
Opinion issued October 12, 2006


          















In The
Court of Appeals
For The
First District of Texas




NOS. 01-05-00385-CR 
          01-05-00386-CR 
____________

ANTHONY RILES, Appellant

V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee



 
On Appeal from the 278th District Court
Walker County, Texas
Trial Court Cause Nos. 21,238-C and 21,179-C

 
 
O P I N I O N
          Appellant, Anthony Riles, pleaded guilty to the third-degree felony offenses
of possession of a controlled substance
 and assault of a public servant.
  The trial
court accepted the guilty pleas, deferred adjudication of guilt, and placed appellant
on community supervision for five years in each case.  The State subsequently filed
motions to adjudicate guilt, to which appellant pleaded true, and the trial court
assessed appellant’s punishment at confinement for ten years in each case.  In his sole
issue, appellant contends that the trial court erred in increasing his sentence to ten
years “after having already formally pronounced sentence as being only five years.”
          We affirm.
Factual and Procedural Background
          On December 17, 2004, appellant pleaded true to the allegations in the motion
to adjudicate guilt without an agreed punishment recommendation from the State. 
After a hearing on the motion, the trial court found appellant guilty and stated, “the
Court sentences you to five years in TDC.  And the sentence will run concurrent.” 
At that point, appellant requested that he be allowed to surrender himself at 5:00 a.m.
the following morning to begin his sentence.  The trial court answered,
Yes, I will let you do that.  Let me tell you something else.  If you don’t
show up I haven’t finalized this five years yet and I’m just going to
double it.  You got it?
 
(emphasis added).  Appellant replied, “Yes, sir.”  The trial court then changed the
reporting time to 8:00 a.m. the following morning.
          Appellant did not surrender himself the following morning, and, on March 18,
2005, at another hearing, appellant admitted that he had “run” and failed to surrender
himself as promised.  The trial court then pronounced appellant’s punishment at
confinement for ten years in each case and signed a judgment reflecting this sentence.
Modification of Sentence
          In his sole issue, appellant argues that his sentence should be reduced to five
years as originally pronounced by the trial court because “once [a] sentence is
formally pronounced, a trial court may not later increase that sentence.”  The State
counters that “[a] trial court retains plenary power over its own judgments for a period
of time following rendition to allow for any correction or alteration that may be
necessary to ensure that justice has been served.”  It asserts that “[t]he trial court did
not orally pronounce sentence on December 17, 2004, but rather made an oral
statement about what the sentence for the defendant was possibl[y] going to be.” 
          A trial court has inherent power to “correct, modify, vacate, or amend its own
rulings,” and, as long as it “does not by its ruling divest itself of jurisdiction or exceed
a statutory time limit, it can simply change its mind on a ruling.”  State v. Aguilera,
165 S.W.3d 695, 698 n.7 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005) (quoting Awadelkariem v. State,
974 S.W.2d 721, 728–29 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998) (Meyers, J., concurring)).  “The
ability to do so is a necessary function of an efficient judiciary.”  Id. (quoting
Awadelkariem, 974 S.W.2d at 729).  The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals has
recently held that a trial court retains plenary power to modify a sentence so long as
“the modification is made on the same day as the assessment of the initial sentence
and before the court adjourns for the day.”  Aguilera, 165 S.W.3d at 698.  “The
re-sentencing must be done in the presence of the defendant, his attorney, and counsel
for the state.”  Id.  Also, such modifications must comport with the requirement that
a defendant’s sentence begins to run on the day that it is pronounced.  See Tex. Code
Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.09, § 1 (Vernon Supp. 2005 ).   Moreover, a sentence for
a felony offense must be pronounced in the defendant’s presence.  See id. art. 42.03,
§ 1(a) (Vernon Supp. 2005).  In such circumstances, a trial court has the authority to
re-sentence a defendant after assessing an initial sentence if the modified sentence is
authorized by statute.  Aguilera, 165 S.W.3d at 698.  
 

          In support of his argument that, after sentencing is formally pronounced, a trial
court may not later increase the sentence, appellant relies on Harris v. State, 153
S.W.3d 394 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005).  In Harris, the defendant argued that “an
increase in punishment after a defendant has commenced serving his sentence violates
a defendant’s Double Jeopardy
 rights.”  Id. at 396.  The court held that the
modification and imposition of a twenty-five-year sentence one day after imposing
a statutorily authorized ten-year sentence violated the prohibition against double
jeopardy.  Id. at 397 & n.10 (A trial court has “no authority to re-sentence [a]
defendant by increasing the severity of the sentence after he had been formally
sentenced, and had accepted such a sentence.”  (citing Tooke v. State, 642 S.W.2d
514, 518 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1982, no pet.)).  Appellant also notes that
a trial court may not increase a sentence “even if the court attempts to do so within
minutes of the first announcement.”   State v. Dickerson, 864 S.W.2d 761, 763 (Tex.
App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1993, no pet.).
          However, the Court of Criminal Appeals, five months after Harris, handed
down its decision in Aguilera, making clear that a trial court “retains plenary power
to modify its sentence if, as in this case, the modification is made on the same day as
the assessment of the initial sentence and before the court adjourns for the day.” 
Aguilera, 165 S.W.3d at 698.  The Aguilera court distinguished Harris because (1)
Harris was based on a constitutional violation—re-sentencing the defendant to a term
of imprisonment that was outside of the statutory range of punishment—rather than
on a claim of lack of plenary power to modify and (2) the re-sentencing in Harris was
done on the next day after the defendant “had begun serving his sentence.”  Id. at
697.

          Here, the trial court initially pronounced a sentence of five years at the
December 18, 2005 hearing.  However, when appellant asked the trial court to allow
him to report the following morning, the trial court acquiesced but made clear, “I
haven’t finalized this five years yet.”  Even if the trial court initially pronounced its
sentence and did not merely, as the State contends, make a statement regarding what
sentencing would possibly be, the trial court had the power to correct, modify, or
vacate its order.  See Aguilera, 165 S.W.3d at 700 n.7 (Cochran, J., concurring) (“The
oral utterance is an act of judgment, but it is not an entirely unalterable one.  Other
events . . . are required to give it absolute finality.  Until they occur, the court retains
jurisdiction and power, within recognized limits . . . to make corrections, perhaps 

even other changes, which may be required by a right administration of justice.” 
(citing Rowley v. Welch, 72 App. D.C. 351, 355, 114 F.2d 499, 503 (1940))).  
          Essentially, the trial court, in granting appellant’s request to surrender himself
the next morning, set aside, or vacated, its previously pronounced sentence when it
declared, “I haven’t finalized this five years yet.”  Appellant had not accepted the
five-year sentence, begun to serve the sentence, or suffered any punishment before
the trial court set the sentence aside.  See Aguilera, 165 S.W.3d at 698.  In fact,
appellant agreed to the trial court’s actions.  Moreover, the subsequent sentence was
within the statutory range of punishment for the offenses charged.  See Tex. Pen.
Code Ann. § 12.34(a) (Vernon 2003).  
          Accordingly, we hold that the trial court acted within its authority when, only
a few moments after it had initially sentenced appellant and before it had adjourned
for the day, it set the five-year sentence aside.  See Aguilera, 165 S.W.3d at 698.  We
further hold that the trial court did not err in subsequently assessing appellant’s
punishment at confinement for ten years at the March 18, 2005 hearing. 
          We overrule appellant’s sole issue. 
 

Conclusion
          We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
 
                                                             Terry Jennings
                                                             Justice 
 
Panel consists of Justices Nuchia, Jennings, and Higley.
Publish.   Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b). 
