[Cite as State v. Coleman, 2018-Ohio-1709.]


                              IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                                 FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                     HIGHLAND COUNTY

STATE OF OHIO,                                   :

        Plaintiff-Appellee,                      :    Case No. 16CA18

v.                                               :
                                                      DECISION AND
JEVONNA COLEMAN,                                 :    JUDGMENT ENTRY

        Defendant-Appellant.                     :    RELEASED 04/25/2018


                                              APPEARANCES:


Angela Miller, Jupiter, Florida, for Appellant.

Anneka P. Collins, Highland County Prosecuting Attorney, Hillsboro, Ohio, for Appellee.


Hoover, P.J.
        {¶1}     Defendant-appellant, Jevonna Coleman (“Coleman”), appeals from a judgment of

conviction and sentence entered by the Highland County Court of Common Pleas. The trial court

found Coleman, defendant below and appellant herein, guilty of four counts of Trafficking in

Heroin and one count of Trafficking in Cocaine, all in the Vicinity of a School and all in

violation of R.C. 2925.03(A)(1). The trial court also found Coleman guilty of the forfeiture

specification.

        {¶2}     For the reasons that follow, we modify the judgment of the trial court by vacating

the requirement that Coleman pay restitution to the Highland County Sheriff’s Department

through the Victim Restitution Escrow Account of the Highland County Victim Witness Office.

Otherwise, the remainder of the judgment is affirmed as modified.


                                   I. Facts and Procedural History
Highland App. No. 16CA18                                                                                            2


         {¶3}     In December 2015, the State of Ohio indicted Coleman on twenty-five counts of

drug related offenses. The underlying facts of the indictment are not relevant to the issues in this

appeal; therefore, we will not address them.

         {¶4}     In early 2016, Coleman entered into a plea agreement with the State of Ohio. This

agreement is set forth in the document entitled “Plea of Guilty” as follows:

         Defendant will plead guilty to counts 4, 6, 8, 16, and 18. State will dismiss

         remaining counts. State and defense jointly recommend 12 months on each count

         consecutive to each other for a total of 60 months. Defendant will pay restitution

         as follows: $510.00 join [sic] and several with Jeff Coleman; $350.00 joint and

         several with Jeff Coleman and Lawrence Wheaton; and $530.00 joint and several

         with Lawrence Wheaton. Defendant agrees to forfeiture as outlined in Count 33.

         {¶5}     The transcript of the change of plea hearing reflects that the trial court recited the

agreement as follows:


         THE COURT: All right. Now on Page 2 it’s typed in “The Defendant will plead

         guilty to Counts 4, 6, 8, 16, and 18. The State will dismiss the remaining counts.

         State and Defense jointly recommend twelve (12) months on each count

         consecutive to each other for a total of sixty (60) months.


         ‘Defendant will pay restitution as follows:


         $500.001 joint and several with Jeff Coleman.


         $350.00 joint and several with Jeff Coleman and Lawrence Wheaton. And



1
 The transcript states $500.00 restitution in contrast with the journal entry that states $510.00. Because of our
disposition of this appeal, the discrepancy between the two figures is irrelevant.
Highland App. No. 16CA18                                                                              3


        $530.00 joint and several with Lawrence Wheaton.


        ‘And, Defendant agrees to the forfeiture outlined in Count 33.’


        Now, is that your understanding of the entire agreement between you and the

        State of Ohio?


        DEFENDANT COLEMAN: Yes, Your Honor.


        {¶6}    After the trial court explained Coleman’s constitutional rights to her, Coleman

entered pleas of “Guilty” to each of the five counts and the forfeiture specification count. Both

the State and Coleman requested the Court to approve the plea agreement. The trial court then

sentenced Coleman to twelve months on each of the five counts to be served consecutively for a

total of sixty (60) months. The trial court also ordered the suspension of Coleman’s driving

privileges for a total period of thirty months. In addition, the trial court ordered the forfeiture of a

vehicle.

        {¶7}    The transcript demonstrates that the trial court ordered Coleman to pay restitution:


                * * * jointly and severely [sic], $510.00, uh, with Jeffrey Coleman;

        $350.00 jointly and severely [sic] with Jeffrey Coleman and Lawrence Wheaton;

        and $530.00 jointly and severely [sic] with Lawrence Wheaton. And that is a

        substantive part of the sentence. So, even after you complete your prison term,

        Ms. Coleman, you’re still required to pay that. And that could be enforced

        through other legal means if you fail to do that.
Highland App. No. 16CA18                                                                             4


               Your payments will be made through the Victim Witness Escrow office

       account. And you’ll be required to pay any service fees that are charged to

       provide that service.


       {¶8}    The trial court added in its sentencing entry that the restitution would be paid to

the Highland County Sheriff’s Office:


       Defendant is ordered to pay restitution as follows: $510.00 joint & several with

       Jeffrey Coleman; $350.00 joint & several with Jeffrey Coleman and Lawrence

       Wheaton; and $530.00 joint & several with Lawrence Wheaton all to the

       Highland County Sheriff’s Office through the Victim Restitution Escrow Account

       of the Highland County Victim Witness Office, 112 Governor Foraker Place,

       Hillsboro, Ohio 45133, including a processing fee for each payment made.


