                            STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

                          SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

Terry Raab and Anna Raab,

Plaintiffs Below, Petitioners                                                    FILED

                                                                               November 8, 2013
                                                                            RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
vs) No. 13-0249 (Kanawha County 08-C-187)                                 SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                              OF WEST VIRGINIA

David M. Marshall, an individual, and Paul D. Marshall Architects
& Engineers, Inc., a West Virginia Corporation
Defendants Below, Respondents

                             MEMORANDUM DECISION
        Petitioners Terry and Anna Raab, plaintiffs below, by counsel Stephen E. Hastings,
appeal the Circuit Court of Kanawha County’s August 28, 2012, “Order Granting Defendants’
Motion to Dismiss for Failure to Prosecute” and January 31, 2013, “Order Denying Motion [to
Reinstate Case].” Respondents David M. Marshall and Paul D. Marshall Architects & Engineers,
Inc., defendants below, by counsel Mark A. Swartz and Mary Jo Swartz, respond in support of
the order.

       This Court has considered the parties= briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming is appropriate under Rule 21 of the Rules of
Appellate Procedure.

                              I. Factual and Procedural History

        A non-party to this appeal, Saville Construction, performed home renovation work for
Petitioners Mr. and Mrs. Raab. The architect on the project was Respondent David Marshall of
Respondent Paul D. Marshall Architects & Engineers, Inc. (collectively referred to herein as
“Marshall”). The Raabs assert that Marshall also agreed to perform construction oversight. In
2006, Saville Construction and the Raabs filed cross lawsuits for issues arising out of the
renovation project. On January 28, 2008, the Raabs filed the instant lawsuit suit against Marshall
alleging that Marshall’s work on the project constituted a breach of contract, negligence, breach
of fiduciary duty, and misrepresentation.1 Marshall denied any wrongdoing. Thereafter, Saville
Construction and the Raabs settled with one another.

       Pursuant to a December 1, 2010 scheduling order, the Raabs’ claims against Marshall
were set for trial on May 2, 2011. On February 17, 2011, one of the Raabs’ experts on liability
was deposed, but another of their experts—a contractor—had an emergency and could not be
deposed on that day.

       On April 6, 2011, Marshall moved to continue the trial, or strike the Raabs’ expert

       1
         The specific allegations are not explained in the briefs or in the record on appeal, and
the merits of the case are not before this Court.
                                                  1

witnesses, or dismiss the case for the Raabs’ failure to produce expert witnesses for deposition.
The Raabs verbally agreed to a continuance, and the court continued the trial without entering a
written order.

      On May 7, 2012, Marshall filed a motion pursuant to West Virginia Rule of Civil
Procedure 41(b) to dismiss the case for failure to prosecute. Rule 41(b) provides, in part,

               (b) Involuntary dismissal; effect thereof. – For failure of the plaintiff to
       prosecute or to comply with these rules or any order of court, a defendant may
       move for dismissal of an action or of any claim against the defendant. Unless the
       court in its order for dismissal otherwise specifies, a dismissal under this
       subdivision and any dismissal not provided for in this rule, other than a dismissal
       for lack of jurisdiction or for improper venue, operates as an adjudication upon
       the merits.

               Any court in which is pending an action wherein for more than one year
       there has been no order or proceeding, or wherein the plaintiff is delinquent in the
       payment of accrued courts costs, may, in its discretion, order such action to be
       struck from its docket; and it shall thereby be discontinued. . . . The court may, on
       motion, reinstate on its trial docket any action dismissed under this rule, and set
       aside any nonsuit that may [be] entered by reason of the nonappearance of the
       plaintiff, within three terms after entry of the order of dismissal or nonsuit . . . .

       The circuit court held a hearing on the Rule 41(b) motion on July 23, 2012, and granted
the motion by order entered on August 28, 2012. The court found, inter alia, that no filings or
hearings had occurred in the case since the trial was continued over a year earlier; the Raabs had
not identified an expert architect or provided Marshall with a date for deposing their expert
contractor; the case had been pending for four years; and the Raabs had not met their burden of
demonstrating good cause for the delay. Thereafter, the Raabs filed a motion for reinstatement.
On January 31, 2013, the circuit court denied the motion to reinstate upon concluding that the
Raabs failed to show good cause to excuse the neglectful prosecution.

