                    IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
                             NO. 92-CC-00128-SCT
MISSISSIPPI STATE BOARD OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTANCY ACTING AS BOARD AND
TRIAL BOARD; ROY L. HORTON, JOSEPH F. CURRY, CATHY R. REED, MARGARET
F. BUTLER, JOHN M. ROBINSON, MARVEL A. TURNER, SR., SAM J. LAROSA, JR.,
AND BEN B. SAYLE, SR., CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS, EACH IN THEIR
INDIVIDUAL CAPACITY AND OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS MEMBERS OF THE
MISSISSIPPI STATE BOARD OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTANCY AND TRIAL BOARD
v.
STEPHEN W. GRAY, C.P.A.

DATE OF JUDGMENT:       1/16/92
TRIAL JUDGE:            HON. MICHAEL RAY EUBANKS
COURT FROM WHICH        MARION COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
APPEALED:
ATTORNEYS FOR           OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
APPELLANTS:
                        BY: JAMES F. STEEL
                             PHIL CARTER
ATTORNEYS FOR           C. MICHAEL ELLINGBURG
APPELLEE:
                     REX D. HARVEY
                     CHARLES L. BEARMAN
                     DAVID M. MCMULLAN
                     MARK HENRY
NATURE OF THE CASE:  CIVIL - STATE BOARDS AND AGENCIES
DISPOSITION:         CIRCUIT COURT ORDER REVERSED, AND DECISION BY
                     AGENCY REINSTATED - 5/9/96
MOTION FOR REHEARING 5/23/96
FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:      6/27/96




   BEFORE DAN M. LEE, C.J., McRAE AND SMITH, JJ.


   McRAE, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
¶1. This appeal arises from a January 16, 1992, order of the Marion County Circuit Court reversing a
decision of the Mississippi State Board of Public Accountancy to revoke the license of Stephen W. Gray,
C.P.A., for accepting referral commissions contrary to the Board's rules and regulations. The Board
contends that the circuit court failed to follow the appropriate standard of review in making its decision to
reverse the agency decision. Finding that the circuit court improperly substituted its own judgment for that
of the Board, we reverse and reinstate the Board's decision.

                                                       I.

¶2. As part of his accounting practice in Columbia, Mississippi, Stephen Gray found that many of his clients
requested non-attest (non-audit) services, including business, tax and financial planning. Initially, he
prepared financial planning packages and referred his clients to a securities broker. In June, 1987, Gray
obtained a broker's license to serve as a registered representative of H.D. Vest Investment Securities, Inc.,
a Texas-based investment firm, so that he might handle his clients' securities transactions as well as their
accounting business.

¶3. Gray claims to have limited his securities sales to clients for whom he conducted traditional non-attest
accounting functions, and further, that he did not solicit securities business from clients for whom he
performed only attest functions. He testified that he prominently displayed his broker's license in his office,
and informed prospective investors that he would earn a commission on any securities purchases based on
the commission structure set forth in the prospectuses he made available to them.

¶4. At the time Gray obtained his securities license, the Federal Trade Commission was involved in an effort
to eliminate a ban by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants ("AICPA") and the National
Association of State Boards of Accountancy ("NASBA") against accountants' receipt of commissions from
non-attest clients. However, as Gray admitted, the Mississippi State Board of Public Accountancy's Rules
and Regulations prohibited the acceptance of commissions. The rule had been in effect "at least since 1973
and has been strictly and consistently enforced by the Board over the years."

¶5. Al Allred, C.P.A. and chief financial officer for Mississippi Medical Management, wrote a letter of
complaint to the Board on November 13, 1990, asserting that he had discovered possible ethical violations
when performing accounting services for one of Gray's former clients. Gray was charged with violating
Board Regulation XI.A.2.d, which prohibits accountants from accepting commissions for referring clients to
products or services of others. At the April 19, 1991 hearing, Gray did not deny that he earned a
commission from his securities sales, but instead, challenged the legality of the rule's blanket prohibition
against an accountant's negotiation of a private contract with his client. He asserted that the prohibition
exceeded the statutory authority of the Board and did not serve to protect the public interest. The Board,
acting under the aegis of Miss. Code Ann. §73-33-11 (1972), issued an order on May 21, 1991, revoking
Gray's C.P.A. license and certificate.

¶6. On May 29, 1991, Gray filed his Complaint for Declaratory Judgment and Injunctive Relief in the
United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi, alleging that the Board's actions
violated the antitrust laws, Title 15 U.S.C. §1, et seq., and the First, Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to
the United States Constitution. On May 30, 1991, Gray further filed a Motion for a Preliminary Injunction
to prevent the enforcement of the Board's order. At the hearing, the District Court found that there were
issues of state law to resolve which might eliminate or modify Gray's federal law claims. The U.S. District
Court has retained jurisdiction over the case pending the outcome of this action.
¶7. Gray filed his Notice of Appeal from the Board's order in the Marion County Circuit Court on June 20,
1991. Both parties submitted briefs and oral arguments to the lower court, which, on January 16, 1992,
reversed the Board's order of revocation. Thereafter, the Board timely perfected this appeal.

                                                      II.

¶8. The decision of an administrative agency shall not be disturbed unless unsupported by substantial
evidence; arbitrary or capricious; beyond the agency's scope or powers; or violative of the constitutional or
statutory rights of the aggrieved party. Sprouse v. Mississippi Employment Security Commission, 639
So. 2d 901, 902 (Miss. 1994); Mississippi Commission on Environmental Quality v. Chickasaw
County Board of Supervisors, 621 So. 2d 1211, 1215 (Miss. 1993); Melody Manor Convalescent
Center v. Mississippi State Department of Health, 546 So. 2d 972, 974 (Miss. 1989). There is a
rebuttable presumption in favor of the agency's decisions; the burden of proving to the contrary is on the
challenging party. Sprouse, 639 So. 2d at 902; Chickasaw County, 621 So. 2d at 1216.

