                     NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
 UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                 AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.




                                    IN THE
             ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
                                DIVISION ONE


                     DANIEL D. MCCLAINE, Petitioner,

                                        v.

     THE INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF ARIZONA, Respondent,

                 RITE OF PASSAGE, Respondent Employer,

                     SCF ARIZONA, Respondent Carrier.

                             No. 1 CA-IC 14-0037
                               FILED 5-7-2015


          Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
                    ICA Claim No. 20130-420215
                      Carrier Claim No. 1205877
        The Honorable Paula R. Eaton, Administrative Law Judge

                            AWARD AFFIRMED


                                   COUNSEL

Daniel D. McClaine, Wisconsin
Petitioner

Copperpoint Mutual Insurance Company, Phoenix
By Ronald C. Wills
Counsel for Respondents Employer and Carrier
Industrial Commission of Arizona, Phoenix
By Andrew Wade
Counsel for Respondent



                        MEMORANDUM DECISION

Judge Maurice Portley delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Andrew W. Gould and Judge Jon W. Thompson joined.


P O R T L E Y, Judge:

¶1            Daniel McClaine seeks review of the decision of the
Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) finding that he did not sustain a
compensable industrial injury. McClaine raises two issues: (1) whether
there was sufficient evidence to support the ALJ’s findings, and (2) whether
the ALJ erred by finding McClaine not credible. For the reasons that follow,
we affirm the ALJ’s award.

              JURISDICTION AND STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶2             This court has jurisdiction under Arizona Revised Statutes
sections 12–120.21(A)(2),1 23–951(A), and Arizona Rule of Procedure for
Special Actions 10. When reviewing findings and awards of the Industrial
Commission of Arizona (“ICA”), we defer to the ALJ’s factual findings, but
review questions of law de novo. Young v. Indus. Comm’n, 204 Ariz. 267,
270, ¶ 14, 63 P.3d 298, 301 (App. 2003).

                 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶3            McClaine alleged that he injured his back while lifting a box
of lettuce on March 1, 2012. Eleven months later, McClaine filed a workers’
compensation claim, but SCF Arizona, his employer’s insurance carrier,
issued a Notice of Claim Status denying the claim. Two months later,
McClaine requested the ICA review his claim. There were three formal
hearings and the ALJ heard testimony from McClaine; Joshua Lopez, who
observed the alleged injury; Robert Bowser, who was McClaine’s
supervisor; and two physicians. On March 3, 2014, the ALJ issued a
decision, and made the following findings:



1   We cite to the current version of the statute unless otherwise noted.


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                 MCCLAINE v. RITE OF PASSAGE/SCF
                       Decision of the Court

             9. Upon a review of the totality of the evidence,
             I find that [McClaine] and Joshua Lopez lack
             credibility. Accordingly, any conflicts in the
             evidence are resolved against [McClaine].

             10. The conflict in the medical evidence is
             resolved in favor of the opinions of Dr. Shapiro
             as being more probably correct and well
             founded.

¶4            A month later, McClaine requested the ICA review the ALJ’s
decision, and the decision was affirmed on review. McClaine appealed.

                              DISCUSSION

      I.     Sufficient Evidence

¶5           McClaine maintains that there was insufficient evidence to
support the ALJ’s findings. We disagree.

¶6            We consider the evidence in a light most favorable to
upholding the ALJ’s award. Lovitch v. Indus. Comm’n, 202 Ariz. 102, 105,
¶ 16, 41 P.3d 640, 643 (App. 2002). We will not disturb the ALJ’s findings
unless the conclusions “cannot be reasonably supported on any reasonable
theory of evidence.” Phelps v. Indus. Comm’n, 155 Ariz. 501, 506, 747 P.2d
1200, 1205 (1987). Moreover, the ALJ has a duty to “resolve all conflicts in
the evidence and to draw inferences from that evidence.” Johnson–Manley
Lumber v. Indus. Comm’n, 159 Ariz. 10, 13, 764 P.2d 745, 748 (App. 1988).

¶7            Dr. Kuppusamy, one of McClaine’s treating doctors who first
started seeing McClaine seven months after the incident, testified that when
he saw McClaine, McClaine had herniated discs and back pain. Although
Dr. Kuppusamy noted that McClaine had not reported any pain before the
industrial injury, Dr. Kuppusamy was unable to equate McClaine’s back
pain with the alleged industrial injury and suspected McClaine, who had
prior back surgery, experienced back pain before the alleged industrial
injury.

