                        COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


Present:    Chief Judge Fitzpatrick, Judges Frank and Clements


MONTGOMERY R. GOCHENOUR
                                               MEMORANDUM OPINION *
v.      Record No. 0484-03-3                       PER CURIAM
                                                 AUGUST 19, 2003
KATHLEEN M. GOCHENOUR


                FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF AUGUSTA COUNTY
                          Thomas H. Wood, Judge

             (Susan B. Read; Black, Noland & Read, P.L.C.,
             on briefs), for appellant.

             (Jessica L. Robinson; Nelson, McPherson,
             Summers & Santos, L.C., on brief), for
             appellee.


        On appeal, Montgomery Gochenour (husband) contends the trial

court erred:    (1) in upholding the commissioner's recommendation

and awarding wife seventy-five percent of the marital assets;

(2) in upholding the commissioner's refusal to grant him a

continuance; and (3) in awarding wife attorney's fees.       Upon

reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude that

this appeal is without merit.    Accordingly, we summarily affirm

the decision of the trial court.    See Rule 5A:27.

                               BACKGROUND

        The parties were married in 1989.     They had a child in

1990.     On March 7, 1999, they separated.


     * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not
designated for publication.
     On April 5, 1999, husband filed a bill of complaint

requesting, inter alia, that he be granted a divorce on the

basis of wife's constructive desertion.

     On April 30, 1999, Kathleen Gochenour (wife) filed an

answer to husband's bill of complaint.    She denied husband's

allegation of constructive desertion and requested, inter alia,

that she be granted a divorce on the grounds of husband's

cruelty and adultery.

     On June 29, 1999, wife filed a request for production of

documents and interrogatories, and on July 9, 1999, husband

served first interrogatories and requested documents.

     In March, April and May 2001, wife filed answers and

documents in response to all of husband's discovery requests.

     On May 9, 2001, wife filed a motion to compel husband to

respond to interrogatories and comply with her request for the

production of documents.

     On June 12, 2001, the trial court entered a decree of

reference, referring "issues of fault, spousal support, all

issues arising between the parties pursuant to § 20-107.3 . . .

and attorney's fees" to Commissioner in Chancery G. William

Watkins (the commissioner).   The trial court authorized the

commissioner to "enter such pre-trial orders as may be necessary

to accomplish the purpose of this decree [of reference]."

     By order entered on July 20, 2001, the commissioner advised

the parties that "[a]ll discovery shall be concluded not later

                               - 2 -
than August 31, 2001, and no response to discovery shall be

required of any person or party if the time for response under

the Rules of the Supreme Court expires after such date."   The

commissioner scheduled hearings for October 25-26, 2001, and

ordered the parties to exchange all documents, witness lists and

exhibits by October 19, 2001.   The commissioner scheduled a

pretrial telephone conference for August 28, 2001, "in order to

review the parties' preparations" for the October 2001 hearing.

Wife completed all of her discovery obligations by the August

31, 2001 deadline.

     On September 4, 2001, wife moved to continue the October

25, 2001 hearing.    Wife advised the commissioner that husband

"ha[d] not fully responded to discovery."   She added that she

had scheduled a vacation for that date.

     On September 28, 2001, the commissioner entered a second

notice extending the deadline for discovery to October 15, 2001,

and continued the hearing dates to November 29-30, 2001.   The

commissioner advised the parties, inter alia, that the "failure

of any party to make complete and timely responses to discovery

requests shall give the party aggrieved by such failure

sufficient cause to obtain an award of attorney's fees and costs

incurred in the effort to obtain such responses."

     On October 25, 2001, ten days after the discovery deadline,

wife filed another motion to compel husband to comply with

discovery.   On October 26, 2001, husband's attorney filed a

                                - 3 -
motion to withdraw as counsel, alleging that, "[s]ince

representing [husband], counsel has had an extremely difficult

time obtaining documents in response to discovery requests."

Counsel explained in detail husband's numerous excuses and

continued failure to provide necessary and requested documents,

noting that the "original [July 2001] trial date could not be

complied with because outstanding discovery had not been

supplied by [husband]."   Counsel further advised the trial court

of his belief that husband "has no intention of complying with

the discovery order."

     On November 6, 2001, the trial court granted counsel's

request to withdraw.

     On November 26, 2001, husband filed, pro se, a motion for a

continuance alleging that his former attorney "misstated in

writing to [him] the trial date set for this case."   Husband

indicated that he "had provided [his] attorney with listed

objectives, outlined a course of action for achieving those

objectives, and produced discovery relative to the schedules and

timeline leading to the misstated trial date."   Husband

contended that, "[f]ollowing the above listed chain of events,

it has come to bear that no action was taken with regard [sic]

pertinent filings, disclosure and transfer of information vital

to the progression of this case."   Therefore, husband

"request[ed] a continuance of this case, pursuant to this



                               - 4 -
motion, and the confusion which exists over the proposed trial

date."

     By letter dated November 27, 2001, 1 the commissioner

acknowledged receipt of husband's continuance request, however,

he noted that wife's attorney "advised Mr. Gochenour of the

November 29th hearing date by letter dated November 13, 2001."

