[Cite as In re M.L., 2013-Ohio-394.]




                           IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                              SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                    GREENE COUNTY

IN THE MATTER OF:                             :
                                              :     Appellate Case No. 2012-CA-56
        M.L. & G.L.                           :
                                              :     Trial Court Case Nos. S-38539
                                              :     Trial Court Case Nos. S-38886
                                              :
                                              :     (Juvenile Appeal from
                                              :     (Common Pleas Court)
                                              :
                                           ...........

                                           OPINION

                             Rendered on the 8th day of February, 2013.

                                           ...........

STEPHEN K. HALLER, Atty. Reg. #0009172, and ELIZABETH ELLIS, Atty. Reg.
#0074332, by NATHANIEL R. LUKEN, Atty. Reg. #0087864, Greene County Prosecutor’s
Office, 61 Greene Street, Xenia, Ohio 45385
        Attorneys for Appellee

THOMAS H. HAHN, Atty. Reg. #0086858, Post Office Box 341688, Beavercreek, Ohio
45432
      Attorney for Appellant

                                                     .............

FAIN, P.J.

        {¶ 1}      Appellants Danielle and Michael L. appeal from a judgment granting

permanent custody of their minor children, M.L. and G.L. to the Greene County Children's
                                                                                                                          2


Services Board.1 Danielle and Michael contend that the trial court erred in granting custody

to GCCSB when GCCSB failed to use diligent efforts to assist them as required by R.C.

2151.414(E). Danielle and Michael further contend that the trial court erred in finding that

the children could not be placed with them within a reasonable time.

       {¶ 2}       We conclude that the record contains sufficient clear and convincing

evidence that an award of permanent custody to GCCSB is in the best interests of M.L. and

G.L., and that they could not be placed with either parent within a reasonable time.

Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is Affirmed.



                                   I. Facts and Course of Proceedings

       {¶ 3}       GCCSB filed a complaint in July 2006, alleging that M.L. was a dependent

child, because her condition and environment warranted the State in assuming her

guardianship. The complaint indicated that the agency had been working with the family since

July 2005, when M.L. was approximately six months old. The agency had received a report

that Michael had been arrested for violating parole due to marijuana and drug paraphernalia in

the home. The home was also in disarray, with trash lying around. Michael was on parole

due to a charge of gross sexual imposition involving his eight-year old stepdaughter, and had

spent several years in prison for the crime.                      He had also not received any sex offender

treatment.

       {¶ 4}       While Michael was incarcerated for the parole violation, the agency informed

him that he would not be permitted to reside with his infant daughter, M.L., until he was

         1
         For purposes of convenience, we will refer to the parties as Danielle, Michael, GCSSB, and Linda and Daniel G.
                                                                                         3


assessed at low risk for sexually offending. Danielle made it clear that she had no plans of

separating from her husband. A psychologist who assessed Danielle concluded that it was

improbable that she would be able to protect M.L. from Michael.            Accordingly, when

Michael was released in January 2006, from the prison term imposed for the parole violation,

M.L. was placed out of the home on a safety plan. M.L. was placed with her maternal

grandparents, Linda and Daniel G. Michael also underwent a sexual offender assessment

with Rosemary Federle, who felt his potential for re-offending was high.

       {¶ 5}     In May 2006, Linda G. was hospitalized, and a family friend, Kathy D.,

stepped in to help, with the proviso that M.L. could only be at the grandparents’ home when

Daniel G. was present. There were repeated calls of concern to the agency about violations of

the plan and about the fact that Danielle and Michael had unsupervised visits. Because of

this, M.L. was now living full-time with Kathy D., but Kathy was only willing to provide care

for a limited time. The agency, therefore, filed a dependency complaint and asked for interim

predispositional orders in July 2006.

       {¶ 6}     The original caseplan, filed with the court and approved in August 2006,

removed Linda and Daniel from the case plan, indicated that M.L. would be residing with

Kathy D. full-time, and added parenting classes for Danielle and Michael. The plan further

provided that Michael would not reside with M.L. until he was assessed at low risk of

re-offending by a qualified sexual offender therapist, and that Danielle and Kathy D. would

ensure that Michael was not unsupervised with the child.

