MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                            FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any                                 May 09 2019, 8:44 am

court except for the purpose of establishing                                      CLERK
                                                                              Indiana Supreme Court
the defense of res judicata, collateral                                          Court of Appeals
                                                                                   and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.


ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                   ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Alexander L. Hoover                                      Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Law Office of                                            Attorney General of Indiana
Christopher G. Walter, P.C.
                                                         Benjamin Shoptaw
Nappanee, Indiana                                        Deputy Attorney General
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana



                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In the Matter of the Termination                         May 9, 2019
of Parent-Child Relationship of:                         Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                         18A-JT-2967
C.S. (Minor Child)
                                                         Appeal from the Starke Circuit
and                                                      Court
K.S. (Mother),                                           The Honorable Kim Hall, Judge
Appellant-Respondent,                                    Trial Court Cause No.
                                                         75C01-1802-JT-1
        v.

The Indiana Department of
Child Services,
Appellee-Petitioner



Baker, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-2967 | May 9, 2019                           Page 1 of 10
[1]   K.S. (Mother) appeals the order terminating her parent-child relationship with

      C.S. (Child). Mother argues that the evidence is insufficient. Finding the

      evidence sufficient, we affirm.


                                                          Facts
[2]   Child was born in November 2015. On August 25, 2016, Mother and Child’s

      father1 were arrested in Starke County on drug charges;2 on that same day,

      Mother submitted to a drug screen that returned positive for opiates. The

      Department of Child Services (DCS) removed Child and placed him in foster

      care.3


[3]   On August 26, 2016, DCS filed a petition alleging that Child was a Child in

      Need of Services (CHINS). On October 26, 2016, Mother admitted to the

      allegations in the CHINS petition, including substance abuse and her inability

      to care for Child, and the juvenile court found Child to be a CHINS. At the

      December 13, 2016, dispositional hearing, the juvenile court ordered Mother to

      participate with certain services, including completing a substance abuse

      assessment and complying with any recommendations; submitting to random




      1
          Father is not involved in this appeal.
      2
       Specifically, Mother was charged with Level 5 felony dealing in methamphetamine, Level 6 felony neglect
      of a dependent, Level 6 felony possession of precursors, Level 6 felony possession of a narcotic drug, and
      Level 6 felony maintaining a common nuisance.
      3
          Two days later, Child was placed in relative care and has remained in that placement since that time.


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-2967 | May 9, 2019                        Page 2 of 10
      drug screens; completing a parenting assessment and complying with any

      recommendations; and attending all scheduled visits with Child.


                                       Mother’s Criminal Conduct

[4]   On September 2, 2016, Mother was released from incarceration in Starke

      County so that she could participate with substance abuse treatment at Life

      Treatment Center. On October 11, 2016, a bench warrant was issued after

      Mother admitted to heroin use, absconded from drug treatment, and did not

      report back to the Starke County Justice Center. Four days later, she was

      arrested in Porter County and charged with Level 6 felony possession or control

      of a hypodermic needle. She remained incarcerated in Porter County and

      pleaded guilty on January 6, 2017. While incarcerated in Porter County, she

      completed an intensive outpatient drug treatment program. On March 3, 2017,

      she was sentenced to time served and was transported from Porter County to

      Starke County, where the charges were still pending from the August 2016

      arrest.


[5]   On May 19, 2017, Mother was released on her own recognizance on home

      detention. She was arrested on July 28, 2017, for violating the terms of her

      pretrial release after she missed two drug screens and tested positive for

      suboxone with no valid prescription. On November 16, 2017, Mother pleaded

      guilty to dealing in methamphetamine, neglect of a dependent, and possession

      of a narcotic drug. After sentencing, her earliest possible release date from the

      Department of Correction (DOC) is June 1, 2020.



      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-2967 | May 9, 2019   Page 3 of 10
                                             Mother’s Drug Use

[6]   On August 25, 2016, Mother tested positive for opiates at the time of her Starke

      County arrest. She was released on her own recognizance so that she could

      enter drug treatment; after only three clean drug screens, she spent a weekend

      away from the facility and upon returning, admitted to using heroin. She

      refused to enter detox services and left the facility. A few days later, she was

      arrested in Porter County on a new drug charge.


