Opinion filed July 10, 2014




                                                In The


           Eleventh Court of Appeals
                                            __________

                                     No. 11-14-00020-CV
                                         __________

IN THE INTEREST OF M.H., A.H., AND D.W.H., III, CHILDREN


                         On Appeal from the 50th District Court
                                      Baylor County, Texas
                                Trial Court Cause No. 10,841


                          MEMORAND UM OPI NI ON
       This is an appeal from an order terminating the parental rights of the mother
and father of M.H., A.H., and D.W.H., III. The mother timely filed an appeal. 1 In
four points of error on appeal, she challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to
support termination. We affirm.
                                        I. Issues on Appeal
       In all four points of error, the mother contends that the trial court’s findings
were not supported by clear and convincing evidence. In the first point, she
       1
        The father voluntarily relinquished his parental rights and did not appeal.
challenges the trial court’s finding that termination was in the best interest of the
children. In the second, third, and fourth points, the mother challenges the findings
that she engaged in endangering conduct, failed to comply with the provisions of a
court order, and placed the children in endangering conditions.
                      II. Termination Standards and Findings
      The termination of parental rights must be supported by clear and
convincing evidence. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001 (West 2014). To determine
if the evidence is legally sufficient in a parental termination case, we review all of
the evidence in the light most favorable to the finding and determine whether a
rational trier of fact could have formed a firm belief or conviction that its finding
was true. In re J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d 570, 573 (Tex. 2005). To determine if the
evidence is factually sufficient, we give due deference to the finding and determine
whether, on the entire record, a factfinder could reasonably form a firm belief or
conviction about the truth of the allegations against the parent. In re C.H., 89
S.W.3d 17, 25–26 (Tex. 2002). To terminate parental rights, it must be shown by
clear and convincing evidence that the parent has committed one of the acts listed
in Section 161.001(1)(A)–(T) and that termination is in the best interest of the
child. FAM. § 161.001.
      With respect to the best interest of a child, no unique set of factors need be
proved.   In re C.J.O., 325 S.W.3d 261, 266 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2010, pet.
denied). But courts may use the non-exhaustive Holley factors to shape their
analysis. Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371–72 (Tex. 1976). These include,
but are not limited to, (1) the desires of the child, (2) the emotional and physical
needs of the child now and in the future, (3) the emotional and physical danger to
the child now and in the future, (4) the parental abilities of the individuals seeking
custody, (5) the programs available to assist these individuals to promote the best
interest of the child, (6) the plans for the child by these individuals or by the
                                          2
agency seeking custody, (7) the stability of the home or proposed placement,
(8) the acts or omissions of the parent that may indicate that the existing parent-
child relationship is not a proper one, and (9) any excuse for the acts or omissions
of the parent. Id. Additionally, evidence that proves one or more statutory grounds
for termination may also constitute evidence illustrating that termination is in the
child’s best interest. C.J.O., 325 S.W.3d at 266.
      In this case, the trial court found that the mother had committed three of the
acts listed in Section 161.001(1)—those found in subsections (D), (E), and (O).
Specifically, the trial court found that the mother had knowingly placed or
knowingly allowed the children to remain in conditions or surroundings that
endangered the children’s physical or emotional well-being; that the mother had
engaged in conduct or knowingly placed the children with persons who engaged in
conduct that endangered the children’s physical or emotional well-being; and that
the mother had failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that
specifically established the actions necessary for her to obtain the return of the
children, who had been in the managing conservatorship of the Department of
Family and Protective Services for not less than nine months as a result of the
children’s removal from the parents for abuse or neglect. The trial court also
found, pursuant to Section 161.001(2), that termination of the mother’s parental
rights would be in the best interest of the children.
                                III. Evidence at Trial
      In 2011, when the Department initially became involved with the children in
this case, there were concerns about the parents’ supervision and care of the
children. A family-based safety plan was instituted to help the family. However,
the father was later incarcerated, and the mother found it even more difficult to
maintain stable living conditions. The children were ultimately removed from the


