              In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                  OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
                                           No. 18-0043V
                                     Filed: February 20, 2020
                                            PUBLISHED


    DOROTHY SMITH,
                                                              Special Master Horner
                         Petitioner,
    v.                                                        Interim Attorneys’ Fees and Costs;
                                                              Excessive Travel Costs; Reasonable
    SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND                                   Rates; Vague Billing; Excessive
    HUMAN SERVICES,                                           Billing; Expert Costs

                        Respondent.

David Neal Calvillo, Chamberlain, Hrdlicka, White, Williams & Aughtry, P.C., Houston,
TX, for petitioner.
Daniel A. Principato, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for respondent.

               DECISION AWARDING INTERIM ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS 1

        On September 16, 2019, petitioner moved for an award of interim attorneys’ fees
and costs. (ECF No. 24.) In response, respondent deferred to the special master
regarding the amount and appropriateness of an award of interim fees and costs. (ECF
No. 25.) Respondent is satisfied however, that the statutory requirements for such an
award have been met in this case. (Id. at 2.) For the reasons discussed below, I award
petitioner interim attorneys’ fees and costs in the reduced amount of $63,486.39.

         I.     Procedural History

       Petitioner filed this claim on January 8, 2018 alleging that her diagnosis of
transverse myelitis was caused by the influenza vaccination she received on January
19, 2016. (ECF No. 1.) This case was originally assigned to Special Master Millman.
(ECF No. 4.) Petitioner filed a Statement of Completion on March 7, 2018 (ECF No. 7)
and after a status conference before Special Master Millman, respondent was ordered
1
  Because this decision contains a reasoned explanation for the special master’s action in this case, it will
be posted on the United States Court of Federal Claims’ website in accordance with the E-Government
Act of 2002. See 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2012) (Federal Management and Promotion of Electronic
Government Services). This means the decision will be available to anyone with access to the
Internet. In accordance with Vaccine Rule 18(b), petitioner has 14 days to identify and move to redact
medical or other information the disclosure of which would constitute an unwarranted invasion of privacy.
If the special master, upon review, agrees that the identified material fits within this definition, it will be
redacted from public access.
to file a status report on his position. (ECF No. 8.) Respondent filed a status report on
November 19, 2018, indicating that he intended to defend the case. (ECF No. 15.)
Respondent also requested additional medical records which were filed on April 17,
2019. (ECF Nos. 18, 19.)

       Initially, petitioner filed a brief, one-page, expert report (by Jack Burks, M.D.) with
her petition. (ECF No. 1-7; Ex. 5.) After respondent filed his responsive Rule 4 report
on March 5, 2019, petitioner filed a supplemental expert report responding to certain
points raised by respondent. (ECF Nos. 16, 19.) Subsequently, upon Special Master
Millman’s retirement, this case was reassigned to my docket on June 5, 2019. (ECF
No. 21.)

       Respondent filed his responsive expert report on July 24, 2019. (ECF No. 23.)
Thereafter, I provided petitioner an opportunity to file a further report responding to
respondent’s expert. Subsequently, petitioner then filed this Motion for Interim
Attorneys’ Fees and Costs on September 16, 2019, followed by an expert report from a
newly retained expert (Dr. Levy) on October 16, 2019. (ECF Nos. 24, 26.) Petitioner
explained that her original expert had retired. (ECF No. 27.)

        Respondent filed his response to petitioner’s motion on September 30, 2019
(ECF No. 25); however, upon initial review I determined that petitioner had not provided
documentation supporting her request for $27,522.55 in litigation costs and ordered her
to do so. (ECF No. 29.) On December 18, 2019, petitioner filed a Supplemental Motion
for Interim Attorneys’ Fees and Costs with additional documentation supporting her
request for attorneys’ costs. 2 (ECF No. 32.)

          This motion is now ripe for resolution.

    II.      An Award of Interim Fees and Costs is Reasonable

        Section 15(e)(1) of the Vaccine Act allows for the special master to award
“reasonable attorneys' fees, and other costs.” § 300aa–15(e)(1)(A)–(B). Petitioners are
entitled to an award of reasonable attorneys' fees and costs if they are entitled to
compensation under the Vaccine Act, or, even if they are unsuccessful, if the special
master finds that the petition was filed in good faith and with a reasonable basis. Avera
v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 515 F.3d 1343, 1352 (Fed. Cir. 2008). In his
response, respondent indicated that he is satisfied this statutory standard has been met
in this case. (ECF No. 25, p. 2.) I agree.

       Additionally, the Federal Circuit has concluded that interim fee awards are
permissible and appropriate under the Vaccine Act. Shaw v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., 609 F.3d 1372 (Fed. Cir. 2010); Avera, 515 F.3d at 1352. In Avera, the Federal

2
 It appears that the supplemental documentation may include some receipts which were not associated
with any of the disbursements identified by counsel’s billing records. (ECF No. 24-4, pp. 12-13.) Only
costs identified as disbursements in the billing records submitted with the original motion have been
considered for reimbursement in this decision.

                                                   2
Circuit stated, “[i]nterim fees are particularly appropriate in cases where proceedings
are protracted and costly experts must be retained.” Id. In Shaw, the Federal Circuit
clarified that “where the claimant establishes that the cost of litigation has imposed an
undue hardship and there exists a good faith basis for the claim, it is proper for the
special master to award interim attorneys’ fees.” 609 F.3d at 1375.

