            IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA


Ari Merretazon and                              :
James Abram,                                    :
                  Appellants                    :
                                                :
               v.                               :
                                                :   No. 354 C.D. 2018
City Council of Philadelphia                    :   Argued: March 12, 2019



BEFORE:        HONORABLE ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge
               HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
               HONORABLE CHRISTINE FIZZANO CANNON, Judge


OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE FIZZANO CANNON                             FILED: April 3, 2019


               Ari Merretazon (Merretazon) and James Abram (Abram) appeal the
February 14, 2018 order of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County (trial
court) granting the City Council of Philadelphia’s (Council) motion for summary
judgment. On appeal, we are asked to determine whether the trial court erred in
granting summary judgment in favor of Council because Merretazon and Abram, as
non-residents of Philadelphia County, have no distinct special interest beyond that
of the general public in Section 11 of the Act of June 11, 1935, P.L. 326 (Act), as
amended, 16 P.S. § 8072 (Section 11),1 which concerns the appointment of a director
of veterans’ affairs in Philadelphia County. For the reasons that follow, we reverse
the trial court’s order and remand the matter for further proceedings.

      1
          Added by Section 1 of the Act of June 21, 1947, P.L. 898.
                 On August 30, 2016, Merretazon and Abram, both combat veterans of
the Vietnam War, advocates for a veterans’ organization called Pointman Soldiers
Heart Ministry, and residents of Cheltenham Township, Montgomery County, and
Yeadon Borough, Delaware County, respectively, together filed the instant Civil
Action In Mandamus (Complaint) seeking to compel Council to appoint a director
of veterans’ affairs for Philadelphia County pursuant to Section 11, which requires
that the county commissioners of first class counties in Pennsylvania2 appoint a
director of veterans’ affairs.3 Merretazon and Abram alleged that Merretazon had
applied for the position of director of veterans’ affairs and was not hired. Complaint
at 3, ¶18. Council filed an answer to the complaint and new matter on December 7,
2016.4 Merretazon and Abram filed a response the following day. Discovery closed

       2
          Philadelphia County is currently the Commonwealth’s only first class county. See
http://www.pacourts.us/news-and-statistics/research-and-statistics/dashboard-table-of-
contents/resources/WebHelp/General_Information/County_Class.htm (last visited Apr. 1, 2019).
       3
         The Complaint further alleged damages for lost wages arising from Council’s failure to
hire Merretazon as said director of veterans’ affairs when he applied for the position in November
2013. Merretazon and Abram abandoned this claim for damages and lost wages in response to
Council’s December 29, 2017 motion for summary judgment discussed infra, and therefore, we
need not address it.
       4
           As the trial court noted:

                 [Council] raised several affirmative defenses, including asserting
                 that: 1) [Merretazon and Abram] failed to state a claim upon which
                 relief could be granted; 2) [Merretazon’s and Abram’s] claims were
                 time-barred by the statute of limitations; 3) 16 P.S. § 8072 did not
                 create a cognizable private cause of action; and[] 4) subsequent
                 amendments to the Pennsylvania Constitution superseded § 8072
                 and rendered it without legal force. Although [Council] later
                 asserted that [Merretazon and Abram] lacked standing to bring the
                 instant suit in Philadelphia County, as neither is a resident, [Council]
                 failed to raise this argument in preliminary objections to the
                 Complaint or in its Answer, resulting in [Council’s] waiver of the
                 issue of [Merretazon’s and Abram’s] procedural capacity to bring

                                                    2
on June 5, 2017, and the matter was listed for a trial to begin on February 26, 2018.
On December 29, 2017, Council filed Defendant Philadelphia City Council’s Motion
for Summary Judgment Nunc Pro Tunc (Motion for Summary Judgment).5
Merretazon and Abram filed a brief in opposition on January 23, 2018. On February
14, 2018, the trial court granted summary judgment in Council’s favor on all claims.
The trial court found that, as non-residents of Philadelphia County, Merretazon and
Abram could not claim substantive benefits under Sections 1-12 of the Act6 and
further lacked, for the purpose of bringing a mandamus action, an interest greater


               suit. See In re Estate of Alexander, 758 A.2d 182, 189 (Pa. Super.
               2000) (“Challenges to a litigant’s capacity to sue must be raised by
               way of preliminary objections or answer.”).

