                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                  No. 16-0248
                             Filed August 17, 2016


IN RE THE MARRIAGE OF CHRISTOPHER LEROY RIGGS
AND CARRIE RIGGS

Upon the Petition of
CHRISTOPHER LEROY RIGGS,
      Petitioner-Appellant,

And Concerning
CARRIE RIGGS,
     Respondent-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________


      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, David M. Porter,

Judge.



      Christopher Leroy Riggs appeals the district court’s ruling disqualifying his

counsel from representing him in this dissolution action.      REVERSED AND

REMANDED.



      Colin R. McCormack of Van Cleaf & McCormack Law Firm, L.L.P., Des

Moines, for appellant.

      Nicholas A. Bailey of Bailey Law Firm, P.L.L.C., Altoona, for appellee.




      Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Mullins and Bower, JJ.
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MULLINS, Judge

       Christopher Leroy Riggs appeals the district court’s ruling disqualifying his

counsel, Jacob Van Cleaf, from representing him in this dissolution action. On

November 10, 2015, Riggs filed a petition for the dissolution of his marriage to

Carrie Riggs, a marriage that had occurred six months prior. The parties have no

children together and lived together only two months before separating. In her

answer to the petition, Carrie also requested dissolution of the marriage,

indicating the parties had not acquired property or debts during the marriage.

       On November 30, Carrie filed a motion to disqualify Christopher’s

attorney, Van Cleaf, from representing him. Because of the limited record in this

matter, we are unable to independently review the underlying facts.         So, we

accept these findings of facts made by the district court:

       Christopher Riggs (Riggs) has four pending matters, three of which
       are [child in need of assistance (CINA)] petitions in Jasper County.
       For the sake of judicial economy, all three CINA cases are being
       adjudicated at the same time. One case involves Riggs and [T.R.].
       The second case involves Riggs and Carrie Riggs . . . . The third
       case involves Riggs and [H.H]. The Motion to Disqualify stems
       from the fact that Attorney Van Cleaf has represented all of the
       parties at one time or another. Attorney Van Cleaf previously
       represented [T.R.] in a custody case . . . against Riggs. Attorney
       Van Cleaf previously represented [H.H] in a custody
       case . . . against Riggs.      Attorney Van Cleaf is currently
       representing [H.H.] in the pending CINA action . . . against Riggs.
       Attorney Van Cleaf is also concurrently representing Riggs in this
       dissolution of marriage action, against Carrie Riggs, in Polk County.

       Carrie contends Van Cleaf’s role in the CINA case with H.H. and in the

prior custody cases creates an unwaivable conflict in the present case. In the

CINA matters, Van Cleaf currently represents the mother in one of those actions;
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Carrie is a party to one of the CINA cases,1 though all three CINA cases are

consolidated for hearings; and Christopher is represented by separate counsel in

all the pending CINA cases.          Christopher resisted the motion to disqualify,

asserting no conflict actually existed and noting the only issue in the present

divorce action—as neither children nor marital assets exist—is the attorney fees

sought by each party. Further, both Christopher and the mother whom Van Cleaf

currently represents in a CINA matter executed waivers of conflict.

       On January 20, 2016, the district court granted the motion to disqualify,

finding “a serious potential for conflict is likely to arise.” Christopher filed an

application for interlocutory appeal, which the Iowa Supreme Court granted on

February 29, 2016.

       We review the district court’s order for an abuse of discretion.               See

Bottoms v. Stapleton, 706 N.W.2d 411, 415 (Iowa 2005). “The right of a party to

choose his or her own attorney is important, but it must be balanced against the

need to maintain ‘the highest ethical standards’ that will preserve the public’s

trust in the bar and in the integrity of the court system.” Id. (citation omitted). “In

balancing these interests, a court must also be vigilant to thwart any misuse of a

motion to disqualify for strategic reasons.” Id.

