             UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR VETERANS CLAIMS


                                                    NO. 15-0641

                                       BOBBY L. WARREN, APPELLANT,

                                                          V.

                                       ROBERT A. MCDONALD,
                              SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, APPELLEE.


                              On Appeal from the Board of Veterans' Appeals

                                         (Decided September 14, 2016)



         Robert V. Chisholm and Matthew J. Ilacqua, both of Providence, Rhode Island, were on the
brief, for the appellant.

       Leigh A. Bradley, General Counsel; Mary A. Flynn, Assistant General Counsel; Edward V.
Cassidy Jr., Deputy Chief Counsel; and Penny C. Kahn, Senior Appellate Attorney, all of
Washington, D.C., were on the brief for the appellee.

         Before LANCE, DAVIS, and BARTLEY, Judges.

         BARTLEY, Judge: Veteran Bobby L. Warren appeals through counsel a November 5, 2014,
Board of Veterans' Appeals (Board) decision finding that the veteran withdrew his appeal of an April
2009 regional office (RO) denial of service connection for sleep apnea and denying entitlement to
an earlier effective date for service connection for sleep apnea.1 R. at 3-15. A panel of the Court
was convened to review the Board's determination that Mr. Warren withdrew his 2009 appeal via
a phone conversation with a VA employee, who memorialized the withdrawal in a written
memorandum, and to address the Secretary's argument that the Board adjudicated a legally precluded


         1
            The Board remanded claims for service connection for gallbladder removal, bilateral pes planus, and
gastroesophalgeal reflux disease, to include as secondary to service-connected asthma, and a claim for entitlement to an
earlier effective date or a compensable rating for service-connected fibromyalgia. Record (R.) at 3, 8-14. Because a
remand is not a final decision of the Board subject to judicial review, the Court does not have jurisdiction to consider
those matters at this time. See Howard v. Gober, 220 F.3d 1341, 1344 (Fed. Cir. 2000); Breeden v. Principi,
17 Vet.App. 475, 478 (2004) (per curiam order); 38 C.F.R. § 20.1100(b) (2016).
freestanding earlier effective date issue. See Frankel v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 23, 25-26 (1990).
We hold that the Board clearly erred in determining that Mr. Warren withdrew his appeal of the
April 2009 RO decision and that the Board wrongly adjudicated an earlier effective date issue not
on appeal and over which the Board did not have jurisdiction. Accordingly, the Court will reverse
the Board's November 5, 2014, finding that Mr. Warren withdrew his appeal of the April 2009 RO
decision and remand the matter of the December 2008 claim for service connection for sleep apnea
for further development, if necessary, and readjudication consistent with this decision.


                                                    I. FACTS
         Mr. Warren served on active duty in the U.S. Army from June 1984 to October 1991. R. at
800. He was diagnosed with sleep apnea in 2008, he filed a claim for service connection for sleep
apnea in December 2008, and the RO denied this claim in April 2009. R. at 339, 504, 507, 582. The
RO received Mr. Warren's Notice of Disagreement (NOD) in May 2009. R. at 498. In an August
2009 Appeal Election Form, he elected to have his appeal processed by a decision review officer
rather than through the traditional appeal process. R. at 476. On April 7, 2010, the RO issued a
Statement of the Case (SOC) continuing to deny service connection for sleep apnea because there
was no evidence of a chronic condition during service. R. at. 416.
         In a statement in support of claim dated March 31, 2010, Mr. Warren stated: "I am
withdrawing my request for a Decision Review Officer (DRO) to review VA's denial of my request
for service connection for Obstructive Sleep Apnea. I am instead requesting a [Board] hearing." R.
at 368, 380. This statement was received by VA on April 7, 2010, and accepted as VA Form 9 (an
appeal to the Board) on April 28, 2010.2 Id. On April 29, 2010, the veteran's representative
submitted a statement reiterating Mr. Warren's desire for a Board hearing to address, inter alia, the
issue of service connection for obstructive sleep apnea, as he had previously indicated on his VA
Form 9. R. at 376; see also R. at 377 (certification of appeal request).
         On April 30, 2010, a VA employee noted on VA Form 21-0820, Report of General
Information, that she spoke to Mr. Warren via telephone and that the "[v]eteran would like to


        2
          The record contains two copies of the statement, one noting date of receipt as April 7, 2010, and the other
noting date of receipt as April 28, 2010.

