                                Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 610

                ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                      DIVISION IV
                                      No. CV-16-517


THE MADISON COMPANIES, LLC,                       Opinion Delivered December 14, 2016
AND HORSEPOWER
ENTERTAINMENT, LLC                                APPEAL FROM THE PULASKI
                   APPELLANTS                     COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
                                                  TWELFTH DIVISION
V.                                                [NO. 60CV-15-2799]

                                                  HONORABLE ALICE S. GRAY,
GRANT WILLIAMS                                    JUDGE
                                 APPELLEE
                                                  AFFIRMED



                              RITA W. GRUBER, Judge

       The issue in this interlocutory appeal is whether an arbitration agreement exists

between appellee, Grant Williams, and appellants, The Madison Companies, LLC, and

Horsepower Entertainment, LLC (a wholly owned subsidiary of The Madison Companies,

LLC). The Pulaski County Circuit Court entered an order finding that an arbitration

agreement did not exist between the parties. Appellants appeal from the court’s order,

arguing that there is a valid, enforceable arbitration agreement, that Mr. Williams’s claims

against appellants fall within the agreement, and that they have the right to enforce the

agreement. We affirm the circuit court’s order.

       On February 14, 2015, Mr. Williams purchased tickets online for an outdoor music

festival, Thunder on the Mountain, to be held June 26–28, 2015, on Mulberry Mountain

near Ozark, Arkansas. Although the parties dispute appellants’ precise role in organizing and
                                 Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 610

promoting the festival, Mr. Williams alleged in his complaint that Pipeline Productions, Inc.

(“Pipeline”), and Backwood Enterprises, LLC (together, the “Pipeline Defendants”), and

appellants jointly organized and promoted the festival. According to Mr. Williams, the

Pipeline Defendants had a dispute with appellants about funding after tickets had already

been sold, but the joint group continued to promote and sell festival tickets. Finally, on June

12, 2015, Pipeline notified Mr. Williams and other ticket holders that Thunder on the

Mountain had been canceled and that Pipeline would refund ticket holders’ money within

90 days.

       On June 22, 2015, Mr. Williams filed a complaint on behalf of himself and a class of

similarly situated persons against the Pipeline Defendants and appellants.1 Mr. Williams

alleged that he had purchased tickets to Thunder on the Mountain from appellants and the

Pipeline Defendants. He claimed that they had hidden the funding issues from him and other

ticket purchasers, continuing to sell tickets with the knowledge that the festival was at great

risk of being canceled. Thus, he alleged, he and others continued purchasing tickets, making

hotel and other accommodation plans, and incurring substantial damages. Mr. Williams

alleged that the Pipeline Defendants and appellants had violated the Arkansas Deceptive

Trade Practices Act and that their acts were deceptive, unfair, unconscionable, and

misleading.

       Appellants filed a motion to compel arbitration on December 18, 2015. They did not

produce either a contract or arbitration agreement between themselves and Mr. Williams.


       1
        The Pipeline Defendants are not parties to this appeal.

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Rather, they produced an arbitration agreement from the website of Front Gate Tickets

(“Front Gate”), the conduit through which all online tickets to the festival had allegedly been

sold. They also attached the affidavit of David R. Lionette, a senior vice president for asset

management with The Madison Companies, LLC.

       In his affidavit, Mr. Lionette stated that his duties included overseeing and managing

this litigation against appellants. He said that he had accessed the Front Gate Tickets Thunder

on the Mountain Festival website through a Google search, where he “clicked on” a “terms

of use” link and was transferred to a webpage containing Front Gate’s terms of use and terms

of sale. He stated that the terms included a binding arbitration agreement. He attached a

screenshot of the terms of use and terms of sale, including the arbitration agreement, to his

affidavit. He then stated that, although he could not purchase tickets for the Thunder on the

Mountain Festival because his search was performed months after the show had been

canceled, he visited the main Front Gate Tickets’ website and accessed four other events for

which he could purchase tickets. He stated that there was a prominent hyperlink for Front

Gate’s terms of use at the bottom of each website for the four events. He stated that the

terms of use for each event were identical and that all included arbitration agreements.

