                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION

                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         FILED
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT                          SEP 16 2015

                                                                        MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

IDAHO BUILDING AND                               No. 11-35985
CONSTRUCTION TRADES COUNCIL,
AFL-CIO; SOUTHWEST IDAHO                         D.C. No. 1:11-cv-00253-BLW
BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION
TRADES COUNCIL, AFL-CIO,
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
              Plaintiffs - Appellees,

 v.

INLAND PACIFIC CHAPTER OF
ASSOCIATED BUILDERS AND
CONTRACTORS, INC.,

              Applicant-in-intervention -
Appellant,

 v.

LAWRENCE G. WASDEN, in his official
capacity as Attorney General of the State
of Idaho and TIM MASON, in his official
capacity as Administrator of the Division
of Public Works,

              Defendants - Appellees.




        *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
IDAHO BUILDING AND                              No. 12-35051
CONSTRUCTION TRADES COUNCIL,
AFL-CIO; SOUTHWEST IDAHO                        D.C. No. 1:11-cv-00253-BLW
BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION
TRADES COUNCIL, AFL-CIO,

              Plaintiffs - Appellees,

 v.

LAWRENCE G. WASDEN, in his official
capacity as Attorney General of the State
of Idaho and TIM MASON, in his official
capacity as Administrator of the Division
of Public Works,

              Defendants - Appellants.


                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                             for the District of Idaho
                 B. Lynn Winmill, Chief District Judge, Presiding

                              Argued May 6, 2013
                           Submitted September 16, 2015
                                Portland, Oregon

Before: REINHARDT, BERZON, and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges.

      The Idaho Building and Construction Trades Council, AFL-CIO, and

Southwest Idaho Building and Construction Trades Council, AFL-CIO

(collectively, the “Trades Councils”), brought suit to enjoin the enforcement of two

Idaho statutes: the Open Access to Work Act (“OAA”), codified at Idaho Code §

44-2013, and the Fairness in Contracting Act, codified at Idaho Code § 44-2012.
In an opinion published concurrently with this disposition, we affirm the district

court’s grant of summary judgment to the Trades Councils with regard to the

Fairness in Contracting Act. Here, we hold that the Trades Councils lack standing

to assert their challenge to the Open Access to Work Act, vacate the district court’s

award of summary judgment to the Trades Councils as to the OAA claim, and

remand with instructions to dismiss that claim. See Chapman v. Pier 1 Imports

(U.S.) Inc., 631 F.3d 939, 955 (9th Cir. 2011) (en banc). We also affirm the

district court’s denial of the motion by the Inland Pacific Chapter of the Associated

Builders and Contractors, Inc. (“ABC”) to intervene.

      1. As the state has conceded, Administrator Mason is a proper defendant

under Ex parte Young, 209 U.S. 123 (1908).

      2. The Trades Councils lack standing because they have adduced no

evidence, and made no allegation, that they have ever sought a PLA with an Idaho

state or local government entity. Moreover, on partial remand, which we ordered

in part to “allow[] both parties to supplement the record with any information that

may bear on the justiciability of [this] claim under . . . and Article III of the

Constitution,” the Trades Councils offered no new information suggesting any

near-term likelihood that they would seek a PLA. Because they have not sought a




                                            3
PLA with a local or State entity and have presented no evidence that they intend to

do so, there is no injury.

      3. The district court properly denied intervention as a matter of right,

because the state defendants adequately represent ABC’s interests. See Freedom

from Religion Found., Inc. v. Geithner, 644 F.3d 836, 841 (9th Cir. 2011). We

presume adequate representation where, as here “the ultimate objective for both

defendant[s] and intervenor-defendants is upholding the validity” of the state

statute. Prete v. Bradbury, 438 F.3d 949, 957 (9th Cir. 2006). We also assume

that the government adequately represents the constituency it represents.

California ex rel. Lockyer v. United States, 450 F.3d 436, 443 (9th Cir. 2006).

While the ABC contends that Idaho “will not make arguments the [ABC] is willing

to make,” Idaho has “mount[ed] a vigorous defense” of the statutes at issue in this

case, and “any differences between [Idaho] and the [ABC] are primarily

differences as to litigation tactics.” Perry v. Proposition 8 Official Proponents,

587 F.3d 947, 952 (9th Cir. 2009). Particularly where the proposed intervenor is

permitted to file an amicus brief, as ABC did both in the district court and before

us, “a dispute over litigation strategy or tactics” is insufficient to overcome the

presumption of adequate representation. Id. at 954. Sagebrush Rebellion v. Watt,

713 F.2d 525 (9th Cir. 1983), on which ABC relies to the contrary, “turn[ed] on the


                                           4
lack of any real adversarial relationship between the plaintiffs and the defendants,”

which “is not the situation here.” Gonzalez v. Arizona, 485 F.3d 1041, 1052 (9th

Cir. 2007).

      The district court found all the requirements of permissive intervention

satisfied, but denied intervention in the exercise of its discretion. Again,

particularly in light of ABC’s ability to make its argument as an amicus, and of the

meritlessness of that argument, the district court did not abuse its discretion by

denying permissive intervention.

      AFFIRMED IN PART, VACATED IN PART, AND REMANDED.




                                           5
