[Cite as Markel v. Wright, 2013-Ohio-5274.]


                                      COURT OF APPEALS
                                  COSHOCTON COUNTY, OHIO
                                  FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT


BROOKE A. MARKEL                              :   JUDGES:
                                              :
                                              :   Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
       Plaintiff-Appellant                    :   Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J.
                                              :   Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
-vs-                                          :
                                              :   Case No. 2013CA0004
                                              :
STEPHEN L. WRIGHT AND                         :
KATHRYN E. STROUP WRIGHT
                                              :
                                              :
       Defendants-Appellees                   :   OPINION


CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                          Appeal from the Coshocton County
                                                  Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 10
                                                  CI 0696



JUDGMENT:                                         AFFIRMED




DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                           November 20, 2013




APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellant:                          For Defendants-Appellees:

DANIEL S. WHITE                                   PAUL R. SCHERBEL
34 Parmelee Drive                                 BENJAMIN E. HALL
Hudson, OH 44236                                  240 S. Fourth St., P.O. Box 880
                                                  Coshocton, OH 43812
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0004                                                  2

Delaney, J.

      {¶1} Plaintiff-Appellant Brooke A. Markel appeals from the January 10, 2013

Judgment Entry of the Coshocton County Court of Common Pleas finding in favor of

Defendants-Appellees Stephen L. Wright and Kathryn Stroup Wright on all claims.

                         FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

      {¶2} The following facts are adduced from the bench trial held on August 23,

2012 before the Coshocton County Court of Common Pleas.

      {¶3} The residence at 1555 Hay Avenue, Coshocton, Ohio is approximately 45

to 50 years old. Appellees Stephen and Kathryn Wright purchased the residence in

2000. Photos of the exterior submitted by appellees depict a well-kept, one-story, sided

home with a roofed cement front porch.

                             Appellees Deal with a Wet Basement

      {¶4} Appellees acknowledged issues with water intrusion during their time

living in the home. Portions of the basement were black with mold when they moved in,

especially the area under the cement porch. Appellees cleaned the mold with bleach,

painted it with waterproof paint, and continually ran a dehumidifier. These remedial

actions were taken in 2001; appellees testified they did not have problems with mold or

water intrusion after that. They emptied the dehumidifier frequently but were able to use

the basement for storage of clothing and other items. Appellee Mary Wright testified

she emptied the dehumidifier every 24 to 36 hours. One room in the basement is

carpeted; appellee Stephen Wright testified he sometimes slept there and stored

paperwork in the room.
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0004                                                  3


       {¶5} Between 2000 and 2009, appellees made various cosmetic improvements

to the residence. They decided to try to sell the home in 2009 because they wanted to

downsize into a single-story residence due to health issues. Realtor Sue Wright listed

the home and described its condition as “immaculate.”           She did not observe any

problems with mold or water in the basement, and she did not smell fresh paint in the

basement or notice any other efforts to conceal water issues.

                              Appellant Decides to Buy the Home

       {¶6} Appellant testified she entered the residence twice before buying it. The

first time, appellant went in with her father and they looked at the basement. The

second time, appellant looked at the residence with her mother and her realtor. The

only concern about the physical condition of the residence raised before the purchase

involved wiring in the basement.

       {¶7} A question of water intrusion did arise during the purchase process. On

June 1, 2009, appellees entered a real estate purchase contract with appellant.

Paragraph 1.2 of the contract requires “[s]eller to complete Section D, Page 2 of

Residential Property Disclosure Form to Buyer’s satisfaction.” Appellant testified this

contingency was put in the purchase agreement because she would not buy the home

until she was satisfied with the disclosure regarding water intrusion.

                             Residential Property Disclosure Forms

       {¶8} Three residential property disclosure forms exist and were entered as

exhibits by appellant at trial. Page 2, Section D of each form states, “Do you know of

any previous or current water leakage, water accumulation, excess moisture, or other

defects to the property including, but not limited to, any area below grade, basement, or
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0004                                                    4


crawl space?” The owner is to circle “Yes” or “No,” and the form further states, “If “yes,”

please describe and indicate any repairs completed.”

       {¶9} On appellant’s Exhibit A-1, Page 2, Section D is blank but starred.

Appellees did not check either “Yes” or “No.” Appellee Kathryn Wright testified this

question was marked because she wanted to ask her realtor how to best answer it

because there had once been a problem but it was now corrected. The form is initialed

by appellees and appellant.

       {¶10} The second, appellant’s Exhibit A-2, also dated March 6, 2009, states

“Moisture on One Wall – Dried, Sealed, New Pitch on Roof – No More Moisture.” This

form, too, is initialed by appellees and appellant and indeed appears identical to

appellant’s Exhibit A-1 with the exception of the water intrusion portion.

