                               District of Columbia
                                Court of Appeals
No. 14-AA-935
                                                                           DEC 31 2015
JEFFREY BOWSER,
                                   Petitioner,

        v.                                              CRB-4-14

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
DEPARTMENT OF EMPLOYMENT SERVICES,
                      Respondent,

       and

CLARK CONSTRUCTION, LLC, et al.,
                       Intervenors.

                             On Petition for Review of an Order
             of the District of Columbia Department of Employment Services

       BEFORE: Thompson and Beckwith, Associate Judges; and Reid, Senior Judge.

                                    JUDGMENT

      This case came to be heard on the administrative record, certified copy of the
agency hearing transcript, the briefs filed, and was argued by counsel. On consideration
whereof, and as set forth in the opinion filed this date, it is now hereby

        ORDERED and ADJUDGED that the portion of the Compensation Review
Board‟s (“CRB”) Decision and Order relating to petitioner‟s claim for medical benefits
for treatment of his carpal tunnel and psychological conditions is reversed, and the case is
remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. The CRB‟s decision
upholding the Administrative Law Judge‟s determination to terminate petitioner‟s
temporary total disability benefits is affirmed.

                                    For the Court:




Dated: December 31, 2015.

Opinion by Associate Judge Phyllis D. Thompson.
Notice: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the
Atlantic and Maryland Reporters. Users are requested to notify the Clerk of the
Court of any formal errors so that corrections may be made before the bound
volumes go to press.

             DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COURT OF APPEALS

                                  No. 14-AA-935                        12/31/15

                          JEFFREY BOWSER, PETITIONER,

                                         V.

              DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF EMPLOYMENT
                            SERVICES, RESPONDENT,

                                         and

               CLARK CONSTRUCTION, LLC, ET AL., INTERVENORS.

                  On Petition for Review of Decision and Order
        of the District of Columbia Department of Employment Services,
                           Compensation Review Board
                                   (CRB-4-14)
(Argued September 17, 2015                          Decided December 31, 2015)

      Justin M. Beall for petitioner.
       Karl A. Racine, Attorney General for the District of Columbia, Todd S. Kim,
Solicitor General, Loren L. AliKhan, Deputy Solicitor General, and Donna M.
Murasky, Senior Assistant Attorney General, filed a statement in lieu of brief in
support of respondent.
      Sarah M. Burton for intervenors.


      Before THOMPSON and BECKWITH, Associate Judges, and REID, Senior
Judge.
                                         2

      THOMPSON, Associate Judge:         In this matter, petitioner Jeffrey Bowser

challenges a Decision and Order of the District of Columbia Department of

Employment Services (“DOES”) Compensation Review Board (the “CRB”) that

upheld a Modification Order (the “MO”) terminating petitioner‟s temporary total

disability (“TTD”) benefits. Petitioner contends that the CRB‟s Decision and

Order must be reversed because (1) the intervenor/employer failed to make a

threshold showing of a change in conditions and thus was not entitled to the

hearing that led to the MO; (2) the DOES administrative law judge (“ALJ”)

improperly shifted to petitioner the burden of proving that he was entitled to a

continuation of TTD benefits; (3) the intervenor/employer failed to prove that

petitioner‟s condition had changed, with the result that the MO is not supported by

substantial evidence; and (4) in any event, a remand is required for DOES to

properly consider petitioner‟s claims for medical benefits for carpal tunnel

syndrome and psychological treatment. We remand for further consideration of

petitioner‟s claim for the foregoing medical benefits, but affirm the CRB‟s ruling

insofar as it upheld the termination of TTD benefits.




                                         I.
                                          3

      On April 28, 2010, petitioner was working as a pile driver for intervenor

Clark Construction Group (the “Employer”) when he was thrown backward in a

boat, injuring his head, neck, and back. Petitioner sought medical treatment and

thereafter filed a claim for workers‟ compensation benefits. On May 26, 2011, a

hearing was held on his claim. Petitioner‟s evidence at the hearing included

reports from his treating physicians.         The Employer submitted reports by

independent medical examiner (“IME”) Dr. Louis London, a neurologist, and IME

Dr. Gary Levitt, an orthopedist. Dr. London opined that petitioner‟s injuries had

“resolved without residual,” that petitioner had “no continuing injury causally

related to anything that occurred on [April 28, 2010],” and that he “require[d] no

further medical care” and could “return to his normal and usual employment as a

[p]ile [d]river without restriction.” Similarly, Dr. Levitt opined that petitioner had

“reached maximum medical improvement” and had “the ability to return to work

immediately” without limitation or modification of his work activity.



