Filed 4/4/14
                           CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION


               IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                            SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                   DIVISION EIGHT



1300 N. CURSON INVESTORS, LLC,                     B250618

        Plaintiff and Appellant,                   (Los Angeles County
                                                   Super. Ct. No. BC485465)
        v.

CECILIA DRUMEA et al.,

        Defendants and Respondents.



        APPEAL from a judgment and order of the Superior Court of Los Angeles
County. Michelle R. Rosenblatt, Judge. Reversed and remanded.



        Pircher, Nichols & Meeks and James L. Goldman for Plaintiff and Appellant.



        The Salem Law Firm and Edmond E. Salem for Defendants and Respondents.


                                   **********
       This appeal concerns the amount of rent that may be charged under the City of Los
Angeles Rent Stabilization Ordinance (L.A. Mun. Code, ch. XV, art. 1, § 151.00 et seq.;
hereafter the Ordinance) to a former resident manager upon termination of managerial
services. The former resident manager was already a tenant in the unit before being
appointed resident manager and continued to occupy the unit after being relieved of
managerial duty.
       Landlord 1300 N. Curson Investors, LLC (plaintiff) sued former resident manager
Cecilia Drumea and her mother, Elena Drumea (defendants), seeking declaratory relief,
ejectment and damages. The day before plaintiff purchased an apartment building
subject to the Ordinance, the former owner relieved Cecilia from her position as the
resident manager. Defendants were already tenants in the unit before Cecilia was
appointed resident manager, paying $850 per month. During the years Cecilia served as
the resident manager, she occupied the unit rent-free in compensation for her services.
After Cecilia was relieved of duty, plaintiff served defendants with a notice of rent
increase, raising the monthly rent to $1,552.03, which included all of the annual
adjustments permitted under the Ordinance that had accrued over the years Cecilia was
manager. Defendants refused to pay the increased rent, claiming plaintiff could not
collect more than $850 per month. The trial court denied plaintiff’s motion for summary
judgment, and the parties stipulated to entry of judgment in defendants’ favor to facilitate
appellate review.
       We reverse, finding that plaintiff was entitled to collect $1,552.03 per month and
the notice of rent increase was valid because plaintiff correctly calculated the permissible
rent increase under the regulations promulgated by the City of Los Angeles Rent
Adjustment Commission (Commission), which issues policies, rules and regulations to
effectuate the purposes of the Ordinance. The Commission Regulations and Guidelines,
regulation 925.03 provides “if the resident manager was already a tenant in the unit
before being appointed resident manager, the rent charged to the resident manager upon
termination of managerial services shall not exceed the rent the tenant had already been
paying plus annual adjustments authorized under the [Ordinance].” There was no dispute


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that plaintiff correctly calculated the annual adjustments authorized under the Ordinance
for each year Cecilia served as resident manager.
       Pursuant to the parties’ stipulation for entry of judgment, plaintiff is entitled to
collect $1,552.03 per month beginning the first month following the month in which this
decision becomes final, and plaintiff may not recover damages for the difference between
that amount and the $850 that defendants agreed to pay during the pendency of this
appeal. We find the stipulation for entry of judgment implicitly establishes that plaintiff
is not entitled to ejectment unless and until defendants fail to tender $1,552.03 when it
becomes due, at which time plaintiff must initiate unlawful detainer proceedings in
conformance with all applicable laws in order to evict defendants.
                                     BACKGROUND
       The following are the pertinent facts to which the parties agreed in their stipulation
for entry of judgment. Plaintiff purchased the apartment building located at 1300 N.
Curson Avenue in Los Angeles, on July 1, 2011. Defendants had lived in a unit in that
building since December 15, 1992. Cecilia served as the resident manager for the
building from December 1993 until June 30, 2011. She was terminated effective June 30,
2011, by the previous owner.
       Before Cecilia became the resident manager, defendants’ rent was $850 per
month, under a lease dated December 13, 1992. When Cecilia served as resident
manager she did not pay rent; rather, she provided managerial services in lieu of rent.
While Cecilia occupied the unit rent-free, the previous owners did not serve defendants
with notices of the rent increases that they would have been required to serve if they were
collecting rent from defendants, nor with the annual registration statements issued by the
Los Angeles Housing Department (Department). However, the previous owners mailed
the annual registration statements to Cecilia, and it was her duty to serve these statements
on the other tenants in her capacity as resident manager.
       On December 31, 2011, defendants were served with a notice of rent increase,
charging rent of $1,552.03 per month, commencing on March 1, 2012. Defendants did
not comply with the notice, claiming it was invalid, and instead tendered rent of $850 on


