                                 NUMBER 13-14-00688-CV

                                    COURT OF APPEALS

                          THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

                             CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG


                              IN RE RAMIRO R. GARZA JR.


                        On Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus.


                                 MEMORANDUM OPINION

      Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Garza and Longoria
             Memorandum Opinion by Chief Justice Valdez1

        On December 2, 2014, relator, Ramiro R. Garza Jr., proceeding pro se, filed a

petition for writ of habeas corpus through which he seeks release from incarceration for

punitive contempt and coercive contempt based on his failure to pay child support and

medical support. Relator contends generally that his incarceration is illegal because he

has been incarcerated without due process and specifically, because he has not been

provided with a hearing under sections 157.101 and 157.105 of the Texas Family Code.


        1 See TEX. R. APP. P. 52.8(d) (“When denying relief, the court may hand down an opinion but is not
required to do so.”); TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4 (distinguishing opinions and memorandum opinions).
See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §§ 157.101, 157.105 (West, Westlaw through 2013 3d C.S.). 2

As stated herein, we deny the petition for writ of habeas corpus.

                                           I. BACKGROUND

        Relator was divorced from Jessica Marie Arredondo and was ordered to pay child

support for his minor child, P.J.G. On December 14, 2012, the trial court ordered relator

to pay monthly child support of $685 and monthly medical support of $350. The Office of

the Attorney General (“OAG”) thereafter filed a motion to enforce and modify relator’s

support obligations. The associate judge held a hearing on the OAG’s motion on April

22, 2014 and entered an order granting the OAG’s motion that same day. The order

issued by the associate judge, which was entitled “Order Enforcing and Modifying Support

Obligation,” was adopted and countersigned by the trial court judge on April 28, 2014.

        In this order, the trial court concluded that relator owed $15,089.87 in child support

arrearages and $12,352.61 in medical support arrearages.                    The trial court reduced

relator’s monthly child support obligation to $298 per month and medical support

obligation to $82 per month. The trial court concluded that relator failed to pay his current

child support and medical support on four separate occasions and held relator in punitive

or criminal contempt for the eight separate failures to pay child support and medical

support. The trial court sentenced relator to 180 days of incarceration in the Bee County

Jail for each separate count of punitive contempt with each sentence running

concurrently. The trial court also concluded that relator should be held in coercive

contempt until he paid the past due child support arrearages, medical support arrearages,



        2This cause arises from trial court cause number B-08-1128-CV-1 in the 36th District Court of Bee
County, Texas. The respondents in this original proceeding are the Honorable Joe Vickers, Associate
Judge, and the Honorable Starr Bauer, Judge of the 36th District Court.

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and $100 in attorney’s fees. In this same order, the trial court ordered the Sheriff of Bee

County to arrest relator and commit him to jail for the 180 days of confinement. The trial

court ordered relator to appear at court on August 22, 2014 to begin his confinement.

Relator failed to appear as ordered on August 22, 2014, and the trial court issued a

commitment order that same day. Relator was arrested on September 15, 2014. Relator

remains confined in the Bee County Jail.

       The April 22, 2014 order states that relator, Arredondo, and the OAG appeared at

the hearing on the motion to modify. The order further recites that relator appeared pro

se and “was advised of his rights, including the right to a court appointed attorney if found

indigent.” The court’s order recited that relator “knowingly and intelligently waived his

rights and proceeded [p]ro [s]e and agreed to the entry of these orders as evidenced by

his signature.” Relator initialed the first thirteen pages of the order and signed the

fourteenth page. The fifteenth page and final of the order contains the signatures of the

associate judge and the district court judge, and is further signed by counsel for the OAG

and Arredondo.

       This original proceeding ensued on December 2, 2014. The Court requested a

response to the petition for writ of habeas corpus from the real party in interest,

Arredondo, or any others whose interest would be directly affected by the relief sought.

See TEX. R. APP. P. 52.2, 52.4, 52.8. The OAG filed a response to the petition for writ of

habeas corpus, and relator filed a reply thereto.

                              II. HABEAS CORPUS STANDARD

       The purpose of a habeas corpus proceeding is not to determine the ultimate guilt

or innocence of the relator, but only to ascertain whether the relator has been unlawfully



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confined. Ex parte Gordon, 584 S.W.2d 686, 688 (Tex. 1979); In re Mann, 162 S.W.3d

429, 432 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2005, orig. proceeding). A writ of habeas corpus will be

issued if the order underlying the contempt order is void or if the contempt order itself is

void. See Ex parte Shaffer, 649 S.W.2d 300, 302 (Tex. 1983) (orig. proceeding). In a

habeas corpus proceeding, the order or judgment being challenged is presumed to be

valid. In re R.E.D., 278 S.W.3d 850, 855 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2009, orig.

proceeding); In re Turner, 177 S.W.3d 284, 288 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2005,

orig. proceeding); Ex parte Occhipenti, 796 S.W.2d 805, 809 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st

