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                            Illinois Official Reports                     Reporter of Decisions
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                                      Appellate Court                     Date: 2017.10.05
                                                                          10:07:39 -05'00'




           Chiurato v. Dayton Estates Dam & Water Co., 2017 IL App (3d) 160102



Appellate Court        JOHN CHIURATO, DENNIS CORBIN, and MICHELE CIONI,
Caption                Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. DAYTON ESTATES DAM & WATER
                       COMPANY, an Illinois Not-for-Profit Corporation; JOSEPH
                       NAVARRO; WENDY NAVARRO; ROBERT POTUSNA
                       THOMAS GROSS; KAY GROSS; KEVIN CLEARY; JANICE
                       CLEARY; KEN BRUNS; SUSAN BRUNS; DREW FERRACUTI;
                       LISA FERRACUTI; MARGARET NEVIN; ROBERT NEVIN;
                       FRANK LESS; SUE LESS; RYAN REYNOLDS; ELIZABETH
                       REYNOLDS; TOM MARATEA; LISA MARATEA; JOHN POLEN;
                       LYNN POLEN; LINOLA TOTEL; DON & MICHELLE VRTIS;
                       MAURICE & SUE JOHNSON; LAWRENCE POWELL;
                       ARMELLA OLSEN; DWAYNE DAVIS; ARTURO & RUTH
                       THOMAS; HENDRICK & LAVERNE DeGELDER; ROBERT &
                       DIANE SOLBERG; SCOTT & MELISSA TRAVI; TERRY & JONI
                       ANDERSON; KEITH & PAT SEVERSON; LUKE & KATHY
                       CARUSO; WILLIAM AHLFIELD; CHRISTOPHER ANDREE and
                       CHARISSA ANDREE, Defendants (Dayton Estates Dam & Water
                       Company, Joseph Navarro, Robert Potusna, Thomas Gross, Kevin
                       Cleary, Ken Bruns, Drew Ferracuti, Margaret Nevin, Frank Less,
                       Ryan Reynolds, Tom Maratea, and John Polen, Defendants-
                       Appellees).



District & No.         Third District
                       Docket No. 3-16-0102



Filed                  July 6, 2017



Decision Under         Appeal from the Circuit Court of La Salle County, No. 09-CH-161;
Review                 the Hon. Robert C. Marsaglia, Judge, presiding.
     Judgment                    Affirmed.


     Counsel on                  William F. Knee, of Beyer & Knee, of Mount Prospect, for appellants.
     Appeal
                                 Eric B. Deobler, of White, Marsh, Anderson, Martin, Vickers,
                                 Deobler & Goode, of Ottawa, for appellee Dayton Estates Dam &
                                 Water Company.

                                 Matthew G. Brothers and Brian J. Hunt, of The Hunt Law Group,
                                 LLC, of Chicago, for appellees John Polen and Margaret Nevin.

                                 Brad A. Elward and Craig L. Unrath, of Heyl, Royster, Voelker &
                                 Allen, of Peoria, and Darrell K. Seigler, of Darrell K. Seigler Ltd., of
                                 Ottawa, for other appellees.



     Panel                       JUSTICE LYTTON delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
                                 Justices O’Brien and Wright concurred in the judgment and opinion.


                                                  OPINION

¶1         Plaintiffs John Chiurato, Dennis Corbin, and Michele Cioni are homeowners in a
       residential community known as Dayton Estates. Defendant, Dayton Estates Dam & Water
       Company, is a not-for-profit corporation created in part for the purpose of maintaining a dam
       and lake that previously existed in the subdivision. In August 2007, the dam failed, and the
       lake emptied. Plaintiffs filed a complaint seeking declaratory judgment and alleging breach of
       contract against the company and the members of the board—Joseph Navarro, Robert Potusna,
       Thomas Gross, Kevin Cleary, Ken Bruns, Drew Ferracuti, Margaret Nevin, Frank Less, Ryan
       Reynolds, Tom Maratea, and John Polen—for failing to rebuild the dam.1
¶2         Defendants moved for summary judgment, alleging that Dayton Estates Dam & Water
       Company is not a homeowners association operating a common interest community under
       section 9-102(c) of the Forcible Entry and Detainer Act (Act) (735 ILCS 5/9-102(c) (West
       2014)) and moved to dismiss plaintiffs’ breach of contract claim against the company. The
       individual board members also filed motions for summary judgment seeking dismissal of the
       breach of contract claims. The trial court granted summary judgment on the declaratory
       judgment counts and dismissed plaintiffs’ breach of contract claims against the company and
       the individual board members with prejudice. We affirm.



