J-S46031-15

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: J.G., a Minor,          :      IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                            :            PENNSYLVANIA
                                            :
                                            :
                                            :
                                            :
APPEAL OF: M.M., Mother,                    :
                                            :
                    Appellant               :            No. 945 EDA 2015

                Appeal from the Order entered on March 12, 2015
                in the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County,
                     Orphans' Court Division, No. 6 OCA 2015

BEFORE: MUNDY, OLSON and MUSMANNO, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.:                             FILED JULY 29, 2015

        M.M. (“Mother”), the natural mother of J.G.,1 a son born in October

2013, appeals from the Order granting the Petition filed by Monroe County

Children and Youth Services (“CYS”) to involuntarily terminate Mother’s

parental rights pursuant to section 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8), and (b) of the

Adoption Act. See 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8), and (b). We

affirm.

        CYS visited Mother at the hospital on the day J.G. was born based on

an open case regarding Mother’s other child, and Mother’s long history of

cocaine use. Upon their release from the hospital, Mother and J.G. stayed

with Mother’s parents (“Maternal Grandparents”).        CYS frequently visited

Mother and J.G. throughout October 2013, and reported no concerns.          On



1
    We note that the natural father’s identity is unknown.
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November 4, 2013, CYS received a call from J.G.’s maternal grandmother

indicating that Mother had left the home, and that she did not know Mother’s

location. Maternal Grandparents sought CYS’s involvement and, as a result,

CYS filed a Petition for emergency protective custody.    The next day, CYS

was granted emergency protective custody over J.G., and he was placed in a

kinship foster home with Maternal Grandparents.      On November 8, 2013,

Mother appeared for a shelter care hearing.       After this hearing, Mother

tested positive for cocaine, and protective custody of J.G. was sustained.

      J.G. was declared dependent at a hearing held on November 15, 2013,

which Mother did not attend. Mother did not have any contact with CYS until

March 2014.2 At this time, Mother informed CYS that she was in drug

rehabilitation. Mother had her first visit with J.G. in April 2014. However,

Mother tested positive for Benzoylecgonine and cocaine at the visit.

Throughout 2014, Mother continued to test positive for drugs, and was

subsequently discharged from a rehabilitation program due to lack of

compliance. CYS filed a Petition requesting a goal change from reunification

to termination of parental rights in July 2014. On August 26, 2014, the trial

court denied the Petition.

      Mother made several attempts at rehabilitation; however, she failed to

complete or attend follow-up treatment and continued to test positive for

drugs.   Also, Mother continually failed to appear at permanency review

2
 We note that in March 2014, J.G. moved in with his current kinship foster
parents, his maternal cousins.


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hearings and visits with J.G.    Subsequently, CYS filed second Petition to

terminate Mother’s parental rights.     On March 12, 2015, the trial court

terminated Mother’s parental rights with respect to J.G.       Mother filed a

timely Notice of Appeal, and a court-ordered Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate

Procedure 1925(b) Concise Statement. Thereafter, the trial court issued an

Opinion.

      On appeal, Mother raises the following questions for our review:

      I. Did [CYS] fail to present clear and convincing evidence that
      termination of [M]other’s parental rights served the needs and
      interests of J.G.?

      II. Did [the] trial court err in terminating [M]other’s parental
      rights without clear and convincing evidence that termination of
      [M]other’s parental rights served the needs and interests of J.G.?

Mother’s Brief at 6 (numbers added).3

      Our standard of review regarding orders terminating parental rights is

as follows:

            When reviewing an appeal from a decree terminating
      parental rights, we are limited to determining whether the
      decision of the trial court is supported by competent evidence.
      Absent an abuse of discretion, an error of law, or insufficient
      evidentiary support for the trial court’s decision, the decree must
      stand. Where a trial court has granted a petition to involuntarily
      terminate parental rights, this Court must accord the hearing
      judge’s decision the same deference that we would give to a jury
      verdict. We must employ a broad, comprehensive review of the
      record in order to determine whether the trial court’s decision is
      supported by competent evidence.

In re R.N.J., 985 A.2d 273, 276 (Pa. Super. 2009) (citation omitted).

3
  Mother has presented her similar claims as a single argument in her
appellate brief. Thus, we will address her claims together.


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      In termination cases, the burden is upon the petitioner to prove by

clear and convincing evidence that its asserted grounds for seeking the

termination of parental rights are valid.      Id.     “[C]lear and convincing

evidence is defined as testimony that is so clear, direct, weighty and

convincing as to enable the trier of fact to come to a clear conviction,

without hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.”   Id. (citation

and quotation marks omitted). “The trial court is free to believe all, part, or

none of the evidence presented and is likewise free to make all credibility

determinations and resolve conflicts in the evidence.” In re M.G., 855 A.2d

68, 73-74 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citation omitted).         If competent evidence

supports the trial court’s findings, “we will affirm even if the record could

also support the opposite result.” In re Adoption of T.B.B., 835 A.2d 387,

394 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citation omitted).

      Termination of parental rights is controlled by section 2511 of the

Adoption Act. See 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511. “We need only agree with a trial

court’s decision as to any one subsection of 2511(a), along with 2511(b), in

order to affirm the termination of parental rights.”    In re D.A.T., 91 A.3d

197, 204 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citations and brackets omitted). Therefore, we

focus our analysis of the trial court’s decision to terminate Mother’s parental

rights based upon sections 2511(a)(1) and (b), which state the following:




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      § 2511. Grounds for involuntary termination

      (a) General Rule.-- The rights of a parent in regard to a child
      may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following
      grounds:

                                       ***

           (1) The parents have, for a period of more than six (6)
           months prior to the filing of this petition, failed to
           perform their parental duties.

