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                ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                   DIVISIONS I and IV
                                     No. CV-15-300

                                                OPINION DELIVERED JANUARY 27, 2016

 PRISCILLA PONDER                               APPEAL FROM THE UNION
                              APPELLANT         COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
                                                [NO. JV-2013-340-3ED]

 V.                                             HONORABLE EDWIN KEATON,
                                                JUDGE
 ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF
 HUMAN SERVICES AND A.P., E.P.,                 SUBSTITUTED OPINION ON GRANT
 and J.P., MINOR CHILDREN                       OF REHEARING; REVERSED AND
                       APPELLEES                REMANDED



                         ROBERT J. GLADWIN, Chief Judge

       Appellant Priscilla Ponder appeals the January 26, 2015 orders of the Union County

Circuit Court, 1 arguing that there was insufficient evidence to support the circuit court’s

grant of permanent custody of appellant’s three minor children, A.P., E.P., and J.P. to

relatives and closing the case. We agree; accordingly, we reverse and remand.

                               I. Facts and Procedural History

       On December 13, 2013, the Department of Human Services (DHS) took a seventy-

two-hour hold on appellant’s children after the death of a sibling. 2 The children were



       1
       These were final orders pursuant to Arkansas Rule of Civil Procedure 54(b) (2015),
entered subsequent to the review hearing; notices of appeal were filed on January 29, 2015.
       2
         This child was her boyfriend’s son, L.C. it is unclear whether L.C. was, in fact, a
sibling for purposes of the Juvenile Code.
                                  Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 61

separated almost immediately; A.P. was placed with one set of relatives, and E.P. and J.P.

were placed with another. The children were adjudicated dependent-neglected by an order

file-marked on May 29, 2014, and the goal was set for reunification. Review hearings held

on June 16, August 4, and September 29, 2014, continued that goal until the permanency-

planning hearing on December 1, 2014, when the goal was changed to obtaining a

permanent custodian, including permanent custody with a fit and willing relative.

       The circuit court found that it was not in the children’s best interest to return custody

to appellant and cited several reasons for that finding. Visitation was continued as previously

ordered, prior orders not in conflict remained in effect, and the case was set for a review

hearing. At the review hearing on January 9, 2015, the circuit court granted permanent

custody of appellant’s three children to two separate sets of relatives and closed the DHS

case. On January 29, 2015, appellant filed a notice of appeal regarding the orders granting

permanent custody of her children that are file-marked January 26, 2015, and this appeal

follows.

       The January 9, 2015 hearing—from which the orders now appealed were handed

down—included no testimony, evidence, coherent arguments of counsel, or findings from

the circuit court. But the orders appealed from specifically state,

       From the testimony, exhibits, statements of the parties and counsel, the record
       herein, and other things and matters presented, the Court, noting the best interests,
       welfare, health and safety, case plan[,] and appropriate statutory placement
       alternatives.




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       In appellant’s brief, the only proceeding abstracted was the January 9, 2015 review

hearing from which the orders are appealed originated pursuant to Rule 6-9 of the Arkansas

Supreme Court Rules (2015), which states in pertinent part,

       (c)(1) The record for appeal shall be limited to the transcript of the hearing from which the
       order on appeal arose, any petitions, pleadings, and orders relevant to the hearing from
       which the order on appeal arose, all exhibits entered into evidence at that hearing,
       and all orders entered in the case prior to the order on appeal. (Emphasis added.)


Although described as a review hearing, the ten-page abstract and corresponding pages in

the record indicate that other than counsel for the parties discussing the purpose of the

hearing, the only matter dealt with was appellant’s trial counsel basically conducting an

indigency inquiry for the purpose of appeal of the December 1, 2014 permanency-planning

hearing. On June 17, 2015, this court granted appellant’s motion to strike the exhibits and

transcript from the December 1, 2014 permanency-planning hearing, which were not

reintroduced at the January 9, 2015 review hearing and should not have been included in

the appellate record filed before this court.

