J-A10029-16


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: A.H., C.H., E.H.,           IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
M.H., MINORS                                          PENNSYLVANIA

APPEAL OF: J.L.K., NATURAL MOTHER
                                                    No. 1651 WDA 2015


                 Appeal from the Order Dated October 8, 2015
                In the Court of Common Pleas of Butler County
              Civil Division at No(s): 41, 42, 43, AND 44 OF 2015


BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., BENDER, P.J.E. AND PANELLA

MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.:                         FILED JUNE 21, 2016

       J.L.K. (“Mother”) appeals from the order entered October 8, 2015, in

the Court of Common Pleas of Butler County, which denied her motions for

rehearing.1 In her motions, Mother requested a new hearing on the issue of

where her minor children should be placed during their dependency. After

careful review, we quash the appeal.

       The trial court summarized the factual and procedural history of this

matter as follows.

             This case was initiated when the children, [A.H., a male
       born in November of 2011; C.H., his twin brother; M.H., a male
       born in May of 2013; and E.H., a female born in February of
       2015 (collectively, “the Children”)], were detained by the Butler
       County Children and Youth Agency [(“CYA”)] on July 23, 2015.
       A Guardian ad litem was appointed to represent the [C]hildren.
       Attorneys were appointed to represent the parents.
____________________________________________


1
  Mother purports to appeal from both the order of October 8, 2015, and
from shelter care orders dated October 7, 2015, and entered October 15,
2015. See Mother’s brief at 7. Our review of Mother’s notice of appeal
reveals that she appealed from the October 8, 2015 order only.
J-A10029-16



           A Shelter Care Hearing was held on July 31, 2014. …. At
     the Shelter Care Hearing, the [C]hildren were placed in the
     custody of [CYA] pursuant to a safety plan with a maternal aunt
     and cousin. However, the [C]hildren were eventually placed with
     Paternal Grandmother pursuant to a safety plan.

           Following an Adjudication Hearing, the [C]hildren were
     found to be dependent on August 6, 2015, for the reasons
     specifically detailed in the Master’s Supplemental Findings and
     Recommendations docketed August 19, 2015. A Dispositional
     Hearing was held on August 27, 2015, as specifically detailed in
     the Master’s Supplemental Findings and Recommendations
     docketed on September 18, 2015. In addition to the other
     provisions of a very detailed and appropriate Family Service
     Plan, the [C]hildren were to remain in the custody of [CYA] with
     placement continuing with Paternal Grandmother.

           On September 23, 2015, a caseworker went to the home
     of Paternal Grandmother after having received a report that the
     safety plan may have been violated. A specific provision of the
     safety plan was that Paternal Grandmother was not permitted to
     have her son, [J.H.], residing in her home. The record indicates
     that [J.H.] had recently been released from incarceration. The
     plan permitted him to assist his mother in the residence, but
     provided that he was not to reside there. The plan also provided
     that [J.H.] was to maintain sobriety, as he had recently been
     incarcerated on offenses resulting from abuse of prohibited
     substances.

           Upon inspection of Paternal Grandmother’s residence with
     her consent it was discovered by the caseworker that [J.H.] was
     present, and it appeared obvious that he had been residing
     there. [J.H.] also appeared to be under the influence of an
     intoxicating substance. In addition, the caseworker observed a
     strong odor of burnt marijuana in the residence.

          At that time, the four [C]hildren were taken into custody
     by [CYA]. ….

Trial Court Opinion, 11/2/2015, at 1-2.




                                    -2-
J-A10029-16



        The trial court conducted a hearing on September 24, 2015, to

address the removal of the Children from their paternal grandmother’s

home.     At the conclusion of the hearing, the court found that it was

appropriate to remove the Children from the residence of their paternal

grandmother, and that remaining in the home would be contrary to the

Children’s needs and welfare.          N.T., 9/24/2015, at 9.   The court entered

shelter care orders confirming this decision on October 15, 2015.

