        IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                         AT NASHVILLE
                                 July 16, 2013 Session

                 STATE OF TENNESSEE v. JOSHUA D. JONES

                  Appeal from the Circuit Court for Dickson County
                 No. 22CC2012CR125,350      George C. Sexton, Judge


              No. M2012-02731-CCA-R3-CD - Filed September 24, 2013


The Defendant-Appellant, Joshua D. Jones, appeals from the Dickson County Circuit Court’s
order revoking his probation. The Appellant previously entered a guilty plea to initiation of
a process intended to result in the manufacture of methamphetamine in violation of
Tennessee Code Annotated section 39-17-435 and was sentenced to six years in the
Department of Correction. The sentence was suspended, and the Appellant was placed on
Community Corrections and then transferred to the drug court program. The Appellant was
terminated from the drug court program, and the trial court subsequently revoked the
Appellant’s probation and ordered that he serve his original six-year sentence. Upon review,
we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

 Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court is Affirmed

C AMILLE R. M CM ULLEN, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which D. K ELLY T HOMAS,
J R. and R OGER A. P AGE, JJ., joined.

Leonard G. Belmares, II, for the Defendant-Appellant,

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Brent C. Cherry, Senior Counsel; Dan
M. Alsobrooks, District Attorney General; and Carey J. Thompson, Assistant District
Attorney General, for the Appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                        OPINION

       On August 22, 2012, the Appellant entered a guilty plea to initiation of a process
intended to result in the manufacture of methamphetamine in violation of Tennessee Code
Annotated section 39-17-435, for which the Appellant received a sentence of six years in the
Department of Correction. The Appellant’s sentence was suspended, and he was placed on
Community Corrections, with an option to transfer into the 23rd Judicial District Drug Court
program if accepted. On August 31, 2012, the Appellant entered a plea of nolo contendre
to vandalism and was sentenced to 11 months and 29 days in the drug court program. On
September 20, 2012, the Appellant was transferred to the drug court program for his
methamphetamine sentence.

       On October 16, 2012, the Honorable Robert Burch entered an order terminating the
Appellant from the drug court program for “threatening the House Manager of the Drug
Court Sober Living Residence.” On October 19, 2012, a probation violation report issued,
alleging that the Appellant violated the terms of his probation by being terminated from the
drug court program.

       On November 28, 2012, a probation revocation hearing was held. Mr. Glen Parker,
the Appellant’s probation officer, testified that the Appellant was terminated from the drug
court program due to an altercation at the drug court residence. He stated that he was
informed of the altercation by Doug Beechum, a drug court coordinator.

        Mr. Doug Beechum, the coordinator of the 23rd Judicial District Drug Court Program,
testified that the Appellant was terminated from the drug court program because “[the
Appellant] and our house manager Timothy Bramlett was [sic] in an altercation about what
– some rules in the house and [the Appellant] threatened [Mr. Bramlett].” At this point,
defense counsel objected to the testimony of Mr. Beechum as hearsay. The court overruled
the objection, reasoning, “It’s reliable hearsay of a co-worker.” Defense counsel persisted
in his objection, stating “It may be reliable, Judge, but there’s no reason – there’s no good
reason . . . the DA could call the witness who does have personal knowledge and was present
at the alleged altercation.” The court noted the objection and overruled it.

        Mr. Beechum also testified that although he did not personally witness the altercation,
he viewed the altercation on a video recording system. He stated that the video had no
sound, but that he was able to observe the “body actions of what was going on.” He testified
that “[he] could see body language . . . and there [were] some physical threats offered during
that – the house manager called me immediately afterwards and told me that he was – he was
threatened by [the Appellant].” He explained that the program is “100 percent nonviolent”
and that the program has “zero tolerance to violence.” He further stated that all program
participants are informed of the nonviolence policy and that it is included in the program
handbook and house rules.

        On cross-examination, Mr. Beechum stated that the Appellant threatened Mr. Bramlett
by telling him “that [the Appellant] was going to kick [Mr. Bramlett’s] ass for . . . telling on
him for something he did in the house . . . he said that was snitching.” Mr. Beechum
conceded that he did not know the exact rule violation underlying the altercation. He also

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stated that he could not read the lips of the Appellant or Mr. Bramlett on the video and did
not hear any of the alleged threats that were made.

