         In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                 OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
                                          No. 17-1062V
                                   Filed: December 20, 2018
                                        UNPUBLISHED


    MICHAELANNE GRAEFF,

                        Petitioner,
    v.                                                       Special Processing Unit (SPU);
                                                             Attorneys’ Fees and Costs
    SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND
    HUMAN SERVICES,

                       Respondent.


Robert H. Pedroli, Jr., Pedroli & Gauthier, LLC, Clayton, MO, for petitioner.
Justine Elizabeth Walters, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for respondent.

                      DECISION ON ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS1

Dorsey, Chief Special Master:

        On August 4, 2017, Michaelanne Graeff (“petitioner”) filed a petition for
compensation under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, 42 U.S.C.
§300aa-10, et seq.,2 (the “Vaccine Act”). Petitioner alleges that she suffered from a
shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (“SIRVA”) as a result of receiving an
influenza (“flu”) vaccine to her left shoulder on September 22, 2015. Petition at 1. On
October 17, 2018, the undersigned issued a decision awarding compensation to
petitioner based on the respondent’s proffer. ECF No. 34.

1 The undersigned intends to post this decision on the United States Court of Federal Claims' website.
This means the decision will be available to anyone with access to the Internet. In accordance with
Vaccine Rule 18(b), petitioner has 14 days to identify and move to redact medical or other information,
the disclosure of which would constitute an unwarranted invasion of privacy. If, upon review, the
undersigned agrees that the identified material fits within this definition, the undersigned will redact such
material from public access. Because this unpublished decision contains a reasoned explanation for the
action in this case, undersigned is required to post it on the United States Court of Federal Claims'
website in accordance with the E-Government Act of 2002. 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2012) (Federal
Management and Promotion of Electronic Government Services).


2
 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755. Hereinafter, for
ease of citation, all “§” references to the Vaccine Act will be to the pertinent subparagraph of 42 U.S.C. §
300aa (2012).
       On November 19, 2018, petitioner filed a motion for attorneys’ fees and costs.
ECF No. 39. Petitioner requests attorneys’ fees in the amount of $33,920.003 and
attorneys’ costs in the amount of $2,408.20. Id. at 35. In compliance with General
Order #9, petitioner filed a signed statement indicating that petitioner incurred no out-of-
pocket expenses. ECF No. 38. Thus, the total amount requested is $36,328.20.

        On November 30, 2018, respondent filed a response to petitioner’s motion. ECF
No. 42. Respondent argues that “[n]either the Vaccine Act nor Vaccine Rule 13
contemplates any role for respondent in the resolution of a request by a petitioner for an
award of attorneys’ fees and costs.” Id. at 1. Respondent adds, however, that he “is
satisfied the statutory requirements for an award of attorneys’ fees and costs are met in
this case.” Id. at 2. Respondent “respectfully recommends that the Chief Special
Master exercise her discretion and determine a reasonable award for attorneys’ fees
and costs.” Id. at 3.

        Petitioner has filed no reply.

       The undersigned has reviewed the billing records submitted with petitioner’s
request. The undersigned finds that a reduction in the amount of fees to be awarded
required for the reasons listed below.

        I.       Legal Standard

       Under the Vaccine Act, the special master shall award reasonable attorneys’ fees
and costs for any petition that results in an award of compensation. 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-
15(e)(1). Petitioner in this case was awarded compensation; she is therefore entitled to
an award of reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs.4

        The Federal Circuit has approved use of the lodestar approach to determine
reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs under the Vaccine Act. Avera v. Sec’y of Health &
Human Servs., 515 F.3d 1343, 1349 (Fed. Cir. 2008). Using the lodestar approach, a
court first determines “an initial estimate of a reasonable attorneys’ fee by ‘multiplying
the number of hours reasonably expended on the litigation times a reasonable hourly
rate.’” Id. at 1347–58 (quoting Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888 (1984)). Then, the
court may make an upward or downward departure from the initial calculation of the fee
award based on other specific findings. Id. at 1348.



3 Mr. Pedroli does not state the exact amount of attorneys’ fees requests. The undersigned was able to
calculate this amount by adding the total overall amount requested minus the total attorney costs
requested.

4 In addition, § 300aa–15(e)(3) states that “[n]o attorney may charge any fee for services in connection
with a petition filed under section 300aa–11 of this title which is in addition to any amount awarded as
compensation by the special master or court under paragraph (1).” This would include any amounts
requested by counsel that the undersigned finds non-compensable.
                                                     2
         Counsel must submit fee requests that include contemporaneous and specific
billing records indicating the service performed, the number of hours expended on the
service, and the name of the person performing the service. See Savin v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., 85 Fed. Cl. 313, 316–18 (2008). Counsel should not include in
their fee requests hours that are “excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary.”
Saxton v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 3 F.3d 1517, 1521 (Fed. Cl. 1993) (quoting
Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 434 (1983)). It is “well within the special master’s
discretion to reduce the hours to a number that, in [her] experience and judgment, [is]
reasonable for the work done.” (Id. at 1522). Furthermore, the special master may
reduce a fee request sua sponte, apart from objections raised by respondent and
without providing a petitioner notice and opportunity to respond. See Sabella v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., 86 Fed. Cl. 201, 209 (2009).

