     12-3634-cv
     Landmark Ventures, Inc. v. Wave Systems Corp.

                               UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                   FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
                                             SUMMARY ORDER
     RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT.
     CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007
     IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE
     PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A
     SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY
     MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC
     DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION ASUMMARY ORDER@). A PARTY CITING
     TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT
     REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

 1          At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at
 2   the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York,
 3   on the 12th day of March, two thousand thirteen.
 4
 5           PRESENT: BARRINGTON D. PARKER,
 6                            RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR.,
 7                                                     Circuit Judges,
                                                      *
 8                            JOHN G. KOELTL,
 9                                                     District Judge.
10           ------------------------------------------------------------------
11
12           LANDMARK VENTURES, INC.,
13
14                                            Plaintiff-Appellant,
15
16                                    v.                                          No. 12-3634-cv
17
18           WAVE SYSTEMS CORP., SAFEND LTD., SAFEND
19           INC.,
20
21                                            Defendants-Appellees.
22
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24


             *
               The Honorable John G. Koeltl, of the United States District Court for the Southern
     District of New York, sitting by designation.

                                                          1
 1          FOR APPELLANT:              William B. Flynn, McCabe & Flynn LLP, Rockville
 2                                      Centre, NY.
 3
 4          FOR APPELLEES:              Edward L. Powers, Michael A. Granne, Zukerman
 5                                      Gore Brandeis & Crossman, LLP, New York, NY.
 6
 7          Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern
 8   District of New York (Paul A. Crotty, Judge).
 9          UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED,
10   AND DECREED that the judgment of the District Court is AFFIRMED.
11          Plaintiff-Appellant Landmark Ventures, Inc. (“Landmark”) appeals from a
12   September 5, 2012 judgment dismissing its amended complaint against Defendants-
13   Appellees Safend Inc. (“Safend”), Safend Ltd. (“Limited”), and Wave Systems Corp.
14   (“Wave”) pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The
15   amended complaint alleged that Safend breached a December 20, 2007 contract with
16   Landmark (“the Agreement”) by failing to pay fees for Landmark’s services and by
17   working with a former Landmark employee. The District Court concluded that Landmark
18   failed to state a claim for breach of contract and noted that Landmark’s allegations
19   provided no basis for piercing the corporate veil and reaching Safend’s parent
20   corporations, Limited and Wave. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the facts and
21   record of the prior proceedings, to which we refer only as necessary to explain our
22   decision to affirm.
23          “We review a district court’s dismissal of a complaint pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) de
24   novo. The court accepts all well-pleaded allegations in the complaint as true, drawing all
25   reasonable inferences in the plaintiff's favor.” Operating Local 649 Annuity Trust Fund
26   v. Smith Barney Fund Mgmt. LLC, 595 F.3d 86, 91 (2d Cir. 2010). “Documents that are
27   attached to the complaint or incorporated in it by reference are deemed part of the
28   pleading and may be considered.” Roth v. Jennings, 489 F.3d 499, 509 (2d Cir. 2007).
29   “To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter,

                                                  2
 1   accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal,
 2   556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quotation marks omitted). “Threadbare recitals of the elements
 3   of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Id.
 4          We reject Landmark’s argument that Safend breached the Agreement by failing to
 5   make payments for services rendered. The Agreement provides that it is governed by the
 6   laws of New York. To state a claim for breach of contract under New York law, a
 7   plaintiff must allege “(1) the existence of an agreement, (2) adequate performance of the
 8   contract by the plaintiff, (3) breach of contract by the defendant, and (4) damages.”
 9   Harsco Corp. v. Segui, 91 F.3d 337, 348 (2d Cir. 1996). The amended complaint alleges
10   only that “Landmark has duly performed [its] obligations . . . under the Agreement,” and
11   that “defendants owe Landmark certain sums of money for such Services and ha[ve]
12   failed to account therefor, despite being duly demanded by Plaintiff.” It alleges that while
13   some fees have been paid, “additional amounts are owed.”
14          These allegations are no more than “mere conclusory statements,” Iqbal, 556 U.S.
15   at 678, and do not present sufficient factual matter to state a plausible claim for relief.
16   Assuming the Agreement was a valid contract between the parties, Landmark fails to
17   identify any service it performed for which it was not paid. The Agreement provides that
18   Safend will pay Landmark a “Sales Fee” if Landmark introduces Safend to an executive
19   from a target company and that introduction results in a transaction from which Safend
20   “actually receive[s]” revenues. The amended complaint does not identify a single
21   introduction for which Landmark has not been compensated.1 It also does not allege that