      More specifically, petitioner cites the prior decision Chinea v. Secretary of Health
& Human Services, No. 15-95V, 2019 WL 3206829 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 11,
2019). In that decision, the special master observed three factors that have been
considered when exercising discretion to award interim attorney’s fees include: (1)
whether the fee request exceeds $30,000, (2) whether the expert costs exceed
$15,000, and (3) whether the case has been pending for over 18 months. Chinea, 2019
WL 3206829, at *2 (citing Knorr v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 15-1169V,
2017 WL 2461375 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 17, 2017)).

         In light of the above, I exercise my discretion to allow an award of interim fees
and costs. This petition was filed on January 8, 2018, about eighteen months before
the filing of the motion for interim fees. (ECF No. 1.) In that time, petitioner filed an
expert report and responded to discovery. The total sought for fees and costs exceed
the $30,000.00 and $15,000.00 figures cited in Chinea. Moreover, respondent has not
objected, but instead deferred to my discretion as to whether the standard for an interim
award of fees and costs is met in this case. (ECF No. 25, p. 2.)

       Petitioner is advised, however, that multiple requests for interim attorneys’ fees
and costs within the same case are disfavored. See, e.g., Patel v. Sec’y of Health &
Human Servs., No. 16-848V, 2019 WL 2296818, at n.3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 11,
2019) (one special master noting “it is not my practice to allow multiple interim fee
awards of fees and costs . . . and [petitioner] should therefore refrain from requesting
another interim award again until he case fully concludes.”). Accordingly, I will not
entertain a second interim fee request absent compelling circumstances. See, e.g.,
Kottenstette v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 15-1016V, 2019 WL 5709372, at
*2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Oct. 11, 2019) (the undersigned granting a second interim fee
award where the Court of Federal Claims entertained a stay of respondent’s motion for
review).

   III.   Legal Standard for Determining Reasonable Fees and Costs

       The determination of the amount of reasonable attorneys' fees is within the
special master's discretion. See, e.g. Saxton v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 3 F.3d
1517, 1520 (Fed. Cir. 1993). Special Masters have “wide latitude in determining the
reasonableness of both attorneys’ fees and costs.” Hines v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., 22 Cl. Ct. 750, 753 (Fed. Cl. 1991). Moreover, special masters are entitled to
rely on their own experience and understanding of the issues raised. Wasson v. Sec’y
of Health & Human Servs., 24 Cl. Ct. 482, 483 (Fed. Cl. 1991) aff’d in relevant part, 988
F.2d 131 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (per curiam). Special Masters use the lodestar approach to
determine what constitutes reasonable attorneys’ fees under the Vaccine Act. Avera v.


                                             3
Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 515 F.3d 1343, 1347 (Fed. Cir. 2008). The lodestar
approach involves first determining “an initial estimate of a reasonable attorneys' fee by
‘multiplying the number of hours reasonably expended on the litigation times a
reasonable hourly rate.’” Avera, 515 F.3d at 1347–48 (quoting Blum v. Stenson, 465
U.S. 886, 888 (1984)). Once a court makes that initial calculation, it may then make an
upward or downward departure to the fee award based on other specific findings. Id.

        Petitioner “bears the burden of establishing the hours expended” and the
reasonableness of the requested fee award. Wasson, 24 Cl. Ct. at 484.
Notwithstanding that respondent has not raised any specific objections to petitioner’s
fee application, “the Special Master has an independent responsibility to satisfy himself
that the fee award is appropriate and [is] not limited to endorsing or rejecting
respondent’s critique.” Duncan v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 99-455V, 2008
WL 4743493 (Fed. Cl. 2008); see also McIntosh v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs.,
139 Fed Cl. 238, 250 (2018) (finding that the special master “abused his discretion by
failing to independently review the petitioner’s counsel’s motion for attorneys’ fees and
reimbursement of case costs to determine if the requested fees and costs were
reasonable.”). Furthermore, “the Special Master [has] no additional obligation to warn
petitioners that he might go beyond the particularized list of respondent’s challenges.”
Duncan, 2008 WL 4743493.

   IV.    Excessive Travel Time and Expenses in This Case

        As an initial matter, I note that a significant portion of the costs claimed by
petitioner’s counsel include costs incurred during travel, specifically to meet with the
expert, Dr. Burks. Petitioner’s counsel indicates that one attorney working on this case,
Juan F. Vasquez, Jr., traveled to Florida to meet with Dr. Burks on three separate
occasions, while Dr. Burks traveled to Texas on one additional occasion to meet with
petitioner’s counsel and provide an in-person evaluation for petitioner. The requested
travel expenses are as follows:

          •   October 20-23, 2017 (Miami, FL): $842.60 airfare; $762.89 hotel; $30
              parking/tolls; $320.31 meals.
                 o Trip total: $1,955.80

          •   December 26-31, 2018 (Miami, FL): $855.60 airfare; $133.12 meals.
                o Trip total: $988.72

          •   March 14-16, 2019 (Miami, FL): $1,054.58 hotel; $19.75 parking/tolls;
              $121.94 meals.
                 o Trip total: $1,196.27