¶9. A reviewing court cannot substitute its judgment for that of the agency or reweigh the facts of the case.
Sprouse, 639 So. 2d at 902. Chickasaw County, 621 So. 2d at 1216; Mississippi Public Service
Commission v. Merchants Truck Line, Inc., 598 So. 2d 778, 782 (Miss. 1992). Chancery and circuit
courts are held to the same standard as this Court when reviewing agency decisions. Chickasaw County,
621 So. 2d at 1215. When we find that the lower court has exceeded its authority in overturning an agency
decision, we will reverse and reinstate the agency's decision. Chickasaw County, 621 So. 2d at 1215;
Merchants Truck Line, 598 So. 2d at 782.

                                                      III.

¶10. We agree with the Board's contention that the circuit court erroneously substituted its judgment for
that of the administrative agency without any finding that its actions were arbitrary and capricious, beyond
its power, unsupported by substantial evidence or in violation of Gray's constitutional rights.

¶11. Miss. Code Ann. §§73-33-1 through 19 established the Board of Public Accountancy to license and
regulate the activity of certified public accountants. § 73-33-5 further provides that:

      The Mississippi State Board of Public Accountancy is hereby authorized with the following powers
      and duties:

      (f) To adopt and enforce such rules and regulations concerning certified public accountant examinee
      and licensee qualifications and practices as the board considers necessary to maintain the highest
      standard of proficiency in the profession of certified public accounting and for the protection of the
      public interest. The standards of practice of certified public accountants shall include generally
      accepted auditing and accounting standards as promulgated by the Mississippi State Board of Public
      Accountancy;

¶12. Among the rules promulgated by the Board, Regulation XI.A.2.d provides:

      A licensee shall not pay a commission to obtain a client, nor shall he accept a commission for a
      referral to a client of products or services of others. This rule shall not prohibit payments for the
      purchase of all, or a material part of, an accounting practice or retirement payments to individuals
      formerly engaged in the practice of public accounting or payments to their heirs and estates.

The Mississippi Society of Certified Public Accountants has incorporated into its bylaws a Code of
Professional Ethics, which contains a provision analogous to the Board's regulation:

      The acceptance by a member in public practice of a payment for the referral of products or services
      of others to a client is prohibited. Such action is considered to create a conflict of interest that results
      in a loss of objectivity and independence. A member shall not pay a commission to obtain a client nor
      shall he accept a commission for a referral to a client of products or services of others.

Several reasons are given for the necessity of this rule. First, fidelity to the public trust requires "total
independence from the client at all times." United States v. Arthur Young & Co., 465 U.S. 805, 818
(1984). Second, independence begets objectivity. H. Rosenblum, Inc. v. Adler, 93 N.J. 324, 461 A.2d
138 (1983). Gray's dual role as a certified public accountant and a registered representative of the H.D.
Vest firm creates a potential conflict of interest and raises questions of independence and objectivity with
regard to whether his investment advice is motivated by the client's tax needs or the commissions those
investments might generate.

¶13. The circuit court placed appears to have placed more emphasis on the national organizations' position
than on the Board's regulations or the state organization's Code of Professional Responsibility, stating:

      While it is impressive that 46 states have prohibition [sic] against a C.P.A. receiving commissions, it is
      even more impressive to this court that the national association of all C.P.A.s specifically allows for
      the receipt of commissions.

¶14. While the circuit court judge recites the criteria for review articulated in Sprouse, no attempt was
made to show that the Board's decision was arbitrary and capricious, beyond its powers, unsupported by
substantial evidence or violative of Gray's rights. Rather, the opinion is peppered with the trial court's own
opinion of the Board's rule. For example, the opinion states, "[s]o the fact that 46 states [are] doing it
wrong does not make it right." Likewise, the circuit judge stated that, especially in the less-populated areas
of the State, he did not see why this sort of activity should be discouraged or prohibited. The opinion further
suggests, in an attempt at judicial rule-making, that any potential conflict of interest with a client could be
avoided by requiring certified public accountants to file with the Board "some sort of ethics statement
divulging any type of inter-relationship between that activity and his attest function with his clients."

¶15. The circuit court found that "the revocation of the license [is] too extreme a remedy for the facts and
circumstances of this case." However, this Court has held that "[t]he agency charged with regulating certain
activities knows best how to police its own." Harris v. Mississippi Real Estate Commission, 500 So.
2d 958, 963 (Miss. 1987). Where an administrative agency's decision is within its powers and neither
arbitrary nor capricious, is supported by substantial evidence in the record and does not violate the rights of
the aggrieved party, we have not hesitated to uphold the revocation or suspension of a professional license.
See Mississippi State Board of Psychological Examiners v. Hosford, 508 So. 2d 1049 (Miss. 1987);
Harris, 500 So.2d at 963; and Smith v. Sullivan, 419 So. 2d 184 (Miss. 1982).

                                                       IV.

¶16. The Mississippi State Board of Public Accountancy was acting within its regulatory power when it
revoked Gray's license. There is substantial evidence in the record to support the decision, which was not
arbitrary or capricious or in violation of Gray's rights. In conclusion, we find that the circuit court improperly
substituted its own judgment for that of the Board. Accordingly, we reverse the order of the circuit court
and reinstate the Board's decision.

¶17. REVERSE THE ORDER OF THE CIRCUIT COURT AND REINSTATE THE BOARD'S
DECISION.

LEE, C.J., PRATHER AND SULLIVAN, P.JJ., PITTMAN, BANKS, ROBERTS, SMITH AND
MILLS, JJ., CONCUR.
