          UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR VETERANS CLAIMS


                                           NO . 05-3246

                                   FRED J. VIGIL, APPELLANT ,

                                                V.


                                  JAMES B. PEAKE , M.D.,
                         SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, APPELLEE.


                        On Appeal from the Board of Veterans' Appeals

        (Argued October 25, 2007                           Decided February 12, 2008 )



       Kenneth M. Carpenter, of Topeka, Kansas, for the appellant.

       Nathan Paul Kirschner, with whom Paul J. Hutter, Acting General Counsel; R. Randall
Campbell, Assistant General Counsel; and Brian B. Rippel, Deputy Assistant General Counsel,
were on the brief, all of Washington D.C., for the appellee.

       Before KASOLD, LANCE, and SCHOELEN, Judges.

       KASOLD, Judge, filed the opinion of the Court. LANCE, Judge, filed a dissenting opinion.

       KASOLD, Judge: Veteran Fred J. Vigil appeals through counsel an August 2, 2005, Board
of Veterans' Appeals (Board) decision that denied entitlement to an effective date earlier than
January 25, 1989, for an award of service connection for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Mr.
Vigil argues that the Board erred in its determination that 38 C.F.R. § 3.156(c) (2005), regarding
effective date of awards, was not applicable in his case. For the reasons stated below, we will set
aside the Board decision and remand this matter for further adjudication.


                                       I. BACKGROUND
       In December 1980, Mr. Vigil filed a claim for PTSD that was ultimately denied because a
Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) examination determined that he did not have a PTSD
diagnosis. See Record (R.) at 6. Mr. Vigil filed a Notice of Disagreement to this decision and the
Secretary issued a Statement of the Case, however, Mr. Vigil did not pursue this appeal further and
the regional office (RO) decision became final.
       On January 25, 1989, Mr. Vigil submitted another application for compensation for PTSD.
R. at 75-76. VA informed Mr. Vigil that, because his claim had previously been denied, he needed
to submit new and material evidence to have the claim reconsidered. R. at 81. In 1991, Mr. Vigil
submitted a private medical opinion by Dr. Don Cole that established a PTSD diagnosis. While Mr.
Vigil's claim was pending, the U.S. Armed Services Center for Research of Unit Records
(hereinafter USASCRUR or CRUR) provided unit records to the RO describing an explosion at an
ammunition dump that Mr. Vigil previously described as one of his stressors.1 After a series of
remands, the RO, in 2001, awarded service connection for PTSD rated 100% disabling from January
25, 1989, the date of his claim to reopen.
       Mr. Vigil challenged this decision arguing that upon receipt of the USASCRUR records his
initial claim should have been reconsidered pursuant to 38 C.F.R. § 3.156(c) to determine if he was
entitled to an effective date earlier than January 25, 1989, the date on which he filed to reopen his
PTSD claim. In the decision on appeal, the Board determined that § 3.156(c) did not apply because
(1) the USASCRUR records received by the RO had not been misplaced or erroneously omitted
from the initial determination and therefore were not the type of record contemplated by the
regulation, and (2) there was no diagnosis of PTSD in the record at the time of the original decision
denying his claim. Having determined that § 3.156(c) was not for application, the Board declined,
pursuant to 38 C.F.R. § 3.400(q)(1)(ii) (2005), to set Mr. Vigil's effective date for service-connected
PTSD at a date earlier than the date of his claim to reopen.
       During the pendency of this appeal, the Secretary revised § 3.156(c) with a stated purpose
of, inter alia, clarifying the regulation to reflect current practices. See 38 C.F.R. § 3.156(c) (2007);
see also New and Material Evidence, 70 Fed. Reg. 35,388 (proposed June, 20, 2005) (codified at
38 C.F.R. pt. 3). At oral argument, the Secretary agreed that his clarifying statements in the
proposed rule should govern the interpretation of the pre-amended § 3.156(c) wherever relevant in
this case. Mr. Vigil also generally agreed that the clarifying statements governed here. Although



        1
           The USASCRUR is now known as the Army & Joint Services Records Research Center or the JSRRC.
Jennings v. Nicholson, No. 06-0758, 2007 W L 2429834, at *2 (Vet. App. Aug. 10, 2007).

