Filed 3/20/15 opn. on rehearing
                                  CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION

              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                   SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

ISAAC RUELAS,                                            H039848
                                                        (Monterey County
        Plaintiff and Appellant,                         Super. Ct. Nos. M122167, J29777)

        v.

THE SUPERIOR COURT OF MONTEREY
COUNTY,

        Defendant and Respondent;

THE PEOPLE,

        Real Party in Interest and Respondent.


        Appellant Isaac Ruelas appeals from the denial of his request for relief from
mandatory sex offender registration on equal protection grounds. He contends that
mandatory sex offender registration for a juvenile who is adjudicated of violating Penal
Code section 647.61 and committed to the Division of Juvenile Facilities only after
committing another offense, but not for a juvenile who is adjudicated of violating section
647.6 and never committed to the Division of Juvenile Facilities, violates the equal
protection clauses of the federal and state Constitutions.
        We previously issued an opinion reversing the judgment. However, we granted
rehearing when the People brought to the court’s attention a change in the law. We
ordered the parties to file letter briefs addressing the effect of the change in the law on
Ruelas’s equal protection challenge. We now affirm.


        1
            All further statutory references are to the Penal Code.
I.     FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
       In 1994, at age 14, Ruelas admitted committing felony assault with a deadly
weapon (§ 245) and misdemeanor annoying or molesting a child (§ 647.6). Three years
later, while Ruelas was still a minor, the juvenile court found true allegations that he had
committed three felonies: robbery (§ 211), assault with a deadly weapon (§ 245), and
vehicle theft (Veh. Code, § 10851). At that time, the juvenile court committed Ruelas to
the California Youth Authority,2 for a maximum term of eight years two months. That
term included four months imposed as a result of Ruelas’s prior admission of annoying or
molesting a child in violation of section 647.6.3 Upon his release, Ruelas was required to
register as a sex offender because of his section 647.6 adjudication.
       In November 2012, Ruelas filed a petition for writ of mandate arguing that his
equal protection guarantees were violated by the requirement that he register as a sex
offender. Ruelas timely appealed the trial court’s order denying that petition.
II.    DISCUSSION
       On appeal, Ruelas challenges the statutory scheme requiring him to register as a
sex offender. We begin by setting forth the relevant statutes and case law.