       {¶ 7}     Originally, the court granted GCCSB protective supervision, and ordered the

parties to follow the case plan. Shortly thereafter, however, the court granted emergency
                                                                                          4


temporary custody to GCCSB, based on representations that there were reasonable grounds to

believe that M.L. was in danger and that removal was necessary. GCCSB then filed an

amended complaint in late August 2006, alleging that the parties were having difficulty

following the case plan. As a result, the court granted temporary custody to GCCSB, which

had placed M.L. in foster care. The case plan goal was amended to make reunification a goal,

and Kathy D. was removed from the plan. Visitation with the parents was restricted to once a

week for two hours, with visitation to be supervised at the Greene County Visitation Center.

The other case plan requirements stayed essentially the same.

       {¶ 8}     On December 26, 2006, the court granted GCCSB emergency custody of

G.L., a male child who had been born that day. In January 2007, an amended case plan was

filed, indicating that the goal was reunification with the parents. M.L. would continue to

reside in foster care and G.L. would reside with Linda and Daniel G. The goals were the

same as before, with Michael completing sex offender treatment, and visitation with M.L.

being restricted to the visitation center. Michael was permitted to visit G.L. at Linda’s and

Daniel’s home, but all contact had to be supervised by the grandparents.

       {¶ 9}     In March 2007, the magistrate concluded that it was in the children’s best

interests to give GCCSB temporary custody, due to evaluations from psychologists about

Michael’s minimization of the behaviors that led to his arrest, and Danielle’s belief that

Michael did not have inappropriate sexual contact, even though he had pled guilty and had

spent five years in prison on the charge. The magistrate also concluded that the grandparents’

home was unsuitable because of the amount of clutter and Linda’s testimony that she

sometimes left the parents and G.L. unsupervised. The case plan still specified reunification
                                                                                           5


as the goal.

        {¶ 10}   In August 2007, the trial court sustained objections to the magistrate’s

decision, and awarded legal custody of M.L. to the grandparents, Linda and Daniel, and

protective supervision to GCCSB.          However, the court subsequently overruled the

grandparents’ motion to modify visitation and allow Daniel to visit M.L. in their home, after

receiving the report of a guardian ad litem, who recommended against modification. The

report expressed various concerns, including the grandparents’ belief that Michael was not

guilty of the sex offense, Michael’s failure to complete sex offender treatment, and violations

of the rules of the visitation center by both parents.   A magistrate’s decision on the subject

noted that both parents had testified positive for marijuana after a hearing held in October

2007.

        {¶ 11}   In February 2008, both parents consented to having legal custody of G.L.

placed with Linda and Daniel, with GCCSB retaining protective supervision. Between that

time and January 2012, Danielle and Michael’s situation remained essentially the same.

Michael failed to participate in sex offender treatment, other than for a brief period; both

parents initially participated in counseling for mental health issues but later terminated

treatment; both were unemployed and completely reliant on Linda and Daniel for financial

support; on the few occasions when caseworkers were permitted to enter their home, it was

observed to be dirty; both parents continued to minimize Michael’s sex offense and the risk of

further problems; and both parents continued to test positive at times for marijuana.

        {¶ 12}   Unfortunately, Linda had health issues that eventually resulted in her

placement in a nursing home, and she was removed from the case plan in November 2011. A
                                                                                             6


review done around the same time indicated that the children were showing some extreme

behaviors and had been referred to counseling. Shortly after Linda died in January 2012,

Daniel told GCCSB that he was no longer able to take care of the children. On January 30,

2012, after meeting with GCCSB and other family members, Daniel signed a voluntary

agreement placing M.L. and G.L. in GCCSB’s custody. The children were then placed in

foster care.

        {¶ 13}   An amended case plan, filed in February 2012, indicated that in addition to

Michael’s sex offender status, the agency had received reports that Danielle had “perpetrated”

on younger family members as a teen. Extended family members had also reported that the

children had been behaving in an inappropriate sexual manner with one another, simulating

intercourse and oral sex with one another on at least two separate occasions. A complaint

was subsequently filed, alleging that the children were both neglected and dependent. An

affidavit attached to a motion for predispositional orders stated that the children had disclosed

that they had been allowed to spend unsupervised time with their biological parents, which

resulted in the children being exposed to sexual activities in their parents’ home. The agency

asked for temporary custody, and indicated in case plans that it was going to work towards

obtaining permanent custody of the children, because Daniel had indicated that he could no

longer care for the children.