                                     II. Standard of Review

       A dependent-neglected child’s custody, when the preponderance of the evidence

shows that it is in their best interest, can be transferred to a relative. Ark. Code Ann. §§ 9-

27-325(h)(2)(B), 9-27-334(a)(2)(A), 9-27-335(d) (Repl. 2009 & Supp. 2013). The appellate

court on appeal will not reverse the circuit court’s best-interest finding unless it is clearly

erroneous. See Penn v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2013 Ark. App. 327.




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       This court reviews findings in dependency-neglect proceedings de novo but will not

reverse the circuit court’s findings unless they are clearly erroneous. Porter v. Ark. Dep’t of

Human Servs., 374 Ark. 177, 286 S.W.3d 686 (2008). A finding is clearly erroneous when,

although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left

with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made. Seago v. Ark. Dep’t of

Human Servs., 2011 Ark. 184, 380 S.W.3d 894. While disputed facts and determinations of

credibility are within the province of the fact-finder, Miller v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs.,

86 Ark. App. 172, 167 S.W.3d 153 (2004), a circuit court’s conclusion on a matter of law

is given no deference on appeal. Linder v. Ark. Midstream Gas Servs. Corp., 2010 Ark. 117,

362 S.W.3d 889.

                        III. Statutory Requirements for Review Hearings

       Under Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-27-337 (Supp. 2013), the court shall

review every case of dependency-neglect when:

       (a)(1)(A) A juvenile is placed by the court in the custody of [DHS] or in another out-
       of-home placement until there is a permanent order of custody . . . ;
                                                   ....
       (e)(1)(A) In each case in which a juvenile has been placed in an out-of-home
       placement, the court shall conduct a hearing to review the case sufficient to
       determine the future status of the juvenile based upon the best interest of the juvenile.
                                                   ....
       (B)(i) The court shall determine and shall include in its orders the following:
       (a) Whether the case plan, services, and placement meet the special needs and best
       interest of the juvenile, with the juvenile’s health, safety, and educational needs
       specifically addressed;
       (b) Whether the state has made reasonable efforts to provide family services;

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       (c) Whether the case plan is moving towards an appropriate permanency plan
       pursuant to § 9-27-338 for the juvenile; and
       (d) Whether the visitation plan is appropriate for the juvenile, the parent or parents,
       and any siblings, if separated.
                                                   ....
       (C) In making its findings, the court shall consider the following:
                                                   ....
       (iv) An appropriate permanency plan pursuant to § 9-27-338 for the juvenile.
Ark. Code Ann. §§ 9-27-337(a)(1)(A), (e)(1)(A), (B)(i), (C)(iv).


         IV. Sufficiency of the Evidence Supporting Circuit Court’s Grant of Permanent Custody

       The orders appealed from specifically indicate that the case was thoroughly reviewed

by the court on January 9, 2015, and pronounce that the circuit court found that it was in

the children’s best interest to grant permanent custody to their respective custodians, that

DHS was relieved of providing services, and that no further review hearings would be

required. But our review of the record confirms that there were no findings made by the

circuit court based on evidence presented at the review hearing regarding the best interest of

the children. Whether a change in custody is in the best interest of a child is a question of

fact, not a matter of law, and as such, the best-interest criterion is susceptible of, and must

be attended by, some proof. See Calhoun v. Calhoun, 84 Ark. App. 158, 138 S.W.3d 689

(2003). This court has cautioned DHS not to be “cavalier” in producing evidence given

that DHS has the burden of proof at trial. Dean v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2009 Ark.

App. 198, at 3, 299 S.W.3d 537, 539. Factors offered in evidence enable the circuit court

to make its statutorily-mandated findings, such as “best interest.”



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       We hold that the circuit court committed reversible error by making findings that

granted custody in the orders appealed from despite the complete lack of evidence presented

for the circuit court to consider at the January 9, 2015 review hearing. Accordingly, we

reverse and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

       Reversed and remanded.

       ABRAMSON, GLOVER, HIXSON, HOOFMAN, and BROWN, JJ., agree.

       Suzanne Ritter Lumpkin, Arkansas Public Defender Commission, for appellant.

       Mischa K. Martin, County Legal Operations, for appellee.

       Chrestman Group, PLLC, by: Keith L. Chrestman, attorney ad litem for minor
children.




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