[Cite as G.R.P.L. Ents., Inc. v. Sethi, 2011-Ohio-4334.]
                             STATE OF OHIO, MAHONING COUNTY

                                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                                          SEVENTH DISTRICT

G.R.P.L. ENTERPRISES, INC.,                         )
                                                    )      CASE NO. 10 MA 133
        PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE,                         )
                                                    )
        - VS -                                      )            OPINION
                                                    )
MANU SETHI, et al.,                                 )
                                                    )
        DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS.                      )


CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS:                                  Civil Appeal from Common Pleas
                                                           Court, Case No. 07 CV 3936.


JUDGMENT:                                                  Affirmed.


APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee:                                    Attorney Matthew C. Giannini
                                                           1040 South Commons Place
                                                           Suite 200
                                                           Youngstown, OH 44514

For Defendants-Appellants:                                 Attorney Jay R. Carson
                                                           Wegman, Hessler & Vanderburg
                                                           6055 Rockside Woods Blvd.
                                                           Suite 200
                                                           Cleveland, OH 44131



JUDGES:
Hon. Mary DeGenaro
Hon. Cheryl L. Waite
Hon. Joseph J. Vukovich


                                                           Dated: August 24, 2011
DeGenaro, J.
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         {¶1}   Defendants-Appellants, Manu and Sangeetha Sethi, appeal from a
Mahoning County Common Pleas Court judgment denying their motion for attorney fees.
The Sethis assert that the trial court erroneously denied their motion for attorney fees.
Upon review, their argument is meritless. Based on the record, the trial court reasonably
concluded that the actions of Plaintiff-Appellee, Gennaro Russo, did not constitute
frivolous conduct. Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
                               Facts and Procedural History
         {¶2}   This case was previously before this court where we set out the following
facts:
         {¶3}   "Gennaro Russo is a shareholder of GRPL, which is a land development
company that sells land in the Fox Den development in Canfield, Ohio. One of the terms
in GRPL's contracts is that Russo Builders Unlimited, Inc. has the right of first refusal to
build on the lots sold by GRPL. Gennaro Russo is a shareholder in Russo Builders along
with his son, Antonio Russo.
         {¶4}   "The Sethis owned a home in the Fox Den development. In 2004, Russo, as
an agent of GRPL, sold an adjacent parcel of residential land to the Sethis. The contract
terms included that 'Gennaro Russo shall have the first right of refusal to build the
residence' on the Sethis' lot. In 2006, the Sethis began construction of an addition to their
house on the adjacent lot using the services of Sudon Brothers. GRPL filed suit on
October 22, 2007 and sought a preliminary injunction that was denied.
         {¶5}   "GRPL initially claimed that the failure to disclose the plans for the addition
constituted a breach of the contractual provision for right of first refusal, which caused
GRPL lost profits. However, in Requests for Admissions, GRPL admitted that it incurred
no damages due to the lost construction project; that Russo Builders was designated to
provide construction services in the contract, and amended its complaint to add Gennaro
Russo individually.
         {¶6}   "Throughout discovery Russo claimed individual lost profits resulting from
not being given the opportunity to build the Sethis' addition. However, in Request for
Admissions directed to GRPL, Russo, as GRPL's agent, specifically denied that Gennaro
                                                                                         -3-


Russo was an intended third-party beneficiary to the contract between GRPL and the
Sethis, and asserted that Russo Builders was the third-party beneficiary with the right of
first refusal.
        {¶7}     "Because GRPL voluntarily dismissed its claims with prejudice, the matter
proceeded to a bench trial before the magistrate with Russo in his individual capacity as
the sole plaintiff. The Sethis then moved for dismissal, arguing that Russo, in his
individual capacity was not an intended third-party beneficiary to the contract, and further,
that Russo had presented no evidence of damages. The magistrate granted the motion.
Russo timely filed Objections to the Magistrate's Decision, which the trial court overruled."
G.R.P.L. Ents., Inc. v. Sethi, 7th Dist. No. 09-MA-205, 2010-Ohio-6513, at ¶2-6.
        {¶8}     Russo appealed to this court arguing that he was an intended third-party
beneficiary of the contract because of the right of first refusal provision. We disagreed,
holding that "Russo only established his status as an agent and shareholder of both
GRPL and Russo Builders, and failed to establish that he was personally an intended
third-party beneficiary of the contract between GRPL and the Sethis." Id. at ¶18. We
affirmed the trial court's finding that Russo did not have the right to enforce the contract
against the Sethis.
        {¶9}     During the first appeal, the Sethis filed a motion for attorney fees alleging
that Russo engaged in frivolous conduct by, among other things, continuing the lawsuit
when he and GRPL clearly lacked standing, which Russo opposed. The parties agreed
to submit no further evidence and rest on their briefs and exhibits.
        {¶10} The magistrate determined that when Russo, in his discovery responses,
identified that the "corporate entity" was the intended third-party beneficiary of the
contract, the complaint should have been immediately amended to bring the proper party
before the court. Otherwise, the magistrate reasoned, the complaint should have been
dismissed altogether since the contract fails to mention "Russo Brothers Ltd., Inc." and
the likelihood of it proving that it was an intended third-party beneficiary of the contract
was remote at best. The magistrate concluded that Russo's prosecution of a groundless
claim constituted frivolous conduct, and calculated the Sethis' legal fees incurred since
                                                                                       -4-


