                                                                    Tuesday                28th

               June, 2005.


In Re: Carl Dicks,                                                                                Petitioner.

                     Record No. 0356-05-4


                             Upon a Petition for a Writ of Actual Innocence

                      Before Chief Judge Fitzpatrick, Judges Elder and Humphreys


       Carl Dicks petitions this Court for a Writ of Actual Innocence pursuant to Chapter 19.3 of Title

19.2 of the Code of Virginia. He contends he is innocent of distribution of cocaine, robbery, aggravated

malicious wounding, and use of a firearm, of which he was convicted and sentenced in the Circuit Court

of Prince William County on August 14, 1995. Pursuant to Code § 19.2-327.11(C), this Court ordered

the Attorney General to file a response to the petition. This Court granted petitioner’s request for

appointment of counsel and permitted appointed counsel to file a reply to the Attorney General’s

response to the petition.

       Upon consideration of the petition, the response of the Attorney General, the reply filed by

petitioner’s counsel, and the records of prior proceedings in the case, this Court dismisses the petition

pursuant to Code § 19.2-327.13 for the following reasons:

                                          Facts Adduced at Trial

       On the afternoon of February 20, 1995, Samuel Russo purchased cocaine in a Manassas parking

lot. Earlier that day, Russo had consumed three beers. Immediately after purchasing the cocaine, Russo

smoked it, and then sought to purchase more cocaine from the same person. During the second

transaction, the seller, who was standing only two feet from Russo, shot Russo three times.

       A few hours after the shooting, Russo told Detective W. A. Goodman that three black males had

been involved. Russo described two of the men to Goodman. The first man, who was the gunman, had
a “long egg-shaped” face and a smooth complexion. He was wearing black pants and a tan and green

shirt, was more than six feet tall, and weighed about 150 pounds. The second man had a “weathered”

face and dark skin. Russo described his hair as looking like two-inch-long “night crawlers.” Russo

stated that the second man was dressed in red pants and a red shirt with black “specks.”

       The next day, Goodman and Russo developed a composite picture of one of the perpetrators.

Using that composite, Goodman put together a photographic lineup that included petitioner’s picture.

On March 20, 1995, Goodman presented the photographic lineup to Russo. Russo chose a photograph

of Alvin Hogan as the person who shot him. Hogan later confessed to being involved in the incident.

       Russo viewed the same photographic lineup again three days later. Goodman asked Russo if

there were any other suspects pictured in the lineup that were involved in the crimes. Russo stated that

he had recognized other individuals in the lineup, but had not disclosed this earlier because he was on

probation and he had been purchasing drugs when the crimes occurred. Russo then selected petitioner’s

photograph from the lineup and identified petitioner as the gunman. Russo testified at trial that he

recognized petitioner as the gunman in his first viewing of the lineup, but he had not told the police for

fear of retaliation against his family. Russo said there was no doubt in his mind that petitioner was the

one who shot him.

       Russo testified that he and Herme Martinez drove to Manassas in Martinez’s truck on the

afternoon of February 20, 1995, for Russo to purchase cocaine. Russo engaged petitioner in

conversation about making the purchase. Russo gave petitioner forty dollars, and petitioner gave Russo

cocaine. Martinez and Russo drove a short distance away, parked, and using an empty beer can, Russo

smoked the cocaine.

       Thereafter, petitioner and another man appeared at the parked truck. Russo said he wanted to

purchase more cocaine. Petitioner showed Russo a package and told him that it cost $100. Russo

handed the money to petitioner and received the package from petitioner. Suddenly, the man who was

with petitioner reached into the truck and tried to grab Russo’s wallet from his lap. A struggle ensued,
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but Russo maintained possession of his wallet. Petitioner, who was standing within two feet of Russo,

pointed a gun at Russo through the truck window. Petitioner shot Russo twice, in the right elbow and

left thigh. Russo threw his wallet out the window. As Russo attempted to get out of the truck, petitioner

shot him in the back.

