         In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                  OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
                                            No. 14-917V
                                      (Filed: January 10, 2019)

    * * * * * * * * * * * * *                   *   *
    CHRIS POWERS,                                   *       UNPUBLISHED
                                                    *
                 Petitioner,                        *
    v.                                              *       Decision on Interim Attorneys’ Fees and
                                                    *       Costs
    SECRETARY OF HEALTH                             *
    AND HUMAN SERVICES,                             *
                                                    *
             Respondent.                            *
    * * * * * * * * * * * * *                   *   *

Ronald C. Homer, Esq., Conway, Homer, PC. Boston, MA, for petitioner.
Althea W. Davis, Esq., U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for respondent.

                DECISION ON INTERIM ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS1

Roth, Special Master:

        On September 29, 2014, Chris Powers (“Mr. Powers” or “petitioner”) filed a petition for
compensation under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.2 Petitioner alleges that
he suffers from Polymyalgia Rheumatica (“PMR)” and/or Rheumatoid Arthritis (“RA”), as a result
of the influenza (“flu”) vaccination he received on October 14, 2011. Petition, ECF No. 1.

      An entitlement hearing was held on December 11-12, 2017. Order at 1, ECF No. 69. On
August 13, 2018, petitioner filed a Motion for Interim Attorneys’ Fees and Costs (“Motion for

1
  Although this Decision has been formally designated “unpublished,” it will nevertheless be posted on
the Court of Federal Claims’s website, in accordance with the E-Government Act of 2002, Pub. L. No.
107-347, 116 Stat. 2899, 2913 (codified as amended at 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2006)). This means the
Decision will be available to anyone with access to the internet. However, the parties may object to the
Decision’s inclusion of certain kinds of confidential information. Specifically, under Vaccine Rule 18(b),
each party has fourteen days within which to request redaction “of any information furnished by that
party: (1) that is a trade secret or commercial or financial in substance and is privileged or confidential; or
(2) that includes medical files or similar files, the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly
unwarranted invasion of privacy.” Vaccine Rule 18(b). Otherwise, the whole Decision will be available to
the public. Id.
2
 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755. Hereinafter, for ease
of citation, all “§” references to the Vaccine Act will be to the pertinent subparagraph of 42 U.S.C. § 300aa
(2012).
Interim Fees”), requesting $80,978.20 in attorneys’ fees, $44,380.81 in attorneys’ costs, and
$717.79 in petitioner’s costs, for a total of $126,076.80. ECF No. 88. Petitioner also filed a
Statement Regarding General Order #9 on August 13, 2018. ECF No. 89. On August 27, 2018,
respondent filed a response to petitioner’s Motion for Interim Fees that contained no specific
objection to the amount requested or hours billed, but instead asked that I exercise my discretion
in determining the proper amount to be awarded. ECF No. 90. Petitioner did not file a reply to
respondent’s response.

                                     I. Procedural History

        Petitioner filed his petition on September 29, 2014. ECF No. 1. This case was originally
assigned to Special Master Hamilton-Fieldman but reassigned to me on January 14, 2016. See ECF
Nos. 4, 33.

        Petitioner filed medical records on October 2, 2014, and a Statement of Completion the
following day. Petitioner’s Exhibits (“Pet. Exs.”) 1-18, ECF Nos. 6-9. On December 29, 2014,
respondent filed his Rule 4(c) Report. ECF No. 14. A status conference was held on January 21,
2015, during which petitioner was ordered to file an expert report by March 25, 2015. See Order,
ECF No. 16. After three Motions for Extension of Time (Motions, ECF Nos. 17, 21, 23) and a
status conference regarding the delay in the filing of petitioner’s expert report (Order, ECF No.
22), petitioner filed his expert report from Dr. Kristin Gowin and supporting medical literature on
July 27, 2015. Pet. Ex. 20-21, ECF No. 25.

