                                              COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


              Present: Judges O’Brien, Malveaux and Senior Judge Frank
UNPUBLISHED




              JENNIFER WALKER
                                                                                MEMORANDUM OPINION*
              v.      Record No. 1501-19-1                                          PER CURIAM
                                                                                   MARCH 17, 2020
              CITY OF VIRGINIA BEACH
               DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES


                              FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF VIRGINIA BEACH
                                                James C. Lewis, Judge

                                (Catherine Paxson, on brief), for appellant.

                                (Mark D. Stiles, City Attorney; Christopher S. Boynton, Deputy City
                                Attorney; Elena E. Ilardi, Associate City Attorney; Robin Tolerton,
                                Guardian ad litem for the minor children, on brief), for appellee.


                      Jennifer Walker (mother) appeals the child protective order entered against her. Mother

              argues that the circuit court erred by finding the evidence sufficient to issue the protective order and

              that supervised visitation was appropriate. Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we

              conclude that this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the

              circuit court. See Rule 5A:27.




                      *
                          Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
                                        BACKGROUND1

       “On appeal, ‘we view the evidence and all reasonable inferences in the light most

favorable to the prevailing party below, in this case the Department.’” Farrell v. Warren Cty.

Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 59 Va. App. 375, 386 (2012) (quoting Jenkins v. Winchester Dep’t of Soc.

Servs., 12 Va. App. 1178, 1180 (1991)).

       Mother and Samuel Walker (father) are the biological parents to four children. On

December 25, 2017, the Virginia Beach Child Protective Services (CPS) received a referral for

emotional abuse against the parents’ seventeen-year-old son and physical neglect/inadequate

shelter for their seventeen-year-old daughter, nine-year-old son, and six-year-old daughter. The

report alleged that the parents were “aggressively manipulating situations to ‘get rid’ of” the

oldest son. The parents allegedly had locked him out of the house on multiple occasions, forced

him to sleep on the floor with no blankets, and denied him food. The oldest son and mother

engaged in daily “shouting matches” and had had physical altercations. Mother refused to allow

the oldest son to eat at the house and watched a camera to ensure that he did not sneak food out

of the kitchen. Mother repeatedly told the oldest son that she wanted “him out of the house.”

       In addition to conflict between mother and the oldest son, the children reported “frequent

conflict” between mother and father. The police had responded to more than 100 calls

concerning domestic altercations at the home “over the past few years.”

       In January 2018, the police received two new calls for domestic violence at the house.

On January 30, 2018, CPS accompanied the police when they arrested mother and father for


       1
         The record in this case was sealed. Nevertheless, the appeal necessitates unsealing
relevant portions of the record to resolve the issues appellant has raised. Evidence and factual
findings below that are necessary to address the assignments of error are included in this opinion.
Consequently, “[t]o the extent that this opinion mentions facts found in the sealed record, we
unseal only those specific facts, finding them relevant to the decision in this case. The remainder
of the previously sealed record remains sealed.” Levick v. MacDougall, 294 Va. 283, 288 n.1
(2017).
                                                 -2-
assault and battery. The CPS worker reported that the home was “extremely cluttered and

unsanitary.” Clothes were piled two feet high in places, and the floor was not visible. Because

mother and father were arrested, they had to make a plan for the children. They requested that

the oldest son be placed in foster care, but arranged for the other three children to live with

family friends. CPS determined that the home had to be cleaned before the children could reside

there again.

       Based on the condition of the home and the frequency of domestic violence incidents, the

Virginia Beach Department of Human Services (the Department) sought a preliminary protective

order. On January 31, 2018, the Virginia Beach Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court

(the JDR court) issued preliminary child protective orders and ordered the parents to cooperate

with the Department. It also ordered that there be “no hostile contact including verbal or

physical altercations” in the presence of the children. By orders entered on February 5, 2018, the

JDR court allowed the children to return home and ordered the parents to participate in

counseling and domestic violence services.

       On March 1, 2018, the JDR court adjudicated that the children were at risk of being

abused or neglected. After the younger son ran to a neighbor for help because father had a knife

and “blood was everywhere,”2 the JDR court ordered the parents not to reside together and “not

be together around the children unless they are exchanging the children for family time or in a

session with a family therapist or parent coach.” The children primarily resided with mother in

the family home in Virginia Beach, and father moved to his parents’ home in Kenbridge.

       The Department later learned that mother and father had violated the protective order

because they were seen visiting with the children together. When the Department confronted

mother about the incident, mother denied violating the order. Initially, mother would not allow


       2
           Father stated that he had cut himself with the knife, and the blood belonged to him.
                                                 -3-
the social worker to enter the home, but she eventually relented. The social worker found the

house cluttered again. Mother yelled at the social worker throughout the social worker’s visit.

       At a subsequent hearing, the JDR court ordered the parents to complete parental capacity

evaluations and domestic violence assessments.3 The JDR court also ordered that the children be

assessed for individual therapy. In addition, the JDR court established a specific visitation

schedule for father and the children.