        Meanwhile, Mother submitted motions for rehearing on September 29,

2015.    In her motions, Mother claimed that the trial court prevented her

counsel from conducting cross-examination and presenting evidence during

the September 24, 2015 hearing, thereby violating Mother’s right to due

process and right to counsel.2 Motion for Rehearing – Pa.R.J.C.P. 1243(B),

9/29/2015, at ¶ 3-5. The court entered an order denying Mother’s motions

on October 8, 2015. Mother timely filed a notice of appeal on October 16,

2015.3
____________________________________________


2
  Our review of the record confirms that the trial court informed Mother’s
counsel during the September 24, 2015 hearing that he did not have a right
to conduct cross-examination of the witness presented by CYA. See N.T.,
9/24/2015, at 9 (“You don’t have a right to cross-examine at a shelter care
hearing.”). We observe that the trial court fails to cite any authority in its
opinion in support of the position that Mother’s counsel did not have a right
to cross-examine CYA’s witness.
3
  We note that Mother violated Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) by failing to file a
concise statement of errors complained of on appeal at the same time as her
notice of appeal. However, Mother later filed a concise statement on
October 26, 2015. We have accepted Mother’s concise statement pursuant
(Footnote Continued Next Page)


                                           -3-
J-A10029-16



      Mother now raises the following issues for our review.

      A. Whether the [trial c]ourt committed an error of law and/or an
      abuse of discretion in denying [Mother] the opportunity to
      introduce evidence and otherwise be heard on her own behalf
      and to cross-examine witnesses at the 24 September, 2015
      Shelter Care Hearing?

      B. Whether the [trial c]ourt denied [Mother] her constitutional
      right to due process in denying her the ability to introduce
      evidence and otherwise be heard on her own behalf and to
      cross-examine witnesses at the 24 September, 2015 Shelter
      Care Hearing?

      C. Whether the [trial c]ourt erred as a matter of law or
      committed an abuse of discretion by denying [Mother’s] request
      for rehearing as per Pa.R.J.C.P. 1243(B)[?]

Mother’s brief at 8 (suggested answers omitted).

      Before reaching the merits of Mother’s issues, we first must consider

whether the October 8, 2015 order was appealable.          “‘[S]ince we lack

jurisdiction over an unappealable order it is incumbent on us to determine,

sua sponte when necessary, whether the appeal is taken from an appealable

order.’”   Gunn v. Automobile Ins. Co. of Hartford, Connecticut, 971

A.2d 505, 508 (Pa. Super. 2009) (quoting Kulp v. Hrivnak, 765 A.2d 796,

798 (Pa. Super. 2000)). It is well-settled that, “[a]n appeal lies only from a

final order, unless permitted by rule or statute.” Stewart v. Foxworth, 65



                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

to In re K.T.E.L., 983 A.2d 745, 748 (Pa. Super. 2009) (holding that a
mother’s failure to comply strictly with Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) did not
warrant waiver of her claims, as there was no prejudice to any party).



                                            -4-
J-A10029-16



A.3d 468, 471 (Pa. Super. 2013).        Generally, a final order is one that

disposes of all claims and all parties. See Pa.R.A.P. 341(b).

      Instantly, Mother makes no effort to argue that the order of October 8,

2015 is appealable as a final order. Instead, Mother insists that the order is

appealable pursuant to the collateral order doctrine. See Pa.R.A.P. 313(a)

(providing that an appeal may be taken as of right from a collateral order of

a lower court). “A collateral order is an order separable from and collateral

to the main cause of action where the right involved is too important to be

denied review and the question presented is such that if review is postponed

until final judgment in the case, the claim will be irreparably lost.” Pa.R.A.P.

313(b).

      Mother argues that the October 8, 2015 order meets the requirements

of the collateral order doctrine because the issue of where the Children

should be placed during their dependency is separate from, and collateral to,

the dependency itself.   Mother’s brief at 14-15.     Mother further contends

that the subject order infringed upon her right to cross-examine witnesses

and present evidence, which is too important to be denied review. Id. at 15-

16. Mother suggests that the order also infringed upon her “right to reunite”

with the Children “free of undue interference by … third parties,” because

placing the Children with a third-party caregiver “creates for parents a large,

if not insurmountable, obstacle toward eventual reunification ….” Id. at 16-

17. Mother last asserts that her claim will be irreparably lost if review of the




                                     -5-
J-A10029-16



October 8, 2015 order is postponed, because the issue of where the Children

should be placed will be moot by the time a final order is entered. Id. at 17.

