                             UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                             FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA



 SILVERIO AZAMAR, et al.,

            Plaintiffs,
                   v.                                      Civil Action No. 08-1052 (JDB)
 LEON STERN, et al.,

            Defendants.


                                  MEMORANDUM OPINION

        This case arises from the claims of thirteen plaintiffs that defendants Leon Stern and The

Cleaning Infantry, Inc., as their employers, failed to pay plaintiffs the minimum wage, agreed-

upon wages, and/or overtime wages for cleaning services they provided, and that plaintiffs

suffered retaliation for requesting these wages, allegedly in violation of the Fair Labor Standards

Act ("FLSA"), 29 U.S.C. §§ 201 et seq., and District of Columbia and Maryland labor laws. See

Second Am. Compl. (Dec. 3, 2008).

        On September 21, 2010, this Court issued a memorandum opinion and order granting

plaintiffs' motion for sanctions and ordering the Clerk of Court to enter Leon Stern in default for

failing to respond to written discovery requests by plaintiffs and to orders of this Court.1 See

Azamar v. Stern, 269 F.R.D. 53, 55 (D.D.C. 2010); Order, ECF Docket No. 6 (Sept. 21, 2010).

However, based on representations made at an October 1, 2010, hearing by Russ Hecht, counsel

for Leon Stern, as well as by Stern himself, the Court directed defendant to file a discovery

memorandum by not later than October 15, 2010, as well as a motion to vacate the entry of



        1
            A default had already been entered against The Cleaning Infantry on December 31,
2008.
default. It also authorized defendant to lodge -- without deciding that he would be able to pursue

-- a proposed third-party complaint against Coverall Inc. Status Hr'g Tr. 35-36:11 & 40:6-15

(Oct. 1, 2010) ("Tr.").2 Through counsel, Stern subsequently submitted three documents: (1) a

discovery memorandum, (2) an unsigned submission purporting to be a proposed third-party

complaint against Coverall North America, Inc., but which also contained counterclaims against

Azamar, and (3) a motion to vacate the entry of default against Stern. Plaintiffs have moved to

strike the third-party complaint and counterclaims, and oppose the motion to vacate the entry of

default. For the reasons described below, the Court will grant defendant's motion to vacate the

entry of default. It will also grant plaintiffs' motion to strike.

                                        BACKGROUND

        This Court previously granted plaintiffs' motion for sanctions and ordered the Clerk of

Court to enter Leon Stern in default. See Azamar, 269 F.R.D. at 55; Order, ECF Docket No. 60

(Sept. 21, 2010). The sanctioning of Stern was based on his failure, through counsel, but also by

his own design, to timely respond to written discovery requests propounded by plaintiffs, as well

as to orders by this Court. Counsel entered an appearance on Stern's behalf on April 6, 2010, but

representation by counsel failed to result in Stern's compliance with the discovery requests. The

Court held a status hearing on July 2, 2010, at which the parties discussed Stern's failure to

respond to the discovery requests. The Court granted one further extension of time, until July 16,

2010, for Stern to respond. See Second Revised Scheduling Order, ECF Docket No. 54 (July 2,

2010). Stern then failed again to respond to the discovery requests. The Court then ordered


        2
         At that hearing, the Court also ordered defendant to file a notice of appearance for new
counsel, or to indicate that he was proceeding pro se. However, as stated in his motion to vacate
default, Hecht will continue to represent the defendant in this action. See Def.'s Mot. to Vacate
Default at 1 n.1, ECF Docket No. 69 (Nov. 15, 2010).

                                                    2
Stern to respond to the motion by August 16, 2010. Stern failed to respond to the motion as well.

The deadline for all discovery in the case had expired on September 9, 2010, again with no

response from Stern. Under those circumstances, the Court found that sanctions were warranted

under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(b)(2)(A) and 37(d)(1)(A), and that an order entering

default against Stern was the appropriate sanction because Stern had repeatedly failed to respond

to plaintiffs' written discovery requests and to this Court's orders. Azamar, 269 F.R.D. at 54-55.

On September 22, 2010, an entry of default, ECF Docket No. 62, was made as to Leon Stern.

