                             UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                             FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA



WILLIAM S. HARRIS, et al.,                     :
                                               :
               Plaintiffs,                     :
                                               :
               v.                              :       Civil Action No. 02-618 (GK/JMF)
                                               :
JAMES E. KOENIG, et al.,                       :
                                               :
               Defendants.                     :

                                   MEMORANDUM OPINION
       Now pending before the Court are Plaintiffs’ Response to Order to Show Cause [#416]
and Defendants’ Response to Order to Show Cause Why Sanctions Should not be Imposed
[#417]. The Court ordered both parties to respond to an Order [#413] to show cause why they
both should not sanctioned pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1927 for their conduct in the prosecution and
defense of Plaintiffs’ Motion for Protective Order to Prohibit Defendants’ Proposed Deposition
of Plaintiffs’ Counsel Ellen M. Doyle [#395]. For the following reasons, no sanctions will be
applied to either party.
                                             Background
       This case is an ERISA class action lawsuit that was filed in 2002. The focus of this
opinion is on a series of events in late 2010. On October 8, 2010, the defendants served a
subpoena on plaintiff’s lawyer, Ellen Doyle, in order to probe comments she made on her Texas
fee application in 2002. On November 9, 2010, four days after filing a reply memorandum in
support of plaintiff’s motion for a protective order to prohibit the deposition, the plaintiffs filed a
Fifth Amended Class Action Complaint [#403-1] that dropped Count X. The relevance of Ms.
Doyle’s proposed testimony was primarily tied to Count X, yet plaintiffs did not file a stay of
their motion for a protective order, and defendants continued to press for Ms. Doyle’s testimony.
On December 2, 2010, I signed an order granting plaintiffs’ motion for a protective order, and
ordered both parties to show cause why they both should not be sanctioned pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
§ 19271 for their conduct in the prosecution and defense of the application for the protective
order.
                                    Statutory Basis for Sanctions
         Section 1927 provides that:
                         Any attorney or other person admitted to conduct cases
                         in any court in the United States or any Territory
                         thereof who multiplies the proceedings in any case
                         unreasonably and vexatiously may be required by the
                         court to satisfy personally the excess cost, expenses,
                         and attorneys’ fees reasonably incurred because of
                         such conduct.

28 U.S.C. § 1927.

         The purpose of § 1927 is to allow the Court “to assess attorney’s fees against an attorney

who frustrates the progress of judicial proceedings.” United States v. Wallace, 964 F.2d 1214,

1218 (D.C. Cir. 1992).

         Three grounds for possible sanctions exist: the failure of the plaintiffs to withdraw their

motion for a protective order following their dropping of Count X, to discuss thoroughly

plaintiffs’ intentions as to Count X and its significance for the plaintiffs’ motion, and defense

counsel’s decision to pursue Ms. Doyle's testimony seven years after gaining access to the Texas

fee petition.

                                       The Parties’ Assertions

A.       Plaintiffs’ Failure to Withdraw Motion for a Protective Order

         Plaintiffs’ counsel set forth two reasons for their failure to withdraw their motion for a

protective order after dropping Count X: 1) that the two subpoenas for Ms. Doyle’s testimony

remained outstanding, and 2) that the plaintiffs also believed that the defendants intended to


         1
         The references to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure are to the electronic versions
that appears in Westlaw or Lexis.

                                                   2
pursue Ms. Doyle’s deposition even after Count X had been dropped. [#416] at 2. This

supposition was confirmed by the defendants’ November 12, 2010, reply, in which the

defendants argued that Ms. Doyle’s testimony remained relevant because her statements in

support of her fee application in Texas undermine the 1999 Illinois second period claims, which

have not been dropped. Defendants’ Sur-Reply in Support of Opposition to Plaintiffs’ Motion

for Protective Order to Prohibit Deposition of Ellen M. Doyle [#406] at 3.

        Given defendants’ subsequent actions, it cannot be said that plaintiffs’ failure to stay

resolution was unreasonable. Therefore, plaintiffs will not be sanctioned for their conduct.