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several occasions. Their tenders were rejected by plaintiff. On March 8, 2012, plaintiff
served defendants with a three-day notice to quit or pay rent demanding rent of
$1,552.03. Defendants did not pay the amount demanded in the notice. Instead, they
have paid $850 per month during the pendency of this dispute pursuant to agreements
preserving plaintiff’s claims and defendants’ claims and defenses.
       Defendants submitted a complaint to the Department. After receiving
correspondence from the parties, the Department stated its view that the allowable
increase for the period of July 1, 2011, through June 30, 2012, was 3 percent, and that the
proposed increase to $1,552.03 from $850 exceeded this allowable increase. In
September 2012, the Department closed defendants’ case because plaintiff had filed this
lawsuit on May 29, 2012.
       On January 9, 2013, plaintiff filed a motion for summary judgment or summary
adjudication, seeking a declaration that it was permitted to raise defendants’ rent to
$1,552.03 per month. Defendants opposed the motion on the ground that their rent
reverted to the $850 per month they had paid before Cecilia became resident manager
because the former owners did not serve them with any notices of allowable annual rent
increases. Defendants also contended that the rent increase was cumulative and
retroactive in violation of the Ordinance.
       The trial court denied the motion, after which the parties stipulated to entry of
judgment to facilitate appellate review of the applicable provisions of the Ordinance and
regulations and guidelines promulgated by the Commission. Pursuant to the parties’
stipulation, defendants were to tender rent of $850 per month from July 2011, and so long
as defendants paid that amount of rent on a timely basis, plaintiff would not seek to
recover damages if it prevailed in this appeal. Additionally, they stipulated that if
plaintiff prevails in this appeal, the rent increase will be valid beginning the first month
following the month in which our decision becomes final.
       The trial court entered judgment for defendants in accordance with the stipulation.
Plaintiff filed a timely notice of appeal.




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                                       DISCUSSION
       We review de novo pure questions of law based on undisputed facts, including
questions of statutory construction. (Weingarten Realty Investors v. Chiang (2012) 212
Cal.App.4th 163, 167-168.)
       The cannons of statutory construction apply to local ordinances. (City of San
Diego v. Rider (1996) 47 Cal.App.4th 1473, 1490.) “[W]e begin with the fundamental
rule that a court should ascertain the intent of the Legislature so as to effectuate the
purpose of the law. In determining such intent, the court turns first to the words
themselves for the answer. We are required to give effect to statutes according to the
usual, ordinary import of the language employed in framing them. Moreover, the various
parts of a statutory enactment must be harmonized by considering the particular clause or
section in the context of the statutory framework as a whole.” (Rodriguez v. Solis (1991)
1 Cal.App.4th 495, 505.) When provisions cannot be harmonized, particular or specific
provisions will generally take precedence over conflicting general provisions. (Code Civ.
Proc., § 1859; Agricultural Labor Relations Bd. v. Superior Court (1976) 16 Cal.3d 392,
420.) When construing a statute, the “court is obligated to avoid a construction that
would lead to impractical or unworkable results.” (Los Angeles Unified School Dist. v.
Garcia (2013) 58 Cal.4th 175, 194.)
       In 1978, the Los Angeles City Council enacted the Ordinance to regulate rent
increases caused by a housing shortage. (Klarfeld v. Berg (1981) 29 Cal.3d 893, 895-
896.) The legislative purposes of the Ordinance are set forth in Los Angeles Municipal
Code section 151.01, which provides: “There is a shortage of decent, safe and sanitary
housing in the City of Los Angeles resulting in a critically low vacancy factor.
[¶] . . . [¶] Therefore, it is necessary and reasonable to regulate rents so as to safeguard
tenants from excessive rent increases, while at the same time providing landlords with
just and reasonable returns from their rental units.”
       The Ordinance provides many tenant protections. Some of the significant tenant




