Affirmed and Opinion Filed December 12, 2018.




                                        S   In The
                               Court of Appeals
                        Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                     No. 05-17-00462-CV

                       PEDRO DIAZ, Appellant
                               V.
   MULTI SERVICE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS CORPORATION, A MISSOURI
                      CORPORATION, Appellee

                      On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 3
                                  Dallas County, Texas
                          Trial Court Cause No. CC-13-01850-C

                            MEMORANDUM OPINION
                       Before Justices Stoddart, Whitehill, and Boatright
                                  Opinion by Justice Stoddart

       This is an appeal from a judgment notwithstanding the verdict following a remand from

this Court for a new trial on damages.      Multi Service Technology Solutions Corporation

(MSTSC) sued Pedro Diaz on a sworn account and for breach of contract. Diaz did not answer

the suit and a default judgment was rendered against him. In a restricted appeal, this Court

reversed the award of damages and remanded for a new trial on damages. See Diaz v. Multi

Serv. Tech. Sols. Corp., No. 05-14-00032-CV, 2014 WL 5768714, at *1 (Tex. App.—Dallas

Nov. 6, 2014, no pet.). After the jury returned a verdict of no damages, the trial court granted

MSTSC’s motion for JNOV and rendered judgment for damages and prejudgment interest. Diaz

appeals and argues in four issues that MSTSC lacks standing in this case, the trial court should

have dismissed the suit based on a partial summary judgment against an intervening party, the
JNOV was erroneous because the evidence presented credibility issues for the jury to resolve,

and the trial court abused its discretion by admitting collection call notes in evidence. We affirm

the trial court’s judgment.

                                         BACKGROUND

       In the restricted appeal, this Court concluded that Diaz admitted all the allegations in

plaintiff’s original petition except for the amount of unliquidated damages, “and Diaz is

precluded from challenging the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence supporting the

liability of Pedro Diaz dba G & O Diaz Trucking to MSTSC.” Diaz, 2014 WL 5768714, at *3.

The Court also concluded the evidence was insufficient to support the award of damages to

MSTSC. The affidavits attached to the original petition and filed in support of the default

judgment were from a company called Multi Service Technology Solutions Inc. (MSTSI), a

Florida corporation. Id. at *4. The affidavits attached business records of MSTSI, including a

cardholder agreement between G & O Diaz Inc., personally guaranteed by Diaz, and Multi

Service Corporation (MSC), a summary of G & O Diaz Inc.’s MSC fuel card account, and copies

of MSC’s account billing statements and “Multi Service Fleet” transaction reports showing the

amounts and dates of charges of G & O Diaz Inc. Id. The Court stated:

       There is clearly disharmony among MSTSC’s petition, the documents attached to
       MSTSC’s pleading, and the business records filed by MSTSI. Those documents
       and business records contain no reference to either MSTSC or MSTSI. Instead,
       those documents and business records reflect an Agreement entered into by G &
       O Diaz, Inc., signed by Diaz as guarantor and president, with MSC and the
       amounts and dates of charges on that MSC account. Here, the amount of
       MSTSC’s damages, if any, cannot be accurately calculated from its petition,
       attached documentation, and business records filed by MSTSI. MSTSC
       acknowledged in its appellate brief that suit was filed by MSTSC, a Missouri
       corporation, rather than MSTSI, a Florida corporation. MSTSC states in its
       appellate brief that the “original creditor,” MSC, “had been acquired by Multi
       Services Technology Corporation just prior to the filing of the suit” and, “[t]his
       contract was assigned to the successor company as part of the acquisition.”
       Nothing in the record establishes MSC was acquired by Multi Services
       Technology Corporation. Nothing in the record establishes any relationship
       between Multi Services Technology Corporation and MSTSC. Nothing in the
                                               –2–
       record establishes any relationship between MSTSC and MSTSI. Further, nothing
       in the record establishes an assignment by MSC of its contract with G & O Diaz,
       Inc.

Id. at *4 (footnote omitted). This Court affirmed the default judgment as to liability of Diaz to

MSTSC, reversed the award of damages and attorney’s fees, and remanded for a new trial on

damages. Id. at *5.

