     18‐1495
     Calle‐Crespo v. Barr
                                                                                               BIA
                                                                                           Lamb, IJ
                                                                                       A079 216 913


                            UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                          SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT.
CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS
PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE
32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER
IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE
FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION
“SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE
A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

 1         At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second
 2   Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley
 3   Square, in the City of New York, on the 3rd day of December, two thousand
 4   nineteen.
 5
 6   PRESENT:
 7              JOHN M. WALKER, JR.,
 8              RICHARD J. SULLIVAN,
 9                    Circuit Judges,
10              ALISON J. NATHAN,*
11                    District Judge.
12   _____________________________________
13
14   FELIX LEONARDO CALLE‐CRESPO,
15
16                          Petitioner,


     * Judge Alison J. Nathan, of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New
     York, sitting by designation.
 1
 2               v.                                                 18‐1495
 3
 4
 5   WILLIAM P. BARR, UNITED STATES
 6   ATTORNEY GENERAL,
 7
 8                    Respondent.
 9   _____________________________________
10
11   FOR PETITIONER:                    James A. Welcome, Law Offices of James A.
12                                      Welcome, Waterbury, CT.
13
14   FOR RESPONDENT:                    Joseph H. Hunt, Assistant Attorney General;
15                                      Shelley R. Goad, Assistant Director; Tim
16                                      Ramintz, Office of Immigration Litigation,
17                                      United States Department of Justice,
18                                      Washington, D.C.
19
20         UPON DUE CONSIDERATION of this petition for review of a decision of

21   the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”), it is hereby ORDERED, ADJUDGED,

22   AND DECREED that the petition for review is DENIED in part and DISMISSED

23   in part.

24         Petitioner Felix Leonardo Calle‐Crespo, a native and citizen of Ecuador,

25   seeks review of a May 7, 2018 decision of the BIA, affirming the November 29, 2017

26   decision of an Immigration Judge (“IJ”) denying his motion to rescind his in

27   absentia removal order and reopen his removal proceedings. In re Felix Leonardo

28   Calle‐Crespo, No. A079 216 913 (B.I.A. May 7, 2018), aff’g No. A079 216 913 (Immig.

                                             2
 1   Ct. N.Y. City Nov. 29, 2017).       We assume the parties’ familiarity with the

 2   underlying facts and procedural history.

 3         “[F]or the sake of completeness,” we have considered both the IJ’s and the

 4   BIA’s opinions. Wangchuck v. Dep’t of Homeland Security, 448 F.3d 524, 528 (2d Cir.

 5   2006). Motions to reopen in absentia removal orders are governed by different

 6   rules depending on whether the movant seeks to rescind the order or present new

 7   evidence of eligibility for relief from removal. See Song Jin Wu v. INS, 436 F.3d

8    157, 163 (2d Cir. 2006); In re M‐S‐, 22 I. & N. Dec. 349, 353–55 (BIA 1998).

9    Accordingly, when, as here, an alien files a motion that seeks both rescission of an

10   in absentia removal order, as well as reopening of removal proceedings based on

11   new claims for eligibility for relief, we treat the motion as comprising distinct

12   motions to rescind and to reopen. See Alrefae v. Chertoff, 471 F.3d 353, 357 (2d Cir.

13   2006); see also Maghradze v. Gonzales, 462 F.3d 150, 152 n.1 (2d Cir. 2006). We

14   review the denial of a motion to rescind an in absentia removal order under the

15   same abuse of discretion standard applicable to motions to reopen. See Alrefae,

16   471 F.3d at 357; see also Kaur v. BIA, 413 F.3d 232, 233 (2d Cir. 2005).

17         Motion to Rescind

18         An in absentia removal order “may be rescinded only – (i) upon a motion to


                                                3
 1   reopen filed within 180 days after the date of the order of removal if the alien

 2   demonstrates that the failure to appear was because of exceptional circumstances

 3   . . . ; or (ii) upon a motion to reopen filed at any time if the alien demonstrates that

 4   the alien did not receive notice . . . and the failure to appear was through no fault

 5   of the alien.” 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(b)(5)(C); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.23(b)(4)(ii). Calle‐Crespo

 6   has never claimed that he did not receive notice of his November 2001 hearing.

 7   Therefore, his motion to rescind was subject to the 180‐day time limit, and he was

 8   required to demonstrate that exceptional circumstances excused his failure to

9    appear. See 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(b)(5)(C); Song Jin Wu, 436 F.3d at 162.

