                IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                             AT Knoxville
                            Assigned on Briefs April 12, 2010

       CLYDE RICHARD ASLINGER v. CARRIE LYNNE ASLINGER

              Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Hamilton County
                       No. 07D213    L. Marie Williams, Judge


                 No. E2009-00954-COA-R3-CV - FILED MAY 3, 2010


        This is a divorce case. Father/Appellant appeals the trial court’s decision to designate
Mother/Appellee the primary residential parent of the parties’ two minor children, and the
trial court’s refusal to enter an order restraining the Mother’s paramour from being around
the children. This Court concludes that the evidence does not preponderate against the trial
court’s factual findings, and that the custody decision is not contrary to the children’s best
interests. We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

  Tenn. R. App. P. 3. Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

J. S TEVEN S TAFFORD, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which A LAN E. H IGHERS, P.J.,
W.S., and D AVID R. F ARMER, J., joined.

Alan R. Beard, Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the appellant, Clyde Richard Aslinger.

Carrie Lynee Aslinger, Soddy Daisy, Tennessee, Pro Se.

                                          OPINION

       Appellant Clyde Richard Aslinger and Appellee Carrie Lynne Aslinger were married
on February 28, 1997. Two children were born to the marriage. The parties separated in
December 2006. On January 25, 2007, Mr. Aslinger filed a Complaint for Divorce against
Ms. Aslinger in the Circuit Court at Hamilton County. In his Complaint, Mr. Aslinger
alleged, in relevant part, that Ms. Aslinger had left the marital home, leaving Mr. Aslinger
with sole responsibility for the minor children. According to the Complaint, Ms. Aslinger
had moved into a one-bedroom “shack” on her parents’ property, and had begun staying out
all night “drinking and partying with friends.” In essence, Mr. Aslinger alleged that Ms.
Aslinger’s lifestyle was such that she was unable to provide proper care and stability for the
children. Consequently, Mr. Aslinger asked the court to name him the primary residential
parent of the children. On January 25, 2007, the court entered a temporary custody and
restraining order,1 placing temporary custody of the children with Mr. Aslinger. This order
also gave Ms. Aslinger limited visitation as set out in the proposed parenting plan filed by
Mr. Aslinger.

       On May 23, 2007, Ms. Aslinger filed an answer and counter-complaint. In her
answer, Ms. Aslinger specifically denied the allegations made in Mr. Aslinger’s Complaint.
In her counter-complaint, Ms. Aslinger asked that she be named the primary residential
parent, and that the court adopt her proposed parenting plan.

       On May 23, 2007, Ms. Aslinger also filed a motion asking the court to set shared
parenting time for the minor children during the pendency of the divorce. Concurrent
therewith, Ms. Aslinger also filed a motion asking the court for a hearing on the merits of the
temporary custody order that had been entered on January 25, 2007. Specifically, Ms.
Aslinger alleged that the facts averred in Mr. Aslinger’s complaint for divorce were
insufficient, as a matter of law, to support the court’s temporary custody decision.

       On May 31, 2007, Mr. Aslinger filed a motion and request for temporary restraining
order, seeking to have Ms. Aslinger submit to drug testing, and seeking to prohibit Ms.
Aslinger from “taking the children around her boyfriend, Ricky Smith, pending further
orders.” By order of June 7, 2007, the trial court resolved the parties’ respective motions.
Specifically, the court ordered both parties to submit to “hair follicle drug tests,” and
ordering that the parties “are restrained from taking the children around or having any contact
with [Ms. Aslinger’s] friend, Ricky Smith, pending further orders of the court.”

        On May 29, 2008, Ms. Aslinger filed a motion, seeking to have the temporary
restraining order lifted so that the children could be around Ricky Smith. In support of her
motion, Ms. Aslinger avers that she and Mr. Smith “are expecting a child in about three
months,” that the pregnancy “is considered to be a high risk pregnancy,” and that she “needs
the assistance of Ricky Smith during the last several months of the pregnancy....”

