                              STATE OF MINNESOTA
                              IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                    A14-1652

                                Wayzata Nissan, LLC,
                                    Appellant,

                                           v.

                              Nissan North America, Inc.,
                                     Respondent,

                              Stephen J. McDaniels, et al.,
                                     Respondents.

                                 Filed June 15, 2015
                               Affirmed; motion denied
                                  Rodenberg, Judge

                             Hennepin County District Court
                       File Nos. 27-CV-14-12789 and 27-CV-14-1

Christopher W. Madel, Aaron R. Thom, Nicole S. Frank, Robins Kaplan, LLP,
Minneapolis, Minnesota (for appellant)

John Rock, Bruce L. Gisi, Rock Law LLC, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and

Brandon L. Bigelow (pro hac vice), Seyfarth Shaw LLP, Boston, Massachusetts (for
respondent Nissan North America, Inc.)

Lawrence R. Commers, Timothy J. Grande, Patrick C. Summers, DeWitt, Mackall
Crounse & Moore S.C., Minneapolis, Minnesota (for respondents Stephen J. McDaniels,
et al.)

      Considered and decided by Rodenberg, Presiding Judge; Johnson, Judge; and

Stoneburner, Judge.*




*
 Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to
Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10.
                                      SYLLABUS

         When a new motor vehicle dealership1 is sold and then relocated to a location less

than five miles from its original location and more than five miles distant from another

dealer of the same line make, the safe-harbor provision of the Minnesota Motor Vehicle

Sale and Distribution Act, Minn. Stat. § 80E.14, subd. 1 (2014),2 is applied at the time of

the relocation.     Relocation of a newly-acquired dealership within the safe-harbor

provision requires neither notice to another dealer in the relevant market area nor a good-

cause hearing.

                                        OPINION

RODENBERG, Judge

         Appellant Wayzata Nissan, LLC challenges the district court’s denial of a

temporary restraining order against respondents Stephen McDaniels, EP Motors, Inc.,

McEP Investments, LLC, and Nissan North America, Inc., seeking to enjoin relocation of

a Nissan dealership to a new location within ten miles of appellant’s existing dealership.

Because the relocating dealer meets the requirements of the safe-harbor provision of

Minn. Stat. § 80E.14, subd. 1, we affirm.




1
  “New motor vehicle dealer” is defined by Minn. Stat. § 80E.03, subd. 3 (2014) and
refers to one who sells “new [not used] motor vehicles to consumers . . . and who holds a
valid . . . agreement, franchise, or contract granted by a manufacturer.”
2
    We refer to the 2014 statutes as they are unchanged from the 2012 statutes.

                                              2
                                         FACTS

       This appeal arises from the sale of a Bloomington Nissan dealership to

McDaniels,3 facilitated by respondent Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan NA), a Nissan

manufacturer, with the intention of relocating the dealership to Eden Prairie to a new

location within ten miles of appellant’s existing Nissan dealership.

       Sale of Feldmann Nissan

       Feldmann Imports, Inc. (Feldmann) operated a Nissan dealership in Bloomington.

On March 21, 2014, Feldmann executed an asset purchase agreement (APA) with

Lupient Automotive Group, Inc. to sell the dealership. Feldmann conditioned the sale on

the purchaser relocating the dealership to Eden Prairie, as Feldmann planned to use the

existing Bloomington facility for other ventures. On April 15, 2014, Nissan NA (a

manufacturer of new motor vehicles, with multiple Minnesota franchises) exercised its

right of first refusal, stepping into the shoes of the purchaser under the APA. On May 2,

2014, Nissan NA assigned its rights to McDaniels. On July 28, 2014, McDaniels entered

into an APA with Feldmann to purchase the dealership and relocate it to Eden Prairie.

