                                                              FILED 

                                                            DEC 11,2014 

                                                    In the Office of the Clerk of Court 

                                                  W A State Court of Appeals, Division III 





           IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 

                              DIVISION THREE 


STATE OF WASHINGTON,                         )
                                             )         No. 31964-4-111
                     Respondent,             )
                                             )
      v.                                     )
                                             )
ALBERTO CARDENAS-PADILLA,                    )-        UNPUBLISHED OPINION
                                             )
                    Appellant.               )

      FEARING, J.     A jury found Alberto Cardenas-Padilla guilty on two ofthree

counts of violating a no-contact order. Cardenas-Padilla attempted to contact his former

wife, the beneficiary ofthe protective order, through her mother. On appeal, Cardenas-

Padilla challenges the trial court's discretionary imposition of $200 in court costs. We

affirm Cardenas-Padilla's convictions and the imposition of $200 in court costs.

                                         FACTS

       On December 27,2012, Alberto Cardenas-Padilla wrote a letter to his former

mother-in-law, requesting that she ask his ex-wife to delete a Facebook profile created for

him and the former wife's 18-month-old daughter. On February 4 and 5, 2013,

Cardenas-Padilla texted his ex-mother-in-Iaw 25 to 30 times. Cardenas-Padilla tried to

enlist his former in-law to convince his former spouse to reconciliate and speak with him.
No. 31964-4-111
State v. Cardenas-Padilla


                                       PROCEDURE

       On February 25,2013, the State of Washington charged Alberto Cardenas-Padilla

with three counts of violating a no-contact order under RCW 26.50.110(5). The jury

found Alberto Cardenas-Padilla guilty on counts two and three for the February 4 and 5

texts, but not guilty on count one for the December 27 letter.

       At sentencing, defense counsel commented: "My client was employed. 1 did

receive a letter from his employer saying that he would be welcome back if he was out of

custody;" Report of Proceedings (RP) at 331. Cardenas-Padilla said, "I have got my

[commercial driver's license] and also close to getting my [general education

development] diploma. All 1 have to pass is my math test." RP at 338. The trial court

did not otherwise inquire into Cardenas-Padilla's financial resources or his ability to pay.

       On September 4, 2013, the trial court sentenced Cardenas-Padilla to confinement

for 14 months, with a credit for 221 days already served. The trial court imposed legal

financial obligations (LFOs) of: $500 victim assessment fee under RCW 7.68.035; $100

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) collection fee under RCW 43.43.754(1); and $200 in court

costs. Alberto Cardenas-Padilla's felony judgment and sentence contains the following

stock language:

               2.5 Legal Financial Obligations/Restitntion. The court has
       considered the total amount owing, the defendant's present and future
       ability to pay legal financial obligations, including the defendant's financial
       resources and the likelihood that the defendant's status will change. (RCW
       10.01.160).

                                              2

No. 31964-4-III
State v. Cardenas-Padilla



Clerks Papers (CP) at 164. The trial court ordered Cardenas-Padilla to make monthly

payments of at least $25 per month commencing September 5, 2014.

                                  LA W AND ANALYSIS

       Whenever a person is convicted in superior court, the court may order the payment

ofLFOs as part of the sentence. RCW 9.94A.760(l). The financial obligations may

include certain costs, including expenses incurred by the State in prosecuting the

defendant. RCW 10.01.160(1), (2). Alberto Cardenas-Padilla's trial court imposed a

total of$800 in LFOs. The $500 victim assessment fee was mandated by RCW 7.68.035,

and the $100 DNA collection fee was mandated by RCW 43.43.754(1). Neither fee was

subject to the defendant's ability to pay.

       The remaining $200 in court costs was discretionarily imposed by the court on

Cardenas-Padilla. State v. Kuster, 175 Wn. App. 420, 425, 306 P.3d 1022 (2013). By

statute, the court is not authorized to order a defendant to pay these costs unless he or she

is or will be able to pay them. RCW 10.01.160(3). In determining the amount and

method of payment of costs, the court shall take account of the financial resources of the

defendant and the nature of the burden that payment of costs will impose. RCW

10.01.160(3); Kuster, 175 Wn. App. at 424.