[7]   Mother was released on her own recognizance from incarceration in Starke

      County on May 19, 2017. She participated and provided clean drug screens

      until she tested positive for THC on July 27, 2017. The next day, she was

      placed back in Starke County Jail because she had failed to report for two drug

      screens with community corrections and had tested positive for suboxone on

      July 24, 2017. Mother is currently incarcerated in the DOC. On March 27,

      2018, she was cited for use/possession of tobacco; and on March 28, 2018, she

      was cited for use/possession of a controlled substance.


                          Mother’s Participation with Services and Visits

[8]   Mother has been incarcerated for much of the underlying CHINS case. Her

      only significant period of non-incarceration occurred between May 19, 2017,

      and July 28, 2017. During that time, she attended only six intensive outpatient

      sessions and cancelled four others. Moreover, while incarcerated, she has not

      taken advantage of programs offered by the DOC.




      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-2967 | May 9, 2019   Page 4 of 10
[9]    Mother has also failed to consistently visit Child or take advantage of all

       opportunities to maintain contact. Her first visit with Child was in June 2017,

       and because it had been ten months since Mother and Child had had contact,

       Child did not remember Mother and Mother became upset. Mother was

       authorized to have phone calls, video calls, and supervised home visits, but

       Mother did not take advantage of these opportunities because she was

       uncomfortable that Child did not remember her. She frequently failed to attend

       visits, cancelled visits, and ended visits early. She had five visits with Child in

       June 2017 and five visits with Child in July 2017. During the visits, the

       supervisor needed to prompt Mother to meet Child’s needs and had to step in to

       assist for safety reasons on more than one occasion. The supervisor reported

       that Mother tried to parent Child but did not know what to do or how to act.

       Mother was arrested again in July 2017 and has had no form of contact with

       Child since that time. Mother has made no attempt to maintain a relationship

       with Child while incarcerated.


                                          Termination Proceedings

[10]   On March 6, 2018, DCS filed a petition to terminate the parent-child

       relationship. The factfinding hearing occurred on June 20, 2018. At the

       hearing, evidence was provided that there is no evidence of a bond between

       Mother and Child. Child views his relative caregivers as his mother and father

       and views their biological children as his siblings. The home is stable, loving,

       and preadoptive, and Child is thriving. The Family Case Manager testified that

       in her opinion, termination is in Child’s best interests. On November 14, 2018,

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-2967 | May 9, 2019   Page 5 of 10
       the juvenile court issued an order terminating the parent-child relationship.

       Mother now appeals.


                                    Discussion and Decision
                                      I. Standard of Review
[11]   Our standard of review with respect to termination of parental rights

       proceedings is well established. In considering whether termination was

       appropriate, we neither reweigh the evidence nor assess witness credibility.

       K.T.K. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child Servs., 989 N.E.2d 1225, 1229 (Ind. 2013). We will

       consider only the evidence and reasonable inferences that may be drawn

       therefrom in support of the judgment, giving due regard to the trial court’s

       opportunity to judge witness credibility firsthand. Id. Where, as here, the trial

       court entered findings of fact and conclusions of law, we will not set aside the

       findings or judgment unless clearly erroneous. Id. In making that

       determination, we must consider whether the evidence clearly and convincingly

       supports the findings, and the findings clearly and convincingly support the

       judgment. Id. at 1229-30. It is “sufficient to show by clear and convincing

       evidence that the child’s emotional and physical development are threatened by

       the respondent parent’s custody.” Bester v. Lake Cty. Office of Family & Children,

       839 N.E.2d 143, 148 (Ind. 2005).


[12]   Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2) requires that a petition to terminate

       parental rights for a CHINS must make the following allegations:


               (A)      that one (1) of the following is true:
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-2967 | May 9, 2019   Page 6 of 10
                 (i)     The child has been removed from the parent for at
                         least six (6) months under a dispositional decree.


                 (ii)    A court has entered a finding under IC 31-34-21-5.6
                         that reasonable efforts for family preservation or
                         reunification are not required, including a
                         description of the court’s finding, the date of the
                         finding, and the manner in which the finding was
                         made.


                 (iii)   The child has been removed from the parent and
                         has been under the supervision of a local office or
                         probation department for at least fifteen (15) months
                         of the most recent twenty-two (22) months,
                         beginning with the date the child is removed from
                         the home as a result of the child being alleged to be
                         a child in need of services or a delinquent child;


        (B)      that one (1) of the following is true:


                 (i)     There is a reasonable probability that the conditions
                         that resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons
                         for placement outside the home of the parents will
                         not be remedied.


