[Cite as Carson v. Carrick, 2019-Ohio-4260.]

                              COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

                             EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

DREW A. CARSON,                                     :

                Plaintiff-Appellant,                 :
                                                               No. 108129
                v.                                   :

KATHLEEN CARRICK, ET AL.,                           :

                Defendants-Appellees.                :


                               JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION

                JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
                RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: October 17, 2019


            Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                                Case No. CV-18-904219


                                               Appearances:

                Drew A. Carson, pro se.

                Stephen G. Thomas Co., L.P.A., and Stephen G. Thomas,
                for appellees.


MARY EILEEN KILBANE, A.J.:

                   Plaintiff-appellant Drew A. Carson (“Carson”) appeals the trial court’s

granting of defendants-appellees Kathleen M. Carrick (“Carrick”) and Stephen G.

Thomas, individually and doing business as Stephen G. Thomas Co., L.P.A.’s
(“Thomas”) motion for judgment on the pleadings pursuant to Civ.R. 12(C). For the

reasons set forth below, we affirm.

                The instant lawsuit relates to a previous legal action (“original

lawsuit”) initiated by Carrick, who was represented by Thomas. In the original

lawsuit, Carrick filed a complaint on April 24, 2015, against Carson alleging legal

malpractice, breach of fiduciary duties, and fraud and conversion.1 At trial, the fraud

and conversion claims were dismissed pursuant to Carson’s request for a directed

verdict. On November 21, 2017, the jury returned a verdict in favor of Carrick on the

remaining two counts and awarded her $62,367.52.

                Neither party filed an appeal. Carrick was unable to collect the jury

award from Carson and applied for compensation from the Ohio Supreme Court’s

Lawyers’ Fund for Client Protection. That application has been dismissed pending

the resolution of the instant appeal.

                On September 2, 2018, Carson filed a complaint against Carrick and

Thomas alleging two causes of action: abuse of process and claim on an account

stated.

                Regarding the abuse-of-process claim, Carson purports that once

Carrick and Thomas realized during the pendency of the original lawsuit that any

potential judgment against Carson was uncollectible, they perjured themselves

during trial.



      1The previous lawsuit was filed with Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas,
Case No. CV-15-844720.
              The alleged perjury stemmed from Carrick’s contractual relationship

with Carson for legal services. Carrick allegedly provided conflicting testimony

regarding whether she and Carson entered a binding agreement. Carrick testified

during her discovery deposition that she engaged Carson to perform legal services

on her behalf and later testified that Carson agreed to provide those services pro

bono.   Based upon the varied testimony, Carson surmised that once Carrick

prevailed on her fraud and conversion causes of action, Carrick would seek

compensation from the Lawyers’ Fund for Client Protection. Carson argues Carrick

and Thomas used Carrick’s false testimony for an improper purpose — to obtain a

judgment on fraud and conversion. Carrick would then seek compensation from the

Lawyers’ Fund for Client Protection based upon that judgment.

              Carrick and Thomas deny any mistruths were presented during

Carrick’s lawsuit against Carson. Alternatively, Carrick and Thomas contend they

have absolute immunity against any falsifications presented during trial.

              Carson’s second cause of action, claim on an account stated, seeks

payment on unpaid legal fees due and owing from Carrick in the amount of $42,335.

The alleged legal services were provided between October 8, 2012, and June 11,

2014.

              In response to Carson’s September 2, 2018 filing of his complaint,

Carrick and Thomas filed an answer on October 23, 2018, and a motion for

judgment on the pleadings on November 7, 2018. The trial court presented a
thorough opinion and order when it granted Carrick and Thomas’s motion for

judgment on the pleadings on December 20, 2018.

              Carson now appeals, assigning the following errors for review:

      Assignment of Error One
      The trial court’s ruling that appellant failed to plead a claim for abuse
      of process was plain error.

      Assignment of Error Two
      [The trial court erred because] [a]ppellant’s claim on an account stated
      was not a compulsory counterclaim in a prior lawsuit brought by
      appellee Kathleen M. Carrick against appellant, [sic] and therefore,
      [sic] contrary to the trial court’s opinion [was] not barred under the
      doctrine of res judicata.

Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings

              In the first assignment of error, Carson argues that the trial court

committed plain error when it dismissed his abuse-of-process claim pursuant to

Carrick and Thomas’s Civ.R. 12(C) motion for judgment on the pleadings.

              Plain error is not the correct standard of review in the case sub judice.

