[Cite as Melton v. Guy, 2016-Ohio-194.]


                                       COURT OF APPEALS
                                     LICKING COUNTY, OHIO
                                   FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT


TIMOTHY A. MELTON                           :       JUDGES:
                                            :       Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
        Plaintiff - Appellant               :       Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
                                            :       Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
-vs-                                        :
                                            :
DONNA GUY, et al.,                          :       Case No. 15-CA-33
                                            :
        Defendants - Appellees              :       OPINION



CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                            Appeal from the Licking County
                                                    Court of Common Pleas, Case No.
                                                    2014 CV 00057


JUDGMENT:                                           Affirmed in part;
                                                    Reversed and remanded in part



DATE OF JUDGMENT:                                   January 20, 2016


APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellant                             For Defendants-Appellees
JOHN K. FITCH                                       KEONA R. PADGETT
The Fitch Law Firm                                  MATTHEW L. SCHRADER
580 South High Street, Ste. 100                     Reminger Co., L.P.A.
Columbus, Ohio 43215                                65 East State Street, 4th Floor
                                                    Columbus, Ohio 43215

                                                    For Ohio Bureau of Worker’s
                                                    Compensation
                                                    ANDREW P. COOKE
                                                    ADAM J. BENNETT
                                                    Cooke Demers, LLC
                                                    260 Market Street, Suite F
                                                    New Albany, Ohio 43054
Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-33                                                             2




Baldwin, J.

        {¶1}   Plaintiff-appellant Timothy Melton appeals from the May 12, 2015 Nunc Pro

Tunc Judgment Entry of the Licking County Court of Common Pleas.

                            STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE

        {¶2}   On October 18, 2012, appellant, a truck driver, was injured in an automobile

accident. At the emergency room, appellant was diagnosed with a fracture of his fifth

metacarpal on the left-hand side. Appellant, on January 22, 2014, filed a complaint against

appellees Donna Guy, the driver, and Ed’s Sleds, the owner of the vehicle that appellee

Guy was driving, alleging negligence. Appellant alleged that he sustained permanent

injuries, pain and suffering, mental anguish and emotional distress, past and future

medical expenses and wage loss and permanent impairment of his earning capacity as a

result of the accident.

        {¶3}   After the parties stipulated as to liability, a jury trial commenced on April 16,

2015. At trial, Dr. Paul Gutheil, appellant’s family doctor, testified, via videotaped

deposition, on behalf of appellant and Dr. James Popp testified, via videotaped

deposition, on behalf of appellees. Appellant and appellee Donna Guy also testified.

        {¶4}   At the conclusion of the trial, the jury, on April 17, 2015, found in favor of

appellant and against appellee Donna Guy and awarded appellant $50,000.00 for past

economic damages and $30,000.00 for past non-economic damages, for a total of

$80,000.00. The jury declined to award appellant any future damages. The jury, in an

interrogatory, found that the injury sustained by appellant to his left hand was not a
Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-33                                                          3


permanent and substantial physical deformity, loss of use of a limb, or loss of a bodily

organ system. An Entry memorializing the jury’s verdict was filed on April 17, 2015.

      {¶5}   Appellant, on April 27, 2015, filed a Motion to Tax Costs.

      {¶6}   The trial court, on May 12, 2015, filed a Nunc Pro Tunc Judgment Entry.

The trial court, in such Judgment Entry, assessed costs to appellant and stated that its

order was a final appealable order.

      {¶7}   Appellant now raises the following assignments of error on appeal:

      {¶8}   THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN SUSTAINING OBJECTIONS TO THE

DEPOSITIONS OF DRS. GUTHEIL AND POPP AND THE MRI, EMG AND X-RAY

REPORTS, AS WELL AS THE OBSERVATIONS OF THE APPELLANT’S TREATING

PROVIDERS, ON THE BASIS OF HEARSAY.

      {¶9}   THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ASSESSING COSTS TO APPELLANT,

THE PREVAILING PARTY.

