    17-815
    Pan v. Sessions
                                                                                   BIA
                                                                             Poczter, IJ
                                                                          A077 997 552

                           UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                               FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                 SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER
FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF
APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER
IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN
ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY
ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

         At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals
    for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall
    United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of
    New York, on the 16th day of October, two thousand eighteen.

    PRESENT:
             JOHN M. WALKER, JR.,
             BARRINGTON D. PARKER,
             DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON,
                  Circuit Judges.
    _____________________________________

    BIAO QING PAN,
             Petitioner,

                      v.                                         17-815
                                                                 NAC
    JEFFERSON B. SESSIONS III,
    UNITED STATES ATTORNEY GENERAL,
             Respondent.
    _____________________________________

    FOR PETITIONER:                   Richard Tarzia, Belle Mead, NJ.

    FOR RESPONDENT:                   Chad A. Readler, Acting Assistant
                                      Attorney General; Anthony C.
                                      Payne, Assistant Director; Colette
                                      J. Winston, Trial Attorney, Office
                                 of Immigration Litigation, United
                                 States Department of Justice,
                                 Washington, DC.

      UPON DUE CONSIDERATION of this petition for review of a

Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision, it is hereby

ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the petition for review

is DENIED.

      Petitioner Biao Qing Pan, a native and citizen of the

People’s Republic of China, seeks review of a March 14, 2017,

decision of the BIA affirming a July 21, 2016, decision of an

Immigration    Judge   (“IJ”)      denying       Pan’s      application   for

withholding    of   removal      and   relief       under    the   Convention

Against Torture (“CAT”).         In re Biao Qing Pan, No. A 077 997

552 (B.I.A. Mar. 14, 2017), aff’g No. A 077 997 552 (Immig.

Ct.   N.Y.   City   July   21,   2016).        We    assume    the   parties’

familiarity with the underlying facts and procedural history

in this case.

      Under the circumstances of this case, we have reviewed

both the IJ’s and BIA’s decisions “for the sake of

completeness.”      Wangchuck v. Dep’t of Homeland Sec., 448

F.3d 524, 528 (2d Cir. 2006).              The standards of review are

well established.      See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); Xiu Xia

Lin v. Mukasey, 534 F.3d 162, 165-66 (2d Cir. 2008).

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      Under the standards set forth in the REAL ID Act, the

agency must “[c]onsider[] the totality of the

circumstances,” and may base an adverse credibility ruling

on any inconsistencies in an applicant’s oral and written

statements or other record evidence.            8 U.S.C.

§ 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii).       “We defer . . . to an IJ’s

credibility determination unless . . . it is plain that no

reasonable fact-finder could make such an adverse

credibility ruling.”       Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d at 167.         As

discussed below, substantial evidence supports the agency’s

determination that Pan was not credible.

      The agency reasonably concluded that Pan’s testimony

about when he started practicing Falun Gong was internally

inconsistent and conflicted with statements he made to an

asylum officer during his reasonable fear interview.                     8

U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii).            Pan initially testified that

he began practicing Falun Gong in 1999 and was arrested for

the   first   time   in   2001,   but    then   he   testified   that   he

practiced Falun Gong for only a few months before his arrest.

During his reasonable fear interview, Pan stated that he only




                                    3
practiced Falun Gong for one month before the authorities

pursued him.1

     The agency’s remaining findings are also supported by

the record and undermine both Pan’s Falun Gong claim and his

alleged fear of sterilization under China’s family planning

policy.    Pan testified that he practiced Falun Gong to

alleviate pain and for fun, but during his reasonable fear

interview, he stated that he practiced Falun Gong so he could

go to heaven.    Pan’s explanation that he did not know very

much about Falun Gong at the time of his 2014 interview was

implausible, given that he allegedly began practicing Falun

Gong in 1999.   Majidi v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 77, 80 (2d Cir.

2005) (explaining that a petitioner must offer not only a

“plausible” explanation, but one that “a reasonable fact-

finder would be compelled to credit”).       Pan testified that

his wife told him that the police continued to look for him



1The IJ concluded that the record of Pan’s reasonable fear
interview was reliable because a telephonic Mandarin interpreter
was used, the transcript reflected questions and answers nearly
verbatim, the questions posed were designed to elicit the
details of Pan’s claims, and the record did not show that Pan
had any difficulty understanding or answering the questions.
See Ming Zhang v. Holder, 585 F.3d 715, 723-25 (2d Cir. 2009)
(discussing indicia of reliability for credible fear
interviews). Pan did not challenge the record’s reliability
before the BIA and has not done so in this Court.

                               4
in order to sterilize him, but his wife’s letter omitted this

information.   See Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d at 166-67.           And Pan

testified   that     his    father   was   a   long-term   Falun    Gong

practitioner   who    was    imprisoned    and   mistreated   for   his

practice, but Pan did not include this information in his

application or reasonable fear interview.              See id.      Any

challenges to these discrepancies are both unexhausted and

waived because Pan did not challenge them before the BIA or

in his brief to this Court.          See Shunfu Li v. Mukasey, 529

F.3d 141, 146 (2d Cir. 2008).

    Pan argues that the IJ improperly discounted the letters

and affidavits he submitted from his relatives, but the weight

of the evidence is generally left to the agency’s discretion.

Y.C. v. Holder, 741 F.3d 324, 334 (2d Cir. 2013) (deferring

to agency’s decision to give minimal weight to letter from

spouse in China).     And regardless, the letters and affidavits

do not rehabilitate Pan’s problematic testimony because they

do not resolve any inconsistencies: Pan’s sister and uncle

attested to Pan’s current practice of Falun Gong but did not

discuss when in China he started practicing, his father’s

alleged Falun Gong practice, or, in the case of Pan’s sister,

his previous detention.          Pan’s wife did not provide any

                                     5
details about his Falun Gong claim or state that the police

are still looking for Pan.      See Biao Yang v. Gonzales, 496

F.3d 268, 273 (2d Cir. 2007) (“An applicant’s failure to

corroborate his or her testimony may bear on credibility,

because the absence of corroboration in general makes an

applicant unable to rehabilitate testimony that has already

been called into question.”).

    The above discrepancies provide substantial evidence

for the adverse credibility ruling.    See 8 U.S.C.

§ 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii); Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d at 166-67.

Because Pan’s claims were all based on the same factual

predicate, the adverse credibility determination is

dispositive of asylum, withholding of removal, and CAT

relief.    Paul v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d 148, 156-57 (2d Cir.

2006).    For this reason, we do not reach Pan’s arguments

that, assuming his credibility, he has established past

persecution and a well-founded fear of future persecution.

See INS v. Bagamasbad, 429 U.S. 24, 25 (1976) (“As a

general rule courts and agencies are not required to make

findings on issues the decision of which is unnecessary to

the results they reach.”).




                                6
    For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is

DENIED.    As we have completed our review, any stay of removal

that the Court previously granted in this petition is VACATED,

and any pending motion for a stay of removal in this petition

is DISMISSED as moot.    Any pending request for oral argument

in this petition is DENIED in accordance with Federal Rule of

Appellate Procedure 34(a)(2), and Second Circuit Local Rule

34.1(b).

                              FOR THE COURT:
                              Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe,
                              Clerk of Court




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