AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed August 21, 2014.




                                         S   In The
                                Court of Appeals
                         Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                      No. 05-13-00589-CV

                        JORDAN & JENNIFER DONTOS, Appellant
                                       V.
                      BANCO POPULAR NORTH AMERICA, Appellee

                       On Appeal from the 68th Judicial District Court
                                   Dallas County, Texas
                           Trial Court Cause No. DC-07-14576-C

                              MEMORANDUM OPINION
                         Before Justices Moseley, O'Neill, and FitzGerald
                                    Opinion by Justice O'Neill
       Appellants Jordan and Jennifer Dontos appeal a summary judgment in favor of appellee

Banco Popular North America. In a single point of error, appellants contend the trial court erred

in granting summary judgment because material fact issues exist. For the following reasons, we

affirm the trial court’s judgment.

       Crave, LLC, as franchisee, entered into a vending machine franchise agreement with

24Seven Vending (USA), as franchisor. Appellants are the owners of Crave and guaranteed its

performance of the franchise agreement.       To finance the franchise fee and other business

expenses, Crave obtained a small business loan from Banco Popular and executed a promissory

note. Appellants guaranteed the note. After Banco Popular released the funds for the franchise

fee, appellants discovered that 24Seven had just gone into receivership and its successor Bacon
Whitney was not financially stable. Crave subsequently defaulted on the note and appellants

defaulted on their guaranty.

        Crave and appellants sued several defendants, including 24Seven, Bacon Whitney

Corporation, and Banco Popular in connection with fraud related to the franchise agreement.

Banco Popular answered and filed counterclaims against Crave on the note and appellants on

their personal guaranty. Appellants subsequently obtained a default judgment against 24Seven

and Bacon Whitney for $1.5 million in actual damages and $4.5 million in punitive damages.

       Banco Popular filed motions for summary judgment on its affirmative claims and on

appellants’ claims against it.   The trial court granted Banco Popular’s motions and rendered a

take-nothing judgment against appellants on their claims and in favor of Banco Popular on the

note and the guaranty.

       On appeal, in a single issue, appellants contend the trial court erred in granting the

summary judgments. To prevail on a traditional motion for summary judgment, a movant must

show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the movant is entitled to

judgment as a matter of law. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c); Little v. Tex. Dep’t of Criminal Justice,

148 S.W.3d 374, 381 (Tex. 2004). The burden is on the party appealing from a trial court

judgment to show the judgment is erroneous. Englander Co. v. Kennedy, 428 S.W.2d 806, 806

(Tex. 1968). A party appealing a summary judgment must challenge all possible grounds on

which the judgment could have been based. Jarvis v. Rocanville Corp., 298 S.W.3d 305, 314

(Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, pet. denied).

       In their petition, appellants alleged claims against all of the defendants generally. They

asserted claims for violations of certain state and federal franchise laws, DTPA violations, fraud,

breach of contract, tortious interference, civil conspiracy, aiding and abetting, and negligent




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misrepresentation. Appellants claims all arose from misrepresentations concerning the franchise

agreement transaction.

       With respect to Banco Popular, they alleged it, “[a]s a party to the loan transaction, a part

of the franchise transaction . . . knew, or with the exercise of reasonable care, should have known

. . . that there was a material change in financial circumstances and identity of the

franchisor/recipient of the loan proceeds.” It asserted Banco Popular had a duty to, but did not,

disclose this “information” to them.

       On appeal, appellants first assert the trial court erred in granting summary judgment on

their claims arising from violations of the Texas Business Opportunity Act and the Federal

Franchise Rules which were “in turn violations of the DTPA and the Washington Franchise

Act.” Banco Popular moved for summary judgment asserting that both the Texas Business

Opportunity Act and the Federal Franchise rules applied only to claims against a defendant that

had entered into a franchise agreement. Appellants have not challenged this ground for summary

judgment. Instead, they assert summary judgment on their DTPA claim was improper because

the DTPA does not require “privity.” However, appellants have not identified any DTPA

violation other than violations of the Texas Business Opportunity Act and the Federal Franchise

Rules. Absent a showing Banco Popular violated those provisions, appellants have likewise

failed to show summary judgment on their DTPA claim was error.

       Appellants next complain the trial court erred in granting Banco Popular’s motion for

summary judgment on their fraud claim. Banco Popular moved for summary judgment on

appellants’ fraud claim asserting it did not make any representations to appellants regarding the

franchise agreement. On appeal, appellants assert summary judgment was improper because

they presented summary judgment evidence that Banco Popular failed to disclosure material

information to appellants that it knew or “should have known.”

