      [Cite as In Re: Proposed Charter Petition, 2018-Ohio-3269.]


                        IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                           FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                ATHENS COUNTY

IN RE: PROPOSED CHARTER                             :               Case No. 17CA22
PETITION                                            :
                                                    :               DECISION AND JUDGMENT
                                                    :               ENTRY
                                                    :               Released: 08/08/18

                                        APPEARANCES:

Terry J. Lodge, Toledo, Ohio, and Patrick C. McGee, Athens, Ohio, for
Appellants.

Keller J. Blackburn, Athens County Prosecuting Attorney, and Zachary L.
Saunders, Athens County Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, Athens, Ohio, for
Appellee.

L. Bradfield Hughes, Porter Wright Morris & Arthur LLP, Columbus, Ohio, for
Amici Curiae Affiliated Construction Trades Ohio Foundation, The Ohio Chamber
of Commerce, the National Association of Royalty Owners, and the American
Petroleum Institute.

Lisa Babish Forbes and Natalia M. Cabrera, Vorys, Sater, Seymour and Pease
LLP, Cleveland, Ohio, for Amici Curiae Ohio Oil and Gas Association.


Per Curiam.

      {¶1} Saraquoia Bryant, Margaret Hummon, John Howell, Richard McGinn,

and Sally Jo Wiley formed a committee to sponsor a “Petition for the County

Charter Government Proposal” which was the subject of court action in the Athens

County Court of Common Pleas. “The Committee” submitted their petition for a

proposed county charter to the Athens County Board of Elections (“BOE”) for
Athens App. No. 17CA22                                                           2

certification but the BOE denied certification. The Committee appealed the denial

to the common pleas court. On July 19, 2017 and July 25, 2017, the trial court

entered judgment which affirmed the BOE’s denial, and it is from these entries the

Committee appeals. The Committee raises four assignments of error for our

review. However, having reviewed the record, we find we do not have jurisdiction

to review the matter due to lack of a final appealable order. Accordingly, we must

dismiss this appeal.

                                       FACTS

      {¶2} The aforementioned Committee wrote and sponsored a proposed

county charter form of government for Athens County, Ohio. In spring 2017, the

Committee circulated an initiative petition seeking to convert the Athens County

government to the proposed charter form. The proposed charter contains, among a

variety of provisions, a community bill of rights to create local control over

environmentally harmful projects and processes.

      {¶3} On or about June 28, 2017, the Committee filed the proposed county

charter petition with the Athens County BOE. On or about July 10, 2017, the BOE

determined that the proposed county charter petition contained sufficient valid

signatures. However, the BOE also determined that the proposed county charter

petition was invalid because the proposed county charter failed to provide for an
Athens App. No. 17CA22                                                         3

“elective county executive or an appointive county executive” as mandated under

Ohio R.C. 302.02.

          {¶4} Pursuant to Ohio R.C. 307.94, the Committee requested a hearing in

the Athens County Common Pleas Court to establish the validity or invalidity of

the county charter petition. On July 17, 2017, the trial court heard arguments from

the Committee and the BOE. On or about July 19, 2017, the trial court issued a

decision finding: (1) there was an insufficient number of elector signatures which

disqualified the petition; and, (2) the BOE correctly concluded that the charter

proposal failed to provide for an elective county executive or an appointive county

executive. On July 25, 2017, the trial court reversed its prior ruling regarding the

insufficient number of elector signatures. The trial court’s decision dated July 25,

2017 ordered that the July 19, 2017 decision and judgment entry be amended nunc

pro tunc to reflect that the Committee fully complied with the signature

requirements of Ohio R.C. 307.94. However, the trial court’s nunc pro tunc order

also stated that the July 19, 2017 decision and judgment entry was to remain in full

force and effect.

