[Cite as UAP-Columbus JV326132 v. Young, 2014-Ohio-4590.]

                           IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

                                TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT


UAP-Columbus JV326132,                          :
c/o Northwestern Mutual Insurance,
                                                :
               Plaintiff-Appellee,
                                                :
v.                                                               No. 14AP-422
                                                :            (C.P.C. No. 07CV-017339)
Michael J. Young et al.,
                                                :           (REGULAR CALENDAR)
               Defendants-Appellants,
                                                :
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Trustee for
RMAC REMIC Trust-Series 2009-8                  :
et al.,
             Defendants-Appellees.              :




                                      D E C I S I O N

                                 Rendered on October 16, 2014


               Michael J. Young, pro se.

               Carlisle, McNellie, Rini, Kramer & Ulrich, Co., LPA, and
               Eric T. Deighton, for appellee Wells Fargo Bank.

                 APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas.

BROWN, J.
       {¶ 1} Michael J. Young ("Young") and Michael J. Young, trustee ("Young,
trustee"), defendants-appellants (sometimes referred to collectively as "Young
appellants"), appeal the judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas in
which the court granted the motion for summary judgment filed by Wells Fargo Bank,
N.A., Trustee for RMAC REMIC Trust-Series 2009-8, defendant-appellee.
No. 14AP-422                                                                                   2

       {¶ 2} On April 27, 2006, Young executed a note payable to The Huntington
National Bank ("Huntington"). The note was secured by a mortgage in favor of Mortgage
Electronic Registration Systems, Inc. ("MERS"), as nominee for Huntington. On May 9,
2006, Young transferred, via quitclaim, the subject property to a trust with Young as
trustee.
       {¶ 3} On December 20, 2007, UAP-Columbus JV326132 ("UAP") filed this
foreclosure action against Young, Huntington, and several other defendants. UAP sought
to collect on a judgment lien previously obtained against Young. Huntington filed an
answer and cross-claim, seeking a share of the proceeds resulting from any foreclosure
and sale of the property for unpaid sums due on the note. Young asserted in his answer
that UAP's lien was not enforceable against the property because that property was held in
trust and not by Young. Young later raised the same issue in a motion for summary
judgment, which the trial court denied.
       {¶ 4} UAP also filed its own motion for summary judgment, arguing that it was
entitled to judgment because no valid trust existed. UAP contended that, despite the fact
that Young's son was the beneficiary of the trust and Young actually possessed the
beneficial interest and legal title to the subject property, the legal and equitable title of the
trust property merged, thereby defeating the trust. The trial court granted UAP's motion.
On June 4, 2009, the trial court issued a judgment entry and foreclosure decree.
       {¶ 5} In UAP-Columbus JV326132 v. Young, 10th Dist. No. 09AP-646, 2010-
Ohio-485, we found the trial court erred when it granted UAP summary judgment,
disagreeing with the trial court's conclusion that Young's son was not a legitimate trust
beneficiary and finding the trust was not invalid for lack of a beneficiary separate from
Young. With regard to the trial court's denial of Young's motion for summary judgment,
we found the trial court correctly concluded that questions of fact remained regarding
whether Young fraudulently transferred the property to the trust and these factual
questions precluded summary judgment in Young's favor.               We declined to rule on
whether UAP's failure to join Young, in his capacity as trustee, or Young's son, as trust
beneficiary, prevented the transfer of clear title to the property, as the trial court had yet
to address the issue.     Therefore, we reversed the trial court's granting of summary
judgment to UAP and remanded the matter to the trial court.
No. 14AP-422                                                                                3