       Shortly thereafter, Stern contacted Chambers, asking the Court to reconsider its decision

granting plaintiffs' motion for sanctions and the entry of default, and attempting to raise issues

concerning his alleged inability to communicate with defense counsel Hecht. The Court

determined that the subjects raised by Stern should be addressed at a status hearing. See Minute

Order (Sept. 27, 2010). A hearing was held on October 1, 2010 where counsel for plaintiffs, as

well as Hecht and Stern, appeared before this Court. At the hearing, Stern expressed his desire to

obtain new counsel, and both Stern and Hecht attempted to explain their communication

difficulties, which, they claimed, had a corresponding effect on their ability to respond to

discovery obligations and to the directives of this Court. Tr. 13:19-14:7 & 16:10-19:24. Defense

counsel also chronicled a series of family illnesses and personal circumstances that required him

to be away from his office frequently and which made it difficult for him to timely respond to

requests. Tr. 13-14:22. Because of the conduct of Stern and his counsel, the Court stated that

the entry of default would remain in place but, upon consideration of the circumstances described

by Hecht and Stern and the representations made at the hearing, the Court ordered Stern to file a

memorandum outlining the steps taken to comply with his discovery obligations by October 15,

2010. Tr. 35:12-22. The Court also granted leave for defendant to lodge a proposed third-party

                                                  3
complaint against Coverall Inc., although it did not determine whether to accept the untimely

claims in light of the default. Tr. 40:7-15.

       Stern timely filed the discovery memorandum on October 15, 2010. See Counsel for Def.

Leon C. Stern's Discovery Mem., ECF Docket No. 66 (Oct. 15, 2010) ("Discovery Mem."). The

next day, Stern also lodged his proposed third-party complaint against Coverall North America,

Inc. See ECF Docket No. 67. However, in that same filing, he attempted to raise three

counterclaims against plaintiff Silverio Azamar -- malicious abuse of process, intentional

infliction of emotional distress, and breach of contract. See Def.'s Counterclaims and Third Party

Compl. ¶¶ 49-83 (Oct. 26, 2010). Plaintiffs have subsequently moved to strike these

counterclaims. See Pl.'s Mot. to Strike, ECF Docket No. 68 (Oct. 22, 2010). Stern also filed a

motion to vacate the entry of default against him, see Def.'s Mot. to Vacate Default, ECF Docket

No. 69 (Nov. 15, 2010), which plaintiffs, in turn, have opposed. See Pl.'s Mem. in Opp. to Mot.

to Vacate Default, ECF Docket No. 70 (Nov. 16, 2010) ("Pl.'s Opp.").

                                       DISCUSSION

I.     Vacating entry of default

       A court has broad discretion to assess sanctions -- including that of dismissal or default

judgment -- for conduct that has "severely hampered the other party's ability to present his case,"

for conduct that has placed "an intolerable burden . . . by requiring the court to modify its own

docket and operations in order to accommodate the delay," and for conduct that is "disrespectful

to the Court and to deter similar misconduct in the future." See Webb v. District of Columbia,

146 F.3d 964, 971 (D.C. Cir. 1981) (internal quotations and citations omitted). However, federal

policy instructs that the resolution of an action on the merits is favored over the dismissal of a

case through default judgment. See Webb, 146 F.3d at 971 (calling default judgment a "sanction


                                                  4
of last resort"); Jackson v. Beech, 636 F.2d 831, 835 (D.C. Cir. 1980); Keegel v. Key West &

Caribbean Trading Co., 627 F.2d 372, 373 (D.C. Cir. 1980).

       In addition to the preference for resolving a case on the merits, courts in this jurisdiction

have also applied a more lenient standard for setting aside an entry of default under Rule 55 than

for setting aside a default judgment under Rule 60 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.3 See

Keegel, 627 F.2d at 375 n.5 (citing 10 Charles Alan Wright & Arthur R. Miller, Federal Practice

& Procedure § 2694); Capital Yacht Club v. Vessel Aviva, 228 F.R.D. 389, 392 (D.D.C. 2005)

(noting that in a motion to vacate default judgment, "the higher burden for upsetting a default

judgment attaches rather than the lower burden for vacatur of default.") Accordingly, pursuant to

Rule 55(c), a court can use its discretion to set aside an entry of default for "good cause shown."