                                                 I

      {¶10} Appellant, in his first assignment of error, argues that the trial court erred in

sustaining objections to the depositions of Dr. Gutheil and Dr. Popp and the MRI, EMG

and X-ray reports, as well as the observations of appellant’s treating providers, on the

basis of hearsay.

      {¶11} As an initial matter, we note that the parties stipulated as to the authenticity

of the records at issue and agreed that it was unnecessary to call records custodians.

However, appellees did not waive their hearsay objections to the admission of the

records.
Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-33                                                                      4


        {¶12} The admission or exclusion of relevant evidence lies within the sound

discretion of the trial court. State v. Sage, 31 Ohio St.3d 173, 510 N.E.2d 343 (1987). In

order to find an abuse of discretion, we must find that the trial court's decision was

arbitrary, unconscionable, or unreasonable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217,

219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).

        {¶13} Appellant, after the accident, had been referred by Dr. Gutheil to Dr. Keith

LaDu, an orthopedic surgeon. Dr. LaDu did not testify at trial. During his deposition, Dr.

Gutheil testified that Dr. LaDu’s notes indicated a diffuse swelling of the hands and fingers

and that “it’s consistent with the injury overall.” Deposition of Dr. Gutheil at 19. Appellees’

objection to such testimony on the basis of hearsay was sustained by the trial court and

that portion of his video trial deposition was redacted prior to the same being played for

the jury. After appellant attempted to have Dr. LaDu’s office notes and operative report

admitted at trial as an exhibits, appellees objected because they contained his opinions,

impressions and plans and Dr. LaDu was not a testifying witness and the objection was

sustained.

        {¶14} Dr. Gutheil’s testimony during his deposition that the MRIs revealed cysts

on the carpal bones of the hand that “are almost always due to trauma and fracture of the

carpal bones” (Deposition Transcript of Dr. Gutheil at 20), his testimony that a positive

EMG (ordered by Dr. Faher) noted that appellant’s medial nerve had been injured1, and

his testimony as to what was significant about the findings of an MRI taken on April 1,

2013 and another MRI taken on February 28, 2015 were all stricken on the basis of

hearsay. The trial court further sustained appellees’ objection to the admission of


1 Dr. Gutheil was permitted to testify that the EMG had been performed, but was not allowed to read from
the same.
Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-33                                                      5


appellant’s physical therapy records after appellee’s counsel argued that they “contain

assessments and recommendations beyond simply documenting physical condition.”

Trial Transcript at 84. Appellant made a formal proffer.

      {¶15} With respect to Dr. Popp, appellant, during Dr. Popp’s deposition,

questioned Dr. Popp about the x-ray report taken immediately after the accident. After

Dr. Popp was asked what the radiologist had concluded in such report, the trial court

sustained appellee’s objection to such testimony and such testimony was excluded.

      {¶16} According to appellant, Dr. LaDu’s observations and those made by the

neurologist with respect to the EMG, the radiologists with respect to the MRIs and

appellant’s physical therapists were exceptions to the hearsay rule under Evid.R. 803(6)

and were improperly excluded. The trial court, as is stated above, excluded the above

testimony and records on the basis of hearsay. Evid.R. 801(C) defines hearsay as “a

statement, other than one made by the declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing,

offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted.”     Evid.R. 803 contains

hearsay exceptions. Evid.R. 803(6) states as follows:

                    (6) Records of regularly conducted activity. A

             memorandum, report, record, or data compilation, in any form,

             of acts, events, or conditions, made at or near the time by, or

             from information transmitted by, a person with knowledge, if

             kept in the course of a regularly conducted business activity,

             and if it was the regular practice of that business activity to

             make the memorandum, report, record, or data compilation,

             all as shown by the testimony of the custodian or other
Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-33                                                   6


             qualified witness or as provided by Rule 901(B)(10), unless

             the source of information or the method or circumstances of

             preparation indicate lack of trustworthiness. The term

             “business” as used in this paragraph includes business,

             institution, association, profession, occupation, and calling of

             every kind, whether or not conducted for profit.

