                                                                            F I L E D
                                                                     United States Court of Appeals
                                                                             Tenth Circuit
                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                             FEB 11 1997
                              FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                        PATRICK FISHER
                                                                                 Clerk

    CHERYL TOLBERT,

                Plaintiff-Appellant,

    v.                                                     No. 96-5120
                                                     (D.C. No. 94-C-1001-W)
    SHIRLEY S. CHATER,                                     (N.D. Okla.)
    Commissioner, Social Security
    Administration, *

                Defendant-Appellee.


                             ORDER AND JUDGMENT **


Before ANDERSON, KELLY, and LUCERO, Circuit Judges.


         Plaintiff Cheryl Tolbert appeals from the district court’s order affirming the

Secretary’s decision denying her application for disability benefits and




*
      Effective March 31, 1995, the functions of the Secretary of Health and
Human Services in social security cases were transferred to the Commissioner of
Social Security. P.L. No. 103-296. In the text we continue to refer to the
Secretary because she was the appropriate party at the time of the underlying
administrative decision.
**
      This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
supplemental security income. 1 Ms. Tolbert claimed disability due to pain in her

back and legs, and to depression. The administrative law judge (ALJ) determined

at step five of the five-step sequential process, see Williams v. Bowen, 844 F.2d

748, 750-52 (10th Cir. 1988), that Ms. Tolbert retained the residual functional

capacity (RFC) to perform sedentary work. On appeal, Ms. Tolbert asserts that

substantial evidence does not support the ALJ’s determination that she is not

disabled due to her mental impairments because the ALJ failed to consider and

accord proper weight to documented evidence of her mental impairments.      We

agree, and reverse and remand.

      We review the Secretary's decision to determine whether her factual

findings are supported by substantial evidence in the record viewed as a whole

and whether she applied the correct legal standards. Andrade v. Secretary of

Health & Human Servs., 985 F.2d 1045, 1047 (10th Cir. 1993). Substantial

evidence is such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate

to support a conclusion. Castellano v. Secretary of Health & Human Servs., 26

F.3d 1027, 1028 (10th Cir. 1994) (citations and quotation omitted).




1
      After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral
argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f) and 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.

                                         -2-
      Ms. Tolbert injured her back in a work-related accident in 1987. She

testified at her administrative hearing that her back pain prevents her from lifting,

concentrating, doing any housework, driving, shopping, exercising, or engaging in

social activities. Appellant’s App. Vol. II, at 94-97, 102, 114, 116, 140-45. She

testified she sleeps twelve to fifteen hours a day, and spends her day lying in bed

or on the couch. Id. at 95, 104, 115-16, 142-43. Physical examinations of

Ms. Tolbert performed in 1988 through 1992 indicated there was no objective

medical support for many of Ms. Tolbert’s subjective complaints of pain. Id. at

261, 271-76, 289-90, 293-94. Several of these reports indicated that Ms. Tolbert

overstated her complaints, and made unnecessary moans, groans and complaints

of pain. Id. at 274-75, 293, 352.

      In January 1993, Ms. Tolbert went to Dr. Hickman for a consultative

psychological examination. Dr. Hickman administered the Weschler Adult

Intelligence Scale - Revised (WAIS-R) test, the Shipley Test, and the Minnesota

Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Dr. Hickman reported that

Ms. Tolbert’s IQ was 66 as measured by WAIS-R, although her IQ as measured

by the Shipley test was 81. Id. at 345. Dr. Hickman also diagnosed Ms. Tolbert

with somatoform pain disorder, 2 explaining that Ms. Tolbert’s MMPI results were


2
      A somatoform disorder exists when there are “[p]hysical symptoms for
which there are no demonstrable organic findings or known physiological
                                                                  (continued...)