          {¶5} This timely appeal followed. The Committee requests that the BOE

and trial court rulings be reversed. The Committee further requests an order that

the Athens County charter proposal be placed on the next appropriate election

ballot.
Athens App. No. 17CA22                                                          4

      {¶6} The Affiliated Construction Trades Ohio Foundation, the Ohio

Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Royalty Owners, and the

American Petroleum Institute, along with the Ohio Oil and Gas Association, have

filed amicus briefs in support of the BOE. These amici share various concerns

about the proposed petition. For example, the petition provides in Section 1.5 that

the people have the right to “modify the rights, powers, privileges, immunities, or

duties of corporations that act within the County when those corporate rights,

powers, privileges, immunities, or other duties conflict with the rights of people or

nature.” These amici respectfully submit that the BOE decision was properly

upheld by the trial court and that it should be upheld by this court as well.

                           ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

      “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY REFUSING TO HOLD THAT
      OHIO CONST.ART.X, SEC. 3 PROVIDES A SEPARATE AND
      INDEPENDENT MEANS OF CREATING A COUNTY CHARTER
      FORM OF COUNTY GOVERNMENT

      II. THE BOE AND TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FAILING TO
      RECOGNIZE THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT OF LOCAL
      COMMUNITY SELF-GOVERNMENT, WHICH PREVENTS
      BOARDS OF ELECTIONS AND THE COURTS FROM
      DISQUALIFYING A PROPOSED CHARTER UNTIL THE
      PEOPLE HAVE VOTED UPON THEM.

      III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN UPHOLDING PRE-
      ELECTION SUBSTANTIVE REVIEW AND VETO POWERS
      USED BY THE BOE, UNCONSTITUTIONALLY INFRINGE ON
      THE PEOPLE’S INHERENT RIGHT TO LEGISLATE AND TO
      HAVE MEANINGFUL REDRESS IN THE COURTS.
Athens App. No. 17CA22                                                                                       5

         IV. HB 463 IS UNCONSTITUIONAL BECAUSE IT VIOLATES
         THE ‘ONE-SUBJECT’ RULE OF ARTICLE II, SEC 15(D) OF THE
         OHIO CONSTITUTION.”

                                            LEGAL ANALYSIS

         {¶7} The Committee has filed notice of appeal from the decision and

judgment entry dated July 19, 2017 and the judgment entry nunc pro tunc granting

the motion for relief from judgment filed on July 25, 2017. This is problematic.

We do not have jurisdiction over this appeal if the trial court's judgment entry does

not constitute a final appealable order.

         {¶8} “Ohio law provides that appellate courts have jurisdiction to review the

final orders or judgments of inferior courts in their district.” Saunders v. Grim, 4th

Dist. Vinton No. 08CA668, 08CA669, ¶ 5, quoting Caplinger v. Raines, 4th Dist.

Ross No. 02CA2683, 2003-Ohio-2586, at ¶ 2, citing Section 3(B)(2), Article IV,

Ohio Constitution; R.C. 2505.02. If an order is not final and appealable, then we

have no jurisdiction to review the matter. “In the event that this jurisdictional issue

is not raised by the parties involved with the appeal, then the appellate court must

raise it sua sponte.” Id., citing Chef Italiano Corp. v. Kent State Univ., 44 Ohio

St.3d 86, (1989), syllabus1; Whitaker-Merrell v. Geupel Co., 29 Ohio St.2d 184,

186 (1972).


1
  In Chef Italiano, the Supreme Court of Ohio held that a summary judgment decision was not final because it had
resolved only two of four claims against a party. The resolved claims were for specific performance and to quiet
title. Id. at 86, 541 N.E.2d 64. The unresolved claims involved breach of contract and breach of fiduciary duty. Id.
Although the trial court order contained a Civ.R. 54(B) determination, the Supreme Court of Ohio concluded that
Athens App. No. 17CA22                                                                                          6

         {¶9} In the Decision & Judgment Entry journalized July 19, 2017, the trial

court found as follows:

         (1) “[T]he petition does not contain at least 10% of the required
             amount of valid signatures necessary for the petition for a charter
             form of government to be placed upon the ballot. R.C. 307.94.
             Accordingly, the Court finds that the petition is invalid as it
             contains an insufficient amount of validated signatures. Article X,
             Section 3 of the Ohio Constitution; R.C. 307.94”; and,

