days to submit a verified petition stating specific grounds upon which he may base
         a claim for ineffective assistance of counsel. On February 23, 2005, he submitted yet
         another unverified, general petition. . . .
                  The petitioner’s second filing of the Petition merely restates the allegations
         of the initial Petition and does not include any specific factual basis to bolster his
         argument.
                  Moreover, petitions for post-conviction relief must be verified under oath.
         . . . Petitioner’s second filing does not meet the standard [of being verified under
         oath].
                  Based on the foregoing analysis, it does not appear as though the petitioner
         has followed the statutory prescribed elements requisite to the proper filing of a
         petition for post-conviction relief. As a result, the petitioner’s Petition for Post-
         Conviction Relief is accordingly respectfully dismissed.

This appeal followed.

                                              ANALYSIS
       The Petitioner now argues that the post-conviction court erred in summarily dismissing his
post-conviction petition without the appointment of counsel and without an evidentiary hearing. To
support this claim, the Petitioner first argues that his amended petition did include both the grounds

         1
           The petition initially states that the petitioner is proceeding “by and through his [named] attorney.” Elsewhere
in the petition, the petitioner states he is not “currently represented by counsel.” Later, the petition requests that an
attorney be appointed to represent the petitioner. Thereafter the petition alleges that a named attorney, different from
the attorney initially named, has assisted him in the preparation of the petition. The petition does not contain the name
or signature of an attorney purporting to represent the petitioner.

                                                           -2-
upon which he sought relief as well as a sufficient factual basis for those grounds. Second, the
Petitioner argues that the post-conviction court “should have” determined that he was indigent and
appointed him counsel to assist in the drafting of his post-conviction petition. Finally, the Petitioner
argues that, because he submitted his petitions pro se, this Court should overlook the fact that neither
his original nor amended petition was properly verified under oath. We find all three of the
Petitioner’s arguments unpersuasive.

        Tennessee’s Post-Conviction Procedure Act, codified in Tennessee Code Annotated section
40-30-101 et seq., outlines the statutory elements required for properly filing for post-conviction
relief. These statutes mandate that a petition for such relief

        must contain a clear and specific statement of all grounds upon which relief is
        sought, including full disclosure of the factual basis of those grounds. A bare
        allegation that a constitutional right has been violated and mere conclusions of law
        shall not be sufficient to warrant any further proceedings. Failure to state a factual
        basis for the grounds alleged shall result in immediate dismissal of the petition. If,
        however, the petition was filed pro se, the judge may enter an order stating that the
        petitioner must file an amended petition that complies with this section within fifteen
        (15) days or the petition will be dismissed.

Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-106(d). Additionally, “[t]he petitioner shall include allegations of fact
supporting each claim for relief set forth in the petition,” and “[t]he petition and any amended
petition shall be verified under oath.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-104(e).

         In this case, the Petitioner first argues that his amended petition does contain “specific factual
allegations,” citing to the three conclusory statements he added to his claim of ineffective assistance
of counsel in his amended petition. The Petitioner argues that these three one-line statements, in
which he alleges his trial counsel 1) “failed to adequately investigate prior to trial,” 2) “did not
prepare a clear theory of defense,” and 3) “left petitioner with no defense to the charges,” are “facts”
that satisfy the statutory requirements for a valid post-conviction petition. We disagree.

        In this case the trial court’s first order informed the Petitioner that he was required to allege
a clear and specific statement of the grounds upon which he sought relief and provide a full
disclosure of the factual basis of those grounds in his petition for post-conviction relief. The court
then, within its discretion, granted the Petitioner thirty days to amend his petition accordingly.
Nevertheless, the Petitioner submitted an amended petition that again failed to contain any factual
basis, much less a “full disclosure of the factual basis” of the grounds upon which he sought relief.
See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-106(d). A fair reading of the record reveals that the “facts” the
Petitioner relies on are simply three one-line allegations attacking his trial counsel, and amount to
nothing more than “bare allegation[s] that a constitutional right has been violated.” Id. Thus, his
claim that his Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel was violated is a “mere
conclusion[] of law.” Id. The petition does not suggest the favorable facts that an “adequate”
investigation would have uncovered, nor does it suggest the “theory of defense” that should have


                                                   -3-
been prepared. The petition as amended does not suggest how the Petitioner may have been
prejudiced by his counsel’s actions or inactions. Because the Petitioner failed to state any factual
basis to support the allegations in his post-conviction petition, he was not entitled to an evidentiary
hearing. Rather, “immediate dismissal of the petition” was warranted. Id.

        We also note that the Rules of the Tennessee Supreme Court concerning post-conviction
procedure, as well as a significant body of case law, support the post-conviction court’s dismissal
of the Petitioner’s petition under the facts of this case. Tennessee rules require a petition for post-
conviction relief to contain “specific facts supporting each claim for relief asserted by petitioner.”
Tenn. R. S. Ct. 28, § 5(E)(4). Furthermore, the “Effect of Failure to Comply With Rule” is that “[a]
petition may be dismissed without a hearing if it . . . does not contain specific factual allegations.”
Tenn R. S. Ct. 28, § 5(F)(3).


