MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any                             FILED
court except for the purpose of establishing                     May 24 2017, 10:32 am

the defense of res judicata, collateral                               CLERK
estoppel, or the law of the case.                                 Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                     Court of Appeals
                                                                       and Tax Court




ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                  ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Marc Halata                                             Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
The Law Offices of Marc Halata, LLC                     Attorney General of Indiana
Greenfield, Indiana
                                                        Ellen H. Meilaender
                                                        Supervising Deputy Attorney
                                                        General
                                                        Indianapolis, Indiana



                                          IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Mark Weakly,                                            May 24, 2017
Appellant-Petitioner,                                   Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                        49A02-1611-CR-2710
        v.                                              Appeal from the Marion Superior
                                                        Court
State of Indiana,                                       The Honorable Linda E. Brown,
Appellee-Respondent.                                    Judge
                                                        Trial Court Cause No.
                                                        49F10-0508-CM-144946



Bradford, Judge.




Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1611-CR-2710 | May 24, 2017       Page 1 of 11
                                          Case Summary
[1]   Appellant-Petitioner Mark Weakly was convicted of Class A misdemeanor

      battery in February of 2006, after committing a battery against his daughter. He

      successfully completed the terms of his probation in June of 2006. On

      September 20, 2016, Weakly filed a petition seeking the restoration of his right

      to possess a firearm in accordance with Indiana Code section 35-47-4-7, which

      provides the procedure for seeking the restoration of the right to possess a

      firearm after an individual is convicted of domestic battery. The trial court

      denied Weakly’s petition, finding that because Weakly was not convicted of

      domestic battery, Indiana Code section 35-47-4-7 did not apply to him. Weakly

      subsequently filed a motion to reconsider. Following a hearing, the trial court

      denied Weakly’s motion, again finding that because Weakly was not convicted

      of domestic battery, Indiana Code section 35-47-4-7 did not apply to him.

      Weakly challenges the trial court’s order on appeal.


[2]   Upon review, we conclude that the trial court correctly determined that Indiana

      Code section 35-47-4-7 does not apply to Weakly as he was convicted of

      battery, not domestic battery. Therefore, trial court also correctly determined

      that it could not grant Weakly the requested relief. We affirm the judgment of

      the trial court.



                            Facts and Procedural History


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1611-CR-2710 | May 24, 2017   Page 2 of 11
[3]   On August 24, 2005, Appellee-Respondent the State of Indiana (“the State”)

      charged Weakly with Class A misdemeanor battery, alleging that Weakly

      battered his daughter. On February 6, 2006, Weakly pled guilty to the Class A

      misdemeanor battery charge. He was subsequently sentenced to probation.

      Weakly successfully completed his probation and was discharged from

      probation on June 16, 2006.


[4]   On September 20, 2016, Weakly filed a petition seeking the restoration of

      certain rights pursuant to Indiana Code section 35-47-4-7, including the right to

      possess a firearm. In this petition, Weakly asserted that he “pled guilty to Class

      A Misdemeanor Domestic Battery on [February 6, 2006] under cause number

      49F10-0508-CM-144946.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II, p. 10. Weakly further

      asserted that he was successfully released from probation on June 16, 2006, that

      he had not been convicted of any other crimes, that “[f]ederal and state law

      holds that mere expungement is not sufficient to restore firearm rights and that

      restoration must be granted under [Indiana Code section] 35-47-4-7,” and that

      he “meets all of the necessary requirements to be granted restoration under

      [Indiana Code section] 35-47-4-7.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II, p. 10.


[5]   On September 26, 2016, the trial court denied Weakly’s petition seeking the

      restoration of his right to possess a firearm. In denying Weakly’s petition, the

      trial court found as follows:

              1.    On August 24, 2005 the State of Indiana charged the
              defendant with one count of Battery, a Class A misdemeanor,
              pursuant to [Indiana Code section] 35-42-2-1.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1611-CR-2710 | May 24, 2017   Page 3 of 11
              2.     On February 6, 2006 the defendant pled guilty to count 1,
              Battery, a Class A misdemeanor and judgment of conviction was
              entered as to the same.
              3.     On September 20, 2016 defendant filed his Petition for
              Restoration of Rights under [Indiana Code section] 35-47-4-7
              stating that defendant pled guilty to Domestic Battery.
              4.     The Court finds that the defendant was not convicted of
              Domestic Battery pursuant to the above entitled matter.


