                                      RECORD IMPOUNDED

                                NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.




                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-4701-16T1

NEW JERSEY OF DIVISON
OF CHILD PROTECTION
AND PERMANENCY,

          Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

W.I.L.

     Defendant-Appellant/
     Cross-Respondent.
_______________________________

IN THE MATTER OF
THE GUARDIANSHIP OF
H.S.A.A.K., a Minor,

          Respondent/Cross-Appellant,

and X.Y.O,

     a Minor.
________________________________

                    Argued telephonically March 23, 2020 –
                    Decided May 6, 2020

                    Before Judges Ostrer, Vernoia and Susswein.
            On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
            Chancery Division, Family Part, Essex County, Docket
            No. FG-07-0196-16.

            T. Gary Mitchell argued the cause for appellant/cross-
            respondent (Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender,
            attorney; T. Gary Mitchell, Deputy Public Defender, of
            counsel and on the briefs).

            Cory Hadley Cassar, Designated Counsel, argued the
            cause for respondent/cross–appellant (Joseph E.
            Krakora, Public Defender, Law Guardian, attorney;
            Meredith Alexis Pollock, Deputy Public Defender, of
            counsel; Cory Hadley Cassar, on the brief).

            Jane C. Schuster argued the cause for respondent
            (Gurbir S. Grewal, Attorney General, attorney; Jane C.
            Schuster, Assistant Attorney General, of counsel;
            Casey Jonathan Woodruff, Deputy Attorney General,
            on the brief).

            Lisa Marie Black, Designated Counsel, argued the
            cause for minor X.Y.O. (Joseph E. Krakora, Public
            Defender, Law Guardian, attorney; Meredith Alexis
            Pollock, Deputy Public Defender, of counsel; Lisa
            Marie Black, on the brief).

PER CURIAM

      Defendant, W.I.L (Wendy), appeals the termination of her parental rights

to her youngest two children, H.K., Jr. (Harry), age fifteen, and X.O. (Xena),




                                                                       A-4701-16T1
                                      2
age 12.1   The New Jersey Division of Child Protection and Permanency

(Division) first became involved with Wendy regarding the care of her older

children. The Division became reacquainted with Wendy when she failed to

secure proper medical care for Xena. The Division also became aware that

Wendy kept her home in a deplorable and unsanitary condition and struggled

with sending Harry and Xena to school on a regular basis. Despite the Division's

repeated efforts to provide her an array of services, Wendy failed to change her

deficient parenting behaviors.

      At the time of the guardianship trial, the law guardians for Harry and Xena

opposed the termination of Wendy's parental rights and both cross -appealed the

trial court's decision. Shortly before oral argument, we were advised their

positions changed since the trial court issued its opinion in June 2017. Xena's

resource parent, we are told, is now committed to adoption. Her law guardian

filed a motion to withdraw her cross appeal and to realign her as a respondent

as she now supports the trial court's termination of Wendy's parental rights.




1
   For the reader's convenience and to maintain the confidentiality of records
relating to guardianship proceedings, we use pseudonyms to refer to defendant
and the two children at issue in this appeal. R. 1:38-3(d)(12). We note that four
of Wendy's five other children are now adults. None of her other children are
part of this appeal.
                                                                         A-4701-16T1
                                       3
      Harry's law guardian has also filed a post-judgment motion pursuant to

Rules 2:5-5(b) and 4:50-1(b), (e), and (f), based on a change of circumstance.

Harry asserts through his law guardian that a former treatment home parent is

now willing to become a Kinship Legal Guardian. Harry's law guardian seeks

to vacate or stay the judgment of guardianship pending final approval of the

former treatment home parent to serve as a Kinship Legal Guardianship

caregiver. In doing so, the law guardian hopes to preserve Harry's legal right to

have contact with Wendy.

