                                                                     FILED
                                                          United States Court of Appeals
                                                                  Tenth Circuit

                                                              December 13, 2007
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                 Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                 Clerk of Court
                                 TENTH CIRCUIT




 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

               Plaintiff - Appellee,                   No. 07-5128
                                                   (N.D. Oklahoma)
          v.                               (D.C. Nos. 06-CV-472-JHP-PJC and
                                                     04-CR-85-JHP)
 CLARENCE LEE DAVIS,

               Defendant - Appellant.


                                        ORDER


Before KELLY, ANDERSON, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.



      Defendant and appellant Clarence Lee Davis, a prisoner appearing pro se,

has applied for a certificate of appealability (“COA”) to pursue arguments in

support of his motion to vacate his sentence under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. The district

court denied his motion and refused to grant Davis a COA. It did, however, grant

Davis the right to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal. Davis accordingly seeks

a COA from this court. We deny his application for a COA and dismiss this

appeal.
                                 BACKGROUND

       Davis was convicted by a jury of, inter alia, conspiracy to commit and

aiding and abetting an armed bank robbery, for which he was sentenced to 360

months’ imprisonment, five years of supervised release, and ordered to pay

restitution. On appeal, this court affirmed both the conviction and sentence.

United States v. Davis, 437 F.3d 989 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 547 U.S. 1122

(2006). The Supreme Court denied certiorari. Davis v. United States, 547 U.S.

1122 (2006).

       In his application for a COA, Davis asserts that he received ineffective

assistance of both trial and appellate counsel, that “mandatory language” in the

United States Sentencing Commission, Guidelines Manual, violated his

constitutional rights, that prosecutorial misconduct deprived him of due process,

and that he should not have been sentenced as a career criminal. Without

granting an evidentiary hearing, the district court denied the § 2255 petition on

the merits, including finding some issues were procedurally barred, and denied a

COA.

                                  DISCUSSION

       Issuance of a COA is jurisdictional. Miller-El v. McDaniel, 537 U.S. 322,

336 (2003). A COA may be issued “only if the applicant has made a substantial

showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). To

make this showing, he must establish that “reasonable jurists could debate

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whether . . . the petition should have been resolved [by the district court] in a

different manner or that the issues presented were adequate to deserve

encouragement to proceed further.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000)

(quotations omitted). If the district court denied the “habeas petition on

procedural grounds without reaching the prisoner’s underlying constitutional

claim,” the prisoner must, in order to obtain a COA, demonstrate “that jurists of

reason could find it debatable whether the petition states a valid claim of the

denial of a constitutional right and that jurists of reason would find it debatable

whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling.” Id. Furthermore,

as the district court explained, a section 2255 petition is not a substitute for an

appeal. Thus, “failure to raise an issue either at trial or on direct appeal imposes

a procedural bar to habeas review.” United States v. Cervini, 379 F.3d 987, 990

(10th Cir. 2004) (quoting United States v. Barajas-Diaz, 313 F.3d 1242, 1245

(10th Cir. 2002)). We review the district court’s factual findings for clear error

and its legal conclusions de novo. English v. Cody, 241 F.3d 1279, 1282 (10th

Cir. 2001).

      We note at the outset that much of Davis’s challenge to his sentence was

addressed on direct appeal, and therefore barred, as are any other arguments

which could have been, but were not, raised. To the extent that Davis seeks to

escape these procedural bars by claiming ineffective assistance of counsel, we




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agree with the district court’s well-reasoned order dated June 14, 2007, which

addresses and rejects each of the arguments advanced by Davis in his petition.

      Having independently reviewed the record and carefully considered Davis’s

brief, and applying the standards set forth above, we DENY Davis’s request for a

COA and DISMISS this appeal.

                                              ENTERED FOR THE COURT




                                              Elisabeth A. Shumaker, Clerk




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