                                         -3-
consistent with those found among individuals experiencing significant

depression, lowered activity levels, apathy, and helplessness, those who try to use

histrionic defense mechanisms, and those whose physical complaints have

hysterical qualities. Id. at 344, 346. Dr. Hickman also completed a “Medical

Assessment of Ability to do Work-Related Activities (Mental)” form, in which he

rated as either “fair” or “poor” Ms. Tolbert’s ability to follow work rules, relate

to coworkers, deal with the public, use judgment with the public, interact with

supervisors, deal with work stresses, function independently, maintain attention

and concentration, follow complex or detailed job instructions, behave in an

emotionally stable manner, relate predictably in social situations, or demonstrate

reliability. Id. at 350-51. Use of the term ‘fair’ (or ‘poor’) on this form is

evidence of disability. See Cruse v. United States Dep't of Health & Human

Servs., 49 F.3d 614, 618 (10th Cir. 1995).


2
 (...continued)
mechanisms.” 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1, 12.07. The disorder causes a
claimant to exaggerate her physical problems in her mind beyond what the
medical data indicate. Easter v. Bowen, 867 F.2d 1128, 1130 (8th Cir. 1989).
Such a disorder may itself be disabling. Id. Ms. Tolbert was diagnosed with a
subgroup of somatoform disorder called somatoform pain disorder, which is
indicated where pain is the predominant complaint, the pain is of sufficient
severity to warrant clinical attention, causes significant impairment in social or
occupational functions, and is not better accounted for by a mood, anxiety or
psychotic disorder. American Psychiatric Assoc., Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), (4th ed. 1994), pp. 458-462. Assuming
the diagnosis of somatoform pain disorder is correct, the pain symptoms are not
intentionally produced or feigned. Id. at 461.

                                          -4-
      In determining that Ms. Tolbert was not disabled, the ALJ found that her

testimony and, particularly, complaints of pain were not credible because they

lacked objective medical support and because the medical evidence showed that

Ms. Tolbert exaggerated her complaints. The ALJ’s findings made no reference

to Dr. Hickman’s diagnosis of somatoform pain disorder, and did not consider

whether Ms. Tolbert’s exaggerated complaints were a manifestation of this

disorder, affecting her perception of pain. See Winfrey v. Chater, 92 F.3d 1017,

1021 (10th Cir. 1996) (holding that the ALJ must consider whether a diagnosis of

somatoform disorder affected claimant’s perception of pain). The ALJ did not

include any mental limitations in his hypothetical inquiries to the vocational

expert at plaintiff’s hearing.

      The ALJ completed a psychiatric review technique (PRT) form, finding that

Ms. Tolbert did not have somatoform disorder, but did have affective disorders

and mental retardation, although the ALJ stated that Ms. Tolbert’s IQ as measured

by WAIS-R was “lower than [it] should be because of [Ms. Tolbert’s] lack of

credibility.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II, at 27-28. In evaluating what functional

limitations these mental impairments imposed, the ALJ found only slight

restrictions on Ms. Tolbert’s daily activities and social functioning, and found

that Ms. Tolbert seldom experienced deficiencies of concentration, persistence or

pace, and never experienced episodes of deterioration or decompensation in work


                                         -5-
or work-like settings. Id. at 28. These findings were contrary to those of Dr.

Hickman’s, as well as to Ms. Tolbert’s testimony.

      When a claimant for disability benefits or supplemental security income

presents evidence of a mental impairment that allegedly prevents a claimant from

working, the Secretary must follow the procedure for evaluating mental

impairments set forth in 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520a and 416.920a, and the Listing of

Impairments and document the procedure accordingly. Cruse, 49 F.3d at 617.

Documentation is made by completing a PRT form, which the ALJ must attach to

his written decision. “[T]he record must contain substantial competent evidence

to support the conclusions reached on the PRT form[, and] if the ALJ prepares the

form himself, he must ‘discuss in his opinion the evidence he considered in

reaching the conclusions expressed on the form.’” Id. at 617-18 (quoting

Washington v. Shalala, 37 F.3d 1437, 1442 (10th Cir. 1994)).