       {¶11} The third, appellant’s Exhibit A-3, is initialed by appellees only, was never

shown to appellant, and states, “Moisture Seepage on One Basement Wall – Wall Paint

Coating – Roof Pitch Change – No Water Since.”

       {¶12} Appellant testified the language requiring appellees to answer the

question about water intrusion was stricken from the purchase agreement because

appellees answered the question to her satisfaction. Appellant acknowledged she was

advised by appellees there was moisture in the basement. She also acknowledged she

did not have the home inspected although she was encouraged to do so.

                      Appellant Develops Problems with a Wet Basement

       {¶13} Appellant acknowledged appellees left the dehumidifier in the basement

for her use, but she only emptied it once every couple of months. Appellant testified
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0004                                                  5


she began to notice water in the basement in the late spring and early summer of 2009.

The water problem continued to get worse and existed for approximately three months.

       {¶14} Appellant hired Everdry Waterproofing and paid them $16,500 to

waterproof the basement. She selected Everdry because they were working on her

father-in-law’s house and offered to look at her basement as well. The basement is now

dry.

       {¶15} Appellant did not present expert testimony at trial.

       {¶16} James Deam of B-Dry System of Zanesville testified as an expert witness

on behalf of appellees.      Deam testified the water problem was caused by a

disconnected downspout and downspouts discharging too close to the foundation of the

home. In his opinion, the water in the basement could have been resolved with proper

grading and use of a dehumidifier.      Otherwise, in his opinion, the work to dry the

basement should have totaled approximately $8000.

       {¶17} A beam under the porch was discussed at trial. Appellee Stephen Wright

testified he had covered the beam with wood because it had sustained termite damage

at some point. Appellant paid Husle Brothers Concrete Construction $1200 to replace

the beam.

       {¶18} Appellant filed a complaint alleging fraudulent inducement, fraud, and

mutual mistake of fact. Appellees answered, discovery was exchanged, and a bench

trial was held on August 23, 2012. The parties submitted proposed findings of fact and

conclusions of law. On January 10, 2013, the trial court ruled in appellees’ favor on all

claims.
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0004                                                   6


        {¶19} Appellant now appeals from the January 10, 2013 Judgment Entry of the

trial court.

        {¶20} Appellant raises one assignment of error:

                               ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

        {¶21} “I. THE TRIAL COURT’S DECISION IN FAVOR OF APPELLEES

STEVEN L. AND KATHRYN S. WRIGHT IS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF

THE EVIDENCE AND CONSTITUTES REVERSABLE (sic) ERROR.”

                                       ANALYSIS

        {¶22} Appellant argues the decision of the trial court in favor of appellees was

against the manifest weight of the evidence. We disagree.

        {¶23} We note appellant cites to a number of wet-basement cases involving the

standard for summary judgment. This case, however, was not decided upon summary

judgment; the trial court conducted a bench trial. As an appellate court, we are not fact

finders; we neither weigh the evidence nor judge the credibility of witnesses. Our role is

to determine whether there is relevant, competent, and credible evidence upon which

the fact finder could base his or her judgment. Peterson v. Peterson, 5th Dist. No.

CT2003–0049, 2004–Ohio–4714, ¶ 10, citing Cross Truck v. Jeffries, 5th Dist. No. CA–

5758, 1982 WL 2911 (Feb. 10, 1982). Questions of law are reviewed by the court de

novo. Erie Ins. Co. v. Paradise, 5th Dist. No.2008CA00084, 2009–Ohio–4005, ¶ 12.

        {¶24} In Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio St.3d 328, 2012–Ohio–2179, 972 N.E.2d

517, the Ohio Supreme Court clarified the standard of review appellate courts should

apply when assessing the manifest weight of the evidence in a civil case. SST Bearing

Corp. v. Twin City Fan Companies, Ltd., 1st Dist. No. C110611, 2012–Ohio–2490, ¶ 16.
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0004                                                    7


The Ohio Supreme Court held the standard of review for manifest weight of the

evidence for criminal cases stated in State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 678

N.E.2d 541 (1997), is also applicable in civil cases. Eastley, at ¶ 17–19. A reviewing

court is to examine the entire record, weigh the evidence and all reasonable inferences,

consider the credibility of witnesses, and determine “whether in resolving conflicts in the

evidence, the finder of fact clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage

of justice that the judgment must be reversed and a new trial ordered.” Eastley, at ¶ 20

quoting Twearson v. Simon, 141 Ohio App.3d 103, 115, 750 N.E.2d 176 (9th Dist.2001);

See also Sheet Metal Workers Local Union No. 33 v. Sutton, 5th Dist No. 2011

CA00262, 2012–Ohio–3549 citing State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175, 485 N.E.2d

717 (1st Dist.1983).“In a civil case, in which the burden of persuasion is only by a

preponderance of the evidence, rather than beyond a reasonable doubt, evidence must

still exist on each element (sufficiency) and the evidence on each element must satisfy

the burden of persuasion (weight).” Eastley, at ¶ 19.