      In a June 24, 2011, Compensation Order (the “Initial CO”), which was

upheld on appeal to the CRB, DOES ALJ Heather Leslie awarded petitioner TTD

benefits, finding that petitioner‟s “back and lower extremity complaints [had]

resolved” but that his “neck, left shoulder, left upper extremity and head condition

[were] causally related to the injury of April 28, 2010” and continued to render him
                                        4

disabled.   After the Initial CO was issued, the Employer caused additional

examinations to be performed by IMEs London and Levitt. After re-examining

petitioner on December 5, 2011, and June 25, 2012, and reviewing new records

from petitioner‟s treating physicians, Dr. London again found that petitioner had

“no condition related to anything that occurred on [April 28, 2010],” had “reached

maximum medical improvement long ago,” and could return to his normal

employment without restriction.      Dr. Levitt examined petitioner again on

November 1, 2011, and May 29, 2012. On the basis of those examinations, he

stated that it was “beyond [his] comprehension . . . as to why [petitioner] still

require[d] care,” that petitioner‟s treatment by his treating physicians had been

“driven purely on the basis of subjective complaints by the [petitioner] and a

willingness for his doctors to treat him without clear evidence of any objective

measure of pathology” or “structural injury,” and that petitioner could return to

work immediately without modification of work activity.



      After receiving the additional IME reports, the Employer filed an application

for a hearing, seeking to modify the Initial CO. On January 18, 2013, DOES ALJ

Karen Calmeise held an evidentiary hearing.       On December 13, 2013, ALJ

Calmeise issued the MO, terminating petitioner‟s TTD benefits and medical

benefits upon finding that petitioner had reached maximum medical improvement
                                         5

and that the injuries to his head, neck, and back had resolved. In an August 14,

2014, Decision and Order, the CRB upheld the MO.



      This petition for review followed. Petitioner argues that the Employer made

no affirmative factual showing of a change in his condition and thus there was no

basis for a modification hearing to be held.      Petitioner also argues that the

Employer failed to prove that his condition had changed so as to warrant a

modification of benefits, because the Employer‟s medical evidence — new reports

by IMEs Levitt and London — were “nearly identical” to their opinions that were

rejected by ALJ Leslie in the Initial CO. Petitioner further contends that ALJ

Calmeise “improperly applied the burden of proof” to him, by “effectively

requiring him to prove that his condition had not changed.” Finally, petitioner

argues that both the ALJ and the CRB failed to apply the presumption of

compensability in addressing his claims for medical benefits.




                                        II.
                                        6

      Under D.C. Code § 32-1524 (2012 Repl.), a provision of the District of

Columbia Worker‟s Compensation Act (the “Act”), upon application by a party,

DOES may “order a review of a compensation case . . . where there is reason to

believe that a change of conditions has occurred which raises issues concerning:

(1) [t]he fact or the degree of disability or the amount of compensation payable

pursuant thereto[.]” D.C. Code § 32-1524 (a). A party may apply for a § 32-1524

review “[a]t any time prior to 1 year after the date of the last payment of

compensation or at any time prior to 1 year after the rejection of a claim[.]” Id.

(emphasis added).1 The review “shall be limited solely to new evidence which

directly addresses the alleged change of conditions.” D.C. Code § 32-1524 (b).



      This court has approved DOES‟s interpretation that when an applicant

requests a § 32-1524 review, the agency must conduct a “preliminary examination

of evidence intended to be submitted at an evidentiary hearing” and then — if that

examination reveals “evidence which could establish, if credited, changed

conditions” (the “threshold test”) — conduct an evidentiary hearing on the issue of


