                                                               FILED
                                                                FEB 01 2018
 1                         NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                            SUSAN M. SPRAUL, CLERK
                                                              U.S. BKCY. APP. PANEL
 2                                                            OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT

 3                  UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL
                              OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
 4
 5   In re:                        )       BAP No.     CC-17-1082-FLKu
                                   )
 6   JANIE BURNS,                  )       Bk. No.     2:16-bk-19334-SK
                                   )
 7                  Debtor.        )       Adv. Pro. 2:16-ap-01448-SK
     _____________________________ )
 8                                 )
     JANIE BURNS,                  )
 9                                 )
                    Appellant,     )
10                                 )
     v.                            )       MEMORANDUM*
11                                 )
     FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE     )
12   ASSOCIATION,                  )
                                   )
13                  Appellee.      )
     ______________________________)
14
                    Argued and Submitted on January 25, 2018
15                           at Pasadena, California
16                          Filed – February 1, 2018
17            Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court
                  for the Central District of California
18
          Honorable Sandra R. Klein, Bankruptcy Judge, Presiding
19
20   Appearances:     Appellant Janie Burns argued pro se.
21
     Before: FARIS, LAFFERTY, and KURTZ, Bankruptcy Judges.
22
23
24
25
26        *
            This disposition is not appropriate for publication.
27   Although it may be cited for whatever persuasive value it may
     have, see Fed. R. App. P. 32.1, it has no precedential value, see
28   9th Cir. BAP Rule 8024-1.

                                       1
 1                               INTRODUCTION
 2        Chapter 131 debtor Janie Burns appeals from the bankruptcy
 3   court’s order granting creditor Federal National Mortgage
 4   Association’s (“FNMA”) motion to dismiss her adversary proceeding
 5   following the dismissal of her bankruptcy case.   We AFFIRM.
 6        Ms. Burns also challenges the bankruptcy court’s order
 7   denying her motion to vacate the dismissal of her bankruptcy
 8   case.    Because she did not file a proper notice of appeal or give
 9   the chapter 13 trustee notice of the purported appeal from that
10   order, we lack jurisdiction to consider that aspect of her
11   appeal.
12                            FACTUAL BACKGROUND2
13   A.   Prebankruptcy events
14        Ms. Burns defaulted on her mortgage loan payments for real
15   property located in Hawthorne, California (the “Property”).    In
16   April 2014, FNMA foreclosed on the Property, held a foreclosure
17   sale, and recorded a trustee’s deed upon sale.    FNMA instituted
18   an unlawful detainer proceeding against Ms. Burns in state court
19   and obtained a writ of possession.
20
21
22        1
            Unless specified otherwise, all chapter and section
23   references are to the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1532, all
     “Rule” references are to the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy
24   Procedure, and all “Civil Rule” references are to the Federal
     Rules of Civil Procedure.
25
          2
26          Ms. Burns does not provide us with a complete record on
     appeal. We exercise our discretion to review the documents on
27   the bankruptcy court’s electronic docket, as appropriate. See
     Woods & Erickson, LLP v. Leonard (In re AVI, Inc.), 389 B.R. 721,
28   725 n.2 (9th Cir. BAP 2008).

                                       2
 1   B.   The chapter 13 case
 2        Ms. Burns filed the subject chapter 13 petition pro se on
 3   July 14, 2016.    She valued the Property at approximately
 4   $1.25 million and represented that no creditor had either secured
 5   or unsecured claims against her.
 6        In her proposed chapter 13 plan, Ms. Burns identified FNMA
 7   as her only creditor (secured or otherwise), but stated that the
 8   debt was “in dispute.”     To cure the default, she proposed a
 9   monthly payment of “$50.00” for a total payment of “$50.00.”
10        The bankruptcy court scheduled Ms. Burns’ § 341 meeting of
11   creditors for August 19, 2016.     The meeting of creditors was
12   subsequently continued to September 9 and September 30.
13        On August 26, FNMA filed a motion for relief from the
14   automatic stay.    It represented that it had obtained an unlawful
15   detainer judgment in state court and had acquired title to the
16   Property by foreclosure sale prebankruptcy and recorded the deed.
17   Following a hearing, the bankruptcy court granted FNMA relief
18   from stay under § 362(d)(1).
19        On October 3, 2016, the chapter 13 trustee filed a
20   declaration that Ms. Burns failed to appear at the September 30
21   meeting of creditors and had not made any plan payments.     The
22   bankruptcy court dismissed the bankruptcy case for Ms. Burns’
23   failure to appear at the meeting of creditors (“Bankruptcy
24   Dismissal Order”).
25        Shortly thereafter, Ms. Burns filed a motion to set aside
26   the dismissal of her bankruptcy case.     Because she never properly
27   noticed this motion, it was never set for hearing, and the
28   bankruptcy court did not decide it.