       {¶ 6} After Huntington transferred the note to Wells Fargo and MERS assigned
the mortgage to Wells Fargo, Wells Fargo filed a motion on September 16, 2010,
requesting that it be substituted for MERS based upon the assignment of the mortgage.
On the same date, Wells Fargo filed a motion for leave to file an amended answer, cross-
claim, and counterclaim seeking foreclosure on the property. The trial court granted both
of Wells Fargo's motions. Because no party answered Wells Fargo's amended pleading,
the trial court granted Wells Fargo default judgment on September 30, 2011. Young
appealed.
       {¶ 7} In UAP-Columbus JV326132 v. Young, 10th Dist. No. 11AP-926, 2012-
Ohio-2471, we found that, based upon the lack of any description of Young as a trustee in
Wells Fargo's or UAP's pleadings and Young's consistent protestations that he was not
sued as trustee, Young was a defendant to this action in his individual, not his trustee,
capacity. Thus, we found, because neither Wells Fargo nor UAP sued Young in his
capacity as trustee, the owner of the subject property was not a party to the litigation, and
the trial court erred in ordering foreclosure. We reversed the trial court's judgment and
remanded the matter.
       {¶ 8} On August 24, 2012, Wells Fargo sought leave to file an amended answer
and cross-claim, listing Young, individually, and Young, trustee, as defendants.          On
August 29, 2012, the trial court granted Wells Fargo's motion for leave to file an amended
answer and cross-claim. On May 16, 2013, Wells Fargo filed a motion for summary
judgment with respect to the note and mortgage. Wells Fargo argued that it was entitled
to a monetary judgment with respect to the promissory note and foreclosure with respect
to the mortgage.
       {¶ 9} In its memorandum contra Wells Fargo's motion for summary judgment,
the Young appellants argued, among other things, that (1) the amended answer and cross-
claim were not properly before the court because they were filed on August 24, 2012, but
the trial court did not grant the motion for leave to file such until August 29, 2012, and (2)
the mortgage assignment from MERS to Wells Fargo was invalid.
       {¶ 10} On May 9, 2014, the trial court granted Wells Fargo's motion for summary
judgment. On May 14, 2014, the court entered a judgment entry of foreclosure. The
Young appellants (sometimes referred to collectively as "Young" when discussing the
No. 14AP-422                                                                            4

arguments on appeal) appeal the judgment of the trial court, asserting the following
assignments of error:
             [I.] THE APPELLEE'S FAILURE TO RECOGNIZE
             PAYMENTS MADE BY DEFENDANTS MICHAEL J. YOUNG
             AND MICHAEL J. YOUNG, TRUSTEE ON THE NOTE AND
             MORTGAGE THAT IS THE SUBJECT MATTER OF
             APPELLEE PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT AND CROSS-CLAIM,
             AND THE TRIAL COURT'S DISREGARDING OF SAID
             PAYMENTS ON SAID NOTE AND MORTGAGE AS
             REFERRED TO IN THE AFFIDAVIT OF YOUNG, AND THE
             TRIAL COURT'S FAILURE TO HOLD AN EVIDENTIARY
             HEARING REGARDING SAID PAYMENTS.

             [II.] THE APPELLEE'S FAILURE TO BE PROPERLY
             BEFORE THE TRIAL COURT IN APPELLEE'S "Amended
             Answer and Cross-Claim" AND DISREGARD OF THIS
             PROCEDURAL ERROR BY THE TRIAL COURT.

             [III.] APPELLEE HAS FAILED TO DEMONSTRATE THAT
             IT IS THE LEGAL HOLDER OF THE NOTE AND
             MORTGAGE THAT IS THE SUBJECT MATTER OF
             APPELLEE PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT AND CROSS-CLAIM,
             AND THE TRIAL COURT HAS ERRED IN a) THE
             APPROVAL     OF   APPELLEE'S   UNCORROBORATED
             ALLEGED ASSIGNMENTS OF SAID NOTE AND
             MORTGAGE, b) THE DISREGARD, AS AN ALLEGED
             MATTER OF LAW, OF APPELLANT'S CHALLENGE TO THE
             AUTHENTICITY OF OWNERSHIP OF SAID NOTE AND
             MORTGAGE BY APPELLEE, AND, c) THE DISREGARD OF
             ANY EVIDENCE OR DOCUMENTS THAT ACCURATELY
             STATES THE RATE OF INTEREST ON THE REFERENCED
             NOTE AND CHANGES IN INTEREST RATES OF SAID
             NOTE SINCE ITS INCEPTION.