       2
         The California Youth Authority was renamed the Department of Corrections and
Rehabilitation, Division of Juvenile Facilities, effective July 1, 2005. (Welf. & Inst.
Code, § 1710, subd. (a).) The Division of Juvenile Facilities is referenced in statutes,
such as Welfare and Institutions Code sections 731 and 733, that formerly referred to the
California Youth Authority. (In re N.D. (2008) 167 Cal.App.4th 885, 890, fn. 2.) In this
opinion, we use the name Division of Juvenile Facilities.
       3
         The record on appeal is not particularly satisfying on this important (though
undisputed) fact. While Ruelas’s petition for writ of mandate and the trial court’s order
denying that petition state that Ruelas was committed in part because of the section 647.6
adjudication, no minute order or transcript from the juvenile court confirms that fact.
Nevertheless, we can safely assume Ruelas was in fact committed in part because of the
section 647.6 adjudication because, as discussed below, he would not be subject to
mandatory sex offender registration--as he indisputably is--were that not the case. (In re
Alex N. (2005) 132 Cal.App.4th 18, 24.)
                                              2
          A.     Relevant Statutes
                 1.     Section 647.6’s Prohibition Against Annoying or Molesting a Child
          Section 647.6, subdivision (a)(1) makes it a misdemeanor to annoy or molest a
child under the age of 18 years. As used in that provision, the words “annoy” and
“molest” “are synonymous and generally refer to conduct designed to disturb, irritate,
offend, injure, or at least tend to injure, another person.” (People v. Lopez (1998) 19
Cal.4th 282, 289.) Section 647.6, subdivision (a) is violated by conduct that (1) a normal
person unhesitatingly would be irritated by, and (2) is motivated by an unnatural or
abnormal sexual interest in the victim. (Ibid.) Touching is not a required element.
(Ibid.)
          The offense of annoying or molesting a child under the age of 18 years is a general
intent crime. (People v. Brandao (2012) 203 Cal.App.4th 436, 445 (Brandao).) Yet it
includes the “mental state element” of motivation by an unnatural or abnormal sexual
interest. (People v. Maurer (1995) 32 Cal.App.4th 1121, 1127; Brandao, supra, at p. 448
[noting § 647.6’s “unique motivational requirement”].) For that reason, courts have
described section 647.6 as “ ‘a strange beast.’ ” (Brandao, supra, at p. 445.)
                 2.     Sex Offender Registration
          Section 290 makes lifelong sex offender registration mandatory for persons
convicted of specified crimes. The purpose of the mandatory registration statute is not to
punish, but to make sex offenders deemed likely to recidivate readily available for police
surveillance and “to notify members of the public of the existence and location of sex
offenders so they can take protective measures.” (Brandao, supra, 203 Cal.App.4th at p.
441.)
          Section 290.006 provides for discretionary lifelong sex offender registration for
adult offenders. It states: “Any person ordered by any court to register pursuant to the
[Sex Offender Registration] Act for any offense not included specifically in subdivision
(c) of Section 290, shall so register, if the court finds at the time of conviction or
                                                3
sentencing that the person committed the offense as a result of sexual compulsion or for
purposes of sexual gratification. The court shall state on the record the reasons for its
findings and the reasons for requiring registration.” “Since the purpose of sex offender
registration is to keep track of persons likely to reoffend, one of the ‘reasons for requiring
registration’ under section 290.006 must be that the defendant is likely to commit similar
offenses--offenses like those listed in section 290--in the future.” (Lewis v. Superior
Court (2008) 169 Cal.App.4th 70, 78.)
       Section 290.008 sets forth the registration requirements for juvenile offenders. (In
re D.B. (2014) 58 Cal.4th 941, 946, fn. 3.) It mandates registration for persons
“discharged or paroled from the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation . . . after
having been adjudicated a ward of the juvenile court pursuant to Section 602 of the
Welfare and Institutions Code because of the commission or attempted commission” of
