                                   Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 206

                ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                      DIVISION I
                                     No. CV-14-955



                                                   Opinion Delivered   April 1, 2015

 PULASKI COUNTY SPECIAL                            APPEAL FROM THE ARKANSAS
 SCHOOL DISTRICT AND                               WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
 ARKANSAS SCHOOL BOARDS                            COMMISSION
 ASSOCIATION                                       [NO. G305434]
                   APPELLANTS

 V.

 JEREMY LASTER                                     AFFIRMED
                                APPELLEE

                          BRANDON J. HARRISON, Judge

       The Pulaski County Special School District and Arkansas School Boards

Association (collectively called the “school district”) appeal the Arkansas Workers’

Compensation Commission’s decision to award Jeremy Laster temporary total-disability

benefits. We affirm.

                                       I. Background

       For the past five to six years, Jeremy Laster has worked for the Pulaski County

Special School District as a lighting specialist in the maintenance department. He typically

performs manual labor from 6:30 a.m. until 5:00 p.m. On the Wednesday, Thursday, and

Friday before Memorial Day weekend in May 2013, Laster worked at Sylvan Hills Middle

and High School digging ditches and putting pipe in the ground. He claimed to have

injured himself while on the job and pursued a compensation claim.

                                               1
                                  Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 206


      Laster testified at the administrative hearing that he experienced “serious” back pain

beginning late Friday night or early Saturday morning, that it worsened over the weekend

despite treating it with over-the-counter pain medicine, and that he went to St. Vincent’s

emergency room around 10:00 p.m. on Sunday night because he just “could not stand it.”

Laster’s mother testified that she met Laster at the emergency room and he was “just about

in tears” and “could not walk.”

      Laster was not scheduled to work on Memorial Day or the next day, which was

Tuesday (May 28). On Tuesday, Laster saw his regular family physician, Dr. Roberts, to

evaluate his ongoing back pain.       On Wednesday morning (May 29), a day he was

scheduled to work, Laster text messaged his immediate supervisor and told him that he

could not work that day. The record contains a Form AR-N “Employee’s Notice of

Injury” from Laster, dated Wednesday 29 May 2013. Laster described his injury on the

AR-N form as “riding ditch-witch bouncing around & pulling PVC pipe in ditch. Back

& leg pain started in . . . 5-24-13. Ended up in ER on 5-26-13.” The form has a

“received” stamp dated 4 June 2013.

      Laster’s immediate supervisor, Franklin Thomas, testified before the ALJ that he

“had no idea” that Laster was “claiming a back injury or anything at work” when Laster

missed work through Friday May 31. Thomas reportedly told Laster that he needed a

doctor’s excuse before he returned to work, which was on June 7 or 8.

      Laster received medical treatment for his back at Concentra on 5 June 2013. The

records from the Concentra visit state, “Patient is a 32 year old male employee of Pulaski

County Special School Dist[rict] who complains about his Back which was injured on

                                              2
                                      Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 206


5.24.2013. . . . Patient states: ‘was digging a ditch and pulling pipe thru the ditch.’”

Laster was diagnosed with “lumbar radiculopathy” and “disc protrusion with nerve root

compression L3/L4.” An MRI showed a herniated disk on Laster’s left side at L3-4.

Laster continued to work for the school district until having surgery in August 2013 to

correct the herniated disc.

       Laster testified at the administrative hearing that he had no previous back or spinal

problems and that he had not been to a doctor for any back problems before May 2013.

One of Laster’s medical records reported that he had some right-side low back pain in the

past. But Laster denied that statement when questioned about it at the administrative

hearing; he said that the medical record’s account was either a mistake or a

miscommunication.      On cross-examination, the school district’s counsel elicited the

following testimony from Laster:

       COUNSEL:      Now, when I asked you in your deposition at what point and
                     time and what day you were injured, you described it as
                     Friday; is that right?

       LASTER:       Yes, sir.

       COUNSEL:      Ok. Is that the day you claim you were hurt?

       LASTER:       Yes, sir, that’s the day we were pulling on pipe and really
                     doing a bunch of digging here and there.

       COUNSEL:      And that was leading into the holiday weekend, which was
                     Memorial Day and Riverfest and all of that?

       LASTER:        Correct.

       COUNSEL:      Ok. Now, the time of day, I asked you when you thought
                     that was, and you said you thought it was probably between
                     2:00 and 4:00 that afternoon; is that right?

       LASTER:       Yes. Yes, sir.

                                                  3
                                 Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 206


       COUNSEL:     Okay. So it would be Friday, the 24th between 2:00 and 4:00
                    in the afternoon was when you believed you were hurt; is that
                    right?

       LASTER:      Yes, sir.

Later, on recross-examination, defense counsel questioned Laster about a letter from his

attorney:

       COUNSEL:     Now, your attorney also sent a letter to me indicating that you
                    claimed you were injured pulling wire and riding a ditch
                    witch; do you see that?

       LASTER:      Yes.

       COUNSEL:     And he’s got on [there] May 22nd, May 23rd, and May 24th.

       LASTER:      Okay.

       COUNSEL:     All right. But you’re telling us here today, it was May 24th,
                    that Friday.

       LASTER:      I would just assume. I would assume it was either riding the
                    ditch witch or when we pulled on that pipe.

       COUNSEL:     Okay. And that’s a guess?

       LASTER:      You know, a lot goes on in three days when you’re digging a
                    ditch and trying to-

       COUNSEL:     Sure, and I guess that’s part of my point is you’re assuming that’s
                    what injured your back, correct?

       LASTER:      Yes, I mean, yeah. I mean-

       COUNSEL:     Because you really don’t know, do you sir?

       LASTER:      No.