       Appellant, which operates a Nissan dealership in Wayzata, learned of the potential

sale of Feldmann’s dealership and, on May 1, 2014, sent a letter to Nissan NA alleging

that Nissan NA was conspiring to open a dealership 7.6 miles from appellant’s dealership

and notifying Nissan NA that appellant might seek injunctive relief. Nissan NA replied,

stating that it was not required to provide notice to appellant because it planned to


3
  McDaniels and his corporate entities, EP Motors, Inc. and McEP Investments, LLC, are
referred to collectively as McDaniels.

                                             3
“permit Feldmann [Nissan] and/or its successor in interest to relocate its Nissan

dealership” pursuant to a safe-harbor provision in the Minnesota Motor Vehicle Sale and

Distribution Act (MVSDA).4

          In July 2014, appellant moved the district court for a temporary restraining order

(TRO) to prevent McDaniels from operating a Nissan dealership in Eden Prairie, and

requested an expedited good-cause hearing under the MVSDA. The district court denied

the motion for a TRO, concluding that McDaniels was not an “existing dealer” under the

statute at that time, but that the existing dealer safe-harbor provision of Minn. Stat.

§ 80E.14, subd. 1, applies when a manufacturer intends to relocate an existing dealership,

even if that relocation coincides with a transfer of the dealership to a new owner. This

interlocutory appeal from the denial of appellant’s motion followed.

          On the same day the TRO was denied, McDaniels began operating the Nissan

dealership purchased from Feldmann at the Bloomington location, subleasing the

building from Feldmann.          On November 1, 2014 McDaniels began operating the

dealership at the Eden Prairie location, within ten miles of appellant’s dealership.

                                           ISSUES

     I.   Is this appeal moot?

    II.   Did the district court err in denying appellant’s motion for temporary injunctive

          relief?



4
  Nissan NA also filed suit in federal district court for a declaratory judgment that the
relocation of the Bloomington dealership to the Eden Prairie location was permissible
under the MVSDA.

                                              4
                                        ANALYSIS

                                              I.

         “It is well settled that if, pending an appeal, an event occurs which renders it

impossible to grant any relief to appellant, or which makes a decision unnecessary, the

appeal will be dismissed as presenting a moot question.” In re Twp. of Glendale, Scott

Cnty., 180 N.W.2d 925, 927 (Minn. 1970). But an appeal is not moot “if [a party] could

be afforded effectual relief.” Hous. & Redev. Auth. ex rel. City of Richfield v. Walser

Auto Sales, Inc., 641 N.W.2d 885, 891 (Minn. 2002).

         Respondents argue that, because the TRO sought by appellant was limited to

prohibiting the relocation, and because McDaniels relocated the Nissan dealership to the

Eden Prairie location in November 2014, effective relief is no longer possible and this

appeal is therefore moot.

         Appellant responds that effective relief remains available, noting that, at a

preliminary hearing before the district court, the parties discussed McDaniels’ awareness

that, if the district court’s denial of a TRO were reversed on appeal, McDaniels might be

enjoined from operating the relocated dealership in Eden Prairie.5


5
    The following discussion was had on July 30, 2014:
                THE COURT: . . . it sounds like [appellant is] saying, “Go
                ahead [McDaniels], keep readying the [Eden Prairie] site if
                you want to, but you do so at your peril in the sense that you
                might lose.”
                MCDANIELS’ ATTORNEY: Uh-huh, agree.
                THE COURT: You might lose this.
                MCDANIELS’ ATTORNEY: Agree.
                THE COURT: But that’s just a risk you’re willing to take.
                MCDANIELS’ ATTORNEY: That’s right.

                                              5
        Effective relief remains available despite McDaniels having relocated. If we were

to reverse and remand, the district court could enjoin McDaniels from operating the Eden

Prairie dealership pending a good-cause hearing. That McDaniels is now operating a

dealership at the new location does not prevent continued operations there from being

enjoined, if appropriate. Because effective relief could still be granted, this appeal is not

moot.

        McDaniels separately argues that this appeal has been mooted during its pendency

by the district court having dismissed the claims against it. Appellant responds that there

remain live claims in the district court because appellant’s claims against Nissan have not

been dismissed and final judgment has not been entered.

