                          STATE OF MICHIGAN

                           COURT OF APPEALS



PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,                                   UNPUBLISHED
                                                                   January 6, 2015
              Plaintiff-Appellee,

v                                                                  No. 317185
                                                                   Kent Circuit Court
DOUGLAS TARAS JOHNSON, JR.,                                        LC No. 12-008624-FH

              Defendant-Appellant.


Before: BOONSTRA, P.J., and DONOFRIO and GLEICHER, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

       Defendant pleaded guilty to obtaining money by false pretenses, $1,000 or more but less
than $20,000, MCL 750.218(4)(a). The trial court sentenced defendant as a second-offense
habitual offender, MCL 769.10, to 2 to 7-1/2 years’ imprisonment. Defendant appeals his
sentence by leave granted.1 We affirm.

                  I. PERTINENT FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

        On April 24, 2012, defendant accepted $1,500 from the victim, Laurel Ellis, in exchange
for defendant’s agreement to represent Ellis in a federal court case. Defendant is not a licensed
attorney. According to the presentence investigation report (PSIR) filed in this case, suspicion
that defendant had misrepresented himself as an attorney arose when defendant failed to appear
for Ellis’s scheduled court dates.

       On March 14, 2013, defendant pleaded guilty to a single count of false pretenses as a
second-offense habitual offender. In exchange, the prosecution agreed to dismiss the
supplemental information charging defendant as a fourth-offense habitual offender. In addition,
the prosecution agreed to arrange for the dismissal of a case pending against defendant in Ottawa
County involving the same type of conduct, provided that defendant paid restitution in both
cases.



1
  People v Douglas Taras Johnson, Jr, unpublished order of the Court of Appeals, entered
September 4, 2013 (Docket No. 317185).


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        Sentencing was held on April 23, 2013. At the hearing, the prosecution objected to
several of the probation department’s recommendations with respect to defendant’s prior record
variables (PRVs) and offense variables (OVs) contained in the sentencing information report
(SIR). Relevant to this appeal, the prosecution objected to the probation department’s
recommendation that OV 19—interference with the administration of justice—be scored at zero
points. Rather, the prosecution argued that OV 19 should be scored at 10 points. In support of
that score, the prosecution argued that 10 points under OV 19 was justified because defendant
fraudulently held himself out to be an attorney on two separate occasions and charged the
victims for his sham services. With respect to Ellis, “[t]he potential consequences . . . could have
been extreme.” Defendant objected, arguing that the “spirit” of OV 19 was to score points where
a defendant interfered with the police or courts, for example, by committing perjury. In this
case, defendant never engaged in such conduct, and further never appeared in court on behalf of
Ellis or otherwise interfered with anything in that case. Defendant additionally argued that the
trial court could not consider the circumstances of defendant’s conduct in Ottawa County
pursuant to People v McGraw, 484 Mich 120; 771 NW2d 655 (2009), as that conduct was not
part of the sentencing offense. After hearing the parties’ arguments, the trial court stated:

               All right. Whatever the defendant did or didn’t do in both of the cases, the
       one here in Kent County in the Federal Court matter and the one in Ottawa
       County, the defendant held himself out as a lawyer. And as such, it seems to me
       and I’ll take it here that we should be dealing for scoring with the charge in front
       of me rather than the one in Ottawa County, so I’ll concede to the defendant on
       that one.

               But the one here in Kent County, by leading the victim to believe that he
       or she was appropriately represented by a lawyer certainly impacted the
       administration of justice, I believe, significantly. If nothing else, it caused even
       the courts to have to do things differently and to do more things than normally
       would be required, and it delayed things when it was found out that he wasn’t
       appearing in court, things of that nature. I think clearly the proper administration
       of justice in the Federal Court matter was impacted rather significantly by the
       defendant’s fraudulent action in this particular matter, and I think should be
       scored – and I think it’s appropriately scored at 10 points.

       Defendant was thereafter sentenced as described above. This appeal followed, limited to
defendant’s challenge to the trial court’s decision to score 10 points under OV 19.