       On remand, MSTSC filed a first amended petition naming MSTSI as the plaintiff. The

petition alleged the following facts regarding ownership of the account: Diaz entered into a

credit account with MSC in 2008 in the name of G & O Diaz Inc. and personally guaranteed the

account; certain assets of MSC, including Diaz’s account, were sold to World Fuel Services in

December 2012; and World Fuel Services transferred the account to MSTSI in January 2013.

The first amended petition alleged that this suit was filed in March 2013 with the plaintiff

incorrectly named as MSTSC as shown by the affidavit attached to the original petition, which

correctly named the owner of the debt as MSTSI. Plaintiff also filed a motion to change the

name of the plaintiff to MSTSI, supported by an affidavit describing the transactions alleged in

the first amended petition.

       Diaz objected to the first amended petition and moved to strike it, arguing the amendment

violated the mandate of this Court as an attempt to relitigate the issue of liability in violation of

the law of the case doctrine. The record does not indicate that the trial court ruled on either the

motion to strike the first amended petition or the motion to change the name of the plaintiff.

       Later, MSTSI filed a petition in intervention asserting it was the current owner of the debt

and the correct plaintiff in the lawsuit. MSTSI argued intervention was necessary because, “The

current plaintiff is [MSTSC] and despite several attempts it seems this cannot be changed in the

suit.” In response, Diaz filed a combined traditional and no-evidence motion for summary

judgment. He argued that MSTSI could not establish the elements necessary for intervention and


                                                –3–
could not relitigate liability because the Diaz opinion found that liability of Diaz to MSTSC was

established by the default judgment.     In addition, Diaz moved for no-evidence summary

judgment against MSTSC on the ground that it had no evidence of damages. The trial court

granted summary judgment against MSTSI as intervenor and ordered that it take nothing on its

claims, but did not grant the no-evidence summary judgment against MSTSC.

       The state of the pleadings was discussed in detail at the pretrial conference. The trial

court eventually stated that the case would be tried under the original petition. Thereafter, the

jury was selected and trial began.

       David Schongar testified on behalf of MSTSC. He is the director of credit and risk

management for both MSTSC and MSTSI. He began working for the former company, MSC, in

1998. The evidence includes exhibit one, a business records affidavit signed by Doretta M.

Watson on behalf of MSTSI in June 2013. Attached to the affidavit is a written cardholder

agreement between G & O Diaz Inc. and MSC executed in 2008. Diaz personally guaranteed the

agreement.    The business records also include two statements on Diaz’s account totaling

$18,293.14 as of March 2012.

       Schongar testified that in December 2012 World Fuel Services purchased the assets of

MSC and formed MSTSI. The assets of MSC were then assigned to MSTSI. He explained this

was merely a name change and the offices, most of the employees, and the computer systems

remained the same.

       Schongar also testified that this lawsuit was filed in the wrong name because MSTSC did

not exist in 2013. In order to correct the problem with the name of the company, it was later

decided to form MSTSC in Missouri and Diaz’s account was assigned from MSTSI to MSTSC

in January 2016. Schongar testified the account is now owned by MSTSC, there have been no

payments on the account balance of $18,293.14, and that amount is now owed to MSTSC.

                                              –4–
       Exhibit two is an assignment of the Diaz’s account from MSTSI to MSTSC signed by

Schongar on behalf of MSTSI. Schongar testified this assignment was executed in January 2016,

although the document is not dated.        The assignment recites the amount of the account,

$18,293.14, the account was created by MSC in 2008, and was transferred to MSTSI. The same

account documents as attached to the business records affidavit are attached to the assignment.

       The jury was asked a single question, “How much do you find is owed, if anything, as to

MSTSC?” The jury answered, “Zero.”

       MSTSC moved for JNOV arguing that no evidence supported the jury’s finding and the

evidence conclusively established it right to judgment. The trial court granted the motion and

rendered judgment awarding MSTSC $18,293.14, prejudgment interest, and costs.                Diaz’s

motion for new trial was overruled by operation of law.

