[Cite as Pagano v. Heck, 2017-Ohio-8564.]


STATE OF OHIO                    )                        IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                 )ss:                     NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT                 )

JOHN HECK, et al.                                         C.A. No.    28425

        Appellants

        v.                                                APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                          ENTERED IN THE
SCOTT PAGANO dba ANY EXCUSE                               COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
FOR A PARTY                                               COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
                                                          CASE No.   CV 2015-04-2195
        Appellee

                                DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: November 15, 2017



        CARR, Presiding Judge.

        {¶1}    Appellant, John Heck, appeals the judgment of the Summit County Court of

Common Pleas. This Court reverses and remands.

                                                     I.

        {¶2}    The instant litigation arises out of a business dispute between Scott Pagano and

John Heck, two men who entered into a partnership agreement regarding an entity known as

SloMo Booths, LLC (“SloMo”).                The nature of the business venture involves designing,

manufacturing, and selling slow motion photo booths for the special event industry.

        {¶3}    On April 6, 2015, Pagano’s business, Any Excuse for a Party, filed a complaint

against Heck and SloMo that included a demand for an accounting as well as a claim for money

damages. Pagano’s central allegation was that Heck, who was responsible for maintaining the

accounting books for SloMo, had breached the partnership agreement by failing to provide

monthly and quarterly reports to Pagano. Heck filed an answer generally denying the allegations
                                                 2


in the complaint. Significantly, Heck also filed a counterclaim alleging that Pagano had failed to

perform a number of his duties under the partnership agreement, including booking trade show

appearances and contributing to the design, marketing, and selling of the product. Pagano filed

an answer generally denying all of the allegations in the counterclaim.

       {¶4}    As the litigation unfolded, the parties became entangled in a discovery dispute, a

dispute that rests at the center of the instant appeal. Pagano filed an initial request for discovery

at the same time he filed the complaint. Thereafter, on January 5, 2016, the trial court approved

an agreed protective and confidentiality order. The agreed order set forth guidelines for what

would constitute confidential information for the purposes of the litigation and further outlined

parameters for how that information would be handled by the parties. Approximately one month

later, Pagano filed a motion to compel discovery asserting that Heck had failed to produce an

accounting of the business as requested. Pagano attached Heck’s deposition in support of the

motion to compel and asserted that Heck had acknowledged during his deposition testimony that

he was responsible for providing accounting reports to Pagano under the terms of their

agreement. The trial court subsequently issued a journal entry granting the motion and ordering

Heck to produce all outstanding discovery within 30 days.

       {¶5}    On February 26, 2016, the trial court issued a journal entry reflecting numerous

stipulations by the parties regarding a variety of procedural matters, including several discovery

issues as well as the filing of an amended complaint. The sixth subheading referenced the

January 5, 2016 protective and confidentially order and purported to supplement the order with

respect to several discovery items. One such paragraph stated that the parties agreed that Pagano

should not be permitted to “achieve the object of this action for an accounting by seeking to
                                                 3


require defendants to yield such information to [Pagano] without a court’s first entering a final

judgment declaring [Pagano’s] entitlement thereto.”

       {¶6}    Pagano filed an amended complaint substituting himself in his individual capacity

as plaintiff in place of his company.        Heck and SloMo filed an amended answer and

counterclaim. Pagano filed an answer to the amended counterclaim generally denying the

allegations.

       {¶7}    Thereafter, Heck provided answers to certain discovery requests. At that time,

Pagano filed a second motion to compel discovery. On June 21, 2016, the trial court issued a

journal entry granting the motion and ordering Heck to “produce all outstanding discovery,

including a full accounting, within thirty (30) days of the date of this Entry & Order.” Heck

initially filed a motion to reconsider the discovery order. In support of the motion to reconsider,

Heck argued that they could not provide an accounting of the business during the discovery

phase because the issue of whether they had an obligation to do so was an underlying issue in the

litigation. In addition to filing a memorandum in opposition to the motion for reconsideration,

Pagano filed a motion for sanctions. On August 8, 2016, the trial court issued a journal entry

denying the motion for reconsideration and setting a hearing date on the motion for sanctions.