          •   April 4-6, 2019 (Houston, TX): $321.74 meals

      In addition to these costs, Mr. Vasquez billed 11.5 hours from October 20-23,
2017; 1.25 hours from December 26-31, 2018; 3.75 hours from March 14-16, 2019; and

                                            4
3 hours from April 4-6, 2019. (ECF No. 24-4, pp. 5-10.) These hours are devoted to
preparing for these expert meetings and conferring with petitioner’s expert. Counsel of
record, David N. Calvillo, billed 8.75 hours on April 5, 2019, preparing for and attending
Dr. Burks’s meeting with petitioner. (ECF No. 24-4, p. 11.) Of the hours Dr. Burks billed
in this case, eight hours were attributable to “4/5-4/6: Houston Trip: Strategy with
Juan/David. Final review of medical records and government document . . .
Neurological evaluation on Mrs. Smith with medical report . . . Post patient case
evaluation, Strategy planning.” (ECF No. 32-1, p. 11.) (All involved seem to have
refrained from billing actual travel time as a matter of billing judgment.)

        Petitioner’s counsel indicates that “[t]he travel costs presented in this request
should be considered a part of the expert costs. The costs reflected herein for hotel and
airfare was incurred specifically to personally confer with Dr. Burks on a time-sensitive
basis. The appointment attended to by Mr. Vasquez involved a review of the medical
records, an explanation of the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program and an
explanation of the type of report required in this instance.” (ECF No. 24, p. 6.)
However, this amount of travel in a case of this nature is unusual. In the context of this
case, given the stage of the case, and the facts alleged, the costs incurred for these in-
person meetings both in hours billed and travel expenses are excessive and out of
proportion to the claim presented.

        “One test of the ‘reasonableness’ of a fee or cost item is whether a hypothetical
petitioner, who had to use his own resources to pay his attorney for Vaccine Act
representation would be willing to pay for such expenditure.” Hardy v. Sec’y of Health &
Human Servs., No. 08-108V, 2016 WL 4729530 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Aug. 16, 2016)
(citing Riggins v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 99-382V, 2009 WL 3319819, at
*3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 15, 2009); Sabella v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No.
02-1627, 2008 WL 4426040, at *28 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Aug. 29, 2008)). The Federal
Circuit has ruled that “[h]ours that are not properly billed to one’s client also are not
properly billed to one’s adversary pursuant to statutory authority.” Saxton, 3 F.3d at
1521. Additionally, counsel have an obligation to monitor expert fees and costs. Simon
v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 05-941V, 2008 WL 623833, at *2 (Fed. Cl.
Spec. Mstr. Feb. 21, 2008).

        I have reviewed Dr. Burks’s reports filed in this case. Nothing presented in either
of these reports reflects any basis for in-person meeting. Dr. Burks’s first report filed
with the petition was a single page, included only a perfunctory explanation of
petitioner’s theory of causation, and evidenced no specific understanding of the legal
requirements of this program. 3 (Ex. 5; ECF No. 1-7.) Nor should a qualified neuro-
immunologist require assistance in reviewing a patient’s prior medical history.
Moreover, the need for a more detailed follow up expert report further suggests that
3
  One could potentially argue that an in-person meeting could have benefits reaching beyond the four
corners of Dr. Burks’s reports. Namely, early expert preparation could provide more efficient hearing
preparation in the future. In this case, however, Dr. Burks retired and withdrew from the case after filing
his supplemental report in April of 2019. (ECF No. 27, p. 2.) Petitioner is now proceeding with a different
expert. There has been no representation made that Dr. Burks’s retirement was unexpected.


                                                     5
these in-person meetings were not reasonable or useful. 4 Notable in that regard is my
discussion below regarding Mr. Vasquez’s role in the case. Unlike counsel of record,
Mr. Calvillo, Mr. Vasquez is a tax lawyer rather than a personal injury lawyer and has
offered no indication he has any experience working with medical experts. Also
noteworthy, at the time of Mr. Vasquez’s December 2018 trip to Miami, petitioner had
already filed her initial expert report from Dr. Burks and respondent had not yet filed his
Rule 4 report explaining the basis for his defense of this case. (ECF No. 16.)

       Moreover, while petitioner’s counsel provided receipts for flights and hotel for
Miami, Florida, during the months of October 2017 and December 2018, Dr. Burks’s
invoice does not reflect any meeting with petitioner’s counsel in October or December of
any year. (ECF No. 32-1, p. 11.) Petitioner requests reimbursement for two hotel
rooms, food, and tolls in Miami during March 2019; however, Dr. Burks’ invoice only
notes “extensive analysis of medical records” for March 15th through 29th of an
unknown year. (Id.)

        Additionally, petitioner has likewise failed to substantiated why it was necessary
for Dr. Burks to travel to Houston to visit petitioner in person. By the time of this trip,
respondent had filed his Rule 4 report which acknowledged petitioner’s transverse
myelitis diagnosis and confirmed that the case was being defended with regard to the
question of whether petitioner’s vaccination was the cause of that transverse myelitis.
(ECF No. 16.) Accordingly, travel to Houston for an in-person exam of petitioner was not
reasonable as her current condition or diagnosis was not then at issue in the case.
Despite this, counsel’s billing records reflect that Dr. Burks’s meeting with petitioner was
with regard to her diagnosis. (ECF No. 24-4, p. 10.)

