                              Fourth Court of Appeals
                                     San Antonio, Texas
                                             OPINION
                                        No. 04-11-00330-CR

                                        The STATE of Texas,
                                             Appellant

                                                   v.

                                      Jose Angel FLORES, Jr.,
                                             Appellee

                    From the County Court at Law No 2, Guadalupe County, Texas
                                   Trial Court No. CCL-10-0869
                              Honorable Frank Follis, Judge Presiding

Opinion by:       Karen Angelini, Justice

Sitting:          Catherine Stone, Chief Justice
                  Karen Angelini, Justice
                  Rebecca Simmons, Justice

Delivered and Filed: December 5, 2012

REVERSED AND REMANDED

           At issue in this appeal is whether the trial court erred in finding that the information

received by the officer at the time of Appellant Jose Angel Flores, Jr.’s arrest was unreliable

pursuant to section 724.012(b)(3)(B) of the Texas Transportation Code. Because we hold the

trial court erred in making such a finding, we reverse the trial court’s order granting Flores’s

motion to suppress and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
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                                         BACKGROUND

       After being charged in county court with driving while intoxicated, Flores filed a motion

to suppress evidence. At the suppression hearing, Deputy Robert Williams, the arresting officer,

was the only witness to testify. Deputy Williams testified that on November 3, 2009, at about

8:00 p.m., he was informed by dispatch that a truck driver had called 911 and reported that

another truck driver, driving a white 18-wheeler semi-cab with a flatbed trailer and Tennessee

plates, was driving recklessly on IH-10. The dispatcher said that the 911 caller had spoken to the

reckless truck driver, who had slurred speech and sounded intoxicated. According to Deputy

Williams, he was told by dispatch that the caller was following the reckless truck driver and that

the caller had his flashing lights on so that the proper authorities could identify the trucks.

Because Deputy Williams was ahead of the trucks, he stopped his patrol car and waited for the

trucks to appear. Deputy Williams testified that when he saw the trucks, he personally observed

traffic violations. The driver of the white 18-wheeler was driving on the improved shoulder.

Deputy Williams also saw the driver of the white 18-wheeler drive between the right lane and the

center lane. Deputy Williams then pulled the white 18-wheeler over. Deputy Williams identified

the driver of the white 18-wheeler as the defendant, Jose Flores.

       Deputy Williams testified that when he came into contact with Flores, he smelled alcohol

and saw that Flores held a beer in his hand. According to Deputy Williams, Flores’s speech was

slurred. Flores refused the field sobriety tests and said that he had had two beers. Deputy

Williams placed Flores under arrest. He asked Flores if he would provide a breath specimen, and

Flores refused. As Deputy Williams was en route to the jail, he called dispatch and asked them to

run a background check on Flores. Deputy Williams testified that dispatch informed him that

Flores had two prior convictions for DWI. Deputy Williams then took Flores to the medical

center so that a mandatory blood sample could be taken from Flores.
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       Deputy Williams testified that when a dispatcher relays information about a suspect’s

criminal history, the dispatcher gets that information from the NCIC/TCIC database. According

to Deputy Williams, the information in the NCIC/TCIC database is very reliable. And, Deputy

Williams testified that the dispatchers, themselves, are credible sources of information.

According to Deputy Williams, anyone who deliberately entered false information into the

NCIC/TCIC database would be committing a crime. However, Deputy Williams admitted that

like any other source of information, the NCIC/TCIC database is not 100 percent accurate

without exception. Deputy Williams also testified that at the time of Flores’s arrest, he believed

the information he received was reliable information from a credible source. He subsequently

learned that Flores did not have two prior convictions for DWI.

       On cross-examination, Deputy Williams admitted that Jose Flores is a common name.

Defense attorney then presented Deputy Williams with a hypothetical:

       Let’s say you stopped somebody for speeding on the side of the road and it turns
       out that dispatch is telling you that and this person has a common name, dispatch
       is telling you this person has a warrant out for them. Is it common law
       enforcement practice to then follow up once that person is brought to the jail to
       verify that that is indeed the right person who is wanted in the arrest warrant?

Deputy Williams replied,

       In my past experience if, like we don’t have a driver’s license number or an I.D.
       number, we can use descriptive information, tattoos, size, build, just other
       information like that as well to investigate what’s going on.

When asked if there was somebody at the jail or at the sheriff’s office who could have printed

out a background criminal check on Flores, Deputy Williams replied that there was someone, but

that it was procedure to go through the dispatchers.

       After hearing the testimony, the trial court granted Flores’s motion to suppress. In

granting the motion, the trial court made the following findings of fact:

   1. Deputy Robert Williams was a certified peace officer on November 3, 2009.
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   2. Deputy Williams was dispatched regarding a reckless driver on Interstate Highway 10 in
      Guadalupe County, Texas.

   3. Deputy Williams initiated a traffic stop on the driver, Jose Angel Flores, Jr., for driving
      on the improved shoulder of the highway and for failing to safely maintain his lane of
      traffic.