                                           3
care of their parents in July 2012, when the children were still very young: ages
four, two, and one.
      At the time of removal, the children had behavioral, eating, and dental
issues. They threw excessive tantrums, were extremely scared of the dark, and ate
toilet paper. A.H. had bad cavities and had to have dental surgery after being
placed in foster care. M.H. indicated that her parents fought and then had sex in
the children’s presence. M.H. also said that the parents left the children home
alone at the trailer and “didn’t come back and get us.” The father admitted that he
and the mother left their young children home alone while the parents went out and
partied. He also admitted that he was “on stuff” and “did things [he] shouldn’t
have done.” The mother admitted that she used drugs while the children were in
her care but were asleep. The mother also admitted that, at the time of removal,
she was unable to care for her children.
      Upon removing the children, the trial court ordered the mother to participate
in various services that were necessary for her to obtain the return of her children.
The uncontroverted evidence at trial showed that the mother did not complete the
court-ordered services and, thus, failed to comply with the trial court’s order. The
mother took seven random drug tests during the removal period and failed all
seven. At various times, she tested positive for marihuana, cocaine, amphetamine,
and methamphetamine. The mother also failed to maintain stable housing, failed
to complete a parenting class, and failed to participate in a substance abuse
treatment program. Although the mother asserts that her failure to comply was due
to her poverty, a Department caseworker testified that the mother was
noncompliant because she chose not to work through her service plan. The record
shows that the Department attempted to work with the mother and offered her
various services, including transportation and help with her budget, but that the
mother did not take advantage of the services offered to help her comply with her
                                           4
service plan. At the time of trial, the mother had been working for about five
months and had obtained a one-bedroom apartment from the local housing
authority. Despite being employed, the mother failed to pay her monthly rent of
only $50 for any of the months she had lived there; she relied on various charitable
organizations to pay her rent for her. Furthermore, no three-bedroom apartments
were available, and the housing authority would not permit the children to live
with the mother in a one-bedroom apartment.
      Testimony from the foster mother indicated that the children have adjusted
well to foster care but that they crave attention. Two Department employees also
testified that the children were doing well in foster care. The Department’s goal
for the children is termination and unrelated adoption. Although the foster parents
with whom the children had been living did not intend to adopt the children, the
children were adoptable. The Department has located a suitable family that wants
to adopt the children. At the time of trial, the potential adoptive family had had
five visits with the children; those visits went well. The Department intended to
transition the children slowly into the adoptive family’s home. Services would be
available to assist the adoptive family.       Although the mother and two family
members indicated that the children were bonded with the mother and that
termination would not be in the best interest of the children, other evidence
reflected a lack of any such bond between the mother and the children. The
Department’s conservatorship caseworker testified that she believed termination
would be in the best interest of the children.
                                     IV. Analysis
      A. Mother’s Conduct
      The record contains clear and convincing evidence that the mother failed to
comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically established the actions
necessary for her to obtain the return of the children who had been in the
                                           5
conservatorship of the Department for more than nine months and had been
removed due to abuse or neglect. The mother failed all seven drug tests during the
removal period, and she failed to complete the parenting class, participate in a drug
treatment program, and maintain stable housing as required by her family service
plan and ordered by the trial court. Section 161.001(1)(O) does not “make a
provision for excuses” for the parent’s failure to comply with the court-ordered
services. In re J.S., 291 S.W.3d 60, 67 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2009, no pet.)
(quoting In re T.N.F., 205 S.W.3d 625, 631 (Tex. App.—Waco 2006, pet. denied)).
Furthermore, the mother’s excuses were invalidated by testimony indicating that
her choices, not her socio-economic status, caused her noncompliance with the trial
court’s orders. Clear and convincing evidence also reflected that the children had
been removed due to abuse or neglect and that they had been in the care of the
Department for well over nine months. Consequently, the evidence is legally and
factually sufficient to support the trial court’s finding under Section 161.001(1)(O).
The mother’s third point of error is overruled.
      Furthermore, there was clear and convincing evidence from which the trial
court could reasonably have formed a firm belief that the mother engaged in
conduct or knowingly placed the children with persons who engaged in conduct
that endangered the physical or emotional well-being of the children. FAM. §
161.001(1)(E). Under subsection (E), the relevant inquiry is whether evidence
exists that the endangerment of the children’s well-being was the direct result of
the parents’ conduct, including acts, omissions, or failures to act. In re D.O., 338
S.W.3d 29, 33 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2011, no pet.). Additionally, termination
under subsection (E) must be based on more than a single act or omission; a
voluntary, deliberate, and conscious course of conduct by the parent is required. In
re D.T., 34 S.W.3d 625, 634 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2000, pet. denied); In re
K.M.M., 993 S.W.2d 225, 228 (Tex. App.—Eastland 1999, no pet.). The offending
                                          6
conduct does not need to be directed at the child, nor does the child actually have
to suffer an injury. In re J.O.A., 283 S.W.3d 336, 345 (Tex. 2009). Domestic
violence may constitute evidence of endangerment. Id.; C.J.O., 325 S.W.3d at 265.
The evidence showed that the mother took illegal substances while responsible for
the care of the children and that she left her young children home alone while she
went out and partied. Based on the record in this case, we hold that the evidence
was legally and factually sufficient to support the trial court’s finding under
Section 161.001(1)(E). The mother’s second point of error is overruled.
      Because a finding that a parent committed one of the acts listed in
Section 161.001(1)(A)–(T) is all that is required and because we have held that the
evidence is sufficient to support the trial court’s findings under subsections (E) and
(O), we need not address the mother’s fourth point in which she challenges the
finding made pursuant to subsection (D). See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1.
      B. Children’s Best Interest
      We also hold that, based on clear and convincing evidence presented at trial
and the Holley factors, the trial court could reasonably have formed a firm belief or
conviction that termination of the mother’s parental rights would be in the best
interest of each of the children.     See Holley, 544 S.W.2d at 371–72.         Upon
considering the record as it relates to the desires of the children, the emotional and
physical needs of the children now and in the future, the emotional and physical
danger to the children now and in the future, the parental abilities of the mother
and the couple seeking to adopt the children, the plans for the children by the
Department, the instability of the mother’s home, the stability of the children’s
placement and proposed placement, the acts and omissions indicating that the
parent-child relationship was not a proper one, and the acts of the mother that
endangered her children, we hold that the evidence is sufficient to support the


                                          7
finding that termination of the mother’s parental rights is in the best interest of the
children. See id. The mother’s first point of error is overruled.
                               V. This Court’s Ruling
      We affirm the trial court’s order of termination.




                                                     MIKE WILLSON
                                                     JUSTICE


July 10, 2014
Panel consists of: Wright, C.J.,
Willson, J., and Bailey, J.




                                          8