         An application for fees and costs must sufficiently detail and explain the time
billed so that a special master may determine, from the application and the case file,
whether the amount requested is reasonable. Bell v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs.,
18 Cl. Ct. 751, 760 (1989); Rodriguez v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 06–559V,
2009 WL 2568468 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 27, 2009). Petitioners bear the burden of
documenting the fees and costs claimed. Rodriguez, 2009 WL 2568468, at *8. Block
billing, or billing large amounts of time without sufficient detail as to what tasks were
performed, is clearly disfavored. See, e.g., Broekelschen v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., No. 07-137V, 2008 WL 5456319, at *4-5 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Dec. 17, 2008).

        In determining a reasonable number of hours expended, a line-by-line evaluation
of the fee application is not required. Wasson v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 24
Cl.Ct. 482, 484, aff’d in relevant part, 988 F.2d 131 (Fed. Cir. 1993). Special masters
may rely on their experience with the Vaccine Act and its attorneys to determine the
reasonable number of hours expended. Id. Just as “[t]rial courts routinely use their
prior experience to reduce hourly rates and the number of hours claimed in attorney fee
requests .... [v]accine program special masters are also entitled to use their prior
experience in reviewing fee applications.” Saxton, 3 F.3d at 1521.

      II.    Discussion

             A. Attorney Fees

                        1. Hourly Rates

        The undersigned has reviewed the billing records submitted with petitioner’s
request. Petitioner requests compensation for her attorney, Robert H. Pedroli, Jr., at a
rate of $350 per hour for time billed from 2015 – 2017. Mr. Pedroli has been licensed to
practice law in the state of Missouri since 1984. ECF No. 39-1 at 1. The undersigned
finds the requested hourly rate reasonable and awards it here in. Mr. Pedroli billed
hours classified as “staff hours” at the rate of $75.00 per hour. ECF No. 39 at 34. The
undersigned finds this rate reasonable and awards it herein.
                                           3
                           2. Block Billing

        As an initial matter, the undersigned notes that counsel has grouped multiple
activities into single time entries which is frowned upon as it makes a line-by-line
analysis nearly impossible. See, e.g. Riggins v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 99-
38V, 2009 WL 3319818, *23-24 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 15, 2009). Attorneys are
advised that “[e]ach task should have its own line entry indicating the amount of time
spent on that task” and that “[l]umping together several unrelated tasks in the same time
entry frustrates the court’s ability to assess the reasonableness of the request.”
Guidelines for Practice Under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program at
68.5

                           3. Paralegal Rates

       Additionally, the undersigned notes petitioner requests compensation for certain
paralegal tasks billed at an attorney rate. Attorneys may be compensated for paralegal-
level work, but at a rate that is comparable to what would be paid for a paralegal. See,
e.g. Doe/11 v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. XX-XXXV, 2010 WL 529425, at *9-
10 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Jan. 29, 2010) (citing Missouri v. Jenkins, 491 U.S. 274, 288
(1989)); Mostovoy v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 02-10V, 2016 WL 720969, at
*5 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Feb. 4, 2016); Riggins. v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 99-
382V, 2009 WL 3319818, *20-21 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 15, 2009); Turpin v. Sec’y
of Health & Human Servs., No. 99-535, 2008 WL 5747914, *5-7 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.
Dec. 23, 2008). Examples of these entries include:

       November 4, 2015
          • “Order medical records, locate all providers, separate out file materials”
       July 26, 2017
          • “Rec and review passport of petitioner and add to exhibit list and petition”
       June 13, 2018
          • “Conference with client to make final stylistic changes to affidavit of
              damages; make changes, email changes and discuss status”
       August 20, 2018
          • “Put together for filing and pleading”

ECF No. 39 at 3, 12 and 23 – 24.

       As the billing entries are billed as blocked entries, the undersigned cannot
differentiate the amount of time spent on each task that is considered paralegal work.


