J-A17026-16


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                     IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                       PENNSYLVANIA
                             Appellee

                        v.

MALIQUE SHERRILL

                             Appellant               No. 2284 EDA 2015


              Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence July 14, 2015
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
              Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0013030-2014


BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., LAZARUS, J., and PLATT, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.:                      FILED SEPTEMBER 22, 2016

        Malique Sherrill appeals from the judgment of sentence entered in the

Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County. After our review, we affirm.

        Sherrill was charged with Forgery-Alter Writing,1 Conspiracy,2 Theft by

Unlawful Taking-Moveable Property,3 and Receiving Stolen Property4 as a

result of a “check-kiting” scheme that occurred in 2013. A waiver trial was

held before the Honorable Sierra Thomas Street; the court found Sherrill

____________________________________________


*
    Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1
    18 Pa.C.S. § 4101(a)(1).
2
    18 Pa.C.S. § 903.
3
    18 Pa.C.S. § 3921(a).
4
    18 Pa.C.S. § 3925(a).
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guilty of Receiving Stolen Property; the court acquitted Sherrill of the

remaining charges.5

       At trial, Viola Banks, custodian of records at American Heritage Federal

Credit Union (“AHF”), testified with respect to Sherrill’s account. She stated

that, based on information she received from South Division Credit Union in

Illinois6 (“SD”), she investigated Sherrill’s AHF account in Philadelphia.

Banks determined that six checks, amounting to approximately $9,500, had

been deposited at SD into Sherrill’s account on six different days, the funds

were successfully withdrawn on the days the checks were deposited, and the

checks were ultimately returned unpaid. N.T. Trial, 7/9/15, at 19, 30-35.

       Banks testified that Sherrill’s account statement, Commonwealth

Exhibit C-4, indicated that the multiple withdrawals were made on the same

days as the deposits were made in Illinois. Id. at 41-42, 45. She noted,

however, that none of the checks was endorsed, that she had no idea who

made the deposits, that some of the withdrawals were made in Illinois, that

she did not know who made the withdrawals in Illinois, and that at least two

of the withdrawals were made in the Philadelphia area. Id. at 45-47.
____________________________________________


5
  Sherrill was convicted of the charges of receiving stolen property arising
out of the Philadelphia withdrawals. The trial court acquitted Sherrill of the
remaining charges, concluding that Sherrill was not responsible for actions
and transactions that occurred in Illinois. N.T. Trial, 7/9/2015, at 79.
6
  AHF and SD participate in nationwide “shared branching,” which allows
credit union members to access their accounts at different locations “as if
they were in their home branch.” N.T. Trial, 7/9/15, at 30.



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     On December 28, 2013, Sherrill made two separate withdrawals, one

from an ATM at the Fox Street branch and one at AHF’s Hunting Park

branch, from the teller, for $580.          N.T. Trial, 7/9/15, at 75-76.   With

respect   to   the   latter   withdrawal,   the   Commonwealth    introduced   a

surveillance photograph from the teller window that correlated to the date,

time and place of withdrawal on Sherrill’s account. Id. at 37-40. Banks also

testified that the checks that were deposited had the business name of “All

Star” with an address of 389 William Latham Drive, in Bourbonnais, Illinois,

but she did not know whether that was a legitimate business. Id. at 47-48.

     Sherrill’s co-defendant/sister, Linda Sherrill (“Linda”), also testified for

the defense.    She stated that because she was recently unemployed she

approached a group she found on the internet, “504 Boys,” about getting

money. Although unsure about the group’s legitimacy, when the money

appeared in her brother Sherrill’s account, which she had access to, she

thought the business was legitimate.        N.T. Trial, 7/9/15, at 57-59.   Linda

testified that she told Sherrill her friend was depositing money into his

account on a certain date and asked him to withdraw it for her, and he

agreed.   Id. at 57.     She also testified that Sherrill never questioned her

about the source of the funds and that he did not know that the funds

originated from an illegal source.          She also stated that she was not

completely upfront with her brother, but that she had taken care of him

since he was ten years old and she would not put him in a compromising

situation. Id. at 59-60. She testified on direct examination:

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      Q: And what did you tell him to get him to withdraw[] the
      money?

