                                                    In the
                              Missouri Court of Appeals
                                          Western District
 DUANE SCHREIMANN,                                        )
                                                          )
                   Respondent                             )   WD83025
                                                          )
 DANIEL BARKHO,                                           )   OPINION FILED: March 3, 2020
                                                          )
                   Respondent,                            )
                                                          )
 v.                                                       )
                                                          )
 DOUGLAS READY,                                           )
                                                          )
                     Appellant.                           )

                 Appeal from the Circuit Court of Boone County, Missouri
                            The Honorable Jodi C. Asel, Judge

  Before Division Two: Cynthia L. Martin, Presiding Judge, Thomas H. Newton, Judge
                              and Gary D. Witt, Judge


        Douglas Ready ("Ready") appeals from the judgment of the Circuit Court of Boone

County in an interpleader action awarding $28,804.85 to Beth Armstrong ("Armstrong")1

and $8,604.05 to Daniel Barkho ("Barkho"). The circuit court also entered judgment

against Ready in favor of Armstrong and Barkho in the amounts of $7,490.00 and



        1
            Ready and Armstrong were married in 1992 and their marriage was dissolved. Various documents in the
legal file refer to Armstrong as Beth Ready. For clarity, we use Armstrong's current name throughout this opinion.
$1,600.00, respectively, for attorneys' fees. Ready raises five allegations of error. We

dismiss for lack of jurisdiction.

                                            Statement of Facts2

        Ready and Armstrong were previously married and together owned various tracts

of land, referred to throughout the briefing as Tracts Two, Four, and Five, all located in

Callaway County, Missouri.                Ready and Armstrong's marriage was dissolved on

September 19, 2019, in the Circuit Court of Callaway County in case number 13CW-

FC00194. Significant litigation surrounded all three tracts, but only Tract Two is relevant

to this appeal. While they were married, Ready and Armstrong secured a promissory note

with Maries County Bank secured by a deed of trust on Tract Two. Maries County Bank

assigned its deed of trust and promissory note to Callaway Financial, LLC ("Callaway

Financial") which is owned by Chad Bristol ("Bristol").                         Subsequently, Ready and

Armstrong defaulted on that promissory note, and Callaway Financial appointed Duane

Schreimann ("Schreimann") the Successor Trustee of the deed of trust.

        On May 9, 2018, Schreimann conducted a non-judicial trustee's sale of Tract Two.

Jeff Adams ("Adams") was the highest bidder at the trustee's sale with a bid of $200,000.00.

Later, Adams refused to honor his bid, and Schreimann conducted a second non-judicial

trustee's sale on July 2, 2018, where the property was sold for $93,100.00. After the

proceeds of the sale were applied to the promissory note secured by the deed of trust, the




        2
         "We view the evidence and all reasonable inferences from the evidence in the light most favorable to the
judgment." Holt v. Rankin, 320 S.W.3d 761, 763 n. 3 (Mo. App. W.D. 2010).

                                                        2
sum of $34,895.55 remained. Ready, Armstrong, Dale Brondel, Maria Brondel, and

Barkho all asserted claims to some or all of these proceeds.

       On July 31, 2018, Schreimann named Ready, Armstrong, Dale Brondel, Maria

Brondel, and Barkho as Defendants in his first count of interpleader because each had a

potential claim to the sale proceeds. Ready and Armstrong were the former owners of

Tract Two and maintained a claim for the proceeds on that basis. Dale and Maria Brondel

were involved in litigation with Ready and Armstrong at the time of the sale. While no

court had yet rendered judgment, this gave rise to a potential claim on the proceeds of the

sale. Barkho had previously obtained a judgment against Ready, which was unsatisfied

giving rise to a potential claim on the proceeds of the sale. Schreimann also brought a

claim for breach of contract against Adams alleging that Adams breached his contract with

Schreimann when Adams refused to honor his bid at the first trustee's sale. Schreimann

and Adams later reached a settlement as to Count II in the amount of $7,500.00, which was

approved by the circuit court. The circuit court awarded Schreimann $4,826.15 in attorney

fees and court costs of $160.50 from the $7,500.00. The remaining $2,513.35 was

combined with the $34,895.55 in existing interpleader funds for a total amount of

$37,408.90.

       The circuit court conducted a trial on March 14, 2019, and on April 25, 2019, the

circuit court entered its judgment awarding $28,804.85 to Armstrong and $8,604.05 to

Barkho. The court also found Ready's actions throughout the course of litigation were

"frivolous, vexatious, malicious, willful, and in bad faith." The circuit court awarded

Armstrong $7,490.00 and Barkho $1,600.00 in attorneys' fees against Ready. Ready brings

                                             3
this appeal of the circuit court's judgment; Schreimann and Barkho were the only parties

to file Respondent's Briefs. We dismiss for lack of jurisdiction.