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withdraw [the] sleep apnea condition from the pending appeal NOD dated 5/11/2009." R. at 366 (a
date stamp indicates that the RO received the form on May 4, 2010). A May 3, 2010, report of
general information form completed by a different VA employee noted that the "[v]eteran called to
inform us that he would like a travel board hearing. He was not sure if this was stated on his Form
9 that was received April 28, 2010." R. at 365 (referencing the VA filing in which Mr. Warren
requested, as to his sleep apnea claim, to withdraw from the DRO process). On May 5, 2010, the
RO certified to the Board Mr. Warren's obstructive sleep apnea claim and noted that a travel board
hearing was requested. R. at 305.
       On May 28, 2010, Mr. Warren's representative submitted a letter to the RO stating "we are
submitting the attached material in support of the pending claim for benefits." R. at 359-60
(emphasis added). The attached documents included a physician's statement that treatment and
medication for Mr. Warren's service-connected asthma caused his obstructive sleep apnea. R. at 360,
362-63. The RO apparently considered this a new claim, and on June 8, 2010, sent the veteran a
Veterans Claims Assistance Act (VCAA) development letter, notifying him that it was working on
his claim for service connection for sleep apnea secondary to asthma. R. at 352. The RO stated that
Mr. Warren had been denied service connection for obstructive sleep apnea in April 2009, the appeal
period for that decision had expired and the decision was final, and thus the RO required new and
material evidence to reopen his claim. Id.
       Mr. Warren underwent a subsequent VA examination in July 2010. R. at 338. The July 2010
examiner concluded that the veteran's sleep apnea was at least as likely as not caused by his service-
connected asthma and provided a rationale for that determination. R. at 344-45.
       In September 2010, the RO granted service connection for obstructive sleep apnea secondary
to service-connected asthma with fatigue, with a 50% evaluation, effective May 28, 2010. R. at 325-
26, 331. As to the effective date assigned, the RO stated that on May 11, 2009, it had received Mr.
Warren's NOD regarding the April 2009 decision that denied service connection for sleep apnea and
on May 4, 2010, received his withdrawal of the sleep apnea appeal claim. R. at 331. The RO noted
that it received his "request to reopen this issue secondary to service[-]connected asthma with fatigue
on May 28, 2010," and so assigned that as the effective date. R. at 331-32. The record does not
show any appeal documents regarding this claim stream.


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       In April 2013, Mr. Warren inquired to VA about the status of the travel Board hearing he
requested in February 2010. R. at 105. He noted that VA's failure to schedule the hearing adversely
impacted his pending appeal and that VA had issued other rating decisions "pertaining to [his] file,"
but no action had been taken with regard to his Board hearing. Id.
       During the June 2013 Board hearing, the Board member characterized the issues on appeal
as including service connection for sleep apnea. R. at 1455. The veteran's representative stated that
the record contained a March 2010 statement that Mr. Warren wanted a Board hearing rather than
a DRO conference for his sleep apnea claim. He argued a procedural error had been made, R. at
1459, and that the April 2010 report of general information indicating that the veteran wished to
withdraw his sleep apnea claim was a misrepresentation of the veteran's wishes, R. at 1454, 1456-57.
He explained that the veteran contacted VA in April 2010 to withdraw the sleep apnea claim from
DRO review so he could proceed to a Board hearing, not to withdraw his sleep apnea claim entirely.
R. at 1457-58. After the representative's statements, the Board member said she would review the
claims file and decipher what had happened. R. at 1458.
       In November 2014, the Board issued the decision on appeal. R. at 3-15. First, the Board
noted that the appeal was from an April 2009 RO denial of service connection for sleep apnea. R.
at 4. The Board then characterized the issue on appeal as entitlement to an effective date earlier than
May 28, 2010, for service connection for sleep apnea. R. at 3. The Board stated that the April 30,
2010, report of general information received by the RO on May 4, 2010, "contained all information
necessary to properly withdraw an appeal required by 38 C.F.R. § 20.204, that the claim was
properly withdrawn as of [that] time," and that there was "no prohibition against a [v]eteran being
able to withdraw a claim over the telephone." R. at 5, 7-8. The Board then found that the proper
effective date of benefits for sleep apnea was May 28, 2010, because on that date Mr. Warren had
"submitted further evidence in support of his claim for service connection for sleep apnea that had
previously been properly withdrawn." R. at 8. This appeal followed.