       After carefully examining the record in this matter, we conclude that

we lack jurisdiction to consider Mother’s claims, as the trial court’s October

8, 2015 order does not meet the requirements of the collateral order

doctrine. Mother’s argument fails with respect to the first requirement of the

collateral order doctrine, as placement decisions are an integral part of the

dependency process, and are not separable from, or collateral to, the

underlying dependency proceedings.4

       Mother’s argument also fails with respect to the second requirement of

the collateral order doctrine, as Mother does not have a “right” to determine

where the Children are placed. Placement decisions in a dependency matter

are made by the trial court, and must be based on the “safety, protection

and physical, mental, and moral welfare of the child[.]”        42 Pa.C.S. §

6351(a).

       Finally, Mother’s argument fails with respect to the third requirement

of the collateral order doctrine, as the issue of where the Children should be
____________________________________________


4
  For example, the Juvenile Act provides that, generally, trial courts must
conduct permanency review hearings every six months after a child has
been removed from the care of his or her parent, guardian, or custodian. 42
Pa.C.S. § 6351(e)(3)(i)(A). Following a permanency review hearing, the
court must enter an order providing for the “continuation, modification or
termination of placement or other disposition which is best suited to the
safety, protection and physical, mental and moral welfare of the child.” 42
Pa.C.S. § 6351(g).



                                           -6-
J-A10029-16



placed during their dependency will not be irreparably lost if we decline to

review the October 8, 2015 order.       Mother will have numerous additional

opportunities to address the Children’s placement with the trial court. In the

event final orders are entered changing the Children’s permanency goals to

adoption or terminating Mother’s parental rights, and Mother believes that

the placement of the Children impaired her ability to achieve reunification,

she will be able to appeal and raise the issue at that time.

      Moreover, even if we were to conclude that the October 8, 2015 order

is appealable, Mother still would not be entitled to relief.

             As a general rule, an actual case or controversy must exist
      at all stages of the judicial process, or a case will be dismissed
      as moot. An issue can become moot during the pendency of an
      appeal due to an intervening change in the facts of the case or
      due to an intervening change in the applicable law. In that case,
      an opinion of this Court is rendered advisory in nature. An issue
      before a court is moot if in ruling upon the issue the court cannot
      enter an order that has any legal force or effect.…

In re D.A., 801 A.2d 614, 616 (Pa. Super. 2002) (citations and quotation

marks omitted).

      Here, the record reveals that the trial court entered permanency

review orders on October 27, 2015, pursuant to which the Children were

removed from the foster home where they had been residing, and were

placed in the care of their paternal aunt, M.C. The orders indicate that a

permanency review hearing was “scheduled at the request of both Natural

Mother and Natural Father, for consideration of transfer of placement from

Agency Approved Foster Care to Relative Care in the home of [M.C.],

                                      -7-
J-A10029-16



Paternal    Aunt.”5      Master’s     Recommendation   –   Permanency   Review,

10/27/2015, at 1. Because the Children were placed in the care of M.C. at

Mother’s request, there is no longer any dispute as to where the Children

should reside during their dependency, and Mother’s claims are now moot.

       Accordingly, the October 8, 2015 order denying Mother’s motions for

rehearing is not a collateral order pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 313(b). This Court

lacks jurisdiction to consider Mother’s claims, and the appeal must be

quashed. Even if we were to conclude that this Court has jurisdiction, we

would hold that Mother’s claims are moot.

       Appeal quashed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 6/21/2016




____________________________________________


5
  See also Master’s Supplemental Findings and Recommendations as to
Permanency Review Hearing of October 22, 2015, 10/27/2015, at ¶ 6
(“Based upon the request of Natural Mother and Natural Father … placement
of the Minor Child shall immediately transfer from the Agency approved
foster care to the agency approved foster home of [M.C.], Paternal Aunt.”).



                                           -8-
