        IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Pendle Hill                               :
                                          :
              v.                          :   No. 933 C.D. 2015
                                          :   Argued: February 8, 2016
The Zoning Hearing Board of               :
Nether Providence Township                :
                                          :
Appeal of: William Brophy and             :
Erin Brophy                               :

BEFORE:       HONORABLE ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge
              HONORABLE P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge
              HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge


OPINION
BY JUDGE SIMPSON                          FILED: March 10, 2016

              In this procedurally unusual zoning appeal, William and Erin Brophy
(Objectors) ask whether the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County (trial
court) erred in denying their petition to open the judgment. The trial court’s
judgment reversed the Zoning Hearing Board of Nether Providence’s (ZHB) denial
of zoning relief to Pendle Hill (Applicant) as well as Objectors’ petition to
intervene nunc pro tunc or “now for then” in Applicant’s land use appeal.
Objectors ask whether the trial court abused its discretion by not finding that
extraordinary cause existed to open its order reversing the ZHB’s decision beyond
the 30-day limit to rescind orders, when: (1) Objectors presented uncontested facts
that as parties they received no notice of the ZHB’s written decision, its findings of
fact or conclusions of law; and, (2) the trial court reversed the ZHB’s decision on
grounds never raised before the ZHB and never raised in Applicant’s land use
appeal. Upon review, we vacate and remand for a determination of whether
extraordinary cause exists to justify Objectors’ untimely intervention in
Applicant’s land use appeal to the trial court, and, if so, to allow Objectors to
intervene in Applicant’s land use appeal.

                                  I. Background
             Applicant is a not-for-profit corporation whose mission is to maintain
the Quaker Study Retreat and Conference Center at 338 Plush Mill Road, Nether
Providence Township (Township), Wallingford, Delaware County. Its existence
and location predate zoning legislation in the Township.


             In 2013, Applicant acquired the property located at 318 Plush Mill
Road (property), a six bedroom, two-and-a-half bath single-family dwelling that
immediately adjoins Applicant’s campus on one side and property owned by
Objectors, located at 314 Plush Mill Road, on the other side. The property lies in
an R-1a residential zoning district.     Applicant seeks to use the property to
accommodate conferees at its Conference Center.


             In February 2014, Applicant filed an application with the ZHB
seeking a variance to permit the use of the property as part of its Quaker Study
Retreat and Conference Center. Alternatively, Applicant sought a determination
that the Zoning Ordinance of the Township of Nether Providence (zoning
ordinance) was de facto exclusionary because it did not provide for a “fair share”
of educational, religious or philanthropic uses. Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 3a.
As a further alternative, Applicant sought a special exception.




                                            2
             The ZHB held a hearing on Applicant’s requests for zoning relief in
March 2014 at which Objectors appeared with counsel. Objector William Brophy
testified. At the conclusion of a second hearing in April 2014, during which
Objectors’ counsel presented argument on Objectors’ behalf, the ZHB voted orally
on the record to deny Applicant’s application for zoning relief.


             In May 2014, Applicant filed a land use appeal with the trial court.
The land use appeal indicated that Applicant received letter notice of the ZHB’s
decision that was issued orally at the April 2014 hearing, but it had not yet
received a copy of the ZHB’s written decision. As such, Applicant reserved the
right to supplement the basis for its land use appeal upon receipt of the ZHB’s
written decision. Applicant further asserted it was entitled to “site specific relief”
on the ground that

             it is a matter of public record that [the Township] comprises an
             area of 4.72 miles. The area of the current R-5A District, is
             about ½ of 1 percent of the entire Township area[.] It is also a
             matter of public record that from the time that R-5A(1) was last
             addressed by the Township governing body to the present, the
             entire extent of the R-5A Zoning District was 100 percent
             developed and maintained by Addison Hines and Ed Coslett’s
             Wallingford Arms Apartments. The Wallingford Arms
             Apartments is a complex of 64 row-house type apartments with
             an office in five two-story buildings separated by parking.
             There is absolutely not one square foot of space for any
             Institutional use in the R-5A District.

Tr. Ct., Slip Op., 8/13/15, at 3; R.R. at 11a.


             In June 2014, the ZHB issued its written decision containing findings
of fact and conclusions of law in which it determined Applicant was not entitled to


                                           3
any of its requested zoning relief in order to change the use of the property from a
residential home to an institutional use. The ZHB determined Applicant did not
prove any hardship nor did it show the zoning ordinance was de facto
exclusionary.


               Thereafter, on October 9, 2014, the trial court issued an order
reversing the ZHB’s decision.       It did so “based upon an agreement reached,
subsequent to a conference with the [trial court] on September 11, 2014, between
counsel for [Applicant] and the [Township] Solicitor that the matter be resolved
pursuant to the [federal Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act
(RLUIPA), 42 U.S.C. §§2000cc-2000cc-5].” Tr. Ct., Slip Op., at 8. The trial
court’s order states:

                      AND NOW, this 9th day of October, 2014 upon
               consideration of the Land Use Appeal and after conference and
               any submittals by the parties, it is hereby ORDERED,
               ADJUDGED and DECREED that the Appeal is sustained and
               that the decision of the [ZHB], dated April 21, 2014 is hereby
               REVERSED, by virtue of the [RLUIPA].

                      AND FURTHER, the [Township] Zoning Officer shall
               issue a Certificate of Occupancy to [Applicant] for the premises
               318 Plush Mill Road, permitting thereon institutional use in
               conjunction with the adjoining Pendle Hill Quaker Center.

R.R. at 20a.


               Approximately five-and-a-half months later in March 2015,
Objectors, through new counsel, filed a petition to open judgment and to intervene
in Applicant’s land use appeal nunc pro tunc. The trial court explained that the
gravamen of Objectors’ concerns was that, despite their counsel entering an


                                           4
appearance and their actions as party participants at the ZHB hearings, and even
having been present when the ZHB’s decision in their favor was delivered orally
on April 21, 2014, Objectors were never provided written notice of the ZHB’s
decision, or of Applicant’s land use appeal to the trial court, which allegedly
deprived them of the opportunity to intervene in the appeal.         In response to
Objectors’ petition, Applicant filed an answer with new matter. Objectors filed an
answer to Applicant’s new matter.


              The trial court subsequently issued an order denying Objectors’
petition, stating:

                     AND NOW, this 28th day of April, 2015, upon
              consideration of [Objectors’] Petition to Open Judgment Dated
              October 9, 2014 and to Intervene In land Use Appeal Nunc Pro
              Tunc filed on March 24, 2015, [Applicant’s] Response thereto
              with New Matter, and [Objectors’] Response (sic) thereto, it is
              hereby ORDERED and DECREED that the said Petition will
              be, and hereby is, DENIED because this action terminated on
              November 9, 2014 and thereby deprived the Court of
              jurisdiction as to all matters filed subsequent to that date.

