                     IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 17-0303
                                Filed July 6, 2017


CHAD H. VOGT,
    Plaintiff-Appellant,

vs.

KATELYN JANE HERMANSON,
     Defendant-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________


      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Benton County, Sean W.

McPartland, Judge.



      The father appeals from an order denying his petition to modify the parties’

custody decree. AFFIRMED.




      Andrew B. Howie of Shindler, Anderson, Goplerud & Weese, P.C., West

Des Moines, for appellant.

      Christine L. Crilley of Crilley Law Offices, P.L.L.C., Hiawatha, for appellee.



      Considered by Vogel, P.J., and Doyle and McDonald, JJ.
                                          2


MCDONALD, Judge.

       Chad Vogt and Katelyn Hermanson are the parents of E.F.V., born 2011.

In March 2014, the district court entered a custody decree granting the parties

joint legal custody and joint care of the child. The custody decree provided the

child “shall attend primary and secondary school in the Cedar Rapids School

District unless otherwise agreed to by the parties.” In December 2015, Vogt filed

a petition to modify the custody decree, seeking to have the child attend school in

the Center Point-Urbana School District, approximately twenty-five miles from

Cedar Rapids. The district court denied the petition for modification, and Vogt

timely filed this appeal.

       Our review is de novo. See Iowa R. App. P. 6.907; In re Marriage of

Rosenfeld, 524 N.W.2d 212, 213 (Iowa Ct. App. 1994). We examine the entire

record and adjudicate anew issues properly preserved and presented. See In re

Marriage of Ales, 592 N.W.2d 698, 702 (Iowa Ct. App. 1999). We give weight to

the district court’s findings of fact, particularly on witness credibility, but we are

not bound by those findings. See id.

       Once custody of a child is fixed, it should be disturbed for only the most

cogent reasons. See In re Marriage of Frederici, 338 N.W.2d 156, 158 (Iowa

1983). We therefore require a party requesting a modification of the custodial

arrangement to demonstrate “by a preponderance of evidence that conditions

since the decree was entered have so materially and substantially changed that

the children’s best interests make it expedient to make the requested change.”

Id. Here, Vogt does not seek to modify the custodial arrangement; he seeks only

to change the school district the child will attend. We have previously treated this
                                           3

request more akin to a change in the parenting or visitation schedule.             See

Hemesath v. Bricker, No. 09-1064, 2010 WL 446990, at *3 (Iowa Ct. App. Feb.

10, 2010); In re Marriage of Spears, 529 N.W.2d 299, 302 (Iowa Ct. App. 1994).

The showing required for modification of this provision is less significant than the

showing required to modify the custody and care provisions of a decree. See

Nicolou v. Clements, 516 N.W.2d 905, 906 (Iowa Ct. App. 1994). The appellate

courts of this state have consistently held that to justify a modification of visitation

rights—or, as here, the child’s school district—the petitioner must only show

there has been a material change of circumstances since the filing of the decree

and the change is in the child’s best interests.        See, e.g., In re Marriage of

Salmon, 519 N.W.2d 94, 95–96 (Iowa Ct. App. 1994).

       The original decree contained the following findings and conclusions

regarding the child’s education:

               Additionally, at the heart of the instant dispute is in what
       school district [E.F.V.] will receive her education. Chad wants
       [E.F.V.] to attend school in the Center Point School District and
       Katelyn wants [E.F.V.] to attend school in the Cedar Rapids School
       District. Both districts will provide [E.F.V.] with quality education
       and each has benefits and drawbacks the other does not. The
       decision on where [E.F.V.] should attend school is one that is
       normally vested to the legal custodian. See Iowa Code § 598.1(5)
       [2011]. However, in a situation like this where the parties are joint
       legal custodians and cannot agree as to a decision affecting a
       child’s legal status, the Court must step in and make a decision in
       the child’s best interest. See Harder v. Anderson, 764 N.W.2d 534,
       538 (Iowa 2009) (“When joint legal custodians have a genuine
       disagreement [regarding a child’s legal status], the court must step
       in . . . and decide the dispute by considering what is in the best
       interest of the child.”). Therefore, after weighing all the facts and
       circumstances, the Court finds it is in [E.F.V.’s] best interest to
       attend school in the Cedar Rapids School District. In reaching this
       decision, the Court finds that the totality of the parties’ connections
       to Cedar Rapids tips the balance in favor of sending [E.F.V.] to
       school there. Although Chad lives in Urbana, he works in Cedar
                                         4


      Rapids and conducts at least some of his non-work activities there,
      including shopping and medical care. On the contrary, Katelyn has
      no present connection to Center Point or Urbana other than Chad.
      All this makes the Cedar Rapids School District the better choice, in
      [E.F.V.’s] best interest.

