                              SUPERIOR COURT
                                   of the
                            STATE OF DELAWARE
Jeffrey J Clark                                            Kent County Courthouse
  Judge                                                         38 The Green
                                                               Dover, DE 19901
                                                          Telephone (302)735-2111

                                  May 24, 2018


Ms. Gnei Lehner                                      Michael J. Logullo, Esq.
7016 Nimitz Drive                                    Rawle & Henderson, LLP
Forestville, MD 20747                                300 Delaware Avenue
                                                     Suite 1105
                                                     Wilmington, DE 19899

                  RE: Gnei Lehner v. Dover Downs, Inc.
                      K16C–01-026 JJC

                               Submitted: May 16, 2018
                                Decided: May 24, 2018

Dear Ms. Lehner and Mr. Logullo:

       This is the Court’s letter order providing its decision and reasoning regarding
Defendant Dover Downs, Inc.’s (hereinafter “Dover Downs’s”) summary judgment
motion. At the outset, after reviewing the videotape showing Ms. Lehner’s fall, the
Court recognizes that Ms. Lehner suffered a serious fall while at Dover Downs.
Ms. Lehner has appeared before the Court several times and the Court does not
question her motives or her good faith belief that Dover Downs is responsible for
her injuries. She has been both professional and persistent in advancing her claims
without an attorney. Equally throughout the pretrial process, counsel for Dover
Downs interacted patiently and professionally with Ms. Lehner.
      Apart from these observations, the Court must apply well settled legal
principles when deciding Dover Downs’s motion for summary judgment. After a
careful review of the record, the Court finds that although Ms. Lehner believes a
defect in the carpet outside her hotel room caused her to fall, there is no admissible
evidence of record supporting that conclusion. For that reason and those that follow,
Dover Downs’s motion for summary judgment must be granted.


                       The Parties Claims and the Facts of Record
      Ms. Lehner tripped and fell while exiting her room at the Dover Downs Casino
Hotel on December 27, 20131. In her complaint, she alleged (1) that her hotel room
door pushed her while she exited her room with her luggage, and (2) she tripped on
the hallway carpet. Ms. Lehner also asserted in her complaint that Dover Downs’s
failure to properly maintain the hotel room door and hallway carpet caused her fall.
Dover Downs moves for summary judgment alleging that Ms. Lehner did not
identify what was unsafe about the hotel room door or the carpet outside it.
      In response to Dover Downs’s motion for summary judgment, Ms. Lehner
now identifies a single alleged defect, rather than the two separate defects asserted
in her complaint. Namely, she opposes Dover Downs’s motion by focusing only on
the carpet alleging that her “foot got caught [on the carpet that was] sticking up . . .
that should be flat on the ground.”
      Both Dover Downs and Ms. Lehner submitted deposition testimony where she
discussed her fall. The deposition testimony establishes that Ms. Lehner cannot
describe, based on personal knowledge, an alleged defect in the carpet.          She had
entered and exited the room several times during her stay, and testified that she



1
 Dover Downs’s videotape, included as an exhibit in the summary judgment motion, shows Ms.
Lehner backing out of her hotel room, and falling violently backwards.

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noticed no defect. After she fell, she also testified that she did not see the carpet and
accordingly could not identify or describe a defect that caused her to fall.
         Ms. Lehner primarily opposes Dover Down’s motion by offering what the
Court considers to be an affidavit submitted for summary judgment motion
purposes.2 Although the affidavit is not notarized, in light of Ms. Lehner’s pro se
status and the fact that the document attests that its contents are true, the Court will
consider it as an affidavit submitted in support of her position. In that affidavit, Ms.
Lehner alleges that the carpet was “sticking up,” and that the carpet “caught her
foot.”
         Dover Downs argues that she references no evidence of record that the carpet
was defective, and that she testified that both before and after the fall, she saw no
carpet defect. Dover Downs further argues that her allegation in her
response/affidavit is merely a conclusion that there must have been something wrong
with the carpet because she fell. In addition to submitting her deposition testimony,
taped statement, and a video showing the fall from a distance, Dover Downs
submitted deposition testimony from two employees who testified that they
inspected the area after her fall and observed no defects. Specifically, the employees
testified that they looked for rips, tears, bumps or lumps in the carpet where she fell,
but they found none.


                               Standard for Summary Judgment
         Summary judgment is appropriate only if there is no genuine issue of material
fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. 3 The Court must view
the evidence in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. 4 The burden of

2
  See Super. Ct. Civ. R. 56(e) (describing the requirements for such an affidavit submitted in the
summary judgment context).
3
  Super. Ct. Civ. R. 56(c); Moore v. Sizemore, 405 A.2d 679, 680 (Del. 1979).
4
  Brozaka v. Olson, 668 A.2d 1355, 1364 (Del. 1995).

