                                     IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL
                                     FIRST DISTRICT, STATE OF FLORIDA

WILLIAM A. BISHOP,                   NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO
INDIVIDUALLY AND AS                  FILE MOTION FOR REHEARING AND
PERSONAL                             DISPOSITION THEREOF IF FILED
REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
ESTATE OF DONNA L.                   CASE NO. 1D14-0278
BISHOP, HIS DECEASED WIFE
(“BISHOP”), ANZUALDA
BROTHERS, INC., AND JESUS
E. MARINO CASTILLO,
INDIVIDUALLY AND AS AN
EMPLOYEE OF ANZUALDA
BROTHERS, INC.,
(COLLECTIVELY,
“ANZUALDA BROTHERS”),

      Appellant,

v.

PROGRESSIVE EXPRESS
INSURANCE COMPANY,

      Appellee.

_____________________________/

Opinion filed January 6, 2015.

An appeal from the Circuit Court for Levy County.
William E. Davis & Robert E. Roundtree, Jr., Judges.

Stephen A. Marino, Jr. and Rochelle N. Wimbush of Ver Ploeg & Lumpkin,
Miami; James W. Gustafson, Jr. of Searcy, Denney, Scarola, Tallahassee; and
Cameron M. Kennedy of Corry & Kennedy, Tallahassee, for Appellants.

Scott A. Cole of Cole, Scott & Kissane, P.A., Miami, for Appellee.
PER CURIAM.

      Undertaking communication, conduct, and steps in defense of an underlying

action, heavily dependent upon the circumstances, may rise to a coverage by

estoppel claim. This appeal involves an allegation an insurer made statements and

undertook actions which led a business owner to believe she had insurance

coverage for the underlying action; all this despite the insurer’s knowledge of facts

which would have permitted it to deny coverage.

      “When an insurance company assumes the defense of an action, with

knowledge, actual or presumed, of facts which would have permitted it to deny

coverage, it may be estopped from subsequently raising the defense of non-

coverage.” Doe ex rel. Doe v. Allstate Ins. Co., 653 So. 2d 371, 373 (Fla. 1995)

(quoting Cigarette Racing Team, Inc. v. Parliament Ins. Co., 395 So. 2d 1238,

1239-40 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981)) (internal quotation marks omitted). This “coverage

by estoppel” claim requires a representation of material fact, reasonable reliance,

and a detrimental change in position (i.e., prejudice) as a result of the reliance. See

Tome v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 125 So. 3d 864, 867 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013);

Phoenix Ins. Co. v. McQueen, 286 So. 2d 570, 572 (Fla. 1st DCA 1973). Prejudice

and whether the promisee’s reliance was reasonable are generally questions for the

trier of fact. Cigarette Racing Team, Inc., 395 So. 2d at 1239-40; see also Romo v.

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Amedex Ins. Co., 930 So. 2d 643, 652-53 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006) (citing Thor Bear,

Inc. v. Crocker Mizner Park, Inc., 648 So. 2d 168 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994)); FCCI Ins.

Co. v. Cayce’s Excavation, Inc., 901 So. 2d 248, 251 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005).

      Here, we do not pass on the strength of the business owner’s claims

regarding the insurer’s conduct and actions or what the business owner believed

afterwards. That is for the trier of fact to determine. We write only to confirm the

cause of action exists, such a claim does not sound in bad faith, and here it was for

the trier of fact to determine the ultimate weight to give the insurer’s conduct

versus the reasonableness of the business owner’s reliance. 1 We REVERSE the

court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of the insurer as to this count 2 and

REMAND for further proceedings.

LEWIS, C.J., CLARK, and MARSTILLER, JJ., CONCUR.




1
  We note that in the initial and reply briefs counsel for the appellants signed a
“certificate of compliance” affirming he “hereby certifies that this Brief is in the
Times New Roman 14-point font and is therefore in compliance with Florida Rules
of Appellate Procedure 9.210(2).” The brief is unquestionably neither in Times
New Roman 14-point font nor Courier New 12-point font, and therefore not in
compliance with Rule 9.210(2). Rules of procedure are applicable to everyone.
The rule gave counsel two options—he selected neither.
2
  As to all the other counts, we affirm the court’s determinations without comment.
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