     Case: 09-60838      Document: 00512747829         Page: 1    Date Filed: 08/27/2014




           IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
                                                                        United States Court of Appeals
                                                                                 Fifth Circuit

                                      No. 09-60838                             FILED
                                                                         August 27, 2014
                                                                          Lyle W. Cayce
4 H CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION,                                                  Clerk

                                                 Plaintiff-Appellee
v.

SUPERIOR BOAT WORKS, INC.; COLLINS BRENT, doing business as
Superior Boat Works, Inc.,

                                                 Defendants-Appellants




                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Northern District of Mississippi
                             USDC No. 4:08-CV-113


Before REAVLEY, JONES, and GRAVES, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
       4 H Construction Corporation filed suit against Superior Boat Works,
Inc., and its President, Collins Brent, for conversion arising out of a dispute for
repairs to barges belonging to 4 H. Final judgment was entered against Brent
and Superior for damages, jointly and severally, of $17,875.                       Superior’s
counterclaim was dismissed because of the corporate administrative
dissolution. Because the district court did not err, we AFFIRM.


       * Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH
CIR. R. 47.5.4.
    Case: 09-60838         Document: 00512747829   Page: 2    Date Filed: 08/27/2014


                                    No. 09-60838

                     FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
        This action stems from maritime repairs performed by Superior to two
deck barges owned by 4 H in 2008. The parties dispute what was agreed upon
or authorized, but repairs were made while the barges were at Superior’s
shipyard in Greenville, Mississippi. When Superior refused to release the
barges without full payment for repairs 4 H claimed it did not authorize, 4 H
filed a complaint against Superior and its president, Collins Brent, on
September 5, 2008, alleging conversion. Superior answered with a denial and
a counterclaim seeking damages for breach of contract, misrepresentation, and
a maritime lien as security for its damages, but agreed to hold the arrest of the
barges in abeyance. Superior also filed an alternative claim for quantum
meruit and/or unjust enrichment.
        A bench trial was held on June 15-16, 2009. Upon recommendation of
the magistrate by findings of fact entered on September 11, 2009, the district
court    dismissed    as    moot   Superior’s   claims   of   breach   of   contract,
misrepresentation, and quantum meruit because Superior dissolved as a
corporation in 2003. The court also found Superior and Brent liable for the
conversion of both barges owned by 4 H and entered judgment against them
jointly and severally for $17,875. Superior and Brent (hereinafter collectively
referred to as Superior) then filed this appeal. Shortly thereafter, Superior
filed for bankruptcy. Upon resolution of the bankruptcy and tax liabilities,
Superior was reinstated as a corporation on December 26, 2012. On October
30, 2013, Superior filed a motion for leave with this court to file a Motion for
Relief from Judgment under Rule 60 in the district court. That motion was
denied. Superior is now asserting that the denial of the motion for leave was
in error. Superior asks this court to grant the motion for leave and remand the
case to the district court for consideration of its motion for relief from judgment

                                          2
     Case: 09-60838    Document: 00512747829      Page: 3   Date Filed: 08/27/2014


                                   No. 09-60838

on the basis that it is now reinstated as a corporation. We decline, as the denial
of the motion for leave was not in error.
                                  DISCUSSION
      This court reviews questions of law de novo. Woodfield v. Bowman, 193
F.3d 354, 358 (5th Cir. 1999).
I.    Administrative dissolution and reinstatement
      Superior asserts that the district court erred in finding that it was not a
viable entity and lacked standing to enter into or participate in this litigation
because it was administratively dissolved at the time of judgment, but has now
been reinstated pursuant to Mississippi Code section 79-4-14.22.
      In its findings of fact and conclusions of law, the magistrate found that
Superior was administratively dissolved by the Mississippi Secretary of State
pursuant to Mississippi Code section 79-4-14.20(2) on December 30, 2003, for
failure to file its annual report. The magistrate found that, upon dissolution,
the corporate existence of Superior continued pursuant to section 79-4-14.21(c),
but it was not authorized to carry on any business “except that necessary to
wind up and liquidate its business and affairs. . . .” The magistrate further
found that, pursuant to section 79-4-14.22(a), Superior had five years to
reinstate the corporation and that time expired on December 30, 2008.
      The lower court said that the evidence at trial showed that Superior did
not begin winding up its business, but rather continued its maritime repair
and construction business.       While Superior had since taken steps toward
reinstatement, the lower court found that reinstatement was not a given, but
was rather discretionary. Specifically, the court found that, during the period
relevant to this litigation, Superior was not a viable entity and did not have
standing to enter into the contracts at issue. Thus, the court found that


