[Cite as State v. Berila, 2020-Ohio-3523.]


STATE OF OHIO                      )                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                   )ss:               NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF MEDINA                   )

STATE OF OHIO                                         C.A. No.      19CA0007-M

        Appellee

        v.                                            APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                      ENTERED IN THE
SHAWN M. BERILA                                       COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                                                      COUNTY OF MEDINA, OHIO
        Appellant                                     CASE No.   17CR0939

                                  DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: June 30, 2020



        TEODOSIO, Judge.

        {¶1}     Appellant, Shawn M. Berila, appeals from his convictions for gross sexual

imposition (“GSI”) and rape in the Medina County Court of Common Pleas. This Court affirms.

                                                 I.

        {¶2}     When the victim (“J.S.”) was only seven years old, Mr. Berila married her mother,

and the family of three soon moved from a trailer into a house in Seville. By all accounts, Mr.

Berila was a very strict disciplinarian through the years as J.S.’ step-father. For instance, J.S.

would be grounded for months at a time, she was not allowed to get a driver’s license until she

turned eighteen, and she was not allowed to have a boyfriend.

        {¶3}     According to J.S., when she was eleven years old, Mr. Berila began sexually

abusing her over the span of a decade, from 2003 to 2013. The first incident occurred sometime

in the fall of 2003. Mr. Berila was taking a bath while J.S.’ mother was at work, and he summoned

J.S. to bring him a drink. After she put his can of Pepsi on the bathroom sink, Mr. Berila called
                                                 2


her over to the bathtub, grabbed her by the hand, forced her hand onto his penis, and told her to

grab it. J.S. testified that Mr. Berila began molesting her frequently from that moment on, usually

while her mother was at work. He would call her to his bedroom after she got home from school,

where he would lay on his bed and make her give him “hand jobs” or “blow jobs” until he

ejaculated. Sometimes he would either remove her clothes or have her take off her own clothes,

and she felt she had no choice but to comply. The sexual abuse progressed through the years and

Mr. Berila began having vaginal intercourse with J.S. when she was sixteen years old. He would

put her on his bed and force himself inside of her while holding her down. She sometimes tried to

resist and sometimes cried, but he was much stronger and she realized her efforts were futile. It

became such a normal routine for J.S. that when Mr. Berila would tell her to go to his bedroom

she would sometimes just take off her clothes while waiting for him because she “knew it was

going to happen anyway * * *.” J.S. never told anyone because Mr. Berila showed her his gun

and threatened to “kill [them] all if [she] told anybody.” Mr. Berila admitted he bought a gun for

protection in the event his father showed up at the house. Mr. Berila’s father was being released

after serving a lengthy prison term for sexually abusing Mr. Berila’s sister and attempting to

sexually abuse Mr. Berila’s brother sometime in the 1970’s.

       {¶4}    According to J.S., Mr. Berila impregnated her when she was nineteen years old, but

they told her mother that the father of the child was a random guy at a party. Her parents insisted

that she get an abortion against her wishes, although at trial Mr. Berila claimed to have actually

opposed the abortion. J.S. recalled that the sexual assaults continued after the abortion, albeit not

as often. When she was hospitalized following threats of suicide, her mother recalled Mr. Berila

being there “every possible second” for visiting hours. A doctor noted in J.S.’ medical records

that during his interview with her, Mr. Berila was overly concerned, talked over J.S., and overtook
                                                   3


the interview.      Her mother recalled Mr. Berila being “pissed” at one point when a nurse

admonished him for climbing into the hospital bed with J.S. and placing his arm around her, which

incident was also noted by the nurse in J.S.’ medical records.

        {¶5}       During a family vacation to Cancun, Mexico, in 2014, the family had two queen-

sized beds in their hotel room, yet Mr. Berila decided to sleep in J.S.’ bed with her for several

nights, although the actual number of nights was disputed. He claimed there was no room in the

other bed, as he wanted to give her sunburnt mother some space. J.S. recalled Mr. Berila telling

her he felt like they were in a relationship, but at trial he denied making this remark. Her mother

recalled that Mr. Berila would take many pictures of J.S. and would position himself close to her

in the pictures.

        {¶6}       In late 2014, J.S. moved out of the family house. According to her mother, Mr.

Berila was very upset and heartbroken when J.S. moved out, and “he said it was like she had broke

(sic) up with him.” Mr. Berila admitted being emotionally distraught at the time, but only recalled

saying “it was like losing [their] daughter” or “like she was leaving [them].” The mother claimed

Mr. Berila was so upset that he attempted suicide by taking several Vicodin pills. Mr. Berila

denied attempting suicide, but conceded he may have taken Vicodin for neck pain. J.S. met and

began dating a boyfriend (“A.S.”) sometime that same year. She recalled revealing the sexual

abuse to A.S. in 2015, which he corroborated at trial, but she refused his advice to tell her mother

because she was still scared and not ready to tell her. When she began to miss her mother and later

asked about returning home to live, her mother said yes, but Mr. Berila said no. J.S.’ mother

divorced Mr. Berila sometime thereafter and moved into her own apartment.