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                                                 II. ANALYSIS
                                              A. Parties' Arguments
         Mr. Warren argues that the Board failed to apply the proper legal standard in finding that he
withdrew his December 2008 claim. Appellant's Brief (Br.) at 5-7. The Secretary does not address
this argument,3 instead asserting that the Board adjudicated a legally precluded freestanding earlier
effective date issue and therefore the Court must vacate the Board decision and dismiss the appeal.
Secretary's Br. at 9-12. The veteran counters that because there was no valid withdrawal of the
December 2008 claim, the Board had jurisdiction over the issue that was on appeal–the April 2009
RO denial of service connection for sleep apnea. Appellant's Br. at 11.
                               B. Board Analysis as to Withdrawal of Appeal
         A Board determination that a claimant withdrew his or her appeal is a finding of fact subject
to the "clearly erroneous" standard of review set forth in 38 U.S.C. § 7261(a)(4). See Kalman v.
Principi, 18 Vet.App. 522, 524 (2004). The Court will reverse a factual finding of the Board when,
after reviewing the evidence of record, the Court is left with "'a definite and firm conviction that a
mistake has been committed.'" Gilbert v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 49, 53 (1990), (quoting United
States v. U.S. Gypsum Co., 333 U.S. 364 (1948)). "[T]his Court is not permitted to substitute its
judgment for that of the [Board] on issues of material fact; if there is a plausible basis in the record
for the factual determinations of the [Board], the Court cannot overturn them." Id.
         Here, the Board found that the April 30, 2010, Report of General Information form
"contained all information necessary to properly withdraw an appeal required by 38 C.F.R.
§ 20.204." R. at 8. Section 20.204(a) states that "[o]nly an appellant, or an appellant's authorized
representative, may withdraw an appeal" and § 20.204(b) states that "[e]xcept for appeals withdrawn
on the record at a hearing, appeal withdrawals must be in writing." Withdrawal of an appeal is only
effective where withdrawal is explicit, unambiguous, and done with a full understanding of the
consequences of such action on the part of the claimant. See DeLisio v. Shinseki, 25 Vet. App. 45,
57 (2011); see also Kalman, 18 Vet.App. at 524 (reversing a Board finding that a veteran withdrew
his appeal where his statement regarding the "only issue remaining," in context, referred to resolving


         3
         The Court notes that the Secretary stated in passing that Mr. Warren's argument as to withdrawal of his appeal
may have merit. Secretary's Br. at 12.

