                                                                                                                           Opinions of the United
2005 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


3-24-2005

Beck v. Consolidated Rail
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 04-1389




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Recommended Citation
"Beck v. Consolidated Rail" (2005). 2005 Decisions. Paper 1434.
http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2005/1434


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                                                            NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                   UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                        FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                             ___________

                                 No. 04-1389
                                 ___________


                          CHRISTOPHER J. BECK,

                                              Appellant

                                       v.

                   CONSOLIDATED RAIL CORPORATION
                            ___________


                On Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Western District of Pennsylvania
                           (D.C. Civil No. 00-cv-00727)
                District Judge: The Honorable Robert J. Cindrich
                                  ___________

                   Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                March 7, 2005

           Before: NYGAARD, McKEE, and RENDELL, Circuit Judges.


                            (Filed March 24, 2005)

                                 ___________

                          OPINION OF THE COURT
                               ___________

NYGAARD, Circuit Judge.
              Christopher J. Beck appeals from the denial of his post trial motions

following a verdict in favor of Appellee Consolidated Rail Corporation. We have

jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and will affirm.

                                             I.

              Beck was injured while working as an engineer for Conrail. As a result, he

filed a lawsuit against Conrail under the Federal Employer’s Liability Act. At trial, Beck

and his treating physician testified that, because of the injury, he was unable to perform

his job as an engineer. A jury returned a verdict in favor of Beck on his FELA claim and

awarded him $760,559.

              Four months after the conclusion of his FELA trial, Beck attempted to

return to his position with Conrail. Conrail denied his request. Beck then brought the

present action, claiming a violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. §

12101 et seq., and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. § 794 et seq. The case went

to trial only as to the Rehab Act claim, and on September 10, 2003, a jury returned a

verdict in favor of Conrail. Beck filed various post-trial motions, each of which were

denied by the District Court by Memorandum Order filed January 12, 2004. This appeal

followed.

                                             II.

              Beck asserts three errors from the denial of his post-trial motions: (1) that

the District Court erred by permitting Conrail to introduce evidence concerning the term



                                              2
“judicial estoppel” when the District Court had determined that judicial estoppel would

not be valid as a defense to the Rehab Act claim; (2) that the District Court erred by

allowing into evidence the transcript testimony of Beck’s physician from the prior FELA

lawsuit; and (3) that the District Court erred by not granting his motion for judgment as a

matter of law, brought pursuant to Rule 50 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. We

find none of these claims of error to be meritorious.

                                              A.

              It appears that Conrail originally sought to argue that Beck, having testified

during the FELA trial that he was disabled, was precluded from now claiming that he was

not disabled under the doctrine of judicial estoppel. The District Court ruled that judicial

estoppel would not be submitted to the jury as a defense to the Rehab Act claim. It also

ruled, however, that Conrail was not prohibited from using the term judicial estoppel

during the trial. As a result, Conrail argued at trial that the real reason it refused to allow

Beck to return to his position was not because it actually regarded him as disabled—as

Beck claimed—but because it subjectively believed that the doctrine of judicial estoppel

precluded Beck from claiming that he was not disabled. Put differently, Conrail’s

argument concerning judicial estoppel was not that the doctrine operates as a defense to a

Rehab Act claim, but rather that its subjective belief that the doctrine provides a

defense—as opposed to a belief that Beck was disabled—was the real reason for its

actions.



                                               3
              Beck contends that the District Court erred by permitting this argument to

be presented to the jury because it is a question of law. We review rulings concerning the

admissibility of evidence under the abuse of discretion standard, West v. Philadelphia

Elec. Co., 45 F.3d 744, 752 (3d Cir. 1995), and we reject Beck’s argument. It is true that

the applicability of the defense of judicial estoppel would be a question of law, but that

was not the defense presented by Conrail. Instead, Conrail argued a question of fact:

whether its decision was based on a determination that Beck was disabled or a

determination—correct or not—that he was judicially estopped from bringing his claims.

Accordingly, we hold that the District Court did not abuse of discretion in permitting

Conrail to argue this question of fact to the jury.

                                              B.

              Beck next contends that the District Court erred by admitting into evidence

a transcript of the testimony of Beck’s treating physician, Dr. Kuhlengel, from the FELA

case. This testimony detailed the extent of Beck’s physical limitations after his injury.

Beck argues that the evidence was inadmissible as irrelevant and as hearsay. Again, we

hold that the District Court did not err.

              Of course, only relevant evidence is admissible. F ED. R. E VID. 402.

Evidence is relevant if it has “any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of

consequence to the determination of the action more or less probable than it would be

without the evidence.” F ED. R. E VID. 401. The central fact in consequence at trial was



                                               4
the rationale behind Conrail’s decision not to allow Beck to reclaim his position.

Evidence that Beck previously claimed to be disabled could reasonably make it more

probable that Conrail’s proffered reason was in fact genuine. Because it is undisputed

that the decision-makers at Conrail were aware of Dr. Kuhlengel’s testimony prior to not

letting Beck return, the evidence is relevant.

              Beck’s claim that the evidence is inadmissible hearsay is similarly

unpersuasive. Hearsay is “a statement, other than one made by the declarant while

testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter

asserted.” F ED. R. E VID. 801(c) (emphasis added). Conrail did not offer the testimony in

question in order to prove the truth of its contents. It offered the testimony as evidence of

its subjective belief that Beck was judicially estopped from claiming that he was not

disabled because he had presented evidence in a prior trial that he was. Thus, it is not

hearsay. For that reason, and because it was relevant, the District Court did not abuse its

discretion in admitting the transcript as evidence.

                                              C.

              Beck argues, finally, that the District Court erred by not granting his post-

trial Rule 50 motion for judgment as a matter of law. Our review on this question is

plenary. Carswell v. Borough of Homestead, 381 F.3d 235, 240 (3d Cir. 2004).

Judgment as a matter of law may be proper when “a party has been fully heard on an issue

and there is no legally sufficient evidentiary basis for a reasonable jury to find for that



                                                 5
party on that issue. . . .” F ED. R. C IV. P RO. 50(a). Conrail presented sufficient evidence

that its reason for not permitting Beck to return to work was non-discriminatory. Its

evidence, in part, consisted of testimony from Stuart Schwartz, Conrail regional claims

counsel, who made the ultimate decision to terminate Beck. Schwartz testified that

Conrail’s actions were motivated by a belief that the doctrine of judicial estoppel applied,

a non-discriminatory reason, and not by a belief that Beck was disabled, a discriminatory

one. Based on this testimony, a reasonable jury could have found in favor of Conrail on

the Rehab Act claim. Therefore, the District Court did not err by refusing to grant Beck’s

Rule 50 motion for judgment as a matter of law.

                                              III.

              Because we find no merit in any of Beck’s claims of error, we affirm the

District Court’s denial of his post-trial motions.




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