       In light of the above, I find that none of these requested travel costs, totaling
$4,462.53, are reimbursable. 5 Moreover, I reduce the above identified hours preparing
for and attending these expert conferral sessions by 50%.

4
  In the application for interim attorneys’ fees and costs, petitioner’s counsel states that “[p]etitioner has
been required to produce multiple expert reports from its renowned neurologist presumably to precisely
delineate the diagnostic link between the influenza vaccination administered to Dorothy Smith and the
resulting onset of her debilitating symptoms diagnosed as Transverse Myelitis (TM). The temporal nexus
and the familiar symptoms exist but yet additional reports continue to be requested.” (ECF No. 24, p. 2.)
This passage betrays counsel’s unfamiliarity with this program. It is well established that in a cause-in-
fact case such as this, a temporal association alone is not sufficient to demonstrate causation. E.g.,
Grant v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 956 Fed.2d 1144, 1148 (Fed. Cir. 1992). Petitioner later filed a
supplemental report from Dr. Burks to address the point raised in respondent’s report that petitioner had
experienced an upper respiratory infection prior to onset of her transverse myelitis. In this program,
respondent bears the burden of demonstrating the presence of any alternative cause only if and when
petitioner satisfies his prima facie burden. § 300aa-13(a)(1)(B); Walther v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., 485 F.3d 1146, 1150 (Fed. Cir. 2007). However, respondent may present evidence to
demonstrate the inadequacy of petitioner’s evidence supporting his case in chief. de Bazan v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., 539 F.3d 1347, 1353 (Fed. Cir. 2008). These are precisely the types of issues
that a meeting between counsel and expert would be expected to anticipate and seek to preempt.
5
 Since I have concluded that the travel in this case was unreasonably undertaken on the whole, it was
not necessary to reach the reasonableness of individual expenditures. I do note, however, that the airline
confirmations indicate that Mr. Vasquez flew a portion of his trips in “Delta Comfort+.” (ECF No. 32-1, pp.

                                                      6
    V.      Lodestar Analysis

            a. Hourly Rate

        A reasonable hourly rate is “the prevailing market rate defined as the rate
prevailing in the community for similar services by lawyers of reasonably comparable
skill, experience, and reputation.” Avera, 515 F.3d at 1348 (citation and quotation
omitted). In Avera, the Federal Circuit found that in Vaccine Act cases, the special
master should use the rate prevailing in the forum, i.e., Washington, D.C., in
determining an award of attorneys’ fees unless the bulk of the work is completed
outside of the forum and there is a “very significant difference” between the forum hourly
rate and the local hourly rate. 515 F.3d at 1349 (citing Davis County Solid Waste Mgmt.
& Energy Recovery Spec. Serv. Dist. v. U.S. Envtl. Prot. Agency, 169 F.3d 755 (D.C.
Cir. 1999)).

       Petitioner’s counsel practices in Houston, Texas. Houston attorneys have
previously been awarded forum rates. See Hudson v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs.,
No. 15–114V, 2016 WL 3571709, at *3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 3, 2016); Johnson v.
Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 14-254V, 2017 WL 2927307, at *3 (Fed. Cl. June
6, 2017); Garrett v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 14–17V, 2014 WL 6237497, at
*7 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Oct. 27, 2014).

        For attorneys receiving forum rates, the decision in McCulloch v. Secretary of
Health & Human Services provides a further framework for consideration of appropriate
ranges for attorneys’ fees based upon the experience of the practicing attorney. 6 No.
09-293V, 2015 WL 5634323, at *19 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 1, 2015). The Office of
Special Masters has since updated the McCulloch rates, and the Attorneys’ Forum
Hourly Rate Fee Schedules for 2015-2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 can be accessed
online. 7


15-18). It is well established that the Vaccine Program does not compensate petitioners for upgraded
methods of travel. See Davis v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 16-774V, 2019 WL 2281748, at *2
(Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 2, 2019); Reichert v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 16-697V, 2018 WL
3989429, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Jun. 20, 2018); Tetlock v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 10-
56V, 2017 WL 5664257, at *6 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Nov. 1, 2017).
6
  After discussing the potential approaches to setting a forum rate and reviewing cases and material from
both within and without the Vaccine Program, the special master concluded that the following factors
should be considered: (1) the prevailing rate for comparable legal work in Washington, DC; (2) the
prevailing rate for cases in the Vaccine Program; (3) the experience of the attorney(s) in question within
the Vaccine Program; (4) the overall legal experience of the attorney(s); (5) the quality of work performed
by the attorney(s) in vaccine cases; and (6) the reputation of the attorney(s) in the legal community and
community at large. McCulloch, 2015 WL 5634323, at *17.
7
  Each of the Fee Schedules for 2015 through 2019 can be accessed at
http://www.cofc.uscourts.gov/node/2914. The hourly rates contained within the schedules are derived
from the decision in McCulloch, 2015 WL 5634323. The schedules for 2017, 2018, and 2019 are adjusted
for inflation using the Producer Price Index for Offices of Lawyers (“PPI-OL”).


