                                    NUMBER 13-10-00180-CV

                                    COURT OF APPEALS

                       THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

                           CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG

                          IN THE INTEREST OF S.T.A., A CHILD


                          On appeal from the 88th District Court
                                of Hardin County, Texas.


                               MEMORANDUM OPINION1
  Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Rodriguez and Benavides
             Memorandum Opinion by Justice Rodriguez
        Pro se appellant Todd Wayne Adams, the father of S.T.A., a child, brings this

restricted appeal from a post-answer default judgment.2 See TEX. R. APP. P. 26.1(c).

By five issues, which we renumber as four, Adams contends the following: (1) the trial

        1
           All issues of law presented by this case are well settled, and the parties are familiar with the facts.
Therefore, we will not recite the law or the facts in this memorandum opinion, except as necessary to advise
the parties of the Court's decision and the basic reasons for it. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4.
        2
          The order from which Adams appeals also modifies Adams's parent-child relationship with his
child, S.R.A. Adams does not, however, challenge those portions of the order in this appeal.
court erred in rendering a default judgment against him on a motion to modify a suit

affecting parent-child relationship (SAPCR) because he did not receive notice of the

hearing on the motion; (2) the trial court erred in rendering the default judgment because

Adams and S.T.A. were, at the time of the hearing, residents of New Mexico; (3) the

evidence is insufficient to support the trial court’s order changing the custody of S.T.A.

and awarding child support and monetary fees to appellee Alison Cathey, the child's

mother, and to Cathey's counsel; and (4) the trial court exhibited prejudice against

Adams. We affirm.3

                                               I.       NOTICE

        By his first issue, Adams complains that the trial court incorrectly granted a default

judgment because he was not properly served with notice of the hearing on Cathey’s

motion to modify the SAPCR. The four elements necessary for a direct attack on a

judgment by a restricted appeal are: (1) the petition must be brought within six months

after the judgment was signed, (2) by a party to the suit, (3) who did not participate in the

actual trial, and (4) the error complained of must be apparent from the face of the record.

Ins. Co. of the State of Penn. v. Lejeune, 297 S.W.3d 254, 255-56 (Tex. 2009) (per

curiam). Adams contends that he has met the requirements of a restricted appeal. We

agree that the record shows the first three elements have been met. See id. Therefore,

only the last element is at issue in this case. See id.

        The rules do not impose a duty on the trial court, or its personnel, to place evidence

in the case file that notice of a hearing was given. See Robert S. Wilson Invs. No. 16 Ltd.

        3
          The case is before this Court on transfer from the Ninth Court of Appeals in Beaumont pursuant to
an order issued by the Supreme Court of Texas. See TEX. GOV'T CODE ANN. § 73.001 (Vernon 2005).

                                                    2
v. Blumer, 837 S.W.2d 860, 861 (Tex. App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 1992, no writ) (citing

Butler v. Butler, 808 S.W.2d 128, 129 (Tex. App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 1991, writ denied)

(per curiam); Prihoda v. Marek, 797 S.W.2d 170, 171 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi 1990,

writ denied) (en banc)). Without such a duty, the "absence from the record of affirmative

proof of notice does not establish error." Id. at 861-62 (citing Gen. Elec. Co. v. Falcon

Ridge Apts., 811 S.W.2d 942, 943-44 (Tex. 1991)). For that reason, an appellant who

alleges error apparent from the face of the record due to the absence of notice carries a

heavy burden because the record will usually be barren of affirmative proof of the error

claimed.4 Id. (citing Falcon Ridge Apts., 811 S.W.2d at 943-44).

        In this case, the record is silent regarding whether proper notice of the hearing was

given to Adams. Because notice of the hearing need not be included in the record, its

absence is not error apparent from the face of the record, as Adams argues. See id.

