
Opinion issued May 24, 2007


 










In The
Court of Appeals
For The
First District of Texas



NO. 01-06-00089-CV



SHIRIN AJUDANI, ROSEMARY SHOOKOUFANDEH, AND LANA
DIERINGER, Appellants

V.

JIMMY WALKER, ATTORNEY AD LITEM FOR AREZO AJUDANI, A
MINOR, Appellee



On Appeal from Probate Court No. 1
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 327,327-401



O P I N I O N

	Appellants, Shirin Ajudani, Rosemary Shookoufandeh, and Lana Dieringer,
appeal from the probate court's October 6, 2005 order that charged attorney ad litem
fees and expenses against them.  In four issues, appellants argue that (1) the probate
court erred when it assessed attorney ad litem fees and expenses against them because
(a) the court's plenary power had expired, (b) the court did not have the authority to
award the fees and expenses against appellants, and (c) the attorney ad litem failed
to present evidence sufficient to support the reasonableness of the award; and (2) the
probate court erred when it assessed attorney ad litem fees and expenses against
Dieringer, because she was not a party to the case.
	We modify the probate court's October 6, 2005 order and affirm it as modified.Background
	Prior to his December 19, 2001 death, Dr. Shahrokh Ajudani mailed a
typewritten document to his attorney, Lana Dieringer, entitled "Last Will and
Testament of Shari Ajudani," together with seven handwritten pages.  The first
handwritten page begins, "Dear Lana, Here is my will which we never had the chance
to complete before . . ."; the remaining pages detail how Dr. Ajudani's estate should
be distributed after his death.  
 Dieringer, on behalf of Dr. Ajudani's sisters, Shirin Ajudani and Rosemary
Shookoufandeh, originally offered the typewritten document entitled "Last Will and
Testament of Shari Ajudani" for probate.  On January 3, 2002, however, Dieringer,
on behalf of Shirin and Rosemary, amended the request and, instead, offered for
probate the seven handwritten pages as Dr. Ajudani's purported holographic will.  On
January 28, 2002, Dieringer was added as an applicant.  On July 19, 2002, the probate
court appointed Jimmy Walker as attorney ad litem for Dr. Ajudani's minor daughter,
Arezo.  On August 9, 2002, Dieringer filed a motion to withdraw herself as an
applicant, alleging that her addition as an applicant had been in error.  Walker
objected to her withdrawal "until all costs of this proceeding have been adjudged and
awarded."  The probate court did not rule on Dieringer's motion to withdraw.
	On October 24, 2002, Walker filed an application for authority to pay
appointee fees and expenses with the probate court, requesting that his fees and
expenses be paid "by the personal representative from funds of the estate."  Included
with the application were a statement detailing his fees and expenses covering the
period of July 10, 2002 through September 30, 2002 and a fee affidavit.  On
November 11, 2002, the probate court granted the application and issued an order
authorizing the payment of $4,351.00 ($4,262.50 in fees and $88.50 in expenses) "by
the personal representative from funds of the estate."
	On November 25, 2002, Walker filed a second application for authority to pay
appointee fees and expenses, requesting that his fees and expenses be paid "by the
personal representative from funds of the estate."  Included with the application were
a statement detailing his fees and expenses covering the period of October 1, 2002
through October 31, 2002 and a fee affidavit.  On December 18, 2002, the probate
court granted the application and issued an order authorizing the payment of
$1,477.91 ($1,436.25 in fees and $41.66 in expenses) "by the personal representative
from funds of the estate."
	On February 13, 2003, Walker filed a third application for authority to pay
appointee fees and expenses with the probate court requesting that his fees and
expenses be paid "by the personal representative from funds of the estate."  Included
with the application were a statement detailing his fees and expenses covering the
period of November 1, 2002 through December 31, 2002 and a fee affidavit.  On
February 21, 2003, the probate court granted the application and issued an order
authorizing the payment of $5,050.52 ($4,286.25 in fees and $764.27 in expenses)
"by the personal representative from funds of the estate."
	On July 11, 2003, Walker filed a motion for summary judgment arguing that
Dr. Ajudani's letter to Dieringer, which Dieringer had filed for probate, was not a will
because "it lack[ed] the necessary testamentary intent to make it a will and was not