                                            ANALYSIS

   A. Standing

       In his first issue, Diaz argues that MSTSC does not have standing to bring this suit and

the case should dismissed for lack of jurisdiction.

       Standing is a component of subject matter jurisdiction. Austin Nursing Ctr., Inc. v.

Lovato, 171 S.W.3d 845, 848 (Tex. 2005); Tex. Ass’n of Bus. v. Tex. Air Control Bd., 852

S.W.2d 440, 443, 446 (Tex. 1993). As such, standing cannot be waived and can be challenged

for the first time on appeal. Tex. Ass’n of Bus., at 445–46. Whether a trial court has subject-

matter jurisdiction is a question of law that is reviewed de novo. See Mayhew v. Town of

Sunnyvale, 964 S.W.2d 922, 928 (Tex. 1998). Standing must exist at the time a plaintiff files

suit; if the plaintiff lacks standing at the time of filing, the case must be dismissed, even if the

plaintiff later acquires an interest sufficient to support standing. Martin v. Clinical Pathology

Labs., Inc., 343 S.W.3d 885, 887–89 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, pet. denied); Doran v. ClubCorp


                                                –5–
USA, Inc., No. 05–06–01511–CV, 2008 WL 451879, at *2 (Tex. App.—Dallas Feb. 21, 2008, no

pet.) (mem. op.).

       To have standing, the pleader bears the burden of alleging facts that affirmatively

demonstrate the court’s jurisdiction to hear the case. Tex. Ass’n of Bus., 852 S.W.2d at 446.

“The general test for standing in Texas requires that there ‘(a) shall be a real controversy

between the parties, which (b) will be actually determined by the judicial declaration sought.’”

Sneed v. Webre, 465 S.W.3d 169, 180 (Tex. 2015) (citations omitted); see also DaimlerChrysler

Corp. v. Inman, 252 S.W.3d 299, 304–05 (Tex. 2008) (for standing, the plaintiff must be

personally aggrieved, and his alleged injury must be concrete and particularized, actual or

imminent, not hypothetical). We review the pleadings and the entire record to determine if there

is evidence establishing subject matter jurisdiction. Dallas Cty. Appraisal Dist. v. Funds

Recovery, 887 S.W.2d 465, 469 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1994, writ denied).

       Diaz contends MSTSC lacks standing because it did not own the debt at the time the suit

was originally filed in 2013, having only received the debt by assignment in 2016.

       Because standing is challenged for the first time on appeal, we construe the pleadings in

favor of the plaintiff and examine the entire record for evidence supporting jurisdiction. RSL

Funding, LLC v. Pippins, 499 S.W.3d 423, 429 (Tex. 2016) (per curiam). Although the original

petition named MSTSC as the plaintiff, the attached affidavit identified MSTSI as the owner of

the account, even though it failed to explain how the account was transferred from MSC, the

original creditor shown in the cardholder agreement, to MSTSI.

       On remand, evidence was admitted that MSTSC did not exist at the time the suit was

filed and plaintiff’s attorney mistakenly named MSTSC as the plaintiff rather than MSTSI.

Schongar’s testimony and the cardholder agreement establish that the account was created in

2008 between G & O Diaz Inc. and MSC and was personally guaranteed by Diaz. Schongar

                                              –6–
testified that the assets of MSC were acquired by World Fuel Services in 2012 and the account

was assigned to a new corporation, MSTSI, formed in Florida in December 2012 or early 2013.

He explained that the lawsuit was mistakenly filed in the name of the wrong company, MSTSC,

a company that did not exist at the time. He also testified that to correct the problem with the

name, MSTSC was formed in Missouri and the account was assigned from MSTSI to MSTSC in

January 2016. The written assignment transferred all of MSTSI’s right, title, and interest in the

account to MSTSC. Schongar testified that MSTSC is the owner of the account and the account

balance of $18,293.14 is owed to MSTSC.

