Affirmed and Memorandum Opinion filed June 16, 2015.




                                     In The

                    Fourteenth Court of Appeals

                             NO. 14-14-00273-CV

          AKBAR HOSSAIN AND ALL OCCUPANTS, Appellants
                                       V.

  FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION A/K/A FANNIE
                     MAE, Appellee

            On Appeal from the County Civil Court at Law No. 4
                          Harris County, Texas
                     Trial Court Cause No. 1043008

                MEMORANDUM                     OPINION

      Appellants Akbar Hossain and all other occupants of a residence appeal
from a judgment granting possession of their residence to a foreclosure-sale
purchaser, appellee Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”). In
their sole issue, appellants argue the County Court at Law lacked subject-matter
jurisdiction over Fannie Mae’s forcible detainer suit because the issues of
possession and title were so intertwined that possession could not be adjudicated
without first determining title. We hold the county court did not err because there
was no issue of title so intertwined with immediate possession as to divest the
court of subject-matter jurisdiction. We therefore affirm its judgment.

                                   BACKGROUND

      This appeal stems from a forcible detainer action. Fannie Mae purchased the
property at issue in a non-judicial foreclosure sale.        Fannie Mae then sent
appellants a notice to vacate the premises. When appellants did not surrender
possession, Fannie Mae filed a petition for forcible detainer in the justice court.
Appellants filed an original answer containing a general denial. They also filed a
motion to abate pending resolution of a separate proceeding in state district court in
which appellants alleged wrongful foreclosure, breach of contract, and violations
of the Texas Property Code and Insurance Code.            The justice court granted
possession to Fannie Mae, and appellants appealed that decision to the county
court at law for trial de novo.

      At trial, three exhibits were admitted into evidence. Exhibit one was the
substitute trustee’s deed. It demonstrated that Fannie Mae purchased the property
at the foreclosure sale. The deed of trust was admitted as exhibit two. Section 22
of the deed of trust delineates the terms under which the lender may invoke the
power of sale, and it contains a tenant at sufferance clause. The clause provides:

   If the Property is sold pursuant to this Section 22, Borrower or any person
   holding possession of the Property through Borrower shall immediately
   surrender possession of the Property to the purchaser at that sale. If
   possession is not surrendered, Borrower or such person shall be a tenant at
   sufferance and may be removed by writ of possession or other court
   proceeding.
The third exhibit included (1) a copy of the notice to vacate, and (2) a business
records affidavit declaring that the notice to vacate was sent to appellants via

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certified mail, return receipt requested, and regular mail with postage prepaid. The
court granted possession to Fannie Mae. This appeal followed.

                                     ANALYSIS

      In their sole issue, appellants argue that the county court at law erred in
granting immediate possession to Fannie Mae. Appellants assert that the issue of
possession is intertwined with title such that possession may not be adjudicated
without first determining title.

I.    Standard of review and applicable law
      Whether a court has subject-matter jurisdiction is a question of law reviewed
de novo. Hearts Bluff Game Ranch, Inc. v. State, 381 S.W.3d 468, 476 (Tex.
2012). Jurisdiction to hear a forcible detainer action is vested in the justice court
of the precinct where the property is located and, on appeal, in the county court at
law for trial de novo. See Tex. Prop. Code Ann. § 24.004 (West 2014); Tex. R.
Civ. P. 506.1, 506.3. Notwithstanding the grant of general jurisdiction to a county
court at law, in an appeal of a forcible detainer judgment, the county court is
confined to the jurisdictional limits of the justice court. Salaymeh v. Plaza Centro,
LLC, 264 S.W.3d 431, 435 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2008, no pet.).

