                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                           APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
    This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
 internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.




                                                     SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                     APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                     DOCKET NO. A-2507-16T1

ANDREW SCHILDINER,

       Plaintiff-Appellant/
       Cross-Respondent,

v.

PATRICK P. TOSCANO, JR., ESQ.
and THE TOSCANO LAW FIRM
LLC,
     Defendants-Respondents/
     Cross-Appellants.
____________________________________

                Argued telephonically September 20, 2018 –
                Decided October 10, 2018

                Before Judges Hoffman and Suter.

                On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                Division, Essex County, Docket No. L-2065-14.

                Kenneth S. Thyne argued the cause for appellant/cross-
                respondent (Roper & Thyne, LLC, attorneys; Kenneth
                S. Thyne, on the brief).

                Patrick P. Toscano, Jr., argued the cause for
                respondents/cross-appellants (The Toscano Law Firm,
                LLC, attorneys; AnneMarie Harrison, on the brief).
PER CURIAM

      Plaintiff Andrew Schildiner appeals from Law Division orders dismissing

his amended complaint, which asserted claims of legal malpractice and breach

of fiduciary duty, and setting the amount of reasonable fees payable to

defendants, Patrick Toscano Jr., Esq. and the Toscano Law Firm, LLC. We

affirm.

                                        I

      The New Jersey Supreme Court disbarred plaintiff on January 7, 2013

after plaintiff acknowledged knowingly misappropriating trust funds.            The

Office of Attorney Ethics informed the Bergen County Prosecutor's Office of

plaintiff's disbarment and acknowledgement. Plaintiff then contacted Arthur

Margeotes, a criminal defense attorney and an associate with defendant Toscano

Law Firm, LLC.

      After meeting with Margeotes and defendant Patrick Toscano Jr., Esq.,

plaintiff entered into a retainer agreement on March 1, 2013, whereby plaintiff

retained defendants to represent his "legal interests in connection with:

            1. State v. Andrew Schildiner[.][1]




1
  The State had not initiated a criminal case against plaintiff at that time, and
never did so.
                                                                            A-2507-16T1
                                       2
            2. Theft, Theft by Deception, Second Degree
               (subsequent to disbarment – presumption of
               incarceration, [seven] year presumptive term)[.]"

      The agreement provided for a "$100,000.00 Non-refundable (flat and

capped fee)." The fee schedule required an $80,000 payment upon signing the

agreement and a $20,000 payment due April 1, 2013.           Plaintiff contends

defendants offered only the flat non-refundable fee arrangement. Defendants

contend they offered plaintiff an hourly based fee, as well as the flat fee

arrangement, and plaintiff chose the flat fee.     Defendants further contend

plaintiff fully understood the flat fee would apply, regardless of how much time

defendants actually spent on the case. Plaintiff paid the initial $80,000, then

paid the remaining $20,000 on approximately July 8, 2013.

      Defendants contend they immediately began working on the case and

contacted the prosecutor's office multiple times.      On April 5, 2013, the

prosecutor's office informed defendants, "we currently have no active

investigation or prosecution pending with regard to [plaintiff]." Defendant s

confirmed there was no pending investigation or prosecution on July 8, 2013.

The State ultimately declined to file any charges against plaintiff. Defendants

contend they fully earned the $100,000 fee.




                                                                        A-2507-16T1
                                       3
      Defendants paid Margeotes $30,000 per an agreement between defendants

and Margeotes. Defendants terminated Margeotes in July 2013 because his

"overall work performance was, unfortunately, extremely substandard . . . ."

      On September 19, 2013, plaintiff's current attorney wrote to defendant s

requesting an accounting of services performed for plaintiff and a refund of all

unearned fees. On September 23, 2013, defendants sent plaintiff's attorney the

firm's twenty-seven-page file regarding plaintiff and advised that if plaintiff

wished to pursue a fee refund, he should file for fee arbitration.