Trial Court Opinion at 1, n.1.

               While [Merretazon and Abram] were correct that [Council] waived
               the issue of procedural standing, in the sense of [Merretazon’s and
               Abram’s] legal capacity to sue, [Merretazon and Abram] failed to
               appreciate that the issue of standing, in the sense of a plaintiff’s clear
               legal right, independent and distinguishable from the interest of the
               general public, for the performance of a ministerial act or mandatory
               duty by defendant, is an essential element in a mandamus action
               which [Merretazon and Abram] bore a non-waivable burden of
               proof to establish.

Trial Court Opinion at 9-10, n.10 (emphasis in original).
       5
         The trial court’s case management order required pre-trial motions to be filed by July 3,
2017. Council then filed Defendant Philadelphia City Council’s Motion for Summary Judgment
Nunc Pro Tunc on November 8, 2017, but withdrew that motion by praecipe filed on November
14, 2017. On December 29, 2017, Council filed the instant Motion for Summary Judgment Nunc
Pro Tunc, which was substantially similar to the preceding motion. See Motion for Summary
Judgment. In reversing the grant of summary judgment, our disposition makes it unnecessary to
address the trial court’s allowance of the late filed motion for summary judgment.
       6
        16 P.S. §§ 8061 – 8073. Section 5.1 of the Act, 16 P.S. § 8066, was added by Section 2
of the Act of May 21, 1943, P.L. 294. Sections 9-10 and 12 of the Act, 16 P.S. §§ 8070-8071,
8073, were added by Section 1 of the Act of June 21, 1947, P.L. 898.

                                                   3
than that of the general public in the enforcement of Section 11. See Trial Court
Opinion at 9-12. This timely appeal followed.
               On appeal,7 Merretazon and Abram claim the trial court erred in
granting summary judgment on their mandamus claim based solely on the fact
Merretazon and Abram were not residents of Philadelphia County, arguing that there
are outstanding issues of material fact and that Council was not entitled to judgment
as a matter of law. See generally Merretazon’s and Abram’s Brief. Merretazon and
Abram claim that residence in Philadelphia County is not required for veterans or
their families to receive benefits under the Act and that, as veterans, they have an
interest sufficient to bring an action in mandamus to require Council’s compliance
with Section 11. Id.
               “Mandamus is an extraordinary writ and is a remedy used to compel
performance of a ministerial act or a mandatory duty.” Council of City of Phila. v.
Street, 856 A.2d 893, 896 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2004). As this Court has explained:

               In order to obtain a writ of mandamus, the [plaintiff] must
               demonstrate: (1) a clear legal right for the performance of
               the ministerial act or mandatory duty, (2) a corresponding
               duty in the [defendant] to perform the ministerial act or
               mandatory duty, and (3) the absence of any other
               appropriate or adequate remedy.




       7
          This Court’s scope of review of the granting of a motion for summary judgment is
plenary; the standard of review is whether the trial court committed an error of law or abused its
discretion. Borough of Riegelsville v. Miller, 639 A.2d 1258, 1261 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1994). Summary
judgment is proper only where there is no genuine issue concerning any material fact and the
moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Bailets v. Pa. Tpk. Comm’n, 123 A.3d
300, 304 (Pa. 2015). In considering a motion for summary judgment, the record must be viewed
in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, and all doubts as to whether a genuine issue
exists are resolved against the moving party. Id.

                                                4
Id. To establish a clear right to the performance of a ministerial act or duty for
mandamus purposes, a private plaintiff must show that he or she has a special interest
in the act or duty to be performed independent of the interest of the general public.
See Stodghill v. Pa. Dep’t of Corr., 150 A.3d 547, 550–51 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2016), aff’d,
177 A.3d 182 (Pa. 2018) (quoting Douros v. Newtown Twp., 530 A.2d 1002, 1003
(Pa. Cmwlth. 1987)); see also Carino v. Bd. of Comm’rs of Armstrong Cty., 468
A.2d 1201, 1205 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1983) (“a private litigant may institute a mandamus
action to enforce a public duty only when that plaintiff has an individual and
beneficial interest in the litigation independent of that which is held by the public at
large” (internal quotation marks omitted)). Without such an interest, a private
plaintiff lacks standing to bring a mandamus action. Id.
                Generally, a number of provisions of the Act concerning veterans are
intended to benefit those veterans and widows who legally reside8 within a given
first class county, which here is Philadelphia County. See 16 P.S. §§ 8062-8071.
Specifically, Section 2 of the Act (“Sum to be spent”), 16 P.S. § 8062, provides for
a certain sum for funeral expenses and describes as beneficiaries “every deceased
service person having a legal residence in any county of the first class in this

