                                                   In the
                              Missouri Court of Appeals
                                          Western District

                                                        
BELTON CHOPPER 58, LLC,                                 
                                                           WD78763
                  Respondent,                              OPINION FILED:
v.                                                      
                                                           MAY 24, 2016
NORTH CASS DEVELOPMENT, LLC,                            
                                                        
                    Appellant.                          
                                                        
                                                        


                     Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cass County, Missouri
                            The Honorable William B. Collins, Judge

     Before Division Three: Gary D. Witt, P.J., James E. Welsh, Anthony Rex Gabbert, JJ.

        North Cass Development, LLC (“North Cass”) appeals the trial court’s grant of summary

judgment in favor of Wells Fargo, N.A., as Trustee for the Registered Holders of GE Business

Loan Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-1 (“Wells Fargo”). In the underlying suit, Wells

Fargo sought declaratory judgment against North Cass quieting title to a piece of commercial

real property located in Cass County, Missouri; North Cass argued that it maintained a right of

first refusal on the property granted by the property’s prior owner, Bowes Investments, LLC

(“Bowes”).1 On appeal, North Cass contends that the trial court erred in interpreting the


        1
          Wells Fargo filed the underlying suit and was originally named as Respondent in this appeal. Wells Fargo
subsequently sold the property in question to Belton Chopper 58, LLC (“Belton Chopper”); consequently, Belton
Chopper was substituted as Respondent. “Wells Fargo,” “Belton Chopper,” and “Respondent” are used
interchangeably throughout this opinion.
substantive law regarding rights of first refusal, as well as in interpreting the contract that granted

North Cass the right of first refusal. We affirm the trial court’s decision.

                                       Facts & Background

       In 2002, a commercial property dispute developed between two adjoining landowners,

North Cass and Bowes. The two companies eventually reached a resolution in the following

year, filing a Settlement and General Release Agreement on August 22, 2003 and a related

Memorandum of Right of First Refusal on October 20, 2003 (collectively, the “Settlement

Agreement” or “Agreement”). Among other things, the Settlement Agreement granted North

Cass a right of first refusal on the property owned by Bowes.

       Paragraph 5 of the Agreement set forth the procedure for exercising the right of first

refusal. The language of that paragraph also established a limitation on the right of first refusal

by stating: “Notwithstanding anything set forth herein, this right of first refusal is ineffective

upon a sale of the Property by foreclosure or other involuntary sale.” Paragraph 6 of the

Agreement set forth conditions controlling termination of the right of first refusal. The language

of that paragraph stated: “[The] right of first refusal continues in effect until the conveyance of

the Property in fee simple to [North Cass] or to a third party pursuant to the right of first refusal

described above.”

       In 2006, Bowes used its property as collateral to secure a loan with Wells Fargo. In

conjunction with the loan, Bowes executed a deed of trust secured by the property in favor of

Wells Fargo. Wells Fargo appointed a trustee to administer the deed of trust. In 2013, Bowes

defaulted on the loan and Wells Fargo requested that its trustee conduct a non-judicial

foreclosure on the property. On March 4, 2013, the trustee sold the property to Wells Fargo as

the highest bidder at the resulting foreclosure sale.

                                                  2
        Following the foreclosure sale, Wells Fargo made several unsuccessful attempts to sell

the property to various third parties; the sales fell through each time when prospective buyers

discovered the 2003 Settlement Agreement and right of first refusal. Although it maintained that

it was not required to do so, Wells Fargo sent a letter to North Cass on June 27, 2014 offering

North Cass the preemptive right to buy the property according to the terms of Wells Fargo’s

latest sale contract. The letter additionally requested that North Cass expressly and

unequivocally waive its right of first refusal if it did not wish to buy the property at that time.

North Cass did not respond to this letter and Wells Fargo’s sale fell through yet again.

        On November 4, 2014, Wells Fargo filed suit against North Cass seeking a declaratory

judgment granting it title to the property in fee simple absolute. In its petition, Wells Fargo made

several arguments as to why the Settlement Agreement (and, therefore, the right of first refusal)

was not binding upon it. First, Wells Fargo argued that the Agreement was not binding upon it

whatsoever because Wells Fargo was not a party to the 2003 contract between North Cass and

Bowes. Next, it argued that even if the Agreement was binding upon it, the right of first refusal

was terminated upon the foreclosure sale as per the terms of Paragraph 5 of the Agreement.

Third, Wells Fargo argued that even if the Agreement was binding upon it and the right did not

terminate upon the foreclosure sale, the right expired when North Cass chose not to buy the

property after receiving Wells Fargo’s offer in June 2014. Finally, Wells Fargo argued in the

alternative that the right of first refusal was void ab initio because it violated the rule against

perpetuities. Wells Fargo ultimately moved for summary judgment against North Cass and the

trial court granted that motion on April 13, 2015.

        North Cass filed its notice of appeal in this case on June 30, 2015, naming Wells Fargo as

Respondent. However, Wells Fargo successfully sold the property to Belton Chopper 58, LLC

                                                   3
(“Belton Chopper”) sometime between April and September 2015. Accordingly, this Court

sustained a motion to substitute parties filed on September 10, 2015 and Belton Chopper was

substituted as Respondent. This appeal follows.

                                              Standard of Review

         We review the trial court's grant of summary judgment de novo. ITT Comm. Fin. Corp. v.

Mid–Am. Marine Supp. Corp., 854 S.W.2d 371, 376 (Mo. banc 1993). We will affirm a grant of

summary judgment if the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law and no genuine issues

of material fact exist. Id. at 377. The non-movant has the burden of showing that there remains

a genuine issue of material fact. Id. at 381-82. We review the record in the light most favorable

to the party against whom judgment was entered, according that party the benefit of all

reasonable inferences that may be drawn from the record. Id. at 381.

