                                                                    [DO NOT PUBLISH]


               IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                         FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT            FILED
                           ________________________ U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                    ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                                  No. 07-13715                        MARCH 17, 2009
                            ________________________                 THOMAS K. KAHN
                                                                         CLERK
                      D.C. Docket Nos. 06-81032-CV-DTKH,
                              03-80093-CR-DTKH

AMAURY SALAZAR,



                                                                    Petitioner–Appellant,

                                         versus

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                                  Respondent–Appellee.


                            ________________________

                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                        for the Southern District of Florida
                          _________________________

                                   (March 17, 2009)

Before BARKETT and FAY, Circuit Judges, and TRAGER,* District Judge.


     *
      Honorable David G. Trager, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of New
     York, sitting by designation.
PER CURIAM:

      Amaury Salazar appeals the district court’s denial of his motion pursuant to

28 U.S.C. § 2255 to vacate his sentence — 360 months of imprisonment and 10

years of supervised release — for intentionally possessing with the intent to

distribute at least 50 grams of crack cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)

and (b)(1)(A). In his motion, Salazar argued, in relevant part, that his trial counsel

rendered ineffective assistance of counsel by failing to call two critical defense

witnesses at trial. On appeal, Salazar argues that the district court erred in failing

to hold an evidentiary hearing on his claim that his lawyer was ineffective for

failing to call these witnesses because his § 2255 motion and supporting

documents stated facts which, if true, would have entitled him to relief. He asserts

that his pro se allegations raised a factual dispute regarding his lawyer’s

ineffectiveness that could not be resolved conclusively on the record before the

district court, and that warranted an evidentiary hearing. We agree.

                                 I. Standard of Review

      We review the denial of an evidentiary hearing in a § 2255 proceeding for

abuse of discretion. Aron v. United States, 291 F.3d 708, 714 n.5 (11th Cir. 2002).

An evidentiary hearing must be held on a motion to vacate “[u]nless the motion

and the files and records of the case conclusively show that the prisoner is entitled



                                            2
to no relief.” 28 U.S.C. § 2255(b). No evidentiary hearing is necessary, however,

“if it can be conclusively determined from the record that the petitioner was not

denied effective assistance of counsel.” Diaz v. United States, 930 F.2d 832, 834

(11th Cir. 1991) (quotation omitted). A hearing is not required when the

petitioner’s allegations are affirmatively contradicted by the record. United States

v. Guerra, 588 F.2d 519, 521 (5th Cir. 1979).

       In a § 2255 proceeding, we review a district court’s legal conclusions de

novo and its factual findings for clear error. Lynn v. United States, 365 F.3d 1225,

1232 (11th Cir. 2004). We review de novo claims of ineffective assistance of

counsel. Caderno v. United States, 256 F.3d 1213, 1216–17 (11th Cir. 2001). To

make a successful claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a petitioner must

show that (1) his counsel’s performance was deficient and (2) the deficient

performance prejudiced his defense. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687,

697 (1984). Prejudice is a “reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s

unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.” Id.

at 694. “A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine

confidence in the outcome.” Id. “It is not enough for the defendant to show that

the errors had some conceivable effect on the outcome of the proceeding.” Id. at

693.



                                          3
                                II. Facts and Discussion

         In 2003 the Lake Worth Police Department received word from a

confidential informant, Hairo Roman, that a Cuban male was selling large

quantities of crack cocaine in the Lake Worth area. The sergeant in charge of the

investigation, Randolph Collier, solicited the help of a fellow officer, Oscar

Cardenas, in arranging a buy through Roman. At the request of the police, Roman

made a call to the alleged drug seller and arranged a meeting between Officer

Cardenas (described by Roman to the drug seller simply as a “Columbian friend”

who was interested in purchasing crack cocaine) and the drug seller for later that

evening at a local bar. Officer Cardenas, accompanied by Roman, proceeded to the

bar and waited for the drug seller to arrive. Salazar arrived approximately 90

minutes later in a jeep, accompanied by two passengers, Amanda Harlan and Cesar

Olive.

         The subsequent facts were disputed at trial. Both parties agreed that Salazar

exited and proceeded to the back of the jeep. Officer Cardenas, however, testified

that when he approached Salazar at the back of the jeep, Salazar produced a white

bag that contained crack cocaine. Officer Cardenas said that he never assumed

control of the bag, and told Salazar to hold it while he gathered the buy money.

Officer Cardenas then gave the signal for the surveillance units to arrest Salazar.



                                            4
Salazar, on the other hand, denies ever having any cocaine, and contends that

Harlan and Olive could have corroborated this fact.

       After the arrest Salazar was taken to the police department. Sergeant Collier

testified at trial that at this point Salazar admitted to possessing crack cocaine.

Salazar also denies ever making this admission. There was no videotape of either

the drug transaction, or the confession,1 nor was any written confession ever

produced. The only other testimony was that of Officer Long, who said that

Salazar gave the bag at issue to Officer Cardenas.

       At trial Salazar’s lawyer raised a number of arguments highlighting the

weaknesses of the government’s case: (1) the phone calls allegedly made by

Roman to Salazar were not recorded; (2) Sergeant Collier stated that he saw

Salazar give the white bag to Officer Cardenas, yet Officer Cardenas testified that

Salazar never gave him the bag; (3) it was not credible for the police to take

Salazar to the police department to make a statement and then not record it,

videotape it, or have written evidence of it. However, no defense witnesses were

presented. The jury found Salazar guilty.

       In his § 2255 motion, Salazar argued, in relevant part, that his lawyer was


       1
          There was, however, an audiotape recorded at the drug transaction, but it was in
Spanish, and was not translated at trial other than through the testimony of Officer Cardenas,
which Salazar claims was false. Moreover, the audiotape was of such poor quality that it failed
to definitively prove Salazar’s guilt.

                                                5
ineffective for failing to call his two companions in the jeep on the night of the

arrest, Harlan and Olive, as defense witnesses at trial. He argued that they were

present at the scene and would have been able to corroborate his claim that he

never possessed any crack cocaine and that the district court erred in failing to hold

an evidentiary hearing on this claim. We agree.

      If Salazar’s allegations are true, the testimony of Harlan and Olive would

have directly contradicted the testimony of the arresting officers. Salazar argues

that his allegations showed that the failure to call these witnesses prejudiced him in

that it deprived him of a trial whose result was reliable. See Workman v. Tate, 957

F.2d 1339, 1345 (6th Cir. 1992) (finding counsel negligent in failing to interview

“promising witnesses”). If the testimony of Harlan and Olive had been heard and

credited over that of the police officers, he could have been cleared of all charges

against him as only the testimony of the officers connected him to the bag of crack

cocaine.

      Under the totality of the circumstances we find that Salazar’s allegations are

not affirmatively contradicted by the record, and find Salazar to be entitled to an

evidentiary hearing to determine both whether his allegations are true in the first

instance, and whether counsel’s failure to call these witnesses constituted




                                           6
ineffective assistance of counsel.2

Accordingly, we REVERSE the order denying relief and REMAND for an

evidentiary hearing on Salazar’s claims.




       2
          Without any statement from Salazar’s lawyer, it is impossible to say whether the
decision not to present any defense witnesses was strategic, or deficient. Nor did the government
request that the court order defense counsel to file an affidavit setting forth the reasons for not
calling those witnesses.

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