executed with testamentary intent."  The motion for summary judgment also included
a request "that all costs associated with the defense of this case be taxed against the
Applicants [Dieringer, Shirin, and Rosemary]."  In an August 7, 2003 order, the
probate court granted Walker's motion for summary judgment and included an order
"that all costs of this proceeding are adjudged against the applicants, Lana Dieringer,
Shirin Ajudani, Rosemary Shokoofandeh [sic]."  Shirin, Rosemary, and Dieringer
subsequently filed an appeal of the probate court's order granting summary judgment,
which we affirmed.  See Ajudani v. Walker, 177 S.W.3d 415 (Tex. App.--Houston
[1st Dist.] 2005, no pet.). 	
	On August 26, 2003, Walker filed a fourth application for authority to pay
appointee fees and expenses with the probate court, requesting that his fees and
expenses be paid "by the personal representative from funds of the estate."  Included
with the application were a statement detailing his fees and expenses covering the
period of January 1, 2003 through July 31, 2003 and a fee affidavit.  On September
15, 2003, the probate court granted the application and issued an order authorizing
the payment of $6,570.91 ($5,886 in fees and $684.91 in expenses) "by the personal
representative from funds of the estate."
	On October 7, 2003, Walker filed a fifth application for authority to pay
appointee fees and expenses requesting that his fees and expenses be paid "by the
personal representative from funds of the estate."  Included with the application were
a statement detailing his fees and expenses covering the period of August 1, 2003
through August 31, 2003 and a fee affidavit.  On November 10, 2003, the probate
court granted the application and issued an order authorizing the payment of
$1,856.46 ($1,787.50 in fees and $68.96 in expenses) "by the personal representative
from funds of the estate."
	On November 25, 2003, Walker filed a sixth application for authority to pay
appointee fees and expenses requesting that his fees and expenses be paid "by the
personal representative from funds of the estate."  Included with the application were
a statement detailing his fees and expenses covering the period of September 1, 2003
through October 31, 2003 and a fee affidavit.  On December 16, 2003, the probate
court granted the application and issued an order authorizing the payment of
$1,861.90 ($1,761.25 in fees and $100.65 in expenses) "by the personal
representative from funds of the estate."
	On January 27, 2004, Walker filed a seventh application for authority to pay
appointee fees and expenses requesting that his fees and expenses be paid "by the
personal representative from funds of the estate."  Included with the application were
a statement detailing his fees and expenses covering the period of November 1, 2004
through December 31, 2004 and a fee affidavit.  On February 6, 2004, the probate
court granted the application and issued an order authorizing the payment of
$4,018.37 ($3,948.75 in fees $69.62 in expenses) "by the personal representative
from funds of the estate."
 Based on his seven applications for authority to pay appointee fees and
expenses, Walker's total fees were $23,368.50 and his total expenses were $1,818.57,
for a grand total of $25,187.07.
	On July 25, 2005, we notified Walker that our mandate for appellants' 2005
appeal of the probate court's order granting summary judgment had issued.  On
August 4, 2005, Walker filed a motion to assess costs in the probate court alleging:
	The costs of this proceeding are as follows:
	Deposition costs					-	$   211.60
	Attorney ad Litem fees and expenses		-	27,396.05
	Total								$27,607.65
On October 6, 2005, the probate court granted Walker's motion to assess costs,
ordering that "the costs of this proceeding, in the amount of $27,607.65 are assessed,
jointly and severally against the Applicants, Shirin Ajudani, Rosemary
Shookoufandeh, and Lana Dieringer, and that Arezo Karimi Ajudani shall recover the
sum of $27,607.65, jointly and severally from Shirin Ajudani, Rosemary
Shookoufandeh, and Lana Dieringer . . . ."  Although the probate court had granted
seven applications authorizing payment of appointee fees and expenses from the
funds of Dr. Ajudani's estate, the court's October 6, 2005 order assessed these fees
and expenses against Shirin, Rosemary, and Dieringer in their individual capacities.
	On October 27, 2005, appellants filed a motion for a new hearing on Walker's
motion to assess costs.  The probate court did not rule on appellants' motion for a
new hearing, and appellants instituted this appeal.

