[Cite as Harris, Meyer, Heckman & Denkewalter v. Havens, 2012-Ohio-5794.]




                          IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                             SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                 CHAMPAIGN COUNTY

HARRIS, MEYER, HECKMAN                          :
& DENKEWALTER                                   :       Appellate Case No. 2012-CA-21
                                                :
        Plaintiff-Appellant                     :       Trial Court Case No. 12-CV-17
                                                :
v.                                              :
                                                :       (Civil Appeal from
CAROLYN M. HAVENS, et al.                       :       (Common Pleas Court)
                                                :
        Defendant-Appellees                     :
                                                :
                                           ...........
                                           OPINION
                          Rendered on the 7th day of December, 2012.
                                           ...........

DARRELL L. HECKMAN, Atty. Reg. #0002389, Harris, Meyer, Heckman & Denkewalter,
LLC, One Monument Square, Suite 200, Urbana, Ohio 43078
      Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellant

MICHAEL DeWINE, Atty. Reg. #0009181, by PATRIA V. HOSKINS, Atty. Reg. #0034661,
Health and Human Services Section, 30 East Broad Street, 26th Floor, Columbus, Ohio
43215-3400
       Attorney for Defendant-Appellee, Ohio Dept. Of Job & Family Services

MATTHEW STOKELY, Atty. Reg. #0062611, Pickrel, Schaeffer & Ebeling, Co., LPA, 2700
Kettering Tower, Dayton, Ohio 45423
       Attorney for Defendant-Appellee, Carolyn M. Havens

                                          .............
HALL, J.

       {¶ 1}    An individual may not be paid unemployment compensation benefits if the

individual was discharged for just cause in connection with the individual’s work.

Appellee-Claimant was discharged by Appellant-Employer because she pleaded guilty to

misdemeanor charges that stemmed from a domestic dispute involving herself and her

estranged husband’s girlfriend. Appellee and the husband had been alternately occupying the

home where the event occurred, but apparently they were both there at the same time when

the dispute erupted. Finding her eligible for benefits, the Unemployment Compensation

Review Commission (UCRC) determined that the reason she was discharged–pleading

guilty–was not sufficiently connected to her work. Given the unique facts of this case, we

conclude that this determination is not unreasonable, so we affirm.

                                              I.

       {¶ 2}    Carolyn Havens worked as a secretary for the law firm of Harris Meyer

Heckman & Denkewalter, LLC. In February 2010, she was involved in a domestic dispute

with her estranged husband. The dispute occurred in Havens’s home. Felony and misdemeanor

charges were filed against Havens, stemming from the dispute. The law firm agreed to

represent her for free. The attorney who represented Havens told her that if she was convicted

of a felony the firm would have to terminate her employment because the firm felt that

employing a convicted felon would be inappropriate. The attorney negotiated a plea agreement

under which the felony charge would be dropped and Havens would plead guilty to

misdemeanor charges of assault and trespass. There was no admonition that conviction for the

misdemeanor charges would result in dismissal from employment. Havens accepted the plea

agreement and pleaded guilty to the misdemeanor charges. Soon after, the law firm discharged
                                                                                                            3


her.

       {¶ 3}      Havens filed an application for unemployment benefits. The Ohio Department

of Job and Family Services determined that she was eligible for them. The law firm appealed

the determination to the department’s director. 1 The firm contended that Havens was

ineligible for benefits under R.C. 4141.29(D)(2)(a), which provides that an individual is not

eligible for benefits if the individual has been discharged for just cause in connection with the

individual’s work. The director transferred the appeal to the UCRC.

       {¶ 4}      A telephone hearing was conducted by a hearing officer, during which both

Havens and the law firm made statements. In a written decision, the UCRC concluded that

Havens was not discharged for just cause in connection with her work. The officer found that

the motivating factor for the discharge was that Havens pleaded guilty to the misdemeanors.

“While it is understandable that the employer would be embarrassed by the fact that its

secretary pled guilty to criminal acts,” wrote the hearing officer, “there is not sufficient

connection with work in this instance to create just cause in connection with work for her

discharge.” Decision (Dec. 16, 2011).

       {¶ 5}      The law firm requested a review of the hearing officer’s decision before the

UCRC. The UCRC disallowed the request for review, upholding the hearing officer’s

conclusion that Havens was not discharged for just cause in connection with her work. So the

law firm appealed the decision to the trial court. The court affirmed the UCRC’s decision,

concluding that the decision was not unlawful, unreasonable, or against the manifest weight of

the evidence.

         1
         The director of the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services is also an appellee in this case.
                                                                                               4


       {¶ 6}    The law firm has now appealed to this Court.

                                               II.