                                                          5
the location of a video hearing and not limiting the issues on appeal); Verdon v. Brown, 8 Vet.App.
529, 533 (1996) (setting aside a Board finding that a veteran withdrew his appeal as to the
appropriate evaluation where a letter to his representative stated he had "come to an agreement" with
his evaluation, one representative omitted mentioning the evaluation, and a second representative
actually argued the evaluation issue); Isenbart v. Brown, 7 Vet.App. 537, 541 (1995) (where, during
a hearing, a veteran enumerated certain issues and stated that there were no additional issues, the
Court found that "these few words spoken orally" did not provide "the formality or specificity that
withdrawal [of an NOD] requires").
       In Hanson v. Brown, the Court affirmed a Board finding that the veteran withdrew his claim
for service connection for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 9 Vet.App. 29, 31-32 (1996). The
Board based its finding primarily on a report of contact form completed by a VA social worker
assigned to conduct an in-person PTSD evaluation. The report of contact form indicated that the
veteran had been scheduled in error for the evaluation, claimed he had no emotional problems and
had not applied for service connection for PTSD, and only wished to pursue an ankle disability
claim. Id. The Court determined that "other contemporaneous circumstances" in addition to the
report of contact form supported the finding that the PTSD claim was withdrawn, including that VA
did not perform a psychiatric examination, the veteran did not mention PTSD in his NOD, the SOC
focused only on his ankle issue, and the veteran did not object to VA's failure to adjudicate service
connection for PTSD. Id.
        Although the Court in Hanson found that the veteran withdrew his claim based primarily
on the content of a report of contact form, that case differs from Mr. Warren's. First, the social
worker in Hanson met with the veteran in person when she completed the form that indicated
withdrawal. See id. at 30. Here, the VA employee spoke to Mr. Warren over the telephone only.
Second, unlike in Hanson, there is considerable evidence that Mr. Warren did not intend to withdraw
his 2008 sleep apnea claim when he called VA in April 2010. Instead, the following evidence
indicates that Mr. Warren merely wished to remove his sleep apnea claim from the DRO process and
that, even after the April 2010 purported withdrawal, he believed that his sleep apnea claim was still
pending on appeal: the veteran's March 31, 2010, statement, later accepted by VA as a VA Form 9,
in which Mr. Warren stated that he was withdrawing his request for DRO review of the sleep apnea


                                                  6
claim and was instead requesting a Board hearing, R. at 368, 380; the veteran's April 29, 2010,
statement reiterating his desire for a Board hearing to address, inter alia, service connection for sleep
apnea, R. at 376; the May 3, 2010, report of general information noting that the veteran wanted a
Board hearing and was unsure if this was stated on his VA Form 9, a document that referenced only
withdrawing his sleep apnea claim from the DRO process, R. at 365; the veteran's May 28, 2010,
letter in which he stated that he was submitting a private physician's statement that his service-
connected asthma caused his sleep apnea "in support of the pending claim for benefits," R. at 359-63;
and the representative's June 2013 Board hearing statement that when Mr. Warren contacted VA in
April 2010, he did not wish to withdraw his sleep apnea claim but wanted only to withdraw that
claim from DRO review so he could proceed directly to the Board, R. at 1457-58.
          On the record as a whole, the Court is left with the definite and firm conviction that the Board
committed a mistake by finding that Mr. Warren withdrew his appeal. See Gilbert, 1 Vet.App. at
53. Therefore, the Court holds that the Board determination that the veteran withdrew his appeal of
the April 2009 RO decision denying service connection for sleep apnea is clearly erroneous and that
portion of the Board decision will be reversed. See 38 U.S.C. § 7261(a)(4); Kalman, 18 Vet.App.
at 525.
                                 C. Mischaracterization of the Issue on Appeal
          The veteran argues that, because there was no valid withdrawal of his appeal, the Board had
jurisdiction to decide the issue of service connection for sleep apnea and thus mischaracterized the
issue on appeal as entitlement to an earlier effective date. In essence, he argues that the correct issue
on appeal, based on his 2008 claim, is entitlement to service connection for sleep apnea. See
Appellant's Br. at 11; Reply Br. at 4. The Secretary does not address the veteran's withdrawal
arguments. Instead, he counters that the Board adjudicated a legally precluded freestanding earlier
effective date claim in its November 2014 decision. Secretary's Br. at 9. He acknowledges that this
appeal "veered off the appropriate legal course at the June 2013 Board hearing, at which time the
Chairwoman, with affirmation by Appellant's counsel, incorrectly concluded that the 'question' was
'not service connection' but was the 'date that it was made effective, the date of the grant of service
connection.'" Secretary's Br. at 10 (citing R. at 1458). He argues that the Board could only have
adjudicated the issue of an effective date earlier than May 28, 2010, if the veteran had appealed the


