       DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
                             FOURTH DISTRICT
                              July Term 2014

          MORIN MAGLOIRE and GERMAIN JEAN CLAUDE,
                         Appellants,

                                     v.

THE BANK OF NEW YORK as Trustee for the certificate holders CWABS,
     INC. ASSET-BACKED CERTIFICATES, SERIES 2006-23,
                         Appellee.

                              No. 4D11-4540

                          [September 10, 2014]

   Appeal from the Circuit Court for the Seventeenth Judicial Circuit,
Broward County; Joel T. Lazarus, Judge; L.T. Case No. 08-48996 CACE
21.

   S. Tracy Long of Law Offices of S. Tracy Long, P.A., Deerfield Beach
(withdrawn as counsel after filing brief); Morin Magloire and Germain
Jean-Clause, Lauderdale Lakes, pro se.

   Michael P. Bruning of Connolly, Geaney, Ablitt & Willard, P.C., West
Palm Beach, for appellee.

PER CURIAM.

   The homeowners appeal the trial court’s order granting final summary
judgment of foreclosure in favor of the bank. The homeowners argue that
the trial court erred in granting the bank’s motion for summary judgment
after the trial court previously dismissed the case for lack of prosecution.
We agree.

   On October 10, 2008, the bank filed a mortgage foreclosure complaint
based on a mortgage and note executed by the homeowners in September
of 2006. On October 15, 2008, the homeowners filed an answer to the
complaint, in the form of a letter to the court, explaining that they had
“experienced a serious hardships [sic] that have prevented [them] from
making the mortgage payments on [their] primary residence.”
Additionally, they stated that they were trying to work with the leader “to
work out a re-instatement or re-payment plan.”
    On November 19, 2009, the trial court filed a notice of intent to dismiss
the bank’s complaint after there had been no record activity in the case
since November 5, 2008. The trial court set a hearing on the issue, and
the bank filed a statement asserting good cause as to why the action
should remain pending.1 Within its response, the bank stated that it was
currently evaluating the homeowner’s loan to determine if the homeowners
would qualify for a settlement offer, and asked the court to allow the case
to remain open until the bank could complete negotiations with the
homeowners. On December 16, 2009, the trial court entered a final order
of dismissal of the bank’s complaint, because there was “no record activity
> 1 yr (since 11/5/2008) and no good cause.”

   On June 28, 2010, the bank filed a motion for summary judgment.
Then, on November 9, 2011, a hearing was held on the bank’s motion for
summary judgment. On the same date, the trial court entered a summary
final judgment of foreclosure in favor of the bank. The homeowners appeal
this order.

   There were no transcripts provided of the motion for summary
judgment hearing, and it is therefore unknown whether the homeowners
raised the issue of the previous dismissal of the case and the trial court’s
subsequent lack of jurisdiction over the case. However, “the issue of
subject-matter jurisdiction . . . may be raised for the first time on appeal.”
Rudel v. Rudel, 111 So. 3d 285, 291 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013).2

   “Whether a court has subject matter jurisdiction is a question of law
reviewed de novo.” Sanchez v. Fernandez, 915 So. 2d 192, 192 (Fla. 4th
DCA 2005).

   A trial court lacks jurisdiction to hear a case once it has been
dismissed. See Gardner v. Nioso, 108 So. 3d 1122, 1123 (Fla. 1st DCA
2013) (“[B]y the trial court’s dismissal of the action against them, and the
subsequent affirmance of that dismissal, the trial court no longer has
jurisdiction over Appellees.”); Harrison v. La Placida Cmty. Ass’n, 665 So.
2d 1138, 1141 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996) (“Once [the defendat] was dismissed,


1 “[T]he action shall be dismissed by the court on its own motion or on the motion
of any interested person, whether a party to the action or not, after reasonable
notice to the parties, unless a party shows good cause in writing at least 5 days
before the hearing on the motion why the action should remain pending. Mere
inaction for a period of less than 1 year shall not be sufficient cause for dismissal
for failure to prosecute.” Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.420(e) (emphasis added).
2 The type of jurisdiction at issue in the instant case is that of subject-matter

jurisdiction. See Bernard v. Rose, 68 So. 3d 946, 948 (Fla. 3d DCA 2011)
(referring to the trial court’s jurisdiction over a case after a dismissal for lack of
prosecution as that of subject-matter jurisdiction).
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the trial court no longer had jurisdiction over her.’); Ludovici v. McKiness,
545 So. 2d 335, 336 n.3 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989) (“A trial court lacks
jurisdiction to vacate an order of dismissal without prejudice after the
order becomes final. An exception to this finality is a Rule 1.540 motion.
The trial court has jurisdiction to entertain a timely motion for rehearing
or to revisit the cause on the court’s own initiative within the time allowed
for a rehearing motion.”) (internal citations omitted); Derma Lift Salon, Inc
v. Swanko, 419 So. 2d 1180, 1180-81 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982). (“The trial
court’s order of dismissal entered May 11, 1982, albeit ‘without prejudice,’
was a final appealable order, subject to the further jurisdiction of the trial
court only upon a timely filed motion for rehearing under Florida Rul eof
Civil Procedure 1.530.”) (internal citation omitted). Since there was no
motion for rehearing or motion to vacate filed or ruled upon regarding the
order of dismissal in the instant case, the trial court did not have
jurisdiction to enter an order granting the bank’s subsequently-filed
motion for summary judgment. Additionally, although the trial court’s
final order of dismissal was entered “without prejudice to refile,” the bank
never refiled the complaint prior to filing its motion for summary judgment.

   The bank argues that the trial court’s order should be allowed to stand
because it exercised its powers of “equitable jurisdiction” in granting the
bank’s motion for summary judgment. However, we find the bank’s
argument, basically that equitable jurisdiction can replace subject-matter
jurisdiction, unconvincing. See Black’s Law Dictionary 18(c) (9th ed.
2009) (quoting William Q. de Funiak, Handbook of Modern Equity 38 (2d
ed. 1956)) (“[T]he term equity jurisdiction does not refer to jurisdiction in
the sense of the power conferred by the sovereign on the court over
specified subject-matters or to jurisdiction over the res or the persons of
the parties in a particular proceeding but refers rather to the merits. The
want of equity jurisdiction does not mean that the court has no power to
act but that it should not act, as on the ground, for example, that there is
an adequate remedy at law.”) (emphasis added) (internal quotation marks
omitted).

   Therefore, we reverse the trial court’s order granting the bank’s motion
for summary judgment and remand the case to the trial court for
proceedings consistent with this opinion.

   Reversed and remanded.

GROSS, GERBER and CONNER, JJ., concur.

                          *         *        *
   Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.


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