              IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF IDAHO

                                      Docket No. 44739

In the Matter of Jane Doe I, A Child           )
Under Eighteen (18) Years of Age.              )
IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH                     )    2017 Unpublished Opinion No. 438
AND WELFARE,                                   )
                                               )    Filed: April 19, 2017
       Petitioner-Respondent,                  )
                                               )    Stephen W. Kenyon, Clerk
v.                                             )
                                               )    THIS IS AN UNPUBLISHED
JOHN DOE (2017-2),                             )    OPINION AND SHALL NOT
                                               )    BE CITED AS AUTHORITY
       Respondent-Appellant.                   )
                                               )

       Appeal from the Magistrate Division of the District Court of the Fifth Judicial
       District, State of Idaho, Twin Falls County. Hon. Calvin H. Campbell,
       Magistrate.

       Judgment terminating parental rights, affirmed.

       Williams Law Office, Chtd.; Timothy J. Williams, Twin Falls, for appellant.

       Hon. Lawrence G. Wasden, Attorney General; James T. Baird, Deputy Attorney
       General, Twin Falls, for respondent.
                 ________________________________________________

HUSKEY, Judge
       John Doe appeals from the magistrate’s judgment terminating his parental rights. Doe
argues the magistrate erred when it terminated his parental rights. For the reasons set forth
below, we affirm.
                                               I.
                    FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
       John Doe is the father of A.M. In 2015, Doe left A.M. with individuals who were under
investigation by the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare (Department) for the neglect of
their own children. Due to these concerns, the State contacted Doe and requested that he
complete a drug test. Doe agreed to a test on July 13, 2015, and admitted he recently smoked
marijuana. Doe tested positive for methamphetamine and THC, and Doe later admitted he had

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used methamphetamine. On July 15, 2015, the magistrate issued an order of removal and A.M.
was placed into the custody of the Department.
       On July 16, 2015, the parties participated in a shelter care hearing where the parties
stipulated it was in the child’s best interest to keep A.M. in the care of the Department. The
magistrate entered a shelter care order on July 20, 2015, that ordered A.M. to be placed in the
legal custody of the Department until the adjudicatory hearing.         At the July 30, 2015,
adjudicatory hearing, the parties again stipulated that due to an unstable home environment, it
was in A.M.’s best interest to remain away from home and in the care of the Department. The
magistrate entered a decree and order under the Child Protection Act on August 4, 2015, and
A.M. was to remain in foster care. After the adjudicatory hearing, the parties developed a case
plan for Doe. However, Doe did not complete his case plan and as a result, the State filed a
motion to terminate Doe’s parental rights.
       On December 30, 2016, the magistrate issued a memorandum decision on the petition to
terminate, wherein it terminated the parental rights of Doe. In the decision, the magistrate
entered the following conclusions of law: (1) Doe neglected A.M. by not completing his case
plan and by failing to provide a stable, safe, and appropriate home for a significant portion of
A.M.’s life; and (2) it was in the best interest of A.M. that the parental rights of Doe be
terminated. On January 12, 2017, the magistrate entered its final judgment to terminate the
rights of Doe. Doe timely appeals.
                                                 II.
                                  STANDARD OF REVIEW
       A parent has a fundamental liberty interest in maintaining a relationship with his or her
child. Troxel v. Granville, 530 U.S. 57, 65 (2000); Doe v. State, 137 Idaho 758, 760, 53 P.3d
341, 343 (2002). This interest is protected by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States
Constitution. State v. Doe, 144 Idaho 839, 842, 172 P.3d 1114, 1117 (2007). Implicit in the
Termination of Parent and Child Relationship Act is the philosophy that, wherever possible,
family life should be strengthened and preserved. I.C. § 16-2001(2). Therefore, the requisites of
due process must be met when terminating the parent-child relationship. State v. Doe, 143 Idaho
383, 386, 146 P.3d 649, 652 (2006). Due process requires that the grounds for terminating a
parent-child relationship be proved by clear and convincing evidence.           Id.   Because a
fundamental liberty interest is at stake, the United States Supreme Court has determined that a