        On July 28, 2015, respondent was ordered to file his responsive expert report by September
1, 2015. Non-PDF Order, dated July 28, 2015. After a request for an extension of time contained
in a status report, (Resp. S.R., ECF No. 26), that was granted (Order, ECF No. 27), respondent
filed his expert report from Dr. Mehrdad Matloubian and supporting medical literature on
November 3, 2015. Resp. Exs. A-B, ECF Nos. 28-30.

         A status conference was held on November 19, 2015, after which petitioner was ordered
to file a supplemental expert report in response to Dr. Matloubian’s report. Order, ECF No. 31.
Petitioner filed a supplemental expert report from Dr. Gowin and supporting medical literature on
February 5, 2016. See Pet. Exs. 22-24, ECF No. 35. Respondent filed a responsive expert report
from Dr Matloubian on May 4, 2016. Resp. Exs. C1-12, ECF Nos. 38-39.

        On June 30, 2016, a status conference was held during which it was determined that
additional expert reports were necessary. Order at 1, ECF No. 41. Petitioner was ordered to file a
responsive expert report by August 1, 2016, and a joint status report identifying potential
entitlement hearing dates by August 29, 2016. Id. Petitioner filed a joint status report on August
29, 2016, indicating the parties were available for a two-day entitlement hearing on October 2-3,
2017, and on October 16-17, 2017. Joint Status Report (“J.S.R.”) at 1, ECF No. 43. That same day,
an entitlement hearing was scheduled for October 2-3, 2017 in Washington, D.C. Pre-Hearing
Order at 1, ECF No. 44.

       After three Motions for Extension of Time (Motions, ECF Nos. 42, 45-46), which were
granted, petitioner filed an expert report from Dr. Michael Gurish with accompanying medical

                                                2
literature on October 13, 2016. Pet. Ex. 25, ECF No. 47. Petitioner filed additional medical records
on February 8, 2017. Pet. Exs. 26-32, ECF No. 49.

        On July 21, 2017, petitioner’s counsel called my Chambers to ask about rescheduling the
entitlement hearing that was currently scheduled for October 2-3, 2017. Informal Communication,
dated July 21, 2017. On August 7, 2017, the entitlement hearing was rescheduled for December
11-12, 2017, in Washington, D.C. Pre-Hearing Order at 1, ECF No. 50. The pre-hearing status
conference was set for December 5, 2017. Id. Petitioner filed additional medical records on
October 13, 2017. Pet. Exs. 33-40, ECF No. 51.

         On October 16, 2017, petitioner filed his pre-hearing brief. Pre-Hearing Submission, ECF
No. 53. Respondent filed his pre-hearing brief along with supplemental literature on November 6,
2017. See ECF Nos. 55-56. On November 9, 2017, respondent filed his pre-hearing brief and
medical literature. Pre-Hearing Submission, ECF No. 58; Resp. Exs. D-J, ECF No. 59. Petitioner
filed a response to respondent’s pre-hearing brief on November 20, 2017. Response, ECF No. 60.
The parties filed a Glossary of Relevant Terms and joint pre-hearing submission on December 4,
2017. ECF Nos. 62-63. A pre-hearing status conference was held on December 5, 2017, during
which the details of the hearing were discussed. Order at 1, ECF No. 64.

        An entitlement hearing was held on December 11-12, 2017. Order at 1, ECF No. 69. Dr.
Gowin and Dr. Gurish testified on behalf of petitioner and Dr. Matloubian testified on behalf of
respondent. Id. Petitioner’s co-counsel, Joseph Pepper, appeared via video conference from
California, along with petitioner, Chris Powers, and his wife, Vivian Powers, who also testified at
the hearing. Id. At the conclusion of the hearing, petitioner was ordered to file all pharmacy records
from 2010 through 2012, all rheumatology records since March 2017, and all records related to
petitioner’s November 2017 back surgery by March 12, 2018. Id. Respondent was ordered to file
an article referenced by Dr. Matloubian during the hearing that discussed the effect trauma has on
the autoimmune system by March 12, 2018. Id.

