                             NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                            APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
     This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
  internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.




                                                     SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                     APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                     DOCKET NOS. A-3409-17T1
                                                                 A-3484-17T1

WILLIAM TOOLEN, in his official
capacity as President of the New
Jersey Law Enforcement Supervisors
Association, and NEW JERSEY LAW
ENFORCEMENT SUPERVISORS
ASSOCIATION,

       Petitioners-Appellants,

and

LANCE LOPEZ, in his official
capacity as President of the
Policemen's Benevolent Association
Local #105, and POLICEMEN'S
BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION
LOCAL #105, on behalf of all
its members,

       Petitioners,

and

COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF
AMERICA, AFL-CIO, NEW JERSEY
STATE POLICEMEN'S BENEVOLENT
ASSOCIATION STATE LAW
ENFORCEMENT UNIT, and NEW
JERSEY INVESTIGATORS
ASSOCIATION, FRATERNAL
ORDER OF POLICE LODGE #174,

      Petitioners/Intervenors,

and

EDWARD SULLIVAN, in his official
capacity as President of the New Jersey
Superior Officers Law Enforcement
Association, and the NEW JERSEY
SUPERIOR            OFFICERS      LAW
ENFORCEMENT ASSOCIATION, on
behalf of all its members,

      Petitioners/Intervenors-
      Appellants,

v.

THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY and
PHILIP D. MURPHY, in his official
capacity as Governor of the State of New
Jersey,1

     Respondents-Respondents.
____________________________________

            Argued telephonically May 4, 2020 –
            Decided May 21, 2020

            Before Judges Sabatino, Sumners and Geiger.

1
  The original caption listed Christopher James Christie, in his official capacity
as Governor of the State of New Jersey, as a respondent. We have substituted
Philip D. Murphy, the current Governor, based upon Rule 4:34-4, which
provides for automatic substitution of the current officeholder.
                                                                          A-3409-17T1
                                        2
           On appeal from the New Jersey Public Employment
           Relations Commission, PERC Nos. 2018-29 and 2018-
           36.

           Frank M. Crivelli argued the cause for appellants
           William Toolen and New Jersey Law Enforcement
           Supervisors Association in A-3409-17 (Crivelli &
           Barbati, LLC, attorneys; Frank M. Crivelli and Donald
           C. Barbati, on the briefs).

           Kevin D. Jarvis argued the cause for appellants Edward
           Sullivan and New Jersey Law Enforcement Supervisors
           Association in A-3484-17 (O'Brien, Belland &
           Bushinsky, LLC, attorneys; Kevin D. Jarvis, on the
           brief).

           William K. Kennedy argued the cause for respondents
           State of New Jersey and Philip D. Murphy
           (Montgomery, McCracken, Walker & Rhoads, LLP,
           attorneys; William K. Kennedy and Erin K. Clarke, on
           the briefs).

           Don Horowitz, Senior Deputy General Counsel, argued
           the cause for respondent Public Employment Relations
           Commission (Christine Lucarelli, General Counsel,
           attorney; Don Horowitz, on the briefs).

PER CURIAM

     We consolidate these back-to-back appeals and issue a single opinion.

Petitioners William Toolen and the New Jersey Law Enforcement Supervisors

Association (NJLESA), and petitioners-intervenors Edward Sullivan and the




                                                                    A-3409-17T1
                                     3
New Jersey Superior Officers' Law Enforcement Association (NJSOLEA) 2

appeal from the dismissal of their transferred Law Division complaints by the

Public Employment Relations Commission (PERC), and the denial of their

motion for reconsideration.

      In their complaints, petitioners sought the payment of salary increments

during the interim between the expiration of collective negotiations agreement s

(CNA) and the adoption of successor CNAs (the interim period). They alleged

that the payment of salary increments during the interim period is mandated by

various State statutes and were wrongfully withheld by the State.

      PERC dismissed the complaints, determining that the statutes petitioners

relied upon did not support their claims. PERC also denied petitioners' motion

for reconsideration, which was premised on alleged procedural errors, on the

ground that no extraordinary circumstances and exceptional importance

warranted reconsideration.

      Since the time of the denial of reconsideration, the NJLESA and

NJSOLEA (collectively, the unions) have negotiated successor CNAs with the




2
  The NJLESA represents those employees in the primary level supervisory law
enforcement unit. The NJSOLEA represents those employees in the secondary
level supervisory law enforcement unit.
                                                                        A-3409-17T1
                                       4
State, pursuant to which the salary increments at issue have been retroactively

paid.

        The State had CNAs in place for July 1, 2011 through June 30, 2015, with

both the NJLESA (produced through interest arbitration) and the NJSOLEA.

Both CNAs acknowledged the existence and continuation during the terms of

the agreements of the State Compensation Plan, which incorporates the concept

of a salary range with specific minimum and maximum rates, and intermediate

incremental steps for each position.

