                                         State of Vermont
                              Superior Court—Environmental Division

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                       ENTRY REGARDING MOTION
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In re Natural Environments, LLC 3-Lot Subdivision                Docket No. 58-4-11 Vtec
(Appeal from Town of Thetford Development Review Board decision)

Title: Motion for Partial Summary Judgment (Filing No. 2)
Filed: December 23, 2011
Filed By: Applicant/Appellee Natural Environments, LLC

Response in opposition filed on 2/28/12 by Appellants Daniel F. Grossman, Dana Grossman, and
     Melissa L.H. Thaxton
Reply filed on 4/25/12 by Natural Environments, LLC


    ___ Granted                      X Denied                     ___ Other


       Daniel F. Grossman, Dana Grossman, and Melissa L.H. Thaxton (“Appellants”) appeal a
decision by the Town of Thetford Development Review Board (“the DRB”) granting approval of a
subdivision application submitted by Natural Environments, LLC (“Applicant”) concerning an
118± acre tract of land Applicant owns in the Town of Thetford, Vermont. Applicant proposes to
subdivide its property into three lots of 28± acres, 29± acres, and 62± acres. As part of their appeal,
Appellants submitted a Statement of Questions containing 18 Questions. Now pending before this
Court is Applicant’s motion for partial summary judgment addressing five of these Questions.
       A court may grant summary judgment where “the pleadings, depositions, answers to
interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, . . . show that there is no
genuine issue as to any material fact and that any party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”
V.R.C.P. 56(c)(3) (2011) (amended Jan. 23, 2012).1 We will “accept as true the [factual] allegations
made in opposition to the motion for summary judgment, so long as they are supported by
affidavits or other evidentiary material,” and we will give the non-moving party the benefit of all
reasonable doubts and inferences. Robertson v. Mylan Labs., Inc., 2004 VT 15, ¶ 15, 176 Vt. 356.
       Applicant seeks summary judgment on Appellants’ Questions 12, 13, 14, and 15,
contending that the provisions of the Town of Thetford Subdivision Regulations (“the
Regulations”) pertaining to major subdivisions are inapplicable here. Applicant also seeks
summary judgment on Appellants’ Question 3, arguing that a state wastewater permit issued in
2008 for a different subdivision of its 118± acres is sufficient to show that the currently proposed
subdivision complies with state and municipal law.




1 We note that an updated version of V.R.C.P. 56 took effect on January 23, 2012. However, we analyze the
pending motions under the previous version of the rule because that version was in effect at the time the
motions were filed and the change does not affect our analysis here.
In re Natural Environments, LLC 3-Lot Subdivision, No. 58-4-11 Vtec (EO on Partial MSJ) (06-27-12)   Pg. 2 of 4.