the date Russo served the discovery responses, and ordered judgment against Russo in
the amount of $51,894.
       {¶11} Russo filed objections to the magistrate's decision, and attached his affidavit
wherein he averred that in October 2008, during the pendency of the litigation, the
magistrate requested a meeting with each of the parties without their counsel. He further
averred that the magistrate told him that he had a basis for his claim and that he would
likely be awarded damages. Finally, he averred that as a result of the magistrate's
representations, he elected to proceed with the lawsuit instead of negotiating a
settlement. The trial court vacated the magistrate's decision and overruled the Sethis'
motion for attorney fees.
                             Denial of Attorney Fee Motion
       {¶12} In their sole assignment of error the Sethis assert:
       {¶13} "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY SUSTAINING PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
RUSSO'S OBJECTIONS TO THE MAGISTRATE'S DECISION AND DENYING
DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS MANU AND SANGEETHA SETHI'S MOTION FOR
ATTORNEYS' FEES."
       {¶14} The Sethis make three arguments. First, they contend that the magistrate
found that Russo's prosecution of the claim in his own name when he had no standing
and no damages constituted frivolous conduct. This finding was based on the fact that
Russo and Russo Builder, Ltd., Inc. are separate entities, and only a corporation and not
its shareholders can complain of injuries sustained by the corporation, and this was the
reason the trial court dismissed the case. Second, they argue that Russo's claim that the
magistrate told him he would likely receive a damages award is irrelevant. This would
have been highly inappropriate and therefore, it is likely untrue. And even if it were true,
this does not excuse Russo's conduct; his state of mind is irrelevant to a determination of
whether his conduct was frivolous. Furthermore, the settlement discussion to which
Russo referred actually took place in October 2007, discovery had not yet been
completed and the only plaintiff was GRPL, not Russo. Third, the Sethis contend that the
trial court abused its discretion by denying their motion for fees, and ignored the facts
                                                                                         -5-


when it adopted the magistrate's decision dismissing the underlying case: that Russo was
neither a party to the contract nor an intended third-party beneficiary, and that Russo
failed to present evidence that he would suffer damages from the Sethis' alleged breach
of the contract.
       {¶15} Russo first argues that it was apparent to the Sethis at all times that Russo,
individually, was intended to benefit financially from any construction on the Sethis' lot.
He had an exclusive contractual right to any construction on the lot and was within his
rights to pursue damages against the Sethis when they commenced construction with
another builder without his consent. Consequently, at all times he had a valid and
enforceable right pursuant to the contract. Second, both parties filed summary judgment
motions which the trial court denied, which demonstrates that there existed genuine
issues of material fact entitling neither party to judgment as a matter of law. Thus, his
defeat at trial should not be the controlling factor for determining whether his claims were
frivolous. Finally, that it was the Sethis' counsel who requested several meetings to
negotiate a settlement on the alleged "frivolous" claims. He asserts that prior to the day
of trial, each party and their counsel had appeared in court for a total of 14 billable hours,
and yet the Sethis claimed 288 billable hours in defense of this litigation. Russo seems to
claim that this amount of hours further supports the notion that his claims were not
frivolous.
       {¶16} R.C. 2323.51 governs awards of attorney fees as sanctions for frivolous
conduct.
       {¶17} "[A]t any time not more than thirty days after the entry of final judgment in a
civil action or appeal, any party adversely affected by frivolous conduct may file a motion
for an award of court costs, reasonable attorney's fees, and other reasonable expenses
incurred in connection with the civil action or appeal." R.C. 2323.51(B)(1). The trial court
may then assess and make an award to any party who was adversely affected by
frivolous conduct. R.C. 2323.51(B)(1).
       {¶18} "Frivolous conduct" includes conduct of a party to a civil action or the party's
attorney that "is not warranted under existing law, cannot be supported by a good faith
                                                                                        -6-


