UNITED STATES ARMY COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
                                           Before
                              CAMPANELLA, HERRING, and PENLAND
                                    Appellate Military Judges

                                  UNITED STATES, Appellee
                                               v.
                             Private First Class ISAIAH L. DAVIS
                                United States Army, Appellant

                                          ARMY 20150587

                                 Headquarters, Fort Carson
                            Lanny J. Acosta, Jr., Military Judge
                       Colonel Gregg A. Engler, Staff Judge Advocate

For Appellant: Lieutenant Colonel Charles A. Lozano, JA; Captain Heather L.
Tregle, JA; Captain Matthew D. Bernstein, JA (on reply brief); Lieutenant Colonel
Melissa R. Covolesky, JA; Captain Ryan T. Yoder, JA; Captain Matthew D.
Bernstein, JA (on brief).

For Appellee: Lieutenant Colonel A. G. Courie III, JA; Major Anne C. Hsieh, JA
(on brief).


                                         14 October 2016
                                    ---------------------------------
                                    SUMMARY DISPOSITION
                                    ---------------------------------

     This opinion is issued as an unpublished opinion and, as such, does not serve as precedent.

Per Curiam:

          A military judge sitting as a general court-martial convicted appellant,
    pursuant to his pleas, of absence without leave, failure to report, two specifications
    of failure to obey a lawful order, three specifications of wrongful use of a
    controlled substance (marijuana), and four specifications of larceny, in violation of
    Articles 86, 92, 112a, and 121, Uniform Code of Military Justice, 10 U.S.C. §§
    886, 892, 912a, 921 (2012) [hereinafter UCMJ]. The military judge sentenced
    appellant to a bad-conduct discharge and confinement for twenty-one * months and
    credited appellant with eighty-two days of pretrial confinement credit. The
    convening authority approved the pre-trial confinement credit and the sentence

*
 Appellant’s brief is incorrect in stating “The military judge sentenced PFC Davis to
2 months confinement and a bad conduct discharge.”
DAVIS—ARMY 20150587

except that, pursuant to a pretrial agreement, the convening authority approved
only so much of the adjudged sentence as provided for a bad-conduct discharge and
confinement for fifteen months.

       This case is before us for review pursuant to Article 66, UCMJ. Appellant
raised two assignments of error regarding ambiguity between the adjudged and
approved findings. We agree there was error and provide relief.

                                   BACKGROUND

      The staff judge advocate recommendation (SJAR) did not list the offenses of
which appellant was convicted. Instead, the Report of Result of Trial (ROT) was
attached to the SJAR, and thus incorporated by reference. The ROT listed
appellant’s Article 112a convictions as “Drugs: Use Schedule I, II, or III Drugs.”
The convening authority’s action approved the sentence without addressing the
findings.

                              LAW AND DISCUSSION

       This court reviews de novo questions of whether post-trial processing was
completed correctly. United States v. Sheffield, 60 M.J. 591, 593 (C.A.A.F. 2004).
When a convening authority does not explicitly address findings in the action, the
convening authority implicitly approves the findings as reported in the SJAR.
United States v. Diaz, 40 M.J. 335, 337 (C.M.A. 1994). Where there is an
unresolvable ambiguity between the adjudged and approved findings, a case should
be returned for a new SJAR and convening authority initial action. United States v.
Alexander, 63 M.J. 269, 275-76 (C.A.A.F. 2006). Here, because we cannot
determine whether the convening authority considered and approved the adjudged
findings, we find unresolvable error.

      The military judge found appellant guilty of “wrongfully using marijuana,”
under Article 112a(a)(b)(1), not Article 112a(a)(b)(2) or (3), which refers to “any
substance not specified in clause (1) that is listed on a schedule of controlled
substances prescribed by the President” and “any other substance . . . that is listed in
Schedules I through V of section 202 of the Controlled Substances Act.”

       The SJAR, which incorporates the ROT, provided the convening authority
with misleading and incorrect advice regarding the offenses of which appellant was
convicted. The government invites this court to find no ambiguity in the findings
approved by the convening authority because: 1) “this court may and should presume
that the convening authority implicitly approved the findings reached by the court-
martial, as there is no material evidence to the contrary;” 2) “the convening
authority’s action approved the sentence without expressly addressing the findings”
and “this is precisely what happens in ‘the typical case;’” and 3) “the pleas and



                                           2
DAVIS—ARMY 20150587

findings described in both the Report of Result of Trial and the Offer to Plead
Guilty, which were provided by the SJA in his recommendation to the convening
authority, are consistent with the findings as adjudged.”

      We decline to make such an illogical leap. The only document that states the
names of the offenses is the ROT, and it misstates them. We find prejudicial error
and set aside the action and return the case for a new SJAR and action.

                                  CONCLUSION

       The convening authority’s action, dated 3 December 2015, is set aside. The
record of trial is returned to The Judge Advocate General for a new SJAR and action
by the same or a different convening authority in accordance with Article 60(c)-(e),
UCMJ.

                                      FOR
                                      FOR THE
                                          THE COURT:
                                              COURT:




                                      MALCOLM H. SQUIRES, JR.
                                      MALCOLM H. SQUIRES, JR.
                                      Clerk
                                      Clerk of
                                            of Court
                                               Court




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