      On August 8, 2008, the court entered an order denying Ms. Aslinger’s request that the
temporary restraining order be lifted This same order also reinstated Ms. Aslinger to the


        1
          We note that the trial court styled the order as a “custody” order. Our legislature amended our
statutes to instruct the courts to replace the traditional custody terminology with the less divisive terminology
related to parenting plans. See Tenn. Code. Ann. § 36-6-404 (2005); JANET L. RICHARDS , RICHARDS ON
TENNESSEE FAM ILY LAW (2D ED .) § 8-2(e) at 184, and 2007 Cum. Supp. At § 8-2(e); Don L. Ash, Bridge
Over Troubled Water: Changing the Custody Law in Tennessee, 27 U. MEM . L. REV .769, 804 (Summer
1997). The trial court’s temporary custody order is equivalent to a temporary parenting plan.

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family bail-bonding business and made certain temporary divisions of marital assets related
to that business. On August 18, 2008, the trial court entered an order, granting Ms. Aslinger
$400 per week in pendente lite support.

        The divorce trial was bifurcated, with the property issues, which are not the subject
of this appeal, being heard in December 2008. On January 23, 2009, the court entered a
memorandum opinion, concerning “child related issues”. The order provides, in relevant
part:

                       Having heard the proof in this cause, the Court finds the
                temporary restraining order [that prohibited Ricky Smith from
                being around the children] was issued based upon false
                allegations. Accordingly, that temporary restraining order is set
                aside. Because the final proof has been heard in this cause, the
                Court will enter the Permanent Parenting Plan which will be
                discussed in this Order.

                        The Court has heard the testimony of the witnesses and
                has interviewed the older child.2 The allegations plaintiff
                Richard Aslinger makes against defendant Carrie Aslinger are
                that she has given birth to a third child fathered by a man named
                Ricky Smith who he contends is a pedophile and a drug addict.
                Further, he contends Carrie Aslinger has been verbally abusive
                to the children and has a violent temper.

                        Carrie Aslinger contends that she has been the primary
                residential parent of the children for most of their lives and that
                Mr. Aslinger only became involved in the children’s lives when
                the divorce was filed. Further, she contends he has significant
                anger issues and it is not in the best interest of the children to
                continue the 50-50 split of parenting time that had been the
                status quo before the final hearing.

                      The Court first will observe that, with the exception of
                the minor child, not a single person who has testified in this


       2
          The record indicates that, the child’s testimony in chambers was captured by a court reporter.
Unfortunately, this transcript was subsequently lost. However, the child’s testimony is preserved in the
record as a Tenn. R. App. P. 24(b) Statement of the Evidence. The child was eleven at the time of the
testimony.

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cause has any credibility. They are all used to having their own
way and exaggerating or withholding information to achieve that
result. The Court draws this conclusion from the demeanor of
the witnesses in open court as well as their testimony. The
Court found the minor child [] to be extremely credible and
remarkably well-adjusted despite the animosity between his
parents.

       The Court finds Carrie Aslinger has the greater ability to
instruct, inspire and encourage the children to prepare for a life
of service and [to] compete successfully in this society that the
children will face as adults.

      Defendant Carrie Aslinger has taken greater
responsibility for parenting the children up until the time the
temporary restraining order was entered.

*                                    *                        *

        Mrs. Aslinger has been the primary caregiver throughout
the lives of these children. Mr. Aslinger was absent from the
home for approximately 20 weeks a year while he was in Japan
as a professional wrestler from the years 2000 to 2005, with the
exception of the time he was being rehabilitated from bilateral
knee surgery.

       Both parents love the children and the children love both
parents.

       The children need a more stable environment than the 50-
50 split in which they have been existing. The lack of
cooperation between the parents has been a great stress factor
for the children. Each parent has certain characteristics that
would help their ability to parent and address the welfare of the
children.

       The children are close and need to be on the same
residential schedule. They now have a half-sister in the
mother’s home.