        In Arnold v. State, 143 S.W. 3d 784 (Tenn. 2004), our supreme court considered whether a
pro-se petition for post-conviction relief presented a “colorable claim.” In Arnold, the petition
alleged that:

       Petitioner from Arrest to Trial and Re-Trial was subject to The News Media [sic]
       Constant Exploitation of said Charges and No fair trial could ever be had in Carter
       County and Counsel of Reco[r]d Did Nothing to prevent same to the harms way of
       Petition[er] in his Day in Court, and Unjust Verdicts, and Illegal Imprisonment for
       same.
                                                      ...
       Petitioner after Ineffective Assistance of Counsel was found Guilty after a mini-trial
       of a day or two a mockery of Justice itself as it should have taken weeks to pick a
       Jury in a Town already since His Arrest. . . .

Arnold, 143 S.W. 3d at 786.


       In concluding that this petition did state a colorable claim, our supreme court reasoned as
follows:

       Arnold’s petition alleges that the media coverage involving his child rape charges
       was both constant and exploitative. Despite this adverse publicity, Arnold’s trial
       attorney failed to request a change of venue and failed to adequately question
       potential jurors to determine the extent to which they were subjected and influenced
       by this constant and exploitative media coverage. Arnold links his convictions and
       his consecutive sentences to his attorney’s deficient performance and suggests that
       a fair trial was impossible under the circumstances. Specifically, he alleges that the
       jury selection process and the length of the trial demonstrate a “mockery of Justice



                                                 -4-
         itself.” Under these circumstances, we hold that the petition states a colorable claim
         and that the post-conviction court erred in dismissing the petition.

Arnold, 143 S.W. 3d at 787.


        Unlike the petition in Arnold, the petition herein does not include a factual basis supporting
the grounds for relief. The petition contains no factual assertions in any way directed toward or
related to the facts and circumstances presented at the trial of the Petitioner. Even though the
Petitioner was given the opportunity to amend the petition, he nonetheless failed to include a “full
disclosure of the factual basis” of the grounds upon which he sought relief. See Tenn. Code Ann.
§ 40-30-106(d). His assertions are simply conclusory allegations of inadequate representation.

        This Court has previously upheld summary dismissals of petitions for post-conviction relief
where a petition “did not contain clear and specific statements of grounds, including full disclosure
of the factual basis of the grounds,” but rather “contained bare allegations of violations of
constitutional rights with mere conclusions of law.” Powell v. State, 8 S.W.3d 631, 633 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 1998). See also Pewitt v. State, 1 S.W.3d 674, 676 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1999) (upholding
summary dismissal of a post-conviction petition after finding that “[t]he petitioner’s amended
petition adds nothing in the way of relevant allegations except for his claim of ineffective assistance
of counsel. However, the allegations of fact as to that claim, taken as true, do not show that the
defendant’s Sixth Amendment right to the effective assistance of counsel was violated.”); Harris v.
State, 996 S.W.2d 840, 842 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1999) (upholding summary dismissal of a petition
for post-conviction relief after determining that “[a]lthough the petition alleges the ineffective
assistance of counsel, it does not contain a full disclosure of the factual basis of the grounds asserted.
The petition instead contains bare allegations of violations of constitutional rights and mere
conclusions of law.”). Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court did not err in summarily
dismissing the Petitioner’s petition for post-conviction relief based on its finding that the petition
failed to contain a full disclosure of the factual basis upon which the grounds for relief were based.


        The Petitioner also argues that the trial court erred because it “should have determined
[Petitioner’s] indigency status and appoint[ed] counsel.” We are unable to directly address this issue
because the record on appeal fails to contain a petition for a declaration of indigency or any evidence
supporting such a claim.2 Nevertheless, the Petitioner’s argument fails because it is well established
that “‘a clear but patently non-meritorious petition [for post-conviction relief] may be dismissed
summarily,’ without the appointment of counsel or an evidentiary hearing.” Rickman v. State, 972
S.W.2d 687, 692 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1997) (citing Martucci v. State, 872 S.W.2d 947, 949 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 1993)). See also Pewitt, 1 S.W.3d at 675-76 (holding that “[t]he trial court was not
required to appoint counsel for the purpose of providing the factual basis for the petitioner’s claims”


         2
          W e note that the Petitioner was declared indigent by the post-conviction court in June of 2005 and appointed
counsel to represent him in this appeal.

                                                         -5-
after granting the pro se petitioner additional time to submit an amended petition). Thus, the trial
court in this case did not err in electing not to appoint counsel to assist the Petitioner with his
amended post-conviction petition.