             1
              The remaining defendants are homeowners in the subdivision who were joined by court order.

                                                     -2-
¶3                                          BACKGROUND
¶4       Dayton Estates is a residential community in Dayton Township near Ottawa. The
     community consists of two subdivisions, Dayton Estates and Dayton Estates West. In June
     1973, the First National Bank of Ottawa, as trustee, and developer Walter Scherer, Jr.,
     recorded a plat and declaration of covenants and restrictions for Dayton Estates subdivision.
     The covenant noted that it was the desire of the developer to create a community of country
     homes and set forth certain restrictions as to the use of each lot and included common
     restrictions, such as no additional buildings or fences without written approval from the
     developer or his agent. The developer also reserved the right to flood portions of lots 10
     through 14 to create a lake that would be available for use by all the lot owners.
¶5       The declaration was amended in March 1974 to change the contour flood line and again in
     April 1975 to include the creation of a not-for-profit corporation known as “Dayton Estates
     Dam & Water Company.” Specifically, the second amendment to the declaration stated that
     the owners of each lot in Dayton Estates:
              “shall automatically be and become a member of the not-for-profit corporation known
              as Dayton Estates Dam & Water Company which corporation has been established by
              the Developer for the purpose of maintaining the dam which forms the lake on the
              Westerly side of the subdivision and for owning and operating any centralized system
              that may in the future be constructed for the furnishing of water to all of the lots in the
              subdivision and in the companion subdivision on the westerly side of said lake known
              as Dayton Estates West. Each member of said not-for-profit corporation shall be
              subject to assessment for a pro-rata share of such expenses that might be incurred by
              said corporation for such purpose.”
¶6       On May 8, 1975, the developer and the trustee recorded a declaration of covenants and
     restrictions for Dayton Estates West that contained the same covenants and restrictions as
     those in the Dayton Estates declaration. It reserved the right to flood a portion of lots 10
     through 14 for the lake and provided membership in the dam and water company to each lot
     owner in Dayton Estates West.
¶7       Three weeks later, Dayton Estate Dam and Water Company was created by articles of
     incorporation. The articles of incorporation were filed with the Secretary of State on May 28,
     1975, and recorded in the county recorder’s office on June 4, 1975. According to paragraph 5
     of the articles of incorporation, the purpose of the company was:
                  “(a) maintenance of a dam across the stream known as Sunnybrook Creek ***
              situated between the Subdivisions known as Dayton Estates and Dayton Estates West.
                  (b) The construction and installation of a centralized system for the furnishing of
              water to all lots in Dayton Estates and Dayton Estates West ***.
                  (c) To hold the legal title to that strip of real estate situated immediately between
              the aforesaid subdivisions known as Dayton Estates and Dayton Estates West, and such
              other real estate as may be required to fulfill the purposes of the corporation.”
     Paragraph 7 also provided that the owner of each lot was subject to assessment, as specified in
     the bylaws, for expenses incurred for the corporate purpose. Finally, the articles stated that “the
     obligation of maintaining the dam specified in Paragraph 5(a) hereof, and power to access the
     members specified in Paragraph 7, may not be altered or deleted by amendment *** without
     consent of the County Board.” The articles of incorporation were signed by Walter Scherer, Jr.,


