[Cite as Fuline v. Green, 2013-Ohio-2171.]


STATE OF OHIO                    )                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                 )ss:               NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT                 )

AMY M. FULINE, et al.                               C.A. No.       26586

        Appellees

        v.                                          APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                    ENTERED IN THE
NATHAN R. GREEN                                     BARBERTON MUNICIPAL COURT
                                                    COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
        Appellant                                   CASE No.   08 CVE 1938

                                 DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: May 29, 2013



        HENSAL, Judge.

        {¶1}    Nathan Green appeals an order of the Barberton Municipal Court requiring him to

pay Amy and Michael Fuline’s attorney fees. For the following reasons, this Court reverses.

                                               I.

        {¶2}    In 2007, Mr. Green rear-ended Mrs. Fuline’s motor vehicle at low speed.

Although Mrs. Fuline did not have any obvious injuries, she testified that, because she was seven

months pregnant, she drove immediately to the emergency room to get examined to determine

whether the accident had in any way adversely affected her high-risk pregnancy. While at the

emergency room, she was examined by a doctor. The doctor’s diagnosis was that she did not

have any injuries.

        {¶3}    The next morning Mrs. Fuline began having neck and shoulder pain. Mrs. Fuline

opined that, because of her pregnancy, she would not be prescribed most prescription

medications for pain. She testified that for this reason, she did not immediately seek the
                                                  2


assistance of a medical doctor for her pain. Instead, she sought treatment from a massage

therapist who had treated her for a different issue several years earlier.

       {¶4}    Mrs. Fuline testified that the therapy sessions provided her temporary relief, but

did not completely alleviate the pain. Accordingly, four months after the accident, she told her

primary care doctor about her pain. Because Mrs. Fuline was breastfeeding, the doctor could not

prescribe narcotic pain medication, so he instructed her to begin a physical therapy regimen and

continue seeing the massage therapist. The pain, however, still did not abate.

       {¶5}    In 2008, Mrs. Fuline and her husband sued Mr. Green. During discovery, they

sought admissions from Mr. Green under Civil Rule 36. Mr. Green admitted some of the

matters, but denied others. At trial, a jury found in favor of the Fulines and awarded them

$7131. The Fulines subsequently moved for their attorney fees under Civil Rule 37(C), arguing

that Mr. Green did not have good reason for denying some of their requests for admission. The

court granted their motion and awarded the Fulines over $5000 in attorney fees. On appeal, this

Court reversed, concluding that the municipal court had applied the wrong standard. Fuline v.

Green, 9th Dist. Nos. 25704, 25936, 2012-Ohio-2749, ¶ 10-11. On remand, the municipal court

again determined that the Fulines were entitled to attorney fees. Mr. Green has appealed,

assigning as error that the court failed to follow this Court’s mandate.

                                                  II.

                                    ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FAILING TO FOLLOW THE SPECIAL
       MANDATE OF THIS COURT TO APPLY THE CORRECT STANDARD OF
       LAW SET FORTH AT FULINE V. GREEN, 9TH DIST. NOS. 25704, 25936,
       2012-OHIO-2749, ¶10.

       {¶6}    Mr. Green argues that the municipal court failed to follow the directions this

Court provided in its decision. As this Court noted in its previous opinion in this case, “[t]he
                                                 3


decision to impose sanctions pursuant to Civ.R. 37 is within the discretion of the [municipal

court], and this Court will not reverse the [municipal court]’s decision absent an abuse of

discretion.” Fuline at ¶ 6. “However, whether the trial court correctly applied the law to the

facts of a case presents a question of law, which we review de novo.” Id.

