[Cite as State v. A.H., 2017-Ohio-7680.]

                              IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

                                   TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT



State of Ohio,                                    :

                 Plaintiff-Appellee,              :
                                                                No. 16AP-487
v.                                                :           (C.P.C. No. 15CR-745)

[A.H.],                                           :       (REGULAR CALENDAR)

                 Defendant-Appellant.             :



                                           D E C I S I O N

                                   Rendered on September 19, 2017


                 On brief: Ron O'Brien, Prosecuting Attorney, and Seth L.
                 Gilbert, for appellee.

                 On brief: Campbell Law, LLC, and April F. Campbell, for
                 appellant.

                   APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
SADLER, J.
          {¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, A.H., appeals from a judgment of the Franklin County
Court of Common Pleas convicting him of rape, in violation of R.C. 2907.02. Before this
court is a counseled brief filed pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). For
the reasons that follow, we affirm.
I. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
          {¶ 2} On February 13, 2015, a Franklin County Grand Jury indicted appellant on
four counts of rape involving two child victims, A.G. and B.G., which occurred between
June 9, 2014 and February 4, 2015. Counts One and Two charged appellant with vaginal
rape of A.G., a person less than 13 years of age. Count Three charged appellant with
vaginal rape of B.G., where appellant purposely compelled B.G. to submit by force or
No. 16AP-487                                                                              2


threat of force. Count Four charged appellant with rape by digital penetration where
appellant compelled B.G. to submit by force or threat of force.
       {¶ 3} The children's mother, T.G., met appellant in 2010 and the two began a
sexual relationship. Two or three years later, T.G. moved herself and her two girls, A.G.
and B.G., into a residence with appellant and several other individuals on Livingston
Avenue in Columbus, Ohio. After two months, appellant, T.G., and her two girls moved
into a two-bedroom residence on Atwood Terrace in Columbus, Ohio, with appellant's
friend. According to witnesses, appellant and T.G. slept in one bedroom and the two girls
slept on the couch in the living room. The friend slept in the other bedroom. B.G. was 13
years old at the time and A.G. was 6 or 7 years old.
       {¶ 4} Following a voir dire of A.G. for competency, the trial court found A.G.
competent to give testimony in this matter. According to A.G., appellant "raped" her on
more than one occasion while she was living with him at the Atwood Terrace residence.
(Tr. Vol. II at 228.) A.G. testified that appellant did so by touching her "front area" with
his "bottom area." (Tr. Vol. II at 228, 229.) She described appellant's "bottom area" as
the area he used to go to the bathroom. A.G. related that her mom would touch appellant
while appellant was touching her. A.G. stated that appellant raped her "the first time"
when she was six or seven years old. (Tr. Vol. II at 230.) When she told her mom that she
did not like it when appellant touched her, the touching stopped for "a little" while but
continued when her mom was not around. (Tr. Vol. II at 235.) A.G. testified that
appellant also tried to make her touch him. According to A.G., she walked in on appellant
when he was touching her older sister B.G. in the same way. A.G. stated that her mom
was on the bed with appellant and B.G. at the time.
       {¶ 5} On February 7, 2015, A.G. told her friend's mother, R.D., about the sexual
abuse by appellant. R.D. testified that her home is four doors down from A.G.'s home and
that A.G. was visiting with her daughter on February 7, 2015. According to R.D., A.G.
began crying and told R.D. that she was scared to go home because appellant was raping
her while her mother held her down. R.D. immediately called the Columbus Division of
Police, who dispatched an officer to her home. Officer Ian Pruitt responded to the call.
After speaking with R.D. and A.G., Pruitt contacted the sexual assault unit.
No. 16AP-487                                                                                 3


