                             STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
                           SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                   FILED
                                                                                   April 28, 2014
In Re: J.H., J.H., J.H., and J.H.                                             RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
                                                                            SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                OF WEST VIRGINIA
No. 13-1043 (Mercer County 11-JA-57 through 11-JA-59 & 13-JA-006)

                              MEMORANDUM DECISION
        Petitioner Father, by counsel Michael P. Cooke, appeals the Circuit Court of Mercer
County’s order entered on July 15, 2013, terminating his parental rights to his children,
J.H.-1, J.H.-2, J.H.-3, and J.H.-4.1 The West Virginia Department of Health and Human
Resources (“DHHR”), by Angela Alexander Walters, its attorney, filed its response in support of
the circuit court order. The guardian ad litem, Catherine Bond Wallace, filed a response on
behalf of the children in support of the circuit court’s order. On appeal, petitioner argues that he
should have been granted an improvement period for his youngest child, J.H.-4, and that the
circuit court abused its discretion by terminating his parental rights to all four children.

        This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and
legal arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly
aided by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

       The DHHR filed the underlying abuse and neglect petition in April of 2011, which
included allegations of abuse and neglect against the three oldest children by four different adult
respondents. The petition alleged that petitioner admitted to using intravenous drugs about two
months prior and that he most recently used unprescribed Xanax and marijuana. The circuit court
granted petitioner a post-adjudicatory improvement period in June of 2011 after he stipulated to
his neglect of J.H.-1, J.H.-2, and J.H.-3. The circuit court granted petitioner a number of
extensions to his improvement period throughout this case, all with directions to submit to
random drug screens and to participate in substance abuse treatment.

        In the summer of 2012, J.H.-4 was born, but was not removed from petitioner’s home. In
January of 2013, petitioner tested positive for unprescribed suboxone in violation of the terms of
his improvement period and the DHHR added J.H.-4 to a supplemental petition soon thereafter.
At the supplemental adjudicatory hearing in April of 2013, petitioner tested positive for
suboxone and marijuana and agreed, on cross-examination, that the issues that led to the filing of
the petition against him had not been resolved. The circuit court adjudicated J.H.-4 as a neglected
child and removed J.H.-4 from petitioner’s home. The DHHR’s case summary report from June

1
 Because the children in this case have the same initials, we have distinguished each of them
using numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 after their initials in this Memorandum Decision. The circuit court
case numbers also serve to distinguish each child.
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of 2013 indicated that petitioner failed to visit any of the three older children after February of
2013 or his youngest child after April of 2013 due to noncompliance with drug screens. By order
entered on July 15, 2013, the circuit court terminated petitioner’s parental rights to all four
children without granting an additional improvement period. It is from this order that petitioner
appeals.

       The Court has previously established the following standard of review:

               “Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
       novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
       facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
       evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether
       such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a
       reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when,
       although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire
       evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been
       committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply
       because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if
       the circuit court's account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record
       viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223,
       470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).

Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011).

        On appeal, petitioner raises two assignments of error. First, he argues that the circuit
court erred in terminating his parental rights to J.H.-4 without granting him an improvement
period so that he could have had the opportunity to work towards reunification with J.H.-4.
Second, petitioner argues that the circuit court abused its discretion by terminating his parental
rights to all of his children.

        Petitioner’s argument that he was entitled to an improvement period for J.H.-4 lacks
merit. Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 49-6-12, a respondent parent bears the burden of
proving that he or she will fully participate with an improvement period; consequently, the
circuit court has the discretion to deny an improvement period if the circuit court finds that this
burden has not been met. Further, this Court instructed circuit courts not to unnecessarily extend
abuse and neglect proceedings when it held that

               “[C]ourts are not required to exhaust every speculative possibility of
       parental improvement . . . where it appears that the welfare of the child will be
       seriously threatened, and this is particularly applicable to children under the age
       of three years who are more susceptible to illness, need consistent close
       interaction with fully committed adults, and are likely to have their emotional and
       physical development retarded by numerous placements.” Syl. Pt. 1, in part, In
       Re: R.J.M., 164 W. Va. 496, 266 S.E.2d 114 (1980).

Syl. Pt. 4, In re Cecil T., 228 W. Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011).

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        Upon our review, we find no error by the circuit court in this regard. A copy of the
transcript for the supplemental adjudicatory hearing on J.H.-4 reveals that petitioner was still
engaging in substance abuse by testing positive for suboxone and marijuana that same day. The
DHHR court summary of this hearing also indicated that petitioner previously tested positive for
suboxone, cocaine, and marijuana, and refused to submit to a couple of his other drug screens,
contributing to his “downward spiral.” Given that petitioner was afforded other opportunities
through improvement period extensions beginning in 2011, the circuit court clearly did not err in
denying petitioner’s request for yet another improvement period as it concerned J.H.-4.

         Petitioner’s argument that the circuit court erred in terminating his parental rights to all
four children also lacks merit. West Virginia Code § 49-6-5(b)(3) explains that circumstances in
which a parent fails to respond to rehabilitative efforts or a reasonable family case plan are
considered circumstances in which there is no reasonable likelihood that the conditions of
neglect or abuse can be substantially corrected. The record reflects that petitioner received
several improvement periods, but was unable to address the circumstances that gave rise to the
conditions of neglect for each of the children, namely his drug abuse problem. The DHHR’s
case summary report in June of 2013 revealed petitioner’s lack of participation with services,
visitations, and drug screens, and that he was arrested for domestic battery in the previous month.
This evidence was sufficient to support the circuit court’s findings and conclusions that there was
no reasonable likelihood to believe that conditions of abuse and neglect could be substantially
corrected in the near future, and that termination was necessary for the children’s welfare.
Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 49-6-5(a)(6), and in conjunction with West Virginia Code §
49-6-5(b)(3), circuit courts are directed to terminate parental rights upon such findings.

       For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the circuit court’s order terminating petitioner’s
parental rights to the children.

                                                                                         Affirmed.


ISSUED: April 28, 2014


CONCURRED IN BY:
Chief Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Brent D. Benjamin
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Allen H. Loughry II




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