         (2) “The Board based its decision not to certify the petition on their
            finding that the petition failed to provide for a valid ‘alternate form
            of county government’ as the petition failed to provide for a
            ‘county executive.’ * * *[T]he Court finds that the Board’s
            decision that the petition was invalid for failing to provide for the
            appointment or election of a county executive is reasonable. R.C.
            302.02; State ex rel. Walker v. Husted, (2015), 144 Ohio St. 3d
            361, R.C. Section 3501.11(K)(2); R.C. Section 3501.38
            (M)(1)(b).”

         {¶10} The July 19th entry also disposed of the matter as follows:

         “THEREFORE, it is ORDERED that the determination of the Athens
         County Board of Elections that the petition is invalid is affirmed.
         * * * For the reasons stated above, Petitioner’s proposed Charter
         Petition is not certified to the Athens County Board of Commissioners
         (sic) for placement on the ballot.”

         {¶11} In the Judgment Entry Nunc Pro Tunc Granting Motion for Relief

From Judgment entered July 25, 2017, the trial court made this pertinent finding:


the order was not a final order for purposes of Civ.R. 54(B) because it did not prevent the plaintiff from obtaining
judgment against the defendants who had received partial summary judgment. Id. at 87–89, 541 N.E.2d 64. As a
response to Chef Italiano, Civ.R. 54(B) was amended, effective July 1, 1992. See LaMusga v. Summit Square
Rehab, L.L.C., 2nd Dist. Montgomery No. 26641, 2015-Ohio-5305, 43 N.E.3d 504, ¶¶ 26 and 27. The Supreme
Court of Ohio subsequently discussed the 1992 amendments in State ex rel. Wright v. Ohio Adult Parole Auth., 75
Ohio St.3d 82, 661 N.E.2d 728 (1996). In Wright, the court noted that: “Civ.R. 54(B) was amended, effective July 1,
1992, to expressly state that it does apply to multiple claims that arise out of the same transaction, as well as separate
transactions * * *.” Id. at 86, 661 N.E.2d 728.
Athens App. No. 17CA22                                                           7

      (1) “The Court notes that the Athens County Board of Elections, by
          counsel, agrees that sufficient elector signatures were submitted to
          comply with the requirement that an amount of signatures equal to
          10% of the number of votes for Governor in the 2014 general
          election be gathered in support of the Petition.”

      {¶12} Neither the July 19th nor the July 25th entries state that they are final

appealable orders or even just that they are final orders. However, the July 19th

entry in effect terminates the action by finding that the BOE’s decision was

reasonable and by ordering that the proposed charter was not certified for

placement on the ballot. Given those findings, the July 19th entry in effect

forecloses the matter and therefore we find it to be a final order.

      {¶13} Turning to the July 25th entry, we note that it was entered upon

consideration of the Committee’s Civ.R. 60(B)(1) motion for partial relief from

judgment, based upon mistake. In the motion, the Committee pointed out that the

trial court’s determination regarding the signature issue was erroneously found.

The court noted in its July 25th entry that upon further consideration and inquiry,

the motion was found to be well taken and emphasized that the BOE, through its

counsel, agreed that the number of elector signatures was sufficient to comply with

the statutory requirement. As a preliminary matter, we point out that making a

substantive correction to an entry is not the proper use of the nunc pro tunc

language.
Athens App. No. 17CA22                                                                                   8

        {¶14} It is well-settled that courts possess the inherent authority to correct

errors in judgment entries at any time so that the record speaks the truth. State v.

Gavin, 18. State v. McCord, 12th Dist. Clermont No. 2013–12–096, 2014–Ohio–

3187, ¶ 8; State v. Lester, 130 Ohio St.3d 303, 2011–Ohio–5204, 958 N.E.2d 142,

¶ 18; Crim.R. 36. Thus, a trial court may enter a nunc pro tunc entry where the

original judgment entry contains “a clerical error, mistake, or omission that is

mechanical in nature and apparent on the record and does not involve a legal

decision or judgment.” Lester at ¶ 18. In the civil realm, we have previously

explained that Civ. R. 60(A) permits a trial court to modify a judgment if it

contains a clerical error, but not a substantive error. Shaver v. Shaver, 4th Dist.

