       Third District Court of Appeal
                                State of Florida

                         Opinion filed December 16, 2015.
          Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.

                                ________________

                                 No. 3D15-2253
                            Lower Tribunal No. 11-698
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                     Liz C. Messianu, Esq., etc., et al.,
                                    Petitioners,

                                         vs.

                            Jannette Billot Pigna,
                                    Respondent.



      A Case of Original Jurisdiction -- Prohibition.

     Wicker Smith O’Hara McCoy & Ford, P.A., and Nicholas E. Christin and
Brandon J. Hechtman; Lubell & Rosen, LLC, and Liz C. Messianu, for petitioners.

      Dunwody White & Landon, P.A., and Jack A. Falk, Jr., for respondent.


Before ROTHENBERG, LAGOA and SCALES, JJ.

      PER CURIAM.
      Petitioners, Liz C. Messianu and Inca Mayta Cremiuex (collectively,

“Petitioners”), via Petition for Writ of Prohibition, challenge the trial court’s order

denying Petitioners’ motion for disqualification of the trial judge in the probate and

trust proceeding of the late Carillo Pesenti Pigna. We grant the petition because it

appears from the face of the trial court’s order that, in adjudicating Petitioners’

motion, the trial court exceeded the scope of permissible considerations.

      In making a determination on an initial motion for disqualification, the trial

court must follow the requirements of rule 2.330(f) of the Florida Rules of Judicial

Administration. This provision requires the trial court to determine only if the

motion is legally sufficient; the trial court may not consider whether the factual

assertions of the motion are true. Bundy v. Rudd, 366 So. 2d 440, 442 (Fla. 1978).

The rule expressly “limits the trial judge to a bare determination of legal

sufficiency” in order to prevent disqualification proceedings from becoming

adversarial. Id.

      The facts alleged in a motion seeking to disqualify a trial judge must be

evaluated as true for the purposes of determining legal sufficiency. City of

Hollywood v. Witt, 868 So. 2d 1214, 1217 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004). The trial court

cannot insert its own views regarding the facts or the motivations of the parties but

“must review the motion from the litigant’s perspective. . . .” Jimenez v. Ratine,

954 So. 2d 706, 708 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007).



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        In this case, Petitioners’ joint motion to recuse the judge was accompanied

by an affidavit that referenced statements the trial court made during a hearing

which, in their view, caused them to fear that the trial court had prejudged an

ultimate issue in the case. In the trial court’s order denying Petitoners’ recusal

motion, the trial court stated that “the moving parties’ concerns emanated from a

prior adverse ruling and nothing more.” Rather than strictly evaluating the legal

sufficiency of Petitioners’ factual claims, the trial court looked beyond the four

corners of the affidavit to evaluate the alleged motivations of Petitioners.

        Regardless of whether the trial court’s motivational analysis was accurate,

by delving into how Petitioners’ concerns purportedly emanated, the trial court ran

afoul of the directive in rule 2.330(f) – i.e., that the trial court’s order evaluate only

the legal sufficiency of the motion and state “no other reason for denial.”

        We, therefore, grant the petition for Writ of Prohibition. Because we are

confident that the trial judge will recuse himself, we need not formally issue the

writ.

        Petition granted.




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