[Cite as State v. Harris, 2012-Ohio-10.]




                 Court of Appeals of Ohio
                                EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                   COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA


                               JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
                                        No. 96566


                                       STATE OF OHIO

                                                       PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE

                                                 vs.

                                     MICHAEL HARRIS
                                                              DEFENDANT-APPELLANT



                                           JUDGMENT:
                                            AFFIRMED


                                     Criminal Appeal from the
                              Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                                       Case No. CR-534091

        BEFORE:           Jones, P.J., S. Gallagher, J., and Keough, J.

        RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED:                      January 5, 2012
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT

Britta M. Barthol
P.O. Box 218
Northfield, Ohio 44067


ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE

William D. Mason
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor

BY: Margaret A. Troia
Assistant County Prosecutor
The Justice Center, 9th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113




         LARRY A. JONES, P.J.:

         {¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Michael Harris, appeals his conviction for burglary.

We affirm.

         {¶ 2} In 2010, Harris was charged with two counts of burglary and one count of

theft.   One count of burglary was accompanied by a notice of prior conviction.    Harris

was charged along with Quentin Willis, who pled guilty to one count of burglary and was

sentenced to one year in prison.

         {¶ 3} Harris’s matter proceeded to a jury trial, at which the following pertinent
evidence was presented.

          {¶ 4} Mary Thomas, an analyst at the Cleveland Clinic, was at work on

September 23, 2009, when she received a phone call from her sister.             Her sister, who

lived next door to Thomas, informed Thomas that her condominium had been broken

into. Thomas went home and saw that her living room window was smashed.                      She

went inside, called police, and found that her two televisions, a computer, printer, and

DVR player had been taken.         She also found that a media player, camera, jewelry, and

coins were missing. She testified that the value of the stolen items was over $5000.

          {¶ 5} The responding police officer, Herman Dotson, observed a broken living

room window and a screen lying on the ground.               Detective John Riedthaler of the

Cleveland Police Crime Scene Unit noted the same.           The detective processed the scene

and recovered a total of ten latent prints.        The detective located the prints      on the

interior pane of the broken window, on the ground outside of the condominium, inside the

home, and on the exterior of the window. He did not photograph the scene.

          {¶ 6} Felicia Simington of the Crime Scene Unit testified as a fingerprint expert.

Simington analyzed the prints and determined that three of the ten prints belonged to

Harris.     The prints that belonged to Harris were located on the interior and the exterior

of the window. The other prints belonged to Quentin Willis.

          {¶ 7} Willis testified that he pled guilty to burglary and agreed to testify truthfully

against Harris. He detailed his past criminal history. He testified that on September

23, 2009, he was at home when he received a phone call from Harris.             Harris told him
that someone named “D” lived by Thomas and knew there was money in her home.

Harris asked Willis if he wanted to break into the house and Willis agreed.

         {¶ 8} Harris picked Willis up, D was sitting in the back seat.   D directed Willis

and Harris to the Thomas home. Willis testified that Harris pulled past Thomas’s house

and let D and Willis out of the car.    Harris then parked the car.   The three males went

up to Thomas’s living room window. D gave Willis a screwdriver. Willis broke the

window and started pulling out pieces of glass. Harris helped Willis pull out the glass

while D served as a lookout.

         {¶ 9} Willis testified that Harris’s hand went through the window to pull out

glass. Harris then left to get the car, but did not return. Willis crawled through the

window and unlocked the front door for D. Willis and D carried the items out of the

home. Willis later sold the items.

         {¶ 10} Later that day, Willis saw Harris and asked him why he did not return to

help them take the items out of the house. Willis testified that Harris “wanted some of

the things,” but he did not give Harris anything “[be]cause he wasn’t there when we —

when I took the things — when I got D and * * * took the things from the house.”

Willis reiterated that Harris was present when he broke the window and helped him

remove pieces of glass.

         {¶ 11} The jury convicted Harris of the two burglary charges, but acquitted him of

theft.   The trial court merged the two counts of burglary and sentenced him to eight

years in prison.
       {¶ 12} Harris appeals, raising the following assignment of error for our review:

       {¶ 13} “I.   The evidence was insufficient as a matter of law to support a finding

beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant was guilty of burglary.”

       {¶ 14} In his sole assignment of error, Harris contends that his convictions are not

supported by sufficient evidence. The test for sufficiency requires a determination of

whether the prosecution met its burden of production at trial. State v. Bowden, Cuyahoga

App. No. 92266, 2009-Ohio-3598, ¶12.        The relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing

the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could

have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt. State

v. Jenks (1991), 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 574 N.E.2d 942, paragraph two of the syllabus.