      On January 13, 2014, plaintiff filed a complaint demanding defendants

provide "[a]n accounting of time spent . . . and fees claimed," and "[a] return of

all fees not earned or exceeding a reasonable fee." The complaint also demanded

"[c]ompensatory [d]amages," along with "[s]pecial and [c]onsequential

[d]amages." Defendants responded by filing several counterclaims and third-

party complaints against Margeotes and plaintiff's current attorneys. The third-

party complaint included a request for disgorgement of Margeotes' share of any

fees the court orders defendants to return. Defendants also requested a judgment

declaring their entitlement to a reasonable fee and setting the amount thereof.

      After several motions for dismissal and summary judgment, the trial court

dismissed defendants' counterclaims and third-party complaint, found the


                                                                          A-2507-16T1
                                        4
$100,000 flat fee unreasonable, and ordered defendants to produce an

accounting and return any unearned fees. The judge found plaintiff terminated

the agreement with defendants and reasoned "[t]he nonrefundable portion of the

agreement should not be enforced, since it would hinder the ability to retain

counsel in contravention of Cohen."2           However, the judge also found

"[d]efendant should be allowed to retain funds for the services performed."

        In their initial accounting, defendants simply provided a statement that

they earned the entire fee because the parties agreed to a flat fee. The trial court

rejected the accounting, finding defendants in violation of its previous order,

and again ordered defendants to produce an accounting and return any unearned

fees.

        Defendants then produced a detailed accounting listing the time spent and

services provided on behalf of plaintiff. That accounting listed 110 hours of

work performed at $505 per hour for a total fee of $55,550. The work included

several hours of research and review of rules and case law.            In addition,

defendants claimed plaintiff was responsible for the $30,000 fee paid to

Margeotes, despite the fact that defendants had no time records regarding

Margeotes' work. Defendants agreed to return the remaining $14,450, "upon

2
  Cohen v. Radio-Elecs. Officers Union, 146 N.J. 140, 157 (1996) ("A retainer
agreement may not prevent a client from discharging a lawyer.").
                                                                            A-2507-16T1
                                         5
[receiving] written assurance that we have satisfied the Court's Order respecting

the accounting."

      The trial court again found defendants in violation of its order to provide

an accounting; as a result, the court ordered defendants to deposit $44,450 with

the court and pay plaintiff's attorney's fees incurred in bringing a motion to

enforce litigant's rights.

      Plaintiff then requested leave to amend his complaint to add claims of

malpractice, which the court granted.        After plaintiff filed the amended

complaint, the trial court scheduled a hearing regarding the reasonableness of

defendants' fees. At the hearing, defendant Patrick Toscano Jr. testified at length

regarding his representation of plaintiff. The trial court then issued a detailed

written opinion, reviewing each of defendants' itemized entries and determining

the reasonableness of each one 3; however, the trial judge failed to enter a

confirming order regarding her written opinion before she retired.

      Subsequently, a second judge took over the case and issued an order

requiring defendants to deposit $24,644 with the court in addition to the $44,450

already deposited. A third judge then issued an order finalizing the first judge's



3
   The judge determined defendants were entitled to retain $30,906 of the
$100,000 flat fee.

                                                                           A-2507-16T1
                                        6
order requiring defendants to deposit $44,450 and again ordering defendants to

deposit the additional $24,644. The third judge also granted summary judgment

to defendants dismissing plaintiff's malpractice and breach of fiduciary duty

claims.    After several rounds of appeals, cross-appeals, dismissals, and

reinstatements, we now address plaintiff's appeal from the orders dismissing his

malpractice and breach of fiduciary duty claims, and allowing defendants to

retain $30,906 of the $100,000 flat fee paid by plaintiff.

                                          II

      We first address plaintiff's argument that the trial court improperly

granted summary judgment dismissing plaintiff's malpractice and breach of

fiduciary duty claims. Plaintiff further argues the malpractice or breach of

fiduciary duty entitled plaintiff to an award of attorney fees expended in

bringing the current complaint to retrieve unearned fees. Defendants counter

that this matter constitutes a fee dispute, which does not allow the award of

attorney fees.

