                                                                                    FILED
                                                                        United States Court of Appeals
                         UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         Tenth Circuit

                                FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT                          August 1, 2019
                            _________________________________
                                                                            Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                                Clerk of Court
 KENNETH WILLIAM LEWIS EL,

           Plaintiff - Appellant,

 v.                                                           No. 19-1135
                                                     (D.C. No. 1:19-CV-00163-LTB)
 OFFICE OF THE CO GOVERNOR (AND                                 (D. Colo.)
 SURETIES); OFFICE OF THE CO
 ATTORNEY GENERAL (AND
 SURETIES); OFFICE OF THE CO PUC
 (AND SURETIES),

           Defendants - Appellees.
                          _________________________________

                                ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
                            _________________________________

Before CARSON, BALDOCK, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.
                  _________________________________

       Kenneth William Lewis El filed a complaint in the United States District Court for

the District of Colorado. The district court dismissed that complaint because it did not

provide the defendants with fair notice of the specific claims Lewis asserted against them




       *
         After examining the Appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this panel has
determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the
determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The
case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment
is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata,
and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent
with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
or the specific factual allegations that supported those claims. Lewis appeals that

determination. Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm.

                                              I.

       In January 2019, Lewis filed a document entitled “Petition for Writ Certiorari” in

the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. Several days later, the

magistrate judge assigned to the matter issued an order advising Lewis that, among other

things, he had not submitted a complaint, petition, or application. The order indicated

that if Lewis did not cure that deficiency, the court would dismiss the action without

prejudice.

       Lewis then filed a document entitled “Complaint.” The district court determined

that his complaint did not comply with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8 because it:

(1) failed to provide a clear statement of the claim or claims Lewis was asserting; (2)

failed to provide a short and plain statement of the grounds for the court’s jurisdiction;

and (3) contained vague and conclusory allegations. The district court then granted

Lewis leave to file an amended complaint within thirty days.

       Lewis filed an amended complaint within that deadline. The district court

subsequently dismissed the action without prejudice because the amended complaint still

did not provide the defendants with fair notice of the specific claims Lewis asserted

against them or the specific factual allegations that supported the claims.

       After the district court dismissed the action, Lewis timely appealed the dismissal




                                              2
to this court. In his opening brief, he indicates that, among other purported errors,1 the

district court erred when it:

           imposed the requirement on [him] to comply with ‘Rules’ of
           Procedure that [he] unwilfully did not comply with. Statutes, codes,
           rules and procedure of common law do[] not have any efficacy in
           Exclusive Equity Jurisdiction, in the chambers of a federal
           judge/chancellor the entire cause may be settled.

Appellant’s Br. 2. He also files several motions: (1) a motion to appoint a special

master; and (2) a motion for judgment and order pro confesso.

                                             II.

       Lewis’s appeal lacks merit. In federal court, “[t]here is one form of action—the

civil action.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 2. The civil action encompasses both “actions at law” and

“suits in equity.” See Fed. R. Civ. P. 2 advisory committee’s note to 1937 adoption

(“Reference to actions at law or suits in equity in all statutes should now be treated as

referring to the civil action prescribed in these rules.”). The Federal Rules of Civil

Procedure “govern the procedure in all civil actions and proceedings in the United

States district courts.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 1. Although several exceptions exist, see id.;

Fed. R. Civ. P. 81, Lewis does not argue that any of those exceptions apply here.



       1
         Lewis also asserts that the district court erred because: (1) he had inadvertently
not served the defendants; (2) the action was significant enough to proceed without
payment of court fees; and (3) his allegations regarding jurisdiction were not conclusory
(although he then immediately conceded that the district court had not erred with respect
to his jurisdictional allegations). Significantly, none of those errors relate to the district
court’s determination that the amended complaint did not provide the defendants with fair
notice of the specific claims Lewis asserted against them or the specific factual
allegations that supported those claims.

                                              3
Nor is it immediately evident to the Court, after reviewing the threadbare allegations

in the operative complaint, that any such exception applies to this action. Thus, we

conclude that the district court did not err when it applied Federal Rule of Civil

Procedure 8 in the action below.2

                                            III.

       For the reasons stated above, we affirm the district court. We also deny Lewis’s

motions to appoint a special master and for judgment and order pro confesso.



                                              Entered for the Court


                                              Joel M Carson III
                                              Circuit Judge




       2
         For the same reason, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 55—which governs
default judgment—applies in equity actions. The default judgment procedure
specified in that rule replaces the equity decree pro confesso. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 55
advisory committee’s note to 1937 adoption (“This represents the joining of the equity
decree pro confesso (former Equity Rules 12 (Issue of Subpoena--Time for Answer), 16
(Defendant to Answer--Default--Decree Pro Confesso ), 17 (Decree Pro Confesso to be
Followed by Final Decree--Setting Aside Default), 29 (Defenses--How Presented), 31
(Reply--When Required--When Cause at Issue) ) and the judgment by default now
governed by U.S.C., Title 28, [former] § 724 (Conformity act).”). Significantly, although
Rule 55 permits a district court to enter default judgment against a defendant when
appropriate, see Fed. R. Civ. P. 55, “[t]he Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure do not
allow us to enter default judgment against an appellee for failure to file a brief,” Cent.
Dauphin Sch. Dist. v. Rashawn S. ex rel. Kendra S., 65 F. App’x 394, 395 (3d Cir. 2003).
Thus, we deny Lewis’s motion for judgment and order pro confesso.

      In addition, because we have determined that Lewis’s appeal lacks merit, we
deny as moot his motion seeking the appointment of a special master.

                                             4