5
 Guidelines for Practice Under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, are available on the
court’s website at http://www.cofc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/GUIDELINES-FOR-PRACTICE-
4212016.pdf

                                                  4
                        4. Non-Compensable Tasks

        The amount of fees is also reduced for certain tasks that the Vaccine Program
does not compensate for, including time spent engaged in professional development
relative to Mr. Pedroli’s inexperience with the Vaccine Program. “[I]t is inappropriate for
counsel to bill time for educating themselves about basic aspects of the Vaccine
Program.” Matthews v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 14-1111V, 2016 WL
2853910, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 18, 2016). “An inexperienced attorney may
not ethically bill his client to learn about an area of law in which he is unfamiliar. If an
attorney may not bill his client for this task, the attorney may also not bill the Program
for this task.” Carter v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 04-1500V, 2007 WL
2241877, at *5 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 13, 2007). Mr. Pedroli spent over 12 hours
learning about the program, conducting research on vaccine procedures and
information on how to file with the court. Examples of these entries include:

       November 3 – 5, 2015
         • “Initial Research regarding the type of injury type of vaccine, type of claim
            and research multiple official and other websites regarding the National
            Vaccine Compensation Program Act”
         • “National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program Shoulder Injury related to
            vaccine – Google Search”
         • “National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program – Google Search”
         • “Obtaining necessary level of competence in the compensation program
            as well as the particular injury in issue relating to vaccine shoulder injuries
            caused by injections and the Nation Vaccine Injury Compensation
            Program”

ECF No. 39 at 2-3 and 12.

       As the billing entries are billed as blocked entries, the undersigned cannot
differentiate the amount of time spent on each task that is considered non-
compensable.

                        5. . Administrative Time

       Upon review of the billing records submitted, it appears that a number of entries
are for tasks considered clerical or administrative. In the Vaccine Program, secretarial
work “should be considered as normal overhead office costs included within the
attorneys’ fee rates.” Rochester v. U.S., 18 Cl. Ct. 379, 387 (1989); Dingle v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., No. 08-579V, 2014 WL 630473, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.
Jan. 24, 2014). “[B]illing for clerical and other secretarial work is not permitted in the
Vaccine Program.” Mostovoy, 2016 WL 720969, at *5 (citing Rochester, 18 Cl. Ct. at
387). At least three hours were billed under “staff time” on tasks considered


                                             5
administrative including, opening files, coping documents, preparing envelopes, marking
exhibits and issuing checks. Examples of these entries include:

       November 4, 2015
         • “Prepare letters and envelopes to order medical records and complete
            medical records authorizations”

       August 4, 2017
         • “Staff time preparing petition for filing with all attachments”

       October 16, 2018
          • “Various checks issued or costs entries made by bookkeeping for medical
             records, filing fee, expert report, supplemental expert report”

       ECF No. 39 at 33 – 33.

       As the billing entries are listed as blocked entries, the undersigned cannot
differentiate the amount of time spent on each task that is considered administrative
work.

       Based on all of the reasons listed above the undersigned deems a reduction of
attorneys’ fees appropriate. The undersigned reduces the overall request for attorneys’
fees by 10 percent.

               B. Attorney Costs

        Petitioner requests reimbursement for attorney costs in the amount of $2,408.20.
On November 28, 2018, the undersigned filed a scheduling order requesting Mr. Pedroli
submit any and all receipts, invoices, or other proof of payment for the requested costs.
ECF No. 40. That same day Mr. Pedroli filed the requested documents. 6 Upon review
of the invoices for attorney costs the undersigned noticed several discrepancies with the
requested amount and the invoices provided.

       Petitioner is requesting reimbursement for $56.14 paid to Washington University
for medical records and $160.51 to Ciox Records Retrieval for medical records. ECF
No. 39 at 34. Upon review of the submitted documentation, only a total of $49.64 was
paid to Washington University and $154.01 was paid to Ciox Records Retrieval. ECF
No. 41 at 22 and 24. The undersigned reduces the request for attorney costs by
$13.00, the total amount of the discrepancy.

6  On November 28, 2018, the requested documents were misfiled in the CMECF system as “Decision on
Remand, Bill of Costs.” ECF No. 40. However, upon review of the attached PDF the correct items were
filed and listed as “Petitioner’s Attorney’s Invoices, Receipts and Transaction Report Demonstrating
Attorney’s Expenses.” Id.

                                                 6
        III.    Conclusion

     Based on the reasonableness of petitioner’s request, the undersigned GRANTS
IN PART petitioner’s motion for attorneys’ fees and costs as follows:

        Requested Attorneys’ Fees

      Accordingly, the undersigned awards the total of $32,923.207 as a lump
sum in the form of a check jointly payable to petitioner and petitioner’s counsel
Robert H. Pedroli, Jr.

        The clerk of the court shall enter judgment in accordance herewith.8

IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                                           s/Nora Beth Dorsey
                                                           Nora Beth Dorsey
                                                           Chief Special Master




7This amount is intended to cover all legal expenses incurred in this matter. This award encompasses all
charges by the attorney against a client, “advanced costs” as well as fees for legal services rendered.
Furthermore, § 15(e)(3) prevents an attorney from charging or collecting fees (including costs) that would
be in addition to the amount awarded herein. See generally Beck v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs.,
924 F.2d 1029 (Fed. Cir.1991).

8 Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), entry of judgment can be expedited by the parties’ joint filing of notice
renouncing the right to seek review.
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