      IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

In the Matter of the Dependency of:      )
                                                                                     T--_-)
                                         )                                           -
Z.F.S., dob 01/06/13,                    )       No. 75104-2-1
                                         )
                    A minor child.       )       DIVISION ONE                        -

                                         )                                            .....
STATE OF WASHINGTON,                     )
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND                 )
HEALTH SERVICES,                         )
                                         )
                    Respondent,          )       UNPUBLISHED OPINION
                                         )
               v.                        )       FILED: April 17, 2017
                                         )
MARIE SMITH,                             )
                                         )
                    Appellant.           )
                                         )

      BECKER, J. — Marie Smith appeals the denial of her motion to vacate an

order terminating her parental rights to her son, Z.F.S. She contends the court

violated CR 60(e)(2) and her right to due process by denying the motion to

vacate without first holding a hearing. We affirm.

      Smith is the biological mother of Z.F.S., born on January 6, 2013. The

parental rights of Z.F.S.'s father were terminated in 2014 and are not at issue in

this appeal.
No. 75104-2-1/2



       Shortly after the child's birth, the court entered an order of dependency.

The order recited Smith's history of "severe mental health issues," inpatient and

outpatient mental health treatment, alcohol and marijuana dependence, and a

history of chemical dependency treatment and relapse. It stated that Smith

"continues to act erratically, to appear delusional, and to become highly

intoxicated." Smith had recently made numerous calls to fire departments and

law enforcement with bizarre behaviors and reports.

       The court ordered Smith to participate in a psychological evaluation, which

was later administered by psychologist Steve Tutty. Dr. Tutty diagnosed Smith

with bipolar disorder, poor executive functioning, and suspected alcohol abuse.

A chemical dependency assessment administered by Sound Mental Health

concluded that Smith showed signs of alcohol and marijuana dependence.

       In September 2014, following largely unsuccessful attempts to treat

Smith's mental health and substance abuse issues, the Department of Social and

Health Services petitioned to terminate her parental rights. The petition stated in

part that Smith demonstrated an unwillingness to participate in or successfully

complete services offered and that she "has a severe and debilitating mental

illness for which she refuses to obtain treatment or medication." The petition also

stated that Smith abuses alcohol and had not completed a chemical dependency

assessment or urinalysis testing.

      During trial on the petition, Smith's counsel told the Department that Smith

was interested in an open adoption. The parties subsequently reached an



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No. 75104-2-1/3



agreement under which Smith would voluntarily relinquish her parental rights and

the child would be placed in an open adoption. Before accepting the agreement,

the court asked Smith and her counsel the following questions:

      [THE COURT:]. . . I have the relinquishment of custody, consent to
      termination, adoption, and waiver of rights and received notice of
      proceedings which has been signed by Ms. Smith and signed by
      [counsel] as a witness. Have you been through that entire
      document with Ms. Smith?
             [COUNSEL]: Yes, I have, your Honor.
              THE COURT: Okay. And do you believe she fully
      understands that document?
             [COUNSEL]: Yes.
              THE COURT: Are you satisfied that it's a knowing,
      intelligent, and voluntary waiver of the rights that she's giving up?
             [COUNSEL]: Yes.
              THE COURT: Okay. Ms. Smith, do you have any further
      questions for [your counsel] or for me?
              MS. SMITH: No, your Honor.

This colloquy occurred on February 19, 2015. The court informed Smith she had

48 hours to revoke her relinquishment for any reason.

      Smith did not change her mind, and on February 23, 2015, the court

entered, and Smith signed, a "Relinquishment of Custody, Consent to

Termination/Adoption, and Waiver of Right to Receive Notice of Proceedings."