       {¶ 6} A.G. was taken to Nationwide Children's Hospital where Candell Looman
conducted an interview. Looman is a licensed social worker with specialized training as a
forensic child interviewer.      According to Looman, A.G. described sexual abuse by
appellant, with the aide of an anatomical doll. A.G. told Looman that appellant had taken
his pants off and tried to put his "thing" into her "private." (Tr. Vol. II at 324.) Looman
understood A.G. to mean that appellant attempted to put his penis in her vagina. A.G.
told Looman that on another occasion appellant put his thing "on her" private but that
A.G. was not able to clarify whether that meant inside or outside of her vagina. (Tr. Vol. II
at 325.) A.G. told Looman that her mother would spank her if she tried to get away from
appellant. A.G. also told Looman that "the last instance" of rape occurred just three days
earlier. (Tr. Vol. IV at 709.)
       {¶ 7} A.G.'s older sister B.G. was 14 years old at the time of trial. She testified that
appellant started sexually abusing her when the family lived at the Livingston Avenue
residence. She stated that the she, A.G., her mother, and appellant all slept on the floor
because they did not have a bed. According to B.G., she woke one evening to see her
mother and appellant having sex and that appellant reached down her pants. B.G. stated
that appellant put his hand inside her vagina and "it kind of hurt * * * like cutting me or
something sharp." (Tr. Vol. II at 262.) She claimed that appellant repeated this conduct
on several other occasions.
       {¶ 8} After the move to the Atwood Terrace residence, appellant continued to
sexually abuse B.G. B.G. testified that on one occasion while her mother was in the
bathroom and she was sleeping in bed, appellant woke her, rolled her over, opened her
legs, and tried to stick his penis in her vagina. According to B.G., appellant was holding
his penis and attempting to guide it into her vagina. B.G. testified that as appellant did
this, she "felt a pinch" and "it hurt." (Tr. Vol. II at 267.) The prosecutor followed up on
this testimony as follows:
               Q. Where did you feel the pinch?

               A. Like on my vagina.

               Q. So some of his penis touched your vagina hole is what
               you're saying to the point where you feel a pinch inside?
No. 16AP-487                                                                                 4


               A. (Witness nods.)

(Tr. Vol. II at 267.)
        {¶ 9} B.G. related that during the next incident, appellant became more
aggressive, telling her that he wanted to take her virginity. B.G. testified that on several
occasions, appellant "put his tongue on my vagina and did stuff down there. Like instead
of using his penis, he used his tongue." (Tr. Vol. II at 269.) During a subsequent visit
from her father, R.G., B.G. slipped him a note informing him that she wanted to live with
him. She did not give a reason in the note. After he received the note, R.G. picked up B.G.
from school in the afternoon and moved her into his home in Grove City, Ohio. Though
T.G. had legal custody of B.G. pursuant to a divorce decree, she did not object when B.G.
moved out.
        {¶ 10} Jennifer Sherfield, a licensed social worker and forensic interviewer/mental
health advocate, interviewed B.G. shortly after A.G. revealed appellant's sexual abuse.
According to Sherfield, B.G. cried as she described the sexual abuse by appellant. B.G.
told Sherfield that appellant tried to take her virginity. B.G. described an incident where
she was sleeping in the bedroom wearing only a T-shirt and appellant woke her, rolled her
over, and began rubbing his penis as he attempted to guide his penis into her vagina. B.G.
described a pinching sensation and "poking" that "felt like it was tearing the hole of her
vagina." (Tr. Vol. III at 503-04.) B.G. told Sherfield that when she informed her mother
about the incident, her mother "hit her upside the head and said that she was trying to
break them up and called her unloyal." (Tr. Vol. III at 504.) B.G. described another
incident where her mother told her to let appellant perform sexual acts on her while her
mother watched. "She talked about his fingers going inside of her vagina." (Tr. Vol. III at
504.)
        {¶ 11} T.G. agreed to testify for the prosecution, pursuant to a written agreement
which required her to plead guilty to two of the four rape charges against her, and to
testify truthfully at the criminal proceedings against appellant. In return for her
testimony, the prosecutor agreed to recommend a ten-year mandatory prison sentence,
registration as a Tier III sex offender, and five years of post-release control. At trial, when
the prosecutor asked T.G. why she was there, she answered: "To testify against my co-
No. 16AP-487                                                                                5


defendant and to tell the truth about what happened against my daughters -- for my
daughters and what happened." (Tr. Vol. III at 561.) T.G. testified that appellant sexually
assaulted both of her daughters in her presence and that she "participated" in the abuse.
(Tr. Vol. III at 589.)
       {¶ 12} T.G. stated that on two occasions, she witnessed appellant licking A.G.'s
vagina. On another occasion, she witnessed appellant rubbing his penis on A.G.'s vagina
and putting it inside her vagina. On that occasion, she was in the bed with appellant and
her daughter. T.G. recalled that A.G. had just gotten out of the shower and had gotten in
bed with a towel wrapped around her. T.G. testified regarding the incident as follows:
               Q. What do you mean that he was rubbing his penis on her
               vagina?