        Both CNAs also provided for the payment of annual salary increments

during the terms of the agreements. Specifically, both CNAs provided: "Normal

increments shall be paid to all employees eligible for such increments within the

policies of the State Compensation Plan during the term of this Agreement ."

        Neither CNA conditioned the payment of salary increments on

appropriations by the Legislature. However, other wage increases, payable in

July of each year, were expressly conditioned upon "appropriations of funds for

these specific purposes."

        In terms of automatic renewal, the NJLESA's agreement stated: "The

contract shall automatically be renewed from year to year [after contract

expiration] unless either party gives written notice of its desire to terminate,


                                                                         A-3409-17T1
                                        5
modify or amend the Agreement."         No similar language appeared in the

NJSOLEA's agreement.

      By letter dated June 29, 2015, the State informed the NJLESA that "[i]f a

new agreement is not in place by July 1, 2015," the payment of salary increments

would not be continued pending negotiations. The NJSOLEA received a similar

letter, also dated June 29, 2015.

      On July 7, 2015, the NJLESA and its president, William Toolen, filed a

verified complaint in the Law Division against defendants State of New Jersey

and then-Governor Christie, in his official capacity. The complaint alleged

defendants wrongfully withheld salary increments to union members after

expiration of the July 1, 2011-June 30, 2015 CNA, in violation of the Civil

Service Act, as well as the regulations and the Compensation Compendium

adopted pursuant to the Civil Service Act. Plaintiffs moved to proceed in a

summary manner and sought an order to show cause as to why the requested

relief should not be granted. On July 9, 2015, the court entered an order to show

cause.




                                                                         A-3409-17T1
                                       6
      A few weeks later, the NJSOLEA moved to intervene in the litigation.

Additional unions also moved to intervene.3 In August 2015, the court entered

orders granting intervention. That same month, defendants moved under Rule

4:6-2(e) to dismiss the complaints filed by plaintiffs and plaintiffs-intervenors.

On October 13, 2015, the motion court heard argument on the motion to dismiss,

and reserved decision.

      While the motions were still awaiting decision, counsel advised the court

that plaintiffs NJLESA and PBA #105, and plaintiffs-intervenors the SLEU and

NJSOLEA, had filed unfair labor practice charges with PERC based upon the

State's failure to pay salary increments during the interim period.

      In March 2017, the motion court issued an oral decision and order

transferring the case to PERC without deciding the motion to dismiss. In the

order, the court directed that "PERC shall consider asking the Civil Service

Commission (CSC) for its views of the statutes relied upon by plaintiffs,

including seeking the views of the [CSC] as to what constitutes the 'State

employee compensation plan.'"



3
  The other intervenors were the Communication Workers of America AFL-
CIO, the New Jersey State Policemen's Benevolent Association State Law
Enforcement Unit (SLEU), and the New Jersey Investigators Association
Fraternal Order of Police Lodge 174. None are participating in this appeal.
                                                                          A-3409-17T1
                                        7
      In November 2017, petitioners moved before PERC to consolidate the

transferred case with pending unfair labor practice charges filed by the union

petitioners, which also related to the non-payment of salary increments during

the interim period. The State opposed the motion and sought a ruling on its still

undecided motions to dismiss.

      Ultimately, PERC scheduled the case for hearing. In response, the parties

jointly requested an adjournment, and for the matter to be "held in abeyance

until further notice," so that the new Governor's administration could have "an

opportunity to analyze the issues involved" before PERC took formal action.

PERC denied this request.

      On January 25, 2018, PERC issued a written decision and order denying

the motion to consolidate and dismissing the complaint. PERC denied the

motion to consolidate on the ground that the complaint raised different legal

issues than the pending scope of negotiations petitions and unfair labor practice

charges.

      PERC dismissed the complaint on the ground that the statutes relied upon

by petitioners did not mandate the payment of salary increments during the

interim period. Rather, in accordance with the Supreme Court's decision in In

re County of Atlantic, 230 N.J. 237 (2017), that issue was a mandatory subject


                                                                         A-3409-17T1
                                       8
of collective negotiations. Based on this legal analysis, PERC found it was not

necessary to seek input from the CSC.

      PERC explained that dismissal of the complaint did not affect the pending

unfair labor charges filed by the unions:

            Doing so will not prevent the Toolen plaintiffs from
            seeking a ruling, via their unfair practice charges or an
            arbitrator if the charges [were] deferred to grievance
            arbitration, that the increments should have been paid
            under the [Employer-Employee Relations Act, N.J.S.A.
            34:13A-1 to -43] or the CNA, as the case may be.
            Dismissing the Toolen complaint will only preclude the
            plaintiffs and intervenors from relitigating before this
            Agency their claims that Titles 11, 52, and 53 mandated
            the payment of increments and step movement during
            the hiatus period.