        Because no judgment has been entered, the dismissal of the claims against

McDaniels is not final and could be revised “at any time before the entry of judgment

adjudicating all the claims and the rights and liabilities of the parties.” Minn. R. Civ. P.

54.02. Moreover, even if the district court were to enter partial judgment under Minn. R.

Civ. P. 54.02, which it has not, appellant could elect to appeal and the appeal from the

denial of appellant’s motion for a TRO would not be mooted until appellant had

exhausted its appellate remedies. Because appellant retains a viable interest in the claims

asserted against McDaniels, this appeal is not moot because of the district court’s

dismissal of the claims against McDaniels.


              THE COURT: It must have been a risk you’re willing to take
              from -- your client was willing to take from day one, this
              statute has been around.
              MCDANIELS’ ATTORNEY: Sure.

                                             6
       We also observe that the issues raised in this appeal are relevant to the merits of

the case. This appeal from the denial of appellant’s motion for a TRO concerns the

limitations on establishing and relocating new motor vehicle dealerships under Minn.

Stat. § 80E.14 (2014), and the district court’s denial of the motion for a TRO, as well as

its dismissal of appellant’s claims against McDaniels, was based on the same reasoning

under the same statutory provision. The issue of whether Minn. Stat. § 80E.14 applies to

this particular relocation goes to the heart of this case. Expedient resolution of this issue

will serve the interests of judicial efficiency.

       This appeal is not moot and we therefore deny the motion of the McDaniels

respondents to dismiss the appeal on that basis.

                                               II.

       Appellant argues that the district court erred in denying its motion for a TRO by

interpreting the MVSDA to allow McDaniels to relocate the former Feldmann dealership

from Bloomington to Eden Prairie under the safe-harbor provision in Minn. Stat.

§ 80E.14, subd. 1.

       We review a district court’s broad discretion in granting or denying temporary

injunctive relief for abuse of that discretion.6 U.S. Bank Nat’l Ass’n v. Angeion Corp.,

615 N.W.2d 425, 434 (Minn. App. 2000), review denied (Minn. Oct. 25, 2000). “On


6
  The district court here concluded that the temporary injunction decision was governed
by the requirements of the MVSDA and it did not analyze the Dahlberg factors.
Dahlberg Bros., Inc. v. Ford Motor Co., 137 N.W.2d 314, 321-22 (Minn. 1965). The
parties do not challenge on appeal the district court’s exclusive focus on the MVSDA in
denying the injunction motion, and we therefore proceed with our analysis based on the
record and arguments as presented.

                                               7
review, we consider the facts in the light most favorable to the prevailing party.” Metro.

Sports Facilities Comm’n v. Minnesota Twins P’ship, 638 N.W.2d 214, 220 (Minn. App.

2002), review denied (Minn. Feb. 4, 2002).         “A district court’s findings regarding

entitlement to injunctive relief will not be set aside unless clearly erroneous,” Haley v.

Forcelle, 669 N.W.2d 48, 55 (Minn. App. 2003), review denied (Minn. Nov. 25, 2003),

but we review statutory interpretation de novo, Burkstrand v. Burkstrand, 632 N.W.2d

206, 209 (Minn. 2001). And, as discussed below, this case of first impression turns on

interpretation and application of Minn. Stat. § 80E.14, subd. 1.

       The MVSDA governs contracts between new motor vehicle dealers and

manufacturers to promote the public interest and welfare by regulating these entities.

Minn. Stat. §§ 80E.01-.02 (2014).         The MVSDA includes a section governing

establishment of “an additional new motor vehicle dealership or relocating an existing

new motor vehicle dealership within or into a relevant market area where the line make is

then represented.” Minn. Stat. § 80E.14, subd. 1. The “relevant market area” is defined

as “a radius of ten miles around an existing dealership.” Id. The statute requires that a

“manufacturer shall, in writing, first notify each new motor vehicle dealer in this line

make in the relevant market area of the intention to establish an additional dealership or

to relocate an existing dealership within or into [the relevant] market area.” Id. To

challenge such a proposed relocation, a dealership must, within 30 days of receiving the

notice or “within 30 days after the end of any appeal procedure provided by the

manufacturer . . . commence a civil action in a court of competent jurisdiction.” Id.