                                                     7
       Petitioner requests compensation for Mr. Calvillo at $425 per hour for work
performed in 2017, 2018 and 2019. 8 (ECF No. 24-4, p. 12.) Although he has no prior
experience litigating in this program, Mr. Calvillo is a civil trial lawyer with prior
experience in personal injury and wrongful death litigation. He has been in active
practice since 1989 and is acting as counsel of record in this case. (ECF No. 24-2.)
Under the Attorneys’ Forum Hourly Rate Fee Schedule, the forum hourly rate range for
counsel with 20-30 years of experience in practice is $358-$424 for 2017, $370-$439 for
2018, and $378-$448 for 2019. Balancing his overall legal experience and his
inexperience in this program, I find that a reasonable rate for Mr. Calvillo is $391 per
hour for 2017, $405 per hour for 2018, and $413 per hour for 2019. See McCulloch,
2015 WL 5634323, at *17 (noting that “[t]he higher end of the range should be awarded
to those with significant Vaccine Program experience who perform high quality legal
work in vaccine cases”).

       Petitioner requests compensation for Mr. Vasquez at the rate of $595 for work
performed in 2017, $625 for work performed in 2018, and $650 for for work performed
in 2019. 9 Mr. Vasquez has had approximately 17 years of practice. (ECF 24-3, p. 1.)
Like Mr. Calvillo, Mr. Vasquez lacks any prior experience in the vaccine program.
Although petitioner requests an upward departure from typical attorney rates due to Mr.
Vasquez’s national reputation in administrative matters (ECF No. 24, p. 4), Mr.
Vasquez’s submitted biography indicates that his prior experience relates exclusively to
tax planning and controversy. He has not indicated any familiarity with matters involving
vaccine injury litigation or even injury litigation more generally. Whether addressing
forum or local rates, attorney rates in this program represent prevailing rates “for similar
services by lawyers of reasonably comparable skills, experience, and reputation.”
Avera, 515 F.3d at 1348 (quoting Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888 (1984) (emphasis
added)). Under the Attorneys’ Forum Hourly Rate Fee Schedule, the forum hourly rate
range for counsel with 11-19 years is $307-$383 for 2017, $317-$396 for 2018, and
$324-$405 for 2019. Balancing his overall legal experience and his inexperience in this
program, I find that a reasonable rate for Mr. Vasquez is $345 per hour for 2017, $357
for 2018, and $365 for 2019. See McCulloch, supra.

       The paralegal rates requested by petitioner’s counsel also exceed the forum
rates typically allowed in this program. Specifically, Ms. Villegas has billed at a rate of
$215 per hour for work mostly completed in 2017. Her rate is reduced to $148 to
conform to the Attorneys’ Forum Hourly Rate Fee Schedule for 2017. Mr. Cain billed
$215 per hour for work performed in 2018 and $230 per hour for work performed in
2019. (ECF No. 24-4, p. 13.) The maximum paralegal rates for these years under the
Attorneys’ Forum Hourly Rate Fee Schedule are $153 and $156 respectively. Mr.
Cain’s rates are reduced accordingly.


8
  However, without explanation, Mr. Calvillo billed about two hours in 2017 at a lower rate of $395 per
hour. (ECF No. 24-4, pp. 3, 13.)
9
 In fact, Mr. Vasquez increased his rate as of his billing on December 29, 2018. (ECF No. 24-4, p. 9.)
He billed 1.25 hours at the end of 2018 at what would become his 2019 rate. (Id.)

                                                     8
       A third staff member, Theresa Adkins, also worked on this case. (ECF No. 24-4,
p. 12.) She billed 3.85 hours in 2017 and 1 hour in 2018 at a rate of $195 per hour and
is identified as “other legal staff.” (Id.) However, unlike other staff, the basis for her
requested rate was not discussed. (ECF No. 24-1.) In an informal communication to
chambers, petitioner’s counsel represented that the work Ms. Adkins billed in this case
was paralegal in nature. Upon my review of the billing records, I agree. Accordingly,
consistent with the above, her hourly rate will be reduced to $148 for 2017 and $153 for
2018.

             b. Hours Expended

        Special masters may rely on their experience with the Vaccine Program to
determine the reasonable number of hours expended. Wasson v. Sec’y of Health &
Human Servs., 24 Cl. Ct. 482, 484 (1991), rev’d on other grounds and aff’d in relevant
part, 988 F.2d 131 (Fed. Cir. 1993). Special masters have previously reduced the fees
paid to petitioners due to excessive and duplicative billing. See Ericzon v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., No. 10-103V, 2016 WL 447770 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Jan. 15,
2016) (reduced overall fee award by 10 percent due to excessive and duplicative
billing); Raymo v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 11-654V, 2016 WL 7212323
(Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Nov. 2, 2016) (reduced overall fee award by 20 percent), mot. for
rev. denied, 129 Fed. Cl. 691 (2016). Petitioner’s counsel “should make a good faith
effort to exclude from a fee request hours that are excessive, redundant, or otherwise
unnecessary, just as a lawyer in private practice ethically is obligated to exclude such
hours from his fee submission.” Hensley v. Eckhart, 461 U.S. 424, 434 (1983).

      After reviewing the billing records, counsel included entries that I find to be
excessive and unreasonable, along with some entries that are too vague to assess their
reasonableness. This court has consistently held that an application for fees and costs
must sufficiently detail and explain the time billed so that a special master may
determine, from the application and the case file, whether the amount requested is
reasonable. Bell v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 18 Cl. Ct. 751, 760 (1989).