      {¶17} The Staff Notes to this rule note that:

                    The Ohio rule departs from the Federal Evidence rule

             by deleting “opinions and diagnoses” as admissible under the

             section. It is not clear how far present Ohio law permits such

             evidence to be admitted. In Hytha v. Schwendeman (1974),

             40 Ohio App.2d 478, the Franklin County Court of Appeals set

             forth seven criteria for a diagnosis to be admissible when

             contained in a hospital record. The Hytha case may retain

             validity in so far as it may assist in determining the point at

             which, in medical records, an act, event or condition

             admissible under the exception becomes an impermissible

             opinion or diagnosis under the rule.

      {¶18} As noted by the court in Ruth v. Moncrief, 2nd Dist No. 18479, 2001-Ohio-

1709 at 3:   “The great weight of authority in Ohio holds that medical opinions and

diagnoses are not within the hearsay exception of Evid.R. 803(6). See, e.g., Meyers v.

Hot Bagels Factory, Inc. (1999), 131 Ohio App.3d 82, 101 (First District); Hytha v.

Schwendeman (1974), 40 Ohio App.2d 478, syllabus (Tenth District); Bush v. Burchett
Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-33                                                             7


(June 13, 1995), Athens App. No. 94CA2237, unreported, at 3-4 (Fourth District).” See

also Guarino-Wong v. Hosler, 1st Dist. No. C-120453, 2013-Ohio-1625 in which the court

held that a non-testifying doctor’s report and testimony from other doctors quoting that

report was not admissible under Evid.R. 803(6) because the evidence contained the non-

testifying doctor’s opinions.   The court noted at paragraph 17 that “other districts have

joined the Meyers court in concluding that medical records containing opinions and

diagnoses are not admissible under Evid.R. 803(6).”

       {¶19} Based on the foregoing, we find that the trial court did not err in excluding

the above testimony and records since they contained not just observations, but the

assessments, opinions impressions and recommendations of non-testifying doctors and

medical personnel. Moreover, we note that while appellant argues that the trial court erred

in striking his testimony relating to an x-ray that was taken in his office on the basis of

hearsay, such testimony was contained in a response to a question about the significance

of MRI findings.

       {¶20} Moreover, assuming arguendo, that the trial court erred in excluding the

specified testimony and records, we find that such error was harmless. “An improper

evidentiary ruling constitutes reversible error, however, only when the error affects the

substantial rights of the adverse party or the ruling is inconsistent with substantial justice.”

Beard v. Meridia Huron Hosp., 106 Ohio St.3d 237, 2005–Ohio–4787, 834 N.E.2d 323, ¶

35. In order to find that substantial justice has been done, “the reviewing court must not

only weigh the prejudicial effect of those errors but also determine that, if those errors

had not occurred, the jury or other trier of the facts would probably have made the same

decision.” (Citations omitted). Id. at ¶ 35, 834 N.E.2d 323.
Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-33                                                         8


       {¶21} At issue was whether or not appellant’s injuries were permanent and

continuing. Appellant testified that after Dr. LaDu performed surgery on his hand, he

attended physical therapy for about four months and that he was off of work completely

for approximately six weeks. When he returned to work, appellant was on light duty until

September of 2013. Appellant testified that in 2014, he changed job positions because

he was having a hard time lifting and moving freight with his hand due to pain. According

to appellant, he cannot make a fist anymore with his left hand and is called “hook” by his

co-workers. Trial Transcript at 26. Appellant also testified that he continued having

problems with his left hand, including pain and swelling, and that he did not have any of

those types of problems with his left hand prior to the accident. Appellant stated that he

used ice every night as a method to control the pain and swelling and that he did not like

taking drugs. He agreed that when he worked with his left hand, it became more painful

and tended to swell.