      {¶ 11} All of Young's assignments of error concern the trial court's granting of
Wells Fargo's motion for summary judgment. Summary judgment is appropriate when
the moving party demonstrates that (1) there is no genuine issue of material fact, (2) the
moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, and (3) reasonable minds can
come to but one conclusion when viewing the evidence most strongly in favor of the non-
moving party and that conclusion is adverse to the non-moving party.          Hudson v.
Petrosurance, Inc., 127 Ohio St.3d 54, 2010-Ohio-4505, ¶ 29; Sinnott v. Aqua-Chem, Inc.,
116 Ohio St.3d 158, 2007-Ohio-5584, ¶ 29. Appellate review of a trial court's ruling on a
No. 14AP-422                                                                                5

motion for summary judgment is de novo. Hudson at ¶ 29. This means that an appellate
court conducts an independent review, without deference to the trial court's
determination. Zurz v. 770 W. Broad AGA, L.L.C., 192 Ohio App.3d 521, 2011-Ohio-832,
¶ 5 (10th Dist.); White v. Westfall, 183 Ohio App.3d 807, 2009-Ohio-4490, ¶ 6 (10th
Dist.).
          {¶ 12} When seeking summary judgment on the grounds that the non-moving
party cannot prove its case, the moving party bears the initial burden of informing the
trial court of the basis for the motion and identifying those portions of the record that
demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact on an essential element of the
non-moving party's claims. Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 293 (1996). The moving
party does not discharge this initial burden under Civ.R. 56 by simply making a
conclusory allegation that the non-moving party has no evidence to prove its case. Id.
Rather, the moving party must affirmatively demonstrate by affidavit or other evidence
allowed by Civ.R. 56(C) that the non-moving party has no evidence to support its claims.
Id. If the moving party meets its burden, then the non-moving party has a reciprocal
burden to set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial. Civ.R.
56(E); Id. at 293. If the non-moving party does not so respond, summary judgment, if
appropriate, shall be entered against the non-moving party. Id.
          {¶ 13} Young argues in his first assignment of error that the trial court erred when
it failed to recognize payments made by the Young appellants on the note and mortgage.
Young asserts that he attached an affidavit to his memorandum contra Wells Fargo's
motion for summary judgment that averred both Young appellants had made payments
on the note and mortgage after July 9, 2009, contrary to Wells Fargo's claim.
          {¶ 14} In its decision, the trial court stated that the Young appellants failed to
present any evidence, such as cancelled checks or copies of bank statements, of having
made any payments on the note and mortgage after July 2009. The trial court found that
the affidavit of Young, individually, was self-serving and contained nothing more than
bare contradictions of the evidence offered by Wells Fargo.
          {¶ 15} We reject Young's contentions. As explained above, when the moving party
satisfies this burden of production, the opposing party's reciprocal burden is triggered
requiring introduction of evidence allowed under Civ.R. 56(C) to demonstrate genuine
No. 14AP-422                                                                              6

issues of material fact. See id. at 293-94. However, a party's self-serving assertions
offered by way of affidavit are not sufficient to demonstrate material issues of fact.
Morantz v. Ortiz, 10th Dist. No. 07AP-597, 2008-Ohio-1046, ¶ 16. "Otherwise, a party
could avoid summary judgment under all circumstances by simply submitting such a self-
serving affidavit containing nothing more than bare contradictions of the evidence the
moving party offered." Id.
        {¶ 16} Here, Wells Fargo attached to its motion for summary judgment an affidavit
attesting to the status of Young's account and the amount due on the note. Kevin Elliott,
vice president of the loan servicer for Wells Fargo, testified that he reviewed Young's loan
file, Young's loan history, and databases related to Young's note, and averred that the loan
was and is in default. Elliott also averred that mortgage payments for the month of July
2009 and months thereafter had not been made. Wells Fargo also attached to its motion
documents detailing Young's loan payments and the balance remaining on the note. In
reply, Young averred in his affidavit only that he made payments on the note after July 9,
2009.
        {¶ 17} In another foreclosure case, the court in Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co. v.
Najar, 8th Dist. No. 98502, 2013-Ohio-1657, rejected an affidavit similar to Young's on
the same grounds. In that case, the only evidence the borrowers offered to contradict the
balance due on the note was an affidavit in which the affiant averred that the payoff
statement submitted by the lender was not a record of the affiant's payment history, the
payoff statement did not accurately reflect the amount she owed on the account, the last
payment on the loan was not on the date claimed by the lender, she had remitted at least
four payments after the date claimed by the lender to be the last date of payment, and she
had receipts to prove she made later payments. The court of appeals found that the
affidavit contained only conclusory, self-serving assertions without any corroborating
materials and was insufficient to demonstrate issues of material fact. The court pointed
out that no receipts documenting additional payments appeared in the record. The court
also found that the affiant failed to identify what additional payments she contended were
made, when they were made, and in what amounts or what amount she contended was
actually due on the loan. The court concluded that the affiant's conclusory statement that
No. 14AP-422                                                                               7

