Filed 3/3/16 Bath v. Blue Shield of California CA2/6

            NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
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         IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                               SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                             DIVISION SIX


JESSICA BATH et al.,                                                       2d Civil No. B254969
                                                                        (Super. Ct. No. CV070360)
     Plaintiffs and Respondents,                                         (San Luis Obispo County)

v.

BLUE SHIELD OF CALIFORNIA,

     Defendant and Appellant.



                   Jessica Bath brought this action on behalf of a plaintiff class
(collectively plaintiffs) alleging that Blue Shield of California (Blue Shield)
had unlawfully rescinded healthcare insurance based upon purported
misrepresentations made on insurance applications. Plaintiffs obtained a
declaratory judgment decreeing that Blue Shield had the right to rescind
coverage only if a subscriber made an intentional material misrepresentation on
the application.
                   After we affirmed the judgment,1 plaintiffs moved to enforce it.
The trial court granted the request, in part, by ordering Blue Shield to compile a
list of the class members who have been affected by Blue Shield's application of

                   1
               Bath v. Blue Shield of California (Aug. 31, 2011, B219290)
[nonpub. opn.] (Bath I).)
the incorrect rescission standard. Blue Shield appeals, contending the trial court
exceeded its authority by ordering coercive relief from a purely declaratory
judgment.
              The order on appeal is preliminary to further proceedings and
therefore nonappealable. Nevertheless, we elect to treat the purported appeal as a
petition for a writ of mandate. We conclude that the trial court has equitable
authority to award supplemental coercive relief to give meaning to its prior
declaration of rights, that it acted appropriately by balancing the competing
equities in deciding whether to award such relief, and that it did not abuse its
discretion by requiring Blue Shield to compile a list of the affected class
members. We deny the petition.
                   FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
              Bath applied for and was accepted for coverage under a healthcare
services plan with Blue Shield in 2002. She subsequently gave birth to a son,
who was covered under the plan. The child was born with a heart defect and
required surgery and other medical care. Blue Shield rescinded the insurance
contract and declined to pay the child's medical bills. It claimed that Bath had
misrepresented material facts about her health history and medical conditions on
the application.
              Bath filed a complaint alleging individual claims along with causes
of action for declaratory relief and violation of unfair competition law (UCL) on
behalf of a class of approximately 600 insurance subscribers whose coverage was
rescinded between April 2003 and June 2008. Plaintiffs alleged that whenever a
substantial benefits claim was received during that period, Blue Shield would
examine the subscriber's insurance application and medical records for
discrepancies and then, if any were found, would rescind the insurance coverage
regardless of any intent by the subscriber to deceive Blue Shield.
              The trial court certified the declaratory relief and UCL claims as
class actions. The declaratory relief cause of action requested "a declaration of


                                         2
the parties' rights and liabilities under the [insurance] agreements." The UCL
claim sought injunctive relief, "requesting that the Court enjoin Blue Shield from
committing the acts alleged herein in the future and require Blue Shield to re-
examine and re-process its prior rescissions under the correct standards."
               Following a series of objections and negotiations, plaintiffs
withdrew their request for certification of the UCL claim. As a result, the trial
court entered an amended order certifying the case as a class action with respect
to the cause of action for declaratory relief only. Plaintiffs requested that the
class be given notice so that members could decide whether to bring or preserve
their own claims for monetary or injunctive relief, given that the statute of
limitations on class members' individual claims would not be tolled during
proceedings on the declaratory relief claim.
               The trial court granted the request, stating that "while there is no
authority for this court to protect class members from the effects of applicable
statutes of limitations, Plaintiff[s'] counsel at least ostensibly has such a duty."
The notice sent to the class members stated "[t]here is only one claim . . . that is
being pursued on behalf of the Class. That claim is for Declaratory Relief.
Declaratory Relief means that the plaintiffs are asking the Court to determine the
rights and liabilities of the parties . . . . The single class claim is seeking a
declaration by the Court as to two matters . . . . [¶] If plaintiffs prevail on this
claim, the Court will enter a judgment declaring that Blue Shield can only
rescind coverage based on willful and intentional misrepresentations or
omissions in the application for coverage and/or that Blue Shield cannot rescind
one person's coverage based on a misrepresentation of omissions made by
another person in the application for coverage. . . ."
               The notice further stated: "No legal theories, claims, or remedies
will be pursued on behalf of the Class other than those described in this Notice.
No monetary damages or injunctive relief are sought on behalf of the class
members. The statute of limitations, which can bar legal claims unless they are


