                                              COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


              Present: Judges Russell, AtLee and Senior Judge Haley
UNPUBLISHED



              VICTORIA HERRERA
                                                                                MEMORANDUM OPINION*
              v.      Record No. 0617-19-3                                          PER CURIAM
                                                                                   OCTOBER 1, 2019
              CITY OF ROANOKE DEPARTMENT
               OF SOCIAL SERVICES


                                   FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF ROANOKE
                                               William D. Broadhurst, Judge

                                (Christian A. Persinger; Steidle Law Firm, on brief), for appellant.
                                Appellant submitting on brief.

                                (Daniel J. Callaghan, City Attorney; Heather P. Ferguson, Assistant
                                City Attorney; Sarah Jane Newton, Guardian ad litem for the minor
                                children, on brief), for appellee. Appellee and Guardian ad litem
                                submitting on brief.


                      Victoria Herrera (mother) appeals an order terminating her parental rights and approving the

              foster care goal of adoption for two of her children. Mother argues that the circuit court erred by:

              (1) finding that the evidence was sufficient to terminate her parental rights and approve the goal of

              adoption and (2) denying her motion for a continuance. Upon reviewing the record and briefs of

              the parties, we conclude that the circuit court did not err. Accordingly, we affirm the decision of

              the circuit court.




                      *
                          Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
                                         BACKGROUND1

       “On appeal from the termination of parental rights, this Court is required to review the

evidence in the light most favorable to the party prevailing in the circuit court.” Yafi v. Stafford

Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 69 Va. App. 539, 550-51 (2018) (quoting Thach v. Arlington Cty. Dep’t of

Human Servs., 63 Va. App. 157, 168 (2014)).

       Mother has two sons who are the subject of this appeal.2 On July 25, 2017, the City of

Roanoke Department of Social Services (the Department) received a complaint that the children,

who were autistic, had “full diapers” that had not been changed all day and that their house was

dirty. The children were two and three years old at the time. The Department investigated and

entered into a safety plan with mother, who agreed to change the children’s diapers regularly,

supervise the children at all times, clean the floors and kitchen, and remove all safety hazards

from the home. After several rescheduled visits, the Department returned almost two weeks later

and found that mother had made “very little progress.”

       The Department returned to the home a few weeks later and found that the floors were

“sticky” and that there were flies “everywhere.” The Department noticed that there were boxes,

clothes, and trash piled four feet high along the walls between the kitchen and family room, so

there was “only a small path to walk.” The Department returned a couple of days later and

discovered rotten food in the refrigerator.



       1
         The record in this case was sealed. Nevertheless, the appeal necessitates unsealing
relevant portions of the record to resolve the issues appellant has raised. Evidence and factual
findings below that are necessary to address the assignments of error are included in this opinion.
Consequently, “[t]o the extent that this opinion mentions facts found in the sealed record, we
unseal only those specific facts, finding them relevant to the decision in this case. The remainder
of the previously sealed record remains sealed.” Levick v. MacDougall, 294 Va. 283, 288 n.1
(2017).
       2
        Mother has another child who is not the subject of this appeal. The father of her sons
had been deported twice to El Salvador and was not involved in the circuit court hearing.
                                             -2-
       The Department entered into another safety plan with mother. Mother agreed that the

children would stay with her mother and a family friend until September 5, 2017, so that she

could focus on cleaning the house. When the Department went to the house on September 5,

2017, mother and several of her friends were cleaning the house, but it was not ready yet for the

children’s return. Mother and the Department agreed that she could have an additional day to

clean the house. Mother also agreed to submit to a hair follicle test, but she informed the

Department that she would test positive for cocaine.3

       By September 6, 2017, the condition of the house was “a lot better” because mother had

cleaned the floors and refrigerator, as well as removed the safety hazards in the home. The

Department agreed to return the children, but mother had to continue decluttering and maintain

the cleanliness of the home. The Department made a referral for homemaker services to help her

with organization and cleaning.