      We have reviewed the record in view of the comprehensive briefs

submitted by the parties and the applicable legal principles. It is abundantly

clear from our review of the voluminous record that Judge David B. Katz

rendered a thorough and detailed oral opinion.         The court's findings are

supported by substantial, credible evidence demonstrating that the Division

proved the four prongs of the best-interests-of-the-child test, N.J.S.A. 30:4C-

15.1(a), by clear and convincing evidence. In view of the deferential standard

of appellate review, we affirm the termination of parental rights substantially

for the reasons set forth in the trial court's opinion. We also grant Xena's motion

to withdraw her cross appeal. We deny Harry's motion to vacate or stay the

judgment terminating Wendy's parental rights.


                                                                           A-4701-16T1
                                        4
                                        I.

      We begin our analysis by acknowledging the legal principles that govern

this appeal. A parent has a constitutional right to raise his or her biological

child, which "is among the most fundamental of all rights." N.J. Div. of Youth

& Family Servs. v. F.M., 211 N.J. 420, 447 (2012) (citing N.J. Div. of Youth &

Family Servs. v. E.P., 196 N.J. 88, 102 (2008)). However, the State as parens

patriae may act to protect a child from physical or emotional harm. Ibid. (citing

E.P., 196 N.J. at 102). A parent's constitutional rights, in other words, are not

absolute and must yield to the State's interest in protecting a child from harm or

endangerment. N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. A.W., 103 N.J. 591, 599,

600 (1986).     Accordingly, the State can seek to sever the parent-child

relationship when the interests of the parent and child are irreconcilable. Id. at

599 (citing In re Dep't of Pub. Welfare, 412 N.E.2d 28, 36 (Mass. 1981)).

Importantly, a child has a right to a permanent, stable, and safe placement. N.J.

Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. C.S., 367 N.J. Super. 76, 111 (App. Div. 2004).

      The termination of parental rights should only be pursued when "proof of

parental unfitness is clear." F.M., 211 N.J. at 447. In a termination proceeding,

the trial court determines whether the Division has satisfied the four elements




                                                                          A-4701-16T1
                                        5
of the best-interests-of-the-child statutory test. N.J.S.A. 30:4C-15.1(a). That

statute requires the Division prove by clear and convincing evidence that:

            (1) The child's safety, health, or development has been
            or will continue to be endangered by the parental
            relationship;

            (2) The parent is unwilling or unable to eliminate the
            harm facing the child or is unable or unwilling to
            provide a safe and stable home for the child and the
            delay of permanent placement will add to the harm.
            Such harm may include evidence that separating the
            child from his resource family parents would cause
            serious and enduring emotional or psychological harm
            to the child;

            (3) The division has made reasonable efforts to provide
            services to help the parent correct the circumstances
            which led to the child's placement outside the home and
            the court has considered alternatives to termination of
            parental rights; and

            (4) Termination of parental rights will not do more
            harm than good.

            [Ibid.]

      When applying the best interests test, a trial court must pay specific

attention to a child's need for permanency and stability. In re Guardianship of

D.M.H., 161 N.J. 365, 385–86 (1999). As a result, the trial court must consider

"not only whether the parent is fit, but also whether he or she can become fit

within time to assume the parental role necessary to meet the child's needs."


                                                                        A-4701-16T1
                                       6
N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. R.L., 388 N.J. Super. 81, 87 (App. Div.

2006) (citing In re Guardianship of J.C., 129 N.J. 1, 10 (1992)).

      The scope of our review of the decision to terminate parental rights is

limited. N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. G.L., 191 N.J. 596, 605 (2007)

(citing In re Guardianship of J.N.H., 172 N.J. 440, 472 (2002)). "Appellate

courts must defer to a trial judge's findings of fact if supported by adequate,

substantial, and credible evidence in the record."         Ibid.    (citing In re

Guardianship of J.T., 269 N.J. Super. 172, 188 (App. Div. 1993)). An appellate

court should defer to the trial court's credibility determinations and to its

"special expertise in the field of domestic relations." N.J. Div. of Youth &

Family Servs. v. R.G., 217 N.J. 527, 553 (2014) (quoting Cesare v. Cesare, 154

N.J. 394, 412 (1998)). An appellate court therefore should not alter the findings

below unless there was a manifest denial of justice. N.J. Div. of Youth & Family

Servs. v. V.K., 236 N.J. Super. 243, 255 (App. Div. 1989) (citing Meshinsky v.