Before granting a motion to set aside an entry of default, however, a court must consider and

weigh three factors: (1) whether the default was willful, (2) whether the plaintiff would suffer

substantial prejudice by a decision to set aside the default and, (3) whether the defendant has

presented a meritorious defense. Haskins v. U.S. One Transp, LLC, 755 F. Supp. 2d 126, 129

(D.D.C. 2010) (citing Whelan v. Abell, 48 F.3d 1247, 1259 (D.C. Cir. 1995), and Keegel, 627 F.

2d at 374 n.5). All doubts are resolved in favor of the party seeking relief from the default.

Jackson, 636 F.2d at 835.



       3
          Defendant has failed to comply with Local Civil Rule 7(g), because a verified answer
did not accompany his motion to vacate an entry of default. Nevertheless, courts have proceeded
with considering the merits of a motion to vacate default despite the failure to comply with this
rule, partially due to the preference for allowing a case to proceed on the merits rather than
allowing the entry of default to stand on a purely procedural ground. See, e.g., Acree v. Republic
of Iraq, 658 F. Supp. 2d 124, 128 (D.D.C. 2009) (considering merits of the motion to set aside
default despite movant's failure to provide verified answer); Harris v. District of Columbia, 159
F.R.D. 315, 317 (D.D.C. 1995) (same) (internal quotations and citations omitted). In any event,
plaintiffs have not asserted Stern's failure to comply with this rule in their opposition to setting
aside the entry of default.

                                                 5
       A.      Willfulness

       The Court need not necessarily find that Stern acted in bad faith in order to establish that

the delays and lack of responsiveness to his discovery obligations were willful. See Capital Yacht

Club, 228 F.R.D. at 393 (stating that "[t]he court need not find bad faith to conclude that the

defendant acted willfully" in considering a motion to set aside default); see also Jackson, 636

F.2d at 836 (assuming without deciding the issue that negligence can constitute willful default).

       Stern maintains that discovery had been provided to plaintiffs in advance of the July 16,

2010 due date. See Def.'s Mot. to Vacate Default ¶ 3; Discovery Mem. ¶¶ 3-8, 13; Tr. 7:23-9:5.

Specifically, he claims that he provided all responsive documents he had in his possession in

April 2010, and then supplemented these documents with photocopies of two checks showing

lump-sum payments made to plaintiff Azamar in October 2010. Discovery Mem. ¶¶ 3-7, 12.

Stern also maintains that his responses, particularly in response to requests for documents, reflect

his position that he had no employees and hence no records related to plaintiffs' employment with

him. Id. ¶ 14; Def.'s Mot. to Vacate Default ¶ 9. Stern also claims that he sent draft responses to

interrogatories and document requests on June 24, 2010 and final, verified responses on July 28,

2010, which, he concedes, is twelve days after the deadline for final responses to plaintiffs'

interrogatories and document requests. Discovery Mem. ¶¶ 8-9 & 17. Both the draft and final

responses to the interrogatories and document requests were attached to and filed with Stern's

discovery memorandum. See ECF Docket Nos. 64-1, 64-2, 64-3 & 64-4.

       After considering this record, as well as the submissions and representations made by

Stern, the Court cannot conclusively say that Stern's actions with respect to his discovery

obligations and failure to respond were willful. Stern maintains that he responded to the

document requests and interrogatories, though he also concedes that the final responses to such


                                                 6
requests and interrogatories sent on July 28, 2010 were untimely. See Discovery Mem. ¶ 17.

Plaintiffs do not dispute that they received these draft interrogatory and document request

responses, nor that Stern ultimately sent verified interrogatory answers, as well as a supplement

to the initial document production. Tr. 26:1-6. Instead, plaintiffs point to the number of Stern's

missed deadlines as well as the repeated extensions of time granted to defendant by this Court as

indicative of the willfulness of Stern's behavior. And, in fact, the Court admonished Stern for his

disregard of discovery obligations and court orders, calling such behavior unacceptable. Tr.