                                  II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

        Under the sentencing guidelines, this Court reviews a trial court’s factual determinations
for clear error to determine if they are supported by a preponderance of the evidence. People v
Hardy, 494 Mich 430, 438; 835 NW2d 340 (2013). “Whether the facts, as found, are adequate to
satisfy the scoring conditions prescribed by statute, i.e., the application of the facts to the law, is
a question of statutory interpretation, which an appellate court reviews de novo.” Id.




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                                          III. ANALYSIS

        OV 19 addresses threats to security and interference with the administration of justice. In
pertinent part, it provides that 10 points may be scored where a defendant “otherwise interfered
with or attempted to interfere with the administration of justice.” MCL 777.49(c).

        In scoring 10 points under OV 19, the trial court reasoned that defendant’s conduct
caused the federal court “to have to do things differently and to do more things than normally
would be required, and it delayed things when it was found out that [defendant] wasn’t appearing
in court . . . .” Defendant argues that his conduct in this case—i.e., falsely representing himself
as an attorney and accepting a “retainer” from Ellis—did not interfere with the administration of
justice. We disagree.

        MCL 777.49 does not define the phrase “interfere with the administration of justice.”
However, this Court addressed the meaning of that phrase in People v Hershey, 303 Mich App
330; 844 NW2d 127 (2013). Using the dictionary definitions of the various terms within the
phrase, this Court concluded that “the plain and ordinary meaning of ‘interfere with the
administration of justice’ for purposes of OV 19 is to oppose so as to hamper, hinder, or obstruct
the act or process of administering judgment of individuals or causes by judicial process.” Id. at
342-343 (citations omitted). OV 19 may be scored when the sentencing offense itself, rather
than post-offense conduct, involves interference with the administration of justice. See People v
Underwood, 278 Mich App 334, 339-340; 750 NW2d 612 (2008).

        In this case, defendant accepted money from Ellis under the guise of being an attorney
who would represent Ellis in federal court. Ellis only learned that defendant was not actually an
attorney when defendant failed to appear for Ellis’s scheduled court dates. We find that
defendant’s conduct fits squarely within OV 19 as an interference with the administration of
justice. It was reasonable for the trial court to infer from this evidence that Ellis was left without
the benefit of representation by a licensed attorney during hearings in federal court. See People
v Loper, 299 Mich App 451, 460; 830 NW2d 836 (2013) (a trial court may rely on reasonable
inferences from the record evidence when scoring offense variables). In turn, it was reasonable
for the trial court to infer that appearing in federal court unrepresented—when it was not Ellis’s
intention to do so—“hamper[ed], hinder[ed], or obstructed[ed] the act or process of
administering judgment” in Ellis’s federal case at least to some extent, as that court was required

to address and resolve Ellis’s situation. See US Const, Am VI. Accordingly, the trial court’s
scoring decision was supported by a preponderance of the evidence and not in error.2



2
  Defendant’s PSIR reflects that Ellis hired and paid defendant to represent him in a pending
federal court case, and that “[s]uspicions arose when the defendant failed to appear for Court
dates in the Federal Court.” Our dissenting colleague nonetheless would find the scoring of OV
19 to be improper, concluding that the record does not adequately reflect the precise nature of the
effect of defendant’s conduct on the federal court proceedings. We conclude, however, that
evidence as to the precise nature of the effect is unnecessary, and that the record evidence of

                                                 -3-
       Affirmed.

                                                            /s/ Mark T. Boonstra
                                                            /s/ Pat M. Donofrio




defendant’s failure to appear (on behalf of his putative client) for court dates in a federal court
proceeding is sufficient to support the scoring of OV 19. Further, defendant does not present the
argument offered by our dissenting colleague, and instead bases his challenge to the scoring of
OV 19 solely on his contention, which we reject, that OV 19 is properly scored only for conduct
such as “intimidation of witnesses or perjury,” and that falsely representing oneself as an
attorney (and failure to appear for scheduled court dates on behalf of a putative client) is no
different than purporting to be a licensed hairdresser or CPA. While our dissenting colleague
would remand on the basis of arguments not presented on appeal, this Court generally does not
address issues not raised on appeal. See Tingley v Kortz, 262 Mich App 583, 588; 688 NW2d
291 (2004). We see no reason to exempt this case from the general rule.


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