16-1493-cv
Corrado v. New York State Unified Court System


                             UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                 FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                            SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A
SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY
FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1.
WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST
CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION
“SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT
ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

        At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the
Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the
11th day of October, two thousand seventeen.

PRESENT:
            DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON,
            GERARD E. LYNCH,
            DENNY CHIN,
                  Circuit Judges.
_____________________________________

NICOLE CORRADO,

                           Plaintiff-Appellant,

                  v.                                                       16-1493-cv

NEW YORK STATE UNIFIED COURT SYSTEM, LUIS
GONZALEZ, JOHN MCCONNELL, ROY REARDON,
JORGE DOPICO, ANGELA CHRISTMAS, NAOMI
GOLDSTEIN, VINCENT RANIERE,

                           Defendants-Appellees,

ALAN FRIEDBERG,

                  Defendant.
_____________________________________

FOR PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT:                            NICOLE CORRADO, ESQ., proceeding pro se,
                                                    Douglaston, New York.
FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLEE RANIERE:                       WENDY STRYKER, Frankfurt Kurnit Klein &
                                                      Selz, P.C., New York, New York.

FOR OTHER DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES:                       DAVID LAWRENCE III (Barbara D.
                                                      Underwood, Anisha S. Dasgupta, on the
                                                      brief), for Eric T. Schneiderman, Attorney
                                                      General of the State of New York, New
                                                      York, New York.

       Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New

York (Irizarry, C.J.).

       UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND

DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.

       Appellant Nicole Corrado, Esq., proceeding pro se, appeals from the district court’s

judgment dismissing the action with prejudice. Corrado, a former principal attorney for the

Departmental Disciplinary Committee of the New York State Appellate Division, First

Department (“DDC”) of the New York State Unified Court System (“UCS”), sued UCS, and

several UCS employees, bringing claims for sexual harassment and retaliation under federal, state,

and city law. In a February 17, 2016 opinion, the district court dismissed several of Corrado’s

claims against the individual defendants as time-barred. On April 4, 2016, Corrado filed a letter

to the district court “request[ing] that [her] case be discontinued.” Pl.-Appellant App. 260. The

district court construed Corrado’s request as a motion for voluntary dismissal under Federal Rule

of Civil Procedure 41(a)(2) and dismissed the action with prejudice. We assume the parties’

familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and the issues on appeal.

       Corrado asserts that the district court erred by dismissing the action with prejudice. “[I]f

the plaintiff either moves for dismissal without prejudice or fails to specify whether the request is


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for dismissal with or without prejudice, the matter is left to the [court’s] discretion . . . . The trial

court may grant a Rule 41(a) dismissal without prejudice or may require that the dismissal be with

prejudice.” 9 Charles A. Wright & Arthur R. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 2367,

Voluntary Dismissal—Effect of Dismissal (3d ed. 2017). As we have observed, “[v]oluntary

dismissal without prejudice is . . . not a matter of right.” Zagano v. Fordham Univ., 900 F.2d 12,

14 (2d Cir. 1990).

        Although Corrado was proceeding pro se at the time she filed the April 2016 letter, “pro se

attorneys such as [Corrado] typically ‘cannot claim the special consideration which the courts

customarily grant to pro se parties.’” Holtz v. Rockefeller & Co., 258 F.3d 62, 82 n.4 (2d Cir.

2001) (quoting Harbulak v. Cty. of Suffolk, 654 F.2d 194, 198 (2d Cir. 1981)). In her April 2016

letter, Corrado explained that “[m]ost importantly, this case has had dire consequences and effects

on the emotional, personal and well-being of my daughter, and I cannot continue to allow this

devastating situation to further adversely affect her life.” Pl.-Appellant App. 259 (emphasis

added). Corrado, in the next sentence, declared that “I wish to discontinue this litigation.” Id.

In addition to her statement that she “cannot continue” and the requests that she “wish[ed] to

discontinue this ligation” and that her “case be discontinued,” Corrado noted that she had

“contacted numerous lawyers” and “tried to retain attorneys,” but her “diligent[]” efforts to find

counsel were met “without success.”           Id. at 259–60.      In the letter (and throughout the

proceedings below), Corrado proclaimed “repeatedly and unequivocally” that she “would not and

could not proceed pro se.” Id. at 259. Corrado refused to proceed without legal representation,

notwithstanding the fact that “it is well-settled that, except when faced with the prospect of

imprisonment, a litigant has no legal right to counsel in civil cases.” Guggenheim Capital, LLC v.
                                                  3
Birnbaum, 722 F.3d 444, 453 (2d Cir. 2013) (citations omitted). Indeed, during a conference five

weeks prior to Corrado’s April 2016 letter, Corrado said to Magistrate Judge Go that “I think I’ve

made it clear, Your Honor, I am not representing myself in this case.” Pl.-Appellant App. 245.

Even when Magistrate Judge Go explained that Corrado “can’t unilaterally decide that,” Corrado

insisted that “[n]o, that is my position. I can unilaterally decide that.” Id. (emphasis added). In

an order issued the next day, Magistrate Judge Go informed Corrado that “if she fails to obtain new

counsel, she will be expected to proceed in this action by herself” and cited Guggenheim. Id. at

254. Corrado’s April 2016 letter stating that she had “contacted numerous lawyers” and “tried to

retain attorneys,” but her “diligent[]” efforts to find counsel were met “without success,” id. at

259–60, must be evaluated in this particular factual context.

       In response to Corrado’s letter, the district court dismissed the case with prejudice pursuant

to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(a)(2). In the court order, the district court provided the

relevant context, explaining that “since discharging her previous attorney, [Corrado] has not been

able to retain new counsel” and “refuses to prosecute her case pro se.” Id. at 31. The district

court continued, “[Corrado] may only dismiss her case under Rule 41(a)(2), which requires an

order of this Court, ‘on terms that the court considers just and proper.’” Id. at 31–32 (citing Fed.

R. Civ. P. 41(a)(2)). “Upon review of the record,” the district court dismissed the action with

prejudice. Id. at 32. Based on our review of Corrado’s letter and the record, we find no error in

the district court’s dismissal with prejudice. The dismissal was a matter well within the district

court’s discretion in light of the text of Corrado’s April 2016 letter and the full record, including

Corrado’s persistence below in refusing to proceed pro se and the fact that the case had been


                                                 4
pending for four years.1

       Because, in context and under this action’s particular circumstances, the district court did

not abuse its discretion in dismissing the entire action with prejudice, we need not review any prior

orders in the action. In any event, we have considered Corrado’s remaining arguments and find

them to be without merit.2 Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court.

                                              FOR THE COURT:
                                              Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk




1
  The fact that Corrado is an attorney, and the unequivocal nature of her request to dismiss the
action, distinguish Smith v. Artus, 522 F. App’x 82 (2d Cir. 2013) (summary order), on which
Corrado relies, which held that a district court confronted with an ambiguous request for
discontinuance from a non-lawyer pro se plaintiff should have taken steps to clarify the plaintiff’s
desires and be sure that he understood that the dismissal would be with prejudice.
2
  Among the additional unavailing arguments raised by Corrado is a challenge to the district
court’s dismissal of several of her claims as time-barred. That contention fails for substantially
the reasons stated by the district court in its thorough and well-reasoned February 17, 2016
opinion.
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