                             STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

                          SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                    FILED
CAMERON NRC, LLC,                                                                 August 26, 2016
                                                                              RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
Employer Below, Petitioner                                                  SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                OF WEST VIRGINIA

vs.)   No. 14-0700 (BOR Appeal No. 2049212)
                   (Claim No. 2013005624)

LINDA ASHBY,

Claimant Below, Respondent



                             MEMORANDUM DECISION
      Petitioner Cameron NRC, LLC, by Jillian L. Moore, its attorney, appeals the decision of
the West Virginia Workers’ Compensation Board of Review. Linda Ashby, by Jonathan C.
Bowman, her attorney, filed a timely response.

        This appeal arises from the Board of Review’s Final Order dated June 24, 2014, in which
the Board affirmed a February 12, 2014, Order of the Workers’ Compensation Office of Judges.
In its Order, the Office of Judges reversed the claims administrator’s January 30, 2013, decision
granting a 0% permanent partial disability and instead granted an 8% permanent partial disability
award. The Court has carefully reviewed the records, written arguments, and appendices
contained in the briefs, and the case is mature for consideration.

       This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds that the Board of Review’s decision is based upon an erroneous
conclusion of law and, therefore, we reverse and remand the case for further proceedings
consistent with this decision. This case satisfies the limited circumstances requirement of Rule
21 (d) of the Rules of Appellate Procedure and is appropriate for memorandum decision rather
than an opinion.

       Ms. Ashby, a nurse for Cameron NRC, LLC, was attempting to hoist an elderly patient
out of bed on August 18, 2012, when she injured her back. On October 24, 2012, the claims
administrator held the claim compensable for a lumbar sprain. On January 10, 2013, Ms. Ashby
reported to Bill Hennessey, M.D., for an independent medical evaluation. He noted that her
range of motion measurements were invalid due to inconsistent measurements, exaggerated pain
behavior, and symptom magnification. Dr. Hennessey concluded that Ms. Ashby had reached her
maximum degree of medical improvement and had no ratable impairment. Dr. Hennessey noted
that Ms. Ashby had previously undergone surgery at the left L5-S1 level in 2004. In that regard,
Dr. Hennessey concluded that the recent MRI findings of an abnormal disc at the L5-S1 level
were actually postoperative findings related to the prior 2004 surgery. Dr. Hennessey noted that
this would explain why Vincent Miele, M.D., did not want to perform surgery on the L5-S1 disc.
Additionally, Dr. Hennessey stated that the left-sided findings on the MRI study would not
explain Ms. Ashby’s right-sided low back pain. Based upon the report of Dr. Hennessey, the
claims administrator granted a 0% permanent partial disability. Ms. Ashby protested.

       A report dated March 28, 2013, revealed that Bruce Guberman, M.D., conducted an
independent medical evaluation of Ms. Ashby. Dr. Guberman placed Ms. Ashby in Lumbar
Category II-B of Table 75 of the American Medical Association’s Guides to the Evaluation of
Permanent Impairment (4th ed. 1993), which equated to 5% whole person impairment. Dr.
Guberman also found 6% whole person impairment for range of motion abnormalities. Dr.
Guberman noted valid measurements. Combining Ms. Ashby’s impairments, Dr. Guberman
found her to have a total of 8% whole person impairment related to the lumbar spine. However,
because of Ms. Ashby’s history of pre-existing back surgery and degenerative changes, Dr.
Guberman apportioned 4% of her range of motion impairment to pre-existing non-compensable
conditions, and 4% to the compensable injury. Using the American Medical Association’s
Guides Combined Values Chart, Dr. Guberman combined the 4% impairment for range of
motion abnormalities and the 5% impairment from Table 75 for a combined total of 9% whole
person impairment. Dr. Guberman placed Ms. Ashby in Lumbar Category II of West Virginia
Code of State Rules § 85-20-C (2006), which allows for an impairment rating between 5% and
8%. Because the 9% impairment exceeded the allowable range of impairment, Dr. Guberman
adjusted the rating to 8% whole person impairment for the lumbar spine.