       {¶22} On cross-examination, appellant testified that he was returned to work by

Dr. Gutheil’s office without restrictions in September of 2013 and was returned to do

exactly what he had been doing before the accident. He admitted that other than the

Naproxen that he took for a short time, he had never taken any medications for the pain

in his wrist, hand and thumb and was not taking any drugs as of the time of trial. Appellant

also testified that he had not been back to see Dr. LaDu for any medical care or treatment

since April of 2013. The following testimony was adduced when appellant was asked if

he had any plans for future medical treatment:
Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-33                                                            9


       {¶23} A: Well, according to Dr. Gutheil, which I didn’t know I had to have more

surgery maybe down the road. I don’t – that kind of got to me. I didn’t know that was

going to happen.

       {¶24} Q:    Was that the first time that you had heard from Mr. Gutheil that you

might have to have surgery in the future is when you watched that deposition?

       {¶25} A: Yes, sir.

       {¶26} Q: In other words, in all your visits with Dr. Gutheil in his office, he never

told you you were going to need surgery in the future, did he?

       {¶27} A: I don’t always see Dr. Gutheil. I usually see his daughter.

       {¶28} Q: And my question was a little bit more broad. Every time you’re at Dr.

Gutheil’s office, during none of those visits at Dr. Gutheil’s office did anybody ever tell you

that you were going to need surgery in the future, is that fair?

       {¶29} A: That’s fair.

       {¶30} Q:     And that first time that you heard that you might need surgery for a

ligament in your wrist was when you heard Dr. Gutheil’s testimony this morning just like

the ladies and gentlemen of the jury did.

       {¶31} A: That’s correct.

       {¶32} Trial Transcript at 56-57.

       {¶33} On cross-examination, appellant testified that he had a family history of

arthritis. He testified that during visits to Dr. Gutheil in February of 2013 and June of 2013,

he did not complain of hand, wrist or thumb pain. He further stated that he did not recall

indicating to Dr. Gutheil’s daughter, who is also a doctor, in September of 2013 that his

thumb pain was better and describing his pain as a one out of ten. Appellant also testified
Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-33                                                           10


that after returning to work in September of 2013, he did not see a medical doctor about

his left hand, wrist or thumb until he saw Dr. Season in November of 2014 at his attorney’s

request. During that time, he was working 55 to 60 hours per week as a driver. Appellant

agreed that the only reason he saw Dr. Gutheil in November of 2014 was because Dr.

Season sent him to Dr. Gutheil for x-rays.       Appellant testified that from September of

2013 until January of 2015 when Dr. Gutheil sent him for an MRI, he had no treatment on

his left hand, wrist or thumb. He further agreed that since the MRI in January of 2015, he

had had no treatment for his left hand, wrist or thumb.

       {¶34} As is stated above, the deposition testimony of Dr. Paul Gutheil, appellant’s

family doctor, was played for the jury. Dr. Gutheil testified that arthritis has many causes,

including trauma, and that erosive arthropathy, from which appellant suffered, was almost

always due to trauma. Dr. Gutheil testified that appellant sustained injuries “over across

the entire part of his hand” and sustained a fracture of the fifth metacarpal. Deposition

Transcript of Dr. Gutheil at 16. Appellant also had injuries to the median nerve and digital

nerves, fractures to the carpal bones, a torn triangular fibrocartilage and had developed

a cyst in the carpal bones as a result of trauma. Dr. Gutheil opined that the injuries were

a result of the accident. According to Dr. Gutheil, the torn triangular fibrocartilage required

surgery or appellant would lose function of his wrist. When asked if the conditions were

permanent, Dr. Gutheil testified that they were and would “progress and be worse down

the road.” Deposition Transcript of Dr. Gutheil at 39. He testified that arthritis always got

worse and that appellant had a substantial and permanent physical deformity in his left

hand as a direct result of the accident and could not exist without medication. The

following is an excerpt from his testimony:
Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-33                                                        11


                     Q: Was the following medical treatment necessary and

              made necessary as a direct and proximate result of the

              accident: The EMS transport; the initial hospitalization, or ER

              visit as Genesis Hospital in Zanesville; the treatment he

              received at your office; the treatment, including surgery, by Dr.

              LaDu; the physical therapy that he received; the treatment by

              Dr. Cassandra; the two MRIs; the EMG; and the x-rays, were

              all of those things necessary and made necessary as a direct

              and proximate result of his accident?

