09-4952-cv
Maldonado v. George Weston Bakeries
                                UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                    FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                        SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A
SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY
FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN
CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE
EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION
“SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY
PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

      At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at
the Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse, 500 Pearl Street, in the City of New
York, on the 19th day of December, two thousand eleven.

PRESENT: AMALYA L. KEARSE,
                 JOHN M. WALKER, JR.,
                 REENA RAGGI,
                         Circuit Judges.
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MARIO ENRIQUE MALDONADO,
                         Plaintiff-Appellant,

                   v.                                             No.   09-4952-cv

GEORGE WESTON BAKERIES,
                         Defendant-Appellee.
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APPEARING FOR APPELLANT:                          MARIO ENRIQUE MALDONADO, pro se,
                                                  Stamford, Connecticut.

APPEARING FOR APPELLEE:                           TAL A. KADAR (A. Robert Fischer, on the
                                                  brief), Jackson Lewis LLP, Stamford,
                                                  Connecticut.

         Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the District of

Connecticut (Mark R. Kravitz, Judge).


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       UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND

DECREED that the judgment of the district court entered on October 26, 2009, is

AFFIRMED.

       Pro se plaintiff Mario Enrique Maldonado appeals from the dismissal of his wrongful

termination complaint for failure to state a claim. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). In reviewing

a dismissal decision de novo, we construe the complaint liberally, accepting all factual

allegations as true and drawing all reasonable inferences in the plaintiff’s favor. See

Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc., 282 F.3d 147, 152 (2d Cir. 2002). Where, as here, a

plaintiff proceeds pro se, we afford the pleadings special solicitude. See Hill v. Curcione,

657 F.3d 116, 122 (2d Cir. 2011). In applying these principles, we assume the parties’

familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history, and the issues on appeal, which

we reference only as necessary to explain our decision to affirm.

       Maldonado submitted a form complaint indicating that he wished to raise employment

discrimination claims based upon Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C.

§ 2000e et seq., and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (“ADEA”), 29

U.S.C. § 621 et seq. The complaint alleged no facts to support these claims, however,

beyond the date of Maldonado’s birth and the assertion that “other similar altercation cases

were given preferential treatment.” The papers attached to the complaint discuss the

circumstances of the allegedly similar cases, but do not allege that any preferential treatment

was due to race or age. These facts are insufficient to state a claim under Title VII or the


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ADEA. Although we do not require a plaintiff to plead specific facts to show a prima facie

case of discrimination, see Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A., 534 U.S. 506, 511–12 (2002),

dismissal is nevertheless appropriate where the plaintiff “failed to allege even the basic

elements of a discriminatory action claim,” Patane v. Clark, 508 F.3d 106, 112 & n.3 (2d

Cir. 2007) (dismissing complaint in gender discrimination case under Title VII where

plaintiff “failed to plead any facts that would create an inference that any adverse action

taken by any defendant was based upon her gender” (internal quotation marks and alterations

omitted)). The district court afforded Maldonado an opportunity to file an amended

complaint, noting that his opposition to the motion to dismiss included additional facts that

might have supported a Title VII or ADEA claim. But Maldonado did not file any document

within the time prescribed. The district court thus properly dismissed his complaint for

failure to state a claim under Title VII or the ADEA.

       To the extent the district court liberally construed Maldonado’s complaint as asserting

a “hybrid § 301/fair representation claim” under § 301 of the Labor Management Relations

Act, 29 U.S.C. § 185, the district court correctly ruled that the complaint was filed outside

of the six-month limitations period applicable to such a claim. See DelCostello v. Int’l Bhd.

of Teamsters, 462 U.S. 151, 163–65, 169–71 (1983). We have previously held that,

“regardless of who is named as a defendant, a hybrid claim is presented if an employee has

a cause of action against both the employer and the union, where the two claims are

inextricably linked, and where the case to be proved is the same against both.” Carrion v.


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Enter. Ass’n, Metal Trades Branch Local Union 638, 227 F.3d 29, 34 (2d Cir. 2000) (internal

quotation marks omitted).      Further, an employee “cannot circumvent the six-month

limitations period for hybrid actions by choosing to sue only his employer.” Id. (internal

quotation marks and alterations omitted). Here, the documents attached to Maldonado’s

complaint reveal that he asserted a claim that his employer did not properly investigate the

incident pursuant to the collective bargaining agreement and that his union—which is not a

party to this action—“breached its duty of fair representation by not representing [him] in

arbitration.” These claims fall within the scope of § 301 of the Labor Management Relations

Act, and therefore, are subject to a six-month statute of limitations period.

       The six-month limitations period runs from “the time when the union member knew

or reasonably should have known that a breach of the duty of fair representation had

occurred.” Kavowras v. N.Y. Times Co., 328 F.3d 50, 55 (2d Cir. 2003) (internal quotation

marks and alterations omitted). Even if we were to deem August 6, 2008, as the date

Maldonado “knew of” his claim—the date of Maldonado’s letter disputing the analysis of

the Connecticut Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities—his federal complaint

was untimely, as it was filed more than seven months after this date.

       Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court.

                                           FOR THE COURT:
                                           Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court




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