                                                                          F I L E D
                                                                   United States Court of Appeals
                                                                           Tenth Circuit
                   UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                             July 28, 2005
                                TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                       PATRICK FISHER
                                                                                Clerk

 CEDRIC ALSTON,

              Petitioner-Appellant,                      No. 04-1400
       v.                                             District of Colorado
 AL ESTEP, Warden, L.C.F., and THE                  (D.C. No. 04-ES-1563)
 ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE
 STATE OF COLORADO,

              Respondents-Appellees.


                                      ORDER


Before SEYMOUR, HARTZ, and McCONNELL, Circuit Judges.


      Mr. Alston, a state prisoner proceeding pro se, seeks a certificate of

appealability (COA) permitting him to appeal the denial of his petition for a writ

of habeas corpus, filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. The application is

DENIED.

      Mr. Alston alleges that he was convicted of theft, a class-four felony,

following a jury trial in the Denver District Court. In exchange for a plea of

guilty to attempted theft, a class-five felony, and three habitual criminal counts,

Mr. Alston’s conviction was vacated. Mr. Alston now complains that he was

thereby denied the opportunity to have a jury determine whether he had been
found guilty of three prior felonies for the purposes of enhancing his sentence

under Colorado’s habitual criminal statute, Colo. Rev. Stat. § 16-13-101, repealed

and recodified at Colo. Rev. Stat. § 18-1.3-801, and that the Supreme Court’s

recent decisions recognize a constitutional right to a jury determination of prior

convictions. Mr. Alston also maintains that his lawyer’s failure to inform him of

this supposed right constitutes ineffective assistance of counsel.

      Mr. Alston’s application for a COA was filed after the effective date of the

Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA), so the

provisions of AEDPA govern his appeal. See United States v. Kennedy, 225 F.3d

1187, 1193 (10th Cir. 2000). In order to obtain a COA, an applicant must make

“a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” 28 U.S.C. §

2253(c)(2). An applicant may make this showing by demonstrating that

“reasonable jurists could debate whether (or, for that matter, agree that) the

petition should have been resolved in a different manner or that the issues

presented were adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed further.” Slack v.

McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000) (internal citation and quotation marks

omitted).

      Mr. Alston’s claim is foreclosed, rather than recognized, by recent Supreme

Court precedent. “Any fact (other than a prior conviction) which is necessary to

support a sentence exceeding the maximum authorized by the facts established by


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a plea of guilty or a jury verdict must be admitted by the defendant or proved to a

jury beyond a reasonable doubt.” United States v. Booker, 125 S. Ct. 738, 756

(2005). This court has already considered and rejected the argument that Booker

requires the fact of a prior conviction to be proved to a jury beyond a reasonable

doubt before it may be used to enhance a sentence under statutes authorizing

longer sentences for recidivists. United States v. Moore, 401 F.3d 1220, 1223

(10th Cir. 2005). The principle that prior convictions are exempted from the rule

that facts enhancing a sentence beyond the statutory maximum must be admitted

by the defendant or proved to a jury “remains as valid after Booker as it was

before. In previous criminal proceedings, a defendant received sufficient

procedural protections to alleviate any Sixth Amendment concerns about using

convictions stemming from those proceedings for sentencing.” Id.

      Mr. Alston’s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel depends on the

validity of his claim to a right to prove his prior convictions to a jury. Since Mr.

Alston has no right to have the state prove his prior convictions to a jury, he has

no claim for ineffective assistance of counsel.

      The district court denied Mr. Alston’s motion to proceed on appeal without

prepayment of costs, finding that he had failed to show the existence of a

reasoned, nonfrivolous argument. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(3). We review that

denial for an abuse of discretion. Denton v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 33 (1992).


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An argument is frivolous if “it lacks an arguable basis in either law or fact.”

Thompson v. Gibson, 289 F.3d 1218, 1222 (10th Cir. 2002). Given that Mr.

Alston’s sole argument is directly contradicted by the very precedents he cites, we

cannot find the district court abused its discretion in denying Mr. Alston’s motion

to proceed without prepayment of costs.

      Petitioner’s requests for a COA and to proceed without prepayment of costs

are therefore DENIED, and the petition is DISMISSED.

                                                    Entered for the Court,

                                                    Michael W. McConnell
                                                    Circuit Judge




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