                           ILLINOIS OFFICIAL REPORTS
                                        Appellate Court




                           People v. Buckner, 2013 IL App (2d) 130083




Appellate Court            THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v.
Caption                    BRIDGETTE L. BUCKNER, Defendant-Appellant.



District & No.             Second District
                           Docket No. 2-13-0083


Filed                      September 24, 2013


Held                       The appellate court affirmed defendant’s guilty pleas to two counts of
(Note: This syllabus       insurance fraud and one count of wire fraud and the sentences imposed,
constitutes no part of     notwithstanding defendant’s contentions that the insurance fraud counts
the opinion of the court   should have been merged under the one-act, one-crime doctrine and that
but has been prepared      the imposition of consecutive sentences was an abuse of discretion, since
by the Reporter of         defendant forfeited the merger claim by failing to file a motion to
Decisions for the          withdraw her guilty plea, and under the circumstances, including
convenience of the         fraudulently collecting death benefits for her husband and various
reader.)
                           children, consecutive sentences were appropriate.


Decision Under             Appeal from the Circuit Court of Du Page County, No. 09-CF-1941; the
Review                     Hon. John J. Kinsella, Judge, presiding.



Judgment                   Affirmed.
Counsel on                 Thomas A. Lilien and Christopher McCoy, both of State Appellate
Appeal                     Defender’s Office, of Elgin, for appellant.

                           Robert B. Berlin, State’s Attorney, of Wheaton (Lisa Anne Hoffman and
                           Kristin M. Schwind, Assistant State’s Attorneys, of counsel), for the
                           People.


Panel                      JUSTICE JORGENSEN delivered the judgment of the court, with
                           opinion.
                           Presiding Justice Burke and Justice Hutchinson concurred in the
                           judgment and opinion.




                                             OPINION

¶1          Defendant, Bridgette L. Buckner, pleaded guilty to two counts of insurance fraud (720
        ILCS 5/46-1(a) (West 2008)) and one count of wire fraud (720 ILCS 5/17-24(a)(1)(A) (West
        2008)). The circuit court of Du Page County sentenced her to eight years’ imprisonment. On
        appeal, she contends that two of her convictions should have been merged under the one-act,
        one-crime doctrine and that the trial court abused its discretion in giving her consecutive
        sentences under section 5-8-4(b) of the Unified Code of Corrections (730 ILCS 5/5-8-4(b)
        (West 2008)). Because defendant forfeited any challenge to her convictions under the one-
        act, one-crime rule when she failed to file a motion to withdraw her guilty plea, and because
        the trial court did not abuse its discretion in imposing consecutive sentences pursuant to
        section 5-8-4(b), we affirm.

¶2                                       I. BACKGROUND
¶3          Defendant was indicted on two counts of insurance fraud (720 ILCS 5/46-1(a) (West
        2008)), two counts of wire fraud (720 ILCS 5/17-24(a)(1)(A), (B)(i) (West 2008)), and two
        counts of mail fraud (720 ILCS 5/17-24(b)(1) (West 2008)) related to her submission of two
        fraudulent life insurance claims through her previous employer. Pursuant to an agreement
        with the State, defendant pleaded guilty to count I (insurance fraud), count II (insurance
        fraud), and count IV (wire fraud), and the remaining counts were nol-prossed.
¶4          At the guilty plea proceeding, defendant’s attorney characterized the guilty plea as a
        “blind plea.” However, the State moved to nol-pros the remaining counts “based upon
        [defendant’s] plea.” Further, the trial court, in admonishing defendant, referred several times
        to the plea “agreement.” The trial court also advised defendant that the remaining charges
        would be dismissed “pursuant to [her] plea.” The trial court added that there was “no