Nichols Yacht Sales, Inc., 110 N.J. 464, 475 (1988)). However, appellate courts

review de novo the trial court's interpretation of the law and legal findings.

R.G., 217 N.J. at 552 (citing Manalapan Realty v. Manalapan Twp. Comm., 140

N.J. 366, 378 (1995)).




                                                                          A-4701-16T1
                                       7
                                       II.

      The guardianship trial was conducted over five non-consecutive days

starting in March 2017 and ending in May 2017.         Wendy did not call any

witnesses. Nor did either law guardian. The judgment terminating Wendy's

parental rights was issued on June 19, 2017.

      The pertinent facts adduced by the Division at the guardianship trial are

set forth comprehensively in the trial court's oral opinion. We presume the

parties are familiar with that opinion. Accordingly, we highlight in this opinion

only those facts we deem to be particularly relevant. In short, Wendy, who

suffers from cognitive and mental health issues, has demonstrated over the

course of many years that she is incapable of maintaining a clean and healthy

home and making certain the children attend school. She sporadically and

unsuccessfully attended multiple programs to address her shortcomings. She

also repeatedly failed to appear at visitation. The children have not lived with

her since 2014 and the Division's uncontroverted expert testimony shows that

Wendy is both unwilling and unable to address the issues that resulted in the

removal of the children.




                                                                         A-4701-16T1
                                       8
                                        A.

      Under the first prong of the best-interests-of-the-child test, the trial court

examines the effect of the harm that stems from the parent-child relationship

over time. N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. P.P., 180 N.J. 494, 506 (2004).

It may consider both physical and psychological harm and, therefore, may base

its termination decision on emotional injury in the absence of physical harm.

See In re Guardianship of R., 155 N.J. Super. 186, 194 (App. Div. 1977) ("The

absence of physical abuse or neglect is not conclusive on the issue of custody.").

      We conclude the Division presented adequate, substantial, credible

evidence to support the trial court's conclusion that Wendy endangered and

would continue to endanger Harry's and Xena's safety, health, and development.

We note that the termination of parental rights need not wait until a child is

actually harmed by a parent's inattention or neglect. D.M.H., 161 N.J. at 383

(citing A.W., 103 N.J. at 616 n.14). Parental rights, in other words, can be

terminated in the absence of physical harm. See ibid. (citing A.W., 103 N.J. at

616 n.14). It also is well settled that termination of parental rights can occur

based upon the risk of future harm that a child may experience as a result of the

parental relationship. See N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. H.R., 431 N.J.

Super. 212, 223 (App. Div. 2013) (stating "[w]hen the condition or behavior of


                                                                            A-4701-16T1
                                         9
a parent causes a risk of harm . . . the first subpart of the statute has been

proven").

      In this instance, the trial court assessed all of Wendy's parenting

deficiencies that have manifested over the years. The court did not need to

isolate a single, damaging harm but rather properly considered the cumulative

effect of multiple harms occurring over time. The New Jersey Supreme Court

has stated in this regard that "[a]lthough a particularly egregious single harm

can trigger the standard, the focus is on the effect of harms arising from the

parent-child relationship over time on the child's health and development."

K.H.O., 161 N.J. at 348. Here, the combined problems of medical neglect,

educational neglect, an unsanitary home, and inconsistent attendance at

visitation all contributed to the harm experienced by Harry and Xena.

                                        B.

      The second prong of the best interests test requires that the Division

demonstrate that the "parent is unwilling or unable to eliminate the harm facing

the child or is unable or unwilling to provide a safe and stable home for the child

and the delay of permanent placement will add to the harm." N.J.S.A. 30:4C-

15.1(a)(2).