                                       ***

      (b) Other considerations.-- The court in terminating the rights
      of a parent shall give primary consideration to the
      developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of the
      child. The rights of a parent shall not be terminated solely on
      the basis of environmental factors such as inadequate housing,
      furnishings, income, clothing and medical care if found to be
      beyond the control of the parent. With respect to any petition
      filed pursuant to subsection (a)(1), (6), or (8), the court shall
      not consider any efforts by the parents to remedy the conditions
      described therein which are first initiated subsequent to the
      giving of notice of the filing of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1) and (b).

      To satisfy section 2511(a)(1), “the moving party must produce clear

and convincing evidence of conduct, sustained for at least the six months

prior to the filing of the termination petition, which reveals a settled intent to

relinquish parental claim to a child or a refusal or failure to perform parental

duties.” In re Z.S.W., 946 A.2d 726, 730 (Pa. Super. 2008). “[P]arental

duty requires that the parent act affirmatively with good faith interest and

effort, and not yield to every problem, in order to maintain the parent-child

relationship to the best of his ability, even in difficult circumstances.” In re



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Z.P., 994 A.2d 1108, 1119 (Pa. Super. 2010).                “[P]arental rights are not

preserved by waiting for a more suitable or convenient time to perform one’s

parental responsibilities while others provide the child with physical and

emotional needs.” Id.

      With respect to section 2511(b), a court should consider the bond

between mother and child, and whether termination would destroy a

beneficial relationship. Id. at 1121. When conducting a bonding analysis,

courts are not required to use expert testimony and may utilize evaluations

of caseworkers.       Id.    Section 2511(b) requires courts to give primary

consideration to the developmental, physical and emotional needs and

welfare of the child. In re N.M.B., 856 A.2d 847, 855 (Pa. Super. 2004).

Further, courts must consider the strength of the emotional bond between

child and his or her foster family.            See In re I.J., 972 A.2d 5, 13 (Pa.

Super. 2009).

      Mother contends that the trial court erred in terminating her parental

rights, as CYS did not demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that

termination served J.G.’s welfare. Mother’s Brief at 13. Mother alleges that

her   inaction   is   not   sufficient   to    demonstrate    a   settled   purpose   of

relinquishment, and that performance of parental duties requires a mere

willingness to cooperate with CYS.             Id. at 14.    Mother asserts that her

inconsistent visits with J.G. are attributed to her inability to obtain a new

driver’s license, and that she had no form of transportation to attend the



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visits. Id. at 15. Mother claims that CYS did not offer services to help her

visit J.G.   Id.    Mother concedes that she failed multiple drug tests

throughout J.G.’s dependency, but argues that she has made attempts at

rehabilitation. Id. Mother also contends that her parental rights should not

be terminated because CYS failed to prove that she had no bond with J.G.

Id. at 15, 18-19.

      Our review of the record discloses that Mother missed all of the

scheduled permanency hearings, and most of the scheduled visits with J.G.

during the 17 months that he was in CYS’s care. N.T., 3/11/15, at 9, 42-43.

Mother testified that her driver’s license was suspended, and that she did

not have money to take the bus to visits.      Id. at 42-44.   However, J.G.’s

CYS caseworker testified that Mother missed multiple visits in order to travel

to Virginia and New York. Id. at 28-29. J.G.’s caseworker also testified that

CYS was unaware of Mother’s license suspension, and Mother did not request

any assistance. Id. at 39. Moreover, J.G.’s caseworker stated that Mother

failed the majority of drug tests administered by CYS, and failed to attend

J.G.’s doctor appointments.    Id. at 26-27.    J.G.’s caseworker noted that

Mother failed to complete any drug, alcohol, or parenting classes, and failed

to participate in any mental health treatment suggested by CYS. Id. at 33.

J.G.’s caseworker testified that J.G. has developed a meaningful relationship

with his foster family, and that J.G. has shown an emotional attachment

towards his foster family. Id. at 34, 44. Also, J.G.’s foster family tends to



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his medical needs, is compliant with all of CYS’s requests and wishes to

adopt J.G. Id. at 34-35.

      Based on the totality of these circumstances, Mother has failed to

perform her parental duties for at least six months prior to the filing of the

second Petition for termination. See In re of K.Z.S., 946 A.2d 753, 756-57

(Pa. Super. 2008) (holding that termination under section 2511(a) was

proper where mother consistently missed visits due to lack of transportation,

and where mother was addicted to cocaine); see also In the Interest of

Lilley, 719 A.2d 327, 328 (Pa. Super. 1998) (holding that termination under

section 2511(a)(1) was proper where mother failed to comply with the goals

set by CYS and other support agencies).

      Further, there is no evidence of a bond between Mother and J.G.    See

K.Z.S., 946 A.2d 762-63 (stating that “where there is no evidence of any

bond between parent and child, it is reasonable to infer no bond exists”).

Indeed, CYS presented evidence that J.G. has bonded with his foster parents

and that they best serve his welfare interests.   See In re P.Z., 113 A.3d

840, 852 (Pa. Super. 2015) (stating that termination of parental rights best

served the child’s needs and welfare where a supportive and secure

environment existed with a new family); see also In re J.L.C., 837 A.2d

1247, 1250 (Pa. Super. 2003) (stating that termination of parental rights is

proper where the child has formed a bond with the foster parents, and

where the child has lived with the foster parents for more than half of his



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life).    Thus, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in terminating

Mother’s parental rights.

         Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 7/29/2015




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