B.      Plaintiffs’ Failure to Thoroughly Discuss Plaintiffs’ Intentions with Defendants

       The plaintiffs state that they did not advise defendants in their October 12, 2010, meeting

that they intended to drop Count X because they had not yet formed that intention. [#416] at 4.

The close of discovery occurred on October 23, 2010, and plaintiffs apparently consulted with

their experts and closely examined their depositions before deciding to drop Count X. Id at 1.

The final decision to drop Count X was made on November 2, 2010, and plaintiffs claim they

believed that this decision was to be communicated to defendants on or about November 3, 2010,

by the court-appointed mediator. Id. at 11. Their belief that defendants had been notified is

reflected in plaintiffs’ November 5, 2010, reply memorandum, which stated: “As defendants

have been advised, Plaintiffs accordingly intend to withdraw Count Ten.” Reply Memorandum in

Support of Plaintiffs’ Motion for Protective Order to Prohibit Defendants’ Proposed Deposition

of Plaintiffs’ Counsel Ellen M. Doyle [#400] at 2. On November 8, 2010, plaintiffs discovered

that this was not the case, and apologized to defendants’ counsel. [#416] at 11.

       In the immortal words of the Captain from Cool Hand Luke: “What we’ve got here is a


                                                 3
failure to communicate.” The failure to communicate plaintiffs’ intentions to opposing counsel

appears to be inadvertent, however, and “unintended, inadvertent, and negligent acts will not

support an imposition of sanctions under section 1927.” Wallace, 64 F.2d at 1218-19. Therefore,

plaintiffs will not be sanctioned for the delayed communications of their intentions to

defendants.

C.     Defendants’ Seven-Year Delay and Current Pursuit of Deposition

       Defendants have explained the timing of the deposition request by noting that, although

the case has been pending for approximately eight years, most deposition discovery did not take

place until September-October of 2010. [#417] at 7. The defendants additionally stated that they

had considered taking Ms. Doyle’s deposition “for some time,” but did not make a final decision

until after the plaintiffs focused their deposition questions on Ms. Doyle’s dealings with the

defendants’ witnesses in the settlements in the Texas and Illinois litigation. Id.

       Defendants claim that they had good reason for pursuing Ms. Doyle’s deposition even

after Count X was dropped. They believed that plaintiffs’ admission that pursuing objections to

the 2002 Texas Settlement was difficult because of the novelty, uncertainty, and complexity of

the issues would apply even more strongly to Counts VI-IX, which deal with similar objections

to the 1999 Illinois Settlement. Id. at 4. Though they acknowledged the Court’s awareness of the

statements, the defendants believed that it was necessary to have Ms. Doyle confirm the

statements on the record because the defendants must pursue every available defense, and

because plaintiffs could attempt to abandon, qualify, or explain the statements away. Id. at 5.

       The defendants’ explanation for the delay in seeking Ms. Doyle’s deposition is

reasonable, while their continued pursuit of Ms. Doyle’s testimony following the resolution of


                                                  4
Count X appears less so. However, “the power to assess costs [under 28 U.S.C. § 1927] on the

attorney involved is a power which the courts should exercise only in instances of serious and

studied disregard for the orderly process of justice.” Wallace, 964 F.2d at 1220 (quoting Overnite

Transp. Co. v. Chicago Indus. Tire Co., 697 F.2d 789, 795 (7th Cir. 1983)) (internal quotation

marks omitted). I am convinced that this is not such an instance, and therefore decline to impose

sanctions under 28 U.S.C. § 1927.

                                        CONCLUSION

       As stated above, the parties have sufficiently explained their actions and I have

determined that sanctions under 28 U.S.C. § 1927 are not appropriate. An Order accompanies

this Memorandum Opinion.

                                                                         Digitally signed by John M.
                                                                         Facciola
                                                                         DN: c=US, st=DC, ou=District of
                                                                         Columbia,
                                                                         email=John_M._Facciola@dcd.u
                                                                         scourts.gov, o=U.S. District
                                                                         Court, District of Columbia,
                                                                         cn=John M. Facciola
                                                                         Date: 2011.12.07 15:46:08 -05'00'
                                             ________________________________________
                                             JOHN M. FACCIOLA
                                             UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE




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