[Cite as In re B.M., 2020-Ohio-1150.]




             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                             SEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                 JEFFERSON COUNTY




                                        IN THE MATTER OF:

                                          B.M., A MINOR.




                        OPINION AND JUDGMENT ENTRY
                                          Case No.19 JE 0006.


                                 Civil Appeal from the
            Court of Common Pleas, Probate Division, of Jefferson County, Ohio
                                Case No. 2013 GD 26

                                         BEFORE:
                 David A. D’Apolito, Gene Donofrio, Cheryl L. Waite, Judges.


                                             JUDGMENT:
                                              Reversed.


 Atty. Elizabeth Cary, Dinsmore & Shohl LLP, 191 West Nationwide Boulevard, Suite
 300, Columbus, Ohio 43215, and Atty. Kara Czanik, 255 East Fifth Street, Suite 1900,
 Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, for Appellant and

 Atty. Daniel P. Taylor, Dittmar, Taylor & Makricostas, PLLC, P.O. Box 2827, Weirton,
 West Virginia 26062, for Appellee B.M., No Brief Filed.
                                                                                             –2–


                                       Dated: March 25, 2020


 D’APOLITO, J.

          {¶1}    Appellant, Huntington National Bank (“Huntington Bank”), appeals from the
February 8, 2019 judgment of the Jefferson County Court of Common Pleas, Probate
Division, granting the motion of Appellee, B.M., A Minor (“B.M.”), finding it was the duty
of Huntington Bank to flag and restrict the guardianship account and ordering it to return
all funds withdrawn by the guardian, Amber Mayfield (“Guardian”). On appeal, Huntington
Bank asserts the probate court erred in granting B.M.’s motion and holding that it had a
duty to flag and restrict the guardianship account from withdrawals. Huntington Bank also
alleges the court erred in ordering that it reimburse the entirety of the funds withdrawn by
Guardian. For the reasons stated, the probate court’s judgment is reversed.

                              FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

          {¶2}    Guardian is the natural mother of B.M., d.o.b. 3/17/02. On February 18,
2013, B.M. sustained injuries in an automobile accident. On July 16, 2013, Guardian filed
an application pursuant to R.C. 2111.03(C) to be appointed guardian of B.M.’s estate.1
On July 23, 2013, the probate court granted the application and appointed Guardian as
guardian of B.M. following a hearing. A settlement was subsequently entered into on
behalf of B.M. in the amount of $62,500.
          {¶3}    On September 18, 2013, the probate court entered an “Entry Approving
Settlement of a Minor’s Claim,” Form MS22.2, ordering that the net settlement proceeds
in the sum of $39,210.98 “for the benefit of the minor be [d]elivered to the legal guardian
of the estate of this minor.”          (9/18/13 Settlement Entry).         The court did not place
restrictions on the funds or require a verification of receipt and deposit to be filed with the
court. The probate judge’s signature appears at the bottom of the document.
          {¶4}    Also on September 18, 2013, B.M.’s counsel filed Form MS22.4, a “Report
of Distribution and Entry Minor’s Claim” with an “Entry” at the bottom signed by the




