                                                                         F I L E D
                                                                  United States Court of Appeals
                                                                          Tenth Circuit
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                          DEC 1 2000
                                    TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                     PATRICK FISHER
                                                                              Clerk

 LEONARD ARCHULETA,

          Petitioner - Appellant,
 v.

 JOE WILLIAMS, Warden, Lea County
 Correctional Facility; GARY
 JOHNSON, Governor, State of New
 Mexico; ROBERT PERRY, Secretary                         No. 00-2216
 of Corrections; NEW MEXICO                    (D.C. No. CIV-00-641-JC/DJS)
 CORRECTIONS DEPARTMENT,                          (District of New Mexico)
 State of New Mexico; WACKENHUT
 CORRECTIONS CORPORATION, a
 Florida corporation; LEA COUNTY,
 NEW MEXICO; ATTORNEY
 GENERAL FOR THE STATE OF
 NEW MEXICO,

          Respondents - Appellees.


                             ORDER AND JUDGMENT *


Before BALDOCK, HENRY and LUCERO, Circuit Judges.




      *
         The case is unanimously ordered submitted without oral argument
pursuant to Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2) and 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). This order and
judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case,
res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of
orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the
terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
      Leonard Archuleta, appearing pro se, seeks a certificate of appealability

(“COA”) pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c) to challenge the district court’s denial

of his petition for a writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241. While

incarcerated in a private correctional facility in New Mexico, Archuleta filed the

instant petition in United States District Court for the District of New Mexico

challenging his transfer to, and incarceration in, a private facility. Construing his

pro-se petition liberally, as we must under Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519,

520-21 (1972), Archuleta claims his incarceration in a private facility violates

various state laws as well as his rights under the First, Eighth, and Fourteenth

Amendments to the United States Constitution. 1 Because we conclude that

Archuleta has not “made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional

right,” we decline to grant COA. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2).

      Respondent Wackenhut Corrections Corporation operates the Lea County

Correctional Facility (“LCCF”) under a contract with respondent Lea County,

New Mexico. Petitioner alleges that the contracts between the New Mexico

Corrections Department and Lea County and between Lea County and Wackenhut

violate state law and his constitutional rights to due process, equal protection



      1
         Because the § 2241 petition in this case is nearly identical to those filed
in Davis v. Williams , No. 00-2250 (10th Cir., filed August 4, 2000), and     Hall v.
Williams , No. 00-2239 (10th Cir., filed August 28, 2000),     our orders and
judgments in those cases are virtually identical to that in the instant case.

                                          -2-
under the law, and freedom from cruel and unusual punishment. Petitioner also

alleges that the terms of the contracts violate his constitutional rights by

furnishing Lea County with an incentive to create poor conditions and deny

petitioner good time credits. Further, petitioner alleges that Wackenhut has

detained petitioner’s “class members” past their release dates in an effort to

increase profits under the contract. According to petitioner, Lea County has

breached the contracts by failing to ensure proper classification of inmates and

failing to provide a sufficient number of properly trained and adequately

experienced staff.

      Petitioner also raises various additional state law claims. He claims

respondents violated state law by failing to ensure LCCF met or exceeded

corrections department standards. Further, petitioner claims that the contracts

violate state law because Lea County is not in the business of providing

correctional jail services as contemplated by state law. Finally, petitioner claims

respondents’ conduct constitutes fraud, deceptive trade practices, and a pattern of

racketeering, all in violation of state law.

      A magistrate judge sua sponte issued an order to show cause why the

petition should not be dismissed for failure to exhaust state remedies. In his

response, petitioner claimed that exhaustion was not required because he has

raised claims implicating important state interests. Petitioner further claimed that


                                           -3-
the state waived the exhaustion requirement. Finally, petitioner claimed that he

would be prejudiced by exhaustion due to undue delay and futility in the state

court proceedings. After considering his objections, the district court dismissed

the petition without prejudice for failure to exhaust. The district court

subsequently denied his application for COA, noting petitioner failed to make the

required showing under 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2).

      We conclude petitioner has not made the required showing for COA such

that reasonable jurists could debate whether the petition should have been

resolved in a different manner. See Slack v. McDaniel, 120 S. Ct. 1595, 1603-04

(2000). To begin with, petitioner’s state law claims are not cognizable in a

federal habeas action. See 28 U.S.C. § 2241(c)(3); Montez v. McKinna, 208 F.3d

862, 865 (10th Cir. 2000). Furthermore, to the extent petitioner challenges his

transfer to a private facility or his placement in the facility pursuant to contract,

such a claim is not cognizable under § 2241. See Montez, 208 F.3d at 866;

accord Rael v. Williams, __ F.3d __, 2000 WL 1051845 (10th Cir. July 31, 2000)

(holding the fact that an inmate is transferred to, or must reside in, a private

prison does not raise a federal constitutional claim). 2 Finally, to the extent

petitioner raises cognizable federal constitutional claims, the district court



      2
         We note that the district court did not have the benefit of our decision in
Rael , which we decided after the district court dismissed the petition.

                                           -4-
properly dismissed his petition without prejudice for failure to exhaust. “Before a

federal court may grant habeas relief to a state prisoner, the prisoner must exhaust

his remedies in state court. In other words, the state prisoner must give the state

courts an opportunity to act on his claims before he presents those claims to a

federal court in a habeas petition.” O’Sullivan v. Boerckel, 526 U.S. 838, 842

(1999); accord Brown v. Shanks, 185 F.3d 1122, 1124 (10th Cir. 1999).

      The application for a certificate of appealability is DENIED. This matter

is DISMISSED. 3

      The mandate shall issue forthwith.

                                       ENTERED FOR THE COURT



                                       Carlos F. Lucero
                                       Circuit Judge




      3
         See Hogan v. Zavaras , 93 F.3d 711, 712 (10th Cir. 1996)   (denying COA
and dismissing an appeal of the district court’s denial of a § 2241 petition for
failure to exhaust).

                                         -5-
