[Cite as State v. Oravec, 2011-Ohio-5831.]


          Court of Appeals of Ohio
                                 EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                    COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA


                            JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
                                     No. 96654



                                     STATE OF OHIO
                                             PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT

                                              vs.

                             CLIFFORD F. ORAVEC
                                             DEFENDANT-APPELLEE




                                 JUDGMENT:
                           REVERSED AND REMANDED


                                   Civil Appeal from the
                          Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                                   Case No. CR-522295

        BEFORE:            Cooney, J., Blackmon, P.J., and Stewart, J.

    RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: November 10, 2011
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
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William D. Mason
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor

By: Diane Smilanick
Assistant County Prosecutor
8th Floor, Justice Center
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113


ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE

James J. McDonnell
75 Public Square
Suite 700
Cleveland, Ohio 44113-2001




COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, J.:

       {¶ 1} Plaintiff-appellant, the state of Ohio (“State”), appeals the trial court’s sealing the

record of defendant-appellee, Clifford Oravec (“Oravec”).        Finding merit to the appeal, we

reverse.

       {¶ 2} In March 2009, Oravec was charged with felonious assault.         He pled guilty to a

lesser charge of assault, a misdemeanor, and was sentenced to 15 days in jail.          In October
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2010, Oravec filed a motion for expungement of this conviction.               The State opposed the

motion, and a hearing was held.         The trial court granted Oravec’s motion and sealed the

record.

          {¶ 3} The State now appeals, arguing in its sole assignment of error that the trial court

erred in granting Oravec’s request to seal his record.

          {¶ 4} Expungement is an act of grace created by the state.       State v. Hamilton (1996),

75 Ohio St.3d 636, 639, 665 N.E.2d 669.             The expungement provisions are remedial in

nature and must be liberally construed to promote their purposes. State ex rel. Gains v. Rossi

(1999), 86 Ohio St.3d 620, 622, 716 N.E.2d 204.          However, expungement should be granted

only when all requirements for eligibility are met. State v. Simon, 87 Ohio St.3d 531, 533,

2000-Ohio-474, 721 N.E.2d 1041, citing State v. Hamilton (1996), 75 Ohio St.3d 636, 639,

665 N.E.2d 669.       The procedures for sealing a record of conviction are set forth in specific

statutory provisions, R.C. 2953.31 through 2953.36.

          {¶ 5} R.C. 2953.32 allows a “first offender” to apply to the sentencing court for sealing

of a conviction record.     If the applicant is not a first offender, the trial court lacks jurisdiction

to grant the requested expungement.              In re White, Franklin App. No. 05AP-529,

2006-Ohio-1346, ¶5, citing In re Barnes, Franklin App. No. 05AP-355, 2005-Ohio-6891, ¶

12.   Whether an applicant is considered a first offender is an issue of law for a reviewing
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court to decide de novo. State v. Hoyles, Franklin App. No. 08AP-946, 2009-Ohio-4483, ¶

4.

       {¶ 6} R.C. 2953.31(A) defines a “first offender” as “anyone who has been convicted of

an offense in this state or any other jurisdiction and who previously or subsequently has not

been convicted of the same or a different offense in this state or any other jurisdiction.”     R.C.

2953.32(C)(2) states:

           “If the court determines * * * that the applicant is a first offender * * *, that no
       criminal proceeding is pending against the applicant, and that the interests of the
       applicant in having the records pertaining to the applicant’s conviction * * * sealed are
       not outweighed by any legitimate governmental needs to maintain those records, and
       that the rehabilitation of an applicant who is a first offender * * * has been attained to
       the satisfaction of the court, the court * * *, shall order all official records pertaining to
       the case sealed * * *.”
       {¶ 7} An applicant is not a “first offender” when he applies for expungement after

multiple convictions, even if he seeks expungement of the first conviction. In Re Overmyer

(Sept. 1, 1983), Cuyahoga App. Nos. 46383, 46384, 46385, citing State v. Mottl (Sept. 28,

1978), Cuyahoga App. No. 37649.          Thus, a defendant with a prior conviction, whether

expunged or not, is not a first offender and may not have subsequent convictions expunged.

       {¶ 8} In the instant case, the State argues that Oravec was not eligible for expungement

of this conviction due to a prior expungement for a 2002 conviction for disorderly conduct.

The State argues that since the 2002 conviction was expunged in 2005, he cannot have his

most recent conviction expunged as well.      Oravec concedes in his brief that he was convicted
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in 2002 of disorderly conduct, a fourth degree misdemeanor, and that the conviction was

expunged in 2005.      Oravec, however, argues that the state failed to produce any evidence that

his conviction was anything but a minor misdemeanor, which is not considered a previous

conviction.     R.C. 2953.31 states as follows:

          “For purposes of, and except as otherwise provided in, this division, a conviction
      for a minor misdemeanor, for a violation of any section in Chapter 4507., 4510., 4511.,
      4513., or 4549. of the Revised Code, or for a violation of a municipal ordinance that is
      substantially similar to any section in those chapters is not a previous or subsequent
      conviction.”
Oravec argues that this statute declares all minor misdemeanors do not constitute previous or

subsequent convictions.       This argument ignores the fact that, having already received an
                          1




expungement, Oravec is, therefore, not a first offender.

       {¶ 9} Oravec admitted he received a prior expungement for a prior conviction.           He

maintains that since the record of the prior conviction has been sealed, the court was unable to

determine the degree of the offense.     However, having had the conviction expunged in 2005

does not alter the fact that Oravec has a “prior conviction.”       Thus, Oravec is not a first

offender.     In turn, the trial court lacked jurisdiction to grant his motion to expunge because

the requirements for eligibility were not met.




        Oravec did not argue to the trial court that his prior conviction was a minor misdemeanor.
       1


His counsel informed the court that he had completed probation for that conviction.
                                             6

       {¶ 10} We find that the trial court erred when it granted Oravec’s motion to expunge

the 2009 conviction, because he was not a first offender under R.C. 2953.31(A), having had

another conviction previously expunged.

       {¶ 11} Accordingly, we sustain the State’s sole assignment of error.

       {¶ 12} Judgment reversed and case remanded to vacate the sealing of the record.

       It is ordered that appellant recover of said appellee costs herein taxed.

       The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the

common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.

       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to

Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.


______________________________________________
COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, JUDGE

PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, P.J., CONCURS;
MELODY J. STEWART, J., CONCURS IN JUDGMENT ONLY