      Appellant’s App. Vol. II, p. 8. As such, the trial court denied Weakly’s petition

      for restoration of rights “under [Indiana Code section] 35-47-4-7 as it relates to

      case 49F10-0508-CM-144946.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II, p. 8.


[6]   On October 7, 2016, Weakly filed a motion to reconsider the denial of his

      petition for a restoration of rights. In this motion, Weakly stated the following:

              1.     That [Weakly] … pled guilty to Class A Misdemeanor
              Battery on [February 6, 2006] under cause number 49F10-0508-
              CM-144946.
              2.     That on [June 16, 2006, Weakly] was released from
              probation, having successfully completed all terms of said
              probation.
              3.     [Weakly] has not been convicted of any other crimes since,
              and it has been over ten (10) years since conviction.
              4.     Federal and state law holds that mere expungement is not
              sufficient to restore firearms rights and that restoration must be
              granted under [Indiana Code section] 35-47-4-7.
              5.     This Court denied [Weakly’s] restoration of rights on
              September 26, 2016.
              6.     Indiana State Police and the federal government categorize
              [Weakly’s] battery as a ‘domestic’ battery, though not in name,
              due to the conviction being a battery against a domestic partner
              or family member.
              7.     Expungement is not enough to restore the federal

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1611-CR-2710 | May 24, 2017   Page 4 of 11
              prohibition against fire possession.
              8.     Expungement will be completed once rights are restored.
              9.     [Weakly] meets all of the necessary requirements to be
              granted restoration under [Indiana Code section] 35-47-4-7.
              10. Without restoration, the federal government and state
              police will not allow firearm possession, nor will the Indiana
              State Police issue a license to carry.


      Appellant’s App. Vol. II, pp. 6-7.


[7]   The trial court conducted a hearing on Weakly’s motion to reconsider on

      November 2, 2016. During this hearing, the parties presented argument

      regarding whether the trial court had jurisdiction to grant Weakly’s requested

      relief under Indiana Code section 35-47-4-7. Weakly argued that the trial court

      erred in denying his petition for the restoration of rights, asserting as follows:


              Uh, the issue here is that Mr. Weakly has been red-flagged with a
              Federal prohibitor; and what that means is that he’s no longer a
              proper person under federal law because what they do is-the feds
              actually look in the probable cause affidavit, look into the facts of
              the case. So what you have is when someone is charged with a
              domestic battery, and then they plead to a class A misdemeanor
              battery to avoid a domestic battery prohibition against firearms,
              the feds are still seeing that as meeting the criminal code for a
              Domestic Battery: A) a battery that my client pled to; B) that
              battery was against a spouse, ex-spouse, share a child in
              common; so they say that A plus B equal C. This is still a
              domestic battery even if not in name. Uh, a Restoration of
              Rights would be the only way to federally restore my client’s
              rights to basically, get a license to carry, possess a firearm.
              Without this restoration, under 35-47-4-7 he will be unable to get
              off the federal prohibitor list. Expungement alone, in my
              opinion, uh, will not, uh, restore my client's rights because they'll
              still be flagged as a federal prohibitor. If you alone-if someone
      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1611-CR-2710 | May 24, 2017   Page 5 of 11
         has a domestic battery alone in Indiana, and you get that
         domestic battery expunged, when Indiana State Police goes to
         issue a license to carry they will still deny you because you did
         not have your rights restored. You will still be denied because the
         feds will still prohibit you.
                                           ****
         This is a very, it’s a Catch-22, Your Honor because you will not
         be able-you say, the court will say we cannot restore his rights
         because he was not convicted of a domestic battery. The feds
         will say, he had domestic battery because the facts meet that of a
         domestic battery even though he did not plead to it in name. He
         was convicted of a-he pled to a battery and that battery was
         against a domestic partner.[1] Uh, so really I think that each, each
         entity is passing the buck and saying it’s not ours, it’s not our
         jurisdiction, it’s not our jurisdiction. There’s just no way to fix it.
         I think that, if the court argues that this, their Order will not be
         accepted by the feds; I say that’s a risk I’m willing to take. Uh,
         but in the end, if he was convicted of an out-right domestic
         battery, this court would have-I would have seen no reason for
         this court to have not given my client a restoration of rights under
         35-47-4-7. But in essence, that’s what this is. This is a domestic
         battery. It is a battery he pled to against a domestic partner; and
         in my opinion this is the only way to properly restore his rights
         under state and federal, uh-I guess under the state and the federal
         viewpoint. And that’s it.