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       agreement as to what the sentence [would] be.” After being admonished, defendant
       “accept[ed] the agreement.”
¶5          Defendant failed to personally appear on the original date for sentencing, and the matter
       was continued. On the next sentencing date, the trial court found that defendant, who was
       absent again, had willfully failed to appear. The trial court conducted the sentencing in
       defendant’s absence, although her attorney was present.
¶6          The following facts are taken from the sentencing hearing. Defendant began working for
       Hallmark Insurance Corporation (Hallmark) in March 2008. As part of her employment, she
       enrolled in a life insurance plan for her husband in the amount of $15,000 and for each of her
       three children in the amount of $10,000. In April 2008, defendant submitted a claim for life
       insurance, supported by a death certificate for the purported death of one of her children. The
       claim was approved, and she received a check for $10,000. She was also paid for five days
       of bereavement leave based on the death of her child.
¶7          In September 2008, on the day before she was scheduled to return to work after an injury-
       related absence, she called into work and stated that her husband, who was an FBI agent, had
       been killed in the line of duty. She thereafter made a claim for the $15,000 death benefit
       under the life insurance policy at Hallmark. In doing so, she included her husband’s death
       certificate.
¶8          After defendant claimed the life insurance based on her husband’s asserted death,
       Hallmark contacted the security department at its parent company. The security department
       initiated an investigation into both of defendant’s life insurance claims. The investigation
       revealed that defendant had submitted a fraudulent death certificate in support of each of
       those claims. The death certificates had been signed by a medical representative who had not
       been with the health department for many years and by a funeral director who had not been
       associated with the particular funeral home for seven or eight years. The death certificates
       appeared as though they had been “whited out and retyped.”
¶9          The investigators interviewed defendant at the end of September 2008. Initially,
       defendant denied submitting false claims for life insurance benefits as to both her child and
       her husband. It was only after the two investigators stated that they were retired FBI agents,
       and would know if her husband had been killed in the line of duty, that defendant confessed
       that both life insurance claims were false. Although defendant offered to pay back the
       $10,000, she admitted she did not have that amount of money.
¶ 10        Further evidence showed that employees at Hallmark had been very sympathetic about
       defendant’s child’s death and had collected money and given it to defendant. Defendant had
       also submitted her own short-term disability claim based on her husband’s death. It was also
       learned that defendant had forged the college diploma that she included with her employment
       application at Hallmark.
¶ 11        Defendant had previously submitted life insurance claims on her husband and children
       when she worked for an employer known as HSBC. She was paid over $60,000 on those
       claims in 2007. In that situation, she used altered documents that were similar to, and
       contained the “same misspelled words” as, those that she had submitted in this case.
¶ 12        One of Hallmark’s investigators discovered that, after leaving her employment at

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       Hallmark, defendant went to work for a company named LifeWatch. While at the new
       company, defendant claimed that one of her children, whom she had sought life insurance
       benefits on twice before, had died. Although defendant did not have any life insurance on
       that child, she did receive an outpouring of sympathy and some flowers. One of the
       investigators opined that, based on her experience, the false insurance claims at the three
       employers showed that defendant was “out to commit fraud with each employer that she
       went to work for.”
¶ 13       A postal inspector assigned to investigate mail fraud was advised by a bank investigator
       in 2009 that defendant was suspected of fraudulently obtaining a credit card in someone
       else’s name. The investigation revealed that defendant had created three fraudulent bank
       accounts from which she obtained several thousand dollars.
¶ 14        In 2010, as part of that mail fraud investigation, the Streamwood police department
       stopped defendant as she was driving. During the traffic stop, defendant presented a driver’s
       license in her mother’s name. After persisting that she was her mother, defendant eventually
       admitted her true identity at the police station.
¶ 15        The police inventoried defendant’s vehicle and discovered a credit card in someone else’s
       name, a wallet containing a driver’s license of someone other than defendant, and numerous
       slips of paper and envelopes containing the personal information, such as addresses, social
       security numbers, and birth dates, of approximately 40 people who had worked with
       defendant at LifeWatch. It was later determined that defendant had defrauded about 16 of
       those people for over $34,000.
¶ 16        An investigator from the Du Page County State’s Attorney’s office, in attempting to
       locate defendant after she had failed to appear at her sentencing, discovered that the address
       she had provided as part of her presentence report was for her mother’s residence at a senior
       living facility. There was no evidence that defendant had ever lived at that address, and,
       according to the terms of the lease, she would not have been allowed to live there.
¶ 17        After hearing arguments, the trial court imposed sentence, noting that the “facts [were]
       particularly egregious in terms of the audacity of [defendant’s] conduct.” The trial court
       observed that defendant committed a similar fraud while employed at HSBC and that she
       was involved in ongoing fraudulent behavior when she was arrested in this case. The trial
       court was concerned that defendant had perpetrated a fraud on the court by providing a false
       address as part of the preparation of the presentence report, which the court found
       “particularly aggravating, and also suggestive of her character and consistent with her being
       engaged in ongoing and continuing fraud.” The trial court was also troubled by “the
       sickening karma of suggesting the death of your own child as a means of obtaining money
       by fraud,” noting that she “apparently did it more than once.” The trial court characterized
       all of that as “very aggravating.”
¶ 18        The trial court also stated that the series of fraud engaged in by defendant was “quite
       astonishing” and that defendant’s recent behavior was “not evidence to any great potential
       for rehabilitation.” The trial court further commented that her perpetration of a fraud on the
       court was “probably the highest or most significant sign of an inability to be rehabilitated.”
¶ 19        In considering the mitigation evidence, the trial court noted that defendant caused no

