                                                                            FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                             JUL 18 2018
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS


                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT


HAROUNA FALL,                                    No. 16-35468

              Plaintiff-Appellant,               D.C. No. 2:15-cv-00919-JCC

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
DELTA AIR LINES, INC., a foreign
corporation; JANE DOE 1; JANE DOE 2;
JANE DOE 3; JANE DOE 4; JANE DOE
5; JOHN DOE 1; JOHN DOE 2; JOHN
DOE 3; JOHN DOE 4; JOHN DOE 5,

              Defendants-Appellees.


                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Western District of Washington
                   John C. Coughenour, District Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted July 11, 2018**
                               Seattle, Washington

Before: FERNANDEZ, CLIFTON, and NGUYEN, Circuit Judges.

      This Court reviews a district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo.


      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
A.G. v. Paradise Valley Unified Sch. Dist. No. 69, 815 F.3d 1195, 1202 (9th Cir.

2016). Summary judgment is affirmed if and only if there is no genuine issue of

material fact, even when the evidence is viewed in the light most favorable to the

nonmoving party. Id.

      Fall alleges violations of both the Washington Law Against Discrimination

(WLAD) and Title VII. “[D]iscrete discriminatory acts are not actionable if time

barred, even when they are related to acts alleged in timely filed charges.” Nat’l

R.R. Passenger Corp. v. Morgan, 536 U.S. 101, 113 (2002); see also RK Ventures,

Inc. v. City of Seattle, 307 F.3d 1045, 1061 (9th Cir. 2002). Acts that occurred

outside the limitations period cannot evidence discrimination unless they are part

of a hostile work environment, which “is ambient and persistent, and . . . continues

to exist between overt manifestations.” Zetwick v. Cty. of Yolo, 850 F.3d 436,

444–45 (9th Cir. 2017) (quoting Draper v. Coeur Rochester, Inc., 147 F.3d 1104,

1108 n.1 (9th Cir. 1998)); see also RK Ventures, Inc., 307 F.3d at 1061 n.13. This

framework is the same for claims under both Title VII and WLAD. Antonius v.

King Cty., 153 Wash. 2d 256, 270 (2004).

      The incidents Fall complains of were not sufficient in similarity or frequency

to raise a material question of fact as to the existence of a hostile work

environment. See Porter v. California Dep’t of Corr., 419 F.3d 885, 893 (9th Cir.


                                           2
2005). As such, the only incidents that can speak to Fall’s discrimination claim are

those incidents not time barred.

      Washington’s general three-year statute of limitations for personal injury

actions applies to WLAD claims. Antonius, 153 Wash. 2d at 261-62 (2004); see

RCW 4.16.080(2). Incidents that occurred before February 2012 are time barred

under WLAD. The only incidents not so time barred are the March 2012

confrontation with Elisabeth Blake, the June 2013 confrontation with Tracy

Morrison, and the October 2013 harassment by Juan Zabala and subsequent

termination. Under WLAD, to establish a prima facie case of disparate treatment,

an employee must show, inter alia, that he was treated less favorably than a

similarly situated, nonprotected employee. Washington v. Boeing Co., 105 Wash.

App. 1, 13 (2000).

      All but two of Fall’s claims are time barred under Title VII as well. Under

Title VII, a complainant must file charges with the EEOC within 180 days of the

alleged discrimination, or 300 days if the complainant initially instituted

proceedings with a state or local agency. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e–5(e); see Green v. L.A.

Cty. Superintendent of Sch., 883 F.2d 1472, 1473 (9th Cir. 1989). Only the June

2013 confrontation and the October 2013 harassment, along with the subsequent

termination, are not time barred under Title VII. Under Title VII, Fall must


                                           3
demonstrate, among other things, that “similarly situated employees were treated

more favorably . . .” Reynaga v. Roseburg Forest Prods., 847 F.3d 678, 691 (9th

Cir. 2017). None of the relevant incidents raise a material question of fact as to a

prima facie case under WLAD or Title VII.

      Fall has failed to identify a similarly situated individual. First, Fall held a

supervisory position, while Elisabeth Blake did not. See Vasquez v. Cty. of L.A.,

349 F.3d 634, 641 (9th Cir. 2003). Second, while Fall had been previously

discplined for aggressive behavior, Tracy Morrison had no such disciplinary

record. Finally, Juan Zabala accused Fall of aggressive behavior, while no such

complaints had been made against Zabala. Fall has failed to show that he was

treated differently than a similarly situated employee. Thus, he has failed to raise a

question of material fact as to whether, under either Title VII or WLAD, he has a

valid prima facie case of disparate treatment. We affirm the district court’s grant of

summary judgment against Fall.

      AFFIRMED.




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