Tr. pp. 3-5. The State countered, arguing as follows:

         Thank you, Your Honor. It is the position of the State that the
         court doesn’t have any jurisdiction or standing, and the
         petitioner/defendant has no standing to ask for relief simply



1
  It is important to note that counsel’s argument in this regard is inaccurate as Weakly pled guilty to a battery
against his daughter, not a battery against a domestic partner. As is discussed below, a domestic partner and
a child are treated differently by Indiana law.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1611-CR-2710 | May 24, 2017                 Page 6 of 11
              because the State would ask the court to take judicial notice of its
              record. It did accept a plea to battery as a class A misdemeanor,
              not domestic battery. Uh, the only remedy which, uh, defense is
              talking deals with if you got convicted of domestic battery.
                                               ****
              This court didn’t take anything away from him. The State of
              Indiana through its statutes didn’t take anything away from him.
              This court can’t restore something that was not taken away by
              the laws of the State of Indiana or by an Order of this court. And
              doing the court order it gave him his time, and his fines, his costs,
              his fees. It didn’t say anything about restoration or costs of a
              gun, or the right to own a gun. And this is a federal matter. The
              feds would have to be convinced based on the expungement and
              the fact that he is a proper person that this no longer applies. But
              it goes beyond the State of Indiana, beyond our jurisdiction to
              make that decision. We think the court’s decision was correct.
              The court does not have jurisdiction to do anything with the
              guns.


      Tr. pp. 5-7.


[8]   At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court stated “I agree with the State

      counsel. I don’t think this court has jurisdiction. I am denying the motion[.]”

      Tr. p. 9. Soon thereafter, the trial court issued an order denying Weakly’s

      motion to reconsider. This appeal follows.



                                Discussion and Decision
[9]   In the instant matter, Weakly seeks the restoration of his right to possess a

      firearm pursuant to Indiana Code section 35-47-4-7. Indiana Code section 35-

      47-4-7(a) generally provides that a person who has been convicted of a “crime


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1611-CR-2710 | May 24, 2017   Page 7 of 11
       of domestic violence” may not possess a firearm. The statute further provides

       that:


               (b) Not earlier than five (5) years after the date of conviction, a
               person who has been convicted of a crime of domestic violence
               may petition the court for restoration of the person’s right to
               possess a firearm. In determining whether to restore the person’s
               right to possess a firearm, the court shall consider the following
               factors:
                      (1) Whether the person has been subject to:
                             (A) a protective order;
                             (B) a no contact order;
                             (C) a workplace violence restraining
                             order; or
                             (D) any other court order that prohibits
                             the person from possessing a firearm.
                      (2) Whether the person has successfully completed a
                      substance abuse program, if applicable.
                      (3) Whether the person has successfully completed a
                      parenting class, if applicable.
                      (4) Whether the person still presents a threat to the
                      victim of the crime.
                      (5) Whether there is any other reason why the person
                      should not possess a firearm, including whether the
                      person failed to satisfy a specified condition under
                      subsection (c) or whether the person has committed a
                      subsequent offense.


       Ind. Code § 35-47-4-7(b).


