                                    COURT OF APPEALS
                                 EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
                                      EL PASO, TEXAS


                                                   §
 JESSE VASQUEZ,                                                      No. 08-17-00187-CR
                                                   §
                           APPELLANT,                                   Appeal from the
                                                   §
 V.                                                                   409th District Court
                                                   §
 THE STATE OF TEXAS,                                               of El Paso County, Texas

                             APPELLEE.             §                  (TC# 20130D02392)

                                     OPINION ON MOTION

       Appellant, Jesse Vasquez, is appealing his convictions for the capital murder of Miriam

Salas-Aguirre and the aggravated assault of Enrique Contreras. The appeal is before the Court on

Appellant’s motion requesting that we order a new trial due to the loss of a portion of the reporter’s

record. See TEX.R.APP.P. 34.6(f). The Court initiated an inquiry regarding the record when court

reporter Lisa DeMello did not timely file her portion of the reporter’s record. See TEX.R.APP.P.

35.3(c)(“The trial and appellate courts are jointly responsible for ensuring that the appellate record

is timely filed.”). We ordered the trial court to conduct a hearing to determine the status of the

reporter’s record and to make certain determinations pursuant to Rule 34.6(f). The record of the

remand hearing and the trial court’s findings have been filed.

       At our request, the parties have filed letter briefs addressing the issues. In his letter brief,

Appellant requests that we grant him a new trial due to the loss of this portion of the record.
Consequently, we have construed Appellant’s letter brief as a motion. Finding that Appellant has

not demonstrated that the missing portion of the record is necessary to the appeal, we deny

Appellant’s motion to order a new trial pursuant to Rule 34.6(f) and order that the appeal proceed

to briefing on the merits.

                                  PROCEDURAL SUMMARY

       The reporter’s record has been filed except for a portion of the trial transcribed by substitute

court reporter Lisa DeMello on May 22, 2017. When Ms. DeMello did not file her portion of the

reporter’s record, the Court ordered the trial court to conduct a hearing pursuant to Rule 34.6(f).

At the hearing, the parties stipulated that: (1) Appellant timely requested the reporter’s record; (2)

a significant part of the reporter’s record has been lost without any fault on the part of Appellant;

(3) the missing notes are lost and there is no electronic or other type of backup which would allow

for another court reporter to prepare the record; (4) the parties have not been able to agree to

substitute or replace the missing portion of the record; and (5) the missing portion of the record

includes the defendant’s pleas to the charges against him, the parties’ opening statements, and the

testimony of El Paso Police Officers Ana Artalejo and Ruben Villarreal. It is undisputed that the

exhibits admitted during this portion of the trial have not been lost and are included in the record.

       In its written findings of fact, the court determined that:

           •   the testimony of each police officer was ‘important and vital to the entirety of the
               jury trial;’

           •   the parties have a bona fide dispute regarding the substance of the missing portion
               of the reporter’s record;

           •   Appellant has shown that the merits of his appeal have been harmed by the missing
               portion of the reporter’s record;

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           •   Appellant has demonstrated that there actually was error found in the missing
               portion of the record that cannot be resolved with reasonable confidence of
               accuracy without the missing portion of the record;

           •   Appellant has shown that the merits of his appeal have been harmed by the missing
               portion of the reporter’s record; and

           •   the missing portion of the reporter’s record contains the predicate for admissibility
               of State’s Exhibits 1A-124 and all of Appellant’s objections to the same exhibits.

Additionally, the court included the following as conclusions of law:

           •   Appellant specifically articulated various points of error that occurred in the
               missing portion of the record;

           •   Appellant has demonstrated that there was error that cannot be resolved with
               reasonable confidence of accuracy without the missing portion of the reporter’s
               record; and

           •   Appellant has shown that the merits of his appeal have been harmed by the
               missing portion of the reporter’s record.

Based on these findings and conclusions, the trial court concluded that the missing reporter’s

record is necessary to the resolution of the appeal.