Gallia No. 05CA5, 2005-Ohio-6642, ¶13; State ex rel. Litty v. Leskovyansky, 77

Ohio St.3d 97, 100, 1996-Ohio-34, 671 N.E.2d 236 (superseded on other grounds);

Londrico v. Delores C. Knowlton, Inc., 88 Ohio App.3d 282, 285, 623 N.E.2d 723

(9th Dist. 1993); Kuehn v. Kuehn, 55 Ohio App.3d 245, 247, 564 N.E.2d 97 (12th

Dist. 1988).2

        “The basic distinction between clerical mistakes that can be corrected
        under Civ.R. 60(A) and substantive mistakes that cannot be corrected
        is that the former consists of ‘blunders in execution’ whereas the latter
        consists of instances where the court changes its mind, either because
        it made a legal or factual mistake in making its original determination,
        or because, on second thought, it has decided to exercise its discretion
        in a different manner.” Shaver, supra, quoting Kuehn at 247, citing

2
 Kuehn was superseded by statute on other grounds as stated in Peck v. Peck, Ohio App. 12 Dist., September 6,
1994 96 Ohio App.3d 371, 645 N.E.2d 1300 (12th Dist. 1994).
Athens App. No. 17CA22                                                             9

      Blanton v. Anzalone (C.A.9, 1987), 813 F.2d 1574, 1577. Thus, a
      clerical mistake within the purview of Civ.R. 60(A) must be ‘a
      mistake or omission, mechanical in nature and apparent on the record,
      which does not involve a legal decision or judgment.’ State ex rel.
      Litty, at 100.”

      {¶15} As is obvious, the July 25, 2017 nunc pro tunc entry modified a

substantive portion of the July 19, 2017 legal decision because the trial court

recognized a factual mistake it its initial determination regarding the signatures.

The trial court did not simply correct a clerical error or omission. On July 19th,

the trial court found the petition did not have sufficient signatures. However, on

July 25th, after further consideration of the Committee’s motion for relief from

judgment, the trial court concluded the petition did in fact have the sufficient

number of signatures. Use of the nunc pro tunc language in the second entry was

not proper. Moreover, upon review, it appears the July 25th entry is not a final

appealable order.

      {¶16} “[T]he primary function of a final order or judgment is the termination

of a case or controversy that the parties have submitted to the trial court for

resolution.” Downard v. Gilliland, 4th Dist. Gallia No. 10CA2, 2011-Ohio-1783,

¶10, quoting Harkai v. Scherba Industries, Inc., 136 Ohio App.3d 211, 215, 736

N.E.2d 101 (9th Dist. 2000); Burns v. Morgan, 165 Ohio App.3d 694, 2006–Ohio–

1213, 847 N.E.2d 1288, (4th Dist.) ¶ 8. “One fundamental principle in the

interpretation of judgments is that, to terminate the matter, the order must contain a
Athens App. No. 17CA22                                                              10

statement of the relief that is being afforded the parties.” Harkai at 215, 736

N.E.2d 101; Burns at ¶ 8; see also White v. White, 4th Dist. Gallia No. 01CA12,

2002-Ohio-6304, at ¶ 15; Yahraus v. Circleville, 4th Dist. Pickaway No. 00CA04,

2000-Ohio-2019, *2. Thus, a purported judgment that does not specify the relief

granted does not terminate the action and does not constitute a final appealable

order. See Harkai, 136 Ohio App.3d at 221, 736 N.E.2d 101; Wellborn v. K–Beck

Furn. Mart, Inc., 54 Ohio App.2d 65, 66, 375 N.E.2d 61 (10th Dist. 1977); King v.

Kelly, 4th Dist. Lawrence No. 01CA33, 2002-Ohio-4647, at ¶ 12.