                                           3
filed within a certain period of time, may affect your ability to pursue other
claims or seek other remedies. [¶] If you wish to pursue claims other than those
described in this Notice, you may wish to exclude yourself from the class, but
you do not necessarily have to do so. If you remain a Class member, and
plaintiffs prevail on behalf of the Class, this lawsuit will not prevent or limit your
ability to pursue additional claims or seek additional remedies separately."
              The parties proceeded to litigate the declaratory relief claim, which
sought a declaration as to two specific issues: (1) Whether Blue Shield was
prohibited from rescinding health care coverage based on a subscriber's material
misrepresentations, absent a showing that the misrepresentations were made
willfully; and (2) whether a dependent's coverage may be rescinded for
misrepresentations made by the subscriber.
              Blue Shield moved for summary adjudication of both issues. The
trial court summarily adjudicated the second issue in Blue Shield's favor, but
denied the motion as to the first issue, finding "that the language [of the health
insurance contract] is unambiguous, and that it provides that Blue Shield can
rescind a subscriber's participation in the plan only where the
applicant's/subscriber's failure to provide all material facts in an application was
accompanied by some level of intent or knowledgeable falsehood."
              To facilitate an immediate appeal, the parties stipulated to
dismissal of Bath's individual claims and to judgment on the class claims based
on the trial court's summary adjudication ruling. We upheld the trial court's
decision in Bath I, agreeing that the unambiguous language of the health
insurance contract gives Blue Shield the right to rescind coverage to an insured
covered by the plan only if he or she makes an intentional material
misrepresentation. The law in California is now consistent with this ruling.
(Health & Saf. Code, § 1389.21, subd. (a); Ins. Code, § 10384.17, subd. (a).)
              After issuance of the remittitur, plaintiffs demanded that Blue
Shield review its rescission of class members' coverage for compliance with the


                                          4
standard affirmed by this court. Blue Shield refused, claiming that the
declaratory judgment simply declared the meaning of the insurance contract. It
asserted it was not required to individually re-examine its prior rescissions and
that any particular class member who wished to utilize the declaration to enforce
his or her individual rights through an individual lawsuit was free to do so.
              Plaintiffs moved to enforce the declaratory judgment, arguing that
the trial court had equitable powers to enter a postjudgment injunction to
"enforce" the declaratory judgment and to compel Blue Shield to re-review the
files of all class members under the intent criterion upheld by this court. The
trial court granted the request for the re-review on August 29, 2012. The court
understood that the judgment was for declaratory relief only, but concluded it has
the equitable authority, after weighing all of the competing equities, to add
postjudgment coercive relief "in order to give meaning to its prior declaration of
rights." It determined that the equities weigh "heavily" in favor of enforcement
of the judgment here.
              The trial court emphasized the courts' duty to act as "guardians" of
absent class members, supervising "all phases of class action litigation" for their
benefit. The court gave great consideration to that duty here, "in light of its
observation that class members' loss of health insurance can result in financial
and personal catastrophe to the insured . . . ." It intended to ensure that "[a]fter a
five-year litigation Odyssey to the California Supreme Court and back," the
judgment plaintiffs had won would "not become a meaningless piece of paper
leaving catastrophically-injured Plaintiffs without a remedy and needlessly
exposing the judicial system to ridicule."
              In response to Blue Shield's contention that it now applies the
"intentionality" standard to current rescissions, the trial court questioned Blue
Shield's refusal to apply that standard to its rescissions of class members'
coverage. The court was especially concerned that the only other recourse class
members would have to enforce the law declared in the judgment -- individual