         Upon my review, Mr. Calvillo’s billing is reasonable overall. However, he has
requested 6.5 hours for time spent in 2017 and 4 hours for time spent in 2018
researching the vaccine program. 10 (ECF No. 24-4.) This court has previously held that
“it is inappropriate for counsel to bill time for educating themselves about basic aspects
of the Vaccine Program.” Matthews v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 14-1111V,
2016 WL 2853910, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 18, 2016). In Calise v. Secretary of

10
   These entries are as follows (notably, some of these entries include block billing where otherwise
allowable tasks have also been included):

 1/8/2017     4.25
 1/10/2017    2.25
 1/4/2018     1.25
 1/7/2018     2.75


                                                     9
Health & Human Services, the special master reduced billings for “research into the
elementary principles of vaccine litigation,” explaining that, “basic education [is] not
compensable under the Program.” No. 08–865V, 2011 WL 2444810, at *5 (Fed. Cl.
Spec. Mstr. June 13, 2011). On the other hand, in the interest of fostering good
practices, some special masters have allowed a very limited number of hours for
educational purposes. Tison v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 89-43-V, 1990 WL
293369, at *2 (Cl. Ct. May 25, 1990) (reducing attorneys’ fees after finding petitioner
spent an excessive amount of time researching and reviewing the statute and legislative
history.) In this case, I find a reduction of 4 hours from Mr. Calvillo’s 2017 billing and 4
hours from his 2018 billing to be appropriate.

       More significant reductions are required with respect to Mr. Vasquez’s billing. On
sixteen separate occasions, and for 5.5 hours, Mr. Vasquez billed for conferral without
describing who he was conferring with or providing detail regarding what he was
conferring about. 11 (ECF No. 24-4.) These billings are impermissibly vague and
therefore not reasonable. Accordingly, Mr. Vasquez’s billings are reduced by 0.75
hours for 2017, 0.75 hours for 2018, and 3.75 hours for 2019.

       Additionally, Mr. Vasquez included entries which constitute block billing. The
Vaccine Program’s Guidelines for Practice explain that “[e]ach task should have its own
line entry indicating the amount of time spent on that task. Lumping together several
unrelated tasks in the same time entry frustrates the court’s ability to assess the



11
     These entries are as follows:

 11/3/2017      0.25
 11/6/2017      0.25
 11/8/2017      0.25
 11/9/2018      0.5
 1/22/2018      0.25
 3/8/2019       0.25
 3/11/2019      0.25
 3/13/2019      0.75
 4/3/2019       0.75
 4/17/2019      0.5
 4/30/2019      0.25
 5/7/2019       0.25
 5/31/2019      0.25
 6/20/2019      0.25
 7/30/2019      0.25
 7/31/2019      0.25



                                            10
reasonableness of the request.” 12 In his billing, Mr. Vasquez includes 15 hours of block
billing which include, among the multiple tasks listed, entries of unspecified conferral
similar to those disallowed above. 13 Mr. Vasquez’s billing records do not provide
sufficient detail to determine whether his hours billed were reasonable, therefore I will
compensate Mr. Vasquez for only 50% of the hours for which the billing entries are both
vague and the billing entry constitutes block billing. Mostovoy v. Sec'y of Health &
Human Servs., No. 02-10V, 2016 WL 720969, at *6 (Fed. Cl. Feb. 4, 2016.)
Accordingly, Mr. Vasquez’s billings are reduced by 4 hours for 2017, 0.625 hours for
2018, and 2.875 hours for 2019.

       I further stress that, notwithstanding his travel to meet with experts, Mr.
Vasquez’s involvement in this case is not well substantiated. In this program assigning
multiple attorneys to work on a case is disfavored due to the inefficiencies created in
what are not typically procedurally complex cases. See Sabella, 86 Fed. Cl. at 214–15;
Austin v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 10-362V, 2013 WL 659574, at *14 (Fed.
Cl. Spec. Mstr. Jan. 31, 2013); Soto v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 09–897V,
2011 WL 2269423, at *6 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 7, 2011); Carcamo v. Sec'y of
Health & Human Servs., No. 97–483V, 2011 WL 2413345, at *7 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.
May 20, 2011). This is especially notable in this case, because the allegations
presented are not complicated by the standards of this program and petitioner’s counsel
of record is a seasoned trial attorney unlikely to require supervision. Moreover, Mr.
Vasquez has no more experience in this program than does Mr. Calvillo and also lacks
Mr. Calvillo’s prior experience in injury litigation. Additionally, many if not most, of his

12
   Guidelines for Practice Under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (“Guidelines for
Practice”) at 70 (last revised August 22, 2019) found at http://www.cofc.uscourts.gov/vaccine-guidelines.
13
     These entries are as follows:

 10/20/2017       3
 10/23/2017       2.25
 10/25/2017       0.75
 10/26/2017       1
 10/27/2017       0.5
 11/13/2017       0.5
 1/24/2018        0.5
 1/30/2018        0.5
 3/7/2018         0.25
 3/6/2019         0.5
 3/19/2019        0.75
 3/28/2019        0.75
 4/5/2019         1.75
 4/6/2019         0.75
 4/7/2019         1.25




                                                    11
billing records lack sufficient specificity to evidence the nature of Mr. Vasquez’s role in
the case or determine how efforts were coordinated between the attorneys.
Accordingly, in addition to the specific reductions above, I reduce Mr. Vasquez’s
remaining hours in this case by a further 25%.