      Appellants moved for reconsideration. On February 22, 2018, PERC

issued a written decision and order denying reconsideration, finding no

"extraordinary   circumstances    and       exceptional   importance    warranting

reconsideration." 4 These appeals followed.5


4
  On April 3, 2018, Toolen and the NJLESA appealed from the February 22,
2018 PERC order (No. A-3409-17). On April 9, 2018, Sullivan and the
NJSOLEA did likewise (No. A-3484-17). An April 13, 2018 amended notice of
appeal included the January 25, 2018 PERC order.
5
  We deny the motion filed on the cusp of oral argument (M-5977-19) seeking
to postpone the disposition of this appeal because of the then-pendency of
PERC's unfair labor practice ruling.


                                                                           A-3409-17T1
                                        9
      During oral argument before this court, counsel acknowledged that

through collective negotiations that took place while this appeal was pending,

the parties have resolved to their satisfaction the payment of the salary

increments at issue.6

      We also take judicial notice that shortly before oral argument before this

court, PERC issued a consolidated April 30, 2020 final decision (Docket Nos.

CO-2016-107 and CO-2016-118), adjudicating the unfair practice charges filed

by NJLESA and NJSOLEA as a result of the State's unilateral discontinuation

of salary increments during the interim period.7 PERC adopted the Hearing

Examiner's findings of fact and conclusions of law "that the State violated

N.J.S.A. 34:13A-5.4(a)(5) and, derivatively, N.J.S.A. 34:13A-5.4(a)(1) by

unilaterally discontinuing the payment of salary guide step increments to


6
    In November 2018, the State and NJLESA executed a Memorandum of
Agreement (MOA) covering July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2019, that provided for the
payment of salary guide increments during that period. The salary increments
were paid to NJLESA bargaining unit members in late August 2018. Similarly,
in July 2018, the State and NJSOLEA executed a MOA covering the same period
that also provided for the payment of salary guide increments during that period.
The salary increments were paid to NJSOLEA bargaining unit members in early
December 2018. Thus, all affected bargaining unit members have been made
whole on the principal amounts through payment of the salary increments in
question.
7
   See N.J.R.E. 201(a) (permitting judicial notice of determinations of
governmental agencies).
                                                                         A-3409-17T1
                                      10
NJLESA and [NJSOLEA] unit employees upon expiration of their respective

2011-2015 CNAs." PERC "held that the State was required under the Act and

the facts of the case to maintain the status quo of regular salary guide increments

post-contract expiration." PERC also awarded prejudgment interest to NJLESA

employees, in accordance with the rates established under Rule 4:42-11, from

February 22, 2018 to August 30, 2019. As part of its decision, PERC ordered

the State to cease and desist from certain specified activities, required the State

to pay the awarded prejudgment interest within thirty days, and required the

State to "[n]egotiate in good faith with the NJLESA and [NJSOLEA] over any

proposed changes to the salary guide increment systems set forth in the parties'

CNAs and maintain the status quo regarding salary guide movement during

those negotiations by paying salary increments to eligible NJLESA and

[NJSOLEA] unit employees."

      Petitioners raise the following points for our consideration:

            POINT A

            PERC ERRED IN DISMISSING THE APPELLANTS’
            VERIFIED COMPLAINT AND DENYING THEIR
            SUBSEQUENT           MOTION         FOR
            RECONSIDERATION.     AS   SUCH,   PERC’S
            DETERMINATIONS MUST BE REVERSED.




                                                                           A-3409-17T1
                                       11
POINT B

PERC ERRED IN FAILING TO: (1) CONSOLIDATE
THIS MATTER WITH THE PENDING UNFAIR
PRACTICE    CHARGES;      (2)   ESTABLISH
PROCEDURES FOR HANDLING THE MATTER
ONCE TRANSFERRED; AND (3) SOLICIT INPUT
FROM THE CSC.

POINT C

PERC DID NOT POSSESS JURISIDICTION TO
DECIDE THE APPELLANTS’ CLAIMS AND, THUS,
EXCEEDED ITS AUTHORITY IN DOING SO.

POINT D

PERC ERRED IN DETERMINING THE STATUTES
AT ISSUE DID NOT MANDATE THE PAYMENT OF
STEP INCREMENTS AT THE EXPIRATION OF
THE CNA BETWEEN THE PARTIES.

POINT E

THE SUPREME COURT’S DECISION IN COUNTY
OF ATLANTIC FURTHER SUPPORTS THE
VIABILITY OF THE APPELLANTS’ CLAIM FOR
RELIEF.

POINT F

PERC    WRONGFULLY    DENIED         THE
APPELLANTS’       MOTION             FOR
RECONSIDERATION.




