       TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN



                                       NO. 03-19-00766-CV



                                          E. D., Appellant

                                                  v.

                Texas Department of Family and Protective Services, Appellee


             FROM THE 146TH DISTRICT COURT OF BELL COUNTY
 NO. 267,106-8, THE HONORABLE CHARLES H. VAN ORDEN, JUDGE PRESIDING


                 MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER


PER CURIAM

               This case presents us with a written final decree of termination that does not

comport with the trial court’s verbal rendition of judgment. At the conclusion of the final

hearing on the termination of appellant E.D.’s parental rights, the trial court verbally stated:



       As to the mother, the Court’s going to find by clear and convincing evidence the
       mother has knowingly placed the children with persons who engaged in conduct
       which endangers the physical health and emotional well-being of the children.


See Tex. Fam. Code § 161.001(b)(1)(E) (allowing for termination if parent engaged in conduct

or knowingly placed child with person who engaged in conduct that endangered child’s physical

or emotional well-being). The court went on to verbally state:
       The Court is further going to find by clear and convincing evidence the mother
       has constructively abandoned the children who have been in the temporary
       managing conservatorship of the Department of Family and Protective Services
       for not less than six months.


       The Court is further going to find by clear and convincing evidence as to mother
       that she has failed to comply with provisions of the court order that specifically
       established the actions necessary for the mother to obtain the return of the
       children who have been in the temporary managing conservatorship of the
       Department of Family and Protective Services for not less than nine months.


       The Court is further going to find by clear and convincing evidence it is in the
       best interest of the children that any parent-child relationship that exists between
       the mother being is hereby terminated.


See id. § 161.001(b)(1)(N) (allowing for termination based on constructive abandonment), (O)

(allowing for termination based on failure to comply with provisions of court order establishing

actions necessary to regain custody).

               In its final decree of termination, however, the trial court stated that it had found

that E.D. had “knowingly placed and knowingly allowed the child to remain in conditions and

surroundings which endangers [sic] the physical and emotional well-being of the child.” See id.

§ 161.001(b)(1)(D). It then went on to find the same additional grounds it had recited orally at

the conclusion of the hearing—that E.D. had constructively abandoned the children and failed to

comply with a court order—and to find that termination of her parental rights was in the

children’s best interest. See id. § 161.001(b)(1)(N)-(O), (2). The written decree, which recites as

grounds for termination subsections (D), (N), and (O), does not comport with the trial court’s

oral rendition of judgment based on subsections (E), (N), and (O).

               After a trial court loses jurisdiction, it can only correct clerical errors in a

judgment, which it does by way of a judgment nunc pro tunc. Texas Dep’t of Transp. v. A.P.I.


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Pipe & Supply, LLC, 397 S.W.3d 162, 167 (Tex. 2013); In re F.J., No. 06-19-00041-CV,

2019 WL 5460691, at *2 (Tex. App.—Texarkana Oct. 25, 2019, pet. filed) (mem. op.). “A

clerical error is one which does not result from judicial reasoning or determination,” and if “the

signed judgment inaccurately reflects the true decision of the court, then the error is clerical and

may be corrected.” A.P.I. Pipe & Supply, 397 S.W.3d at 167 (cleaned up); see In re A.P.,

No. 07-10-00481-CV, 2011 WL 780525, at *2 (Tex. App.—Amarillo Mar. 7, 2011, order)

(mem. op.) (“A clerical error is a discrepancy between the entry of a judgment in the record and

the judgment that was actually rendered,” while “a judicial error arises from a mistake of law or

fact that requires judicial reasoning to correct.”). A judicial error—“an error which occurs in the

rendering as opposed to the entering of a judgment”—cannot be altered by way of a judgment

nunc pro tunc. Escobar v. Escobar, 711 S.W.2d 230, 231-32 (Tex. 1986).

               “A court’s judgment is its announcement of the resolution of the issues in a

lawsuit and is rendered when the trial court officially announces its decision in open court or by

written memorandum filed with the clerk.” State v. Naylor, 466 S.W.3d 783, 788 (Tex. 2015)

(cleaned up); see In re K.N.M., No. 02-08-00308-CV, 2009 WL 2196125, at *5 (Tex. App.—

Fort Worth July 23, 2009, no pet.) (mem. op.). “A trial court renders judgment orally when it

announces rendition as a present act and not as an intention to render judgment in the future.”

Naylor, 466 S.W.3d at 788 (cleaned up).

               The trial court stated at the conclusion of the final hearing that it found that

termination was proper under subsections (E), (N), and (O),1 but its written decree diverges from




       1   The trial court’s docket sheet for the final hearing recites, “Ct. finds stat. grounds, P’s
rts. terminated. TDFPS=PMC.” See In re K.N.M., No. 02-08-00308-CV, 2009 WL 2196125, at
*6 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth July 23, 2009, no pet.) (mem. op.) (appellate court’s conclusion that
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the verbally stated grounds, instead stating that the grounds for termination were under

subsections (D), (N), and (O). We cannot conclude, however, that the trial court verbally

pronounced judgment at the hearing or the terms of its pronouncement—those questions are

questions of fact.2 See Escobar, 711 S.W.2d at 232; F.J., 2019 WL 5460691, at *2.

               We therefore abate the case to the trial court. On remand, the trial court shall, on

proper notice and as soon as practicable, bearing in mind the accelerated nature of termination

cases, conduct a hearing to determine whether the termination decree incorrectly reflects the

judgment of the court and, if so, whether the mistake is a clerical error subject to correction by

way of a judgment nunc pro tunc. See Escobar, 711 S.W.2d at 232; A.P., 2011 WL 780525, at

*3. In making its decision, the court may consider testimony from witnesses, such as by the

attorney who prepared the decree, the reporter’s record from the final hearing, the court’s docket

entries, written documents, the trial judge’s personal recollection, and other record evidence. See

F.J., 2019 WL 5460691, at *3. The hearing shall be transcribed, and a supplemental reporter’s

record of the hearing shall be provided to this Court. See A.P., 2011 WL 780525, at *3.

               If the trial court determines that the decree includes a clerical error, it shall sign a

termination decree nunc pro tunc reflecting the judgment of the court. See id. The trial court

shall also prepare findings of fact and conclusions of law regarding the matters it considered in

conjunction with this order, and the findings of fact and conclusions of law, any orders made in



trial court rendered judgment at conclusion of hearing was bolstered by docket sheet entry
indicating that all matters had been decided).
       2   After the trial court determines whether it previously rendered judgment and the
contents of that judgment, we may review whether the error was judicial or clerical as a
question of law. See Escobar v. Escobar, 711 S.W.2d 230, 232 (Tex. 1986); In re F.J.,
No. 06-19-00041-CV, 2019 WL 5460691, at *2 (Tex. App.—Texarkana Oct. 25, 2019, pet.
filed) (mem. op.).
                                                  4
relation to this order, and the termination decree nunc pro tunc, should such a decree be signed

by the court, shall be included in a supplemental clerk’s record. See id. We will reinstate the

case upon receipt of the supplemental clerk’s record and, if necessary, will allow E.D. time to

supplement her briefing.

              The supplemental reporter’s record and supplemental clerk’s record shall be filed

with the clerk of this Court within twenty days of the date of this order. Should additional time

be needed to comply with the order, the trial court may request such time on or before the

due date.

              It is so ordered on January 17, 2020.



Before Chief Justice Rose, Justices Baker and Triana

Abated and Remanded

Filed: January 17, 2020




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