[Cite as State v. Urich, 2019-Ohio-3138.]


STATE OF OHIO                     )                   IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                  )ss:                NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF MEDINA                  )

STATE OF OHIO                                         C.A. No.       18CA0078-M

        Appellee

        v.                                            APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                      ENTERED IN THE
RICHARD F. URICH                                      WADSWORTH MUNICIPAL COURT
                                                      COUNTY OF MEDINA, OHIO
        Appellant                                     CASE No.   17CRB00117

                                  DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: August 5, 2019



        CARR, Judge.

        {¶1}     Appellant, Richard Urich, appeals the judgment of the Wadsworth Municipal

Court. This Court affirms in part, reverses in part, and remands.

                                                 I.

        {¶2}     In 2017, Urich pleaded guilty to one count of violating a temporary protection

order in the Wadsworth Municipal Court. In its May 24, 2017 sentencing entry, the trial court

imposed a 180-day jail sentence, 160 days of which were suspended “on [the] condition [that

Urich] have no contact with K.T. or her children, for 5 years either directly or indirectly.” The

trial court also ordered Urich to pay a $250 fine.

        {¶3}     On March 16, 2018, the trial court issued a journal entry ordering Urich to appear

and show cause as to why he should not be held in contempt of the May 24, 2017 entry for

disobeying the condition relating to K.T. and her children. The trial court’s order specified that

pursuant to R.C. 2705.05(A)(1), Urich could face a fine not exceeding $250 and a jail term of up
                                                2


to 30 days. Urich denied the contempt and the matter proceeded to a hearing. After the hearing,

the trial court found Urich in indirect criminal contempt and imposed a 30-day jail term, with 20

days suspended on the condition that he successfully complete anger management counseling.

       {¶4}    On appeal, Urich raises three assignments of error.

                                               II.

                                ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

       MR. URICH’S CONVICTION FOR CONTEMPT OF COURT IS NOT
       SUPPORTED BY SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE.

       {¶5}    In his first assignment of error, Urich contends that there was insufficient

evidence to support the trial court’s contempt finding. This Court disagrees.

       {¶6}    The trial court found Urich in indirect contempt of the trial court’s May 24, 2017

order that required him to refrain from contacting K.T.’s children. Because the jail sentence in

this case was primarily aimed at punishing Urich, this matter involves indirect criminal

contempt. Petersheim v. Petersheim, 9th Dist. Wayne No. 16AP0043, 2017-Ohio-8782, ¶ 12.

“An action for indirect criminal contempt must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” Maynard

v. Elliot, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 02CA008067, 2002-Ohio-5260, ¶ 8, citing Midland Steel Prods.

Co. v. U.A.W. Local 486, 61 Ohio St.3d 121, 127 (1991). Moreover, the intent to defy the court

is an essential element of indirect criminal contempt. Midland Steel Prods. at 127. When

reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, this Court must review the evidence in a light most

favorable to the prosecution and decide whether such evidence, if believed, would convince the

average mind that the essential elements of the charge have been proven beyond a reasonable

doubt. State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 279 (1991).

       {¶7}    The evidence presented at the contempt hearing showed that Urich and K.T. were

involved romantically in 2016.      Shortly after the couple broke up, K.T. obtained a civil
                                                3


protection order against Urich. When Urich violated the civil protection order in 2017, the trial

court suspended the majority of his jail sentence on the condition that he have no contact with

K.T. or her children “either directly or indirectly” for a period of five years. In March 2018,

K.T.’s son, Z.W., received a “wave” from Urich on Facebook Messenger.                The message

contained an image of a waving hand and a comment that stated, “Rich is waving at you! Tap to

wave back[.]” The message was linked to a photograph of Urich, indicating that it came from

his Facebook account. K.T. testified that Facebook Messenger allows users to either send

messages or send any number of emojis, such as a wave.1 Around that same time, K.T received

a series of strange phone calls, some in the middle of the night, where the caller would stay on

the line but not say anything. Z.W. telephoned his mother and informed her about the contact.

He also sent a screenshot depicting Urich’s use of the wave function. K.T. and Z.W. contacted

the Wadsworth police and reported the incident. Urich acknowledged that the wave came from

his account but he claimed “it was just an accident.” Urich suggested that Z.W. may have been

in his Facebook Messenger contacts because they communicated on that platform prior to the

circumstances that gave rise to the civil protection order. Urich indicated that he did not use any

of the locking mechanisms on his phone and that, on multiple occasions, he had inadvertently

“waved” at people on Facebook Messenger.