        {¶7}       Sometime in 2016, J.S. broke up with A.S. and met a new boyfriend (“J.H.”). After

J.H. decided to move to Florida, J.S. attempted suicide by ingesting five ibuprofen pills and seven
                                                 4


Advil pills and making superficial cuts to her left wrist. She was hospitalized again and revealed

to staff that Mr. Berila not only sexually abused her, but was also the father of her aborted child.

Afterward, she made eleven visits to a counselor and revealed the sexual abuse to her as well.

        {¶8}   In early 2017, when J.S. was twenty-four years old, she texted her grandmother and

revealed Mr. Berila’s sexual abuse. The police were soon contacted and they launched an

investigation. The police had J.S. send some “controlled texts” to Mr. Berila asking to talk with

him, but Mr. Berila refused to talk to J.S. via text or over the phone. He texted back that he would

only agree to meet with her in person. The police never set up an actual meeting, however, once

they learned J.S.’ mother had revealed her daughter’s sexual abuse allegations to a co-worker.

Two officers then went to Mr. Berila’s home and told him they had some questions about his step-

daughter. According to Officer Joshua Thompson, Mr. Berila seemed nervous and surprised, and

he told them he would prefer to talk with them at the nearby police station. Although the police

station was not even one mile away, Officer Thompson recalled that Mr. Berila showed up thirty

minutes later, appeared “real (sic) shaken up,” and smelled strongly of cigarettes, as if he had

smoked an entire pack. Mr. Berila explained that he called his brother and his attorney during that

time.

        {¶9}   Mr. Berila was indicted on one count of gross sexual imposition (“GSI”) in

violation of R.C. 2907.05(A)(4), six counts of rape in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b), and

twenty-four counts of rape in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(2).

        {¶10} Many months later, but prior to trial, J.S. remembered that Mr. Berila, who had a

hobby of photography, had taken nude pictures of her at some point. She informed the prosecutor,

and the police obtained a search warrant for Mr. Berila’s home. When they arrived at his home to

execute the warrant, Officer Thompson recalled that Mr. Berila no longer appeared nervous, but
                                                  5


seemed rather “cocky” instead. No illicit pictures of J.S. were ultimately discovered in the house.

However, police located keyboards and monitors that presumably went to two unaccounted-for

desktop computers. Mr. Berila admitted at trial that, while remodeling the home sometime prior

to the execution of the search warrant, he threw out two desktop computers that had been in the

house for years; one of which was his personal “gaming” computer.

       {¶11} The matter proceeded to a jury trial, where Mr. Berila was convicted of all thirty-

one counts in the indictment. The trial court ordered a pre-sentence investigation report (“PSI”)

and later sentenced Mr. Berila to four years in prison for GSI (Count 1), life in prison with parole

eligibility after ten years for each of the six R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b) rapes (Counts 2 through 7), and

a mandatory nine years in prison for each of the twenty-four R.C. 2907.02(A)(2) rapes (Counts 8

through 31). The court ordered Counts 2 through 7 to run concurrently with each other, but

consecutively to Count 1, Counts 8 through 25, and Counts 26 through 31. Counts 8 through 25

were run concurrently with each other, but consecutively to Count 1. Counts 26 through 31 were

run concurrently with each other, but consecutively to Count 1 and Counts 8 through 25. The court

also classified Mr. Berila as a Tier III sex offender.

       {¶12} Mr. Berila now appeals from his convictions and raises five assignments of error

for this Court’s review.

                                                  II.

                                ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR ONE

       THE EVIDENCE WAS INSUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE JURY VERDICTS
       OF GUILTY.

                               ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR TWO

       APPELLANT’S CONVICTIONS WERE AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT
       OF THE EVIDENCE.
                                                   6


       {¶13} In his first and second assignments of error, Mr. Berila argues that his convictions

were not supported by sufficient evidence and were against the manifest weight of the evidence.

We disagree with both propositions.

       {¶14} Sufficiency and manifest weight are two separate, legally distinct arguments, and

Mr. Berila indeed argues them separately in his merit brief. See State v. Vincente-Colon, 9th Dist.

Lorain No. 09CA009705, 2010-Ohio-6242, ¶ 20. Nevertheless, aside from setting forth the

respective standards of review and his conclusions under each assignment of error, the core

paragraphs containing his arguments under both assignments of error are identical—word-for-

word. See, e.g., State v. Powell, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 12CA010284, 2014-Ohio-63, ¶ 20. As such,

we have consolidated these two assignments of error to facilitate our review.

