                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION

                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                            FILED
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT                             APR 09 2015

                                                                          MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                            U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

EDVERID CRIDVID CASTRO GARCIA,                   No. 11-71670

              Petitioner,                        Agency No. A074-794-482

  v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
ERIC H. HOLDER, Jr., Attorney General,

              Respondent.


                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                             Submitted April 7, 2015**
                               Pasadena California

Before: SILVERMAN and BEA, Circuit Judges and DONATO,*** District Judge.

       Edverid Cridvid Castro Garcia, a Guatemalan citizen and indigenous

Cakchiquel Mayan, petitions for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’



        *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
        **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
        ***
             The Honorable James Donato, District Judge for the U.S. District
Court for the Northern District of California, sitting by designation.
                                          -2-
dismissal of his appeal from the Immigration Judge’s denial of his applications for

withholding of removal under the Immigration and Nationality Act and

withholding and deferral of removal under the Convention Against Torture. We

have jurisdiction pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We DENY the petition.

      The BIA did not err in applying Matter of Y-L-, 23 I. & N. Dec. 270 (A.G.

2002), to determine that Castro Garcia’s 1991 conviction for violating California

Health and Safety Code § 11351.5 is a particularly serious crime barring his

applications for withholding of removal. Miguel-Miguel v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 941

(9th Cir. 2007), did not create a per se rule that application of Y-L- to all criminal

convictions entered prior to 2002 is impermissible. Garfias-Rodriguez v. Holder,

702 F.3d 504, 519-20 (9th Cir. 2012) (en banc). Under a proper, individualized

analysis of the factors identified in Montgomery Ward & Co., Inc. v. FTC, 691

F.2d 1322, 1333 (9th Cir. 1982), application of Y-L- to Castro Garcia’s case was

not impermissibly retroactive.

      First, at the time Castro Garcia pled guilty to § 11351.5, his crime was per se

a particularly serious crime. Miguel-Miguel, 500 F.3d at 946. Second, Castro

Garcia cannot be said to have relied on the former state of the law to his detriment

when he affirmatively applied for asylum, thereby alerting immigration authorities

to his unlawful presence, because he had no vested right to continue residing
                                        -3-
unlawfully in the United States. See Garfias-Rodriguez, 702 F.3d at 522; Jimenez-

Angeles v. Ashcroft, 291 F.3d 594, 602 (9th Cir. 2002).

      The BIA also did not err in affirming the IJ’s denial of Castro Garcia’s

deferral of removal application. The BIA explicitly incorporated page 13 of the IJ

decision, which considers the relevant record evidence, including the testimony of

Castro Garcia’s expert, in concluding that Castro Garcia failed to show a likelihood

of torture if removed to Guatemala. Substantial evidence supports that conclusion,

namely the fact that although there is evidence in the record showing that

individuals who express pro-labor or pro-indigenous-rights stances or who

investigate government-involved murders may be at risk of harm by the

Guatemalan government, the extent of Castro Garcia’s future involvement in such

conduct and the likelihood it would become known to the government and that the

government would react by torturing Castro Garcia are speculative. See Abufayad

v. Holder, 632 F.3d 623, 632-33 (9th Cir. 2011); Nagoulko v. I.N.S., 333 F.3d

1012, 1018 (9th Cir. 2003).

      PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.