      1
            Petitioner decries the possibility that a party dissatisfied with a
compensation award may “file repeated applications for modification[.]” But that
is precisely what the statutory “at any time” language permits. However, as we
discuss infra, our case law establishes that such a dissatisfied party will have to
make a threshold showing of a change in condition(s) before being allowed to
progress to an evidentiary hearing on its application for modification.
                                         7

whether there has been a change in conditions. Snipes v. District of Columbia

Dep’t of Emp’t Servs., 542 A.2d 832, 834 n.4, 835 (D.C. 1988); see also

Washington Metro. Area Transit Auth. v. District of Columbia Dep’t of Emp’t

Servs. (“WMATA”), 703 A.2d 1225, 1228-29 (D.C. 1997) (describing the “two-step

procedure”: “(1) a determination that there is reason to believe that a change in the

claimant‟s condition has occurred,” which “requires an affirmative factual showing

that a change of conditions has occurred,” and “(2) an evidentiary hearing if that

test is met”); id. at 1230 (describing the “modest threshold burden of producing

minimal evidence”— “something short of full proof” — to support the „reason to

believe standard‟”). We have said that it is error for DOES to “fail[] to make the

requisite threshold determination,” a circumstance that entitles the non-moving

party to prevail. Id. at 1226, 1231.



      In cases involving modification orders, “[o]ur scope of review . . . requires

us to decide whether the agency made the threshold determination under the statute

and whether its determination is supported by substantial evidence in the record.”

Id. at 1228. More generally, this court will affirm a ruling of the CRB unless the

ruling is “arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in

accordance with law.” Georgetown Univ. v. District of Columbia Dep’t of Emp’t

Servs., 971 A.2d 909, 915 (D.C. 2009) (internal quotation marks omitted). Our
                                         8

review of the CRB‟s legal rulings is de novo. Fluellyn v. District of Columbia

Dep’t of Emp’t Servs., 54 A.3d 1156, 1160 (D.C. 2012) (internal quotation marks

omitted). “Although our review in a workers‟ compensation case is of the decision

of the CRB, not that of the ALJ, we cannot ignore the compensation order which is

the subject of the CRB‟s review.” Reyes v. District of Columbia Dep’t of Emp’t

Servs., 48 A.3d 159, 164 (D.C. 2012) (internal quotation marks and alterations

omitted).




                                       III.




      Petitioner argues that the Employer failed to make the required threshold

showing of a reason to believe a change had occurred in his condition, that the

Employer thus was not entitled to a hearing (“[N]o evidentiary hearing on

modification should have taken place[.]”), and that the CRB erred in failing to so

recognize. For the reasons that follow, we disagree.



      To begin with, the relevant test is whether there was “a change of

conditions,” D.C. Code § 32-1524 (a), not necessarily a change in petitioner‟s
                                         9

medical condition. An employer can make a threshold showing of a reason to

believe there has been a change in conditions by proffering evidence of a change in

“non-medical circumstances,” such as a “change in . . . wage-earning capacity.”

WMATA, 703 A.2d at 1229; In re Fiumara, AHD No. 09-467B, OWC No. 587392,

2015 WL 609772, at *3 (D.C. Dep‟t Emp‟t Servs. Jan. 15, 2015) (recognizing that

an employer may seek a modification of a claimant‟s award based on the

claimant‟s failure to cooperate with vocational rehabilitation). Here, in its hearing

request made on September 25, 2012, the Employer asserted, inter alia, that

petitioner had “fail[ed] to cooperate with vocational rehabilitation” and had

voluntarily limited his income. The record shows that, at that time, the Employer

had reports from petitioner‟s vocational rehabilitation case manager that petitioner

was not motivated to return to work and had made a “poor appearance and

presentation” (such as by not being appropriately dressed) at job interviews. The

Employer also had deposition testimony from petitioner confirming that he had

told one potential employer that he was willing to work only one Saturday a month

because there are “times I need to talk to my kids on the phone and spend time

with my kids.” We have no trouble concluding that these reports were sufficient to

enable DOES to determine that the Employer had satisfied the “modest threshold

burden of producing minimal evidence” of a change in condition described in

WMATA. 703 A.2d at 1230.
                                         10



      In response to the Employer‟s hearing request, the ALJ sought to schedule a

“Snipes hearing” for January 8, 9, or 10, 2013, and the parties agreed to attend a

Snipes hearing on January 8, 2013. Although the ALJ might have considered the

vocational rehabilitation and deposition evidence described above in a (limited)