       {¶15} Whether a conviction is supported by sufficient evidence is a question of law, which

this Court reviews de novo. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386 (1997). “‘The relevant

inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any

rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a

reasonable doubt.’” Id., quoting State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259 (1991), paragraph two of the

syllabus. We do not, however, resolve evidentiary conflicts or assess the credibility of witnesses,

because these functions belong to the trier of fact. State v. Hall, 9th Dist. Summit No. 27827,

2017-Ohio-73, ¶ 10.

       {¶16} When reviewing a manifest weight challenge,

       an appellate court must review the entire record, weigh the evidence and all
       reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of witnesses and determine whether,
       in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact clearly lost its way and created
       such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a
       new trial ordered.
                                                  7


State v. Otten, 33 Ohio App.3d 339, 340 (9th Dist.1986). “[W]hen reversing a conviction on the

basis that it was against the manifest weight of the evidence, an appellate court sits as a ‘thirteenth

juror,’ and disagrees with the factfinder’s resolution of the conflicting testimony.” State v. Tucker,

9th Dist. Medina No. 06CA0035-M, 2006-Ohio-6914, ¶ 5. This discretionary power “should be

exercised only in the exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily against the

conviction.” State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387 (1997), quoting State v. Martin, 20 Ohio

App.3d 172, 175 (1st Dist.1983). See also Otten at 340.

       {¶17} Mr. Berila was convicted of one count of GSI under R.C. 2907.05(A)(4), which

states: “No person shall have sexual contact with another, not the spouse of the offender [or] cause

another, not the spouse of the offender, to have sexual contact with the offender [when the] other

person * * * is less than thirteen years of age, whether or not the offender knows the age of that

person.” “Sexual contact” includes “any touching of an erogenous zone of another, including

without limitation the * * * genitals, * * * for the purpose of sexually arousing or gratifying either

person.”    R.C. 2907.01(B).      He was also convicted of six counts of rape under R.C.

2907.02(A)(1)(b), which states: “No person shall engage in sexual conduct with another who is

not the spouse of the offender * * * when * * * [t]he other person is less than thirteen years of age,

whether or not the offender knows the age of the other person.” “Sexual conduct” includes (1)

vaginal intercourse between a male and female and (2) fellatio between persons regardless of sex.

R.C. 2907.01(A). Finally, Mr. Berila was convicted of twenty-four counts of rape under R.C.

2907.02(A)(2), which states: “No person shall engage in sexual conduct with another when the

offender purposely compels the other person to submit by force or threat of force.” “A person acts

purposely when it is the person’s specific intention to cause a certain result, or, when the gist of

the offense is a prohibition against conduct of a certain nature, regardless of what the offender
                                                 8


intends to accomplish thereby, it is the offender’s specific intention to engage in conduct of that

nature.” R.C. 2901.22(A). “Purpose can be established by circumstantial evidence and may be

ascertained from the surrounding facts and circumstances of the case.” North Ridgeville v.

Reichbaum, 112 Ohio App.3d 79, 85 (9th Dist.1996).

       {¶18} For the rapes that occurred while J.S. was still a minor, “‘[f]orce need not be overt

and physically brutal, but can be subtle and psychological. As long as it can be shown that the

rape victim’s will was overcome by fear or duress, the forcible element of rape can be

established.’” State v. Dasen, 9th Dist. Summit No. 28172, 2017-Ohio-5556, ¶ 26, quoting State

v. Eskridge, 38 Ohio St.3d 56, 58-59 (1988). There also exists a coercion inherent in parental

authority when a father sexually abuses his child. Id., citing Eskridge at 58.

       “Sexual activity between a parent and a minor child is not comparable to sexual
       activity between two adults with a history of consensual intercourse. The youth
       and vulnerability of children, coupled with the power inherent in a parent’s position
       of authority, creates a unique situation of dominance and control in which explicit
       threats and displays of force are not necessary to effect the abuser’s purpose.”

Id., quoting Eskridge at 59.

       {¶19} Mr. Berila has not identified which portions of his identical arguments in these two

assignments of error relate to sufficiency and which relate to manifest weight. See State v. Hull,

9th Dist. Wayne No. 14AP0025, 2015-Ohio-4001, ¶ 21; State v. Bryant, 9th Dist. Medina No.

