                                 Cite as 2017 Ark. App. 162


                   ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                     DIVISIONS II & III
                                       No. CV-16-40

                                                   Opinion Delivered   March 8, 2017

 KRISTOPHER ALMEIDA                        APPEAL FROM THE BENTON
                                 APPELLANT COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
                                           [NO. CV-2013-1123-3]
 V.
                                                   HONORABLE THOMAS SMITH,
 METAL STUDS, INC. d/b/a DRYWALL                   JUDGE
 CREWS, INC.
                          APPELLEE SUBSTITUTED OPINION ON
                                   GRANT OF REHEARING;
                                   AFFIRMED


                           BRANDON J. HARRISON, Judge

       On 14 December 2016, we issued an opinion that dismissed this appeal for lack of a

final, appealable order. Almeida v. Metal Studs, Inc., 2016 Ark. App. 602, ___ S.W.3d ___.

Almeida petitioned for rehearing and asked this court to reconsider the decision. We accept

his invitation, grant the rehearing petition, and issue this substituted opinion on the merit

of his argument.

       Kristopher Almeida appeals an order of the Benton County Circuit Court that

entered monetary sanctions against him for failing to appear at a scheduled hearing. He

argues that he cannot be sanctioned for not appearing at the rescheduled hearing because

the circuit court did not reduce the setting to a written order and file it.

       The procedural history of the circuit court case gives context to Almeida’s appeal.

In July 2013, Drywall Crews, Inc. (DCI), filed a complaint for injunctive and declaratory
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relief against Almeida.1 The complaint alleged that Almeida, a former employee of DCI,

had violated the parties’ confidentiality and noncompetition agreement. In August 2013,

the circuit court entered a preliminary injunction that ordered Almeida to return certain

equipment to DCI and enjoined him from working for one of DCI’s competitors. The

injunction order took effect immediately and remained in effect “pending a superseding

Order of this Court or until July 15, 2015, whichever is first.” Almeida answered in August

2013. No further action was taken in the case for more than one year.

       In October 2014, DCI initiated discovery by filing a request for admissions. After

several delays, Almeida filed a response to the request for admissions in January 2015. In

late January 2015, DCI filed a motion for contempt, alleging that Almeida had “willfully

and maliciously” violated the preliminary injunction.         Not long thereafter, DCI and

Almeida filed motions to compel discovery. The court entered an order in June 2015

requiring both parties to provide discovery and to complete depositions within thirty days.

The court set a hearing for July 16 to “address any remaining discovery issues and to proceed

on Plaintiff’s Motion for Contempt.”

       The July 16 hearing convened as scheduled; but because certain discovery was still

not completed, including Almeida’s deposition of Mr. Avalos, the court announced,

       [W]e’re going to pick another day to finish this. And I’m going to let you do
       your deposition, notice him up, and do whatever you’ve got to do to get the
       rest of your deposition, and then you all can finish this. . . . I want all of your
       discovery done by August 31. . . . I’m going to take up and finalize this
       contempt part of this on August 28 at 1:15.



       1
        Adrian Avalos was also a named defendant, but he was dismissed without prejudice
from the case in November 2013.
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The court also found that the preliminary injunction would be extended to August 31 and

concluded, “I’ll see you all back August 28 at 1:15. I want all of that discovery done that

you’ve told me needs to be finished.”

       On 27 August 2015, Almeida filed a “motion for continuance of docket call”

requesting that the August 28 hearing be rescheduled. In the motion, Almeida’s counsel

claimed that he had learned about the scheduled hearing on August 26 and that the “new

hearing date has caught Defendant and counsel by surprise.” Counsel also argued that “no

Order has ever been entered by the Court from the July 16 docket call regarding its rulings

on discovery or the extension of the Preliminary Injunction.” DCI opposed this motion

and argued that the circuit court continued the contempt hearing until August 28 in open

court, that this should not be a surprise to counsel or his client, and that the contempt

hearing had already been continued several times to allow Almeida time to conduct

discovery.

       When the circuit court reconvened the hearing on August 28, Almeida did not show.

When asked why his client was not present, counsel said, “Because I didn’t know we had a

contempt hearing today.” Counsel argued that there was “no docket entry . . . no order of

anything,” but the court stated, “When somebody is sitting right here in this courtroom,

and they’re given an order of the Court to come here at one o’clock on this date, with their

client sitting right there, they need to have their butt here.” Counsel later acknowledged

that he thought the hearing date was August 31 and that he was “terribly sorry.” But he

also argued that Arkansas Rule of Civil Procedure 58 required the court to enter a written

order before his client could be sanctioned for not appearing at the rescheduled hearing.

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       The court imposed a sanction of “$3,500 in fees, for him not showing up” and also

awarded travel and hotel expenses for Avalos, who had traveled from Texas for the hearing.

The court explained,

       He’s sanctioned today, because we all sat here, set this hearing right here on
       this calendar, as we sat here, to come back and finish the hearing. Made it
       clear we were coming back here. That’s why he’s sanctioned today; because
       he’s not here, and should have been here. . . . [W]hether he would’ve gotten
       a written order or not, the order of the court that he heard was to be here.
       It’s in the transcript.

On 9 September 2015, the court entered a written order stating, “The Court enters

monetary sanctions against Defendant for failing to be present on August 28, 2015. The

sanctions consist of $3,500.00 for attorney’s fees and $1,198.00 representing the air fare and

hotel accommodations of Plaintiff’s witness, Adrian Avalos, for a total of $4,698.00.” The

court also continued the contempt hearing again to 25 September 2015. Almeida moved

the court to reconsider the sanctions, but it did not rule on the motion.