                        LOST PORTION OF REPORTER’S RECORD

       An appellant is entitled to a new trial due to a missing portion of the reporter’s record when:

(1) the appellant has timely requested the reporter’s record; (2) a significant portion of the court

reporter’s notes have been lost or destroyed without the appellant’s fault; (3) the lost or destroyed

portion of the reporter’s record is necessary to the appeal’s resolution; and (4) the lost or destroyed

portion of the reporter’s record cannot be replaced by agreement of the parties. TEX.R.APP.P.

34.6(f). The parties’ dispute is centered on the third element.

       To be entitled to a new trial under Rule 34.6(f), an appellant must show that the missing

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record is necessary to resolve the appeal. See TEX.R.APP.P.34.6(f)(3). This requirement did not

exist in Rule 34.6’s predecessor, former Rule 50(e). See Nava v. State, 415 S.W.3d 289, 306

(Tex.Crim.App. 2013), citing Gomez v. State, 962 S.W.2d 572, 574 (Tex.Crim.App. 1998)

(quoting from former Rule 50(e), which does not contain the requirement that the missing record

be necessary to the resolution of the appeal). The third element is essentially a harm analysis. See

Nava, 415 S.W.3d at 306; Routier v. State, 112 S.W.3d 554, 571-72 (Tex.Crim.App. 2003); Issac

v. State, 989 S.W.2d 754, 756–57 (Tex.Crim.App. 1999). If the missing portion of the record is

not necessary for the resolution of the appeal, then its loss is harmless and a new trial is not

required. Routier, 112 S.W.3d at 571-72; Issac, 989 S.W.2d at 757.

       Rule 34.6(f)(3)’s requirement that the missing record be necessary to resolution of the

appeal is meant to mitigate against the harshness of a rule that might require a new trial even when

no error actually occurred in the proceedings. Nava, 415 S.W.3d at 306. The appellant does not

satisfy his burden under Rule 34.6(f) by suggesting or speculating that the missing record or exhibit

might show error. See Routier, 112 S.W.3d at 571 (defendant’s suggestion that missing jury

instructions might have been erroneous did not demonstrate that the missing part of the record was

necessary to the appeal); Foster v. State, 525 S.W.3d 898, 907 (Tex.App.--Dallas 2017, pet.

ref’d)(defendant failed to show that missing portion of the record was necessary to the appeal

where he stated he could not determine what happened during the punishment phase of trial);

Jimenez v. State, 307 S.W.3d 325, 334 (Tex.App.--San Antonio 2009, pet. ref’d)(appellant’s

suggestion that missing portion of record potentially could have assisted him on appeal not

sufficient to show that the missing record is necessary to the appeal). The appellant must identify


                                                -4-
specific error and show that the missing record is necessary to its resolution. See Routier, 112

S.W.3d at 571; Foster, 525 S.W.3d at 907.

        The trial court’s determination that the missing portion of the record is necessary to the

appeal is a mixed question of law and fact which does not turn on an evaluation of credibility and

demeanor. Therefore, we will review it de novo. See Roman v. State, No. 08-13-00019-CR, 2014

WL 886877, at *2 (Tex.App.--El Paso Mar. 5, 2014, no pet.)(not designated for publication), citing

Guzman v. State, 955 S.W.2d 85, 89 (Tex.Crim.App. 1997)(mixed questions of law and fact not

turning on an evaluation of witness credibility and demeanor are reviewed de novo); see also Beal

v. State, No. 01-12-00896-CR, 2016 WL 1267805, at *6 (Tex.App.--Houston [1st Dist.] Mar. 31,

2016, no pet.)(mem. op., not designated for publication)(applying the Guzman v. State standard of

review when evaluating trial court’s conclusion of law that the appellant was entitled to a new

trial); Lucas v. State, No. 05-01-00078-CR, 2003 WL 21771333, at *4 (Tex.App.--Dallas Aug. 1,

2003, pet. ref’d)(not designated for publication)(determining that it would apply the Guzman v.

State standard when evaluating trial court’s findings and conclusions made in the context of Rule

34.6(f)).

