                                                                                                                           Opinions of the United
2008 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


11-25-2008

Liu v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 07-1303




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"Liu v. Atty Gen USA" (2008). 2008 Decisions. Paper 198.
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                                                               NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                ___________

                                    No. 07-1303
                                    ___________

                                  QIAO MIAO LIU,
                                             Petitioner

                                          v.

                ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES,
                                                       Respondent
                   ____________________________________

                         On Petition for Review of an Order
                        of the Board of Immigration Appeals
                               BIA No. A95-862-218
                      (U.S. Immigration Judge: Annie S. Garcy)
                     ____________________________________

                  Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                 October 15, 2008
     Before: SCIRICA, Chief Judge, CHAGARES and ALDISERT, Circuit Judges

                             (Filed: November 25, 2008 )
                                     ___________

                             OPINION OF THE COURT
                                  ___________

PER CURIAM.

      Qiao Miao Liu petitions for review of an order of the Board of Immigration

Appeals (BIA), which sustained the Government’s appeal and reversed the Immigration
Judge’s decision that had granted her asylum. For the reasons that follow, we will grant

the petition and remand for further proceedings.

       Liu is a female native of China’s Fujian Province who seeks asylum due to fear of

forced abortion or forced sterilization if she is returned to her home country. After

arriving in the United States, Liu married a Chinese native.1 She and her husband had

two daughters in the United States, one born in 2003 and one born in 2005. A.R. 169.

Liu testified before the Immigration Judge (IJ) that she would face forced sterilization in

China because her daughters were not properly spaced–under Chinese law, she should

have waited five years before giving birth to a second child. A.R. 170. Liu and her

husband also testified that they desired to have more children. A.R. 175, 215, 270. Liu

testified that her mother, mother-in-law, and two aunts had each been forcibly sterilized

after having between one and five children, to enforce China’s population control policy.

A.R. 170-71, A.R. 222-23.

       The Immigration Judge granted Liu asylum. She found that Liu’s two U.S. citizen

children would return with her to China if she were deported; that they likely would be

discovered by the authorities; that she and her husband intended to have more children;

and that she had a reasonable and well-founded fear that any attempt to do so would result

in forced abortion or forced sterilization. The IJ based these conclusions both on


   1
     Liu’s husband was under a final deportation order when they married. He was taken
into custody by immigration authorities during the pendency of Liu’s removal
proceedings and it appears he may have been removed. A.R. 77; 507.

                                             2
governmental reports in the record and on Liu’s testimony concerning her relatives who

had been forcibly sterilized.

       The BIA reversed the IJ’s decision and ordered that Liu be removed. It found that

Liu’s fear of forced sterilization was too speculative, basing this conclusion solely on a

2002 State Department Report (released in 2003), which noted that China simply required

payment of a “social compensation” fee by families that exceeded the child allowance,

and that even this policy was only sporadically enforced. A.R. 3. The BIA found that Liu

had failed to meet her burden of proof “in the absence of any additional evidence which

would support her fear.” Id. The BIA did not mention Liu’s testimony about the specific

conditions in her home city and the experiences of her immediate family members. Nor

did the BIA discuss other portions of the record that the IJ found supported Liu’s claims.2

       Although this court is generally deferential to decisions of the BIA, agency

determinations must be supported by substantial evidence. See, e.g., Dia v. Ashcroft, 353

F.3d 228, 248 (3d Cir. 2003). In this case, the BIA overturned the IJ’s thoroughly


   2
     For example, the IJ noted that although a report produced by the Immigration and
Naturalization Service indicated that Chinese scholars who studied abroad, had children
overseas, and then returned to China might be treated in a lenient fashion [A.R. 309],
there was no evidence that someone like Liu, who is not a scholar, would receive similar
lenient treatment. A.R. 88. In fact, the IJ noted that the State Department’s June 2004
profile of Chinese asylum claims stated that “a family with a U.S.-born child or children
receives no special treatment under family planning laws.” A.R. 88, 440. The IJ noted
that the Profile stated that U.S. diplomats in China were unaware of any cases of Chinese
returnees who were forcibly sterilized, but the same Profile also acknowledges “huge
gaps in our knowledge due to China’s size and political culture, communications
limitations, and a frequent lack of cooperation from authorities.” A.R. 88-89, 432, 440.

                                              3
reasoned decision to grant asylum in a general and cursory two-page opinion. A review

of the IJ’s decision and the administrative record reveal that the BIA’s conclusion that Liu

failed to introduce any specific evidence to support her fear of forced sterilization is not

supported by substantial evidence. While the BIA may have had other reasons for

denying Liu’s asylum claim, we are not free to guess what those reasons might be.

       The petition for review is granted, and the proceedings remanded to the BIA to

permit the agency to demonstrate that substantial evidence supports the BIA’s decision.

I.N.S. v. Ventura, 537 U.S. 12 (2002). (“. . . the proper course, except in rare

circumstances, is to remand to the agency for additional investigation or explanation.”).

In light of the BIA’s failure to acknowledge and discuss the evidence that Liu submitted,

such a remand is necessary.




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