                        This opinion will be unpublished and
                        may not be cited except as provided by
                        Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2012).

                             STATE OF MINNESOTA
                             IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                   A14-0508
                                   A14-0577

                             Christopher D. Reigel, et al.,
                                    Respondents,

                                          vs.

                              DPS Properties LLC, et al.,
                                     Defendants,
                                  Stephen V. Buck,
                                     Appellant.

                              Filed November 10, 2014
                                      Affirmed
                                   Stauber, Judge

                           Hennepin County District Court
                             File No. 27-CV-10-20351

Stephen E. Yoch, Jon L. Farnsworth, Felhaber Larson, Fenlon & Vogt, P.A., St. Paul,
Minnesota (for respondents)

David L. Schulman, Craig Buske, Law Office of David L. Shulman, PLLC, Minneapolis,
Minnesota (for appellant)

      Considered and decided by Stauber, Presiding Judge; Schellhas, Judge; and

Crippen, Judge.





 Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to
Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10.
                           UNPUBLISHED OPINION

STAUBER, Judge

          On appeal from the entry of judgment following an alleged breach of the terms of

a settlement agreement, appellant argues that the district court (1) misconstrued the

settlement agreement and that a proper reading of the agreement does not allow for an

entry of judgment under the circumstances in this case and (2) improperly awarded

attorney’s fees to respondents based on the terms of the settlement agreement. We

affirm.

                                           FACTS

          Appellant Stephen V. Buck and respondent Christopher D. Reigel were partners in

Buckbear, LLC, a business which owns and operates three rental properties. In August

2007, respondent CDR Construction, LLC, a company wholly owned and operated by

Reigel, contracted with defendant DPS Properties, LLC, a company owned primarily by

Buck, to perform improvements to the rental properties. A contract dispute subsequently

arose between Buck and DPS Properties (collectively “appellants”), and Reigel and CDR

Construction (collectively “respondents”). But the parties eventually entered into a

settlement agreement in an effort to resolve the dispute.

          In the summer of 2010, respondents commenced an action against appellants

asserting various claims, including a breach of the settlement agreement. The parties

then entered into a second settlement agreement in August 2011, which is the subject of

this appeal. The terms of the settlement agreement provided for the liquidation of

Buckbear’s assets. These assets consist of three multi-unit residential properties. One


                                              2
property is encumbered by a mortgage held by American Home Mortgage (AHM), and

the other two properties are encumbered by a mortgage held by Richfield Bloomington

Credit Union (RBCU). The combined value of the mortgages is approximately $1.4

million, and respondents’ personal liability for the Buckbear debt stemmed from Reigel’s

personal guarantee of the two mortgages.

       Under the terms of the settlement agreement, appellants were required to procure

the release of respondents’ personal liability on the AHM mortgage. The agreement

provided that if the release was not obtained within 18 months, respondents would gain

certain additional rights. The settlement agreement provided similar language with

respect to the properties encumbered by the RBCU mortgage, but allowed appellants two

years to procure release of respondents’ liability on the RBCU mortgage.

       The settlement agreement also required appellants to execute three “confessions of

judgment.” Two of the confessions related to respondents’ liability for the Buckbear

mortgages (hereinafter the “mortgage confessions”), and the third confession related to

legal expenses incurred by respondents during and after the litigation involving

Buckbear’s debt (hereinafter the “fee confession”). The settlement agreement provided

that the confessions could only be filed in district court if appellants breached any terms

of the agreement. And the agreement further provided that if a confession was filed by

respondents “prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default,” or was otherwise

improperly filed, the confession would be “deemed null, void and of no force or effect”

and any remaining obligations under the agreement of the party or parties against whom

the improper confession was filed would automatically terminate.


                                             3
       On August 14, 2013, two years after the settlement agreement was signed,

respondents filed the mortgage confessions in district court and requested that judgment

be entered. Respondents also filed an affidavit alleging that the filing of the mortgage

confessions was warranted due to appellants’ breach of the settlement agreement. The

district court subsequently entered an order for judgment against appellants in the amount

of $1,388,033.29.

       Appellants moved to vacate the judgment alleging that no event of default had

occurred and that because respondents filed the mortgage confessions without the

occurrence of an event of default the judgment was void. Thus, appellants claimed that

their obligations under the settlement agreement terminated. In response, respondents

moved to enforce the settlement agreement. Respondents claimed that appellants

breached the settlement agreement by: (1) failing to obtain respondents’ release from

personal liability of Buckbear’s debt; (2) increasing respondents’ personal liability for

Buckbear debt without authorization; (3) using Buckbear funds to pay appellants’

personal debts; (4) failing to cooperate by not allowing a sale of Buckbear’s assets; and

(5) failing to provide respondents with Buckbear documents, information, and assets.

Respondents also moved to compel discovery.

