Filed 6/11/15 Spadaro v. Riverside County Dept. of Animal Services CA4/2

                      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
 California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
                                     or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.


           IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                   FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                 DIVISION TWO



CHARLOTTE SPADARO,

         Plaintiff and Appellant,                                        E058093

v.                                                                       (Super.Ct.No. RIC10008502)

RIVERSIDE COUNTY DEPARTMENT                                              OPINION
OF ANIMAL SERVICES et al.,

         Defendants and Respondents.



         APPEAL from the Superior Court of Riverside County. Gloria Trask, Judge.

Affirmed.

         Charlotte Spadaro, in pro. per. for Plaintiff and Appellant.

         Pamela J. Walls, County Counsel, and Raymond M. Mistica, Deputy County

Counsel, for Defendants and Respondents.

         Plaintiff and appellant Charlotte Spadaro filed three separate complaints, later

consolidated into a single master file by the superior court, alleging various causes of

action against defendants and respondents Riverside County Department of Animal

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Services (Department) and Robert Miller (Miller and, together with the Department,

defendants) related to the Department’s seizure of animals from her and issuance of 242

citations against her for violations of the City of Riverside’s dog licensing laws. On

December 19, 2012, the trial court dismissed all three complaints and entered judgment

in favor of defendants. Plaintiff has appealed with respect to the dismissal of two of her

three complaints.

       Plaintiff, who is a former lawyer1 and represents herself in this appeal, has failed

to provide an adequate record to demonstrate error, and largely fails to articulate cogent

arguments as to why the trial court’s judgment should be reversed. (See City of Santa

Maria v. Adam (2012) 211 Cal.App.4th 266, 286-287 (City of Santa Maria) [“to

demonstrate error, an appellant must supply the reviewing court with some cogent

argument supported by legal analysis and citation to the record”].) To the extent coherent

claims of error may be gleaned from plaintiff’s briefing, those claims are without merit.

We affirm.

                    I. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

       The register of actions indicates that plaintiff filed three separate complaints, later

consolidated by the trial court, the first of which was filed May 5, 2010 (case No.

RIC10008502); the second on August 16, 2010 (case No. RIC10016299); and the third

on October 5, 2010 (case No. RIC10019580). Plaintiff failed to designate any of the


       1 The State Bar of California’s website indicates that plaintiff was disbarred on
July 6, 2013. (<http://members.calbar.ca.gov/fal/Member/Detail/47163 (as of May 11,
2015).)

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complaints for inclusion in the clerk’s transcript, however, so copies do not appear in our

record. We discern from other documents in the record, and the descriptions of the

parties, that plaintiff’s first complaint asserted only a claim for injunctive relief against

the Department. The second complaint alleged malicious prosecution and intentional

infliction of emotional distress against Robert Miller, who is Director of Animal Services

for the City of Riverside, based on the issuance of 242 citations to plaintiff for lack of

dog licenses with respect to animals kept at a property in Riverside. Her third complaint

alleged 13 causes of action, seeking monetary damages, injunctive relief, and writ relief

against the Department, Miller, and several other defendants not named in this appeal,

arising from the seizure of animals on April 23, 2010, from a second property in

Riverside.

       Prior to trial, defendants filed four motions in limine, which the court considered

in hearings on November 14, 15, and 19, 2012. Motion in Limine No. 1 sought to

exclude any evidence or argument regarding plaintiff’s first complaint, because the

complaint was moot. Motion in Limine No. 2 sought to exclude any evidence or

argument concerning plaintiff’s second complaint, arguing that complaint failed to state a

cause of action because Miller is immune from liability pursuant to Government Code

section 821.6. Motion in Limine No. 3 sought to exclude any evidence in support of

claims not reflected in a timely filed government claim, including all claims for money

damages in plaintiff’s third complaint. Motion in Limine No. 4 sought to exclude any

evidence and argument concerning plaintiff’s third complaint, arguing that the claims

asserted therein were moot.

                                               3
       With respect to plaintiff’s first complaint, the trial court granted Motion in Limine

No. 1, and dismissed the complaint in its entirety because the claim for injunctive relief

was moot. Plaintiff does not challenge this dismissal on appeal.

       With respect to plaintiff’s second complaint, the trial court granted Motion in

Limine No. 2, and dismissed the complaint in its entirety on the ground that Miller is

immune from liability pursuant to Government Code section 821.6, so the complaint fails

to state a cause of action against him.

       With respect to plaintiff’s third complaint, the trial court granted Motion in Limine

No. 3, granted in part Motion in Limine No. 4, and made additional findings that certain

claims failed to state a cause of action, dismissing on those bases 12 of 13 causes of

action asserted. The trial court was prepared to proceed to trial with respect to the

remaining cause of action, for writ of mandate, but found plaintiff “was not prepared to

proceed and the writ was nothing but a shell and the Court had nothing to proceed on.”

Plaintiff had failed to prepare the administrative record or file a brief on the petition for

writ of mandate. On that basis, the court dismissed the remaining cause of action for writ

of mandate.

       The trial court entered judgment in favor of defendants on all claims, in all three

complaints, on December 19, 2012.