      Whether defendants are liable for attorney fees turns on whether

defendants committed legal malpractice or this is merely a fee dispute. If

defendants committed malpractice, plaintiff is entitled to attorney fees. Saffer

v. Willoughby, 143 N.J. 256, 272 (1996). In Saffer, the client first filed a request


                                                                            A-2507-16T1
                                          7
for fee arbitration. Id. at 260. While the fee arbitration was pending, the client

uncovered alleged malpractice. Ibid. The alleged malpractice had nothing to

do with the fee agreement between the lawyer and client. Id. at 262. The

Supreme Court held "[o]rdinarily, an attorney may not collect attorney fees for

services negligently performed. In addition, a negligent attorney is responsible

for the reasonable legal expenses and attorney fees incurred by a former client

in prosecuting the legal malpractice action." Id. at 272.

      In a malpractice case, the plaintiff must prove the existence of a

relationship creating a duty of care, a breach of that duty, and proximate

causation between the breach and any damages sustained. McGrogan v. Till,

167 N.J. 414, 425 (2001). The damages incurred are the amount the plaintiff

would have received had the attorney fulfilled his or her duty of care. Frazier

v. N.J. Mfrs. Ins. Co., 142 N.J. 590, 601 (1995) (citation omitted).

      Plaintiff first contends defendants' refusal to return unearned fees is a

violation of the Rules of Professional Conduct (RPCs), and therefore a breach

of duty constituting malpractice. RPC 1.16(d) states, "Upon termination of

representation, a lawyer shall . . . refund[] any advance payment of fee that has

not been earned or incurred." However, an RPC violation alone is not enough

to establish legal malpractice. Baxt v. Liloia, 155 N.J. 190, 198-99 (1998).


                                                                          A-2507-16T1
                                        8
Nevertheless, an attorney's obligations under the RPCs can be relevant and

admissible in evaluating the legal duty of an attorney in a malpractice action.

Id. at 199-200.

      Here, plaintiff contends defendants did not earn the full $100,000 fee.

Defendants contend the parties agreed to a fixed non-refundable $100,000 fee,

and defendants performed the requested task of keeping plaintiff out of jail.

Unlike Saffer, the issue here is purely about the fee agreement; this is a fee

dispute, rather than a malpractice claim. Defendants did not violate RPC 1.16(d)

because they did not refuse to return funds they knew were unearned; they

disputed the fact that the fees were unearned. Because this is merely a fee

dispute, defendants did not breach a fiduciary duty by refusing to return funds.

      Plaintiff next argues defendants breached a fiduciary duty to plaintiff by

failing to properly advise him as to the non-refundable aspect of the retainer

agreement. "In entering a contract at the outset of a representation, the lawyer

must explain the basis and rate of the fee . . . and advise the client of such matters

as conflicts of interest, the scope of the representation, and the contract's

implications for the client . . . ." Restatement (Third) of the Law Governing

Lawyers § 18 cmt. d (Am. Law Inst. 2000). RPC 1.4(c) states, "A lawyer shall




                                                                              A-2507-16T1
                                          9
explain a matter to the extent reasonably necessary to permit the client to make

informed decisions regarding the representation."

      The RPCs require an explanation "to the extent reasonably necessary to

permit the client to make informed decisions regarding the representation." RPC

1.4(c). As a former attorney, plaintiff was clearly capable of understanding the

non-refundable nature of the agreement and the implications of such an

agreement. Therefore, defendants did not violate RPC 1.4(c). Furthermore,

even if defendants did violate RPC 1.4(c), such a violation does not

automatically constitute malpractice.          See Baxt, 155 N.J. at 198-200.

Accordingly, we conclude defendants did not breach any fiduciary duty to

plaintiff by failing to explain the retainer agreement.

      Because defendants did not breach any fiduciary duty to plaintiff, and the

record contains no evidence of any negligent representation of plaintiff,

defendants did not commit malpractice. Accordingly, we find the trial court

properly dismissed plaintiff's malpractice and breach of fiduciary duty claims.

