[Cite as In re C.E., 2016-Ohio-1501.]


                                        COURT OF APPEALS
                                       KNOX COUNTY, OHIO
                                    FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT


IN THE MATTER OF C.E.                        :       JUDGES:
                                             :       Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J.
                                             :       Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
                                             :       Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
                                             :
                                             :
                                             :       Case No. 15CA20
                                             :
                                             :       OPINION



CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                             Appeal from the Knox County Court
                                                     of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division,
                                                     Case No. 213-2046



JUDGMENT:                                            Affirmed



DATE OF JUDGMENT:                                    April 8, 2016




APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee                               For Defendant-Appellant S.J.

KNOX COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF                            CHRISTIN I. REIHELD
JOB AND FAMILY SERVICES                              P.O. Box 532
TONIA R. PEVER                                       Danville, Ohio 43014
117 E. High Street, 3rd Fl.
Mount Vernon, Ohio 43050
Knox County, Case No. 15CA20                                                               2

Baldwin, J.

       {¶1}   Appellant S.J. appeals a judgment of the Knox County Common Pleas

Court, Juvenile Division, terminating her parental rights, and awarding permanent custody

of her son C.E. (D.O.B. 11/7/2009) to appellee Knox County Department of Job and

Family Services (KCDJFS).

                              STATEMENT OF FACTS AND CASE

       {¶2}   On July 3, 2013, appellant was found unresponsive in the restroom of a

McDonald’s restaurant. Her two sons, C.E. and J.E., were taken into the custody of

appellee the same day. The children were placed in the temporary custody of appellee

on September 24, 2013.

       {¶3}   Appellant’s case plan required her to engage in drug treatment and submit

drug screens through the Freedom Center, obtain and maintain stable housing, and

participate in mental health counseling.

       {¶4}   Until December of 2013, appellant made good progress on the case plan.

However, On December 11, 2013, she was arrested. After she met a man named Scott

Reynolds, who had a criminal history and was involved with drugs, her addiction to heroin

spiraled out of control. While appellant initially visited the boys twice a week, by February

of 2014 visits were decreased to once a week, with an additional Friday visit if she

provided a clean drug screen. Appellant never provided a clean screen for the Friday

visits. At visits, appellant would tell the children that they would be coming home, but she

failed to follow through with drug treatment.   During the pendency of the case, appellant

lived in five different places, was homeless for a period of twelve months, and was

arrested four times.
Knox County, Case No. 15CA20                                                                                      3


        {¶5}     The boys were diagnosed with a “not otherwise specified” emotional

disorder that was trauma based. They would act out in angry and aggressive ways

because it was difficult for them to understand what was happening in their lives. They

would make progress, but would regress when appellant missed calls or visits. Although

the boys loved their mother, they were doing well in foster care and the son and daughter-

in-law of the foster family, who lived in the foster home with the boys, wanted to adopt

them. Throughout the case, the boys expressed conflicting desires as to whether they

wanted to live with their mother or stay in the foster home.

        {¶6}     Appellant entered residential treatment at Cambridge Behavioral Health in

March of 2015, and was discharged on April 9, 2015. However, by April 21, 2015, she

was once again homeless. She failed to appear for a scheduled family meeting on May

21, 2015, and the probation officer notified appellant’s caseworker that she had tested

positive for drugs. The guardian ad litem filed a motion for permanent custody on May

22, 2015.

        {¶7}     After Scott Reynolds went to prison in July of 2015, appellant began to

improve with regards to sobriety and her mental health. She secured an appropriate

apartment. The court conducted a two day hearing on the permanent custody motion on

August 31, 2015, and September 24, 2015.1 Although she had a positive drug screen on

August 31, 2015, and was involved in an incident with law enforcement on September 2,

2015, she was more stable at the time of the permanent custody hearing than she had

been throughout the pendency of the case.


        1
           The recording of the second day of the trial could not be located. In lieu of a transcript of the second
day of the hearing, the parties have submitted an App. R. 9(C) statement of the evidence, and a judgment entry of
the court regarding the evidence from the second day of trial. The parties stipulated that the two statements
complement each other and should be used as the official record of the second day of the proceedings.
Knox County, Case No. 15CA20                                                            4


       {¶8}   The court granted the motion for permanent custody, finding that the

children had been in the custody of appellee for more than twelve months of a consecutive

twenty-two month period. The court further found that while it was clear that appellant

loved her children and her children loved her, permanent custody was in the best interest

of the boys, as they needed stability and permanency which appellant had been unable

to provide.

       {¶9}   Appellant assigns two errors on appeal:

       {¶10} “I.   THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY FAILING TO APPOINT SEPARATE

COUNSEL FOR THE CHILDREN WHERE THERE WAS EVIDENCE OF A CONFLICT

OF INTEREST BETWEEN THE CHILDREN’S WISHES AND THE RECOMMENDATION

OF THE GUARDIAN AD LITEM.

       {¶11} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY GRANTING THE

STATE PERMANENT CUSTODY OF BOTH CHILDREN.”

                                               I.

       {¶12} Appellant argues that because C.E. wanted to live with his mother and the

guardian ad litem recommended permanent custody, a conflict of interest existed that

required the appointment of independent counsel to represent C.E.

       {¶13} In In re Williams, 101 Ohio St.3d 398, 805 N.E.2d 1110, 2004–Ohio–1500,

the Ohio Supreme Court held that a child who is the subject of a juvenile court proceeding

to terminate parental rights is a party to that proceeding and is entitled to independent

counsel under certain circumstances. “[C]ourts should make a determination, on a case-

by-case basis, whether the child actually needs independent counsel, taking into account
Knox County, Case No. 15CA20                                                                5


the maturity of the child and the possibility of the child's guardian ad litem being appointed

to represent the child.” Id. at ¶ 17.

       {¶14} The Williams court did not explain what circumstances might trigger the

juvenile court's duty to appoint counsel. See, In re A. T., 9th Dist. No. 23065, 2006–Ohio–

3919 at ¶ 57; In re Wylie, 2d Dist. No.2004CA0054, 2004–Ohio–7243, at ¶ 70. In Williams,

the child whose custody was at issue was four years of age at the time he was initially

placed in the temporary custody of the child protective agency. Williams at ¶ 2. He was

subsequently returned to his mother, removed again, and was six years of age at the time

the permanent custody hearing was conducted. Id. at ¶ 4. The child was represented by

a guardian ad litem, who was an attorney, but was not appointed to represent the child in

a dual capacity. In re Williams, 11th Dist. Nos.2002–G2454, 2002–G–2459, 2002–Ohio–

6588, at ¶ 20. The child was said to have “repeatedly expressed a desire to remain with

his mother,” and the guardian ad litem recommended that permanent custody be granted

to the agency. Williams, 2004–Ohio–1500, at ¶ 5.

       {¶15} The appeals court in Williams emphasized that the child expressed his wish

for reunification “often,” “consistently,” and “repeatedly.” Williams, 2002–Ohio–6588, at ¶

17, ¶ 20, and ¶ 9. He “often did not want to let appellant out of his sight.” Id. at ¶ 9.

Significantly, the appellate court recognized that “there is no need to consider the

appointment of counsel based upon a child's occasional expression of a wish to be with

a parent or because of a statement made by an immature child.” (Emphasis added.)

Williams, 2002–Ohio–6588, at ¶ 24; In re A. T., supra.

       {¶16} In the instant case, C.E. was five years old and in kindergarten at the time

of the permanent custody hearing. The guardian ad litem testified that he wanted to go
Knox County, Case No. 15CA20                                                           6


home to live with his mother. When specifically asked if there was a conflict between his

recommendation and the boys’ wishes, the guardian responded that what is best for the

children might conflict with the children’s wishes. The children had expressed to the

caseworker that they would like to stay in the foster home, and expressed to their foster

mother that they would like to be adopted. Further, the court interviewed the children in

camera regarding their wishes. Based on the record before this Court, the evidence does

not reflect a conflict of interest between C.E. and the guardian ad litem.   C.E. did not

consistently and repeatedly express a desire for reunification such that the appointment

of independent counsel was required.

