      TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN


                                      NO. 03-04-00810-CV



                   Jon Maniccia and Southwest Intelecom, Inc., Appellants

                                                 v.

                                     John Collins, Appellee


     FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 201ST JUDICIAL DISTRICT
       NO. GN401779, HONORABLE MARGARET A. COOPER, JUDGE PRESIDING



                            MEMORANDUM OPINION


               John Collins and Jon Maniccia were the owners of Southwest Intelecom, Inc.,

(“Intelecom”). As part of its business operations, Intelecom received periodic payments from

various collection agencies, including Billing Concepts; Integretel, Inc. (“Integretel”); and Aargon

Collection Agency (“Aargon”). In 2002, Collins and Maniccia began having disagreements over

how to run Intelecom. As a result of these differences, in July 2002, Collins, Maniccia, and

Intelecom entered into a Stock Repurchase Agreement and Mutual Release (the “Agreement”) under

which Collins agreed to sell all of his stock back to Intelecom. As compensation, Collins was

entitled to receive one-half of whatever amount of money Billing Concepts, Integretel, and Aargon

paid Intelecom. After the Agreement was signed, Intelecom received $81,000 from Billing

Concepts, $42,533.28 from Integretel, and $7,148.04 from Aargon for a total of $130,681.32.
               Collins asked Intelecom to pay him one-half of the amounts paid to Intelecom by the

previously mentioned companies, but Intelecom refused to pay him. Eventually, Collins filed suit

against Intelecom and Maniccia, seeking to recover one-half of the money received by Intelecom.

He also filed a motion for summary judgment, which the district court ultimately granted. In its

judgment, the court ordered that Collins was entitled to one-half of the $130,681.32 collected

($65,340.66) plus attorney’s fees. Intelecom and Maniccia appeal the judgment of the district court.


                                   STANDARD OF REVIEW

               The standards for obtaining a traditional summary judgment are well established: the

movant must show that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that he is entitled to judgment

as a matter of law; in deciding whether there is a disputed material fact issue precluding summary

judgment, the court must take evidence favorable to the nonmovant as true, indulge every reasonable

inference in favor of the nonmovant, and resolve any doubts in the nonmovant’s favor. Sergeant

Enters., Inc. v. Strayhorn, 112 S.W.3d 241, 245 (Tex. App.—Austin 2003, no pet.) (citing Cathey

v. Booth, 900 S.W.2d 339, 341 (Tex. 1995); Nixon v. Mr. Prop. Mgmt. Co., 690 S.W.2d 546, 548-49

(Tex. 1985)); see Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c). If the movant establishes a right to summary judgment,

the burden shifts to the nonmovant, who must present summary-judgment evidence to the trial court

raising a genuine issue of material fact to preclude summary judgment. Cannon v. Texas Indep.

Bank, 1 S.W.3d 218, 223 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1999, pet. denied). If the evidence raises no more

than a surmise or suspicion of a fact in issue, no genuine issue of fact exists to defeat summary

judgment. Selz v. Friendly Chevrolet, Ltd., 152 S.W.3d 833, 837 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2005, no pet.)

(citing Wiggins v. Overstreet, 962 S.W.2d 198, 200 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1998,

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writ denied)). We review the trial court’s decision to grant summary judgment de novo. Sergeant

Enters., Inc., 112 S.W.3d at 245 (citing Natividad v. Alexsis, Inc., 875 S.W.2d 695, 699 (Tex. 1994)).


                                           DISCUSSION

                On appeal, Maniccia and Intelecom contend that the district court erred when it

granted Collins’s summary-judgment motion. Essentially, they argue that the district court

improperly interpreted the portion of the Agreement specifying what amounts Collins was entitled

to recover. In their first argument, they contend that the Agreement unambiguously requires that

certain offsets be applied before Collins recovers his award. Alternatively, Maniccia and Intelecom

contend that if the language does not unambiguously require offsets to Collins’s recovery, the

language is ambiguous as to what effect the listing of certain costs in the Agreement has on Collins’s

recovery. Because of this ambiguity, they urge this Court to consider extrinsic evidence to ascertain

the meaning of the relevant provision, including an email sent by Collins to Intelecom’s lawyer.

