[Cite as Cirino v. Cirino, 2011-Ohio-6332.]


STATE OF OHIO                     )                 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                  )ss:              NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF LORAIN                  )

FRANCESCO CIRINO                                    C.A. No.       11CA009959

        Appellant

        v.                                          APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                    ENTERED IN THE
SANDRA CIRINO                                       COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                                                    COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO
        Appellee                                    CASE No.   07DU068677

                                 DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: December 12, 2011



        WHITMORE, Judge.

        {¶1}     Plaintiff-Appellant, Francesco Cirino (“Husband”), appeals from the judgment of

the Lorain County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division. This Court affirms.

                                                I

        {¶2}     Husband filed a complaint for divorce from Defendant-Appellee, Sandra Cirino

(“Wife”), on December 28, 2007. The parties entered into a divorce decree on March 26, 2009.

The decree contained the following provision:

        “IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that [Husband]
        and [Wife] shall each assume the full obligation for payment of his or her own
        individual debts whether incurred during the marriage or since separation and that
        each shall indemnify and save the other harmless therefrom. The term ‘individual
        debt,’ for purposes of this Decree only, shall be defined as any debt held in the
        name of [Husband] or [Wife] only, whether or not incurred for his or her sole
        benefit.

        “[Husband] and [Wife] have represented to the Court, mutually, that they have
        incurred no joint debts, except as may be elsewhere described herein. Should any
        additional joint debts be found to exist which have not been disclosed, whether by
        inadvertence or deliberate non-disclosure, the obligation for payment shall be
        assumed by the party who has incurred the debt.”
                                                 2


Husband and Wife each personally guaranteed a line of credit with J.P. Morgan / Chase Bank

(“Chase”) during their marriage, but there was no outstanding debt associated with Chase

enumerated in the decree. Husband and Wife actually owed $30,000 to Chase at the time of the

divorce because Husband incurred debt during the divorce proceeding without Wife’s

knowledge. Husband later discharged the debt in bankruptcy. Chase then sought to hold Wife

accountable on the debt and filed suit against her in the full amount.

       {¶3}    On September 17, 2009, Wife filed a motion, asking the court show cause

Husband as to why he should not be held in contempt for failing to pay the obligation to Chase.

Wife’s motion also asked the court to award her the attorney fees she incurred. A magistrate

determined that Husband was permitted to discharge the Chase debt in bankruptcy and was not

subject to contempt for failing to pay it. The trial court adopted the magistrate’s decision the

same day, and Wife later filed her objection to the magistrate’s decision.

       {¶4}    The trial court held a hearing on Wife’s objection on December 16, 2010. On

January 12, 2011, the trial court issued a judgment entry, sustaining Wife’s objection.

Specifically, the court found that Husband incurred the joint debt at issue, failed to disclose the

debt to Wife, and was liable for the debt pursuant to the terms of the divorce decree. The court

ordered Husband to hold Wife harmless from the debt and to pay Wife’s attorney fees in the

amount of $3,000.

       {¶5}    Husband now appeals from the trial court’s judgment and raises two assignments

of error for our review.
                                                 3


                                                 II

                                 Assignment of Error Number One

       “THE TRIAL COURT ERRED, AS A MATTER OF LAW WHEN, IT
       OVERRULED THE MAGISTRATE’S DECISION AND ORDERED
       HUSBAND TO HOLD WIFE HARMELSS (sic) FROM THE DEBT, COSTS,
       POTENTIAL ATTORNEY FEES, INTEREST, COSTS AND DEBTS
       ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEBT INCURRED IN CASE NO. 10 CV 166391.”

       {¶6}    In his first assignment of error, Husband argues that the trial court erred by

concluding that he was responsible for the debt owed to Chase. Specifically, he argues that he

was not required to indemnify Wife for joint debts and the court’s ruling amounted to an

improper modification of the divorce decree. We disagree.