                                        3
    Case: 09-60838     Document: 00512747829      Page: 4   Date Filed: 08/27/2014


                                   No. 09-60838

Superior’s claims for breach of contract, misrepresentation, and quantum
meruit were moot and should be dismissed. We agree.
      Superior asserts that the district court erred because the Mississippi
Code was amended on July 1, 2009, to allow reinstatement at any time. Miss.
Code Ann. § 79-4-14.22(a). Superior also asserts that the reinstatement relates
back to the effective date of the dissolution. Miss. Code Ann. § 79.4-14.22(c)(1).
Further, Superior cites Miss. Code. Ann. § 79-4-14.22(c)(2) and argues that
after reinstatement, any and all liabilities incurred by Brent after dissolution,
but before reinstatement, “shall be determined as if the administrative
dissolution had never occurred.”
      The appellee, 4 H, asserts that the district court correctly applied the
version of section 79-4-14.22 which was in effect throughout the litigation and
the trial of this matter.
      The current version of the Mississippi Code section says:
      (a) A corporation administratively dissolved under Section 79-4-
      14.21 may apply to the Secretary of State for reinstatement at any
      time after the effective date of dissolution. The applicant must:
            (1) Recite the name of the corporation and the effective date
            of its administrative dissolution;
            (2) State that the ground or grounds for dissolution either
            did not exist or have been eliminated;
            (3) State that the corporation's name satisfies the
            requirements of Section 79-4-4.01; and
            (4) Contain a certificate from the Mississippi Department of
            Revenue reciting that all taxes owed by the corporation have
            been paid.

      (b) If the Secretary of State determines that the application
      contains the information required by subsection (a) and that the
      information is correct, he shall cancel the certificate of dissolution
      and prepare a certificate of reinstatement that recites his
      determination and the effective date of reinstatement, file the
      original of the certificate and serve a copy on the corporation.

                                        4
    Case: 09-60838    Document: 00512747829      Page: 5   Date Filed: 08/27/2014


                                 No. 09-60838


      (c) When the reinstatement is effective:
            (1) The reinstatement relates back to and takes effect as of
            the effective date of the administrative dissolution;
            (2) Any liability incurred by the corporation, director, officer
            or a shareholder after the administrative dissolution and
            before the reinstatement shall be determined as if the
            administrative dissolution had never occurred; and
            (3) The corporation may resume carrying on its business as
            if the administrative dissolution had never occurred.