Analysis
 The Trial Court's Plenary Power
	In their first issue on appeal, appellants argue that the trial court erred when it
assessed Walker's fees and expenses against them because the trial court's plenary
power had expired.  Walker responds that the trial court's assessment of his fees and
expenses against appellants was a ministerial act over which the trial court maintained
its jurisdiction.
	Under the Texas Probate Code, "[a]ll final orders of any court exercising
original probate jurisdiction shall be appealable to the courts of appeals."  Tex. Prob.
Code Ann. § 5(g) (Vernon Supp. 2006).  A probate order is the functional equivalent
of a judgment when it finally disposes of a particular issue between parties. 
Maxfield v. Terry, 885 S.W.2d 216, 220 (Tex. App.--Dallas 1994, writ denied). 
Thus, the probate court's plenary power to vacate, modify, correct, or reform a final
order expires 30 days after it is signed.  See Tex. R. Civ. P. 329b(d).  Even if the
probate court's plenary power has expired, however, it retains its inherent power to
clarify or enforce the order.  See Shackelford v. Barton, 156 S.W.3d 604, 607 (Tex.
App.--Tyler 2004, pet. denied); Hurley v. Hurley, 960 S.W.2d 287, 288 (Tex.
App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1997, no pet.).
	Here, the probate court's October 6, 2005 order assessing costs was an order
clarifying a previous order.  In its August 7, 2003 order granting Walker's motion for
summary judgment, the probate court adjudged costs against Shirin, Rosemary, and
Dieringer.  Thus, the order determined who would pay costs, but not how much they
would have to pay; the amount of Walker's fees and expenses up to this point had
been determined by the court's three previous orders granting Walker's applications
for authority to pay appointee fees and expenses. (1)  After this Court affirmed the
probate court's order granting summary judgment in favor of Walker, Walker moved
and the probate court ordered that Shirin, Rosemary, and Dieringer pay $27,607.65
for Walker's fees and expenses.  By ordering Shirin, Rosemary, and Dieringer to pay
a particular amount, the probate court was clarifying its August 7, 2003 order that had
assessed costs against Shirin, Rosemary, and Dieringer without fixing the amount to
be paid and was, therefore, acting within its inherent power.  See Shackelford, 156
S.W.3d at 607; Hurley, 960 S.W.2d at 288. 
	We overrule appellant's first issue.
 Recovery of Attorney's Fees and Expenses From Appellants
	In their third issue on appeal, appellants argue that the trial court erred when
it charged Walker's attorney's fees and expenses against them without the statutory
or contractual authority to do so.  Walker responds that under Texas Rule of Civil
Procedure 131, he is entitled to recover his costs from appellants, and therefore to
recover his attorney's fees, because he was the successful party in this suit. 
	Under the Texas Probate Code, "[e]ach attorney ad litem appointed . . . is
entitled to reasonable compensation for services in the amount set by the court and
to be taxed as costs in the proceeding."  Tex. Prob. Code Ann. § 34A (Vernon
2003).  Such costs are to be charged against the estate. (2)  House Comm. on Judicial
Affairs, Bill Analysis, Tex. H.B. 266, 68th Leg., R.S. (1983); see also Tex. Gov't
Code Ann. § 311.023 (Vernon 2005) ("In construing a statute, whether or not the
statute is considered ambiguous on its face, a court may consider among other matters
the . . . legislative history . . . .").  Thus, by implication, such costs cannot be assessed
against an adverse party, even if the attorney ad litem represents the successful party. 
See Tex. R. Civ. P. 131 ("The successful party to a suit shall recover of his adversary
all costs incurred therein, except where otherwise provided.").
	Here, in its August 7, 2003 order granting summary judgment for Walker, the
probate court ordered that "all costs of this proceeding are adjudged against the
applicants, Lana Dieringer, Shirin Ajudani, and Rosemary Shokoofandeh [sic]."  On
August 4, 2005, Walker filed a motion with the probate court to assess costs against
appellants totaling $27,607.65--$27,396.05 of which Walker attributed to attorney
ad litem fees and expenses and $211.60 of which he attributed to deposition costs. (3)
The court granted Walker's motion on October 6, 2005.  Because compensation for
an attorney ad litem's services must be charged against the estate to which his
appointment relates, the probate court erred when it charged these costs against
appellants.  See Bill Analysis, Tex. H.B. 266, 68th Leg., R.S. (1983).  The probate
court should have charged Walker's attorney's fees and expenses against Dr.
Ajudani's estate.  See id.
	We sustain appellants' third issue.
 Reasonableness of Fees
	In their fourth issue on appeal, appellants argue that the probate court erred in
awarding attorney's fees without evidence to support the reasonableness of the fees
awarded.  In response, Walker points out that each fee application submitted to and
approved by the court prior to his motion to assess costs included an affidavit and an
itemized statement detailing time spent and services performed.  Because the probate
court's orders authorizing payment of appointee fees and expenses were final and
appealable and appellants never objected to or appealed these orders, according to
Walker, they have waived any objection to the propriety of these orders.
	The reasonableness of attorney's fees must be supported by competent
evidence.  In re R.D.Y., 51 S.W.3d 314, 325 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 2001,
pet. denied).  When no evidence or insufficient evidence supports an award, the court
abuses its discretion in making the award.  Woollett v. Matyastik, 23 S.W.3d 48, 53
(Tex. App.--Austin 2000, pet. denied). Here, the total amount of fees and expenses
supported by Walker's applications is $25,187.07.  However, Walker requested, and
the probate court ordered, the payment of $27,607.65 even though Walker included
no documentation with his motion to assess costs to support an additional award of
$2,420.58.  Because the evidence is insufficient to support an award of $27,607.65,
we conclude that the court below abused its discretion in making this award in an
amount greater than that supported by the evidence.  See id. 
	We sustain appellants' fourth issue. (4) 