                                                                           A-4701-16T1
                                       10
      Under the second prong of the best interest analysis, which is closely

related to the first prong, parental unfitness can be demonstrated in two

alternative ways. K.H.O., 161 N.J. at 352. First, a party can show that it is

reasonably foreseeable that the parents will not or cannot cease to inflict harm

upon the child. A.W., 103 N.J. at 606–07, 615–16. This can be established by

proving parental "dereliction and irresponsibility," which can be shown by proof

of continued substance abuse, the inability to provide a stable home, and the

withholding of nurturing and attention. K.H.O., 161 N.J. at 353.

      The other way of establishing the second prong is by presenting evidence

that removing the child from his or her resource placement would cause serious

and enduring mental or emotional impairment.         N.J.S.A. 30:4C-15.1(a)(2).

Under this alternative approach, a trial court examines the bonds between a child

and his or her resource parent(s). See D.M.H., 161 N.J. at 382 (finding the

second prong from N.J.S.A. 30:4C-15.1(a) established partly based upon the

court-appointed expert's determination that "breaking the children's bond with

their foster family would cause substantial and enduring harm to the children").

      Wendy contends the trial court viewed visitation reports selectively to cast

her in a negative light. We disagree. The record amply supports the court's

conclusion that Wendy failed to consistently attend her visitation.        When


                                                                          A-4701-16T1
                                      11
provided by the Division with the opportunity for visitation, she was chronically

late or did not attend at all. Subsequently, she was referred to Tri-City for

visitation, but she was ultimately terminated from that service because she

regularly failed to attend or was late. Tri-City noted that the children displayed

behavioral problems in connection with Wendy's missed visitation. After Tri -

City, Wendy was referred to Adoption House for visitation and was ultimately

terminated from that service due to her failure to attend. Finally, when the

Division offered Wendy a visitation at the Division offices in January 2017,

Wendy declined even though she knew that the children wanted to see her.

      In these circumstances, the trial court did not err when it held that the

second prong was satisfied.       As we have noted, indications of parental

dereliction and irresponsibility can demonstrate parental unfitness. K.H.O., 161

N.J. at 353. Wendy was afforded with a period of years to comply with services

or make progress in improving her parenting.        The record is replete with

evidence that Wendy was unwilling or unable to do so.

      We add that the trial court relied on the testimony of a qualified expert

who evaluated the children's relationships with the parent and alternative

caregivers. See J.C., 129 N.J. at 19 (explaining that the Division's proofs in

termination proceedings "should include the testimony of a well-qualified expert


                                                                          A-4701-16T1
                                       12
who has had a full opportunity to make a comprehensive, objective, and

informed evaluation of the child's relationship with the foster parent"). A court

is permitted to rely upon competent expert testimony to determine the possibility

that harm could occur if the family was reunified and whether harm would befall

the children. Ibid.

      In sum, the trial court relied on clear and convincing evidence in the

record when it concluded that Wendy was unwilling or unable to eliminate the

harm facing Harry and Xena and was unwilling and unable to provide a safe and

stable home.

                                       C.

      The third prong of the best interest test requires the Division to show that

it made "reasonable efforts to provide services to help the parent correct the

circumstances which led to the child's placement outside of the home and the

court has considered alternatives to the termination of parental rights." N.J.S.A.

30:4C-15.1(a)(3). As a result, the trial court must decide if the Division made

reasonable efforts to reunify the family. In re Guardianship of K.H.O., 161 N.J.

at 354 (citing N.J.S.A. 30:4C-15.1(a)(3)).     Pursuant to statute, "reasonable

efforts" are defined as:

            (1) consultation and cooperation with the parent in
            developing a plan for appropriate services;

                                                                          A-4701-16T1
                                       13
            (2) providing services that have been agreed upon, to
            the family, in order to further the goal of family
            reunification;

            (3) informing the parent at appropriate intervals of the
            child's progress, development, and health; and

            (4) facilitating appropriate visitation.

            [N.J.S.A. 30:4C-15.1(c).]

      We have previously recognized that reasonable efforts "vary depending

upon the circumstances of the removal." N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v.

F.H., 389 N.J. Super. 576, 620 (App. Div. 2007) (citing N.J. Div. of Youth &

Family Servs. v. A.G., 344 N.J. Super. 418, 437 (App. Div. 2007)).             The

Division's success regarding this prong is not measured by the parent's

participation in the necessary services. D.M.H., 161 N.J. at 393. "[E]ven [the

Division's] best efforts may not be sufficient to salvage a parental relationship."