                     Q. Go ahead.

                     A:   Absolutely. They were absolutely the way to go

              about treating trauma like this that showed on the original

              MRI, not knowing there was more fractures and all that

              involved. But the treatment was absolutely correct. And to

              follow that treatment by not doing just a MRI a year ago,

              you’ve got to have fresh MRIs because the disease process,

              when you know how the disease process with this kind of an

              injury, you know it’s gonna get worse, so you repeat it.

       {¶35} Deposition Transcript of Dr. Gutheil at 40.

       {¶36} During his deposition, Dr. Gutheil was questioned about the opinions of Dr.

James Popp, who had examined appellant at the request of the defense. He stated that

he disagreed with Dr. Popp’s conclusion that the only injury that appellant suffered in the

accident was to the fifth metacarpal. Dr. Gutheil further testified that he saw appellant in
Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-33                                                          12


his office on June 7, 2013 and that appellant indicted that his pain was getting better and

that his office notes from a visit on July 17, 2013 indicated that appellant’s pain was a

three out of ten. Dr. Gutheil’s daughter, after a visit on September 20, 2013, noted that

appellant’s pain was a one out of ten. Appellant did not complain of any problems with his

left hand, wrist or thumb during several visits. Dr. Gutheil admitted that his office released

appellant to return to work with no restrictions as of September 23, 2013 and that

appellant received no treatment from him between October 21, 2013 and November 18,

2014. During the November 2014 visit, Dr. Gutheil took x-rays of appellant’s left hand and

wrist, but he did not take x-rays of appellant’s right hand and wrist for comparison. There

was no notation in Dr. Gutheil’s record that appellant complained of any pain in his hand

or wrist during a visit on February 12, 2015.

       {¶37} After appellant rested, the deposition of Dr. James Popp, the defense

expert, was played for the jury. Dr. Popp, an orthopedic surgeon who examined appellant

on March 2, 2015 and ordered x-rays of both of appellant’s thumbs and wrists for

comparison purposes, testified that appellant sustained a fracture of the fifth metacarpal

bone of his left hand. He testified that appellant had arthritis in both wrists and thumbs,

although the left wrist was somewhat worse than the right. He opined that appellant’s

injury to his left fifth metacarpal was not permanent and took six months to heal following

physical therapy. When asked, he testified that he did not believe that appellant sustained

any injury to his left thumb as a result to the accident or any significant injury to his left

wrist and that while appellant may have sprained or strained his wrist or hand, strains

typically resolved within six weeks to three months. Dr. Popp testified that any further
Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-33                                                           13


treatment that appellant received after he completed his physical therapy would not have

been beneficial.

       {¶38} Dr. Popp also reviewed an MRI that was performed on March 5, 2015 which

showed that appellant has arthritis. He testified that appellant did not have cysts in his left

hand that resulted from the accident and concluded that more likely than not, appellant

had arthritis prior to the accident. Dr. Popp also opined that the accident did not cause

appellant to sustain any permanent physical deformity in his left wrist, that appellant was

able to independently care for himself, and that appellant was able to perform life

sustaining activities.

       {¶39} Dr. Popp also testified that he found substantial decreased grip strength in

appellant’s left hand when he examined him and that it was abnormal. Dr. Popp agreed

that there was no history of such decreased grip strength prior to the accident and that

trauma can result in arthritis. He opined that appellant probably sprained his wrist and

broke his finger in the accident. When asked if it was reasonable for appellant to be

completely off of work for period of time after the accident and surgery and then to go on

extended light duty until September of 2013, Dr. Popp stated that it was not unreasonable.

He further testified that appellant had normal grip strength in his right hand and no history

of complaints with respect to his right hand. He also testified that it was common for the

triangular fibrocartilage to be “degeneratively worn over time” and that “at the age of 60,

probably 60 percent of those tear.” Deposition of Dr. Popp at 61.