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       bodily injury, that she had no arrest record, and that she had spent most of her life with no
       contact with the criminal justice system. The trial court pointed out that defendant’s criminal
       conduct, based on the evidence before it, did not commence until the “last several years.”
¶ 20       The trial court imposed a sentence in absentia of five years’ imprisonment on count I,
       a consecutive sentence of five years in prison on count II, and a concurrent prison sentence
       of four years on count IV. Defendant was subsequently located and taken into custody.
¶ 21       Defendant thereafter filed a motion to reconsider the sentence, which the trial court
       denied. In doing so, the trial court stated that it had imposed consecutive sentences pursuant
       to section 5-8-4. The trial court explained that the consecutive sentences were necessary to
       protect the public from defendant’s further criminal conduct and that it believed that it had
       “made the record” in that regard. The trial court added that “in this instance, [it had] already
       alluded to both the offense the defendant committed and the nature of the offense as well”
       and “[t]he defendant’s fraudulent behavior both before the commission of these offenses and
       subsequent.” The trial court emphasized that it considered the fact that defendant attempted
       to evade sentencing and punishment as one of the “more significant considerations.” Lastly,
       the trial court stated that the fact that defendant intended the consequences of her conduct
       was “particularly egregious.” Defendant appealed the denial of her motion to reconsider the
       sentence.
¶ 22       On appeal, this court remanded the case because trial counsel had failed to file a proper
       certificate under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 604(d) (eff. July 1, 2006). See People v.
       Buckner, 2012 IL App (2d) 111023-U, ¶ 3. On remand, defendant filed a second motion to
       reconsider the sentence. Before this court issued its mandate, the trial court denied the second
       motion to reconsider the sentence, and defendant appealed again.
¶ 23       In that appeal, this court vacated the trial court’s order denying defendant’s second
       motion to reconsider the sentence, because the order was entered before we issued our
       mandate. We summarily remanded the case. See People v. Buckner, No. 2-12-0486 (Dec. 4,
       2012) (minute order). On remand, defendant filed her third motion to reconsider the
       sentence. In that motion, defendant argued, among other things, that count I was a Class 3
       felony as opposed to a Class 2 felony, that the convictions on count II and count IV should
       be merged under the one-act, one-crime doctrine, and that consecutive sentences were
       improper.
¶ 24       At the hearing on defendant’s third motion to reconsider the sentence, the State conceded
       that count I was a Class 3 felony. As for the one-act, one-crime contention, the trial court
       recalled that the sentence “was basically a five plus five and the four would have merged
       with the five.” The trial court added that it “[did not] dispute [defendant’s] position on that”
       and that “it [did not] believe [it] imposed any additional time for that offense.”
¶ 25       On the issue of consecutive sentencing, the trial court stated that the evidence “reflected
       a period of time in which the defendant engaged not only in this fraudulent behavior but in
       other behavior that was fraudulent or intended to result in fraudulent acquisition of money
       or property of other folks.” The trial court further explained that it had found in aggravation
       that defendant had attempted to avoid the sentence and the consequences of her guilty plea
       by her absence from the sentencing proceedings. The trial court recalled “a significant