F.M., 211 N.J. at 452. Pursuant to statute, the Division must: (1) work with

parents to develop a plan for services; (2) provide the necessary services; (3)

facilitate visitation; and (4) notify parents of the children's progress during an

out-of-home placement. N.J.S.A. 30:4C-15.1(c).

      Wendy contends that the Division did not provide services to her that were

tailored to her income, needs, educational level, and language barrier. We reject


                                                                           A-4701-16T1
                                        14
that contention. There was ample evidence in the record to support the court's

conclusion that the Division made reasonable efforts to reunify Wendy with

Harry and Xena.

      The court heard testimony, for example, that the Division provided

services to Wendy and her family over a period of years that included furniture

and rental assistance aimed at correcting her housing issues while taking into

account her financial needs. She was provided transportation in the form of bus

passes to assist her with seeing the children after removal. She was afforded

numerous psychological and neuropsychological evaluations aimed at

identifying her specific needs.    She also received referrals for individual

psychotherapy. In addition, the Division provided services tailored to Wendy's

need for parenting assistance, such as referrals to Family Preservation Services

(FPS), a parent aide, and parenting classes.

      Regrettably, Wendy did not take advantage of these services. As we have

already noted, she was inconsistent with her visitation. She also was terminated

from FPS on two occasions and was not an active participant in the other

services offered to her. While she did complete a parenting skills course, she

did not learn from that opportunity as evidenced by her ongoing and un-




                                                                        A-4701-16T1
                                      15
remediated parenting difficulties. Furthermore, there is no indication in the

record that Wendy requested any services that were denied by the Division.

      The record also reflects that the trial court considered alternatives to the

termination of parental rights. The Division assessed numerous relatives and

ruled them out. While Wendy contends on appeal that the Division did not

consider another individual, S.G., the record reflects that the court accepted

additional testimony that the Division ruled out S.G. due to S.G.'s failure to

comply with an interstate home assessment. The only half-sibling that was not

assessed at the time of the guardianship trial was A.A. because he was a minor

at the time.

      In sum, there was clear and convincing evidence in the record to support

the court's conclusion that the Division made reasonable efforts aimed at

reunification and that no viable alternatives to the termination of Wendy's

parental rights existed.

                                       D.

      The fourth prong of the best interests test requires that the Division

demonstrate that "[t]ermination of parental rights will not do more harm than

good." N.J.S.A. 30:4C-15.1(a)(4). The court may rely on expert testimony

when conducting its analysis and may balance the potential injury that a child


                                                                          A-4701-16T1
                                      16
could experience through the termination of parental rights against the harm that

the child might suffer if removed from the resource placement. K.H.O., 161

N.J. at 355, 363. Termination of parental rights is necessary when it permits a

child to have a secure and permanent home. N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs.

v. B.G.S., 291 N.J. Super. 582, 592–95 (App. Div. 1996). Relatedly, a child

should not "languish indefinitely" in an out-of-home placement while a parent

tries to correct his or her parenting difficulties. N.J. Div. of Youth & Family

Servs. v. S.F., 392 N.J. Super. 201, 209 (App. Div. 2007) (citing N.J. Div. of

Youth & Family Servs. v. C.S., 367 N.J. Super. 76, 111 (App. Div. 2004)).

      The Division presented expert testimony to establish this prong. Based

on his observations, Dr. DeNigris testified that Wendy had significant poor

judgment that would endanger the health, safety, and development of her

children. He opined that she lacked the ability to be a safe and appropriate

caretaker. Moreover, Wendy refused to take responsibility for her actions,

opting instead to blame others, which led Dr. DeNigris to forecast that she would

continue to repeat her prior problematic behaviors.      Additionally, Wendy's

insistence that she already knew everything about parenting coupled with her

belief that the children did not suffer from behavioral problems would,

according to the expert, result in Wendy's continued neglect of the children in


                                                                         A-4701-16T1
                                      17
the event of reunification. Her refusal to participate in services further indicated

that she was not committed to reunification.