the balance the bank claimed was due was incorrect was unsupported by any facts or
evidence.
       {¶ 18} Likewise, in the present case, Young offered in his affidavit only the
conclusory statement that he made payments on the note after July 2009. However,
Young fails to specify in the affidavit when those payments were made and the amount of
such payments and otherwise fails to provide any evidence to support his claim. Young
fails to provide any averment as to any other amount he believes is currently due.
Therefore, we agree with the trial court that Young's affidavit was insufficient to prevent
summary judgment.       See also Asset Mgt. W. 9, L.L.C. v. McBrayer, 12th Dist. No.
CA2014-02-004, 2014-Ohio-2479 (rejecting self-serving affidavit of borrowers who
averred only that they disputed the amount the lender claimed was owed on the loan and
finding they failed to submit a single piece of evidence to demonstrate that any other
amount was due and owing or that they made payments that were not credited to them);
Huntington Natl. Bank v. Belcher, 6th Dist. No. WD-11-055, 2012-Ohio-3731 (rejecting
borrower's self-serving affidavit that the bank erred in the posting of her loan payments
because she presented no further evidence that the bank erred in posting her payments;
when faced with the evidence of the bank records, the borrower was required to come
forward with additional evidence of payment beyond her own remembrance of having
made them to defeat summary judgment).
       {¶ 19} Furthermore, we also find without merit Young's argument that the trial
court should have held an evidentiary hearing so he could present additional evidence
demonstrating his payments beyond July 2009. Nothing in Civ.R. 56 contemplates an
evidentiary hearing. Castrataro v. Urban, 10th Dist. No. 03AP-128, 2003-Ohio-4705,
¶ 16. To the contrary, evidence must be submitted before the hearing date. See id; Blair
v. Harmon, 1st Dist. No. C-960093 (Nov. 13, 1996) (the basic purpose of a motion for
summary judgment is to determine whether there is any need for an evidentiary hearing
beyond the scope of that contemplated by Civ.R. 56; the motion enables a court to assess
the proffered proof to see whether there is a genuine need for trial and, thereby, to serve
the interest of justice by avoiding needless trials where no triable issue exists). While the
trial court, in its discretion, may allow oral argument on a summary judgment motion, it
is not required to do so. Castrataro at ¶ 16. Therefore, here, the trial court was not
No. 14AP-422                                                                                8

required to hold an evidentiary hearing to permit Young to submit additional evidence.
For these reasons, Young's first assignment of error is overruled.
       {¶ 20} Young argues in his second assignment of error that Wells Fargo's amended
answer and cross-claim were not properly before the trial court. Young points out that, on
August 24, 2012, Wells Fargo filed a motion to add new party and leave to plead and an
amended answer and cross-claim. Young further points out that the trial court did not file
its order granting the motion to add new party and leave to plead until August 29, 2012.
Thus, Young asserts Wells Fargo's amended answer and cross-claim were not properly
before the court because the court did not grant the motion for leave to plead until after
Wells Fargo filed its amended answer and cross-claim.
       {¶ 21} In its decision, the trial court found that Wells Fargo's amended answer and
cross-claim were properly before the court. The court reasoned that, despite the fact that
it did not grant Wells Fargo's motion for leave to plead until after Wells Fargo filed its
amended answer and cross-claim, the court, in granting the motion, treated it as if it
sought leave instanter because the court did not specify that Wells Fargo was required to
again file the amended pleading within so many days of the order granting leave.
       {¶ 22} A decision to grant or deny leave to file a motion instanter rests in the trial
court's discretion. Toledo v. Stuart, 11 Ohio App.3d 292 (6th Dist.1983). In order to find
an abuse of discretion, we must determine the trial court's decision was unreasonable,
arbitrary or unconscionable and not merely an error of law or judgment. Blakemore v.
Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217 (1983).
       {¶ 23} In the present case, it was well within the trial court's discretion to construe
Wells Fargo's motion to amend its answer and cross-claim as one to amend instanter.
Civ.R. 15(A) provides for a liberal amendment policy; it is a basic tenet of Ohio
jurisprudence that cases should be decided on their merits. Perotti v. Ferguson, 7 Ohio
St.3d 1, 3 (1983). Even if the better course would have been for Wells Fargo to specifically
title its motion as one seeking leave instanter, as the trial court noted, Young suffered no
prejudice as a result of the trial court deeming the motion to be instanter. Wells Fargo did
not file its motion for summary judgment until May 16, 2013, and Young filed a
memorandum contra.        Furthermore, the trial court did not rule on the summary
judgment motion until nearly one year later on May 9, 2014. Thus, Young had ample time
No. 14AP-422                                                                              9