       {¶8}    After the trial court denied the motion for reconsideration, Heck filed a motion to

modify the trial court’s June 21, 2016 discovery order on the basis that the order was

“inconsistent with the terms of [the] stipulated order entered by this court on February 26,

2016[.]” Therein, Heck again posited that it would be improper to require the business to furnish

an accounting prior to the trial court determining that issue on the merits. Pagano filed a

memorandum in opposition to the motion to modify, arguing that the trial court had already

settled the discovery dispute between the parties.
                                                 4


       {¶9}    On August 25, 2016, the trial court issued a journal entry captained, “Order

Modifying June 21, 2016, Order Compelling Discovery Nunc Pro Tunc[,]” wherein the court

amended its prior discovery order to remove the language compelling Heck to provide a “full

accounting” of the business. The trial court took this action with the aim of being consistent with

the prior stipulation of the parties that was reflected in the order issued on February 26, 2016.

       {¶10} Heck subsequently filed a motion to strike Pagano’s second set of interrogatories

on the basis that Pagano failed to secure leave from the trial court to serve such interrogatories in

accordance with a local rule.

       {¶11} On October 14, 2016, the trial court issued a journal entry noting that Heck had

still not complied with the trial court’s discovery orders. The trial court then ordered Heck and

SloMo “to produce all outstanding discovery, including a full accounting within fourteen (14)

days of the date of this Entry & Order. Failure to comply with this Entry & Order may result in

sanctions for misconduct in discovery.” After the expiration of the 14-day window, Heck

retained new counsel. On November 14, 2016, Heck and SloMo filed a notice of appeal.

       {¶12} On appeal, Heck raises three assignments of error.

                                                 II.

                                 ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY ORDERING HECK TO PRODUCE
       CONFIDENTIAL AND PRIVILEGED DISCOVERY.

                                 ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY ORDERING HECK TO PRODUCE AN
       ACCOUNTING AND DISCOVERY CONSTITUTING A DE FACTO
       ACCOUNTING WITHOUT A DETERMINATION BY A TRIER OF FACT
       THAT PAGANO’S CLAIM FOR AN ACCOUNTING WAS MERITORIOUS.
                                                5


       {¶13} In his first and second assignments of error, Heck advances multiple arguments in

support of the proposition that the trial court erred when it issued the October 14, 2016 discovery

order. This Court agrees.

                                           Jurisdiction

       {¶14} At the outset, we note that this Court is obligated to raise sua sponte questions

related to its jurisdiction. Whitaker-Merrell Co. v. Geupel Constr. Co., Inc., 29 Ohio St.2d 184,

186 (1972). This Court has jurisdiction to hear appeals only from final judgments. Article IV,

Section 3(B)(2), Ohio Constitution; R.C. 2501.02. In the absence of a final, appealable order,

this Court must dismiss the appeal for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. Lava Landscaping,

Inc. v. Rayco Mfg., Inc., 9th Dist. Medina No. 2930-M, 2000 Ohio App. LEXIS 176, *2 (Jan. 26,

2000). “Generally, trial court orders addressing discovery issues are merely interlocutory and

not immediately appealable.” Bowers v. Craven, 9th Dist. Summit No. 25717, 2012-Ohio-332, ¶

14. Several matters may be appealed on an interlocutory basis pursuant to R.C. 2505.02(B),

which states, in part:

       An order is a final order that may be reviewed, affirmed, modified, or reversed,
       with or without retrial, when it is one of the following:

       (1) An order that affects a substantial right in an action that in effect determines
       the action and prevents a judgment;

       (2) An order that affects a substantial right made in a special proceeding or upon a
       summary application in an action after judgment;

       (3) An order that vacates or sets aside a judgment or grants a new trial;

       (4) An order that grants or denies a provisional remedy and to which both of the
       following apply:

       (a) The order in effect determines the action with respect to the provisional
       remedy and prevents a judgment in the action in favor of the appealing party with
       respect to the provisional remedy.
                                                 6


       (b) The appealing party would not be afforded a meaningful or effective remedy
       by an appeal following final judgment as to all proceedings, issues, claims, and
       parties in the action.

       {¶15} On November 22, 2016, this Court issued a magistrate’s order noting that it was

unclear whether the October 14, 2016 order constituted a final, appealable order under R.C.