We review an appeal from a Civ.R. 12(C) motion for judgment on the pleadings

under a de novo standard of review. Shingler v. Provider Servs. Holdings, L.L.C.,

8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106383, 2018-Ohio-2740, ¶ 17. A review of a Civ.R. 12(C)

motion for judgment on the pleadings raises only questions of law and may take into

consideration both the complaint and answer. Id. The appropriate test to determine

whether a complaint can be dismissed pursuant to Civ.R. 12(C) is as follows:

      Under Civ.R. 12(C), dismissal is appropriate where a court (1) construes
      the material allegations in the complaint, with all reasonable inferences
      to be drawn therefrom, in favor of the nonmoving party as true, and (2)
      finds beyond doubt, that the plaintiff could prove no set of facts in
      support of his claim that would entitle him to relief.

State ex rel. Midwest Pride IV v. Pontious, 75 Ohio St.3d 565, 570, 664 N.E.2d 931

(1996), citing Lin v. Gatehouse Constr. Co., 84 Ohio App.3d 96, 99, 616 N.E.2d 519

(8th Dist.1992).

              “The tort action termed ‘abuse of process’ has developed for ‘cases in

which legal procedure has been set in motion in proper form, with probable cause,

and even with ultimate success, but nevertheless has been perverted to accomplish

an ulterior purpose for which it was not designed.’” Yaklevich v. Kemp, Schaeffer &

Rowe Co., L.P.A., 68 Ohio St.3d 294, 297, 626 N.E.2d 115 (1994), quoting Keeton,

Dobbs, Keeton & Owen, Prosser and Keeton on the Law of Torts, Section 121, 897

(5th Ed.1984).

              In Yaklevich at paragraph one of the syllabus, the Ohio Supreme

Court identified the elements for an abuse-of-process claim:

      The three elements of the tort of abuse of process are: (1) that a legal
      proceeding has been set in motion in proper form and with probable
      cause; (2) that the proceeding has been perverted to attempt to
      accomplish an ulterior purpose for which it was not designed; and (3)
      that direct damage has resulted from the wrongful use of process.

              “This court has held that ‘the ulterior motive contemplated by an

abuse-of-process claim generally involves an attempt to gain an advantage outside

the proceeding, using the process itself as the threat.’” Barbara Mills v. Westlake,

2016-Ohio-5836, 70 N.E.3d 1189, ¶ 38 (8th Dist.), quoting Sivinski v. Kelley, 8th

Dist. Cuyahoga No. 94296, 2011-Ohio-2145, ¶ 36. Typical examples of an ulterior

motive include “‘extortion of money, prevention of a conveyance, [or] compelling
someone to give up possession of something of value when these things were not the

purpose of the suit.’” Sivinski at ¶ 36, quoting Wolfe v. Little, 2d Dist. Montgomery

No. 18718, 2001 Ohio App. LEXIS 1902, 10 (Apr. 27, 2001).

                 The key factor in an abuse-of-process lawsuit “is whether an improper

purpose was sought to be achieved by the use of a lawfully brought previous action.”

Yaklevich, 68 Ohio St.3d at 300, 626 N.E.2d 115.

                 Construing all material allegations in the complaint and all

reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom in favor of Carson, we find that Carson

can prove no set of facts in support of his abuse-of-process claim that would entitle

him to relief.     Specifically, Carson’s complaint alleges Carrick, with Thomas’s

representation, filed a lawsuit against Carson that was in proper form and presented

probable cause. Carson avers Carrick and Thomas perverted the proceedings in an

attempt to accomplish an ulterior purpose. The proposed ulterior purpose was to

prevail on Carrick’s fraud and conversion claims and, based upon that judgment,

apply to the Lawyers’ Fund for Client Protection. Carson argues this plan by Carrick

and Thomas would allow them to recover any sums awarded at trial that were

uncollectible due to Carson’s diminished financial status.

                 Carson’s argument lacks merit. Carrick’s fraud and conversion claims

were dismissed on a directed verdict. Based upon Carrick’s judgment on the legal

malpractice and breach of fiduciary duty claims — not a judgment on the fraud and

conversion as claimed by Carson — Carrick sought payment from the Lawyers’ Fund

for Client Protection. We find no set of facts support Carson’s argument that Carrick
had an ulterior motive behind her fraud and conversion claims that gave rise to an

abuse-of-process claim.

               Further, the pleadings reflect Carrick and Thomas sought a legitimate

remedy in the original lawsuit — judgment on the pleaded causes of action and a

monetary award. An abuse-of-process claim must fail where a party seeks a legal

remedy that the court is empowered to give.            Sivinski, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga

No. 94296, 2011-Ohio-2145, at ¶ 37.