specified offenses. (§ 290.008, subd. (a); see also In re Bernardino S. (1992) 4
Cal.App.4th 613, 619-620 [“By its plain words, Penal Code section 290 requires
registration of juvenile wards only when they are discharged or paroled from the
[Division of Juvenile Facilities] after having been committed for one of the enumerated
offenses.”].) Violation of section 647.6 is among the offenses specified in section
290.008.
       This court has construed the pertinent language in section 290.008 as requiring
registration only by one who was committed to the Division of Juvenile Facilities “both
after and because of a sex offense adjudication,” not one committed “only for non-sex
offenses, . . . even though he [or she] has previously been adjudicated a ward for sex
offenses.” (In re Alex N., supra, 132 Cal.App.4th at p. 24 [construing language in former
§ 290, subd. (d)(1) that is identical to that in current § 290.008].)
              3.      Sex Offender Registration for Violators of Section 647.6
       All adults convicted of violating section 647.6 are subject to mandatory sex
offender registration. (§ 290, subd. (c); Brandao, supra, 203 Cal.App.4th at p. 441.) By
                                               4
contrast, a juvenile adjudicated of violating section 647.6 is subject to mandatory sex
offender registration only if he or she has been committed to the Division of Juvenile
Facilities because of that offense.
       Juvenile courts may, in their discretion, commit a ward to the Division of Juvenile
Facilities if the ward has violated section 647.6. (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 731, subd. (a)(4)
[court may “[c]ommit [a] ward to the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation,
Division of Juvenile Facilities, if the ward has committed an offense described in
subdivision (b) of [Welfare and Institutions Code] Section 707 or subdivision (c) of
Section 290.008 of the Penal Code, and is not otherwise ineligible for commitment to the
division under Section 733”]; § 290.008, subd. (c) [describing § 647.6].)
       Juvenile courts also have the discretion to “aggregate the period of physical
confinement [in the Division of Juvenile Facilities] on . . . multiple petitions, including
previously sustained petitions adjudging the minor a ward within Section 602 . . . .”
(Welf. & Inst. Code, § 726, subd. (d)(3).) Therefore, even if the juvenile court does not
initially commit a juvenile to the Division of Juvenile Facilities for violating section
647.6, it can do so in connection with a later petition, as occurred here.
       Accordingly, a juvenile adjudicated of violating section 647.6 is subject to
mandatory sex offender registration if he or she is committed to the Division of Juvenile
Facilities for the section 647.6 violation either (1) at the time of that adjudication or (2) in
connection with a later petition resulting in commitment to the Division of Juvenile
Facilities if the court exercises its discretion to aggregate the period of physical
confinement on the prior petition involving the section 647.6 offense.
       B.     Equal Protection
       A meritorious claim under the equal protection clause requires a showing that the
state has adopted a classification that affects two or more similarly situated groups in an
unequal manner. (In re Eric J. (1979) 25 Cal.3d 522, 530.) This court has explained that
the pertinent inquiry is whether “the two groups are sufficiently similar with respect to
                                               5
the purpose of the law in question that some level of scrutiny is required in order to
determine whether the distinction is justified.” (People v. Nguyen (1997) 54 Cal.App.4th
705, 714, italics added.) “The next step in analyzing an equal protection challenge is a
determination of the appropriate standard of review.” (Id. at p. 715.) “ ‘Statutes . . . will
receive differing levels of scrutiny depending upon the nature of the distinctions they
establish. Legislation which creates a suspect classification or impinges on the exercise
of a fundamental right is subject to strict scrutiny and will be upheld only if it is
necessary to further a compelling state interest. All other legislation will satisfy
constitutional requirements if it bears a rational relationship to a legitimate state purpose.’
” (People v. MacKenzie (1995) 34 Cal.App.4th 1256, 1269.)

