Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS:                                      Mar 25 2013, 9:35 am


OCTAVIA FLORENCE SNULLIGAN
Indianapolis, Indiana




                              IN THE
                    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

REV. CARL Z. LIGGINS and THE BOARD   )
OF TRUSTEES OF MT. OLIVE MISSIONARY  )
BAPTIST CHURCH, INC.,                )
                                     )
     Appellants-Defendants,          )
                                     )
            vs.                      )                    No. 49A02-1203-CT-184
                                     )
WILLIAM BAGLEY, RAYMOND GAINES,      )
GREG MERRIWEATHER, STEVIE BONDS,     )
CURTIS GODFREY, and ZEB GAITHWRIGHT, )
                                     )
     Appellees-Plaintiffs.           )


                     APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT
                         The Honorable Theodore M. Sosin, Judge
                            Cause No. 49D02-1011-CT-48705



                                         March 25, 2013


                MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION


KIRSCH, Judge
       Rev. Carl Z. Liggins (“Rev. Liggins”) and the Board of Trustees of Mt. Olive

Missionary Baptist Church, Inc. (“the Trustees”) (collectively “Appellants”) appeal the

trial court’s order directing Mount Olive Missionary Baptist Church (“the Church”) to

hold a general meeting to consider the retention of Rev. Liggins. Appellants raise the

following restated issue for our review: whether the trial court erred when it concluded

that the Church failed to follow the procedures set out in its bylaws regarding the

extension of Rev. Liggins’s contract.

       We reverse.

                       FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

       The Church is a corporation, organized and existing under the laws of the State of

Indiana, with one of its places of business located at 1003 West 16th Street, Indianapolis,

Marion County, Indiana. The Church adopted a set of bylaws that were most recently

ratified on March 29, 2008. Sometime in 2008, the members of the Church began a

search for a new pastor. As part of the process, members of the Church were given the

opportunity to vote for one of the three pastor candidates identified by the Church’s Joint

Board and to approve the terms of the pastoral contract. At the conclusion of the process,

Rev. Liggins was chosen to be the new pastor and signed a two-year contract with the

Church, which expired on August 28, 2010.

       During Rev. Liggins’s employment as pastor under the two-year contract, no

performance evaluations were administered, and no survey information regarding Rev.

Liggins was taken from the membership of the Church. On or about August 26, 2010,

the Trustees, and others acting at the Trustees’ direction, entered into a new contract with

                                             2
Rev. Liggins. Although Rev. Liggins’s salary remained the same as under the first

contract, the new contract was for a term of six years. The new contract took effect on

August 28, 2010. Prior to the signing of the new contract, the Trustees did not present

the contract to the members of the Church for approval nor did they do so at any time

after the contract was signed. The new contract was presented to the Joint Board for

approval.

      The pertinent bylaws of the Church state:

      Article 10, § 4 – Pastoral Contract

      The Pastor must sign a contract. The term of the pastoral contract shall be
      negotiated. A Committee established by the Joint Board, with survey input
      from the Congregation, shall administer annual performance evaluations.

      Article 10, § 5 – Pastoral Relationship

      The pastoral relationship shall continue for an indefinite term, so long as
      such relationship is mutually satisfactory to the Pastor and the
      congregation. . . .

      ....

      Article 10, § 7 – Dissolution of Pastoral Relationship

      a. The pastoral relationship may be closed by the pastor upon one month’s
         advance notice. . . .
      b. The Church, at a duly called meeting and upon recommendation of the
         Deacons, may dissolve the pastoral relationship provided that a notice of
         such intended action shall have been sent by United States Postal
         Service to each member (except those on the inactive membership list).
         Said notice shall be sent at least one week prior to the date of the
         meeting. When the Church has taken such action, written notice shall
         be given to the Pastor.
      c. The termination of the pastoral relationship shall be validated by a
         majority vote of those present and voting.



                                            3
Appellants’ App. at 51-52. The bylaws contained no set procedure for the renewal of a

pastoral contract.

       On November 9, 2010, William Bagley, Raymond Gaines, Greg Merriweather,

Stevie Bonds, Curtis Godfrey, and Zeb Gaithwright, members of the Church,

(collectively “Appellees”) filed a complaint for declaratory judgment, seeking to set aside

the new contract entered into between the Trustees and Rev. Liggins. The complaint

alleged that the contract was invalid because the bylaws of the Church were not followed.

Evidence was heard at hearings on September 30, 2011 and November 16, 2011. On

February 14, 2012, the trial court issued its findings of fact, conclusions thereon, and

order, finding that Appellees had established by a preponderance of the evidence that the

Trustees deviated from their usual practice in failing to present their recommendations to

members of the congregation for their vote and approval. Id. at 10. The trial court

ordered the Church to call a general meeting of its members to consider the retention of

Rev. Liggins and the terms and conditions of his contract. Id. at 13. Appellants now

appeal.