Snipes hearing, it appears that the contemplated hearing turned into a full-blown

evidentiary hearing, which did not begin until January 18, 2013, at which the ALJ

had before her failure-to-cooperate evidence as well as other evidence (including

medical reports and opinions). The record does not firmly establish that DOES

conducted a preliminary review of the type described in Snipes.2 However, the

record does indicate that the ALJ and the parties had at least one pre-hearing

conference call prior to the January 18 evidentiary hearing and that, prior to the

evidentiary hearing, the ALJ looked at some of the Employer‟s vocational

rehabilitation evidence (including evidence that the Employer‟s counsel

characterized as showing that petitioner had “sabotag[ed] job interviews”). On this

record, and in light of our conclusion above that the evidence the Employer had in

hand (at the time it requested a hearing) met the Snipes threshold burden, we



      2
          Petitioner asserts that “a Snipes hearing was never held in this matter and
that the matter proceeded directly to an evidentiary hearing.”
                                         11

cannot conclude that petitioner is entitled to relief for the ALJ‟s alleged failure to

make the requisite threshold determination required under Snipes.



      We also note that while petitioner complains now that the matter should not

have progressed to an evidentiary hearing on the Employer‟s request to modify the

award of TTD benefits, the record reveals no objections by petitioner to the scope

of the January 18 hearing. Petitioner signed the Joint Pre-Hearing Statement in

which he identified, as among his “[c]ontested issues,” “[c]ontinuing temporary

total disability benefits” and “change of vocational counselor,” and in which the

Employer identified “modification of the June 24, 2011 Compensation Order due

to a change of condition” as a contested issue.        Petitioner also registered no

objections when, at the outset of the January 18 hearing, ALJ Calmeise identified

the issues as including the Employer‟s “ultimate request for modification of the

June 24, 20[11] compensation order,” when the Employer‟s counsel confirmed that

the Employer sought a termination of TTD benefits, or when the Employer‟s

counsel said the same in her opening statement. Petitioner also did not object to

any of the Employer‟s exhibits, which included updated reports from the IMEs.

We conclude that petitioner had “ample opportunity to clarify [or protest] the

nature of the . . . hearing if []he had any doubts [or concerns] about its scope,”
                                          12

Snipes, 542 A.2d at 835, and that his complaint now about the lack of a

preliminary review or threshold showing comes too late.




                                         IV.




      In challenging the CRB‟s affirmance of the MO, petitioner focuses in part on

the ALJ‟s reliance on the “duplicative” new reports of the IMEs, reports that he

asserts are “substantively identical to the first round of IME reports submitted.” 3 It

is true that the reports from Drs. Levitt and London that the Employer submitted in

connection with the hearing before ALJ Calmeise reach the same conclusions the

two IMEs had reached in their reports submitted during the hearing before ALJ

Leslie: maximum medical improvement, no unresolved injuries, and petitioner‟s

fitness to return to his pre-injury work. However, the CRB reasonably determined

that the IMEs‟ reports, based on their new examinations of petitioner — in


      3
          For example, as petitioner emphasizes, Dr. London stated in his report
based on his December 2, 2011, examination of petitioner that, “[i]n comparing
today‟s examination to my examination of 5/2/11, there has been no change.” Dr.
London‟s June 25, 2012, report likewise acknowledges “no change in my
impressions.”
                                          13

November 2011 (Dr. Levitt), December 2011 (Dr. London), May 2012 (Dr.

Levitt), and June 2012 (Dr. London) — constituted new evidence. As the CRB put

it, “[i]t is not the conclusion alone that is dispositive of whether or not the evidence

qualifies as „new‟; it is the foundation of that conclusion that is determinative of

whether or not the evidence qualifies as „new.‟” Having examined petitioner again

and having reviewed petitioner‟s treating physicians‟ reports from dates after the

Initial CO, both IMEs had new foundations for their opinions on which ALJ

Calmeise relied.4



      Moreover, when the issue is whether there has been a change in a claimant‟s

medical condition, the relevant change is a change in the condition determined to

exist by the previous factfinder (here, ALJ Leslie), not a change from an IME‟s

previous estimation of the claimant‟s condition. See WMATA, 703 A.2d at 1228

(“The examiner [at the modification hearing] started appropriately with the

determination made in the prior order that Anderson‟s condition was


      4
           We noted in Snipes that “the hearing examiner rejected the medical
reports on the ground[s] [that] they merely reasserted medical conclusions rejected
in the prior hearing.” See 542 A.2d at 835. However, the opinion in Snipes does
not indicate whether (as is the case here) the medical reports in issue were based on
new examinations or information. Snipes does not stand for the proposition that a
change of condition cannot be demonstrated if doctors maintain the medical
opinions they expressed in connection with a prior proceeding.
                                        14

permanent[.]”) (emphasis added); cf. Lewis v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd., 919

A.2d 922, 926 (Pa. 2007) (“[T]he employer must demonstrate a change in physical

condition since the last disability determination.”); National Zinc Co. v. Dewitt,

574 P.2d 300, 303 (Okla. 1978) (holding that a physician‟s evaluation of

claimant‟s disability submitted in a proceeding to modify an award upon a change

of condition “is not limited in its effect to the . . . difference [between that

evaluation] and [the] physician‟s evaluation submitted in a prior proceeding”).