       After considering all the testimony and medical evidence, the ALJ concluded that

“the evidence discloses that [Laster] always attributed his injury to his employment

activities” and that Laster proved “he sustained an injury to his back on May 24, 2013,


                                             4
                                    Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 206


arising out of and in the course of his employment which caused internal harm to his

body, in the form of an HNP at L3-L4 . . . and that the injury was caused by a specific

incident.”   The Commission adopted and affirmed the ALJ’s opinion.              The school

district’s sole point on appeal is that the Commission erred in holding that Laster sustained

a compensable injury arising out of and in the course of his employment.

                                        II. Discussion

       In reviewing decisions from the Workers’ Compensation Commission, we view

the evidence and all reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to the Commission’s

decision and affirm if it is supported by substantial evidence. Smith v. City of Ft. Smith, 84

Ark. App. 430, 143 S.W.3d 593 (2004). Substantial evidence is that which a reasonable

mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion. Id. The issue is not whether this

court might have reached a different result from the Commission. Id. If reasonable minds

could have reached the Commission’s result, then we affirm. Id.

       This case was tried as an accidental injury case, not a gradual-onset one. So Laster

had the burden to prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that he sustained an

“accidental injury . . . arising out of and in the course of employment[.]” Ark. Code Ann.

§ 11-9-102(4)(A)(i) (Repl. 2012). “An injury is ‘accidental’ only if it is caused by a

specific incident and is identifiable by time and place of occurrence[.]” Ark. Code Ann. §

11-9-102(4)(A)(i).   In Edens v. Superior Marble & Glass, our supreme court held that

“identifiable by time and place” meant subject to identification and did not require the

claimant to specify the exact time of the occurrence. 346 Ark. 487, 492, 58 S.W.3d 369,

373 (2001). A claimant’s inability to specify the exact date and the precise time of the

                                                5
                                   Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 206


accidental injury is a credibility issue that the Commission may weigh. Pafford Med. Billing

Servs., Inc. v. Smith, 2011 Ark. App. 180, 381 S.W.3d 921. Still, Laster must show a

causal relationship between his employment and the injury.         Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v.

Westbrook, 77 Ark. App. 167, 72 S.W.3d 889 (2002). Whether the causal connection

exists is a fact question the Commission settles. Jeter v. B.R. McGinty Mech., 62 Ark. App.

53, 59, 968 S.W.2d 645, 650 (1998).

       The school district argues that Laster has failed to identify how he was injured at

work, as shown by his testimony on recross-examination, so substantial evidence cannot

support the Commission’s compensable-injury finding. The school district points out that

Laster did not notice any particular event at work that could have caused his injury (for

example, he never said that he felt his back “pop” or something to that effect); nor did he

display any physical problems at work or report any on-the-job injury until early June. In

the school district’s view, these are reasons to reverse the Commission.

       We disagree. Laster’s testimony was that he told his supervisor, Franklin Thomas,

that he hurt his back riding equipment and pulling pipes. At the administrative hearing,

Thomas confirmed that Laster was involved in putting pipe together and trenching ditches

that week at work and that he knew Laster to be an “honest individual.” Supervisor

Thomas agreed that the equipment Laster was using “jerks you pretty good” and that

sometimes with the pipe “you got to strain a little bit and pull on it.” This corroborates

Laster’s account that he was pulling wires through the pipe on Friday, that the work was

“strenuous,” and that he had to pull “with all [his] might.” The documentary evidence in

the record consistently supports these accounts—or so the Commission could have

                                               6
                                   Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 206


reasonably concluded—because the documents list the cause of Laster’s May 24 back

injury as “being jarred by a piece of equipment;” or “digging and pulling pipe;” or

“digging a ditch and pulling pipe.” There was no evidence of a non-work related injury

or event that contradicts Laster’s claim that he injured himself, at work, while digging

ditches or pulling pipe between 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. on 24 May 2013.

       We hold that substantial evidence supports the Commission’s compensable-injury

finding and the resulting benefit award.       We have previously held that a claimant’s

inability to specify the exact date of an injury is a credibility issue that the Commission

may weigh, and so it follows that Laster’s struggle to pinpoint exactly how he was

injured—whether it was from bouncing around on a “ditch witch,” or “straining on

pulling the pipe,” or a combination of the two—was also a credibility issue the

Commission could weigh and ultimately resolve in Laster’s favor. The Commission’s

conclusion is reasonable; no one else provided a contravening story or account of how

Laster was injured. See Pafford, supra (occurrence and cause of claimant’s injury were

corroborated by the medical evidence); see also Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Westbrook, 77 Ark.

App. 167, 168, 72 S.W.3d 889, 890 (2002) (claimant’s shoulder was sore but he continued

to work and pain increased over several months; injury was work-related and accidental).

Laster’s arguably inconsistent testimony on recross-examination does not necessarily defeat

his case, given Laster’s unrebutted account of events as a whole and the supporting

medical evidence. Reasonable minds could conclude that Laster’s May 24 back injury was

caused by his strenuous activity at work.




                                               7
                                   Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 206


       The school district also argues that the Commission “faile[d] to take into

consideration the notice defense raised by Appellants.” But the school district did not

obtain a ruling on this issue, so it is not preserved for review. Cooper v. Hiland Dairy, 69

Ark. App. 200, 11 S.W.3d 5 (2000).

                                         III. Conclusion

       Substantial evidence supports the Commission’s decision that Laster’s herniated disc

was an accidental injury arising from his employment with the school district.          We

therefore affirm its decision.

       Affirmed.

       VIRDEN and HIXSON, JJ., agree.

       Friday, Eldredge & Clark, LLP, by: Guy Alton Wade and Phillip M. Brick, Jr., for

appellants.

       Philip M. Wilson, for appellee.




                                               8