       {¶7}    In its prior decision, this Court noted that the municipal court granted the Fulines’

motion for attorney fees because Mr. Green “failed to present any evidence” to justify his denial

of the admissions the Fulines requested. Id. at ¶ 9. This Court determined that Civil Rule 37(C),

however, “does not require the denying party ‘to present * * * evidence to justify the denial’ of a

request for admission.” Id. at ¶ 10. Rather, a party does not have to pay attorney fees under the

rule if a request for admission was objectionable, if there was good reason for the party’s denial

of the request, or if the issue that was the subject of the request was not of substantial

importance. Id. citing Civ.R. 37(C); Salem Med. Arts & Dev. Corp. v. Columbiana County Bd.

of Revision, 82 Ohio St.3d 193, 196 (1998). We remanded the case to the municipal court,

indicating that it would “need to review the requests for admissions in light of what the Fulines

eventually proved. If the Fulines proved matters denied by Green, the trial court ‘will then need

to consider whether each matter denied was genuinely in issue, using an objective standard of

reasonableness’ or whether the issues denied were not of substantial importance.” Id. at ¶ 11,

quoting Salem Med. Arts at 196.

       {¶8}    On remand, the municipal court determined that the Fulines proved matters

denied by Mr. Green. In analyzing whether he “had a good reason to deny the Requests,” the

court noted that Mr. Green “offered no evidence, witnesses, or testimony to support [his] general

denials * * *.” It, therefore, concluded that he “denied the Requests without any justification”
                                                4


and “without good reason.”        It further determined that the issues were important and,

accordingly, awarded the Fulines their attorney fees.

       {¶9}    Mr. Green argues that the municipal court repeated the mistake it made in its first

order on attorney fees. He argues that, just as the court improperly concluded in its first order

that he did not have good reason for his denials because he “failed to present any evidence,” the

court improperly concluded in its second order that he did not have a good reason for his denials

because he “offered no evidence, witnesses, or testimony[.]”

       {¶10} In Salem Medical Arts, the Ohio Supreme Court explained that a trial court’s

review of a party’s denial of an admission under Civil Rule 37(C) must be “meaningful,” which

means that it “must objectively evaluate whether ‘good reason’ existed for each denial.” Id. at

196, quoting Civ.R. 37(C). It also explained that “only those matters actually determined to be

‘in issue’ meet the standard of ‘good reason’ to deny.” Id., quoting 1970 Advisory Committee

Note, Fed.R.Civ.P. 36(a).

       {¶11} The municipal court’s order in this case is inconsistent. Initially, it “finds that

Defendant’s denials of the Requests were made without good reason.”            Later in the same

paragraph, however, it “finds that each matter denied by the Defendant was genuinely in issue.”

As explained by the Ohio Supreme Court, if a matter was “in issue,” the party had “good reason”

to deny the request for admission. Salem Med. Arts at 196. Accordingly, the municipal court’s

finding that each matter that Mr. Green denied was “in issue” is inconsistent with its finding that

his denial of the requests for admission was “without good reason.”

       {¶12} The municipal court’s finding that the denied matters were in issue appears to be a

typographical error because the court ultimately awarded the Fulines their attorney fees. Per our

remand instruction, the court determined that the Fulines proved matters denied by Green, that
                                                  5


each denied matter was of substantial importance, and that those denied matters were not

genuinely at issue. Accordingly, we will proceed to address whether the court correctly analyzed

if, using an objective standard of reasonableness, the matters denied by Mr. Green were of

substantial importance and not in issue. Fuline, 2012-Ohio-2749, ¶ 11.

       {¶13} The first request for admission that Mr. Green denied was that Mrs. Fuline had

“sustained injuries as a result of the accident of June 14, 2007 to her neck, upper back, shoulders

and headaches.” According to Mr. Green, he had good reason to deny this request because Mrs.

Fuline did not report any injuries to a police officer following the collision and because the

emergency-room doctor who examined her later that day to determine if her high-risk pregnancy

was further at risk concluded that she had been in a “[m]otor vehicle accident without injuries.”

He also notes that Mrs. Fuline did not see a medical doctor for her injuries until four months

after the accident, and that she gave inconsistent accounts to her various treatment providers

about when her symptoms developed.