               A. He was taking his penis and rubbing his penis on her
               vagina.

               Q. What part of her vagina?

               A. Her vagina -- inside her vagina, like her vagina.

               Q. Between the lips of her vagina?

               A. Yeah, yes.

(Tr. Vol. III at 590.)
       {¶ 13} When the prosecutor asked T.G. how many times she saw appellant rubbing
his penis on A.G.'s vagina in this manner, she responded "[l]ike maybe a couple times."
(Tr. Vol. III at 592.)    According to T.G., she cried when appellant began sexually
assaulting her daughter and told appellant to stop. T.G. stated that when she tried to stop
appellant, "he would tell me to shut up and stuff like that and he would smack me." (Tr.
Vol. III at 591.) T.G. testified that she saw appellant abuse A.G. in this manner "[l]ike two
or three times. * * * It was mostly with [B.G.]." (Tr. Vol. III at 592.) T.G. stated that A.G.
was eight years old when the abuse occurred. With regard to the abuse of her thirteen-
year-old daughter B.G., T.G. testified that she witnessed appellant licking B.G.'s vagina on
more than one occasion. On one such occasion, appellant did so while having intercourse
No. 16AP-487                                                                              6


with T.G. T.G. also witnessed appellant put his fingers inside B.G.'s vagina. She also
recalled appellant mentioning that he wanted to take B.G.'s virginity.
       {¶ 14} Appellant took the witness stand in his own defense and denied the
allegations of sexual abuse. According to appellant, A.G., B.G., and T.G. lied to the jury
for no reason.
       {¶ 15} The jury convicted appellant of Counts One and Two of the indictment,
charging appellant with rape of A.G. The jury also convicted appellant of Counts Three
and Four of the indictment, charging appellant with rape of B.G. The trial court convicted
appellant of all four counts of rape and sentenced appellant to concurrent prison terms of
life without parole as to Counts One and Two, and concurrent prison terms of 11 years as
to Counts Three and Four. The trial court ordered appellant to serve Counts One and
Three consecutive to one another.
       {¶ 16} Though appellant timely appealed to this court from the judgment of the
trial court, his appellate counsel elected to file an Anders brief on appellant's behalf. In
State v. Matthews, 10th Dist. No. 11AP-532, 2012-Ohio-1154, this court reviewed the
procedure an appellate court must follow as established in Anders:
                 In Anders, the United States Supreme Court held that if, after
                 a conscientious examination of the record, a defendant's
                 counsel concludes that the case is wholly frivolous, she should
                 so advise the court and request permission to withdraw. Id. at
                 744. Counsel must accompany her request with a brief
                 identifying anything in the record that could arguably support
                 the client's appeal. Id. Counsel also must: (1) furnish the
                 client with a copy of the brief and request to withdraw; and (2)
                 allow the client sufficient time to raise any matters that the
                 client chooses. Id.

Matthews at ¶ 9.
       {¶ 17} Here, appellant's counsel filed a brief, pursuant to Anders, in which he
asserted two potential assignments of error for our review. Additionally, in accordance
with Anders, counsel furnished appellant with a copy of the brief and motion, "along with
a letter explaining Appellant's right to file a pro se brief in this matter." (Feb. 20, 2017
Mot. to Withdraw.) After receiving the Anders brief filed by counsel, this court notified
appellant of his appellate counsel's representations, granted counsel's motion to
No. 16AP-487                                                                              7