       {¶9}    Coleman did not file her appeal within thirty days of the filing of the sentencing

entry. However, she filed a motion for leave to file a delayed appeal, which this court granted.

Coleman then filed her notice of appeal; but, her counsel filed a brief and requested to withdraw

under Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967). We granted

Coleman’s original appellate counsel leave to withdraw and appointed current appellate counsel

to prosecute the appeal.


                                    II. Assignment of Error


       {¶10} Coleman assigns the following error for our review:


       The trial court committed plain error when it ordered Appellant Coleman to pay
       restitution to the Highland County Sheriff’s Department. To do so violates R.C.
       2929.18(A)(1) as well as Coleman’s right to due process under the Ohio and
       United States Constitutions.
Highland App. No. 16CA18                                                                              5



                                       III. Law and Analysis


       {¶11} When reviewing felony sentences, we apply the standard of review set forth

in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). State v. Graham, 4th Dist. Highland No. 13CA11, 2014–Ohio–3149, ¶

31; State v. Bever, 4th Dist. Washington No. 13CA21, 2014–Ohio–600, ¶ 13. R.C.

2953.08(G)(2) specifies that an appellate court may increase, reduce, modify, or vacate and

remand a challenged felony sentence if the court clearly and convincingly finds either that “the

record does not support the sentencing court's findings” under the specified statutory provisions

or “the sentence is otherwise contrary to law.”

       {¶12} In this case, Coleman agreed to her sentence and thus failed to object to any

portion of the sentence. As a result of Coleman’s failure to object, she has waived all but plain

error. “Plain errors or defects affecting substantial rights may be noticed although they were not

brought to the attention of the court.” Crim.R. 52(B). “ ‘A silent defendant has the burden to

satisfy the plain-error rule[,] and a reviewing court may consult the whole record when

considering the effect of any error on substantial rights.’ ” State v. Frazier, 4th Dist. Pickaway

No. 10CA15, 2011 WL 856964, ¶ 14 (March 9, 2011), quoting State v. Davis, 4th Dist. Highland

No. 06CA21, 2007–Ohio–3944, ¶ 22, in turn citing United States v. Vonn, 535 U.S. 55, 59, 122

S.Ct. 1043, 152 L.Ed.2d 90 (2002).

       {¶13} In order to find plain error: (1) there must be an error, i.e., “a deviation from a

legal rule”; (2) the error must be plain, i.e., “an ‘obvious’ defect in the trial proceedings”; and (3)

the error must have affected “substantial rights,” i.e., it must have affected the outcome of the

proceedings. State v. Barnes, 94 Ohio St.3d 21, 27, 759 N.E.2d 1240 (2002). Furthermore, the

Supreme Court of Ohio has admonished courts that notice of plain error under Crim.R. 52(B) is

to be taken “ ‘with the utmost caution, under exceptional circumstances and only to prevent a
Highland App. No. 16CA18                                                                              6


manifest miscarriage of justice.’ ” Id., quoting State v. Long, 53 Ohio St.2d 91, 372 N.E.2d 804

(1978), at paragraph three of the syllabus.

           {¶14} Coleman argues that “the trial court committed plain error in ordering [her] to pay

restitution to the Highland County Sheriff’s Department. Courts are prohibited from ordering

restitution to law enforcement agencies for the cost of investigations.” The State concedes that

R.C. 2929.18 “governs a trial court’s ability to award restitution and does not allow a trial court

to ‘order’ restitution to a law enforcement agency.” However, the State contends that the statute

does not restrict the parties from agreeing to an award of restitution that is not provided for in the

statute.

           {¶15} Along with her due process argument, Coleman contends that the trial court erred

by violating R.C. 2929.18 which provides:

           (A) Except as otherwise provided in this division and in addition to imposing

           court costs pursuant to section 2947.23 of the Revised Code, the court imposing a

           sentence upon an offender for a felony may sentence the offender to any financial

           sanction or combination of financial sanctions authorized under this section * * *.

           Financial sanctions that may be imposed pursuant to this section include, but are

           not limited to, the following:

           (1) Restitution by the offender to the victim of the offender’s crime or any

           survivor of the victim, in an amount based on the victim’s economic loss. If the

           court imposes restitution, the court shall order that the restitution be made to the

           victim in open court, to the adult probation department that serves the county on

           behalf of the victim, to the clerk of courts, or to another agency designated by the

           court. * * *
Highland App. No. 16CA18                                                                           7


        {¶16} The trial court did not mention at either the change of plea hearing or the

sentencing hearing that the restitution was reimbursement of monies used to purchase drugs.