                                          5
actions -- might be time-barred. To address this concern, it stated its "intent[] to
find out how many people within the vulnerable Plaintiffs' group have been
affected by application of Blue Shield's incorrect rescission standard. Then, if
necessary, the Court will fashion a reasonable and practical coercive remedy for
their benefit."
                  The August 2012 order directed Blue Shield to prepare a plan for
the re-review process. Blue Shield moved for reconsideration. The trial court
denied that motion, but appointed a referee, Justice Nat A. Agliano (ret.), to
investigate and recommend procedures for conducting the re-review. After
Justice Agliano submitted his recommendations, the parties mutually asked the
trial court to remand the matter to Justice Agliano for a more comprehensive
recommendation. Justice Agliano held several more hearings before issuing a
revised recommendation as to all contested issues regarding the re-review
process. Each party opposed certain recommendations, with Blue Shield
continuing to object to any postjudgment coercive relief.
                  Following further briefing and argument, the trial court issued an
order on March 3, 2014, detailing the procedures to be used for the re-review
process. The order provides that after completion of the re-review process, Blue
Shield shall provide Justice Agliano and class counsel with a report containing
the results of the re-review, including "the basis for Blue Shield's original
rescission decision, the decision on re-review with reasons for the decision, and a
certification under oath by Blue Shield that the decision complies with the
standard of review."
                  Although the parties requested that the trial court "set forth the
additional remedies and procedures that will be available to an aggrieved class
member who did not intentionally misrepresent or omit any material fact in the
member's application, or whose rescission was otherwise improper, the Court
decline[d] the invitation." Consistent with its prior order, the court stated that
"[b]efore crafting any additional remedies and procedures, it will be important


                                             6
[for the court] to know how many class members fall into the 'aggrieved'
category. Accordingly, the nature of any claims process, the availability or not
of reasonable discovery, and/or the right to trial as to any claim for monetary
compensation, shall be the subject of further discussions and briefing as
information about the re-review process becomes available." 2 Blue Shield
appeals.
                                   DISCUSSION
                                    Appealability
              In its opening brief, Blue Shield asserted that the March 2014 order
is appealable under Code of Civil Procedure section 904.1, subdivision (a)(2),3 as
an order made after an appealable judgment, and under section 904.1,
subdivision (a)(6), as an order granting an injunction. Plaintiffs did not dispute
that assertion. We requested supplemental briefing concerning whether the order
is preliminary to further proceedings and therefore nonappealable. (See Lakin v.
Watkins Assoc. Industries (1993) 6 Cal.4th 644, 651 (Lakin); In re Corona
(2009) 172 Cal.App.4th 1205, 1215-1219; Roden v. AmerisourceBergen Corp.
(2005) 130 Cal.App.4th 211, 216-218; In re Marriage of Lloyd (1997) 55
Cal.App.4th 216, 220.)
              Plaintiffs concede, and we agree, the order is not appealable under
section 904.1, subdivision (a)(2), because it fails to "mak[e] a final determination

              2
                 Blue Shield asserts that it and other health insurer carriers entered
into an agreement with the Department of Managed Health Care to resolve issues
regarding rescission practices. As a result of this agreement, Blue Shield has
offered to provide 70 percent of the class members with reinstatement of
coverage and reimbursement of medical expenses regardless of the basis for the
rescission. It states that only 9 of those members have requested new coverage
and that just 32 members have requested reimbursement for their medical
expenses or full damages. The trial court indicated this evidence may be relevant
in determining "how we should go forward."
              3
               All statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure unless
otherwise stated.

                                          7
of rights or obligations of the parties." (Lakin, supra, 6 Cal.4th at p. 653.) Nor
are we persuaded that the order is appealable as an injunction. (§ 904.1, subd.
(a)(6).) Plaintiffs did not seek an injunction, and the trial court did not explicitly
order one.
              Both sides request, however, that we exercise our discretion to treat
the purported appeal as a petition for writ of mandate. (Olson v. Cory (1983) 35
Cal.3d 390, 401.) Since the trial court's decision is reviewable by mandate, and
since the issues have been fully briefed and no protest to appellate jurisdiction
has been made by plaintiffs, we elect to treat the appeal as a writ petition.
(Estate of Hoertkorn (1979) 88 Cal.App.3d 461, 463; see Science Applications
Int'l Corp. v. Superior Court (1995) 39 Cal.App.4th 1095, 1102.)
                                 Standard of Review
              This appeal raises two issues. The first is whether a trial court has
equitable authority to award supplemental coercive relief to enforce a declaratory
judgment in a class action. This is an issue of law subject to de novo review.
(See California School Employees Assn. v. Kern Comm. College Dist. Bd. of
Trustees (1996) 41 Cal.App.4th 1003, 1008; Ghirardo v. Antonioli (1994) 8
Cal.4th 791, 799.)
              The second issue is whether the trial court, assuming it has
equitable authority to award supplemental coercive relief, appropriately weighed
the competing equities in deciding to order Blue Shield to conduct a re-review of
class members' health care files under the correct rescission standard. This
decision is reviewed for abuse of discretion. (Branscomb v. JPMorgan Chase
Bank, N.A. (2014) 223 Cal.App.4th 801, 806; Hirshfield v. Schwartz (2001) 91
Cal.App.4th 749, 770-771 ["'From the very nature of equity, a wide play is left to
the conscience of the [judge] in formulating his decrees'"]; Lortz v. Connell
(1969) 273 Cal.App.2d 286, 300 ["The trial court has discretion as to the extent
of the relief to be afforded in a proceeding for declaratory relief"].) Under this
standard, reversal is required only where the court's ruling is arbitrary, capricious