      A: I just told him a friend of mine was putting some money in
      his account and I asked him would it be okay and he said yeah
      and I told him that when the money [came], could he get it out
      for me and he said he didn’t see no problem with that.

                            ***

      Q: Did he have any idea that the money was coming from
      anywhere but a legal source?

      A: He never really questioned me. No. I really didn’t know.

      Q: You didn’t know? Why did you ask him to do this for you?

      A: Just greed. I really don’t have an answer. I’m just, you
      know, just something I did and it was just greed at the time. I
      had lost my job and it was really hard for me and, you know,
      and he said that I could make money and, you know, I wouldn’t
      be in trouble and I mean—

      Q: Who said you could make money?

      A: When I was on the internet. I got these guys from off the
      internet and, you know, they said it was okay.

      Q: Who were these guys?

      A: They[‘re] called the 504 Boys.

Id. at 57-59. Linda also testified that she believed Sherrill did not question

her about the source of the funds because “I’m his sister and, I guess, you

know, I take care of him all his life. I mean, you know, I would never put

him in any harm’s way.” Id. at 60. When asked why, knowing she was a

co-defendant, she decided to testify, she stated: “Because I felt I had to. I

mean, I’m not saying he’s an innocent guy. I’m not saying he’s an angel or

nothing, but he didn’t do this, and I just felt like, you know, I had to do

this.” Id.


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      Sherrill also testified. He stated that he trusted his sister, and had no

reason to question her:    “My sister never had a record.        So why would I

question her. . . . All I knew was my sister asked me can you get the money

out for me or whatever. I’m like no problem. I went and did that for her

like any person would do for their sister or brother or mother or father.” Id.

at 73-74.   Sherrill acknowledged on cross-examination that he knew his

sister was unemployed at the time. Id. at 77.

      Following conviction, the court sentenced Sherrill to 6 to 12 months’

imprisonment and ordered him to pay $4,000 in restitution. Sherrill filed a

motion for reconsideration of sentence.       The court granted the motion,

vacated Sherrill’s sentence and resentenced him to two years’ reporting

probation with no restitution. Sherrill filed a post-sentence motion, claiming

the verdict was against the weight of the evidence.          The court denied the

motion, and Sherrill filed a notice of appeal. The court ordered Sherrill to

filed a Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P.

1925(b), which Sherrill timely filed.

      Sherrill raises the following claims for our review:

      1.    Was not the evidence insufficient to support [Sherrill’s]
      conviction  for   receiving   stolen     property where    the
      Commonwealth failed to establish that [Sherrill] knew, should
      have known, or believed that the money he withdrew from his
      own American Heritage Federal Credit Union bank account was
      stolen money, as there was no evidence that the money he
      withdraw was stolen, and it was undisputed that once [Sherrill]
      withdrew the money he gave it all to his sister?

      2.   Did not the trial court err by allowing the introduction of
      inadmissible hearsay evidence through Commonwealth witness

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      Viola Banks consisting of a letter written by Ms. Banks to the
      Philadelphia Police Department in anticipation of litigation, with
      attached copies of checks deposited at a bank in Illinois for
      which Ms. Banks was not the custodian of records and about
      which she had no personal knowledge?

      3.    Did not the trial court err by denying [Sherrill’s] post-trial
      motion requesting a new trial, as the verdict was against the
      weight of the evidence where the Commonwealth failed to
      establish that [Sherrill] engaged in any criminal activity, merely
      demonstrating that [Sherrill] withdrew money from his own
      federal credit union bank account and gave it to his sister after
      checks were deposited into his account at a different federal
      credit union in Illinois that were later determined to have been
      returned unpaid?

 Appellant’s Brief, at 4-5.