       {¶40} Based on the foregoing, we find, that based on the testimony that was

admitted, any errors in excluding the above specified testimony and records was not

prejudicial. The jury, as trier of fact, heard testimony from appellant and his witness, Dr.
Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-33                                                          14


Gutheil, and the defense witness, Dr. Popp, and determined that appellant’s injury to his

hand was not permanent.

       {¶41} Appellant’s first assignment of error is, therefore, overruled.

                                                 II

       {¶42} Appellant, in his second assignment of error, argues that the trial court erred

in assessing costs to him when he was the prevailing party.

       {¶43} According to Civ.R. 54(D), “[e]xcept when express provision therefor is

made either in a statute or in these rules, costs shall be allowed to the prevailing party

unless the court otherwise directs.” A prevailing party is generally the party “’in whose

favor the decision or verdict is rendered and judgment entered.’” Hagemeyer v. Sadowski,

86 Ohio App.3d 563, 566, 621 N.E.2d 707 (6th Dist 1993). See also Falther v. Toney,

5th Dist. Fairfield No. 05 CA 32, 2005-Ohio-5954 at paragraph 28 (observing by

comparison that “[t]he United States Supreme Court has defined a “prevailing party” as

one who has been awarded at least some relief on the merits of his claims.”).

       {¶44}   The Ohio Supreme Court has recognized that the recovery of costs

provided in Civ.R. 54(D) is not a grant of absolute right for court costs to be allowed to

the prevailing party. State ex rel. Gravill v. Fuerst, 24 Ohio St.3d 12, 13, 492 N.E.2d 809

(1986). The phrase “unless the court otherwise directs” is interpreted to grant “the court

discretion to order that the prevailing party bear all or part of his or her own costs.” Vance

v. Roedersheimer, 64 Ohio St.3d 552, 555, 597 N.E.2d 153 (1992). Therefore, such a

decision will not be disturbed on appeal absent an abuse of discretion. Holmes Cty. Bd.

of Commrs. v. McDowell, 169 Ohio App.3d 120, 2006–Ohio–5017, 862 N.E.2d 136, ¶ 43

(5th Dist.). In order to find an abuse of discretion, we must determine the trial court's
Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-33                                                                        15


decision was unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable and not merely an error of law or

judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).

        {¶45} As noted by the court in Lofino Properties, L.L.C. v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.,

2nd Dist. Greene No. 2003 CA 57, 2004-Ohio-458 at paragraph 31: “a trial court will be

found to have abused its discretion when it declines to award costs to a prevailing party

absent an explanation. Dyer v. Clark (May 5, 1992), Greene App. No. 91 CA 12, citing

Walton Commercial Enterprises, Inc. v. Associations, Conventions, Tradeshows, Inc.

(Dec. 31, 1990), Franklin. App. 90AP-581; Cutlip v. Hill (Oct. 18, 1989), Wayne App. CA

No. 2476.” See also Vilagi v. Allstate Indemn. Co., 9th Dist. Lorain App. No. 03CA008407,

2004-Ohio-4728, at ¶ 25-30.




        {¶46} In the case sub judice, the trial court did not give any explanation for taxing

costs to appellant despite appellant’s Motion to Tax Costs2. Appellant, in his motion,

asked the trial court to tax as costs the expenditures associated with taking the

depositions of Dr. Popp and Dr. Gutheil, including the costs of the court reporter and the

videographer. Both video depositions were played at trial. For such reason, we cannot

determine whether or not the trial court abused its discretion and must reverse the

judgment of the trial court and remand the matter for further proceedings.

        {¶47} Appellant’s second assignment of error is, therefore, sustained.




2The trial court did not expressly deny appellant’s motion, but taxed costs against appellant in its May 12,
2015 Nunc Pro Tunc Judgment Entry.
Licking County, Case No. 15-CA-33                                                  16


       {¶48} Accordingly, the judgment of the Licking County Court of Common Pleas is

affirmed in part and reversed in part. This matter is remanded for further proceedings

consistent with this Opinion.

By: Baldwin, J.

Gwin, P.J. and

Delaney, J. concur.