1950, 1991 WL 57234, *3 (Apr. 10, 1991). Apart from bookending his arguments under his first

assignment of error with vague, blanket statements of “there was insufficient evidence to support

the jury verdicts of guilty” and “[t]he evidence presented at trial was insufficient for the jury to

find Appellant guilty[,]” this Court can discern no specific argument attacking the State’s evidence

in support of certain elements of his crimes. See State v. Benford, 9th Dist. Summit No. 25298,

2011-Ohio-564, ¶ 25; App.R. 16(A)(7). The only portion of his argument that even remotely
                                                  9


relates to sufficiency is his statement that, beyond the testimony of J.S., there was “no physical

evidence that rape or [GSI] took place.” J.S. testified in graphic detail that her step-father, Mr.

Berila, sexually abused her often on countless occasions over the course of a decade, and the

testimony of the victim in sex offense cases, if believed, is sufficient to support a conviction, even

without further corroboration. See State v. Martucci, 9th Dist. Summit No. 28888, 2018-Ohio-

3471, ¶ 16. Moreover, “[t]he lack of physical evidence in a case where such evidence was unlikely

due to the passage of time does not detract from the victim’s testimony.” State v. Morris, 9th Dist.

Medina No. 09CA0022-M, 2012-Ohio-6151, ¶ 63 (Carr, J., dissenting).

       {¶20} J.S. testified that when she was eleven years old Mr. Berila called her into the

bathroom while he was taking a bath and then forced her to grab his penis. Her testimony, if

believed, was sufficient to cause a reasonable jury to conclude that all the elements of GSI were

proven beyond a reasonable doubt, as Mr. Berila forced his step-daughter, not his spouse, to have

sexual contact with him by grabbing his penis when she was less than thirteen years old. See R.C.

2907.05(A)(4); R.C. 2907.01(B). The jury could infer from the type, nature, and circumstances of

the contact that the touching of Mr. Berila’s genitals was for the purpose of sexual arousal or

gratification. State v. Pistawka, 9th Dist. Summit No. 27828, 2016-Ohio-1523, ¶ 16.

       {¶21} After the bathroom incident, but while she was still less than thirteen years old, J.S.

testified that Mr. Berila began making her give him “hand jobs” and “blow jobs” frequently. She

provided specific details of the sexual abuse, such as Mr. Berila would always ejaculate onto his

own stomach, never in her mouth. She also recalled that the incidents almost always occurred on

Mr. Berila’s bed and while her mother was at work. Her testimony was sufficient to cause a

reasonable jury to conclude that all the elements of rape were proven beyond a reasonable doubt,
                                                  10


as Mr. Berila engaged in sexual conduct, i.e., fellatio, with his step-daughter, not his spouse, when

she was less than thirteen years old. See R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b); R.C. 2907.01(A).

        {¶22} J.S. further testified that Mr. Berila began forcing her to engage in vaginal

intercourse once she turned sixteen years old. She sometimes struggled and cried to no avail when

he forced himself on her, as he was much stronger and would hold her arms down. She recalled

that the vaginal intercourse would always occur in the same position, with her lying on her back

and Mr. Berila on top of her. She also testified that Mr. Berila showed her his gun and said he

would kill them all if she told anyone. The sexual abuse became so routine for J.S. that she testified

she would sometimes just take off her clothes and wait for Mr. Berila when he told her to go to his

room, knowing it was going to happen no matter what. Finally, she testified that Mr. Berila

impregnated her when she was nineteen years old, and her parents then made her get an abortion.

J.S.’ testimony was sufficient to cause a reasonable jury to conclude that all the elements of rape

were proven beyond a reasonable doubt, as Mr. Berila purposely compelled her to submit to sexual

conduct, i.e., vaginal intercourse, by force or threat of force. See R.C. 2907.02(A)(2); R.C.

2907.01(A).

        {¶23} This Court will not undertake a more extensive sufficiency analysis when Mr.

Berila has not done so himself. See Powell, 2014-Ohio-63, at ¶ 20; App.R. 16(A)(7); Cardone v.

Cardone, 9th Dist. Summit No. 18349, 1998 WL 224934, *8 (May 6, 1998) (“If an argument exists

that can support this assignment of error, it is not this [C]ourt’s duty to root it out.”). Accordingly,

upon review of the evidence presented in a light most favorable to the prosecution, we conclude

that the State presented sufficient evidence, if believed, to establish that Mr. Berila committed the

offenses of GSI and rape. A reasonable jury could have determined that the State proved each and

every element of all thirty-one counts beyond a reasonable doubt.
                                                 11


       {¶24} Mr. Berila’s remaining arguments appear to challenge the manifest weight of the

evidence. He first challenges J.S.’ credibility, arguing that when she was first hospitalized she did

not disclose any allegations of sexual assault. It is not uncommon, however, for victims of abuse

to delay their reporting. Powell at ¶ 17. Here, J.S. testified that when she was a young child Mr.