   4. Upon making contact with Mr. Flores, Deputy Williams detected a strong smell of
      alcohol from Mr. Flores; he observed Mr. Flores with an open can of beer inside the
      vehicle; and he noticed Mr. Flores had slurred speech.

   5. Deputy Williams arrested Mr. Flores for driving while intoxicated.

   6. Deputy Williams was informed by the Guadalupe County Sheriff’s Office dispatcher that
      Mr. Flores had two previous convictions for driving while intoxicated. Without obtaining
      a search warrant, Deputy Williams executed a mandatory blood draw on Mr. Flores
      pursuant to section 724.012 of the Texas Transportation Code.

   7. Mr. Flores does not have two previous convictions for driving while intoxicated.

   8. Deputy Williams acted in good faith in executing a blood draw on Mr. Flores at the time
      of the arrest.

       The trial court also made the following conclusions of law:

   1. Deputy Williams had reasonable suspicion to detain Mr. Flores for the observed traffic
      violations.

   2. Deputy Williams had probable cause to arrest Mr. Flores for driving while intoxicated.

   3. The State failed to produce evidence that, at the time of the arrest, Mr. Flores had two
      prior convictions for driving while intoxicated as required under section
      724.012(b)(3)(B), and the State failed to produce a search warrant for Mr. Flores’s blood.

   4. The blood evidence obtained from Mr. Flores should be and is hereby suppressed under
      article 38.23 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure.

       After reviewing these findings, we determined that critical findings pursuant to section

724.012(b)(3)(B) were missing. Thus, we remanded this case pursuant to State v. Elias, 339

S.W.3d 667, 676-77 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011), so that the trial court could make the critical

findings. In our order, we explained that section 724.012(b)(3)(B) provides the following:

       (a) A peace officer shall require the taking of a specimen of the person’s breath or blood
           under any of the following circumstances if the officer arrests the person for an
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           offense under Chapter 49, Penal Code, involving the operation of a motor vehicle . . .
           and the person refuses the officer’s request to submit to the taking of a specimen
           voluntarily: . . .

           (3) at the time of the arrest, the officer possesses or receives reliable information
               from a credible source that the person: . . .

               (B) on two or more occasions, has been previously convicted of or placed on
                   community supervision for an offense under Section 49.04 [Driving While
                   Intoxicated] . . . .”

TEX. TRANSP. CODE ANN. §724.012(b)(3)(B) (West 2011) (emphasis added). Thus, we

concluded that under section 724.012(b)(3)(B), critical findings are (1) whether at the time of the

arrest, the officer received reliable information and (2) whether the source of the information

was credible. In looking at the trial court’s findings of fact and conclusions of law, we noted that

although the trial court made a finding that the dispatcher informed Deputy Williams that Mr.

Flores had two previous convictions for driving while intoxicated, the trial court had made no

finding as to whether at the time of the arrest this information was (1) reliable and (2) from a

credible source. On remand, the trial court signed the following findings of fact:

   •   The Guadalupe County Sheriff’s Office dispatcher is a credible source of criminal history
       information.

   •   Deputy Williams did not obtain a warrant issued by a neutral magistrate based on
       probable cause.

   •   In this case the information provided by the Guadalupe Sheriff’s office dispatcher was
       not reliable.

The trial court also signed the following conclusions of law:

   •   In Texas, the good faith exception under article 38.23 of the Texas Code of Criminal
       Procedure applies only to evidence seized under a warrant issued by a neutral magistrate
       based on probable cause.

   •   If the State is allowed to depend on Deputy Williams’s good faith belief that the
       dispatcher’s information was reliable, then section 724.012(b)(3)(B) of the Texas
       Transportation Code is in conflict with article 38.23 of the Texas Code of Criminal
       Procedure.

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       The State then filed this interlocutory appeal of the trial court’s order granting Flores’s

motion to suppress.

                                        MOTION TO SUPPRESS

   A. Standard of Review

       When reviewing a trial court’s ruling on a motion to suppress, we view the evidence in

the light most favorable to the ruling. State v. Robinson, 334 S.W.3d 776, 778 (Tex. Crim. App.

2011). If the trial court, as here, makes findings of fact, we determine whether the evidence

supports those findings. Id. We then review the trial court’s legal rulings de novo unless the

findings are dispositive. Id.

   B. Section 724.012(b)(3)(B) of the Texas Transportation Code

       The implied consent law, as codified in section 724.011 of the Transportation Code,

“expands on the State’s search capabilities by providing a framework for drawing DWI suspects’

blood in the absence of a search warrant.” Beeman v. State, 86 S.W.3d 613, 616 (Tex. Crim.

App. 2002). “It gives officers an additional weapon in their investigative arsenal, enabling them

to draw blood in certain limited circumstances even without a search warrant.” Id. Pursuant to

section 724.011, a person who has been arrested for the offense of operating a motor vehicle

while intoxicated and in a public place is considered to have consented to submit to the taking of

a breath or blood specimen for analysis to determine the alcohol concentration or the presence of

a controlled substance, drug, dangerous drug, or other substance in the person’s body. See TEX.