15:6-16:1 & 36:12-21. But the Court is also cognizant of Stern's initial status as a pro se litigant,

and defense counsel's unfortunate personal circumstances regarding a series of serious family

illnesses, and therefore gave Stern an opportunity to file both a memorandum explaining the

steps taken to comply with his discovery obligations and a motion to vacate the entry of default.

Stern, through counsel, filed both in a timely manner, which indicates, at least in part, a

willingness to remain actively involved in this litigation and an attempt to remedy his past

conduct in his dealings with opposing counsel as well as this Court.

        Hence, in considering the representations made by Stern and defense counsel at the

hearing, the timeliness of the motion to vacate the entry of default and the discovery

memorandum, as well as the contents of the discovery memorandum itself, the Court is

somewhat assuaged that Stern's failure to comply with certain discovery deadlines and court

orders may not have been wholly willful, although Stern is certainly far from blameless. The

Court neither condones nor considers Stern's conduct to be excusable. Furthermore, the Court

still maintains some reservations about Stern's diligence in attending to this case, as indicated by

counsel's submission of an unsigned paper. Nevertheless, the Court will resolve any present

doubts it has regarding the willfulness of Stern's conduct in his favor at this time. See Capital


                                                  7
Yacht Club, 228 F.R.D. at 393 (resolving doubt about party's willful default in favor of the

defaulting party).

       B.      Meritorious Defense

       The second factor a court considers in vacating an entry of default is whether the

defaulting party has a meritorious defense. In this Circuit, a movant seeking to vacate an entry of

default is not required conclusively to prove a defense, but need only assert a defense that it may

prove at trial. See Whelan, 48 F. 3d at 1259; see also Keegel, 627 F.2d at 374 (noting that "a hint

of a suggestion" rather than the likelihood of success is enough to constitute a meritorious

defense); Capital Yacht Club, 228 F.R.D. at 394 (observing that "[t]he D.C. Circuit has allowed

'somewhat broad and conclusory' allegations to suffice.") (citing Keegel, 627 F.2d at 374).

       In Haskins v. U.S. One Transportation, LLC, Judge Urbina, in considering a motion to

vacate an entry of default in a case involving claims under FLSA and the D.C. Wage Payment

and Wage Collection Act, found the presence of a meritorious defense where the defendant's

claim that it bore no liability in the action was premised on the argument that defendant was not

the plaintiffs' employer. 755 F. Supp. 2d 126, 130 (D.D.C. 2010). Here, plaintiffs allege claims

against Stern pursuant to FLSA, 29 U.S.C. §§ 201 et seq., the D.C. Wage Payment and Wage

Collection Law, D.C. Code §§ 32-1301, the D.C. Minimum Wage Act Revision Act of 1992,

D.C. Code §§ 32-1001 et seq., the Maryland Wage Payment and Collection Law, Md. Code Ann.

Lab. & Empl. § 3-501 et seq., as well as breach of contract and unjust enrichment claims. See

Sec. Am. Compl. ¶¶ 95-131. In an affidavit submitted in support of his motion to vacate the

entry of default, Stern appears to argue with respect to the labor and wage claims, as well as the

derivative employment-related claims, that he is not an "employer" and that plaintiffs are not

"employees." Affidavit of Leon Stern ¶¶ 31-32 (Nov. 12, 2010) ("I never hired anyone. I never


                                                 8
asked [Azamar] or anyone to do any work . . . . I never had any of these persons as employees. In

my mind and in our work, they were independent contractors or employees of Coverall.").

Another argument Stern appears to advance is that plaintiffs have overstated their work hours

and, in any event, have been paid by Coverall or other companies, and hence are not entitled to

any compensation under the labor laws since there have been no violations. Id. ¶¶ 29, 30 & 33.

