                            STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

                          SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS


Robert A. Clark, Jr., Jerry Jenkins, Bradford C.                                  FILED
Debord, Roy E. Cool, Gary A. Johnson, Clyde D.                                 May 15, 2015
Shriner, Samuel A. Brick, Jr., Thomas R. Stuckey,                            RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
                                                                           SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
Greg M. Willenborg, William A. Persinger, Jr.,                                 OF WEST VIRGINIA
Douglas A. Benson, John J. Lane, Curt H. Tonkin,

Woodrow Wilson Brogan, III, Barry A. Kaizer,

Jerry E. Payne, Terry A. Ballard, Harry E. Shaver,

James C. Armstead, Jr., Stanley K. Hickman,

Michael A. Waugh, Charles R. Johnson, Thomas D.

Tolley, and Joseph A. Ward,

Petitioners Below, Petitioners


vs) No. 14-0626 (Kanawha County 11-AA-75)

West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, and
West Virginia Division of Personnel,
Respondents Below, Respondents


                              MEMORANDUM DECISION
       Petitioners Robert A. Clark, Jr., Jerry Jenkins, Bradford C. Debord, Roy E. Cool, Gary A.
Johnson, Clyde D. Shriner, Samuel A. Brick, Jr., Thomas R. Stuckey, Greg M. Willenborg,
William A. Persinger, Jr., Douglas A. Benson, John J. Lane, Curt H. Tonkin, Woodrow Wilson
Brogan, III, Barry A. Kaizer, Jerry E. Payne, Terry A. Ballard, Harry E. Shaver, James C.
Armstead, Jr., Stanley K. Hickman, Michael A. Waugh, Charles R. Johnson, Thomas D. Tolley,
and Joseph A. Ward, who are similarly-situated employees of Respondent West Virginia
Division of Natural Resources (“WVDNR”), by counsel J. Michael Ranson and J. Patrick
Jacobs, appeal the Circuit Court of Kanawha County’s order, entered June 4, 2014, that
dismissed their grievance regarding a pay raise previously granted to other similarly-situated
employees. Respondent WVDNR, by counsel William R. Valentino, and Respondent West
Virginia Division of Personnel, by counsel Karen O’Sullivan Thornton, filed a response in
support of the circuit court’s order. Petitioners filed a reply.

        This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the Court finds no substantial
question of law and no prejudicial error. For these reasons, a memorandum decision affirming
the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

        On August 1, 2000, the WVDNR granted six employees (who are not among the
petitioners herein) a $1,767.12 annual raise in salary (“the 2000 pay raise”). Each of the six

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employees held the position of Conservation Officer II (“CO2”) (also known as “field sergeant”)
and were also designated as Regional Training Officers (“CO2/RTOs”). In response, on February
9, 2002, three CO2s who were not designated as RTOs timely filed a grievance action seeking
pay parity. The grievance progressed through Levels I, II, III, and IV. On October 28, 2003,
following the Level IV hearing, Grievance Board found that the three CO2s (hereinafter the
“Antolini petitioners”) had met their burden of proof for establishing claims of discrimination
and favoritism. The Grievance Board rescinded the raises given to the six CO2/RTOs, but did
not grant any direct relief to the Antolini petitioners. See Antolini, et al. v. W.Va. Div. of Natural
Res., No. 03-DNR-94 (October 29, 2003).

        Thereafter, three separate appeals were taken in two counties. First, the three Antolini
petitioners appealed to the Circuit Court of Kanawha County. Second, one of the six CO2/RTOs
who received the 2000 pay raise filed an action in Grant County seeking, inter alia, a temporary
injunction and an appeal of the Level IV grievance decision. Third, four of the six CO2/RTOs
who received a pay raise filed an action in Kanawha County which was essentially identical to
the action filed in Grant County.

        On March 5, 2004, the Circuit Court of Grant County (1) vacated the Level IV decision,
(2) found that the 2000 pay raise was legally granted and that the Grievance Board abused his
discretion in finding discrimination or favoritism; and (3) ordered the WVDNR to continue to
pay the CO2/RTOs the 2000 pay raise. On March 8, 2005, the Kanawha County Circuit Court
granted summary judgment to the four CO2/RTOs who filed their appeal there on the ground
that the Antolini petitioners’ appeal was barred by the doctrine of res judicata, i.e., the Grant
County order.