to respond to the amended pleadings, and we can see no prejudice in the trial court's
actions. Therefore, we overrule Young's second assignment of error.
       {¶ 24} Young argues in his third assignment of error that the trial court erred when
it found Wells Fargo had standing. Young asserts that the document entitled "Mortgage
Assignment" that Wells Fargo attached to its motion for summary judgment is flawed and
improper, as Young believes the signatory for assignor MERS is not a proper corporate
signatory for MERS. Young argues that there is no corporate resolution that authorized
the signatory to execute the purported mortgage assignment on behalf of MERS. Young
points out that other Ohio courts have questioned MERS's use of invalid and illegal
signatures and practices, and the signature in this case is a "sham." Young also argues
that, even if MERS properly transferred the mortgage to Wells Fargo, Wells Fargo did not
own the note and mortgage on the date the complaint was filed.
       {¶ 25} In Fed. Home Loan Mtge. Corp. v. Schwartzwald, 134 Ohio St.3d 13, 2012-
Ohio-5017, the Supreme Court of Ohio held that standing is a jurisdictional prerequisite
before common pleas courts can proceed with foreclosure actions.           Id. at ¶ 22-28.
Generally, we review issues of subject-matter jurisdiction de novo. See Yu v. Zhang, 175
Ohio App.3d 83, 2008-Ohio-400, ¶ 16 (2d Dist.).
       {¶ 26} Young, in the present case, only takes issue with the validity of the
assignment of the mortgage to challenge Wells Fargo's standing.          In order to have
standing to bring a foreclosure case, the plaintiff must demonstrate that it has an interest
in either the promissory note or mortgage. U.S. Bank Natl. Assn. v. Gray, 10th Dist. No.
12AP-953, 2013-Ohio-3340, ¶ 27; Fed. Home Loan Mtge. Corp. v. Koch, 11th Dist. No.
2012-G-3084, 2013-Ohio-4423, ¶ 24, citing Fed. Home Loan Mtge. Corp. v. Rufo, 11th
Dist. No. 2012-A-0011, 2012-Ohio-5930, ¶ 18. Standing to enforce a note gives a party
standing to enforce the mortgage. Gray at ¶ 32-35.
       {¶ 27} If a note is negotiable under R.C. 1303.03(A), Chapter 1303, Ohio's version
of Article 3 of the Uniform Commercial Code, will apply.           Bank of Am., N.A. v.
Pasqualone, 10th Dist. No. 13AP-87, 2013-Ohio-5795, ¶ 27-28. It is generally recognized
by Ohio courts that a note secured by a mortgage is a negotiable instrument. Id. at ¶ 29,
citing Gray at ¶ 23; Wright-Patt Credit Union, Inc. v. Byington, 6th Dist. No. E-12-002,
No. 14AP-422                                                                              10