        Finally, this program does not pay for tasks which are secretarial in nature. Guy
v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 38 Fed. Cl. 403, 408 (1997) (denying compensation
for office overhead including office supplies, administrative or clerical staff, and
secretarial support.) Counsel requests 1.5 hours for work done by an administrative
assistant, “LKR.” These non-reimbursable administrative fees total $187.50. However, I
find no cause to reduce the paralegal hours billed in this case.

   VI.    Reasonable Costs

       On December 18, 2019, petitioner filed a Supplemental Motion for Attorney Fees
and Costs including itemized receipts for their requested costs. (ECF No. 32.)
Attorneys’ costs are subject to the same reasonableness requirements as attorneys’
fees. See Perriera v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 27 Fed. Cl. 29, 34 (1992), aff’d,
33 F.3d 1375.

         Petitioner’s counsel requested a total of $26,976.12 in costs, $22,150.00 of which
constitute expert and consultation fees. (ECF No. 32.) The bulk of that amount
represents fees by Dr. Jack Burks, a physician with qualifications in neurology and
immunology. Dr. Burks charged an hourly rate of $650 for 25 hours for a total of
$16,250.00. (ECF No. 32-1, p. 11.) Dr. Burks also charges a minimum review and
report fee of $5,000.00 (for which he did not provide itemized billing), bringing his total
bill to $21,250.00. (Id. at 10.) His hourly rate has not previously been addressed in this
program.

          a. Reasonable Expert Fees

        Reasonable expert costs are calculated using the same lodestar method as is
used when calculating attorneys’ fees. Masias v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No.
99-697V, 2009 WL 1838979, at *37 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 12, 2009). Regarding
expert fees, “[t]he question is not whether [the expert] expended the numbers of hours
claimed, but whether it was necessary or reasonable for him to do so.” Baker v. Sec’y
of Health & Human Servs., No. 99-653V, 2005 WL 6122529, at *4 (Fed. Cl. June 21,
2005) (quoting Wasson v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 90-208V,1991 WL
135015, at *3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 5, 1991), remanded, 24. Cl. Ct. 482, 483
(1991), aff’d, 988 F.2d 131 (Fed. Cir. 1993)). An expert retained by the petitioner in the
Vaccine Program will only be compensated at a reasonable hourly rate, and the
petitioners have the burden of demonstrating that the expert costs incurred were
reasonable. Ceballos v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 99–97V, 2004 WL
784910, at *13 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 25, 2004).

      Many Vaccine Program cases provide a framework for determining the
appropriate rate for experts in this program at a range between $250 and $500 an hour.

                                             12
See O'Neill v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 08–243V, 2015 WL 2399211, at *17
(Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 28, 2015) (awarding an hourly rate of $400 to an expert in
neurology); Dingle v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 08–579V, 2014 WL 630473,
at *8 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Jan. 24, 2014) (expert did not have “specialized knowledge
and experience” in the case to justify his requested hourly rate of $500 and, accordingly,
rate was reduced to $400 per hour); Allen v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 11–
051V, 2013 WL 5229796, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Aug. 23, 2013) (approving a rate of
$500 per hour for an expert in neurology and immunology and who also had expertise in
a pertinent area to the issue in the case); Chen Bou v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs.,
No. 04-1329V, 2007 WL 924495, at *10, *16 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 9, 2007)
(awarding an expert a rate of $350 per hour based in part on his poor performance in
testifying at hearing, but noting that “[b]ased upon the information submitted [ ], with the
appropriate set of facts the undersigned would have no issue with awarding the $500
requested by petitioner”)). Notably, these rates include experts in areas of study similar
to Dr. Burks. E.g., Allen, supra.

        The previously-accepted rate of $500 per hour does not constitute an absolute
ceiling on the reimbursement of reasonable expert costs. Rather, the reasonableness
of any given expert’s hourly rate will be based on individual factors such as credentials,
particular expertise, efficiency, and effectiveness. However, petitioner has not
established $650 as a reasonable hourly rate for Dr. Burks. Dr. Burks’s biography
confirms that his qualifications and experience are relevant to the facts of this case;
however, especially in light of his inexperience in the program, the hours expended in
this case, and his work product, petitioner has not provided a compelling reason to allow
a higher than usual rate of reimbursement. 14 Additionally, while Dr. Burks worked over
25 hours in this case for two reports, petitioner’s current expert, Dr. Levy, has estimated
that only two to three hours are necessary to review this matter and draft a report,
suggesting that Dr. Burks may be less efficient. Nonetheless, given Dr. Burks’s
experience in the field of neurology and immunology, I find that $500 per hour is an
appropriate hourly rate for Dr. Burks.