       Here, Almeida argues only that court orders must be in writing and be entered in

accordance with Administrative Order No. 2 to become effective. He essentially says that

he cannot be in contempt because the court’s “announcements” at the close of the July 16

hearing—including the next hearing date on August 28—were not reduced to a “written,

definite order.” In other words, Almeida views the oral pronouncement as an invalid order.

He cites Exigence, LLC v. Baylark, 2010 Ark. 306, 367 S.W.3d 550, where our supreme

court reversed the imposition of sanctions and the striking of an answer after Exigence failed

to comply with a discovery order. In that case the circuit court orally ordered Exigence to

provide discovery within twenty days on September 15, but an order to that effect was not



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entered until October 8. The October 8 order also set a deadline of October 5, which had

already passed. Under those circumstances, the supreme court held:

       It is clear to this court from the September 15 hearing that the circuit court
       wanted the discovery provided within twenty days from the hearing, but an
       order to that effect still had to be entered to be effective. Rule 58 of the
       Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure provides that a judgment or decree is
       effective only when set forth on a separate document and entered as provided
       in Arkansas Supreme Court Administrative Order No. 2. Ark. R. Civ. P. 58
       (2009). . . . This court has made it clear that a judgment or decree is not
       effective until it has been “entered” as provided in Rule 58 and Administrative
       Order No. 2. [citations omitted]. . . . In this case, the order requiring the
       documents to be produced by October 5 was not entered and thus did not
       become effective until October 8, thus making it impossible for Exigence to
       comply with the order. Because the order was not timely entered and is
       deficient on its face, a violation of that order cannot not [sic] be a proper basis
       for the award of sanctions.

Exigence, 2010 Ark. 306, at 12–13, 367 S.W.3d at 556–57.

       Almeida’s sole argument on appeal is that, like Exigence, he was sanctioned for an

order that was “not even written, let alone entered,” so the circuit court’s sanctions in this

case should be reversed. DCI claims that Almeida was obligated to attend the August 28

hearing and that a written order was not required to compel his attendance. It also contends

that Almeida’s absence was either criminal or civil contempt.

       The circuit court’s decision to continue and reschedule a hearing in open court does

not fall within the ambit of Arkansas Rule of Civil Procedure 58. The rescheduled hearing

was set for a specific day, a specific time, on the record in open court, and with Almeida

and his counsel present. No subsequent written order memorializing the court’s setting was

required to compel Almeida’s attendance given the circumstances. We therefore decline to

reverse the sanctions order that resulted from Almeida’s absence during the August 28

hearing.
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       Affirmed.

       VIRDEN, GLOVER, WHITEAKER, and MURPHY, JJ., agree.

       GRUBER, C.J., dissents.

       RITA W. GRUBER, Chief Judge, Dissenting. Because I believe that our court

lacks jurisdiction to hear this appeal, I respectfully dissent. The question of whether an order

is final and subject to appeal is a jurisdictional question, which the appellate court will raise

sua sponte. Hankook Tire Co., Ltd. v. Philpot, 2016 Ark. App. 386, at 6, 499 S.W.3d 250,

253. An appeal may be taken from a “final judgment or decree entered by the circuit court”

or from an order that in effect “determines the action and prevents a judgment from which

an appeal might be taken, or discontinues the action.” Ark. R. App. P.–Civ. 2(a)(1), 2(a)(2)

(2016). The fundamental policy behind this rule is to avoid piecemeal appeals. Hankook,

supra. A final judgment is the cornerstone of appellate jurisdiction, and this requires that the

order dismiss the parties from the court, discharge them from the action, or conclude their

rights to the subject matter in controversy. Id.

       The trial court in Hankook granted appellee’s motion to compel discovery and for

sanctions pursuant to Ark. R. Civ. P. 37. Appellant’s notice of appeal cited contempt with

sanctions as the basis to invoke appellate jurisdiction. Hankook, 2016 Ark. App. 386, at 7,

499 S.W.3d at 254. We noted that the trial court did not hold appellant in contempt—

although it could have done so—but simply assessed attorney’s fees for discovery

obstruction, and we found that a Rule 54(b) certificate appended to the order lacked




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supportive facts to permit an immediate appeal of the order.1 Id. Because the appeal was

taken from a non-final, non-appealable order, we found that we lacked jurisdiction to

consider it. Id. at 8, 499 S.W.3d at 254.

       When Mr. Almeida failed to appear at the contempt hearing, the trial court assessed

sanctions against him. The court did not hold him in contempt, and the contempt hearing

itself was continued to a future date. This was an interim sanction based on Mr. Almeida’s

failure to appear, and there is no 54(b) certificate to permit immediate appeal. Our court

originally dismissed the case without prejudice, drawing an analogy to Hankook, and held

that the trial court’s order imposing sanctions against Mr. Almeida was not a final, appealable

order. I am still of that viewpoint, and I would deny the petition for rehearing.

       Law Office of Joel E. Cape, PLC, by: Joel E. Cape, for appellant.

       Mostyn Prettyman, PLLC, by: Joshua Q. Mostyn, for appellee.




       1
         Arkansas Rule of Appellate Procedure–Civil 2(a)(11) permits appeal when the order
is not final but a valid Rule 54(b) certificate supports immediate appeal, which requires that
the trial court make an express determination supported by specific factual findings that
there is no just reason for delay. Id. at 6–7, 499 S.W.3d at 253.

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