Berila would tell her not to tell anyone about the incidents and she would simply obey her step-

father. As she grew older, however, she did not tell anyone because Mr. Berila showed her his

gun and told her he would kill them all if she told anyone. When she was first hospitalized, the

evidence showed that Mr. Berila was a constant presence at the hospital. J.S.’ mother recalled Mr.

Berila being there “every possible second” for visiting hours. J.S.’ stipulated medical records

further revealed specific notes from both a doctor and a nurse that Mr. Berila talked over J.S. and

took over the doctor’s interview and had to be told not to lie in J.S.’ bed with his arm around her.

It would not be unreasonable to presume that J.S. neglected to inform hospital staff of Mr. Berila’s

sexual assaults in light of his overbearing and constant presence during her hospital stay. Mr.

Berila also argues that J.S. did not recall revealing any sexual assault allegations during her second

hospital stay. However, other evidence showed that J.S. did reveal the sexual assaults to hospital

staff as well as her counselor, her boyfriend, and her grandmother.

       {¶25} Mr. Berila further attempts to discredit J.S. by calling attention to evidence of her

multiple hospitalizations, history of mental illness, suicide threats and attempts, use of marijuana,

and association with drug dealers and drug users. But, J.S. testified as to frequent sexual assaults

at the hands of her own step-father throughout an entire decade of her childhood, along with a

pregnancy by her step-father and a forced abortion. Mental health issues and other difficulties in

life are not to be unexpected when one is subjected to years of repeated sexual assaults as a child.
                                                  12


The jury was made fully aware of J.S.’ issues, and was able to consider them when weighing her

credibility.

        {¶26} Mr. Berila also directs us to his testimony denying the allegations in this case. He

notes that he admitted on the witness stand to being an overstrict disciplinarian, claimed he

opposed J.S.’ abortion, and would not allow J.S. to move back home after she left. He further

entered into evidence some Father’s Day cards he received from J.S. during the time period in

which these crimes allegedly occurred. The weight to be given the evidence and the credibility of

the witnesses, however, are primarily for the trier of the facts. State v. Haydon, 9th Dist. Summit

No. 27737, 2016-Ohio-4683, ¶ 28; State v. DeHass, 10 Ohio St.2d 230 (1967), paragraph one of

the syllabus. J.S.’ testimony remained largely consistent over time, and the jury was permitted to

believe her allegations of sexual abuse, as the finder of fact is free to believe all, part, or none of

the testimony of each witness. See State v. Clark, 9th Dist. Wayne No. 14AP0002, 2015-Ohio-

2978, ¶ 24; Prince v. Jordan, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 04CA008423, 2004-Ohio-7184, ¶ 35. The jury

was further able to believe all, part, or none of Mr. Berila’s testimony. See id. The jury was able

to view the prosecutor’s grueling cross-examination of Mr. Berila, in which certain aspects of his

testimony seemed to change over time or not make sense at all. The jury was best able to view all

of the witnesses and observe their demeanor, gestures, and voice inflections, and use those

observations in weighing the credibility of the proffered testimony. See State v. Taylor, 9th Dist.

Summit No. 29058, 2019-Ohio-3253, ¶ 15. “This Court has consistently held that ‘[w]e will not

overturn a conviction as being against the manifest weight of the evidence simply because the trier

of fact chose to believe the State’s version of events over another version.’” Id., quoting State v.

Fry, 9th Dist. Medina No. 16CA0057-M, 2017-Ohio-9077, ¶ 13.
                                                 13


       {¶27} Upon review of the entire record, weighing the evidence and all reasonable

inferences, and considering the credibility of witnesses, this Court determines that the jury, in

resolving any conflicts in the evidence, did not clearly lose its way and create a manifest

miscarriage of justice requiring a reversal of Mr. Berila’s convictions and a new trial. See Otten,

33 Ohio App.3d at 340. Mr. Berila has also not demonstrated that this is an exceptional case in

which the evidence weighs heavily against the conviction. See Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d at 387.

       {¶28} Accordingly, Mr. Berila’s first and second assignments of error are both overruled.

                             ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR THREE

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT SENTENCED APPELLANT TO
       CONSECUTIVE PRISON TERMS WHEN CLEARLY AND CONVINCINGLY
       THE RECORD FAIED (SIC) TO SUPPORT ITS FINDINGS.

       {¶29} In his third assignment of error, Mr. Berila argues that the trial court erred in

imposing consecutive prison terms, as the record did not support the court’s findings. Because the

record on appeal is incomplete, we must presume regularity and overrule his assignment of error.

       {¶30} “[A]n appellate court may vacate or modify a felony sentence on appeal only if it

determines by clear and convincing evidence that the record does not support the trial court’s

findings under relevant statutes or that the sentence is otherwise contrary to law.” State v. Marcum,

146 Ohio St.3d 516, 2016-Ohio-1002, ¶ 1. See also R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). “Clear and convincing

evidence is that measure or degree of proof which will produce in the mind of the trier of facts a

firm belief or conviction as to the allegations sought to be established.” Cross v. Ledford, 161

Ohio St. 469, 477 (1954).