2013-Ohio-3963, ¶ 11; U.S. Bank, N.A. v. Bennett, 7th Dist. No. 11 MA 40, 2012-Ohio-
2700, ¶ 19. Thus, a note secured by a mortgage is governed by R.C. Chapter 1303.
       {¶ 28} A party has standing to invoke the court's jurisdiction if, at the time the
complaint is filed, the party is a holder of the note. Bank of Am., N.A. v. Harris, 8th Dist.
No. 99272, 2013-Ohio-5749, ¶ 8-10. R.C. 1303.31(A) identifies three "persons" entitled to
enforce an instrument: (1) the holder of the instrument, (2) a nonholder in possession of
the instrument who has the rights of a holder, and (3) a person not in possession of the
instrument who is entitled to enforce the instrument pursuant to R.C. 1303.38 or
1303.58(D). R.C. 1301.201(B)(21)(a) defines a holder of a negotiable instrument as "[t]he
person in possession of a negotiable instrument that is payable either to bearer or to an
identified person that is the person in possession." Determining whether a plaintiff-
creditor is a holder requires physical examination both the face of the note and any
indorsements. Thus, the imperative issue for purposes of standing is whether the plaintiff
is a person entitled to enforce the instrument.       Who "owns" the note is irrelevant.
Nationstar Mtge., L.L.C. v. West, 2d Dist. No. 25813, 2014-Ohio-735, ¶ 33 (who owns the
note is not relevant; the relevant issues are who had the right to enforce the note when the
suit was filed and whether another party subsequently obtained the right to enforce the
note); Pasqualone at ¶ 24-25.
       {¶ 29} In the present case, Wells Fargo submitted an affidavit from Elliot averring
that it had possession of the note and that the copy it presented was true and correct. The
note contained an allonge with an indorsement from Huntington to Wells Fargo.
Therefore, because Wells Fargo was in possession of the note that was payable to Wells
Fargo, it was a holder under R.C. 1301.201(B)(21)(a). As the holder of the note, Wells
Fargo was a person entitled to enforce the note, pursuant to R.C. 1303.31(A)(1), and had
standing to invoke the trial court's jurisdiction.
       {¶ 30} Furthermore, negotiation of a note secured by a mortgage operates as an
equitable assignment of the mortgage, even if the mortgage is not assigned or delivered.
Id. at ¶ 39, citing Gray at ¶ 32. In other words, the physical transfer of the note indorsed
specifically to the identified person in possession of the note, which the mortgage secures,
" 'constitutes an equitable assignment of the mortgage, regardless of whether the
mortgage is actually (or validly) assigned or delivered.' " Gray at ¶ 32, quoting Deutsche
No. 14AP-422                                                                                 11

Bank at ¶ 65 (even if the assignment of mortgage was invalid, the plaintiff would still be
entitled to enforce the mortgage because, under Ohio law, the mortgage follows the note it
secures). See also Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Goebel, 2d Dist. No. 25745, 2014-Ohio-472,
¶ 12-13 (even assuming, arguendo, that there was some irregularity in the assignment of
the mortgage, Wells Fargo indisputably held the note secured by the mortgage when it
filed its complaint; that being so, Wells Fargo was not even required to have the mortgage
formally assigned to it). As explained above, the evidence demonstrates that Wells Fargo
had possession of the note, bearing a specific indorsement from Huntington. Therefore,
the negotiation of the note from Huntington to Wells Fargo constituted an equitable
assignment of the mortgage, and Young's argument regarding the validity of the
assignment of the mortgage is irrelevant.
       {¶ 31} Young additionally argues Wells Fargo did not have standing because it did
not have any interest in the note and mortgage until September 2010, which was more
than two years after UAP filed its original foreclosure action on December 20, 2007. It is
true this court has held that a plaintiff has standing to initiate a complaint in foreclosure
only if it has an interest in either the note or mortgage at the time it files suit. See Gray at
¶ 27. However, when foreclosure is sought in a cross-claim, as Wells Fargo does here, the
relevant date upon which to determine standing is the date of the filing of the cross-claim
in foreclosure. See Leondard v. Georgesville Ctr., L.L.C., 10th Dist. No. 13AP-97, 2013-
Ohio-5390 (addressing whether defendant had standing at the time it filed its cross-claim
for foreclosure). In this case, the assignment of the note and mortgage took place on or
about September 1, 2010, and Wells Fargo filed its cross-claim in foreclosure on
September 16, 2010. Thus, Wells Fargo was a valid holder of the note at the time it filed
its cross-claim in foreclosure. For all the foregoing reasons, we find the trial court did not
err when it found Wells Fargo had standing.           Therefore, we overrule Young's third
assignment of error.
       {¶ 32} Accordingly, Young's three assignments of error are overruled, and the
judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
                                                                         Judgment affirmed.

                       KLATT and LUPER SCHUSTER, JJ., concur.
                             ________________________