       In addition, as a result of mother’s cocaine admission and the positive hair follicle test,

the Department referred her for a substance abuse assessment. Despite the Department giving

her multiple opportunities and extensions, mother never attended the substance abuse

assessment. Consequently, the Department sought a child protective order, which the City of

Roanoke Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court (the JDR court) issued on September

22, 2017. The JDR court ordered mother to complete a substance abuse assessment and follow

all recommendations, keep appointments with service providers, maintain the cleanliness of the

home, provide a list of her medications to the Department, ensure that the children attended a

daily development program, and attend a family partnership meeting with the Department.

       Mother attended the family partnership meeting and allowed the Department access to

her prescription records. She also completed the substance abuse assessment and the orientation


       3
           The results of the hair follicle test were positive for cocaine.
                                                    -3-
for the recommended program. However, mother missed so many appointments after the

orientation that she was dropped from the program. Mother also did not keep her appointments

with the program providing homemaker services. She failed to ensure that the children attended

their daily development program; they missed at least eleven days in six weeks and were tardy

numerous times. Due to mother’s lack of compliance with the required services, the Department

filed for an emergency removal order, which the JDR court granted on November 9, 2017.

       On December 14, 2017, the JDR court adjudicated that the children were abused or

neglected. On January 4, 2018, the JDR court entered the dispositional orders. Mother did not

appeal the dispositional orders.

       Once the children entered foster care, the Department informed mother that she had to

maintain stable and clean housing, maintain verifiable income, cooperate with the Department

and its recommendations, submit to random drug screens, complete a substance abuse

assessment and follow all recommendations, participate in a psychiatric evaluation and follow all

recommendations, participate in a psychological and parental capacity assessment, attend

individual counseling, obtain appropriate child care, and attend all visitations.

       Mother never provided verification of her income. She was evicted from her home on

August 16, 2018, and did not provide the Department with a new address. The Department

referred her to several places for individual counseling and a psychiatric assessment. Mother did

not participate in counseling or complete the psychiatric assessment. The Department referred

mother to parenting classes. She attended the first class but missed the next three classes, so she

was removed from the program. The Department referred her to another parenting class, but she

missed the first three classes and was removed again. Mother never completed the parenting

classes. The Department referred mother to drug screens on July 3 and 12, 2018, but she did not

attend either appointment. The Department referred mother to a substance abuse assessment and

                                                -4-
emphasized the importance of attending substance abuse treatment. Mother did not follow

through with the assessment.

         For approximately nine months, the Department arranged weekly visitation between

mother and the children. Mother missed fourteen visits and was late for eleven visits. She did

not appear for her last scheduled visitation on August 21, 2018.

         On October 9, 2018, the JDR court entered orders terminating mother’s parental rights to

her two children and approving the foster care goal of adoption. Mother appealed to the circuit

court.

         On March 12, 2019, the parties appeared before the circuit court, and mother moved for a

continuance. She informed the circuit court that she had been out of town for a family

emergency and was unable to gather some documents, specifically copies of her lease,

employment records, and some counseling records, that she wished to present to the court. The

Department objected to the continuance and argued that mother had had several months to obtain

her documents. The Department noted that the JDR court terminated her parental rights on

October 9, 2018, and the circuit court originally scheduled the hearing for the appeal on January

3, 2019. However, “due to scheduling issues,” the case was continued to March 12, 2019. After

hearing the parties’ arguments, the circuit court denied mother’s motion for a continuance and

held that mother had had “ample time” to gather her documents. The circuit court told mother

that she could testify “as to whatever she like[d],” but the court was “not going to continue the

case at this late hour given the opportunity she had to prepare and failed to do so.”

         The parties proceeded to present their evidence. The Department informed the circuit

court that despite its efforts, it had not had any contact with mother after the JDR court

terminated her parental rights. The Department explained that it did not have a valid address for

mother and that she never provided a current address. Mother’s phone did not always work, so

                                                -5-
the Department was limited to emailing mother at an email address that she provided. Mother

still had not completed substance abuse treatment, counseling, or parenting classes.