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                      The stable environment in which the children lived prior
              to the filing of the divorce and the entry of the temporary
              restraining order was in a home in which the Mother was the
              primary parent. While there are allegations of physical and
              emotional abuse on the part of both parties, the Court finds the
              greater physical and emotional abuse is directed by the Father at
              the children. Additionally, the Court finds both parents have
              been physically violent towards each other.

                      The Court has concerns about the character and behavior
              of Ricky Smith whom Carrie Aslinger intends to marry and who
              is the father of her youngest child, which child is the half-sister
              of the two children involved in this litigation. While the Court
              does not find the evidence establishes that Mr. Smith is a
              pedophile as alleged, the Court finds he has numerous character
              flaws and behavioral issues that are not a positive influence on
              the children. Unfortunately, he shares all these characteristics
              with the children’s father. Further, there is no evidence of any
              alleged inappropriate behavior of Ricky Smith directed towards
              these children.

       Based upon the foregoing findings, the trial court named Ms. Aslinger the primary
residential parent of the children. Mr. Aslinger was granted Wednesday, after-school
parenting time until 8:00 p.m., every-other-weekend parenting time, and one week of summer
vacation. The court granted the parties standard vacation and holiday parenting time.

        All remaining issues were adjudicated by the trial court’s Final Decree, which was
filed on April 16, 2009, and by which the parties were granted a divorce. The court
designated Ms. Aslinger as the primary residential parent, and adopted her proposed
parenting plan. The Final Decree also incorporates, by reference, the memorandum opinion
filed on January 23, 2009, supra. Attached to the court’s order is a child support worksheet,
which supports the calculation of child support.

       Mr. Aslinger appeals, and raises two issues for review as stated in his brief:

              1. Was the trial court’s decision regarding primary parenting
              responsibility for the minor children contrary to the weight of
              the evidence and contrary to the best interests of the children.

              2. Did the trial court err in refusing to impose restrictions on the

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               children’s contact with Ricky Smith, whether the Mother was
               the primary residential parent or not.

       Because this case was tried by the court sitting without a jury, we review the case de
novo upon the record with a presumption of correctness of the findings of fact by the trial
court. Unless the evidence preponderates against the findings, we must affirm, absent error
of law. See Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d). Furthermore, when the resolution of the issues in a case
depends upon the truthfulness of witnesses, the trial judge who has the opportunity to observe
the witnesses and their manner and demeanor while testifying is in a far better position than
this Court to decide those issues. See McCaleb v. Saturn Corp., 910 S.W.2d 412, 415 (Tenn.
1995); Whitaker v. Whitaker, 957 S.W.2d 834, 837 (Tenn. Ct. App.1997). The weight, faith,
and credit to be given to any witness' testimony lies, in the first instance, with the trier of fact,
and the credibility accorded will be given great weight by the appellate court. Id.; see also
Walton v. Young, 950 S.W.2d 956, 959 (Tenn.1997). “If the trial court’s factual
determinations are based on its assessment of witness credibility, this Court will not
reevaluate that assessment absent clear and convincing evidence to the contrary.”
Heffington v. Heffington, No. M2009-00434-COA-R3-CV, 2010 WL 623629 (Tenn. Ct.
App. Feb. 19, 2010).

                                  Permanent Parenting Plan

        In any action for absolute divorce involving a minor child, the trial court must
incorporate into its final decree a permanent parenting plan. Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-404(a).
A permanent parenting plan is defined as a “written plan for the parenting and best interests
of the child, including the allocation of parenting responsibilities and the establishment of
a residential schedule, as well as an award of child support....” Tenn.Code Ann. §
36-6-402(3)(2000). In making its decision regarding entry of a permanent parenting plan, the
trial court should consider the factors set out at Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-404(b) (2005).
While the trial court is obligated to consider all of the relevant factors in reaching its
decision, it is not required to list in its opinions or orders each of those factors, nor its
conclusion as to how a factor affected the overall determination. Coley v. Coley,
M2007-00655-COA-R3-CV, 2008 WL 5206297, *6 (Tenn. Ct. App. December 12, 2008).