                                                   2
the parties agree that the Secretary's interpretation is reasonable and applicable in this case, they
differ on whether this interpretation requires a claimant to be provided a retroactive medical
examination, with Mr. Vigil arguing he is so entitled and the Secretary arguing to the contrary.
Inasmuch as the parties agree that the Secretary's clarifying statements generally apply in this case,
and because we see no reason that they should not, see Tropf v. Nicholson, 20 Vet.App. 317,
320 (2006) ("We review the interpretation of regulations de novo."); see also 38 U.S.C. §
7261(a)(1); Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 844 (1984) (Court
must defer to the agency's interpretation of the statute unless it is "arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of
discretion or otherwise not in accordance with the law"), we will review the Board decision in light
of these clarifying statements.


                                          II. DISCUSSION
        Three aspects of the Secretary's clarifying statement with regard to the scope of § 3.156(c)
are relevant here: (A) Applicability of § 3.156(c) did not depend on whether the newly acquired
service records were corrected records or had been misplaced at the time a claim was filed, (B)
§ 3.156(c) authorizes an effective date as early as the date of the original claim up to the date of the
claim to reopen, and (C) application of § 3.156(c) requires a retroactive evaluation of disability.
                    A. 38 C.F.R. § 3.156(c) – Misplaced or Corrected Records
        The Board determined that 38 C.F.R. § 3.156(c) was not applicable to Mr. Vigil's claim
because the regulation comprehended official service department records that have been misplaced
or corrected. However, the Secretary's clarifying statement explicitly states that "in practice, VA
does not limit its reconsideration to 'misplaced' service department records." See New and Material
Evidence, 70 Fed. Reg. at 35,388. The clarifying statement further notes that the reference to
misplaced records in the regulation was intended to be an example of the types of records that might
allow a claimant to obtain an effective date prior to the date of reopening under § 3.156(c), and was
not limited solely to misplaced records. Accordingly, the Board erred in rejecting the application
of § 3.156(c) on this basis.
        Moreover, to the extent the Board rejected the application of § 3.156(c) on the basis that
USASCRUR records are not the type of records contemplated by the regulation because they were
"generated on behalf of an active and pending claim" (R. at 10), the Secretary explicitly cited

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CRUR records as an example of the type of records that are to be considered, as long as the claimant
provides "sufficient information for VA to identify and obtain the records." See New and Material
Evidence, 70 Fed. Reg. at 35,390. In this instance, USASCRUR records were obtained and used
to verify Mr. Vigil's stressors.2 See R. at 7-8, 326-27. Accordingly, the Board erred in rejecting the
application of § 3.156(c) simply because these records had not been misplaced or because they were
generated by USASCRUR upon the Secretary's request, and remand is warranted so that the Board
may consider the Secretary's clarifying statement when assessing the applicability of this regulation
in this case.3 See Tucker v. West, 11 Vet.App. 369, 374 (1998) ("[W]here the Board has incorrectly
applied the law, failed to provide an adequate statement of reasons or bases for its determinations,
or where the record is otherwise inadequate, a remand is the appropriate remedy.").
                                    B. 38 C.F.R. § 3.156(c) – Effective Date
         As the Secretary states in his clarifying statement, "'[a]n award based all or in part on the
records identified by . . . this section is effective on the date entitlement arose or the date VA
received the previously decided claim.'"                   New and Material Evidence, 70 Fed. Reg. at
35,389 (quoting the proposed § 3.156(c)). Moreover, by way of specific example, the Secretary
notes that when an initial claim is denied because of a lack of evidence of an in-service injury, but
is later granted based in part on subsequently acquired service records establishing the in-service
injury and new medical evidence showing a nexus between a current disability and that in-service
injury, the claimant is entitled to a retroactive evaluation of the disability to assess a proper effective
date which would be the date of the original claim or the date entitlement otherwise arose, whichever
is later. Id. In this sense, the original claim is not just re-opened, it is reconsidered and serves as
the date of the claim and the earliest date for which benefits may be granted. See id.
         Thus, depending on the facts, Mr. Vigil could be assigned an effective date as far back as his
original claim or the date on which entitlement arose, whichever is later, if § 3.156(c) ultimately is


         2
            Although not an issue in this case, we note that the Secretary's clarifying statement makes it clear that an
earlier effective date may be assigned under § 3.156(c) when an award is based "all or in part" on the newly obtained
service records. See New and Material Evidence, 70 Fed. Reg. at 35,389.

         3
            Contrary to the view of our dissenting colleague, we are not holding that § 3.156(c) warrants an earlier
effective date in this case or all cases that are denied for a lack of diagnosis and later reopened and granted, in part, on
service records not obtained previously, or that § 3.156(c) necessarily is for application here. Rather, we are holding
that the Board's decision that § 3.156(c) does not apply to Mr. Vigil's claim rests on a faulty premise.

