        IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                         AT NASHVILLE
                            Assigned on Briefs June 17, 2014

       ALBERT WAYNE FRANCHEK, JR. v. STATE OF TENNESSEE

              Direct Appeal from the Criminal Court for Sumner County
                       No. 571-2013     Dee David Gay, Judge


                  No. M2013-02631-CCA-R3-PC - Filed June 25, 2014


The Petitioner, Albert Wayne Franchek, Jr., appeals the Sumner County Criminal Court’s
denial of his petition for post-conviction relief from his guilty plea to selling one-half gram
or more of a Schedule II controlled substance, a Class B felony, and resulting eight-year
sentence. On appeal, the Petitioner contends that he received the ineffective assistance of
counsel and that he did not plead guilty knowingly and voluntarily. Based upon the record
and the parties’ briefs, we affirm the judgment of the post-conviction court.

 Tenn. R. App. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court is Affirmed.

N ORMA M CG EE O GLE, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which J ERRY L. S MITH and
R OGER A. P AGE JJ., joined.

William Michael Carter, Gallatin, Tennessee, for the appellant, Albert Wayne Franchek, Jr.

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Brent C. Cherry, Senior Counsel;
Lawrence Ray Whitley, District Attorney General; and Jason Elliott, Assistant District
Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                         OPINION

                                  I. Factual Background

       On September 12, 2011, the Petitioner pled guilty in case number 49-2011 to three
counts of selling cocaine and received three eight-year sentences, two of which were to be
served consecutively for a total effective sentence of sixteen years. On May 24, 2012, the
Petitioner pled guilty in case number 33-2012, the subject of this appeal, to selling one-half
gram or more of a Schedule II controlled substance, a Class B felony. At the guilty plea
hearing, the State advised the trial court that the Petitioner had agreed to an eight-year
sentence to be served consecutively to the sixteen-year sentence for “his parole violation in
case number 49-2011.” Regarding the facts of case number 33-2012, the State advised the
court that on August 11, 2011, the Petitioner sold $70 worth of cocaine, which turned out to
be one gram, to a confidential informant (CI). Upon questioning by the trial court, the
Petitioner stated that he was fifty-four years old and only completed the eleventh grade but
had a high school diploma. The trial court advised him that he was pleading guilty to a Class
B felony, was receiving the minimum eight-year sentence in the range, and that he was going
to serve the sentence consecutively to the previous sixteen-year sentence. The court asked
the Petitioner if he knew what “consecutively” meant, and the Petitioner answered, “Means
eight plus eight plus eight.” The trial court explained that it meant he would serve the eight-
year sentence “on top of” the sixteen-year sentence for a total effective sentence of twenty-
four years. The trial court asked if the Petitioner had “[a]ny questions about that,” and the
Petitioner said no. The trial court approved the Petitioner’s request for treatment in the Drug
Court Treatment Program, questioned him further about his guilty plea and counsel’s
representation, and accepted his plea. The trial court sentenced him as a Range I, standard
offender to eight years to be served consecutively to the previous sixteen-year sentence.

       Almost one year later, on May 7, 2013, the Petitioner filed a pro se Motion to
Reconsider Sentencing.1 On May 22, 2013, the trial court filed an order, ruling that the
motion was time-barred with regard to both cases pursuant to Rule 35, Tennessee Rules of
Criminal Procedure, because the Petitioner filed the motion more than 120 days after his
guilty pleas. However, the trial court decided to treat the motion as a petition for post-
conviction relief in case number 33-2012. The trial court held that it could not treat the
motion as a petition for post-conviction relief in case number 49-2011 because the petition
was barred by the one-year statute of limitations. Subsequently, counsel for the Petitioner
filed an amended petition for post-conviction relief, alleging, in pertinent part, that the
Petitioner did not plead guilty knowingly in case number 33-2012 because he did not
understand that he would have to serve the eight-year sentence consecutively to the sixteen-
year sentence, that his effective twenty-four-year sentence for selling cocaine was
“‘extremely malicious,’” and that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel.

