     IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

 LEE ISRAEL,                            §
                                        §   No. 141, 2016
       Defendant Below-                 §
       Appellant,                       §
                                        §
       v.                               §   Court Below—Superior Court
                                        §   of the State of Delaware
 STATE OF DELAWARE,                     §
                                        §   Cr. ID 85002615DI
       Plaintiff Below-                 §
       Appellee.                        §

                          Submitted: May 3, 2016
                          Decided:   June 20, 2016

Before STRINE, Chief Justice; VAUGHN, and SEITZ, Justices.

                                   ORDER

      This 20th day of June 2016, upon consideration of the opening brief,

the motion to affirm, and the record below, it appears to the Court that:

      (1)     The appellant, Lee Israel, filed this appeal from the Superior

Court’s order denying his motion for correction of sentence. The State filed

a motion to affirm the judgment below on the ground that it is manifest on

the face of Israel’s opening brief that his appeal is without merit. We agree

and affirm.

       (2)    A Superior Court jury convicted Israel in 1985 of one count

each of Rape in the First Degree, Burglary in the First Degree, Attempted

Burglary in the Second Degree, and Theft. In February 1986, the Superior
Court sentenced Israel to life imprisonment plus a term of 52 years. We

affirmed his convictions and sentence on direct appeal.1 Since that time,

Israel has filed multiple unsuccessful motions for postconviction relief.2

      (3)    In February 2016, Israel filed a motion for correction of illegal

sentence. He argued that his life sentence for rape is illegal because it

constitutes cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment of

the United States Constitution. The Superior Court denied Israel’s motion.

This appeal followed.

      (4)    We review the Superior Court’s denial of a motion for

correction of sentence under Rule 35(a) for abuse of discretion, although

questions of law are reviewed de novo.3 Under Rule 35(a), a sentence is

illegal if it exceeds statutory limits, violates double jeopardy, is ambiguous

with respect to the time and manner in which it is to be served, is internally

contradictory, omits a term required to be imposed by statute, is uncertain as

to the substance of the sentence, or is an unauthorized sentence.4

      (5)    Israel raises one argument in his opening brief on appeal. He

contends that statutory changes that have been enacted since his 1986



1
  Israel v. State, 1986 WL 17349 (Del. Aug. 22, 1986).
2
  See Israel v. State, 2015 WL 4651324 (Del. Aug. 5, 2015); Israel v. State, 2005 WL
535349 (Del. Feb. 25, 2005); Israel v. State, 1996 WL 283596 (Del. May 21, 1996).
3
  Fountain v. State, 2014 WL 4102069, at *1 (Del. Aug. 19, 2014).
4
  Brittingham v. State, 705 A.2d 577, 578 (Del. 1998).


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sentencing reflect “evolving standards of decency”5 that render his life

sentence disproportionate and excessive under the Eighth Amendment’s

prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. He points out that since

1986, the Delaware General Assembly has eliminated mandatory life

sentences for rape and has reduced the minimum mandatory terms of

incarceration on all of his offenses. He suggests that these statutory changes

reflect a consensus that his life sentence for rape is disproportionate.

         (6)     After careful consideration, we find no merit to Israel’s

argument. Under 11 Del. C. § 773(a)(2)a and § 4205(b)(1), a life sentence

for first degree rape was a legal punishment when Israel was sentenced in

1985 and is still a legal punishment today. In short, his sentence is not

illegal, and the Superior Court did not err in concluding that Israel’s motion

for correction of sentence had no legal merit.

         NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the judgment of the

Superior Court is AFFIRMED.

                                              BY THE COURT:

                                              /s/ Collins J. Seitz, Jr.
                                                     Justice




5
    Wallace v. State, 956 A.2d 630, 639 (Del. 2008).


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