[Cite as Smith v. Summerville, 2017-Ohio-8919.]
                           STATE OF OHIO, MAHONING COUNTY

                                 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                                       SEVENTH DISTRICT


WILLIAM R. SMITH III,                             )   CASE NO. 17 MA 0015
                                                  )
        PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT,                      )
                                                  )
VS.                                               )   OPINION
                                                  )
STEVE SUMMERVILLE et al.                          )
                                                  )
        DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES.                     )

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS:                             Civil Appeal from the Court of Common
                                                      Pleas of Mahoning County, Ohio.
                                                      Case No. 13 CV 1595

JUDGMENT:                                             Affirmed.

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellant:                              Atty. Cherie H. Howard
                                                      P.O. Box 357
                                                      Youngstown, Ohio 44501

For Defendants-Appellees:                             Atty. James S. Gentile
                                                      The Liberty Building
                                                      42 N. Phelps St.
                                                      Youngstown, Ohio 44503


JUDGES:

Hon. Carol Ann Robb
Hon. Cheryl L. Waite
Hon. Mary DeGenaro


                                                      Dated: November 30, 2017
[Cite as Smith v. Summerville, 2017-Ohio-8919.]
ROBB, P.J.


        {¶1}    Plaintiff-Appellant William R. Smith, III appeals the decision of
Mahoning County Common Pleas entering judgment for Defendants-Appellees Steve
and Selina Summerville, individually and doing business as Faith Automotive,
following a bench trial. Two issues are raised in this appeal. The first issue is
whether the trial court erred in granting Appellees’ motion to amend their answer after
it had previously determined the motion was “overruled as moot.” The second issue
is whether the trial court erred in failing to grant summary judgment for Appellant.
For the reasons expressed below, both arguments lack merit.           The trial court’s
decisions are affirmed.
                                    Statement of the Facts
        {¶2}    Appellant was the owner of a 1999 Chevy Silverado K 150 truck. In
either July 2012 or September 2012, Appellant took the truck to Faith Automotive to
get the brakes repaired; Appellant claims he took the truck to Faith Automotive in
September 2012, while Appellees claim it was July 2012. After looking at the vehicle,
Appellee Steve told Appellant it would cost between $500 and $1,000 to repair the
brakes. Appellant told Appellees he did not want the vehicle repaired and would have
it towed. The vehicle was not removed. This resulted in Appellees sending Appellant
two letters, one in August 2012 and one in October 2012, asking him to have the
vehicle removed and informing him of the cost of storage fees, which were $25 per
day. The August 16, 2012 letter indicated the storage fees, as of that date, totaled
$875. The October 2, 2012 letter indicated the storage fees, as of that date, totaled
$2,025. The vehicle was not removed, and in November 2012 Appellee applied for a
salvage certificate of title. Appellees received $900 from 422 Auto Wrecking for the
vehicle.
                                    Statement of the Case
        {¶3}    As a result of the above, Appellant filed a complaint against Appellees
alleging violation of the consumer sales practices act and conversion.         6/12/13
Complaint. As to the consumer sales practices claim, Appellant asserted Appellees
did not give a written estimate, there was no sign informing him of his right to a
                                                                                   -2-

