    17-1771
    Ramos-De Lopez v. Whitaker
                                                                                    BIA
                                                                          Christensen, IJ
                                                                       A206 896 837/838

                          UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                 SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER
FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF
APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT=S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER
IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN
ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY
ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

         At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals
    for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall
    United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of
    New York, on the 8th day of January, two thousand nineteen.

    PRESENT:
             ROBERT A. KATZMANN,
                  Chief Judge,
             JON O. NEWMAN,
             GUIDO CALABRESI,
                  Circuit Judges.
    _____________________________________

    ROSA IRMA RAMOS-DE LOPEZ, CARLOS
    STANLEY LOPEZ-RAMOS,
             Petitioners,

                     v.                                          17-1771
                                                                 NAC
    MATTHEW G. WHITAKER, ACTING
    UNITED STATES ATTORNEY GENERAL,
             Respondent.
    _____________________________________

    FOR PETITIONERS:                  H. Raymond Fasano, New York, NY.

    FOR RESPONDENT:                   Chad A. Readler, Acting Assistant
                                      Attorney General; Russell J.E.
                                      Verby, Senior Litigation Counsel;
                                      John D. Williams, Trial Attorney,
                                      Office of Immigration Litigation,
                                      United States Department of
                                      Justice, Washington, DC.
    UPON DUE CONSIDERATION of this petition for review of a

Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision, it is hereby

ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the petition for review

is DENIED.

    Petitioner Rosa Irma Ramos-De Lopez and her son, Carlos

Stanley Lopez-Ramos, natives and citizens of El Salvador,

seek review of a May 8, 2017, decision of the BIA affirming

a December 7, 2016, decision of an Immigration Judge (“IJ”)

denying    their    applications     for     asylum,   withholding   of

removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture

(“CAT”).     In re Rosa Irma Ramos-De Lopez and Carlos Stanley

Lopez-Ramos, Nos. A 206 896 837/838 (B.I.A. May 8, 2017),

aff’g No. A 206 896 837/838 (Immig. Ct. N.Y. City Dec. 7,

2016).       We    assume   the   parties’     familiarity   with    the

underlying facts and procedural history in this case.

    Under the circumstances of this case, we have reviewed

the IJ’s decision as modified by the BIA, and address only

the adverse credibility determination.           See Xue Hong Yang v.

U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 426 F.3d 520, 522 (2d Cir. 2005).             The

applicable standards of review are well established.                 See

8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); Xiu Xia Lin v. Mukasey, 534 F.3d

162, 165-66 (2d Cir. 2008).        “Considering the totality of the

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circumstances, and all relevant factors, a trier of fact may

base a credibility determination on . . . the consistency

between the applicant’s . . . written and oral statements .

. . , the internal consistency of each such statement, [and]

the consistency of such statements with other evidence of

record . . . .”     8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii); see also Xiu

Xia Lin, 534 F.3d at 163-64.           The multiple inconsistencies

in Ramos-De Lopez’s statements provide substantial evidence

for the adverse credibility determination.

    The agency reasonably relied on the record of Ramos-De

Lopez’s     credible   fear     interview.        Although     “adverse

credibility determinations based on ‘discrepancies’ with a

credible fear interview should be examined with care,” the

interview     record   here      bears    sufficient      indicia    of

reliability.    See Ming Zhang v. Holder, 585 F.3d 715, 725 (2d

Cir. 2009).    The interview was conducted with an interpreter,

Ramos-De    Lopez   expressly    declined    to   have   her   attorney

present, the interview was memorialized in a question and

answer format, the questions posed were designed to elicit

details of Ramos-De Lopez’s asylum claim, and her responses

indicated that she understood the questions.             Id. (listing

“hallmarks of reliability”).

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    Given the reliability of the interview record,

substantial evidence supports the agency’s determination

that Ramos-De Lopez was not credible as to her claim that

members of El Salvador’s Mara gang targeted her and her son

on January 4, 2014, because she proselytized Catholicism in

gang territory.   Ramos-De Lopez’s statements at the

interview were inconsistent with her testimony regarding

the gang’s motive for targeting her and her son and she

added additional instances of persecution to her

application and testimony.   See 8 U.S.C.

§ 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii).   At her credible fear interview, she

said that the gang members targeted her on January 4

because she would not allow them to take her son away to

work for them carrying drugs. At that interview, she was

asked whether there was any other reason she feared going

back to El Salvador, and answered no. Ramos-De Lopez did

not compellingly explain these discrepancies.   See Majidi

v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 77, 80 (2d Cir. 2005) (“A petitioner

must do more than offer a plausible explanation for . . .

inconsistent statements to secure relief; [s]he must

demonstrate that a reasonable fact-finder would be

compelled to credit h[er] testimony.” (internal quotations

                              4
omitted)).    Although she now argues that the IJ failed to

consider a psychological report diagnosing her with post-

traumatic stress disorder, she failed to exhaust this issue

because she did not raise it before the BIA.             See Lin Zhong

v. Dep’t of Justice, 480 F.3d 104, 117-25 (2d Cir. 2007)

(describing issue exhaustion as mandatory).

      The agency also reasonably relied on Ramos-De Lopez’s

inconsistent testimony concerning when the gang members gave

her    brother      an   extortion       letter.       See     8    U.S.C.

§ 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii).          In    her     written    statement      and

testimony, Ramos-De Lopez asserted that she stopped staying

at her brother’s home when she saw people watching the house,

and she specified that after her departure, the gang members

delivered an extortion letter to her brother.                In contrast,

her brother wrote that his receipt of the note was the event

that prompted Ramos-De Lopez to return to her own home.

      Given   the    inconsistencies       between    Ramos-De     Lopez’s

statements    and    between   her       statements    and    documentary

evidence about the incidents central to her and her son’s

claim, the agency’s adverse credibility determination is

supported     by     substantial         evidence.       See       8 U.S.C.

§ 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii).      That determination was dispositive of

                                     5
asylum, withholding of removal, and CAT relief because all

three claims were based on the same factual predicate.     See

Paul v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d 148, 156-57 (2d Cir. 2006).

    For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is

DENIED.    As we have completed our review, any stay of removal

that the Court previously granted in this petition is VACATED,

and any pending motion for a stay of removal in this petition

is DISMISSED as moot.    Any pending request for oral argument

in this petition is DENIED in accordance with Federal Rule of

Appellate Procedure 34(a)(2), and Second Circuit Local Rule

34.1(b).

                              FOR THE COURT:
                              Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk




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