                Determining whether a contract is ambiguous is a question of law for courts to decide.

General Agents Ins. Co. v. Arredondo, 52 S.W.3d 762, 766 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2001,

pet. denied). If a contract is subject to more than one reasonable interpretation, then it is ambiguous.

Id. However, a contract is unambiguous if it can be given a definite or certain meaning, and

conflicting interpretations of a contract by the parties, without more, do not create an ambiguity. See

id. If a contract is unambiguous, courts must enforce the contract as written. Trinity Indus., Inc. v.

Ashland, Inc., 53 S.W.3d 852, 859 (Tex. App.—Austin 2001, pet. denied). Further, if the contract

is unambiguous, parole evidence may not be admitted for the purpose of creating an ambiguity.

National Union Fire Ins. Co. v. CBI Indus., Inc., 907 S.W.2d 517, 520 (Tex. 1995). It is only after

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a court has determined that an agreement is ambiguous that a court may consider extraneous

evidence to determine the meaning of the agreement. Id.

               The Agreement explains that Collins was entitled to recover one-half of any money

Intelecom “received” from Billing Concepts, Integretel, and Aargon. The relevant portion of the

Agreement specifying Collins’s compensation provides as follows:


       By signing below, Collins agrees to sell his stock to Intelecom for the payment
       of one-half of any monies received by Intelecom from Billing Concepts, expressly
       acknowledging that Intelecom may receive no monies from Billing Concepts. . . .
       To the extent that funds from Billing Concepts are received after the obligation to
       RFC is satisfied, payment will be made to Collins within fourteen (14) days
       thereafter. . . . These monies will be the sole amounts to be received by Collins in
       exchange for his stock, regardless of any other recoveries, payments, profits, or
       amounts received by Intelecom or Maniccia at any time after the execution of this
       agreement except as expressly follows: as additional consideration for the stock,
       Intelecom will also pay one-half of any sums received on account of the billing
       records sent to Integretel for collection, to include monies received from Aargon, the
       collection agency presently seeking payment on said reports; as additional
       consideration for the stock, Intelecom will pay Collins one-half of any sums received
       on the judgment that has been taken against Frank Murillo in Southwest Intelecom
       v. Murillo . . . .


(Emphasis added.)

               However, Maniccia and Intelecom both insist that, under the Agreement, Collins’s

recovery was subject to offsets both before and after Intelecom received money from Billing

Concepts, Integretel, and Aargon. First, Maniccia and Intelecom argue that before paying Intelecom,

Billing Concepts was required to apply the money collected to two of Intelecom’s financial

obligations. The first obligation was to RFC, which is a third-party vendor. The second obligation

was to the attorney general. Maniccia and Intelecom insist that the obligation to pay the attorney



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general resulted from an inquiry made by the Consumer Protection Division and that the payments

covered costs incurred through the investigation. They further insist that the district court erred by

failing to reduce Collins’s recovery to account for these offsets. The portion of the Agreement

relevant to this argument provides as follows:


       Said payment from Billing Concepts to Intelecom will be made upon full satisfaction
       of Intelecom’s obligations to RFC and the Texas Attorney General’s office. . . .
       Money received from RFC Capital or the Attorney General of Texas on account of
       overpayment of funds to them by Billing Concepts will be considered monies
       received from Billing Concepts for purposes of this paragraph.


               Collins disagrees with Maniccia and Intelecom’s interpretation of the language

above. He asserts that the quoted portions of the Agreement only affected the timing of his ultimate

recovery, not the amount of his ultimate recovery. Essentially, he argues that the sentence merely

described the circumstances under which Billing Concepts was obligated to pay Intelecom and

related that Billing Concepts was not obligated to pay Intelecom until after Intelecom had satisfied

its own financial obligations to RFC and the attorney general.

               As a preliminary matter, we note that the language Maniccia and Intelecom claim

proves that Collins’s award was subject to pre-payment offsets only refers to payments from Billing

Concepts and makes no reference to money Intelecom received from Aargon and Integretel.