1 Under   R.C. 2111.06, a guardian is necessary because the estate is over $10,000.


Case No. 19 JE 0006
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probate judge who ordered that “[t]he above report of distribution is hereby approved and
the applicant is discharged from further responsibility.” (9/18/13 Distribution Entry).
           {¶5}     On September 19, 2013, Guardian took the Settlement Entry, the
Distribution Entry, and the net settlement proceeds to a Huntington Bank branch. A
guardianship account was opened in the name of “Amber L. Mayfield Guardian for B.M.”
Following the orders of the probate court, i.e., the Settlement Entry and the Distribution
Entry, Huntington Bank did not restrict the funds and it kept copies of the orders in its
account records.
           {¶6}     Later that day, B.M.’s counsel, on his own accord, sent Huntington Bank a
“Receipt of Depositary,” Form GD15.3C. (9/19/13 Receipt). At the bottom of the form, it
stated: “The undersigned acknowledges the deposit of the property and agrees to hold it
subject to further order of the Court.” Id. The Receipt was not signed by the probate
judge. Rather, a Huntington Bank representative signed the form as a matter of course.
           {¶7}     Guardian later withdrew all funds from the account.
           {¶8}     On January 14, 2019, B.M. filed a motion for Huntington Bank to deposit all
funds withdrawn by Guardian from the guardianship account alleging it was in violation of
the probate court’s order. On January 28, 2019, Huntington Bank filed an opposition
indicating there was no such court order that prohibited Guardian from withdrawing the
funds. A hearing was held on February 5, 2019.
           {¶9}     On February 8, 2019, the probate court granted B.M.’s motion finding it was
Huntington Bank’s duty to flag and restrict the guardianship account. The court ordered
Huntington Bank to return all funds withdrawn by Guardian. Huntington Bank filed a timely
appeal and raises two assignments of error.2

                                     ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 1

           THE PROBATE COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW IN GRANTING
           B.M.’S MOTION, HOLDING “IT WAS THE DUTY OF HUNTINGTON
           BANK TO FLAG THE ACCOUNT AND RESTRICT THE ACCOUNT TO
           NOT PERMIT THE WITHDRAWAL OF ANY FUNDS FROM THE



2   B.M. did not file an appellate brief.


Case No. 19 JE 0006
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       GUARDIANSHIP ACCOUNT WITHOUT FURTHER ORDER OF THIS
       COURT.”

       {¶10} Matters of law are reviewed de novo. W. Branch Loc. School Dist. Bd. of
Edn. v. W. Branch Edn. Assn., 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 14 MA 53, 2015-Ohio-2753, ¶ 14.

                                        ISSUE NO. 1

       A COURT ORDER THAT DIRECTS FUNDS TO BE DEPOSITED INTO A
       BANK ACCOUNT WITH NO RESTRICTIONS DOES NOT REQUIRE A
       BANK TO PLACE RESTRICTIONS ON THE ACCOUNT.

       {¶11} “A court speaks only through its journal, not by oral pronouncement.” All
Erection & Crane Rental Corp. v. Bucheit, 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 05 MA 16, 2006-Ohio-
889, ¶ 42.
       {¶12} As stated, on September 18, 2013, the probate court issued two orders, the
Settlement Entry and the Distribution Entry. Both orders permitted Guardian unrestricted
access to the guardianship funds, which she deposited and later withdrew from
Huntington Bank.
       {¶13} Regarding the Settlement Entry, the probate court entered an “Entry
Approving Settlement of a Minor’s Claim,” ordering that the net settlement proceeds in
the sum of $39,210.98 “for the benefit of the minor be [d]elivered to the legal guardian of
the estate of this minor.” (9/18/13 Settlement Entry). The probate court did not place
restrictions on the funds or require a verification of receipt and deposit to be filed with the
court. The Settlement Entry was prepared on a standard court form, Form MS22.2, which
provided three options for how the funds should be dispersed. It appears that the drafting
attorney selected the first option, i.e., that the funds be restricted. We stress, however,
that the probate court disagreed and placed white-out over the restricted option. Instead,
the court placed an “x” next to the second option, i.e., that the funds be unrestricted and
delivered to the legal guardian. The probate judge’s signature appears at the bottom of
the Settlement Entry.
       {¶14} Regarding the Distribution Entry, B.M.’s counsel filed a “Report of
Distribution and Entry Minor’s Claim” with an “Entry” at the bottom ordering that “[t]he


