                           NOTICE: NOT FOR PUBLICATION.
    UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION DOES NOT CREATE
           LEGAL PRECEDENT AND MAY NOT BE CITED EXCEPT AS AUTHORIZED.




                                     IN THE
              ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
                                 DIVISION ONE


                            AUTUMN R., Appellant,

                                         v.

           DEPARTMENT OF CHILD SAFETY, 1 P.W., Appellees.

                              No. 1 CA-JV 14-0120
                               FILED 10-30-2014


            Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
                              No. JD23048
                                   JS12354
                 The Honorable Daniel G. Martin, Judge

                                   AFFIRMED


                                    COUNSEL

Denise L. Carroll, Scottsdale
Counsel for Appellant

Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Tucson
By Erika Z. Alfred
Counsel for Appellee Department of Child Safety




1     Pursuant to S.B. 1001, Section 157, 51st Leg., 2nd Spec. Sess. (Ariz.
2014) (enacted), the Department of Child Safety is substituted for the
Arizona Department of Economic Security in this matter. See ARCAP 27.
                        AUTUMN R. v. DCS, P.W.
                          Decision of the Court



                      MEMORANDUM DECISION

Presiding Judge Margaret H. Downie delivered the decision of the Court,
in which Judge Andrew W. Gould and Judge Samuel A. Thumma joined.


D O W N I E, Judge:

¶1           Autumn R. (“Mother”) appeals the juvenile court’s order
terminating her parental rights. For the following reasons, we affirm.

                FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2           P.W. was born in July 2009 and initially lived with Mother
and Father in Arizona.2 In 2010, Father took P.W. to visit his family in
New York. Mother joined them shortly thereafter, remaining for
approximately five weeks. Father decided to stay in New York with P.W.,
while Mother moved to South Carolina to live with her mother.

¶3            Mother had no contact with P.W. from September 2010 until
after learning of the juvenile court proceedings in 2013. During that time
period, she intermittently contacted Father via e-mail but did not visit
P.W., write to her, or provide financial support. At some point, Father
returned to Arizona with P.W. In May 2012, he sought an order requiring
Mother to pay child support. Mother was notified of this action by the
South Carolina Child Support Enforcement Division. She never paid child
support, though, and the outcome of the South Carolina proceedings is
unclear from the record.

¶4            In December 2012, Father’s girlfriend severely burned P.W.
by submerging her in scalding water. Father was jailed in connection with
the incident, and DCS took custody of P.W. DCS could not locate Mother
and filed a dependency petition. In February 2013, DCS filed a severance
petition and retained an investigator to ascertain Mother’s whereabouts.
Mother received notice of the juvenile court proceedings after the
investigator located her in March 2013.



2      The juvenile court also terminated Father’s parental rights, but he is
not a party to this appeal.



                                     2
                         AUTUMN R. v. DCS, P.W.
                           Decision of the Court

¶5            Mother returned to Arizona in April 2013, and DCS offered
her services, beginning with drug testing and counseling.3 DCS later
provided additional services, including a psychological evaluation, a best
interest assessment, and therapeutic visitation. Mother underwent two
psychological evaluations, one by a psychologist DCS retained, and the
other by a psychologist Mother selected. A best-interest assessment took
place with P.W. and her foster mother present. Mother failed to
participate, despite knowing of the appointment.

¶6            DCS alleged abandonment under Arizona Revised Statutes
(“A.R.S.”) § 8-533 as the sole statutory basis for terminating Mother’s
parental rights. On the first day of trial, DCS sought to introduce a child
custody petition Mother had filed in Arizona in 2010. In that petition,
Mother asked the court to award Father sole custody of P.W. Mother
objected to the document because it had not been disclosed. The court
ultimately admitted the exhibit into evidence, as we discuss in more depth
infra.

¶7            The juvenile court issued an order terminating Mother’s
parental rights based on abandonment, and Mother timely appealed. We
have jurisdiction pursuant to A.R.S. § 8-235.

                               DISCUSSION

I.     Severance Order

¶8            “To justify termination of the parent-child relationship, the
trial court must find, by clear and convincing evidence, at least one of the
statutory grounds set out in [A.R.S.] section 8-533.” Michael J. v. Ariz.
Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 196 Ariz. 246, 249, ¶ 12, 995 P.2d 682, 685 (2000). The
court must also find by a preponderance of the evidence that severance is
in the best interests of the child. Kent K. v. Bobby M., 210 Ariz. 279, 288,
110 P.3d 1013, 1022 (2005). We defer to the factual findings of the juvenile
court and will affirm “if substantial evidence in the record supports the
juvenile court’s ruling.” See Denise R. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 221 Ariz.
92, 93-94, ¶¶ 2-5, 210 P.3d 1263, 1264-65 (App. 2009).




3     The DCS caseworker testified that limited services were offered to
Mother initially because she was “very evasive” about whether she would
remain in Arizona.



                                      3
                         AUTUMN R. v. DCS, P.W.
                           Decision of the Court

       A.     Abandonment

¶9             A prima facie case of abandonment exists when a parent
fails “to maintain a normal parental relationship with the child without
just cause for a period of six months.” A.R.S. § 8-531(1). Elements of a
normal parental relationship include providing reasonable support,
maintaining regular contact, and providing normal supervision for the
child. Id. We measure abandonment by looking at a parent’s conduct
rather than her subjective intent. See Michael J., 196 Ariz. at 249, ¶ 18, 995
P.2d at 685. We will affirm a finding of abandonment “unless we must
say as a matter of law that no one could reasonably find the evidence to be
clear and convincing.” Denise R. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 221 Ariz. 92,
94, ¶ 7, 210 P.3d 1263, 1265 (App. 2009).