        At the evidentiary hearing, trial counsel testified for the Petitioner that he was
appointed to represent the Petitioner in case number 33-2012 in February, March, or April
2012. Counsel acknowledged that he received discovery in the case and that the Petitioner
had been convicted of similar charges in late 2011. He said the Petitioner “wondered about
the efficacy of having those two [cases] overlapping each other and whether that would be
a thing that could be done lawfully.” Counsel said he talked with the Petitioner about the
Petitioner’s concern and researched whether the State was “playing fair.” Counsel identified

       1
           The motion is not in the appellate record.

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a copy of a letter he sent to the Petitioner on April 4, 2012, advising the Petitioner that while
the State’s “‘[w]ithholding’” case number 33-2012 until after his guilty plea in case number
49-2011 “seemed underhanded,” counsel’s research did not reveal anything to prohibit the
State from “‘acting as it did.’” Counsel said he did not speak with the Petitioner’s attorney
in case number 49-2011 and did not file a motion to withdraw his guilty pleas in that case
because counsel did not think filing such a motion would have made much of a difference.
Counsel acknowledged that in his April 4 letter, he also advised the Petitioner that if the
Petitioner went to trial in case number 33-2012, counsel thought that, based on the discovery
materials, the jury would convict him, the trial court would sentence him to the maximum
sentence in the range, and the court would order that the sentence be served consecutively
to the sixteen-year sentence.

       Trial counsel acknowledged that on April 11, 2012, he sent another letter to the
Petitioner. In the letter, counsel referred to the State’s “‘solid proof’” and stated that the
Petitioner had “‘less than a little chance” of a not-guilty verdict. Counsel testified that, in his
professional opinion, the State had enough evidence to convict the Petitioner and that the trial
court “would not look kindly” on the Petitioner due to the Petitioner’s having recently been
sentenced in case number 49-2011. On May 24, 2012, the Petitioner pled guilty. Counsel
acknowledged that he did not meet with the Petitioner in jail and said that he did not see the
Petitioner until the Petitioner was transported to Sumner County for the guilty plea hearing.
He also acknowledged that although the judgment of conviction in case number 33-2012
stated that the Petitioner was on parole in case number 49-2011 when he committed the
offense in case number 33-2012, the judgment was incorrect in that the Petitioner was on
bond in case number 49-2011, not parole. Counsel acknowledged that the guilty plea hearing
transcript for case number 33-2012 showed that the trial court had thought the Petitioner was
on parole in case number 49-2011. Counsel said he should have correctly advised the trial
court about the situation. Counsel stated that he could not remember the circumstances in
case number 49-2011 and that a sixteen-year sentence for a one-count, Class B felony “would
be surprising.” However, he “suspected” case number 49-2011 involved multiple counts.

        On cross-examination, trial counsel testified that he became licensed to practice law
in 1991 and practiced criminal law exclusively, taking only appointed cases. Counsel
identified a letter he wrote to the Petitioner on February 17, 2012. In the letter, counsel
advised the Petitioner that the Petitioner was a Range II offender but incorrectly advised him
that the range of punishment for a Range II offender convicted of a Class B felony was eight
to twelve years. However, in the April 11 letter, counsel informed the Petitioner about the
mistake and correctly told him that the range of punishment for a Range II offender convicted
of a Class B felony was twelve to twenty years.

       Trial counsel testified that on April 9, 2012, the State made an offer for the Petitioner

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to plead guilty in case number 33-2012 in exchange for “20 years at [35] percent” and serve
the sentence consecutively to the sixteen-year sentence in case number 49-2011. The next
day, counsel met with the prosecutor about the offer, and the prosecutor modified the offer
to “8 years at [35] percent.” Counsel said that on the day of the plea hearing, he met with the
Petitioner “probably longer than 10 or 15 minutes” and “probably saw him several times that
day going back and forth between [the prosecutor] and [the Petitioner].” Ultimately, the
prosecutor agreed to a sentence of “8 years at 30 percent.” Counsel did not threaten or
coerce the Petitioner, and the Petitioner never indicated that he did not know what he was
doing. In the April 11 letter, counsel had explained mandatory consecutive sentencing to the
Petitioner under Rule 32(c)(3), Tennessee Rules of Criminal Procedure. Counsel also went
over consecutive sentencing with him on the day of the plea. Counsel identified a fourth
letter he wrote to the Petitioner on April 29, 2012. The Petitioner had written to counsel,
inquiring about the “Genesis program” and wanting a suspended sentence. Counsel
researched the program and advised the Petitioner about it in the April 29 letter. Regarding
the suspended sentence, counsel advised the Petitioner in the letter that he would ask the
State about it but that the State’s answer would be “‘absolutely not.’” The Petitioner told
counsel that he did not like the State’s plea offer but never said he was being forced to accept
it. Counsel said that he thought the Petitioner knew what he was doing when he pled guilty
but that “I’m not a psychiatrist.”