        Appellant’s letter brief focuses on the significance of the police officers’ testimony and

argues that it is important to the appeal, but significance is not determinative of the requirement

that the record is necessary to the appeal. A showing of significance is part of the second element,

but it does not substitute for showing that the missing record is necessary to the resolution of the

appeal. Presumably, the testimony of every witness is significant to the case or the person would

not have been called as a witness. A witness’s testimony may be particularly significant, but if the


                                               -5-
appellant fails to show that error occurred during the testimony or that the witness’s testimony is

needed to resolve a claim of error raised on appeal, then the record of the testimony is not necessary

to resolution of the appeal under Rule 34.6(f)(3).

       Pointing to the admission of State’s Exhibits 1A through 124 during this portion of the

trial, Appellant argues that without the record it is unknown whether the State laid the proper

predicate for admission of each exhibit. Appellant has not identified any error which occurred

with respect to the admission of these exhibits. Assistant District Attorney James Montoya tried

the case and he testified at the remand hearing that he did not recall there being any objections to

the exhibits. Appellant did not introduce any evidence that he objected to the exhibits. Appellant’s

argument that it is unknown whether the State paid the proper predicate amounts to nothing more

than speculation that error might exist in the missing portion of the record. See Routier, 112

S.W.3d at 571; Foster, 525 S.W.3d at 907. Consequently, it is insufficient to show that the missing

portion of the record is necessary to the appeal. See Routier, 112 S.W.3d at 571.

       Appellant’s letter brief focuses on the trial court’s finding of fact that there is a bona fide

dispute between the parties regarding the substance of the officers’ testimony. This finding relates

to the fourth element that the record cannot be replaced by agreement of the parties. See

TEX.R.APP.P. 34.6(f)(4). During the hearing, the State relied on the officers’ written reports to

show the substance of their testimony. Appellant established through cross-examination of ADA

Montoya that while Officer Artalejo’s testimony comported with her report, portions of her

testimony were not included in the report. Thus, Appellant took the position that the officers’

reports could not be replaced by the actual record of the testimony. The trial court’s finding that


                                                -6-
there is a dispute regarding the substance of the officers’ testimony does not support the trial

court’s determination that the record is necessary to the appeal.

       At the hearing and in his letter brief, Appellant asserts that the first officer on the scene,

Ana Artalejo, testified about a hearsay statement made by a witness, Alma Dominguez. ADA

Montoya testified about his recollection of Artalejo’s testimony. When Artalejo arrived on the

scene, Dominguez was in a van and attempting to leave the scene with her children. Artalejo

prevented Dominguez from leaving and spoke with her. Artalejo observed that Dominguez had

bloody hands and was frantic, and she told Artalejo that Appellant had struck her and the deceased

victim, Miriam. ADA Montoya recalled that Appellant made a hearsay objection and might have

made a “confrontation” objection, but the State elicited testimony from Officer Artalejo to show

that it was an excited utterance and an ongoing emergency. The trial court overruled the

objections. Even though Appellant’s trial attorney was present and participated in the hearing, he

did not establish through cross-examination that ADA Montoya’s testimony regarding the hearsay

statement, the objections, and the trial court’s ruling was faulty. Further, he did not offer any

testimony to contradict ADA Montoya in this regard. Appellant asserts in his letter brief that ADA

Montoya’s testimony is not credible because he did not recall other portions of Officer Artalejo’s

testimony. The trial court did not make an express finding that ADA Montoya lacked credibility

with regard to admission of the hearsay statement. Appellant’s assertion that error occurred with

respect to admission of this hearsay statement is speculative and insufficient to support reversal

under Rule 34.6(f).

       We conclude that Appellant has not established that the missing record is necessary to the


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resolution of any issues he intends to raise on appeal. Accordingly, Appellant’s motion requesting

a new trial pursuant to Rule 34.6(f) is denied. It is ordered that Appellant’s brief on the merits is

due to be filed no later than thirty days from the date of this opinion.



September 5, 2018
                                               YVONNE T. RODRIGUEZ, Justice

Before McClure, C.J., Rodriguez, and Palafox, JJ.

(Do Not Publish)




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