      We also agree with the observation by another court in a workers‟

compensation case that the fact that a doctor‟s previous testimony (at the hearing

that preceded a previous compensation order) did not carry the day does not

preclude the finder of fact at a change-of-conditions hearing from “accepting and

believing the testimony of the doctor . . . tending to establish a change in

condition.” United States Gypsum Co. v. Pendleton, 340 P.2d 467, 468 (Okla.

1959). While petitioner is correct that ALJ Leslie “rejected [the IMEs‟ initial

reports] explicitly,” she did so for very specific reasons that do not apply here.5

      5
          Nor is this a case in which the ALJ at the initial hearing “seriously
questioned [the] impartiality” of the IMEs, such that ALJ Calmeise should have
exercised special “caution . . . in determining whether the [IMEs‟]
recommendation should be followed over those of the current treating
physician[s].” Changkit v. District of Columbia Dep’t of Emp’t Servs., 994 A.2d
380, 390 (D.C. 2010).
                                         15

ALJ Leslie explained that Dr. Levitt “only examined the Claimant one time,” gave

his opinion without reviewing the MRI he had recommended, and was “not in

possession of all the objective testing the Claimant underwent.” As to Dr. London,

ALJ Leslie explained that the doctor offered no explanation for the headaches that

petitioner testified “credibly” he continued to suffer. Petitioner does not claim that

either IME failed to consider all of his updated objective testing. And, regarding

petitioner‟s testimony at the January 18 hearing about his “constant” headaches,

ALJ Calmeise found that petitioner was “not credible.” Thus, she discerned no

need for the IMEs to explain petitioner‟s headaches.




                                         V.




      We next address whether the CRB erred in ruling that the ALJ‟s finding that

petitioner is no longer totally disabled is supported by substantial evidence. Our

task is “to determine whether [petitioner] has demonstrated that the [ALJ‟s]

finding” — that there was a “change [of condition] that warrants modification of

the standing compensation order” — is unsupported by substantial evidence in the
                                         16

record of the proceedings.” Snipes, 542 A.2d at 835 (internal quotation marks

omitted).6



      The backdrop for understanding what change of condition ALJ Calmeise

found is the Initial CO,7 in which ALJ Leslie found that the “most notabl[e]”

aspect of petitioner‟s medical condition as of the May 2011 hearing was the

headaches about which he “credibly testified.” ALJ Calmeise cited a number of

factors that supported her determination that petitioner no longer suffers from

disabling head or neck pain. She noted the “updated medical opinions” of IMEs


      6
           Petitioner argues that the ALJ and the CRB “improperly imposed [on
petitioner] the burden to disprove a change in conditions[.]” He cites ALJ
Calmeise‟s statement that petitioner “has not sustained his burden of proving . . .
that he continues to be disabled[.]” What petitioner fails to mention is that the ALJ
turned to whether petitioner had met his burden of proof only after concluding that
the Employer had “met its burden of proof under the Act, to establish a sufficient
basis to terminate Claimant‟s TTD benefits and to deny his request for continued
medical treatment.” ALJ Calmiese explained that upon her “[h]aving determined
Employer is justified in its decision to halt Claimant‟s compensation benefits and
terminate all ongoing medical treatment[,] Claimant must now adduce sufficient
probative evidence to support his claim for continuing TTD benefits, including
payment of medical expenses.” Although, as a general rule, “the burden of
showing a change of conditions has . . . been held to be on the party claiming the
change, whether a claimant or employer[,]” WMATA, 703 A.2d at 1231, “[t]he
burden may shift once the moving party establishes his case.” Id.
      7
          See Snipes, 542 A.2d at 835 (reasoning that “a hearing examiner must
necessarily take into account what came before in determining whether a „change‟
has occurred”).
                                        17

