November 5, 2018




                                                                     Supreme Court

                                                                     No. 2016-61-M.P.
                                                                     (P1/10-3258AG)

                         State                    :

                           v.                     :

                   Victor Arciliares.             :




                    NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before
                    publication in the Rhode Island Reporter. Readers are requested to
                    notify the Opinion Analyst, Supreme Court of Rhode Island,
                    250 Benefit Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, at Telephone
                    222-3258 of any typographical or other formal errors in order that
                    corrections may be made before the opinion is published.
                                                                    Supreme Court

                                                                    No. 2016-61-M.P.
                                                                    (P1/10-3258AG)

                     State                      :

                       v.                       :

               Victor Arciliares.               :

                Present: Suttell, C.J., Goldberg, Flaherty, Robinson, and Indeglia, JJ.

                                           OPINION

         Justice Indeglia, for the Court. After a 2012 trial in Providence County Superior Court,

a jury found the defendant, Victor Arciliares (Arciliares or defendant), guilty of one count of

second-degree murder and one count of discharging a firearm while committing a crime of

violence.1 The defendant timely appealed to this Court, but ultimately filed a motion to remand

the matter to the Superior Court for a new trial in light of newly discovered evidence. This Court

granted the defendant’s unopposed motion. While on remand, the defendant filed supplemental

memoranda contending that he was entitled to a new trial because the trial justice’s jury

instructions regarding involuntary manslaughter were improper in light of this Court’s opinion in

State v. Diaz, 46 A.3d 849 (R.I. 2012). The trial justice granted the defendant’s motion for a new

trial on that ground, and we granted the state’s petition for a writ of certiorari seeking review of

that decision. The state argues that the defendant’s motion for a new trial based on the issue of

the propriety of the trial justice’s jury instructions was procedurally improper and that, even if

the trial justice did not err in hearing the motion, he nevertheless erred in granting it because

Diaz did not set forth a new rule of law and the defendant failed to preserve this issue at trial.

For the reasons set forth herein, we quash the order of the Superior Court.

1
    These were counts 1 and 4 of the indictment, respectively.


                                                 -1-
                                                I

                                       Facts and Travel

       On October 28, 2010, a grand jury indicted defendant on two counts of second-degree

murder (counts 1 and 3), in violation of G.L. 1956 § 11-23-1;2 one count of carrying a pistol

without a license (count 2), in violation of G.L. 1956 § 11-47-8(a); and one count of discharging

a firearm while committing a crime of violence (count 4), in violation of § 11-47-3.2(b)(3).3 A

jury found defendant guilty of counts 1 and 4. The trial justice denied defendant’s motion for a

new trial following the jury verdict, and he sentenced defendant to a term of forty-five years

imprisonment on count 1 and a consecutive life sentence on count 4.

       On July 3, 2012, defendant timely appealed his convictions to this Court. Subsequently,

on June 17, 2013, prior to filing his brief-in-chief,4 defendant moved to remand the case to the

Superior Court so that he might file a motion for new trial based on newly discovered evidence

pursuant to Rule 33 of the Superior Court Rules of Criminal Procedure. The state did not object

to this motion. This Court granted defendant’s motion on September 16, 2013, remanding the

case and holding the appeal in abeyance pending the disposition of defendant’s Rule 33 motion.

On April 15, 2014,5 in Superior Court, defendant filed his motion for a new trial and

corresponding memorandum in support of the motion, alleging that newly discovered evidence

and violations under Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963), entitled him to a new trial. The

state filed its objection to the motion for a new trial. Thereafter, defendant filed supplemental

2
  It appears from the record that counts 1 and 3, both charging defendant with second-degree
murder, were based upon separate and distinct theories—felony murder and murder committed
with a reckless indifference to human life.
3
  Prior to the start of trial, the state dismissed counts 2 and 3.
4
  Defendant filed his brief-in-chief on August 1, 2013.
5
  A review of the record does not indicate a reason for the delay between this Court’s remand
order and defendant’s filing of his motion in Superior Court; rather, there appears to have been
no activity during that seven-month period.