                                         III

      Finally, plaintiff contends defendants billed for unnecessary research, and

plaintiff should not be liable for the cost of that research. Specifically, plaintiff

contends eighty-eight of the one-hundred-ten hours submitted are unreasonable.


                                                                             A-2507-16T1
                                        10
The trial court found 48.8 hours unreasonable, and ordered defendants to return

$69,094 of the $100,000 fee.

      We review fee determinations for an abuse of discretion. Rendine v.

Pantzer, 141 N.J. 292, 317 (1995). "[F]ee determinations by trial courts will be

disturbed only on the rarest occasions . . . ." Ibid.

      "[T]he trial courts have 'wide latitude in resolving attorney-fee

applications . . . .'" Triffin v. Automatic Data Processing, Inc., 411 N.J. Super.

292, 308 (App. Div. 2010) (quoting Furst v. Einstein Moomjy, Inc., 182 N.J. 1,

25 (2004)). In order to determine a reasonable attorney fee, the court starts with

the "lodestar," which equals the "number of hours reasonably expended

multiplied by a reasonable hourly rate." Rendine, 141 N.J. at 334-35. "[A] trial

court may exclude hours from the lodestar calculation if in its view the hours

expended exceed 'those that competent counsel reasonably would have

expended to achieve a comparable result,' in the context of 'the damages

prospectively recoverable, the interests to be vindicated, and the underlying

statutory objectives.'" Szczepanski v. Newcomb Med. Ctr., Inc., 141 N.J. 346,

355 (1995) (quoting Rendine, 141 N.J. at 336). The trial court should exclude

hours that are "excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary." Rendine, 141

N.J. at 335 (quoting Rode v. Dellarciprete, 892 F.2d 1177, 1183 (3d Cir. 1990)).


                                                                          A-2507-16T1
                                        11
       The first step in the lodestar calculation considers the number of hours

"reasonably" devoted to the matter. Rendine, 141 N.J. at 334-35. However, a

trial court "should not accept passively the submissions of counsel to support

the lodestar amount . . . ." Id. at 335. Thus, "[i]t does not follow that the amount

of time actually expended is the amount of time reasonably expended." Ibid.

(emphases in original) (quoting Copeland v. Marshall, 641 F.2d 880, 891 (D.C.

Cir. 1980)).    The "determination need not be unnecessarily complex or

protracted, but the trial court should satisfy itself that the assigned hourly rates

are fair, realistic, and accurate, or should make appropriate adjustments." Id. at

337.

       Here, the trial court held a hearing on the reasonableness of the fees, in

which defendant Patrick Toscano Jr. testified at length. In her decision, the

judge went through each line of defendants' accounting showing the work

performed and hours spent, and determined the reasonableness of each entry,

considering defendants' expertise and experience. The judge found defendants'

hourly rate reasonable due to their extensive expertise, but not their lodestar

calculation. For example, the judge found defendants' claim of five-and-one-

half hours to review three cases totaling less than twenty pages excessive for

attorneys with defendants' vast experience in criminal law. Because the judge


                                                                            A-2507-16T1
                                        12
carefully examined each line of defendants' accounting for reasonableness, we

affirm her findings as to the amount of fees earned.

      Our standard of review requires deference to a judge's findings "unless

they are so wholly unsupportable as to result in a denial of justice." Greenfield

v. Dusseault, 60 N.J. Super. 436, 444 (App. Div.), aff'd o.b., 33 N.J. 78, (1960);

see also Rova Farms Resort, Inc. v. Inv'rs Ins. Co. of Am., 65 N.J. 474, 483-84

(1974). We conclude the record contains sufficient credible evidence in the

record to support the judge's findings, and that she correctly applied the law.

Accordingly, we affirm the trial court's order requiring defendants to return

$69,094 of the $100,000 fee.

      Affirmed.




                                                                          A-2507-16T1
                                       13