Therefore, because we have no evidence that Adams failed to receive notice of the

hearing, we must conclude that Adams has not satisfied the fourth element necessary for

a restricted appeal, see Lejeune, 297 S.W.3d at 255-56, and that the trial court did not err

in rendering a default judgment on this basis. We overrule Adams’s first issue.5




        4
           When extrinsic evidence is necessary to challenge a judgment, as in this case, the appropriate
remedy is by motion for new trial, see TEX. R. CIV. P. 320, 324(b)(1), or by bill of review filed in the trial court
so that the trial court has the opportunity to consider and weigh factual evidence. See id. at R. 329b(f); Gen.
Elec. Co. v. Falcon Ridge Apts., 811 S.W.2d 942, 944 (Tex. 1991).
        5
          Adams also contends that he was not properly served with any pleadings filed by Cathey. This
contention, however, is inconsistent with Adams's position that he has satisfied all elements of a restricted
appeal, one of which is that he is a party to the underlying lawsuit. See Ins. Co. of the State of Penn. v.
Lejeune, 297 S.W.3d 254, 255-56 (Tex. 2009) (per curiam). And while Adams complains that he did not
receive a copy of the September 24, 2009 modification and enforcement order until late in October 2009, he
does not specifically complain about failing to receive a copy of Cathey's motion to modify or her motion to
enforce. Therefore, we will not address this contention.
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                                      II.    JURISDICTION

       By his second issue, Adams appears to contend that the trial court lacked

jurisdiction over the case because he and S.T.A. “were, at the time of the hearings,

residents of New Mexico.”       Without any supporting citations to the record, Adams

informs this Court that S.T.A. attended school in San Juan County, New Mexico from

January 2007 through May 2009 and attaches, as part of the appendix to his brief, a copy

of a 2008-2009 student's class schedule with the name redacted. Adams also refers us

to Cathey's SAPCR petition, which sets out that S.T.A. was a resident of San Juan

County. Finally, without providing any analysis, Adam references sections 152.102(4)

and 159.102(7) of the Texas Family Code for the definitions of "child custody proceeding"

and "home state."     See TEX. FAMILY CODE ANN. §§ 152.102(4), 152.102(7) (Vernon

2008). To the extent Adams is attempting to assert a jurisdiction issue, we conclude that

this issue is inadequately briefed. See TEX R. APP. P. 38.1(i). Moreover, when one of

the children remains in the state with continuing, exclusive jurisdiction over a child

custody or child support proceeding, as in this case, section 155.301 of the family code

supports a conclusion contrary to Adams’s position that New Mexico is S.T.A.'s home

state. See TEX. FAMILY CODE ANN. § 155.301 (Vernon 2008) ("A court of this state with

continuing, exclusive jurisdiction over a child custody proceeding under Chapter 152 or a

child support proceeding under Chapter 159 shall transfer the proceeding to the county of

residence of the resident party if one party is a resident of this state and all other parties

including the child or all of the children affected by the proceeding reside outside this

state."). We overrule Adams’s second issue.


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                        III.     REMAINING ISSUES INADEQUATELY BRIEFED

        Finally, Adams cites no authority and provides no explanatory argument for issue

three, which challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support the trial court's

modification order, and he provides no explanatory argument or citation to authority,

except for a reference to Texas Rule of Procedure 21a, for issue four, which claims that

the trial court was prejudiced against him. In accordance with appellate rule 38.1(i), we

will only consider contentions that are supported by clear and concise arguments with

appropriate citations to authorities and to the record. TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i). Because

these issues are inadequately briefed, we overrule Adams's remaining issues.

                                          IV.      CONCLUSION

        We affirm the September 24, 2009 modification order of the trial court. 6



                                                                           NELDA V. RODRIGUEZ
                                                                           Justice

Delivered and filed the
31st day of March, 2011.




        6
          Adams also prays that this Court dismiss the trial court's order of enforcement by contempt and
suspension of commitment that was signed the same day as the modification order. Adams, however,
brings no specific issues related to this order. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1 (providing that a "court of appeals
must hand down a written opinion that is as brief as practicable but that addresses every issue raised and
necessary to final disposition of the appeal").
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