                                                  -3-
       Walter Scherer, Sr., and Margaret Scherer, who also named themselves as the board of
       directors.
¶8         Bylaws were adopted by the company in accordance with state law. The bylaws, as
       adopted, describe the governing body and provide the date for annual membership meetings
       for election of directors and the transaction of business. Annual meetings are set on the second
       Monday in March of each year. The bylaws also give the board of directors the power to
       manage the company and authorize assessments on the members. The bylaws may be amended
       by the board of directors.
¶9         From 1976 to 1986, the annual report filed by the company with the Secretary of State
       required a brief statement as to the corporate purpose. The report generally indicated that the
       purpose of the company was to maintain a dam and lake for private recreation. Beginning in
       1987, the Secretary of State amended the form to include “yes” or “no” answers to whether the
       company was a condominium association, a cooperative housing association, or a homeowners
       association operating a common interest community as defined in section 9-102 of the Code of
       Civil Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/1-101 et seq. (West 2008)). The first year, the company
       responded by answering “no” to all three questions. Beginning in 1988, the officers checked
       “yes” to the third question, indicating that the company was a homeowners association
       operating a common interest community.
¶ 10       On September 15, 1992, a document was recorded in the county recorder of deeds office
       entitled, “Appointment of Successor Developer.” The document appointed and designated the
       board of directors of the Dayton Estate Dam & Water Company as the successor to the
       developer under the declaration of covenants and restrictions of the subdivision recorded in
       1975. In a related lawsuit filed seven months later, the Dayton Estates Dam & Water Company
       filed a complaint against Dayton Estates West lot owners, Maurice and Sue Johnson, to
       enforce a 10-foot setback requirement contained in the declaration of covenants and
       restrictions. In October 1993, the trial court entered a default judgment in the company’s favor,
       ordering defendants to remove their utility building from within 10 feet of the boundary of
       their lot.
¶ 11       As early as 1997, issues with the dam and the need for repairs were discussed by board
       members and reviewed at annual meetings. However, a vote was never brought before the
       board or its membership, and no company action was taken. After the dam failed in August
       2007, the company explored financing options for repairing or replacing the dam. An
       emergency annual meeting was held on August 30, 2007. At that meeting, eight members were
       elected to the board, including plaintiffs Chiurato and Cioni. Chiurato was appointed as
       president, and Cioni was appointed as vice president. Repairs to the dam were the central topic
       discussed at the meeting. A committee was formed to contact the Illinois Department of
       Natural Resources and solicit contractors for repairs. The board of directors met again that fall
       to discuss engineering estimates and various repair options.
¶ 12       In 2008, the company retained a local law firm to provide a legal opinion regarding a small
       business loan to pay for preliminary engineering costs. A corresponding letter from the
       company’s attorney referred to the company as an “association” and opined that the company
       had the right and duty to make any repairs or improvements identified in the loan application.
¶ 13       The members gathered at an annual meeting again on March 12, 2008, and adopted a
       resolution to accept a $39,600 loan offered by the Small Business Administration for
       engineering study costs. At the beginning of the meeting, Chiurato was reelected as president.

                                                   -4-
       The following members were also elected to the board: Don Vrtis, Robert Solberg, Kevin
       Cleary, Bob Potusna, Dennis Corbin, Ken Bruns, and Tom Gross. With the exception of
       Chiurato and Corbin, all are named as defendants in this case.
¶ 14       The board met in May 2008 for an update from the engineering firm. The company was
       presented with a rebuilding estimate of $478,509 to $710,015, and members of the board
       expressed concern that the project was cost prohibitive. In February 2009, Chiurato and Corbin
       attempted to call a meeting and demand a vote of the board of directors approving the dam
       repair. But no notice of the meeting was transmitted to the other board members.
¶ 15       At the annual membership meeting on March 10, 2009, the dam repair project was again
       discussed. A vote to finance the repair was not taken. A new board was then elected. Two
       members were voted in to replaced Chiurato and Corbin: (1) Margaret Nevin, who previously
       served on the board from 1993 to 1995, and (2) John Polen, who had never served before.
¶ 16       On March 9, 2009, one day prior to the annual meeting, plaintiffs filed a declaratory
       judgment action against defendants, seeking to force the company to rebuild the dam and
       requesting money damages. The complaint named the company and the individual members of
       the board as defendants. Following an initial hearing and oral arguments, the trial court entered
       a preliminary injunction prohibiting the company from taking any action to change the dam
       until the rights of the parties were fully adjudicated.
¶ 17       From 2009 to 2014, numerous amendments to the complaint were filed, and several counts
       were dismissed. The remaining lot owners were also added as necessary parties at the trial
       court’s direction but did not participate in the proceedings.
¶ 18       On March 10, 2014, plaintiffs filed an eighth amended complaint reasserting the surviving
       counts and attaching the declarations of covenants and restrictions, articles of incorporation,
       and bylaws as exhibits. Count I requested a declaratory judgment that the company was a
       homeowners association administering a common interest community within the meaning of
       section 9-102(c) of the Act. Count II requested a declaratory judgment that the company, as a
       homeowners association, had an absolute duty to rebuild the dam. Counts III and IV were
       previously dismissed. Count V prayed for a mandatory injunction against the company
       ordering it to rebuild the dam. Count VI alleged breach of fiduciary duty against individual
       board members, past and present, for failing to take necessary steps to repair the dam, despite
       the language of the governing documents of the company. Last, count VII alleged a breach of
       contract claim against Dayton Estates Dam & Water Company, claiming that the declaration of
       covenants, articles of incorporation, and bylaws created a binding contract between the
       company and its members that obligated the company to maintain and repair the dam.
       Plaintiffs alleged that by refusing to rebuild the dam, the company breached its contractual
       duty and sought damages against the company for failing to rebuild it.
¶ 19       The company moved to dismiss count VII under section 2-615 of the Code (735 ILCS
       5/2-615 (West 2014)). The trial court dismissed that count with prejudice, finding that the
       corporate bylaws were adopted and drafted after the recording of the covenants and did not
       form a contractual obligation between the landowners and the company to rebuild the dam.
¶ 20       Plaintiff then filed a ninth amended complaint without any alterations to counts I, II, V, or
       VI. The company moved for summary judgment on counts I and II. In its motion, the company
       argued, among other things, that the covenants and articles of incorporation did not impose a
       corporate purpose on the company to act as a homeowners association operating a common
       interest community. The trial court found that the company did not act as a homeowners