                                     II. Standard of Review

       In Caruso v. Pearce, we discussed our standard of review of an order dismissing a case
pursuant to Rule 41(b):

       We review a circuit court's order dismissing a case for inactivity pursuant to Rule
       41(b) under an abuse of discretion standard. We stated in Dimon v. Mansy, 198
       W.Va. 40, 46, 479 S.E.2d 339, 345 (1996):

               Traditionally, our scope of review, even where reinstatement [of an
               action which is dismissed for failure to prosecute] is timely sought,
               is limited. It is only where there is a clear showing of an abuse of
               discretion that reversal is proper.

       “Only where we are left with a firm conviction that an error has been committed
       may we legitimately overturn a lower court's discretionary ruling.” Covington v.
       Smith, 213 W.Va. 309, 322, 582 S.E.2d 756, 769 (2003). See also, Intercity Realty
                                                 2

       Co. v. Gibson, 154 W.Va. 369, 377, 175 S.E.2d 452, 457 (1970) (“Where the law
       commits a determination to a trial judge and his discretion is exercised with
       judicial balance, the decision should not be overruled unless the reviewing court
       is actuated, not by a desire to reach a different result, but by a firm conviction that
       an abuse of discretion has been committed.”)

Caruso v. Pearce, 223 W.Va. 544, 547, 678 S.E.2d 50, 53 (2009).

                                 III. Applicability of Rule 41(b)

        The Raabs argue that during the thirteen-month period preceding the Rule 41(b) motion,
they did engage in “proceedings” as that word is used in the rule. They contend that there was no
period of inactivity that would make their case subject to involuntary dismissal. They argue that
“the word ‘proceeding’ as used in Rule 41(b) must be broadly construed to include any step or
measure taken in either the prosecution or the defense of the action, except a continuance.”
Taylor v. Smith, 171 W.Va. 665, 667, 301 S.E.2d 621, 624 (1983) (quoting Syl. Pt. 1, in part,
Millar v. Whittington, 87 W.Va. 664, 105 S.E. 907 (1921)). They also rely upon Vozniak v.
Winans that said: “Rule 41(b) allows an involuntary dismissal only after no activity has been
taken in a case for more than one year.” Id., 191 W.Va. 228, 229-30, 445 S.E.2d 169, 170-71
(1994).

        To support their argument that there were “proceedings” during the thirteen-month
period, the Raabs point out that on June 17, 2011, they paid a twenty dollar fee to the circuit
clerk so that their case would remain on the court’s docket. This fee was paid pursuant to West
Virginia Code § 59-1-11(b)(11), pertaining to fees for cases remaining on the docket longer than
three years.2 We find this argument to be unavailing. The fee payment to the clerk’s office
simply maintained the status quo, it did nothing to further the prosecution of the case. Moreover,
Rule 41(b) grants a court authority to dismiss a case when an action is pending for more than one
year with no order or proceeding, “or” when the plaintiff is delinquent in the payment of accrued
court costs. The use of the disjunctive “or” indicates that dismissal for lack of an order or
proceeding is a separate ground for dismissal from the failure to pay court costs. If a plaintiff
could maintain a case on the docket indefinitely by doing nothing more than paying a small
annual court cost, then other provisions of Rule 41(b) would be frustrated.

        The Raabs also argue that the parties had informal discussions about conducting a second
mediation. The Raabs assert that a mediator was agreed upon, but no mediation date was set.
Marshall denies agreeing to mediate during the thirteen-month period. Marshall asserts that the
parties engaged in an unsuccessful mediation in 2010, and nothing had changed in the interim.
Marshall asserts that despite requests, the Raabs failed to provide a date when their expert
contractor could be deposed; they never identified an expert architect or provided any report that
shows Marshall was negligent; and, after years of litigation, the Raabs never specified a
monetary value for their alleged damages.

        The record on appeal contains two e-mails sent by the Raabs’ lawyer—sent on April 3
and May 4, 2012, respectively—where the Raabs’ lawyer inquired of Marshall’s lawyers about
their availability for mediation. However, there is no evidence in the appellate record to prove
that Marshall or his lawyers agreed to mediate during the months leading up to their Rule 41(b)

       2
           In 2012, this subsection was redesignated as West Virginia Code § 59-1-11(b)(10).
                                                  3
motion. In light of the dearth of evidence, we cannot conclude that the circuit court abused its
discretion in rejecting the Raabs’ argument that mediation was planned.