argument for an extension, modification, or reversal of existing law, or cannot be
supported by a good faith argument for the establishment of new law."                   R.C.
2323.51(A)(2)(a)(ii).
       {¶19} A trial court's ruling on a motion to impose sanctions will not be disturbed on
appeal absent an abuse of discretion. Orbit Electronics, Inc. v. Helm Instrument Co., Inc.,
167 Ohio App.3d 301, 2006-Ohio-2317, 855 N.E.2d 91, at ¶48. But whether a pleading is
warranted under existing law is a question of law and is subject to de novo review by the
appellate court. Id.; See also Engintec Corp. v. Miller, 11th Dist. No. 2008-T-0091, 2010-
Ohio-3680, at ¶22; Riston v. Butler, 149 Ohio App.3d 390, 2002-Ohio-2308, 777 N.E.2d
857, at ¶22.
       {¶20} The magistrate found that Russo's prosecution of his claim constituted
frivolous conduct because it was not "warranted under existing law" nor could it "be
supported by a good faith argument for an extension, modification or reversal of existing
law * * * or for the establishment of new law." He made this finding based on the
"timeless, black-letter law" that a plaintiff-shareholder does not have an independent
cause of action for damages to the corporation.
       {¶21} As the magistrate noted, on April 24, 2008, Russo served its answers to
interrogatories on the Sethis. Included in these responses were the following admissions:
       {¶22} "REQUEST NO. 15: Admit that Gene Russo was acting as an agent of
G.R.P.L. when he presented the purchase agreement for Lot #59 to the Sethis.
       {¶23} "RESPONSE: Admit.
       {¶24} "REQUEST NO. 16: Admit that G.R.P.L. intended Gene Russo, as an
individual and not as a corporate representative, to be a third-party beneficiary of the land
sale contract for Lot #59.
       {¶25} "RESPONSE: Deny as the Corporate Entity is the party with the right to
construct homes."
       {¶26} The magistrate determined that at this point in time, the complaint should
have been amended to bring the proper party before the court or otherwise the complaint
should have been dismissed.
                                                                                        -7-


       {¶27} However, both parties moved for summary judgment, and in support of their
motion the Sethis included quotations of the above requests and responses. The trial
court denied both parties' summary judgment motions finding, "genuine issues of material
fact exist which preclude a grant of summary judgment in favor of either Plaintiff or
Defendant." Thus, at that point in time, the trial court concluded that Russo could still
have standing despite the above cited responses to admissions.                Although not
determinative, the fact that the trial court denied summary judgment demonstrates that
Russo provided at least some factual basis to support his claims. See Wrinch v. Miller,
183 Ohio App.3d 445, 2009-Ohio-3862, 917 N.E.2d 348, at ¶55 (where the Ninth District
used the denial of summary judgment as evidence of "at least some factual basis to
support the claims"), citing Baker v. Beachwood Villas Condominium Owners Assn., 6th
Dist. No. E–03–011, 2004-Ohio-682, at ¶23 (where the trial court's denial of a directed
verdict on the appellant's claim was arguably a determination that the claim was not
frivolous).
       {¶28} Furthermore, a shareholder cannot maintain an independent cause of action
for damages to a corporation. Adair v. Wozniak (1986), 23 Ohio St.3d 174, 176, 492
N.E.2d 426. But "this general principle has no application where the wrongful acts are not
only against the corporation but are also violations of a duty arising from contract or
otherwise owed directly by the wrongdoer to the shareholder." Id. The contract provided
at paragraph two that the Sethis and GRPL agreed, "[t]hat Gennaro Russo shall have the
first right of refusal to the [sic.] build the residence located on the aforementioned lot. "
And it provided at paragraph three, "[t]hat in the event * * * [the Sethis were] unable or
unwilling to commence the construction * * * or * * * wish to sell the aforementioned real
estate, that Gennaro Russo shall have the right of first refusal to purchase same * * *."
Thus, an argument could be made under these terms that Russo was an intended third-
party beneficiary of the contract.
       {¶29} The fact that the trial court ultimately concluded that Russo was neither a
party to the contract nor an intended third-party beneficiary does not automatically lead to
the conclusion that Russo's claim was frivolous. Just because the court reached these
                                                                                  -8-


conclusions after considering the evidence does not mean that it did not believe that
Russo initially asserted a valid claim.
       {¶30} Consequently, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the
Sethis' motion for attorney fees. Accordingly, the Sethis' sole assignment of error is
meritless, and the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Waite, P.J., concurs.
Vukovich, J., concurs.