       When the children entered foster care, both were diagnosed with autism, and the oldest

child was diagnosed with cerebral palsy also. Neither child was verbal. Since being in foster

care, both children were verbal. The older child had “blossomed” in foster care. He had

received physical and occupational therapy. He attended the Head Start program and was being

tested for the gifted program. The younger child also “flourished” in foster care. He had

received speech and occupational therapy and attended daycare. The Department explained that

the foster families were “willing to make long term commitments to these children.”

       Mother testified that she loved her children and did not want her parental rights

terminated. At the time of the circuit court hearing, she was working two jobs and lived in a

two-bedroom apartment with a roommate.4 She explained that after her mother died on

September 16, 2017, she lost her support system and had a difficult time dealing with the loss.5

Mother admitted to missing two drug screens and never completing substance abuse treatment.

She testified that she last used illegal drugs approximately three weeks earlier and stated that she

had used drugs to cope with pressure and depression.

       Mother admitted that she needed counseling. She had not started individual counseling,

but testified that she had found a counselor. She explained that she would have started

counseling before the circuit court hearing, but she had been out of town due to a death in her

family. Mother further admitted that she had not completed the parenting classes. She




       4
           The lease was in the roommate’s name, not mother’s name.
       5
         The Department referred mother to a grief support group, but it was unaware if she
participated with the group.
                                             -6-
acknowledged that she was late or missed her visitations “a lot of times.” She attributed her

tardiness or absences mostly to transportation issues.

       After hearing all of the evidence and the parties’ arguments, the circuit court found that it

was in the best interests of the children to terminate mother’s parental rights under Code

§ 16.1-283(B) and (C)(2). It also approved the foster care goal of adoption. This appeal

followed.

                                            ANALYSIS

                                   Termination of parental rights

       Mother argues that the circuit court erred in finding that the evidence was sufficient to

terminate her parental rights and approve the foster care goal of adoption.

       “On review, ‘[a] trial court is presumed to have thoroughly weighed all the evidence,

considered the statutory requirements, and made its determination based on the child’s best

interests.’” Castillo v. Loudoun Cty. Dep’t of Family Servs., 68 Va. App. 547, 558 (2018)

(quoting Logan v. Fairfax Cty. Dep’t of Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128 (1991)). “Where, as

here, the court hears the evidence ore tenus, its finding is entitled to great weight and will not be

disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Fauquier Cty. Dep’t

of Soc. Servs. v. Ridgeway, 59 Va. App. 185, 190 (2011) (quoting Martin v. Pittsylvania Cty.

Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 3 Va. App. 15, 20 (1986)).

       The circuit court terminated mother’s parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(B) and

(C)(2). Code § 16.1-283(C)(2) states that a court may terminate parental rights if:

               The parent or parents, without good cause, have been unwilling or
               unable within a reasonable period of time not to exceed 12 months
               from the date the child was placed in foster care to remedy
               substantially the conditions which led to or required continuation
               of the child’s foster care placement, notwithstanding the
               reasonable and appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health
               or other rehabilitative agencies to such end.

                                                -7-
        “[S]ubsection C termination decisions hinge not so much on the magnitude of the

problem that created the original danger to the child, but on the demonstrated failure of the

parent to make reasonable changes.” Yafi, 69 Va. App. at 552 (quoting Toms v. Hanover Dep’t

of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 257, 271 (2005)). “Considerably more ‘retrospective in nature,’

subsection C requires the court to determine whether the parent has been unwilling or unable to

remedy the problems during the period in which he has been offered rehabilitation services.”

Toms, 46 Va. App. at 271 (quoting City of Newport News Dep’t of Soc. Servs. v. Winslow, 40

Va. App. 556, 562-63 (2003)).

        The Department had referred mother to substance abuse treatment, parenting classes,

counseling services, psychiatric services, homemaker services, and a grief support group.