       8
           The Act defines “legal residence” as follows:

                The term “legal residence” as used in this act shall be construed as
                synonymous with “domicile”, and is hereby defined as actual
                residence, coupled with intention that it shall be permanent, or a
                residence presently fixed with no definite intention of changing it or
                of returning to a former residence at some future period. Legal
                residence is to be determined by abode of person, and his or her
                intention to abandon his or her former domicile and establish a new
                one. The legal residence of a deceased service person shall be prima
                facie in the county where he or she made his or her abode at the time
                of his or her death.

Section 1 of the Act, 16 P.S. § 8061.
                                                  5
Commonwealth at the time of his or her death” or deceased service persons buried
within the county; Section 3 of the Act (“Burial of widows of deceased service
persons”), 16 P.S. § 8063, provides funeral expense funds for “any widow of any
male, deceased service person who, at the time of her death, had a legal residence in
the county”; Section 5 of the Act (“Markers for graves; headstones”), 16 P.S. § 8065,
provides benefits for grave markers and/or headstones to be placed on the graves of
deceased service persons “who, at the time of his or her death, had his or her legal
residence in the county,” or who were buried in the county; Section 5.1 of the Act
(“Proof of service, et cetera”), 16 P.S. § 8066, requires proof of service and proof of
“legal residence within the county” of the deceased service person or widow; 9
Section 6 of the Act (“Care of graves and markers”), 16 P.S. § 8067, Section 7 of
the Act (“Flags to decorate graves”), 16 P.S. § 8068, Section 8 of the Act
(“Compilation of war records”), 16 P.S. § 8069, and Section 9 of the Act
(“Information for war records”), 16 P.S. § 8070, concern the maintenance of graves
located within the county and service information on those deceased service persons
buried there; and Section 10 of the Act (Voluntary assistance by veterans’
organizations), 16 P.S. § 8071, authorizes certain veterans’ organizations to collect
information on burial places within the county. 16 P.S. §§ 8062-8071.
               Section 11 of the Act, 16 P.S. § 8072, specifically provides as follows:
               Directors of veterans’ affairs

               For the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of
               this act, the county commissioners shall appoint a director
               of veterans’ affairs who shall receive such compensation


       9
          To the extent Section 5.1 of the Act provides, in subsection (4), “Except in cases where
persons not having legal residence within this Commonwealth are entitled to any of the benefits
of this act,” this refers to persons buried in Philadelphia County. See 16 P.S. § 8066(4).
                                                6
             as the salary board may fix. It shall be the duty of the
             director of veterans’ affairs to:

             (1) Assist the county commissioners in administering the
             provisions of this act relating to the burial of deceased
             service persons and their widows, and to furnishing
             markers and placing headstones on their graves.

             (2) Assist war veterans and their families in securing their
             rights as such in matters relating to their person, property,
             and care of family under any of the laws of this
             Commonwealth and of the United States, and for such
             services the grave registrar shall be entitled to his expenses
             incurred therein and additional compensation, and both
             expenses and compensation shall be subject to the
             approval of the salary board or county commissioners, as
             the case may be.

             (3) Carry into effect the provisions of this act relating to
             the compilation of war records.

             (4) Perform all other duties heretofore performed by the
             veterans’ grave registrar.

             The veterans’ grave registrar of each county in office on
             the effective date of this act, shall continue in the office of
             director of veterans’ affairs, and as such be subject to the
             provisions of existing law.

16 P.S. § 8072. Effectively, Section 11 requires that the county commissioners of
first class counties in Pennsylvania – Philadelphia County – appoint an individual to
serve as “director of veterans’ affairs” to provide various services to deceased
veterans and their widows, including burial services and grave markers for deceased
veterans and their widows, assisting veterans and their families in asserting rights
and benefits under local, state, and federal law, compiling service records, and
maintaining a registry of deceased veterans buried in the county. 16 P.S. § 8072.