        On redirect examination, trial counsel acknowledged that he represented the Petitioner
about ninety days, that the Petitioner was in the Robertson County Jail during that time, and
that he never met with the Petitioner in jail. He and the Petitioner communicated exclusively
by written correspondence until the day of the guilty plea. Counsel said he thought he
represented the Petitioner “competently and zealously.”

       Upon questioning by the post-conviction court, trial counsel testified that the
Petitioner never indicated that he was not guilty. Therefore, “there wasn’t a lot of
investigation . . . to do.” The Petitioner also never indicated that he wanted to go to trial.
Counsel said he thought mandatory consecutive sentencing in case number 33-2012 was
required whether the Petitioner was on parole or on bond in case number 49-2011.

        The Petitioner testified that he filed the motion to reconsider his sentences because
the total weight of all the drugs involved was less than one ounce and because the effective
twenty-four-year sentence was “way out of balance” with the Tennessee Sentencing Act. He
said he also filed the motion because the State intentionally withheld the charge in case
number 33-2012 to “enhance me later.” The Petitioner pled guilty in case number 49-2011
on September 12, 2011, but the trial court gave him a fourteen-day “furlough.” The
Petitioner arrived at the Robertson County Jail on September 26 to begin serving his
sentence. He said that two days later, he was indicted in case number 33-2012. Upon being

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questioned by the post-conviction court, the Petitioner acknowledged that a warrant was
served on him on September 28; he was not indicted. He said, though, that the State “did
know about it.” Later, the Petitioner was indicted in case number 33-2012. He stated that
if the State had handled both cases at the same time, he “would have had a better outcome.”

        The Petitioner testified that he was not transferred to prison until May 29, 2013.
Therefore, he was in the Robertson County Jail the entire time counsel represented him in
case number 33-2012. The Petitioner said that he and counsel corresponded through letters
and that counsel “just told me, bottom line, I didn’t have a chance.” The Petitioner said he
got the impression he was being “sold out.” The Petitioner acknowledged that he did not see
counsel “face-to-face” until May 24, 2012, the day of his guilty plea. The Petitioner and
counsel met twice that day: one time for about ten minutes and one time for about five
minutes. They only discussed the plea agreement. Counsel explained consecutive sentencing
to the Petitioner, and the Petitioner understood it. During the plea hearing, the trial court
asked the Petitioner if counsel gave him “good representation.” The Petitioner said he told
the trial court, “‘To the best of my knowledge.’” However, the plea hearing transcript
incorrectly showed that the Petitioner told the trial court, “‘I trust his knowledge.’” The
Petitioner said he did not say anything to the trial court about his sentence because he was
“just scared” and “didn’t know the law.” The Petitioner acknowledged that at the time of the
guilty plea, he had recently pled guilty in case number 49-2011, that he had been involved
with the criminal system since 1996, and that he was a high school graduate.

        The Petitioner testified that in 2009 and 2010, he was “working hard” as a truck driver
and owned his own truck. However, in 2010, he was fired because he had an accident. He
said that he could not find another job as a truck driver because he was a convicted felon and
that he sold drugs because his bills were “piling up.” He said he had a good work history but
“just fell short of myself.”