                                               5
protections are those limiting the amount of annual rent increases,1 providing for a
reduction in rent when there has been a reduction in services, prohibiting eviction of a
tenant except for good cause, and requiring landlords to provide relocation assistance in
specified circumstances. (L.A. Mun. Code, ch. XV, §§ 151.00-151.30.) The Ordinance
also specifies the notice a landlord must give a tenant in advance of any annual rent
increase and requires the landlord to serve upon the tenant a valid registration statement
demonstrating the tenant’s unit is duly registered with the Department. (See § 151.05.)
       The Ordinance prohibits a landlord from charging cumulative or retroactive rent
increases. (See L.A. Mun. Code, § 151.06.) So, for example, if the Ordinance permitted
a 3 percent rent increase in 2011, and another 3 percent increase in 2012, a landlord who
did not raise the rent in 2011 may only raise the rent in 2012 by 3 percent, and may not
retroactively collect the increase permitted in 2011 for a cumulative rent increase of
6 percent in 2012. The Ordinance makes it “unlawful for any landlord to demand, accept
or retain more than the maximum adjusted rent permitted pursuant to this chapter or
regulation or orders adopted pursuant to this chapter.” (§ 151.04, subd. A.)
       The Ordinance gave the Commission the authority to promulgate policies, rules



1       “For a rental unit which at any time on or after the operative date of this chapter
has not had a rent increase for a period of twelve consecutive months or more []other than
one lawfully imposed pursuant to Section 3B(5) or (6) of Ordinance No. 151,415, as
amended, and/or pursuant to Subsection E. of this section and/or pursuant to Section
151.07 of this chapter. [¶] The maximum rent or maximum adjusted rent may be
increased in an amount based on the Consumer Price Index – All Urban Consumers
averaged for the twelve (12) month period ending September 30, of each year, as
determined and published by the Department on or before May 30, of each year, pursuant
to Section 151.07 A.6. of this chapter. This annual adjustment may be applied to any
annual rent increase which first becomes effective on or before July 1, through June 30,
of each year. If the landlord pays all the costs of electricity and/or gas services for a
rental unit then the maximum rent or maximum adjusted rent may be increased an
additional one percent (1%) for each such service paid by the landlord, not to exceed a
total of two percent (2%). If a rent increase had been imposed pursuant to Subsection A.,
B., C. or F.1., of this section, then no rent increase may be imposed pursuant to this
subsection until twelve (12) consecutive months or more have elapsed since such rent
increase.” (L.A. Mun. Code, § 151.06, subd. D.)


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and regulations to effectuate the purposes of the Ordinance. (See L.A. Mun. Code,
§ 151.03.) In 1986, the Commission issued regulations concerning permissible annual
rent percentage increases. (Reg. 360.00 et seq.) Regulation 362.01 requires landlords to
provide to each tenant printed information from the Commission stating the annual rent
increase percentage authorized for that calendar year, and the effective dates for the
increase. Regulation 362.02 provides that “no landlord shall demand or accept rent
without first giving each tenant a copy of the rent registration certificate containing the
printed explanation of the annual automatic rent increase supplied by the Department.”
       The Ordinance also specifically vests the Commission with authority to
“promulgate regulations to determine the appropriate maximum adjusted rent on a rental
unit when the tenant of a rental unit was, but no longer is, the resident manager, and when
a rental unit, formerly occupied by a resident manager, is offered for rent to another
person.” (L.A. Mun. Code, § 151.08, subd. E.) In 1982, the Commission issued
regulations pertaining to “[m]anagers as [t]enants.” (See Com. Regs. and Guidelines,
reg. 920.00 et seq.) These regulations provide that resident managers are entitled to the
protections of the Ordinance. (Reg. 920.01.)
       The Commission issued special regulations to determine the maximum allowable
rent increase that a landlord may charge a former resident manager who continues to
occupy a unit after her services have terminated. Regulation 925.03 provides “if the
resident manager was already a tenant in the unit before being appointed resident
manager, the rent charged to the resident manager upon termination of managerial
services shall not exceed the rent the tenant had already been paying plus annual
adjustments authorized under the [Ordinance].” If a manager was not a tenant before
being appointed resident manager, the rent upon termination of managerial services is
either what the landlord and manager contracted for, or “shall be the average of the rents
of comparable occupied units in the building.” (Reg. 925.01.)
       Harmonizing these provisions, it is clear that although resident managers are
afforded the many protections of the Ordinance, they are treated differently than other
tenants insofar as the allowable rent increase a landlord may collect when they continue