R.R. at 73a. Objectors appealed, and the trial court directed them to file a concise
statement of the errors complained of on appeal (Statement), which they did.


              The trial court then issued an opinion pursuant to Pa. R.A.P. 1925(a)
in which it first explained that several of the issues raised in Objectors’ Statement
were waived because Objectors did not previously raise them before the trial court.
Additionally, the trial court stated, because Objectors’ barebones contentions that
they were deprived of any right to intervene in Applicant’s appeal were not




                                         5
supported by corroborating evidence, nor by appropriately developed pertinent
legal argument, every other issue set forth in their Statement was waived.


             Nevertheless, the trial court explained, Objectors’ alleged grounds for
their appeal only applied if they sought and attained the standing that would have
allowed for their involvement in Applicant’s appeal to the trial court. In terms of
the failure to inform Objectors of Applicant’s appeal from the ZHB’s decision, the
trial court stated, Objectors’ insistence that Applicant was obligated to provide
them notice of that appeal was frivolous, as was the allegation that the ZHB never
informed them in any way of a decision that was undisputedly heard by Objectors’
“directly from the horse’s mouth.”       Tr. Ct., Slip Op. at 14.      The trial court
explained Objectors were present in the hearing room when the decision in their
favor was uttered and, because they were not aggrieved by that decision, it could
be inferred from their failure to take action afterward that they either dismissed or
ignored the potentiality for an appeal to be taken by Applicant.


             By subsequently failing to exercise the diligence to discover that
Applicant filed an appeal with the trial court, Objectors “willfully, if not recklessly,
sat on rights of which they now disingenuously claim to have been wantonly
deprived by … Applicant, the ZHB and even the [trial court].                All in all,
[Objectors] have abjectly failed to demonstrate that it was within anyone’s purview
or realm of responsibility to assure their precautionary involvement in an appeal
from a ZHB decision that, indubitably, was in their favor.” Id. (citations omitted).




                                           6
               The trial court further explained the notice requirement in Section
908(10) of the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code (MPC),1 which requires
the ZHB to provide notice of its decision, applies only to the ZHB and places no
duty on an applicant to provide notice of its appeal of the ZHB’s decision. The
trial court stated Objectors received notice of the ZHB’s decision on April 21,
2014 (the date of the ZHB’s oral vote), and they could not complain that they
never received it in violation of any applicable rule of law. The trial court stated
the same was true of Objectors’ claim in Paragraph 11 of their petition to open that
“[n]o findings of fact or conclusions were ever issued by the [ZHB], in derogation
of the requirements of the [MPC], 53 P.S. § 10908(9).”


               To that end, the trial court stated the ZHB’s decision and findings of
fact and conclusions of law, indeed, were published on June 2, 2014, but
Objectors, having known of the decision on which they were based, apparently
never contacted the ZHB for the location at which they could be perused in person.
The trial court stated that the ZHB’s purported failure to provide that bit of
information to Objectors would not “overcome [Objectors’] dereliction in waiting
nearly a year after … Applicant’s appeal from the ZHB’s decision and five months
after the trial court’s reversal of the ZHB’s decision to seek the opening of the
judgment and the status of intervenor via the filing of [their] [p]etition.” Tr. Ct.,
Slip Op. at 16.




      1
          Act of July 31, 1968, P.L. 805, as amended, 53 P.S. §10908(10).



                                                7
               In addition, the trial court stated, although Section 1004-A of the
MPC2 permits a municipality and any property owner to intervene within 30 days
of the filing of a land use appeal, Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure No. 2327
allows for persons with a legally enforceable interest that may be affected to
intervene “[a]t any time during the pendency of an action ….” Id. If a petition to
intervene is first filed after judgment is entered in a land use appeal, it is too late.
Boerner v. Hazle Twp. Zoning Hearing Bd., 845 A.2d 210 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2004).
The trial court explained that Objectors’ newly raised claims that the judgment
reversing the ZHB could not have been final in the absence of their intervention
and was unreflective of the record in the case, while waived, were also baseless
because Objectors never attained standing to challenge the trial court’s decision on
any ground, regardless of whether they were parties before the ZHB. Stuckley v.
Zoning Hearing Bd. of Newtown Twp., 79 A.3d 510 (Pa. 2013); Nahas v. Zoning
Hearing Bd. of Schuylkill Cnty., 823 A.2d 237 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2003); Pessolano v.
Zoning Bd. of Adjustment of City of Pittsburgh, 632 A.2d 1090 (Pa. Cmwlth.
1993); Gilchrist v. Zoning Bd. of Old Forge Borough, 475 A.2d 1366 (Pa. Cmwlth.
1984).


               Similarly, the trial court stated, Objectors’ “late-breaking contentions”
that Applicant’s grounds for relief submitted to the trial court were not alternative
to those pled in support of the variance were blatantly belied by a perusal of
Applicant’s pre-hearing brief to the ZHB. Tr. Ct., Slip Op. at 17. They are
groundless as well given the trial court’s power to fashion the remedy awarded to
Applicant in its appeal from the ZHB’s decision. Whether Objectors’ appellate

      2
          Added by the Act of December 21, 1988, P.L. 1329, 53 P.S. §11004-A.



                                              8
contentions are baseless or waived, the trial court explained, Objectors voluntarily
abrogated the ability to raise any and all of their foregoing contentions by failing to
timely intervene in Applicant’s land use appeal.


               In sum, the trial court stated:

                       Under [the MPC], ‘[i]n a land use appeal, the court shall
               have power to declare any ordinance or map invalid and set
               aside or modify any action, decision or order of the governing
               body, agency or officer of the municipality brought up on
               appeal.[’] [Section 1006-A(a) of the MPC, 53 P.S. § 11006-A
               (a).3]. ‘If the court finds that an ordinance or map, or a decision
               or order thereunder, which has been brought up for review
               unlawfully prevents or restricts a development or use which has
               been described by the landowner through plans and other
               materials submitted to the governing body, agency or officer of
               the municipality whose action or failure to act is in question on
               the appeal, it may order the described development or use
               approved as to all elements. …’ 53 P.S. § 11006-A (c).