       In the prior restricted appeal, based on a limited record, this Court concluded this case

involved a misidentification of the plaintiff rather than a misnomer:

       This case involves misidentification of the plaintiff in the original petition, not
       misnomer. MSTSC acknowledged in its appellate brief that suit was filed by
       MSTSC, a Missouri corporation, rather than MSTSI, a Florida corporation.
       MSTSC did not merely misname the correct plaintiff, which would have
       constituted misnomer. Rather, MSTSC filed suit in its name but obtained an
       award of damages in favor of MSTSI, a separate legal entity.

Diaz, 2014 WL 5768714, at *2 n.3. However, in light of the record developed on remand, we

conclude this is actually a case of misnomer, not misidentification.

       Misnomer arises “when a party misnames itself or another party, but the correct parties

are involved.” In re Greater Hous. Orthopaedic Specialists, Inc., 295 S.W.3d 323, 325 (Tex.

2009) (per curiam).     A plaintiff misnaming itself generally is a misnomer.       See Chen v.

Breckenridge Estates Homeowners Ass’n, Inc., 227 S.W.3d 419, 421 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2007,

no pet.); Pierson v. SMS Fin. II, L.L.C., 959 S.W.2d 343, 347–48 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1998,

no pet.). Misidentification occurs when two separate entities exist and the wrong entity is named

in the suit. See Reddy P’ship/5900 N. Freeway LP v. Harris Cty. Appraisal Dist., 370 S.W.3d

373, 376 (Tex. 2012); In re Greater Hous. Orthopaedic Specialists, 295 S.W.3d at 325

(misidentification “arises when two separate legal entities exist and a plaintiff mistakenly sues
                                               –7–
an entity with a name similar to that of the correct entity”) (emphasis added).

        Based on the record as developed on remand, this is a case of misnomer of the plaintiff,

rather than misidentification, because the record establishes that MSTSC did not exist at the time

suit was filed. Because of this change in the record, the law of the case doctrine does not apply.

See Entergy Corp. v. Jenkins, 469 S.W.3d 330, 336–37 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2015,

pet. denied) (law of the case doctrine “does not necessarily apply when either the issues or the

facts presented in successive appeals are not substantially the same as those involved in the first

trial”); Pitman v. Lightfoot, 937 S.W.2d 496, 513 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1996, writ denied).1

        “When the correct party sues or is sued under the incorrect name, ‘the court acquires

jurisdiction after service with the misnomer if it is clear that no one was misled or placed at a

disadvantage by the error.’” Reddy P’ship/5900 N. Freeway LP v. Harris Cty. Appraisal Dist.,

370 S.W.3d 373, 376–77 (Tex. 2012) (per curiam) (quoting Sheldon v. Emergency Med.

Consultants, I, P.A., 43 S.W.3d 701, 702 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2001, no pet.)). Courts

generally allow parties to correct a misnomer so long as it is not misleading. Reddy P’ship/5900,

370 S.W.3d at 377. “In a case like this, in which the plaintiff misnames itself, the rationale for

flexibility in the typical misnomer case—in which a plaintiff misnames the defendant—applies

with even greater force.” In re Greater Hous. Orthopaedic Specialists, Inc., 295 S.W.3d at 326.

        Diaz relies on Shipley v. Unifund CCR Partners, 331 S.W.3d 27 (Tex. App.—Waco

2010, no pet.), where a judgment was reversed because there was no evidence of an assignment

of ownership of the account into the named plaintiff. In Shipley, Unifund Portfolio A, LLC

received an assignment of the account from Citibank South Dakota, N.A. Id. at 28. Unifund

        1
           The law of the case doctrine is defined as “that principle under which questions of law decided on appeal
to a court of last resort will govern the case throughout its subsequent stages.” Loram Maint. of Way, Inc. v. Ianni,
210 S.W.3d 593, 596 (Tex. 2006). The doctrine applies only to questions of law, not questions of fact. Hudson v.
Wakefield, 711 S.W.2d 628, 630 (Tex. 1986). The doctrine is discretionary and does not absolutely bar
reconsideration of the issue in a second appeal. Biscoe v. Goodmark Corp., 102 S.W.3d 714, 716 (Tex. 2003).
Additionally, the doctrine does not apply if the original decision was clearly erroneous. Id.