Moreover, the commissioner recalled serving a document entitled

"Notice of Hearing on both parties, by counsel, on September 26,

2001."   The commissioner pointed out that this "case has been

continued once because of the failure of [husband] and/or his

counsel to properly respond to discovery."   Despite that

continuance, husband "remains in default under Rule 4:12."

Because wife opposed another delay, the commissioner refused "to

postpone the trial again . . . because of [husband's] continued

failure to heed and follow the hearing schedule and rules of

discovery."   The commissioner acknowledged husband's attorney's

"misdirection" in erroneously advising appellant in an October

1, 2001 letter that the trial date was December 6-7, 2001;

however, husband "would not be in the position in which he finds

himself if he had not resisted responding to [wife's] reasonable

and routine discovery requests."


     1
       The date on the first page of the letter, October 22,
2001, is in conflict with the date contained on page two,
November 27, 2001. Because the letter discusses appellant's fax
of November 22, 2001, asking for a continuance, we assume the
letter was drafted on November 27, 2001.


                               - 5 -
     On November 29, 2001, the commissioner conducted the

scheduled hearing at which the parties presented evidence.     He

heard additional evidence on December 6, 2001.    Husband appeared

pro se.

     On September 16, 2002, the commissioner filed a detailed

twenty-three page report to the trial court.   In it, he noted:

          Notwithstanding the patient, but persistent
          efforts of your Commissioner and [wife's]
          counsel, including letters, court orders,
          scheduling orders, motions to compel and
          continuances, copies of which are returned
          herewith, [husband] never fully complied
          with discovery and failed to file any
          schedules, exhibits or witness list as
          required in the Notice of Hearing.
          Accordingly, [wife] objected to most of
          [husband's] proffered exhibits and your
          Commissioner sustained her objections.

     In the report, the commissioner summarized wife's testimony

of husband's physical abuse and found sufficient evidence of

cruelty "constituting at least one ground of divorce."   The

commissioner also found sufficient evidence of adultery by

husband before and after separation "constituting a second

ground for divorce."

     After determining fault, the commissioner classified and

valued the parties' personal and real property.   He then

considered each factor in Code § 20-107.3(E) before making his

recommendations.

     "After due consideration of all of the statutory factors,"

the commissioner concluded that


                              - 6 -
          particular weight should be given to (i) the
          nonmonetary contributions of each party to
          the well-being of the family; (ii) the
          contributions, monetary and nonmonetary, of
          each party in the acquisition and care and
          maintenance of the marital property of the
          parties; and (iii) the circumstances and
          factors which contributed to the dissolution
          of the marriage.

The commissioner found that husband "benefited enormously from

the expenditure of marital funds to reduce his personal

indebtedness and make improvements to his separate property

during the marriage."   Moreover, husband's "obsessive tendency

to stall and conceal information from his wife during the

marriage and from her counsel during discovery has added to the

difficulty of retracing these contributions and getting this

case to trial."

     "Because of the significant marital contributions made by

the parties to increase the value of [husband's] separate

property and [husband's] almost single-handed destruction of the

parties' relationship over the course of the ten-year marriage,"

the commissioner found that wife "is entitled to a significantly

larger share of the marital property."   Therefore, he

recommended "that 75% of the value of the marital property be

allocated to [wife]."

     On October 8, 2002, the trial court conducted a hearing on

husband's exceptions to the commissioner's report.   By letter

opinion of December 30, 2002, the trial court found "it would

have been inappropriate to continue" the November 29th hearing

                               - 7 -
"[g]iven [husband's] attitude towards the Court, the

commissioner and counsel for Ms. Gochenour."     Rather than retain

new counsel, husband acted pro se in requesting the continuance.

Thus, the trial court ruled "[t]here was no reason for the

Commissioner to believe that Mr. Gochenour was dealing with him

in good faith."    Regarding the 75/25 division of marital

property in favor of wife, the trial court also upheld the

commissioner's recommendation for the same reasons expressed in

the commissioner's report, namely, husband's conduct in bringing

about the dissolution of the marriage and husband's failure to

comply with discovery, thereby affecting the commissioner's

ability to properly classify all of the property and resulting

in a "disproportionately large amount of separate property for

him."

                        EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION

        "Fashioning an equitable distribution award lies within the

sound discretion of the trial judge and that award will not be

set aside unless it is plainly wrong or without evidence to

support it."     Srinivasan v. Srinivasan, 10 Va. App. 728, 732,

396 S.E.2d 675, 678 (1990).

             The commissioner's report is deemed to be
             prima facie correct. The commissioner has
             the authority to resolve conflicts in the
             evidence and to make factual findings. When
             the commissioner's findings are based upon
             ore tenus evidence, "due regard [must be
             given] to the commissioner's ability . . .
             to see, hear and evaluate the witness at
             first hand." Because of the presumption of

                                 - 8 -
           correctness, the trial judge ordinarily must
           sustain the commissioner's report unless the
           trial judge concludes that it is not
           supported by the evidence.

