                                                                                         02/28/2019
        IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                          AT JACKSON
                        Assigned on Briefs December 18, 2018

      STATE OF TENNESSEE v. ROBERT ANTWAN MCELMURRY

                   Appeal from the Circuit Court for Dyer County
                    No. 14-CR-106      R. Lee Moore, Jr., Judge
                     ___________________________________

                           No. W2018-00360-CCA-R3-CD
                       ___________________________________


The Defendant, Robert Antwan McElmurry, was convicted by a Dyer County Circuit
Court jury of aggravated statutory rape, a Class D felony, and was sentenced to eight
years in the Department of Correction. On appeal, he argues that the evidence is
insufficient to sustain his conviction. After review, we affirm the judgment of the trial
court.

  Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

ALAN E. GLENN, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which NORMA MCGEE OGLE
and D. KELLY THOMAS, JR., JJ., joined.

James E. Lanier, District Public Defender; Sean P. Day, Assistant Public Defender,
Dyersburg, Tennessee, (on appeal); and Milly Worley, Dyersburg, Tennessee, (at trial),
for the appellant, Robert Antwan McElmurry.

Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Renee W. Turner, Senior Assistant
Attorney General; Danny Goodman, Jr., District Attorney General; and Karen Burns,
Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.


                                       OPINION

                                         FACTS

       The Defendant, who was 33 years old at the time of trial, was indicted and
convicted of aggravated statutory rape arising out of his sexual involvement with the
victim, who was 16 years his junior. The evidence presented at his April 20, 2017, trial is
recounted below.
                                       State’s Proof

       Betty Hicks, the records clerk at the Dyer County Jail, testified that the
Defendant’s date of birth was June 26, 1984, and that he would be 34 years old on his
next birthday.

       Officer Vella Denny of the Dyersburg Police Department testified that she was
asked to interview the 13-year-old victim in March 2014. She met with the victim and
the victim’s mother regarding an alleged rape. Officer Denny said that the victim was
shy, and it was not easy to interview her. The victim identified the Defendant as the
suspect during the interview.

        The victim testified that she was born on August 17, 2000. At the time of the
incident, she was 13 years old and in the sixth or seventh grade. The victim had
previously met the Defendant at her sister’s apartment. The victim said that she visited
her sister’s apartment every other weekend.

        The victim testified that she spent the night at her sister’s apartment on February
14, 2014. The Defendant was also there that night. The victim said that whenever she
spent the night with her sister, she slept on the floor, and her sister slept in her upstairs
bedroom. The victim recalled that she fell asleep at some point, but she woke up when
the Defendant “got on top of [her].” She said that the Defendant got on top of her, pulled
her pants down, and “put his private part inside of [hers].” She did not tell him to stop
because she did not know what to say. After the Defendant finished, he told her not to
tell anyone. The victim stated that she had never had sexual intercourse before this time.

       The victim testified that she did not tell anyone what the Defendant had done until
sometime later when she was watching a television show with her mother about a rape,
and she told her mother what the Defendant had done to her. She and her mother went to
the police department and spoke with a female officer.

       On cross-examination, the victim testified that she was diagnosed with three
sexually transmitted diseases (“STDs”), which she contracted from the Defendant. On
redirect, she recalled that she saw a doctor on March 25, 2014, which was about six
weeks after the incident with the Defendant. She maintained that she had never had
sexual contact or intercourse with anyone before the encounter with the Defendant.

      The victim’s older sister testified that the victim spent the night at her apartment
on February 14, 2014. She recalled that the victim fell asleep on the floor in the living
room between 8:00 and 10:00 p.m. During the course of the evening, people were
coming and going from her apartment, including her boyfriend, her brother, and the
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Defendant. The Defendant came to her apartment around 8:30 or 9:00 p.m. The victim’s
sister explained that the Defendant’s girlfriend lived two apartments down and that he
was often in the area. She said that the Defendant sometimes came to her apartment
because he knew her other sister’s boyfriend.

       The victim’s sister testified that on the night of the incident, the Defendant came
to her apartment and said that the police were following him. He said that he needed to
sober up, and his girlfriend would not allow him in her apartment because they had been
arguing. The Defendant’s speech was slurred, and he was wobbly. He was carrying a
water bottle containing vodka. When the victim’s sister went upstairs to bed, the victim
was on the floor in the living room, and the victim’s sister’s brother and the Defendant
were sitting on the couch.

       The victim’s sister testified that she later learned from her mother what had
happened to the victim that night. Her mother asked her to call the Defendant and put
him on a three-way call. When the Defendant answered the phone, she asked him if he
had raped the victim. The Defendant responded, “My dick is big and she is small.” He
did not deny raping or having sex with the victim.