      We conclude the trial court acted within its broad discretion when it

accredited the expert testimony that Wendy was not capable of parenting and

would not become capable for the foreseeable future.          Wendy nonetheless

contends that the termination of her rights will do more harm than good. She

argues, for example, that Harry and Xena are bonded with her and that both

children want to be reunified with their mother.

      We reject Wendy's argument because the trial court properly accounted

for the expert testimony concerning bonding. The record shows in this regard

that Dr. DeNigris performed a bonding evaluation among Wendy, Harry, and

Xena. He testified that while Harry and Xena were affectionate with their

mother, she did little to initiate the contact.     What is more, Dr. DeNigris

observed that Harry repeatedly tried to get Wendy's attention, but she was

unresponsive. Both children informed Dr. DeNigris that they wanted to be

reunified with Wendy. Although the expert thus concluded that there was a bond

among Wendy, Harry, and Xena, he also explained that aspects of the evaluation

caused him concern. He opined that Harry's and Xena's need for a stable

environment outweighed any harm the children could experience if Wendy's


                                                                            A-4701-16T1
                                        18
parental rights were terminated. We believe the trial court acted well within its

ambit of discretion in accepting the expert's uncontroverted opinion.

      Wendy contends that the present case is analogous to E.P. There, the

Court held that the Division failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence

that the termination of a mother's rights would not do more harm than good

because the mother and the daughter shared a strong bond and loving

relationship, the mother was mostly compliant with services, and the daughter

had no prospects for adoption. E.P., 196 N.J. at 94–98, 110.

      The situation presented in E.P. is markedly different from the present case.

Here, Wendy was not mostly compliant with her services and Xena has not

moved between multiple resource homes. Rather, Wendy has been resistant to

treatment and Xena has been in the same placement since November 2014. What

is more, Wendy did not present any expert testimony to counter the Division's

expert testimony that Harry and Xena would be harmed if reunification were to

occur.

      Wendy also argues that the trial court did not take into account the

children's wishes. That argument is contradicted by the record. The trial court

interviewed both Harry and Xena in-camera regarding their feelings about

visitation and, also, the court was aware that Xena wanted reunification with


                                                                          A-4701-16T1
                                      19
Wendy. The trial court stated on this point, "I'm very aware of the child's – of

the children's wishes. And I have considered them as well."

      Finally, we note that Wendy contends the trial court improperly shifted

the burden of proof to her rather than on the Division. That contention also i s

belied by the record. The trial judge specifically remarked:

            And looking at this from another perspective as well,
            [Wendy] has had enough time to demonstrate and
            convince the [c]ourt that she can parent.

            Now, she has no burden of proof here. I'm not putting
            a burden of proof on her. But the Division has
            demonstrated that it has shown the [c]ourt that the
            children are at risk if returned to their mother, and it's
            not likely changing in the foreseeable future

      In sum, we believe there was clear and convincing evidence in the very

substantial record developed in this case to support the trial court's conclusion

that the termination of Wendy's parental rights would not do more harm than

good. Considering all of the evidence presented by the Division relevant to the

fourth prong, including the uncontroverted expert testimony, it cannot be said

that the trial court's conclusion with respect to the fourth prong "'went so wide

of the mark that a mistake must have been made.'" N.J. Div. of Youth & Family

Servs. v. M.M., 189 N.J. 261, 279 (2007) (quoting C.B. Snyder Realty, Inc. v.

BMW of N. Am., Inc., 233 N.J. Super. 65, 69 (App. Div. 1989)).


                                                                         A-4701-16T1
                                       20
                                      III.

      We conclude that the voluminous record amply supports the trial court's

determination that the Division established all four prongs of the best interest

test by clear and convincing evidence. To the extent we have not already

addressed them, any additional arguments made by Wendy and the law guardian

for Harry lack sufficient merit to warrant discussion in this opinion. R. 2:11-

3(e)(1)(E).

