                                                                          F I L E D
                                                                   United States Court of Appeals
                                                                           Tenth Circuit
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                             JUN 25 2003
                              FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                      PATRICK FISHER
                                                                                Clerk

    GLADYS OFOSUHEMAA,

                Petitioner,

    v.                                                   No. 02-9528
                                                      (No. A 92 012 231)
    JOHN D. ASHCROFT, Attorney                       (Petition for Review)
    General of the United States,

                Respondent.


                              ORDER AND JUDGMENT          *




Before HARTZ , O’BRIEN , and McCONNELL , Circuit Judges.




         After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral

argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore

ordered submitted without oral argument.




*
      This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
       Petitioner seeks review of a final order of removal issued by the Board of

Immigration Appeals (BIA). The BIA affirmed the decision of an immigration

judge (IJ) holding that petitioner was removable from the United States based on

her convictions of certain criminal offenses. Because the BIA affirmed the IJ’s

decision without opinion, the IJ’s decision is the agency’s final determination.

See 8 C.F.R. § 3.1(a)(7)(iii) (2002);   see also Panrit v. INS , 19 F.3d 544, 545-46

(10th Cir. 1994).

       The removal proceedings considered three charges against petitioner, a

native and citizen of Ghana, who became a lawful permanent resident in 1990.

The charges were for (1) conviction of an aggravated felony, 8 U.S.C.

§ 1101(a)(43) (which the IJ found did not support grounds for removal);

(2) conviction of a crime of moral turpitude committed within five years of

admission and for which a sentence of one year or longer may be imposed in

violation of § 1227(a)(2)(A)(i)(I); and (3) conviction of two crimes involving

moral turpitude in violation of § 1227(a)(2)(A)(ii). The two moral turpitude

convictions in question were a 1992 misdemeanor offense of obtaining

merchandise through false pretenses and a 1998 conviction for caretaker abuse or

neglect in violation of Okla. Stat. tit. 21 § 843.1(A)(1) (1999) (subsequently

amended). The parties are in agreement that under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(C) this

court lacks jurisdiction to consider the removal orders if petitioner was convicted


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of two or more crimes involving moral turpitude not arising from the same

incident. The parties further do not dispute that the 1992 conviction was for an

offense involving moral turpitude. Thus the issue is whether petitioner’s 1998

conviction was for a crime involving moral turpitude.

       We review de novo the IJ’s legal conclusions and his factual findings for

substantial evidence.   See Hadjimehdigholi v. INS , 49 F.3d 642, 647 (10th Cir.

1995). We also review de novo questions concerning the jurisdictional bar of

8 U.S.C. § 1252 (a)(2)(C).   See Tapia Garcia v. INS , 237 F.3d 1216, 1220 (10th

Cir. 2001).

       The IJ determined that the record was unclear as to whether petitioner’s

1998 conviction was for caretaker abuse or caretaker neglect under Okla. Stat. tit.

21 § 843.1. He determined, however, that a conviction for either offense would

constitute a crime involving moral turpitude.

       Oklahoma courts have defined moral turpitude broadly as

       “any conduct contrary to justice, honesty and good morals. Moral
       turpitude implies something immoral in itself regardless of whether it
       is punishable by law. The doing of the act itself, and not its
       prohibition by statute, determines the moral turpitude.”

Andrews v. Indep. Sch. Dist. No. 57   , 12 P.3d 491, 495 (Okla. Civ. Ct. App. 2000)

(quoting Kelley v. City of Tulsa , 569 P.2d 455, 457 (Okla. 1977)).

       Similarly, we have defined moral turpitude as “‘conduct which is inherently

base, vile, or depraved, contrary to the accepted rules of morality and the duties

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owed between man and man, either one’s fellow man or society in general.’”

Wittgenstein v. INS , 124 F.3d 1244, 1245 (10th Cir. 1997) (quoting      In re Flores ,

17 I&N Dec. 225, 227, 1980 WL 121870 (1980)). Oklahoma’s caretaker

abuse/neglect statute “clearly proscribes the infliction of abuse     or neglect on

vulnerable adults by their caretakers.”     State v. Thomason , 33 P.3d 930, 933

(Okla. Crim. App. 2001) (emphasis added). Thus even if the 1998 conviction was

for the neglect of a vulnerable person within petitioner’s care, her failure to

protect her charge constitutes the breach of a moral duty owed the person being

cared for. 1 As the IJ noted, “[t]he victim in this particular case is a retarded and

blind 23-year old woman who [petitioner] had undertaken responsibility to

provide for and protect,” making her negligent abuse of that responsibility a

turpitudinous offense. R. 53-54.

       We conclude that the determination that petitioner’s 1998 conviction

involved a crime of moral turpitude was reasonable. Moreover, we must “respect

the interpretation of the agency to which Congress has delegated the

responsibility for administering the statutory program.”        INS v. Cardoza-Fonseca ,

480 U.S. 421, 448 (1987);     see also Tapia Garcia , 237 F.3d at 1220-21 (where




1
     We further note that part of petitioner’s sentence involved her referral to a
“moral recognition therapy program.” R. at 133.

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statute arguably subject to different interpretations, we defer to BIA’s

interpretation as long as it is reasonable).

      Accordingly, we lack jurisdiction, and the petition for review is

DISMISSED. Respondent’s motion to dismiss the petition is DENIED as moot.



                                                    Entered for the Court



                                                    Terrence L. O’Brien
                                                    Circuit Judge




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