           Case: 19-12428   Date Filed: 06/25/2020    Page: 1 of 5



                                                     [DO NOT PUBLISH]

            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                    FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                      ________________________

                            No. 19-12428
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

                  D.C. Docket Nos. 4:18-cv-00272-SCJ,
                          4:19-cv-00006-SCJ


RANDY EDWARDS,

                                                           Petitioner-Appellant,

versus

STATE OF GEORGIA,
GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,
COMMISSIONER, GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,

                                                       Respondents-Appellees.

                      ________________________

               Appeal from the United States District Court
                  for the Northern District of Georgia
                     ________________________

                             (June 25, 2020)

Before ROSENBAUM, GRANT and MARCUS, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
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      Randy Edwards appeals the district court’s denial of his pro se 28 U.S.C. §

2254 petition as successive and as raising claims that are not cognizable in a § 2254

petition. On appeal, Edwards argues that his convictions and sentences are void

because the state court judge abused his authority by failing to comply with the

canons of judicial conduct and rules regarding recusal and conflicts of interest. After

thorough review, we affirm.

      We review de novo a district court’s dismissal of a 28 U.S.C. § 2254 petition

as successive. Patterson v. Sec’y, Fla. Dep’t of Corr., 849 F.3d 1321, 1324 (11th

Cir. 2017). An inmate convicted and sentenced under state law may seek federal

relief under two primary avenues: (1) a petition for habeas corpus under § 2254 and

(2) a complaint under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Hutcherson v. Riley, 468 F.3d 750, 754

(11th Cir. 2006). These two options “are mutually exclusive.” Id. Thus, “if a claim

can be properly raised in one of those proceedings[,] it cannot be raised in the other

type of proceeding.” Valle v. Sec’y, Fla. Dept. of Corr., 654 F.3d 1266, 1267 (11th

Cir. 2011) (holding that the petitioner’s constitutional claims about clemency

procedures are collateral to his conviction and sentence and, thus, are not cognizable

in a § 2254 proceeding and may only be brought under § 1983).

      The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 provides that,

before a petitioner may file a second or successive habeas petition, he first must

obtain an order from the court of appeals authorizing the district court to consider


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the petition. 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b)(3)(A). Without authorization, the district court

lacks jurisdiction to consider a second or successive habeas petition. Lambrix v.

Sec’y, Dep’t of Corr., 872 F.3d 1170, 1180 (11th Cir. 2017). However, the term

“second or successive” is not “self-defining” and does not necessarily “refer to all

habeas applications filed second or successively in time.” Stewart v. United States,

646 F.3d 856, 859 (11th Cir. 2011). “[W]hen a petitioner raises a claim that could

not have been raised in a prior habeas petition, courts have forgone a literal reading

of ‘second or successive.’” Id. at 860. Further, where a petitioner seeks to challenge

a different judgment than was challenged in the first § 2254 application, the

application will not be deemed second or successive. Magwood v. Patterson, 561

U.S. 320, 332-34 (2010). “A habeas petition filed in the district court after an initial

habeas petition was unadjudicated on its merits and dismissed for failure to exhaust

state remedies is not a second or successive petition.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S.

473, 485-86 (2000).

      AEDPA further requires that an application for federal habeas review of a

state court judgment of conviction be filed within one year of the latest of the

following dates including, in relevant part, “the date on which the judgment became

final by the conclusion of direct review or the expiration of the time for seeking such

review.” 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1). Statutory tolling applies when “a properly filed




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application for State post-conviction or other collateral review with respect to the

pertinent judgment or claim is pending.” 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2).

      Here, the district court did not err in finding that Edwards’s petition

challenging his three guilty-plea convictions amounted to an unauthorized

successive petition. Edwards’s petition dealt with the same convictions he had

attacked in a prior § 2254 petition, his prior petition was dismissed as untimely, and

he has not obtained authorization to file a successive petition. Thus, the district court

properly concluded that Edwards’s § 2254 petition concerning his three guilty-plea

convictions was an unauthorized successive petition. See 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b).

      Next, while the district court erred in finding that Edwards had filed an

unauthorized successive petition concerning his two jury-trial convictions -- that

prior petition was dismissed as unexhausted, which is insufficient to qualify as an

adjudication on the merits, see Slack, 529 U.S. at 485-86 -- this error was harmless.

For starters, Edwards does not argue that the district court erred in dismissing his

challenge to his jury-trial convictions by erroneously concluding that unexhausted

claims are not denied on the merits. Moreover, any § 2254 petition disputing his

jury-trial convictions would now be time-barred. After the Georgia state court

resolved his claims, Edwards waited roughly three years to file the instant petition

for federal relief as to his jury-trial convictions, with no explanation to excuse his

delay in filing or to demonstrate that he was entitled to equitable tolling. See


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Edwards v. Sprayberry, No. 16-V-040 (Calhoun Super. Ct. Oct. 20, 2017). Because

his claims are time-barred, we cannot offer him any relief.

       Finally, as for Edwards’s claims that the Parole Board unconstitutionally

denied him parole, the district court did not err in denying these claims. As we held

in Valle, a petitioner’s constitutional claims about clemency procedures are

collateral to his convictions and sentences and, therefore, cannot be brought in a §

2254 petition. Valle, 654 F.3d at 1267; see also Hutcherson, 468 F.3d at 754.

Because the district court did not err in denying Edwards’s Parole Board claims as

not cognizable in a § 2254 petition, we need not address whether Edwards should

have been barred from pursuing his claims under 28 U.S.C. § 1915 or whether his

underlying constitutional claims held merit. Accordingly, we affirm the district

court’s denial of Edwards’s § 2254 petition. 1

       AFFIRMED.




       1
         As for Edwards’s post-briefing motion for this Court to answer whether the state court
judge was required under the Constitution to recuse himself from Edwards’s state court cases, it is
DENIED. Because, as we’ve held, Edwards is barred under AEDPA from raising these claims in
successive petitions or in petitions filed outside the one-year statute of limitations, he cannot
circumvent AEDPA by seeking review of the merits of these claims in this Court.
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