Conclusion	We modify the probate court's October 6, 2005 order to award $25,187.07 to
Walker from Dr. Ajudani's estate in accordance with this opinion.  We affirm the
order as modified. (5)



							Evelyn V. Keyes
							Justice

Panel consists of Justices Nuchia, Keyes, and Higley.
1.  Subsequent to the probate court's August 7, 2003 order granting Walker's motion for
summary judgment, Walker filed four additional applications for authority to pay appointee
fees and expenses, all of which the probate court granted.
2.  The digest of the bill analysis states, "The bill would permit probate judges to appoint an
attorney ad litem . . . to represent the interests of an unknown heir, a nonresident, or a person
with a legal disability in any probate proceeding.  The attorney . . . would be entitled to court-determined fees, which would be charged against the estate."  House Comm. on Judicial
Affairs, Bill Analysis, Tex. H.B. 266, 68th Leg., R.S. (1983) (second emphasis added).
3.  In his August 4, 2005 motion to assess costs, Walker requested $27,607.65. However, the
probate court had previously ordered a total of only $25,187.07 to be paid from Dr. Ajudani's
estate.  Walker included no documentation with his motion to assess costs to support an
award of an additional $2,420.58.
4.  Because our ruling on appellant's third issue is dispositive of appellants' second issue, we
need not reach the second issue.  Tex. R. App. P. 47.1.
5.  See Tex. R. App. P. 43.2(b) ("The court of appeals may . . . modify the trial court's
judgment and affirm it as modified.").