                                                 3
proof is initially on the moving party. 5 However, if the movant meets his or her
initial burden, then the burden shifts to the non-moving party to demonstrate the
existence of material issues of fact. 6 The non-movant's evidence of material facts in
dispute must be sufficient to withstand a motion for judgment as a matter of law and
sufficient to support the verdict of a rational jury. 7
       In this matter, Ms. Lehner’s submitted a written response to the motion in
what was most close in form to an affidavit.8 After the summary judgment burden
shift, the non-moving party seeking to meet her burden by affidavit, may offer
affidavit(s) based upon “personal knowledge, [and] set forth such facts as would be
admissible in evidence and show affirmatively that the affiant is competent to testify
to the matters stated therein.” 9 Mere conclusions stated in an affidavit where all
evidence of record conclusively establishes that the affiant did not have personal
knowledge supporting the basis for such conclusions are insufficient.


                                               Discussion
       In order to prevail, Ms. Lehner must establish that there was a dangerous or
defective condition on the carpet that caused her to fall, and also that Dover Downs,
in the exercise of reasonable care, should have known about the condition and
corrected it.10 In personal injury actions such as this, “negligence is never presumed
from the mere fact that the plaintiff has suffered an injury [and the] burden is upon
plaintiff to prove that defendant was negligent and that his negligence was the


5
  Super. Ct. Civ. R. 56(e); Moore v. Sizemore, 405 A.2d 679, 680 (Del. 1979).
6
  Id. at 681 (citing Hurtt v. Goleburn, 330 A.2d 134 (Del. 1974)).
7
  Lum v. Anderson, 2004 WL 772074, at *2 (Del. Super. Mar. 10, 2004).
8
  Although it is not notarized, the affidavit includes language attesting that “[u]nder the penalties
of perjury, the facts above are true to the best of my knowledge information and belief.”
9
  Super. Ct. Civ. R. 56(e).
10
   Collier v. Acme Markets, Inc. 670 A.2d 1337 (Del. 1995) (TABLE) (citing Howard v. Food Fair
Stores, 201 A.2d 638, 640 (Del. Super. June 2, 1964).

                                                 4
proximate cause of the injury.”11 To establish that there was a dangerous or defective
condition, plaintiff must proffer specific facts, rather than merely make allegations.12
       In its motion, Dover Downs cited Price v. Acme Markets, Inc., which is a case
where the court granted summary judgment for defendant in a very similar
situation.13 In Price, the plaintiff allegedly slipped and fell on the exterior sidewalk
of a supermarket. 14 The defendant in that matter moved for summary judgment
because the plaintiff could not identify a dangerous condition.15 The defendant
supported its motion with sworn testimony from employees that they did not observe
any dangerous condition in the area that could have contributed to her fall.16 As in
the case at hand, the plaintiff in Price did not support her claim with evidence
demonstrating a dangerous condition. 17 The Price court accordingly found that the
plaintiff failed to establish an essential element of her claim that a dangerous
condition existed on the defendant’s premises. Because she did not identify such
evidence, apart from mere allegations, the court granted defendant’s motion for
summary judgment.18
       Here, Dover Downs’s motion must be granted using the same reasoning. The
Court has carefully reviewed the evidence, including Ms. Lehner’s deposition
testimony, her transcribed statement, Dover Downs’s employee testimony, and the
video of the fall. Viewing the facts in the light most favorable to Ms. Lehner, the
Court finds that Dover Downs met its initial showing that there was no defective
condition through sworn testimony by two employees inspecting the site shortly


11
   Wilson v. Derrickson, 175 A.2d 400, 401 (Del. Super. Nov. 2, 1961).
12
   Price v. Acme Markets, Inc. 2010 WL 4062007, at *2 (Del. Super. Sep. 29, 2010).
13
   Id. at *1.
14
   Id.
15
   Id.
16
   Id.
17
   Id.
18
   Id. at *3.

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after her fall. In response, Ms. Lehner has identified no admissible evidence of
record demonstrating that the carpet was defective. The Court acknowledges her
claims in her affidavit that the carpet “was sticking up” at the site. However, all
admissible evidence of record, including her taped statement and her deposition
testimony, establishes that she did not actually observe such a condition before or
after her fall. In fact, at oral argument, Ms. Lehner confirmed that at no time did
she observe problems with the carpet. As Superior Court Civil Rule 56(e) requires,
Ms. Lehner must demonstrate some evidence of record or identify evidence by
affidavit based upon a witness’s personal knowledge that there was a defective
condition to prevent summary judgment. Her conclusory statement that something
must have been wrong with the carpet because her foot got stuck on the carpet is
insufficient to survive Dover Downs’s summary judgment motion.


                                      Conclusion
      In summary, when viewing all admissible evidence of record in the light most
favorable to Ms. Lehner, no rational jury could conclude that Dover Downs is liable
for Ms. Lehner’s injuries. Accordingly, summary judgment on behalf of Dover
Downs and against Ms. Lehner is GRANTED.
      IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                                         /s/ Jeffrey J Clark
                                                                Judge




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