         Petitioner filed some of the requested medical records on February 27, 2018, and March 8,
2018. See Pet. Exs. 45-50, ECF Nos. 74, 77. On March 12, 2018, petitioner filed a status report
advising he needed additional time to obtain the remaining outstanding medical records. Pet. S.R.
at 1, ECF No. 79. Petitioner was ordered to file all outstanding records, along with a status report
advising that the record was complete, by April 16, 2018. Order at 1, ECF No. 80. On March 14,
2018, petitioner filed the outstanding records and a status report advising that the record was
complete. See Pet. Ex. 51, ECF No. 81; Pet. S.R. at 1, ECF No. 83. The parties were ordered to
file their post-hearing briefs by May 14, 2018. Non-PDF Order, dated March 14, 2018. After two
Motions for Extension of Time, one filed by each party (Motions, ECF No. 84-85), which were
both granted, petitioner and respondent filed their post-hearing briefs on June 20, 2018. See ECF
Nos. 86-87.

       Petitioner filed a Motion for Interim Attorneys’ Fees and Costs and a General Order #9 on
August 13, 2018. ECF Nos. 88-89. Respondent filed a response to petitioner’s motion on August
27, 2018. ECF No. 90. Petitioner did not file a reply to respondent’s response.

       This matter is now ripe for determination.

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                                        II. Legal Framework

        The Vaccine Act permits an award of reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs. § 15(e)(1).
If a petitioner succeeds on the merits of his or her claim, petitioner’s counsel is automatically
entitled to reasonable attorneys’ fees. Id.; see Sebelius v. Cloer, 133 S. Ct. 1886, 1891 (2013).
However, a petitioner need not prevail on entitlement to receive a fee award as long as the petition
was brought in “good faith” and there was a “reasonable basis” for the claim to proceed. § 15(e)(1).
Moreover, special masters have discretion to award interim fees while the litigation is ongoing if
“the cost of litigation has imposed an undue hardship” and there is “a good faith basis for the
claim.” Shaw v. Sec’y of Health & Humans Servs., 609 F.3d 1372, 1375 (Fed. Cir. 2010); see Avera
v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 515 F.3d 1343, 1352 (Fed. Cir. 2008). One instance in which
interim fees have been awarded is “where proceedings are protracted.” Avera, 515 F.3d at 1352.

        The Federal Circuit has endorsed the use of the lodestar approach to determine what
constitutes “reasonable attorneys’ fees” and “other costs” under the Vaccine Act. Avera, 515 F.3d
at 1349. Under this approach, [t]he initial estimate of reasonable attorneys’ fees is calculated by
“multiplying the number of hours reasonably expended on the litigation times a reasonable hourly
rate.” Id. at 1347-48 (quoting Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888 (1984)). That product is then
adjusted upward or downward based on other specific findings. Id.

        A reasonable hourly rate is defined as the rate “prevailing in the community for similar
services by lawyers of reasonably comparable skill, experience and reputation.” Id. at 1348
(quoting Blum, 465 U.S. at 896 n.11). This rate is based on “the forum rate for the District of
Columbia” rather than “the rate in the geographic area of the practice of petitioner’s attorney.”
Rodriguez v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 632 F.3d 1381, 1384 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (citing Avera,
515 F. 3d at 1349). There is a limited exception that provides for attorneys’ fees to be awarded at
local hourly rates when “the bulk of the attorney’s work is done outside the forum jurisdiction”
and “there is a very significant difference” between the local hourly rate and forum hourly rate. Id.
This is known as the Davis County exception. See Hall v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 640
F.3d 1351, 1353 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (citing Davis Cty. Solid Waste Mgmt. & Energy Recovery Special
Serv. Dist. v. U.S. EPA, 169 F.3d 755, 758 (D.C. Cir. 1999)). For cases in which forum rates apply,
McCulloch provides the framework for determining the appropriate hourly rate range for
attorneys’ fees based upon the attorneys’ experience. See McCulloch v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., No. 09-293V, 2015 WL 5634323 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 1, 2015). The Office of Special
Masters has issued a fee schedule that updates the McCulloch rates to account for inflation in
subsequent years.3

