                                                                           FILED
                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION                             NOV 18 2011

                                                                        MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                      U .S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS




                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

GURDEV SINGH,                                    No. 07-73557

              Petitioner,                        Agency No. A098-846-526

  v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM *
ERIC H. HOLDER JR., United States
Attorney General

              Respondent.



                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                      Argued and Submitted October 26, 2011
                            San Francisco, California

Before: GRABER and IKUTA, Circuit Judges, and KAPLAN,** Senior District
Judge.

       Gurdev Singh, a native and citizen of India, petitions for review of a Board of

Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) order dismissing his appeal from an immigration




        *
         This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
        **
         The Honorable Lewis A. Kaplan, Senior United States District Judge for
the Southern District of New York, sitting by designation.
judge’s (“IJ”) denial of his application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief

under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”).

      We have jurisdiction to review this petition under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review

the agency’s factual findings for substantial evidence and its legal determinations de

novo. See Wakkary v. Holder, 558 F.3d 1049, 1056 (9th Cir. 2009). As the BIA

adopted the IJ’s findings and reasoning, we treat the IJ’s decision as if it were that of

the BIA. See Al-Harbi v. INS, 242 F.3d 882, 887 (9th Cir. 2001).

      We accord deference to the IJ’s credibility determination because she was in the

best position to observe the witness’s tone and demeanor. See Sarvia-Quintanilla v.

INS, 767 F.2d 1387, 1395 (9th Cir. 1985). An IJ may rely on “any relevant factor”

and base a decision on the “totality of the circumstances.” Ren v. Holder, 648 F.3d

1079, 1084-85 (9th Cir. 2011). The factors utilized in making this determination need

not go “to the heart of an applicant’s claim.” Id. at 1084. An IJ, however, must give

the alien an opportunity to explain perceived inconsistencies and may not rely on

trivial inconsistencies or speculation. See, e.g., Kin v. Holder, 595 F.3d 1050, 1056

(9th Cir. 2010) (holding that, after the REAL ID Act, “the IJ must still provide

specific examples of a petitioner’s demeanor that would support this basis for an

adverse credibility determination”) (citing Arulampalam v. Ashcroft, 353 F.3d 679,

686 (9th Cir. 2003)).


                                           2
      The IJ based her adverse credibility determination on several valid factors.

Particularly, she focused on the fact that Singh claimed that he had failed to inquire

of any witnesses regarding his father’s disappearance and presumed kidnapping. She

relied also on conflicting evidence and testimony that Singh presented, including the

fact that he claimed to have joined the All India Sikh Student Federation, which was

the same day that a letter certifying his membership in that group states that he ended

his membership. Finally, the IJ found that Singh’s testimony regarding the back and

knee injuries he had allegedly suffered while imprisoned by the Punjab police

conflicted with the injuries noted in the letter he had provided from his doctor. This

letter stated only that he had suffered bruises.

      We must uphold the IJ’s adverse credibility determination unless the evidence

Singh presented was “so compelling that no reasonable factfinder could fail to find the

requisite fear of persecution.” INS v. Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S. 478, 484 (1992). As

Singh presented no such evidence, there is no basis for overriding the IJ’s

determination that he was not credible. The IJ’s decision therefore is supported by

substantial evidence.

      The record indicates also that the IJ did not make a final determination on the

timeliness of Singh’s filing. As the credibility determination was supported by

substantial evidence and was independently sufficient to resolve Singh’s asylum


                                           3
claim, we need not consider the timeliness of his asylum application. See Hakopian

v. Mukasey, 551 F.3d 843, 845 & n.1 (9th Cir. 2008).

      Because Singh’s claims under the Convention Against Torture rest on the same

statements that the IJ determined not to be credible in his asylum application, the

CAT claim must be rejected. See Farah v. Ashcroft, 348 F.3d 1153, 1157 (9th Cir.

2003). Singh provided no compelling additional evidence to supplement his CAT

claim, but relied on the same testimony, affidavits, and reports that he utilized in

making his asylum and withholding of removal claims. Accordingly, we reject his

CAT claim.

      PETITION DENIED.




                                         4
