Petition for Writ of Mandamus Granted and Memorandum Opinion filed June
18, 2019.




                                       In The

                     Fourteenth Court of Appeals

                                 NO. 14-19-00419-CV



                     IN RE ABC ASSEMBLY LLC, Relator


                          ORIGINAL PROCEEDING
                            WRIT OF MANDAMUS
                               165th District Court
                              Harris County, Texas
                        Trial Court Cause No. 2014-64733

                         MEMORANDUM OPINION

      On May 17, 2019, relator ABC Assembly LLC filed a petition for writ of
mandamus in this court. See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 22.221 (Supp.); see also Tex.
R. App. P. 52. In the petition, relator asks this court to compel the Honorable Ursula
A. Hall, presiding judge of the 165th District Court of Harris County, to rule on
relator’s motion for entry of judgment on the jury’s verdict, which was last heard by
Judge Hall on October 12, 2018.

      We conditionally grant relief.

                                  BACKGROUND
      ABC Assembly filed suit against Microwave Networks, Inc. in November
2014, seeking damages for breach of contract, negligent misrepresentation,
promissory estoppel, and fraud. On June 1, 2018, the jury rendered a verdict in favor
of ABC Assembly.

      ABC Assembly filed a Motion for Entry of Judgment (the “Motion”) on June
14, 2018, with a submission date of June 25, 2018.

      Microwave Networks filed its response and a motion for judgment
notwithstanding the verdict on June 21, 2018, which raised issues regarding the jury
charge, the verdict, the contract’s limitations on damages, ABC Assembly’s alleged
lack of proof of misrepresentation, and the damage calculations. Microwave
Networks set that motion for oral hearing and ABC Assembly did the same on its
Motion.

      Judge Hall conducted an oral hearing on the motions on September 20, 2018,
and a second oral hearing on October 12, 2018, after which Judge Hall stated that
she expected to rule by the end of October.

      ABC Assembly filed a letter with Judge Hall on January 24, 2019, reminding
her that the Motion was still pending and requesting a ruling. This letter also included


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a new proposed judgment with changes regarding the awards for pre- and post-
judgment interest. The record also shows that ABC Assembly made three phone
calls to the court’s clerk or coordinator in March and April of 2019 to ask about the
status of the Motion.

       Approximately eight months has passed since the last hearing on the Motion.

                               MANDAMUS STANDARD
       There are generally three prerequisites for the issuance of a writ of mandamus:
(1) the lower court must have a legal duty to perform a nondiscretionary act; (2) the
relator must make a demand for performance; and (3) the subject court must refuse
that request. Stoner v. Massey, 586 S.W.2d 843, 846 (Tex. 1979). When a motion is
properly filed and pending before a trial court, the act of giving consideration to and
ruling upon that motion is a ministerial act.1 A trial court has a ministerial duty to
consider and rule on motions properly filed and pending before it, and mandamus
may issue to compel the trial court to act. In re Henry, 525 S.W.3d 381 (Tex. App.–
Houston [14th Dist.] 2017, orig. proceeding). A trial court is required to rule on a
motion within a reasonable time after the motion has been submitted to the court for
a ruling or a ruling on the motion has been requested. In re Foster, 503 S.W.3d 606,
607 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2016, orig. proceeding). The record must
show that the motion was filed and brought to the attention of the judge for a ruling,

       1
         See Eli Lilly and Co. v. Marshall, 829 S.W.2d 157 (Tex. 1992) (mandamus conditionally
issued to compel trial court to conduct a hearing); Barnes v. State, 832 S.W.2d 424, 426 (Tex.
App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1992) (orig. proceeding); In re Bishop, No. 14-06-00636-CV, 2006 WL
2434200, at *1 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] Aug. 24, 2006, orig. proceeding) (per curiam)
(mem. op.).

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and the judge has not ruled on the motion within a reasonable time after being
requested to do so. See In re Foster, 503 S.W.3d at 607; In re Flanigan, No. 14-18-
01116-CR, __S.W.3d __, 2019 WL 2062801, at *1 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th
Dist.] May 9, 2019, orig. proceeding).