                            DISCUSSION AND DECISION

       Initially, we note that Appellees have not filed an appellee’s brief. When the

appellee fails to file a brief, we need not undertake the burden of developing an argument

for the appellee. Tisdial v. Young, 925 N.E.2d 783, 784 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010) (citing

Trinity Homes, LLC v. Fang, 848 N.E.2d 1065, 1068 (Ind. 2006)). Rather, we will

reverse the trial court’s judgment if the appellant presents a case of prima facie error. Id.

at 784-85. “Prima facie error in this context is defined as, at first sight, on first

                                             4
appearance, or on the face of it.” Id. (quotation omitted). Where an appellant does not

meet this burden, we will affirm. Id.

       If a church or religious group elects to incorporate under the laws of this state,

then the courts have the power to consider and require that the corporation thus formed

comply with state law concerning such corporations. Lozanoski v. Sarafin, 485 N.E.2d

669, 671 (Ind. Ct. App. 1985), trans. denied. The basic law in Indiana is that courts will

not interfere with the internal affairs of a private organization unless a personal liberty or

property right is jeopardized. Id. (citing Orchard Ridge Country Club, Inc. v. Schrey, 470

N.E.2d 780, 782 (Ind. Ct. App. 1984)). Thus, the articles of incorporation and bylaws of

a not-for-profit corporation are generally considered to be a contract between the

corporation and its members and among the members themselves. Id.

       Appellants argue that the trial court erred in its decision because the Trustees

performed all of the necessary steps as promulgated in the bylaws before entering into the

new contract with Rev. Liggins. They contend that the new contract was for the exact

same salary, and the only difference between the two contracts was an extension of the

length of the contract from two years to six years. Further, Appellants assert that it was

error for the trial court to order the Church to hold a vote concerning the retention of Rev.

Liggins because no such provision related to voting on a pastor’s contract existed in the

bylaws. They claim that both the bylaws and Rev. Liggins’s first contract state that the

pastoral relationship was for an indefinite term as long as it was mutually beneficial for

both parties, and no formal removal was ever instituted.



                                              5
         We agree. The bylaws do not contain any procedure to follow for the renewal or

extension of the pastor’s contract. They contain a procedure to follow when a pastoral

search is conducted and when there is a dissolution of the pastoral relationship, but are

silent as to what procedure should be followed when an existing pastor’s contract needs

to be renewed or extended. Under the bylaws, the pastor must sign a contract, and the

terms of the pastoral contract shall be negotiated, both of which occurred here. See

Appellants’ App. at 51. The bylaws go on to state that the pastoral relationship shall

continue for an indefinite term, as long as the relationship is mutually satisfactory

between the pastor and the congregation. Id. Therefore, only if the pastoral relationship

becomes unsatisfactory to either the pastor or the congregation, can the relationship be

ended.

         It appears that the bylaws were followed by the Trustees in their dealings with

Rev. Liggins. In 2008, when the Church hired Rev. Liggins as its pastor, members of the

Church were given the opportunity to vote for one of the three candidates for pastor

identified by the Church’s Joint Board and to approve the terms of the pastoral contract

pursuant to the bylaws. Rev. Liggins emerged as the Church’s choice for the new pastor

and signed a two-year contract with the Church, which was to expire on August 28, 2010.

In July 2010, when Rev. Liggins’s contract was about to expire, the Trustees’ entered

into a new contract with Rev. Liggins for the term of six years at the same salary as the

original contract. The new contract was approved by the Trustees and the Joint Board,




                                            6
but not the congregation.1 Because there is no procedure in the bylaws concerning how a

contract renewal or extension with the pastor is to be handled, we cannot say that the

Trustees failed to follow the bylaws when it approved the new contract with Rev.

Liggins. If either the pastor or the congregation is no longer satisfied with the pastoral

relationship, there are procedures in place to dissolve such relationship, but as of the time

of this case, no such proceedings have been instituted. Using the prima facie standard of

review as we are required to do when the appellee fails to file a brief, we conclude that

the Appellants have established a prima facie case that the trial court erred in concluding

that the Trustees failed to follow the procedures set out in the bylaws concerning the

renewal or extension of the pastor’s contract.

        Reversed.

MATHIAS, J., and CRONE, J., concur.




        1
          The bylaws do contain a provision that states that the Trustees are responsible for authorizing
the “payments of all expenditures incurred in the carrying out of the general work of the Church within
the budget.” Appellants’ App. at 43. The bylaws state that if such expenditures are in excess of $5,000,
and are not items authorized by the budget, the Trustees are to inform the church. The parties agreed that
in matters involving expenses over $5,000, the Trustees customarily present their recommendations to the
congregation for their vote and approval prior to action being taken. Although Rev. Liggins’s contract
resulted in an expenditure over $5,000, this provision did not apply as it can be assumed that the pastor’s
salary was an item already authorized by the budget and not a new expenditure.

                                                    7