                                          8
and beyond the bounds of reason. (Tudor Ranches, Inc. v. State Comp. Ins. Fund
(1998) 65 Cal.App.4th 1422, 1431; Walker v. Superior Court (1991) 53 Cal.3d
257, 272.)
                        Trial Court's Equitable Authority to
                           Enforce a Declaratory Judgment
              The trial court determined it has equitable authority to award
supplemental coercive relief to enforce a declaratory judgment in a class action.
Blue Shield contends this authority, to the extent it exists, is narrowly
circumscribed. We disagree.
              "An action for declaratory relief is equitable, and a court of equity
will administer complete relief when it assumes jurisdiction of a controversy.
[Citation.] Hence, in such an action it is proper for the court to grant any relief
consistent with the evidence and the issues embraced by the pleadings.
[Citations.]" (Westerholm v. 20th Century Ins. Co. (1976) 58 Cal.App.3d 628,
632 fn. 1; accord Laurance v. Security-First Nat. Bank (1963) 220 Cal.App.2d
622, 626.) As stated in Dawson v. East Side Union High School Dist. (1994) 28
Cal.App.4th 998, "'"[t]he jurisdiction of a court of equity to enforce its decrees is
coextensive with its jurisdiction to determine the rights of the parties, and it has
power to enforce its decrees as a necessary incident to its jurisdiction. Except
where the decree is self-executing, jurisdiction of the cause continues for this
purpose, or leave may be expressly reserved to reinstate the cause for the purpose
of enforcing the decree, or to make such further orders as may be necessary."'
[Citations.] It follows that retention of jurisdiction by the court for the purpose
of interpreting and enforcing its judgment is within the scope of declaratory
relief. [Citations.]" (Id. at pp. 1044-1045; see Shapiro v. Sutherland (1998) 64
Cal.App.4th 1534, 1552 ["Trial courts have broad equitable power to fashion any
appropriate remedies"].)
              Westerholm v. 20th Century Ins. Co., supra, 58 Cal.App.3d at page
618, is instructive. The defendants in that case filed a cross-complaint for


                                          9
declaratory relief only. They sought a declaration that while the insurance
carrier for one defendant had paid to settle the case, the coverage provided by
another defendant's carrier was primary. The judgment included both a
declaration of rights and an award of $15,000 from one carrier to the other. (Id.
at pp. 631-632.) The Court of Appeal affirmed, noting that the restitution award
was "embraced by the pleadings." (Id. at p. 632, fn. 1.)
               In Mills v. Mills (1956) 147 Cal.App.2d 107, 118-119, the trial
court declared that the plaintiff had an equitable right to real property in another
state. The Court of Appeal upheld the trial court's equitable authority to enforce
that declaration by granting a lien against the property. (See Hollenbeck Lodge
(486) I.O.O.F. v. Wilshire Boulevard Temple (1959) 175 Cal.App.2d 469, 476
[trial court had authority to enjoin defendant from doing that which the court
declared it had no right to do].)
               Thus, "[i]t is generally recognized that since coercive relief may or
may not be requested in an action for declaratory relief, a party will not be barred
from seeking such relief by further proceedings in the same or a new action."
(Lortz v. Connell, supra, 273 Cal.App.2d at p. 300, italics added; accord
Southern Counties Gas Co. v. Ventura Pipeline Constr. Co. (1971) 19
Cal.App.3d 372, 382.) "'Consequential or incidental relief may be obtained in an
action in which a declaratory judgment is sought, but the failure to seek such
relief in such action or suit does not constitute a bar to other proceedings to
enforce the rights determined by the judgment, whether such proceeding is by
petition filed in the declaratory action or in a separate and independent suit or
action subsequently filed . . . . [Citation.]'" (Ibid., italics added.)
               Moreover, in a class action such as this, the trial court must act as a
fiduciary to serve as a guardian of the rights of absent class members. (Barboza
v. West Coast Digital GSM, Inc. (2009) 179 Cal.App.4th 540, 547; Kullar v. Foot
Locker Retail, Inc. (2008) 168 Cal.App.4th 116, 129; In re Equity Funding Corp.
of America Securities Litigation (N.D. Cal. 1977) 438 F.Supp. 1303, 1325.)