      A forcible detainer action addresses only the right to immediate possession
of the property, not the merits of title to the property. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 510.1;
Maxwell v. U.S. Bank Nat’l Ass’n, No. 14–12–00209–CV, 2013 WL 3580621, at
*2 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] July 11, 2013, pet. dism’d w.o.j.) (mem. op.).
Forcible detainer occurs when a person refuses to surrender possession of real
property upon a statutorily sufficient demand for possession if that person is a
tenant at will or by sufferance. Murphy v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., 199
S.W.3d 441, 445 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006, pet. denied); see also Tex.
Prop. Code Ann. § 24.002(a)(2) (West 2014).
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       Justice courts have jurisdiction to hear forcible detainer suits in which the
right to immediate possession does not necessarily require the resolution of a title
dispute.   Salaymeh, 264 S.W.3d at 435.         Justice courts are expressly denied
jurisdiction to determine or adjudicate title to land. Rice v. Pinney, 51 S.W.3d 705,
708 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2001, no pet.); see also Tex. Gov’t Code Ann.
§ 27.031(b)(4) (West 2004). Therefore, plaintiffs in forcible detainer actions must
be able to “show sufficient evidence of ownership to demonstrate a superior right
to immediate possession” without relying on title. Goggins v. Leo, 849 S.W.2d
373, 377 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1993, no writ).

       The mere existence of a title dispute will not deprive the justice court of its
jurisdiction. Rice, 51 S.W.3d at 713.In order to defeat jurisdiction, the title issue
must be “so integrally linked to the issue of possession that possession may not be
determined without first determining title.” Falcon v. Ensignia, 976 S.W.2d 336,
338 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1998, no pet.). Otherwise, title issues must be
brought in a separate suit in a district court, “even if the other action involves
adjudication of matters that could result in a different determination of possession
from the decision rendered in the forcible detainer suit.” Salaymeh, 264 S.W.3d at
436.

       Where there is a basis for determining immediate possession independent
from title, the justice court will have jurisdiction to hear the forcible detainer
action. Rice, 51 S.W.3d at 712. If a deed of trust provides that in the event of
foreclosure, the previous owner will become a tenant at sufferance if he does not
surrender possession, the trial court can resolve possession without resort to title.
Salaymeh, 264 S.W.3d at 436. In such cases, the need to introduce the deed of
trust in order to prove the landlord-tenant relationship does not affect the justice (or
county) court’s jurisdiction because “the validity of the title so developed is not in

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issue.” Haith v. Drake, 596 S.W.2d 194, 197 (Tex. Civ. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]
1980, writ ref’d n.r.e.); see also Acad. Corp. v. Sunwest N.O.P., Inc., 853 S.W.2d
833, 834 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1993, writ denied) (concluding that
proof of landlord-tenant relationship is element of forcible detainer action, not
jurisdictional requirement). The alleged landlord-tenant relationship suffices as a
basis for the forcible detainer action even though the deed of trust may later be set
aside for wrongful foreclosure or other reasons. Villalon v. Bank One, 176 S.W.3d
66, 71 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2004, pet. denied) (citing Dormady v.
Dinero Land & Cattle Co., 61 S.W .3d 555, 559 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2001,
pet. dism’d w.o.j.)).

II.    The trial court did not err in granting possession to Fannie Mae because
       the issue of possession may be determined without first determining
       title.
       In this case, Fannie Mae introduced sufficient evidence to establish a
superior right to possession of the residence without relying upon resolution of the
title issue.      Fannie Mae presented the Substitute Trustee’s Deed showing it
purchased the property at the foreclosure sale, the Deed of Trust containing a
tenant at sufferance clause, the notice to vacate, and the business records affidavit
asserting the notice was sent to appellants. 1

       Appellants assert that Fannie Mae claims its right to possession based on an
“illegal, wrongful” foreclosure sale that was in breach of the parties’ contract and
thus did not pass valid title. In particular, appellants point to the petition in their
district court case, which includes allegations of breach of contract and wrongful
foreclosure. Appellants also contend that that there is no proof of any landlord-
tenant relationship in this case, and that even if there was, the breach of contract

       1
           Appellants do not challenge the sufficiency of the notice.

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and wrongful foreclosure would not allow enforcement of any provision creating
such a relationship because there would have been no actual foreclosure to invoke
the provision.

