                 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                            AT KNOXVILLE
                                     July 12, 2005 Session

    EMILY PATRICIA RUSSELL RAY v. JAMES FRANKLIN RAY, SR.

                      Appeal from the Chancery Court for Greene County
                      No. 20030171    Thomas R. Frierson, II, Chancellor


                  No. E2004-01622-COA-R3-CV - FILED AUGUST 16, 2005


In this divorce case, husband argues that the trial court erred in awarding wife rehabilitative alimony
and attorney’s fees and contends that a post-judgment change in circumstances warrants termination
of alimony. Because husband failed to submit a transcript or statement of evidence, failed to support
his argument with citations of authority and appropriate references to the record, and failed to raise
the issue of post- judgment change of circumstances prior to appeal, we affirm the judgment of the
trial court and remand.


 Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Affirmed; Cause
                                        Remanded

SHARON G. LEE, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which HERSCHEL P. FRANKS, P.J., and
CHARLES D. SUSANO , JR., J., joined.

James Franklin Ray, Forest City, North Carolina, pro se, Appellant.

Francis X. Santore, Greeneville, Tennessee, for the Appellee, Emily Patricia Russell Ray.


                                             OPINION


       This appeal derives from a cause of action for divorce filed by the Appellee, Emily Patricia
Russell Ray, against the Appellant, James Franklin Ray, Sr., in the Chancery Court for Greene
County, Tennessee, on June 16, 2003. The trial court ordered the parties to participate in mediation
which resulted in resolution of some issues in the case and the parties’ agreement to a temporary
parenting plan pertaining to the care, custody and control of their two minor children born during
the marriage. However, Mr. Ray refused to agree to Ms. Ray’s request for alimony pendente lite.

     A hearing upon the record was held before the trial court on December 8, 2003, and on
December 17, 2003, the court entered its order approving the temporary parenting plan agreed to by
the parties at mediation, including the agreement that Mr. Ray pay child support in the amount of
$187.00 per week. The order further states that Ms. Ray “has proven, by a preponderance of the
evidence, her entitlement to alimony pendente lite. Therefore, on a pendente lite basis, the wife shall
be awarded the sum of $500.00 monthly, retroactive to November 1, 2003, payable weekly by wage
assignment.” A motion by Mr. Ray requesting that the trial court amend its finding to show that Ms.
Ray was not entitled to alimony pendente lite was overruled.

        On May 10, 2004, the trial court conducted a trial on the merits. In addition to issues
regarding allocation of parental responsibilities, division of marital property and allocation of marital
debt, the court addressed the issues of Ms. Ray’s entitlement to spousal support and attorney’s fees.
The court’s judgment and incorporated memorandum opinion entered June 3, 2004, provides in part
as follows:

            [Ms. Ray] is not maintaining gainful employment at present. The evidence
            preponderates in favor of a finding that for Ms. Ray economic rehabilitation is
            feasible as she hopes to further her education to become a respiratory therapist.
            Mr. Ray shall pay to Ms. Ray rehabilitative spousal support in the amount of
            $350.00 per month for a period of 2 years following the divorce or until Ms. Ray’s
            remarriage.

       Based upon the trial court’s further determination that “Ms. Ray will not be vested with
adequate assets for her needs and payment of all of her attorney’s fees,” the court also ordered that
Mr. Ray pay Ms. Ray’s attorney’s fees in the amount of $1,000.00.

       Mr. Ray’s brief is short in length and we recite his statement of facts, argument and
conclusion in full as follows:

                                                 Statement of Facts

            Ms. Russell1 was awarded alimony based on the facts that she would need to be
            rehabilitated for carpal tunnel syndrome and that she would need to further her
            education, thus leaving her unemployed and relying on Mr. Ray to support her.
            Ms. Russell has made no attempts of rehabilitation and is not attending school at
            this time. She has also become unemployed.
            Mr. Ray earns $14.36 per hour. $2297.60 per month before taxes, insurance and
            normal deductions. From December 2003 till May 2004 Ms. Russell received
            $2500.00 for alimony. Since June 2004 until present she has received $2800.00.
            Mr. Ray asks that the alimony be terminated based on the facts that Ms. Ray is
            now employed, she is not attending school and her health is obviously
            considerably better based on the fact that she has become employed at the same
            job she was doing prior to our separation.


