                 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                              AT JACKSON
                                  October 17, 2000 Session

  HAROLD ANGUS v. WESTERN HERITAGE INSURANCE COMPANY

                Direct Appeal from the Chancery Court for Madison County
                          No. 51235    Joe C. Morris, Chancellor



                  No. W2000-00902-COA-R3-CV - Filed November 13, 2000


This appeal arises from a dispute between Contractor and Insurer over insurance coverage during
a building demolition project. During the project, Contractor knowingly damaged an adjacent
structure. When suit was brought against Contractor by the owners of the adjacent structure, Insurer
refused coverage. The trial court found Insurers’ policy and endorsement to be ambiguous and thus
unenforceable. We disagree, finding that the policy and endorsement are not ambiguous and that
they clearly state that Insurer will provide no coverage for intentional damage to other structures.
We reverse the trial court’s ruling and find that Insurer is not liable under the policy.

  Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Reversed; and
                                        Remanded

DAVID R. FARMER , J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ALAN E. HIGHERS and HOLLY K.
LILLARD, J.J., joined.

John S. Little, Jackson, Tennessee, for the appellant, Western Heritage Insurance Company.

Phillip L. Davidson, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellee, Harold Angus.

                                            OPINION

       In 1992, Mr. Harold Angus purchased a general liability insurance policy from Western
Heritage Insurance Company (Western). In 1993, the City of Jackson awarded him a contract to
demolish a building known as Buddie’s Pawn Shop. As per city regulations, Mr. Angus was
required to have general liability insurance before beginning work. As he had done several times
in the past, Mr. Angus purchased an endorsement to his 1992 general liability policy. This
endorsement covered the “wrecking of buildings,” specifically Buddie’s Pawn Shop.

        Buddie’s Pawn Shop was a building that had a shared wall or “party wall” with a second
structure. All parties understood that the second structure would most likely be damaged in some
way as the demolition project would require the removal of this party wall. Indeed, after the
completion of the demolition, the owners of the adjoining structure alleged that they suffered heavy
damage to both their building and their business as a result of the project. They claimed they were
eventually forced to close due to this damage and brought suit against Mr. Angus for their losses.

        Mr. Angus sought coverage under his insurance policy with Western who refused to cover
him under these circumstances. Western claimed that Mr. Angus had intentionally and knowingly
damaged the adjoining property and thus was not covered under their policy. Mr. Angus claimed
that Western had modified the coverage to include such damage. In addition, he claimed that the
endorsement he purchased rendered the original contract ambiguous and unenforceable. Mr. Angus
also asserted that the extent of the damages was unforeseen and thus he should be covered under the
policy.

         The trial court found that insurance agents acting on behalf of Western had modified the
terms of the original contract by endorsing the demolition project and accepting additional
premiums. The court reasoned that, as Western had endorsed a project where all parties knew
damages would most likely result, this endorsement rendered terms of the original contract denying
coverage ambiguous and unenforceable. In addition, the trial court found that the actions by Mr.
Angus in his demolition did not produce foreseeable damages. As such, the court found Western
liable under its insurance policy for the damages caused by Mr. Angus’s demolition.

       The issue, as we perceive it, is as follows:

       Did the trial court err in failing to find that the policy clearly excluded coverage for the
       actions of Mr. Angus which gave rise to this suit?

To the extent that these issues involve questions of fact, our review of the trial court’s ruling is de
novo with a presumption of correctness. See Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d). Accordingly, we may not
reverse the court’s factual findings unless they are contrary to the preponderance of the evidence.
See, e.g., Randolph v. Randolph, 937 S.W.2d 815, 819 (Tenn. 1996); Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d). With
respect to the court’s legal conclusions, however, our review is de novo with no presumption of
correctness. See, e.g., Bell ex rel. Snyder v. Icard, Merrill, Cullis, Timm, Furen and Ginsburg,
P.A., 986 S.W.2d 550, 554 (Tenn. 1999); Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d). The interpretation of a written
contract is a matter of law, and thus, no presumption of correctness in its interpretation exists. See
NSA DBA Benefit Plan, Inc. v. Connecticut Gen. Life Ins. Co., 968 S.W.2d 791 (Tenn. Ct. App.
1997).