        The Appellant testified in his defense. He stated that an altercation arose after one of
the residents informed Mr. Bramlett that some change had gone missing. The Appellant
stated that Mr. Bramlett told him that the house would have to have a meeting to determine
what happened. He described the rest of the altercation as follows:

       I said no, dog, we ain’t going to do that today – you know what I’m saying,
       just playing around . . . [Mr. Bramlett] said, well, you ain’t going to tell me
       what to do, you know what I’m saying. I said, well, look here, I was just f’g
       joking around, don’t get f’g smart with me, you know what I’m saying . . . we
       had words back and forth, you know what I’m saying, but it was no threats .
       . . I can’t remember exactly what was said ‘cause I was mad or whatever, but
       I never told him that I would whoop him.

The Appellant was asked whether he made any threats, to which the Appellant replied, “No,
this – [Mr. Bramlett] might’ve took [sic] this as a threat ‘cause I told him, I said, look, if you
call Doug and Chad and tell them what’s going on, I said make sure you tell both sides of the
story.” He reiterated that he was “just joking around” and never made any threats towards
anyone in the drug court residence.

       On cross-examination, the Appellant conceded that he understood the rules of the drug
court program going in, and was aware of the policy regarding nonviolence.

       Following the hearing, the trial court found that the Appellant violated the terms of
his probation. The court specifically found “by a preponderance of the evidence, even based
upon the [Appellant]’s own testimony, that there was a violation of the rules, [and] he was
terminated from drug court.” Based on these findings, the court entered an order revoking
the Appellant’s probation and ordering the Appellant to serve the balance of his sentence.

       On December 13, 2012, the Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal.

                                          ANALYSIS

       On appeal, the Appellant argues that the trial court abused its discretion by revoking
his probation and ordering him to serve the remainder of his original six-year sentence in
confinement. Specifically, the Appellant asserts that the trial court improperly admitted the
hearsay testimony of Mr. Doug Beechum and violated his constitutional right to
confrontation. The Appellant maintains that without the hearsay testimony of Mr. Beechum,

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there was insufficient evidence to determine that the Appellant violated the terms of his
probation. In response, the State agrees that the hearsay testimony of Mr. Beechum was
improperly admitted by the trial court. The State asserts, however, that the other evidence
presented at the hearing was sufficient to justify the trial court’s revocation. Following our
review, we agree with the State.

        After determining that a defendant “has violated the conditions of probation and
suspension by a preponderance of the evidence, the trial judge shall have the right . . . to
revoke the probation and suspension of sentence and cause the defendant to commence the
execution of the judgment as originally entered, or otherwise in accordance with § 40-35-
310.” T.C.A. § 40-35-311(e) (2012). Probation revocation rests within the sound discretion
of the trial court, and this Court will not disturb the trial court’s ruling absent an abuse of that
discretion. State v. Shaffer, 45 S.W.3d 553, 554 (Tenn. 2001) (citing State v. Harkins, 811
S.W.2d 79, 82 (Tenn. 1991)). To establish an abuse of discretion, the defendant must show
“that the record contains no substantial evidence to support the conclusion of the trial judge
that a violation of the conditions of probation has occurred.” Harkins, 811 S.W.2d at 82
(citing State v. Grear, 568 S.W.2d 285, 286 (Tenn. 1978); State v. Delp, 614 S.W.2d 395,
398 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1980)). Once the trial court decides to revoke a defendant’s
probation, it may (1) order confinement; (2) order the sentence into execution as initially
entered, or, in other words, begin the probationary sentence anew; (3) return the defendant
to probation on modified conditions as necessary; or (4) extend the probationary period by
up to two years. See State v. Hunter, 1 S.W.3d 643, 647 (Tenn. 1999) (citations omitted);
State v. Larry Lee Robertson, No. M2012-02128-CCA-R3CD, 2013 WL 1136588, at *2
(Tenn. Crim. App. Mar, 19, 2013); State v. Christopher Burress, No. E2012-00861-CCA-R3-
CD, 2013 WL 1097809, at *6 (Tenn. Crim. App. Mar. 18, 2013); T.C.A. §§ 40-35-308, -310,
-311 (2012).

        In Gagnon v. Scarpelli, the United States Supreme Court set out the “minimum
requirements of due process” that must be afforded to appellants in a probation revocation
hearing, which includes the “right to confront and cross-examine adverse witnesses (unless
the hearing officer specifically finds good cause for not allowing confrontation).” 411 U.S.
778,786 (1973) (quoting Morrisey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471, 489 (1972) (emphasis added)).
Thus, as noted by the Tennessee Supreme Court, this confrontation right “is not absolute and
may be relaxed” in a probation revocation hearing upon a showing of good cause. State v.
Wade, 863 S.W.2d 406, 407 (Tenn. 1993). However, even where good cause exists to deny
the appellant his confrontation rights, “due process requires proof that the [evidence] is
reliable.” Wade, 864 S.W.2d at 408. This Court explained that:

       [H]earsay evidence is admissible at a probation revocation hearing, thus
       depriving the probationer of the right to cross-examination, when minimum

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       confrontation requirements of Gagnon are met . . . . Those include (1) a
       specific finding by the trial court of “good cause” that would justify the denial
       of the defendant’s right to confront and cross-examine an adverse witness; and
       (2) a showing that the information contained in the [hearsay testimony] is
       reliable.