        {¶ 14}   Counsel was appointed for Danielle and Michael, and the court also provided

a guardian ad litem/court appointed special advocate (GAL/CASA) for the children. In May

2012, GCCSB withdrew its allegation of neglect, and the court allowed Danielle and Michael

two hours of visitation time per week, at the Greene County Visitation Center.
                                                                                             7


       {¶ 15}    In late May 2012, the GAL/CASA filed a report, recommending that GCCSB

be granted permanent custody. Before preparing the report, the GAL/CASA had visited both

children several times, and had also interviewed Danielle, Michael, Daniel, three other

relatives of the children, and a long-time neighbor of Daniel and Linda. The GAL/CASA

reported that both children seemed content with their foster care situation. Danielle and

Michael denied that Michael had done anything wrong in his past. Michael admitted that he

and Danielle could not provide for the children’s basic needs at this time. Daniel, who had

spent the most time with the children and their parents, stated that he did not want the children

to live with their parents, and that Michael was volatile and should not be around the children.

 Both the relatives and Daniel’s neighbor expressed concern about the fact that Daniel and

Linda had allowed the children to be with their parents without supervision, and about the fact

that the children had been out at night, running around, without anyone watching them.

       {¶ 16}    In an updated report submitted in late July 2012, the GAL/CASA stated that

since M.L. had begun visiting her parents at the visitation center in May 2012, she had begun

wetting and soiling herself. After the first visit with her parents, M.L. also began exhibiting

inappropriate sexual behavior against herself and her brother. The GAL/CASA concluded

that any contact with the biological parents was harmful to the children, and again

recommended that GCCSB be given permanent custody.               Based on observation of the

parents, the GAL/CASA also asked that they be drug-tested.

       {¶ 17}    The trial court held a dispositional hearing on July 31, 2012. Witnesses at

the hearing included: Dr. Battle, a clinical psychologist who had prepared three reports

evaluating Danielle; April Whalen, a mental health therapist who had diagnosed and treated
                                                                                                8


M.L. and G.L.; Barb Stamper, the Coordinator of the Greene County Family Visitation and

Mediation Center; Beth Pfoutz, a family support caseworker; Rhande R., maternal aunt of the

children; Goldie N., Danielle’s aunt; Daniel G.; Kathy D.; Michael L.; and Danielle L.

       {¶ 18}    Dr. Battle had performed evaluations of Danielle in 2005, 2009, and 2012.

According to Dr. Battle, Danielle was currently less able to care for the children than she had

been previously, and was not able to provide the care that her children required. The doctor

said that even if Danielle received skilled psychotherapeutic treatment, it would not be

sufficient to address her underlying incapacity to put her children’s needs first. Danielle’s

choice had been to deny that her husband’s history as a sex offender was a factor and to not

recognize a need to protect her children. Danielle also had a history of having abandoned her

two eldest children, who had a different father.

       {¶ 19}    Whalen, the therapist, indicated that M.L. avoided eye contact and became

nervous, anxious, or angry when inappropriate sexual contact was discussed. G.L. was more

open, but after he had discussed inappropriate touching and had named names, he refused to

talk to the therapist. G.L. later indicated to the therapist that his sister, M.L., had been telling

him not to talk to her.     The therapist read a book to G.L. and discussed inappropriate

touching.   G.L. then identified various individuals who had touched his private parts,

including his sister, M.L., Michael, Daniel, and another boy.

       {¶ 20}    After visitation began with the parents in May 2012, M.L.’s defiant behaviors

increased, and she had started inappropriate touching with her brother again. This had been

present when the children went into foster care and had been decreasing, but had started up

again. M.L. told the therapist that she had found an anti-wrinkle type of thing that vibrated,
                                                                                              9


and that she had gone into the bathroom and pulled her pants down. She reported that her

father had something like that.

       {¶ 21}    Stamper, the visitation center coordinator, testified that visitation had been

monitored at all times, and that Michael had signed off on a policy they have for sexual abuse.