      What constitutes a reasonable time depends on the facts and circumstances of
the particular case. In re Salazar, 134 S.W.3d 357, 358 (Tex. App.—Waco 2003,
orig. proceeding). Many factors determine whether a trial court has ruled within a
reasonable time. Among these are “the trial court’s actual knowledge of the motion,
whether its refusal to act is overt, the state of the court’s docket, and the existence
of other judicial and administrative matters which must be addressed first.” In re
Chavez, 62 S.W.3d 225, 228–29 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2001, orig. proceeding). The
trial court’s inherent power to control its own docket must also be given due
consideration. Id. at 228.

                                     ANALYSIS
      We are guided by three decisions as to what constitutes a reasonable time rule.
First, in In re Coffey, No. 14-18-00124-CV, 2018 WL 1627592, at *1–2 (Tex. App.—
Houston [14th Dist.] Apr. 5, 2018, orig. proceeding) (mem. op.), our court held that
Judge Hall abused her discretion by failing to rule on an unopposed motion to confirm
arbitration award that had been pending for approximately four months, where the
motion was unopposed and the delay in ruling was causing substantial harm. Second, in
In re Harris County Appraisal Dist., No. 14-19-00078-CV, 2019 WL 1716274, at *3
(Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] Apr. 18, 2019, orig. proceeding) (mem. op.), our court


                                          4
held that Judge Hall’s six-month delay in ruling on a plea to the jurisdiction was
unreasonable and an abuse of discretion. Third, in In re Mesa Petroleum Partners, LP,
538 S.W.3d 153, 158 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2017, orig. proceeding), the court of appeals
held the trial judge abused his discretion by failing to rule on a motion for judgment
because it had “been almost one year since the jury rendered its verdict, more than eight
months since the trial court conducted the hearing on Mesa’s motion [for judgment] and
the other post-verdict motions, and more than seven months since the parties submitted
the post-verdict briefs.” Although the case involved complicated issues, a lengthy trial
record, and over 1,000 pages of post-verdict briefing, the court of appeals “conclude[d]
that more than eight months is a reasonable period of time in which to rule on the parties’
post-verdict motions and render judgment in this case.” Id. at 159.

      Judge Hall knows the Motion is pending because she conducted two oral hearings
on the Motion. After the second hearing on October 12, 2018, Judge Hall stated that she
expected to rule by the end of October 2018. Counsel sent a letter to Judge Hall on
January 24, 2019, stating that the Motion remained pending and requesting a ruling.

      The record does not show any special docket conditions or the existence of other
matters preventing a ruling on the Motion. It has been nearly a year since the jury
returned a verdict. Almost eleven months has passed since the Motion was set for
submission on June 25, 2018, and almost eight months has passed since the second oral
hearing on October 12, 2018. As much or more time has passed in this case than the
delays which our court and the El Paso Court of Appeals found to be unreasonable in In
re Coffey, In re Harris County Appraisal Dist., and in In re Mesa.



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       Microwave Networks, however, argues that it is reasonable for Judge Hall to not
yet have ruled given the complicated nature of this case, competing motions and multiple
proposed judgments. For example, Microwave Networks asserts that some of the jury’s
answers are favorable to it and some appear to be in conflict. Moreover, ABC Assembly
submitted a new proposed judgment on January 24, 2019.

       But, according to Microwave Networks, the changes proposed in the January 24,
2019 judgment pertain to the awards for pre- and post-judgment interest.2 Verifying the
calculation of pre- and post-judgment interest generally are not complicated matters that
should result in substantial delay.

                                           CONCLUSION
       Although deciding the judgment here is arguably more complicated than the
typical case, Judge Hall has had more than sufficient time to decide the issues raised
by the parties’ motions and promised to do so by the end of October. Judge Hall’s
memory of the arguments presented at the October 12 hearing will continue to fade
and further delay will likely prejudice all the parties. We conclude Judge Hall’s
approximately eight-month delay in ruling on the Motion since the October 12
hearing is unreasonable and constitutes an abuse of discretion.

       We therefore conditionally grant the petition for writ of mandamus and direct
Judge Hall to rule on the Motion by July 12, 2019. We are confident she will act in




       2
           Neither party has included the January 24, 2019 proposed judgment in the record.


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accordance with this opinion. The writ of mandamus shall issue only if she fails to
do so.


                                      PER CURIAM


Panel consists of Justices Christopher, Bourliot, and Zimmerer.




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