The document stated:

             4. I hereby consent to termination of my parental rights and
      request the Court to enter an order permanently terminating all of
      my parental rights to the child. Ifurther consent to the child's
      adoption and also authorize the Department of Social and Health
      Services to consent, on my behalf, to the child's adoption.
             5. I understand that the legal effect of this consent will be to
      divest me of all legal rights and obligations with respect to the child,
      except for past due support obligations with respect to the child. I
      also understand that the child will be freed from all legal obligations
      of obedience and maintenance with respect to me, and shall be, to

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No. 75104-2-1/4



       all legal intents and purposes, and for all legal incidents, the child,
       legal heir and lawful issue of the ultimate adoptive parents, entitled
       to all rights and privileges, including the right of inheritance and the
       right to take under testamentary disposition, and subject to all
       obligations of a child of such adoptive parents as if born to such
       adoptive parents. . . .
               6. 1 understand that my decision to relinquish the child is an
       extremely important one, that the legal effect of this relinquishment
       will be to take from me all legal rights and obligations with respect
       to the child, and that an order permanently terminating all of my
       parental rights to the child will be entered. . . .

               10. I understand that after this consent is approved by the
       court, it is not revocable except for fraud or duress practiced by the
       person, department or agency requesting the consent or for lack of
       mental competency at the time the consent was given by me.
       Under no circumstances can I revoke this consent later than one
       year after it is approved by the Court.

              13. I have read or have had read to me the foregoing and 1
       hereby understand the same. The foregoing consent has been
       given freely, voluntarily, and with full knowledge of the
       consequences, and the consent is not the result of fraud or duress,
       nor am 1 acting under the influence of anyone.

       Smith, the adoptive parents, and the child, through a Court Appointed

Special Advocate, entered a written stipulation, agreement, and findings

regarding the adoption. The agreement recited that it was "entered into by all

parties willingly, without force, duress, or coercion." The agreement included a

finding by the court to the same effect, as well as findings that the parties had

access to counsel before signing the agreement and that the agreement was in

the child's best interests. Bold print located immediately above the parties'

signatures stated:

              The.. . parties declare under the penalty of perjury. . . that
       they have read the foregoing Stipulation, Agreement, Findings of
       Fact, Conclusions of Law And Order Regarding Communication

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No. 75104-2-1/5



       And Contact Between Birth Parent, Child Adoptee And Adoptive
       Parents, understand and agree with the contents thereof, and
       consent to its entry by this court.

       The court entered findings and conclusions terminating Smith's parental

rights. The court found that Smith "understood the consequences of. . . her acts

and was not acting under fraud, duress, or mistake of fact, and that the written

consent was validly executed." The court concluded that Smith "executed a valid

relinquishment" and that termination was in the best interests of the child.

       One year later, Smith filed a "Motion for Order to Show Cause and

Respondent's Motion to Vacate Order Terminating The Parent-Child Relationship

as to the Mother." The motion sought relief from the termination order under the

following authorities:

      CR 60(b)(1)(irregularity in obtaining an order or judgment); CR
      60(b)(2)(erroneous proceedings against a person of unsound mind
      not appearing on the record); CR 60(b)(11)(other reasons justifying
      relief from judgment); RCW 26.33.070 (appointment of a guardian
      ad litem for a parent in adoption proceedings); RCW 26.33.160(g)
      (lack of mental competence of parent signing revocation).

Neither Smith's motion nor her supporting memorandum requested a hearing.

Instead, Smith noted her motion for a date "Without Oral Argument."

       In a supporting memorandum, Smith argued that, given her mental health

issues, "the Court should have appointed a guardian ad litem to assist her in

signing the relinquishment or sought the assistance of Dr. Tutty in determining if

Ms. Smith could rationally sign such a document." Smith alleged in a supporting

declaration that she was drinking, not consistently participating in mental health

services, and "very 'strung out" when she relinquished her parental rights. Smith

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No. 75104-2-1/6



filed a copy of Dr. Tutty's 2014 evaluation, which discussed her poor executive

functioning, bipolar disorder, and other mental health issues.

