     10-312-cv
     Coleman v. Orgel,


                                UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                    FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                             SUMMARY ORDER

     Rulings by summary order do not have precedential effect. Citation to a summary order filed on or after
     January 1, 2007, is permitted and is governed by Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 32.1 and this court’s
     Local Rule 32.1.1. When citing a summary order in a document filed with this court, a party must cite either
     the Federal Appendix or an electronic database (with the notation “summary order”). A party citing a
     summary order must serve a copy of it on any party not represented by counsel.

 1           At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the
 2   Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse, 500 Pearl Street, in the City of New York, on
 3   the 25th day of October, two thousand ten.
 4
 5   PRESENT:            RALPH K. WINTER
 6                       DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON
 7                       GERARD E. LYNCH
 8                                       Circuit Judges,
 9
10
11   SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION,
12              Plaintiff-Appellee,
13
14   STEVEN BYERS, WEXTRUST CAPITAL, LLC, WEXTRUST EQUITY PARTNERS, LLC,
15   WEXTRUST SECURITIES, LLC, AXELA HOSPITALITY, LLC, ELKA SHERESHEVSKY,
16   SHELDON LIEBB, JOSEPH SHERESHEVSKY,
17             Defendants,
18
19   TIMOTHY J. COLEMAN,
20              Receiver-Appellee,
21
22            -v.-                                              No. 10-312-cv
23
24   VIVIAN ORGEL,
25             Appellant,
26
27   BROADWAY BANK,
28            Non-Party-Appellant.
29
 1                                  VIVIAN ORGEL, pro se, Nofolk, Virginia.
 2
 3                                  TIMOTHY J. COLEMAN, Freshfields Deringer Bruckhaus US LLP,
 4                                  Washington, DC (John K. Warren, Freshfields Deringer Bruckhaus
 5                                  US LLP, Washington, DC, and Mark S. Radke, Arent Fox LLP,
 6                                  Washington, DC, on the brief), for Receiver-Appellee.
 7
 8
 9          UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND

10   DECREED that the judgment of the district court be AFFIRMED.

11          Appellant Vivian Orgel (“Orgel”), pro se, appeals from an order of the United States District

12   Court for the Southern District of New York (Chin, J.), entered after the district court denied Orgel’s

13   request for it to modify its previous order approving Receiver Timothy J. Coleman’s plan of

14   distribution of receivership assets (the “Distribution Plan”). This case arises out of the placement

15   into receivership, after discovery of a large Ponzi scheme, of the assets of several Wextrust

16   companies and affiliated entities. On appeal, Orgel asserts that the district court erred in refusing

17   to employ a “last in, first out” tracing analysis to permit her to recover her full investment in a fund

18   managed by one of the Wextrust entities, and by instead including her in the pro rata distribution

19   proposed by the Receiver and approved by the court. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the

20   underlying facts and procedural history of the case.

21          Under 28 U.S.C. § 1292(a)(1), this Court has jurisdiction over “[i]nterlocutory orders of the

22   district courts . . . granting, continuing, modifying, refusing or dissolving injunctions, or refusing

23   to dissolve or modify injunctions.”       Thus, the district court's original order approving the

24   Distribution Plan, which modified its injunction freezing receivership assets, was appealable, as was

25   its subsequent order resolving remaining disputes, in which it declined to further modify the

26   injunction. Because Orgel filed her notice of appeal on December 15, 2009, however, more than


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 1   60 days after the district court issued its July 2009 order approving the Distribution Plan, this Court

 2   limits its review to the district court's subsequent decision not to modify the Plan. See Fed. R. App.

 3   P. 4(a)(1)(b). We review a district court’s decision relating to the choice of distribution plan for a

 4   receivership estate for abuse of discretion. See SEC v. Credit Bancorp, Ltd., 290 F.3d 80, 87 (2d

 5   Cir. 2002). A district court necessarily abuses its discretion when its decision rests on an “error of

 6   law . . . or a clearly erroneous finding of fact.” See MONY Grp., Inc. v. Highfields Capital Mgmt.,

 7   L.P., 368 F.3d 138, 143-44 (2d Cir. 2004) (internal quotation marks omitted).

 8           District courts have broad authority to craft remedies for securities violations. See Official

 9   Comm. of Unsecured Creditors of WorldCom, Inc. v. SEC, 467 F.3d 73, 81 (2d Cir. 2006). This

10   includes the authority to approve a distribution plan proposed by a federal receiver. See Credit

11   Bancorp, 290 F.3d at 82-83. In Credit Bancorp, this Court held that a pro rata distribution plan is

12   appropriate where (1) the funds of the defrauded investors have been commingled, and (2) the

13   victims are similarly situated with respect to their relationship to the defrauders. Id. at 88-89. The

14   Court further noted that the “use of a pro rata distribution has been deemed especially appropriate

15   for fraud victims of a Ponzi scheme.” Id. at 89 (internal quotation marks omitted). Moreover, this

16   Court has upheld the district court's broad equitable authority to order a pro rata distribution even

17   where some funds are traceable to specific claimants, noting that “whether at any given moment a

18   particular customer's assets are traceable is ‘a result of the merely fortuitous fact that the defrauders

19   spent the money of the other victims first.’” Id. at 89 (quoting United States v. Durham, 86 F.3d 70,

20   72 (5th Cir. 1996)). Here, accordingly, we find no abuse of discretion in the district court’s well-

21   reasoned finding that a pro rata distribution was the most equitable remedy for the fraud at issue.

22   Nor is there any merit to Orgel’s assertion that the district court previously granted an exception to


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 1   the Distribution Plan similar to the one she urges here. The “exception” to which Orgel refers was

 2   nothing more than the district court’s extension of several claims deadlines that had expired or were

 3   nearing expiration. See SEC v. Byers, 637 F. Supp. 2d. 166, 184-85 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) (“For the

 4   foregoing reasons, the Receiver’s Plan is approved, with the exception that the schedule is modified

 5   as set forth above.”).

 6           Finally, the foregoing analysis is not altered by Orgel’s suggestion at oral argument, based

 7   on evidentiary material not submitted to the district court, that the bank may have placed an internal

 8   hold on the account into which her check was deposited before the check cleared. Without

 9   attempting to draw a precise line as to when funds given to the perpetrator of a fraud come under

10   his control, it is sufficient to note that the district court was well within its discretion in concluding

11   that a check that was deposited by the recipient and credited to his account well before the district

12   court ordered the account frozen was properly regarded as part of the receivership estate and subject

13   to pro rata distribution. Accordingly, we find that the district court did not abuse its discretion when

14   it declined to modify the Distribution Plan based on the fact that Orgel was the last investor in the

15   ATM II, LLC account.

16           We are sympathetic to Orgel’s plight as a fraud victim, and to her keen feeling that, since her

17   money was invested in the fraudulent scheme shortly before its termination, she should be

18   distinguished from other victims and should receive her money back in full. Once it is understood,

19   however, that a pro rata distribution plan is the most appropriate response to a Ponzi scheme of this

20   kind, it follows that some investor-victims will receive less compensation than they might have

21   under some versions of tracing schemes. And wherever the line is drawn as to those who are

22   included within the distribution plan, some victim will always be the last one in, and the best able


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1    to claim disadvantage. That is not a reason, however, to reject the district court’s entirely reasonable

2    decision to adopt a pro rata distribution plan, and to include Orgel in it.

3           We have considered all of Orgel’s remaining arguments and find them to be without merit.

4    For the foregoing reasons, the district court’s decision is AFFIRMED.

 5
 6                                                          FOR THE COURT:
 7                                                          Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk
 8
 9
10




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