       On February 4, 2014, the district court filed an order determining that appellants

breached the settlement agreement by not relieving respondents of personal liability

under the AHM mortgage and the RBCU mortgage within the time provisions set forth in

the settlement agreement. The court concluded that, as a result of the breach, respondents

properly filed the mortgage confessions, and that it was unnecessary to decide whether


                                             4
appellants’ other alleged breaches were valid. Therefore, the district court granted

respondents’ motion to enforce the judgment and denied appellants’ motion to vacate the

judgment. The district court further ordered appellants to comply with respondents’

discovery requests, including post judgment discovery.

       After the district court granted respondents’ motion to enforce the settlement

agreement, respondents filed the fee confession asserting that $86,337.90 represented the

amount of respondents’ total expenses incurred related to the enforcement of the

settlement agreement. On March 31, 2014, district court entered a supplemental

judgment in the amount requested by respondents. Appellants filed notices of appeal

related to both the February 4, 2014 order and the March 31, 2014 order and this court

subsequently consolidated the appeals.

                                      DECISION

                                              I.

       The rules for vacating a default judgment apply to judgments entered from a

confession of judgment. Banque Internationale Luxembourg v. Dacatah Cos., 413

N.W.2d 850, 853 (Minn. App. 1987). We review a district court’s denial of a motion to

vacate a default judgment for an abuse of discretion. Foerster v. Folland, 498 N.W.2d

459, 460 (Minn. 1993). A district court abuses its discretion when its ruling is based on

an erroneous view of the law, is against the facts in the record, or the court exercises its

discretion in an arbitrary or capricious manner. City of North Oaks v. Sarpal, 797

N.W.2d 18, 24 (Minn. 2011).




                                              5
       “Settlement agreements are contractual in nature and are as binding on the parties

as any contract they could make.” Chalmers v. Kanawyer, 544 N.W.2d 795, 797 (Minn.

App. 1996). Generally, this court reviews a district court’s decision regarding a petition

to enforce a settlement agreement for an abuse of discretion. See Johnson v. St. Paul Ins.

Cos., 305 N.W.2d 571, 573 (Minn. 1981). But because a settlement agreement is

contractual in nature, the determination of whether the settlement agreement is an

enforceable contract is a question of law that is reviewed de novo. Mohrenweiser v.

Blomer, 573 N.W.2d 704, 706 (Minn. App. 1988), review denied (Minn. Feb. 19, 1998).

       Paragraph 3.2(e) of the settlement agreement provides that:

                     [Appellants] shall procure the release of [respondents’]
              personal liability on the AHM Mortgage. If within eighteen
              (18) months of the execution of this Agreement [appellants
              are] unable to obtain a release for [respondents] associated
              with the AHM mortgage so that [respondents] no longer
              ha[ve] any personal liability for the AHM mortgage or in any
              way relating to [the encumbered property], then:

                     i.      [Respondents] shall, without notice to
              [appellants], be able to immediately take all necessary actions
              within [respondents’] sole discretion to minimize
              [respondents’] personal liability for the AHM Mortgage,
              including but not limited to selling the [encumbered
              property], and/or reducing liabilities and/or increasing
              revenue associated with [the encumbered property]; and

                     ii.    Upon written demand by [respondents],
              [appellants] shall immediately relinquish all control over
              Buckbear operations related to [the encumbered property] and
              the AHM Mortgage as is necessary to effectuate the sale
              thereof.




                                             6
Paragraph 3.2(f) of the settlement agreement contains virtually identical language with

respect to the RBCU mortgage, except that appellants were allowed two years to procure

respondents’ release from liability for that mortgage.

       The settlement agreement also provides that if appellants breached any terms of

the settlement agreement, respondents “shall be entitled” to file the mortgage confessions

in district court. The agreement then clarifies that the mortgage confessions “may only

be filed in the Event of Default.” “An Event of Default is triggered” under the agreement

              only if a party: (a) fails to satisfy any material term of this
              Agreement; (b) fails to make any payments in Paragraph 3;
              (c) breaches any representation or warranty in this
              Agreement; or (d) finds that a representation or warranty was
              materially untrue or incorrect at the time of its making. Any
              Event of Default and related liability shall only be attributable
              to party or parties in default.

       The district court found that under the settlement agreement, it is “obvious” that

respondents’ “release is a material term.” The district court then found that because

respondents’ release is a material term, and because it is undisputed that appellants failed

to release respondents from liability under the AHM and RBCU mortgages, that

appellants’ breach of a material term constituted an event of default. Thus, the district

court concluded that respondents properly filed the mortgage confessions.

       Appellants concede that respondents’ release is a material term of the settlement

agreement. But appellants argue that the time period to procure respondents’ release was

not a material term. To support their claim, appellants point to the language of the

settlement agreement stating that if appellants are unable to procure respondents’ release

from the mortgages then respondents “acquired certain additional rights.” Appellants


                                             7
argue that because the settlement agreement provided respondents with certain rights in

the event that appellants failed to procure respondents’ release from liability, rather than

specifically stating that the failure to release respondents from liability in the stated time

period constituted a default, that the district court erroneously concluded that an event of

default occurred.

       We disagree. It is well settled that “the term ‘shall’ reflects a mandatory

imposition.” Travertine Corp. v. Lexington-Silverwood, 683 N.W.2d 267, 272 (Minn.