                                                     7
September 2010 rating decision granting service connection for sleep apnea and assigning the May
28, 2010, effective date, and that he did not do so. Id. at 10-11. He argues that the only avenue
through which the veteran might obtain an earlier effective date for service connection for sleep
apnea is via a clear and unmistakable error (CUE) motion against the September 2010 rating
decision. Id. at 11.
       Initially, the Court notes that, like Boyd v. McDonald, where the Court discerned two claim
streams–a 1990 claim to reopen and a February 2000 claim for an increased evaluation–this case
involves a "complex procedural picture involving two claim streams." 27 Vet.App. 63, 66 (2014).
Here, Mr. Warren filed a December 2008 claim for service connection for sleep apnea. R. at 504,
582. The RO denied this claim in April 2009, the veteran filed an NOD in May 2009, the RO
continued to deny service connection for sleep apnea in an April 2010 SOC, and the veteran
perfected his appeal on April 28, 2010. R. at 368, 380, 498, 504, 507. The Board thereafter
determined that the appeal of the December 2008 claim for service connection for sleep apnea was
withdrawn. Thus, the existence of any pending sleep apnea claim dating from December 2008
depends on whether the Board correctly determined that Mr. Warren withdrew his appeal of the 2008
claim for service connection for sleep apnea.
       The second claim stream began in May 2010 when the RO construed Mr. Warren's May 28,
2010, submission, which included a physician's statement that treatment and medication for Mr.
Warren's service-connected asthma caused sleep apnea, R. at 360, 362-63, as a request to reopen a
claim for service connection for sleep apnea as secondary to service-connected asthma, R. at 331-32.
This second claim stream arose based on VA's belief that the veteran had withdrawn his 2008 claim.
In the course of this second claim stream, in September 2010 the RO granted service connection for
sleep apnea secondary to service-connected asthma, effective the date of his purported claim to
reopen, May 28, 2010. R. at 325-26, 331. The record does not show that Mr. Warren appealed the
September 2010 decision.
       Mr. Warren's December 2008 claim, which initiated the first claim stream, was a claim for
service connection for sleep apnea. However, the Board twice mischaracterized his claim as one for
an earlier effective date, first, during the June 2013 Board hearing when the Board member stated
that the question seemed to be the appropriate effective date for sleep apnea, R. at 1458, and, second,


                                                  8
in the decision on appeal where the Board identified the issue as entitlement to an effective date for
service connection for sleep apnea earlier than May 28, 2010. R. at 3; see Murphy v. Shinseki,
26 Vet.App. 510, 513-14 (2014) (the Board's improper characterization of an issue was outside the
scope of the veteran's appeal). The Board did not have authority, though, to determine the effective
date of service connection for sleep apnea at the time of the November 5, 2014, decision. See, e.g.,
id. First, the earlier effective date issue had not been presented to and adjudicated by the RO. See
Jarrell v. Nicholson, 20 Vet.App. 326, 330-32 (2006) (en banc) (holding that the Board lacks
jurisdiction over an issue not first presented to and adjudicated by the RO). Moreover, the Board
decision was an appeal from the April 2009 RO decision, part of the first claim stream, and, as noted,
the issue was service connection for sleep apnea and not the effective date of such benefits. See
Boyd, 27 Vet.App. at 66. In considering the issue as whether an effective date earlier than May 28,
2010, was warranted, the Board necessarily relied on the September 2010 RO decision because it
was that decision that granted the May 28, 2010, effective date. However, as outlined above, the
May 2010 claim stream is separate from the December 2008 claim stream and the issue before the
Board at the time of its November 2014 decision was service connection for sleep apnea based on
the veteran's December 2008 claim, not an effective date earlier than May 2010 for service
connection for sleep apnea. See Murphy, 26 Vet.App. at 513-14.
       Caselaw is clear that, because the veteran timely appealed the April 2009 RO decision
denying the December 2008 claim, only a Board decision can resolve the December 2008 claim. See
Jones v. Shinseki, 23 Vet.App. 122, 125 (2009) (where a claim is placed in appellate status by virtue
of filing of an NOD, a subsequent RO decision does not resolve the appeal), aff'd, 619 F.3d 1368
(Fed. Cir. 2010); Juarez v. Peake, 21 Vet.App. 537, 543 (2008) (citing Myers v. Principi,
16 Vet.App. 228 (2002)) (once an NOD has been filed, further RO decisions cannot resolve the
appeal that remains pending before the Board; only a subsequent Board decision can resolve an
initiated, but not completed, appeal). The September 2010 RO decision could not resolve Mr.
Warren's appeal of his December 2008 sleep apnea claim because, by virtue of his appeal, the Board,
not the RO, had jurisdiction over it. The decision of the lower adjudicative body, the RO, cannot
finally decide an issue already on appeal to the Board, the higher administrative appellate body. See
Jones, 23 Vet.App. at 125 ("an appeal can only be resolved by an appellate body, i.e., the Board").