withdraw, and granted appellant leave until April 24, 2017 to file a supplemental brief.
(Feb. 22, 2017 Entry.) Appellant did not file a supplemental brief.
       {¶ 18} Where a defendant does not file a pro se brief in response to an Anders
brief, an appellate court will examine the potential assignment of error and the entire
record below to determine if the appeal lacks merit. State v. Cooper, 10th Dist. No. 09AP-
511, 2009-Ohio-6275. "After fully examining the proceedings below, if we find only
frivolous issues on appeal, we then may proceed to address the case on its merits without
affording appellant the assistance of counsel." Matthews at ¶ 10, citing Penson v. Ohio,
488 U.S. 75, 80 (1988). However, if we conclude that there are nonfrivolous issues for
appeal, we must afford appellant the assistance of counsel to address those issues. Anders
at 744; Penson at 80.
II. POTENTIAL ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
       {¶ 19} Appellant asserts two potential assignments of error as follows:
              [1.] Are [appellant's] rape convictions insufficiently supported
              by the evidence, or against the manifest weight of the
              evidence?

              [2.] Did the trial court err in deciding not to instruct the jury
              on the lesser-included offense of sexual battery for counts
              three and four?

III. LEGAL ANALYSIS
       A. First Potential Assignment of Error
       {¶ 20} In appellant's first potential assignment of error, appellant argues that his
convictions are not supported by sufficient evidence and are against the manifest weight
of the evidence. We disagree.
       {¶ 21} Sufficiency of the evidence is a legal standard that tests whether the
evidence is legally adequate to support a verdict. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380,
386 (1997). Whether the evidence is legally sufficient to support a verdict is a question of
law, not fact. Id. In determining whether the evidence is legally sufficient to support a
conviction, " '[t]he relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most
favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential
elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt.' " State v. Robinson, 124 Ohio
No. 16AP-487                                                                                 8


St.3d 76, 2009-Ohio-5937, ¶ 34, quoting State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259 (1991),
paragraph two of the syllabus. A verdict will not be disturbed unless, after viewing the
evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, it is apparent that reasonable minds
could not reach the conclusion reached by the trier of fact. State v. Treesh, 90 Ohio St.3d
460, 484 (2001).
       {¶ 22} In a sufficiency of the evidence inquiry, appellate courts do not assess
whether the prosecution's evidence is to be believed but whether, if believed, the evidence
supports the conviction. State v. Yarbrough, 95 Ohio St.3d 227, 2002-Ohio-2126, ¶ 79-
80 (evaluation of witness credibility not proper on review for sufficiency of evidence);
State v. Bankston, 10th Dist. No. 08AP-668, 2009-Ohio-754, ¶ 4 (noting that "in a
sufficiency of the evidence review, an appellate court does not engage in a determination
of witness credibility; rather, it essentially assumes the state's witnesses testified
truthfully and determines if that testimony satisfies each element of the crime"). Further,
"the testimony of one witness, if believed by the jury, is enough to support a conviction."
State v. Strong, 10th Dist. No. 09AP-874, 2011-Ohio-1024, ¶ 42. In re C.S., 10th Dist. No.
11AP-667, 2012-Ohio-2988, ¶ 29, quoting State v. West, 10th Dist. No. 06AP-111, 2006-
Ohio-6259, ¶ 16 ("[A] 'victim's testimony alone is sufficient to support the conviction for
sexual assault.' ").
       {¶ 23} "Even though supported by sufficient evidence, a conviction may still be
reversed as being against the manifest weight of the evidence." State v. McCombs, 10th
Dist. No. 15AP-245, 2015-Ohio-3848, ¶ 3, citing Thompkins at 387. "While sufficiency of
the evidence is a test of adequacy regarding whether the evidence is legally sufficient to
support the verdict as a matter of law, the criminal manifest weight of the evidence
standard addresses the evidence's effect of inducing belief." State v. Cassell, 10th Dist.
No. 08AP-1093, 2010-Ohio-1881, ¶ 38.
       {¶ 24} When presented with a manifest-weight challenge, an appellate court may
not merely substitute its view for that of the trier of fact but must review the entire record,
weigh the evidence and all reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of witnesses,
and determine whether, in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact clearly lost
its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be
reversed and a new trial ordered. Thompkins at 387, citing State v. Martin, 20 Ohio
No. 16AP-487                                                                                9