                                                             4
deemed to be applicable in this case. For this reason, the Secretary's argument that the Board
decision should be affirmed because there is a plausible basis for its factual finding that Mr. Vigil
was not diagnosed with PTSD prior to 1989 is inapposite. Although the Board found that the
Secretary had fulfilled his duty to assist and that no further medical examination was warranted, this
finding was predicated, at least in part, on the Board's conclusion that § 3.156(c) was not for
application in this case on the improper grounds that certain records had not been misplaced
previously or were obtained from USASCRUR upon request. See R. at 4 ("A medical examination
is not relevant to the pending appeal, and as such, VA fulfilled its duties to the veteran to the extent
possible given the particular circumstances of this case."). If § 3.156(c) ultimately is deemed
applicable, the duty to assist would require not only the development of evidence regarding the
degree of disability associated with Mr. Vigil's PTSD, but also the development of evidence
regarding when Mr. Vigil first suffered from PTSD or the extent to which he suffered from PTSD
prior to the date of his claim to reopen. See 38 U.S.C. § 5103A(a)(1) (requiring the Secretary to
"make reasonable efforts to assist a claimant by obtaining evidence necessary to substantiate" the
claim); Forcier v. Nicholson, 19 Vet.App. 414, 421-22 (2006); 38 C.F.R. § 3.159(c) (2005).
                               C. Retroactive Evaluation of Disability
        Because the Board determined that § 3.156(c) was inapplicable to Mr. Vigil's claim, it did
not address whether a retroactive medical examination was required, or otherwise necessary to fulfill
the duty to assist. Moreover, the issue of the scope of the Secretary's obligation with respect to a
retroactive evaluation was raised for the first time at oral argument, and, particularly in light of the
fact that remand is otherwise warranted, this issue can be addressed in the first instance on remand.
See Maggitt v. West, 202 F.3d 1370, 1377-78 (Fed. Cir. 2000) (holding that the Court has discretion
to hear or to remand legal arguments raised for the first time on appeal).


                                           III. REMAND
        On remand, Mr. Vigil may present any additional evidence and argument in support of his
contention that he is entitled to an effective date prior to the date his claim was reopened and the
Board must consider any evidence and argument so presented. See Kay v. Principi, 16 Vet.App.
529, 534 (2002). This matter is to be provided expeditious treatment on remand. See 38 U.S.C. §
7112.

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                                         IV. CONCLUSION
        The August 2, 2005, decision of the Board is SET ASIDE and REMANDED for adjudication
consistent with this opinion.


        LANCE, Judge, dissenting: The essence of the majority opinion rests on the premise that
service records not requested by VA may be considered unavailable for that reason, and may be the
type of records subject to the exception provided in 38 C.F.R. § 3.156(c). However, for the purposes
of § 3.156(c), I believe that unavailable service records are those that VA had a duty to seek and,
for whatever reason, was not able to obtain. As I believe § 3.156(c) is not applicable in this case,
I must respectfully dissent. The Secretary's 2005 proposed rule change statement clarified that the
exception in § 3.156(c) allows for the reconsideration of decisions on the basis of newly discovered
service department records. The Secretary explained that the purpose of this section is to ensure that
the claimant is not harmed by "administrative deficiency of the government."               See New and
Material Evidence, 70 Fed. Reg. at 35,388. The Secretary further explained that the rule applies
"when VA receives official service department records that were unavailable at the time VA
previously decided a claim for benefits and those records lead VA [at least in part] to award a benefit
that was not granted in the previous decision." Id. (emphasis added). The Secretary's clarification
also recognized that in practice VA "does not limit its reconsideration to 'misplaced' service
department records", but rather, VA intended the reference to misplaced records as an example of
the type of service department records that may have been unavailable when it issued a decision on
the claim. Id.
        In assembling records relevant to a veteran's claim, VA has a duty to assist claimants in
obtaining government or private records that are "pertinent and specific to the claim." White v.
Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 519, 521 (1991) (citing 38 C.F.R. § 3.159(b)). However, VA has no duty to
develop evidence supporting a claim when there is no reasonable possibility that assistance by VA
will aid in substantiating the claim. 38 C.F.R. 3.159(d); See Forcier v. Nicholson, 19 Vet.App. 414,
423 (2003) (VA must assist in developing evidence that supports the existence of stressors unless
there is no reasonable possibility that assistance will substantiate the claim). In this case, the service
records at issue were not requested by VA when VA first adjudicated the appellant's claim in 1982.