      Appellants’ arguments fail given the tenancy at sufferance clause contained
in the deed of trust. Although appellants have shown that a title dispute exists,
they have not demonstrated that the dispute is intertwined with the issue of
immediate possession. The issue in forcible detainer suits is not whether a valid
title could pass when a wrongful foreclosure sale occurs. The determination of
wrongful foreclosure is independent of the county court’s determination of
immediate possession in forcible detainer suits. See Villalon, 176 S.W.3d at 71.
Courts of appeals consistently have allowed forcible detainer actions to proceed
based on a tenancy at sufferance clause in a deed of trust without regard to whether
the party seeking possession complied with the terms of the deed of trust. See,
e.g., Dormady, 61 S.W.3d at 557–58; Rice, 51 S.W.3d at 711–12. Challenges to
the validity of the sale thus do not deprive the justice or county courts of
jurisdiction. Elwell v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., 267 S.W.3d 566, 569 (Tex.
App.—Dallas 2008, pet. dism’d w.o.j.); see also Dormady, 61 S.W.3d at 556–58
(addressing deed of trust creating tenancy at sufferance when property “is sold
under this deed,” and concluding dispute whether sale complied with deed of trust
was “of no consequence” to issue of immediate possession); Rice, 51 S.W.3d at
707, 711 (discussing deed of trust creating tenancy at sufferance when property is
“sold under this [deed],” and holding that challenge to validity of foreclosure sale
in district court did not preclude forcible detainer suit in justice court).

      Appellants cite several cases in arguing that the issue of title is inextricably
intertwined with possession. 2 But those cases are distinguishable because none

      2
          Among the cases cited by appellants are Mitchell v. Armstrong Capital Corp., 911
                                             6
issue.” Haith v. Drake, 596 S.W.2d 194, 197 (Tex. Civ. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]
1980, writ ref’d n.r.e.); see also Acad. Corp. v. Sunwest N.O.P., Inc., 853 S.W.2d
833, 834 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1993, writ denied) (concluding that
proof of landlord-tenant relationship is element of forcible detainer action, not
jurisdictional requirement). The alleged landlord-tenant relationship suffices as a
basis for the forcible detainer action even though the deed of trust may later be set
aside for wrongful foreclosure or other reasons. Villalon v. Bank One, 176 S.W.3d
66, 71 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2004, pet. denied) (citing Dormady v.
Dinero Land & Cattle Co., 61 S.W .3d 555, 559 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2001,
pet. dism’d w.o.j.)).

II.    The trial court did not err in granting possession to Fannie Mae because
       the issue of possession may be determined without first determining
       title.
       In this case, Fannie Mae introduced sufficient evidence to establish a
superior right to possession of the residence without relying upon resolution of the
title issue.      Fannie Mae presented the Substitute Trustee’s Deed showing it
purchased the property at the foreclosure sale, the Deed of Trust containing a
tenant at sufferance clause, the notice to vacate, and the business records affidavit
asserting the notice was sent to appellants. 1

       Appellants assert that Fannie Mae claims its right to possession based on an
“illegal, wrongful” foreclosure sale that was in breach of the parties’ contract and
thus did not pass valid title. In particular, appellants point to the petition in their
district court case, which includes allegations of breach of contract and wrongful
foreclosure. Appellants also contend that that there is no proof of any landlord-
tenant relationship in this case, and that even if there was, the breach of contract

       1
           Appellants do not challenge the sufficiency of the notice.

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appellants have not established their right to the relief they seek. We overrule
appellants’ sole issue.

                                     CONCLUSION

      Having overruled appellants’ sole issue, we affirm the judgment of the
county court.


                               /s/           J. Brett Busby
                                             Justice

Panel consists of Justices Jamison, Busby, and Brown.




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