        1
            In his brief, Mr. Ray refers to the appellee by her maiden name.

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                                               Argument

         The trial was improperly ruled in favor of Ms. Russell to receive alimony. There
         was no infidelity and I do not earn a substantial salary. Ms. Russell was awarded
         alimony in order for her to become rehabilitated and to become a full time student.
         Neither of these has taken place. I want to support my children and do my part
         financially and otherwise to be an active part of their lives. However I find it
         appalling that I must pay Ms. Russell alimony of any amount. I feel that Ms.
         Russell should be held in contempt of court based on the facts that she is not
         following procedures that granted her the alimony. Please understand the request
         to terminate this alimony altogether. Please review my salary and the dollar
         amount that has already been paid to Ms. Russell for alimony. Please correct this
         judgment in the way that you see fit. Thank you in advance for your attention of
         this matter.

                                              Conclusion

         Mr. Ray should not be held responsible for alimony to Ms. Russell and neither is
         held responsible for any attorney fees, which Ms. Russell has encored.[sic]

                                                Analysis

        Based upon the above, we construe the issues raised by Mr. Ray to be as follows:

        1) Did the trial court err in awarding Ms. Ray rehabilitative alimony?

        2) Did the trial court err in awarding Ms. Ray attorney’s fees?

       3) Has there been a change of circumstances since the trial court’s final decree that would
warrant a termination of alimony?

        Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-101(d)(1) (2001) authorizes a court to award alimony to an
economically disadvantaged spouse. This statute provides that, in determining whether such an
award is appropriate and “the nature, amount, length of term, and manner of payment, the court shall
consider all relevant factors,” including various factors specified in the statute such as the relative
earning capacity of each party, the physical condition of each party and each party’s relative
education and training. In the case before us, the trial court indicated the evidence it reviewed which
compelled it to conclude that Ms. Ray was entitled to alimony and attorney’s fees. This evidence
included “sworn testimony introduced in open court, and statements from counsel for the plaintiff
and from the defendant, who proceeded pro se in this action.” Although Mr. Ray requests that we
reverse the trial court’s decision, he has failed to provide us with a statement or transcript of the oral
evidence which the court referenced as being part of the evidence it considered in reaching its


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decision in this case. We previously addressed the consequences of such an omission in
Manufacturers Consolidation Service, Inc. v. Rodell, 42 S.W.3d 846,865 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2000) as
follows:

         The appellant bears the burden of showing that the evidence presented below
         preponderates against the trial court’s judgment. Coakley v. Daniels, 840 S.W.2d
         367, 370 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1992). To this end, the Tennessee Rules of Appellate
         Procedure require the appellant to prepare “a transcript of such part of the
         evidence or proceedings as is necessary to convey a fair, accurate and complete
         account of what transpired with respect to those issues that are the bases of
         appeal.” Tenn. R. App. P. 24(b); see also Johnson v. Hardin, 926 S.W.2d 236,
         239 (Tenn. 1996); Nickas v. Capadalis, 954 S.W.2d 735, 742 (Tenn. Ct. App.
         1997). In the absence of a transcript or statement of the evidence, a presumption
         arises that the parties presented sufficient evidence to support the trial court’s
         judgment, and this court will affirm the judgment. Coakley, 840 S.W.2d at 370;
         Irvin v. City of Clarksville, 767 S.W.2d 649, 653 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1988).

        We further note that Mr. Ray’s brief fails to reference the record or cite any authority in
support of his argument. T.R.A.P. 27(a)(7) provides that the appellant’s brief “shall contain ... [a]n
argument ... with citations to the authorities and appropriate references to the record ... relied on.”
Courts in this state routinely hold that the failure to make appropriate references to the record and
to include citations of relevant authority in the argument section of a brief constitutes a waiver of the
issue raised. Bean v. Bean, 40 S.W.3d 52, 53 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2000).

        Finally, it is our determination that the issue of whether the award of rehabilitative alimony
to Ms. Ray should be terminated based upon the changed circumstances alleged by Mr. Ray in his
brief should have been requested upon petition to the trial court prior to appeal to this Court. In this
regard, Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-101(d)(2)(2001 & Supp. 2004) provides,

         An award of rehabilitative, temporary support and maintenance shall remain in the
         court’s control for the duration of such award, and may be increased, decreased,
         terminated, extended, or otherwise modified, upon a showing of substantial and
         material change in circumstances.

        There is no indication in the record before us that Mr. Ray at any time petitioned the trial
court to modify its award of rehabilitative alimony based upon a change of circumstances. An issue
not raised at the trial court level may not be raised for the first time on appeal. Simpson v. Frontier
Community Credit Union, 810 S.W.2d 147, 153 (Tenn. 1981).

       For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed and the cause is
remanded for further necessary action, if any, consistent with this opinion. Costs of appeal are
adjudged against James Franklin Ray, Sr.



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_________________________________________
SHARON G. LEE, JUDGE




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