                                        3
 1        On January 31, 2017 (almost four months after the bankruptcy
 2   court dismissed her case), Ms. Burns filed a second motion to
 3   vacate the Bankruptcy Dismissal Order (“Motion to Vacate”).       She
 4   argued that FNMA “unlawfully, knowingly and willingly violated
 5   plaintiff[’]s automatic stay in attempt [sic] of self-help
 6   eviction and unjust enrichment.”       She contended that Benedict
 7   Garcia, a realtor hired by FNMA, violated the automatic stay on
 8   July 24 and 25 and August 3, 4, and 10 by entering the Property,
 9   confiscating personal property, and boarding up the windows of
10   the Property.   She argued that she had been required to
11   repeatedly appear at state court hearings to obtain a restraining
12   order against Mr. Garcia, which left her “no time to represent
13   herself efficiently and timely in bankruptcy court.”       She
14   generally stated that harassment by FNMA and Mr. Garcia caused
15   her extreme stress that made her miss the meeting of creditors.
16   C.   The adversary proceeding
17        On October 4, 2016, a day after the trustee filed the
18   declaration that Ms. Burns had failed to appear at the meeting of
19   creditors and two days before the bankruptcy court dismissed her
20   case, Ms. Burns filed an adversary complaint against FNMA.3      She
21   alleged that FNMA did not have any valid lien against the
22   Property because it could not prove a chain of title, engaged in
23   fraud, and is not the holder of the promissory note.
24        FNMA filed a motion to dismiss the adversary complaint
25   (“Motion to Dismiss”).   It argued that the bankruptcy court
26
          3
27          On January 20, 2017, Ms. Burns filed an amended complaint.
     The amended complaint is substantially similar to the original
28   complaint.

                                        4
 1   lacked subject matter jurisdiction to review the state court’s
 2   unlawful detainer judgment and that there was no basis for
 3   “arising under,” “arising in,” or “related to” jurisdiction.
 4   Further, FNMA argued that Ms. Burns failed to state a claim upon
 5   which relief could be granted because all of her allegations were
 6   “vague and ambiguous blanket assertions of wrongdoing.”      It also
 7   argued that there is no legitimate question regarding the
 8   validity of the prepetition foreclosure sale of the Property.
 9   D.   Hearing on the Motion to Vacate and Motion to Dismiss
10        The bankruptcy court held a joint hearing on the Motion to
11   Vacate and the Motion to Dismiss.      Regarding the Motion to
12   Vacate, Ms. Burns argued that FNMA’s violations of the automatic
13   stay and her husband’s health condition caused her to miss the
14   meeting of creditors.
15        The bankruptcy court recited the procedural history of the
16   case and the parties’ respective arguments.      It analyzed the
17   Motion to Vacate under Civil Rule 60 and considered the factors
18   laid out in Pioneer Investment Services Co. v. Brunswick
19   Associates Limited Partnership, 507 U.S. 380 (1993).      The court
20   concluded that it could not find excusable neglect and denied
21   Ms. Burns’ request for sanctions for the alleged stay violations.
22        Regarding the Motion to Dismiss, Ms. Burns argued that the
23   loan was void ab initio because FNMA is not licensed to do
24   business in California; that FNMA committed fraud upon the court;
25   that she had been denied due process; that there is no proof that
26   she owes any money; and that FNMA’s attorneys engaged in
27   egregious or deceptive behavior.
28        The bankruptcy court noted that Ms. Burns had made these