State v. Joyce Newman, No. M1999-00161-CCA-R3-CD, 2000 WL 994358, at *4 (Tenn.
Crim. App. July 12, 2000) (citing Wade, 863 S.W.2d at 409) (internal citations omitted)).

       Here, the Appellant and the State are in agreement that the trial court improperly
admitted hearsay evidence at the probation revocation hearing. Specifically, the Defendant
complains, and the State concedes, that the trial court made an erroneous determination that
the hearsay testimony of Mr. Beechum was reliable and failed to make any finding of good
cause to justify the denial of the Appellant’s confrontation rights. Our review of the record
leads us to the same conclusion. In overruling defense counsel’s objection, the trial court
simply reasoned that the testimony was “reliable hearsay of a co-worker.” The court did not
make any specific finding of good cause to justify the denial of the defendant’s right to
confront and cross-examine the adverse hearsay declarant, Mr. Bramlett, see Wade, 863
S.W.2d at 409, and the State offered no explanation as to why Mr. Bramlett, the victim of the
alleged threats, was not presented as a witness. Moreover, the State did not present any proof
indicating the reliability of the testimony, and we can find nothing in the record to support
the court’s conclusion that the testimony was reliable. As such, we conclude that the trial
court erred in admitting the testimony at the hearing over the objections of the Appellant.


        Notwithstanding our conclusion that the admission of the hearsay testimony of Mr.
Beechum was error, we conclude that the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. See
Tenn. R. Crim. P. 36(b) (“A final judgment from which relief is available and otherwise
appropriate shall not be set aside unless, considering the whole record, error involving a
substantial right more probably than not affected the judgment or would result in prejudice
to the judicial process.”). “It is well-established that a conviction need not be reversed due
to an error of constitutional dimensions as long as the State demonstrates ‘beyond a
reasonable doubt that the error complained of did not contribute to the verdict obtained.’”
State v. Samuel A. Gribbins, No. M2005-01992-CCA-R3-CD, 2006 WL 1916811, at *6
(Tenn. Crim. App. June 14, 2006) (citing and quoting Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18,
34 (1967); State v. Vaughan, 144 S.W.3d 391, 409 (Tenn. Crim. App. 2003)).

      In this case, the evidence offered at the probation revocation hearing, absent the
hearsay testimony of Mr. Beechum, is sufficient to establish by a preponderance of the
evidence that the Appellant violated the terms of his probation. As the trial court noted, the

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Appellant’s own testimony establishes that he violated the rules of the drug court program
and was terminated. The drug court program has a “zero tolerance” policy for violence,
which is included in the program handbook and house rules. The Appellant stated that he
and Mr. Bramlett had “words back and forth.” He explained that he could not remember
exactly what was said because he was angry, but he denied making any threats. He conceded
that Mr. Bramlett “might’ve took [sic] this as a threat” but insisted he was joking around.
In addition, Mr. Beechum testified that he observed the altercation between the Appellant
and Mr. Bramlett over the video recording system. Although he did not hear the words
exchanged, he witnessed the body language and stated that the Appellant made “physical
threats” towards Mr. Bramlett. Based on this testimony, we conclude that the outcome would
not have been different had the hearsay evidence been excluded. See Gribbins, 2006 WL
1916811, at *6; State v. Stephen E. Cline, No. M2000-01674-CCA-R3-CD, 2001 WL
1379877, at *4 (Tenn. Crim. App. Oct. 30, 2001) (both concluding that the trial courts’ error
in denying the defendants’ confrontation rights was harmless in light of other evidence
presented at the revocation hearing that supported revocation). There was sufficient
evidence, aside from the hearsay testimony, that the Appellant violated the terms of his
probation by violating the rules of the drug court program. Consequently, we conclude that
the trial court did not abuse its discretion in revoking the Appellant’s probation and ordering
him to serve the balance of his sentence in the Department of Correction.

                                      CONCLUSION

       Based on our review, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.


                                                    ___________________________________
                                                    CAMILLE R. McMULLEN, JUDGE




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