Such arguments have been presented inartfully in Stern's pro se "answer" but they appear to have

been consistently asserted by Stern throughout this action. See Def.'s Mot. to Vacate Default ¶¶

8-9 (claiming that it was impossible for the plaintiffs to have worked over forty hours and that

"Stern has always maintained he was not an employer of the plaintiffs"); Tr. 28:7-25 (Stern

claiming that Azamar was an independent contractor, that any money Azamar received, he

decided to keep for himself and not pay the others, and that plaintiffs were, in fact, paid by

Coverall); Discovery Mem. ¶ 14 (indicating that Stern maintains that he was not an employer and

had no employees).

       It is premature to say whether Stern will, in fact, succeed on the merits of proving any of

these defenses, much less all of them. However, as this Circuit instructs, even where the

defenses may be broad and conclusory, Keegel, 627 F.2d at 374, Stern has "asserted a defense

which, if proven, would free [him] from liability, which is all that this Circuit requires,"

Haskins, 755 F. Supp. 2d at 130 (quoting Keegel, 627 F. 2d 372 at 374. If Stern can demonstrate

that he was not an "employer" or that plaintiffs were not "employees" under the FLSA and D.C.

and Maryland labor laws, then Stern may be able to prevail on the merits of that defense, at least

with respect to some of the claims.4 For the present purpose of vacating the entry of default, and


       4
         All the claims alleged by plaintiffs require a predicate finding as to whether Stern was
an "employer" or had some kind of employment relationship with plaintiffs. The labor law
statutes which form the bases of plaintiffs' wage and hour violations require that the violating

                                                  9
resolving any doubts in favor of the party seeking vacatur, the Court finds that this factor, too,

weighs in favor of setting aside the entry of default as to Stern.

       C.      Prejudice

       The third factor to be considered by the Court is whether plaintiffs would suffer

substantial prejudice by the set-aside of default. Stern claims that plaintiffs were not prejudiced

by the late filing of discovery because his draft document responses were largely the same as his

final document responses, and his final answers to plaintiffs' interrogatories did not advance the

plaintiffs' claims for recovery but gravely impaired them. Discovery Mem. at 22. Plaintiffs

claim that they will suffer substantial prejudice if the default is vacated because it is "unfair and

unjustified for Mr. Stern to continue to be afforded accommodations by this Court while

Plaintiffs continue to wait to be paid." Pl.'s Opp. at 4. While the Court is mindful of and

sympathetic to the impact on plaintiffs of the delays created by Stern and his counsel, it is well-

established that delay, by itself, does not constitute prejudice. Haskins, 755 F. Supp. 2d at 131

(citing KPS & Assocs. Inc. v. Designs by FMC, Inc., 318 F.3d 1, 15 (1st Cir. 2003)); see also

Keegel, 627 F.2d at 374 (stating that delay in satisfaction of plaintiff's claim was an insufficient

reason to require affirmance of an entry of default).

       Here, plaintiffs do not claim that the delays have caused or will cause evidence to be lost,

or have allowed Stern to engage in fraud or collusion. See Capital Yacht Club, 228 F.R.D. at

394 ("The issue [in assessing prejudice] is not mere delay, but rather its accompanying dangers:

loss of evidence, increased difficulties of discovery, or an enhanced opportunity for fraud or




party be an "employer" within the meaning of the respective acts. The statutes and interpretive
caselaw may construe the term "employer" differently, but Stern maintains that he had no
employees, and was therefore not an employer, under any test.

                                                  10
collusion"); see also 10A Charles Alan Wright & Arthur R. Miller § 2699.5 Therefore, the Court

finds that plaintiffs are not substantially prejudiced by the delay in adjudication of this case on

the merits.

                                *       *       *        *       *

        In sum, in balancing the factors of the willfulness of defendant's conduct, the existence of

meritorious defenses to the claims, and any substantial prejudice, and in consideration of the

preference for the adjudication of a case on the merits rather than dismissal of a case via default,

the Court finds that Stern has demonstrated good cause to set aside the entry of default.

However, the Court's patience is wearing thin, and it cautions Stern as follows: should Stern

(either by his own design or through counsel) relapse in failing to timely respond to court orders,

or otherwise fail to comply with his obligations to expeditiously litigate this case, absent

extraordinary circumstances (which Stern must promptly make this Court aware of), the Court

will not grant Stern another reprieve from default or other appropriate sanctions.