 This policy requires an offender to limit physical contact with the children, to redirect the

children, because children do not always understand the limitations, and to redirect physical

contact at an appropriate time, i.e., the offender should not keep prolonged time in physical

contact. Michael had not always followed the policy and had to be redirected several times

by staff. On one occasion, Stamper allowed contact to happen to see if Michael would

redirect it, but he failed to do so for ten to fifteen minutes. This problem had been an issue

through all the visitations. At times, Danielle had stepped in to tell Michael he should not do

something, but she did not do this every time.

       {¶ 22}    Pfoutz, the GCCSB caseworker, testified that May 24, 2012, was the first

time Danielle had ever allowed her into two rooms of her home. The kitchen was extremely

cluttered, with little bare space on the counters or the floor. There were paths so Danielle and

Michael could walk around their belongings in both the kitchen and living room, which they

had converted into their bedroom. The clutter, depending on where it was, was from 18 to 24

inches tall, with the paths being about 18 inches wide. The residence also had a strong odor.

Danielle indicated that some of the utilities had been turned off.

       {¶ 23}    Pfoutz also saw two steel pipes, with steel bowls, lying on a box next to the

mattress. Pfoutz testified that these pipes are items that, in her experience, are used for drugs.

 Accordingly, she asked the court to have the parents tested for drugs at the hearing.        The
                                                                                          10


court ordered a drug screen, and both parents tested positive that day for marijuana.

       {¶ 24}    Pfoutz indicated that the parents were not on the case plan during her

involvement. At the beginning of the case in 2005, GCCSB had attempted to work with the

biological parents, but was not successful.      After the court granted legal custody to the

grandparents, the parents were removed from the plan, and the focus was on maintaining the

children in their grandparents’ care. By the time Daniel relinquished custody in January

2012, the children had been in the grandparents’ custody for five years, and if GCCSB were to

do a case plan, reunification with Danielle, as long as she was married to and residing with

Michael, would automatically equate with reunification with Michael, who is a sex offender.

Pfoutz also testified that Danielle had been counseled many times about the fact that if she

chose to stay with her spouse, she risked having her children not come home.

       {¶ 25}    When Pfoutz met with Daniel, other relatives, and Michael in January 2012

to discuss Daniel’s relinquishment of custody, Michael became extremely angry very quickly,

and began yelling and cussing and hitting walls. He eventually stormed out of the room,

saying he wished they were all dead. The house was locked, and after Michael returned, he

banged on the door and yelled, resulting in the authorities having to be called.

       {¶ 26}    Pfoutz also testified that Michael has mood swings and can be explosive or

can be very pleasant. She noted that she wanted to follow up on the drug use issue, but was

told not to follow through with that because the parents were not on the case plan. Pfoutz

observed erratic behaviors, mood swings, and a deterioration in personal hygiene and upkeep

over the years that could stem from mental health issues or drugs. Pfoutz testified that no one

else in the family was able to take custody of the children, and that giving the agency
                                                                                                                                 11


permanent custody was in the children’s best interests.

         {¶ 27}        Danielle’s maternal aunt and her half-sister also testified. They both indicated

that they had many concerns about the children being in Danielle’s and Michael’s care, and

that even when the children were with Linda and Daniel, the children were not properly taken

care of, were allowed to be around their parents unsupervised, and did not receive proper

attention from their parents. The maternal aunt, who had lived across the street from Linda

and Daniel since 1988, testified that she had seen the children being touched inappropriately,

with hands going high on the legs and rubbing bodies all over each other.

         {¶ 28}        Daniel G. testified during the parents’ case, and stated that he had never

allowed Michael to be around the children unsupervised. He also said that he had never seen

Michael do anything inappropriate.2 Daniel did work, however, and indicated he would not

know if Michael or Danielle were unsupervised during those times. He did say that he had

told the GAL/CASA that Michael is volatile and should not be around children. In addition,

the house Michael and Danielle lived in was one he had purchased, and they had not paid

anything to live there. Sometimes they had no electric service or water, and it was not a place

for the children. Prior to Daniel’s wife’s death, Daniel and his wife had financially supported

Danielle and Michael, but Daniel could not afford to do so any longer. Daniel indicated that

he had never considered allowing Danielle and Michael to move into his house and help raise

the children, because even with supervision, they could not do it. He stated that he thought

the children needed to be with GCCSB.