2004). Here, the settlement agreement provides that appellants “shall procure the release

of [respondents’] liability” under the AHM and RBCU mortgages within 18 months and

two years, respectively, and that if appellants are unable to obtain respondents’ release

from the mortgages within the stated time periods, respondents “shall . . . be able to

immediately take all necessary action within [respondents’] sole discretion to minimize

[their] personal liability” for the mortgages. (Emphasis added.) The plain language of

this agreement mandates that appellants procure respondents’ release from the mortgages,

and that if such release is not obtained within the specified time periods, respondents

“shall” be able to take any action to minimize their personal liability. The settlement

agreement makes clear that this action includes the filing of the mortgage confessions.

       Appellants argue that the “intent of the confessions” as stated in paragraph 7(a) of

the settlement agreement demonstrates that appellants’ failure to obtain respondents’

release from the mortgages within the specified time period is not a breach of a material

term because it differentiates between appellants’ obligations under paragraphs 3.2(e) and

(f) and an “event of default.” Specifically, this language provides that


                                               8
                      The intent of the [mortgage confessions] is to ensure
              that to the extent [respondents have] any personal liability for
              Buckbear debts after the time periods stated in Paragraph
              3.2(e) and (f) or any Event of Default, that the value of the
              AHM Confessions shall be equal to the amount of
              [respondents’] personal liability for the AHM Mortgage and
              the value of the RBCU Confession be equal to the amount of
              [respondents’] personal liability for the RBCU Mortgage.

(Emphasis added.)

       Appellants argument is without merit. Under the settlement agreement, an “event

of default” can be triggered in several ways, including if a party: (1) fails to satisfy any

material term of the settlement agreement; (2) fails to make the required payments;

(3) breaches any representation or warranty in the agreement; or (4) discovers that any

representation or warranty was materially untrue or incorrect at the time it was made.

The “or any Event of Default” language clarifies that a party could default on the

settlement agreement before appellants procured respondents’ release from liability from

the mortgages. The language of paragraph 7(a) further clarifies that, if such a default

occurred, or if appellants failed to procure the release of respondents’ liability from the

mortgages within the specified time periods, the amount of the mortgage confessions

should be equal to the amount of respondents’ remaining personal liability on the

mortgages.

       Moreover, it is a well-settled axiom of contract law that the “[t]erms in a contract

should be read together and harmonized whenever possible.” Burgi v. Eckes, 354

N.W.2d 514, 518 (Minn. App. 1984). Here, as respondents point out, paragraph 3.2(h) of

the settlement agreement “confirms” that appellants’ failure to release respondents from



                                              9
personal liability within the specified time periods was a material breach of the

agreement. This provision states: “To the extent [appellants] provide[] credible

documentation to [respondents] that demonstrates that [respondents have] been released

for all of . . . personal liability for Buckbear debts, including but not limited to the

Mortgages, then the terms of 3.2(e) and (f) of this Agreement will be deemed satisfied.”

When paragraph 3.2(h) is read together with paragraphs 3.2(e) and (f), the provisions are

harmonized and reflect that the release of respondents’ liability from the mortgages

within the specified time periods was a material term of the settlement agreement.

Appellants do not dispute that they failed to procure respondents’ release from liability

from the mortgages. Accordingly, the district court did not err by concluding that

appellants breached the settlement agreement.

       Finally, the settlement agreement provides that respondents were entitled to file

the mortgage confessions in district court if appellants “breached any terms” of the

settlement agreement. Because we conclude that appellants breached a material term of

the settlement agreement by failing to release respondents from liability within the

specified time period, we affirm the district court’s determination that respondents could

file the mortgage confessions in district court.

                                              II.

       Appellants also challenge the district court’s order awarding respondents

attorney’s fees in the amount of $86,337.90 based on the fee confession filed by

respondents. The fee confession provides that “[t]he amount in this and other Paragraphs

will be completed by counsel for [respondents] and will be filed in conjunction with an


                                               10
affidavit that confirms the appropriateness of the amount.” This language is consistent

with Minn. Stat. § 548.22 (2012), which is entitled “Confession of Judgment” and

provides in relevant part that:

                     A judgment for money due or to become due, or to
              secure any person against a contingent liability on behalf of
              the defendant, or for both, may be entered in the district court
              by confession and without action, upon filing with the court
              administrator a statement, signed and verified by the
              defendant, authorizing the entry of judgment for a specified
              sum.

As respondents point out, the purpose of a confession of judgment is to eliminate the

need for motion practice, and the plain language of section 548.22, as well as the fee

confession, supports this assertion. Moreover, the fee confession specifically states that

appellants “waive[d] any and all objections” to the amount claimed by respondents in the

fee confession. And the fee confession further provides that appellants have “read this

Confession of Judgment and fully understand[] its force and effect” and “acknowledge[]

the right to seek the services of counsel to review this Confession of Judgment.” The

record reflects that respondents’ counsel attached the appropriate affidavit when filing the

fee confession. Accordingly, the district court properly awarded attorney’s fees in favor

of respondents.

       Affirmed.




                                            11