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       amount of aggravation that justified the sentence that [it] imposed at the time.”
¶ 26       The trial court recognized the mitigating evidence that was put forth at sentencing “in
       terms of the defendant’s family background, religious affiliations and beliefs” and accepted
       “her representation of redemption and hopes to come to grips with the fraudulent behavior.”
       However, the trial court emphasized that defendant’s “fraudulent behavior was pretty
       outrageous and audacious in terms of the nature of what she did, which [did] not speak well
       for her.”
¶ 27       Following its comments, the trial court stated that the sentence “with regards to Counts
       2 and 4 will stand.” It reduced the sentence on count I from five years’ imprisonment to three
       years in prison. It further stated that the sentences on counts I and II would be consecutive
       and that the sentence on count IV would be concurrent. Defendant filed this timely appeal.

¶ 28                                       II. ANALYSIS
¶ 29       Defendant first contends that the conviction on count IV should have been merged with
       the conviction on count II under the one-act, one-crime rule. The State disagrees, contending
       in part that, although the issue was forfeited, it may be considered on appeal under the plain-
       error doctrine. We hold, however, that the issue was forfeited and that the plain-error
       doctrine does not apply. See People v. Rogers, 364 Ill. App. 3d 229 (2006).
¶ 30       In Rogers, we held that, where a defendant entered into a plea agreement that called for
       him to plead guilty to certain charges and the State to drop the remaining charges, and there
       was no agreement as to the sentence to be imposed, the defendant forfeited our consideration
       of his contention of a violation of the one-act, one-crime rule by failing to file a motion to
       withdraw his guilty plea in the trial court. Rogers, 364 Ill. App. 3d at 246. We so held
       because, absent a motion to withdraw the guilty plea, the guilty plea remained uncontested,
       along with the defendant’s voluntary relinquishment of rights, such as any claim of a
       violation of the one-act, one-crime rule. Rogers, 364 Ill. App. 3d at 246 (citing People v.
       Townsell, 209 Ill. 2d 543, 547 (2004)).
¶ 31       Applying Rogers to the present case, we conclude that defendant has forfeited our review
       of the one-act, one-crime issue. The record of the guilty plea proceeding shows that, despite
       defense counsel’s characterization of a “blind plea,” defendant agreed to plead guilty to
       counts I, II, and IV in exchange for the State’s agreement to nol-pros counts III, V, and VI.
       See Rogers, 364 Ill. App. 3d at 241 (blind pleas are those entered into with no inducement
       from the State (citing People v. Lumzy, 191 Ill. 2d 182, 185 (2000))). Further, there was no
       agreement as to what the sentence would be. Although defendant raised the one-act, one-
       crime issue in her motion to reconsider the sentence, she sought to vacate one of her
       convictions without moving to withdraw her guilty plea. This is nearly identical to the
       scenario in Rogers. Therefore, as in Rogers, we hold that defendant has forfeited our review
       of her one-act, one-crime contention.
¶ 32       Further, there can be no plain-error review in this particular context. In Rogers, we
       distinguished People v. Moshier, 312 Ill. App. 3d 879 (2000), a case that applied plain-error
       analysis to a one-act, one-crime issue where the defendant filed a motion to reconsider his
       sentence but did not file a motion to withdraw his guilty plea. Rogers, 364 Ill. App. 3d at