According to his affidavit, in Mr. Lionette’s experience, each event’s website had an identical

checkout procedure for the purchase of tickets. He attached screenshots of each checkout

screen. He stated that a consumer could not execute a purchase until he or she affirmatively

agreed to the terms of sale. He said that there was a hyperlink on the “terms of sale” language

and that by clicking on the link, a consumer could view the entire terms of sale, including


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an arbitration agreement. He claimed that, based on his review of these websites, the

arbitration agreement for each of the four events’ websites was identical to the arbitration

agreement for Thunder on the Mountain Festival.

       Using Mr. Lionette’s affidavit and attached screenshots and Mr. Williams’s ticket, or

print pass, which included the Front Gate Tickets logo on the bottom, appellants argued in

their motion that there was clearly a valid and binding arbitration agreement between Front

Gate and Mr. Williams; that language in the agreement extended the agreement to other

parties; and that Mr. Williams was equitably estopped from refusing to arbitrate with

appellants because he was seeking to enforce claims directly related to the contract.

       At the hearing on the motion, the circuit court expressed doubt that appellants could

prove the existence of an arbitration agreement between them and Mr. Williams by

producing an arbitration agreement they had obtained online between Front Gate and

another purchaser for another event. Appellants argued that Mr. Williams’s assent to an

arbitration agreement with Front Gate could be inferred from Mr. Lionette’s affidavit

regarding Front Gate’s procedures and processes for other events. Mr. Williams objected to

Mr. Lionette’s affidavit for lack of personal knowledge and proper authentication regarding

Front Gate’s website and operations. The court then recognized two concerns: first, the

affidavit was from an employee of a party rather than Front Gate and, second, there was

nothing in the record to reflect that what the employee saw on Front Gate’s website was in

place when Mr. Williams purchased his tickets ten months earlier. The court’s order, entered

on February 17, 2016, denying appellants’ motion to compel arbitration “in all respects”


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stated the following: “The Court does not find that an arbitration agreement exists between

[Mr. Williams] and [appellants].”

       An order denying a motion to compel arbitration is an immediately appealable order.

Ark. R. App. P.–Civil 2(a)(12) (2016). We review a circuit court’s order denying a motion

to compel arbitration de novo on the record. HPD, LLC v. TETRA Techs., Inc., 2012 Ark.

408, at 5, 424 S.W.3d 304, 307. We decide the issues on appeal using the record developed

in the circuit court without deference to the circuit court’s ruling. Wyatt v. Giles, 95 Ark.

App. 204, 205, 235 S.W.3d 552, 554 (2006). We are not bound by the circuit court’s

decision, but in the absence of a showing that the circuit court erred in its interpretation of

the law, we will accept its decision as correct on appeal. Diamante v. Dye, 2013 Ark. App.

630, at 4, 430 S.W.3d 196, 199. Further, we recognize that arbitration is strongly favored in

Arkansas. Courtyard Gardens Health & Rehab., LLC v. Arnold, 2016 Ark. 62, at 6, 485 S.W.3d

669, 673.

       When a court is asked to compel arbitration, it is limited to deciding two threshold

questions: (1) Is there a valid agreement to arbitrate between the parties? and (2) If such an

agreement exists, does the dispute fall within its scope? LegalZoom.com, Inc. v. McIllwain,

2013 Ark. 370, at 8–9, 429 S.W.3d 261, 265. A threshold inquiry is whether an agreement

to arbitrate exists; that is, whether there has been mutual agreement, with notice of the terms

and subsequent assent. Alltel Corp. v. Sumner, 360 Ark. 573, 576, 203 S.W.3d 77, 80 (2005).