      {¶17} A trial court, however, need not issue an “encyclopedic” judgment

entry, but the judgment entry must contain clear language to provide basic notice

of rights, duties, and obligations. Downard, supra, at ¶11; Lavelle v. Cox, 11th

Dist. Trumbull No. 90–T–4396, 1991 WL, 35642 (Ford, J., concurring). A

judgment entry must be worded in such a way that the parties do not need to refer

to any other document to determine how the judgment affects their rights. As the

Harkai court explained:

      “ ‘[T]he content of the judgment must be definite enough to be
      susceptible to further enforcement and provide sufficient information
      to enable the parties to understand the outcome of the case. If the
      judgment fails to speak to an area which was disputed, uses
      ambiguous or confusing language, or is otherwise indefinite, the
      parties and subsequent courts will be unable to determine how the
      parties' rights and obligations were fixed by the trial court.’ Id. at 216,
      736 N.E.2d 101, quoting Walker v. Walker, 9th Dist. Summit No.
      12978, 1987 WL 15591.”
Athens App. No. 17CA22                                                           11

      {¶18} In the present matter, while the language of the July 25th nunc pro

tunc entry clearly references its finding of a mistake with regard to the trial court’s

conclusion regarding the signatures, the trial court made no explicit finding as to

the major dispute between the parties regarding compliance with R.C. 302.02. In

the July 25th nunc pro tunc entry, the trial court disposed of the case as follows:

      “IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND DECREED
      that the July 19, 2017 Decision and Judgment Entry in this matter
      shall be, and hereby is, amended nunc pro tunc. * * * IT IS
      FURTHER ORDERED THAT, except as modified by this Judgment
      Entry, the July 19, 2017 Decision and Judgment Entry shall otherwise
      remain in full force and effect.”

      {¶19} This vague language requires reference to the prior July 19th entry to

determine what exactly is still “in full force and effect.” While reviewing the

parties’ briefs and the record in preparation of this opinion, we are fully aware of

the implication of the trial court’s decisions and the entries read together.

However, as discussed in Burns, supra, at ¶ 10, one must resort to review of the

prior entry to see that the trial court did not change its determination as to the

application of R.C. 302.02 in this matter. See also McCoy v. Sullivan, 4th Dist.

Scioto No. 16CA3739, 2016-Ohio-3054, at ¶ 5; Deutsche Bank Natl. Co. v.

Caldwell, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 100594, 2014-Ohio-2982, at ¶ 19; NovaStar

Mtg., Inc. v. Akin, 11th Dist. Trumbull Nos. 2007-T-0111 and 2007-T-0117, at
Athens App. No. 17CA22                                                            12

¶ 47. And, the July 25th entry does not explicitly state the relief granted the

parties. See Burns, supra, at ¶ 8; Downard, supra, at ¶ 10; NovaStar, supra at ¶ 47;

and Bibbee v. Bibbee, 4th Dist. Athens No.15CA38, 2016-Ohio-5188, at ¶ 23.

      {¶20} Based on the foregoing, we find the July 25th entry of the trial court is

not a final appealable order and as such, we have no jurisdiction to consider this

appeal. Accordingly, we dismiss the appeal.

                                                            APPEAL DISMISSED.
Athens App. No. 17CA22                                                             13

                                JUDGMENT ENTRY


     It is ordered that the APPEAL BE DISMISSED. Costs assessed to
Appellants.

      The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

     It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the
Athens County Common Pleas Court to carry this judgment into execution.

       Any stay previously granted by this Court is hereby terminated as of the date
of this entry.

       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule
27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

Hoover, P.J., Abele, J., & McFarland, J.: Concur in Judgment and Opinion.


                                  For the Court,


                                  BY: ______________________________
                                      Marie Hoover, Presiding Judge


                                  BY: ______________________________
                                      Peter B. Abele, Judge


                                  BY: ______________________________
                                      Matthew W. McFarland, Judge


                                 NOTICE TO COUNSEL
       Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final judgment entry and
the time period for further appeal commences from the date of filing with the clerk.