                                                   Jurisdiction

         Whether we have jurisdiction is a question of law, which we review de novo.

Dunkle v. Dunkle, 158 S.W.3d 823, 827 (Mo. App. E.D. 2005). Appellate courts have

jurisdiction to review cases only after the trial court issues a "final judgment." Wilson v.

City of St. Louis, No. SC97544, 2020 WL 203137, at *7 (Mo. banc Jan. 14, 2020); Section

512.020(5) RSMo (2016). "[A] judgment can be appealable as a 'final judgment' under

section 512.020(5) if it resolves every claim (or, at least, the last unresolved claim) in a

lawsuit."3 Id. If a judgment is not final, we lack authority to conduct review and must

dismiss the appeal. ABB, Inc. v. Securitas Sec. Srvs. USA, Inc., 390 S.W.3d 196, 200 (Mo.

App. W.D. 2012).

         In his answer, Ready asserted two counterclaims against Schreimann, Callaway

Financial, LLC, and Bristol for Interpleader ("Counterclaim I") and Fraud ("Counterclaim

II"). Ready also brought a cross claim against "Attorney Holt," Barkho, and Armstrong

for Fraud ("Crossclaim III"). On August 23, 2018, Barkho filed his "Answer to Defendant

Douglas B. Ready's Crossclaim Count III," in which he requested the court dismiss Count

III. On August 24, 2018, Armstrong filed her "Motion to Dismiss Defendant Douglas

Ready's Cross Claim Against Defendant Beth Armstrong." Schreimann filed his "Motion

to Dismiss Defendant Douglas Ready's Counterclaims I & II."


         3
          Wilson makes clear that a judgment may be certified as "final" only if it disposes of an entire "judicial
unit." See Wilson, 2020 WL 203137, at *4-7. This issue is not before us on appeal, and we will not address it
further.

                                                           4
       The circuit court sustained all three motions in an order entered November 5, 2018,

dismissing Counterclaims I and II as to Schreimann and Crossclaim III as to Armstrong

and Barkho. However, Counterclaims I and II as to Bristol and Callaway Financial remain

pending before the circuit court, and Crossclaim III remains pending as to Attorney Holt.

We take judicial notice that Bristol, Callaway Financial, and Attorney Holt were never

served with process; nevertheless, they are parties to this action. "For there to be a final

judgment there must be a disposition of claims against all parties, even those unserved."

C.G. Sewing v. Scottish Rite of Kan. City, 582 S.W.3d 138, 140 (Mo. App. W.D.

2019)(quoting LCA Leasing Corp. v. Bolivar Prof'l Pharmacy, Inc., 901 S.W.2d 342, 343

(Mo. App. S.D. 1995)). "[T]he existence of a defendant not disposed of by the circuit court

defeats finality of the judgment and deprives us of jurisdiction regardless of whether or not

the defendant has been served with process because an unserved defendant remains a party

nevertheless." Roth v. La Societe Anonyme Turbomeca France, 120 S.W.3d 764, 770 n.2

(Mo. App. W.D. 2003) (The Roth court ultimately found it had jurisdiction under Rule

74.01(b) because the trial court had certified there was no just reason for delaying an

appeal, which did not occur in the instant case; see supra note 3).

       The circuit court's judgments and orders do not address any claims raised against

Bristol, Callaway Financial, or Attorney Holt. Furthermore, even if the circuit court had

addressed these claims, it would have lacked authority to adjudicate the claims against

unserved parties except to dismiss them from the action. See Doran v. Chand, 284 S.W.3d

659 (Mo. App. W.D. 2009) (holding that"[s]ervice of process is a prerequisite to the trial

court's jurisdiction to adjudicate the rights of the defendant, and when the requirements for

                                             5
service are not met, the court lacks power to adjudicate."). Because outstanding claims

remain for adjudication, the circuit court's judgment on April 25, 2019, is not a final,

appealable judgment.

                                                   Conclusion

         We dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction.4 Schreimann made a Motion to

Dismiss citing the inadequacy of Ready's brief under Rule 84.04. We overrule this motion

as moot.



                                                      __________________________________
                                                      Gary D. Witt, Judge

All concur




         4
           As our ruling denotes, the trial court found Ready's legal positions in the underlying litigation to be
frivolous. Ex gratia, we note that based on our review, the substantive content of Ready's premature appeal in its
current form is equally frivolous and without merit.

                                                          6