       {¶8}    At the conclusion of the contempt hearing, the trial court found that while the

phone calls could not be linked to Urich, “the evidence clearly show[ed] that Rich Urich waved

at [Z.W. on Facebook Messenger.]” The trial court further found that the State demonstrated

beyond a reasonable doubt that the communication was intentional.



1
  K.T. testified that the wave function on Facebook Messenger replaced the former “poke”
button.
                                                 4


       {¶9}    In support of his assignment of error, Urich contends that the State failed to prove

that he intended to violate the contempt order by reaching out to one of K.T.’s children. Urich

maintains that “[e]ven if the circumstantial evidence shows that the Facebook wave had come

from [his] phone, the evidence does not rise to the level of proof showing that [he] intended to

defy a court order beyond a reasonable doubt.”

       {¶10} In light of the evidence presented at the hearing, Urich’s sufficiency argument is

without merit. Urich acknowledged that he sent a wave to Z.W. on Facebook Messenger, a

platform on which he had communicated with Z.W. previously. The State presented evidence

that the wave function is set up to require an affirmative act by the sender. Though Urich

contends that the communication was inadvertent and resulted from his failure to lock his phone,

this Court is required to view the facts in the light most favorable to the prosecution. Jenks, 61

Ohio St.3d at 279. Under these circumstances, where the State presented evidence that Urich

contacted Z.W. on Facebook Messenger in violation of the May 24, 2017 sentencing entry, Urich

cannot prevail on his sufficiency argument.

       {¶11} The first assignment of error is overruled.

                                ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III

       THE TRIAL COURT IMPROPERLY PLACED THE BURDEN OF PROOF
       BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT UPON MR. URICH.

       {¶12} In his third assignment of error, Urich contends that the trial court improperly

placed a burden of proof on him at the hearing. Urich stresses that while he merely contested the

allegation that he intentionally violated the trial court’s order, the trial court employed an

improper legal standard when it required him to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the contact

was inadvertent. This Court agrees.
                                                5


       {¶13} At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court discussed its reasoning for finding

Urich in contempt. Specifically, the trial court stated, “So I see this as a deliberate attempt to

just let [Z.W.] know, hey, I’m still out here. That’s how I view this. And I think beyond a

reasonable doubt that’s what they’ve established.”       Significantly, however, the trial court

continued, “[Though] [y]ou’ve claimed it’s inadvertent, I tend to believe that you have not

established, beyond a reasonable doubt in my mind, that it was inadvertent.”

       {¶14} Under these circumstances, we are compelled to sustain Urich’s assignment of

error. In cases of criminal contempt, the defendant is presumed innocent and he or she must be

proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Petersheim at ¶ 17. Here, the trial court, at least in

part, based its contempt finding on its determination that Urich failed to prove beyond a

reasonable doubt that he contacted Z.W. inadvertently on Facebook Messenger. Accordingly, as

the trial court improperly shifted the burden of proof to the defendant, the trial court’s contempt

finding must be reversed.

       {¶15} The third assignment of error is sustained.

                                ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II

       MR. URICH’S CONVICTION FOR CONTEMPT OF COURT IS AGAINST
       THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.

       {¶16} In his second assignment of error, Urich contends that the trial court’s contempt

finding was against the manifest weight of the evidence. This Court’s resolution of Urich’s third

assignment of error is dispositive of this appeal. Accordingly, we decline to address Urich’s

manifest weight challenge as it has been rendered moot. See App.R. 12(A)(1)(c).

                                               III.

       {¶17} Urich’s first assignment of error is overruled. The third assignment of error is

sustained. This Court declines to address the second assignment of error as it has been rendered
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moot. The judgment of the Wadsworth Municipal Court is affirmed in part, reversed in part, and

the cause remanded for further proceedings consistent with this decision.

                                                                        Judgment affirmed in part,
                                                                                 reversed in part,
                                                                             and cause remanded.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Wadsworth

Municipal Court, County of Medina, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A

certified copy of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed equally to both parties.



                                                     DONNA J. CARR
                                                     FOR THE COURT


CALLAHAN, P. J.
SCHAFER, J.
CONCUR.

APPEARANCES:

PATRICK S. LEARY, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

THOMAS J. MORRIS, Assistant Director of Law, for Appellee.