       {¶14} The second request for admission that Mr. Green denied was that Mrs. Fuline

“received care and treatment for her injuries caused in the accident of June 14, 2007,” from the

hospital emergency room, her primary care doctor, the massage therapist, and a physical

therapist. According to Mr. Green, the denial was proper because, if Mrs. Fuline was not injured

by the collision, the treatment she received could not be for injuries arising out of it.

       {¶15} The third request for admission that Mr. Green denied was that Mrs. Fuline had

incurred $3210 in medical expenses for care and treatment resulting from the accident. He

argues that, even if Mrs. Fuline was injured by the accident, her medical expenses were not

$3210. He notes that at trial, the Fulines presented evidence that the total charges were $6937,

which was reduced to $3631 after insurance-related write-offs. He also points out that Mrs.
                                                  6


Fuline’s doctor conceded that some of the charges listed on the bills, such as for a flu

vaccination, were not related to the accident.

       {¶16} The fourth request that Mr. Green denied was that the medical expenses that Mrs.

Fuline incurred were reasonable and necessary. The fifth request was that all care and tests

ordered for her were reasonable, necessary, and proximately related to the accident. Mr. Green

argues that, just like the first two requests that he denied, these matters were also in issue in the

case because it was not clear that any pain that Mrs. Fuline received treatment for was caused by

the accident.

       {¶17} The sixth and seventh requests that Mr. Green denied related to whether Mr.

Green’s insurance company made a good faith attempt to negotiate a settlement. Mr. Green

argues that these questions were not of substantial importance since the Fulines never submitted

a settlement demand to his insurer.

       {¶18} In the Fulines’ second set of requests for admission Mr. Green objected to two

requests that related to the authenticity of Mrs. Fuline’s medical records. Although he admitted

the authenticity of her hospital, primary-care-doctor, and physical-therapy records, he objected to

the characterization of the massage therapist’s treatment notes as medical records and argued that

they were uncertified. According to Mr. Green, the Fulines were not affected by the parts of the

second set of requests that he denied because the parties ended up working out all the issues

related to the authenticity of Mrs. Fuline’s medical records prior to trial.

       {¶19} We agree with Mr. Green that, using an objective standard of reasonableness,

each of the requests for admission that he denied concerned matters that were either “in issue” or

“not of substantial importance.” Fuline, 2012-Ohio-2749 at ¶ 11. The requests regarding

whether the accident caused injury to Mrs. Fuline’s neck, back, and shoulder and whether she
                                                   7


received treatment that was necessary and proper for those injuries each rested on the credibility

of Mrs. Fuline. Mrs. Fuline’s credibility, however, was put into question by Mr. Green. As Mr.

Green has noted, following the accident, she did not tell the responding officer or an emergency

room doctor that she had any neck, back or shoulder pain. In fact, she did not tell any medical

doctor about the pain until four months after the accident. She also gave her massage therapist,

primary-care doctor, and physical therapist a different timeframe with respect to how many days

or weeks after the accident her pain started.

       {¶20} In its decision, the municipal court focused exclusively on whether Mr. Green

challenged Mrs. Fuline credibility through his own evidence, witnesses, or testimony. There are

many ways, however, to challenge a party’s credibility, including pointing out inconsistencies in

their testimony. Kenney v. Fealko, 75 Ohio App.3d 47, 51 (11th Dist.1991) (“The Ohio Rules of

Evidence do not enumerate the various ways in which the credibility of a witness can properly be

attacked.”); see Evid. R. 607(A) (providing the circumstances that must exist before the party

who called a witness may attack the credibility of that witness by means of a prior inconsistent

statement); State v Haines, 112 Ohio St.3d 393, 2006-Ohio-6711, ¶ 44 (“[S]eemingly

inconsistent actions are relevant to a witness’s credibility.”).