                                                        –8–
Portfolio A, LLC, then assigned only the right to collect the account to the plaintiff in the

lawsuit, Unifund CCR Partners.        Id.   Unifund Portfolio A, LLC, retained the title to and

ownership of the account. Id. The Waco Court of Appeals concluded on rehearing that Unifund

CCR Partners lacked standing based on the assignment. Id. at 29 (“[T]he assignment from

Unifund Portfolio A, LLC to Unifund CCR Partners indicates that Unifund CCR Partners owns

nothing.”). In this case, however, the assignment from MSTSI to MSTSC is complete and

unlimited, unlike the assignment at issue in Shipley. MSTSI assigned all of its right, title, and

interest in the account to MSTSC and Schongar testified that MSTSC now owns the account.

Therefore, Shipley is not on point.

        Based on the record as a whole, it is clear that the correct parties were involved in the

suit, although MSTSI was incorrectly named as MSTSC at the beginning. We conclude that as a

result of the misnomer, suit was filed by a party with standing to sue and the court acquired

jurisdiction. See Reddy P’ship/5900 N. Freeway LP, 370 S.W.3d at 376–77. We overrule Diaz’s

first issue.

    B. Partial Summary Judgment

        In his second issue, Diaz argues the trial court erred by not dismissing the entire lawsuit

after it granted his motion for summary judgment challenging MSTSI’s intervention.

        On appeal, Diaz asserts that the summary judgment was a final judgment because the first

amended petition substituted MSTSI as plaintiff and dropped MSTSC as plaintiff. However,

Diaz’s motion sought summary judgment against both MSTSI as intervenor and MSTSC. He

never argued in the motion that MSTSC was no longer a party to the lawsuit. Diaz alleged in the

motion the he “filed a Traditional and No-Evidence Motion against MSTSI’s Petition in

Intervention on the basis of re-litigation of the issue.” He also sought a no-evidence summary

judgment against MSTSC by challenging its evidence of damages. He argued MSTSI could not


                                                –9–
establish the elements required for intervention because liability had been decided and MSTSI

did not have a justiciable interest. He further argued that MSTSC did not have the right to

amend its petition on remand and had no evidence of damages. Thus, Diaz indicated MSTSC

was still a party to the case. The trial court granted summary judgment only on the claim by

intervenor MSTSI. It did not grant the no-evidence motion for summary judgment against

MSTSC.

       Based on the entire record, we conclude the summary judgment, even though it states “all

relief not specifically granted is hereby denied,” was not a final judgment. See Lehmann v. Har-

Con Corp., 39 S.W.3d 191, 203–04 (Tex. 2001) (“[I]nclusion of a Mother Hubbard clause—by

which we mean the statement, “all relief not granted is denied”, or essentially those words—does

not indicate that a judgment rendered without a conventional trial is final for purposes of

appeal.”). On its face, the summary judgment did not dispose of Diaz’s no-evidence motion

against MSTSC. Therefore, the summary judgment was interlocutory and did not require the

trial court to dismiss the entire case. We overrule Diaz’s second issue.

   C. Judgment Notwithstanding The Verdict

       In his third issue, Diaz argues the trial court erred by granting judgment notwithstanding

the verdict because the evidence presented credibility issues for the jury.

       A trial court may disregard a jury’s verdict and render judgment notwithstanding the

verdict pursuant to rule 301 if no evidence supports the jury’s findings or if a directed verdict

would have been proper. TEX. R. CIV. P. 301; Tiller v. McLure, 121 S.W.3d 709, 713 (Tex.

2003). We review a trial court’s decision to grant or deny a motion for JNOV under the legal

sufficiency standard of review. Helping Hands Home Care, Inc. v. Home Health of Tarrant Cty.,

Inc., 393 S.W.3d 492, 515 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, pets. denied); see also City of Keller v.

Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 823 (Tex. 2005) (test for legal sufficiency is same for directed verdict,


                                               –10–
JNOV, and appellate no-evidence review). We credit evidence favoring the jury verdict if

reasonable jurors could and disregard contrary evidence unless reasonable jurors could not.