       Alberto Cardenas-Padilla contends the trial court erred when it: (1) imposed $200

in discretionary LFOs without considering his present or future ability to pay, and (2)


                                              3

No. 3 1964-4-III
State v. Cardenas-Padilla


ordered him to begin paying the obligations on September 5, 2014. The trial court's

judgment and sentence stated the court considered the total amount owing, the

defendant's present, and future ability to pay LFOs, including the defendant's financial

resources, and the likelihood that the defendant's status will change. Nevertheless, the

trial court did not expressly find that Cardenas-Padilla possessed the present or future

ability to pay LFOs. Still the trial court need not make a formal finding that the

defendant has or will have the ability to pay. State v. Baldwin, 63 Wn. App. 303, 312,

818 P.2d 1116,837 P.2d 646 (1991).

       Alberto Cardenas-Padilla did not object to the imposition ofLFOs at sentencing.

Under RAP 2.5(a), this court need not address this issue for the first time on appeal.

Until our Supreme Court decides otherwise, the rule established by each division of this

court is that a defendant may not challenge a determination regarding his or her ability to

pay LFOs for the first time on appeal. State v. Duncan, 180 Wn. App. 245, 252, 327 P.3d

699 (2014) (citing RAP 2.5(a) and Kuster, 175 Wn. App. at 425); State v. Calvin, 176

Wn. App. 1,316 P.3d 496, 507-08,petition!or review filed, No. 89518-0 (Wash. Nov.

12,2013); State v. Blazina, 174 Wn. App. 906, 911, 301 P.3d 492, review granted, 178

Wn.2d 1010,311 P.3d 27 (2013). Cardenas-Padilla recognizes this court's ruling in

Duncan. He asks this court to exercise its discretion under RAP 2.5 to address the

imposition of $200 in discretionary costs, and, alternatively, he desires to preserve the

issue should our Supreme Court reverse Duncan through State v. Blazina, 178 Wn.2d

                                             4

No. 31964-4-III
State v. Cardenas-Padilla


1010 (2013).

       We agree to exercise our discretion to address the propriety of the $200

assessment, since the trial court record is sufficiently developed to do so. Alberto

Cardenas-Padilla possesses a commercial driver's license and his defense counsel

indicated that his employer would rehire him once out of custody. This evidence

supports a conclusion that Cardenas-Padilla will have the future ability to pay his LFOs.

With credit for time served, he would be released in April 2014, five months before any

obligation to pay. If, ultimately, Cardenas-Padilla is unable to pay the $25 per month, he

may petition the court for remission under RCW 10.01.160(4).

                     STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL GROUNDS

       In his statement of additional grounds, Alberto Cardenas-Padilla raises two

additional arguments. First, Cardenas-Padilla contends the jury misunderstood its

instructions from the court or those instructions were erroneous. Cardenas-Padilla

emphasizes that the jury's verdicts of guilty are inconsistent since it convicted him on

counts two and three, but not count one. As noted in State v. Goins, 151 Wn.2d 728, 733,

92 P .3d 181 (2004), juries return inconsistent verdicts for various reasons, including

mistake, compromise, and lenity. Regardless, courts refrain from second-guessing the

jury where lenity provides a plausible explanation for the inconsistency. Goins, 151

Wn.2d at 735. Lenity is a likely explanation in this case.

       Second, Alberto Cardenas-Padilla contends the prosecutor read some of the texts

                                             5

No. 3 I 964-4-III 

State v. Cardenas-Padilla 



at issue inaccurately and with an inaccurate tone, misconstruing the texts' meaning when

cross-examining him. Cardenas-Padilla objected at trial to the reading. The trial court

responded that Cardenas-Padilla could discuss any misreading during his redirect

examination. On redirect, Cardenas-Padilla testified: "Yes. Like you said, I want to see

my children. What I am telling my mother-in-law there is, [t]alk to your child, like

mother and child conversation, so I can see my children. It is not because I want to

contact [my ex-wife]." RP at 239. Thus, both sides were able to present testimony

concerning the purpose and meaning of the texts. In the end, the jury needed to

determine the meaning and purpose. Cardenas-Padilla's contention therefore lacks merit.

                                   CONCLUSION

       We reject Alberto Cardenas-Padilla's arguments in his statement of additional

grounds. We affirm his two convictions and the trial court's imposition ofLFOs.

      A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the

Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to RCW

2.06.040.



WE CONCUR:


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