       {¶31} The Supreme Court of Ohio has stated that “[t]rial courts have full discretion to

impose a prison sentence within the statutory range and are no longer required to make findings

or give their reasons for imposing maximum, consecutive, or more than the minimum sentences.”
                                                  14


State v. Foster, 109 Ohio St.3d 1, 2006-Ohio-856, paragraph seven of the syllabus. Still, “[i]n

order to impose consecutive terms of imprisonment, a trial court is required to make the findings

mandated by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) at the sentencing hearing and incorporate its findings into its

sentencing entry, but it has no obligation to state reasons to support its findings.” State v. Bonnell,

140 Ohio St.3d 209, 2014-Ohio-3177, syllabus. R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) provides:

       If multiple prison terms are imposed on an offender for convictions of multiple
       offenses, the court may require the offender to serve the prison terms consecutively
       if the court finds that the consecutive service is necessary to protect the public from
       future crime or to punish the offender and that consecutive sentences are not
       disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and to the danger the
       offender poses to the public, and if the court also finds any of the following:

       (a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple offenses while the offender
       was awaiting trial or sentencing, was under a sanction imposed pursuant to section
       2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the Revised Code, or was under post-release
       control for a prior offense.

       (b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of one or more
       courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or more of the multiple offenses
       so committed was so great or unusual that no single prison term for any of the
       offenses committed as part of any of the courses of conduct adequately reflects the
       seriousness of the offender’s conduct.

       (c) The offender’s history of criminal conduct demonstrates that consecutive
       sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime by the offender.

       {¶32} “[I]f the trial court does not make the factual findings required by R.C.

2929.14(C)(4), then ‘a prison term, jail term, or sentence of imprisonment shall be served

concurrently with any other prison term, jail term, or sentence of imprisonment imposed * * *.’”

Bonnell at ¶ 23, quoting R.C. 2929.41(A). A word-for-word recitation of the language of the

statute is not required, however, provided the reviewing court can discern that the trial court

engaged in the correct analysis and can determine that the record contains evidence to support the

findings. Id. at ¶ 29. In other words, trial courts are not required to give a “talismanic incantation”
                                                 15


of the words of the statute, provided the necessary findings can be found in the record and are

incorporated into the sentencing entry. Id. at ¶ 37.

       {¶33} When the trial court imposed consecutive sentences in this matter, it made the

following findings:

       [T]he [c]ourt finds that consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public
       from future crime and to punish the offender. Consecutive sentences are not
       disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct or the danger the
       offender poses to the public, and at least two of the multiple offenses were
       committed as part of one or more course of conduct and the harm caused by two or
       more of the multiple offenses was so great that no single prison term for any of the
       offenses committed adequately reflect the seriousness of the offender’s conduct,
       and the offender’s history of criminal conduct demonstrates that consecutive
       sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime by this offender.

These statements mirror the statutory language of R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) and satisfied the trial court’s

duty to make all of the requisite findings for the imposition of consecutive sentences.

       {¶34} Mr. Berila argues that the record does not support these findings. At sentencing,

the trial court stated that J.S. suffered serious physical and psychological harm, specifically noting

the abortion, which was exacerbated by her age. The court stated that Mr. Berila’s relationship

with J.S. facilitated the offense and he showed no remorse. The court also specifically relied on

the PSI at sentencing, stating: “My review of the [PSI] shows that the Defendant has denied his

guilt in the present case and he also denies having a drug and alcohol problem.” Nonetheless, the

PSI is not in the record before us. See State v. Vasquez, 9th Dist. Summit No. 29422, 2019-Ohio-

5406, ¶ 7; State v. Jones, 9th Dist. Summit Nos. 29206 and 29207, 2019-Ohio-2605, ¶ 9; State v.

Lucas, 9th Dist. Summit No. 29077, 2019-Ohio-2607, ¶ 15; State v. McLeod, 9th Dist. Summit

No. 20757, 2002 WL 388909, *2 (Mar. 13, 2002); State v. Zeffer, 9th Dist. Summit Nos. 19893

and 19963, 2000 WL 1825092, *8 (Dec. 13, 2000). “It is the appellant’s responsibility to ensure

that the record on appeal contains all matters necessary to allow this Court to resolve the issues on
                                                  16


appeal.” State v. Farnsworth, 9th Dist. Medina No. 15CA0038-M, 2016-Ohio-7919, ¶ 16. See

also App.R. 9. This includes the PSI where appropriate. McLeod at *2. “This Court has

consistently held that, where the appellant has failed to provide a complete record to facilitate

appellate review, we are compelled to presume regularity in the proceedings below and affirm the

trial court’s judgment.” Farnsworth at ¶ 16. Because the record before us does not contain the

PSI necessary for appellate review, we cannot properly review Mr. Berila’s sentence. See Vasquez

at ¶ 8. The information contained in the PSI was specifically relied upon by the trial court, and

without the context it might provide we cannot conclude that there is clear and convincing evidence

in the record the sentences are contrary to law. See State v. Shelton, 9th Dist. Lorain No.