Tanner v. Nationwide Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 289 S.W.3d 828, 830 (Tex. 2009). We will uphold the

jury’s finding if it is supported by more than a scintilla of competent evidence. Id.; see also

Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Co. v. Martinez, 977 S.W.2d 328, 334 (Tex. 1998) (appellate court will

sustain a no-evidence issue when: (1) record discloses a complete absence of evidence of vital

fact; (2) the court is barred by rules of law or evidence from giving weight to the only evidence

offered to prove a vital fact; (3) only evidence offered to prove a vital fact is no more than a mere

scintilla; or (4) evidence establishes conclusively the opposite of the vital fact).

       To sustain his issue, Diaz must show on appeal that there is more than a scintilla of

evidence to support the jury’s finding that MSTSC is entitled to no damages. Diaz contends

Schongar’s testimony was inconsistent and contradictory in the following ways:

               There were contradictions in the testimony about MSTSC
               He was uncertain of the meaning of custodian of the records
               The assignment from MSTSI to MSTSC was not dated and could have been
                signed the night before trial
               He was uncertain of the name of the company in the judgment regarding liability
               He gave a specific date for the assignment of the account from MSC to MSTSI
                after earlier stating an inexact time frame
       Diaz asserts Schongar’s testimony was contradictory about MSTSC because Schongar

initially said he first went to work for MSTSC, but later said he began working for MSC in 1998.

Diaz also urges that Schongar referred at one point to MSTSC as the company purchased by

World Fuel Services in 2012, but later testified that MSTSC did not exist in 2013 when the

lawsuit was filed and was formed shortly before the assignment of the debt from MSTSI in

January 2016.

       Undoubtedly, the similarity in the names of the companies involved in this suit has

caused some confusion. But that confusion is clarified when the record is considered as a whole.
                                            –11–
Schongar testified three corporations were involved with this debt: MSTSC, MSTSI, and MSC.

The cardholder agreement establishes that the company Diaz contracted with in 2008 was MSC.

The jury was not free to disregard this undisputed evidence.         And in his later testimony,

Schongar clearly testified that MSC was purchased by World Fuel Services in 2012. Although

Schongar mistakenly referred to the company as MSTSC at times, the only reasonable

conclusion from the evidence is that Schongar misspoke when he referred to the original

company as MSTSC.

       Diaz contends Schongar’s testimony was inconsistent regarding the custodian of the

records for the various companies. At one point, Schongar stated he did not know the meaning

of the phrase “custodian of the records,” but he also testified he was in charge of all the records

and the records were maintained in the company’s computer system. He explained that part of

his job is to review the documents to assure that employees are following the processes and

procedures of the company, that credit lines are appropriate, and that collection procedures are

followed. Moreover, questions about the custodian of records are legal questions for the court to

decide in ruling on the admissibility of evidence, not questions of fact for the jury. See TEX. R.

EVID. 104(a) (“The court must decide any preliminary question about whether . . . evidence is

admissible.”); 803(6). The jury was not asked any questions about the custodian of records for

the companies.

       Regarding the assignment from MSTSI to MSTSC, this transaction was evidenced by the

written assignment admitted in evidence. The assignment assigns all right, title, and interest of

MSTSI in the Diaz account to MSTSC. Attached to the assignment are the business records

regarding the account that were attached to the business records affidavit admitted as exhibit one.

Schongar testified that the assignment was done in January 2016. He agreed, however, with

Diaz’s counsel that the document was not dated and could have been signed the night before

                                              –12–
trial. This mere possibility, however, did not raise a material question of fact for the jury. The

fact of the assignment from MSTSI to MSTSC was undisputed and the jury was not free to

disregard the undisputed written evidence of the assignment or Schongar’s testimony that

MSTSC owned the account and was owed the debt.

       Diaz argues Schongar gave conflicting testimony about the name of the company in the

default judgment. Schongar expressed some confusion regarding the name of the company on

the default judgment that was the subject of the prior appeal. He stated that he understood that

the judgment was for MSTSC. Counsel for Diaz asked if that was the Florida corporation.

Schongar stated that MSC was a Missouri corporation and he thought the judgment may have

been for MSC. When asked how MSTSI became involved in the judgment, Schongar explained

that all the activity up until 2012 was under MSC. MSTSI was a Florida corporation formed

when World Fuel Services purchased MSC. Everything from MSC was assigned to MSTSI. He

concluded that he understood the judgment was issued in the name of MSTSC.

       This evidence does not raise a fact question for the jury. The default judgment is a matter

of record and no question regarding that judgment was submitted to the jury. Questions of law

and uncontroverted issues need not be submitted to the jury. City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at 814–

815.

       Diaz next argues Schongar’s testimony was inconsistent about the assignment of the debt

to MSTSI. Questioned about the accrual of interest, Schongar explained that payments were due

the next day after the billing date and the billing dates were March 19 and 26 of 2012. The court

then asked if payment was due at that time to MSC.         Schongar replied, “Yes, the original

company. Multi Service Corporation.” The Court then asked:

               THE COURT: So I think we’re asking when was the debt assigned before
                 2016. So starting with MSC, when was it assigned?

               THE WITNESS: It became Inc. Florida when we were purchased. So that
                                              –13–
                  would have been 12-31-2012.

               [DIAZ’S COUNSEL:] Judge, this is in contradiction with his testimony.
                 His testimony was it was in 2016. He can’t have it both ways.

               THE COURT: Overruled.

               THE WITNESS: The Florida was set up when we were purchased. That
                 was 2012. The end of 2012, beginning 2013. The Missouri
                 corporation, the assignment was January 2016. That was how we got
                 all three different entities involved.

       Diaz argues Schongar’s testimony is inconsistent because he gave an exact date of

December 31, 2012 in response to the question, because he testified several times that MSTSI

was formed at the end of 2012 or beginning of 2013 and the debt was assigned to it afterwards.

We cannot agree that a reasonable jury could conclude Schongar was not credible because he

gave an exact date of December 31, 2012 after earlier testifying that MSTSI was formed in

December 2012 or early 2013. The exact date given is within the time frame he testified to and

consistent with his testimony.

       It is generally true that a fact finder is free to believe all, part, or none of the testimony of

a witness, but a fact-finder’s “decisions regarding credibility must be reasonable.” City of Keller,

168 S.W.3d at 820. The fact finder “cannot ignore undisputed testimony that is clear, positive,

direct, otherwise credible, free from contradictions and inconsistencies, and could have been

readily controverted.” Id. Nor may jurors reach a verdict contrary to undisputed evidence that

allows of only one logical inference. Id. at 814.

       The evidence established a debt owed to MSC by G&O Diaz Inc., which was guaranteed

by Diaz, arising out of charges under the cardholder agreement. Schongar’s testimony showed

that the assets of MSC, including the debt owed by G&O Diaz Inc. and Diaz, were sold to World

Fuel Services. His testimony also indicated the debt was later transferred to MSTSI, a Florida

corporation formed in December 2012 or January 2013. The written assignment admitted as

exhibit two and Schongar’s testimony established that the debt was then assigned by MSTSI to
                                            –14–
MSTSC. Schongar testified that the debt in the amount of $18,293.14 has never been paid and is

owed to MSTSC. Based on all the evidence in the record, viewed in the light most favorable to

the jury’s verdict, we conclude there is no evidence to support the jury’s finding and the

evidence conclusively establishes MSTSC’s damages in the amount of $18,293.14.

Accordingly, the trial court properly granted MSTSC’s motion for judgment notwithstanding the

verdict. We overrule Diaz’s third issue.

   D. Evidence Ruling

       In his fourth issue, Diaz argues the trial court abused its discretion by admitting exhibit

three over his hearsay objection. Exhibit three contains collection call notes, which record

customer contacts made by employees of MSC starting in June 2008 and continuing through July

2012. Diaz argues that while records created by one business may become the business records

of another business, Schongar was not qualified to testify about the other business’s record

keeping.

       Business records are admissible as an exception to the hearsay rule based on the

testimony of the custodian “or other qualified witness.” TEX. R. EVID. 803(6)(D) (emphasis

added). The witness must show:

       (A) the record was made at or near the time by—or from information transmitted
       by—someone with knowledge;

       (B) the record was kept in the course of a regularly conducted business activity;
       [and]

       (C) making the record was a regular practice of that activity.

TEX. R. EVID. 803(6)(A)–(C). The rules of evidence do not require that the qualified witness

who lays the predicate for the admission of business records be their creator, be an employee of

the same company as the creator, or have personal knowledge of the contents of the record-

personal knowledge of how the documents were prepared will suffice. See Thawer v. Comm’n

for Lawyer Discipline, 523 S.W.3d 177, 186 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2017, no pet.); In re E.A.K.,
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192 S.W.3d 133, 142 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2006, pet. denied) (“Rule 803(6) does

not require that the witness laying the predicate for admission of a document be the creator of the

document or even an employee of the same company as the creator. The witness does not even

have to have personal knowledge of the information recorded in the document but need only

have knowledge of how the records were prepared.” [Citations omitted]).

       A document can comprise the records of another business if the second business

determines the accuracy of the information generated by the first business. See Duncan Dev.,

Inc. v. Haney, 634 S.W.2d 811, 812–13 (Tex. 1982) (subcontractor’s invoices became integral

part of builder’s records where builder’s employees’ regular responsibilities required them to

verify subcontractors’ performance and accuracy of the invoices); Cockrell v. Republic Mortg.

Ins. Co., 817 S.W.2d 106, 112–13 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1991, no writ). In addition, records

created by one business may be admissible as business records of another business if “(1) the

records are incorporated and kept in the course of [the second company’s] business, (2) [the

company] typically relies upon the accuracy of the records’ contents, and (3) the circumstances

otherwise indicate the document’s trustworthiness.” Nat’l Health Res. Corp. v. TBF Fin., LLC,

429 S.W.3d 125, 130–31 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2014, no pet.); Simien v. Unifund CCR Partners,

321 S.W.3d 235, 240–41 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2010, no pet.).

       Schongar testified he began working for MSC in 1998. He also testified that he was

credit manager for MSC before 2008, that he trained the person who took over that department

when Schongar went to another department, and that he returned as director in 2012 after Diaz’s

account was established.     He testified that the call notes are made by credit collection

representatives when they make a call to a customer. The notes are business records of the

companies. He explained that the call notes were part of the business records passed on to the

Florida corporation, MSTSI, and that MSTSC received everything that MSTSI had, including the

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computer system containing the call notes. Part of Schongar’s duties involved reviewing the

records for compliance with collection procedures.

       We conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion by admitting the collection call

notes as business records of MSTSC. Further, Diaz fails to show in his brief how any error in

admitting the collection call notes probably resulted in the rendition of an improper judgment or

prevented him from properly presenting the case to us. TEX. R. APP. P. 44.1(a). We conclude

that the error, if any, in admitting the collection call notes was harmless. We overrule Diaz’s

fourth issue.

                                          CONCLUSION

       Having rejected all of Diaz’s issues, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.




                                                     /Craig Stoddart/
                                                     CRAIG STODDART
                                                     JUSTICE

170462F.P05




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                                         S
                               Court of Appeals
                        Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                       JUDGMENT

PEDRO DIAZ, Appellant                                On Appeal from the County Court at Law
                                                     No. 3, Dallas County, Texas
No. 05-17-00462-CV         V.                        Trial Court Cause No. CC-13-01850-C.
                                                     Opinion delivered by Justice Stoddart.
MULTI SERVICE TECHNOLOGY                             Justices Whitehill and Boatright
SOLUTIONS CORPORATION, A                             participating.
MISSOURI CORPORATION, Appellee

     In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED.

       It is ORDERED that appellee MULTI SERVICE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS
CORPORATION, A MISSOURI CORPORATION recover its costs of this appeal from
appellant PEDRO DIAZ.


Judgment entered this 12th day of December, 2018.




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