                                                -6-
       240. In doing so, we emphasized that the defendant in Moshier, unlike the defendant in
       Rogers, pleaded guilty to all of the charges and did not have a plea agreement that obligated
       the State to forgo prosecuting some of the charges in exchange for the defendant’s guilty plea
       to the remaining charges. Rogers, 364 Ill. App. 3d at 244. Thus, we did not engage in any
       plain-error review in Rogers.
¶ 33       Had we done so in Rogers, and had we granted the defendant’s request to vacate one of
       his convictions without his having moved to withdraw his guilty plea, we would have created
       an anomaly. The defendant would have received the full benefit of his bargain under the plea
       agreement, while later avoiding his own obligation by unilaterally reducing the convictions
       to which he had agreed. We stand by our decision in Rogers and do not apply plain-error
       analysis to the one-act, one-crime issue in this case in light of the plea agreement and the
       absence of any motion to withdraw the plea.
¶ 34       We next address the issue of whether the trial court abused its discretion in imposing
       consecutive sentences on the convictions on counts I and II.1 Defendant contends that it was
       an abuse of discretion to impose consecutive sentences to protect the public when she had
       no criminal history, she never had the opportunity to demonstrate her rehabilitative potential,
       she accepted responsibility for her conduct, and she neither caused nor threatened physical
       harm to anyone.
¶ 35       In cases where consecutive sentences are not mandatory, such sentences should be
       imposed sparingly. People v. King, 384 Ill. App. 3d 601, 613 (2008). Section 5-8-4(b) of the
       Unified Code of Corrections provides that, other than where consecutive sentences are
       mandated, a concurrent sentence must be imposed, unless, considering the nature and
       circumstances of the offense and the history and character of the defendant, consecutive
       sentences “are required to protect the public from further criminal conduct by the defendant.”
       730 ILCS 5/5-8-4(b) (West 2008). If the trial court imposes consecutive sentences to protect
       the public, it “shall set forth in the record” the basis for such sentences. 730 ILCS 5/5-8-4(b)
       (West 2008).
¶ 36       Because the trial court is in the best position to consider a defendant’s credibility,
       demeanor, general moral character, mentality, social environment, and habits, the trial court’s
       imposition of consecutive sentences will not be reversed on appeal absent an abuse of
       discretion. King, 384 Ill. App. 3d at 613. The record must show that the trial court concluded
       that consecutive terms were necessary to protect the public. People v. Sanders, 356 Ill. App.
       3d 998, 1006 (2005). If the record does not reflect that the trial court took mitigating factors
       into account, including a defendant’s potential for rehabilitation, and the record does not
       support the trial court’s determination that consecutive sentences were necessary to protect


               1
                In addressing this issue, we note that, although a defendant who seeks to challenge a
       sentence imposed pursuant to a plea agreement must move to withdraw the guilty plea, a defendant
       who enters a plea agreement that calls for the dismissal of certain charges, but that is silent as to the
       sentence, may file a motion to reconsider the sentence without filing a motion to withdraw his guilty
       plea. Rogers, 364 Ill. App. 3d at 244 (citing Lumzy, 191 Ill. 2d at 187). Thus, we may consider
       defendant’s challenge to the propriety of the consecutive sentences.