       Once the applicable hourly rate is determined, it is applied to the “number of hours
reasonably expended on the litigation.” Avera, 515 F.3d at 1348. The application for fees and costs
must “sufficiently detail and explain the time billed so that a special master may determine . . .
whether the amount requested is reasonable,” and an award of attorneys’ fees may be reduced for
“vagueness” in billing. J.W. ex rel. Wilson v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 15-1551V,

3
 This fee schedule is posted on the court’s website. See Office of Special Masters, Attorneys’ Forum
Hourly Rate Fee Schedule: 2018, http://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/node/2914.

                                                   4
2017 WL 877278, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Feb. 10, 2017). Moreover, counsel should not include
in their fee requests hours that are “excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary.” Saxton ex
rel. Saxton v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 3 F.3d 1517, 1521 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (quoting
Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 434 (1983)). “Unreasonably duplicative or excessive billing”
includes “an attorney billing for a single task on multiple occasions, multiple attorneys billing for
a single task, attorneys billing excessively for intra office communications, attorneys billing
excessive hours, [and] attorneys entering erroneous billing entries.” Raymo v. Sec’y of Health &
Human Servs., 129 Fed. Cl. 691, 703 (2016).

         Furthermore, some tasks are generally compensated at a reduced rate. Attorneys who
perform non-attorney-level work are compensated at a rate comparable to what would be paid to
a paralegal. See O’Neill v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 08-243V, 2015 WL 2399211, at
*9 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 28, 2015). Hours spent traveling are ordinarily compensated at one-
half of the normal hourly attorney rate. See Scott v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 08-756V,
2014 WL 2885684, at *3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 5, 2014) (collecting cases). Finally, some tasks
are never compensable. For instance, “it is inappropriate for counsel to bill time for educating
themselves about basic aspects of the Vaccine Program.” Matthews v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., No 14-1111V, 2016 WL 2853910, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 18, 2016). Additionally,
clerical and secretarial tasks should not be billed at all, regardless of who performs them. See, e.g.,
McCulloch, 2015 WL 5634323, at *26. Non-compensable clerical and secretarial tasks include
making travel arrangements, reviewing and paying invoices, setting up meetings, organizing files,
scheduling conference calls, and reviewing files for consistency. J.W., 2017 WL 877278, at *3;
Barry v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 12-039V, 2016 WL 6835542, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec.
Mstr. Oct. 25, 2016).

        It is “well within the Special Master’s discretion to reduce the hours to a number that, in
[her] experience and judgment, [is] reasonable for the work done.” Saxton, 3 F.3d at 1522. In
exercising that discretion, special masters may reduce the number of hours submitted by a
percentage of the amount charged. See Broekelschen v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 102 Fed.
Cl. 719, 728-29 (2011) (affirming special master’s reduction of attorney and paralegal hours); Guy
v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 38 Fed. Cl. 403, 406 (1997) (same). Ultimately, special masters
have substantial discretion in awarding fees and costs, and may adjust a fee request sua sponte,
apart from objections raised by respondent and without providing petitioners with notice and
opportunity to respond. See Sabella v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 86 Fed. Cl. 201, 209 (Fed.
Cl. 2009). Special masters need not engage in a line-by-line analysis of petitioner’s fee application
when reducing fees. See Broekelschen, 102 Fed. Cl. at 729.

