J-A04029-15


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

TAMI D. PSCOLKA AND AARON M.                  IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PSCOLKA, HER HUSBAND,                               PENNSYLVANIA

                        Appellant

                   v.

KEVIN BOEHME, M.D.,

                        Appellee                   No. 987 WDA 2014


             Appeal from the Judgment Entered June 11, 2014
           In the Court of Common Pleas of Washington County
                     Civil Division at No(s): 2011-7946

BEFORE: BOWES, OLSON AND STRASSBURGER, JJ*

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.:                            FILED JUNE 22, 2015

     Appellants, Tami D. Pscolka (“Tami”) and Aaron M. Pscolka, appeal

from the judgment entered on June 11, 2014. We affirm.

     The relevant factual background of this case is as follows.   In mid-

September 2010, Tami experienced pain in her lower back. On September

22, 2010, she visited Dr. Kevin Boehme (“Boehme”), her primary care

physician. Boehme was aware that Tami previously suffered from a lumbar

disc herniation and a disc protrusion.    Boehme diagnosed Tami with a

muscle strain.   On Saturday, September 25, 2010, Tami went to the

emergency room of Canonsburg General Hospital because she was still

experiencing pain in her lower back.   Tami was treated by Dr. Gregory S.

Margeni (“Margeni”). Tami requested an MRI; however, Margeni diagnosed

Tami with sciatica.     After leaving Canonsburg General Hospital, Tami


* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court
J-A04029-15


continued to experience problems.   She did not call Boehme, however, as

she was unaware if he had an answering service.

     On Monday, September 27, 2010, Tami called Boehme and he ordered

an MRI.    An MRI was performed at Canonsburg General Hospital that

morning. Tami then went to Boehme’s office. At 4:00 p.m., Boehme was

notified of the MRI results showing there was a large herniation in the same

location as Tami’s previous disc herniation.   Boehme’s nurse called Tami,

informed her of the MRI results, and told her to see a neurosurgeon. Tami

immediately called the neurosurgeon but was informed that the office was

closed.

     On September 28, 2010, the neurosurgeon examined Tami and

diagnosed her with cauda equine syndrome caused by the large disc

herniation. The neurosurgeon sent Tami to Allegheny General Hospital and

surgery was performed the following day.       As a result of the injuries

allegedly caused by Tami’s large disc herniation and cauda equine syndrome,

Tami continues to suffer from lower back pain and other ailments.

     The relevant procedural history of this case is as follows. Appellants

instituted the instant action via writ of summons on November 3, 2011. On

August 20, 2012, Appellants filed their second amended complaint against

Boehme, Margeni, Canonsburg General Hospital, West Penn Allegheny

Health System, Inc. d/b/a Allegheny General Hospital, and Allegheny

Specialty Practice Network.   Appellants alleged the defendants committed



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medical malpractice. On April 15, 2014, Appellant entered into a settlement

agreement with all defendants other than Boehme.            Pursuant to that

settlement agreement, on April 29, 2014, the trial court dismissed all

defendants other than Boehme.

      On April 28, 2014, Appellants filed two motions in limine.      The first

sought to exclude evidence relating to the negligence of any health care

provider other than Boehme.        The second sought to exclude evidence

regarding the comparative negligence of Appellants.      The trial court twice

entertained argument on the motions prior to trial and reserved ruling on

both motions. Trial began on May 12, 2014. On the morning of May 13,

2014, the trial court granted the motion relating to comparative negligence.

On the morning of May 14, 2014, the trial court granted in part and denied

in part the motion relating to the negligence of the settling defendants.

Specifically, the trial court permitted Appellants’ expert witnesses to testify

regarding the settling defendants’ negligence insofar as their testimony was

consistent with their expert reports.

      On May 16, 2014, the jury returned a verdict in favor of Boehme. It

found that Boehme was not negligent; therefore, it did not reach the special

interrogatory regarding causation. On May 23, 2014, Appellants filed a post-

trial motion. On May 29, 2014, the trial court denied the post-trial motion.




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On June 11, 2014, judgment was entered in favor of Boehme. This timely

appeal followed.1

      Appellants present five issues for our review:

    1. Whether Appellants’ motion in limine to preclude evidence of the
       negligence of other health care providers should have been
       granted?

    2. Whether [Boehme] should have been permitted to introduce
       evidence and testimony regarding the negligence of co-
       defendants who had signed joint tortfeasors’ releases with
       Appellants prior to trial, who had been dismissed from the
       action, and against whom Boehme had never asserted any cross
       claims nor introduced any evidence before trial?

    3. Whether Appellants’ expert medical witnesses should have been
       compelled to testify on behalf of Boehme regarding the
       negligence of co-defendants who had signed joint tortfeasors’
       releases with Appellants prior to trial, who had been dismissed
       from the action, and against whom Boehme had never asserted
       any cross claims nor introduced any evidence before trial?

