                             STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
                           SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

                                                                                   FILED
In re H.T.                                                                   September 13, 2019
                                                                                EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
                                                                                SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
No. 19-0302 (Taylor County 18-JA-31)                                                OF WEST VIRGINIA




                               MEMORANDUM DECISION



        Petitioner Mother K.B., by counsel Katica Ribel, appeals the Circuit Court of Taylor
County’s January 24, 2019, order terminating her parental rights to H.T.1 The West Virginia
Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel Lee Niezgoda, filed a
response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem (“guardian”), Allison C.
Iapalucci, filed a response on behalf of the child in support of the circuit court’s order. On appeal,
petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in terminating her post-adjudicatory improvement
period.2

       This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record

       1
         Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W. Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W. Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013);
State v. Brandon B., 218 W. Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183 W.
Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990).
       2
         Petitioner also argues the circuit court erred in denying her a post-dispositional
improvement period. However, in contravention of our Rules of Appellate Procedure, petitioner
does not cite to the record to show where she requested such an improvement period. Specifically,
Rule 10(c)(7) of the West Virginia Rules of Appellate Procedure requires that “[t]he argument
must contain appropriate and specific citations to the record on appeal, including citations that
pinpoint when and how the issues in the assignments of error were presented to the lower tribunal.”
“‘Our general rule is that nonjurisdictional questions . . . raised for the first time on appeal, will
not be considered.’ Shaffer v. Acme Limestone Co., Inc., 206 W.Va. 333, 349 n. 20, 524 S.E.2d
688, 704 n. 20 (1999).” Noble v. W. Va. Dep’t of Motor Vehicles, 223 W. Va. 818, 821, 679 S.E.2d
650, 653 (2009). As petitioner has failed to provide any citation to the record to establish that she
requested a post-dispositional improvement period, we will not consider this assignment of error.
Petitioner assigns no additional error to the termination of her parental rights.


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presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these reasons,
a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.

        In March of 2018, the DHHR filed a child abuse and neglect petition alleging that petitioner
could not provide for the basic needs of newborn H.T. and did not have a safe or stable living
environment for the child. The DHHR alleged that petitioner’s inability to care for the child
potentially stemmed from mental illness. Further, the DHHR alleged that petitioner was unable to
feed the child during observation in the hospital and wanted the child returned to the hospital
nursery because “she couldn’t handle it with everything going on.” Upon return to the nursery,
hospital staff estimated the child had not eaten in six hours. The DHHR further alleged that
petitioner indicated that she intended to travel with the child to Oklahoma in order to visit family.
The DHHR attempted to initiate a protection plan that required petitioner to remain in West
Virginia to assess her ability to properly care for the child. However, according to the DHHR,
petitioner continued to plan to travel to Oklahoma and the DHHR initiated an emergency removal
of the child from petitioner’s custody. Later, petitioner waived her preliminary hearing.

        The circuit court held two adjudicatory hearings in March of 2018 and April of 2018. The
evidence showed that petitioner and the father were living in a “fifth wheel” camper, which used
a generator for electricity and heat but lacked running water or a safe place for the child to sleep.
Petitioner’s inability to care for the child was supported by testimony from the father and a DHHR
worker, who both observed petitioner’s inability to feed the child while at the hospital despite
prompting and directions provided by hospital staff. Additionally, the father expressed concern
regarding petitioner forgetting to take her medication and believed that it was a serious problem.
The father testified that petitioner attempted suicide while pregnant and was hospitalized as a
result. Petitioner admitted that she attempted suicide but explained that her medications were
adjusted and she was released from the hospital after a week. Petitioner asserted that she could
care for the child without any additional assistance and did not need services.

        Ultimately, the circuit court found that petitioner suffered from long-term mental health
issues and administered improper care to the child despite instruction by hospital staff.
Accordingly, the circuit court adjudicated petitioner as an abusing parent and the child as an abused
and neglected child. Subsequently, petitioner was granted a post-adjudicatory improvement
period, and the circuit court ordered that she participate in a mental health examination and parental
fitness evaluation as terms of that improvement period.

        In August of 2018, the circuit court held a hearing on the guardian’s motion to terminate
petitioner’s improvement period. The circuit court heard evidence that petitioner was
noncompliant with services and failed to report to scheduled evaluations. Additionally, evidence
showed that petitioner continued to insist that the allegations and testimony regarding her care of
the child were false. Evidence was introduced that petitioner failed to follow directives during
supervised visitations and, in one instance, caused the child to become ill after placing “four []
heaping spoonfuls of cereal into the [infant’s] formula . . . and feeding the mix to him.” Based on
this evidence, the circuit court terminated petitioner’s post-adjudicatory improvement period.