       On cross-examination, the Petitioner testified that although he dropped out of high
school, he had enough credits to graduate in 1976. He said he had pled guilty five or six
times but that he did not question anything at the May 24, 2012 guilty plea hearing because
he was too nervous to speak up. He acknowledged that trial counsel gave him discovery in
the case. The Petitioner questioned whether the CI, who was on parole, could work as a CI,
but counsel said that fact did not matter. The Petitioner said he was guilty in the case and
acknowledged that eight years at thirty percent was a “pretty good” sentence. He said,
though, that counsel “could have done more.” For example, counsel told the Petitioner that
he checked on the issue regarding the State’s withholding the case, but counsel never
consulted the Petitioner about the issue. Counsel also should have filed a petition for post-
conviction relief, arguing that trial counsel in case number 49-2011 was ineffective, and
should have made a counteroffer to the State’s plea offer with “6 at 30.” He acknowledged

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that he asked counsel about a drug treatment program and that the trial court approved drug
treatment during the plea hearing. At the Petitioner’s request, counsel also asked that the trial
court declare the Petitioner indigent, and the trial court did so.

       Upon questioning by the post-conviction court, the Petitioner acknowledged having
prior convictions for selling cocaine and being a felon in possession of a weapon. He said
he did not get involved with drugs until he was thirty-seven years old. The court asked the
Petitioner if counsel could have done anything more, and the Petitioner answered, “Yes. He
could have filed a post-conviction.”

       At the conclusion of the evidentiary hearing, the post-conviction court noted that the
post-conviction statute of limitations had run in case number 49-2011 and that the court had
found “no real reason” to toll the statute of limitations. Regarding the post-conviction
petition in case number 33-2012, the post-conviction court found trial counsel to be “very,
very credible” and said counsel gave “very sound, very solid” advice to the Petitioner. The
court stated that the State’s first plea offer was “incredibly large” but that the Petitioner
ended up being sentenced to the minimum sentence for a Range I offender. The court said,
“Now, if that’s not effective assistance of counsel, I don’t know what is.” Regarding
whether the Petitioner’s guilty plea was knowing and voluntary, the court stated that it had
examined the guilty plea hearing transcript and concluded that the plea was made voluntarily
with the Petitioner knowing “all the ramifications and repercussions.” Thus, the court denied
the petition for post-conviction relief.

                                         II. Analysis

        On appeal, the Petitioner contends that if counsel had given his concerns about his
plea in case number 49-2011 “more consideration,” the Petitioner could have timely filed a
petition for post-conviction relief in that case. Moreover, counsel could have “better
addressed his concerns” if counsel had met with him in person prior to the day of the plea
hearing. Regarding his plea on May 24, the Petitioner contends that he pled guilty
unknowingly and involuntarily because counsel failed to “address the issues surrounding his
prior conviction,” failed to meet with him prior to the day of the plea hearing, and left the
Petitioner “with a sense of helplessness with regard to his available options.”

       To be successful in a claim for post-conviction relief, a petitioner must prove the
factual allegations contained in the post-conviction petition by clear and convincing
evidence. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-110(f). “‘Clear and convincing evidence means
evidence in which there is no serious or substantial doubt about the correctness of the
conclusions drawn from the evidence.’” State v. Holder, 15 S.W.3d 905, 911 (Tenn. Crim.
App. 1999) (quoting Hodges v. S.C. Toof & Co., 833 S.W.2d 896, 901 n.3 (Tenn. 1992)).

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Issues regarding the credibility of witnesses, the weight and value to be accorded their
testimony, and the factual questions raised by the evidence adduced at trial are to be resolved
by the post-conviction court as the trier of fact. See Henley v. State, 960 S.W.2d 572, 579
(Tenn. 1997). Therefore, the post-conviction court’s findings of fact are entitled to
substantial deference on appeal unless the evidence preponderates against those findings.
See Fields v. State, 40 S.W.3d 450, 458 (Tenn. 2001).

       A claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is a mixed question of law and fact. See
State v. Burns, 6 S.W.3d 453, 461 (Tenn. 1999). We will review the post-conviction court’s
findings of fact de novo with a presumption that those findings are correct. See Fields, 40
S.W.3d at 458. However, we will review the post-conviction court’s conclusions of law
purely de novo. Id.