                                           7
             Here, the Complaint concedes that neither Merretazon nor Abram are
residents of Philadelphia County. See Complaint at 2, ¶¶ 1-2 & 4-5. However, as
Section 11 lacks an express residency requirement, the residency requirement for the
position of director of veterans’ affairs falls under Section 3-306 of the Philadelphia
Home Rule Charter, effective January 7, 1952, which provides as follows:
             § 3-306. Citizenship and Residence.

             All officers and employees of the City shall be citizens of
             the United States. It shall not be necessary for the
             Managing Director, the Director of Finance, the Personnel
             Director, any appointed department head or any other
             employee not in the civil service to be a resident of the
             City at the time of his appointment but residence in the
             City must be acquired within six months thereafter.
             Appointed members of boards and commissions shall be
             residents of the City or of a county of the Commonwealth
             of Pennsylvania adjacent to the City.
Phila., Pa., Home Rule Charter art. III, ch. 3, § 3-306 (amended 2018).
             The trial court based its decision to grant summary judgment solely on
the fact that neither plaintiff was a resident of Philadelphia County, finding that
Merretazon and Abram lacked the necessary special interest to bring the mandamus
action. Trial Court Opinion at 11 (noting that the “admissions in the complaint” that
plaintiffs were not residents of Philadelphia County “were fatal to plaintiffs’
mandamus claim”). However, we disagree.
             Section 11 does not include a county residence-based limitation on
whom the commissioners may appoint or who may serve as the director of veterans’
affairs. Additionally, Section 11 provides that the director of veterans’ affairs will
“[a]ssist war veterans and their families in securing their rights as such in matters
relating to their person, property, and care of family under any of the laws of this
Commonwealth and of the United States” without limiting assistance to residents of

                                          8
Philadelphia. 16 P.S. § 8072. The trial court incorrectly found Merretazon’s and
Abram’s residency to be the only relevant issue in determining the motion for
summary judgment and failed to consider any other material facts in determining
Merretazon and Abrams could not bring the mandamus action as a matter of law. In
considering whether Merretazon and Abrams have a special interest independent and
distinct from the general public for mandamus purposes, other issues of fact beyond
Merretazon’s and Abram’s residence must be examined by the trial court. For
example, Merretazon and Abram sought to compel Council to appoint a director of
veterans’ affairs, a position that Merretazon sought to personally fill.10 Complaint
at 3, ¶ 18. The fact that Merretazon sought and was refused the position which he
seeks to have filled could serve to give him a special interest in the benefit of having
a director of veterans’ affairs appointed, an interest separate and distinct from that
held by the general public. Moreover, Merretazon and Abram are war veterans and
advocates for a veterans association that assists veterans who reside in Philadelphia.
Complaint at 2, ¶¶ 1-2 & 4-6. The trial court acknowledges that “deeper analysis
may have been required if plaintiffs were veterans and Philadelphia County
residents[.]” Trial Court Opinion at 11 (emphasis in original). Because their lack
of residency is not determinative of their interest in the director of veterans’ affairs
position, the court erred in granting summary judgment solely on that basis and
without analyzing any other facts at issue. Accordingly, we reverse the trial court’s
order and remand the matter for further proceedings.


                                             __________________________________
                                             CHRISTINE FIZZANO CANNON, Judge
       10
           Despite argument to the contrary, the fact that Merretazon abandoned his claim for
damages for lost wages due to the failure to hire him does not mean that he no longer has a special
interest in having the Section 11 director of veterans’ affairs position filled.
                                                9
         IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA


Ari Merretazon and                         :
James Abram,                               :
                  Appellants               :
                                           :
            v.                             :
                                           :   No. 354 C.D. 2018
City Council of Philadelphia               :


                                    ORDER


            AND NOW, this 3rd day of April, 2019, the February 14, 2018 order
of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County granting the City Council of
Philadelphia’s motion for summary judgment is REVERSED, and the matter is
REMANDED for further proceedings.
            Jurisdiction relinquished.




                                         __________________________________
                                         CHRISTINE FIZZANO CANNON, Judge