       {¶21} The Fulines argue that, because they had expert testimony from Mrs. Fuline’s

primary care doctor, Mr. Green could not reasonably rely on mere conjecture and the minor

inconsistencies in her medical reports. The doctor’s conclusions regarding causation, however,

were based on what Mrs. Fuline had told him. By casting doubt on Mrs. Fuline’s credibility

through cross-examination, therefore, Mr. Green also called into question her doctor’s

conclusions, even without calling his own medical expert. The Fulines also argue that it was

undisputed that, because of Mrs. Fuline’s pregnancy, she could not receive many of the usual
                                                  8


tests and treatments for neck and spine injuries. The fact that Mrs. Fuline’s doctor recommended

that Mrs. Fuline continue massage therapy, however, does not mean that Mr. Green was

foreclosed from challenging whether she was justified in starting therapy treatments without a

medical doctor’s advice or proffering challenges regarding the frequency and duration of the

method of treatment.

       {¶22} Upon review of the record, we conclude that Mr. Green’s denial of Mrs. Fuline’s

statements regarding the necessity and reasonableness of all of her medical care meets the

objectively reasonable standard. See Sinea v. Denman Tire Corp., 135 Ohio App.3d 44, 70 (11th

Dist.1999); Youssef v. Jones, 77 Ohio App.3d 500, 510 (6th Dist.1991) (“We conclude that doubt

regarding the credibility of two interested parties as to these facts is a good reason to believe that

these issues were disputable and should be denied.”). With respect to the request concerning the

amount of Mrs. Fuline’s medical expenses, we conclude that Mr. Green had good reason for

denying it because the medical bills that the Fulines attached to the request included a charge for

a flu vaccination. Mr. Green had reason to question whether it was reasonable and necessary for

Mrs. Fuline to receive the vaccine because of the accident.

       {¶23} Regarding the requests for admission concerning Mr. Green’s insurance company,

the Fulines do not dispute Mr. Green’s assertion that these issues were of no substantial

importance. Regarding the authenticity of medical records issues raised in the Fulines’ second

set of requests for admissions, the Fulines argued in their trial court brief that Mr. Green’s denial

of the requests forced them to call Mrs. Fuline’s primary care doctor to prove the authenticity of

his records. In his response to the requests, however, Mr. Green admitted the authenticity of all

of the primary-care doctor’s records that the Fulines attached to their requests for admission.

The only medical records that the Fulines submitted at trial that Mr. Green did not admit the
                                                 9


authenticity of were the records of Mrs. Fuline’s massage therapist. Contrary to the Fulines’

assertion, they did not have to call anyone to testify about the authenticity of those documents at

trial. There is nothing in the record that indicates that the Fulines suffered any additional

inconvenience or expense because of Mr. Green’s denial of their authenticity of the massage

therapist’s records.

       {¶24} Because the municipal court focused on whether Mr. Green submitted any

documents or other evidence to demonstrate that he had good reason for denying the Fulines’

requests for admissions, it incorrectly concluded that the matters denied by Mr. Green were not

in issue. Upon review of the record, we conclude that the issues Mr. Green denied were either

“in issue” or “of no substantial importance.”        Salem Med. Arts, 82 Ohio St.3d at 196. The

municipal court, therefore, abused its discretion when it ordered Mr. Green to pay the Fulines’

attorney fees. Mr. Green’s assignment of error is sustained.

                                                III.

       {¶25} The municipal court incorrectly ordered Mr. Green to pay the Fulines’ attorney

fees. The judgment of the Barberton Municipal Court is reversed.

                                                                                Judgment reversed.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Barberton

Municipal Court, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A

certified copy of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
                                                10


       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellees.




                                                     JENNIFER HENSAL
                                                     FOR THE COURT



MOORE, P. J.
CARR, J.
CONCUR.


APPEARANCES:

ADAM E. CARR, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

STEPHEN P. GRIFFIN and MICHAEL J. KAHLENBERG, Attorneys at Law, for Appellee.