Since the time of the decree, neither party has moved, changed jobs, or made

any significant changes to their lives. The parties’ jobs both remain in Cedar

Rapids. The child’s medical providers remain in Cedar Rapids.

      At trial, Vogt contended there had been a material change in

circumstances since the time of the decree. Specifically, the parents enrolled the

child in preschool in Center Point. Vogt argued the child built relationships during

preschool and should thus continue all of her remaining schooling in Center

Point. He also argued the total travel time for both parties was minimized by

enrolling the child in the Center Point-Urbana School District. The district court

found and concluded as follows:

              Although the basis for the Court’s “tip of the balance” at the
      time of the decree (namely, the totality of the parties’ connections to
      Cedar Rapids) may have changed some since the entry of the
      decree, the Court finds and concludes that any change in the
      tipping of the balance does not rise to the level of material change
      in circumstances triggering modification of the explicit terms of the
      decree. Indeed, that balance may tip one way or the other many
      times over [the] course of the child’s period of minority. Each such
      tip does not justify a change in the terms of the decree.
              Moreover, granting the relief requested by Chad would not
      solve the issues presented by the parties. Having the child attend
      school in the Center Point-Urbana School District, away from the
      residences of both parties and away from the city in which both of
      the parties work, would lead to its own logistical issues. Such an
      arrangement . . . inevitably could lead to evidence and argument by
      each of the parties related to the relative merits of school in a
      smaller city versus school in a larger city. Such evidence,
      arguments and facts, however, already were considered by the
      Court at the time of the entry of the decree.
                                         5


       “[W]e recognize the reasonable discretion of the trial court to modify

[educational provisions] and will not disturb its decision unless the record fairly

shows it has failed to do equity.” Salmon, 519 N.W.2d at 95. We see no reason

to disturb the judgment of the district court. Like the district court, we conclude

Vogt failed to prove a material change in circumstances. Little has changed

since the time of the decree. The factors the district court considered in making

its original determination—where the parties live, their support networks,

transportation, the relative merits of each school district, the parents’ and child’s

connections to the different communities—all remain the same as at the time of

the decree.

       Vogt also failed to show removing the child from the Cedar Rapids district

is in the child’s best interests. After Vogt filed his petition, he sought expedited

relief to prevent Hermanson from enrolling the child in kindergarten in Cedar

Rapids. He was not able to obtain the relief prior to the start of the school year,

and Hermanson enrolled the child in kindergarten in Cedar Rapids pursuant to

the terms of the decree. Testimony at the modification trial showed the child has

settled into the district, has made friends, and is doing well in school. There is no

evidence the child would obtain a material benefit in changing school districts.

We do not find Hermanson’s decision to enroll the child in preschool in Center

Point a concession that enrollment in the Center Point-Urbana School District is

in the best interests of the child.

       Hermanson requests $3500 in appellate attorney fees. “In a proceeding to

determine custody or visitation, or to modify a paternity, custody, or visitation

order under this chapter, the court may award the prevailing party reasonable
                                         6


attorney fees.” Iowa Code § 600B.26. “An award of appellate attorney fees is

not a matter of right but rests within our discretion.” In re Marriage of Kurtt, 561

N.W.2d 385, 389 (Iowa 1997). In making our determination, “we consider the

needs of the party making the request, the ability of the other party to pay, and

whether the party making the request was obligated to defend the decision of the

trial court on appeal.” Id. Upon consideration of Hermanson’s request, we find

equity warrants the award of $3500 in appellate attorney fees.

      AFFIRMED.