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       Fraud by nondisclosure is considered a subcategory of fraud. Schlumberger Tech. Corp.

v. Swanson, 959 S.W.2d 171, 181 (Tex. 1997); Blackinship v. Brown, 399 S.W.3d 303, 308 (Tex.

App.—Dallas 2013, pet. denied). To establish fraud by nondisclosure, appellants must prove (1)

the defendant failed to disclose facts to the plaintiff, (2) the defendant had a duty to disclose

those facts, (3) the facts were material, (4) the defendant knew the plaintiff was ignorant of the

facts and the plaintiff did not have an equal opportunity to discover the facts, (5) the defendant

was deliberately silent when it had a duty to speak, (6) by failing to disclose the facts, the

defendant intended to induce the plaintiff to take some action or refrain from acting, (7) the

plaintiff relied on the defendant’s nondisclosure, and (8) the plaintiff was injured as a result of

acting without that knowledge. Blackinship, 399 S.W.3d at 308; Horizon Shipbuilding, Inc. v.

Blyn II Holding, LLC, 324 S.W.3d 840, 850 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2010, no pet.).

Here, appellants have presented no evidence of any “fact” Banco Popular was aware of and

failed to disclose. They nevertheless assert Banco Popular should have investigated and, had

they done so, they would have discovered the change in financial condition of the franchisor and

would then have had a duty to disclose that fact to appellants.

       To be actionable, a failure to disclose material information necessarily requires the

defendant have known the information and have failed to bring it to the plaintiff’s attention. See

Doe v. Boys Club of Greater Dallas, Inc., 907 S.W.2d 472, 479 (Tex. 1995) (failure to disclose

under DTPA). There is also no duty if a defendant fails to disclose material facts it “should have

known.” Id. (citing Prudential Ins. Co. of Am. v. Jefferson Assoc., Inc., 896 S.W.2d 156, 162

(Tex. 1995)). We conclude appellants have failed to show the trial court erred in granting Banco

Popular’s motion for summary judgment on their fraud claim.

       Appellants also contend summary judgment was improper on their claims for civil

conspiracy. To support this contention, appellants merely recite the elements of conspiracy and

                                                –4–
assert “[t]hese elements are all provided by [a]ppellants’ summary judgment proof.”          The

appellate rules require an appellant’s brief to contain a clear and concise argument for the

contentions made. TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i). A point of error not adequately supported by either

argument or authorities is waived. Huey v. Huey, 200 S.W.3d 851, 854 (Tex. App.—Dallas

2006, no pet.). We conclude this issue is inadequately briefed and presenting nothing to review.

See Kupchynsky v. Nardiello, 230 S.W.3d 685, 692 (Tex .App.—Dallas 2007, pet. denied).

       Finally, appellants contend summary judgment was improper on their claim for negligent

misrepresentation. The elements of a cause of action for negligent misrepresentation are: (1) a

representation is made by a defendant in the course of his business, or in a transaction in which

he has a pecuniary interest; (2) the defendant supplies ‘false information’ for the guidance of

others in their business; (3) the defendant did not exercise reasonable care or competence in

obtaining or communicating the information; and (4) the plaintiff suffers pecuniary loss by

justifiably relying on the representation. Federal Land Bank Ass’n v. Sloane, 825 S.W.2d 439,

442 (Tex. 1991). Under this argument, appellants recite these elements and assert they raised a

fact issue because Banco Popular “knew or should have known that there was or may have been

a material change in the conditions surrounding the loan.” Appellants cite no authority that a

nondisclosure can support a negligent misrepresentation claim and the only authority they do cite

does not support their contention. We conclude they have failed to show the trial court erred in

granting summary judgment on their negligent misrepresentation claim.

       We affirm the trial court’s judgment.




                                                     /Michael J. O'Neill/
                                                     MICHAEL J. O'NEILL
130589F.P05                                          JUSTICE

                                               –5–
                                         S
                               Court of Appeals
                        Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                       JUDGMENT

JORDAN & JENNIFER DONTOS,                            On Appeal from the 68th Judicial District
Appellants                                           Court, Dallas County, Texas
                                                     Trial Court Cause No. DC-07-14576-C.
No. 05-13-00589-CV         V.                        Opinion delivered by Justice O'Neill.
                                                     Justices Moseley and FitzGerald
Banco Popular North America, Appellee                participating.

     In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED.

       It is ORDERED that appellee Banco Popular North America recover its costs of this
appeal from appellants JORDAN & JENNIFER DONTOS.


Judgment entered this 21st day of August, 2014.




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