¶10            At trial, Mother admitted not supporting or communicating
with P.W. for more than two and a half years. She suggests Father
impeded contact with P.W., but it is a parent’s responsibility to take
concrete steps toward providing a normal parental relationship, even in
the face of impediments. See Pima Cnty. Juvenile Severance Action No. S-
114487, 179 Ariz. 86, 96, 876 P.2d 1121, 1131 (1994); see also Michael J., 196
Ariz. at 251, ¶¶ 24-25, 995 P.2d at 687 (“The burden to act as a parent rests
with the parent, who should assert [her] legal rights at the first and every
opportunity.”). Moreover, the juvenile court found copies of emails
Mother proffered “neither substantial nor persuasive evidence” of
attempts to maintain a normal parental relationship with P.W. The court
further noted that Mother did not pursue custody of P.W., despite
knowing her whereabouts from the child support proceedings Father
initiated. Mother’s failure to do so, the court ruled, “casts significant
doubt on the veracity of Mother’s assertions that she exerted significant
efforts to re-establish and maintain contact with [P.W.] prior to the
commencement of this case.”

¶11           “Questions of abandonment and intent are questions of fact
for resolution by the trial court.” Yuma Cnty. Juvenile Court Action No. J-
87-119, 161 Ariz. 537, 539, 779 P.2d 1276, 1278 (App. 1989). We disagree
with Mother’s suggestion that because she returned to Arizona upon
learning of the juvenile court proceedings, she cannot be deemed to have
abandoned P.W. Although post-petition acts are relevant to the best
interest analysis, they do not negate a finding of abandonment. Maricopa
Cnty. Juvenile Action No. JS-500274, 167 Ariz. 1, 8, 804 P.2d 730, 737 (1990).
Clear and convincing evidence supports the juvenile court’s finding of
abandonment.



                                      4
                         AUTUMN R. v. DCS, P.W.
                           Decision of the Court

       B.     Best Interests

¶12           “[A] determination of the child's best interest must include a
finding as to how the child would benefit from a severance or be harmed
by the continuation of the relationship.” Id. at 5, 804 P.2d at 734. The
court should consider all pertinent factors, including “whether: 1) an
adoptive placement is immediately available; 2) the existing placement is
meeting the needs of the child; and 3) the [child is] adoptable.” Raymond
F. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 224 Ariz. 373, 379, ¶ 30, 231 P.3d 377, 383
(App. 2010). We view the evidence in the light most favorable to
affirming the juvenile court’s findings. Jesus M. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec.,
203 Ariz. 278, 282, ¶ 13, 53 P.3d 203, 207 (App. 2002).

¶13           The juvenile court concluded severance was in P.W.’s best
interest because she “is living with a prospective adoptive placement, who
provides stability, love and support, and is able to meet all of [her] needs.”
The court also ruled termination was in P.W.’s best interest because the
child would be at risk for further abandonment if returned to Mother’s
care. The record supports these findings.

¶14            Dr. Thal testified Mother, who has four other children, has a
“worrisome” pattern of abandoning her children and opined P.W. was at
risk of future abandonment by Mother. The DCS caseworker also testified
Mother has a pattern of abandoning her children. P.W. is bonded with her
foster mother, but lacks a bond with Mother. The foster mother wishes to
adopt P.W. Both the case manager and the psychologist who conducted
the best interest assessment agreed it was in P.W.’s best interest to remain
with her foster mother. The superior court did not err in concluding
severance was in P.W.’s best interest.

II.    Untimely Disclosure

¶15           Mother contends admission of the custody petition she filed
in 2010 violated disclosure requirements of Rule 44, Arizona Rules of
Procedure for the Juvenile Court, as well as her due process right to a fair
trial. Rule 44, though, does not compel the imposition of sanctions, but
instead permits the court to impose them at its discretion. See Ariz. R.P.
Juv. Ct. 44(G). Courts have “broad discretion in ruling on disclosure and
discovery matters, and this court will not disturb that ruling absent an
abuse of discretion.” Marquez v. Ortega, 231 Ariz. 437, 441, ¶ 14, 296 P.3d
100, 104 (App. 2013).

¶16         We find no error. Mother argues she was prejudiced
because the document went “to the heart of the matter” and the court


                                      5
                        AUTUMN R. v. DCS, P.W.
                          Decision of the Court

used the exhibit against her. The record, however, does not reflect that the
juvenile court relied on the exhibit. Instead, the court cited other
substantial evidence in support of its abandonment finding.

¶17              The court also took reasonable steps to mitigate any
prejudice arising from the untimely disclosure. It initially declined to
permit DCS to use the exhibit, giving Mother and her counsel time to
review the document and renew any objection on the second day of trial.
The next day, over Mother’s continued objection, the court allowed DCS
to use the exhibit for impeachment, but did not admit it into evidence. It
was only on the final day of trial, which occurred more than four months
after the first two days of trial, that the court admitted the exhibit into
evidence. In the interim, Mother had ample opportunity to review the
document and to account for and address it at trial. She identifies nothing
she would have done differently had the document been timely disclosed.
Furthermore, the document was one Mother herself authored,
undermining any claim of undue surprise. And the only prejudice
Mother articulates is the effect of the exhibit on the court, which is due to
the document’s contents, not the timeliness of its disclosure. On this
record, Mother has not shown that she was denied her due process right
to a fair trial.

                              CONCLUSION

¶18          For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the order terminating
Mother’s parental rights to P.W.




                                         :10/30/2014



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