       C.     There is No Equal Protection Violation
       Ruelas claims the mandatory registration requirement violates his right to equal
protection because juveniles adjudicated of violating section 647.6 but never committed
to the Division of Juvenile Facilities are not subject to mandatory sex offender
registration. We disagree.
       The threshold question is whether the state has adopted a classification that affects
two or more similarly situated groups differently. Ruelas posits the existence of two
groups: (1) those adjudicated of violating section 647.6 as juveniles but never committed
to the Division of Juvenile Facilities and (2) those adjudicated of violating section 647.6
as juveniles and, while not initially committed to the Division of Juvenile Facilities,
committed on a later petition involving non-sex offenses where the juvenile court
aggregates the previously sustained section 647.6 petition as part of the commitment. In
Ruelas’s view, all juveniles adjudicated of violating section 647.6 but not initially
committed to the Division of Juvenile Facilities for that offense, and who do not commit
further sex crimes, are similarly situated for purposes of mandatory sex offender
registration. According to Ruelas, juveniles in each group committed sexual offense


                                               6
“conduct . . . found by the juvenile court to be not sufficiently serious to require . . .
commitment.” But that is not so. Individuals in the latter group were found to warrant
commitment for violating section 647.6, albeit as part of the disposition on a
subsequently sustained petition.
       As noted above, a juvenile adjudicated of a violation of section 647.6 is subject to
mandatory sex offender registration only if he or she is committed to the Division of
Juvenile Facilities because of that offense. The decision to aggregate a previously
sustained petition as part of a commitment is discretionary, and the court may consider
the juvenile’s entire record before exercising that discretion. (In re Adrian R. (2000) 85
Cal.App.4th 448, 454.) Thus, where (as here) the juvenile court exercises its discretion to
aggregate a previously sustained section 647.6 petition as part of a commitment, it
necessarily makes a judgment that commitment for the underlying sexual offense conduct
is appropriate. That the court initially reached a different conclusion--not to commit the
juvenile for the conduct--does not mean it could not rationally find commitment to be
warranted upon revisiting the decision. (See In re Alex N., supra, 132 Cal.App.4th at p.
25 [“the Legislature implicitly permitted the juvenile court to utilize appropriate
procedures to modify the prior disposition for a previously sustained petition and impose
any appropriate disposition”].) For example, something in the new probation report
regarding the juvenile’s recent background may convince the court that the juvenile is
likely to commit another sex offense in the future.
       In sum, Ruelas and others in the latter group are not similarly situated for purposes
of mandatory sex offender registration to juvenile violators of section 647.6 who were
never committed to the Division of Juvenile Facilities. Ruelas and others like him were
found to merit commitment to the Division of Juvenile Facilities for their sex offenses,
whereas those in the other group were not. Because Ruelas has not demonstrated that the
statutory scheme treats two similarly situated groups differently, his equal protection
challenge fails.
                                               7
         Alternatively, Ruelas argues the juvenile court failed to exercise its discretion with
respect to the aggregation of his previously sustained section 647.6 petition. Ruelas does
not provide us with a transcript of the proceedings in the juvenile court at the time of his
commitment, nor anything else suggesting the court was unaware of its obligations and
discretion under Welfare and Institutions Code section 726. In essence, Ruelas urges us
to presume the juvenile court failed to recognize and exercise its discretion not to
aggregate when it aggregated his previously sustained sex offense petition. We decline to
do so.
         “Perhaps the most fundamental rule of appellate law is that the judgment
challenged on appeal is presumed correct, and it is the appellant’s burden to affirmatively
demonstrate error.” (People v. Sanghera (2006) 139 Cal.App.4th 1567, 1573.) “The
general rule is that on a silent record the ‘ “trial court is presumed to have been aware of
and followed the applicable law” ’ when exercising its discretion.” (Biscaro v. Stern
(2010) 181 Cal.App.4th 702, 708; Evid. Code, § 664 [“[i]t is presumed that official duty
has been regularly performed”].) Ruelas has failed to carry his burden to show the
juvenile court failed to exercise its discretion and we must presume it did. (People v.
Tang (1997) 54 Cal.App.4th 669, 677 [“ ‘We must indulge in every presumption to
uphold a judgment, and it is defendant’s burden on appeal to affirmatively demonstrate
error--it will not be presumed.’ ”].)
         Ruelas notes that he was committed to the Division of Juvenile Facilities in 1997,
years before this court’s In re Alex N. decision acknowledging that Welfare and
Institutions Code section 726 does not mandate aggregation. But the juvenile court had
discretion with respect to aggregation in 1997. Then, as now, Welfare and Institutions
Code section 726, subdivision (d) addressed the “maximum term of imprisonment” “[i]f
the court elects to aggregate the period of physical confinement on multiple counts or
multiple petitions, including previously sustained petitions adjudging the minor a ward
within Section 602 . . . .” (Id., subd. (d)(3), italics added.) As this court stated in In re
                                               8
Alex N., “[o]bviously [that statutory language] permits the juvenile court to elect not to
aggregate the period of physical confinement on a previously sustained petition.” (In re
Alex N., supra, 132 Cal.App.4th at p. 25, fn. 2.) This was not the first court to so hold.
(In re Richard W. (1979) 91 Cal.App.3d 960, 982 [“section 726 does not mandate
consecutive aggregated terms in all cases, absent the exercise of sound discretion in so
doing”]; In re Adrian R., supra, 85 Cal.App.4th at p. 454 [“Aggregation is not mandatory
or automatic, but rests within the sound discretion of the juvenile court.”].)
III.   DISPOSITION
       The order denying Ruelas’s petition for writ of mandate is affirmed.




                                              9
                                        Premo, J.




      WE CONCUR:




             Rushing, P.J.




             Elia, J.




Ruelas v. Superior Court (The People)
H039848
Trial Court:                            Monterey County Superior Court
                                        Superior Court Nos. M122167, J29777

Trial Judge:                            Hon. Robert A. Burlison

Counsel for Real Party in               Kamala D. Harris
Interest/Respondent:                    Attorney General
The People
                                        Dane R. Gillette
                                        Chief Assistant Attorney General

                                        Gerald A. Engler
                                        Senior Assistant Attorney General

                                        Ronald E. Niver
                                        Deputy Attorney General

                                        Huy The Luong
                                        Deputy Attorney General

                                        Elizabeth Hereford
                                        Deputy Attorney General

                                        David L. Fadem
                                        Deputy Attorney General

Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellant:        Innocence Legal Team
Isaac Ruelas                            William P. Daley

Counsel for Defendant/Respondent:       No appearance
The Superior Court of Monterey
County




Ruelas v. Superior Court (The People)
H039848