       {¶7}    Generally, absent an error of law, “the decision to adopt, reject, or modify a

magistrate’s decision lies within the discretion of the trial court and should not be reversed on

appeal absent an abuse of discretion.” Barlow v. Barlow, 9th Dist. No. 08CA0055, 2009-Ohio-

3788, at ¶5. “In so doing, we consider the trial court’s action with reference to the nature of the

underlying matter.” Tabatabai v. Tabatabai, 9th Dist. No. 08CA0049-M, 2009-Ohio-3139, at

¶18. “An agreed divorce decree, like a separation agreement, is an agreement of the parties that

is made an order of the court. Contract principles apply to the interpretation of such agreements,

and the interpretations are reviewed de novo on appeal as questions of law.” Miller v. Miller, 9th

Dist. No. 10CA0034-M, 2011-Ohio-4299, at ¶22, quoting Zimmer v. Zimmer (Feb. 27, 2001),

10th Dist. No. 00AP383, at *2.

       {¶8}    Wife was the only witness to testify at the hearing on her objections to the

magistrate’s decision. Wife testified that she personally guaranteed a line of credit along with

Husband for their joint business entity, Cirino Enterprises, Inc., shortly before their divorce. She

further testified that at the time Husband filed for divorce the Chase line of credit had a zero
                                                4


balance. Wife introduced an affidavit from a Chase Recovery Officer as well as a transaction

history for the line of credit. The transaction history evidences that $30,000 worth of debt was

incurred between April 2008 and February 2009, one month before the parties finalized their

divorce. Wife testified that she was unaware of the debt, as she did not have access to Cirino

Enterprises, Inc.’s financial records after February 2008. Wife became aware of the debt when

Chase brought suit against her for the outstanding balance on the line of credit. The parties

stipulated before the hearing that Husband discharged his personal loan obligation for the Chase

line of credit through bankruptcy.

       {¶9}    The trial court determined that Husband knowingly and tortiously failed to

disclose the debt that he alone incurred on the Chase line of credit. Accordingly, the court

ordered Husband to hold Wife harmless from the debt. Husband argues that the court’s decision

amounted to an error of law because the parties’ divorce decree does not contain a hold harmless

provision for joint obligations.

       {¶10} As set forth above, the parties’ divorce decree contained an express hold harmless

provision for individual debts. That is, both Husband and Wife agreed to be individually

responsible for any debts incurred in their individual names, regardless of when the debts were

incurred. With regard to joint debts, the decree provided that:

       “[Husband] and [Wife] have represented to the Court, mutually, that they have
       incurred no joint debts, except as may be elsewhere described herein. Should any
       additional joint debts be found to exist which have not been disclosed, whether by
       inadvertence or deliberate non-disclosure, the obligation for payment shall be
       assumed by the party who has incurred the debt.”

Husband acknowledges that an indemnification agreement between he and Wife on joint debts

could obligate him to pay for such a debt and make any such debt non-dischargeable in

bankruptcy. See Wilson v. Wilson, 9th Dist. No. 05CA0078, 2008-Ohio-3195, at ¶18. See, also,
                                                5


Hartz v. Hartz (Dec. 31, 1975), 9th Dist. No. 7903. Yet, Husband points to the absence of “hold

harmless language” in the joint debt portion of the decree as evidence that the parties did not

agree to indemnify one another for joint debts. According to Husband, the court’s ruling

amounts to an improper modification of the divorce decree. See Olson v. Newhouse, 9th Dist.

No. 24755, 2010-Ohio-1349, at ¶13.

       {¶11} Although the joint debt portion of the decree does not employ the specific phrase

“hold harmless,” its plain language imposes an obligation on the parties with regard to

undisclosed, joint debts. Specifically, the decree provides that the obligation for the payment of

undisclosed, joint debts “shall be assumed by the party who has incurred the debt.” The trial

court listened to the testimony at the hearing and concluded that Husband incurred the debt for

the Chase line of credit and failed to disclose the debt to Wife. The court then employed the

plain language of the decree and ordered Husband to assume the debt.

       “The nature of an indemnity relationship is determined by the intent of the parties
       as expressed by the language used. All words used must be taken in their
       ordinary and popular sense ***, and when a *** writing is worded in clear and
       precise terms; when its meaning is evident, and tends to no absurd conclusion,
       there can be no reason for refusing to admit the meaning which *** it naturally
       presents.” (Internal citations, quotations, and alterations omitted.) Worth v. Aetna
       Ca. & Sur. Co. (1987), 32 Ohio St.3d 238, 240-41.