                No Evidence Exists Appellees Concealed Wet Basement Issue

       {¶25} First, appellant argues judgment should have been rendered in her favor

on her fraud claim. We disagree. To prove a claim of fraud, a plaintiff must establish

the following elements: (1) a representation or, where there is a duty to disclose,

concealment of a fact, (2) which is material to the transaction at hand, (2) made falsely,

with knowledge of its falsity, or with such utter disregard and recklessness as to whether

it is true or false that knowledge may be inferred, (4) with the intent of misleading

another into relying upon it, (5) justifiable reliance upon the representation or

concealment, and (6) a resulting injury proximately caused by the reliance. Burr v. Stark
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0004                                                    8

County Board of Commissioners, 23 Ohio St.3d 69, 491 N.E.2d 1101 (1986), paragraph

two of the syllabus.

       {¶26} The elements of fraud must be established by clear and convincing

evidence. Clear and convincing evidence is that measure or degree of proof that will

produce in the mind of the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the allegations

sought to be established. Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d 118 (1954).

The burden to prove fraud rests upon the party alleging the fraud. First Discount Corp.

v. Daken, 75 Ohio App. 33, 60 N.E.2d 711 (1st Dist.1944), paragraph seven of the

syllabus.

       {¶27} We find the judgment of the trial court to be supported by competent and

credible evidence. The Ohio Supreme Court held, “[I]n determining whether the

judgment below is manifestly against the weight of the evidence, every reasonable

intendment and every reasonable presumption must be made in favor of the judgment

and the finding of facts.” Eastley, supra, 132 Ohio St.3d at 334. The court below found

“[t]here was no convincing evidence that the [appellees] attempted to hide or cover up a

wet basement problem,” and we concur. The evidence in the record shows, simply,

appellees experienced a wet basement, cleaned it up, and acknowledged the issue in

the disclosure forms.    Appellees were able to keep the basement dry and livable

emptying the dehumidifier frequently; appellant emptied it infrequently. Moreover, the

only expert testimony in the record established the source of appellant’s water intrusion

was the disconnected downspout and downspouts discharging too close to the

foundation, combined with emptying the dehumidifier too infrequently. These issues

could have been remedied short of the basement waterproofing process.
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0004                                                   9

                           No Application of Mutual Mistake of Fact

       {¶28} Further, appellant argues judgment should have been rendered in her

favor on her claim for mutual mistake of fact. In Reilley v. Richards, the Ohio Supreme

Court noted the doctrine of mutual mistake entitles a buyer to rescission of a real estate

purchase contract where there is a mutual mistake as to a material part of the contract

and where the complaining party is not negligent in failing to discover the mistake. 69

Ohio St.3d 352, 352-353, 1994-Ohio-528, 632 N.E.2d 507 (1994). A mistake is material

to a contract when it is “a mistake * * * as to a basic assumption on which the contract

was made [that] has a material effect on the agreed exchange of performances.” Id.,

citing 1 Restatement of the Law 2d, Contracts (1981) 385, Mistake, Section 152(1).

Further, “the intention of the parties must have been frustrated by the mutual mistake.”

Id.

       {¶29} In Manns v. Wright, we rejected the application of the doctrine of mutual

mistake to a wet basement case such as this one, noting “[a]ppellants had knowledge of

the issues and rejected their importance for the completion of the sale,” impugning

negligence on the part of the buyer and negating mutual mistake. 5th Dist. Richland

No. 09CA133, 2010-Ohio-4281, ¶        32.   Similarly in this case, the answers on the

disclosure form could have, or should have, raised the possibility with appellant that

water had been an issue in the basement. The purchase agreement encouraged the

buyer to have the home inspected but appellant chose not to do so. Appellee left a

dehumidifier in the basement and told her “it was there for a reason.” We find no basis

to determine a mutual mistake of fact occurred in this case.

       {¶30} Appellant’s two assignments of error are overruled.
Coshocton County, Case No. 2013CA0004                                  10


                               CONCLUSION

       {¶31} The judgment of the Coshocton County Court of Common Pleas is

affirmed.

By: Delaney, J. and

Gwin, P.J.

Farmer, J., concur.



                                  HON. PATRICIA A. DELANEY




                                  HON. W. SCOTT GWIN



                                  HON. SHEILA G. FARMER