Dist.] 1990, orig. proceeding). In order to obtain relief by habeas corpus, the relator must

establish that the underlying order is void because of a lack of jurisdiction or because the

relator was deprived of liberty without due process of law. In re Henry, 154 S.W.3d 594,

596 (Tex. 2005) (orig. proceeding) (per curiam); Ex parte Merrikh, 361 S.W.3d 209, 210

(Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2012, orig. proceeding) (per curiam); In re Turner, 177

S.W.3d at 288; In re Butler, 45 S.W.3d 268, 270 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2001,

orig. proceeding). The relator bears the burden of showing that he is entitled to relief. In

re Munks, 263 S.W.3d 270, 272–73 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, orig.

proceeding); In re Turner, 177 S.W.3d at 288.

                            III. CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT

       The Texas Constitution prohibits a trial court from confining a person under its

contempt powers as a means of enforcing a judgment for debt. TEX. CONST. art. I, § 18

(“No person shall ever be imprisoned for debt.”); see Tucker v. Thomas, 419 S.W.3d 292,

297 (Tex. 2013). In contrast, a child support obligation and attorney's fees related to a

child support enforcement proceeding are viewed as a legal duty and are not considered



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a debt. In re Henry, 154 S.W.3d 594, 596 (Tex. 2005) (orig. proceeding) (per curiam);

see also Ex parte Helms, 152 Tex. 480, 259 S.W.2d 184, 189 (1953). Therefore, a trial

court may use its contempt power as set forth in Chapter 157—including the possibilities

of confinement, garnishment of wages, and suspension of the obligor's driver's license—

to ensure that child support obligors pay overdue child support. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.

§§ 158.0051, 232.003 (West, Westlaw through 2013 3d C.S.); In re Henry, 154 S.W.3d

at 596. In view of the myriad mechanisms available to a trial court to enforce child support

obligations, the Texas Supreme Court has characterized the collection of child support as

“without question, serious business.” In re Office of Att'y Gen., 422 S.W.3d 623, 627

(Tex.2013).

       A contempt judgment may be either civil or criminal in nature. See In re Reece,

341 S.W.3d 360, 365 (Tex. 2011). Civil contempt is “remedial and coercive in nature”

because the confinement is conditioned on obedience with the court's order. See id.; Ex

parte Werblud, 536 S.W.2d 542, 545 (Tex. 1976); In re Bannwart, 439 S.W.3d 417, 421

(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2014, orig. proceeding). Thus, a judgment that provides

that the contemnor is to be committed unless and until the contemnor performs the

affirmative act required by the court's order is a civil contempt order. In re Mott, 137

S.W.3d 870, 874 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2004, orig. proceeding). In contrast,

criminal contempt is punitive insofar as the contemnor is being punished for disobedience

to a court order that constituted an affront to the dignity and authority of the court. See In

re Reece, 341 S.W.3d at 365; Ex parte Werblud, 536 S.W.2d at 545; In re R.E.D., 278

S.W.3d 850, 855 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2009, orig. proceeding).




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                                              IV. ANALYSIS

      By one issue, relator contends that his confinement is illegal and violates due

process because he has not been afforded a hearing after being incarcerated. 3 Relator

contends that Texas Family Code section 157.101 through 157.105 ensures that a

respondent is to be afforded access to the court after being taken into custody.

      Under the Texas Family Code, a motion for enforcement may be filed to effectuate

a child support order. TEX. FAM. CODE. ANN. § 157.001(a) (West, Westlaw through 2013

3d C.S.). If a respondent who has been personally served with notice fails to appear at

an enforcement hearing, the trial court may order the issuance of a capias for the arrest

of the respondent. Id. § 157.066 (West, Westlaw through 2013 3d C.S.). When the trial

court orders the issuance of a capias, it must also set an appearance bond or security,


      3   The “Issues Presented” section of relator’s petition for writ of habeas corpus provides as follows:

               Illegal restraint of the Petitioner without Due Process of Law being observed, by
      either the Authority of the 5th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, and Illegal restraint of
      the Petitioner by the authority of Law as defined within Texas Statutes Family Code
      [Sections] 157.101-157.105[.]

                That the Petitioner has under color of Law as defined and delineated above, the
      right to take and be presented before a Court in order that Due Process is observed, and
      his rights are afforded to him.

              That he has been deprived of those rights by the actions of the Court and the
      Assistant State Attorney's Office in this matter, and that the only recourse of this Denial is
      the issuance of the Writ by this Court.

               The continued incarceration of the Petitioner by the authority of the 36th Judicial
      District Court, absent Due Process, makes the continued confinement of the Petitioner
      Illegal.

               The continued incarceration of the Petitioner in violation of Texas Statutes Family
      Code 157.105, deprives the Petitioner of Due Process, in light of the mandatory language
      of the Statute.