                        Interrogation of Suspect in Unrelated Crime by Goodman

       In support of his petition for a writ of actual innocence, petitioner relies upon one page of an

interrogation by Goodman of a suspect involved in a crime unrelated to petitioner’s crimes. Petitioner

contends that Goodman indicated during that interrogation that he thought petitioner’s co-defendant,

rather than petitioner, was the shooter in the February 20, 1995 crimes committed against Russo.

During the interrogation, Goodman referred to “Coco,” the street name for petitioner’s co-defendant,

Dondrell Macon. After Goodman mentioned Coco, Goodman stated to the suspect, “Tell you about the

shoppin’ center shootin’, where he shot the guy three times?” Petitioner alleges that this evidence was

unknown or unavailable to him and was withheld from him by the police and the Commonwealth’s

Attorney at his trial. The interrogation document contains no date as to when the interrogation occurred.

       “To be entitled to relief under Code § 19.2-327.13, a petitioner must prove by clear and

convincing evidence that the previously unknown or unavailable evidence ‘is material and when

considered with all the other evidence in the current record, will prove that no rational trier of fact could

have found proof of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.’” In re Barron, 44 Va. App. 536, 540, 605 S.E.2d

777, 779 (2004) (quoting Code § 19.2-327.11(A)(vii)). The interrogation and petitioner’s accompanying

affidavit fail to meet this standard, as they in no way affect the sufficiency of the evidence to support

petitioner’s convictions.1


       1
         On direct appeal, both this Court and the Supreme Court of Virginia rejected petitioner’s
challenges to the reliability of the identification procedure and the sufficiency of the evidence to support
his convictions. Thus, petitioner’s argument in support of his petition for a writ of actual innocence that
Russo’s identification was unreliable, does not involve newly-discovered evidence and is not
appropriate for review in this proceeding. See In re Neal, 44 Va. App. 89, 90, 603 S.E.2d 170, 170
(2004).
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       The interrogation indicates only that Goodman stated to a suspect that “he,” presumably referring

to “Coco,” shot a guy three times at a shopping center. Even accepting as true that Goodman thought

petitioner’s co-defendant, Macon, was the shooter, the interrogation alone does not establish petitioner’s

innocence. The trial judge specifically recognized that “[i]t’s certainly a reasonable inference that it’s a

concertive action on the part of all three of the gentlemen that were there.” It is well settled that

petitioner was responsible for all of the offenses committed by any of his co-defendants where they

acted in concert. See Carter v. Commonwealth, 232 Va. 122, 126-27, 348 S.E.2d 265, 267-68 (1986).

       Furthermore, petitioner has not established that the interrogation is material and, when

considered with the other evidence in the record, that no rational trier of fact could have found proof of

his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. First, the interrogation does not address petitioner’s conviction for

distribution of cocaine, to which Russo unequivocally testified. Second, a rational juror could have

rejected Goodman’s alleged opinion that Macon was the shooter and accepted Russo’s positive

identification of petitioner as the shooter. Consequently, petitioner is not entitled to relief in this

proceeding. Code § 19.2-327.11(A)(vii). “While perhaps conveying suspicion on the part of

[Goodman] that [someone else] was involved in the crimes . . . , the [interrogation] does nothing to

establish petitioner’s innocence. Thus, petitioner is not eligible for the writ on this basis.” In re Barron,

44 Va. App. at 540, 605 S.E.2d at 779.

       We deny petitioner’s request to remand to the circuit court for an evidentiary hearing as the

pleadings and records before us do not support petitioner’s claim for relief.

       Because the issues addressed herein are of first impression and potential litigants and members

of the bar may benefit from the directives herein, we direct the Clerk to publish this order.

       This Court’s records reflect that James G. Connell, III, Esquire, is counsel of record for

petitioner in this matter. The Circuit Court of Prince William County shall allow said court-appointed

counsel the fee set forth below and counsel’s necessary direct out-of-pocket expenses. The


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Commonwealth shall recover of petitioner the costs in this Court. The Attorney General shall recover of

the petitioner her costs expended herein.

Costs due the Commonwealth by petitioner in
 Court of Appeals of Virginia:

       Attorney’s fee    $400.00 plus costs and expenses

 Attorney General’s costs:

       Attorney’s fee    $50.00


                                            A Copy,

                                                  Teste:

                                                                  Clerk




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