                                                                              F I L E D
                                                                       United States Court of Appeals
                                                                               Tenth Circuit
                        UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                              DEC 14 2000
                                    TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                          PATRICK FISHER
                                                                                    Clerk

 SOPHIE MOGHADASSI,

          Plaintiff-Appellant,
 v.

 STATE OF OKLAHOMA
 DEPARTMENT OF
 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY;
 MARK S. COLEMAN, in his official
 capacity as Executive Director, State of
 Oklahoma Department of Environmental
 Quality; H. A. CAVES, in his official                      No. 99-6273
 capacity, State of Oklahoma Department              (D.C. No. CIV-98-0535-T)
 of Environmental Quality; DON                     (Western District of Oklahoma)
 BARRETT, in his official capacity, State
 of Oklahoma Department of
 Environmental Quality and in his
 individual or personal capacity; BRUCE
 LUCAS, in his official capacity, State of
 Oklahoma Department of Environmental
 Quality and in his individual or personal
 capacity,

          Defendants-Appellees.


                                 ORDER AND JUDGMENT*




      *
         This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of
law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the
citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under
the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
Before BALDOCK, Circuit Judge, McWILLIAMS, Circuit Judge, and SHADUR**,
District Judge.


       After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of this

appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered

submitted without oral argument. (Oral argument was not requested by any party.)

       On April 15, 1998, Sophie Moghadassi (“plaintiff”), brought suit in the United

States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma against the State of Oklahoma

Department of Environmental Quality (“Department”), Mark S. Coleman (“Coleman”), in

his official capacity as Executive Director of the Department, H. A. Caves (“Caves”), in

his official capacity within the Department, Don Barrett (“Barrett”), in his official

capacity within the Department, and individually, and Bruce Lucas (“Lucas”), in his

official capacity within the Department, and individually. The action was based on Title

VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e, et seq., and 42

U.S.C. §§ 1981 and 1983.

       In her complaint, plaintiff, a female, identifies her race as being Middle-Eastern

and her national origin as being Iranian. From the complaint we learn that plaintiff was

hired by the Department on or about December 16, 1996, as a Senior Environmental




       Honorable Milton I. Shadur, District Judge, United States District Court,
       **

Northern District of Illinois, sitting by designation.

                                            -2-
Engineer. She went on to allege that during the course of her employment by the

Department, she was treated “differently and less favorably” by her immediate supervisor,

Lucas, because of her race, nationality, and gender, as well as by her second-line

supervisor, Barrett, also because of her race, national origin, and gender, and that she was

eventually terminated on August 6, 1997, when her extended probationary period was

about to expire.1 For a first cause of action, plaintiff alleged that the Department, Barrett

and Lucas violated Title VII by treating her differently and less favorably, and subjecting

her to derogatory remarks concerning her race and nationality, and that the defendants

extended her probationary period and eventually terminated her employment, because of

her race, gender and national origin. A second count, based on 42 U.S.C. § 1981, was

directed at the Department, Coleman, Caves, Barrett and Lucas, and was also based on

different and less favorable treatment, extension of her probationary period and eventual

termination of her employment because of race and national origin. The third and last

count, based on 42 U.S.C. § 1983, was also directed at the Department, Coleman, Caves,

Barrett and Lucas, and was again based on different and less favorable treatment,

extension of her probationary period and eventual termination of her employment because

of race, gender and national origin. Plaintiff sought a permanent injunction,

reinstatement, back pay, prejudgment interest, and compensation for all past and future


       1
        After plaintiff’s termination, she was retained on the list of eligible engineers, and
was later interviewed by the Department, but was not re-offered a position with the
Department.

                                             -3-
pecuniary losses, as well as attorney’s fees and costs.

       On or about June 23, 1998, a joint answer was filed on behalf of all five

defendants. Discovery ensued. On January 4, 1999, a joint motion for summary

judgment was filed on behalf of all defendants, to which plaintiff filed a response. The

defendants filed a reply to the response. On June 11, 1999, the district court granted

defendants’ motion for summary judgment and entered judgment in favor of the

defendants and against plaintiff, who now appeals that judgment.