       Father reported that the children’s first visit with him went well; however, after the

children spoke with their mother in the middle of the visit, they became upset. The children told

the social worker that they enjoyed the visit with father and wanted to return.

       After the visit, father admitted that he had visited mother’s home when the children were

asleep to “attempt to work things out.” When the Department asked mother about father’s visit,

she denied it. The Department drafted a “Protective Agreement,” which provided that mother

would not allow father to visit the home and that she would not contact the children while they

visited father. Mother reluctantly signed the agreement. During the Department’s visit, mother

spoke negatively about father and the oldest son. She spoke “very loudly” even though the

younger children sat at the top of the stairs and heard everything. The Department had to remind

mother that she was violating the protective order by speaking negatively about father in the

children’s presence, but mother dismissed the Department’s warning because the children were

not in the room.

       A second visit between the younger children and father reportedly went well. The

parents continued to have disagreements with one another. Mother spoke negatively about father

in the presence of the children and claimed that the children no longer wanted to visit with father.



       3
        By the time of the hearing, the oldest two children were eighteen years old, so only the
younger two children were before the JDR court.
                                               -4-
The social worker was present during the exchange for the third visit. Mother and the older

daughter caused such a scene that the social worker had to involve the police. Father left with

the two younger children, who were upset about the incident. Mother screamed at the social

worker and “got close in [the social worker’s] face.”

       When the social worker appeared for an unannounced visit at mother’s home a couple of

weeks later, mother refused to allow the social worker in the home. As they spoke outside the

home, mother began screaming at the social worker. Mother alleged that father had not paid the

taxes for her vehicle, so she and the children were no longer going to any appointments or

visitations. The social worker offered to help with transportation, but mother refused. The social

worker left the home because mother had become so agitated.

       After mother did not make the children available for father’s next visit, the Department

sought to remove the younger children from mother’s care because of her “continued derogatory

statements” regarding father and her refusal to follow through with court-ordered services for

herself and the children. On June 7, 2018, the JDR court entered an emergency removal order

and awarded temporary custody of the younger children to the paternal grandmother. The JDR

court subsequently ordered that mother would have supervised visitation with the children.

       On July 17, 2018, the JDR court adjudicated that the younger children were abused or

neglected, or at risk of being abused or neglected, and entered dispositional orders at the same

time.4 The JDR court entered another child protective order, which prohibited the parents from

having any “hostile contact with each other” and ordered them not to “be together around the

children unless they are exchanging the children for family time or in a session with a family

therapist or parent coach.” The JDR court also continued its order for the parents to complete

recommended services and cooperate with the Department. The JDR court further ordered


       4
           Mother did not appeal the dispositional orders.
                                                -5-
supervised visitation for mother twice monthly, with one of the visits to occur near the children’s

residence.

       The Department referred mother for a neuropsychological assessment, which was

completed in the summer of 2018. The purpose of the evaluation was to “evaluate her functional

cognitive, behavioral[,] emotional status in meeting daily demands.” The psychologist

concluded that mother’s neurocognitive function was “within normal limits,” so any concerns

about mother’s decision-making or judgment “would be related to non-neurologically based

concerns such as personality characteristics and/or substance use/abuse.”

       After receiving the neuropsychological evaluation, the Department referred mother for a

parenting capacity evaluation and requested that the evaluator consider whether “another mental

health problem” contributed to mother’s behavior or her parenting capabilities. The evaluator

noticed that mother consistently “presented herself as a victim” and “denied any responsibility

for the conflict between herself and [father], herself and her [older] son, herself and her daughter,

herself and her neighbor, or herself and [the social worker].” The evaluator concluded that

mother’s “inability to take responsibility or to perceive situations accurately may have significant

negative impacts on her parenting abilities.”

       The evaluator doubted whether mother would “easily accept or implement any feedback”

because of her distrust of others. The evaluator opined that mother’s “interpersonal style and

propensity of persecutory thinking may impede her ability to appropriately implement the

parenting knowledge she possesses into everyday life with her children.” The evaluator

diagnosed mother with adjustment disorder with anxiety and recommended that she participate in

individual therapy “to address emotion dysregulation, interpersonal patterns, history of domestic

violence, trauma symptoms, insight into her own actions, and level of suspicion and paranoia.”

The evaluator recommended supervised visitation between mother and the children until mother

                                                -6-
“is able to better understand her own role and responsibility in her family’s functioning.” The

evaluator expressed concern that mother’s “own personality style may be inhibiting a healthy

environment and healthy interactions with her children.”

       The parties appeared before the JDR court again in October 2018. The JDR court

modified mother’s visitation, so that one visit would occur in Virginia Beach and the other visit

would occur within thirty minutes of the children’s residence. The JDR court continued the

requirement of supervised visitation “by a person pre-approved by [the Department] or at a

supervised visitation center, at mother’s expense.” Mother appealed the JDR court’s ruling.5

       On February 21, 2019, the JDR court amended the child protective orders to allow

supervision by certain specified individuals or a person approved by the custodians. Mother

appealed the JDR court’s amended orders.