                                      Minor and Major Subdivisions
       Because the parties do not dispute that Applicant’s proposed subdivision is a minor
subdivision as defined in the Regulations, Applicant argues that this Court should grant summary
judgment to Applicant on all of the Questions in Appellants’ Statement of Questions relating to the
provisions of the Regulations that apply only to major subdivisions. Specifically, Applicant argues
that Section 3.03, which regulates minor subdivisions, does not require compliance with Sections
6.08 and 6.09, which regulate major subdivisions.2 Applicant therefore appears to seek summary
judgment on Appellants’ Questions 12, 13, 14, and 15, which address Sections 3.03, 6.08, and 6.09.
        We interpret a zoning ordinance using the familiar rules of statutory construction. In re
Appeal of Trahan, 2008 VT 90, ¶ 19, 184 Vt. 262. We will “construe words according to their plain
and ordinary meaning, giving effect to the whole and every part of the ordinance.” Id. If the plain
language resolves the interpretive conflict, “there is no need to go further, always bearing in mind
that the paramount function of the court is to give effect to the legislative intent.” Lubinsky v. Fair
Haven Zoning Bd., 148 Vt. 47, 49 (1986).
       The plain language of Section 6.08, which governs preliminary plat layouts, and Section
6.09, which governs final plats, specifically states that those provisions apply only to major
subdivisions. Regulations §§ 6.08, 6.09. However, Section 3.03, which sets forth the procedure for
minor subdivision review, provides, in pertinent part, that “[t]he [Planning] Commission may
require where necessary for the protection of the public health, safety, and welfare, that a Minor
Subdivision comply with all or some of the requirements specified for Major Subdivisions.”
Regulations § 3.03. Thus, the plain language of Section 3.03 makes clear that Sections 6.08 and 6.09
may be applicable to minor subdivisions when the evidence presented shows that a more intensive
review of the proposed subdivision is necessary to protect public health, safety, or welfare.
       Here, Appellants’ Statement of Material Facts, filed on February 28, 2012, contains more
references to the applicable regulatory provisions than specific factual allegations that allege public
health, safety or welfare concerns. Appellants’ factual allegations are more in the order of
highlighting Applicant’s omissions in evidencing a lack of public health, safety or welfare
concerns. Nonetheless, we conclude that material facts are in dispute as to whether the proposed
minor subdivision is required to comply with Sections 6.08 and 6.09 by virtue of Section 3.03.
        Applicant argues that Appellants have not shown that the proposed subdivision will affect
public health, safety, and welfare. However, Appellants allege that the proposed subdivision
would be located on lands designated as wildlife habitat, lands that contain wetlands, and steep,
sloping lands with erodible soils. In support of these allegations, Appellants have submitted
several ANR Environmental Interest Locator maps which allegedly indicate that wetlands, critical
wildlife habitat, and steep and sloping erodible land exist on the proposed subdivision site.
(Appellants’ Statement of Material Facts, Exs. C-F, filed Feb. 28, 2012.) There does not appear to be
an allegation that the subdivision as proposed will somehow adversely impact these site attributes.
The resolution of these issues is best left to trial, where the parties may present their factual
allegations and the Court may determine their appropriate weight and credibility, particularly in
relation to the proposed subdivision. Accordingly, we conclude that material facts are in dispute


2 Appellants’ Statement of Questions also raises issues relating to Regulations Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6.
Applicant does not appear to dispute that Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, and portions of Section 6 regulate review of
minor subdivisions, and thus those Questions are not before this Court. The Statement of Questions also
raises issues under the Town of Thetford’s municipal plan and the Town of Thetford Zoning Ordinance, but
Applicant’s motion does not express concerns with respect to those Questions.
In re Natural Environments, LLC 3-Lot Subdivision, No. 58-4-11 Vtec (EO on Partial MSJ) (06-27-12)   Pg. 3 of 4.


as to whether such conditions exist on the subject property and whether they pose a threat to
public health, safety, and welfare.
         We must therefore DENY Applicant’s motion for partial summary judgment on the issue of
whether the proposed minor subdivision may be subject to those provisions of the Regulations
governing major subdivisions, namely, Sections 6.08 and 6.09 by virtue of Section 3.03. Questions
12, 13, 14, and 15 remain before the Court.
                                                Septic System
        In its motion for partial summary judgment, Applicant also contends that a state
wastewater permit issued by the Vermont Agency of Natural Resources (“ANR”) is sufficient to
show that the proposed subdivision satisfies Question 3 of Appellants’ Statement of Questions.
Question 3 asks whether the “proposed subdivision’s on-site sewage disposal systems meet the
minimum standards and design requirements imposed by the state of Vermont regulations, town
[sic] of Thetford municipal regulations, and the requirements of the Subdivision Regulations in
accordance with Sections 4.05(B)(1) and 6.14 of the Subdivision Regulations.” (Appellants’
Statement of Questions, at 1, filed May 18, 2011.)
        In 2008, ANR issued Applicant a wastewater system and potable water supply permit (“the
2008 wastewater permit”) for the construction of eight residential housing units on Applicants’
118± acre parcel, each unit containing a maximum of three bedrooms. (Motion for Partial
Summary Judgment, Ex. 3, filed Dec. 23, 2011.) In its motion for partial summary judgment,
Applicant argues that the 2008 wastewater permit creates a presumption that Applicant has
satisfied the sewage disposal requirements of the State of Vermont and Sections 4.05(B)(1) and 6.14
of the Regulations. Appellants respond that the 2008 wastewater permit addresses an entirely
different project than that which is currently proposed because the current proposal includes only
two new housing units.3 In reply, Applicant contends that the prior permit unquestionably
satisfies the sewage requirements for the current two-unit proposal because the prior permit was
issued for eight housing units.
        As of July 1, 2007, the provisions of 10 V.S.A., Chapter 64 and the Wastewater System &
Potable Water Supply Rules supersede “those provisions of municipal ordinances and zoning
bylaws that regulate potable water supplies and wastewater systems.” 10 V.S.A. § 1976(b); see also
Envtl. Protection Rules, Chp. 1, Wastewater System & Potable Water Supply Rules (“Wastewater
Rules”) § 1-501 (Sept. 29, 2007). While municipalities can continue to impose regulations that
address wastewater systems as development generally (for instance, by imposing setbacks), the
state regulations establish a comprehensive technical review and permitting process for
wastewater systems that has state-wide uniformity. 10 V.S.A. §§ 1971, 1976(b); Wastewater Rules
§ 1-501.
       Anyone who wishes to subdivide property in Vermont must first obtain an ANR
wastewater permit for the wastewater systems that will serve each proposed lot. 10 V.S.A.
§ 1973(a)(1). Thus, the submission to this Court of an ANR wastewater permit for the specific
subdivision being proposed creates a rebuttable presumption that an applicant has complied with
all applicable technical standards and criteria for wastewater systems.4 See In re Freimour &