                                              -2-
memoranda on August 4, 2015, December 22, 2015, and February 23, 2016. In his second and

third supplemental memoranda, defendant proffered a new argument in support of his motion for

a new trial, contending that the trial justice had erred in instructing the jury as to involuntary

manslaughter. In support of his new position, defendant averred that Diaz created a new rule of

law requiring that the trial justice’s jury charge for involuntary manslaughter contain a reference

to “criminal negligence.”       The defendant reasoned that, because the trial justice’s jury

instructions at defendant’s trial lacked such language, and in fact contained nearly identical

language to that used in the trial in Diaz,6 he was entitled to a new trial.7

       On February 29, 2016, the trial justice granted defendant’s motion for new trial on those

grounds, and the state filed a petition for a writ of certiorari with this Court. On June 3, 2016,

6
  In charging the jury, the trial justice used the following language to instruct them on
involuntary manslaughter:

               “Generally speaking, manslaughter is the unlawful but
               unintentional killing of a human being without malice or
               premeditation. A person who recklessly does an act that results in
               the death of another human being is guilty of manslaughter, even
               though he did not contemplate such a result. Nothing more is
               required than the intentional doing of an act which, by reason of its
               reckless character, exposes another person to injury and causes
               injury or death.”

In State v. Diaz, 46 A.3d 849 (R.I. 2012), the same trial justice charged the jury with the
following:

              “Generally speaking, manslaughter is the unlawful but
              unintentional killing of a human being without malice or
              premeditation. A person who recklessly does an act that results in
              the death of another human being is guilty of manslaughter even
              though he did not contemplate such a result. Nothing more is
              required than an intentional doing of an act which, by reason of its
              wanton or reckless character, exposes another person to injury, and
              causes injury or death.” Diaz, 46 A.3d at 863.
7
  At the remand hearing on defendant’s motion for new trial, the trial justice heard only defense
counsel’s argument on the issue of the propriety of the jury instructions, and never reached
arguments on the topic of newly discovered evidence.


                                                 -3-
this Court granted the state’s petition and issued the writ, instructing the parties “to address

whether in this Court’s decision in State v. Diaz * * * this Court announced a new rule of law in

light of our holdings in the following cases: State v. Hallenbeck, 878 A.2d 992 (R.I. 2005); State

v. Ortiz, 824 A.2d 473 (R.I. 2003); State v. Hockenhull, 525 A.2d 926 (R.I. 1987); and State v.

McVay, 47 R.I. 292, 132 A. 436 (1926).”

                                                II

                                      Standard of Review

       “Our review of a case on certiorari is limited to an examination of the record to determine

if an error of law has been committed.” DeCurtis v. Visconti, Boren & Campbell, Ltd., 152 A.3d

413, 420-21 (R.I. 2017) (quoting State v. Poulin, 66 A.3d 419, 423 (R.I. 2013)). “We do not

weigh the evidence on certiorari, but only conduct our review to examine questions of law raised

in the petition.” WMS Gaming, Inc. v. Sullivan, 6 A.3d 1104, 1111 (R.I. 2010) (quoting State v.

Greenberg, 951 A.2d 481, 489 (R.I. 2008)). “Our review of questions of law is de novo.” Id.

                                                III

                                           Discussion

       Although this Court granted the state’s petition for a writ of certiorari with direction to

the parties to address the issue of whether this Court’s opinion in Diaz “announced a new rule of

law in light of our holdings” in the cases listed above, we have determined that we need not

reach that question. After consideration of the travel of this case, we conclude that the trial

justice erred in granting defendant’s motion for a new trial by exceeding the scope of this Court’s

remand order, which we granted for the trial justice to address defendant’s motion for a new trial

based on newly discovered evidence.




                                               -4-
       Approximately two and a half years after this Court granted defendant’s motion to

remand his case, defendant filed two supplemental memoranda in Superior Court, alleging that,

in light of this Court’s opinion in Diaz, the trial justice erred in charging the jury at trial.

Specifically, defendant alleged that Diaz established a new rule of law requiring that jury

instructions for involuntary manslaughter contain reference to “criminal negligence.” The

Superior Court granted defendant’s motion for a new trial on that basis on February 29, 2016.

       Importantly, however, this Court decided Diaz on July 12, 2012—nine days after

defendant filed his notice of appeal from his judgment of conviction. As such, defendant had the

benefit of the Diaz opinion for nearly one year prior to filing his motion to remand with this

Court on June 17, 2013. It is also significant that, in his motion for remand before this Court,

defendant did not raise Diaz; indeed, he did not do so until he filed his second and third

supplemental memoranda in Superior Court, on December 22, 2015, and February 23, 2016,

more than three years after his conviction and long after Diaz was decided.

       We have previously held that “[i]t is not the role of a trial justice to attempt to read

between the lines of our decisions.” Willis v. Wall, 941 A.2d 163, 166 (R.I. 2008) (quoting

Fracassa v. Doris, 876 A.2d 506, 509 (R.I. 2005)). Instead, this Court has been clear that “lower

courts * * * that receive our remand orders may not exceed the scope of the remand or open up

the proceeding to legal issues beyond the remand.” Butterfly Realty v. James Romanella & Sons,

Inc., 93 A.3d 1022, 1031-32 (R.I. 2014) (quoting Pleasant Management LLC v. Carrasco, 960

A.2d 216, 223 (R.I. 2008)). Neither a party nor the trial court may expand the scope of this

Court’s remand to include arguments available to the party at the time of the original motion to

remand. Here, defendant filed his motion to remand for the sole purpose of seeking a new trial

based on newly discovered evidence pursuant to Rule 33. As the state articulated at the Superior




                                              -5-
Court hearing on that motion on remand, defendant’s jury instructions argument “falls outside

the four corners of the original remand order[.]” We agree and hold that, on remand, the trial

justice did not have the authority to consider defendant’s new-trial arguments based on Diaz.

       Therefore, this Court will not consider whether Diaz established a new rule of law,

although we note our grave doubt that it did. See Torres v. State, 19 A.3d 71, 75 n.7 (R.I. 2011)

(recognizing the language in Hockenhull utilizing “criminal negligence” to define involuntary

manslaughter); State v. Cacchiotti, 568 A.2d 1026, 1030 (R.I. 1990) (“This [C]ourt has long held

that the crime of involuntary manslaughter may be based upon proof that a defendant has been

guilty of gross negligence and that such gross negligence is equated with the term ‘criminal

negligence.’”) (quoting McVay, 47 R.I. at 294-96, 132 A. at 438).

                                               IV

                                           Conclusion

       For these reasons, the order of the Superior Court is quashed. This matter is remanded to

the Superior Court for the sole purpose of allowing defendant to be heard on his motion for a

new trial pertaining only to the issue of newly discovered evidence.        The matter is to be

considered and decided forthwith, and the papers shall be returned to this Court within sixty days

of this order, for expedited briefing by the parties in the appeal docketed in this Court as No.

2012-305-C.A.




                                              -6-
STATE OF RHODE ISLAND AND                                   PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS



                         SUPREME COURT – CLERK’S OFFICE

                                 OPINION COVER SHEET

Title of Case                        State v. Victor Arciliares.
                                     No. 2016-61-M.P.
Case Number
                                     (P1/10-3258AG)
Date Opinion Filed                   November 5, 2018
                                     Suttell, C.J., Goldberg, Flaherty, Robinson, and
Justices
                                     Indeglia, JJ.
Written By                           Associate Justice Gilbert V. Indeglia

Source of Appeal                     Providence County Superior Court

Judicial Officer From Lower Court    Associate Justice Robert D. Krause
                                     For State:

                                     Aaron L. Weisman
                                     Department of Attorney General
Attorney(s) on Appeal
                                     For Defendant:

                                     Lara E. Montecalvo
                                     Office of the Public Defender




SU-CMS-02A (revised June 2016)