        When a petitioner seeks post-conviction relief on the basis of ineffective assistance
of counsel, “the petitioner bears the burden of proving both that counsel’s performance was
deficient and that the deficiency prejudiced the defense.” Goad v. State, 938 S.W.2d 363,
369 (Tenn. 1996) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984)). To establish
deficient performance, the petitioner must show that counsel’s performance was below “the
range of competence demanded of attorneys in criminal cases.” Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d
930, 936 (Tenn. 1975). To establish prejudice, the petitioner must show that “there is a
reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the
proceeding would have been different. A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient
to undermine confidence in the outcome.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694. Generally, [b]ecause
a petitioner must establish both prongs of the test, a failure to prove either deficiency or
prejudice provides a sufficient basis to deny relief on the ineffective assistance claim. Indeed,
a court need not address the components in any particular order or even address both if the
[petitioner] makes an insufficient showing of one component. Goad, 938 S.W.2d at 370
(citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697). Moreover, in the context of a guilty plea, “the petitioner
must show ‘prejudice’ by demonstrating that, but for counsel’s errors, he would not have
pleaded guilty but would have insisted upon going to trial.” Hicks v. State, 983 S.W.2d 240,
246 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1998); see also Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 59 (1985).

        When a defendant enters a plea of guilty, certain constitutional rights are waived,
including the privilege against self-incrimination, the right to confront witnesses, and the
right to a trial by jury. Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 243 (1969). Therefore, in order
to comply with constitutional requirements a guilty plea must be a “voluntary and intelligent
choice among the alternative courses of action open to the defendant.” North Carolina v.
Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 31 (1970). In order to ensure that a defendant understands the
constitutional rights being relinquished, the trial court must advise the defendant of the
consequences of a guilty plea and determine whether the defendant understands those

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consequences. Boykin, 395 U.S. at 244.

       In determining whether the petitioner’s guilty pleas were knowing and voluntary, this
court looks to the following factors:

               the relative intelligence of the defendant; the degree of his
               familiarity with criminal proceedings; whether he was
               represented by competent counsel and had the opportunity to
               confer with counsel about the options available to him; the
               extent of advice from counsel and the court concerning the
               charges against him; and the reasons for his decision to plead
               guilty, including a desire to avoid a greater penalty that might
               result from a jury trial.

Blankenship v. State, 858 S.W.2d 897, 904 (Tenn. 1993).

        Regarding the Petitioner’s claim that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel,
the proof at the evidentiary hearing shows that the Petitioner and counsel did not meet in
person until the day of the plea hearing. Although the better practice would have been for
counsel to have met with his client before the day of the plea, they corresponded by letters,
counsel investigated the Petitioner’s concerns, and counsel provided discovery materials to
the Petitioner. The Petitioner acknowledged at the evidentiary hearing that he was guilty of
selling cocaine to the CI, and counsel obtained for the Petitioner the minimum sentence as
a Range I, standard offender despite the fact that the Petitioner qualified as a Range II,
multiple offender. Although the Petitioner told counsel that he did not like the terms of his
plea, the Petitioner did not tell counsel that he did not want to accept the State’s offer and did
not voice any concerns about his plea in case number 49-2011. During the plea hearing for
the instant case, the trial court asked the Petitioner if he was satisfied with counsel’s services,
and the Petitioner answered, “Yes, sir.” The trial court also asked the Petitioner if there was
anything he wanted counsel to do that counsel did not do, and the Petitioner answered, “No.
I don’t think he could have done any better.” At the Petitioner’s request, counsel sought and
obtained approval from the trial court for drug treatment and indigent status. Therefore, we
agree with the post-conviction court that the Petitioner has failed to show that he received
the ineffective assistance of counsel.

       Regarding the Petitioner’s claim that he did not plead guilty knowingly and
voluntarily, the Petitioner stated at the evidentiary hearing that he understood his plea
involved serving the eight-year sentence consecutively to the sixteen-year sentence. Our
review of the guilty plea hearing shows that the Petitioner advised the trial court that he had
a high school diploma and that the trial court questioned him further about his plea. The

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Petitioner advised the court that he had signed the written plea agreement; that he was not
taking any medication in jail; that he could pass a drug test; and that counsel had reviewed
with him the elements of the crime, the punishment for the crime, and the State’s evidence
against him. Therefore, we also agree with the post-conviction court that the Petitioner has
failed to show that he did not plead guilty knowingly and voluntarily.

                                     III. Conclusion

      Based upon the record and the parties’ briefs, we affirm the judgment of the post-
conviction court.


                                                  _________________________________
                                                  NORMA McGEE OGLE, JUDGE




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