       Under our current rules, “a lawyer shall not represent a client if the

representation involves a concurrent conflict of interest.”           Iowa R. of Prof’l

Conduct 32:1.7; Bottoms, 706 N.W.2d at 415. “A concurrent conflict of interest

exists” where “the representation of one client will be directly adverse to another

1
 For our purposes we are relying on the findings of the district court, but we note the
motion to disqualify and the resistance filed in the district court suggest Carrie may be a
party to more than one of the CINA cases.
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client” or where “there is a significant risk that the representation of one or more

clients will be materially limited by the lawyer’s responsibilities to another client, a

former client, or a third person or by a personal interest of the lawyer.” Iowa R. of

Prof’l Conduct 32:1.7.

       No party alleges Van Cleaf’s representation is directly adverse to his other

client, or that Van Cleaf owes any duty to Carrie personally. Instead, the alleged

“serious potential for conflict” is that (1) Van Cleaf may obtain information about

Christopher in either matter and impermissibly use it in another matter and

(2) Christopher’s interests, though not adverse at the time, may become adverse

to those of the mother of his child in the CINA action where Van Cleaf represents

the mother.

       Of note, “the concept of a potential conflict of interest is foreign to the

[current] ethical rule.” Bottoms, 706 N.W.2d at 417. Thus, an actual conflict of

interest must exist to justify disqualification. Id. The requirement of an actual

conflict of interest is satisfied if “there is a significant risk that the representation

of one or more clients will be materially limited by the lawyer’s responsibilities to

another.” Iowa R. of Prof’l Conduct 32:1.7.

       The case before us is for the dissolution of the marriage of Christopher

and Carrie. This puts at issue six-month’s worth of potential debts and assets2—

which the parties appear to agree do not exist—and requested attorney fees.

This action does not implicate Christopher’s children, the mothers of those


2
  We acknowledge, however, the general rule that trial—not date of filing the action—is
the time to determine and value assets and liabilities for disposition in a dissolution of
marriage action. See In re Marriage of Driscoll, 563 N.W.2d 640, 642 (Iowa Ct. App.
1997).
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children, or the CINA and custody cases involving those third-parties. Further,

Christopher signed a waiver of conflict.

       To the extent a risk of conflict exists, if at all, the risk arises in the CINA

action where Van Cleaf represents the mother.           In theory, Van Cleaf might

discover something during his representation of Christopher that could create a

conflict between his loyalties to Christopher and his loyalties to the mother in the

CINA proceeding. But, the CINA action is not in front of us. Furthermore, Carrie

is not a party to that CINA case and has presented no facts or allegations that

Van Cleaf’s representation of Christopher creates a significant risk to her or to

the progress or outcome of this dissolution case.         Although the potential for

divergent interest exists between Christopher and the mother in the CINA case,

we do not find such potential is a “significant risk” in this case and will not deprive

Christopher of his counsel of choice based solely on accusations that

Christopher’s interests may become contrary to a third-party’s interests in an

unrelated matter.3 See Bottoms, 706 N.W.2d at 419; see also State v. Smith,

761 N.W.2d 63, 72, 74 (Iowa 2009) (noting a “possibility of a conflict [wa]s

present under the facts and circumstances of th[e] case,” but the facts “weigh[ed]

against finding an actual conflict of interest” while indicating the conflict was of an

“inherently speculative nature”). On our review of the district court’s ruling in this

dissolution case, applying the correct standard of a “significant risk,” we find its

conclusion is not supported by substantial evidence. Accordingly, we determine



3
  We want to be clear that, as a practical matter, we question the wisdom of Van Cleaf
representing Christopher under these circumstances, but our review is governed by the
current ethical rules.
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the district court abused its discretion and reverse the ruling of the district court

and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

       REVERSED AND REMANDED.

       Bower, J., concurs; Danilson, C.J., dissents.
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DANILSON, Chief Judge (dissenting)

       I respectfully dissent.     I would affirm because I believe there is a

significant risk of a concurrent conflict as observed by the district court in its well-

reasoned decision.