Consequently, we fail to see how Maniccia and Intelecom’s interpretation would justify reducing

Collins’s entitlement to half the money Aargon and Integretel paid to Intelecom. Regardless, we

need not determine which of the parties’ competing interpretations correctly reflects their intentions

when entering the Agreement.        No matter which interpretation is correct, the Agreement



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unambiguously states that Collins is entitled to “one-half of any monies received from Billing

Concepts,” Integretel, and Aargon. It is undisputed that Intelecom received $81,000 from Billing

Concepts, $42,533.28 from Integretel, and $7,148.04 from Aargon, and Collins is, therefore, entitled

to one-half of the total of those three amounts. If Billing Concepts was under some obligation to

apply the money that it collected to satisfy some of Intelecom’s financial obligations but failed to

comply with that requirement—a determination we cannot make in this appeal—that failure cannot

be used to undo the fact that Intelecom received $81,000 from Billing Concepts, nor can it be used

to justify a type of after-payment offset not authorized by the Agreement between Collins, Maniccia,

and Intelecom.

                 In addition to before-payment offsets, Maniccia and Intelecom also assert that the

Agreement provides for offsets to Collins’s recovery that were to be applied after Billing Concepts,

Aargon, and Integretel transferred the money they collected to Intelecom and further assert that

Collins was only entitled to recover if the amount Intelecom collected was greater than the value of

the offsets. Specifically, Maniccia and Intelecom insist that, before paying Collins, they were

required to use the money they collected to pay delinquent-contractor commissions and certain legal

fees. The portion of the Agreement relevant to this argument provides as follows:


       Intelecom further guarantees that—until Collins receives his half—such funds will
       not be used to satisfy any of its other accumulated debts, aside from delinquent
       contractor commissions and legal fees incurred solely as a result of the pending
       Illinois case and the RFC/[Billing Concepts] disputes.


                 We disagree with Maniccia and Intelecom’s interpretation. First, we note that as

discussed previously, the relevant sentence quoted above makes no reference to money collected

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from Aargon and Integretel. The sentence is found immediately after the sentences describing

Collins’s entitlement to half the money collected from Billing Concepts, and the phrase “such funds”

is a specific reference to that money. Moreover, the relevant sentence comes well before the

sentence stating that Collins was entitled to one-half of the funds transferred from Aargon and

Integretel, and that subsequent sentence provides no modification to Collins’s entitlement to those

funds. For all these reasons, we believe that the provision previously quoted has no bearing on

Collins’s entitlement to one-half of the money Intelecom received from Aargon and Integretel.

                Second, we also disagree with Maniccia and Intelecom’s construction of the sentence

as authorizing an offset to Collins’s entitlement to the money Intelecom received from Billing

Concepts. The primary component of the sentence ensures that before Collins was able to collect

his entitlement, Intelecom did not use the money received from Billing Concepts to pay Intelecom’s

debts. Further, although the sentence does list delinquent-contractor commissions and legal fees as

exceptions to this hold requirement, the sentence in no way states that Collins’s entitlement to one-

half of the money collected from Billing Concepts should be reduced to account for those costs. On

the contrary, the sentence again clarifies that Collins is entitled to a full, unadjusted half of the funds

received from Billing Concepts by including the phrase “until Collins receives his half” in reference

to those funds. While the sentence may have authorized Intelecom to use its one-half of the money

received from Billing Concepts to pay delinquent commissions and legal fees, it does not authorize

Intelecom to use Collins’s half of the funds for these same purposes.

                For these reasons, we conclude that the relevant language of the Agreement can be

given a definite and certain meaning and is, therefore, unambiguous. Therefore, we need not address



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Maniccia and Intelecom’s alternative assertion that the Agreement is ambiguous and that parole

evidence should be used to ascertain the meaning of the Agreement. We further conclude that

nothing in the Agreement authorizes a reduction to Collins’s entitlement to the money Intelecom

received from Aargon and Integretel and that the Agreement does not allow for offsets to Collins’s

recovery after Intelecom received money from Billing Concepts. In light of the preceding, we must

conclude that there is no genuine issue of material fact relating to Collins’s recovery and that he was

entitled to one half of the money collected from Billing Concepts, Integretel, and Aargon as a matter

of law. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the district court.




                                               David Puryear, Justice

Before Chief Justice Law, Justices Patterson and Puryear

Affirmed

Filed: August 17, 2007




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