         The interpretation of a contract is a question of law which we review de novo.

Helterbrand v. Five Star Mobile Home Sales, Inc., 48 S.W.3d 649, 658 (Mo. App. W.D. 2001).

When we conduct a de novo review, “the judgment may be affirmed on an entirely different

basis than that presented to the trial court” and “can be affirmed on any theory that is supported

by the record.” Hensley-O'Neal v. Metro. Nat. Bank, 297 S.W.3d 610, 614 (Mo. App. S.D.

2009) (internal quotations omitted).

                                                     Analysis

         In its second2 Point on appeal, North Cass contends that the trial court erred in granting

Respondent summary judgment in that the court misinterpreted the terms of the Settlement

Agreement regarding the right of first refusal becoming “ineffective” upon sale of the property


         2
          We address North Cass’s second Point first because we find that Point to be dispositive in our analysis.
As such, we do not address North Cass’s first point in this opinion.

                                                          4
by foreclosure. Specifically, North Cass contends that the court misapplied the law of contract

interpretation by interpreting the word “ineffective” to mean “terminated” because that is not the

ordinary meaning of the word “ineffective.” We affirm the trial court’s judgment.

       As with all questions of contract interpretation, we first attempt to “ascertain the intent of

the parties by looking at the words of the contract and giving those words their plain, ordinary,

and usual meaning.” Ethridge v. TierOne Bank, 226 S.W.3d 127, 131 (Mo. banc 2007). We

determine this intent based upon the contract language alone unless its terms are ambiguous. Id.

“An interpretation of a contract or agreement which evolves unreasonable results, when a

probable and reasonable construction can be adopted, will be rejected.” Tri-Lakes Newspapers,

Inc. v. Logan, 713 S.W.2d 891, 894 (Mo. App. S.D. 1986). “[A]n interpretation which gives a

reasonable, lawful, and effective meaning to all the terms is preferred to an interpretation which

leaves a part unreasonable, unlawful, or of no effect.” Foley Co. v. Walnut Assoc., 597 S.W.2d

685, 689 (Mo. App. W.D. 1980) (quoting Restatement 2d of Contracts § 229(a)).

       Here, Paragraph 5 of the Settlement Agreement signed by Bowes and North Cass sets

forth the procedure for the exercise (and non-exercise) of the right of first refusal. Paragraph 5

states that the right of first refusal may be exercised by North Cass “if [Bowes], its successors or

assigns, and a bona fide purchaser agree on the basic business terms for the purchase of all or

any part of the Property[.]” To exercise this preemptive right, Paragraph 5 requires North Cass

to inform Bowes of its desire to buy the property within ten business days of receiving notice of

a potential sale; if North Cass did not choose to exercise the right within ten business days,

Bowes was free to proceed with the sale.

       Paragraph 5 also includes a clause stating that the right of first refusal “is ineffective upon

a sale of the Property by foreclosure or other involuntary sale.” A plain and ordinary

                                                 5
interpretation of this clause is that, in the case of a foreclosure or other involuntary sale of the

property to a third party, North Cass would not be entitled to its preemptive right of purchase and

the property could be sold without first offering it to North Cass.3 Furthermore, a plain and

ordinary interpretation of this clause is that the right of first refusal was effectively terminated

upon the foreclosure sale to Wells Fargo. Where a contractual right is expressly deemed

“ineffective” upon the occurrence of a certain type of sale (here, foreclosure and involuntary

sales), it would be illogical and extraordinary to enforce that right upon subsequent sales

following that type of sale. If such an interpretation were adopted, North Cass could excuse

itself from bidding at a foreclosure or other involuntary sale, yet continue to exercise the right of

first refusal in connection with later voluntary sales; North Cass would thereby be permitted to

extend the right of first refusal almost indefinitely, which would render the termination

provisions in Paragraph 6 superfluous.4

         Accordingly, because we seek to avoid contractual interpretations which would leave one

or more parts of a contract “unreasonable, unlawful, or of no effect,” Foley Co., 597 S.W.2d at

689, we find that North Cass’s right of first refusal was extinguished upon the foreclosure sale

and Wells Fargo was entitled to convey the property to any subsequent buyer without first

offering North Cass the preemptive right to buy.


         3
           We note that, in its response to Wells Fargo’s summary judgment motion, North Cass did not dispute that
the right was ineffective as to the foreclosure sale, and the trial court agreed to this interpretation in its summary
judgment ruling. “Facts set forth by affidavit or otherwise in support of a party's motion are taken as true unless
contradicted by the non-moving party's response to the summary judgment motion.” ITT Comm. Fin. Corp. v. Mid–
Am. Marine Supp. Corp., 854 S.W.2d 371, 376 (Mo. banc 1993).
         4
            Paragraph 6 of the Settlement Agreement sets forth conditions that control the termination of North
Cass’s right of first refusal. Paragraph 6 of the Settlement Agreement provides that the right of first refusal will not
continue in effect—i.e., it will effectively be terminated—in the event of: (1) a sale to North Cass pursuant to the
right of first refusal; or (2) conveyance of the property “to a third party pursuant to the right of first refusal described
above.”

                                                             6
                                            Conclusion

       Upon review of the record before us, we find that the trial court did not err in granting

summary judgment to Respondent. North Cass had no right of first refusal once the right was

terminated upon the foreclosure sale of the property, and Respondent was therefore entitled to

possession of the land in fee simple absolute, free and clear of any prior interest held by North

Cass. The trial court’s judgment is affirmed.




                                                  Anthony Rex Gabbert, Judge


All concur.




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