Levitt and London — which were based on their examinations of petitioner

conducted after the hearing that led to the Initial CO, and on their review of

petitioner‟s most recent medical treatment records — that petitioner has reached

maximum medical improvement and has the capacity to return to work. She

further noted that despite petitioner‟s January 18, 2013, testimony that he “still

constantly” has neck pain and headaches that “don‟t stop,” his treating orthopedists

had “prescribed no medical treatment for the head and neck complaints”8 and his

treating neurologist imposed no physical work restrictions because of his

complaints of headaches. The ALJ also observed that the treating physicians‟

reports “do not reflect” any “noted observation” that petitioner “appeared

distressed or in [head] pain” during “any of the twenty one (21) medical

examination visits” in 2011 and 2012, and that petitioner‟s testimony about pain

from the head and neck injury was “inconsistent with the medical records” 9 and

unsupported by objective findings.


      8
           ALJ Calmeise acknowledged that petitioner‟s treating orthopedists and
neurologist did recommend pain management and nerve testing, respectively, for
petitioner‟s carpal-tunnel-related complaints about his left-arm pain or pain
radiating from the neck down into the left arm and hand, but found that petitioner‟s
left-arm complaints “are not related to the 2010 work related injury” (a conclusion
that we discuss in section VI infra).
      9
            We note that petitioner‟s cervical MRI from August 2010 showed
“evidence of soft tissue injury” to his neck, while no mention of such is made in
the report of his February 2013 MRI.
                                         18



      ALJ Calmeise noted in addition that petitioner “did not appear to be in

discomfort” during the two-hour January 18, 2013, hearing.            Further, ALJ

Calmeise found “[a]s an initial matter” that petitioner was “not credible”10 and that

his demeanor at the January 18 hearing was “deliberately evasive and

contradictory.” Although the Employer initially sought the modification hearing

on the basis of petitioner‟s alleged failure to cooperate with vocational

rehabilitation and voluntary limitation of income, and although the Employer

presented testimony from petitioner‟s vocational rehabilitation case manager in

support of those allegations, ALJ Calmeise ultimately found it unnecessary to

resolve those issues (stating that they were “moot”). However, it is clear that her

observations about petitioner‟s evasiveness and contradictory testimony focused on

his testimony related to the vocational rehabilitation/job search process (which, in

fact, was the subject of most of his testimony). In explaining those observations,

the ALJ referred to the inconsistency between petitioner‟s testimony about having

friends who, before the workplace accident, helped him compensate for his lack of

reading and writing skills, and his testimony that, after the accident, he “did not

      10
           We agree with the CRB that the fact “[t]hat a different ALJ presiding
over a different formal hearing on different issues under different circumstances
found Mr. Bowser credible does not prevent other ALJs from reaching a different
conclusion based upon Mr. Bowser‟s demeanor, Mr. Bowser‟s conduct at a formal
hearing, and the evidence presented at that proceeding.”
                                        19

have anyone to help him follow up on job leads while working with the vocational

rehabilitation specialist.”   ALJ Calmeise also noted the contradiction between

petitioner‟s testimony that he “underwent [a] 40 hour welding certification”

training process and his claim to his treating neurologist that he “was unsure he

could perform a light duty flagging job” offered by the Employer. 11 The ALJ did

not give examples of petitioner‟s evasive testimony, but our review of the hearing

transcript reveals that petitioner repeatedly gave evasive answers that he did not

“remember” or did not “understand the question” when pressed about whether he

had told the vocational rehabilitation case manager that he could not take a job

outside the pile drivers union because he would lose his union benefits, whether he

asked the case manager to help him arrange for reading classes, and whether he

needed the case manager to accompany him to job interviews.12



      11
            The vocational rehabilitation case manager testified that petitioner
requested that the case manager help him find forklift and welding jobs.
      12
           In other instances, petitioner was not evasive, but gave straightforward
answers that betrayed what the vocational rehabilitation case manager
characterized as petitioner‟s “just going through the motions” of a job search.
Petitioner told ALJ Calmeise that although he was offered a job at McDonald‟s
(that could accommodate his illiteracy), he told the prospective employer that he
“didn‟t like working nights and weekends” and that he believed that working
“[a]nything other than” “40 hours a week Monday through Friday” was “optional.”
Petitioner also agreed on cross-examination by the Employer‟s counsel that “one of
[his] issues” is that he “would like to go back to a job that is a union job.” The
vocational rehabilitation case manager testified that petitioner simply “wasn‟t
                                                                      (continued…)
                                         20