                                              7
to occupy a unit after their management services are terminated. Where other tenants
may not be charged a cumulative rent increase, a former manager tenant who already
occupied the unit before being appointed resident manager may be charged the rent the
tenant had been paying plus annual adjustments authorized under the Ordinance during
the years of her service as manager. (Com. Regs. and Guidelines, reg. 925.03.) If the
market rent has increased more than the increases allowed under the Ordinance, the
former manager tenant is protected from having to pay the prevailing market rental value
of the unit. Thus, the provisions for calculating the rent of a former resident manager
serve the dual purposes of the Ordinance, to safeguard tenants from excessive rent
increases while providing landlords with fair and reasonable returns from their rental
units.
         Defendants claim that their rent may not be increased because the former owners
did not serve them with the annual registration statements and notices of rent increases
during the time that they did not pay rent. We find it would be impractical to require
landlords to serve annual registration statements and notices of rent increases on resident
managers who do not pay rent. No express provision of the Ordinance pertaining to rent
increases for a former manager who was previously a tenant provides that the landlord
must have given notices of what-the-rent-increase-would-have-been-if-you-were-paying-
rent. Nothing in the Ordinance suggests an intent to require a landlord to give notice of
theoretical rent increases to a manager who does not pay any rent. To the contrary, the
Ordinance expressly provides how much rent may be increased for a unit occupied by a
former resident manager and says nothing about the service of notices during the time the
resident manager occupied the unit without paying rent. Moreover, the Commission
Regulations and Guidelines, regulation 925.04 requires the landlord to make available to
the former resident manager “the rent records used in calculation of the rent of the unit
upon termination of the managerial services.” This is the way the former resident
manager is notified of the basis for the increase in rent over the amount she paid as a
tenant before serving as manager.
         In contrast to the resident manager who pays no rent, when a manager pays partial


                                             8
rent, the Commission Regulations and Guidelines, regulation 924.01 specifies that “only
the partial rent payments shall be subject to the annual adjustments authorized under the
[Ordinance] pursuant to [Los Angeles Municipal Code section] 151.06” and that the
“landlord must comply with the notice requirements of . . . Civil Code section 827 prior
to any . . . increase in the rent.” It logically follows from the requirement that the
landlord must give notice of increases in partial rent payments that the landlord has no
obligation to give notice of what the increase would have been if the manager were
paying the full rental value of the unit.
       Regulation 925.01 provides that the rent of a former resident manager who
continues to occupy the unit, who was not a tenant of the unit before serving as manager,
may be set at the average rent of comparable occupied units in the building. Since the
Ordinance specifies the maximum annual rent increase for every rental unit, the city
council obviously recognized that rents were likely to steadily increase, thereby
increasing the average rent of occupied units in an apartment building. The Ordinance
does not require that landlords give notice of the average rent of comparable occupied
units during the years the resident manager occupies the unit rent-free.
       We also find the Ordinance does not require landlords to serve annual registration
statements on resident managers who pay no rent. The provisions of the Ordinance
requiring annual registration statements make the “demand” for rent contingent upon
issuing them. (See L.A. Mun. Code, § 151.05, subd. A.) Here, no rent was demanded
from defendants; Cecilia provided services in lieu of rent. If Cecilia had paid partial rent,
then the regulations would have required that she receive notice of annual rent increases
and registration statements. (Com. Regs. and Guidelines, reg. 924.01.) But she and her
mother occupied their unit rent-free. In any event, Cecilia received the annual
registration statements and served them each year on the tenants specified by the former
owner, so she knew the former owner had lawfully registered the occupied units.
       We conclude that a former resident manager who was already a tenant in the unit
before being appointed resident manager may be charged rent upon termination of
managerial services in the amount of the rent the former manager had been paying as a


                                              9
tenant, plus the annual adjustments authorized under the Ordinance, and the landlord has
no obligation to serve annual registration statements or notices of rent increases during
the period that the former manager occupied the unit rent-free. Therefore, the judgment
must be reversed, and plaintiff is entitled to an order granting summary adjudication in its
favor on its cause of action for declaratory relief. In this case, however, that does not
mean that defendants are required to pay the difference in rent, or suffer ejectment for
nonpayment of rent during the pendency of this case, because in the stipulation for entry
of judgment, the parties agreed that plaintiff would not seek damages, and that rent in the
amount of $1,552.03 would be due beginning the first month after the month in which
this decision becomes final. Plaintiff will not be entitled to ejectment for nonpayment of
rent unless and until defendants fail to tender $1,552.03 when it becomes due, at which
time plaintiff must initiate unlawful detainer proceedings in conformance with all
applicable laws in order to evict defendants.
                                      DISPOSITION
       The judgment is reversed, and the matter is remanded to the trial court. The trial
court is ordered to enter an order granting summary adjudication on the cause of action
for declaratory relief, declaring the December 2011 notice of rent increase was valid and
may be enforced. Appellant shall recover its costs on appeal.



                                                                 GRIMES, J.

We concur:

                     BIGELOW, P. J.



                     FLIER, J.




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