                 (ii)    There is a reasonable probability that the
                         continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a
                         threat to the well-being of the child.


                 (iii)   The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been
                         adjudicated a child in need of services;


        (C)      that termination is in the best interests of the child; and


Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-2967 | May 9, 2019    Page 7 of 10
               (D)      that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment
                        of the child.


       DCS must prove the alleged circumstances by clear and convincing evidence.

       K.T.K., 989 N.E.2d at 1230.


                                             II. Sufficiency
               A. Remedy of Conditions Resulting in Removal
[13]   Mother first argues that there is not clear and convincing evidence that there is

       a reasonable probability that the conditions resulting in Child’s removal will not

       be remedied. The reasons that Child was initially removed from Mother’s care

       and custody were Mother’s substance abuse and incarceration.


[14]   Throughout the underlying CHINS case, Mother had periods of sobriety

       (usually while incarcerated) followed by drug use. She has tested positive for

       opiates, THC, and suboxone during these proceedings and has also admitted to

       heroin use and pleaded guilty to possession of a hypodermic needle. Except for

       her completion of an intensive outpatient program while incarcerated in Porter

       County, she has failed to complete or participate consistently with substance

       abuse treatment despite multiple opportunities to do so.


[15]   Mother has also been incarcerated throughout much of the underlying CHINS

       case and is now sentenced to the DOC, with an earliest possible release date of

       June 2020. She has had multiple chances to reform her behavior while released

       from incarceration, but each time she was re-arrested after violating the terms of

       her release. In fact, even while incarcerated with the DOC, she has been cited
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-2967 | May 9, 2019     Page 8 of 10
       more than once for use or possession of a substance she was not allowed to

       have.


[16]   Mother argues that her inconsistent participation with services and her multiple

       clean screens suffice to show that there is a likelihood that the conditions

       resulting in removal will be remedied. We cannot agree. Inconsistent

       participation and multiple clean screens are not enough when they are

       interspersed with drug use and incarceration. The simple fact is that Child was

       removed because of Mother’s drug use and incarceration, and at the time of the

       termination hearing, Mother was incarcerated with the DOC for drug charges

       and, when last released on her own recognizance, had tested positive for THC

       and suboxone. Under these circumstances, we find that the juvenile court did

       not err by finding that DCS established by clear and convincing evidence that

       the conditions resulting in Child’s removal are not likely to be remedied. 4


                                              B. Best Interests
[17]   Mother also argues that there is insufficient evidence supporting the juvenile

       court’s conclusion that termination of the parent-child relationship is in Child’s

       best interests. A parent’s “historical inability to provide a suitable environment

       along with the parent’s current inability to do the same supports a finding that




       4
         Mother also argues that there is insufficient evidence supporting the juvenile court’s conclusion that
       continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to Child. As these statutory elements are phrased
       in the disjunctive and we have found that sufficient evidence supports the element related to remedy of the
       conditions resulting in Child’s removal, we need not and will not address this issue.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-2967 | May 9, 2019                       Page 9 of 10
       termination of parental rights is in the best interests of the child[].” Lang v.

       Starke Cty. Office of Family and Children, 861 N.E.2d 366, 373 (Ind. Ct. App.

       2007).


[18]   As noted above, throughout the underlying CHINS case, Mother has been

       unable to maintain sobriety or to remain free from incarceration. She has also

       failed to take advantage of all opportunities to maintain a relationship with

       Child, both while incarcerated and while on pretrial release. Although

       authorized to have phone calls, video calls, and home visits while on release,

       Mother did not take advantage of these chances to build and maintain a

       relationship. Mother and Child had no contact for the first ten months of the

       CHINS case, and at the time of the termination hearing, Mother and Child had

       had no contact for eight months. There is no bond between Mother and Child,

       who views his relative care placement as his family. He is thriving in this

       placement, which is preadoptive. Under these circumstances, we find sufficient

       evidence supporting the juvenile court’s conclusion that termination is in

       Child’s best interests.


[19]   The judgment of the juvenile court is affirmed.


       Najam, J., and Robb, J., concur.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-2967 | May 9, 2019   Page 10 of 10
