                            STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

                          SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS


In re: J.R.                                                                      FILED
                                                                            September 5, 2017
No. 17-0119 (Ohio County 16-CJA-32)                                            RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
                                                                             SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                 OF WEST VIRGINIA


                              MEMORANDUM DECISION
        Petitioner Mother A.R.,1 by counsel Michael B. Baum, appeals the Circuit Court of Ohio
County’s January 12, 2017, order terminating her parental rights to then two-year-old J.R.2 The
West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel Lee
Niezgoda, filed a response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem
(“guardian”), Gerasimos Sklavounakis, filed a response on behalf of J.R. also in support of the
circuit court’s order. On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred (1) in terminating
her improvement period and (2) in terminating her parental rights to J.R.3

        This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

        In March of 2016, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition against petitioner
alleging that her substance abuse resulted in J.R.’s abuse and neglect. The DHHR further alleged


       1
         Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W.Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W.Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013);
State v. Brandon B., 218 W.Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183
W.Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990).
       2
         We note that petitioner’s brief fails to follow Rule 11(i) of the West Virginia Rules of
Appellate Procedure regarding the current status and permanency plans of the child and the
current status of the parental rights of all the child’s parents. This information is of the utmost
importance to this Court. While we decline to employ its use in this matter, we caution
petitioner’s counsel that the Rules of Appellate Procedure provide for the imposition of sanctions
where a party’s brief does not comport with the Rules.
       3
        Petitioner presents these arguments as a single assignment of error. As they are distinct
grounds, we analyze them separately in this memorandum decision.

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that petitioner had a criminal history and that she had previously relinquished her parental rights
to an older child in 2011.

        In April of 2016, the circuit court held an adjudicatory hearing. At that hearing, petitioner
stipulated to J.R.’s abuse and neglect, as alleged in the petition. She also claimed that she had
received therapy from Washington Health Systems and Suboxone from a facility called New
Life. The circuit court found that petitioner abused and neglected J.R. In August of 2016, the
circuit court granted petitioner’s motion for a post-adjudicatory improvement period.

       In September of 2016, the DHHR filed a motion to terminate petitioner’s improvement
period based on positive drugs screens for methamphetamine and Suboxone; missed drug
screens; and dishonesty in her medical history when it was discovered that she had no record
with Washington Health Systems.

        In October of 2016, the circuit court held a hearing on the DHHR’s motion to terminate
petitioner’s improvement period. At that hearing, the DHHR worker testified that petitioner
missed or failed all of her drug screens, including positive screens for amphetamine and other
controlled substances. Further, contrary to her claims, petitioner’s medical records revealed that
she did not have a valid prescription for Suboxone. The circuit court terminated petitioner’s
improvement period and scheduled a dispositional hearing.

         In November of 2016, the circuit court held a dispositional hearing. At that hearing, the
DHHR worker testified that petitioner failed to submit to drug screens; had tested positive for
controlled substances; and had not provided the DHHR with a copy of her work schedule,
despite citing work-related issues as the cause for her non-compliance with drug screens. For
those reasons, the DHHR recommended terminating petitioner’s parental rights to J.R. Petitioner
testified that she had not contacted the DHHR since her improvement period ended, but she
maintained that she was receiving therapy from Washington Health Systems. However, when
petitioner’s counsel, at the circuit court’s behest, contacted the medical records department of
Washington Health Systems in open court, the department confirmed that petitioner had not
received therapy at any of their facilities. At the conclusion of the hearing, the circuit court
terminated petitioner’s parental rights to J.R.4 This appeal followed.

       The Court has previously established the following standard of review:

              “Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
       novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
       facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
       evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether
       such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a

       4
         Petitioner’s parental rights to J.R. were terminated below. According to the guardian and
the DHHR, the parental rights of J.R.’s father were terminated in 2016. Petitioner previously
relinquished her parental rights to an older child, and both children (J.R. and J.R.’s older sibling)
currently reside together in the same foster home. The permanency plan for J.R. is adoption into
that foster home.
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       reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when,
       although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire
       evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been
       committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply
       because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if
       the circuit court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record
       viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223,
       470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).

Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011).

        On appeal, petitioner first argues that the circuit court erred in terminating her post­
adjudicatory improvement period. With regard to the termination of improvement periods, West
Virginia Code § 49-4-610 provides that a circuit court has discretion to grant, extend, or
terminate an improvement period. West Virginia Code § 49-4-610(7) requires the termination of
an improvement period “when the court finds that [a parent] has failed to fully participate in the
terms of the improvement period.” Additionally, we have long held that “[i]t is within the court’s
discretion . . . to terminate the improvement period . . . if the court is not satisfied that the
[parent] is making the necessary progress.” Syl. Pt. 2, in part, In re Lacey P., 189 W.Va. 580,
433 S.E.2d 518 (1993).

         In this case, the record on appeal clearly establishes that petitioner failed to fully
participate in her improvement period. Undisputedly, during her improvement period, petitioner
regularly failed to participate in court-ordered drug screens and tested positive for controlled
substances, including amphetamines. As to her missed drug screens, petitioner claims that the
DHHR scheduled those drug screens during her working hours. However, she fails to provide
any citations to the record before us to support that claim. Rule 10(c)(7) of the West Virginia
Rules of Appellate Procedure requires that petitioner’s brief “contain appropriate and specific
citations to the record on appeal[.]” Having reviewed the record on appeal, we find no support
for the argument that she missed all of her drug screens due to work. Moreover, petitioner’s
argument does not discount or explain why she tested positive for controlled substances during
her improvement period. Given the facts of this case, we find that the circuit court acted within
its discretion in terminating petitioner’s improvement period.

        Next, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in terminating her parental rights to
J.R. Petitioner asserts that her circumstances do not fit the statutory guidelines for termination of
parental rights. She specifically states that her case does not meet the statutory definition for “no
reasonable likelihood that the conditions of neglect or abuse can be substantially corrected in the
near future.” Petitioner claims that she was reasonably likely to substantially correct her abuse
and neglect, but the circuit court terminated her improvement period and her parental rights too
“hastily.” We disagree.

        Under West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(b)(6), circuit courts are directed to terminate
parental rights upon finding that there is “no reasonable likelihood that the conditions of neglect
or abuse can be substantially corrected in the near future” and that termination is necessary for
the child’s welfare. West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(c)(3) provides that “no reasonable likelihood

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that conditions of neglect or abuse can be substantially corrected” exists when “[t]he abusing
parent . . . ha[s] not responded to or followed through with a reasonable family case plan or other
rehabilitative efforts[.]” Despite petitioner’s arguments, we find that she failed to follow through
with her improvement period and failed to follow through with any rehabilitative efforts
designed to correct her substance abuse problem. She missed drug screens; she continued to use
controlled substances during her improvement period; and she did not provide the parties or
circuit court with accurate information regarding her therapy and medical history. Further, we
disagree with petitioner’s statement, in passing, that termination was not in J.R.’s best interests.
“We have repeatedly emphasized that children have a right to resolution of their life situations, to
a basic level of nurturance, protection, and security, and to a permanent placement.” State ex rel.
Amy M. v. Kaufman, 196 W.Va. 251, 257-58, 470 S.E.2d 205, 210-11 (1996). Here, there is no
question that petitioner abused and neglected J.R., and it is clear from the record on appeal that
petitioner was then unsuccessful in her improvement period. Therefore, we find that termination
was in J.R.’s best interests to resolve her life situation and achieve permanent placement in a
nurturing and secure environment. As such, we find no error.

       For these reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court, and its January 12,
2017, order is hereby affirmed.

                                                                                         Affirmed.

ISSUED: September 5, 2017


CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Allen H. Loughry II
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker




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