                                        5
 1   arguments previously and stated, “I’ll tell you the same thing
 2   that I told you last time.    Any allegation that there was any
 3   issue with the foreclosure that [sic] needs to be addressed in
 4   state court.”   The court granted the Motion to Dismiss, based on
 5   the factors identified in Carraher v. Morgan Electronics, Inc.
 6   (In re Carraher), 971 F.2d 327 (9th Cir. 1992).
 7        The bankruptcy court entered its order denying the Motion to
 8   Vacate on March 29, 2017 and its order granting the Motion to
 9   Dismiss (“Adversary Dismissal Order”) on April 4, 2017.
10        Ms. Burns filed a notice of appeal in the adversary
11   proceeding.   The BAP clerk’s office issued a notice of deficiency
12   because the order being appealed was not yet entered on the
13   bankruptcy court’s docket; it directed her to request an entry of
14   the order and file with the BAP a copy of the entered order.      In
15   response, Ms. Burns filed a copy of the Adversary Dismissal Order
16   with the BAP.   She did not file a notice of appeal from the order
17   denying the Motion to Vacate in the main bankruptcy case or
18   submit a copy of that order to the BAP.4
19                                JURISDICTION
20        The bankruptcy court had jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
21   §§ 1334 and 157(b)(1).   As we explain below, we have jurisdiction
22   under 28 U.S.C. § 158 to decide Ms. Burns’ appeal from the
23
          4
24          Following oral argument, Ms. Burns filed twelve pages of
     supplemental documents. We did not authorize Ms. Burns to
25   enlarge the record on appeal, and we cannot consider these
26   documents, which were not before the bankruptcy court and
     postdate the appeal. See Padilla v. Smyrnos (In re Padilla),
27   213 B.R. 349, 354 n.3 (9th Cir. BAP 1997) (“An appellate court
     may not consider evidence not presented to the trial court which
28   is thus not part of the record on appeal.”).

                                       6
 1   dismissal of the adversary proceeding, but we lack jurisdiction
 2   to consider the purported appeal from the order denying her
 3   Motion to Vacate.
 4                                   ISSUES
 5        (1) Whether Ms. Burns properly appealed from the order
 6   denying her Motion to Vacate.
 7        (2) Whether the bankruptcy court erred in dismissing
 8   Ms. Burns’ adversary proceeding.
 9                            STANDARD OF REVIEW
10        We review for abuse of discretion the bankruptcy court’s
11   decision to deny the debtor’s motion to set aside a dismissal for
12   excusable neglect.    Pioneer Inv. Servs. Co., 507 U.S. at 398.
13   Similarly, we review for abuse of discretion the bankruptcy
14   court’s decision to decline to retain jurisdiction over an
15   adversary proceeding following dismissal of the underlying
16   bankruptcy case.    In re Carraher, 971 F.2d at 328.
17        To determine whether the bankruptcy court has abused its
18   discretion, we conduct a two-step inquiry: (1) we review de novo
19   whether the bankruptcy court “identified the correct legal rule
20   to apply to the relief requested” and (2) if it did, whether the
21   bankruptcy court’s application of the legal standard was
22   illogical, implausible, or without support in inferences that may
23   be drawn from the facts in the record.    United States v. Hinkson,
24   585 F.3d 1247, 1262–63 & n.21 (9th Cir. 2009) (en banc).
25                                DISCUSSION
26   A.   We lack jurisdiction to consider the purported appeal from
          the denial of the Motion to Vacate.
27
28        Rule 8003(a) provides that a party appealing a bankruptcy

                                        7
 1   court order must file a notice of appeal that conforms
 2   substantially to the appropriate Official Form and includes the
 3   judgment or order being appealed.    In the present case, Ms. Burns
 4   only filed a notice of appeal in the adversary proceeding, not in
 5   the main bankruptcy case.   Her notice of appeal only mentions the
 6   Adversary Dismissal Order and she only submitted a copy of the
 7   Adversary Dismissal Order in response to the BAP clerk’s office
 8   query.   She did not file a notice of appeal in the main case,
 9   mention the order denying the Motion to Vacate in her notice of
10   appeal, or provide the BAP with a copy of that order.
11        However, the Ninth Circuit has stated that:
12             When a party seeks to argue the merits of an order
          that does not appear on the face of the notice of
13        appeal, we consider: (1) whether the intent to appeal a
          specific judgment can be fairly inferred and
14        (2) whether the appellee was prejudiced by the mistake.
          In determining whether intent and prejudice are
15        present, we apply a two-part test: first, whether the
          affected party had notice of the issue on appeal; and,
16        second, whether the affected party had an opportunity
          to fully brief the issue.
17
18   West v. United States, 853 F.3d 520, 523–24 (9th Cir. 2017)
19   (internal citations and quotation marks omitted); see McCarthy v.
20   Mayo, 827 F.2d 1310, 1314 (9th Cir. 1987) (“A mistake in
21   designating the order being appealed is not fatal ‘as long as the
22   intent to appeal a specific judgment can be fairly inferred and
23   the appellee is not prejudiced or misled by the mistake.’”
24   (citation omitted)).
25        We can “fairly infer” Ms. Burns’ intent to appeal the order
26   denying her Motion to Vacate.   See West, 853 F.3d at 524 (“we
27   have considered appeals from orders that weren’t named in the NOA
28   and were discussed only in appellate briefs”); One Indus., LLC v.

