Opinion filed December 10, 2015




                                       In The


        Eleventh Court of Appeals
                                    ___________

                              No. 11-14-00351-CV
                                    ___________

       IN THE INTEREST OF G.L.A. AND G.M., CHILDREN

                    On Appeal from the 318th District Court
                           Midland County, Texas
                       Trial Court Cause No. FM56304


                     MEMORANDUM OPINION
      Appellant is G.L.A.’s and G.M.’s mother; she appeals from an order in which
the trial court granted grandparent visitation to Appellee, G.L.A.’s and G.M.’s
paternal grandmother. We reverse and remand.
      In two issues, Appellant argues that Appellee presented insufficient evidence
to overcome the presumption that Appellant acted in the best interest of the children.
Appellant asserts that Appellee failed to show that denial of possession of or access
to the children would significantly impair the children’s emotional well-being.
Appellant maintains that the trial court therefore abused its discretion.
      Before this suit was filed, G.L.A.’s and G.M.’s father died. The record reveals
that, after he died, his mother—Appellee—filed a petition in which she sought
grandparent access to G.L.A. and G.M. At a temporary hearing, the trial court
granted Appellee possession of and access to G.L.A. and G.M. at times mutually
agreed upon by Appellant and Appellee.
      Shortly after the temporary hearing, Appellant and the children moved to
Louisiana. After Appellant moved, the only contact between Appellee and her
grandchildren was by telephone. At the final hearing, the trial court granted
Appellee possession of G.L.A. and G.M. one weekend per month and one week
during the summer, and it also granted telephonic access one time each month.
      Section 153.433(2) of the Texas Family Code requires that a grandparent who
is seeking court-ordered access must overcome the presumption that a parent acts in
the best interest of his or her child. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 153.433(2) (West 2014);
In re Derzapf, 219 S.W.3d 327, 333 (Tex. 2007). To overcome the parental
presumption, the grandparent must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that
“denial of possession of or access to the child would significantly impair the child's
physical health or emotional well-being.” FAM. § 153.433(2). The supreme court
recently recognized that “so long as a parent adequately cares for his or her children
(i.e., is fit), there will normally be no reason for the State to inject itself into the
private realm of the family.” In re Derzapf; 219 S.W.3d at 333 (quoting In re Mays-
Hooper, 189 S.W.3d 777, 778 (Tex. 2006)) (internal quotation marks omitted). A
trial court abuses its discretion when it grants access to a grandparent who has not
met this standard. Id.
      Challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence are not independent grounds of
error in a review of custody determinations but are relevant factors in assessing
whether the trial court abused its discretion. Casas v. Adriano, No. 13-06-373-CV,
2007 WL 1941422, at *2 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi July 5, 2007, no pet.); In re

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T.D.C., 91 S.W.3d 865, 872 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2002, pet. denied). In these
suits, the traditional sufficiency standards of review overlap the abuse of discretion
standard, and appellate courts apply a two-prong analysis: (1) whether the trial court
had sufficient information upon which to exercise its discretion and (2) whether the
trial court erred in applying its discretion. Casas, 2007 WL 1941422, at *2; Child v.
Leverton, 210 S.W.3d 694, 696 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2006, no pet.).
      At the final hearing, screen shots of text messages were admitted into
evidence. Appellee believed that these text messages indicated that Appellant would
not comply with any court-ordered access to the children. However, Appellant
contends that those text messages were taken out of context. At that time, Appellee
had not seen her grandchildren since the temporary hearing. She had concerns that
the arrangement ordered in the temporary hearing would not be effective and that
she would never get to see her grandchildren. However, Appellee conceded that,
after the death of the children’s father, Appellant voluntarily took both children to
visit Appellee. Appellee testified that, prior to the death of her son, she had a
relationship with the oldest child, G.L.A. To support her contention, Appellee
presented several photographs that reflected her interaction with G.L.A. Appellee
asserted that she believed that the children’s emotional development would be
significantly impaired if G.L.A. and G.M. never got to see her. However, the only
such testimony arose during the direct examination of Appellee:
            Q.    Do you believe you having some type of visitation with
      your grandchildren is in their best interests?

             A.    Yes, I do.

            Q.    And how strongly do you feel it would significantly impair
      your grandchildren’s emotional development if you never got to see
      your grandchildren?

             A.    I know it would. Absolutely.

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      Appellee’s conclusory testimony as to her belief that the children’s emotional
development would be significantly impaired is the only supporting evidence that
Appellee presented to overcome the parental presumption under the grandparent
access statute. We previously said in In re J.M.T., that the evidence is lacking where
“[i]t essentially consists of an affirmative response from an interested witness (one
of the grandparents seeking access to the child) to a question that tracked the
language of the statute.” 280 S.W.3d 490, 493 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2009, no pet.).
As in In re J.M.T., Appellee did not explain why she believed that the children’s
emotional development would be significantly impaired absent visitations with her,
nor did she elaborate in any other manner that would support her contention. We
conclude that, without more, Appellee presented insufficient evidence to overcome
the parental presumption that Appellant acted in the best interest of the children. The
trial court, therefore, abused its discretion when it granted grandparent access to
Appellee. Accordingly, Appellant’s first and second issues are sustained.
      We reverse the order of the trial court and remand for further proceedings
consistent with this opinion.




                                                     JIM R. WRIGHT
                                                     CHIEF JUSTICE


December 10, 2015
Panel consists of: Wright, C.J.,
Willson, J., and Bailey, J.




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