                                          Policy Coverage

        The parties' respective rights and obligations are governed by their contract of insurance
whose terms are embodied in the policy. As with any other contract, our responsibility is to give
effect to the expressed intention of the parties, Blaylock & Brown Construction, Inc. v. AIU
Insurance Co., 796 S.W.2d 146, 149 (Tenn. Ct. App.1990), by construing the policy fairly and
reasonably, Demontbreun v. CNA Insurance. Cos., 822 S.W.2d 619, 621 (Tenn. Ct. App.1991);

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Dixon v. Gunter, 636 S.W.2d 437, 441 (Tenn. Ct. App.1982), and by giving the policy's language
its common and ordinary meaning. Tata v. Nichols, 848 S.W.2d 649, 650 (Tenn. 1993); Parker
v. Provident Life & Accident Ins. Co., 582 S.W.2d 380, 383 (Tenn. 1979). We are not at liberty
to rewrite an insurance policy simply because we do not favor its terms or because its provisions
produce harsh results. In the absence of fraud, overreaching, or unconscionability, the courts must
give effect to an insurance policy if its language is clear and its intent certain. Quintana v.
Tennessee Farmers Mut. Ins. Co., 774 S.W.2d 630, 632 (Tenn. Ct. App.1989). Black v. Aetna Ins.
Co., 909 S.W.2d 1, 3 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1995).

         Upon examination of Mr. Angus’s 1992 general liability policy, it is clear from the language
of the policy that it provided coverage only for an “occurrence.” In the policy, an occurrence is
defined as “an accident, including continuous or repeated exposure to conditions, which results in
bodily injury or property damage neither expected nor intended from the standpoint of the insured.”
The policy also excluded coverage for “moving, shoring, underpinning, raising or demolition of any
building or structure or removal or rebuilding of any structural support.” However, the 1993
endorsement altered the terms of the general liability policy by removing the exclusion providing
no coverage for the demolition of buildings. The endorsement states “[i]t is agreed that [the
exception to coverage under the general liability policy] does not include bodily injury or property
damage arising out of . . . any operation, described in this endorsement, conducted by or on behalf
of the named insured. Description of Premises and Operations: WRECKING OF BUILDINGS.” As
such, it is clear that Mr. Angus was covered under his 1992 general liability policy as it was altered
by the 1993 endorsement for the “wrecking of buildings.”

         However, further study of the endorsement reveals that, in addition to changing the coverage
under the general liability policy, the endorsement also included the following statement: “All other
Terms and Conditions of [the original general liability] Policy remain unchanged.” It is thus clear
from the plain language of the endorsement that the endorsement (1)modified the exclusions of the
original general liability policy to allow for the demolition of buildings and (2) maintained all other
terms and conditions of the original policy. We find no ambiguity in the language of this
endorsement. The endorsement clearly intended that Mr. Angus could demolish buildings and have
liability coverage for “occurrences” that arose during the demolition. However, the endorsement did
not alter the general liability policy’s exclusion of coverage for intentional or expected damages.

        The evidence is undisputed that Mr. Angus intended to remove the party wall during his
demolition of Buddie’s Pawn Shop. It is also undisputed that Mr. Angus understood that the very
act of removing this wall would most likely result in damage to the adjoining structure. Thus, the
property damage was expected and intended from the standpoint of Mr. Angus. By the language of
the general liability policy as referred to by the endorsement, any damage caused by an intentional
act could not be an “occurrence.” As the damage was not caused by an occurrence, it was not
covered under the endorsement issued by Western.

       We find no ambiguity in the language in either the endorsement or the policy. The language
in both documents is clear, and the intent of the parties is easily ascertainable. As such, we are


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required to give the endorsement its intended effect. The trial court’s finding that Western is liable
for the damage caused by Mr. Angus’s intentional actions during his demolition project is hereby
reversed.

                                            Conclusion

         Based on the foregoing conclusions, we hereby reverse the trial court’s judgment. Cost on
appeal are assessed against the appellee, Harold Angus, and his surety, for which execution may
issue if necessary.


                                                       ___________________________________
                                                       DAVID R. FARMER, JUDGE




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