            If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
                 revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.




                            STATE OF MICHIGAN

                            COURT OF APPEALS



ANGELO AND RICCARDO, INC.,                                         UNPUBLISHED
                                                                   March 12, 2019
               Appellant,

v                                                                  No. 342888
                                                                   Oceana Circuit Court
LIQUOR CONTROL COMMISSION,                                         LC No. 17-012586-AA

               Appellee.


Before: RIORDAN, P.J., and MARKEY and LETICA, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

        Angelo and Riccardo, Inc. (A&R) appeals as of right the circuit court’s order affirming
the decision of the Liquor Control Commission (LCC) denying A&R’s request for declaratory
rulings. We affirm.

        This matter arises from a transfer of liquor-related licenses and permits, governed by the
Michigan Liquor Control Code of 1998, MCL 436.1101 et seq. According to A&R, Shelby State
Bank acquired the subject licenses and permits in approximately 2009 after the previous licensee
went out of business. On July 22, 2011, the licenses were placed in escrow, and the escrow
period was set to expire on April 30, 2017. On April 12, 2017, the LCC granted Shelby State
Bank’s request to extend escrow until April 30, 2018. On July 12, 2017, the LCC transferred the
licenses from Shelby State Bank, located in the village of Shelby, Michigan, to Hesperia House
Restaurant and Lounge, located in the village of Hesperia, Michigan.

        Pursuant to Mich Admin Code, R 436.1971, A&R requested declaratory rulings from the
LCC regarding four questions, each of which challenged the legality of the transfers in an effort
to persuade the LCC to rescind or reverse its prior decisions. The LCC denied A&R’s request,
stating that its April 12, 2017 order extending escrow and July 12, 2017 licensing approval order
considered each of the statutory and administrative rule provisions cited by A&R and were
dispositive as to each question.

        A&R filed a claim of appeal and a complaint seeking declaratory and injunctive relief
with the circuit court. A&R reiterated its arguments set forth in its request for declaratory
rulings before the LCC. A&R alleged that the LCC’s decision to transfer the licenses was
contrary to the applicable administrative and statutory law and, therefore, that the LCC
improperly denied A&R’s request for declaratory rulings.

        The circuit court dismissed A&R’s complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief
because the Court of Claims had exclusive jurisdiction of A&R’s claims pursuant to MCL
600.6419(1)(a). A&R did not appeal this decision. Regarding A&R’s claim of appeal, the
circuit court determined that the LCC’s issuance of a declaratory ruling was a matter of
discretion and that the LCC followed the proper procedure in declining A&R’s request. The
circuit court further determined that the LCC’s denial did not violate the constitution or a statute,
was not arbitrary or capricious, and was not based on a substantial or material error of law.
Accordingly, the circuit court affirmed the LCC’s decision to deny A&R’s request for
declaratory rulings.

      On appeal, A&R argues that the circuit court clearly erred by affirming the LCC’s
unlawful decision. We disagree.

        “This Court reviews a lower court’s review of an administrative decision to determine
whether the lower court applied correct legal principles and whether it misapprehended or
misapplied the substantial evidence test to the agency’s factual findings, which is essentially a
clearly erroneous standard of review.” VanZandt v State Employees’ Retirement Sys, 266 Mich
App 579, 585; 701 NW2d 214 (2005). A finding is clearly erroneous if this Court is left with a
definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made. Id.

        A circuit court reviews a LCC decision pursuant to Const 1963, art 6, § 28 and MCL
24.306. Dignan v Mich Pub Sch Employees Retirement Bd, 253 Mich App 571, 576; 659 NW2d
629 (2002). The judicial review includes, “as a minimum, the determination whether such final
decisions, findings, rulings and orders are authorized by law; and, in cases in which a hearing is
required, whether the same are supported by competent, material and substantial evidence on the
whole record.” Const 1963, art 6, § 28. When no hearing is required, neither this Court nor the
circuit court may review the evidentiary support for the agency’s determination. Wescott v Civil
Serv Comm, 298 Mich App 158, 162; 825 NW2d 674 (2012). Instead, the focus should be on
whether the decision was authorized by law. Id. “Decisions not ‘authorized by law’ include
those that violate a statute or the Constitution, those that are in excess of statutory authority or an
agency’s jurisdiction, those made upon unlawful procedures that result in material prejudice, and
those that are arbitrary and capricious.” Id. See also MCL 24.306(1) (stating categories of
administrative decisions or orders that must be set aside as unlawful).