                                            A-3409-17T1
                   12
            POINT G

            THE  APPELLANTS’  APPEAL    TO                     THIS
            HONORABLE COURT WAS TIMELY.

For the following reasons, we dismiss the appeals as moot.

      As we have noted, while these appeals were pending, the State entered

into MOAs with the NJLESA and NJSOLEA for successor CNAs covering the

period July 1, 2015, through June 30, 2019. The MOAs resolved the issue of

salary increments to be paid.

      Petitioners acknowledge that the salary increments at issue have been

paid. They nevertheless argue that the appeal should be resolved because it

raises legal issues that are of substantial importance, which are likely to recur,

yet capable of evading review. In this regard, Toolen and the NJLESA state in

their brief, without citation to any documents in the record, that during

negotiations with the State the NJLESA "sought to include language in the CNA

requiring the continued payment of salary increments post-contract expiration,"

consistent with County of Atlantic, 230 N.J. at 253. However, "the State refused

to agree to the inclusion of such language into the successor agreement" and

maintained "that the payment of salary increments is not required following the

expiration of a [CNA], but rather remains in [the State's] discretion."



                                                                          A-3409-17T1
                                       13
      "Mootness is a threshold justiciability determination rooted in the notion

that judicial power is to be exercised only when a party is immediately

threatened with harm." Betancourt v. Trinitas Hosp., 415 N.J. Super. 301, 311

(App. Div. 2010). It is the "policy of the courts to refrain from . . . deciding

moot cases." N.J. Turnpike Auth. v. Parsons, 3 N.J. 235, 240 (1949). Our courts

"do not resolve issues that have become moot due to the passage of time or

intervening events.” City of Camden v. Whitman, 325 N.J. Super. 236, 243

(App. Div. 1999).

      An issue is moot when a judicial decision, when rendered, can have no

practical effect on the existing controversy. Redd v. Bowman, 223 N.J. 87, 104

(2015); State v. Davila, 443 N.J. Super. 577, 584 (App. Div. 2016). A party's

conduct, such as settlement, may render issues moot. See, e.g., Discover Bank

v. Shea, 362 N.J. Super. 90 (App. Div. 2003) (appeal rendered moot by

settlement); Rybeck v. Rybeck, 150 N.J. Super. 151, 155-56 (App. Div. 1977)

(challenge to constitutionality of statute rendered moot by settlement of action).

      Generally, our courts refrain from rendering advisory opinions or

functioning in the abstract.   DeVesa v. Dorsey, 134 N.J. 420, 428 (1993);

Jackson v. Dep't of Corr,, 335 N.J. Super. 227, 230 (App. Div. 2000).

Nevertheless, a court will sometimes resolve an issue, notwithstanding its


                                                                          A-3409-17T1
                                       14
mootness, where the issue is of substantial importance, and is likely to recur but

capable of evading review. Zirger v. Gen. Accident Ins. Co., 144 N.J. 327, 330

(1996); DeVesa, 134 N.J. at 428.

      Here, the core issue presented, whether the State is legally obligated to

pay salary increments during the interim period between an expired CNA and

implementation of a successor CNA, has been rendered moot by the entry into

successor CNAs covering the time period at issue. The successor agreements

provide for retroactive payment of the disputed salary increments, and the State

has fully paid the increments. Therefore, petitioners have obtained through

negotiation what they sought through litigation, and our decision c an have no

meaningful practical effect. Petitioners also obtained a favorable legal ruling

through PERC's April 30, 2020 final decision on the unfair labor charges ,

subject to the State's right to appeal.

      Petitioners are correct that the legal issue may recur, and it presents a

question of substantial public interest. However, the issue is not so time-

sensitive that it is capable of evading review. Similar issues have been resolved

by the Judiciary in the recent past. See, e.g., In re County of Atlantic, 445 N.J.

Super. 1 (App. Div. 2016), aff'd on other grounds, 230 N.J. 237 (2017).




                                                                          A-3409-17T1
                                          15
      Furthermore, a full resolution of the complex legal issues raised by

appellants would entail addressing the interplay of several statutes that may

implicate constitutional questions. Due to the settlement that was reached after

the appeal was filed, this case is no longer "the proper vehicle for determination

by us of the significant issues raised by [petitioners]." Rybeck, 150 N.J. Super.

at 155-56. Moreover, constitutional questions should not be addressed "unless

absolutely imperative to resolve issues in litigation." City of Camden, 325 N.J.

Super. at 243. Accord Tarus v. Borough of Pine Hill, 189 N.J. 497, 515 (2007);

Bell v. Stafford, 110 N.J. 384, 389 (1988). For these additional reasons, we

decline to render an advisory opinion in this matter.

      Because we dismiss these appeals as moot, we need not and do not reach

the other arguments raised by petitioners or respondents.

      Dismissed as moot.




                                                                          A-3409-17T1
                                       16