       In granting the defendants’ motion for summary judgment, the district court noted

that plaintiff had conceded in her response to the motion that her Title VII claim was

being asserted against the Department only, and not against the individual defendants.

The district court further noted that to the extent the individual defendants were being

sued in their official capacity, they were immune from damages under the doctrine of

sovereign immunity. The district court then held that on the basis of the evidentiary

matter before it, plaintiff had failed to make a prima facie showing of intentional

discrimination by any defendant under the rubric of McDonnell Douglas v. Green, 411

U.S. 792 (1973).2 Specifically, the district court concluded that plaintiff had failed to


       2
        In its review of the evidentiary matter before it, the court mentioned, inter alia,
that another female of Iranian birth, Afsaneh Afkham, was hired by the Department as an
Engineer I at the same time plaintiff was hired and that Afkham’s probationary status was
also extended for three months, but that unlike the plaintiff, Afkham completed her
extended probationary period, was permanently hired by the Department and later
promoted, and continues in her employment with the Department. The district court also
noted that defendants Barrett and Lucas had previously recommended hiring plaintiff as

                                             -4-
show that “a nexus exists between these allegedly discriminatory statements and the

adverse employment decision.” In connection therewith, the district court observed that

“isolated comments” unrelated to the challenged employment decision are insufficient to

show the requisite discriminatory animus. The district court mentioned, as an alternative

basis for granting summary judgment, that plaintiff had not shown that defendants’

proffered reasons for termination were pretextual. The defendants’ proffered reasons for

plaintiff’s termination were her unauthorized use of, or placement of access to, America

Online on her office computer and an incident wherein “she pressed a pencil into Lucas’

hand during a meeting.” At the same time the district court rejected any suggestion by

plaintiff that the defendants, or any of them, had retaliated against her for filing

discrimination charges by failing to rehire her to her old job.

       On appeal, plaintiff’s principal argument is that the district court erred in granting

summary judgment for the defendants because there were genuine issues of material fact.

In other words, according to the plaintiff, there was sufficient evidentiary matter before

the district court from which a fact finder could reasonably conclude that she had made a

prima facie case of race, national origin and gender discrimination. Such is not our

reading of the record.

       Our review of the record convinces us that the district court did not err in granting

defendants’ motion for summary judgment. In this regard, the district court concluded



an Engineer I.

                                             -5-
that isolated statements, perhaps indicative of a discriminatory intent when made, are

insufficient to show discriminatory intent in a subsequent termination decision, citing, for

example, Cone v. Longmont United Hosp. Ass’n, 14 F.3d 526, 531 (10th Cir. 1994). In

Cone, we stated that Ms. Cone had to show that a “nexus exists between those allegedly

discriminatory statements and the hospital’s decision to terminate her.” Id. The district

court alternatively held that defendants had articulated a legitimate business reason for

plaintiff’s termination and that plaintiff failed to make a sufficient showing that the

articulated reason was pretextual. Sanchez v. Phillip Morris Inc., 992 F.2d 244, 247 (10th

Cir. 1993). We agree. 3 Nor did the district court err in holding that plaintiff had failed to

make a sufficient showing to support her retaliation claim based on failure to rehire.

       Judgment affirmed.


                                                   Entered for the Court,


                                                   Robert H. McWilliams
                                                   Circuit Judge




       In Kendall v. Watkins, 998 F.2d 848, 851 (10th Cir. 1993) we stated that “merely
       3

showing” that an employer’s articulated reason for an adverse employment action was
“wrong” or “unreasonable,” and not a “sound business reason” or even a “fair one,” does
not prove intentional discrimination, citing Gray v. University of Arkansas, 883 F.2d
1394, 1401 (8th Cir. 1989).

                                             -6-