       Dr. Burks’s billing agreement indicates that his fees “will be paid with an initial
minimum review and report fee of $5,000.00, payment of which will be due upon the
execution of this agreement. Thereafter, once the initial payment is utilized, fee
statement for my services will be invoiced on a schedule determined by my schedule,
and as approved by you.” (ECF No. 32-1, p. 10.) Although the agreement referenced
an hourly rate of $750 per hour, the invoice reflects that an hourly rate of $650 per hour
was actually charged. (Id. at 11.) At a rate of $650 per hour, Dr. Burks’s initial retainer
would account for approximately 7.7 hours of work. Accordingly, for purposes of this
decision, Dr. Burks’s bill is understood to represent 32.7 hours of work billed at $650 per

14
   Though now reportedly retired, Dr. Burks indicated, as of the submission of his initial report, that he
was a clinical professor of neurology at Florida International University and Nova Southeastern University.
(ECF No. 1-8.) He noted his prior fellowship at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in
neuroimmunology and also explained that his career has focused on multiple sclerosis. He was a chief
medical consultant to the MS Association of America. (Id.) He was then licensed to practice medicine in
the state of Florida through January 31, 2018. (Id. at 2.)

                                                    13
hour. However, as describe in Section IV, above, I disallowed four hours of billing from
Dr. Burks’s invoice, resulting in total hours of 28.7.

               b. Miscellaneous costs

        Petitioner’s counsel also requested other miscellaneous fees including
“professional fees” paid to “JLE Ltd FR” ($34.99) and “Taylor & Francis FL” ($54.00).
(ECF No. 24-4, p. 12; ECF No. 32-1, pp. 31-32.) The purpose of these charges cannot
be determined on their face and they have not otherwise been explained. Accordingly,
they will not be reimbursed. Additionally, Mr. Calvillo seeks reimbursement of $54.24
for a “working meal” identified as a meeting with his client occurring May 31, 2017. (ECF
No. 24-4, p. 12.) Absent circumstances such as necessary hearing travel, I do not find
meal reimbursement to be a reasonable expense chargeable to this program.
Moreover, the billing records submitted indicate that no attorney time was billed on that
date. (ECF No. 24-4, p. 4.) The total of these miscellaneous expenses is $143.23.

      VII.     Calculating the Interim Award of Attorneys’ Fees and Costs

          In light of all of the above, attorneys’ fees are calculated as follows:

Mr. Calvillo:

             2017              $391 per hour               (36 hours) 15                 $14,076.00

             2018              $405 per hour               (16.25 hours) 16                $6,581.25

             2019              $413 per hour               (42.375 hours) 17             $17,500.88

             Total                                                                       $38,158.13

Mr. Vasquez:

             2017               $345 per hour               (6 hours) 18                   $2,070.00

             2018               $357 per hour               (2.25 hours) 19                  $803.25



15
     For 2017, 40 hours were billed. A reduction of 4 hours was made.
16
     For 2018 20.25 hours were billed. A reduction of 4 hours was made.
17
     For 2019, 46.75 hours were billed. A reduction of 4.375 hours was made.
18
   For 2017, 16.5 hours were billed. Reductions were made as follows: 0.75 hours, 4 hours, and 5.75
hours.
19
  For 2018, 4.25 hours were billed. Reductions were made as follows: 0.75 hours, 0.625 hours, and
0.625 hours.


                                                     14
         2019                $365 per hour               (5.5 hours) 20                  $2,007.50

         Total                                                                           $4,880.75

         Less                                                                            $3,660.57
         25%

Support Staff:

         Villegas            $148 per hour               (27 hours)                      $3,996.00

         Cain                $153 per hour               (1.3 hours)                        $198.90
         (2018)

         Cain                $156 per hour               (4.7 hours)                        $733.20
         (2019)

         Adkins              $148 per hour               (3.85 hours)                       $569.80
         (2017)

         Adkins              $153 per hour               (1 hour)                           $153.00
         (2018)

         Ramirez             n/a                         n/a                                   $0.00

         Total                                                                           $5,650.90


         In addition to the fees delineated above, petitioner requested costs amounting to
$27,522.55. Of this amount, $21,250.00 represented the costs associated with the work
of Dr. Burks. For the reasons discussed in Section VI(a) above, I reduce that amount to
$14,350.00 ($500 per hour x 28.7 hours), a reduction of $6,900.00. Additionally, in
Section IV, I identified $4,462.53 in travel expenses that will not be reimbursed. And,
finally, in Section VI(b), I identified a further $143.23 in other expenses that will not be
reimbursed. Accordingly, petitioner is awarded costs as follows:

Requested: $27,522.55
(less)     (-6,900.00)
           (-4,462.53)
           (-143.23)
Awarded: $16,016.79

      Thus, the total amount awarded in reasonable interim attorneys’ fees and costs is
$63,486.39, representing $47,469.60 in attorneys’ fees and $16,016.79 in costs.


20
  For 2019, 15.5 hours were billed. Reductions were made as follows: 3.75 hours, 2.875 hours, and
3.375 hours.

                                                  15
     VIII.   Conclusion

      In light of the above, petitioner’s application for interim attorneys’ fees and costs
is GRANTED with reductions and:

         Petitioner is awarded a lump sum in the amount of $63,486.39,
         representing reimbursement for interim attorneys’ fees and costs, in
         the form of a check made payable to petitioner and her counsel, David
         Neal Calvillo, Esq.

       In the absence of a motion for review filed pursuant to RCFC Appendix B, the
clerk of the court is directed to enter judgment herewith. 21


IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                                         s/Daniel T. Horner
                                                         Daniel T. Horner
                                                         Special Master




21
  Entry of judgment can be expedited by each party’s filing of a notice renouncing the right to seek
review. Vaccine Rule 11(a).

                                                    16