18CA011368, 2019-Ohio-1694, ¶ 8, citing R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). Accordingly, we must presume

regularity in the proceedings below and affirm.

       {¶35} Mr. Berila’s third assignment of error is overruled.

                              ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR FOUR

       DEFENDANT-APPELLANT’S TRIAL COUNSEL PROVIDED INEFFECTIVE
       ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL IN VIOLATION OF THE SIXTH AMENDMENT
       TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION.

       {¶36} In his fourth assignment of error, Mr. Berila argues that his trial counsel was

ineffective in failing to retain a forensic psychologist as an expert witness on his behalf, which he

claims “guaranteed his conviction in this case.” We disagree.

       {¶37} “[I]n Ohio, a properly licensed attorney is presumed competent.” State v. Gondor,

112 Ohio St.3d 377, 2006-Ohio-6679, ¶ 62. “There are countless ways to provide effective

assistance in any given case. Even the best criminal defense attorneys would not defend a

particular client in the same way.” Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 689 (1984). Moreover,

debatable trial tactics will not constitute ineffective assistance of counsel. State v. Clayton, 62
                                                 17


Ohio St.2d 45, 49 (1980). To prove ineffective assistance of counsel, one must establish that: (1)

his counsel’s performance was deficient, and (2) the deficient performance prejudiced the defense.

Strickland at 687. Counsel’s performance is deficient if it falls below an objective standard of

reasonable representation. State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136 (1989), paragraph two of the

syllabus. Prejudice can be shown by proving “there exists a reasonable probability that, were it

not for counsel’s errors, the result of the trial would have been different.” Id. at paragraph three

of the syllabus. “[T]he Court need not address both Strickland prongs if an appellant fails to prove

either one.” State v. Lortz, 9th Dist. Summit No. 23762, 2008-Ohio-3108, ¶ 34.

       {¶38} Mr. Berila argues that his counsel should have called a forensic psychologist as a

witness at trial on his behalf, due to J.S.’ history of mental health issues and hospitalizations. He

notes that counsel presented no expert testimony at trial to rebut either J.S.’ testimony or the

contents of her medical records. As a general rule, trial counsel’s decision not to call an expert

witness will not establish ineffective assistance. State v. Hanford, 9th Dist. Summit No. 29204,

2019-Ohio-2987, ¶ 37. See also State v. Coombs, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 03CA008262, 2004-Ohio-

441, ¶ 26 (“[T]he decision whether to call an expert witness is simply a matter of trial strategy.”);

State v. Spaulding, 9th Dist. Summit No. 28526, 2018-Ohio-3663, ¶ 52 (“[C]ounsel’s decision to

rely on cross-examination instead of calling an expert witness to testify is not ineffective

assistance.”). Moreover, when the trial record is silent regarding the substance of a potential

expert’s testimony, establishing prejudice under Strickland requires proof outside of the record,

and the claim is therefore not appropriately considered on direct appeal. Hanford at ¶ 37. Here,

the record is silent as to what a forensic psychologist’s testimony may have been regarding J.S.’

mental health, so any arguments as to resulting prejudice are purely speculative. See id. We

therefore find no merit in Mr. Berila’s ineffective assistance of counsel argument.
                                                 18


       {¶39} Mr. Berila’s fourth assignment of error is overruled.

                               ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR FIVE

       THE STATE OF OHIO COMMITTED PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT BY
       WITHOLDING (SIC) EXCULPATORY EVIDENCE. SAID MISCONDUCT
       CONSTITUTED PLAIN ERROR.

       {¶40} In his fifth assignment of error, Mr. Berila argues that the prosecutor committed

prosecutorial misconduct by withholding exculpatory evidence—i.e., 30,000 pictures confiscated

from his home—which denied him a fair trial and constituted plain error. We disagree.

       {¶41} “In deciding whether a prosecutor’s conduct rises to the level of prosecutorial

misconduct, a court determines if the prosecutor’s actions were improper, and, if so, whether the

defendant’s substantial rights were actually prejudiced.” State v. Moreland, 9th Dist. Summit No.