We keep in mind two legal principles when deciding whether the parties to an arbitration

agreement entered into a valid contract: (1) a court cannot make a contract for the parties but


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can only construe and enforce the contract that they have made; and if there is no meeting

of the minds, there is no contract; and (2) it is well settled that in order to make a contract

there must be a meeting of the minds as to all terms, using objective indicators. Williamson

v. Sanofi Winthrop Pharm., Inc., 347 Ark. 89, 98, 60 S.W.3d 428, 434 (2001). Both parties

must manifest assent to the particular terms of the contract. Alltel Corp, 360 Ark. at 576, 203

S.W.3d at 80. For a party to assent to a contract, the terms of the contract, including an

arbitration agreement, must have been effectively communicated. Asset Acceptance, LLC v.

Newby, 2014 Ark. 280, at 8, 437 S.W.3d 119, 123; see also Alltel Corp., supra. Finally, a party

can be forced to arbitrate only those issues it specifically has agreed to submit to arbitration.

First Options of Chicago, Inc. v. Kaplan, 514 U.S. 938, 943 (1995).

       We turn now to the threshold inquiry—that is, whether an agreement to arbitrate

between the parties exists. Appellants argue that they provided sufficient proof of an

agreement to arbitrate between Front Gate Tickets and Mr. Williams. Their proof was

comprised of Mr. Lionette’s affidavit and attached screenshots from Front Gate Tickets’

website. While Mr. Williams admitted that he had purchased his ticket online and his print

pass contained the logo for Front Gate Tickets on the bottom of the ticket, he did not admit

that he had agreed to any particular contract terms, and he specifically denied that he had

agreed to the arbitration provision attached to Mr. Lionette’s affidavit.

       Appellants argue that “clickwrap agreements” pursuant to which a consumer must

accept certain terms and conditions in order to purchase an item online have been upheld

as valid and enforceable. And we have reviewed the case cited by appellants in support of


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their argument. See, e.g., Goza v. Multi-Purpose Civic Ctr. Facilities Bd. for Pulaski Cty., 12-

CV-6125, 2014 WL 3672128 (W.D. Ark. July 23, 2014) (finding arbitration provision valid

in case between parties to the actual agreement). Appellants have not provided any case law

on all fours with the facts in this case, however. They do not allege that they have entered

into an arbitration agreement with Mr. Williams, nor do they allege that they are in any

manner affiliated with Front Gate Tickets. Indeed, they have alleged that they had

“absolutely nothing to do with the promotion, sales, or marketing of tickets to Thunder

Mountain Festival” and merely loaned money to Pipeline. They attempt to prove Front

Gate’s operations, procedures, and processes by their own employee’s affidavit. This

employee was a vice president in asset management in charge of this litigation for appellants

who conducted internet searches on Front Gate’s website for events unrelated to Thunder

on the Mountain. And, with no evidence provided by Front Gate Tickets and without being

a party to any agreement, appellants attempt to argue that an arbitration agreement allegedly

entered into by Mr. Williams and Front Gate Tickets was specifically intended to apply to

appellants.

       We hold that this is simply not sufficient to prove that an arbitration agreement was

effectively communicated to Mr. Williams or that he assented to its terms. Screenshots

obtained by the employee of a party unconnected with Front Gate ten months after Mr.

Williams purchased his ticket are not sufficiently specific to demonstrate effective

communication of Front Gate’s arbitration agreement to Mr. Williams. Although Mr.

Williams’s print pass does contain a reference to Pipeline’s terms of use—specifically stating


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that it is “subject to Pipeline Ticketing’s Terms of Use, Terms of Ticket Sales and Terms of

PrintPass Sales, each available at www.pipelineproductions.com”—it does not refer to terms

of use for Front Gate. A Front Gate Tickets logo appears on the bottom of the ticket, but

there is no other information regarding Front Gate.

       Because the additional issues argued by appellants presume the existence of a contract

requiring arbitration, we need not address those issues. See Alltel Corp., 360 Ark. at 579, 203

S.W.3d at 81–82.

       Affirmed.

       VIRDEN and HIXSON, JJ., agree.

       Wright, Lindsey & Jennings, LLP, by: Scott A. Irby and Michael A. Thompson and

Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP, by: Richard B. Benenson, pro hac vice, for appellants.

       Steel, Wright & Colllier, PLLC, by: Nate Steel, Alex T. Gray, and Scott Poynter, of

counsel, for appellee.




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