                                                              NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                ____________

                                     No. 19-2981
                                    ____________

                             FREDERICK BOUNASISSI;
                              STACEY BOUNASISSI,
                                          Appellants

                                           v.

                        PHH MORTGAGE SERVICES, INC.
                               ____________

                  On Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of New Jersey
                              (D.C. No. 1-17-cv-01028)
                  District Court Judge: Honorable Robert B. Kugler
                                    ____________

                  Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
                                  March 23, 2020

         Before: JORDAN, RESTREPO and GREENBERG, Circuit Judges.

                                 (Filed: June 11, 2020)
                                     ____________

                                      OPINION *
                                    ____________

RESTREPO, Circuit Judge.

       This is an appeal of the District Court’s dismissal of this case without prejudice

under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m) for failure to timely serve the defendant.

Under 8 U.S.C. § 1291, this Court shall not exercise jurisdiction over decisions that


*
 This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does
not constitute binding precedent.
are not “final.” Because Appellants have not provided any reason for this Court to

find an exception to this rule, we must dismiss this appeal for lack of jurisdiction.

                                                I

       In the underlying District Court action, Appellants Frederick and Stacey

Bounasissi alleged that PHH Mortgage Services, Inc. violated their statutory rights in

its handling of the 2014 foreclosure of their home. They filed a ten-count complaint

on February 15, 2017. Approximately eight months later, on October 5, 2017, the

District Court issued a “notice of call for dismissal pursuant to L. Civ. R. 41.1(a) for

lack of prosecution.” App. 60. After this notice, the Bounasissis provided a

certificate of service indicating that PHH was served on July 28, 2017—over 150 days

after they filed their Complaint. 1

       The District Court reviewed the Bounasissis’ unopposed motion for default

judgment, ordering them to show cause as to “why the Complaint should not be

dismissed with prejudice for lack of jurisdiction under the Rooker-Feldman doctrine

and/or because Plaintiffs’ claims are barred by New Jersey’s entire controversy

doctrine”—and why it should not be dismissed “without prejudice for lack of timely

service pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m).” App. 50–51 (emphasis

added).




       1
          Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m), “[i]f a defendant is not served
within 90 days after the complaint is filed, the court--on motion or on its own after
notice to the plaintiff--must dismiss the action without prejudice against that
defendant or order that service be made within a specified time.” A court must extend
the time for service “if the plaintiff shows good cause for the failure.” Fed. R. Civ. P.
4(m).
                                            2
       The Bounasissis filed a response. Considering their submission, the District

Court found that they “failed to show good cause for their failure to timely serve

defendants.” App. 59. Specifically, the Court found unconvincing their argument that

the “process server failed to effectuate timely service for ‘reasons unknown’” and

accordingly dismissed the case pursuant to Rule 4(m). App. 62. Dismissal under

Rule 4(m) operates as a dismissal without prejudice. Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m) (stating that

dismissals under this rule are “without prejudice”). The Bounasissis now appeal the

District Court’s Rule 4(m) ruling.

                                           II

                                           A

       We cannot reach the merits of this appeal—or any other—unless we have

jurisdiction. “[F]ederal courts have an independent obligation to assure themselves of

their own jurisdiction.” Wayne Land and Mineral Grp. LLC v. Del. River Basin

Comm’n, 894 F.3d 509, 522 n.9 (3d Cir. 2018).

       The District Court exercised jurisdiction over this case pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §

1331. This Court has jurisdiction over “appeals from all final decisions of the district

courts.” 8 U.S.C. § 1291 (emphasis added). A final decision is an order that “ends

litigation on the merits and leaves nothing for the court to do but execute the

judgment.” Core Commc’ns Inc. v. Verizon Pa., Inc., 493 F.3d 333, 337 (3d Cir.

2007) (quoting Richman Bros. Records, Inc. v. U.S. Sprint Commc’ns Co., 953 F.2d

1431, 1441 (3d Cir. 1991)). Although an order dismissing a complaint without

prejudice (as with a dismissal under Rule 4(m)) is generally not considered a final

order, there are certain exceptions, including when the applicable statutes of


                                            3
limitations would prohibit refiling the claims. Id.; Ahmed v. Dragovich, 297 F.3d 201,

207 (3d Cir. 2002). See also S.B. v. KinderCare Learning Ctrs. LLC, 815 F.3d 150,

152–53 (3d Cir. 2016) (recognizing the “legal prejudice exception” applicable when

“the plaintiff’s ability to refile is foreclosed”); Weber v. McGrogan, 939 F.3d 232, 240

(3d Cir. 2019) (recognizing the narrow “stand on the complaint” doctrine applicable

when a plaintiff “submit[s] a clear and unequivocal declaration of intent to ‘stand on

her complaint’”).

                                                 B

       In order to assess whether this case may fit an exception to the general rule that

a dismissal without prejudice is not a final order, this Court entered the following Order

on March 31, 2020:


       Please address in a supplemental letter brief no more than two single-
       spaced pages whether the District Court’s dismissal of this case “without
       prejudice” pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m) is a final
       order over which this Court has jurisdiction. See 8 U.S.C. Section 1291;
       Core Communications Inc. v. Verizon Pa., Inc., 493 F. 3d 333, 337 (3d
       Cir. 2007). In your analysis, please specifically note (1) whether the
       statutes of limitations have run on some or all your claims (specifying
       which claims), see Core Communications Inc.[], 493 F. 3d at 337; Ahmed
       v. Dragovich, 297 F. 3d 201, 207 (3d Cir. 2002), and whether you are
       abandoning any claims that may remain viable, see Trevino v. Pittsburgh
       Nat. Bank, 919 F. 2d 874, 877-78 (3d Cir. 1990), and (2) whether you are
       abandoning all claims before the District Court in favor of “standing on
       your complaint” (if you answer this request affirmatively, there is no need
       to address the first request), Weber v. McGrogan, 939 F. 3d 232, 240-41
       (3d Cir. 2019). This letter brief shall be filed on or before April 10, 2020.

       Appellants never responded. And Appellants have not otherwise provided this

Court any basis for deeming the District Court’s order final and exercising our

jurisdiction.



                                             4
       Generally, issues not raised in an appellant’s opening brief are deemed waived

on appeal. New Jersey v. Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc., 640 F.3d 545, 547 n.3 (3d Cir.

2011). Because the Bounasissis neither addressed our Court’s jurisdiction in their

opening brief nor when expressly given the opportunity to do so, we are left with no

choice but to conclude that the District Court’s dismissal under Rule 4(m) does not

constitute a final order. Accordingly, we will dismiss this case for lack of jurisdiction.




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