           2
           This is in contrast with G.L.’s statements to the therapist. G.L. stated that when he told his grandfather, Daniel, that Michael
 had touched him, his grandfather threw his father out of the house.
                                                                                               12


       {¶ 29}    Both Danielle and Michael testified about hoping to get money from settling

an automobile accident case, but they were vague on the details and contradicted each other.

For example, Michael testified that the lawyer would not talk to them, and that no demand for

settlement had been made. In contrast, Danielle stated that she had talked to the lawyer a few

days ago, and that he said they were waiting on the check. However, she had no idea as to the

amount of the settlement, and no documents were offered to prove that any such offer existed.

 They both had also applied for social security disability benefits, but their claims had been

denied. Neither had been employed for years. Both parents acknowledged that they were

not in a position to provide for the children, but wished to be given an opportunity to try.

       {¶ 30}    Both parents also denied having used illegal drugs (or in Michael’s case, he

denied having used drugs for at least two months).          However, both tested positive for

marijuana on the day that the permanent custody hearing was held.

       {¶ 31}    Finally, Kathy D., a family friend, testified that she believed Michael and

Danielle could meet their children’s needs, with her help, if they obtained appropriate housing.

 Kathy D. indicated that she was not concerned with the fact that Michael was a registered sex

offender, and that she had never seen him do anything inappropriate with the children.

       {¶ 32}    After hearing the testimony, the trial court filed a decision in August 2012,

granting permanent custody of M.L. and G.L. to GCCSB. Danielle and Michael appeal from

the judgment of the trial court.



          II. GCCSB Did Not Fail to Use Diligent Efforts to Assist the Parents

       {¶ 33}    Danielle’s and Michael’s First Assignment of Error is as follows:
                                                                                            13


                THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING CUSTODY TO GREENE

       COUNTY CHILDREN’S SERVICES BOARD (“CSB”) WHEN CSB FAILED TO

       USE DILIGENT EFFORTS TO ASSIST THE PARENTS AS REQUIRED BY R.C.

       2151.414(E).

       {¶ 34}    Under this assignment of error, Danielle and Michael acknowledge that R.C.

2151.414(E)(7)(d) does not require an agency to show by clear and convincing evidence that it

made diligent efforts to assist a parent to remedy the problems that caused the child to be

placed outside the home, where the parent has been found guilty or has pled guilty to gross

sexual imposition.    Danielle and Michael contend, however, that Danielle was not convicted

of the offense, that she has been diligent in being active in her children’s lives, and that

GCCSB has not shown by clear and convincing evidence how she would not be able to

provide for her children. They also argue that GCCSB failed to make diligent efforts to assist

Danielle.

       {¶ 35}    “R.C. 2151.414 establishes a two-part test for courts to apply when

determining a motion for permanent custody to a public services agency. The statute requires

the court to find, by clear and convincing evidence, that (1) granting permanent custody of the

child to the agency is in the best interest of the child and (2) either the child (a) cannot be

placed with either parent within a reasonable period of time or should not be placed with

either parent if any one of the factors in R.C. 2151.414(E) are present; (b) is abandoned; (c) is

orphaned and no relatives are able to take permanent custody of the child; or (d) has been in

the temporary custody of one or more public or private children services agencies for twelve

or more months of a consecutive twenty-two month period.” In re K.M., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga
                                                                                               14


No. 98545, 2012-Ohio-6010, ¶ 8, citing R.C. 2151.414(B)(1).

       {¶ 36}    In the case before us, the trial court concluded that granting permanent

custody was in the best interests of M.L. and G.L., and that the children could not be placed

with either parent within a reasonable period of time. R.C. 2151.414(E) provides a list of

fifteen factors to be considered, in addition to R.C. 2151.414(E)(16), which includes “[a]ny

other factor the court considers relevant.” However, the court must only find one or more

factors with regard to each parent; it need not find that all factors apply. Accordingly, the

trial court did not have to find that the agency made diligent efforts to assist the parents, if one

or more of the other factors in R.C. 2151.414(E) justify termination of parental rights.

