                          This opinion will be unpublished and
                          may not be cited except as provided by
                          Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

                               STATE OF MINNESOTA
                               IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                     A14-1873

                                     Bruce Jacobson,
                                        Relator,

                                           vs.

                            Wheaton-Dumont Coop Elevator,
                                    Respondent,

                 Department of Employment and Economic Development,
                                     Respondent.

                                   Filed July 13, 2015
                                        Affirmed
                                    Peterson, Judge

                  Department of Employment and Economic Development
                                  File No. 32780845-4

Bruce L. Jacobson, Campbell, Minnesota (pro se relator)

Wheaton-Dumont Coop Elevator, Wheaton, Minnesota (respondent employer)

Lee B. Nelson, Munazza Humayun, Department of Employment and Economic
Development, St. Paul, Minnesota (for respondent department)

         Considered and decided by Peterson, Presiding Judge; Ross, Judge; and Johnson,

Judge.
                         UNPUBLISHED OPINION

PETERSON, Judge

       Pro se relator challenges an unemployment-law judge’s decision that relator is

ineligible to receive unemployment benefits because he was terminated from employment

for misconduct. Relator’s submissions on appeal include an explanation of late filing of

his appellate brief and a statement that sets forth his reasons for challenging his initial

determination of ineligibility. We affirm.

                                             FACTS

       Relator Bruce Jacobson was hired as a truck driver for respondent Wheaton-

Dumont Coop Elevator (WDCE). During his initial 60-day probationary period, relator

was dismissed from employment after having two accidents with his truck and failing to

report truck maintenance issues. Respondent Minnesota Department of Employment and

Economic Development (DEED) denied relator’s request for unemployment benefits.

Relator appealed, and an unemployment-law judge (ULJ) determined that relator was

ineligible for unemployment benefits. The ULJ’s findings establish the two driving

incidents that caused relator’s dismissal.

       During the first incident, relator

              pulled up to a grain elevator behind another truck. He got out
              of the cab and proceeded to visit with other drivers for a few
              minutes. Another truck pulled in behind and to the side of
              [relator’s] truck but [relator] did not notice it. A driver
              parked in front of [relator] stated that he needed more room
              and suggested [relator] back up his truck a bit. [Relator]
              entered his cab and proceeded to back up the truck without
              ensuring that the area was clear behind him. He hit the truck



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               behind, causing some damage to its front grill. [Relator]
               received a verbal warning as a result of the accident.

WDCE placed relator on a performance-improvement plan following the first accident

and told him that he was not expected to “have any further incidents that will put yourself

or others in danger.”

       During the second incident, relator

               unloaded wheat in a railroad yard during heavy rain.
               Visibility was poor as he pulled his truck around the end of
               the railroad cars and proceeded to drive parallel with the train
               tracks while looking for a place to park his truck. [Relator]
               drove too close to the track and hit the back end of a rail car
               as he attempted to maneuver his truck toward the street.

The collision caused “pretty good size[d] chunks of aluminum” to be scraped off the side

of relator’s trailer and broke its mid-clearance lights and bent the coupler end and ladder

of the railroad car.

       The ULJ ruled that relator was discharged for employment misconduct because his

“two accidents display[ed] a serious violation of the standards of behavior [WDCE] had

the right to reasonably expect.” Upon relator’s request for reconsideration, the ULJ

affirmed her earlier decision, noting that relator’s arguments about why he was not

responsible for the accidents were “not persuasive and do not alter the outcome of the

decision.” This pro se appeal by writ of certiorari followed.

       This court accepted relator’s untimely appellate brief, which consists of a half-

page explanation for his delay in filing the brief. Attached to the appellate brief is

relator’s statement of the grounds for his appeal of the DEED determination of his

ineligibility for unemployment benefits, which sets forth his argument that the accidents


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did not constitute misconduct because they were not preventable and caused only

minimal damage.

                                      DECISION

       This court “may reverse or modify the [ULJ’s] decision if the substantial rights of

the petitioner may have been prejudiced because the findings, inferences, conclusion, or

decision are” not supported by substantial evidence in the record or are affected by an

error of law. Minn. Stat. § 268.105, subd. 7(d)(4)-(5) (2014).

       An applicant who is discharged from employment because of employment

misconduct is ineligible for unemployment benefits. Minn. Stat. § 268.095, subd. 4(1)

(2014).     “Employment misconduct” is defined as “any intentional, negligent, or

indifferent conduct . . . that displays clearly: (1) a serious violation of the standards of

behavior the employer has the right to reasonably expect of the employee; or (2) a

substantial lack of concern for the employment.” Id., subd. 6(a) (2014). Whether an

employee committed misconduct is a mixed question of fact and law. Schmidgall v.

FilmTec Corp., 644 N.W.2d 801, 804 (Minn. 2002). Whether an employee committed a

particular act is a question of fact. Skarhus v. Davanni’s Inc., 721 N.W.2d 340, 344

(Minn. App. 2006). We review findings of fact in the light most favorable to the ULJ’s

decision and defer to the ULJ’s credibility determinations. Id. Whether a particular act

demonstrates employment misconduct is a question of law, which this court reviews de

novo. Stagg v. Vintage Place Inc., 796 N.W.2d 312, 315 (Minn. 2011).

          Relator’s brief cites no legal authority and does not challenge the ULJ’s factual

findings. Because the brief is inadequate, this court could decline to address the appeal


                                             4
on the merits. State, Dep’t of Labor & Indus. v. Wintz Parcel Drivers, Inc., 558 N.W.2d

480, 480 (Minn. 1997) (declining to reach an issue on appeal “in the absence of adequate

briefing”); Melina v. Chaplin, 327 N.W.2d 19, 20 (Minn. 1982) (deeming waived an

issue that was not argued in appellate briefs). But because the issue of whether relator’s

actions constituted employment misconduct is addressed in DEED’s appellate brief to

this court and is presumably the issue that relator intended to present to this court, we will

address the issue. See Liptak v. State ex rel. City of New Hope, 340 N.W.2d 366, 367

(Minn. App. 1983) (permitting “some latitude and consideration . . . by all courts to

persons appearing pro se”).

       Relator apparently argues that the factual findings do not support the ULJ’s

conclusion that he was dismissed for misconduct. Relator suggests that his two accidents

with his truck could not be prevented and were so minor that they should not have been

used as a basis for his dismissal. The undisputed facts show that in the first accident

relator failed to look behind his truck before backing up and hit a truck that had parked

behind his truck, causing minor damage to the other truck. WDCE’s safety director

testified that “[o]ur truck drivers are instructed that whenever they can’t see where

they’re going to stop and get out and look before they back up.” Relator received a

warning that he needed to exercise greater care after this incident, but the second accident

occurred less than a month later, and involved relator hitting a stationary railroad car with

his truck, causing damage to the railroad car and to the truck. To the extent that relator

argued that the accidents could not be prevented due to bad weather or other

circumstances, the ULJ did not credit this testimony, noting that relator “acknowledge[d]


                                              5
that he was ‘not completely on guard’” by failing to look behind his truck before backing

up in the first incident and by driving in heavy rain that made driving inadvisable during

the second incident. WDCE had an interest in employing safe drivers, and relator’s

driving during the two incidents was negligent conduct that displayed clearly a serious

violation of the standards of behavior that WDCE had the right to reasonably expect of

relator. We, therefore, conclude that relator was discharged from employment because of

employment misconduct, and the ULJ did not err in determining that relator is ineligible

for unemployment benefits.

      Affirmed.




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