However, the State sets forth in its brief that the “restitution represented the money used to

purchase illegal drugs from Appellant and her co-defendants.” Coleman also states that the

“money was specifically designated to replenish the drug buy money that was expended in

Coleman’s case.”

        {¶17} This court explained in State v. Samuels, 4th Dist. Washington No. 03CA8, 2003-

Ohio-6106, ¶ 5, citing Black’s Law Dictionary (5th Ed.1979) 1405, that a “victim” is “generally

defined as the person who was ‘the object’ of the crime-e.g. the victim of the robbery is the

person who was robbed.” A law enforcement agency is not a “victim” under R.C.

2929.18(A)(1) when it voluntarily spends its own funds to pursue a drug buy through an

informant. Id. at ¶¶ 5, 10. Consequently, those expended funds cannot constitute a “victim’s

economic loss” under the statute. The trial court committed plain error when it ordered the

defendant to pay restitution for such expenditures because the restitution was not authorized by

statute. Id. at ¶ 9.

        {¶18} This court then applied the holding in Samuels to the current version of the statute

in State v. Montgomery, 2008–Ohio–4753, 970 N.E.2d 999, ¶ 11 (4th Dist.):

        * * * [W]e have previously held that a law-enforcement agency is not a “victim”

        of a crime when it “voluntarily spent its own funds to pursue a drug buy through

        an informant.” State v. Samuels, Washington App. No. 03CA8, 2003-Ohio-6106,

        2003 WL 22704409, at ¶ 5 (construing analogous-predecessor statute). Thus, the

        trial court ordered restitution to a third party, not the victim of the crime, an order

        not permitted by the statute.
Highland App. No. 16CA18                                                                             8


This court held in Montgomery that the trial court committed plain error when it ordered

defendant to pay restitution to the sheriff’s department for funds used by the department to buy

drugs from him. Therefore, this court reversed and vacated the restitution order. Id. at ¶ 12.


       {¶19} This same issue was presented to this court in State v. Frazier, supra.

In Frazier, the State conceded that the trial court committed plain error. We concluded that,

when a restitution amount represents compensation for funds that a law enforcement department

expended to buy drugs from the defendant through an informant, R.C. 2929.18(A)(1) does not

permit a restitution order under such circumstances. Id. at ¶ 19.

       {¶20} The State reminds us that this court’s precedent would allow for restitution to be

made to a law enforcement agency under the following circumstances: an explicit agreement by

the parties concerning the type and amount of restitution would have to be explicitly addressed in

the negotiated plea agreement for us to affirm an order granting restitution to a law enforcement

agency. See Samuels, supra at ¶ 10.

       {¶21} When reviewing the transcript, we find that no explicit agreement was made

between the parties that Coleman would pay restitution to the Highland County Sheriff’s

Department. Furthermore, the document entitled “Plea of Guilty” makes no mention of Coleman

paying restitution to the Highland County Sheriff’s Department. The transcript further reflects

that no mention was made of paying restitution to the Highland County Sheriff’s Department at

the sentencing hearing.

       {¶22} Again, like in Samuels, we reluctantly must find that the negotiated plea

agreement did not adequately or clearly provide for the type of restitution ordered in this case.

We fully understand that Coleman received exactly what she bargained for and even induced the

result here. However, the current statute still does not provide that restitution can be paid to a
Highland App. No. 16CA18                                                                              9


Sheriff’s Department for the money it advances for an undercover drug purchase; and the

negotiated plea agreement, in our view, did not explicitly state that the restitution would be paid

to the Highland County Sheriff’s Department.

       {¶23} Consequently, until the legislature makes a change to the current statute, we must

sustain Coleman’s sole assignment of error.


                                          IV. Conclusion


       {¶24} Having sustained Coleman’s assignment of error, we modify the judgment of the

trial court by vacating the requirement that Coleman pay restitution to the Highland County

Sheriff’s Department through the Victim Restitution Escrow Account of the Highland County

Victim Witness Office. The remainder of the judgment is then affirmed as modified.


                                                       JUDGMENT AFFIRMED AS MODIFIED.
Highland App. No. 16CA18                                                                        10


                                     JUDGMENT ENTRY

        It is ordered that the trial court’s JUDGMENT SHALL BE MODIFIED TO VACATE
the requirement that Appellant pay restitution to the Highland County Sheriff’s Department
through the Victim Restitution Escrow Account of the Highland County Victim Witness Office.

     It is further ordered that the remainder of the JUDGMENT IS AFFIRMED AS
MODIFIED.

       Appellant and Appellee shall equally divide the court costs.

       The Court finds that reasonable grounds existed for this appeal.

       It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the Highland County
Court of Common Pleas to carry this judgment into execution.

       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.

Abele, J. and McFarland, J.: Concur in Judgment and Opinion.


                                             For the Court


                                             By: ____________________________
                                                 Marie Hoover, Presiding Judge




                                   NOTICE TO COUNSEL

       Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final judgment entry and
the time period for further appeal commences from the date of filing with the clerk.