App.3d 172, 175 (1st Dist.1983). An appellate court should reserve reversal of a conviction
as being against the manifest weight of the evidence for only the most " 'exceptional case
in which the evidence weighs heavily against the conviction.' " Thompkins at 387, quoting
Martin at 175.
       {¶ 25} In conducting a manifest weight of the evidence review, we may consider
the credibility of the witnesses. State v. Cattledge, 10th Dist. No. 10AP-105, 2010-Ohio-
4953, ¶ 6. However, in conducting such review, "we are guided by the presumption that
the jury, or the trial court in a bench trial, 'is best able to view the witnesses and observe
their demeanor, gestures and voice inflections, and use these observations in weighing the
credibility of the proffered testimony.' " Id., quoting Seasons Coal Co., Inc. v. Cleveland,
10 Ohio St.3d 77, 80 (1984).       "Accordingly, we afford great deference to the jury's
determination of witness credibility." State v. Albert, 10th Dist. No 14AP-30, 2015-Ohio-
249, ¶ 14. "Mere disagreement over the credibility of witnesses is not a sufficient reason
to reverse a judgment on manifest weight grounds." State v. Harris, 10th Dist. No. 13AP-
770, 2014-Ohio-2501, ¶ 25, discretionary appeal not allowed, 140 Ohio St.3d 1455, 2014-
Ohio-4414, citing State v. G.G., 10th Dist. No. 12AP-188, 2012-Ohio-5902, ¶ 7.
       1. The Convictions Are Supported by Sufficient Evidence
       {¶ 26} R.C. 2907.02 defines the offense of rape, in relevant part, as follows:
              (A)(1) No person shall engage in sexual conduct with another
              who is not the spouse of the offender * * * when any of the
              following applies:

              ***

              (b) The other person is less than thirteen years of age,
              whether or not the offender knows the age of the other person.

              ***

              (2) No person shall engage in sexual conduct with another
              when the offender purposely compels the other person to
              submit by force or threat of force.

       {¶ 27} "Sexual conduct" is defined in R.C. 2907.01(A), in relevant part, as "vaginal
intercourse between a male and female; * * * and, without privilege to do so, the insertion,
however slight, of any part of the body or any instrument, apparatus, or other object into
No. 16AP-487                                                                              10


the vaginal * * * opening of another. Penetration, however slight, is sufficient to complete
vaginal * * * intercourse." "In this context, the vaginal opening includes the labia majora."
State v. Carroll, 10th Dist. No. 15AP-409, 2015-Ohio-5577, ¶ 34, citing State v. Gilbert,
10th Dist. No. 04AP-933, 2005-Ohio-5536, ¶ 35-36.
       {¶ 28} With respect to victim A.G, the testimony provides sufficient evidence for
the jury to find, beyond a reasonable doubt, that appellant engaged in sexual conduct with
her as R.C. 2907.01(A) defines that term and that appellant committed rape as defined in
R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b). Under R.C. 2907.01 and 2907.02, insertion, however slight, of any
part of the body into the vaginal cavity of another is sufficient to complete vaginal
intercourse. State v. Edinger, 10th Dist. No. 05AP-31, 2006-Ohio-1527, ¶ 41. A.G.
testified that appellant had taken his pants off and tried to put his "thing" into her
"private." (Tr. Vol. II at 324.) Looman understood A.G. to mean that appellant attempted
to put his penis in her vagina. A.G. testified that appellant raped her the first time when
she was six or seven years old and the last time when she was eight years old. T.G.
testified that she witnessed appellant stick his penis inside A.G.'s vagina more than once.
Such testimony, when viewed in a light most favorable to the prosecution, is sufficient to
prove appellant's guilt of two counts of rape beyond a reasonable doubt.
       {¶ 29} With regard to B.G., the testimony provides sufficient evidence for the jury
to find, beyond a reasonable doubt, that appellant engaged in sexual conduct with her as
R.C. 2907.01(A) defines that term and that appellant committed rape as defined in R.C.
2907.02(A)(2). B.G. testified that appellant had inserted his hand into her vagina on one
occasion and that she "felt a pinch" and "it hurt" when appellant attempted to guide his
penis into her vagina on another occasion. (Tr. Vol. II at 267.) T.G. responded in the
affirmative when the prosecutor asked her if she had witnessed appellant rubbing his
penis between the lips of B.G.'s vagina. Such testimony, when viewed in a light most
favorable to the prosecution is sufficient to establish that appellant engaged in "sexual
conduct" with B.G. on more than one occasion.          Id. (rape conviction supported by
sufficient evidence of sexual conduct where defendant admitted placing his finger inside
the victim's vagina); State v. Childers, 10th Dist. No. 96APA05-640 (Dec. 19, 1996)
("entry of the anterior of the female genital organ, known as the vulva or labia, is
sufficient penetration to constitute rape").
No. 16AP-487                                                                                 11