        In his final argument, the Petitioner, while not denying that his amended petition was not
verified under oath as required by statute, nevertheless asserts that because he submitted his petition
pro se he should be “held to less stringent standards” than those required of attorneys. Therefore,
the Petitioner argues, the trial court erred in summarily dismissing his petition because it was not
verified under oath.3 We disagree.

        As stated above, a post-conviction petition and any amended petitions must be verified under
oath. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-104(e). We have previously held that “[i]t is imperative that factual
allegations be made and that the petition be verified as true under oath.” Hutcherson v. State, 75
S.W.3d 929, 931 (Tenn. Crim. App. 2001). The purpose of the verification under oath requirement
is to “deter or to reduce intentionally false allegations primarily made by petitioners by exposing
them to aggravated perjury charges,” ultimately resulting in more efficient use of the judicial system.
Sexton v. State, 151 S.W.3d 525, 530 (Tenn Crim. App. 2004). Accordingly, we have held that
“[w]hether prepared by a petitioner or by counsel, the petition and its amendments must be verified
under oath.” Id.

        In this case, the Petitioner did not verify under oath his original petition or his amended
petition for post-conviction relief.4 The Petitioner argues that he should be judged by “less stringent
standards” because he submitted his petitions pro se, citing Allen v. State, 854 S.W.2d 873, 875
(Tenn. 1993) and Tenn. R. S. Ct. 28, § 6(B)(4)(b).5 The Petitioner, while professing to be pro se,
has nonetheless admitted in his appellate brief that he received the “assistance of [an] attorney” in
preparing both his original and his amended post-conviction petitions.6 Furthermore, this Court has


         3
           W e note that it appears that neither the petition nor the amended petition was actually signed by the Petitioner;
rather, the petition is signed by someone else “for the petitioner.”

         4
           W e note that in his amended petition, the Petitioner made a statement resembling a verification, but did not
personally sign the verification (or the petition itself). Furthermore, the amended petition was not verified “under oath.”
This Court has previously held that the verification under oath requirement for a post-conviction petition generally
requires the document to be “notarized by a notary public or acknowledged in the presence of an official.” Charles
Montague v. State, No. E2000-01330-CCA-R3-PC, 2001 W L 1011464, at * 1 (Tenn. Crim. App., Knoxville, Sept. 4,
2001). Accordingly, the Petitioner’s “verification” was not under oath and therefore failed the statutory requirements
for a valid post-conviction petition. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-104(e).

         5
           “No pro se petition shall be dismissed for failure to follow the prescribed form until the court has given the
petitioner a reasonable opportunity to amend the petition with the assistance of counsel.” Tenn. R. S. Ct. 28, § (B)(4)(b).


         6
           W e note that the Tennessee Rules of the Supreme Court define a pro se petition in the context of a post-
conviction proceeding as follows: “A pro se petition is one filed by a petitioner without the benefit of counsel.” Tenn.
R. S. Ct. 28, § 2(A). In this case, the Petitioner admitted he received the “assistance” of an attorney. However, because
                                                                                                            (continued...)

                                                            -6-
previously questioned the continued applicability of Allen, noting that it interpreted a former version
of the Post-Conviction Procedure Act, which has subsequently been amended to become more
stringent in its requirements. See Blair v. State, 969 S.W.2d 423, 424 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1997).
Regardless, as stated above, recent case law mandates that whether “prepared by a petitioner” i.e.,
pro se, or “by counsel,” a post-conviction petition and its amendments “must be verified under oath.”
Sexton, 151 S.W.3d at 530.

        Additionally, as the State asserts in its appellate brief, the trial court in this case did not
immediately dismiss the faulty post-conviction petition, but rather gave the Petitioner “reasonable
opportunity” to amend his petition. Tenn. R. S. Ct. 28, § 6(B)(4)(b); see also Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-
30-106(d). Furthermore, the Petitioner utilized this opportunity to submit an amended petition,
which he again completed with the “assistance” of an attorney. Accordingly, we hold that the trial
court did not err by dismissing the petition based upon the Petitioner’s failure to verify his petition
under oath.

         In summary, the post-conviction court ordered the Petitioner’s amended petition for post-
conviction relief to be dismissed because it did not contain a full disclosure of the factual basis upon
which the grounds for relief were based, instead relying on bare allegations of a violation of his Sixth
Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel with no more than mere conclusions of law to
support such allegations. The post-conviction court further found that the Petitioner failed to verify
his amended petition under oath. Concluding that the Petitioner failed to meet the statutorily
required elements for a proper post-conviction petition, the post-conviction court held that the
amended petition did not warrant further proceedings. We conclude that the trial court acted within
its discretionary authority in dismissing the Petitioner’s petition for post-conviction relief.

                                         CONCLUSION
         Based on the foregoing reasoning and authorities, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.


                                                                 ___________________________________
                                                                 DAVID H. WELLES, JUDGE




         6
           (...continued)
the Petitioner did not have formal counsel of record, we will, in our consideration of the claims in this appeal, consider
his amended post-conviction petition as submitted pro se.

                                                           -7-