        D.      Costs

        Although the Court grants Stern's motion to set aside the entry of default, it finds that

sanctioning Stern by assessing costs against him is not only appropriate, but warranted. See

Walls v. Paulson, 250 F.R.D. 48, 51 (D.D.C. 2008) (stating that imposing less severe sanctions,

such as an award of attorneys' fees, may be "sufficiently effective in alerting an irresponsible

litigant to the seriousness of his or her neglect, protecting the interests of the other litigants in the


        5
          Plaintiffs also claim that they would be prejudiced by the set-aside of default because
Stern would then be given the opportunity to pursue his counterclaims against them, id. at 4, but
the Court observes that defendant has not expressly sought leave, nor has he been granted such
leave, to file his counterclaims. Indeed, as explained herein, the Court will grant plaintiffs'
motion to strike these counterclaims. Hence, plaintiffs' argument with respect to any prejudice
resulting from any counterclaims raised by Stern is premature and irrelevant to the current
motion to vacate the entry of default.

                                                    11
case, and vindicating the integrity of the court") (internal quotations omitted); see also Capital

Yacht Club, 228 F.R.D. at 395 (noting that in deciding to set aside a default, a condition most

commonly imposed is that the defendant reimburse the plaintiff for costs because of the default).

The imposition of costs should come as no surprise to Stern, who even suggested that some

measure of costs, rather than the more severe sanction of dismissal, would be an appropriate

sanction. See Tr. 9:24-10:1; Def.'s Mot. to Vacate Default ¶ 14 ("rather than a default, perhaps an

award of attorney's fees to the Plaintiff for having to seek sanctions for the discovery delays may

be warranted") The Court also advised the parties that should vacatur be granted, it would

consider imposing costs on Stern as a lesser sanction. Tr. 40:2-3.

       Here, the assessment of costs is necessary because plaintiffs have been required to expend

time and resources in seeking sanctions against Stern, and in responding to the ensuing vacatur

motion. Hence, the next step in this case will be the filing of an evidentiary submission on the

amount of fees and costs to be awarded to plaintiffs. Plaintiffs shall submit their quantification

of fees and costs, including any evidence in support of an award, by not later than July 27, 2011;

Stern's response, if any, shall be submitted by not later than August 26, 2011. The parties are

encouraged to confer in an effort to resolve the issue.

II.    Motion to Strike

       Finally, Stern also seeks to lodge three counterclaims against plaintiff Azamar: malicious

use of process, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and breach of contract. See Def.'s

Counterclaims and Third Party Compl. ¶¶ 49-70. With respect to his first two causes of action

for malicious use of process and intentional infliction of emotional distress, Stern claims that

Azamar, by proceeding with this action, did so with malice and in bad faith, with the intent of

causing Stern humiliation, anxiety and financial harm, and that, as a result, did in fact cause such


                                                 12
damages to Stern. See id. ¶¶ 49-64. In his third counterclaim for breach of contract, Stern claims

that Azamar breached his contract with Stern by failing to utilize properly the funds that Stern

paid him, by entering into a side contract with Coverall to circumvent Stern's existing cleaning

contracts with the Cheesecake Factory, and by using Stern's equipment and transportation

without compensation to Stern. See id. ¶¶ 65-70. Plaintiffs move to strike Stern's counterclaims

on the basis that they are untimely, filed without leave of court or of the plaintiffs, and filed

without the signature of Stern or his counsel. See Pl.'s Mot. to Strike at 1.