       On August 15, 2019, the parties appeared before the circuit court for a hearing on

mother’s appeals.6 After hearing the parties’ evidence and arguments, the circuit court “found

the evidence sufficient to sustain the child protective order[s]” and ordered that the JDR court’s

orders remain in effect. This appeal followed.

                                            ANALYSIS

       Mother argues that the circuit court erred by finding the evidence sufficient to issue the

child protective order and that supervised visitation was appropriate. “In matters of a child’s

welfare, [circuit] courts are vested with broad discretion in making the decisions necessary to

guard and to foster a child’s best interests.” Thach v. Arlington Cty. Dep’t of Human Servs., 63

Va. App. 157, 168 (2014) (quoting Logan v. Fairfax Cty. Dep’t of Human Dev., 13 Va. App.


       5
         The JDR court’s child protective orders entered on October 18, 2018, included a review
date of February 21, 2019.
       6
        The record does not include a timely filed transcript of the circuit court hearing. See
Rule 5A:8.
                                              -7-
123, 128 (1991)). “This Court presumes that the circuit court ‘thoroughly weighed all the

evidence, considered the statutory requirements, and made its determination based on the child’s

best interests.’” Id. (quoting Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128).

        First, mother asserts that the evidence was insufficient to prove that the children were

“either abused or neglected, or at risk of being abused or neglected, . . . warranting the imposition of

the protective orders.” She claims that “the Department has failed . . . to show that the requisite

finding of abuse and neglect was made by the court and, for that reason, this Court must conclude

that the evidence fails to support the imposition of the protective orders.” The record, however,

includes the JDR court’s orders adjudicating that the children were abused or neglected, or at risk of

abuse or neglect, and dispositional orders entered on July 17, 2018. Mother did not appeal the JDR

court’s dispositional orders, which were final orders under Code § 16.1-278.2(D). “Pursuant to the

‘law of the case’ doctrine, when a party fails to challenge a decision rendered by a court at one

stage of litigation, that party is deemed to have waived her right to challenge that decision during

later stages of the ‘same litigation.’” Miller-Jenkins v. Miller-Jenkins, 276 Va. 19, 26 (2008).

Therefore, mother waived her right to challenge the abuse and neglect findings.

        Second, mother argues that the circuit court erred by entering the child protective order

and requiring supervised visitation between mother and the children. The record does not

include a timely filed transcript of the circuit court hearing.7

                If the transcript is not a part of the record on appeal, we cannot
                consider it or any references to it in addressing [mother’s]
                arguments because “[a]n appellate court must dispose of the case
                upon the record and cannot base its decision upon appellant’s
                petition or brief. . . . We may act only upon facts contained in the
                record.”


        7
         The circuit court entered its final order on September 16, 2019; the transcript was filed
late on December 2, 2019. Rule 5A:8(a) (“The transcript of any proceeding is a part of the
record when it is filed in the office of the clerk of the trial court within 60 days after entry of the
final judgment.”).
                                                  -8-
Browning v. Browning, 68 Va. App. 19, 26-27 (2017) (quoting Smith v. Commonwealth, 16

Va. App. 630, 635 (1993)).

       “Because the judgment of the court below is presumed to be correct, the onus is upon the

appellant to provide the reviewing court with a sufficient record from which it can be determined

whether the trial court erred as the appellant alleges.” White v. Morano, 249 Va. 27, 30 (1995);

see also Robinson v. Robinson, 50 Va. App. 189, 197 (2007) (“The burden is upon the appellant

to provide us with a record which substantiates the claim of error. In the absence [of a sufficient

record], we will not consider the point.” (quoting Jenkins v. Winchester Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 12

Va. App. 1178, 1185 (1991))).

       “The sanction for failure to comply with Rule 5A:8(a) is governed by Rule 5A:8(b)(4)(ii),

which provides that ‘[w]hen the appellant fails to ensure that the record contains transcripts . . .

necessary to permit resolution of appellate issues, any assignments of error affected by such

omission shall not be considered.’” Browning, 68 Va. App. at 28 (emphasis in original). “[F]or

any assignments of error for which the arguments below are ‘contained within the untimely-filed

transcript’ and for which the subject transcript is ‘indispensable to the determination of th[e]

issue[s],’ those assignments of error are ‘waived on appeal.’” Id. at 30 (quoting Shiembob v.

Shiembob, 55 Va. App. 234, 246 (2009)).

       The transcript from the circuit court hearing is indispensable for a review of mother’s

arguments. “Without the transcript, we cannot know with certainty the arguments made by the

parties or the evidence that the trial judge could consider.” Id. Accordingly, we find that

mother’s assignment of error is waived.

                                          CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, the circuit court’s ruling is summarily affirmed. Rule 5A:27.

                                                                                            Affirmed.

                                                 -9-