      Miss. Code Ann. § 79-4-14.22.
      While section 79-4-14.22(a) was amended effective July 1, 2009, to allow
reinstatement at any time, the prior version allowed reinstatement only within
five years and that time had expired on December 30, 2008. Superior did not
seek reinstatement until after the expiration of that time.         Further, the
amendment to section 14.22(a) did not take effect until after the trial on this
matter.
      The district court correctly found that, as a matter of statutory
construction, Mississippi statutes are presumed to have prospective
applicability only, absent an express intent to the contrary. Mladinich v. Kohn,
186 So.2d 481, 483 (Miss. 1966). Also, as 4 H asserts, Superior’s argument
regarding the amended version of section 14.22(a) runs afoul of PLM d/b/a
D.D. Ballard Constr. Co. v. E. Randle Co., 797 F.2d 204 (5th Cir. 1986), which
held that comparable Mississippi statutory language was nonretroactive.
      Mississippi courts have held that the power of a corporation to file a
lawsuit expires if the corporation is suspended. See Funderburg v. Pontotoc
Electric Power Ass’n, 6 So.3d 439 (Miss. Ct. App. 2009). Moreover, section 79-
4-14.21(f) says that a “corporation that has been administratively dissolved
may not maintain any action, suit or proceeding in any court of this state until
the corporation is reinstated.” Miss. Code Ann. § 79-4-14.21(f). Mississippi
                                        5
    Case: 09-60838     Document: 00512747829     Page: 6   Date Filed: 08/27/2014


                                  No. 09-60838

courts have also held that an owner of a corporation is personally liable for
corporate debts and liabilities incurred after administrative dissolution where
the owner played an active role in the management of the company. See
Flanagan v. Jackson Wholesale Bldg. Supply Co., 461 So.2d 761, 764 (Miss.
1984); see also Carolina Transformer Co., Inc. v. Anderson, 341 So.2d 1327
(Miss. 1977).
      Further, as the district court said, reinstatement under section 14.22
was discretionary, and not merely a routine administrative process. The prior
process involved filing an application with the Secretary of State, then, upon
denial, an application to the Chancery Court, which had discretion to reinstate
a dissolved corporation. There could also be an appeal of the chancery court’s
decision. As the court said, the entire process was also premised upon Superior
choosing to continue with the process.       Superior admits that certain tax
liabilities had to be resolved before they could pursue reinstatement.
Additionally, as asserted by 4 H, Superior was aware of its dissolved status
since at least August 31, 2006, from a previous case in which Brent was held
personally liable. Schilling Enterprises, LLC v. Superior Boat Works, Inc.,
2006 WL 2577848, *8 (N.D. Miss. 2006).
      As this court said in PLM: “We also note that under Ballard’s reading of
the statute, courts could not determine corporate authority to sue until after a
suspension was set aside or the twelve-month suspension period had passed.
We doubt that the Mississippi legislature intended to require courts to
warehouse these cases.” PLM, 797 F.2d at 206. Under Superior’s reading of
the statute, a court would be precluded from ever deciding any matter
involving a corporation that had been dissolved. That is clearly not the case,
and, for the reasons set out previously herein, the district court did not err.


                                        6
      Case: 09-60838      Document: 00512747829         Page: 7    Date Filed: 08/27/2014


                                      No. 09-60838

II.    Individual liability of Collins Brent
       The district court found that Brent, as president of Superior and a
twenty-five percent shareholder, may be held liable for the corporate torts
committed by Superior, but had no authority to sue on a contract that belonged
to the corporation under Mississippi law as there was no proof of any
assignment. See Miss. Code Ann. § 11-7-7 1; see also Bruno v. Southeastern
Svcs., Inc., 385 So.2d 620, 622 (Miss. 1980).
       Superior asserts that Brent cannot be individually held liable because,
under the language of section 79-4-14.22(c)(2), once Superior was reinstated on
December 26, 2012, any potential liability of the corporation should be
determined as if Superior had never been dissolved. Superior offers no other
authority for this assertion.
       4 H asserts that the district court properly found Brent individually
liable under Anderson, 341 So.2d 1327. We agree. Under Anderson, the owner
of a corporation is personally liable for corporate liabilities after the
administrative dissolution if he played an active role in the corporation. As
the district court found, Brent served as president and was involved in the day-
to-day management. Accordingly, the district court did not err.
       AFFIRMED.




       1 “Any chose in action or any interest therein, after suit has been filed thereon, may
be sold or assigned the same as other property, whether such claim or any interest therein
was heretofore assignable under the laws of this state or not. . . .” Miss. Code Ann. § 11-7-
7.
                                             7
