                    United States Court of Appeals
                          FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
                                   ___________

                                   No. 03-2424
                                   ___________

E. Stephen Dean; Marcia C. Dean,     *
                                     *
           Appellants,               *
                                     * Appeal from the United States
      v.                             * District Court for the
                                     * Eastern District of Missouri
Russell Duckworth; Richard Blatz,    *
                                     *    [UNPUBLISHED]
           Appellees.                *
                                ___________

                            Submitted: March 25, 2004

                                 Filed: April 26, 2004
                                  ___________

Before BYE, McMILLIAN, and RILEY, Circuit Judges.
                            ___________

PER CURIAM.


       E. Stephen and Marcia Dean appeal from the final judgment entered in the
District Court1 for the Eastern District of Missouri granting summary judgment to
defendants in the Deans’ 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action. The Deans filed this action
alleging that two Missouri Department of Conservation officers violated the Deans’
Fourth Amendment rights by trespassing onto their property and photographing the


      1
       The Honorable Rodney W. Sippel, United States District Judge for the Eastern
District of Missouri.
construction of their new home without a warrant. For reversal, they argue that they
had a legitimate expectation of privacy in their partially constructed home, defendants
acted unreasonably in ignoring a “no trespassing” sign posted at the entrance to their
property, and defendants’ taking photographs was akin to thermal-imaging. For the
reasons discussed below, we affirm the judgment of the district court.

       Upon de novo review, see Hill v. Scott, 349 F.3d 1068, 1971 (8th Cir. 2003),
we agree with the district court that defendants’ actions, which occurred in the course
of their investigating road and bridge damage on Conservation Commission property,
did not violate the Deans’ Fourth Amendment rights. At the time of the alleged
intrusion, the Deans did not live in the partially constructed home and were not even
present in Missouri, the state of the home’s construction did not prevent visual
intrusion into it, and a construction worker--not the Deans--had posted the “no
trespassing” sign and had done so merely to protect his construction equipment. See
California v. Ciraolo, 476 U.S. 207, 211 (1986) (under Fourth Amendment, focus is
on whether individual has manifested subjective expectation of privacy in object of
challenged search and whether society is willing to recognize that expectation as
reasonable); cf. United States v. Taylor, 90 F.3d 903, 908-09 (4th Cir. 1996) (no
search occurred when police officer, who came to claimants’ home on ministerial
mission to return handgun, looked through picture window located directly adjacent
to front door; although window had vertical blinds, position of blinds did not prevent
visual intrusion into dining room and thus claimants exhibited no subjective
expectation of privacy in their dining room or items clearly visible through window).

      We reject as frivolous the Deans’ argument that taking photographs with an
ordinary camera was akin to thermal-imaging. Compare Ciraolo, 476 U.S. at 213
(warrantless aerial surveillance of fenced-in backyard within curtilage of home was
lawful), with Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27, 34, 40 (2001) (warrantless sense-
enhancing technology to observe interior of home was unlawful search because



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information obtained could not otherwise have been obtained without physical
intrusion into home and technology in question was not in general public use).

      Accordingly, we affirm.
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