       {¶17} The first assignment of error is overruled.

                                               II.

       {¶18} Appellant argues that the court erred in granting the motion for permanent

custody because the evidence did not support a finding that permanent custody was in

the best interest of C.E.

       {¶19} A trial court's decision to grant permanent custody of a child must be

supported by clear and convincing evidence. The Ohio Supreme Court has defined “clear

and convincing evidence” as “[t]he measure or degree of proof that will produce in the

mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the allegations sought to be

established. It is intermediate, being more than a mere preponderance, but not to the

extent of such certainty, as required beyond a reasonable doubt, as in criminal cases.”

Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d 118 (1954); In re: Adoption of Holcomb,

18 Ohio St.3d 361, 481 N.E.2d 613 (1985).
Knox County, Case No. 15CA20                                                                   7


       {¶20} In reviewing whether the trial court based its decision upon clear and

convincing evidence, “a reviewing court will examine the record to determine whether the

trier of facts had sufficient evidence before it to satisfy the requisite degree of proof.” State

v. Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d 71, 74, 564 N.E.2d 54, 60 (1990); See also, C.E. Morris Co. v.

Foley Constr. Co., 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 376 N.E.2d 578 (1978). If the trial court's judgment

is “supported by some competent, credible evidence going to all the essential elements

of the case,” a reviewing court may not reverse that judgment. Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d at

74, 564 N.E.2d 54.

       {¶21} In determining the best interest of the child at a permanent custody hearing,

R.C. 2151.414(D) mandates the trial court must consider all relevant factors, including,

but not limited to, the following: (1) the interaction and interrelationship of the child with

the child's parents, siblings, relatives, foster parents and out-of-home providers, and any

other person who may significantly affect the child; (2) the wishes of the child as

expressed directly by the child or through the child's guardian ad litem, with due regard

for the maturity of the child; (3) the custodial history of the child; and (4) the child's need

for a legally secure permanent placement and whether that type of placement can be

achieved without a grant of permanent custody.

       {¶22} The evidence clearly demonstrated a bond between appellant and the boys.

However, all of the professionals who testified in the case noted the importance of stability

and predictability for the boys. Although appellant was more stable at the time of trial

than she had been throughout the case, her progress was relatively recent. Appellant

had exhibited a cyclical pattern during appellee’s involvement with her, and during the

pendency of the case she lived in five different places, was homeless for a period of
Knox County, Case No. 15CA20                                                              8


twelve months, and was arrested four times, spending time in jail.             Further, the

caseworker was concerned about appellant’s ability to maintain sobriety once Scott

Reynolds was released from jail.

       {¶23} The boys lived in five different placements, with the current foster family

being the longest placement. The boys had to be removed from one foster home because

C.E.’s anger issues escalated to the point where he attempted to kill their cats. The lack

of stability had been difficult for the boys, but they had shown drastic improvement in

foster care. The boys’ therapist testified that the boys were diagnosed with emotional

disorder not otherwise specified, and exhibited anger, had difficulty concentrating in

school, and were more highly reactive in certain situations. She testified that the children

were getting consistency in their foster home, which they needed to deal with their issues.

The children indicated to their caseworker and their foster parents that they would like to

stay in the foster home. C.E. had an established routine in the foster home. The trial

court did not err in finding permanent custody to be in the best interest of C.E., as he

needed a legally secure placement which was not likely to be achieved without a grant of

permanent custody.

       {¶24} The second assignment of error is overruled.
Knox County, Case No. 15CA20                                                    9


      {¶25} The judgment of the Knox County Common Pleas Court, Juvenile Division,

is affirmed. Costs are assessed to appellant.

By: Baldwin, J.

Hoffman, P.J. and

Delaney, J. concur.
