                               THIRD DIVISION
                              ELLINGTON, P. J.,
                         DILLARD and MCFADDEN, JJ.

                    NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be
                    physically received in our clerk’s office within ten
                    days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.
                                http://www.gaappeals.us/rules


                                                                    October 23, 2015




In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
 A15A1613. DOWDELL v. FITZGIBBON, CHIEF APPRAISER DI-078
     FOR THE FULTON COUNTY BOARD OF TAX
     ASSESSORS, FULTON COUNTY, GEORGIA.

      DILLARD, Judge.

      In this discretionary appeal, Mark Dowdell appeals from the Superior Court of

Fulton County’s reversal of a decision by the Fulton County Personnel Board (“the

Board”) to suspend his employment with the Fulton County Board of Tax Assessors

rather than terminate him. Dowdell argues on appeal that the superior court erred in

(1) concluding that the Board had made an “indirect” finding as to his violation of the

personnel regulation at issue, (2) holding that the Board lacked the authority to reduce

a termination to a suspension, and (3) holding that the Board lacked discretion to

reduce the severity of the remedy for the violation at issue. But because neither the
record before us nor the record before the superior court contains properly proved

personnel regulations, we are constrained to reverse without reaching the merits.

      The record reflects that Dowdell was terminated from his employment with the

Fulton County Board of Tax Assessors after a meeting with his immediate supervisor

and with the deputy chief appraiser who supervises the entire residential staff,

including Dowdell and his immediate supervisor. During the meeting, Dowdell was

asked about his mishandling of files that were left in a hallway outside of his

supervisor’s door. Dowdell became defensive and stood up over his supervisor,

yelling at her. The deputy chief appraiser told Dowdell to sit down several times, but

he only complied with this directive after the deputy chief appraiser threatened to call

security.

      David Fitzgibbon, the chief appraiser, investigated the incident and concluded

that Dowdell violated three Fulton County personnel regulations and one Fulton

County policy. Eventually, Fitzgibbon terminated Dowdell, who appealed to the

Board.

      After its review, the Board concluded that there was insufficient evidence and

testimony to uphold the discipline in connection with two of the three regulations and

with the county policy; however, it concluded that the evidence warranted suspension

                                           2
rather than dismissal for Dowdell’s violation of the remaining regulation—i.e.,

Personnel Regulation 1800, Article 11 (B) – Insubordination. Fitzgibbon then filed

a petition for a writ of certiorari in the superior court.

      The superior court reversed the Board, concluding that the Board erred as a

matter of law by imposing its own less severe discipline despite determining,

indirectly, that Dowdell violated Personnel Regulation 1800, Article 11 (B), which

was his third offense in less than two years. And according to the superior court, the

regulation required dismissal for a third violation. Dowdell then filed an application

for discretionary appeal, seeking review of the superior court’s decision, which we

granted. This appeal follows.

      Initially, we note that the appropriate standard of review to be applied to

“issues of fact on writ of certiorari to the superior court is whether the decision below

was supported by any evidence.”1 Then, on appeal to this Court, our duty is “not to

review whether the record supports the superior court’s decision but whether the

record supports the initial decision of the local governing body or administrative



      1
       Tax Comm’r of Fulton Cty. v. Williams, 267 Ga. App. 139, 139 (598 SE2d
862) (2004) (punctuation omitted); accord Coweta Cty. v. Henderson, 270 Ga. App.
153, 154 (606 SE2d 7) (2004).

                                            3
agency.”2 But in the case sub judice, we are required to reverse without reaching the

merits of this appeal because neither the record before this Court nor the record

before the superior court contained properly proved copies of the regulations at issue.

Indeed, in supplemental briefs—which this Court invited the parties to file in order

to address this issue—both parties agree that the record does not contain a certified

copy of the relevant personnel regulations.

      It is well established that neither this Court, nor the superior courts, may take

judicial notice of city or county ordinances, which instead must be alleged and

proved.3 And likewise, “ rules and regulations of a state agency, county, municipality,

or private agency, unless published by authority, cannot be judicially noticed.”4 The


      2
      Williams, 267 Ga. App. at 139 (punctuation omitted); accord Henderson, 270
Ga. App. at 154.
      3
         See Childers v. Richmond Cty., 266 Ga. 276, 277 (467 SE2d 176) (1996) (“[I]t
is well established by numerous decisions of this court that judicial notice can not be
taken by the superior court or this court of city or county ordinances, but they must
be alleged and proved.” (punctuation omitted)); see also Morrow v. Angkawijana,
LLC, 327 Ga. App. 1, 5 (1) (755 SE2d 561) (2014) (“[W]e are unable to review the
merits of the [appellant’s] arguments in this regard because they have failed to prove
the Gwinnett County regulations upon which they rely to support their claim. The
[appellants] fail to cite us to any certified copy in the record of the Gwinnett County
regulations, and we have found none.”).
      4
       Outdoor Sys., Inc. v. Cherokee Cty., 243 Ga. App. 406, 407 (1) (533 SE2d
446) (2000).

                                          4
proper method of proving a county regulation is by production of the original or of

a properly certified copy.5 And here, although copies of the relevant regulations

appear in the certified copy of the proceedings before the Board, which were then

transmitted to the superior court, a certified copy of the regulations was neither filed

with nor tendered to the superior court. Thus, because the record contains “no proper

proof of the [relevant personnel regulations], we cannot consider its language.”6

      The superior court’s order reflects that it found “that there was sufficient

evidence to support the . . . Board’s finding of insubordination under Personnel

Regulation 1800, Article 11 (B); however the Personnel Board made an error of law

with regard to the discipline imposed for this third (3rd) instance of insubordination

in less than two years.” The superior court then looked to the relevant Fulton County

personnel regulations to evaluate their discipline structure and to reach its conclusion

that the Board erred as a matter of law by substituting its own judgment to determine

the appropriate level of discipline. Then, once again, the superior court concluded that

the evidence supported the Board’s conclusion that Dowdell had violated the relevant

      5
       Morrow, 327 Ga. App. at 5 (1); see also Thorsen v. Saber, 288 Ga. 18, 19 (1)
(701 SE2d 133) (2010) (“The proper method of proving a city ordinance is by
production of the original or of a properly certified copy.”).
      6
          Thorsen, 288 Ga. at 19 (1) (punctuation omitted).

                                           5
regulation but, according to the court, the regulation itself provided for the minimum

level of discipline in the instance of a third violation.

      In looking to the superior court’s order and to the initial briefs by the parties

on appeal, it is readily apparent that the issues focus entirely on whether there is

sufficient evidence to support the Board’s decision as to whether Dowdell violated

specific county regulations and, if so, whether these regulations mandate a particular

level of discipline and/or impact any discretion the Board may have in imposing such

discipline. But because copies of the regulations at issue were not properly before the

superior court,7 the court erred in basing its decision on those regulations.8

      Accordingly, for all of the foregoing reasons, we reverse.

      Judgment reversed. Ellington, P. J., and McFadden, J., concur.




      7
        See, e.g., Childers, 266 Ga. at 276 (“It is well established by numerous
decisions of this court that judicial notice can not be taken by the superior court or
this court of city or county ordinances, but they must be alleged and proved.”).
      8
        See Barrett v. Sanders, 262 Ga. App. 63, 66 (2) (584 SE2d 676) (2003)
(holding that superior court erred in reaching conclusions based upon regulations that
were not properly before the court); see also Childers, 266 Ga. at 276 (“[T]he trial
court erred in ordering appellants to comply with the terms of an ordinance not
properly before the court.” (citations and punctuation omitted)).

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