Case No. 19 JE 0006
                                                                                         –5–


above report of distribution is hereby approved and the applicant is discharged from
further responsibility.” (9/18/13 Distribution Entry). The Distribution Entry was prepared
on a standard court form, Form MS22.4, which also provided three options for how the
funds should be dispersed. It again appears that the drafting attorney selected the first
option, i.e., that the funds be restricted. We stress again, however, that the probate court
disagreed and placed white-out over the restricted option. Instead, the court placed an
“x” next to the second option, i.e., that the funds be unrestricted and delivered to the legal
guardian. The probate judge’s signature appears at the bottom of the Distribution Entry.
       {¶15} Guardian took the Settlement Entry, the Distribution Entry, and the net
settlement proceeds to Huntington Bank. Huntington Bank complied with the probate
court’s orders and opened an unrestricted guardianship account. Although it may be
unfortunate for B.M. that Guardian later withdrew all funds from the account, there was
no determination made as to which if any of the funds were used for the benefit of B.M.
The record establishes that Huntington Bank merely followed the court’s orders. As such,
Huntington Bank was under no duty to flag the account, restrict the account, or prohibit
withdrawals absent a further court order, which was not made in this case.
       {¶16} Huntington Bank’s first issue is with merit.

                                       ISSUE NO. 2

       A BANK MAY RELY ON A COURT’S DULY ISSUED ORDERS, EVEN
       WHEN THOSE ORDERS ARE NOT DIRECTED TO THE BANK.

       {¶17} Third parties can be bound by court orders directed to others.              See
Scarnecchia v. Rebhan, 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 05 MA 213, 2006-Ohio-7053, ¶ 9 (“Under
the proper circumstances, courts can find nonparties guilty of contempt.”) Any “restraint
upon the guardian’s use or misuse of guardianship funds comes from the probate court
itself.” Rinehart v. Bank One, Columbus, N.A., 125 Ohio App.3d 719, 729, 709 N.E.2d
559 (10th Dist.1998). Any oral pronouncements made by a court are not binding until
reduced to a writing. Stern v. Stern, 7th Dist. Jefferson No. 00 JE 17, 2002 WL 206413,
*2 (Feb. 7, 2002).




Case No. 19 JE 0006
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      {¶18} Contrary to any preference by B.M.’s counsel and/or any oral
pronouncement by the probate court, both written orders, the Settlement Entry and the
Distribution Entry, permitted Guardian unrestricted access to the guardianship funds. See
Stern, supra, at *2.   Even if the orders were not directed to Huntington Bank, it
nevertheless was bound to follow them as written. See Rebhan, supra, at ¶ 9. Huntington
Bank complied with the orders and opened an unrestricted guardianship account.
Huntington Bank was under no duty to control disbursements from that account. See
Rinehart, supra, at 730.
      {¶19} Huntington Bank’s second issue is with merit.

                                      ISSUE NO. 3

      A SIGNED RECEIPT, WHICH CONFLICTS WITH THE COURT’S ORDER,
      CANNOT SUPERSEDE THE COURT’S ORDER.

      {¶20} “If a court with jurisdiction over the parties and the subject matter issues an
order, even an irregular one, it must be obeyed until it is reversed by orderly and proper
proceedings.” Newbold v. Newbold, 7th Dist. Jefferson No. 81-J-29, 1982 WL 6126, *3
(Apr. 27, 1982).
      {¶21} Neither the Settlement Entry nor the Distribution Entry required a receipt of
deposit. Also, neither order placed restrictions on the settlement funds. Further, both
orders were signed by the probate judge. The record reveals that Guardian took those
orders to Huntington Bank to open a guardianship account. In compliance with the court’s
orders, Huntington Bank opened a guardianship account and did not restrict the funds.
      {¶22} It appears the probate court determined that it was Huntington Bank’s duty
to flag and restrict the account based solely upon the language contained in the Receipt.
Again, at the bottom of that form, it stated: “The undersigned acknowledges the deposit
of the property and agrees to hold it subject to further order of the Court.” (9/19/13
Receipt). A Huntington Bank representative signed the form as a matter of course.
      {¶23} The Receipt, however, was sent by B.M.’s counsel, on his own accord, to
Huntington Bank after Guardian took the court’s orders to the bank and opened the
unrestricted guardianship account. Unlike the Settlement Entry and the Distribution Entry,