                                           10
Henry v. Merrill Farms (N.D. Cal. 1982) 94 F.R.D. 730, 733, for example, the
trial court ordered an accounting pursuant to its inherent power to act as the
guardian of the rights of the absentee class members and to protect and enforce
the final judgment.
              Blue Shield takes a much more limited view of the trial court's
authority to enforce declaratory judgments. It asserts that the purpose of a
declaratory judgment is simply to declare the rights between the parties and that
the only method of enforcing the declaratory judgment is through a separate,
individual action for injunctive or monetary relief. The principal case it cites for
this proposition, Mycogen Corp. v. Monsanto Co. (2002) 28 Cal.4th 888, is
distinguishable. Mycogen held only that section 1062, which exempts purely
declaratory judgments from the normal rules of res judicata, is inapplicable in
"hybrid" cases where both declaratory and coercive relief are sought and granted.
(Id. at pp. 897, 902-903.) The court explained that while purely declaratory
actions leave open the possibility of subsequent actions for coercive relief to
enforce the rights declared, hybrid cases do not. (Id. at pp. 898-900.) As the trial
court observed here, "[t]he narrowly-drawn opinion in Mycogen eschews any
attempt to delineate all of the circumstances where a court can exercise power to
enforce a declaratory judgment, and that dispute did not involve a class action.
Nor does Mycogen, or any other case cited by Blue Shield, involve the court's
choice of alternative remedies within the same case."
              The other cases cited by Blue Shield are similarly unpersuasive.
(See, e.g., In re Finn (1957) 155 Cal.App.2d 705; Lesser & Son v. Seymour
(1950) 35 Cal.2d 494; Hercules Glue Co. v. Littooy (1941) 45 Cal.App.2d 42.)
They involve unique circumstances having nothing to do with the management
of declaratory judgments in class actions. We agree with the trial court that it has
equitable authority to award supplemental coercive relief where, as here, a final
declaratory judgment has issued in a class action. The decision as to whether to
exercise that authority, however, involves a balancing of the equities in the


                                         11
particular case. (Branscomb v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., supra, 223
Cal.App.4th at p. 806.)
                    Trial Court's Decision to Order Re-Review
                        of Class Members' Healthcare Files
              Blue Shield contends the equities do not favor enforcement of the
declaratory judgment in this case. Before addressing this issue, we note that the
trial court has not made a final decision as to what type of supplemental coercive
relief, if any, will be awarded to plaintiffs. It has reserved that issue for further
discussion and consideration. The only action taken so far is to order Blue
Shield to conduct a re-review of its health care files to identify those class
members, if any, whose insurance was improperly rescinded. Our review,
therefore, is limited to whether the trial court abused its discretion by requiring
Blue Shield to undertake this specific action.
              The driving force behind the trial court's decision is the running of
the statute of limitations. It is undisputed that the statute has run as to most of
the class members' individual claims for injunctive or monetary relief. The court
"envision[ed] the righteous indignation and betrayal class members would feel
upon learning that, nine years after being improperly denied health care coverage
by Blue Shield under an impermissible standard, the only tangible benefit to
them might be the use of a new applicable legal standard in a yet-to-be-filed
lawsuit saddled with serious statute of limitations issues." The court found
"[s]uch a result inconsistent with justice" and determined it "has the right to
know how many people, perhaps with serious health problems and in acute need
of health insurance, have been affected by Blue Shield's conduct, and to afford
practical and concrete relief, if necessary."
              Blue Shield contends it is not up to the trial court to "save" any
time-barred individual claims. It maintains that after the UCL claim was
voluntarily dismissed from the action, class members were notified of their
obligation to bring a separate action to pursue non-declaratory relief remedies