      When reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of evidence, our

standard of review is well settled:

      The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of evidence is
      whether, viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in the light
      most favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient evidence
      to enable the fact[-]finder to find every element of the crime
      beyond a reasonable doubt. In applying the above test, we may
      not weigh the evidence and substitute our judgment for that of
      the fact-finder. In addition, we note that the facts and
      circumstances established by the Commonwealth may not
      preclude every possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding a
      defendant’s guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder unless the
      evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no
      probability of fact may be drawn from the combined
      circumstances. The Commonwealth may sustain its burden of
      proving every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt
      by means of wholly circumstantial evidence. Moreover, in
      applying the above test, the entire record must be evaluated and
      all evidence actually received must be considered. Finally, the
      trier of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and
      the weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part
      or none of the evidence.




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Commonwealth v. Brown, 904 A.2d 925, 931 (Pa. Super. 2006) (citations

omitted).

      The crime of receiving stolen property is defined as follows:

      § 3925. Receiving stolen property

      (a) Offense defined.—A person is guilty of theft if he intentionally
      receives, retains, or disposes of movable property of another
      knowing that it has been stolen, or believing that it has probably
      been stolen, unless the property is received, retained, or
      disposed with intent to restore it to the owner.

18 Pa.C.S. § 3925(a).    To obtain a conviction for the offense of receiving

stolen property, the Commonwealth must “prove beyond a reasonable doubt

that (1) the property had been stolen, (2) the accused received the

property, and (3) the accused knew or had reasonable cause to know that it

had been stolen.”   Commonwealth v. Worrell, 419 A.2d 1199, 1201 (Pa.

Super. 1980). In making its case, the prosecution may sustain its burden by

means of circumstantial evidence. Id. See also Commonwealth v. Nero,

58 A.3d 802, 807 (Pa. Super. 2012).

      Sherrill contests the sufficiency of the evidence with respect to the

“guilty knowledge” element of the crime. He argues that the Commonwealth

did not prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Sherrill either intentionally

received stolen property or believed that the property was probably stolen.

This Court has commented on the basic requirement to satisfy this element

as follows:

      Importantly, the Legislature expressly defined the required
      mental state as “knowing” or “believing.” Because the


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      Legislature excluded mental states such as recklessness,
      negligence, or naïveté about the stolen status of the property,
      those mental states are insufficient. This reasoning is consistent
      with the common recognition that penal statutes are to be
      strictly construed.  Thus, courts may not hold that a less
      culpable mental state satisfies a criminal statute where the
      statute demands proof of the more culpable mental state.

Commonwealth v. Newton, 994 A.2d 1127, 1131 (Pa. Super. 2010).

      The Commonwealth correctly notes that the guilty knowledge required

here may be inferred from circumstantial evidence. See Commonwealth’s

Brief for Appellee, at 8; Commonwealth v. Pruitt, 951 A.2d 307, 314 (Pa.

2008); Commonwealth v. Newton, 994 A.2d 1127, 1132 (Pa. Super.

2010). Notably, in Commonwealth v. Williams, 362 A.2d 244 (Pa. 1976),

the Pennsylvania Supreme Court held that “a permissible inference of guilty

knowledge may be drawn from the unexplained possession of recently stolen

goods without infringing on an accused's right of due process or his right

against self-incrimination.” Id. at 248–49 (footnotes omitted).

      Williams involved the defendant’s unexplained possession of a stolen

car just twelve days after its theft.   In reversing this Court’s decision and

reinstating the trial court’s judgment on the conviction of receiving stolen

property, the Williams Court stated: “Circumstantial evidence from which

guilty knowledge can be inferred is sufficient to sustain a conviction if the

underlying circumstantial evidence is sufficiently strong to support the

inference beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id. at 248. Cf. Commonwealth v.

