17-1255-cr
United States v. Nales Figueroa


                                   UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                       FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                          SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A
SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED
BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1.
WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY
MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE
NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A
COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

       At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held
at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New
York, on the 27th day of June, two thousand eighteen.

PRESENT: ROBERT D. SACK,
                 REENA RAGGI,
                                 Circuit Judges,
                 PAUL G. GARDEPHE,
                                 District Judge.*
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
                                 Appellee,

                                  v.                                     No. 17-1255-cr

ANGEL LUIS NALES FIGUEROA,
                    Defendant-Appellant,

OMAR ADONIS GUZMAN-MARTINEZ, MIGUEL
MORALES CASILLAS,
                                 Defendants.†
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FOR APPELLANT:                                    David Touger, Peluso   &   Touger,      LLP,
                                                  New York, New York.

*
 Judge Paul G. Gardephe, of the United States District Court for the Southern District of
New York, sitting by designation.
†
    The Clerk of Court is directed to amend the official caption to read as shown above.
FOR APPELLEE:                             Frank J. Balsamello, Karl      Metzner, Assistant
                                          United States Attorneys,        for Geoffrey S.
                                          Berman, United States          Attorney for the
                                          Southern District of New       York, New York,
                                          New York.

       Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern

District of New York (Katherine B. Forrest, Judge).

       UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED,

AND DECREED that the judgment entered on April 18, 2017, is AFFIRMED.

       Defendant Angel Luis Nales Figueroa was convicted based on his guilty plea to

stalking resulting in serious bodily injury and involving the use of a dangerous weapon,

in the course of which crime the victim’s face was slashed.                 See 18 U.S.C.

§§ 2261(b)(3), 2261A(1) and 2. He appeals the resulting 55-month, above-Guidelines

prison sentence as procedurally and substantively unreasonable.             In reviewing a

sentence   for   reasonableness,   we    apply   “a    particularly   deferential   form   of

abuse-of-discretion review,” United States v. Cavera, 550 F.3d 180, 188 & n.5 (2d Cir.

2008) (en banc), “both to the procedures used to arrive at the sentence (procedural

reasonableness) and to the length of the sentence (substantive reasonableness),” United

States v. Broxmeyer, 699 F.3d 265, 278 (2d Cir. 2012). In so doing, we assume the

parties’ familiarity with the facts and record of prior proceedings, which we reference

only as necessary to explain our decision to affirm.




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1.     Procedural Challenge

       Nales Figueroa argues that the district court committed procedural error in

denying him a three-level Guidelines reduction for acceptance of responsibility. See

U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1.      “Whether a defendant has carried his burden to demonstrate

acceptance of responsibility is a factual question on which we defer to the district court

unless its refusal to accord such consideration is without foundation.” United States v.

Broxmeyer, 699 F.3d at 284 (internal quotation marks omitted). To the extent Nales

Figueroa urges such a lack of foundation here, the argument is without merit. While

Nales Figueroa argued at sentencing that he thought the plan was merely to threaten the

victim with a knife and not cut her, he stated in a post-arrest interview that the plan was

“to cut [the] woman’s face.” App’x 175. Accordingly, the district court’s finding that

Nales Figueroa “minimiz[ed] his conduct and alter[ed] his conduct from that which

occurred” was supported by the record. Id. at 71.

       In any event, the district court made clear that it would have imposed the same

sentence “even if [it] had given [the three-level reduction for] acceptance of

responsibility.” Id. at 110; see id. (stating that “three points for the acceptance of

responsibility are really neither here, nor there, in terms of the ultimate sentence that [the

court] would arrive at”).      Where the district court makes such an explicit and

unambiguous declaration that an urged Guidelines adjustment would not affect its

ultimate sentence in any event, we need not decide a procedural challenge to the

adjustment’s omission.     See United States v. Jass, 569 F.3d 47, 68 (2d Cir. 2009)

(recognizing where “record indicates clearly that the district court would have imposed
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the same sentence in any event,” any procedural error “may be deemed harmless”

(internal quotation marks omitted)); accord United States v. Feldman, 647 F.3d 450, 459

(2d Cir. 2011).