Mother admittedly did not complete any of the required services. Despite the Department’s

emphasis on mother’s need for substance abuse treatment, she never completed treatment and

testified that she had used illegal drugs as recently as three weeks before the circuit court

hearing. The Department also arranged for weekly visitation with the children, but mother

frequently missed or was late to the visitations. The Department “is not required to force its

services upon an unwilling or disinterested parent.” Tackett v. Arlington Cty. Dep’t of Human

Servs., 62 Va. App. 296, 323 (2013) (quoting Harris v. Lynchburg Div. of Soc. Servs., 223 Va.

235, 243 (1982)); see also Logan, 13 Va. App. at 130.

        The circuit court found that mother had not remedied the problems that led to the

children’s placement in foster care. The circuit court further found that the Department offered

programs and services to mother to help her, but she did not “follow up.” Furthermore, the

circuit court found that mother had not demonstrated that she had “the skills necessary to care for

the children” and that she was “not in a position to be a mother to children, certainly not these

two.”

                                                -8-
       Both children had special needs, and after being in foster care for approximately sixteen

months, the children’s needs were being met and they were “thriving.” When they entered foster

care, neither child was verbal. While in foster care, the children had received necessary therapy

and attended school. At the time of the circuit court hearing, both were verbal. The evidence

proved that the children were doing well. The circuit court told mother that the children could

not “simply sit and wait for [her] to get [her] stuff together. They’re growing. They have needs

and they need stability.” “It is clearly not in the best interests of a child to spend a lengthy

period of time waiting to find out when, or even if, a parent will be capable of resuming his [or

her] responsibilities.” Tackett, 62 Va. App. at 322 (quoting Kaywood v. Halifax Cty. Dep’t of

Soc. Servs., 10 Va. App. 535, 540 (1990)).

       Based on the totality of the circumstances, the circuit court did not err in terminating

mother’s parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)(2).6 “When a trial court’s judgment is made

on alternative grounds, we need only consider whether any one of the alternatives is sufficient to

sustain the judgment of the trial court, and if so, we need not address the other grounds.” Kilby

v. Culpeper Cty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 55 Va. App. 106, 108 n.1 (2009); see also Fields v.

Dinwiddie Cty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 1, 8 (2005) (the Court affirmed termination of

parental rights under one subsection of Code § 16.1-283 and did not need to address termination

of parental rights pursuant to another subsection). Therefore, we will not consider whether the

circuit court erred in terminating mother’s parental rights pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(B).




       6
         With respect to mother’s challenge of the foster care goal of adoption, “[o]ur decision to
affirm the termination order necessarily subsumes this aspect of his appeal because a
preponderance-of-the-evidence standard governs judicial modifications of foster care plans.”
Toms, 46 Va. App. at 265 n.3.
                                              -9-
                                      Motion for continuance

       Mother argues that the circuit court erred by denying her motion for a continuance. She

asserts that she needed additional time to gather necessary documents to present as evidence.

She contends that the circuit court’s denial of her motion prevented her “from being able to

adequately defend the case against her.”

       “The decision to grant a motion for a continuance is within the sound discretion of the

circuit court and must be considered in view of the circumstances unique to each case.” Haugen

v. Shenandoah Valley Dep’t of Soc. Services, 274 Va. 27, 34 (2007). “The circuit court’s ruling

on a motion for a continuance will be rejected on appeal only upon a showing of abuse of

discretion and resulting prejudice to the movant.” Id.

       As the circuit court found, mother had “ample time” to gather her documents in

preparation for trial. Mother noted her appeal of the JDR court ruling in October 2018; the

circuit court hearing was in March 2019. Furthermore, the hearing already had been continued

from an earlier date in January 2019, giving mother an additional two months to prepare and

assemble her evidence.

       Mother was present at the circuit court hearing and had an opportunity to testify about her

current circumstances. She testified about her housing and employment situation. She also

stated her intention to seek counseling. Mother has not shown that the circuit court would have

reached a different conclusion if it had the documents that merely would have corroborated her

testimony. Thus, she failed to demonstrate any prejudice. Contrary to mother’s arguments, the

circuit court did not abuse its discretion in denying her motion for a continuance.

                                           CONCLUSION

       For all of the foregoing reasons, the circuit court’s ruling is affirmed.

                                                                                        Affirmed.

                                               - 10 -