        None of these counterclaims was raised in Stern's answer, which Stern submitted in

October 2009 while he was proceeding pro se. See Def's Answer, ECF Docket No. 47 (Oct. 30,

2009). But Stern subsequently obtained representation by Hecht in April 2010, and although the

Court gave Stern subsequent chances to file an amended answer, including any counterclaims

and any third-party complaint, see Revised Scheduling Order, ECF Docket No. 54 (April 23,

2010); Second Revised Scheduling Order, ECF Docket No. 56 (July 2, 2010), no such

amendments were forthcoming.6

       Finally, as plaintiffs indicate, there is another problem with respect to Stern's purported

submission. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11(a), "[e]very pleading, written

motion, and other paper must be signed by at least one attorney of record . . . [t]he Court must

strike an unsigned paper unless the omission is promptly corrected after being called to the

attorney's or party's attention." (emphasis added). Stern's counterclaims and third-party




       6
         Furthermore, a request for leave to amend in this jurisdiction "'must be submitted in the
form of a written motion'" and must "state with particularity the grounds for seeking the order."
See Jones v. Horne, 634 F.3d 588, 603 n.7 (D.C. Cir. 2011) (citing Benoit v. U.S. Dep't of
Agriculture, 608 F.3d 17, 21 (D.C. Cir. 2010)). Stern has not filed such a motion nor sought
leave to amend his answer.

                                                  13
complaint do not bear any signature.7 Plaintiffs indicated to this Court that they notified Stern of

the deficiency on October 18, 2010. But in any event, Stern should have realized this omission

upon reading plaintiffs' motion to strike, which is premised in part on Stern's submission of an

unsigned paper. However, to date, Stern has failed to provide an explanation for the deficiency

or to seek leave of the Court to correct this omission. Hence, the Court must grant plaintiffs'

motion to strike the purported third-party complaint and counterclaims, but will grant this motion

without prejudice to Stern.8 See, e.g., U.S. v. Toms, Civ. No. 07-2253, 2009 WL 277306, at *1

(Sept. 1, 2009) (striking motions from the docket because neither motion was signed by party, or

party's attorney, but doing so without prejudice). Should Stern seek to file a third-party

complaint and/or seek leave to amend his answer by asserting counterclaims against plaintiffs, he

must do so by not later than July 13, 2011; furthermore, such pleadings should be signed, and

should otherwise comply with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the Local Civil Rules.

       While the Court will afford Stern one more opportunity to proceed with this case by



       7
        Under Local Civil Rule 5.4, counsel could have also signed this filing by electronic
means, but failed to do so.
       8
         Because the Court grants plaintiffs' motion to strike pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 11(a) on the basis that the submission was unsigned, it need not decide whether such
counterclaims are untimely or consider the argument that such counterclaims should not be
permitted since they were filed without consent and without leave of court. However, it bears
mentioning that Stern did not seek leave of the Court to essentially amend his answer to append
the three counterclaims. Under Rule 15, a party may amend a pleading with the opposing party's
consent or with leave of court. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2). The Court should also freely give
leave when justice so requires. Id. However, this applies only when a movant has actually
sought leave to amend the complaint; otherwise, "absent a motion, there is nothing to be 'freely
given.'" See Belizan v. Hershon, 434 F.3d 579, 582 (D.C. Cir. 2006). Furthermore, liberality of
leave to amend under Rule 15 does not mean a party can do so if the amendment is futile. See
James Madison Ltd. v. Ludwig, 82 F.2d 1085, 1099 (D.C. Cir. 1996) (stating that a court can
deny a motion to amend a complaint as futile if the proposed claim would not survive a motion to
dismiss). Plaintiffs have raised serious doubt as to whether at least some of Stern's amendments
would be futile.

                                                 14
setting aside the entry of default against him, the Court remains troubled by the carelessness that

Stern continues to exhibit in this case, which is shown not only by his recent submission of

unsigned papers, but by the failure to rectify or otherwise explain such an omission once notified

of its deficiency. Although the Court has endeavored to be accommodating, this tolerance has its

limits.

                                           CONCLUSION

          For the foregoing reasons, defendant's motion to vacate the entry of default and plaintiffs'

motion to strike defendant's counterclaims and third-party complaint will be granted. Plaintiffs

are directed to file a memorandum in support of their assessment of fees and costs, including any

evidence in support of an award, by not later than July 27, 2011; Stern's response, if any, shall be

submitted by not later than August 26, 2011. A separate order accompanies this memorandum

opinion.




                                                               /s/
                                                       JOHN D. BATES
                                                   United States District Judge

Date: June 9, 2011




                                                   15