                      [Objectors] have requested that the [j]udgment reversing
               the ZHB’s denial of an institutional variance to … Applicant be
               opened and or stricken on grounds that they had not been
               permitted to become parties to … Applicant’s appeal from the
               ZHB’s decision. However, the evidence of record reflects that
               [Objectors], themselves, were solely at fault for timely failing
               to become intervenors therein. Needless to say, a non-party’s
               petition to open or strike a judgment that had never been
               entered against them is a nullity ab initio. Alternatively, any
               reconsideration of the [o]rder terminating … Applicant’s appeal
               could not take place because [Objectors] had not attained the
               standing to request it as intervenors during the pendency of …
               Applicant’s appeal before this Court. [Boerner].

                   For all of the foregoing reasons, [Objectors’] Petition to
               Open the Judgment reversing the ZHB’s denial of an

      3
          Added by the Act of December 21, 1988, P.L. 1329, as amended, 53 P.S. §11006-A.



                                              9
               institutional variance to … Applicant, and to Intervene in …
               Applicant’s appeal from the ZHB’s decision was appropriately
               denied and this ruling must not be disturbed on appeal.

Tr. Ct., Slip Op. at 17-18.4 This matter is now before us for disposition.


                        II. Discussion–Notice of ZHB’s Decision
                                     A. Contentions
               On appeal,5 Objectors first argue the trial court erred and abused its
discretion by not finding extraordinary cause existed to justify disturbing its order
reversing the ZHB where Objectors established: (1) they never received notice of
the ZHB’s written decision; (2) they never received the ZHB’s opinion, findings of
fact and conclusions of law and were not notified where they were available, all in
violation of the MPC and the zoning ordinance; and, (3) they were never served
with a copy of Applicant’s land use appeal. Objectors contend these facts show
their due process rights were offended and served to deprive them of the ability to
seek intervention and participate in the appeal below.


               Objectors maintain it is a fundamental principle that “everyone
deserves their day in court.” Br. for Appellants at 14. Here, they assert, they were

       4
         After Objectors filed their appeal to this Court, Applicant filed a motion to quash. A
single judge of this Court (Quigley, S.J.) denied the motion because it appeared this matter was
appropriately before this Court. To that end, Applicant did not challenge the finality of the trial
court’s order, the timeliness of Objectors’ appeal to this Court or this Court’s jurisdiction. Thus,
consideration of Applicant’s arguments in the context of a motion to quash was improper; rather,
a panel should address the issues Applicant seeks to raise.
       5
          Our review of the denial of a petition to intervene is limited to determining whether the
trial court abused its discretion or committed an error of law. Atticks v. Lancaster Twp. Zoning
Hearing Bd., 915 A.2d 713 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2007).
        The ZHB and the Township of Nether Providence were precluded from participating in
this appeal based on their failure to file briefs as required by this Court’s December 2015 order.



                                                10
deprived their day in court because of others’ mistakes in process and procedure,
which violate Pennsylvania statutes and court rules. Objectors contend the trial
court should have recognized the statutory and rule violations and the effect those
violations had on Objectors’ rights and determined that the cause to open the final
order asserted by Objectors was extraordinary.


             Objectors point out that in its order denying their petition to open
judgment and intervene nunc pro tunc, the trial court stated that the reason for the
denial was that “this action terminated on November 9, 2014 and thereby deprived
the Court of jurisdiction as to all matters subsequent to that date.” Tr. Ct. Order,
4/28/15; R.R. at 73a. By stating that the action “terminated” on November 9,
2014, 30 days after issuance of the October 9, 2014 final order, Objectors argue,
the trial court signaled its reliance on and adherence to the provisions of Section
5505 of the Judicial Code, 42 Pa. C.S. §5505 (“Modification of orders”). Section
5505 states: “Except as otherwise provided or prescribed by law, a court upon
notice to the parties may modify or rescind any order within 30 days after its entry,
notwithstanding the prior termination of any term of court, if no appeal from such
order has been taken or allowed.” Id.


             However, Objectors assert, the trial court’s inability to modify or
rescind final orders more than 30 days after their entry is not absolute. This Court
recognizes an exception to this rule exists where fraud or some other circumstance
occurs that is “so grave or compelling as to constitute extraordinary cause
justifying intervention by the court,” allowing a court to open or vacate its order
after the 30-day period expired. Ainsworth v. Dep’t of Transp., Bureau of Driver



                                         11
Licensing, 807 A.2d 933, 937 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2002) (citations omitted). The Court
in Ainsworth also noted, “[c]ourts have modified and rescinded Orders beyond the
normal time limits and taken other corrective measures in cases where it would
have been inequitable for parties to suffer consequences of the court’s errors.” Id.
at 938 (citation omitted).


             Further, the Superior Court in Manufacturers & Traders Trust Co. v.
Greenville Gastroenterology, SC, 108 A.3d 913 (Pa. Super. 2015), explained:
“‘Extraordinary cause’ refers to an oversight or action on the part of the court or
the judicial process which operates to deny the losing party knowledge of the entry
of final judgment so that the commencement of the running of the appeal time is
not known to the losing party.” Id. at 919 (citation omitted). Objectors assert the
uncontested facts and circumstances alleged in their petition to open judgment and
intervene constitute “extraordinary cause” that should have compelled the trial
court to open the judgment resulting from its final order of October 9, 2014.


             To that end, Objectors argue, the fact that they never received notice
of the ZHB’s written decision or the ZHB’s findings of fact and conclusions of
law, in violation of MPC requirements and, further, never received any notice of
the land use appeal Applicant filed, should be viewed as extraordinary cause so as
to allow the final order in Applicant’s land use appeal to be opened. Objectors
maintain this failure worked to deprive them of their day in court and substantially
affected their rights when the trial court reversed the ZHB’s decision without
Objectors’ participation.




                                         12
             Objectors assert they participated as parties in the ZHB proceedings.
Their prior counsel filed an entry of appearance with the ZHB. Objector William
Brophy was an active participant at the ZHB hearing. These facts are undisputed.
As a result, Objectors argue, under the requirements of the MPC and the zoning
ordinance, they were entitled to receive notice of the ZHB’s written decision. See
53 P.S. §10908(10). Objectors maintain this Court previously determined that
when a zoning board fails to fulfill its statutory duty set forth in Section 908(10) of
the MPC, the proper remedy is to permit the reopening of a determination of a
zoning matter or appeal, even after the statutory deadline passed. Mihal v. Zoning
Hearing Bd. of City of Hazleton, 545 A.2d 1002 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1988); see also
Clemens v. Zoning Hearing Bd. of U. Gwynedd Twp., 281 A.2d 93 (Pa. Cmwlth.
1971) (en banc).