            1
             In its opposition to the defendants’ motion to dismiss, Landmark appended emails
     noting that Safend had received purchase orders from UPS, resulting in a commission for
     Landmark. Because these were not attached to the amended complaint, they are not
     properly considered on a motion to dismiss. See Kramer v. Time Warner Inc., 937 F.2d
     767, 773 (2d Cir. 1991). Further, neither these emails nor Landmark’s brief states that
     Safend actually received revenues from its transaction with UPS, which is a condition
     precedent to Safend’s obligation to pay Sales Fees under the Agreement.
                                                    3
 1   Safend failed to pay monthly “Consulting Fees,” as provided in the Agreement. The
 2   complaint therefore fails to allege a breach of contract, and it fails to state a claim.
 3          We also reject Landmark’s argument that Safend breached the Agreement by
 4   working with former Landmark employee Louis Robert Gallucci less than two years after
 5   he left his job with Landmark. In Paragraph 4 of the Agreement, Safend “agree[d] not to
 6   hire or offer any type of employment opportunities to Landmark Partners and Employees
 7   during the period of engagement plus an additional two (2) years, unless an express
 8   waiver is agreed upon in writing.” The complaint fails to allege that Gallucci was
 9   employed by Landmark at the time when Safend offered him an employment opportunity.
10          “Construing an unambiguous contract provision is a function of the court . . . .”
11   Cruden v. Bank of N.Y., 957 F.2d 961, 976 (2d Cir. 1992). By its own terms, Paragraph
12   4 applies only to “Landmark Partners and Employees,” not former employees. Contrary
13   to Landmark’s reading of the provision, “the period of engagement plus an additional two
14   (2) years” refers to the period of engagement between Landmark and Safend, not between
15   Landmark and the employee. The word “engagement” is used throughout the contract to
16   refer to the relationship between Landmark and Safend. Paragraph 4 unambiguously
17   forbids Safend only from hiring or offering employment to persons who are Landmark
18   partners and employees at the time of Safend’s offer; in other words, it prevents Safend
19   from “poaching” Landmark’s employees. Safend did not breach the Agreement by
20   working with Gallucci after he left his employment with Landmark.
21          As Landmark’s complaint failed to state a breach of contract claim, we need not
22   address its veil-piercing arguments with regard to Limited and Wave. In any event,
23   Landmark’s allegations would be insufficient to pierce the corporate veil and reach
24   Safend’s parent companies under New York law. None of the allegations in Landmark’s
25   complaint suggest Wave or Limited abused Safend’s corporate form to perpetrate a wrong
26   or injustice against Landmark. See Morris v. N.Y. State Dep’t of Taxation & Fin., 623

                                                    4
 1   N.E.2d 1157, 1161 (N.Y. 1993); ABN AMRO Bank, N.V. v. MBIA Inc., 952 N.E.2d 463,
 2   475 (N.Y. 2011).
 3         We reject Landmark’s argument that the District Court should have granted it
 4   leave to amend. “We review the denial of leave to amend for abuse of discretion.” Metz
 5   v. U.S. Life Ins. Co. in City of New York, 662 F.3d 600, 603 (2d Cir. 2011). Landmark’s
 6   request to amend consisted of a single sentence in its memorandum in opposition to the
 7   defendants’ motion to dismiss. Further, Landmark does not disclose what new facts it
 8   would allege in an amended complaint. See id.; Pac. Inv. Mgmt. Co. v. Mayer Brown
 9   LLP, 603 F.3d 144, 160-61 (2d Cir. 2010).
10         We have considered all of Landmark’s other arguments and conclude that they are
11   without merit. For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the District Court is
12   AFFIRMED.
13                                            FOR THE COURT:
14                                            Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court
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