written estimate, he was not advised that if he did not authorize completion of the
repairs there would be a storage fee, and the estimate for the repairs was
substantially in excess of similar services. 6/12/13 Complaint. The conversion claim
was dependent on the fact that Appellees refused to return the vehicle until the
storage fees were paid. 6/12/13 Complaint.
        {¶4}   This complaint, however, did not properly name Appellees; Appellant
named Appellees “Steve Faith, doing business as Faith Automotive” and “Selina
Faith, doing business as Faith Automotive.” 6/12/13 Complaint. Appellees filed an
answer asserting that they were improperly served and asked for the complaint to be
dismissed. 7/11/13 Answer.
        {¶5}   After obtaining leave, Appellant filed an amended complaint and
correctly named Appellees.       7/15/13 Motion for Leave; 7/16/13 J.E.; 7/16/13
Amended Complaint. The only substantive change to the complaint was correctly
naming the parties. This amended complaint was served on Appellees by regular
mail.
        {¶6}   In November 2013, Appellant moved for a default judgment because
Appellees had not answered the amended complaint. 11/13/13 Motion. Appellees
responded claiming no amended answer was due because the amended complaint
was not properly served on Appellees. They asserted the trial court had not obtained
personal jurisdiction over them, and thus, default judgment was not warranted. They
asserted the filing of a motion for default judgment was a violation of Civ.R. 11 and
asked for attorney fees and sanctions.
        {¶7}   The magistrate held a hearing on the matter. It found the amended
complaint was required to be served by certified mail and thus, the court did not have
personal jurisdiction over Appellees. It overruled the motion for default judgment,
and the motion for sanctions and attorney fees. 1/15/14 Decision.
        {¶8}   Appellant and Appellees filed objections to the magistrate’s decision.
The trial court upheld the magistrate’s decision to overrule the motion for default
judgment. However, it reversed the magistrate’s decision on sanctions and attorney
                                                                                      -3-

fees finding they were warranted. The trial court directed the magistrate to hold a
hearing on the amount of sanctions and attorney fees. 4/8/14 J.E.
       {¶9}   Prior to the hearing, Appellant appealed the decision. We dismissed
the appeal for a lack of a final appealable order. 14 MA 0038 5/16/14 J.E.
       {¶10} The hearing on the sanctions and fees was set for July 23, 2014. A
week prior to that hearing, Appellees filed a motion to dismiss the action for failing to
perfect service within one year of the filing of the complaint.      7/17/14 Motion to
Dismiss. Appellant filed a response claiming he was not required to serve the
amended complaint by certified mail. Appellant asked the court to reconsider its
ruling on the motion for default judgment. 7/23/14 Response to Motion to Dismiss.
The evidentiary hearing addressed the sanctions, fees, and the motion to dismiss.
       {¶11} Following the hearing, Appellant filed a motion asking for a finding that
the allegations set forth in paragraphs 15-28 of the complaint were admitted by
operation of law. 7/30/14 Motion. Appellant claimed the answer failed to deny the
allegations in paragraphs 15-28, and thus, it should be deemed Appellees admitted
those allegations. 7/30/14 Motion. Those paragraphs alleged Appellant was orally
told it would cost $1,000 to fix the truck, he was not given a written estimate, there
were no signs about storage fees, and Appellant went to and called Faith Automotive
numerous times but there was no one there and no one answered the phone. 6/12/13
Complaint. He admitted he received the October 2, 2012 letter telling him of the
accumulated storage fees. 6/12/13 Complaint and 7/16/13 Amended Complaint.
       {¶12} Appellees then filed a Motion to Amend its Answer. 8/21/14 Motion.
This motion was an alternative to the motion to dismiss. Appellees asked for leave to
amend the answer if the court did not dismiss the complaint. The amended answer
was attached to the motion and included a denial of the facts in paragraphs 15-28 of
the complaint.   8/21/14 Motion to Amend Answer.          The original answer did not
reference paragraphs 15-28 of the complaint.
       {¶13} In response, Appellant filed a motion to strike the motion to amend the
answer and a memorandum in opposition to the motion to amend the answer. 9/8/14
and 9/10/14 Motions.
                                                                                      -4-