       The victim’s mother testified that she noticed a change in the victim’s demeanor in
February or March of 2014. Sometime in March 2014, she and the victim were watching
a crime drama on television, and the episode was about a young girl who had been raped.
The victim started crying, and the victim’s mother asked her what was wrong. The
victim replied that nothing was wrong, and the victim’s mother asked, “Has somebody
messed with you?” The victim shook her head affirmatively and then told her mother
what the Defendant had done to her.

       The victim’s mother testified that she called the victim’s sister and asked that she
make a three-way call to the Defendant. The victim’s mother asked the Defendant,
“What did you do to my daughter?” The Defendant told her, “Ma’am, the only thing I
can tell you is I got a big . . . dick. She’s small.” The Defendant never denied having sex
with the victim. After that phone call, the Defendant repeatedly called her asking that she
not call the police. The victim’s mother, however, took the victim to the police station
for an interview and thereafter for a physical examination. The victim’s mother said that
the victim was diagnosed with STDs and treated with medication.

                                   Defendant’s Proof

       The Defendant testified the he and the victim’s sister previously had a sexual
relationship. On the night in question, he went to the victim’s sister’s apartment because
she called and asked him to stop by and check on her sisters. He did not recall the victim
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making a pallet on which to sleep on the floor, and he denied that he got on top of her,
removed her clothes, or touched her inappropriately. He also did not recall what time he
left the victim’s sister’s apartment on the night in question. With regard to the three-way
call that took place between himself and the victim’s mother and sister, the Defendant
said that he specifically told them that he did not have sex with the victim and denied
making any remarks about being large and the victim being small.

       The Defendant testified that he was tested for STDs in December 2014, and the
results were negative for chlamydia and gonorrhea. When asked whether he had ever
been treated for any kind of STD, the Defendant answered, “Not during that time frame,
no.” However, he was treated for a urinary tract infection in the first part of 2014, but
that had nothing to do with an STD. The Defendant again maintained that he did not
touch the victim in an inappropriate manner or have sex with her.

       On cross-examination, the Defendant conceded that he was tested for STDs ten
months after the night in question. He denied receiving treatment for any STD during the
time period between the alleged offense and when he was tested 10 months later.
However, he admitted to taking an antibiotic for a toothache in July 2014. He also
recalled that the urinary tract infection for which he was treated was in February 2014.

       Shari Tidwell, a nurse practitioner, performs medical treatments at the Dyer
County Jail. Nurse Tidwell stated that Keflex was not used for the treatment of
chlamydia; Doxycycline and Zithromax were the drugs typically used to treat it. She said
that Septra, Bactrim, and Rocephin were likely choices for treating a urinary tract
infection, and those are “not protocol treatment for chlamydia.” She had never read
anything that indicated any of the drugs the Defendant was prescribed would have an
effect on chlamydia, and she did not see anything in her notes where the Defendant was
prescribed something that would typically be used to treat it.

       On cross-examination, Nurse Tidwell admitted that chlamydia is a bacterial
infection, and Keflex is an antibiotic. She also admitted that urinary tract infections are
normally treated with antibiotics. She acknowledged that antibiotics other than the
protocol drugs she mentioned can cure chlamydia, and she did not know whether any of
the drugs the Defendant was prescribed might have the incidental effect of doing so.

      Following the conclusion of the proof, the jury convicted the Defendant as
charged of aggravated statutory rape.

                                       ANALYSIS



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       The Defendant challenges the sufficiency of the convicting evidence, arguing that
he could not be guilty of aggravated statutory rape because “[t]he evidence is . . .
undisputed that [he] did not have a sexually transmitted disease[,] . . . [and] [t]he
evidence is also undisputed that [the victim] had multiple sexually transmitted diseases,
such as chlamydia.”

        When the sufficiency of the evidence is challenged, the relevant question of the
reviewing court is “whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the
prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime
beyond a reasonable doubt.” Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979); see also
Tenn. R. App. P. 13(e) (“Findings of guilt in criminal actions whether by the trial court or
jury shall be set aside if the evidence is insufficient to support the findings by the trier of
fact of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.”); State v. Evans, 838 S.W.2d 185, 190-92
(Tenn. 1992); State v. Anderson, 835 S.W.2d 600, 604 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1992). All
questions involving the credibility of witnesses, the weight and value to be given the
evidence, and all factual issues are resolved by the trier of fact. See State v. Pappas, 754
S.W.2d 620, 623 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1987). “A guilty verdict by the jury, approved by
the trial judge, accredits the testimony of the witnesses for the State and resolves all
conflicts in favor of the theory of the State.” State v. Grace, 493 S.W.2d 474, 476 (Tenn.
1973). Our supreme court has stated the rationale for this rule:

       This well-settled rule rests on a sound foundation. The trial judge and the
       jury see the witnesses face to face, hear their testimony and observe their
       demeanor on the stand. Thus the trial judge and jury are the primary
       instrumentality of justice to determine the weight and credibility to be
       given to the testimony of witnesses. In the trial forum alone is there human
       atmosphere and the totality of the evidence cannot be reproduced with a
       written record in this Court.