                                                   -5-
       association and granted the company’s motion. The court also found that the board was not
       acting in bad faith and dismissed count VI against the individual defendants named in their
       capacity as board members.
¶ 21       The company then moved to dismiss count V, claiming that it was remedial in nature and
       made moot by the dismissal of counts I and II. The trial court agreed and granted the motion,
       which disposed of all issues and parties in the litigation.

¶ 22                                            ANALYSIS
¶ 23       On appeal, plaintiffs maintain that the trial court erred in granting defendants’ motions and
       ultimately dismissing all of the claims in their amended complaints. Various counts were
       dismissed at different stages in the pleading process. We will address the arguments on appeal
       in the order in which they were ruled on by the trial court.

¶ 24                                                 I
¶ 25       Plaintiffs contend that the trial court erred in dismissing count VII of plaintiffs’ eighth
       amended complaint, alleging breach of contract against the company. Plaintiffs argue that the
       recorded covenants, articles of incorporation, and bylaws of the company constitute a binding
       contract between the company and its members that obligates the company to maintain the
       dam. They contend that by failing to repair and rebuild the dam the company has breached the
       contract.
¶ 26       The standard of review on appeal from a motion to dismiss a complaint is whether the
       complaint, when viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, alleged facts that
       sufficiently stated a cause of action. Toombs v. City of Champaign, 245 Ill. App. 3d 580, 583
       (1993). A reviewing court must take all well-pleaded facts in the challenged complaint as true.
       Lawson v. City of Chicago, 278 Ill. App. 3d 628, 634 (1996). However, a motion to dismiss
       does not admit conclusions of law or fact unsupported by allegations of specific fact upon
       which those conclusions can rest. Id.
¶ 27       The general rule for pleading the existence of a contract turns on the elements of an offer, a
       strictly conforming acceptance, and supporting consideration. City of Burbank v. Illinois State
       Labor Relations Board, 185 Ill. App. 3d 997, 1002-03 (1989). The necessary ultimate fact to
       establish a contract and breach thereof must be adduced in the complaint to survive a motion to
       dismiss. See People ex rel. Fahner v. Carriage Way West, Inc., 88 Ill. 2d 300, 308 (1981).
¶ 28       Because the facts are not disputed and declarations of covenants and restrictions are
       covenants running with the land, we must examine the language of the declarations to
       determine whether dismissal was appropriate. Carney v. Donley, 261 Ill. App. 3d 1002, 1008
       (1994). A covenant is a contract to which the ordinary rules of contract construction apply.
       Xinos v. Village of Oak Brook, 298 Ill. App. 3d 520, 524 (1998). Where the covenants are
       unambiguous and the intent of the parties can be determined by the covenants’ explicit
       provisions, courts should effectuate that intent without relying on extrinsic aids. Board of
       Directors of Olde Salem Homeowners’ Ass’n v. Secretary of Veterans Affairs, 226 Ill. App. 3d
       281, 286 (1992). A clear and unambiguous contract term must be given its plain and ordinary
       meaning, and that interpretation may be used by the court to grant a motion to dismiss. Owens
       v. McDermott, Will & Emery, 316 Ill. App. 3d 340, 344 (2000).



