                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                    No. 19-1775
                               Filed January 9, 2020


IN THE INTEREST OF K.V. and H.V.,
Minor Children,

K.D., Mother,
       Appellant.
________________________________________________________________


      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Woodbury County, Mark C. Cord III,

District Associate Judge.



      A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights to two children.

AFFIRMED.



      Joseph W. Kertels of the Juvenile Law Center, Sioux City, for appellant

mother.

      Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorney

General, for appellee State.

      Patrick T. Parry, Sioux City, guardian ad litem for minor children.



      Considered by Doyle, P.J., Tabor, J., and Vogel, S.J.*

      *Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206

(2020).
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DOYLE, Presiding Judge.

       A mother challenges the order terminating her parental rights to her children

under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(d), (g), (h), and (l) (2019). We review her

claims de novo. See In re A.S., 906 N.W.2d 467, 472 (Iowa 2018). We may affirm

the termination order if clear and convincing evidence supports one of the grounds

for termination. See In re T.S., 868 N.W.2d 425, 435 (Iowa Ct. App. 2015).

       The mother does not dispute that the evidence establishes the first three

requirements of Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h), which relate to the children’s

age, their adjudication as children in need of assistance (CINA), and the amount

of time that has passed since their removal from the mother’s care. She instead

argues the State failed to prove the children could not be returned to the mother at

the time of the termination hearing without exposing them to a harm that would

lead to new CINA adjudications. See Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(h)(4) (requiring

“clear and convincing evidence that at the present time the child cannot be

returned to the custody of the child’s parents as provided in section 232.102”); In

re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 707 (Iowa 2010) (interpreting the term “at the present

time” to mean to mean “at the time of the termination hearing”); In re M.S., 889

N.W.2d 675, 680 (Iowa Ct. App. 2016) (observing that a child cannot be returned

to the custody of the parent under section 232.102 if doing so would expose the

child to any harm amounting to a new CINA adjudication). We disagree.

       The record shows the mother, twenty-four years old at the time of the

termination hearing, has a long history of substance use—stretching back to when

she was fourteen years old. It was her ongoing substance abuse that led to the

termination of her parental rights to three other children. The mother continued
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using methamphetamine while pregnant with the two children at issue in this

appeal. Both were born testing positive for methamphetamine. Although she

claims she had six months of sobriety at the termination hearing, we are skeptical

of her claim because the record shows she has been dishonest and evasive

throughout the case with any information that she knows will reflect poorly on her.

Even assuming the mother has managed six months of sobriety, a short period of

sobriety is not a reliable indicator of her ability to remain sober when considered in

light of her history, which includes ten years of substance use and several prior

failed attempts at sobriety. Also, the family safety, risk, and permanency service

provider testified that the mother continues to associate with a friend whose

daughter is actively using and that the friend’s daughter is usually around when

the mother is visiting. As the juvenile court observed, “Six months of sobriety does

not wipe away years of use, abuse, and neglect of her children.”           See In re

Dameron, 306 N.W.2d 743, 745 (Iowa 1981) (noting that insight to the future “can

be gained from evidence of the parent’s past performance”). The past is prologue

to the future.

       Although the mother asserted she was ready to take the children home the

day of the termination hearing, she admitted she could not take care of both of

them by herself in a supervised visitation setting.

       We agree with the juvenile court that clear and convincing evidence shows

the children could not be returned to the mother’s care at the time of the termination

hearing; we affirm the termination of her parental rights under section

232.116(1)(h).
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       The mother asks for additional time to prove herself a capable parent. See

Iowa Code § 232.104(2)(b) (allowing the court to continue placement of the child

for six more months if it determines “that the need for removal of the child from the

child’s home will no longer exist at the end of the additional six-month period”). But

“our legislature has established a limited time frame for parents to demonstrate

their ability to be parents.” In re J.E., 723 N.W.2d 793, 800 (Iowa 2006). Once the

grounds for termination have been proved, time is of the essence. See In re A.C.,

415 N.W.2d 609, 614 (Iowa 1987) (“It is unnecessary to take from the children's

future any more than is demanded by statute.”). As we have often said, children

are not equipped with pause buttons. See In re R.J., 436 N.W.2d 630, 636 (Iowa

1989) (noting that once the time period for reunification set by the legislature has

expired, “patience on behalf of the parent can quickly translate into intolerable

hardship for the children”). “We do not gamble with the [child’s] future by asking

them to continuously wait for a stable biological parent, particularly at such tender

ages.” In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 707 (Iowa 2010). The mother’s parental rights

have been terminated to three other children. The older of the two children at issue

was removed from the mother’s care more than fifteen months before the

termination hearing.     Considering the mother’s involvement with the Iowa

Department of Human Services and the juvenile court for almost six years, we

deny the mother’s request for additional time.

       Finally, the mother claims there is no need to terminate her parental rights

because the goal was to place the children with their respective fathers. Our

termination statute provides that the court “need not terminate the relationship

between the parent and child if the court finds . . . [a] relative has legal custody of
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the child.”     Iowa Code § 232.116(3)(a).    But this provision is permissive, not

mandatory. See A.S., 906 N.W.2d at 475. And relative placement does not

countermand an otherwise appropriate determination to terminate a parent-child

relationship.    See id.    Our primary concern continues to be the child’s best

interests. See id. And for these children, that interest is served by terminating the

mother’s parental rights.

       AFFIRMED.