               Based on the foregoing, the pleadings did not support Carson’s abuse-

of-process claim and the trial court properly granted Carrick and Thomas’s

Civ.R. 12(C) motion for judgment on the pleadings.

               Accordingly, the first assignment of error is overruled.

Compulsory Counterclaim

               In the second assignment of error, Carson argues that the trial court

erred when it found his claim against Carrick on an account stated was a compulsory

counterclaim and, because Carson did not plead the counterclaim in the original

action, it was barred by res judicata.

               Civ.R. 13(A) reads in pertinent part:

      A pleading shall state as a counterclaim any claim which at the time of
      serving the pleading the pleader has against any opposing party, if it
      arises out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of
      the opposing party’s claim and does not require for its adjudication the
      presence of third parties of whom the court cannot acquire jurisdiction.

“‘Compulsory counterclaims under Civ.R. 13(A) must be litigated in the original

action or are forever barred.’” Myocare Nursing Home, Inc. v. Hohmann, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 104290, 2017-Ohio-186, ¶ 7, quoting Huntington Natl. Bank v.

Dixon, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 101273, 2015-Ohio-1735, ¶ 6.

                In Rettig Ents. v. Koehler, 68 Ohio St.3d 274, 277, 626 N.E.2d 99

(1994), the Ohio Supreme Court set forth a two-prong test to establish a compulsory

counterclaim:

      “(1) does the claim exist at the time of serving the pleading * * *; and
      (2) does the claim arise out of the transaction or occurrence that is the
      subject matter of the opposing claim.”

Id., quoting Geauga Truck & Implement Co. v. Juskiewicz, 9 Ohio St.3d 12, 457

N.E.2d 827 (1984).

                Carson acknowledges that his counterclaim for unpaid fees arose out

of the subject matter of Carrick’s claims in the prior lawsuit, thereby satisfying the

second prong of the test. Carson denies the claim existed at the time Carrick filed

the original complaint. Specifically, Carson contends his claim for legal fees did not

exist when Carrick filed her original complaint because (1) Carrick claimed she did

not execute a fee arrangement with Carson, (2) Carrick claimed Carson had stolen

the monies to satisfy his legal fees, and (3) Carrick claimed at trial she received

Carson’s legal fees pro bono.

                Carson’s claim on an account stated seeks legal fees allegedly incurred

between October 8, 2012, and June 11, 2014. The original lawsuit was filed on

April 24, 2015. Hence, Carson’s claim for legal fees existed when the original lawsuit

was filed.
                Carson’s claim on an account stated satisfies the two-prong test

espoused in Rettig Ents., and therefore, represents a compulsory counterclaim that

had to be filed in the original lawsuit.            Res judicata barred Carson from

subsequently filing his claim on an account stated. The trial court correctly granted

Carrick’s Civ.R. 12(C) motion for judgment on the pleadings.2

                Based on the foregoing, the trial court did not err when it determined

Carson’s action on an account stated was a compulsory counterclaim barred by res

judicata and granted Carrick’s Civ.R. 12(C) motion for judgment on the pleadings.

                Accordingly, the second assignment of error is overruled.

                Judgment affirmed.

       It is ordered that appellees recover from appellant costs herein taxed.

       The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment

into execution.




       2 In ruling on Carrick and Thomas’s Civ.R. 12(C) motion, the trial court could
consider the parties’ complaint and answer as well as the attachments to those pleadings.
Shingler, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106383, 2018-Ohio-2740, at ¶ 17; Civ.R. 10(C).
Relevant documents attached to the complaint and answer included (1) Carrick and
Thomas’s complaint filed in the original lawsuit; (2) Carson’s answer to the original
lawsuit; and (3) the judgment entries reflecting the directed verdict, jury verdict, and jury
award in the original lawsuit. Based upon the pleadings in the instant lawsuit and the
above-referenced documents, this case represents a situation where the trial court can
procedurally grant a Civ.R. 12(C) motion for judgment on the pleadings based upon res
judicata. See Hawke, Inc. v. Universal Well Servs., 9th Dist. Summit No. 25056, 2010-
Ohio-4730, ¶ 12; see also Hammerschmidt v. Wyant Woods Care Ctr., 9th Dist. Summit
No. 19779, 2000 Ohio App. LEXIS 6166, 3 (Dec. 27, 2000).
      A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27

of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.


                                 _____
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE

FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., J., and
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR
