[Cite as State v. Howard, 2014-Ohio-4602.]




                            IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                               SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                 MONTGOMERY COUNTY

 STATE OF OHIO                                        :
                                                      :        Appellate Case No. 26069
           Plaintiff-Appellee                         :
                                                      :        Trial Court Case No. 2003-CR-4526
 v.                                                   :
                                                      :
 LEONARD C. HOWARD                                    :        (Criminal Appeal from
                                                      :        (Common Pleas Court)
           Defendant-Appellant               :
                                                      :

                                                 ...........
                                             OPINION
                           Rendered on the 17th day of October, 2014.
                                                 ...........

MATHIAS H. HECK, JR., by MICHELE D. PHIPPS, Atty. Reg. #0069829, Montgomery
County Prosecutor’s Office, Appellate Division, Montgomery County Courts Building, P.O.
Box 972, 301 West Third Street, Dayton, Ohio 45402
      Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee

LEONARD C. HOWARD, Inmate No. 475-121, 878 Coitsville-Hubbard Road, Youngstown,
Ohio 44505
       Defendant-Appellant-Pro Se

                                                          .............

FAIN, J.

        {¶ 1}    Defendant-appellant Leonard C. Howard appeals from an order overruling his

petition for post-conviction relief. Howard contends that the trial court improperly found that

his single criminal act could be divided into multiple criminal acts and consecutive sentences
                                                                                                2


imposed for these acts.

       {¶ 2}    We conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by overruling

Howard’s petition on the basis of res judicata. Accordingly, the order from which this appeal

is taken is Affirmed.



                               I. Course of the Proceedings

       {¶ 3}    In 2004, Howard was convicted and sentenced for two counts of Aggravated

Robbery (deadly weapon), two counts of Aggravated Robbery (serious harm), two counts of

Felonious Assault (deadly weapon), two counts of Felonious Assault (serious harm), one count

of Receiving Stolen Property, one count of Burglary (habitation), one count of Aggravated

Burglary (deadly weapon), and one count of Aggravated Burglary (physical harm).           He

received a thirty-year prison term. We affirmed. State v. Howard, 2d Dist. Montgomery No.

20575, 2005-Ohio-3702.

       {¶ 4}    In May 2013, Howard filed a “Motion To Modify The Defendant’s Sentence.”

 In his motion, Howard cited R.C. 2953.21 as authority for the trial court to modify his

sentence. Howard requested that the trial court modify his sentence by changing all of the

consecutive sentences to instead run concurrently with one another. The trial court overruled

this motion.

       {¶ 5}    In July 2013, Howard filed a “Motion to Correct Unconstitutional Sentence Per

R.C. 2929.14," and one week later filed an “Amended” version of the motion. In these two

documents, Howard contended that his prison sentence violated R.C.2929.14(B)(1)(b)’s

prohibition against imposing “more than one prison term on an offender under division (B)(1)(a)
                                                                                                3


of this section for felonies committed as part of the same act or transaction.” According to

Howard, all of his prison sentences should have been run concurrently rather than consecutively,

resulting in a prison sentence of ten years instead of thirty years.

       {¶ 6}    The trial court overruled Howard’s motion, finding that his arguments were

without merit and were barred by the doctrine of res judicata. From the order overruling his

motion, Howard appeals.



 II. The Doctrine of Res Judicata Precludes Howard from Raising Issues in his Petition for

           Post-Conviction Relief that He Could Have Raised in his Direct Appeal

       {¶ 7}    Howard’s sole assignment of error states:

               THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT THE DEFENDANT’S

       SINGLE ACTION WAS DIVISIBLE INTO MULTIPLE VIOLATIONS FOR

       WHICH HE WAS SENTENCED TO SEVERAL CONSECUTIVE PRISON

       TERMS IN DIRECT VIOLATION OF THE DOUBLE JEOPARDY CLAUSE

       OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION.

       {¶ 8}    Howard’s motions filed in 2013 are petitions for post-conviction relief, pursuant

to R.C. 2953.21. “We review trial court decisions on petitions for post-conviction relief under

an abuse of discretion standard.” (Citations omitted.) State v. Perkins, 2d Dist. Montgomery

No. 25808, 2014-Ohio-1863, ¶ 27. The term “abuse of discretion” has been defined as a

decision that is unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Huffman v. Hair Surgeon, Inc., 19

Ohio St.3d 83, 87, 482 N.E.2d 1248 (1985).

       {¶ 9}    Howard challenges the trial court’s decision in 2004 to impose consecutive
                                                                                                    4


sentences rather than concurrent sentences. On direct appeal, Howard contended, among other

things, that the trial court erred in imposing consecutive sentences. We affirmed the trial court’s

decision. State v. Howard, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 20575, 2005-Ohio-3702. “Under the

doctrine of res judicata, a final judgment of conviction bars a convicted defendant who was

represented by counsel from raising and litigating in any proceeding except an appeal from that

judgment, any defense or any claimed lack of due process that was raised or could have been

raised by the defendant at the trial, which resulted in that judgment of conviction, or on an appeal

from that judgment.” State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 175, 226 N.E.2d 104 (1967), paragraph nine

of the syllabus.      Consequently, Howard’s contention that the trial court erred in imposing

consecutive sentences rather than concurrent sentences is barred by the doctrine of res judicata.

       {¶ 10} In its brief, the State construes Howard’s assignment of error as raising an allied

offenses of similar import argument. Allied offenses of similar import are governed by R.C.

2941.25. Howard failed to invoke that statute. Moreover, a contention that the trial court

should have merged some of his offenses is a contention that should have been raised in

Howard’s direct appeal. Consequently, this argument is barred by the doctrine of res judicata.

Perkins at ¶ 71-74.

       {¶ 11} Howard argues that a claim raised under the Double Jeopardy provisions of the

United States Constitution and the Ohio Constitution is not subject to res judicata.            But

allied-offenses claims, based upon R.C. 2941.25, Ohio’s codification of the double-jeopardy

restriction, are subject to res judicata.    State v. Carter, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-14-1012,

2014-Ohio-2837, ¶ 13.         See also State v. Mack, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 13AP-884,

2014-Ohio-1648, ¶ 5-9; State v. Ellis, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99830, 2014-Ohio-3226, ¶ 9; State
                                                                                         5


v. Singleton, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 25946, 2014-Ohio-630, ¶ 20.

       {¶ 12} Howard’s sole assignment of error is overruled.



                                        III. Conclusion

       {¶ 13} Howard’s sole assignment of error having been overruled, the judgment of the

trial court is Affirmed.

                                                 .............



FROELICH, P.J., and HALL, J., concur.



Copies mailed to:

Mathias H. Heck
Michele D. Phipps
Leonard C. Howard
Hon. Gregory F. Singer