¶8            McClaine also had an independent medical examination by
Dr. Shapiro, a doctor selected by SCF Arizona. Dr. Shapiro testified that
McClaine’s back pain did not correlate with his observations of McClaine’s
back. While agreeing that McClaine had herniated discs, Dr. Shapiro
diagnosed McClaine with degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. As a
result, Dr. Shapiro concluded to a reasonable degree of medical probability


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                 MCCLAINE v. RITE OF PASSAGE/SCF
                       Decision of the Court

that the herniated discs were not caused by the lifting incident but resulted
from degenerative disease.

¶9             The ALJ had to determine the facts from the evidence. To the
extent that the opinions of Dr. Kuppusamy and Dr. Shapiro were
conflicting, the ALJ had to resolve the conflicting testimony. See Kaibab
Indus. v. Indus. Comm’n, 196 Ariz. 601, 605, ¶ 10, 2 P.3d 691, 695 (App. 2000)
(“it is the ALJ, not this court, who has the responsibility of resolving
conflicts in expert opinions, and we will affirm an ALJ’s resolution of
conflicting opinions absent an abuse of his discretion”). Neither doctor
testified that lifting the container of lettuce caused McClaine’s injury or
back pain to a reasonable degree of medical probability, though both had
examined McClaine and reviewed the various medical reports from other
professionals, as well as MRIs, x-rays, and other records. As a result, based
on this record, we conclude there was sufficient evidence to support the
ALJ’s findings.

       II.    Credibility

¶10          McClaine asserts that the ALJ erred by finding he and his
witness, Joshua Lopez, were not credible. We disagree.

¶11            The ALJ is responsible for weighing and resolving conflicts in
the evidence. Villanueva v. Indus. Comm’n, 148 Ariz. 285, 288, 714 P.2d 455,
458 (App. 1985). Additionally, the ALJ “is the sole judge of witness
credibility,” Holding v. Indus. Comm’n, 139 Ariz. 548, 551, 679 P.2d 571, 574
(App. 1984), because “[t]he credibility determination is beyond the limited
role of the reviewing court.” Villanueva, 148 Ariz. at 288, 714 P.2d at 458.
When the testimony of the claimant is “contradictory, inconsistent with
other evidence, or directly impeached,” the ALJ can reject the testimony.
Holding, 139 Ariz. at 551, 679 P.2d at 574.

¶12           McClaine testified that he did not have any back pain before
the incident. He notified his supervisor, Robert Bowser, three days after the
incident and told Bowser that he believed he had re-injured his back that he
had had surgery on a few years earlier.2 Lopez, a co-worker, testified that
McClaine bent down and picked up the box of lettuce, said a cuss word,
and stopped working. Several days later, Lopez saw McClaine taking some
medication and heard Bowser asking McClaine how his back was doing.



2 McClaine was injured in Minnesota in 2007 while working for an assisted
living facility and ultimately had back surgery.


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                 MCCLAINE v. RITE OF PASSAGE/SCF
                       Decision of the Court

Lopez did not notify Bowser about the incident, nor was he present when
McClaine notified Bowser.

¶13           Bowser, however, testified that McClaine said that he injured
his back at home, and McClaine never reported an industrial injury to him.
He did not think anything of McClaine’s report that he hurt his back at
home because McClaine had regularly complained about back problems.
And Bowser testified that he first learned that McClaine complained that
he had suffered an industrial injury when he was contacted by the carrier’s
counsel.

¶14            Additionally, the medical records undermine McClaine’s
testimony. For instance, McClaine sought medical treatment fifteen days
after the injury, but denied having a recent injury and attributed his
increased back pain to his chronic back issues that he had had for the past
few years. He also reported that his last increase in back pain was a few
years ago. And McClaine never told any of his treating doctors about the
lettuce-lifting incident.

¶15           Given the conflicting testimony, the ALJ had to resolve the
conflict. Based on all the testimony and documents that the ALJ received,
the ALJ was free to exercise her discretion as the fact-finder and reject
McClaine’s version of the events as well as Lopez’s testimony. See Holding,
139 Ariz. at 551, 679 P.2d at 574 (holding that an ALJ can reject testimony
based on contradictions about collateral issues). Consequently, because
there is evidence in the record which supports the credibility
determination, the ALJ did not abuse her discretion.

                             CONCLUSION

¶16          For all of the foregoing reasons, we affirm the award.




                                 :ama




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