                                          12
and advised that the failure to file such actions may result in the claims being
time-barred. The flaw in this argument is that the notice to the class members
did not advise them that they may be forfeiting the protection of the court's
equitable enforcement authority. It also did not plainly inform class members
that if they elected to remain in the class action, as opposed to opting out, that
they would still have to file a separate action to protect their rights. To the
contrary, after admonishing members about the running of the statute of
limitations on individual claims, the notice implied this would not occur if the
members remained in the class: "If you wish to pursue claims other than those
described in this Notice, you may wish to exclude yourself from the class, but
you do not necessarily have to do so. If you remain a Class member, and
plaintiffs prevail on behalf of the Class, this lawsuit will not prevent or limit your
ability to pursue additional claims or seek additional remedies separately."
(Italics added.) The trial court questioned the clarity of this notice and
determined "it would be inequitable and unfair to relegate these Plaintiffs to
individual lawsuits, in some cases more than a decade after an 'improper'
rescission occurred, in order to vindicate their rights under the [judgment]."
              The trial court also emphasized the length of time the class action
has been pending. The contractual rescissions occurred between April 2003 and
June 2008. It noted that some of the delay in prosecuting the action could not be
avoided, but the re-review was ordered in August 2012. Instead of seeking
immediate appellate review, Blue Shield spent nearly two years contesting the
procedures for the re-review process. This delay has compounded the statute of
limitations problem, presenting yet "another compelling reason why equitable
enforcement . . . should be employed."
              The trial court recognized that plaintiffs made a strategic decision
to drop their injunctive relief claim. Indeed, it acknowledged that "one could
conclude that [p]laintiffs are trying to take advantage of an opportunistic
litigation strategy." There is no question that it took less effort to obtain the


                                          13
declaratory judgment than it would an injunction and that "[p]laintiffs could wind
up benefiting from a strategy that was pursued without the concomitant expenses
or delays of trial, or the risk of collateral estoppel or res judicata consequences."
The court found, however, that "one could just as likely conclude that when Blue
Shield's counsel negotiated the judgment, they were fully aware that plaintiffs
might seek to enforce it by way of motion, and that they intended all along to
fight the case tooth and nail, while later denigrating the [judgment] as a 'sliver of
a legal issue' with no practical importance."
              Under these unique circumstances, the trial court determined that
the parties and their counsel took calculated litigation risks as to how the court
would ultimately interpret the practical significance of the judgment. It stated:
"[T]o say that one side or the other has been surprised or sandbagged by the other
side's tactics is untenable. In terms of equitable balancing, the opposing party's
litigation tactics do not move the Court in one direction or the other."
              What did move the trial court was its fiduciary responsibility to
protect the rights of absentee class members. As we observed in Bath I, "[t]he
consequences flowing from the sudden loss of health insurance resulting from
injury or illness presents a financial and personal catastrophe to an insured as
well as placing additional strain on health providers and government resources."
(Bath I, supra, 2011 WL 3840543, at p. 4.) In ordering the re-review, the trial
court noted that "[f]rom the standpoint of good business practices, the Court
frankly does not understand why Blue Shield has not already conducted an
internal review of Plaintiffs' files in order to determine the scope of the problem,
as well as methods and means of finding a reasonable and prompt solution."
              Having considered the trial court's well supported reasons for
ordering the re-review of class members' health care files, we cannot conclude
the court abused its discretion. It is possible that another court may have
balanced the equities differently, but the question before us is whether any judge
reasonably could have made such an order. (In re Marriage of Hinman (1997)


                                         14
55 Cal.App.4th 988, 994.) We conclude Blue Shield has not shown that the trial
court's decision to order the re-review was arbitrary, capricious or otherwise
unreasonable under the circumstances. (Ibid.)
                                 DISPOSITION
              Blue Shield's appeal is deemed a petition for writ of mandate and is
denied. Respondents shall recover their appellate costs.
              NOT TO BE PUBLISHED.




                                          PERREN, J.


We concur:



              GILBERT, P. J.



              YEGAN, J.




                                        15
                              Charles S. Crandall, Judge
                      Superior Court County of San Luis Obispo

                         ______________________________



             Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, LLP, Gregory N. Pimstone, Brad W. Seiling,
Joanna S. McCallum, John T. Fogarty, for Defendant and Appellant.

             Law Offices of Robert S. Gerstein, Robert S. Gerstein; Gianelli & Morris,
Robert S. Gianelli, Jully Chang Pae; Mattison Law Firm, Raymond E. Mattison; Ernst
Law Group, Don A. Ernst, for Plaintiffs and Respondents.