Robinson, 128 A.3d 261 (Pa. Super. 2015) (en banc) (evidence insufficient

to support jury inference that defendant knew or had reason to believe

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handgun was stolen; neither lack of registration nor lack of license to carry

weapon was circumstantial evidence of guilty knowledge since, under

Pennsylvania law, neither is required to own handgun); Commonwealth v.

Foreman, 797 A.2d 1005, 1012 (Pa. Super. 2002) (mere possession of

stolen property is insufficient to prove guilty knowledge; Commonwealth

must introduce other evidence, circumstantial or direct, that demonstrates

defendant   knew   or   had   reason    to   believe   property   was   stolen.”);

Commonwealth v. Matthews, 632 A.2d 570, 571 (Pa. Super. 1993)

(“[T]here   must   be   additional   evidence    [beyond    mere    possession],

circumstantial or direct, which would indicate that the defendant knew or

had reason to know that the property was stolen.”).

     Here, the Commonwealth contends it introduced sufficient evidence to

support an inference that Sherrill in fact knew that the money was stolen.

We agree.

     Sherrill made no inquiry after his sister told him her “friend” would be

depositing significant sums of money into his account. Sherrill knew that his

sister was unemployed at the time. From December 26, 2013 to December

30, 2013, deposits were made into Sherrill’s account, and Sherrill made

withdrawals the same day the deposits were made. This activity supports

the “recency plus lack of explanation” inference.            Williams, supra.

Notwithstanding Sherrill’s claim of naïveté, the trial court, sitting as

factfinder, could properly draw the inference of guilty knowledge from the

circumstantial evidence presented, id., and it was free to conclude that

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Sherrill’s claim of no knowledge was not credible. Brown, supra. Having

reviewed the record, particularly the notes of testimony from the trial,

mindful that we may not re-weigh the evidence and substitute our judgment

for that of the trial court, sitting as fact-finder, and viewing the evidence in

the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as verdict-winner, we agree

with the trial court that the Commonwealth presented sufficient evidence to

support its conclusion that Sherrill knew, or had reason to believe, that the

money he withdrew from his account was probably stolen. Id.

         Next,   Sherrill   claims   that   the   court   erred   in   allowing   the

Commonwealth to introduce into evidence: (1) a letter written by Banks to

the Philadelphia Police Department; and (2) copies of checks deposited into

SD, the federal credit union in Chicago, Illinois. Sherrill claims this evidence

was inadmissible hearsay because: (1) Banks prepared the letter after

conducting an investigation into Sherrill’s account and not in the regular

course of business; and (2) Banks was not the custodian of records for the

Illinois credit union. Thus, Sherrill asserts that the documents could not be

admitted under the business records exception to the hearsay rule.

         Evidentiary rulings are committed to the sound discretion of the trial

court.    This Court will not reverse absent a clear abuse of that discretion.

Commonwealth v. Wood, 637 A.2d 1335 (Pa. Super. 1994). Pennsylvania

Rule of Evidence 801(c) defines hearsay as “a statement that (1) the

declarant does not make while testifying at the current trial or hearing; and

(2) a party offers in evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted.”

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Pa.R.E. 801(c).   Hearsay evidence is inadmissible under Pa.R.E. 802. With

respect to the business records exception, admissibility is governed by the

Uniform Business Records as Evidence Act, 42 Pa.C.S. § 6108. Section 6108

provides, in relevant part:

      A record of an act, condition or event shall, insofar as relevant,
      be competent evidence if the custodian or other qualified witness
      testifies to its identity and the mode of its preparation, and if it
      was made in the regular course of business at or near the time
      of the act, condition or event, and if, in the opinion of the
      tribunal, the sources of information, method and time of
      preparation were such as to justify its admission.

