J-S34034-19


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    PAUL NOBLE                                 :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 48 WDA 2019

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered December 4, 2018
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Erie County Criminal Division at No(s):
                          CP-25-CR-0001269-2018


BEFORE:      DUBOW, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and COLINS*, J.

JUDGMENT ORDER BY COLINS, J.:                             FILED JULY 10, 2019

        Appellant, Paul Noble, appeals from the judgment of sentence of six to

twelve months of confinement followed by one year of probation, imposed

after his jury trial convictions for the use or possession with intent to use drug

paraphernalia (“drug paraphernalia”) and possession of a controlled substance

(“simple possession”).1 We affirm.

        By information filed on June 8, 2018, Appellant was charged with drug

paraphernalia and possession with intent to deliver a controlled substance

(“PWID”).2 During the final jury charge, the trial court sua sponte instructed

the jury on an additional count, simple possession.          The jury acquitted


____________________________________________


1   35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(32) and (16), respectively.
2   Id. § 750-113(a)(30).


*    Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S34034-19


Appellant of PWID but convicted him of drug paraphernalia and simple

possession. Following the denial of post-sentence motions on December 14,

2018, Appellant filed this timely direct appeal on January 4, 2019.

       Appellant presents the following issue for our review:

       Whether the trial court abused its discretion and/or committed
       reversible error where it sua sponte and over defense objection,
       instructed the jury as to a charge not included in the criminal
       complaint?

Appellant’s Brief at 3.

       Appellant’s claim that the trial court erred by sua sponte instructing the

jury on simple possession when Appellant was already charged with PWID is

contrary to our case law. In Commonwealth v. Davis, 480 A.2d 1035, 1044

(Pa. Super. 1984), the appellant was also charged with PWID,3 and the trial

court sua sponte instructed the jury on simple possession.4         In order to

establish PWID, “the Commonwealth was required to first show possession

and then that such possession was with the intent to deliver to another.” Id.

This Court thus concluded that the trial court “was not only permitted to

charge” on the “lesser charge” of simple possession,5 it “was required to” do
____________________________________________


3 Despite the age of Davis, the statutory definition of PWID has not changed
in the interim. Compare 480 A.2d at 1044 n.8, with 35 P.S. § 780-
113(a)(30) (effective April 7, 2014 to present).
4 The statutory definition of simple possession has likewise not changed.
Compare Davis, 480 A.2d at 1043-44 n.7, with 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(16)
(effective April 7, 2014 to present).
5 This Court has more recently continued to find that “the crime of simple
possession is a lesser-included offense of . . . possession with the intent to



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J-S34034-19



so. Id. at 1044 & n.9; see also Commonwealth v. Hawkins, 614 A.2d

1198, 1200 (Pa. Super. 1992) (“trial court must charge on a lesser included

offense if there is some disputed evidence concerning an element of the

greater charge or if the undisputed evidence is capable of more than one

rational inference”; in the current appeal, the disputed evidence was whether

Appellant intended to deliver drugs or possessed them for personal use).6

“Therefore, no error was committed in the court’s sua sponte addition of the

simple possession charge.” Davis, 480 A.2d at 1044. Hence, pursuant to

Davis, id. at 1044, the trial court in the current action was not only permitted

to instruct the jury sua sponte on simple possession, it was required to do so.7

       Judgment of sentence affirmed.



____________________________________________


deliver a controlled substance[.]”         Commonwealth v. DeLong, 879 A.2d
234, 237 n.2 (Pa. Super. 2005).
6 In Davis, the jury convicted the appellant of PWID, not simple possession.
480 A.2d at 1038. This Court explained, “Since the jury nonetheless convicted
appellant of the greater charge he clearly suffered no actual prejudice.” Id.
at 1044 n.9. Although, in the current case, Appellant was convicted of the
lesser charge, Appellant makes no claim of prejudice in his brief to this Court.
See Appellant’s Brief at 8-11.
7 We note that Appellant’s reliance on Commonwealth v. Fleck, 539 A.2d
1331 (Pa. Super. 1988), is misplaced, see Appellant’s Brief at 9-10, because
(1) in Fleck, the trial court sua sponte charged that the jury could find the
defendant guilty of third-degree simple assault (“SA”) if it found mutual
consent to fight, even though the defendant had only been charged with
second-degree SA, and Fleck does not concern possession and PWID; and (2)
Commonwealth v. Norley, 55 A.3d 526, 530 (Pa. Super. 2012), held Fleck
“has no continuing vitality” in light of Commonwealth v. Fedorek, 946 A.2d
93 (Pa. 2008), and Commonwealth v. Bavusa, 832 A.2d 1042 (Pa. 2003).

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J-S34034-19


Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 7/10/2019




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