                                      8
 1   Jim O’Neal Distrib., Inc., 578 F.3d 1154, 1159 (9th Cir. 2009)
 2   (holding that “the appellee was ‘not prejudiced by the mistake’
 3   and ‘had notice of the issue on appeal’” when the central issue
 4   “was discussed extensively in [appellant’s] opening brief on
 5   appeal”).   Ms. Burns identifies issues on appeal that arise
 6   exclusively from the bankruptcy court’s refusal to set aside the
 7   dismissal of her bankruptcy case.    Similarly, in her opening
 8   brief, Ms. Burns states that she is appealing both the denial of
 9   the Motion to Vacate and the dismissal of the adversary
10   proceeding, and she raises six arguments on appeal that concern
11   the underlying bankruptcy case: (1) FNMA is not a real party in
12   interest and did not have standing to foreclose on the Property;
13   (2) FNMA and its attorneys created and recorded fraudulent
14   conveyance documents concerning the foreclosure sale of the
15   Property; (3) FNMA violated the automatic stay by attempting to
16   evict Ms. Burns and other tenants from the Property; (4) the
17   court abused its discretion by not considering Ms. Burns’
18   excusable neglect for failing to appear at the meeting of
19   creditors; (5) FNMA did not have standing to request that the
20   court lift the automatic stay; and (6) the bankruptcy court
21   should have issued a stay pending appeal.
22        But consideration of these issues would prejudice the
23   chapter 13 trustee, who would be the appellee in an appeal from
24   the denial of the Motion to Vacate.    See West, 853 F.3d at
25   523–24.   Based on the notice of appeal,5 the trustee would have
26
          5
27          The notice of electronic filing attached to the notice of
     appeal indicates that the trustee received a copy of the notice
28                                                      (continued...)

                                      9
 1   reasonably assumed that Ms. Burns was appealing only the
 2   dismissal of the adversary proceeding; therefore, the trustee had
 3   no reason to pay attention to the appeal.    Ms. Burns did not make
 4   clear the scope of this appeal until she filed her opening brief
 5   before the BAP, and, as far as we can tell, Ms. Burns did not
 6   serve her brief on the trustee.    Thus, we cannot say that the
 7   trustee had either notice of an appeal from the order denying the
 8   Motion to Vacate or that she had an opportunity to brief the
 9   issues.
10        Accordingly, because the chapter 13 trustee did not receive
11   notice of the intended appeal in the bankruptcy case, we lack
12   jurisdiction to consider Ms. Burns’ appeal of the order denying
13   the Motion to Vacate.6
14
          5
15         (...continued)
     of appeal.
16
          6
            Even if we considered the merits of Ms. Burns’ appeal from
17   the denial of the Motion to Vacate, we would find no error. The
     court identified the correct legal standard, the Pioneer test for
18   excusable neglect, and concluded that, even if the court vacated
19   the dismissal, Ms. Burns would have no recourse: reinstatement of
     the case would not revive the automatic stay (which had been
20   lifted and that decision was not appealed); Ms. Burns had no
     legal or equitable interest in the Property because FNMA obtained
21   a prepetition unlawful detainer judgment and writ of possession;
     and she had no debt to reorganize in a chapter 13 case. The
22
     court also found unpersuasive her argument that her failure to
23   attend the meeting of creditors was the product of excusable
     neglect. Ms. Burns failed to offer any specific facts explaining
24   how FNMA’s allegedly wrongful acts, her husband’s health issues,
     or the state court litigation caused her to miss the meeting of
25   creditors. She was able to litigate during that time period: ten
26   days prior to the meeting of creditors, Ms. Burns filed documents
     in her bankruptcy case opposing FNMA’s motion for relief from
27   stay, and four days after the meeting of creditors, Ms. Burns
     initiated two adversary proceedings against FNMA. Additionally,
28                                                      (continued...)