2505.02(B)(4). Both parties were provided an opportunity to brief the issue. Upon reviewing

the record and the filings in this matter, it is apparent that the appealed order does constitute a

final, appealable order. In the complaint, Pagano demanded an accounting of the business and

payment of any amount found due. In his answer and counterclaim, Heck maintained that he

was not required to provide an accounting of the business because Pagano had failed to fulfill a

number of responsibilities under their partnership agreement. The trial court’s October 14, 2016

discovery order required Heck to “produce all outstanding discovery, including a full

accounting” of the business. Thus, the order effectively determined the primary controversy

between the parties set forth in the pleadings. As Heck would be prevented from prevailing on

that claim in a later appeal should he be forced to provide a full accounting of the business, the

discovery order does, in fact, constitute a final, appealable order under R.C. 2505.02(B)(4).

                                            Discussion

       {¶16} Heck raises multiple arguments in support of his challenge to the October 14,

2016 discovery order. First and foremost, Heck argues that the discovery order compels the

disclosure of privileged information. Heck stresses that the trial court erred by ordering the

parties to disclose information that fell within the scope of the parties’ agreed protective order.

Heck further argues that the discovery order offends notions of due process by forcing Heck to

disclose confidential business materials prior to the court ruling on whether Pagano has a right to

that information.
                                                 7


       {¶17} The trial court erred by prematurely ordering the disclosure of potentially

confidential or privileged information without first conducting an in camera inspection of those

materials. At the outset of the litigation, the parties disputed whether certain portions of SloMo’s

business records were confidential, privileged, or beyond the scope of discovery given the nature

of the underlying cause of action. The parties eventually entered into an agreed protective order

pertaining to confidential materials where it was stipulated that Pagano should not be permitted

to “achieve the object of this action for an accounting by seeking to require defendants to yield

such information to [Pagano] without a court’s first entering a final judgment declaring

[Pagano’s] entitlement thereto.” Given that the parties reached an agreement, the record is

lacking evidence regarding whether the documents in question constitute confidential business

records. See generally Gibson-Myers & Assocs., Inc. v. Pearce, 9th Dist. Summit No. 19358,

1999 Ohio App. LEXIS 5010, *7 (Oct. 27, 1999). The trial court recognized the validity of the

parties’ agreement prior to issuing the October 14, 2016 discovery order where it inexplicably

ordered Heck to “produce all outstanding discovery, including a full accounting[.]” Pagano

maintains on appeal that Heck has no basis to challenge the order because he never requested an

in camera inspection or submitted a privilege log. In light of the parties’ agreement, however,

Heck had no reason to request an in camera inspection or submit a privilege log because he had

no reason to anticipate that the trial court would order him to turn those materials over during the

discovery phase. See generally Mulkerin v. Cho, 9th Dist. Medina No. 07CA007-M, 2007-Ohio-

6550, ¶ 6-7. Under these circumstances, the trial court erred by ordering Heck to disclose the

requested information, including a “full accounting” of the business, without first conducting an

in camera review to determine if any of the requested materials were confidential or privileged.

Id.
                                                 8


       {¶18} The first and second assignments of error are sustained.

                                ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY ORDERING HECK TO RESPOND TO THE
       2ND ROGS, [SIC] WHICH WERE PROPOUNDED IN CONTRAVENTION OF
       SUMMIT COUNTY LOCAL RULE 17.01.

       {¶19} In his third assignment of error, Heck argues that the trial court erred in ordering

him to respond to a second set of interrogatories. As our resolution of Heck’s first and second

assignments of error is dispositive of this appeal, we decline to address the third assignment of

error as it has been rendered moot. See App.R. 12(A)(1)(c).

                                                III.

       {¶20} Heck’s first and second assignments of error are sustained. We decline to address

the third assignment of error as it has been rendered moot. The judgment of the Summit County

Court of Common Pleas is reversed and the cause remanded for further proceedings consistent

with this decision.

                                                                              Judgment reversed,
                                                                             and cause remanded.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
                                                9


instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellee.




                                                    DONNA J. CARR
                                                    FOR THE COURT



SCHAFER, J.
TEODOSIO, J.
CONCUR.

APPEARANCES:

JOEL A. HOLT, Attorney at Law, for Appellants.

THOMAS C. LOEPP, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.