             Objectors contend both Applicant, in its response to Objectors’
petition below, and the trial court, in its opinion, simply brushed aside the ZHB’s
failure to comply with the statutory requirement that notice of the written decision,
findings of fact and conclusions of law be provided to Objectors. However, neither
Applicant nor the trial court cited any authority that would allow for waiver of this
statutory requirement or any interpretation of the statute that indicates it is merely
directory and not mandatory.


             Objectors argue they also asserted below that, after receiving no
notice of the ZHB’s written decision or any notice of the issuance of its opinion,
findings of fact and conclusions of law, such prejudice was compounded by the
failure of any party to provide notice of the land use appeal taken by Applicant to



                                          13
the trial court. Objectors anticipate that Applicant will strenuously argue that it
had no statutory duty to serve a notice of its land use appeal on Objectors based on
Boerner. As it did below, Applicant will argue that Objectors never attained party
status in the trial court because they did not petition to intervene during the
pendency of that appeal. Objectors recognize it is settled law that they do not
automatically acquire party status in a land use appeal in the trial court simply
because they entered their appearance as parties before the ZHB. Objectors further
recognize that, if they received notice of the land use appeal, they were required to
file a petition to intervene and not simply a notice of intervention.


             Objectors also recognize that Boerner and other cases do not place a
duty on a landowner/appellant, like Applicant, to serve notice of the land use
appeal on any other parties who entered their appearance before the ZHB. Section
1003-A of the MPC,6 only requires service by the appellant if such appellant is a
person other than the landowner of the land directly involved in the decision or
action appealed from. This rule does not even require direct service of a land use
appeal to the municipality or the ZHB. Rather, the ZHB is provided notice by the
prothonotary. Objectors argue that, despite the lack of any requirement to do so,
Applicant here sent a copy of its land use appeal directly to the Township and the
ZHB; thus, the only party before the ZHB who did not receive this “elective”
service was Objectors. Br. for Appellants at 19.




      6
        Section 1003-A was added by the Act of December 21, 1988, P.L. 1329, 53 P.S.
§11003-A.



                                          14
             Objectors maintain that, had the ZHB fulfilled its statutory duty under
Section 908(10) of the MPC to provide Objectors with notice of its opinion,
findings of fact and conclusions of law, which was issued as part of the record to
the trial court, Objectors would have known of the land use appeal to the trial court
and would have petitioned to intervene in a timely manner to preserve their rights.
Because the ZHB did not fulfill its statutory duty, Objectors assert, they had no
notice that the case continued beyond the ZHB level.


             Objectors also anticipate Applicant will assert Objectors were
required to continually check the trial court’s docket to find the proverbial “needle
in a haystack” and attempt to identify whether any appeal was filed. Br. for
Appellants at 20.    The trial court’s opinion seems to endorse this concept.
Objectors assert it cannot be the intended consequence of the MPC or any rule
promulgated by our Supreme Court, that the fulfillment of due process for litigants
such as Objectors should involve a fishing expedition of a trial court’s daily
dockets to try to identify the filing of an appeal from a matter in which they were a
party below, when they were not properly served with notice of a written decision,
which would have triggered the start of the appeal period.


             Applicant first responds that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to
consider Objectors’ application for intervention filed on March 24, 2015.
Applicant asserts that on October 10, 2014, the trial court entered its order
sustaining Applicant’s appeal from the ZHB’s decision. Applicant argues that, at
all times below, Applicant and the ZHB were the only parties before the trial court.




                                         15
Neither the Township nor Objectors filed a notice of intervention or petition to
intervene and neither participated in any fashion before the trial court.


             Applicant maintains that on March 24, 2015 Objectors filed a petition
to open judgment and to intervene in Applicant’s land use appeal nunc pro tunc.
While Objectors appeared with counsel and participated in both ZHB hearings,
their action on March 24, 2015 was their initial attempt to participate before the
trial court. Under Section 5505 of the Judicial Code, a trial court lacks authority to
award relief more than 30 days after entry of its final order. See Ness v. York
Twp. Bd. of Comm’rs, 123 A.3d 1166 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2015); Ettelman v. Dept. of
Transp., Bureau of Driver Licensing, 92 A.3d 1259 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2014); Borough
of Media v. Cnty. of Delaware, 82 A.3d 509 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2013); In re Consol.
Return of Real Estate Tax Sale, 74 A.3d 1089 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2013). The finality of
an order 30 days after its entry applies not only to claims that have been raised but
also to claims that could have been raised. Ettelman.


             Applicant contends the trial court’s discretion to modify its order
ceases 30 days after entry of the order and thereafter the court may exercise
discretion to modify only upon a showing of extrinsic fraud, lack of jurisdiction
over the subject matter, a fatal defect apparent on the face of the record or some
other evidence of “extraordinary cause” justifying intervention. In Re: Consol.
Return; ISN Bank v. Rajaratnam, 83 A.3d 170, 172 (Pa. Super. 2012); Fulton v.
Bedford Cnty. Tax Claim Bureau, 942 A.2d 240, 242 n.3 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2008). As
set forth below, Applicant argues, there are no extraordinary circumstances in this




                                          16
routine landowner appeal that would establish a right to an untimely application to
intervene.


             Applicant next asserts Objectors lacked standing to appeal any
decision of the trial court here. It contends an adjacent landowner does not have an
automatic right of intervention under the MPC and must instead pursue
intervention subject to the Rules of Civil Procedure.        McLoughlin v. Zoning
Hearing Bd. of Newtown Twp., 953 A.2d 855 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2008). Neither a
municipality nor a neighboring landowner is granted automatic party status in an
appeal from a ZHB decision, despite the fact that both participated as parties
before the ZHB. In order to participate at the trial court level, they must intervene
pursuant to Section 1004-A of the MPC, 53 P.S. §11004-A. Stanbro v. Zoning
Hearing Bd. of Cranberry Twp., 566 A.2d 1285 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1989); Acorn Dev.
Corp. v. Zoning Hearing Bd. of U. Merion Twp., 523 A.2d 436 (Pa. Cmwlth.
1987); Gilchrist.


             Applicant further contends the Pennsylvania Supreme Court recently
weighed in on this question holding that “parties to a hearing” are distinct from
“parties appellant” and unless the former take steps to become party appellants,
they cannot continue to challenge a decision rendered by the trial court. Stuckley,
79 A.3d at 512. Applicant asserts a case on all fours and the progenitor of the law
in this area is Gilchrist. It argues the law on this issue is crystal clear. Objectors,
who participated as parties before the ZHB must either appeal or intervene in the
proceedings before the trial court in order to retain their party status. Borough of
Malvern v. C.N. Agnew, 314 A.2d 52 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1973).