Id.   Pennsylvania Rule of Evidence 803(6) is also applicable to this matter

and provides:

      (6) Records of a Regularly Conducted Activity. A record (which
      includes a memorandum, report, or data compilation in any
      form) of an act, event or condition if,

         (A) the record was made at or near the time by—or from
         information transmitted by—someone with knowledge;

         (B) the record was kept in the course of a regularly
         conducted activity of a “business”, which term includes
         business, institution, association, profession, occupation,
         and calling of every kind, whether or not conducted for
         profit;

         (C) making the record was a regular practice of that
         activity;

         (D) all these conditions are shown by the testimony of the
         custodian or another qualified witness, or by a
         certification that complies with Rule 902(11) or (12) or
         with a statute permitting certification; and

         (E) neither the source of information nor               other
         circumstances indicate a lack of trustworthiness.



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Pa.R.E. 803 (emphasis added).

      Here, the Commonwealth established that Banks was the Custodian of

Records for the AHF credit union, where Sherrill had his account. The

Commonwealth also established that Banks was able to authenticate records

pertaining to his AHF account and, as noted above, AHF and SD participated

in “shared branching.” Banks testified that it was her job to “maintain the

daily record keeping of our member accounts” and that those records were

maintained in the regular course of business. N.T. Trial, 7/9/15, at 19-20.

Banks received records from the representative of the SD credit union in the

course of investigating Sherrill’s account.     She testified that although the

fraudulent checks were deposited into ATMs owned by SD, they were

deposited into Sherrill’s account, which belonged to AFH.            Id. at 33.

Because the “check-kiting” scheme involved multiple transactions in the two

credit unions, but through Sherrill’s one account that was accessible at SD in

Illinois, the trial court properly determined that Banks was qualified to testify

as to these transactions.   See Pa.R.E. 803(6)(D).

      Additionally, in the course of investigating Sherrill’s account, Banks

prepared a letter summarizing the fraudulent transactions with attached

copies of the deposits, which she later forwarded to the Philadelphia Police

Department. Sherrill claims this letter was inadmissible because it was not a

business record and it was prepared in anticipation of litigation. However,

the substance of that letter, a summary of Sherrill’s account and copies of

the   checks   deposited    at   SD,   were,    as   analyzed   above,   properly

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authenticated.   Even if the letter itself were inadmissible, the trial judge,

sitting as factfinder, is presumed to disregard inadmissible evidence. See

Commonwealth v. Harvey, 526 A.2d 330, 333 (Pa. 1987) (where criminal

case is tried before judge sitting without jury, judge is presumed capable of

disregarding inadmissible evidence); Commonwealth v. Smith, 97 A.3d

782, 788 (Pa. Super. 2014).         Accordingly, we find no clear abuse of

discretion. Wood, supra.

      In his final issue, Sherrill claims his conviction of Receiving Stolen

Property was against the weight of the evidence. Where, as here, the judge

who presided at trial ruled on the weight claim below, an appellate court’s

role is not to consider the underlying question of whether the verdict is

against the weight of the evidence. Rather, appellate review is limited to

whether the trial court palpably abused its discretion in ruling on the weight

claim.   See   Commonwealth       v. Morales,    91   A.3d   80   (Pa.   2014);

Commonwealth v. Smith, 97 A.3d 782, 788 (Pa. Super. 2014).

      In the instant case, Sherrill has not demonstrated that the trial court

committed a palpable abuse of discretion by rejecting his request for a new

trial based on the weight of the evidence.      Sherrill simply reiterates the

contention he had made in the court below, and that he repeats in his

sufficiency claim, that he did not know the money he was withdrawing from

his account was stolen. The trial court, properly exercised its discretion in

evaluating the circumstantial evidence presented, properly chose to discredit

Sherrill’s testimony, and properly concluded that the verdict did not shock its

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conscience. See Commonwealth v. Talbert, 129 A.3d 536, 545 (Pa.

Super. 2015) (“The weight of the evidence is exclusively for the finder of

fact, who is free to believe all, none or some of the evidence and to

determine the credibility of the witnesses.”). We find no abuse of discretion.

Morales, supra.

      For the reasons set forth above, we conclude that Sherrill’s claims are

meritless and we affirm the judgment of sentence.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 9/22/2016




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