        The Raabs also assert that the circuit court dismissed their case two months after they
obtained a new trial date and new scheduling order. They set this scheduling conference and
obtained this order after the Rule 41(b) motion was filed. Inasmuch as the motion to dismiss was
pending, and more than a year of inactivity had already occurred, we do not find this after-the­
fact action by the Raabs to be persuasive.

        It is undisputed that the circuit court did not enter any orders for more than one year
preceding the Rule 41(b) motion. Also, there were no hearings, depositions or other discovery,
witness disclosures, or other litigation activity during this period. Even using a broad definition
of the term “proceedings” as proposed by the Raabs, we find no abuse of discretion in the circuit
court’s conclusion that no proceedings occurred in excess of one year. Thus, the case was subject
to dismissal under Rule 41(b).

                       IV. Failure to establish good cause for the delay

       Upon concluding that the case was subject to dismissal under Rule 41(b), the next step is
to examine whether the Raabs showed good cause for their inactivity. We have previously
discussed what a plaintiff must do to avoid dismissal for inactivity:

       “[B]efore a case may be dismissed under Rule 41(b), [a plaintiff may avoid
       dismissal by showing good cause for the delay in prosecuting the case.] . . . [T]he
       plaintiff bears the burden of going forward with evidence as to good cause for not
       dismissing the action; if the plaintiff does come forward with good cause, the
       burden then shifts to the defendant to show substantial prejudice to it in allowing
       the case to proceed; if the defendant does show substantial prejudice, then the
       burden of production shifts to the plaintiff to establish that the proffered good
       cause outweighs the prejudice to the defendant. . . . [T]he court, in weighing the
       evidence of good cause and substantial prejudice, should also consider (1) the
       actual amount of time involved in the dormancy of the case, (2) whether the
       plaintiff made any inquiries to his or her counsel about the status of the case
       during the period of dormancy, and (3) other relevant factors bearing on good
       cause and substantial prejudice. . . .” Syllabus Point 3, in part, Dimon v. Mansy,
       198 W.Va. 40, 479 S.E.2d 339 (1996).

Syl. Pt. 1, Caruso, 223 W.Va. at 546, 678 S.E.2d at 52. The Raabs’ “good cause” arguments are
that settlement discussions were underway; that fundamental fairness and due process principles
favor adjudication on the merits; and that Marshall would not suffer prejudice if the case were
reinstated.

        After carefully considering the arguments and the circuit court’s orders, and in light of
our analysis above, we do not find any abuse of discretion in the circuit court’s dismissal and
refusal to reinstate the case. This lawsuit had been pending for four years when the Rule 41(b)
motion was filed—and the companion litigation against Saville Construction had begun two
years before that. The previous motion to exclude witnesses or to dismiss the case concerned the
Raabs’ failure to identify an expert witness and to produce another expert witness for deposition,
yet another year passed and the Raabs failed to address these issues. Now, after the delays, the
                                                4

Raabs argue that they do not need an expert architect to prove their case, but this argument does
not address their failure to complete discovery or take other action to prosecute the case.

        The Raabs argue that Marshall did not suffer substantial prejudice by the delay, but under
Syllabus Point 3 of Dimon, a defendant does not have to prove substantial prejudice unless the
plaintiff first comes forward with evidence of good cause for the delay. Id., 198 W.Va. at 546,
678 S.E.2d at 52. In this case, the Raabs have not presented evidence of good cause for the delay.

        Finally, the Raabs contend that the circuit court did not make sufficient findings of fact
and conclusions of law in its orders. We disagree. The court cited the relevant law, explained
how long the case had been pending, and explained plaintiffs’ inactivity. We find that the orders
are sufficient for appellate review.

                                         V. Conclusion

        In light of our deferential standard of review, and after a review of the parties’ arguments
and the record on appeal, we are not left with a firm conviction that an error has been committed
in this case. See Caruso, 223 W.Va. at 547, 678 S.E.2d at 53. For the foregoing reasons, we
affirm.

                                                                                         Affirmed.

ISSUED: November 8, 2013

CONCURRED IN BY:

Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Allen H. Loughry II

DISQUALIFIED:

Chief Justice Brent D. Benjamin




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