                                          17
             Applicant maintains that Pa. R.C.P. No. 2327 permits intervention
only “during the pendency of an action.”          Sch. Dist. of Robinson Twp. v.
Houghton, 128 A.2d 58, 60 (Pa. 1956). To petition the court to intervene after a
matter is finally resolved is not permitted by the Rules of Civil Procedure. In re
Estate of Albright, 545 A.2d 896 (Pa. Super. 1988).


             Applicant also points out that this Court recently explained:

                    For the benefit of land use practitioners in the
             Commonwealth and in the interest of absolute clarity we wish
             to stress that whether stemming from unfamiliarity with the
             Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure, vestiges of
             countervailing local rules, errors or misrepresentations made by
             counsel, or a matter traversing from courtroom to courtroom
             prior to reaching the merits, this issue has repeatedly reached
             this court and the holding has been the same: Unless you are a
             municipality or an owner or tenant of the property directly
             involved in the action appealed from, you must file a petition to
             intervene in the form of and verified in the manner of a
             plaintiff’s initial pleading in a civil action to participate as an
             intervener in a land use appeal.

Lescinsky v. Twp. of Covington Zoning Hearing Bd., 123 A.3d 379 (Pa. Cmwlth.
2015) (quashing objector’s appeal to this Court where objector filed a notice to
intervene as opposed to a required petition to intervene in the trial court and did not
participate before trial court). Here, Applicant argues, Objectors filed neither a
notice to intervene nor a petition to intervene, and they did not participate in any
manner before the trial court, which warrants quashal of this appeal. See Nahas.


             Applicant also contends the trial court did not abuse its discretion in
deciding the petition to intervene nunc pro tunc without a hearing. It argues,



                                          18
where a court no longer has the power to permit intervention because the matter is
finally adjudicated, a hearing on a petition to intervene would be futile. Santangelo
Hauling Inc. v. Montgomery Cnty., 479 A.2d 88, 89 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1984) (“[I]f an
action is no longer pending, a court would have no power to permit intervention;
and a hearing on the petition would be a futile exercise.”); see also Chairge v.
Exeter Borough Zoning Hearing Bd., 616 A.2d 1057 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1992).


              Finally, Applicant asserts the record is devoid of any extraordinary
circumstances that would excuse Objectors’ untimely petition to intervene. To
resolve this issue, Applicant argues, this Court must begin from the formidable
presumption that a motion to intervene filed after entry of a final order should be
denied except in extraordinary circumstances. M.J.M. Fin. Servs., Inc. v. Burgess,
533 A.2d 1092 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1987). However, the extraordinary circumstances to
be reviewed cannot pertain to the merits or the substantive defense the intervenor
seeks to litigate. Chairge. Rather, it is the circumstances proffered to excuse the
untimely filing that must be scrutinized. Jackson v. Hendrick, 446 A.2d 226 (Pa.
1982).


              Here, Applicant maintains, Objectors offer feeble bases for a finding
of extraordinary circumstances to justify their untimely petition. Specifically,
Objectors argue: (1) they never received notice of the written ZHB decision; (2)
they never received the ZHB’s opinion with findings of fact and conclusions of
law; and, (3) they were never served with a copy of Applicant’s land use appeal to
the trial court.




                                         19
            As to Objectors’ claim that Applicant deprived them of due process
by failing to serve them with notice of its land use appeal, Applicant relies on
Boerner where, it asserts, this Court rejected the same argument.


            With regard to the due process violation asserted against the ZHB for
failure to provide Objectors with the ZHB’s written decision, Applicant argues, the
record is indisputable that Objectors were present with counsel on April 21, 2014
when the ZHB announced its oral decision denying Applicant’s request for relief.
Thus, it is clear from the record that Objectors had actual notice of the ZHB’s
decision. In this regard, Applicant contends, Objectors’ reliance on Mihal and
Clemens is misplaced.     Additionally, unlike the protestors in those cases, the
ZHB’s decision was in Objectors’ favor.          Applicant contends that, absent
demonstrated injury to Objectors, Section 908(10) of the MPC is directory only.
Limekiln Golf Course, Inc. v. Zoning Bd. of Adjustment of Horsham Twp., 275
A.2d 896, 904 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1971) (en banc).


            Also, Applicant argues, Objectors here had actual notice of the 30-day
period within which Applicant had to file its land use appeal with the trial court.
Applicant asserts this circumstance alone should be sufficient to affirm the trial
court. See George Family Ltd. P’ship v. S. Union Twp. Zoning Hearing Bd.¸ (Pa.
Cmwlth., Nos. 965, 1014 C.D. 2013, filed March 31, 2014), 2014 WL 1285408
(unreported).


            With regard to Objectors’ claim concerning the ZHB’s failure to
provide Objectors with a written copy of the opinion, including findings of fact and



                                        20
conclusions of law, Applicant observes Objectors had no property interest at risk
before the ZHB. Simply establishing a statutory violation (here, Section 908(10)
of the MPC, if there was one) does not establish a due process violation. McKivitz
v. Twp. of Stowe, 769 F.Supp.2d 803 (W.D. Pa. 2010). Additionally, Applicant
contends, while the Third Circuit found Pennsylvania’s statutory scheme for
adjudicating challenges to zoning ordinances to be consistent with the
requirements of the due process clause, Rogin v. Bensalem Township, 616 F.2d
680, 694-95 (3d Cir. 1980), the obvious must be stated: Objectors had no property
interest at issue before the ZHB.     Applicant maintains that a procedural due
process analysis is limited to the landowner, whose property is subject of the
hearing. Once Objectors participated with counsel before the ZHB and received a
decision favorable to them, Applicant asserts, they were afforded all their statutory
rights under the MPC.


             Lastly, Applicant asserts, Objectors claim a due process violation
because the ZHB’s failure to provide notice of its decision would compel
Objectors to continually check the trial court’s dockets to find the proverbial
“needle in the haystack” and attempt to identify whether any appeal was filed. Br.
of Appellee at 21 (citation omitted). Applicant counters that, because Objectors
appeared before the ZHB with counsel on April 21, 2015, when the decision to
deny Applicant’s application was announced, Objectors simply had to wait 33 days
and check the trial court docket under “Pendle Hill” and they would have
discovered not only that a land use appeal was perfected but that a writ of
certiorari for the ZHB’s record was also issued. With the return on the writ on
June 11, 2014, Objectors had all the information provided to the parties and had



                                         21
120 days in which to intervene before the trial court’s final order was entered on
October 9, 2014. Applicant asserts it should not be required to re-litigate this
matter simply because Objectors’ counsel did not attend to the standard of care
required for proceedings such as this.


