                                                                 FILED
                                                     United States Court of Appeals
                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS         Tenth Circuit

                                    TENTH CIRCUIT                         November 25, 2014

                                                                         Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                             Clerk of Court
 EDWARD D. ROBBINS,

        Plaintiff - Appellant,

 v.                                                          No. 14-1350
                                                    (D.C. No. 1:14-CV-01032-LTB)
 COUNTY OF BOULDER; CITY OF                                    (D. Colo.)
 BOULDER; CITY AND COUNTY OF
 DENVER; STAN GARNETT; JOE
 PELLE; BRUCE HAAS; MEGHAN
 RING; KAREN FUKUTAKI; NELISSA
 MILFIELD; TYRONE SANDOVAL; ED
 TORRES; JEFFREY GOETZ;
 COUNTY/STATE PUBLIC ENTITY #1;
 JOHN/JANE DOE #1-9,

        Defendants - Appellees.


                                 ORDER AND JUDGMENT*


Before HARTZ, McKAY, and MATHESON, Circuit Judges.


       Edward D. Robbins is incarcerated under the custody of the Colorado Department

of Corrections. He filed a pro se complaint under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for money damages


       *After examining Appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this panel has
determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination
of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2) and 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not
binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and
collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed.
R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
and a motion to proceed in forma pauperis (“ifp”) in the United States District Court for

the District of Colorado. A magistrate judge ordered Mr. Robbins to cure deficiencies in

both his complaint and his ifp motion. Mr. Robbins filed an amended complaint asserting

11 claims. The district court screened the complaint before service on the Defendants

under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a) and dismissed it as legally frivolous under § 1915A(b)(1). It

further determined any appeal from the order would not be taken in good faith, and

denied Mr. Robbins’s ifp motion under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(3).

       Mr. Robbins appeals the district court’s decision and renews his ifp motion.

Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm the district court’s dismissal of

the complaint and deny Mr. Robbins’s ifp motion.

            I. STANDARD OF REVIEW AND LEGAL BACKGROUND

       Courts screen prisoner complaints seeking redress from a governmental entity or

officers thereof under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. A district court must dismiss the complaint

before service if it is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may

be granted. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1).

       A frivolous complaint “lacks an arguable basis either in law or in fact.” Neitzke v.

Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325 (1989). Judges can dismiss a claim as frivolous “based on

an indisputably meritless legal theory . . . [or on] factual contentions [that] are clearly

baseless.” Id. at 327. Thus, a frivolous complaint “embraces not only the inarguable

legal conclusion, but also the fanciful factual allegation.” Id. at 325. “Examples of

claims based on inarguable legal theories include those against which the defendants are



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undeniably immune from suit and those alleging an infringement of a legal interest that

clearly does not exist.” Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1109 (10th Cir. 1991).

        To determine whether a complaint has failed to state a claim, “[w]e review the

complaint for plausibility; that is, to determine whether the complaint includes enough

facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Young v. Davis, 554 F.3d

1254, 1256 (10th Cir. 2009) (quotations omitted); see also Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S.

662, 678 (2009); Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 556 (2007).

        Because Mr. Robbins is acting pro se, we liberally construe his pleadings. See

Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520-21 (1972). But “[t]he broad reading of the [pro se]

plaintiff’s complaint does not relieve the plaintiff of the burden of alleging sufficient

facts . . . . [C]onclusory allegations without supporting factual averments are insufficient

to state a claim on which relief can be based.” Hall, 935 F.2d at 1110.

        “[T]his court has not yet determined whether a dismissal pursuant to §1915A on

the ground that the complaint is legally frivolous is reviewed de novo or for abuse of

discretion.” Plunk v. Givens, 234 F.3d 1128, 1130 (10th Cir. 2000). Because we would

not reverse the district court’s decision under either standard, we need not resolve that

question. We review a dismissal for failure to state a claim de novo. Davis, 554 F.3d at

1256.

                                     II. DISCUSSION

        In his amended complaint, Mr. Robbins presented 11 claims, each of which

consisted of various sub-claims. The district court grouped the claims into the same 11



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categories, analyzed each of them, and dismissed each of them as legally frivolous under

28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1).

       We have examined the amended complaint and affirm the district court. We agree

Mr. Robbins’s claims were properly dismissed based on substantially the same analysis

as the district court provided. That analysis, however, supports dismissal of some of Mr.

Robbins’s sub-claims for failure to state a claim rather than frivolousness. In particular,

we agree Claims 4 and 6-11 were properly dismissed as legally frivolous under

§ 1915A(b)(1). Certain sub-claims within Claims 1-3 and 5, however, are more

appropriately dismissed for failure to state a claim.

       In sub-claims encompassed within Claims 1-3, Mr. Robbins contended he was

falsely arrested and imprisoned based on three different incidents. But Mr. Robbins did

not plead sufficient facts to make these claims plausible. He also contended in Claim 2

that Denver police subjected him to excessive force. Again, Mr. Robbins failed to plead

sufficient facts to make this claim plausible. Finally, several sub-claims in Claim 5 also

should be dismissed for the failure to state a claim. We otherwise concur with the district

court’s analysis.

       Failure to state a claim is a ground for dismissal under § 1915A(b)(1). And we

may affirm the district court’s dismissal on an alternative ground supported by the record.

United States v. Winningham, 140 F.3d 1328, 1332 (10th Cir. 1998). We therefore affirm

the district court’s dismissal of all of Mr. Robbins’s claims because they either were

frivolous or failed to state a claim under § 1915A(b)(1).



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                                  III. CONCLUSION

       We affirm the district court’s dismissal of Mr. Robbins’s amended complaint

under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), which constitutes one “strike” against Mr. Robbins under

§ 1915(g). See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g); Hafed v. Fed. Bureau of Prisons, 635 F.3d 1172,

1176-77 (10th Cir. 2011); Jennings v. Natrona Cnty. Det. Ctr. Med. Facility, 175 F.3d

775, 778-81 (10th Cir. 1999). Because this appeal is also frivolous, we impose a second

“strike” under § 1915(g). See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g); Hafed, 635 F.3d at 1176-77;

Jennings, 175 F.3d at 778-81. Finally, we deny Mr. Robbins’s renewed application to

proceed in forma pauperis and remind him that he remains obligated to pay the full filing

fee.

                                         ENTERED FOR THE COURT



                                         Scott M. Matheson, Jr.
                                         Circuit Judge




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