                                           III. Discussion

A.     Availability of Interim Fees

        The court in Avera held that interim fees may be awarded “in appropriate circumstances.”
515 F.3d at 1351. The court then listed some circumstances—cases involving “protracted”
proceedings and “costly experts”—in which it would be particularly appropriate to award interim
fees. Id. at 1352. But “the Federal Circuit in Avera . . . did not enunciate the universe of litigation
circumstances which would warrant an award of interim attorney’s fees,” Woods, 105 Fed. Cl. at

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154, and “special masters [retain] broad discretion in determining whether to award” them, Al-Uffi
ex rel. R.B. v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 13-956V, 2015 WL 6181669, at *5 (Fed. Cl.
Spec. Mstr. Sept. 30, 2015). The inquiry is simply whether there is “a good faith basis for the
claim” and the denial of interim fees would “impose[] an undue hardship” in the circumstances of
the case. Shaw, 609 F.3d at 1375. In making this determination, “the special master may consider
any of the unique facts of a case.” Rehn v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 126 Fed. Cl. 86, 94
(2016).

        Under the circumstances of this case, interim fees are warranted. This case has been
pending for four years, which ordinarily “suffice[s] to constitute the type of ‘circumstances’ to
warrant an interim fee award.” Woods, 105 Fed. Cl. at 154; see also, e.g., Thompson v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., No. 12-475V, 2018 WL 1559799, at *1 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Feb. 28,
2018) (“[I]nterim attorneys’ fees and costs are appropriate because waiting for the conclusion of
the case would place an undue hardship in petitioner”); Kottenstette v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., No. 15-1016V, 2017 WL 5662780, at *3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Oct. 30, 2017) (finding two-
year proceeding constituted appropriate circumstances for interim fees). Respondent does not
dispute that there is “a good faith basis for [petitioner’s] claim.” Shaw, 609 F.3d at 1375; see
Sharp-Rountree, 2015 WL 12600336, at *3 (explaining that “petitioners are entitled to a
presumption of good faith absent direct evidence of bad faith” and finding a good faith basis when
respondent “declined to challenge [it]”). Petitioner has expended significant funds on experts and
a hearing in this case and with the current case load, it is uncertain as to when the entitlement
ruling will be issued. In sum, the circumstances of this case warrant an award of interim fees and
costs, so as not to impose economic hardship on petitioner.

                                         IV. Discussion

A.     Reasonable Rates and Time

        Petitioner requests $80,978.20 in attorneys’ fees. ECF No. 88. The requested hourly rates
are consistent with the rates previously found to be reasonable in cases involving petitioner’s
counsel and his law firm. See e.g., Faup v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 15-42V, 2018
WL 343317, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. May 30, 2018); Stepp v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs.,
No. 14-851V, 201 WL 793426, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Jan. 2, 2018). Moreover, the number
of hours expended in this case by petitioner’s counsel appear to be reasonable. Therefore, I award
the requested attorneys’ fees.

B.     Reasonable Costs

        Petitioner requests a total of $44,380.81 in attorneys’ costs and $717.79 in petitioner’s
costs. ECF No. 88. The requested costs consist of securing medical records and expert fees.
Considering the in-depth analysis provided by petitioner’s experts, I find the requested attorneys’
and petitioner’s costs to be reasonable.




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                                     V. Total Award Summary

        Based on the foregoing, petitioner’s Motion for Interim Attorneys’ Fees and Costs is
GRANTED. Accordingly, I award $126,076.80,4 representing $80,978.20 in attorneys’ fees,
$44,380.81 in attorneys’ costs, and $717.79 in petitioner’s costs in the form of a check payable
jointly to petitioner and petitioner’s counsel, Ronald Homer, Esq. The clerk shall enter
judgment accordingly.5

        IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                                         s/ Mindy Michaels Roth
                                                         Mindy Michaels Roth
                                                         Special master




4
 This amount is intended to cover all legal expenses incurred in this matter. This award encompasses all
charges by the attorney against a client, “advanced costs” as well as fees for legal services rendered.
Furthermore, § 15(e)(3) prevents an attorney from charging or collecting fees (including costs) that would
be in addition to the amount awarded herein. See Beck v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 924 F.2d
1029 (Fed. Cir. 1991).
5
  Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), entry of judgment can be expedited by each party filing a notice
renouncing the right to seek review.

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