       {¶ 37}    The trial court made twelve findings of fact, which relate to the following

factors in R.C. 2151.414(E): (1) the parents continuously and repeatedly failed to substantially

remedy the conditions causing the child to be placed outside the home, despite “reasonable

case planning and diligent efforts by the agency to assist the parents”; (2) the parent’s chronic

mental or emotional illness or chemical dependency “is so severe that it makes the parent

unable to provide an adequate permanent home for the child at the present time and, as

anticipated, within one year after the court holds the hearing * * * ”; (3) “The parent has

demonstrated a lack of commitment toward the child by failing to regularly support * * * the

child when able to do so, or by other actions showing an unwillingness to provide an adequate

permanent home for the child”; (4) a parent has been convicted or has pled guilty to an offense

under R.C. 2907.05, and “the child, a sibling of the child, or another child who lived in the

parent's household at the time of the offense is the victim of the offense”; (5) a “parent for any

reason is unwilling to provide food, clothing, shelter, and other basic necessities for the child
                                                                                                                                     15


or to prevent the child from suffering physical, emotional, or sexual abuse or physical,

emotional, or mental neglect”; and (6) a “parent has committed abuse as described in section

2151.031 of the Revised Code against the child * * and the court determines that the

seriousness, nature, or likelihood of recurrence of the abuse * * * makes the child's placement

with the child's parent a threat to the child's safety.” These items pertain, respectively, to

R.C. 2151.414(E)(1), (2), (4), 7(d), (14), and (15).3

         {¶ 38}        The trial court’s findings of fact specifically refer to GCCSB’s continuous

involvement with the family for several years; Michael’s conviction for gross sexual

imposition in 1997, in connection with his eight-year old daughter from a previous marriage;

Danielle’s inability to recognize Michael’s prior sexual offending as a concern for the

children’s safety; the fact that not even “skilled psychological treatment for an extended

period would be sufficient to address [Danielle’s] underlying incapacity to put the needs of her

children first”; the fact that “both the children and their parents engage in a pretense of

positive relationship, but that there is actually no genuine concern or bond”; statements made

by G.L. and M.L. in therapy, and symptoms that indicate they have been the subject of sexual

abuse or victimization; the children’s expressed desire to live with their grandfather (who is

unavailable) or foster parents, not their biological parents; the parents’ lack of employment for

many years; the parents’ complete financial dependence on Danielle’s parents for many years,

which dependence could no longer be sustained; the lack of running water in a house that is

            3
               The abuse referred to in R.C. 2151.414 includes abuse described in R.C. 2151.031, which defines an “abused child” as one who “is
 the victim of ‘sexual activity’ as defined under Chapter 2907. of the Revised Code, where such activity would constitute an offense under that
 chapter, except that the court need not find that any person has been convicted of the offense in order to find that the child is an abused child
 * * * .” R.C. 2151.031(A).
                                                                                              16


“falling apart”; the parents’ positive tests for illegal drug use, even at the time of the

permanent custody hearing; and Michael’s volatile temper and mood swings, which place the

children’s safety at risk.   Because these matters clearly and convincingly support termination

of parental rights under R.C. 2151.141(E)(2), (4), (7)(d), (14), and (15), GCCSB did not have

to establish that it made diligent efforts to assist the parents under R.C. 2151.141(E)(1).

        {¶ 39}    Although Danielle and Michael have not presented a manifest weight

challenge, we have noted even in that context, that:

                 A trial court's decision on termination “will not be overturned as against the

        manifest weight of the evidence if the record contains competent, credible evidence by

        which the court could have formed a firm belief or conviction that the essential

        statutory elements for a termination of parental rights have been established.” In re

        A.U., Montgomery App. No. 22264, 2008-Ohio-186, at ¶ 15 (citations omitted).