             In sum, Applicant maintains, for this Court to conclude that an
adjacent landowner-protester, who had actual knowledge of the ZHB’s decision
and who failed to review the trial court’s docket on the 31st, 32nd or 33rd day after
that decision, can nevertheless claim extraordinary circumstances to support a nunc
pro tunc application to intervene five-and-a-half months after final adjudication
would reverse, by implication, the entire body of the law developed in this area.
Applicant argues the question of timeliness of the petition to intervene is one
exclusively within the trial court’s discretion. An appellate court may not interfere
with that discretion absent a manifest abuse. Here, Applicant asserts, the trial
court’s observations reflect its considered and cogent attention to Objectors’
claims.   Because there are no extraordinary circumstances extant to excuse
Objectors’ untimely attempt to intervene, the trial court’s order should be affirmed.


                                    B. Analysis
             As set forth above, on October 9, 2014, the trial court issued an order
reversing the ZHB’s decision and granting Applicant’s request for zoning relief.
Approximately five-and-a-half months later, Objectors filed a petition to open
judgment and to intervene in Applicant’s land use appeal nunc pro tunc.




                                         22
             As to intervention in land use appeals, Section 1004-A of the MPC, 53
P.S. §11004-A, states:

             Within the 30 days first following the filing of a land use
             appeal, if the appeal is from a board or agency of a
             municipality, the municipality and any owner or tenant of
             property directly involved in the action appealed from may
             intervene as of course by filing a notice of intervention,
             accompanied by proof of service of the same, upon each
             appellant or each appellant’s counsel of record. All other
             intervention shall be governed by the Pennsylvania Rules of
             Civil Procedure.


             In turn, Pa. R.C.P. Nos. 2326-2350 govern intervention. Rule 2327
states, in relevant part (with emphasis added):

             At any time during the pendency of an action, a person not a
             party thereto shall be permitted to intervene therein, subject to
             these rules if

                                           ****

             (4) the determination of such action may affect any legally
             enforceable interest of such person whether or not such person
             may be bound by a judgment in the action.

Pa. R.C.P. No. 2327(4).


      In addition, Pa. R.C.P. No. 2329 provides, in pertinent part:

             Upon the filing of the petition and after hearing, of which due
             notice shall be given to all parties, the court, if the allegations
             of the petition have been established and are found to be
             sufficient, shall enter an order allowing intervention; but an
             application for intervention may be refused, if

                                          ****



                                         23
             (3) the petitioner has unduly delayed in making application for
             intervention or the intervention will unduly delay, embarrass or
             prejudice the trial or the adjudication of the rights of the parties.

Pa. R.C.P. No. 2329(3).


             A petition to intervene filed after entry of a decree should be denied
except in extraordinary circumstances. Jackson; Chairge; M.J.M. Fin. Servs. In
M.J.M. Financial Services, this Court held that a purported intervenor’s alleged
lack of awareness of litigation involving a petition to set aside a tax sale prior to
the common pleas court’s order setting aside the sale was an extraordinary
circumstance that authorized intervention after entry of the order. We stated:

             [The appellee] asserts that the petition to intervene was properly
             denied because it was untimely. It is true that Pa.R.C.P. No.
             2327 permits intervention during the pendency of an action. It
             is also true that Newberg [v. Board of Public Education, 330
             478 A.2d 1352 (Pa. Super. 1984),] held that a petition to
             intervene filed after entry of an adjudication but within the
             thirty-day period to appeal is untimely. Newberg, however,
             does not deal with the situation where the purported intervenor
             was allegedly unaware of the litigation. Nor does Rule 2327
             address that problem. [The purported intervener] has alleged
             that it was unaware of the petition to set aside the sale until two
             days after the order itself setting aside the sale was entered and
             was not aware of the order until [two weeks later]. A motion to
             intervene after entry of a decree should be denied except in
             extraordinary circumstances. [Jackson]. We hold that such
             extraordinary circumstances are present here, and hence that
             intervention should have been permitted.

M.J.M. Fin. Servs., 533 A.2d at 1094 (emphasis in original).


             Here, in their petition to intervene before the trial court, see R.R. at
24a, 26a, 28a, and in their brief to this Court, Objectors assert the ZHB did not



                                          24
provide them written notice of the ZHB’s decision as required by Section 908(10)
of the MPC. That Section states (with emphasis added):

            A copy of the final decision or, where no decision is called for,
            of the findings shall be delivered to the applicant personally or
            mailed to him not later than the day following its date. To all
            other persons who have filed their name and address with the
            board not later than the last day of the hearing, the board shall
            provide by mail or otherwise, brief notice of the decision or
            findings and a statement of the place at which the full decision
            or findings may be examined.

53 P.S. §10908(10).


            As Applicant points out, this Court repeatedly holds that the statement
in the first part of Section 908(10) that a zoning board’s final decision shall be
delivered or mailed to an applicant no later than the day following the date of the
decision is directory, not mandatory. Geryville Materials, Inc. v. L. Milford Twp.
Zoning Hearing Bd., 972 A.2d 136 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2009); Pae v. Hilltown Twp.
Zoning Hearing Bd., 385 A.2d 616, 618 n.1 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1978) (“Absent
demonstrated injury to appellants, Section 908(10) of the MPC is directory only.”);
Limekiln Golf Course, 275 A.2d at 904 (“[W]e have no hesitancy in concluding
that the delivery or mailing requirement of clause (10) is directory rather than
mandatory.”); George Family Ltd. P’ship. However, these cases do not control
here because they only address the duty owed to an applicant under Section
908(10) of the MPC and do not address the duty owed to the objectors by a ZHB.
See George Family Ltd. P’ship.


            The duty owed by a ZHB to the objectors under Section 908(10) of
the MPC was addressed in Mihal and Clemens. See George Family Ltd. P’ship.


                                        25
In Mihal, we held that a ZHB erred as a matter of law under Section 908(10), when
it did not provide notice of its decision to four objectors who filed their names and
addresses with the ZHB before the final hearing. As a result of the board’s failure,
we held the appeal filed by the objectors was timely, even though it was filed after
the 30-day appeal period. In reaching our decision in Mihal, we relied on our en
banc decision in Clemens, in which this Court held that an appeal filed by
objectors 52 days after the ZHB issued its decision was timely where there was no
evidence that the ZHB provided the objectors notice of its decision.