        On March 21, 2016, the court denied Smith's motion to vacate, stating in

part:

                Smith raises the following legal authorities:
                RCW 26.33.070(1). This statute applies to an incompetent
        party. But based on the proceedings before the Court, the Court
        found, on February 23, 2015, that Smith executed a valid consent
        to termination of the parent-child relationship and in doing so,"she
        understood the consequences of. . . her acts and was not acting
        under fraud, duress, or mistake of fact. . . ." These proceedings
        included the undersigned judge's in-person observation of three
        days of trial and Smith's lengthy live testimony. This allowed the
        judge to carefully observe Smith's demeanor, credibility, and
        competence. The proceedings also included the judge's questions
        to Smith's attorney and the attorney's affirmation that Smith fully
        understood the consent-to-termination papers and that Smith's
        consent was knowing, intelligent, and voluntary. Moreover, as
        Smith concedes, appointment of a guardian ad litem in this
        scenario is discretionary. Under the facts of this case, the Court did
        not abuse its discretion in not appointing a GAL.
                RCW 26.33.160(3). This statute allows "a consent [to] be
        revoked for fraud or duress. . . or for lack of mental competency on
        the part of the person giving the consent at the time the consent
        was given," which must be proved by clear, cogent, and convincing
        evidence. Smith has not submitted evidence that meets this high
        burden of proof. For example, Dr. Steve Tutty's evaluation from
        over a year before Smith relinquished her rights is not sufficient.
        Procedurally, the evaluation is an unsworn statement and it is
        hearsay; for each reason, it is not admissible evidence. Even if it
        were admissible, substantively, it does not meet the high burden of
        clear, cogent, and convincing evidence that Smith was mentally
        incompetent, especially in light of the Court's contemporaneous
        observations and findings noted above.
                CR 60(b)(2). This rule allows relief from a final judgment due
        to "erroneous proceedings against a minor or person of unsound
        mind       " Smith has not submitted evidence that proves she was
        of "unsound mind" in February 2015, especially in light of the
        Court's contemporaneous observations and findings noted above.



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No. 75104-2-1/7



             CR 60(b)(1); CR 60(b)(11); In re HQ, 182 Wn. App. 541
      (2014). These authorities, too, do not justify granting Smith's
      motion to vacate.
             The nonmoving party, DSHS, has responded to the Motion.
      And Smith has not raised material, disputed facts. That is, even if
      accepted as true, the evidence that Smith submits now does not
      overcome the Court's February 2015 findings that Smith
      understood her acts and does not justify vacating the order
      terminating her parental rights, for the reasons stated above.
      Therefore, there is no reason to set a show cause hearing.[1]

Smith appeals.

Hearing on Motion To Vacate / CR 60(e)(2)

       Smith first contends that the trial court erred in deciding her motion to

vacate without holding a hearing as required by CR 60(e)(2). The rule states:

              (2) Notice. Upon the filing of the motion and affidavit, the
       court shall enter an order fixing the time and place of the hearing
       thereof and directing all parties to the action or proceeding who
       may be affected thereby to appear and show cause why the relief
       asked for should not be granted.

Smith claims the word "shall" required the court to hold a hearing on a properly

filed motion.

       We rejected an essentially identical argument in Stoulil v. Edwin A.

Epstein, Jr., Operating Co., 101 Wn. App. 294, 298, 3 P.3d 764 (2000). There,

the trial court denied a CR 60(b) motion without scheduling a hearing or taking

evidence. Stoulil, 101 Wn. App. at 297. On appeal, the appellants claimed that

CR 60(e)"unequivocally requires oral hearings on motions to vacate." Stoulil,




       1 (Some alterations in original.)(Footnotes omitted.)

                                             7
No. 75104-2-1/8



101 Wn. App. at 298. We rejected this claim. Referring to cases holding that CR

60(e)(2) is purely a notice provision and that oral testimony on a CR 60(b) motion

is discretionary absent disputed issues of fact, we stated:

               When a judge ruling on a motion to vacate presided over the
      trial, the nonmoving party had ample opportunity to respond and did
      not request oral argument, and the motion is based on undisputed
      facts that could have been presented at trial, a trial judge may deny
      a CR 60 motion without hearing argument.

Stoulil, 101 Wn. App. at 298 (footnotes omitted).

       Contrary to Smith's assertions, Stoulil is not materially distinguishable

from this case. In both cases, the judge ruling on the motion to vacate also

presided over the trial, the nonmoving party had ample opportunity to respond,

the nonmoving party did not request a hearing, and the evidence submitted in

support of the motion could have been presented during the proceedings

challenged in the motion. In this case, Dr. Tutty's prerelinquishment evaluation

and Smith's declaration could have been presented in the proceedings below.