        In short, the ALJ appears to have inferred from petitioner‟s hearing

demeanor, and from his inconsistent statements and evasiveness when questioned

about the job search, that his condition had changed since the date of the Initial

CO.13        The ALJ was entitled to draw that inference, because a claimant‟s

exaggeration of his physical symptoms or false statements about his reasons for not

pursuing work opportunities can support an inference “that the claimant‟s

disability or ability to work has changed.” Simmons v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal

Bd., 96 A.3d 1143, 1149 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2014) (explaining that “a diagnosis of

malingering can be a sufficient change in condition as a matter of law to support a

modification of benefits”).14


(…continued)
prepared to market himself properly for any kind of employment,” in presentation,
demeanor, and attitude.
        13
          Moreover, the ALJ stated during the hearing that the fact that petitioner
was (at least in some fashion) “going along with the [vocational rehabilitation]
process” arranged by the Employer meant that he was “capable of working in some
capacity.” By contrast, when ALJ Leslie awarded petitioner TTD benefits
notwithstanding the fact that petitioner‟s physicians had “released [him] to light
duty,” she did so because the Employer had not shown the availability of work he
could do.
        14
          Although ALJ Calmeise found that petitioner‟s complaints of continuing
pain were not credible, she did not explicitly suggest that petitioner was
“malingering” — i.e., “intentional[ly] produc[ing] . . . false or grossly exaggerated
physical or psychological symptoms, motivated by external incentives such as . . .
                                                                       (continued…)
                                          21



      In light of all the foregoing, we conclude that substantial evidence supports

the CRB‟s ruling that the ALJ had a sufficient basis for concluding that a change of

condition had occurred: i.e., that petitioner is no longer totally disabled and no

longer entitled to TTD benefits. We therefore affirm the CRB‟s ruling upholding

the ALJ‟s determination to that effect.




                                          VI.




(…continued)
avoiding work [or] obtaining financial compensation[.]” Simmons, 96 A.3d at
1146 n.3 (internal quotation marks omitted). Nor did she attribute to either IME an
opinion that petitioner was malingering. However, both IMEs made comments in
their reports that can be read to suggest that they suspected or saw indications of
malingering. For example, in his May 29, 2012, report, Dr. Levitt wrote that
petitioner “ma[d]e a poor effort at all motors to the left upper extremity” during the
examination, but had no “disuse atrophy” in the upper arms or forearms. Dr.
London reported after his June 25, 2012, examination of petitioner that petitioner
“change[d] his history today,” reporting a “continuing” lumbar problem though
having told the doctor in 2011 earlier that his lumbar problem had resolved. Dr.
London also observed that petitioner “resists range of motion in all directions, and
indeed there is almost no neck movement today.”
                                        22

      Petitioner‟s final argument relates to the ALJ‟s rejection of his claim for

payment of medical expenses related to his diagnosed carpal tunnel syndrome and

his psychological or psychiatric treatment.15 Petitioner argues that the ALJ erred

by failing to apply the presumption of compensability (i.e., the presumption that

there is medical causal relationship between an injury and a work-related event that

had the potential to cause that injury). See Short v. DOES, 723 A.2d 845, 851-52

(D.C. 1998) (noting that any doubts as to causation “are to be resolved in favor of

the claimant”). He also argues that the issue of medical causation as to his carpal

tunnel syndrome was not properly before the ALJ and that she therefore had no

authority to decide the issue.16




      15
            The ALJ found that petitioner‟s “left arm complaints are not related to
the 2010 work related injury.” She also noted the finding by IME Dr. Brain
Shulman that petitioner had “reached maximum medical improvement as related to
any neuropsychiatric complaints and that further psychiatric treatment is not
necessary.” For its part, the CRB declined to “reweigh the evidence” and stated
that medical necessity was not an issue because neither party had submitted a
utilization review report.
      16
           The discussion above (upholding the ALJ‟s conclusion that the injuries
to petitioner‟s head, neck, and back have resolved and are no longer disabling)
does not resolve the medical-benefit issues as to treatment for carpal tunnel
syndrome and petitioner‟s claimed psychological injury, because “in principle a
claimant might be able to return to work and yet have continuing medical
expenses[.]” Snipes, 542 A.2d at 836.
                                         23

      The Employer concedes that the ALJ and the CRB failed to address the

causal relationship between petitioner‟s claimed psychological injury and the

workplace injury and agrees that a remand is required on this issue. For that

reason, insofar as the CRB declined to overturn the ALJ‟s ruling with respect to

petitioner‟s claim for “ongoing psychiatric care,” we reverse and remand.