        Furthermore, “issues relating to the credibility of witnesses and the weight to be given

        the evidence are primarily for the trier of fact.” In re A.J.S., Miami App. No.2007 CA

        2, 2007-Ohio-3433, at ¶ 22. The “rationale of giving deference to the findings of the

        trial court rests with the knowledge that the trial judge is best able to view the

        witnesses and observe their demeanor, gestures and voice inflections, and use these

        observations in weighing the credibility of the proffered testimony.” Seasons Coal Co.,

        Inc. v. City of Cleveland (1984), 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 80, 461 N.E.2d 1273. In re J.Y.,

        2d Dist. Miami No. 07-CA-35, 2008-Ohio-3485, ¶ 33.

        {¶ 40}    Our review of the record, transcript, and exhibits indicates that there is

competent, credible evidence that would allow the trial court to conclude that the statutory
                                                                                                     17


elements for termination under R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a) and (E) have been satisfied with regard

to both parents. The trial court made it clear in its decision that it did not believe the parents

or their witnesses, and that was within the court’s purview, since the court had the opportunity

to view the witnesses and observe their demeanor.

       {¶ 41}    Accordingly, the First Assignment of Error is overruled.



              III. The Trial Court Did Not Err in Finding that the Children

             Could Not be Placed with the Parents within a Reasonable Time

       {¶ 42}    Danielle’s and Michael’s Second Assignment of Error is as follows:

                THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT THE CHILDREN COULD

       NOT BE PLACED WITH THE PARENTS WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME.

       {¶ 43}    Under this assignment of error, Danielle and Michael challenge the testimony

of the psychologist, Dr. Battle, who rendered an opinion that Danielle could not be treated and

counseled to the point that she could provide adequate care for her children. They note that

the doctor only spent two hours with Danielle, and that Danielle had reason to be depressed,

given the recent loss of her mother and the prospect of losing her children. They also stress

that Dr. Battle did not explain how Michael would still be a threat to the children.

       {¶ 44}    We disagree with this representation of the facts. Dr. Battle had prepared

three reports based on her evaluations of Danielle: one in 2005; one in 2009; and one in

2012. The past evaluations, as well as the 2012 evaluation, included psychological testing.

While Dr. Battle indicated that Danielle’s depression was understandable, her concern about

Danielle’s ability to provide care for the children was not based on the fact that Danielle may
                                                                                            18


have been depressed. Dr. Battle’s opinion that Danielle was even less able to care for her

children than in the past was based, in part, on the fact that Danielle previously had a good

support system, and now did not. Furthermore, Dr. Battle stressed that despite improvement

in Danielle’s depression in 2009, her parenting ability had never improved.

       {¶ 45}    In addition, Dr. Battle expressed significant concern about Danielle’s ability

to protect the children. This was based on the fact that Danielle’s denial of the problem

posed by Michael’s status as a sex offender prevented her from taking necessary steps to

formulate a plan that would provide protection for the children.            As noted previously,

Dr. Battle stated that this would not change, even with skilled psychotherapeutic treatment,

due to Danielle’s underlying inability to put the needs of her children first.

       {¶ 46}    Dr. Battle’s failure to have interviewed Michael does not render her opinions

unworthy of belief. Dr. Battle indicated in her testimony that she had independent knowledge

of the victim and the circumstances surrounding Michael’s sexual abuse case. Had this

knowledge been favorable to Michael, the doctor would have said so, or would have factored

it into her opinion. Furthermore, the record contains substantial evidence supporting the

conclusion that Michael is a threat to the children, including the fact that Michael and Danielle

continued to minimize his past actions, that G.L. reported that he had been inappropriately

touched by his father, that M.L. reported having been exposed to inappropriate sexual items at

her parents’ home, that both children showed signs of sexual abuse or victimization; and that

these signs increased or resurfaced in M.L. following visitation with her parents.

       {¶ 47}    Accordingly, the trial court did not err in concluding that M.L. and G.L.

could not be placed with their parents within a reasonable time. The Second Assignment of
                                                                                      19


Error is overruled.



                                       IV. Conclusion

       {¶ 48} Both of Danielle’s and Michael’s assignments of error having been overruled,

the judgment of the trial court is Affirmed.

                                                .............

DONOVAN and FROELICH, JJ., concur.



Copies mailed to:

Stephen K. Haller / Elizabeth Ellis
Nathaniel R. Luken
Thomas H. Hahn
Hon. Robert W. Hutcheson
