                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                           FILED
                                                                           FEB 19 2020
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                        MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT


HONGBIN SUN,                                     No.   17-73253

              Petitioner,                        Agency No. A201-050-938

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General,

              Respondent.


                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                            Submitted February 5, 2020**
                                Honolulu, Hawaii

Before: FARRIS, McKEOWN, and BADE, Circuit Judges.

      HongBin Sun, a 43-year-old male and native and citizen of China, arrived in

Los Angeles, CA on October 18, 2010 on a B-2 visa and remains in Hawai’i today.

He applied for asylum, withholding of removal, and CAT protection in early 2011.

An asylum officer interviewed Sun and then referred the matter to an Immigration

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
Judge, who denied Sun’s application on adverse credibility grounds. Sun appealed

the IJ’s asylum finding to the Board of Immigration Appeals, which upheld the IJ’s

determination. We review the agency’s credibility determination for substantial

evidence, Rivera v. Mukasey, 508 F.3d 1271, 1274 (9th Cir. 2007), and we deny

Sun’s petition for review.

      Sun must establish his own credibility to support his petition, either

independently or with the help of corroborating evidence. See 8 U.S.C.

§ 1158(b)(1)(B)(ii). We must deny his petition unless his presentation was “‘so

compelling that no reasonable factfinder could find’ that he was not credible.”

Farah v. Ashcroft, 348 F.3d 1153, 1156 (9th Cir. 2003) (quoting Garrovillas v.

INS, 156 F.3d 1010, 1015–16 (9th Cir. 1998)). We “must uphold the IJ’s adverse

credibility determination so long as even one basis is supported by substantial

evidence.” Rizk v. Holder, 629 F.3d 1083, 1088 (9th Cir. 2011). The court’s review

of an IJ’s credibility finding is “significantly restricted,” and “only the most

extraordinary circumstances will justify overturning” it. Shrestha v. Holder, 590

F.3d 1034, 1041 (9th Cir. 2010) (citations omitted).

      In assessing credibility in this case, the IJ may consider the applicant’s

candor, responsiveness, plausibility, consistency, and any inaccuracies or

falsehoods, “without regard to whether an inconsistency, inaccuracy, or falsehood


                                            2
goes to the heart of the applicant’s claim.” 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii). Even a

single “[m]ajor” and “material” inconsistency may be enough. Rizk, 629 F.3d at

1088; see also Jiang v. Holder, 754 F.3d 733, 738–40 (9th Cir. 2014); Tamang v.

Holder, 598 F.3d 1083, 1093–94 (9th Cir. 2010). But “an utterly trivial

inconsistency” that “under the total circumstances [has] no bearing on the

applicant’s veracity,” such as a typographical error, cannot by itself form a

sufficient basis for an adverse credibility determination. Shrestha, 590 F.3d at

1043–44. “[I]f the trier of fact either does not believe the applicant or does not

know what to believe, the applicant’s failure to corroborate his testimony can be

fatal to his asylum application.” Sidhu v. INS, 220 F.3d 1085, 1090 (9th Cir. 2000).

      Here, the BIA affirmed the IJ’s credibility determination on four

inconsistencies between Sun’s statements to the asylum officer and the IJ. First, the

notes from Sun’s asylum interview were admissible. Under Singh v. Gonzales, 403

F.3d 1081, 1089–90 (9th Cir. 2005), the notes had sufficient indicia of reliability to

be considered by the IJ.1

      Second, at least two out of the four inconsistencies are supported by

substantial evidence. Without ruling on the inconsistencies between Sun’s hearing


      1
        Sun waived his argument that he saw these notes for the first time mid-
hearing and thus had no time to review them by failing to make that argument on
appeal to the BIA. Barron v. Ashcroft, 358 F.3d 674, 677–78 (9th Cir. 2004).
                                           3
testimony and the asylum interview notes regarding Sun’s work history in China

and who the police questioned and how, we hold that the inconsistencies regarding

the time and details of Sun’s arrest and the name of the police station involved

were substantial and properly considered in the IJ’s credibility analysis. None of

Sun’s documentary evidence corroborates either of those two points, and the IJ was

not required to believe his explanations. See Jibril v. Gonzales, 423 F.3d 1129,

1135 (9th Cir. 2005) (“[A]n IJ must be allowed to exercise common sense in

rejecting a petitioner’s testimony.”). As a result, the evidence does not compel a

different finding as to Sun’s credibility.

      Because substantial evidence supports the agency’s denial on adverse

credibility grounds, we need not reach whether substantial evidence supports its

determination regarding past or future persecution.

      PETITION DENIED.




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