       Moreover, we are not persuaded by Nales Figueroa’s arguments urging us not to

take the district court at its word. Rather, as we proceed to explain in addressing Nales

Figueroa’s substantive reasonableness challenge, the record amply demonstrates that the

district court carefully considered all relevant factors in exercising its ultimate discretion

to impose an above-Guidelines sentence of 55 months’ incarceration to serve the

sentencing goals of 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a).

2.     Substantive Challenge

       In challenging his sentence as substantively unreasonable, Nales Figueroa bears a

heavy burden because we will set aside a sentence on that ground “only in exceptional

cases” where the challenged sentence cannot be located within the wide range of

permissible decisions available to the district court, United States v. Cavera, 550 F.3d at

189, that is, where “the sentence imposed was shockingly high, shockingly low, or

otherwise unsupportable as a matter of law,” United States v. Rigas, 583 F.3d 108, 123

(2d Cir. 2009). That is not this case.

       In determining that a 55-month sentence was sufficient but not greater than

necessary to serve the statutory objectives of federal sentencing, see 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a),

the district court explicitly considered mitigating factors, including Nales Figueroa’s lack

of criminal history, and his “desire to work in the business . . . he started” and to “be

involved in the life of his son.” App’x 104. It also considered at length, however, the
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nature and circumstances of the offense, noting that the crime of conviction “was an

assault for hire, in the most blunt and basic sense,” id. at 98, that “required travel on

airplanes twice” at the direction of “somebody who was already in prison,” id. at 99, to

“participate in [a] violent crime” against a woman Nales Figueroa “didn’t know . . .

personally,” id. at 102. On this record, we cannot conclude that a 55-month sentence

was outside the “broad range” of sentences available to the district court so as to be

considered substantively unreasonable. United States v. Jones, 531 F.3d 163, 174 (2d

Cir. 2008).

       In urging otherwise, Nales Figueroa faults the district court for considering the

physical injury sustained by the victim as part of its discussion of the § 3553(a) factors,

arguing that because he “already received a 4-point [Guidelines offense level] increase

for the conduct that resulted in the victim’s bodily injury,” such consideration amounted

to impermissible double counting. Appellant Br. at 31. We are not persuaded. The

imposition of a Guidelines enhancement does not preclude consideration of all the

§ 3553(a) factors, and the district court may rely on circumstances informing a

Guidelines calculation to vary upward from the Guidelines range where it articulates

reasons for distinguishing the defendant’s situation from that generally covered by the

Guidelines calculation. See United States v. Sindima, 488 F.3d 81, 87 (2d Cir. 2007).

Here, the district court carefully and convincingly explained why Nales Figueroa’s

offense, which put the victim at risk of even “more bodily injury . . . than actually was

done,” fell outside the Guidelines heartland, stating, in any event, that the “for-hire”


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nature of the crime was “far more important[]” to its upward variance decision than the

physical injury inflicted. App’x 103.

      No different conclusion is warranted by Nales Figueroa’s assertion that “the

essence of the crime” is that co-defendant Omar Adonis Guzman-Martinez—the man

who hired Nales Figueroa—“had a personal vendetta” against the victim, who was “the

mother of his children.” Appellant Br. at 31. Nales Figueroa offers no explanation as

to how Guzman-Martinez’s relationship with the victim somehow lessens his own

culpability. Indeed, the district court found that Nales Figueroa’s willingness “to do this

kind of stalking with violence” for profit against a woman he did not know—with whom

he   had   no   prior   “involvement”    and      against   whom   he   himself   had   no

“vendetta”—aggravated, rather than mitigated, his culpability.          App’x 103.      We

identify no abuse of discretion in that determination. See generally United States v.

Broxmeyer, 699 F.3d at 289 (recognizing “particular weight to be afforded aggravating

and mitigating factors is a matter firmly committed to the discretion of the sentencing

judge” (internal quotation marks omitted)).

3.    Conclusion

      We have considered Nales Figueroa’s other arguments and conclude that they are

without merit. Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment of conviction.

                                         FOR THE COURT:
                                         Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court




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