Brown v. Brown, 11 Va. App. 231, 236, 397 S.E.2d 545, 548 (1990)

(citations omitted).   "Unless it appears from the record that

the trial judge has not considered or has misapplied one of the

statutory mandates, this Court will not reverse on appeal."

Ellington v. Ellington, 8 Va. App. 48, 56, 378 S.E.2d 626, 630

(1989).   "Virginia law does not establish a presumption of equal

distribution of marital assets."   Matthews v. Matthews, 26

Va. App. 638, 645, 496 S.E.2d 126, 129 (1998).   The trial court

is vested with broad discretion to divide equally the assets or

"to make a substantially disparate division of assets" pursuant

to Code § 20-107.3(E).   Id.

     The evidence supports the findings made by the

commissioner, which the trial court adopted.    The commissioner's

report was a careful, ordered and complete recitation of the

steps taken in weighing the evidence and in deciding upon a fair

and equitable distribution of the marital estate accumulated

during the marriage.   The commissioner attempted, as best he

could under the circumstances, to determine the legal title,

ownership, and value of the real and personal property.   He

identified the marital and separate property and presented a

clear, concise, and cogent review and analysis of the evidence

and the statutory factors in Code § 20-107.3.


                               - 9 -
     In recommending an unequal distribution, the commissioner

carefully considered all of the factors contained in Code

§ 20-107.3(E) and explained which of several factors he

attributed more weight.    In approving the award, the trial court

agreed with the commissioner's reasoning and application of the

statutory factors in making the award.    Husband's failure to

provide needed documentation affected the commissioner's ability

to classify, value and distribute the property. 2   The award was

not based solely on husband's fault, but rather on several

factors, including the parties' monetary and non-monetary

contributions, the parties' positive and negative non-monetary

contributions to the well-being of the family and husband's

noncompliance with discovery, which limited a thorough and

complete evaluation of all property. 3   Thus, the award was

supported by the evidence and was not plainly wrong.

Accordingly, the trial court did not abuse its discretion or

commit reversible error.


     2
       For example, the commissioner was unable to determine the
source of gain of the "little red house," which husband
purchased in July 1998 and sold to his parents in October 1998
because husband failed to produce, despite repeated demands,
attachments that might have explained the source of gain.
     3
       Code § 20-107.3(E)(10) directs the trial court to
consider, inter alia, "[s]uch other factors as the court deems
necessary or appropriate to consider in order to arrive at a
fair and equitable monetary award." Husband's dilatory and
incomplete discovery obfuscated the commissioner and affected
his ability to accurately identify and classify the property.



                               - 10 -
                              CONTINUANCE

     "The decision whether to grant a continuance is a matter

within the sound discretion of the trial court.   Abuse of

discretion and prejudice to the complaining party are essential

to reversal.   In considering a request for a continuance, the

court is to consider all the circumstances of the case."

Venable v. Venable, 2 Va. App. 178, 181, 342 S.E.2d 646, 648

(1986) (citations omitted).

     Husband's attorney withdrew three weeks past the October

15, 2001 discovery deadline.    At the time husband moved for a

continuance, over two and one-half years had elapsed since he

filed for divorce.   During that period, he failed to comply with

discovery, which negatively affected his credibility.

Although several weeks had passed since husband's attorney

withdrew because of husband's lack of cooperation, husband did

not retain another attorney to argue in support of a

continuance.   Because the discovery deadline had passed long

before husband's attorney withdrew and before husband filed his

motion pro se, any undisclosed witnesses or evidence would have

been inadmissible in the continued action.    See Rule 4:12(b)(2)

(listing sanctions for failure to comply with discovery).

Therefore, even if the fact finder believed that husband sought

a continuance in good faith so he could fully comply with

discovery, husband is unable to show prejudice from the refusal



                                - 11 -
to grant the continuance.    Accordingly, the record supports the

decision not to allow the continuance.

                            ATTORNEY'S FEES

     "An award of attorney's fees is a matter submitted to the

trial court's sound discretion and is reviewable on appeal only

for an abuse of discretion."     Richardson v. Richardson, 30

Va. App. 341, 351, 516 S.E.2d 726, 731 (1999).    We find no abuse

of discretion.   "The key to a proper award of fees is

'reasonableness under all of the circumstances revealed by the

record.'"   Ragsdale v. Ragsdale, 30 Va. App. 283, 297, 516

S.E.2d 698, 705 (1999) (quoting Westbrook v. Westbrook, 5

Va. App. 446, 458, 364 S.E.2d 523, 530 (1988)).

     In February 2002, wife submitted an expense sheet showing

she had incurred $30,934 in legal fees as of that date.    Based

on the commissioner's recommendation, the trial court awarded

her $20,000 of her legal fees.    This case involved prolonged and

fruitless efforts by wife and the commissioner to obtain

husband's cooperation with discovery.    Based on the length with

which the case lingered in court, the amount of legal fees

incurred by wife, husband's complete lack of cooperation and the

limited financial information available to the fact finder, the

trial court acted reasonably and properly exercised its

discretion in awarding wife a portion of her attorney's fees.




                                - 12 -
     Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial

court.   See Rule 5A:27.

                                                         Affirmed.




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