       On appeal, Mr. Aslinger contends that the trial court’s decision to designate Ms.
Aslinger as the primary residential parent was not supported by the weight of the evidence
and that the decision is contrary to the best interests of these children. We disagree.
Following our review of the entire record, we first note that the trial court’s findings of fact,
as set out in the memorandum opinion above, are very much in line with the testimony
adduced at the hearings. By his own testimony, Mr. Aslinger admits that, during most of the
marriage, he was working abroad for up to twenty weeks per year. Ms. Aslinger testified

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that, because of Mr. Aslinger’s frequent absences from the marital home, she was responsible
for the children’s day-to-day care. Mr. Aslinger does not dispute this testimony; however,
we note that, based upon the temporary order of custody filed in this case, Mr. Aslinger has
taken a more active role with his children since the filing of this divorce action. However,
the Statement of the Evidence concerning the older child’s in camera testimony, reveals that
the child stated that his mother is the primary caregiver, and that he wishes to live with her.
Without disclosing too much of the child’s sensitive testimony, the child expressed some fear
of his father, and a desire to live in his mother’s household.

       Our review of the evidence reveals that both parents have been physically abusive
toward each other. While there is no concrete indication of physical abuse toward the
children, this Court, as did the trial court, has some concerns about Mr. Aslinger’s
disciplinary methods. However, we cannot go so far as to conclude that either parent poses
a threat to these children, physically or otherwise.

       From the record as a whole, and in light of the relevant factors set out at Tenn. Code
Ann. § 36-6-404(b), we conclude that the evidence does not preponderate against the trial
court’s findings, nor does the evidence preponderate against the trial court’s decision to name
Ms. Aslinger the primary residential parent. Moreover, the trial court made a credibility
determination and specifically found that Mr. Aslinger’s allegations were false, and that
neither Mr. Aslinger, nor any other adult that testified, had any credibility. After reviewing
the record, we do not find that there is clear and convincing evidence to contradict the trial
court’s findings on the credibility of the parties. We agree with the trial court that Ms.
Aslinger’s home will provide a more stable environment for these children, who are already
accustomed to their mother being their primary parent.

                                        Ricky Smith

        On appeal, Mr. Aslinger argues that Ms. Aslinger’s paramour, Mr. Smith, poses a
substantial risk to these children. While there is testimony in the record indicating that Mr.
Smith has acted inappropriately around young girls, there is no indication that he has ever
acted inappropriately around the children at issue in this appeal. However, the trial court’s
specific determination that none of the witnesses, with the exception of the child, are
credible, bears heavily on the weight this Court vests in the testimony concerning Mr.
Smith’s alleged behaviors. Moreover, in setting aside the temporary restraining order, the
trial court specifically found that the order had been procured through false testimony against
Mr. Smith, which testimony was proferred by Mr. Aslinger. More importantly, the child, as
the sole credible witness, stated that he had no concerns about being around Mr. Smith, and
that he loved everyone in his mother’s home. Obviously, the trial court believed the child’s
testimony above all others, and we have no reason to question the trial court’s reliance upon

                                              -7-
the child’s testimony. Mr. Aslinger has not pointed this Court to, nor have we found, clear
and convincing evidence to contradict the trial court’s credibility findings. Considering the
trial court’s findings of credibility, we cannot conclude that the evidence preponderates
against the trial court’s findings concerning Mr. Smith, nor can we conclude that the
children’s best interests are undermined by the court’s ultimate decision to name Ms.
Aslinger the primary residential parent, and to decline Mr. Aslinger’s request that Mr. Smith
not be permitted around the children.

       For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the order of the trial court. Costs of this appeal
are assessed against the Appellant, Clyde Richard Aslinger, and his surety.




                                                   _________________________________

                                                   J. STEVEN STAFFORD, JUDGE




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