      The Joint Pre-Hearing Statement includes petitioner‟s statement that he

“seeks medical benefits in the form of . . . medical treatment recommended by Dr.

Matthew Ammerman” (which the ALJ found to consist of repeat MRI and EMG

diagnostic tests to address petitioner‟s carpal tunnel condition) and also identified

as an issue “payment of related medical expenses.” In addition, the parties agreed

at the outset of the January 28, 2013, hearing that those were issues to be resolved.

Given those facts, we are not persuaded that the issue of medical benefits for carpal

tunnel syndrome was not before ALJ Calmeise or that she exceeded her authority

in resolving that issue.



      Although ALJ Leslie referred in the Initial CO to the evidence about

petitioner‟s carpal tunnel syndrome (referring to a test showing “„a mild bilateral

median neuropathy noted at the wrist. (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.)‟”), she made no

finding about any causal relationship between the carpal tunnel condition and the
                                        24

workplace injury, and thus she had no occasion to apply the presumption of

compensability. For that reason, and contrary to the CRB‟s analysis, the evidence

of a change in the disabling conditions found in the Initial CO did not obviate the

need for application of the presumption of compensability with respect to the claim

for medical benefits for carpal tunnel syndrome. ALJ Calmeise correctly observed

that petitioner‟s treating neurologist, Dr. Vandana Sharma, did not “connect . . .

[petitioner‟s] carpal tunnel condition to the . . . April 2010 boat incident” or

characterize the carpal tunnel condition as trauma-related. The ALJ also had

before her a report in which IME Dr. London opined that petitioner‟s carpal tunnel

syndrome “is totally unrelated to anything that occurred on 4/28/10,” as well as a

report from IME Dr. Levitt that there were no objective findings “consistent with a

discreet neuropathic process peripherally, i.e., carpal tunnel syndrome.” But there

is evidence in the record — a 2010 opinion by consulting neurosurgeon Dr.

Ammerman that petitioner‟s left arm pain is “directly related to his accident” and

an opinion by treating orthopedic surgeon Dr. Neil Green that petitioner‟s

symptomology “may be related to some double crush phenomenon” —that links

petitioner‟s carpal tunnel condition to the workplace accident and neck injury.17 In


      17
           It appears that ALJ Calmeise erroneously cited Dr. Ammerman‟s June
21, 2012, report (Claimant‟s Exhibit 6, p. 3) as supporting a conclusion that
petitioner‟s “left arm complaints are not related to the 2010 work injury.” Perhaps
the ALJ did so because Dr. Ammerman‟s report misquotes Dr. Sharma‟s June 24,
                                                                      (continued…)
                                           25

light of that evidence, we conclude that the ALJ‟s failure to do an analysis that

“provide[d] petitioner with the benefit of the statutory presumption of

compensability,” Ferreira v. DOES, 531 A.2d 651, 655 (D.C. 1987), was contrary

to law. Accordingly, we must reverse and remand the CRB‟s decision insofar as it

upheld the ALJ‟s ruling on this issue.18




                                           VII.




      For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the portion of the CRB‟s Decision and

Order relating to petitioner‟s claim for medical benefits for treatment of his carpal

tunnel and psychological conditions, and remand for further proceedings consistent




(…continued)
2010, report as saying that petitioner‟s nerve test showed a “bilateral median
neuropathy at risk” (italics added), when in fact the 2010 report referred to a
“bilateral median neuropathy noted at the wrist” (italics added).
      18
           We note that at the January 18, 2013, hearing, the Employer‟s counsel
told the ALJ that the Employer had agreed to pay for the MRI recommended by
Dr. Ammerman, and petitioner‟s counsel agreed that this left “on the table” the
issues of the EMG test and “pain management referral.” We leave it to the CRB
and the ALJ to sort out what remains of these issues.
                                         26

with this opinion.      We affirm the CRB‟s decision upholding the ALJ‟s

determination to terminate petitioner‟s temporary total disability benefits.



                                              So ordered.