                                                   -6-
¶ 29       On de novo review, we find that plaintiffs have failed to plead facts sufficient to state a
       cause of action against the company for breach of contract. There were few well-pleaded facts
       in the complaint that support the existence of a contract. Count VII of the complaint claimed
       that defendants breached their contractual obligation to repair and rebuild the dam. Reading
       the covenants as a whole, we agree that there was a clear intent in the declarations of Dayton
       Estates and Dayton Estates West that the company should have broad authority to manage the
       lake real estate and maintain the dam that formed it. However, we do not agree that the
       covenants recorded by the developer and the trustee impose a contractual obligation on the
       company to replace the dam.
¶ 30       The unambiguous language of the covenants provides that the only relationship the lot
       owners had with the company is the agreement to pay assessments. In exchange for paying the
       assessments, the lot owners were granted automatic membership in the company. Under the
       plain terms of the first amended declaration of Dayton Estates, the developer also had the right
       to flood lots 10 through 14 to create the lake. However, that amendment does not provide that
       the developer or the company has the duty to repair and replace the dam. In addition, the
       second amended declaration states that the company has been created for the purpose of
       maintaining the dam that created the lake, but it does not impose any obligation to replace the
       dam in the event of failure. Thus, the covenants do not create a contractual obligation on the
       part of the company to maintain the existence of a dam on a permanent basis.
¶ 31       Plaintiffs allege in their complaint that the corporate documents, together with the
       covenants, create a contract that requires the company to rebuild the dam. We find these
       allegations insufficient to support their breach of contract claim for two reasons.
¶ 32       First, when two or more agreements are executed by different parties, they cannot be
       regarded as one instrument. See Illinois Housing Development Authority v. La Salle National
       Bank, 139 Ill. App. 3d 985, 989 (1985). In this case, the declarations of covenants were
       executed by the First National Bank of Ottawa and the developer, Walter Scherer, Jr. The
       articles of incorporation were executed by Walter Scherer, Jr., Walter Scherer, Sr., and
       Margaret Scherer, and the bylaws were passed by the board of directors of the company. Even
       though plaintiffs may claim that the execution of the second amended declaration for Dayton
       Estates was executed simultaneously with the articles of incorporation, these documents were
       not executed by the same parties. Although it is possible for an instrument to incorporate
       another agreement even if the parties executing the documents are not identical, it is a
       fundamental principle of contract law that the incorporating instrument must do so by express
       reference, demonstrating an intent to incorporate the other agreement into the contract.
       Unifund CCR Partners v. Shah, 407 Ill. App. 3d 737, 743 (2011). Here, neither the articles of
       incorporation nor the company’s bylaws expressly reference the declarations of covenants for
       Dayton Estates or Dayton Estates West or the amended declarations.
¶ 33       Second, it is well settled in Illinois that for-profit corporations are not liable for debts
       contracted for services rendered under a contract with its incorporators prior to its organization
       unless the corporation has expressly promised to undertake the liability after its organization.
       Erd v. Rapid Transit Co., 206 Ill. App. 351, 354-55 (1917). A preincorporation contract may
       be binding upon a corporation only if the contract is specifically ratified by the board of
       directors. Brownholtz v. Providers Life Assurance Co., 329 Ill. 42, 46 (1928). The same logic
       applies to preincorporation liability of a not-for-profit company.