       {¶ 15} Harris was found guilty of burglary, in violation of R.C. 2911.12(A), which

provides that “[n]o person, by force, stealth, or deception, shall do any of the following:

       “(1) Trespass in an occupied structure or in a separately secured or separately
       occupied portion of an occupied structure, when another person other than an
       accomplice of the offender is present, with purpose to commit in the structure or in
       the separately secured or separately occupied portion of the structure any criminal
       offense;

       “(2) Trespass in an occupied structure or in a separately secured or separately
       occupied portion of an occupied structure that is a permanent or temporary
       habitation of any person when any person other than an accomplice of the offender
       is present or likely to be present, with purpose to commit in the habitation any
       criminal offense;

       “ * * *.”

       {¶ 16} The state proceeded under a theory of complicity, pursuant to R.C. 2923.02,

which provides that “[n]o person, acting with the kind of culpability required for the
commission of an offense, shall * * * (1) Solicit or procure another to commit the

offense; (2) Aid or abet another in committing the offense; (3) Conspire with another to

commit the offense in violation of section 2923.01 of the Revised Code; (4) Cause an

innocent or irresponsible person to commit the offense.”

       {¶ 17} Harris argues that there is insufficient evidence that he committed burglary.

 We disagree.

       {¶ 18} Willis testified Harris initially contacted him to tell him about Thomas’s

condo and ask Willis if he wanted to participate in the burglary. Harris picked him up

and drove Willis and D to Thomas’s house. Harris dropped the two men off near the

condo, then parked his car and returned to the condo.      After Willis broke a window in

Thomas’s living room, Harris assisted him by helping taking pieces of glass out of the

window. Willis testified that Harris put his hand through the window when taking out

pieces of the glass and Harris’s fingerprint was found on the interior of the window.

Harris then went to get the car, but did not return.

       {¶ 19} This court has held that “[i]n proving the element of unlawful entry in the

criminal prosecution of [a] defendant upon a charge of burglary, proof of the insertion of

any part of defendant’s body is sufficient to constitute an entrance.” (Emphasis added.)

State v. Rudolph, Cuyahoga App. No. 92085, 2009-Ohio-5818, ¶18, citing State v.

Cuthbertson (June 1, 1976), Hamilton App. No. C-75362. Thus, Harris’s act of putting

his hand through Thomas’s window constituted the trespass necessary for the burglary.

       {¶ 20} Harris claims that the state failed to present evidence that Harris took a
“substantial step” toward the commission of the burglary because he voluntarily

abandoned his efforts to participate in the crime. Harris cites the attempt statute, R.C.

2923.02, to support his argument that he did not attempt to commit the burglary. But

Harris was not charged with attempt; thus, Harris’s argument that he abandoned the crime

under the meaning of R.C. 2923.02(D) has no merit.1

        {¶ 21} During trial Harris set forth the affirmative defense of termination pursuant

to R.C. 2923.03(E), which provides that it “is an affirmative defense to a charge under

this section that, prior to the commission of or attempt to commit the offense, the actor

terminated his complicity, under circumstances manifesting a complete and voluntary

renunciation of his criminal purpose.” To prove termination, Harris would have to show

that he manifested a complete and voluntary renunciation of his criminal purpose.

        {¶ 22} When questioned by the state if Harris ever told Willis that he was no

longer going to participate in the burglary, Willis responded, “No.”                           Again, Willis

testified that Harris helped him remove some of the glass from the window and told

Willis he was going to get the car and would be right back. Willis testified that Harris’s

car was parked “about 10 minutes” from the condominium, but he only remained at

Thomas’s condo for five to seven minutes after Harris left.                      When Willis saw Harris

later that day, Harris told him that he wanted some of the stolen property, but Willis

refused.     In light of the above, there is insufficient evidence that Harris terminated his

1
 R.C. 2923.02(D) provides for an affirmative defense for an attempt if “the actor abandoned the actor’s effort to
commit the offense or otherwise prevented its commission, under circumstances manifesting a complete and
voluntary renunciation of the actor’s criminal purpose.” Id.
participation in the burglary.

       {¶ 23} The state set forth evidence that Harris planned the burglary, drove the

parties to the scene, and actively participated in the burglary.        Therefore, the state

presented sufficient evidence as to each of the elements of the burglary offenses.

       {¶ 24} The sole assignment of error is overruled.

       Judgment affirmed.

       It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant costs herein taxed.

       The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common

pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s conviction having

been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated. Case remanded to the trial court

for execution of sentence.



       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of

the Rules of Appellate Procedure.


LARRY A. JONES, PRESIDING JUDGE

SEAN C. GALLAGHER, J., and
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., CONCUR