       {¶ 30} As to the use of force or threat of force required for a rape conviction, the
Supreme Court of Ohio has stated that " '[f]orce need not be overt and physically brutal,
but can be subtle and psychological. As long as it can be shown that the rape victim's will
was overcome by fear or duress, the forcible element of rape can be established.' " State v.
Eskridge, 38 Ohio St.3d 56, 58-59 (1988), quoting State v. Fowler, 27 Ohio App.3d 149,
154 (8th Dist.1985). When " 'confronted with a child being told to do something by an
important figure of authority, and commanded not to tell anyone about it [there is]
nothing unreasonable about a finding that the child's will was overcome.' " Eskridge at
59, quoting Fowler at 154. Consequently, under such circumstances, the forcible element
of rape properly is established. Eskridge at 59.
       {¶ 31} Here, B.G. testified that she was crying while appellant sexually assaulted
her and that she was "scared * * * to know that my mom wouldn't help me." (Tr. Vol. II at
268.) When the prosecutor asked B.G. why she did not tell anyone about the sexual
abuse, she answered "I would never bring up anything like this because I was always
scared at the time because I was worried about my mom because I thought he was a scary
man. Like he -- the stuff I heard about him, like I thought he could possibly kill my mom
or something." (Tr. Vol. II at 269.) B.G. also told Sherfield that when she moved her leg
to stop appellant from trying to enter her vagina, he "slapped her leg and left the room."
(Tr. Vol. III at 504.) B.G. testified that she decided to write the note to her father because
"when I said no this time, [appellant] was being more like aggressive." (Tr. Vol. II at 268.)
T.G. testified that appellant was frequently verbally and physically abusive to her and that
the children witnessed this behavior.       Such evidence, when viewed in a light most
favorable to the prosecution, is sufficient to establish the use of force or the threat of force
necessary to sustain appellant's conviction of two counts of rape against B.G. beyond a
reasonable doubt.
       2. Appellant's Convictions Are Not Against the Manifest Weight of the
          Evidence

       {¶ 32} As set out above, the testimony of the two victims, if believed, is sufficient to
sustain appellant's convictions for rape.        As to the weight of the evidence, T.G.
corroborated the essential details of her daughters' testimonies regarding the sexual abuse
by appellant. Appellant's trial counsel pointed out on cross-examination that T.G. had
No. 16AP-487                                                                                12


"cut a deal" with the prosecutor in exchange for her testimony. (Tr. Vol. III at 604.) We
note that although T.G. did escape a possible life sentence, her agreement with the
prosecutor required her to plead guilty to rape against both of her daughters and that, in
addition to Tier III sexual offender registration and five years of post-release control, T.G.
agreed to a recommended prison sentence of ten years without the possibility of an early
release. T.G. also admitted that she participated in the sexual abuse by appellant and that
in doing so, she "fail[ed]" both of her daughters. (Tr. Vol. III at 634.) It was the job of the
jury to assess T.G.'s credibility and to determine whether T.G. testified falsely.
Thompkins; Albert. Given the consistency in the trial testimony of the two victims with
the testimony of their mother who witnessed the abuse, we cannot say that the jury lost its
way in resolving issues of weight and credibility in reaching their verdict. Moreover, as
noted above, in her interview with Looman, A.G.'s description of the sexual abuse she
suffered at appellant's hands was consistent with A.G.'s trial testimony. Similarly, in her
interview with Sherfield, B.G. told essentially the same story of appellant's sexual abuse
that she told the jury at trial.
       {¶ 33} Appellant testified that the victims and their mother lied to the jury, and he
denied sexual conduct with either of the two victims. The jury obviously disbelieved
appellant. We afford great deference to the jury's determination of witness credibility.
Albert at ¶ 14. In our view, the record contains overwhelming evidence of appellant's guilt
of the offenses of which he was convicted, his denials notwithstanding.
       {¶ 34} For the foregoing reasons, appellant's first potential assignment of error is
overruled.
       B. Second Potential Assignment of Error
       {¶ 35} In his second potential assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial
court abused its discretion by failing to instruct the jury that they could find appellant
guilty of sexual battery as to the two counts in the indictment related to B.G. Specifically,
appellant's trial counsel requested a jury charge on the offense of sexual battery as defined
in R.C. 2907.03(A)(5).       R.C. 2907.03(A)(5) defines the offense of sexual battery, in
relevant part, as follows:
               No person shall engage in sexual conduct with another, not
               the spouse of the offender, when any of the following apply:
No. 16AP-487                                                                               13