       {¶ 7}    The sole assignment of error alleges that the trial court erred in finding that the

UCRC’s decision is reasonable. The standard of review in this Court is the same as it was in

the trial court. Tzangas, Plakas & Mannos v. Ohio Bur. of Emp. Serv., 73 Ohio St. 3d 694,

696-697, 653 N.E.2d 1207 (1995). “An appellate court may reverse the Unemployment

Compensation Board of Review’s ‘just cause’ determination only if it is unlawful,

unreasonable or against the manifest weight of the evidence.” Id. at paragraph one of the

syllabus; see R.C. 4141.282(H). The appellate court may not “make factual findings or * * *

determine the credibility of witnesses.” Id. at 696. It must simply determine whether the

evidence in the record supports the UCRC’s decision. Id.

       {¶ 8}    By statute, an individual may not be paid unemployment benefits if the

individual “has been discharged for just cause in connection with the individual’s work.” R.C.

4141.29(D)(2)(a). The law firm cites cases that, it says, have held that discharge for a

misdemeanor conviction or conduct constituting a misdemeanor is sufficient to make the

claimant ineligible for benefits. However, we agree with the appellees that these cases are

distinguishable from the present case. In those cases, the claimants’ conduct violated not only

the criminal law but also their employers’ specific employment policies–making the

connection with their employment plain. Here there is no evidence that Havens’s conduct

violated a specific law firm employment policy. Also, the law firm states in its reply brief that

this Court has “held that a person terminated for a conviction for misdemeanor assault

occurring in any form and not related to work is terminated for just cause.” The firm supports
                                                                                               5


this proposition with a citation to the case of Wells v. City of Dayton, Montgomery Co. App.

No. CA 9001, 1985 Ohio App. LEXIS 7875 (1985). But Wells was not an unemployment

compensation case. Wells, a security guard at the Dayton workhouse, was discharged from

employment after being convicted of assault on his girlfriend when he kicked in the door of

her apartment and wrestled her to the floor. He was fired because he was “[c]onvicted of a

criminal offense    * * * to wit: assault,” Id at 1-2, which constituted a specific violation of

Dayton Civil Service Rule 18, section 2(a). His appeal of his discharge was in the civil service

context. This court could only have reversed Wells’s discharge if “[t]he decision of the

common pleas court [was] not supported by a preponderance of reliable, probative and

substantial evidence” Id. at 3. Thus we do not find Wells to be dispositive for this appeal.

       {¶ 9}    This Court said in In Re: Claim Smith, 2d Dist. Greene No. 85 CA 36, 1985

WL 6964, *3 (Oct. 25, 1985), that “every discharge for just cause does not automatically

disqualify the employee for benefits.” We cited Ohio State Reformatory at Mansfield and

George F. Denson, Dir. v. McCracken, et al. (1978), 8 Unemp. Ins. Rep. (CCH) Para. 9147

(Richland CA) and Chalker v. First Federal Savings and Loan Assoc., 71 Ohio Law Abs. 87,

126 N.E.2d 475 (C.P.1955), for the proposition that “‘just cause’ discharges are not

necessarily ‘in connection with work.’” Id. We affirmed the trial court’s denial of Smith’s

unemployment compensation on the basis that drinking liquor, smoking marijuana with

minors, and having sex with a 16 year old, could limit his future assignments as a

firefighter-paramedic. His activity was therefore sufficiently in connection with work, even

though we did not abandon the stated proposition that a “just cause” dismissal does not

automatically exclude unemployment compensation.            Consistent with the proposition is
                                                                                            6


Denton v. McCracken, 5th Dist. Richland No. CA-1663, 1977 WL 200874, *1 (Nov. 18,

1977). There, the court affirmed an eligibility determination even though the claimant had

been discharged from her state job after pleading guilty to a charge of petty theft. Recognizing

that R.C. 4141.46 requires the unemployment-compensation statutes to be interpreted

liberally, the Denton court reasoned that “a liberal construction of R.C. 4141.29(D)(2)(a) in

favor of the claimant does not allow for the argument that an act of theft, unrelated by time or

place to the employment, may, in some circumstances, serve as the predicate for a ‘discharge

for just cause in connection with his work.’” Denton at *2.

       {¶ 10} The UCRC’s decision here suggests that it found that although the law firm

may have had just cause to discharge Havens the discharge was not in connection with her

work. In Smith, we said that the question of whether conduct outside work was “in connection

with the individual’s work” is “essentially a question of fact.” Smith at *2. The UCRC found

that the primary reason for Havens’s discharge was that she pleaded guilty to the misdemeanor

charges, upon the advice of her employer, and further found that this conduct lacked a

sufficient connection to her work. These factual findings are supported by the evidence. We

cannot say that the UCRC’s decision is, as the assignment of error alleges, unreasonable or,

for that matter, unlawful or against the manifest weight of the evidence.

       {¶ 11} The sole assignment of error is overruled.

       {¶ 12} The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

                                        .............

FROELICH and PIPER, JJ., concur.

(Hon. Robin N. Piper, Twelfth District Court of Appeals, sitting by assignment of the Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio).
                       7




Copies mailed to:

Darrell L. Heckman
Michael DeWine
Patria V. Hoskins
Matthew D. Stokely
Hon. Roger B. Wilson