27910, 2016-Ohio-7588, ¶ 22. “‘[A] judgment may only be reversed for prosecutorial misconduct

when the improper conduct deprives the defendant of a fair trial.’” Id., quoting State v. Knight,

9th Dist. Lorain No. 03CA008239, 2004-Ohio-1227, ¶ 6. The defendant must show that, but for

the prosecutor’s misconduct, the trier of fact would not have convicted him. Id. “The touchstone

of the analysis ‘is the fairness of the trial, not the culpability of the prosecutor.’” State v. Diar,

120 Ohio St.3d 460, 2008-Ohio-6266, ¶ 140, quoting Smith v. Phillips, 455 U.S. 209, 219 (1982).

       {¶42} If the State withholds material, exculpatory evidence, it offends a criminal

defendant’s due process rights. State v. Charlton, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 12CA010206, 2014-Ohio-

1330, ¶ 32, citing Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963). “‘There are three components of a true

Brady violation: The evidence at issue must be favorable to the accused, either because it is

exculpatory, or because it is impeaching; that evidence must have been suppressed by the State,

either willfully or inadvertently; and prejudice must have ensued.’” State v. Jalowiec, 9th Dist.

Lorain No. 14CA010548, 2015-Ohio-5042, ¶ 31, quoting Strickler v. Greene, 527 U.S. 263, 281-
                                                19


282 (1999). “It is [the] [d]efendant’s burden to establish that the evidence is both favorable and

material and that there is reasonable probability that the outcome would have been different if the

evidence had been provided.” State v. Whalen, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 08CA009317, 2008-Ohio-

6739, ¶ 8.

       {¶43} Mr. Berila never objected to any alleged prosecutorial misconduct at the trial court

level and is therefore limited to arguing plain error on appeal. See State v. Warrington, 9th Dist.

Medina No. 14CA0080-M, 2016-Ohio-244, ¶ 13. “Plain errors or defects affecting substantial

rights may be noticed although they were not brought to the attention of the court.” Crim.R. 52(B).

“To establish plain error, one must show (1) an error occurred, i.e., a deviation from a legal rule,

(2) the error is plain, i.e., an obvious defect in the proceedings, and (3) the error affected a

substantial right, i.e., affected the outcome of the proceedings.” State v. Grant, 9th Dist. Summit

No. 29259, 2019-Ohio-3561, ¶ 5, citing State v. Morgan, 153 Ohio St.3d 196, 2017-Ohio-7565, ¶

36. Notice of plain error “is to be taken with the utmost caution, under exceptional circumstances

and only to prevent a manifest miscarriage of justice.” State v. Long, 53 Ohio St.2d 91 (1978),

paragraph three of the syllabus.

       {¶44} In executing a search warrant on Mr. Berila’s home, the police seized

approximately 30,000 pictures. During cross-examination, the prosecutor asked Mr. Berila if he

ever received Officer Thompson’s message to come pick up his property, and Mr. Berila said he

had not. Mr. Berila now claims that these pictures were exculpatory in nature, but he only states

that they “[show him] with J.S. at family gatherings and vacations * * *.” He neglects to explain

how these pictures are in any way exculpatory, i.e., they are favorable to him and would have led

to an acquittal. See Whalen at ¶ 8 (defining “exculpatory evidence” as evidence favorable to the

accused which, if disclosed and used effectively, may make the difference between conviction and
                                                20


acquittal). Mr. Berila has also failed to demonstrate how any of these pictures were suppressed by

the prosecutor. See Jalowiec, at ¶ 31 (requiring the evidence to be suppressed by the prosecutor

for a Brady violation). The pictures were seized from Mr. Berila’s home, and he, in turn, knew

they existed and even described what they depicted; we therefore cannot say that the pictures were

suppressed by the State in violation of Brady. See, e.g., State v. Ketterer, 126 Ohio St.3d 448,

2010-Ohio-3831, ¶ 53-54. The record further reveals that the police actively reached out to Mr.

Berila to return his pictures to him. Mr. Berila simply failed to respond. He has failed to

demonstrate any improper conduct on the part of the prosecutor denying him a fair trial. See

Moreland at ¶ 22. Because Mr. Berila has failed to show any error, let alone plain error, his

argument must fail.

       {¶45} Mr. Berila’s fifth assignment of error is overruled.

                                                III.

       {¶46} Mr. Berila’s assignments of error are all overruled. The judgment of the Medina

County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

                                                                               Judgment affirmed.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Medina, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of

this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the period
                                                21


for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is instructed to

mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the mailing in the

docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellant.




                                                     THOMAS A. TEODOSIO
                                                     FOR THE COURT



CALLAHAN, P. J.
CARR, J.
CONCUR.


APPEARANCES:

ERIC D. HALL, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

S. FORREST THOMPSON, Prosecuting Attorney, and VINCENT V. VIGLUICCI, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.