3 According to Applicant, the existing home, which will use one of the three proposed lots, will employ a

pre-existing septic system rather than the proposed septic system.
4 The submission of an ANR wastewater permit does not create a rebuttable presumption that an applicant
has complied with those municipal regulations applicable to the proposed development that are not
superseded by 10 V.S.A., Chapter 24 and the Wastewater Rules.
In re Natural Environments, LLC 3-Lot Subdivision, No. 58-4-11 Vtec (EO on Partial MSJ) (06-27-12)        Pg. 4 of 4.


Menard Conditional Use Permit, No. 59-4-11 Vtec, slip op. at 14-15 (Vt. Super. Ct. Envtl. Div. June
6, 2012) (Durkin, J.); see also In re Bibby 5-Lot Final Plat Subdivision & Waiver Application, No.
189-11-10 Vtec, slip op. at 6 (Vt. Super Ct. Envtl. Div. Mar. 2, 2012) (Durkin, J.) (“Essentially, the
submission of [the ANR wastewater permit] to the Court establishes a rebuttable presumption
that, if Applicants construct their septic systems in compliance with that permit, there will be
adequate on-site sewage disposal for the proposed subdivision.”).
        Here, Applicant has not submitted an ANR wastewater permit for the project as currently
proposed. Nor has Applicant alleged that its project as currently proposed is one portion of the
prior proposed subdivision for which ANR granted the 2008 wastewater permit. Applicant has
also not submitted site plans or other documents providing a basis for this Court to determine
whether the currently proposed subdivision is a first step toward completion of the subdivision it
proposed to ANR in 2008. The Court is left to wonder whether the current three-lot subdivision is
a different project altogether. If Applicant wishes to benefit from a rebuttable presumption that its
proposed septic systems are adequate under state law and Sections 4.05(B)(1) and 6.14 of the
Regulations, it must submit to this Court evidence indicating that the development covered by the
2008 wastewater permit is the same as or similar to the proposed development currently before us.
In the alternative, Applicant could seek another ANR wastewater permit for the subdivision as
currently proposed.
       Based on the facts presently before us, we must DENY Applicant’s motion for partial
summary judgment on the issue of whether the 2008 wastewater permit is sufficient to show that
the proposed subdivision satisfies Question 3 of Appellants’ Statement of Questions. Question 3
remains pending before this Court.
                                                   Conclusion
        For the reasons stated above, we DENY Applicant’s motion for partial summary judgment
in its entirety. All of the Questions in Appellants’ Statement of Questions remain pending before
this Court for resolution at trial. Per the attached Notice, the Court will conduct a pre-trial
conference with the parties to discuss future scheduling.




_________________________________________                                             June 27, 2012       _
       Thomas S. Durkin, Judge                                                             Date
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Date copies sent to: ____________                                              Clerk's Initials _______
Copies sent to:
  Daniel C. Hershenson, Attorney for Appellants Daniel F. Grossman, Dana Grossman, and Melissa L.H. Thaxton
  Paul S. Gillies, Attorney for Applicant/Appellee Natural Environments, LLC
  Interested Person Town of Thetford