10         Calle‐Crespo’s 2017 motion to rescind was indisputably untimely because

11   the IJ’s in absentia removal order was issued more than 15 years earlier, in 2001.

12   See 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(b)(5)(C)(i).      Further, Calle‐Crespo did not allege any

13   circumstances that caused his failure to appear at his hearing. Accordingly, the

14   agency did not abuse its discretion in denying his motion to rescind. Id.

15         Motion to Reopen

16         An alien seeking to reopen proceedings may file a motion to reopen no later

17   than 90 days after the date on which the final administrative order of removal was

18   entered. 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(i); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.23(b)(1). As with his motion


                                                4
1    to rescind, it is undisputed that Calle‐Crespo’s motion to reopen was untimely,

2    since it was filed more than 15 years after his in absentia removal order.

3    Nevertheless, an untimely motion may be excused in order to permit an alien to

 4   apply for asylum “based on changed country conditions arising in the country of

5    nationality or the country to which removal has been ordered,” 8 U.S.C.

 6   § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(ii); see also 8 C.F.R. § 1003.23(b)(4); similarly, an alien may seek

 7   tolling of an otherwise untimely motion based on the ineffective assistance of

8    counsel, see Iavorski v. U.S. INS, 232 F.3d 124, 134 (2d Cir. 2000). Here, however,

9    Calle‐Crespo has not proffered any such argument, but merely asserts that

10   equitable tolling is warranted in light of his value as a potential witness in an SEC

11   investigation and his family ties in the United States, where his children are

12   citizens. Such changed personal circumstances in the United States are not a basis

13   to excuse the time limitation for filing a motion to reopen. See Li Yong Zheng v.

14   U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 416 F.3d 129, 130‐31 (2d Cir. 2005); see also Wei Guang Wang v.

15   BIA, 437 F.3d 270, 274 (2d Cir. 2006).

16         Accordingly, the agency did not abuse its discretion in denying Calle‐

17   Crespo’s motion to reopen as untimely. See 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C); 8 C.F.R.

18   § 1003.23(b)(1).


                                               5
 1         Sua Sponte Reopening

 2         Although the agency may exercise its sua sponte authority to reopen

 3   otherwise untimely removal proceedings, see 8 C.F.R. § 1003.23(b)(1), we lack

 4   jurisdiction to review the agency’s refusal to do so, see Ali v. Gonzales, 448 F.3d 515,

5    518 (2d Cir. 2006), unless the agency “misperceived the legal background and

 6   thought, incorrectly, that a reopening would necessarily fail,” Mahmood v. Holder,

7    570 F.3d 466, 469 (2d Cir. 2009). Here, the BIA did not misperceive the law in

8    declining to reopen Calle‐Crespo’s proceedings. See In re J‐J‐, 21 I. & N. Dec. 976,

9    984 (BIA 1997) (“The power to reopen on our own motion is not meant to be used

10   as a general cure for filing defects or to otherwise circumvent the regulations,

11   where enforcing them might result in hardship.”).              Accordingly, we lack

12   jurisdiction to review the BIA’s decision not to reopen sua sponte, and we dismiss

13   the petition for review to this extent. See Ali, 448 F.3d at 518.

14         Remand in light of Pereira v. Sessions

15         Calle‐Crespo argues that his proceedings should be remanded because he is

16   now eligible to apply for cancellation of removal in light of the Supreme Court’s

17   decision in Pereira v. Sessions, 138 S. Ct. 2105 (2018). But Calle‐Crespo did not

18   apply for cancellation of removal before the agency.           Thus, any arguments


                                                6
1    relating to Calle‐Crespo’s eligibility for cancellation of removal are not properly

2    before this Court. Rather, the appropriate course is for Calle‐Crespo to file a

3    motion to reopen his removal proceedings with the BIA for the purpose of

4    applying for cancellation of removal in the first instance. See 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(a);

5    see also, e.g., Karingithi v. Whitaker, 913 F.3d 1158, 1162 (9th Cir. 2019); Plaza‐Ramirez

6    v. Sessions, 908 F.3d 282, 286 (7th Cir. 2018).

7          Due Process

8          Finally, to the extent that Calle‐Crespo argues that the IJ violated his Due

 9   Process rights by denying his motion to reopen and motion to rescind, we find this

10   argument to be without merit.

11         For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is DENIED in part and

12   DISMISSED in part. All pending motions and applications are DENIED and

13   stays VACATED.

14                                            FOR THE COURT:
15                                            Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe,
16                                            Clerk of Court




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