Opinion issued February 25, 2014




                                    In The

                             Court of Appeals
                                   For The

                         First District of Texas
                           ————————————
                             NO. 01-13-00085-CV
                          ———————————
                      MICHAEL M. EULER, Appellant
                                      V.
  MILES MARKS AND TEXAS DOW EMPLOYEES FEDERAL CREDIT
                     UNION, Appellees


                    On Appeal from the 9th District Court
                         Montgomery County, Texas
                    Trial Court Case No. 11-06-06132-CV


                        MEMORANDUM OPINION

      Michael Euler appeals the trial court’s rendition of a summary judgment in

favor of Appellees Texas Dow Employees Federal Credit Union and Miles Marks.

A pro se Euler sued Appellees, asserting various claims regarding the allegedly

improper foreclosure of his home. Appellees jointly moved for summary judgment
on no-evidence and traditional grounds, and the trial court granted the motion. We

affirm.

                                   Background

      Euler mortgaged his house in Montgomery County, Texas to Texas Dow.

He later failed to make his mortgage payments, and Texas Dow began the process

of foreclosing on the property. After Euler filed for bankruptcy and triggered an

automatic stay of the foreclosure, the bankruptcy court ordered that the automatic

stay would continue in place only if Euler made monthly payments and carried

casualty insurance on the property. If he failed to do so and failed to cure default

within 10 days, the stay would terminate and Texas Dow would be permitted to

foreclose.

      Euler failed to maintain insurance and make monthly payments. Texas Dow

notified Euler of the defaults, and Euler failed to cure within 10 days.

Accordingly, pursuant to its earlier order, the bankruptcy court terminated the

automatic stay on November 29, 2005.

      On December 12, 2005, Texas Dow sent a notice of foreclosure to Euler.

The notice informed Euler that the foreclosure sale would take place on January 3,

2006. On that day, Marks purchased the property at the foreclosure sale.

      Euler argued to the bankruptcy court that the foreclosure sale was not valid

because (1) the stay was not properly lifted; (2) his counsel was not notified of the


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foreclosure; and (3) he reasonably relied on assurances from Texas Dow that the

property would not be sold. Euler also argued that he was entitled to amend his

bankruptcy plan. The bankruptcy court held that the sale was valid and Euler was

not entitled to amend his bankruptcy plan.

      Euler appealed to the district court, which affirmed the bankruptcy court’s

judgment. Euler appealed to the Fifth Circuit, and the Fifth Circuit affirmed the

district court’s judgment.

      During the course of the federal litigation, Marks brought a forcible detainer

action in justice court seeking possession of the property. On July 6, 2009, the

county court at law held a bench trial, rendered judgment in favor of Marks, and

issued a writ of possession to Marks. That judgment was affirmed by the Ninth

Court of Appeals.

      On July 3, 2011 Euler brought this suit against Marks and Texas Dow in

state court. Euler’s petition requested that the “sale of the home be rescinded and

nullified,” and contended that “he was led to believe, that the property and home in

question, was not to be sold at the foreclosure auction.” Euler also alleged that “a

defective Metes and Bounds was furnished . . . as evidence . . . the successor to the

property (Marks, Riner) did not make purchase of the entire property.”

      On October 23, 2012, Appellees filed a joint motion for traditional and no-

evidence summary judgment, arguing that Euler could adduce no evidence of the


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elements of wrongful foreclosure, breach of contact, common law fraud, or

statutory fraud. In their traditional motion, Appellees argued that Euler’s claims

were precluded by res judicata or collateral estoppel.

      Euler did not file a response to the motion for summary judgment, but did

file a “motion for oral argument” on October 30, 2012. In it, Euler asserted that

      Plaintiff has made numerous gestures and offers to settle the ongoing
      property dispute in the last years, and yet these attempts to Marks and
      Texas Dow has [sic] largely been ignored. The merits of the Civil
      action which concerns Wrongful Foreclosure and Fraudulent Conduct
      on the part(s) of the Defendants should merit consideration of
      Plaintiff’s occupation of the premises until such time a Jury trial . . .

      On November 19, 2012, the trial court granted Appellees’ motion for

summary judgment. Euler filed a motion for reconsideration, which was denied by

operation of law. Euler appealed.

                               Standard of Review

      “We review a trial court’s summary judgment de novo.” Travelers Ins. Co.

v. Joachim, 315 S.W.3d 860, 862 (Tex. 2010). “We review the evidence presented

in the motion and response in the light most favorable to the party against whom

the summary judgment was rendered, crediting evidence favorable to that party if

reasonable jurors could, and disregarding contrary evidence unless reasonable

jurors could not.” Mann Frankfort Stein & Lipp Advisors, Inc. v. Fielding, 289

S.W.3d 844, 848 (Tex. 2009). “When a party has filed both a traditional and a

proper no-evidence summary judgment motion, we first review the trial court’s

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summary judgment under the no-evidence standard of Texas Rule of Civil

Procedure 166a(i).” Essex Crane Rental Corp. v. Carter, 371 S.W.3d 366, 375

(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, pet. denied) (citing Ford Motor Co. v.