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VA had no duty to seek out records corroborating the appellant's PTSD stressors at that time because
his examining physician reported that he did not meet the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. R. at 59.
Hence, corroboration of the appellant's stressors through USASCRUR records would not have
substantiated his claim for PTSD absent a diagnosis. In 1997, after the appellant requested to have
his PTSD claim reopened and a diagnosis of PTSD was received, VA sought to corroborate the
appellant's stressors by obtaining USASCRUR records, which the USASCRUR duly furnished.
There is no support in the record, nor any allegation, that these USASCRUR records were ever
unavailable for any reason. Further, VA's process was not deficient because it did not seek evidence
in 1982 that it had no duty to obtain, and that, ultimately, would not have aided the appellant in
substantiating his claim. As such, § 3.156(c) is simply inapplicable to the appellant's claim.
       Moreover, not only does the majority's interpretation of § 3.156(c) ignore the Secretary's
stated purpose in promulgating the regulation, it results in a circumvention of the statutorily
mandated effective date provided by 38 U.S.C. § 5110(a). Pursuant to the statute, the effective date
of an award based on a claim reopened after final adjudication "shall not be earlier than the date of
receipt of application therefor." 38 U.S.C. § 5110(a). However, under the majority's application
of § 3.156(c), every PTSD claim finally denied solely because of a lack of a diagnosis and is later
reopened on the basis of a current diagnosis is entitled to an effective date potentially relating back
to the originally denied claim. This is so because, upon evidence of a PTSD diagnosis, VA must
proceed for the first time to attempt to corroborate the in-service PTSD stressors with unit or service
records. If corroborating records are recovered, the majority interprets this to trigger the
application of § 3.156(c). Applied in this manner, § 3.156(c) performs an unanticipated end-run
around section 5110(a) by permitting assignment of an earlier effective date for reopened claims
even in the absence of any governmental deficiencies and unavailable records.
       Finally, the reason I find § 3.156(c) inapplicable is not because the USASCRUR records in
this case were not relevant to the reopening of the appellant's claim. As noted by the Court at oral
argument, the Secretary's clarifying comments in the Federal Register proposed to remove the "new
and material" requirement of § 3.156(c) because, in practice, the relevance of previously
unavailable service records to the reopening of a claim does not affect whether VA applies §
3.156(c). See New and Material Evidence, 70 Fed. Reg. at 35,388. Rather, § 3.156(c) does not
apply because the USASCRUR records in this case were never unavailable. Accordingly, the Board

                                                  7
correctly determined that 38 C.F.R. § 3.400(q)(1)(ii) was the relevant and applicable regulation
relating to the proper effective date of the appellant's reopened PTSD claim. R. at 11. Section
3.400(q)(1)(ii) provides:
        (q) New and material evidence (§ 3.516)–(1) Other than service department
        records–(ii) Received after final disallowance. Date of receipt of new claim or date
        entitlement arose, whichever is later.
Here, the appellant reopened his PTSD claim with evidence of a current PTSD diagnosis. R. at 84-
86. It was only during the appeals process that the PTSD diagnosis was confirmed and VA had a
duty to seek corroborating evidence of the appellant's in-service stressors. USASCRUR records
were obtained after VA's first request for such records in 1997. R. at 219-41. As these records were
 never unavailable, § 3.156(c) is inapposite, and the Board properly applied § 3.400(q)(1)(ii)
entitling the appellant to an effective date of January 25, 1989.
       The majority remands this matter to the Board for further development hinging on the
possibility that a retrospective examination will show the appellant suffered from PTSD symptoms
prior to 1989. However, no amount of further development will render § 3.156(c) applicable to the
facts of this case. Whether or not the appellant experienced symptoms prior to 1989 does not alter
the fact that VA had no duty to seek USASCRUR records prior to the current reopening because
there was no established diagnosis of PTSD before that. Here, after a diagnosis was established, VA
sought to confirm the appellant's stressors and USASCRUR records were recovered subsequent to
VA's first request in 1997. R. at 219-41. For all the reasons stated above, no amount of further
consideration or development by the Board will alter the fact that the USASCRUR records were
never unavailable during the prior proceeding and a remand is not warranted. See NLRB v. Wyman-
Gordon Co., 394 U.S. 759, 766 n.6 (1969) (stating that judicial review of an agency's action should
not be converted into a "ping-pong game" where remand is "an idle and useless formality").
Accordingly, I would affirm the Board's August 2, 2005, decision.




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