                                             8
       The third paragraph of section 80E.14, subdivision 1 includes a safe-harbor

provision concerning relocation of existing dealers. It provides that “relocation of an

existing dealer within its area of responsibility . . . shall not be subject to this section, if

the proposed relocation site is within five miles of its existing location and is not within a

radius of five miles of an existing dealer of the same line make.” Id. The safe-harbor

provision does not reference the manufacturer, but limits the provision to “relocation of

an existing dealer within its area of responsibility as defined in the franchise agreement.”

Id. (emphasis added). This safe-harbor provision, referred to colloquially as the “5-and-5

rule,” exempts a relocation from all requirements of the section when an existing dealer

relocates to a new location within ten miles of another new motor vehicle dealership in

that relevant market area so long as the “relocation site is within five miles of its existing

location and is not within a radius of five miles of an existing dealer of the same line

make.” Id.

       The parties agree that the Eden Prairie Nissan dealership is within appellant’s

“area of responsibility” as defined in the franchise agreement and “relevant market area”

as defined under the statute. They also agree that the relocation of the dealership from

Bloomington to Eden Prairie complies with the 5-and-5 rule.                The district court

concluded, and the parties agree on appeal, that the “only dispute” is whether McDaniels

qualifies as an “existing dealer,” such that the statute’s safe-harbor provision applies to

exempt Nissan NA from the notification and good-cause hearing requirements. The

dealer at the Bloomington location was Feldmann when the relocation was first

contemplated, but the dealer was McDaniels after July 28, 2014.


                                               9
      The objective of statutory interpretation is to “ascertain and effectuate the

intention of the legislature.” Minn. Stat. § 645.16 (2014); Amaral v. Saint Cloud Hosp.,

598 N.W.2d 379, 384 (Minn. 1999). Statutory interpretation begins with a determination

of whether a statute’s language is clear or ambiguous, on its face. Gomon v. Northland

Family Physicians, Ltd., 645 N.W.2d 413, 416 (Minn. 2002).             “A statute is only

ambiguous if its language is subject to more than one reasonable interpretation.”

Christianson v. Henke, 831 N.W.2d 532, 537 (Minn. 2013). If the statutory language is

unambiguous, we do not engage in any further construction and instead look to the

statute’s plain meaning. Gomon, 645 N.W.2d at 416; see also Leifur v. Leifur, 820

N.W.2d 40, 43 (Minn. App. 2012) (noting “meritorious policy arguments” were rejected

because we “may not disregard unambiguous statutory language”).

      Every law should be interpreted “to give effect to all its provisions,” if possible.

Minn. Stat. § 645.16. “In ascertaining legislative intent a statute is to be construed as a

whole so as to harmonize and give effect to all its parts, and where possible, no word,

phrase, or sentence will be held superfluous, void, or insignificant.” Anderson v. Comm'r

of Taxation, 253 Minn. 528, 533, 93 N.W.2d 523, 528 (1958). But courts “will not read

into a statute a provision that the legislature has omitted, either purposely or

inadvertently.” Reiter v. Kiffmeyer, 721 N.W.2d 908, 911 (Minn. 2006).

      The district court interpreted Minn. Stat. § 80E.14, subd. 1, to require a

determination of “what point in time [the district court] should view the facts to decide

whether a dealer is an ‘existing dealer.’” The district court concluded that the relevant

point in time is when “the manufacturer developed a sufficiently definite intention” to


                                            10
relocate a dealership.    It then concluded that Nissan NA intended to relocate the

Feldmann Nissan dealership “on May 8, 2014, at the latest.” Therefore, it concluded,

McDaniels was not the existing dealer of the Nissan dealership at that time. Next, the

district court determined that “existing dealer,” as used in the safe-harbor provision of the

statute, “is not limited to ‘dealers’ in the personal sense, and may apply where, as here, a

manufacturer intends to relocate a dealership that is operating pursuant to an existing

franchise, even if a different franchise agreement will be in place after the relocation.”