Bolin v. State, 405 S.W.2d 768, 771 (Tenn. 1966) (citing Carroll v. State, 370 S.W.2d
523 (1963)). “A jury conviction removes the presumption of innocence with which a
defendant is initially cloaked and replaces it with one of guilt, so that on appeal a
convicted defendant has the burden of demonstrating that the evidence is insufficient.”
State v. Tuggle, 639 S.W.2d 913, 914 (Tenn. 1982).

       Guilt may be found beyond a reasonable doubt where there is direct evidence,
circumstantial evidence, or a combination of the two. State v. Matthews, 805 S.W.2d
776, 779 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1990) (citing State v. Brown, 551 S.W.2d 329, 331 (Tenn.
1977); Farmer v. State, 343 S.W.2d 895, 897 (Tenn. 1961)). The standard of review for
sufficiency of the evidence “‘is the same whether the conviction is based upon direct or
circumstantial evidence.’” State v. Dorantes, 331 S.W.3d 370, 379 (Tenn. 2011) (quoting
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State v. Hanson, 279 S.W.3d 265, 275 (Tenn. 2009)). The jury as the trier of fact must
evaluate the credibility of the witnesses, determine the weight given to witnesses’
testimony, and reconcile all conflicts in the evidence. State v. Campbell, 245 S.W.3d
331, 335 (Tenn. 2008) (citing Byrge v. State, 575 S.W.2d 292, 295 (Tenn. Crim. App.
1978)). Moreover, the jury determines the weight to be given to circumstantial evidence
and the inferences to be drawn from this evidence, and the extent to which the
circumstances are consistent with guilt and inconsistent with innocence are questions
primarily for the jury. Dorantes, 331 S.W.3d at 379 (citing State v. Rice, 184 S.W.3d
646, 662 (Tenn. 2006)). This court, when considering the sufficiency of the evidence,
shall not reweigh the evidence or substitute its inferences for those drawn by the trier of
fact. Id.

        Aggravated statutory rape is “the unlawful sexual penetration of a victim by the
defendant, or of the defendant by the victim when the victim is at least thirteen (13) but
less than eighteen (18) years of age and the defendant is at least ten (10) years older than
the victim.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-506(c). “Sexual penetration” is defined as “sexual
intercourse, cunnilingus, fellatio, anal intercourse, or any other intrusion, however slight,
of any part of a person’s body or of any object into the genital or anal openings of the
victim’s, the defendant’s, or any other person’s body, but emission of semen is not
required[.]” Id. § 39-13-501(7).

       In the light most favorable to the State, the evidence shows that the 29-year-old
Defendant got on top of the 13-year-old victim while she was asleep on the living room
floor in her sister’s apartment, pulled her pants down, and “put his private part inside of
[hers].” After penetrating the victim, the Defendant told her not to tell anyone. The
testimony at trial showed that the victim’s demeanor changed after the incident with the
Defendant, and upon watching a television show in which a young girl was raped, the
victim became upset and told her mother what the Defendant had done to her. When
confronted by the victim’s mother and sister, the Defendant said, “I got a big dick. She’s
small” but did not deny that he had raped her. From this evidence, a rational trier of fact
could find that the Defendant sexually penetrated the victim and that the victim was
between the ages of 13 and 18, and the Defendant was 10 years older.

       The Defendant contends that he could not be guilty of aggravated statutory rape
because the victim was diagnosed with an STD and testing revealed that he did not have
one. However, the evidence indicated that the Defendant was not tested for an STD until
10 months after the incident and had taken various medications during the interim that
could have had the incidental effect of curing an STD. Moreover, our supreme court has
concluded that the testimony of a child victim, alone, is sufficient to sustain a
conviction.” State v. Elkins, 102 S.W.3d 578, 582-83 (Tenn. 2003). Any doubts
regarding the victim’s testimony or other discrepancies in the proof were resolved by the
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jury as the trier of fact. There is sufficient evidence to support the Defendant’s
conviction for aggravated statutory rape.

                                   CONCLUSION

        Based on the foregoing authorities and reasoning, we affirm the judgment of the
trial court.




                                           ____________________________________
                                           ALAN E. GLENN, JUDGE




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