    4. Whether Appellants’ motion in limine to exclude evidence
       regarding the comparative negligence of [Appellants] should
       have been granted prior to two days after the start of trial?

    5. Whether the curative instruction given to the jury by the court at
       the conclusion of trial regarding the comparative negligence of
       Appellants was sufficient to overcome the prejudice caused by
       the testimony elicited by [Boehme] and the closing statement of
       his counsel?

Appellants’ Brief at 3 (certain capitalization and honorifics omitted).


1
  On June 24, 2014, the trial court ordered Appellants to file a concise
statement of errors complained of on appeal (“concise statement”). See
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).    On July 15, 2014, Appellants filed their concise
statement. On August 22, 2014, the trial court issued its Rule 1925(a)
opinion. All issues raised on appeal were included in Appellants’ concise
statement.



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      Although stated as five separate questions, Appellants essentially

present two issues for our review – whether the trial court erred in its

rulings on the relevant motions in limine.       “When reviewing a ruling on a

motion in limine, we apply an evidentiary abuse of discretion standard of

review. The admission of evidence is committed to the sound discretion of

the   trial   court   and   our   review   is   for   an   abuse   of    discretion.”

Commonwealth v. Parker, 104 A.3d 17, 21 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citation

omitted). We conclude that even if the trial court erred by not granting both

motions in limine prior to trial, such error was harmless.              “An error is

harmless if the court determines that the error could not have contributed to

the verdict.” Bensinger v. Univ. of Pittsburgh Med. Ctr., 98 A.3d 672,

683 n.12 (Pa. Super. 2014) (internal alterations and citation omitted).

      As to the comparative negligence motion in limine, it is well-settled

under Pennsylvania law that “where a jury finds no negligence on the part of

a defendant, purported error regarding questions of comparative and/or

contributory negligence are not prejudicial and cannot serve as a basis for

the award of a new trial.” Boyle v. Indep. Lift Truck, Inc., 6 A.3d 492,

496 (Pa. 2010) (citations omitted); see Jewelcor Jewelers & Distribs.,

Inc. v. Corr, 542 A.2d 72, 80 (Pa. Super. 1988), appeal denied, 569 A.2d

1367 (Pa. 1989); Mickey v. Ayers, 485 A.2d 1199, 1203 (Pa. Super.

1984); Robinson v. Philadelphia, 478 A.2d 1, 3-4 (Pa. Super. 1984); Ries

v. MTD Products, Inc., 456 A.2d 211, 214 (Pa. Super. 1983); Dean v.



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Trembley, 137 A.2d 880, 883 (Pa. Super. 1958); Whitton v. H.A. Gable

Co., 200 A. 644, 646 (Pa. 1938) (“[A]s the jury found no negligence on the

part of appellee the question of contributory negligence passes out of the

case, and any error in the charge in this respect would not have been

prejudicial.”); see also Harkins v. Calumet Realty Co., 614 A.2d 699, 707

(Pa. Super. 1992) (same with respect to superseding cause).              As noted

above, the jury in this case found that Boehme was not negligent and

therefore did not reach the issue of causation.     Accordingly, any error in

permitting evidence of comparative negligence was harmless.

     As to the motion in limine regarding evidence of the settling

defendants’   negligence,   we   conclude   that   evidence   of   the    settling

defendants’ negligence could only have affected the issue of causation.

Therefore, since that evidence did not impact the jury’s determination as to

whether Boehme deviated from the standard of care in his treatment of

Tami, we likewise find any alleged error to be harmless. As

     [t]he jury found no negligence on the part of [the] defendant,
     [it] never reached the issues of causation or damages.
     Therefore, any error with regard to the testimony on causation
     was harmless and cannot be the basis for a new trial. . . .
     Plaintiffs suggest that the jurors may have decided there was no
     negligence because they thought there was no causation, but
     this is sheer conjecture.

Zoppi v. Seok, 51 Pa. D. & C.4th 541, 554–555 (C.C.P. Lehigh 2001), aff’d,

804 A.2d 72 (Pa. Super. 2002) (unpublished memorandum); see Parr v.

Ford Motor Co., 2014 WL 7243152, *14 (Pa. Super. Dec. 22, 2014) (en



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banc) (error in admission of causation evidence was harmless as the jury did

not reach the issue of causation).2 Accordingly, the admission of evidence

relating to the negligence of the settling defendants did not contribute to the

jury’s verdict.   As any error in not granting Appellants’ motion in limine

regarding the settling defendants’ negligence was harmless, Appellants are

not entitled to relief.

      Judgment affirmed.

      Strassburger, J. joins the memorandum.

      Bowes, J., concurs in result.



Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 6/22/2015




2
   All of the cases cited above relating to why the admission of the
comparative negligence evidence was, at the most, harmless error also
indicate that when the jury does not reach the issue of causation, any error
relating to the admission of causation evidence is harmless.



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