              ***

              The offender is the other person's natural or adoptive parent,
              or a stepparent, or guardian, custodian, or person in loco
              parentis of the other person.

       {¶ 36} "R.C. 2907.03(A)(5) prohibits incestuous conduct, defining it in broader
terms than formerly, so as to include not only sexual conduct by a natural parent with his
child, but also sexual conduct by a stepparent with his stepchild, a guardian with his ward,
or a custodian or person in loco parentis with his charge." State v. Benson, 81 Ohio
App.3d 697, 701 (4th Dist.1992). "Courts examining R.C. 2907.03(A)(5) have found the
statute clear and unambiguous in its criminalization of all sexual conduct falling within its
purview, regardless of a victim's age or consent." State v. Lowe, 112 Ohio St.3d 507,
2007-Ohio-606, ¶ 14. Thus, R.C. 2907.03(A)(5) applies to a parent or a person in loco
parentis who has consensual sex with his or her adult child. Id. at ¶ 27.
       {¶ 37} "A trial court must give all instructions which are 'relevant and necessary for
the jury to weigh the evidence and discharge its duty as the factfinder.' " State v. Oliveira,
10th Dist. No. 14AP-501, 2015-Ohio-2652, ¶ 9, quoting State v. Joy, 74 Ohio St.3d 178,
181 (1995), citing State v. Comen, 50 Ohio St.3d 206 (1990), paragraph two of the
syllabus. " 'When reviewing a trial court's jury instruction, the proper standard of review
for an appellate court is whether the trial court's refusal to give a requested instruction
was an abuse of discretion under the facts and circumstances of the case.' " Oliveira at
¶ 9, quoting State v. Gover, 10th Dist. No. 05AP-1034, 2006-Ohio-4338, ¶ 22, citing State
v. Wolons, 44 Ohio St.3d 64, 68 (1989).
       {¶ 38} Appellant contends that the trial court erred by refusing to instruct the jury
on the offense of sexual battery under R.C. 2907.03(A)(5) because the evidence shows
that appellant is a person in loco parentis of B.G. The trial court refused to give the
requested instruction because there was no evidence to support a finding that the sexual
conduct with B.G. was consensual. We agree with the trial court.
       {¶ 39} As noted above, B.G.'s testimony is sufficient to permit a jury to find that
appellant compelled her to engage in sexual conduct on more than one occasion by force
or threat of force. Both T.G. and Sherfield corroborated B.G.'s testimony. Appellant
simply denied any sexual conduct with B.G., consensual or otherwise. Appellant did not
No. 16AP-487                                                                               14


advance a theory at trial that B.G consented to sexual conduct, and there is no such
evidence in the record. Thus, appellant was not entitled to a jury instruction on sexual
battery, pursuant to R.C. 2907.03(A)(5), even though the evidence arguably supports a
finding that appellant is a person in loco parentis of B.G. Accordingly, we find that the
trial court did not abuse its discretion in declining to so instruct the jury.
       {¶ 40} For the foregoing reasons, because we find no merit in appellant's second
potential assignment of error, it is overruled.
IV. CONCLUSION
       {¶ 41} Following our review of appellant's two potential assignments of error
asserted in the Anders brief and our independent review of the record, we find that the
potential assignments of error lack merit. Additionally, we are unable to find any
nonfrivolous issues for appeal. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the Franklin
County Court of Common Pleas.
                                                                           Judgment affirmed.

                            KLATT and BRUNNER, JJ., concur.
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