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        The circuit court held two dispositional hearings in December of 2018 and January of 2019.
Petitioner did not appear for either hearing, but was represented by counsel. Petitioner’s counsel
explained that she moved to Oklahoma for financial reasons in October of 2018. The DHHR noted
that petitioner had not participated in the case for “a few months,” but did call the DHHR case
worker to inquire about the child. The DHHR worker testified that petitioner failed to “achieve
many of the goals of her case plan” in that she had not met her own mental health needs, completed
parenting and adult life skills classes, or obtained suitable housing. Further, the worker opined that
petitioner moved to Oklahoma to reside with a woman who concealed petitioner’s sister’s child
from the West Virginia DHHR. Petitioner’s visitation supervisor testified that petitioner exhibited
some appropriate behaviors during visitation, but had also improperly fed the child causing illness
on two occasions, failed to prepare a diaper bag, and fell asleep during visitation. The visitation
supervisor opined that petitioner would need twenty-four hour supervision to ensure that the child
was not in danger.

        Ultimately, the circuit court found that there was no reasonable likelihood that the
conditions of abuse and neglect could be substantially corrected in the near future due to her
noncompliance with services. Additionally, the circuit court found that termination was necessary
for the welfare of the child because petitioner could not adequately care for the child. Accordingly,
the circuit court terminated petitioner’s parental rights by its January 24, 2019, order. Petitioner
now appeals that order.3

       The Court has previously established the following standard of review:

               “Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
       novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
       facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
       evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether such
       child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a reviewing
       court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there
       is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left
       with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed. However,
       a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply because it would have decided
       the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if the circuit court’s account of the
       evidence is plausible in light of the record viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In
       Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223, 470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).

Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W. Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011). Upon our review, this Court finds
no error in the proceedings below.

       On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in terminating her post-adjudicatory
improvement period. In petitioner’s limited legal analysis, she asserts that the circuit court must
consider her compliance with her improvement period prior to revocation. Petitioner further takes


       3
       The father voluntarily relinquished his parental rights during the proceedings below.
According to the parties, the permanency plan for the child is adoption in his current placement.


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issue with the circuit court’s denial of supervised visitations following the revocation of her
improvement period. Upon review, we find petitioner is entitled to no relief.

         West Virginia Code § 49-4-610(7) provides that “[u]pon the motion by any party, the court
shall terminate any improvement period granted pursuant to this section when the court finds that
[the parent] has failed to fully participate in the terms of the improvement period.” Further, it is
within “the court’s discretion to terminate the improvement period before the . . . time frame has
expired if the court is not satisfied that the [parent] is making the necessary progress.” Syl. Pt. 6,
in part, In re Katie S., 198 W. Va. 79, 479 S.E.2d 589 (1996). Petitioner is correct that the circuit
court must consider her compliance prior to terminating her improvement period; however,
petitioner was not complying with services for the four months of her improvement period. The
circuit court found that petitioner missed multiple appointments for her evaluations; failed to
follow directives during supervised visitations; and, most concerning, consistently denied the
allegations contained in the petition. We have previously held that

       [i]n order to remedy the abuse and/or neglect problem, the problem must first be
       acknowledged. Failure to acknowledge the existence of the problem, i.e., the truth
       of the basic allegation pertaining to the alleged abuse and neglect or the perpetrator
       of said abuse and neglect, results in making the problem untreatable and in making
       an improvement period an exercise in futility at the child’s expense.

In re Timber M., 231 W. Va. 44, 55, 743 S.E.2d 352, 363 (2013) (quoting In re: Charity H., 215
W. Va. 208, 217, 599 S.E.2d 631, 640 (2004)). Here, petitioner lacked sufficient insight to remedy
her poor care of the child. This is supported by petitioner’s failure to implement instruction from
the visitation supervisor. Accordingly, petitioner’s improvement period became futile and only
resulted in discomfort and illness for the child. Considering petitioner’s failure to comply with
services and denial of the allegations of which she was adjudicated as an abusing parent, we find
no error in the circuit court’s termination of petitioner’s post-adjudicatory improvement period.
Further, in regard to petitioner’s argument concerning the denial of visitation subsequent to the
revocation of her improvement period, Rule 15 of the West Virginia Rules of Procedure for Child
Abuse and Neglect Proceedings provides that “the court may make such provision for reasonable
visitation . . . consistent with the child’s well-being and best interests.” As petitioner’s conduct
harmed one-year-old H.T. and could not be remedied through proper instruction, we find no error
in the circuit court’s denial of continued visitation and find such denial was in the child’s best
interest.

       For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court, and its
January 24, 2019, order is hereby affirmed.

                                                                                           Affirmed.


ISSUED: September 13, 2019




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CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Tim Armstead
Justice Evan H. Jenkins
Justice John A. Hutchison




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