        In a July 15, 2013, report Christopher Martin, M.D., also performed an independent
medical evaluation of Ms. Ashby. Dr. Martin concluded that Ms. Ashby was at her maximum
degree of medical improvement. Dr. Martin found Ms. Ashby to have a total of 11% whole
person impairment under Category II-E and II-F of Table 75 of the American Medical
Association’s Guides, for a two level discectomy with residual symptoms. However, Dr. Martin
apportioned 9% of the impairment to pre-existing conditions. Dr. Martin found no impairment
for abnormal motion of the lumbar spine as Ms. Ashby’s lumbar flexion and extension
measurements failed to meet the straight-leg raise validity criteria of the American Medical
Association’s Guides. Dr. Martin placed Ms. Ashby in Lumbar Category III of West Virginia
Code of State Rules § 85-20-C, which allows for an impairment range between 10 and 13%.
Because the 11% impairment calculated under the range of motion model fell within the
allowable impairment range of Lumbar Category III, Dr. Martin concluded that no further
adjustment was required. However, Dr. Martin apportioned all of Ms. Ashby’s 11% impairment
to pre-existing conditions. Specifically, Dr. Martin noted that he found no evidence of significant
muscle guarding, spasm, or asymmetric loss of lumbar range of motion during his examination
of Ms. Ashby so as to qualify Ms. Ashby for impairment under Lumbar Category II of West
Virginia Code of State Rules § 85-20-C (also known as “Rule 20”). Dr. Martin also reviewed and
remarked upon the independent medical evaluation findings of Dr. Guberman. First, Dr. Martin
questioned the validity of Dr. Guberman’s range of motion findings. Specifically, Dr. Martin
opined that the straight-leg raise validity criteria used by Dr. Guberman should not have been
used as the total sacral motion exceeded fifty-five degrees. Furthermore, Dr. Martin found Dr.
Guberman’s supranormal sacral measurements to be odd in light of his low lumbar flexion and
extension measurements. Additionally, Dr. Martin opined that Dr. Guberman erred in
apportioning Ms. Ashby’s impairment. Specifically, Dr. Martin opined that Dr. Guberman erred
by deducting pre-existing impairment from the range of motion model rating rather than from the
final impairment rating under West Virginia Code of State Rules § 85-20-C.

        The Office of Judges determined that Ms. Ashby was entitled to an 8% permanent partial
disability award on February 12, 2014. The Office of Judges noted that Dr. Guberman found 8%
whole person impairment, while Dr. Hennessey and Dr. Martin found 0% whole person
impairment. The Office of Judges determined that the proper way to apportion for pre-existing
impairment is to apportion under the range of motion model and prior to the application of West
Virginia Code of State Rules § 85-20-C. The Office of Judges found that Dr. Guberman
apportioned Ms. Ashby’s impairment in this fashion, which was the most reliable way to
apportion. The Board of Review adopted the findings of the Office of Judges and affirmed its
Order on June 24, 2014.

        This Court recently held in Syllabus point three of SWVA, Inc., v. Edward D. Birch, ___
W. Va. ___, 787 S.E.2d 664 (2016), the correct methodology to use in fixing the amount of a
permanent partial disability award a compensable injury suffered by a claimant who has a
noncompensable pre-existing definitely discernable impairment is to deduct the impairment
attributed to the pre-existing injury from the final whole person impairment rating as determined
by West Virginia Code of State Rules § 85-20-C. The Office of Judges and Board of Review
adopted Dr. Guberman’s report, which apportioned for pre-existing impairment after the range of
motion findings but before the application of West Virginia Code of State Rules § 85-20. Dr.
Guberman’s report cannot be relied upon because his apportionment method is inconsistent with
this Court’s holding in SWVA, Inc. Both Dr. Hennessey and Dr. Martin found 0% whole person
impairment; however, neither physician was aware that a subsequent decision by this Court in
Cameron NRC, LLC v. Linda Ashby, No. 14-0699 (Dec. 30, 2015) (memorandum decision)
found that Ms. Ashby’s claim included lumbar disc displacement. Because Dr. Guberman
apportioned incorrectly and no physician of record considered the lumbar disc displacement as a
compensable injury, it is appropriate to remand this case for a new independent medical
evaluation.

       For the foregoing reasons, we find that the decision of the Board of Review was based
upon an erroneous conclusion of law. Therefore, the decision of the Board of Review is reversed
and remanded with instructions for a new independent medical evaluation to be performed.


                                                                       Reversed and Remanded.
ISSUED: August 26, 2016


CONCURRED IN BY:
Chief Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Robin J. Davis
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Allen H. Loughry II

Justice Brent D. Benjamin, Not Participating