      The ALJ is required to “evaluate every medical opinion” he receives,

20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(d), and to “consider all relevant medical evidence of record

in reaching a conclusion as to disability,” Baker v. Bowen, 886 F.2d 289, 291

(10th Cir. 1989). “[I]n addition to discussing the evidence supporting his

decision, the ALJ also must discuss the uncontroverted evidence he chooses not to

rely upon, as well as significantly probative evidence he rejects.” Clifton v.

Chater, 79 F.3d 1007, 1010 (10th Cir.1996); see also Taylor v. Schweiker, 739


                                         -6-
F.2d 1240, 1243 (7th Cir. 1984)(“[A]n ALJ must weigh all the evidence and may

not ignore evidence that suggests an opposite conclusion.”) (quoting Whitney v.

Schweiker, 695 F.2d 784, 788 (7th Cir. 1982)).

      We conclude that the ALJ erred in rejecting Dr. Hickman’s diagnosis of

somatoform pain disorder without providing any explanation for doing so, and

that this error infected his evaluation of Ms. Tolbert’s subjective complaints of

pain and, therefore, his evaluation of her credibility. See Winfrey, 92 F.3d at

1021. Similarly, the ALJ failed to discuss why his conclusions on the PRT form

differed from Dr. Hickman’s findings. See Washington, 37 F.3d at 1442. The

only aspect of Dr. Hickman’s report the ALJ discussed in his decision was

Ms. Tolbert’s low IQ scores, which the ALJ concluded were not representative

because of her history of overstating her problems and lack of credibility.

Appellant’s App., R. Vol. II, at 21, 28. In concluding that Ms. Tolbert’s scores

were depressed, the ALJ noted that a consultative examination of Ms. Tolbert

performed by Dr. Karathanos on behalf of the agency four days after

Dr. Hickman’s examination indicated Ms. Tolbert was overstating her problems

but did not indicate any change in her scores. Id. at 21. However, Dr. Karathanos

is a neurologist, not a psychologist, and there is no indication in his report that he

performed any psychological or intelligence testing of Ms. Tolbert. Dr.

Hickman’s report is the only mental evaluation of Ms. Tolbert in the record, and


                                          -7-
we find no evidence in the record refuting any of his findings. Indeed, the

observations in numerous medical reports that Ms. Tolbert overstates her

problems may well be consistent with his diagnosis of somatoform pain disorder.

      The ALJ’s failure to discuss or consider uncontroverted, probative evidence

of disability requires us to reverse and remand for proper consideration of

Ms. Tolbert’s mental impairments. On remand, the ALJ will also need to reassess

the credibility of Ms. Tolbert’s testimony, considering the possible effect of the

diagnosis of somatoform pain disorder. See Luna v. Bowen, 834 F.2d 161,

165-66 (10th Cir.1987) (holding that one of the factors an ALJ should consider in

evaluating allegations of pain is “the possibility that psychological disorders

combine with physical problems”). In turn, because many of the ALJ’s findings,

including those on the PRT form, were predicated on his credibility

determination, the ALJ will need to reconsider these findings as well. Finally, the

ALJ will need to evaluate whether Ms. Tolbert’s mental impairments meet or

equal a listed impairment, or whether the evidence supports the existence of a

severe nonexertional impairment that must be considered as affecting Ms.

Tolbert’s residual functional capacity to perform work. See Hargis v. Sullivan,

945 F.2d 1482, 1491 (10th Cir. 1991). These findings may dictate the need for

additional vocational expert testimony. See Cruse, 49 F.3d at 619 (requiring




                                         -8-
“expert vocational testimony or other similar evidence” when mental impairments

diminish a claimant’s residual functional capacity).

      In conclusion, we determine that the ALJ’s decision was not supported by

substantial evidence. Therefore, we REVERSE and REMAND the case to the

district court with directions to REMAND to the Commissioner for further

proceedings consistent with this order and judgment.

                                       ENTERED FOR THE COURT



                                       Carlos F. Lucero
                                       Circuit Judge




                                        -9-