       {¶14} In October 2014, the magistrate dismissed the complaint with prejudice
finding the complaint was not properly served on Appellees.          It also determined
Appellees were entitled to $962.50 in attorney fees.        The magistrate stated the
motion for a finding that the allegations were admitted, the motion to amend the
answer, and the motion to strike and memorandum in opposition to the motion to
amend answer were “overruled as moot.” 10/22/14 Magistrate Decision.
       {¶15} After reviewing Appellant’s objections and Appellees’ response to the
objection, the trial court adopted the magistrate’s decision in all respects. 1/9/15 J.E.
       {¶16} Appellant appealed the trial court’s decision raising four issues. Smith
v. Summerville, 7th Dist. No. 15 MA 10, 2015-Ohio-4153. He asserted the trial court
erred in dismissing the lawsuit with prejudice, denying his motion for default
judgment, finding sanctions and attorney fees were warranted, and awarding
unreasonable and excessive attorney fees. Id. We held the court erred in dismissing
the lawsuit and accordingly, reversed the decision and remanded the matter to the
trial court for further proceedings. Id. at ¶ 22-30. As to the denying of the motion for
default judgment, we affirmed the trial court’s ruling. Id. at ¶ 31-36. Those two
decisions resolved the third issue; attorney fees and sanctions were not warranted
because Appellees were properly served and there was a basis for filing the motion
for default judgment. Id. at ¶ 37-39. Accordingly, we reversed the award of attorney
fees and sanctions. Id. That decision rendered the argument that attorney fees were
unreasonable and excessive moot. Id. at ¶ 40.
       {¶17} Following our decision, Appellant filed a motion for summary judgment.
1/13/16 Motion for Summary Judgment. Appellant asserted a consumer transaction
occurred, Appellant was not given a written estimate, and there was no conspicuous
sign indicating storage fees. He claimed the answer did not make any reference to
paragraphs 15-28, and thus, Appellees admitted the allegations in those paragraphs.
1/13/16 Summary Judgment Motion.          As stated above those paragraphs alleged
Appellant was orally told it would cost $1,000 to fix the truck, he was not given a
written estimate, there were no signs about storage fees, and Appellant called and
                                                                                     -5-

went to Faith Automotive numerous times but no one answered the phone and there
was no one at the business. 6/12/13 Complaint and 7/16/13 Amended Complaint.
       {¶18} Approximately one week later the magistrate held a status hearing and
issued a status hearing order. 1/21/16 J.E. Discovery was reopened, mediation was
scheduled, Appellees were given a deadline for its summary judgment motion and
opposition to summary judgment motion, and a final pre-trial was scheduled. 1/21/16
J.E.
       {¶19} Appellees timely filed an opposition to summary judgment and their own
motion for summary judgment. They asserted there was no consumer transaction
because when Appellant was given the oral estimate he refused to have repairs
performed on the vehicle. Thus, no written estimate was required. Furthermore,
Appellees claimed there was a conspicuous sign regarding storage fees in the office,
and in his deposition Appellant admitted he was in the office. 4/15/16 Motion in
Opposition and Summary Judgment Motion. Appellant’s deposition testimony and
admitted exhibits and Appellee Steve’s affidavit were used to support the motions.
       {¶20} Appellant filed a reply and argued the allegations not addressed in the
answer were deemed admitted by operation of law. 4/28/16 Reply.
       {¶21} In reviewing the summary judgment motions, the magistrate determined
that in light of our appellate decision three procedural motions had to be revisited.
6/10/16 J.E. Those were the motion for a finding that the allegations were admitted,
the motion to amend the answer, and the motion to strike the motion to amend and
the opposition to the motion to amend. 6/10/16 J.E. The magistrate stated those
motions were overruled as moot, however, the appellate court decision rendered
those motions no longer moot and they remained unresolved. 6/10/16 J.E. Thus, the
magistrate sua sponte revisited those motions indicating it was a clerical oversight
that they remained unresolved. 6/10/16 J.E. The magistrate then granted the motion
to amend. 6/10/16 J.E. The motion for a finding that the allegations were admitted
and the motion to strike were overruled. 6/10/16 J.E.
                                                                                     -6-