                                                   -7-
¶ 34       In this case, there is no allegation that the company expressly ratified any contractual
       obligation to enforce the covenants of Dayton Estates West. Moreover, there are no facts in the
       corporate documents attached to the complaint that support the allegation that the company
       expressly ratified any obligation to enforce the covenants previously recorded or to be legally
       liable to repair and rebuild the dam for the lot owners’ benefit. Plaintiffs allege that there is
       contractual obligation of the members to adhere to the covenants. While such an obligation
       exists, it is only because they are lot owners of the Dayton Estates West subdivision, not
       because of their membership in the company.
¶ 35       Plaintiffs failed to allege sufficient facts to support their breach of contract claim against
       Dayton Estates Dam & Water Company. Accordingly, the trial court properly dismissed count
       VII of plaintiffs’ eighth amended complaint.

¶ 36                                                   II
¶ 37        Plaintiffs also contend that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in
       defendants’ favor on counts I and II of their ninth amended complaint. They claim that Dayton
       Estates Dam & Water Company is a homeowners association “administering a common
       interest community” and that the designation imposes certain duties on the company, including
       the duty to rebuild the dam.
¶ 38        Summary judgment is appropriate where the pleadings, depositions, admissions and
       affidavits on file, viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, reveal that there is
       no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a
       matter of law. 735 ILCS 5/2-1005(c) (West 2014); Hall v. Henn, 208 Ill. 2d 325, 328 (2003).
       This court conducts a de novo review of an order granting summary judgment. Hall, 208 Ill. 2d
       at 328.
¶ 39        As a general rule, a homeowners association has the power to enforce subdivision
       covenants as an underlying contract between the developer and the property owners. See
       Forest Glen Community Homeowners Ass’n v. Bishof, 321 Ill. App. 3d 298, 303-04 (2001);
       Westfield Homes, Inc. v. Herrick, 229 Ill. App. 3d 445, 451-52 (1992). Here, plaintiffs are
       attempting to impose the duty to rebuild the dam on the company by claiming that the company
       is a homeowners association. Plaintiffs claim that if the company is found to be a homeowners
       association, the company has the power as a matter of law to enforce the covenants. Plaintiffs’
       argument assumes the existence of a contract or a duty created by the covenants to rebuild the
       dam. As previously determined, however, a contractual duty to rebuild the dam does not exist.
¶ 40        Even if the covenants created a contractual duty, we are not convinced that Dayton Estates
       Dam & Water Company meets the definition of a homeowners association “administering a
       common interest community.”
¶ 41        A homeowners association is described in the Forcible Entry and Detainer Act as an
       association that establishes and administers “a common interest community.” 735 ILCS
       5/9-102 (West 2014). Section 9-102(c)(1) of the Act defines a “common interest community”
       as “real estate other than a condominium or cooperative with respect to which any person by
       virtue of his or her ownership of a partial interest or unit therein is obligated to pay for
       maintenance, improvement, insurance premiums, or real estate taxes of other real estate
       described in a declaration which is administered by an association.” 735 ILCS 5/9-102(c)(1)
       (West 2014). The lot owners of Dayton Estates are required by the terms of the declaration of
       covenants and restrictions to pay assessments for the maintenance of the dam that created the

                                                    -8-
       lake. However, the covenants, articles of incorporation, and bylaws do not specifically refer to
       the company as “a homeowners association” or a “common interest community.” Moreover,
       the company holds title to the real estate on which the dam was constructed and a portion of the
       lake. The subdivision lot owners do not own the real estate owned by the company. Also, the
       recorded plats of Dayton Estates and Dayton Estates West do not describe the real estate
       owned by the company. Therefore, the company does not qualify as a homeowners association
       under section 9-102 of the Act because the covenants do not describe the lake real estate for
       which the lot owners are obligated to pay for maintenance, insurance premiums, or real estate
       taxes under the corporate documents. See 735 ILCS 5/9-102(c)(1) (West 2014).
¶ 42       The trial court properly concluded that the company was not a homeowners association
       administering a common interest community. Thus, the court did not err in granting summary
       judgment in defendants’ favor on count I.

¶ 43                                                 III
¶ 44      Because the trial court properly granted summary judgment on count I, we need not
       address plaintiffs’ argument that the court erred in failing to address whether the company, as a
       homeowners association, had a duty to repair the dam as alleged in count II.