The joint debt portion of the divorce decree did not specifically use the phrase “hold harmless”

or the term “indemnify,” but indemnification is nothing more than “the right of a person, who

has been compelled to pay what another should have paid, to require complete reimbursement.”

Id. at 240. By virtue of the express language of the decree, Husband promised to assume the

obligation for the payment of any undisclosed, joint debt that he incurred. Husband has not

pointed this Court to any law in support of the proposition that particular language was necessary

to create an indemnification obligation. See App.R. 16(A)(7). Even in the absence of the phrase
                                               6


“hold harmless” or the term “indemnify,” the meaning of the joint debt portion of the divorce

decree is clear and precise. See Worth, 32 Ohio St.3d at 240-41. See, also, Columbia Gas of

Ohio, Inc. v. Larson Consolidated, Inc. (Dec. 15, 1999), 9th Dist. No. 98CA007190, at *4.

       {¶12} We do not discern any error on the part of the trial court in concluding that the

parties agreed to indemnify one another for both individual debts and undisclosed, joint debts

that they individually incurred. The trial court did not modify the decree; it merely interpreted

the decree as written. Consequently, the trial court did not err in ordering Husband to hold Wife

harmless on the debt for the Chase line of credit.      Husband’s first assignment of error is

overruled.

                               Assignment of Error Number Two

       “THE TRIAL COURT ERRED, AS A MATTER OF LAW, IN ORDERING
       HUSBAND TO PAY WIFE’S ATTORNEY FEES IN CASE NO. 07 DU
       068677.”

       {¶13} In his second assignment of error, Husband argues that the trial court erred in

ordering him to pay Wife’s attorney fees. Specifically, he argues that the court could not order

him to pay Wife’s attorney fees absent an explicit determination that he was in contempt for

violating the divorce decree. We disagree.

       “In any post-decree motion or proceeding that arises out of an action for divorce,
       *** the court may award all or part of reasonable attorney’s fees and litigation
       expenses to either party if the court finds the award equitable. In determining
       whether an award is equitable, the court may consider the parties’ income, the
       conduct of the parties, and any other relevant factors the court deems appropriate,
       but it may not consider the parties’ assets.” R.C. 3105.73(B).

“[Section] 3105.73 gives the court broad discretion in determining attorney fees. Its award will

not be disturbed on appeal absent a showing of a clear abuse of discretion by the court.”

(Internal citations and quotations omitted.) Miller v. Miller, 9th Dist. No. 07CA0061, 2008-

Ohio-4297, at ¶71.
                                                 7


       {¶14} The trial court awarded Wife attorney fees upon a determination that Husband

“knowingly defraud[ed] and tortuously [(sic)] non-disclose[d] a debt and caused [Wife] to be

irreparably harmed by his unethical, covert and tortuous [(sic)] actions.” The court based its

determination upon the evidence that Husband retained all the financial records for the parties’

joint business, incurred a large amount of debt during the divorce proceeding, and did not inform

anyone that he had done so. Consequently, the court awarded Wife $3,000 in attorney fees. See

Owca v. Owca, 9th Dist. No. 08CA0006-M, 2008-Ohio-6939, at ¶6 (upholding attorney fee

award where the husband incurred legal fees as a result of the wife’s fraudulent conduct).

       {¶15} Husband does not contest the reasonableness of the amount of attorney fees the

trial court imposed here. He only challenges the court’s authority to impose any fees in the

absence of a finding of contempt. Based on R.C. 3105.73(B), however, the trial court had the

authority to award Wife a share of her attorney fees. Husband’s second assignment of error is

overruled.

                                                III

       {¶16} Husband’s assignments of error are overruled.          The judgment of the Lorain

County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, is affirmed.

                                                                              Judgment affirmed.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of

this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
                                                8


       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(E). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellant.




                                                    BETH WHITMORE
                                                    FOR THE COURT



CARR, P. J.
MOORE, J.
CONCUR


APPEARANCES:

DAVID S. ANTHONY, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

JAMES P. REDDY, JR., Attorney at Law, for Appellee.