And while Smith claims she requested a hearing on the motion to vacate, her

citation to the record reveals no such request. In fact, as previously noted, the

record shows that she set the motion for a date "Without Oral Argument."

       In addition, the evidence Smith submitted in support of her motion did not

create a material factual dispute requiring a hearing. A biological parent's

consent to relinquishment and adoption can be revoked on a showing of mental

incapacity of the relinquishing parent. RCW 26.33.160(3); In re Welfare of J.N.,

123 Wn. App. 564, 573, 95 P.3d 414 (2004), review denied, 154 Wn.2d 1003



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No. 75104-2-1/9



(2005). But Washington courts presume mental competency unless shown

otherwise by clear, cogent, and convincing evidence. Binder v. Binder, 50 Wn.2d

142, 148-49, 309 P.2d 1050 (1957); see In re Welfare of J.N., 123 Wn. App. 564,

573, 95 P.3d 414 (2004), review denied, 154 Wn.2d 1003(2005). Smith's

evidence fell far short of this standard.

       Dr. Tutty's evaluation was unsworn hearsay and thus inadmissible. The

evaluation took place over a year before Smith relinquished her rights and thus

shed little light on her competency at the time of relinquishment. Similarly,

Smith's conclusory and self-serving declaration alleging she was "strung out" and

drinking at the time of her relinquishment provided little, if any, support for her

incompetency claim. This evidence fell well short of the clear, cogent, and

convincing evidence needed to overcome the presumption of competency. This

is particularly true given the court's findings and Smith's representations that, at

the time of relinquishment, her decision was voluntarily, knowingly, and

intelligently made.

       The trial court did not violate CR 60(e)(2) in deciding Smith's motion to

vacate without holding a hearing.

Hearing on Motion To Vacate / Due Process

       For the first time on appeal, Smith contends the court's failure to hold a

hearing on her motion to vacate violated due process. To obtain review of a

claim raised for the first time on appeal, Smith must demonstrate manifest

constitutional error—i.e., a constitutional error that actually prejudiced her rights



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No. 75104-2-1/10



at trial. RAP 2.5(a); State v. Kirkman, 159 Wn.2d 918, 155 P.3d 125 (2007).

She has not done so.

       As discussed above, the evidence submitted in support of Smith's motion

to vacate was insufficient as a matter of law to warrant a hearing under CR 60

and the authorities Smith cited below. She cannot demonstrate prejudice from

any alleged violation of due process.

       In any event, there was no violation of due process. Due process requires

notice and an opportunity to be heard, but it guarantees no particular form of

procedure. Mitchell v. W.T Grant Co., 416 U.S. 600, 610, 94 S. Ct. 1895, 40 L.

Ed. 2d 406 (1974); In re Dependency of R.L., 123 Wn. App. 215, 222, 98 P.3d 75

(2004). Thus, it does not grant parties an inherent right to present oral testimony

or argument. In re Dependency of R.L., 123 Wn. App. at 222; Hanson v. Shim,

87 Wn. App. 538, 551, 943 P.2d 322 (1997), review denied, 134 Wn.2d 1017

(1998); State v. Howe, 44 Wn. App. 559, 565, 723 P.2d 452, review denied, 107

Wn.2d 1014 (1986); Rivers v. Wash. State Conf. of Mason Contractors, 145

Wn.2d 674, 697,41 P.3d 1175 (2002). The process due in any particular

circumstance is determined by balancing:(1) the private interest affected by the

proceeding;(2) the risk of erroneous deprivation of such interest through the

procedures used, and the probable value of additional or substitute procedural

safeguards; and (3) the State's interest. Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 335,

96 S. Ct. 893, 47 L. Ed. 2d 18 (1976). Contrary to Smith's assertions, these

factors do not weigh in favor of an evidentiary hearing on her CR 60 motion.