¶ 45                                                    IV
¶ 46       Last, plaintiffs argue that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment on count VI of
       their ninth amended complaint alleging breach of fiduciary duty in favor of defendants
       Navarro, Potusna, Gross, Cleary, Bruns, Ferracuti, Nevin, Less, Reynolds, Maratea, and Polen.
       Plaintiffs claim that during their tenure as members of the board of directors, defendants were
       aware, or should have been aware, of the deteriorating condition of the dam, which led to the
       dam’s failure, and their duty to maintain the dam. They argue that these defendants breached
       their fiduciary duty to plaintiffs because they failed to take the necessary steps to repair the
       dam when they were members of the board.
¶ 47       The proper exercise of a board’s fiduciary or quasi-fiduciary duty requires strict
       compliance with the declarations and bylaws, specifically when the declarations and bylaws
       provide procedures to govern board actions. Wolinsky v. Kadison, 2013 IL App (1st) 111186,
       ¶ 62 (Wolinsky II); Wolinsky v. Kadison, 114 Ill. App. 3d 527, 534 (1983) (Wolinsky I).
       Moreover, the board of directors of a condominium association or a similar homeowners
       association owes a fiduciary or quasi-fiduciary duty to the association members to act in a
       manner reasonably related to the exercise of that duty. Schweickart v. Powers, 245 Ill. App. 3d
       281, 290 (1993). Absent allegations of bad faith, fraud, illegality, or gross overreaching, courts
       are not at liberty to interfere with the exercise of the judgment of corporate directors. Stamp v.
       Touche Ross & Co., 263 Ill. App. 3d 1010, 1016 (1993). That judgment enjoys the benefit of a
       presumption that it was formed in good faith and designated to promote the best interests of the
       corporation they serve. Id. at 1015-16. These fiduciary principles and business judgment rules
       apply to condominium and common interest community association directors. Wolinsky II,
       2013 IL App (1st) 111186, ¶ 65.
¶ 48       In this case, there is no evidence of breach of fiduciary duty by an individual director.
       Moreover, count IV does not allege fraud, bad faith, or gross overreaching. It simply alleges
       that defendants “failed to take the necessary steps to repair the dam” despite the language of
       the “governing documents” of the company. The documents attached to the eighth amended

                                                   -9-
       complaint show that the directors engaged in diligent immediate efforts to deal with the breach
       of the dam in August 2007. Those efforts included contacting an engineer to complete a study
       regarding repairing or replacing the dam, reaching out to the Illinois Department of Natural
       Resources as to specifications and classifications of a newly constructed dam, and securing
       SBA financing for the engineering services. The dam had not been repaired or replaced on
       March 10, 2009, because the company was still investigating its options and the cost of
       replacing the dam appeared to be significant. There is no allegation in the complaint and no
       evidence in the record that the defendants failed to exercise due care in carrying out their
       corporate duties or that their actions failed to protect the best interests of the company’s
       members. Accordingly, the trial court properly granted summary judgment in favor of
       Navarro, Potusna, Gross, Cleary, Bruns, Ferracuti, and Reynolds.
¶ 49        Turning to the remaining directors, Nevin served as a director between 1993 and 1995, and
       Polen never served on the board prior to his March 10, 2009, election. Nevin and Polen were
       not directors serving on the board when the dam failed in August 2007, nor were they directors
       when plaintiffs filed their complaint. They were newly elected on March 10, 2009, and there is
       no evidence in the record that they engaged in a breach of fiduciary duty after that date. The
       trial court properly dismissed them as a matter of law.
¶ 50        Like Nevin and Polen, directors Maratea and Less were elected as company directors on
       March 10, 2009, the day after plaintiffs filed their complaint. On July 27, 2009, the court
       entered a preliminary restraining order that prohibited the company from taking any action to
       change the dam until the rights of the parties could be fully adjudicated. Thus, there is no
       evidence in the record that these two directors engaged in a breach of fiduciary duty before or
       after March 10, 2009. Thus, the trial court did not err in granting summary judgment on count
       VI of plaintiffs’ ninth amended complaint alleging breach of fiduciary duty as to the
       individually named board members.

¶ 51                                       CONCLUSION
¶ 52      The judgment of the circuit court of La Salle County is affirmed.

¶ 53      Affirmed.




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