                                                  9
        The Court notes that, although the May 2010 claim stream also involved a claim for service
connection for sleep apnea, albeit based on a purported claim to reopen the December 2008 sleep
apnea claim, the resulting September 2010 RO decision was only able to grant service connection
for sleep apnea effective May 28, 2010, and no earlier. See 38 U.S.C. § 5110(a) (the effective date
that applies to a reopened claim for benefits is the date VA received the reopened claim or the date
entitlement to the benefit arose, whichever is later). Although a Board decision was required to
resolve Mr. Warren's appeal of his December 2008 claim, the November 2014 Board decision did
not address the relevant issue on appeal (i.e., the issue of service connection for sleep apnea from
December 2008); instead, it improperly focused on an issue not in appellate status, whether Mr.
Warren was entitled to an earlier effective date for service connection for sleep apnea.
        Given the foregoing, the Court agrees with the Secretary that the Board did not have
jurisdiction to adjudicate an earlier effective date claim. Rather, it had jurisdiction to adjudicate the
appeal of the December 2008 claim for entitlement to service connection for sleep apnea and any
issue essentially related thereto, such as whether the veteran withdrew his appeal of that decision.
See Murphy, 26 Vet.App. at 513-14; Boyd, 27 Vet.App. at 66; Juarez, 21 Vet.App. at 543; Jarrell,
20 Vet.App. at 330-32; see also DeLisio, 25 Vet.App. at 57.
        Furthermore, because the Court holds that Mr. Warren's December 2008 claim was not
withdrawn and is therefore pending, we reject the Secretary's argument that the veteran's only avenue
to obtain service-connected disability benefits for sleep apnea prior to May 2010 is by filing a CUE
motion as to the September 2010 RO decision. See generally Roberson v. Principi, 251 F.3d 1378,
1384 (Fed. Cir. 2001) (if a claim remains pending, there is no final decision on that issue and there
is no final decision to revise on the basis of CUE and the claim must be adjudicated).
                                              D. Remand
        The Court holds that the Board clearly erred when it determined that Mr. Warren withdrew
his appeal of the April 2009 RO decision denying the December 2008 claim for service connection
for sleep apnea, and thus reverses that portion of the Board decision. See 38 U.S.C. § 7261(a)(4);
Kalman, 18 Vet.App. at 525; Gilbert, 1 Vet.App. at 53. Therefore, on remand, the Board must
address the merits of the December 2008 claim. This would require it to consider Mr. Warren's May
28, 2010, submission–a physician's statement that the veteran's treatment and medication for service-


                                                   10
connected asthma caused sleep apnea. See R. at 360, 362-63; see also 38 C.F.R. § 3.156(b) (2016)
("New and material evidence received prior to the expiration of the appeal period, or prior to the
appellate decision if a timely appeal has been filed . . . will be considered as having been filed in
connection with the claim which was pending at the beginning of the appeal period.").
       On remand, the veteran is free to submit additional evidence and argument on the remanded
matter, in accordance with Kutscherousky v. West, 12 Vet.App. 369, 372–73 (1999) (per curiam
order), and the Board must consider any such evidence or argument submitted. See Kay v. Principi,
16 Vet.App. 529, 534 (2002).


                                      III. CONCLUSION
       Upon consideration of the foregoing, the Board's November 5, 2014, finding that Mr. Warren
withdrew his appeal of the April 2009 RO decision is REVERSED, and the December 2008 claim
for service connection for sleep apnea is REMANDED for further development, if necessary, and
readjudication consistent with this decision.




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