[10]   In relation to Indiana Code section 35-47-4-7, the Indiana General Assembly

       has specifically defined the term “crime of domestic violence” as follows:




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1611-CR-2710 | May 24, 2017   Page 8 of 11
               “Crime of domestic violence”, for purposes of IC 5-2-6.1, IC 35-
               38-9, and IC 35-47-4-7, means an offense or the attempt to
               commit an offense that:
                      (1) has as an element the:
                              (A) use of physical force; or
                              (B) threatened use of a deadly weapon;
                              and
                      (2) is committed against a:
                              (A) current or former spouse, parent, or
                              guardian of the defendant;
                              (B) person with whom the defendant
                              shared a child in common;
                              (C) person who was cohabiting with or
                              had cohabited with the defendant as a
                              spouse, parent, or guardian; or
                              (D) person who was or had been
                              similarly situated to a spouse, parent, or
                              guardian of the defendant.


       Ind. Code § 35-31.5-2-78.


[11]   Indiana Code section 35-31.5-2-78 clearly defines the term “crime of domestic

       violence” as it applies to Indiana Code section 35-47-4-7. We have previously

       concluded that “when a statute is clear and unambiguous on its face, this court

       need not, and indeed must not interpret that statute.” Campbell v. State, 716

       N.E.2d 577, 578-79 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999) (citing Ind. Dep’t of Nat. Res. v. Peabody

       Coal Co., 654 N.E.2d 289, 295 (Ind. Ct. App. 1995)).


               A clear and unambiguous statute is not the subject of judicial
               construction, Indiana Patient’s Compensation Fund v. Anderson, 661
               N.E.2d 907, 909 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996), trans. denied, and must be
               held to mean what it plainly expresses. Indiana State Bd. of Health
               v. Journal-Gazette Co., 608 N.E.2d 989, 992 (Ind.Ct.App.1993),

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1611-CR-2710 | May 24, 2017   Page 9 of 11
                trans. granted, opinion adopted, 619 N.E.2d 273 (Ind. 1993). Such
                a statute must be given its apparent or obvious meaning. Id.


       Id. at 579.


[12]   The record reveals that Weakly was convicted of Class A misdemeanor battery

       rather than the specified crime of domestic battery. Further, for the purposes of

       Weakly’s argument on appeal, the definition of the term “crime of domestic

       violence” does not include a child or step-child.2 Given the clear and

       unambiguous nature of Indiana Code § 35-31.5-2-78, we must give the statute

       it’s obvious meaning.


[13]   Upon review, we agree with the trial court’s determination that Weakly was not

       convicted of a crime of domestic violence as the term is applied under Indiana

       Code section 35-47-4-7 and, as such, Weakly is not required to follow the

       provisions set forth in Indiana Code section 35-47-4-7 for restoration of his right

       to possess a firearm.3 We therefore affirm the trial court’s denial of Weakly’s

       petition for the restoration of his rights and motion to reconsider said petition.




       2
         The State correctly points out that the General Assembly has drafted other statutes involving violence in a
       household to include children or step-children. See Ind. Code §§ 35-42-2-1, 35-42-2-1.3. The State further
       correctly points out that such statutory language indicates that the General Assembly “knows how to draft a
       statute that encompasses crimes committed against the person’s child when the legislature wants the
       definition to extend to such relationships.” Appellee’s Br. p. 8 n.2.


       3
         In reaching this conclusion, we note that Weakly points to nothing in the record which indicates that he is
       prohibited from possessing a firearm under any law of the State. To the extent that federal law prohibits
       Weakly from possessing a firearm, any challenge to such prohibition should be addressed with the federal
       government as Weakly has failed to point to any authority suggesting that the State has the authority to
       reinstate a federal right which has been restricted by the federal government. In addition, we make no

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1611-CR-2710 | May 24, 2017              Page 10 of 11
[14]   The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.


       Najam, J., and Riley, J., concur.




       opinion as to whether the expungement of Weakly’s conviction would be sufficient to satisfy any applicable
       federal provisions relating to the reinstatement of the federal right to possess a firearm. Any questions
       relating to the steps that Weakly must complete before granting such reinstatement by the federal government
       should be addressed to the appropriate federal agency.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1611-CR-2710 | May 24, 2017           Page 11 of 11