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       the public, an abuse of discretion has occurred. People v. O’Neal, 125 Ill. 2d 291, 298-301
       (1988).
¶ 37        We initially consider defendant’s point that the trial court “did not even explain why it
       imposed consecutive sentences until the hearing on the motion to reconsider the sentence.”
       Our review of the original sentencing hearing reflects that, although the trial court did not
       expressly explain in so many words its reasons for imposing the consecutive sentences, it did
       discuss the various aspects of defendant’s conduct, history, and character, both aggravating
       and mitigating, relevant to its decision to impose consecutive sentences for the purpose of
       protecting the public. This was sufficient to satisfy section 5-8-4(b) and to allow proper
       review of the trial court’s decision. See People v. Allen, 268 Ill. App. 3d 947, 950 (1994)
       (trial court need not recite language of section 5-8-4(b) provided the record shows it believed
       consecutive sentences were necessary to protect the public).
¶ 38        We next consider whether the record supports the trial court’s determination that
       consecutive sentences were necessary to protect the public. We agree with the trial court that
       defendant’s fraudulent conduct was ongoing, extensive, and not likely to have ended had she
       not been arrested and incarcerated. As the trial court emphasized several times, defendant
       persisted in her fraudulent behavior with the court when she provided false information in
       the preparation of her presentence report, when she absented herself from the proceedings,
       and when she attempted to evade custody.2 We further agree with the trial court’s
       characterization of defendant’s conduct as “particularly egregious in terms of [its] audacity,”
       considering how she repeatedly proclaimed that members of her immediate family had died
       and then willingly accepted, not only insurance proceeds, but outpourings of sympathy and
       financial support from her coworkers. Defendant’s conduct can fairly be described as
       despicable and strongly indicative of her likelihood to continue her criminal activities.
¶ 39        Further, the trial court properly addressed defendant’s potential for rehabilitation. It stated
       that defendant’s behavior was “not evidence to any great potential for rehabilitation” and that
       her perpetration of a fraud upon the court was “the highest or most significant sign of an
       inability to be rehabilitated.” We consider such characterizations of defendant’s questionable
       rehabilitative potential as accurate and entirely supported by the record.
¶ 40        We are also not persuaded by defendant’s assertion that she could not be subjected to
       consecutive sentences when, due to her lack of criminal history, she had had no prior
       opportunity to demonstrate her rehabilitative potential. There is simply no authority
       prohibiting consecutive sentences when a defendant has not had prior exposure to any
       rehabilitative opportunities. Such an argument is devoid of merit.
¶ 41        Defendant also argues that consecutive sentences were improper because her crime
       caused no physical harm to anyone. She cites no authority, and we are aware of none, that
       would preclude consecutive sentences where the harm to the victims was purely financial.
       Rather, at least two courts have affirmed such sentences in the context of financial harm
       only. See People v. McManus, 197 Ill. App. 3d 1085, 1100-01 (1990) (consecutive sentences


               2
                  This evasion belies defendant’s assertion that she willingly accepted responsibility for her
       conduct.

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       imposed for fraud); People v. Shaw, 133 Ill. App. 3d 391, 405 (1985) (consecutive sentences
       proper for defendant who was involved in numerous incidents of fraud and was public
       nuisance and danger to society). Further, section 5-8-4(b) refers to protecting the public from
       “criminal conduct” and is not limited to conduct that results only in physical harm. 730 ILCS
       5/5-8-4(b) (West 2008). We cannot read into the statute a limitation not expressed. See
       Board of Education of Waukegan Community Unit School District No. 60 v. Orbach, 2013
       IL App (2d) 120504, ¶ 17. There was plenty of evidence in this case that defendant was
       extremely dangerous to the public in a financial sense and that she would have persisted in
       her ongoing crime spree had she not been removed from the opportunity to do so.
¶ 42       That leaves defendant’s contention that the trial court did not properly consider her lack
       of prior criminal history and the fact that she did not begin her criminal conduct until her late
       forties. The trial court, however, expressly recognized that, in terms of mitigation, defendant
       had caused no bodily injury, had no prior criminal record, had spent most of her life outside
       the criminal justice system, and had not commenced her criminal conduct until the “last
       several years.” We cannot say that the trial court did not give such mitigation evidence its
       full due. However, the mitigation evidence was not sufficient to overcome the significant
       aggravating evidence that defendant would likely have continued to commit fraud on an
       unsuspecting public if she were not incarcerated for a longer period of time.
¶ 43       Finally, defendant relies on several cases that overturned consecutive sentences involving
       what she asserts to be “far more serious crimes than those at issue here.” See People v.
       O’Neal, 125 Ill. 2d 291 (1988); People v. Rucker, 260 Ill. App. 3d 659 (1994); People v.
       Gray, 121 Ill. App. 3d 867 (1984). Those cases are distinguishable from this case, however,
       as they involved circumstances and mitigating evidence different from those present here.
       Indeed, defendant is here engaging in a comparative sentencing argument, which is not
       permissible. See People v. Fern, 189 Ill. 2d 48, 54-55 (1999).
¶ 44       Although we recognize that consecutive sentences are significant and that they should
       be imposed only sparingly, our review of the record demonstrates that such sentences were
       entirely appropriate in this case. Because the trial court did not abuse its discretion, we affirm
       the imposition of the consecutive sentences as to count I and count II.

¶ 45                                   III. CONCLUSION
¶ 46       For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court of Du Page County.

¶ 47       Affirmed.




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