        The Antolini petitioners appealed to this Court. In Antolini v. West Virginia Division of
Natural Resources, 220 W.Va. 255, 647 S.E.2d 535 (2007), we found that the Circuit Court of
Grant County lacked subject matter jurisdiction to hear the CO2/RTO’s appeal. Therefore, the
Grant County order did not bar the Antolini petitioners’ appeal in Kanawha County. This Court
then reversed and remanded the case to Kanawha County.

        On remand, the Circuit Court of Kanawha County found (1) that the three Antolini
petitioners were similarly situated to the six CO2/RTOs who had received the pay raise because
they were all classified as CO2s and ranked as sergeants; and (2) that the Antolini petitioners had
met their burden of proof with regard to discrimination and favoritism. The circuit court then
reversed the Grievance Board’s rescission of the six CO2s/RTOs 2000 pay raise; and further
ordered that they, and the three Antolini petitioners, be paid the 2000 pay raise; and that the
Antolini petitioners be given back pay and interest.

        On January 22, 2009, this Court denied the WVDNR’s petition for appeal of the circuit
court’s order. Thereafter, in February of 2009, the twenty-four petitioners in this case
(“petitioners” or the “Clark petitioners”), who are employed by the WVDNR, filed a grievance
seeking the 2000 pay raise granted to the Antolini petitioners by the Circuit Court of Kanawha
County. Six of the twenty-four Clark petitioners were CO2s, but not RTOs, when the original six
CO2/RTOs got the pay raise at issue in Antolini on August 1, 2000. The remaining eighteen
Clark petitioners became CO2s after August 1, 2000.

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        On May 6, 2011, the West Virginia Public Employee’s Grievance Board (the “Grievance
Board”) dismissed the Clark petitioners’ action on the grounds that (1) their grievance was not
timely filed, (2) they did not demonstrate an excuse for the untimely filing, and (3) neither the
discovery rule nor the continuing practice exception applied in this case to excuse the untimely
filing.

       Petitioners appealed the Grievance Board’s dismissal to the Circuit Court of Kanawha
County. By order entered June 4, 2014, the circuit court denied relief based on its finding that the
Grievance Board’s order was legally and factually correct

       The Clark petitioners now appeal. We review such appeals pursuant to Syllabus Point 1
of Huffman v. Goals Coal Company, 223 W.Va. 724, 679 S.E.2d 323 (2009), in which we held,

                “On appeal of an administrative order from a circuit court, this Court is
        bound by the statutory standards contained in W.Va. Code § 29A–5–4(a) and
        reviews questions of law presented de novo; findings of fact by the administrative
        officer are accorded deference unless the reviewing court believes the findings to
        be clearly wrong.” Syllabus Point 1, Muscatell v. Cline, 196 W.Va. 588, 474
        S.E.2d 518 (1996).

Huffman, 223 W.Va. at 725, 679 S.E.2d at 324. Mindful of these principles, we consider
petitioners’ assignments of error.

        Petitioners first argue that the circuit court erred in adopting the Grievance Board’s
finding that petitioners’ grievance was untimely filed and that the discovery rule and the
continuing practice exceptions did not apply. Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 6C-2-3(a)(1),
appeals to the West Virginia Public Employees Grievance Board must be filed within the time
limits found in West Virginia Code § 6C-2-4(a)(1):

        Within fifteen days following the occurrence of the event upon which the
        grievance is based, or within fifteen days of the date upon which the event
        became known to the employee, or within fifteen days of the most recent
        occurrence of a continuing practice giving rise to a grievance, an employee may
        file a written grievance with the chief administrator stating the nature of the
        grievance and the relief requested and request either a conference or a hearing.
        The employee shall also file a copy of the grievance with the board. State
        government employees shall further file a copy of the grievance with the Director
        of the Division of Personnel.

        In the instant case, the record on appeal clearly shows that petitioners did not file their
grievance within fifteen days following the occurrence of the event upon which the grievance is
based, i.e., the 2000 pay raise. In fact, petitioners did not file this action until eight years after the
pay raise at issue in Antolini was initially awarded and seven years after the Antolini petitioners
filed their grievance.