             Here, despite the fact that Objectors appeared with counsel and filed
their names and addresses with the ZHB, the ZHB did not provide Objectors notice
of its decision and a statement of the place at which the full decision or findings
could be examined as required by Section 908(10) of the MPC. Applicant does not
directly dispute this fact. Appellants’ Br. at 8, 11; R.R. at 50a-51a. Further,
although Objectors had notice of the ZHB’s oral vote, the express language of
Section 908(10) required the ZHB to provide Objectors notice of its “decision.”
Mihal, 545 A.2d at 1004; Clemens, 281 A.2d at 95-96.


             To that end, we respectfully reject the trial court’s determination (and
Applicant’s argument on appeal) that, because Objectors attended the hearing at
which the ZHB announced its oral vote, such notice was sufficient to satisfy
Section 908(10). More particularly, Section 908(10) required the ZHB to provide
Objectors “by mail or otherwise, brief notice of the decision … and a statement of
the place at which the full decision … may be examined.” 53 P.S. §10908(10)
(emphasis added). Under the MPC a “decision” is defined as a “final adjudication”



                                         26
of a ZHB. Section 107(b) of the MPC, 53 P.S. §10107(b). “The decisional law of
this Commonwealth confirms that a final order of a [ZHB] must be reduced to
writing.” Seipstown Vill., LLC v. Zoning Hearing Bd. of Weisenberg Twp., 882
A.2d 32 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2005) (citing Relosky v. Sacco, 523 A.2d 1112 (Pa. 1987);
Mountain Prot. Alliance v. Fayette Cnty. Zoning Hearing Bd., 757 A.2d 1007 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2000)). Thus, the “decision” referred to in Section 908(10) is the ZHB’s
final, written adjudication. Id. Indeed, after its initial oral vote, the ZHB had the
right to vote again and alter its decision prior to rendering a written decision. Id.
As such, we reject the position that notice of the ZHB’s oral vote satisfied the
requirement in Section 908(10) of the MPC.


             In short, under Mihal and Clemens objectors may file an untimely
appeal of a ZHB decision where the ZHB fails to give notice of its final, written
decision; a similar result may be appropriate here where the ZHB failed to give
Objectors notice of its final, written decision, and Objectors filed an untimely
petition to intervene. Thus, a remand is necessary for the trial court to determine
whether the ZHB’s failure to comply with “the mandate of the statute,”7 by
providing proper notice of its decision to Objectors constitutes extraordinary cause
justifying the grant of Objectors’ untimely petition to intervene. In so doing, the
trial court must determine whether the ZHB’s failure to provide the required notice
caused the untimely filing of Objectors’ petition to intervene. As to the causation
issue, Objectors shall bear the burden of proof.



      7
         Clemens v. Zoning Hearing Bd. of U. Gwynedd Twp., 281 A.2d 93, 95 (Pa. Cmwlth.
1971) (en banc).



                                          27
               Further support for our conclusion regarding the insufficiency of an
oral vote is found in our Supreme Court’s decision in Narberth Borough v. Lower
Merion Township, 915 A.2d 626 (Pa. 2007). There, the Court held that the 30-day
appeal period set forth in Section 1002-A of the MPC,8 53 P.S. §11002-A (“All
appeals from all land use decisions rendered pursuant to Article IX shall be taken
to the court of common pleas of the judicial district wherein the land is located and
shall be filed within 30 days after entry of the decision as provided in 42 Pa. C.S. §
5572 (relating to time of entry of order) …”) begins to run from the mailing of the
written decision.      See 2 ROBERT S. RYAN, PENNSYLVANIA ZONING LAW                   AND

PRACTICE §11.3.2 (2016 cumulative supp.) (“Where a written decision is entered,
the rule remains that the 30-day appeal period runs from the date of the written
decision, notwithstanding that the protestant was present at the earlier formal
vote.”) (citing Narberth Borough).


               Here, because Objectors did not receive notice of the ZHB’s written
decision, they lacked notice of the commencement of the 30-day period within
which Applicant had to file its land use appeal to the trial court so as to allow them
to ascertain the timeframe within which an appeal could be taken and to further
determine whether intervention was necessary. The ZHB here announced its oral
vote on April 21, 2014 and gave written notice of that decision to Applicant a few
days later. See R.R. at 12a. However, the ZHB did not issue its written decision
until six weeks later on June 2, 2014. R.R. at 15a-19a.




      8
          Section 1002-A of the MPC was added by the Act of December 21, 1988, P.L. 1329.



                                             28
              This Court previously held that the ZHB’s “notice of a decision is not
equivalent to the entry of an order, and therefore the appeal period does not begin
to run until the [ZHB] mails its written decision.” Bishop Nursing Home v.
Zoning Hearing Bd. of Middletown Twp., 638 A.2d 383, 386 n.2 (Pa. Cmwlth.
1994) (emphasis added); see also Border v. Zoning Hearing Bd. of City of Easton,
460 A.2d 918, 920 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1983) (ZHB’s decision was “entered” when its
findings of fact and conclusions of law were served on appellant; appeal period
commenced on that date, not on date ZHB sent appellant notice of decision
denying requested relief with reasons for denial). In light of the fact that the
appeal period did not begin to run until the ZHB issued its written decision on June
2, 2014, Applicant’s claim that Objectors should have monitored the trial court’s
docket to ascertain whether Applicant had, in fact, filed a land use appeal within 30
days of the ZHB’s notice of its oral vote (which was not sent to Objectors) is
unavailing.


              Of further note, a secondary but significant concern expressed by the
Supreme Court in Narberth Borough was the “asymmetry of treatment” of an
applicant for subdivision approval, to whom a written decision must be transmitted,
and others, such as objectors, to whom a decision need not be sent pursuant to
Section 508(1) of the MPC, 53 P.S. §10508(1). Id. at 636; see also Marc D. Jonas,
Avoiding Pitfalls in Assuring Timeliness of Appeals in Land Use Cases, 78 Pa.
B.A.Q. 77 (2007).        The concern was whether non-applicants were at a
disadvantage in discerning the time for appeal.




                                         29
            The concern over asymmetrical treatment expressed by our Supreme
Court in Narberth Borough is present here to a greater degree because, unlike
Section 508(1) of the MPC at issue in Narberth Borough, Section 908(10) of the
MPC (which applies in zoning matters such as this) expressly requires such notice.