      {¶22} Appellant moved to set aside that decision and Appellee filed a
response to that motion. 6/14/16 Motion to Set Aside; 7/15/16 Response. The trial
court overruled the Motion to Set Aside. 8/4/16 J.E.
      {¶23} The magistrate then denied the parties’ motions for summary judgment
finding there were genuine issues of fact precluding summary judgment, such as
whether a consumer transaction occurred and whether there were conspicuous signs
about storage fees. 8/22/16 Magistrate Order. All parties objected to the decision.
9/9/16 Appellees’ Objections; 9/12/16 Appellant’s Objections.          The trial court
overruled the objections and adopted the magistrate’s decision. 9/15/16 J.E.
      {¶24} Following a bench trial, the magistrate entered judgment in favor of
Appellees. 12/5/16 Magistrate Decision.        Appellant objected and renewed his
objection as to the overruling of his motion for summary judgment.             12/19/16
Objections. Following Appellee’s response to the objections, the trial court adopted
the magistrate’s decision. 12/29/16 Response; 1/20/17 J.E.
      {¶25} Appellant timely appeals raising two assignments of error.
                           First Assignment of Error
      “The trial court erred in vacating its January 9, 2015 judgment entry sua
sponte.”
      {¶26} Appellant argues the trial court abused its discretion in adopting the
magistrate’s decision to sua sponte vacate the January 9, 2015 judgment based on
an alleged clerical error pursuant to Civ.R. 60(A). Appellant contends the January 9,
2015 order overruled Appellees’ motion to file an amended answer. He asserts there
is no clerical error in the judgment and judgment was not void.
      {¶27} Appellant’s argument is premised on the positon that the motion to
amend the answer was overruled. However, that is not an accurate statement of how
the trial court disposed of the motion. In the January 9, 2015 judgment entry, the trial
court granted Appellees’ motion to dismiss the complaint because service of the
amended complaint that correctly named Appellees was not properly served on the
Appellees within one year. On the basis of that decision, the trial court overruled the
motion to amend, along with other motions, as moot:
                                                                                      -7-

       In light of the fact that the Magistrate has sustained the Motion to
       Dismiss filed on behalf of Defendants herein, the Plaintiff’s Amended
       Motion for Finding that Allegations Set Forth in Paragraphs 15-28 of
       Plaintiff’s Complaint are Admitted by Operation of Law, Defendants’
       Motion to Amend Answer and Plaintiff’s Motion to Strike Motion to
       Amend Answer are overruled as moot.

1/9/15 J.E.
       {¶28} Our court reversed the trial court’s decision dismissing the complaint
and remanded the case for further proceedings.          Smith, 2015-Ohio-4153.       Our
decision rendered the motions no longer moot. The magistrate indicated as such in
its decision:

       However, since the Appellate Court reversed the trial Court’s dismissal
       of the Amended Complaint thus reinstating the same and remanding
       the matter for further proceedings, the foregoing procedural motions are
       no longer moot but remain unresolved. Although counsel for the parties
       have not requested that the Magistrate revisit these motions, it would
       be imprudent for the Magistrate to permit what amounts to clerical
       oversight in the record to remain unresolved.

6/10/16 J.E.
       {¶29} The Magistrate’s characterization of the effect of our decision is correct.
Admittedly, we did not state in the opinion the issues were no longer moot and the
trial court could render a decision on them. However, such a statement was not
needed. Our action changed the trial court’s judgment in a substantive way. Moot
issues became justiciable. The trial court, sua sponte, had the authority to rule on
the procedural issues that were no longer moot because of our decision on the
substantive issue.
       {¶30} There is a rule called the appellate mandate rule. This rule pertains to
“the relationship between appellate and inferior courts, [and] is a jurisdictional bar on
the inferior court's authority to reconsider issues that were expressly or impliedly
                                                                                     -8-

decided in a previous appeal.”          Fritzgerald v. City of Cleveland Civ. Serv.
Commission, 8th Dist. No. 104492, 2017-Ohio-7086, ¶ 24, citing Phillips v. Houk, 587
Fed.App. 868, 871 (6th Cir.2014). The Eighth Appellate District further explained:

       An appellate mandate works in two ways: it vests the lower court on
       remand with jurisdiction and it gives the lower court on remand the
       authority to render judgment consistent with the appellate court's
       judgment.    Under the “mandate rule,” a lower court must “carry the
       mandate of the upper court into execution and not consider the
       questions which the mandate laid to rest.” Sprague v. Ticonic Natl.
       Bank (1939), 307 U.S. 161, 168, 59 S.Ct. 777; see, also, State ex rel.
       Cordray v. Marshall, 123 Ohio St.3d 229, 2009–Ohio–4986, 915 N.E.2d
       633, at ¶ 32 * * *. The lower court may, however, rule on issues left
       open by the mandate. Id. But when the mandate leaves nothing left to
       decide, the lower court is bound to execute it. Id.

State v. Carlisle, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 93266, 2010–Ohio–3407, ¶ 16.
       {¶31} There is no claim in this case that the trial court violated the mandate
rule. However, the premise of the rule does indicate trial courts are permitted to rule
on issues unresolved by our decision. Here, our decision made procedural motions
that were moot, no longer moot. Thus, the trial court had the authority to rule on
those issues even though it had previously determined those issues to be moot. Our
ruling made the issues no longer moot and our remand for further proceedings gave
the trial court authority to rule on unresolved issues.
       {¶32} Appellant does cite this court to numerous cases where the trial court
used Civ.R 60 to vacate a prior order and the appellate court determined such action
was not permitted. Those cases are distinguishable from the matter at hand. Civ.R.
60 is used to vacate final judgments. Parker v. Allstate Property & Cas. Ins. Co., 7th
Dist. No. 12 BE 2, 2012-Ohio-6278, ¶ 32 (“Civ.R. 60(A) only permits a trial court to
sua sponte change a prior final order, ‘for corrections of clerical errors that do not
make substantive changes in a judgment.’”). Generally, the decision to grant or deny
                                                                                     -9-

a motion to amend an answer is not a final judgment. Supportive Sols., L.L.C. v.
Electronic Classroom of Tomorrow, 137 Ohio St.3d 23, 2013-Ohio-2410, 997 N.E.2d
490, ¶ 10. The trial court’s decision to overrule the motion as moot did become final
when the trial court granted the motion to dismiss. However, as stated above, our
decision reversed the trial court’s dismissal ruling and remanded the case for further
proceedings. Accordingly, the decision to overrule the motion as moot was no longer
final, and the trial court was permitted to reconsider that decision sua sponte. See
First Place Bank v. Blythe, 7th Dist. No. 12 CO 27, 2013-Ohio-2550, ¶ 18 (Trial
court’s denial of a motion for summary judgment is a nonfinal order and can be
reconsidered by the trial court sua sponte at any time.). Thus, even though the
stated basis for ruling on the motion to amend the answer was Civ.R. 60(A) to correct
a clerical mistake, the trial court did not need to invoke Civ.R. 60 to rule on those no
longer moot issues which were nonfinal orders. Furthermore, the cases cited by
Appellant are factually distinguishable. None of those cases dealt with a situation like
the one before us where an appellate court’s reversal rendered procedural issues
overruled as moot justiciable upon remand.
      {¶33} For those reasons, this assignment of error lacks merit.
                           Second Assignment of Error
      “The trial court erred in denying Plaintiff-Appellant’s Motion for Summary
Judgment.”
      {¶34} The argument raised in this assignment of error is premised on finding
merit with the first assignment of error. Appellant argues the trial court’s decision to
allow the amended answer after overruling the motion must be reversed and when
that decision is reversed then summary judgment must be granted in Appellant’s
favor; without the amended answer Appellees admitted by operation of law material
facts favorable to Appellant.   If those facts are admitted, Appellant is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law.
      {¶35} The first assignment of error does not have merit.               Therefore,
Appellant’s second argument fails. This assignment of error is overruled.
                                                                              -10-

                                Conclusion
      {¶36} Both assignments of error are meritless. The trial court’s decision is
affirmed.



Waite, J., concurs.

DeGenaro, J., concurs.