Under this definition of “existing dealer,” the district court concluded that the

Bloomington Nissan dealership, then owned by Feldmann but later acquired by

McDaniels, was an existing dealership able to be relocated under the safe-harbor

provision. The district court therefore denied the motion for a temporary injunction.

       No reported case in Minnesota addresses the question of when, for purposes of the

safe-harbor provision in Minn. Stat. § 80E.14, subd. 1, a relocating dealer is properly

considered an “existing dealer.”

       We begin our de novo statutory interpretation by considering the safe-harbor

provision. The safe-harbor provision relates to relocation of “an existing dealer” to a new

location within five miles of its current location and at least five miles from “an existing

dealer of the same line make.” Minn. Stat. § 80E.14, subd. 1. While “existing dealer” is

not defined by the MVSDA, the statute defines a “dealer” as “a person who . . . is

engaged in the business of selling new motor vehicles . . . and who holds a valid sales and

service agreement, franchise, or contract, granted by a manufacturer, distributor, or

wholesaler for the sale of its motor vehicles.”      See Minn. Stat. § 80E.03, subd. 3.


                                             11
Manufacturers are not mentioned in the safe-harbor provision. Minn. Stat. § 80E.14,

subd. 1.

       The term “dealership,” undefined by the MVSDA but used in various sections of

it, is absent from the safe-harbor provision. The safe-harbor provision refers only to

existing dealers and provides that the “relocation of an existing dealer . . . within five

miles of its existing location” exempts the existing dealer from the notice and good-cause

hearing requirements if the relocation is also “not within a radius of five miles of an

existing dealer of the same line make.” Minn. Stat. § 80E.14, subd. 1. The plain

language of the statute requires that we consider the status of the relocating dealer at the

time of the relocation. Nothing in the statute requires or suggests examination of the

legal status of the relocating dealer at any point other than at the time of relocation.

       Here, on and after July 28, 2014, McDaniels was the existing dealer operating the

Nissan dealership in Bloomington. At the time of the relocation in November 2014,

McDaniels had operated as a Nissan dealer in Bloomington for over three months.

McDaniels then relocated within five miles of “its existing location” to a new location at

least five miles from appellant, triggering application of the safe-harbor provision. Under

the plain language of the statute, the relocation required neither notice to appellant nor a

good-cause hearing.

       That Nissan NA exercised its right of first refusal and intended the eventual

relocation before McDaniels became a dealer at the former Feldmann dealership location

has no effect on the application of the safe-harbor provision. The safe-harbor provision

by its terms applies to the relocation of existing dealers. It exempts manufacturers and


                                              12
dealers from all of the requirements of Minn. Stat. § 80E.14, including the notification

requirements of Minn. Stat. § 80E.14, subd. 1, that would otherwise apply when a

manufacturer seeks to establish a new dealership or relocate an existing dealership into an

existing dealer’s relevant market area. And nothing in the safe-harbor provision indicates

that the time for determining whether the safe-harbor provision applies is when the

intention to relocate is first formed. See id. “Existing dealer” must be determined at the

time of relocation as the plain language of the safe-harbor provision states that existing

dealers “shall not be subject to this section” if they comply with the 5-and-5 rule. Id.

Because McDaniels was an existing dealer at the time of relocation, and because its

relocation falls within the 5-and-5 safe-harbor rule, the relocation is not subject to the

requirements of Minn. Stat. § 80E.14, subd. 1. The district court did not err in denying

appellant’s motion for a TRO.

                                     DECISION

       The notification and good-cause hearing requirements in Minn. Stat. § 80E.14,

subd. 1, do not apply here because the safe-harbor provision exempted McDaniels from

these requirements.    McDaniels was an existing dealer when it relocated to a new

location within five miles of its existing location and at least five miles from appellant’s

existing dealership of the same line make.

       Affirmed; motion denied.




                                             13