Case No. 19 JE 0006
                                                                                   –7–


the Receipt does not contain any directive from the probate court and was not signed by
the probate judge.
       {¶24} The record provides no indication that B.M. sought a revised court order or
appealed the court’s orders that the funds be unrestricted. Despite the later Receipt
language, Huntington Bank merely followed the court’s orders and held the guardianship
account unrestricted. See Newbold, supra, at *3. Thus, we stress that the after-the-fact
Receipt provided by B.M.’s counsel does not trump the two duly issued court orders which
directed that the funds in this case be unrestricted.
       {¶25} Huntington Bank’s third issue is with merit.
       {¶26} Huntington Bank’s first assignment of error is with merit.

                            ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 2

       THE PROBATE COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW IN ORDERING
       HUNTINGTON TO REIMBURSE THE ENTIRETY OF THE FUNDS
       WITHDRAWN FROM B.M.’S ACCOUNT BY HER GUARDIAN WITHOUT
       A SEQUESTRATION ORDER AND FIRST DETERMINING THAT NONE
       OF THE FUNDS WERE USED TO B.M.’S BENEFIT.

                                        ISSUE NO. 1

       ABSENT A PRIOR SEQUESTRATION ORDER, A PROBATE COURT
       MAY NOT ORDER A BANK TO REPLACE FUNDS WHICH WERE
       RELEASED TO A FIDUCIARY WITHOUT A COURT ORDER.

                                        ISSUE NO. 2

       THE PROBATE COURT WAS REQUIRED TO DETERMINE THAT NONE
       OF THE FUNDS HAD BEEN USED FOR THE MINOR’S BENEFIT.

       {¶27} Because Huntington Bank’s two issues are interrelated, we will address
them together for ease of discussion.
       {¶28} Under R.C. 2109.13, before a probate court can order a bank to replace
funds which were released without a court order, the record must show that the bank



Case No. 19 JE 0006
                                                                                     –8–


received a copy of the sequestration decree and that it acknowledged such order. In re
Guardianship of Thomas, 7th Dist. Monroe Nos. 06MO7 and 06MO8, 2008-Ohio-2409, ¶
122, citing In re Guardianship of Jenkins, 11th Dist. Portage No. 92-P-0081, 1993 WL
419132 (June 4, 1993).
      {¶29} In this case, Huntington Bank received two court orders, the Settlement
Entry and the Distribution Entry, indicating that the funds be held unrestricted. Guardian
gave the orders to Huntington Bank and the bank created a guardianship account, not a
sequestered account. See In re Thomas, supra, at ¶ 124-125, citing Rinehart, supra
(unlike a sequestered account, an uncontrolled guardianship account places no
supervisory duty upon a bank).        Following Guardian’s withdrawal, there was no
determination made as to which if any of the funds were used for the benefit of B.M.
Huntington Bank received no sequestration decree because none existed. Thus, the
probate court erred in ordering Huntington Bank to reimburse the entirety of the funds
under R.C. 2109.13.
      {¶30} Huntington Bank’s first and second issues are with merit.
      {¶31} Huntington Bank’s second assignment of error is with merit.

                                     CONCLUSION

      {¶32} For the foregoing reasons, Huntington Bank’s assignments of error are well-
taken. The judgment of the Jefferson County Court of Common Pleas, Probate Division,
is reversed and judgment is entered in favor of Huntington Bank.




Donofrio, J., concurs.

Waite, P.J., concurs.




Case No. 19 JE 0006
[Cite as In re B.M., 2020-Ohio-1150.]




         For the reasons stated in the Opinion rendered herein, the assignments of error
 are sustained and it is the final judgment and order of this Court that the judgment of
 the Court of Common Pleas, Probate Division, of Jefferson County, Ohio, is reversed.
 Costs to be taxed against the Appellee.
         A certified copy of this opinion and judgment entry shall constitute the mandate
 in this case pursuant to Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. It is ordered that
 a certified copy be sent by the clerk to the trial court to carry this judgment into
 execution.




                                        NOTICE TO COUNSEL

         This document constitutes a final judgment entry.