Ridgway, 135 S.W.3d 598, 600 (Tex. 2004)).

      “To prevail on a no-evidence motion for summary judgment, the movant

must establish that there is no evidence to support an essential element of the

nonmovant’s claim on which the nonmovant would have the burden of proof at

trial.” Id. (citing TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(i); Hahn v. Love, 321 S.W.3d 517, 523–24

(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2009, pet. denied)). “The burden then shifts to

the nonmovant to present evidence raising a genuine issue of material fact as to

each of the elements specified in the motion.” Id.; see also Hahn, 321 S.W.3d at

523–24. “‘The trial court must grant the motion unless the nonmovant produces

more than a scintilla of evidence raising a genuine issue of material fact on the

challenged elements.’” Essex Crane Rental, 371 S.W.3d at 376 (quoting Flameout

Design & Fabrication, Inc. v. Pennzoil Caspian Corp., 994 S.W.2d 830, 834 (Tex.

App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.)).

                                     Analysis

      A liberal construction of Euler’s petition suggests that he asserted claims for

breach of contract, fraud, and wrongful foreclosure. In their no-evidence motion

for summary judgment, Appellees contended that Euler could adduce no evidence


                                         5
of any of the elements of his claims. The burden then shifted to Euler to produce

more than a scintilla of evidence supporting each element. See Essex Crane

Rental, 371 S.W.3d at 375–76.

      Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 166a requires a party to serve notice of

submission of a summary judgment motion on the nonmovant at least twenty-one

days before the submission date. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c). The nonmovant may

“file and serve opposing affidavits or other written response” not later than seven

days before the submission date.     Id.       Here, Appellees filed their motion on

October 23, 2012 and set it for submission on November 26, 2012. This gave

Euler the required notice and meant that Euler had until November 9, 2012 to file a

response. See id.

      Euler filed no response. Rather, on October 30, 2012, Euler filed only a

document titled “motion for oral argument.” In it, Euler asserted that Appellees

have not settled despite his offers, that Marks is an investor who flips distressed

properties, and that Euler has been harmed by the foreclosure. But these assertions

were not authenticated, sworn, or supported by affidavit and, therefore, are not

summary judgment evidence. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(f) (documents submitted as

summary judgment proof must be sworn or certified); Mackey v. Great Lakes Invs.,

Inc., 255 S.W.3d 243, 252 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2008, pet. denied)

(documents that are unauthenticated, unsworn, or not supported by affidavit are not


                                           6
entitled to consideration as summary judgment proof). Because Euler adduced no

summary judgment evidence to raise a fact issue on any of his claims, the trial

court was obligated to grant Appellees’ no-evidence motion. See TEX. R. CIV. P.

166a(c), (f); Landers v. State Farm Lloyds, 257 S.W.3d 740, 746 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, no pet.) (holding trial court did not err in granting no-

evidence motion for summary judgment in absence of timely response). 1

Accordingly, we hold that the trial court correctly granted Appellees’ no-evidence

motion for summary judgment. 2




1
      Even if we were to construe the assertions in Euler’s motion for oral argument as
      proper summary judgment evidence, summary judgment would still be proper
      because the motion does not address the elements of Euler’s claims. It makes no
      mention of any misrepresentation made to him regarding the foreclosure, any
      agreement Marks may have breached, or defect in the foreclosure sale. See TEX.
      BUS. & COM. CODE ANN. § 27.01 (false representation is element of statutory
      fraud); B&W Supply, Inc. v. Beckman, 305 S.W.3d 10, 16 (Tex. App.—Houston
      [1st Dist.] 2009, pet. denied) (breach of agreement is element of breach of
      contract); DiBello v. Charlie Thomas Ford, Ltd., 288 S.W.3d 118, 122 (Tex.
      App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2009, no pet.) (misrepresentation is an element of
      common law fraud); Sauceda v. GMAC Mortg. Corp., 268 S.W.3d 135, 139 (Tex.
      App.—Corpus Christi 2008, no pet.) (defect in foreclosure sale proceeding is
      element of wrongful foreclosure claim).
2
      Because we affirm the summary judgment on no-evidence grounds, we need not
      address Appellees’ traditional motion for summary judgment, which was based on
      res judicata. See Ford Motor Co. v. Ridgway, 135 S.W.3d 598, 600 (Tex. 2004).
                                          7
                                      Conclusion

      We affirm the trial court’s judgment.



                                                        Rebeca Huddle
                                                        Justice


Panel consists of Chief Justice Radack and Justices Massengale and Huddle.




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