      Finally, we address Harry's post-judgment motion seeking a stay or

remand based on recent developments with respect to the prospect that a former

treatment home parent will become his Kinship Legal Guardianship (KLG)

caregiver.2 The law guardian argues that the probability of Harry's eventual

KLG placement undermines the trial court's finding under the third prong that

alternatives to termination of Wendy's parental rights were considered

exhaustively. In seeking this relief, he hopes to preserve Harry's ability to

maintain contact with his mother notwithstanding her repeated and persistent



2
  The Division's March 19, 2020, letter states,"[Harry] has been in a treatment-
level home. A former treatment home parent who had [Harry] with him is now
committed to becoming a Kinship Legal Guardianship caregiver for [Harry].
The Division's plan is to move [Harry] into that caregiver's home in the
immediate future." We have since been advised by his law guardian that Harry
has been moved into that caregiver's home.
                                                                        A-4701-16T1
                                      21
failures with respect to visitation and the emotional harm those failures caused.3

His law guardian contends that, "[a]bsent the relief requested, [Wendy's]

parental rights could be terminated leaving [Harry] with no legal right to

ongoing contact with his mother pending the protracted KLG process that would

likely take over a year." See N.J.S.A. 3B:12A-2 to 4.

      We recognize that the KLG permanency option preserves certain parental

rights such as parental contact. See N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. D.H.,

398 N.J. Super. 333, 340 (App. Div. 2008) (citing N.J.S.A. 3B:12A-1(b)). In

the circumstances of this case, however, we believe further delay occasioned by

a remand would be inappropriate. This case has been in litigation for ten years.

Harry and Xena were removed from their mother in 2014 and this appeal has

been pending since July 2017. Both children deserve stability and permanency.

See J.N.H., 172 N.J. at 474–75 ("Where the future of a child is at stake, there is

an additional weight in the balance: the notion that stability and permanency for

the child are paramount." (citing K.H.O., 161 N.J. at 357–58)); see also In re

Guardianship of P.S., 315 N.J. Super. 91, 116 (App. Div. 1998) (recognizing the

goal of permanency in placement is paramount for children).


3
   As we have noted, one of the State's experts testified that when Wendy did
attend visitations, Harry repeatedly tried to get her attention, but she was
unresponsive to him.
                                                                          A-4701-16T1
                                       22
      In these circumstances, we do not believe Harry has demonstrated the

need to set aside the judgment of guardianship. As we have noted, the Division

is in the process of assessing a former caregiver for KLG status. See supra note

2. As the Division notes in its opposition to Harry's motion, the potential KLG

caregiver is not yet licensed, and Harry's recent placement in that home is on a

presumptive basis pending full licensure of the home. Indeed, Harry's law

guardian acknowledges that this vetting process may take a year or more. Given

the advanced state of this litigation and the lengthy timeline for vet ting the

prospective KLG caregiver, we affirm the trial court's ruling that termination of

defendant's parental rights is in Harry's best interests at this time.

      We are cognizant that the eventual grant of KLG caregiver status would

require the judge to vacate the termination of defendant's parental rights

pursuant to a motion by defendant under Rule 4:50-1. We do not foreclose that

possibility and take no position on whether it would be in Harry's best interests

to approve the KLG caregiver and vacate the termination of defendant's parental

rights. We leave that determination to the judge who reviews the KLG vetting

process. We note that should the judge decide to vacate the termination of

defendant's parental rights and grant KLG caregiver status, defendant would




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acquire only the rights afforded under the KLG statute. See N.J.S.A. 3B:12A-

6(e).

        In sum, we conclude that Harry has not established that extreme and

unexpected hardship will occur unless the judgment of permanency is stayed

pending a remand. J.N.H., 172 N.J. at 473 (citing Little, 135 N.J. at 286).

Because further delay is unwarranted, and because the specific relief Harry

ultimately seeks remains available at the trial level, we deny the motion filed on

Harry's behalf for a stay or remand. We do, however, grant the motion filed on

behalf of Xena to withdraw her cross appeal and realign her as a respondent.

        Affirmed.




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