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No. 75104-2-1/11



       The private interest at stake in Smith's termination proceedings—i.e., her

liberty interest in the care and custody of her child—was undeniably great. In re

Welfare of L.R., 180 Wn. App. 717, 724, 324 P.3d 737(2014). But the State's

parens patriae interest and interest in finality were also great. The parens patriae

interest is an urgent interest in "promoting the welfare of the child" with the goal

of providing "a safe, stable, and permanent home and a speedy resolution of any

dependency and termination proceedings." In re Dependency of T.R., 108 Wn.

App. 149, 157-60, 29 P.3d 1275 (2001); In re Dependency of M.S., 98 Wn. App.

91, 95, 988 P.2d 488 (1999). The State also "has an interest in providing finality

to adoption proceedings to ensure the welfare of the adopted child." In re

Adoption of Infant Boy Crews, 60 Wn. App. 202, 218, 803 P.2d 24 (1991),

affirmed, 118 Wn.2d 561, 825 P.2d 305 (1992). "The difficulty of setting aside a

consent reflects a public policy favoring finality in relinquishment proceedings."

In re Dependency of M.S., 156 Wn. App. 907, 914-15, 236 P.3d 214 (2010),

review denied, 170 Wn.2d 1027 (2011); In the Matter of A.S., 65 Wn. App. 631,

640, 829 P.2d 791 (1992)(noting that the "relinquishment and adoption statutes

are intended to protect the best interests of the child, to achieve finality in the

placement of children, and protect new family relationships from disturbance by

natural parents").

       The third Mathews factor—the risk of an erroneous deprivation of Smith's

parental rights through the procedures used—supports a conclusion that Smith

received due process. It is undisputed that Smith's decision to relinquish her


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No. 75104-2-1/12



parental rights was made with the assistance of counsel. Her counsel told the

court, and Smith represented, that she understood what she was doing and was

voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently relinquishing her parental rights. The trial

judge entered findings to the same effect. Smith had 48 hours to change her

mind for any reason and chose to proceed with relinquishment. When she

moved to vacate her relinquishment, the evidence she submitted in support of

the motion was insufficient, as a matter of law, to overcome the presumption of

competence or the affirmative findings and representations demonstrating her

competence at the time of relinquishment. Thus, the risk of an erroneous

deprivation of Smith's rights under the process provided was extremely low.

       In short, the court's failure to hold a hearing on Smith's motion did not

violate due process.

       Last, Smith contends the court violated due process by sua sponte

interposing a hearsay objection to Dr. Tutty's evaluation without providing her an

opportunity to respond to that objection and by relying on the judge's own

memories of Smith's testimony and demeanor without giving Smith the

opportunity to challenge those memories. To say there was no opportunity to

respond is inaccurate. Smith could have filed a motion for reconsideration to

raise concerns she may have had with any aspect of the court's ruling, including

determinations as to the admissibility of evidence and the court's reliance on the

judge's memory of the hearing as a basis for evaluating the motion. Smith's

claim that the court improperly acted as its own witness is unfounded. She cites


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No. 75104-2-1/13



authority precluding a judge from testifying in a trial over which he or she is

presiding. She cites nothing precluding a judge from considering his or her prior

observations of a party who claims incompetence at the time of entry of a prior

agreed order. See Barrie v. Barrie, 154 N.J. Super. 301, 305, 381 A.2d 374 (Ct.

App. Div. 1977), certif. denied 75 N.J. 601 (1978)(in denying motion to vacate

settlement agreement due to party's alleged incompetence at time of settlement,

judge properly relied on his observations of party's demeanor, comprehension,

and speech when she appeared in proceedings resulting in settlement

agreement); cf. State v. Englund, 186 Wn. App. 444, 459, 345 P.3d 859 (in

denying motion for self-representation, court properly relied on the judge's own

prior observations of the defendant), review denied, 183 Wn.2d 1011 (2015). In

addition, any error regarding the admissibility of the evaluation was harmless

beyond a reasonable doubt because the court expressly stated that even if the

evidence were admissible, it did not meet the high burden of clear, cogent, and

convincing evidence that Smith was mentally incompetent.

       Affirmed.




WE CONCUR:




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