                                       10
 1   B.   The bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion in
          dismissing Ms. Burns’ adversary complaint.
 2
 3        The bankruptcy court cited the correct legal standard for
 4   dismissal of the adversary proceeding, and our independent review
 5   concludes that it did not misapply the law.   Accordingly, it did
 6   not abuse its discretion.
 7        The Ninth Circuit has held that “courts are not
 8   automatically divested of jurisdiction over related cases when
 9   the underlying bankruptcy case is dismissed.”   In re Carraher,
10   971 F.2d at 328.   In Carraher, the Ninth Circuit laid out a
11   four-part test to determine whether a court should retain
12   jurisdiction over an adversary proceeding after the underlying
13   bankruptcy case has been dismissed: “the court must consider
14   economy, convenience, fairness and comity in deciding whether to
15   retain jurisdiction over pendent state claims.”   Id.; see also
16   Zegzula v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (In re Zegzula), BAP No.
17   WW–14–1119–JuKiF, 2015 WL 5786572 (9th Cir. BAP Oct. 2, 2015)
18   (holding that the bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion
19   in declining to retain jurisdiction over the adversary proceeding
20   when it had previously dismissed the underlying bankruptcy case
21   and found that considerations of judicial economy and fairness
22   did not support the court’s retention of jurisdiction over the
23   adversary proceeding); Linkway Inv. Co., Inc. v. Olsen
24   (In re Casamont Inv’rs, Ltd.), 196 B.R. 517, 523 (9th Cir. BAP
25
          6
26         (...continued)
     as the court told Ms. Burns multiple times, her contention that
27   FNMA lacked standing or otherwise improperly foreclosed on the
     Property was not relevant to her bankruptcy case and needed to be
28   addressed in state court.

                                     11
 1   1996) (“retention of jurisdiction was found to have been improper
 2   when the initiation of the dispute was recent, no action had been
 3   taken prior to the dismissal and the dispute concerned issues of
 4   probate law, in which the state courts had more expertise”).
 5        We discern no abuse of discretion with the bankruptcy
 6   court’s decision to dismiss Ms. Burns’ adversary proceeding.
 7   Nowhere does she address in her opening brief how the bankruptcy
 8   court erred by dismissing the adversary proceeding under the
 9   Carraher factors.   Accordingly, these arguments are waived on
10   appeal.   See Acosta–Huerta v. Estelle, 7 F.3d 139, 144 (9th Cir.
11   1993) (issues not supported by argument in pro se appellant’s
12   opening brief are waived); Wilcox v. Comm’r, 848 F.2d 1007, 1008
13   n.2 (9th Cir. 1988) (arguments not raised on appeal by a pro se
14   litigant are deemed abandoned).
15        Even if Ms. Burns had properly presented the issue, we would
16   conclude that the court did not err.
17        First, judicial economy did not favor retention of the
18   adversary proceeding.   The adversary proceeding had not
19   progressed beyond the complaint, and the issues raised by the
20   adversary complaint are matters of state law that can be resolved
21   expeditiously in state court.    See In re Casamont Inv’rs, Ltd.,
22   196 B.R. at 524.
23        Second, we have no indication that the dismissal of the
24   adversary complaint would inconvenience either party.
25        Third, it was not unfair to require Ms. Burns to litigate
26   her claims in the state court.    The California superior court had
27   already decided the unlawful detainer action and could have
28   considered Ms. Burns’ claims.    See id.   The bankruptcy court did

                                       12
 1   not credit Ms. Burns’ argument that FNMA or its agents had
 2   violated the automatic stay, and the remaining claims were state
 3   court claims.
 4        Finally, comity favors refusing jurisdiction over the
 5   adversary complaint.   Ms. Burns’ claims are straightforward
 6   issues of California state law that are best decided by the
 7   California state courts.   See id.    Moreover, the California
 8   superior court had already ruled in FNMA’s favor on the unlawful
 9   detainer action.
10        Therefore, retention of jurisdiction over the adversary
11   proceeding following the dismissal of the underlying bankruptcy
12   case would have been an abuse of discretion.     The bankruptcy
13   court was correct to dismiss the adversary complaint.
14                                CONCLUSION
15        For the aforementioned reasons, we AFFIRM the Adversary
16   Dismissal Order.    We lack jurisdiction to consider an appeal from
17   the denial of the Motion to Vacate; even if we did, we would
18   conclude that the bankruptcy court did not err in denying the
19   Motion to Vacate.
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

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