              The continued incarceration of the Petitioner in violation of the 5th Amendment to
      the United States Constitution, deprives the Petitioner of Due Process of Law.

                Said deprivation of Due Process constitutes Illegal restraint, correctable by this
      Court.

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payable to the obligee or to a person designated by the court, in a reasonable amount.

Id. § 157.101(a) (West, Westlaw through 2013 3d C.S.). Thereafter, if the respondent is

taken into custody and not released on bond, he must be brought before the trial court on

or before the third working day after his arrest to determine whether his appearance in

court at a designated time and place can be assured by a method other than by posting

the bond previously established. Id. § 157.105(a) (West, Westlaw through 2013 3d C.S.).

If the trial court is not satisfied the respondent's appearance in court can be assured and

the respondent remains in custody, a hearing on the alleged contempt must be held as

soon as practicable, but not later than the seventh day after the respondent was taken

into custody, unless the respondent and his attorney waive the accelerated hearing. Id.

§ 157.105(c) (West, Westlaw through 2013 3d C.S.).

       In the instant case, relator was not incarcerated by virtue of a capias in order to

ensure his presence at an enforcement hearing. Instead, relator was incarcerated by

virtue of a commitment order issued after an enforcement hearing at which relator

appeared, and which resulted in an order enforcing and modifying support obligations,

including the contempt provisions at issue in this original proceeding, which had been

agreed to by the parties. Relator’s confinement was not due to his failure to appear for a

motion to enforce a child support order, and section 157.105 and the attendant sections

of the family code are thus inapplicable. See id.; Ex parte Ustick, 9 S.W.3d 922, 925

(Tex. App.—Waco 2000, orig. proceeding). Accordingly, we reject relator’s contention

that he has been denied due process by any alleged failure to afford him an additional

hearing after incarceration.




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        To the extent that relator raises any additional due process arguments, such as

his alleged inability to pay the child support arrearage, we conclude that any additional

arguments are waived due to insufficient briefing and the failure of relator to furnish this

Court with a complete record in support of these allegations.4 The record provided by

relator includes only the trial court’s “Order Enforcing and Modifying Support Obligation,”

the “Writ of Commitment,” the Bee County Sheriff’s return of service, and a “Detention

Status Request” showing relator’s continued incarceration. The order at issue in this

original proceeding states that the parties waived a record of the trial court proceedings

with the consent of the trial court. Section 157.161 of the Texas Family Code provides

that a record of the hearing in a motion for enforcement “shall” be made by a court reporter

unless the parties agree to an order, or the motion does not request incarceration and the

parties waive the requirement of a record. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 157.161(a), (b).

According to the recitations in the trial court’s order, the parties agreed to an order within

the meaning of section 157.161 so as to preclude the requirement of a record. See id. §

157.161(b)(1); see also In re Sheridan, No. 03-14-00589-CV, 2014 WL 6140078, at *2

(Tex. App.—Austin Nov. 14, 2014, orig. proceeding) (mem. op.); Ex parte Coronado, No.

13-09-00149-CV, 2009 WL 961948, at *5 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi Apr. 9, 2009, orig.

proceeding) (mem. op.).

        Under the presumption of regularity of judgments, we are required to presume

recitations in the final judgment are correct absent any evidence to the contrary. Sedona




         4 For instance, relator alleges that he signed an invalid “Delayed Terms of Commitment Order”

pertaining to a different individual and referencing a different case number with the OAG; however, the
record before the Court indicates that the “Order Enforcing and Modifying Support Obligation,” the “Waiver
of Rights,” the “Commitment Order,” and the “Writ of Commitment” each identify relator by name and by his
case number with the OAG.

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Pac. Hous. P'ship v. Ventura, 408 S.W.3d 507, 511 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2013, no pet.);

Vernon v. Perrien, 390 S.W.3d 47, 58 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2012, pet. denied); S. Ins. Co.

v. Brewster, 249 S.W.3d 6, 12–14 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, pet. denied).

The trial court’s order affirmatively states that relator could have timely paid the specified

child support and medical support, but failed to do so. The record before this Court in this

original proceeding fails to contain any evidence contradicting the recitations in the

judgment. Accordingly, based on the limited record available to us, we reject relator’s

remaining arguments regarding the invalidity of the trial court’s order.

                                       V. CONCLUSION

       The Court, having examined and fully considered the petition for writ of habeas

corpus, the response, the reply, and the applicable law, is of the opinion that relator has

not met his burden to obtain relief. See In re Munks, 263 S.W.3d at 272–73; In re Turner,

177 S.W.3d at 288. Accordingly, relator’s petition for writ of habeas corpus is denied.

See TEX. R. APP. P. 52.8(a).


                                                    /s/ Rogelio Valdez
                                                    ROGELIO VALDEZ
                                                    Chief Justice

Delivered and filed the
19th day of December, 2014.




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