                                      II. DISCUSSION

A. Plaintiff Failed to Provide an Adequate Record on Appeal.

       As noted above, plaintiff failed to include copies of her complaints in the record

she designated on appeal. It is axiomatic that it is the appellant’s responsibility to

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provide an adequate record demonstrating error, and failure to do so “results in

affirmance of the trial court’s determination.” (Estrada v. Ramirez (1999) 71

Cal.App.4th 618, 620, fn. 1.) Application of this principle is fatal to plaintiff’s appeal.

       In an appeal claiming that the trial court erred by dismissing a complaint, a copy

of the complaint itself is obviously an essential part of the record. In its absence, we

must assume whatever is necessary to affirm the trial court’s dismissal was included (or

absent from) the complaint. (See City of Santa Maria, supra, 211 Cal.App.4th at p. 286

[“The most fundamental rule of appellate review is that a judgment is presumed correct,

all intendments and presumptions are indulged in its favor, and ambiguities are resolved

in favor of affirmance.”].) Plaintiff’s failure to include her complaints in the record,

therefore, is an independently sufficient basis for affirming the trial court’s judgment.

Nevertheless, to the extent it is possible to do so, we discuss plaintiff’s asserted claims of

error briefly below.

B. The Trial Court Did Not Err by Addressing Defendants’ Motions in Limine.

       Plaintiff asserts that defendants’ motions in limine were in essence dispositive

motions, and suggests that the trial court therefore erred by proceeding to rule on them.

This argument rests on the proposition that “in limine motions are not designed to replace

the dispositive motions prescribed [by] the Code of Civil Procedure . . . .”

       Even accepting plaintiff’s premises, it does not follow that the trial court erred.

Based on its inherent powers to control litigation and conserve judicial resources, the

court may enter judgment in favor of a defendant whenever it has been demonstrated that

a plaintiff has failed to state any cause of action, including on a motion in limine.

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(Coshow v. City of Escondido (2005) 132 Cal.App.4th 687, 701.) Plaintiff has

demonstrated no error.

C. The Trial Court Did Not Err by Denying Plaintiff’s Requests for Continuance.

       Plaintiff further asserts that the trial court erred by failing to grant her a

continuance of trial, both because she required more time to brief her response to

defendants’ motions in limine, and because she needed more time to obtain and file the

administrative record. We find nothing in the record tending to show that the trial court’s

refusal to grant a continuance was an abuse of discretion. (See, e.g., Thurman v.

Bayshore Transit Management, Inc. (2012) 203 Cal.App.4th 1112, 1126 [grant or denial

of a continuance is committed to the sound discretion of the trial court].)

       There is no requirement that plaintiff be given any particular amount of time to

respond to motions in limine. To the contrary, the California Rules of Court provide that

“a motion in limine filed before or during trial need not be accompanied by a notice of

hearing” and “[t]he timing and place of the filing and service of the motion are at the

discretion of the trial judge.” (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 3.1112(f).) Moreover,

defendants’ motions in limine were served on plaintiff by mail on October 25, 2012,

plaintiff admitted receiving them by November 2 or 3, 2012, and the court did not begin

to hear the motions until November 14, 2012. The trial court allowed plaintiff an

additional time thereafter, until November 19, 2012, to file a written brief addressing any

issues she wished, and did not rule on the motions in limine until receiving and reviewing

the briefing plaintiff chose to submit on that date. The trial judge was well within its

discretion to deny any further time for briefing on the motions in limine.

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       Neither do we find any abuse of discretion by the trial court in declining to allow

plaintiff more time to obtain the administrative record. Plaintiff’s complaints were filed

more than two years before the hearings on defendant’s motions in limine, yet there is

nothing in the record suggesting that she ever attempted to obtain the administrative

record, let alone that she made a written request that the record be prepared, pursuant to

Code of Civil Procedure section 1094.6, subdivision (c). Again, the trial court was well

within its discretion to deny any continuance.

D. Plaintiff’s Malicious Prosecution Claim Was Properly Dismissed.

       Plaintiff suggests that the court should not have dismissed her malicious

prosecution claim against Miller because an exception to governmental immunity applies.

She does so, however, only by a series of rhetorical questions, and the bald assertion that

she should be able to explore those questions at trial. She fails to make reference to any

facts pleaded in her complaint, tending to show governmental immunity does not apply in

this case. 2 She makes no reference to evidence she intended to present at trial that might

tend to show Miller is not immune from liability. And the only case law she cites in

support of her argument, Adkins v. State of California (1996) 50 Cal.App.4th 1802, deals

with governmental immunity under the Emergency Services Act, Government Code

section 8655, rather than the immunity provided by Government Claims Act—

specifically, Government Code section 821.6—which is the applicable immunity here.

Plaintiff has demonstrated no error.

       2 She could not, of course, cite to any such facts pleaded, since she failed to
designate the complaints as part of the record on appeal.

                                             7
E. Plaintiff’s Additional Arguments Are Summarily Rejected.

       To the extent plaintiff’s briefing may be construed to raise additional claims of

error, other than those discussed above, those claims of error are not supported by cogent

legal analysis and citation to the record. (See City of Santa Maria, supra, 211

Cal.App.4th pp. 286-287.) On that basis, any arguments plaintiff may have intended to

raise that we have not addressed herein are summarily rejected.

                                      III. DISPOSITION

       The judgment appealed from is affirmed. Defendants shall recover costs on

appeal.

       NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS


                                                               HOLLENHORST
                                                                                           J.
We concur:


       RAMIREZ
                              P.J.

       MILLER
                                 J.




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