        The Administrative Procedures Act of 1969, MCL 24.201 et seq., permits an agency to
issue declaratory rulings. Specifically:

               On request of an interested person, an agency may issue a declaratory
       ruling as to the applicability to an actual state of facts of a statute administered by
       the agency or of a rule or order of the agency. An agency shall prescribe by rule
       the form for such a request and procedure for its submission, consideration and
       disposition. A declaratory ruling is binding on the agency and the person
       requesting it unless it is altered or set aside by any court. An agency may not
       retroactively change a declaratory ruling, but nothing in this subsection prevents

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       an agency from prospectively changing a declaratory ruling. A declaratory ruling
       is subject to judicial review in the same manner as an agency final decision or
       order in a contested case. [MCL 24.263.]

The Michigan Administrative Code establishes the procedures for a petitioner to request a
declaratory ruling and for the LCC to issue a declaratory ruling. Mich Admin Code, R 436.1971
provides:

               (1) An interested person, hereinafter called a petitioner, who requests a
       declaratory ruling as to the applicability to an actual state of facts of a statute,
       rule, or order administered, promulgated, or issued by the commission shall do so
       in writing to the Lansing office of the commission.

               (2) The written request shall contain the relevant and material facts, along
       with a reference to the statute, rule, or order applicable.

Within 30 days of receiving such a request, the LCC must notify the petitioner whether it will
issue the requested declaratory ruling. Mich Admin Code, R 436.1973(1). Additionally, “[i]f a
request for a declaratory ruling is denied, the commission shall issue a concise written statement
of its principal reasons for denial within 30 days of the denial.” Mich Admin Code, R 436.1975.

       In this case, the circuit court correctly affirmed the LCC’s decision to deny A&R’s
request for declaratory rulings. The circuit court applied the proper scope of review and
recognized that the LCC had discretion to issue declaratory rulings and was permitted to decline
a request for such a ruling. The circuit court applied the legal principles set forth in Mich Admin
Code, R 436.1971, Mich Admin Code, R 436.1973, and Mich Admin Code, R 436.1975 and
stated that the LCC’s denial of A&R’s request for declaratory rulings did not violate the
Constitution or a statute and did not exceed the LCC’s authority. The circuit court correctly
applied MCL 24.306 when it stated that the LCC’s denial of A&R’s request was not arbitrary
and capricious and was not based on another substantial or material error of law. Therefore, we
conclude that the circuit court applied the correct legal principles and did not commit clear error.
See VanZandt, 266 Mich App at 585; Dignan, 253 Mich App at 576.

        Further, the LCC sufficiently explained its reason for denying A&R’s request for
declaratory rulings. The LCC was required to “issue a concise written statement of its principal
reasons for denial within 30 days of the denial.” Mich Admin Code, R 436.1975. The LCC
stated that it denied A&R’s request as moot given its earlier dispositive orders. The LCC’s
explanation provided a reason for denying A&R’s request and directed the circuit court and this
Court to its relevant and more detailed analysis of the license transfer issues.1 A reasoning mind
would accept the LCC’s statement as a brief explanation of the reasons for its denial of A&R’s
request for declaratory rulings sufficient to aid appellate review. See DeFrain v State Farm Mut
Auto Ins Co, 491 Mich 359, 369; 817 NW2d 504 (2012) (stating that reference to another


1
  That being said, the issue before this Court is whether the LCC properly denied A&R’s request
for declaratory rulings—not the legality of the LCC’s prior orders.


                                                -3-
opinion can satisfy the duty to provide a concise statement of facts and reasons for a decision);
President Inn Props, LLC v Grand Rapids, 291 Mich App 625, 643; 806 NW2d 342 (2011)
(explaining that requirement of statement of facts and conclusions is to aid appellate review).
Additionally, the LCC issued its written statement on September 12, 2017, which was the same
date as the denial of A&R’s request and, therefore, was in accordance with the 30-day issuance
requirement of Mich Admin Code, R 436.1975. Therefore, the circuit court did not clearly err by
affirming the LCC’s decision to deny A&R’s request for declaratory rulings. See VanZandt, 266
Mich App at 585; Dignan, 253 Mich App at 576.

       Affirmed.



                                                           /s/ Michael J. Riordan
                                                           /s/ Jane E. Markey
                                                           /s/ Anica Letica




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