                    COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


Present:   Judges Koontz, Bray and Senior Judge Hodges


RAYMOND RIVENBARK

v.   Record No. 1771-94-4

FAIRFAX COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

DIANA RIVENBARK                               MEMORANDUM OPINION *
                                                  PER CURIAM
v.   Record No. 0016-95-4                        MAY 23, 1995

FAIRFAX COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
             FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FAIRFAX COUNTY
                      Gerald Bruce Lee, Judge

            (Gabriel J. Zepecki; Wilson & Zepecki, on brief), for
            appellant Raymond Rivenbark.

           (James D. Young, on brief), for appellant Diana
     Rivenbark.

            (David P. Bobzien, County Attorney; Robert Lyndon
            Howell, Deputy County Attorney; Linda M. Dwyer,
            Assistant County Attorney, on brief), for appellee.



     Raymond Rivenbark (father) and Diana Rivenbark (mother)

appeal the decision of the circuit court terminating their

residual parental rights to their daughter, Martha.     In their

joint brief, the parents raise the following issues on appeal:

(1) whether the trial court erred in finding that the Fairfax

County Department of Human Development (Department) had made

reasonable and appropriate efforts to aid the parents in

substantially remedying the conditions that led to Martha's

     *
      Pursuant to Code § 17-116.010 this opinion is not
designated for publication.
foster care placement; (2) whether clear and convincing evidence

supported the trial court's finding that the Department had

provided father with appropriate and adequate services to promote

the parent-child relationship; and (3) whether the trial court

erred in determining that Martha's best interests were served by

remaining in foster care.    Upon reviewing the record and briefs

of the parties, we conclude that this appeal is without merit.

Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court.

 Rule 5A:27.
     "When addressing matters concerning a child, including the

termination of a parent's residual parental rights, the paramount

consideration of a trial court is the child's best interests."

Logan v. Fairfax County Dep't of Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123,

128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 463 (1991).       A trial court's judgment of a

child's best interests, "'when based on evidence heard ore tenus,

will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without

evidence to support it.'"    Id. (citations omitted).

     The trial court found by clear and convincing evidence that

termination of mother's and father's parental rights was in

Martha's best interests.    The trial court also determined that

the Department had satisfied the requirements of Code

§ 16.1-283(B) and (C)(2).

               I.   Reasonable and Appropriate Efforts

     Mother and father challenge the trial court's finding that

reasonable and appropriate efforts were offered unsuccessfully to



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the parents by the Department and other services to remedy

substantially the causes of Martha's neglect or abuse.    The

parents contend that many services to which the Department points

were provided after an earlier removal of the children in 1986,

and that the Department made insufficient efforts to remedy the

causes of Martha's neglect or abuse.

        Martha was placed into foster care pursuant to a consent

decree following an incident in 1992 in which mother repeatedly

kicked Martha and pulled her hair when Martha refused to leave a

fair.    At that time, mother and father admitted that they could

not guarantee Martha would not be harmed again.
        The record demonstrates that Martha is a special needs child

who is moderately mentally retarded and who has difficulty

communicating.    When Martha was placed into foster care, Martha

was unruly, uncontrollable, and barely able to perform basic

self-care tasks.    After intensive efforts by the foster care

parents with supporting personnel, Martha made substantial

progress.

        Testimony by the Department's witnesses demonstrated that

mother's capabilities are limited, that she is unable to deal

with abstract thinking and is easily frustrated.    Mother's scores

on psychological testing performed after the 1992 abuse incident

were consistent with those associated with abusive parents.

Repeatedly, the witnesses testified that while mother came to

parenting classes and genuinely loved her daughter, mother was




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unable to incorporate information she received in the classes

into her parenting behavior.

     The mental health professionals recommended in-home

assistance as the only method which might improve mother's

parenting skills.   Mother, however, refused to participate with

in-home assistance until Martha was returned home, although the

Department stressed that the training would also be helpful with

the daughter who remained in the home.   Thus, the only method

which offered some possibility of improving mother's parenting

skills was rejected by mother.
     In contrast, while father did not have the types of

limitations faced by mother, the trial court noted that father

had not "made efforts or been available to support [mother] where

she is deficient to assure that the children's needs for safety

are met . . . ."    Father left child care to his wife and gave no

indication he was willing to take on additional responsibilities

for Martha so that she could return home.   Father met with the

Department social worker only five or six times in a period of

over two years after Martha's removal, and was uncertain whether

he could protect Martha if mother became abusive.

     The trial court found that the parents were provided with

"home-based services, psychological evaluations, transportation

to visit Martha, access to additional medical care and special

education, and other services" in the two years after Martha's

removal.   The parents elected not to take advantage of most of




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the services offered.    "The law does not require the [Department]

to force its services upon an unwilling or disinterested parent."

 Barkey v. Commonwealth, 2 Va. App. 662, 670, 347 S.E.2d 188, 192

(1986).

     Therefore, we cannot say the trial court erred in finding

that the Department provided mother and father with reasonable

and appropriate assistance designed to eliminate the causes of

Martha's foster care placement.
                  II.   Services Provided to Father

     Father asserts that the trial court failed to require clear

and convincing proof that the Department provided him with

appropriate and adequate services to preserve his relationship

with Martha.   As noted above, however, the evidence demonstrated

that father had not taken advantage of the services offered to

the family.    In fact, father submitted to a psychological

evaluation only after the Department had sought a Rule to Show

Cause.    While father did not have the same limitations faced by

mother, father expressed no desire to assume additional

responsibilities in the family to compensate for the skills his

wife lacked.

     The trial court ruled that the Department had presented

evidence of father's unwillingness to substantially remedy the

conditions leading to Martha's foster care, thereby satisfying

the requirements of Code § 16.1-283(C)(2).    On review, we cannot

say the trial court's determination was plainly wrong or without



                                  5
evidence to support it.



                   III.   Martha's Best Interests

     Mother and father argue that the evidence does not establish

that termination of their parental rights is in Martha's best

interests.   The parents assert that the court failed to consider

their family photographs as evidence of the bonds of their

nuclear family and of Martha's condition prior to placement in

foster care.   The parents also contend that foster care placement

is not in Martha's best interests in light of the fact that her

current foster family is not interested in adopting her and the

probability that Martha will need life-long assistance.
     "'In matters of a child's welfare, trial courts are vested

with broad discretion in making the decisions necessary to guard

and to foster a child's best interests.'"    Logan, 13 Va. App. at

128, 409 S.E.2d at 463 (citation omitted).   The record

illustrates that Martha's serious behavioral and hygiene problems

went unimproved while Martha was in her parents' care, despite

the efforts by school personnel and the Department to assist the

family.   The trial court determined that Martha made substantial

progress while in foster care.   The testimony given in the trial

court demonstrates that that finding is supported by clear and

convincing evidence.

     Moreover, due to mother's own limitations and father's

failure to take a more active role in the family, there remains a



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substantial risk to Martha's safety if she were returned home.

Despite their love for Martha, the evidence demonstrates that the

parents have been unable to substantially remedy the conditions

which led to Martha's neglect and abuse.

     Therefore, the trial court's determination that Martha's

best interests were served by terminating mother's and father's

parental rights is supported by the evidence and is not plainly

wrong.
     Accordingly, the decision of the circuit court is summarily

affirmed.

                                             Affirmed.




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