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court may terminate a parent-child relationship only if that decision is supported by clear and
convincing evidence. Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 769 (1982). See also I.C. § 16-2009;
In re Doe, 146 Idaho 759, 761-62, 203 P.3d 689, 691-92 (2009); Doe, 143 Idaho at 386, 146 P.3d
at 652.
          On appeal from a decision terminating parental rights, this Court examines whether the
decision is supported by substantial and competent evidence, which means such evidence as a
reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion. Doe v. Doe, 148 Idaho 243,
245-46, 220 P.3d 1062, 1064-65 (2009).           The appellate court will indulge all reasonable
inferences in support of the trial court’s judgment when reviewing an order that parental rights
be terminated. Id. The Idaho Supreme Court has also said that the substantial evidence test
requires a greater quantum of evidence in cases where the trial court’s finding must be supported
by clear and convincing evidence than in cases where a mere preponderance is required. Doe v.
Doe, 143 Idaho 343, 346, 144 P.3d 597, 600 (2006). Clear and convincing evidence is generally
understood to be evidence indicating that the thing to be proved is highly probable or reasonably
certain. In re Doe, 143 Idaho 188, 191, 141 P.3d 1057, 1060 (2006). Further, the magistrate’s
decision must be supported by objectively supportable grounds. Doe, 143 Idaho at 346, 144 P.3d
at 600.
          Idaho Code Section 16-2005 permits a party to petition the court for termination of the
parent-child relationship when it is in the child’s best interest and any one of the following five
factors exist: (a) abandonment; (b) neglect or abuse; (c) lack of a biological relationship between
the child and a presumptive parent; (d) the parent is unable to discharge parental responsibilities
for a prolonged period that will be injurious to the health, morals, or well-being of the child; or
(e) the parent is incarcerated and will remain incarcerated for a substantial period of time. Each
statutory ground is an independent basis for termination. Doe, 144 Idaho at 842, 172 P.3d at
1117.
                                                 III.
                                            ANALYSIS
          Generally, Doe argues the magistrate’s decision to terminate his parental rights should be
reversed because he had seriously applied himself to the task of rehabilitation.              More
specifically, Doe asserts first, that the magistrate erred because it terminated his parental rights
solely based on his recovery and rehabilitation from a serious drug problem. Second, Doe argues

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incarceration is not, in and of itself, enough to provide a basis for termination. On appeal, Doe
provides evidence of rehabilitation and argues that incarceration should not interfere with his
rights as a parent.
        Idaho Code Section 16-2002(3) defines “neglect” as any conduct included in I.C. § 16-
1602(31), as well as situations where the parent has failed to comply with the court’s orders or
the case plan in a child protective act case and the Department has had temporary or legal
custody of the child for fifteen of the most recent twenty-two months and reunification has not
been accomplished by the last day of the fifteenth month in which the child has been in the
temporary or legal custody of the Department. Idaho Code Section 16-1602(31)(a) provides, in
pertinent part, that a child is neglected when the child is without proper parental care and control,
or subsistence, medical or other care or control necessary for his or her well-being because of the
conduct or omission of his or her parents, guardian, or other custodian or their neglect or refusal
to provide them.
        The magistrate did not err when it terminated the parental rights of Doe. Although we
agree a court cannot terminate parental rights simply because a parent is rehabilitating from an
addiction or only because a parent is incarcerated, the magistrate in this case did not focus solely
on rehabilitation or incarceration when it found that Doe had neglected A.M. Instead, the
magistrate cited six factors when it analyzed the extent to which A.M. was neglected: (1) failure
to complete the case plan; (2) history of substance abuse; (3) failure to complete counseling;
(4) failure to successfully complete probation; (5) lack of stable employment; and (6) lack of
stable housing.
        First, the magistrate found Doe did not make any meaningful efforts to participate in a
case plan until approximately two months before the termination hearing, despite A.M. being in
custody for almost fifteen months. The magistrate acknowledged that Doe was incarcerated and
completed some courses and treatment required by the case plan. However, Doe made no plan to
establish or demonstrate stable employment or housing.          The magistrate acknowledged the
progress Doe made in treatment, but analyzed the lack of a plan to maintain stable employment
and housing. Second, the magistrate found that Doe had a thirteen-year history of substance
abuse, including marijuana and methamphetamine usage. Due in part to the substance abuse, the
magistrate determined Doe neglected A.M. since he left A.M. with inappropriate care providers,



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failed to voluntarily cooperate with the State in the case, and caused A.M. to come into contact
with methamphetamine.
       Third, the magistrate found that Doe recently engaged in treatment for substance abuse,
grief counseling, and thinking errors counseling through the Department of Correction while
incarcerated. Fourth, the magistrate found that Doe violated terms of probation and the court
took notice of Doe’s jail sentence. Fifth, the magistrate determined Doe was unemployed when
the case began and had a sporadic employment history that was impeded by Doe’s continued
incarceration and criminal behavior.     Finally, the magistrate determined Doe lost his only
housing when he was incarcerated and housing could be a significant problem in the future.
       The magistrate’s analysis also focused on Doe’s addiction and the ways it impacted A.M.
Doe argues on appeal that his parental rights should not be terminated because of his addiction
when Doe was working to overcome the problem. The magistrate, however, did not terminate
Doe’s parental rights only because of addiction. The magistrate instead considered substance
abuse as one of the factors in analyzing whether Doe neglected A.M., noting that Doe exposed
A.M. to the substances Doe was using.
       Similarly, incarceration was not the only reason the magistrate terminated Doe’s parental
rights. Although the incarceration impacted many of the factors at issue, it was not the only
reason the magistrate determined A.M. was neglected. Only after it analyzed the relevant factors
did the magistrate conclude there was clear and convincing evidence that Doe neglected A.M. by
failing to provide proper parental care, control, and subsistence. We, therefore, find no error in
the magistrate’s decision to terminate the parental rights of Doe.
                                                IV.
                                         CONCLUSION
       Substantial and competent evidence supports the magistrate’s findings that Doe neglected
A.M., and it was in the best interest of A.M. to terminate Doe’s parental rights. The magistrate’s
judgment terminating Doe’s parental rights is affirmed.
       Judge GUTIERREZ and Judge MELANSON CONCUR.




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