            In addition, although Applicant contends the trial court lacked
jurisdiction over Objectors’ petition to intervene because it was filed more than 30
days after the trial court’s order reversing the ZHB’s decision, as this Court
previously explained:

                   Section 5505 of the Judicial Code … mandates as
            follows: ‘Except as otherwise provided or prescribed by law, a
            court upon notice to the parties may modify or rescind any
            order within 30 days after its entry, notwithstanding the prior
            termination of any term of court, if no appeal from such order
            has been taken or allowed.’ Section 5505 restricts the power of
            the courts to amend, modify or vacate final orders to 30 days
            from the date the order is entered. An exception to this rule
            occurs where fraud or some other circumstance exists that is ‘so
            grave or compelling as to constitute extraordinary cause
            justifying intervention by the court,’ allowing the court to open
            or vacate its order after the 30 day period has expired. 42
            Pa.C.S. § 5504. First Union Mortgage Corp. v. Frempong, 744
            A.2d 327, 334 (Pa. Super. 1999). Moreover, ‘[c]ourts have
            modified and rescinded orders beyond the normal time limits
            and taken other corrective measures in cases where it would
            have been inequitable for parties to suffer consequences of the
            court’s errors.’ Jackson v. Hendrick, [746 A.2d 574, 576 (Pa.
            2000) (plurality opinion)]. In this regard, the exceptions are
            similar to the power of the court to grant a nunc pro tunc appeal
            under limited circumstances when otherwise it would lack
            jurisdiction over that appeal.

Ainsworth, 807 A.2d at 937 (emphasis added) (footnotes omitted).




                                        30
               “‘Extraordinary cause’ refers to an oversight or action on the part of
the court or the judicial process which operates to deny the losing party knowledge
of the entry of final judgment so that the commencement of the running of the
appeal time is not known to the losing party.” Mfrs. & Traders Trust Co., 108 A.3d
at 919.


               Here, as set forth above, the ZHB failed to notify Objectors of its
final, written decision in violation of Section 908(10) of the MPC. Objectors assert
that, because of this failure (and Applicant’s failure to serve Objectors with a copy
of its land use appeal, which they concede, was not required under this Court’s
decision in Boerner9), they were unaware of the proceedings before the trial court
as well as the trial court’s order that reversed the ZHB’s decision. As explained
above, under these circumstances, a remand is appropriate for the trial court to
determine whether extraordinary cause exists for the trial court to rescind or
modify its order beyond the generally applicable 30-day period.10

       9
          In Boerner v. Hazle Township Zoning Hearing Board, 845 A.2d 210 (Pa. Cmwlth.
2004), this Court held that the MPC does not require an applicant to provide notice of his land
use appeal of a ZHB decision to objectors. We further stated, “assuming arguendo” the
objectors did not receive the ZHB’s decision in that case, they could not appeal the decision
because the ZHB’s decision was essentially rendered in their favor. In a footnote, however, we
stated: “To reiterate, [the] [o]bjectors averred in their petition to intervene that they did not
receive notice of [the applicant’s] land use appeal, not that they did not receive notice of the
[ZHB’s] decision denying [the applicant’s] application for a variance.” Here, unlike in Boerner,
Objectors repeatedly asserted that they did not receive written notice of the ZHB’s decision
denying Applicant’s various requests for zoning relief and a statement of the place at which the
full decision or findings may be examined as required by Section 908(10) of the MPC.
       10
           Nevertheless, Applicant contends Objectors lacked standing to appeal the trial court’s
reversal order based on their failure to obtain party status. Contrary to this assertion, the order
on appeal here is not the trial court’s reversal order; rather, we are currently concerned with the
trial court’s later order denying Objectors’ petition to open judgment and to intervene nunc pro
tunc. As to the denial of intervention, Objectors clearly had standing to appeal.
(Footnote continued on next page…)

                                                31
                                         III. Conclusion
               Based on the foregoing, the trial court’s order is vacated, and this
matter is remanded to the trial court to determine whether extraordinary cause
exists to permit Objectors’ untimely intervention. Because Pa. R.C.P. No. 2329,
anticipates a hearing, and no hearing has yet been held, a hearing shall be held on
remand. If the trial court determines such cause exists, and no other basis to refuse
intervention is apparent, it shall permit Objectors to intervene in Applicant’s land
use appeal from the ZHB’s decision, and it shall issue a new decision on
Applicant’s land use appeal with Objectors’ participation. 11


(continued…)

        Because Objectors were not a party to the land use appeal, they had no standing to appeal
the trial court’s reversal order. See M.J.M. Fin. Servs., Inc. v. Burgess, 533 A.2d 1092 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 1987). When Objectors learned of that adverse order, they filed their petition to
intervene nunc pro tunc, and when intervention was denied they timely appealed that order.
       11
           Objectors also contend the trial court was compelled to find there was extraordinary
cause to disturb its order reversing the ZHB’s decision based on Objectors’ claim that the trial
court’s basis for reversing the ZHB’s decision was never raised before the ZHB or in Applicant’s
land use appeal and, as such, the trial court was prohibited from entering the final order.
         More particularly, Objectors maintain the trial court’s order cited as grounds for its ruling
the federal Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA), 42 U.S.C.
§§2000cc-2000cc-5, a statute that appeared for the first time in that order. Objectors argue
Applicant never raised any argument or citation to that federal law as a reason that it should be
granted zoning relief in its application to the ZHB, see R.R. at 3a-6a, or in its land use appeal.
Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 9a-13a. Objectors further assert it was improper for the trial court
to reverse the ZHB based on this federal law by way of an “agreement” between Applicant and
the Township, where the Township never intervened in Applicant’s land use appeal, and the
ZHB apparently did not participate in the “agreement” on which the trial court relied.
Appellants’ Br. at 22. Prior to this off-the-record “agreement,” Objectors contend, no issue was
ever raised that Applicant was entitled to relief under the RLUIPA. Id.
         Based on our resolution of this matter, it is not necessary to address this issue.
Nevertheless, this Court previously stated that the alleged extraordinary circumstances required
to justify the grant of a petition to intervene after entry of an order cannot relate to the merits of
an underlying zoning appeal. Chairge v. Exeter Borough Zoning Hearing Bd., 616 A.2d 1057
(Pa. Cmwlth. 1992). Because Objectors’ contentions on this point relate to the merits of the
(Footnote continued on next page…)

                                                 32
                                            ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge


Judge Covey did not participate in the decision in this case.




(continued…)

underlying zoning appeal, these assertions cannot serve as a basis for a finding of extraordinary
circumstances justifying the grant of Objectors’ untimely petition to intervene.



                                               33
        IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Pendle Hill                                   :
                                              :
              v.                              :   No. 933 C.D. 2015
                                              :
The Zoning Hearing Board of                   :
Nether Providence Township                    :
                                              :
Appeal of: William Brophy and                 :
Erin Brophy                                   :


                                      ORDER

              AND NOW, this 10th day of March, 2016, the order of the Court of
Common Pleas of Delaware County is VACATED and this matter is
REMANDED for proceedings consistent with the foregoing opinion.


              Jurisdiction is relinquished.




                                         ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge