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         Petitioners argue that their grievance was timely filed under the discovery rule exception
in West Virginia Code § 6C-2-4(a)(1), which, as noted above, provides that the a grievance must
be filed “within fifteen days of the date upon which the event became known to the
employee[s]”). With regard to when petitioner discovered the triggering “event” in this case, we
first note that petitioners stipulated below that they “knew or had reason to know of the Antolini
[] proceeding at the time it was filed, upon their accepting employment as conservation offices or
promotion to the rank of sergeant, or at a time sufficient to have intervened in the grievance.”
We also note that in their petition to this Court, petitioners admit that they purposely waited to
file this action until this Court ruled on the WVDNR’s petition for appeal in Antolini. Petitioners
claim they based this decision upon their belief that this Court’s ruling on that appeal was an
“event” that would trigger the running of the fifteen day discovery rule. We disagree with this
presumption. Clearly, the “event” at issue in this case was the granting of the 2000 pay raise to
the six original CO2/RTOs. Importantly, petitioners cite to no legal authority in support of their
claim that the discovery of a legal theory which supports a grievance is an “event” that gives rise
to the filing of a grievance. If such were the case, a grievance could be filed anytime this Court
renders an opinion that supports a public employee’s grievance, no matter how much time had
passed between the triggering event and the issuance of the opinion. Accordingly, we cannot say
that the circuit court erred in affirming the Grievance Board’s finding that the discovery
exception does not apply in this case.

        Petitioners also claim that their grievance was timely filed pursuant to the “continuous
practice” exception in West Virginia Code § 6C-2-4(a)(1)(a grievance must be filed “within
fifteen days of the most recent occurrence of a continuing practice giving rise to a grievance”).
Specifically, petitioners contend that each and every payday that they do not receive the 2000
pay raise triggers their right to file a grievance, i.e., the failure to enhance their salary with the
2000 pay raise is a “continuing practice.” In light of our decision in Spahr v. Preston County
Board of Education, 182 W. Va. 726, 391 S.E.2d 739 (1990), we disagree. In Spahr, three
teachers filed a grievance when they learned they had not received a pay supplement given to
fellow employees. The grievance was found to be timely filed within the required timeframe.
However, with regard to whether the salary differential in that case fell under the “continuing
practice” exception found in West Virginia Code § 6C-2-4(1), we said in Spahr that,

       Apparently, the circuit judge also relied on the language . . permitting a grievance
       to be filed “within fifteen days of the most recent occurrence of a continuing
       practice” in order to grant the teachers back pay. We do not believe that the
       legislature intended this language to cover the present situation. Under the circuit
       court’s interpretation, each new pay check would constitute “the most recent
       occurrence of a continuing practice,” and would permit a grievant to obtain an
       indefinite accrual of back pay by delaying the filing. The current case, however,
       involves a single act—the inadvertent failure to include the teachers on a list—
       that caused continuing damage, i.e., the wage deficit. Continuing damage
       ordinarily does not convert an otherwise isolated act into a continuing practice.
       Once the teachers learned about the pay discrepancy, they had an obligation to
       initiate the grievance procedure.

Id. at 729, 391 S.E.2d at 742. Therefore, like the pay raise at issue in Spahr, the WVDNR’s

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decision not to award the 2000 pay raise to petitioners was a singular event, and not a continuing
practice. Consequently, once petitioners learned of the pay discrepancy, they had an obligation to
initiate their grievance procedure. Accordingly, we find that the Grievance Board and the circuit
court correctly found the “continuing practice” exception does not apply in this case. As such,
the circuit court did not err in dismissing petitioner’s action as untimely filed.1

        Finally, petitioners argue that the Grievance Board was collaterally estopped from
denying their grievance given (1) that the Circuit Court of Kanawha County found the Antolini
petitioners were entitled to relief, and (2) petitioners are similarly situated to the Antolini
petitioners. However, petitioners are not similarly situated because, unlike the Antolini
petitioners, they did not timely file their grievance. Therefore, we find no error.

       For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the circuit court’s June 4, 2014, order.

                                                                                        Affirmed.

ISSUED: May 15, 2015

CONCURRED IN BY:

Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Brent D. Benjamin
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Allen H. Loughry II

DISQUALIFIED:

Chief Justice Margaret L. Workman




       1
           We note that, pursuant to West Virginia Code § 6C-2-3(f),

       [u]pon a timely request, any [public] employee may intervene and become a party
       to a grievance at any level when the employee demonstrates that the disposition of
       the action may substantially and adversely affect his or her rights or property and
       that his or her interest is not adequately represented by the existing parties.

Consequently, despite the fact that petitioners failed to timely file their grievance, they could
have sought to intervene in Antolini during the pendency of that case, but failed to so.
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