TRANSP. CODE ANN. § 724.011 (West 2011); Comperry v. State, 375 S.W.3d 508, 512 (Tex.

App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2012, no pet.). The person retains the right, subject to automatic

suspension of his license, to refuse to give a specimen. TEX. TRANSP. CODE ANN. § 724.013

(West 2011). However, if the suspect refuses to provide a specimen voluntarily and the arresting

officer, at the time of the arrest, possesses or receives reliable information from a credible source
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that the person on two or more occasions has been previously convicted of or placed on

community supervision for committing the offense of driving while intoxicated, then the officer

“shall require the taking of a specimen of the person’s breath or blood.” Id. § 724.012(b)(3)(B).

Here, Deputy Williams took Flores to the medical center for a mandatory blood draw pursuant to

section 724.012(b)(3)(B) based on information he received from the dispatcher, who in turn

retrieved the information from the NCIC/TCIC database. After hearing the evidence at the

suppression hearing, the trial court found that the dispatcher was a credible source but that in this

case, the information provided by the dispatcher was not reliable.

   C. Burden of Proof at the Suppression Hearing

       At the suppression hearing, Flores argued that evidence related to the blood draw should

be suppressed pursuant to article 38.23 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure because the

State had violated section 724.012(b)(3)(B). On appeal, the State argues that there is no evidence

to support the trial court’s finding that the information received by Deputy Williams was not

reliable under section 724.012(b)(3)(B). In considering this issue, we must first determine which

party at the suppression hearing had the burden to show that the State violated section

724.012(b)(3)(B).

       In State v. Robinson, 334 S.W.3d 776, 777 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011), the Texas Court of

Criminal Appeals addressed the allocation of the burden of proof in a motion to suppress under

article 38.23. The court held that “the defendant has the initial burden, which shifts to the State

only when the defendant has produced evidence of a statutory violation.” Id.

       In Robinson, the defendant was arrested without a warrant for DWI. Id. He was

transported to a hospital, where he consented to have his blood drawn. Id. When tests showed a

blood alcohol concentration of 0.14%, the defendant filed a motion to suppress the results,

arguing that his blood was drawn without a warrant and without consent, and that it was not
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drawn by a qualified person, as required under section 724.017(a) of the Transportation Code. Id.

at 777-78. The defendant argued that the results should be suppressed under both the Fourth

Amendment and article 38.23. Id. at 778. At the suppression hearing, the trial court told the

defendant that because he had filed the motion, he should proceed first. Id. The State interrupted,

agreeing to stipulate that the arrest was without a warrant and that because of the stipulation, the

State should proceed first. Id. The State then called only one witness, the arresting officer. Id.

The officer testified to the circumstances of the arrest, but could not remember the name of, nor

could he describe, the person who drew the defendant’s blood. Id. Based on the officer’s

testimony, the trial court suppressed the blood evidence, but not on Fourth Amendment grounds.

Id. Instead, the trial court suppressed the evidence based on the fact that the State had not met the

burden to prove that a qualified person performed the blood draw as required by section

724.017(a) of the Transportation Code. Id. The Tenth Court of Appeals affirmed, but Chief

Justice Gray dissented, arguing that the court had erroneously placed the burden of proof on the

State to prove statutory compliance. Id. The State then presented the Texas Court of Criminal

Appeals with the following question:

       At a hearing on a motion to suppress blood evidence, once the defendant
       established that he was arrested for driving while intoxicated without a warrant,
       does the burden of proof shift to the State to prove that the blood draw was taken
       in accordance with statutory requirements?

Id. In its brief to the court of criminal appeals, the State argued that the trial court improperly

shifted the burden of proof on the article 38.23 suppression issue. Id. According to the State,

because the State stipulated only to the fact that the defendant was arrested without a warrant, it

assumed the burden of proof only as to the warrantless arrest. Id. Thus, the State argued that

because the defendant brought the motion to suppress, he retained the burden of proof to

establish that the blood draw was not taken in accordance with statutory requirements. Id.


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        In deciding this issue, the court of criminal appeals noted that “a defendant who moves

for suppression under article 38.23 due to the violation of a statute has the burden of producing

evidence of a statutory violation.” Id. at 779. “Only when this burden is met does the State bear a

burden to prove compliance.” Id. “This procedure is substantially similar to that required when

there is a motion to suppress under the Fourth Amendment, but it is a separate inquiry based on

separate grounds.” Id. The court then noted that in the case before it, the State had stipulated to

the warrantless arrest of the defendant, thereby relieving the defendant from the burden of

rebutting the presumption of proper police conduct in making the arrest. Id. The court of criminal

appeals noted that while the trial court had found no grounds for suppression under the Fourth

Amendment, it had found that the evidence did not prove that the blood sample was drawn by a

qualified person pursuant to section 724.017(a). Id. The court of criminal appeals concluded that

this finding by the trial court was incorrect “because even in the light most favorable to the

ruling,” the defendant “did not produce evidence of a statutory violation.” Id. The court

explained that the officer’s testimony that he did not remember who drew the blood was not

evidence of a statutory violation. Id. The court of criminal appeals emphasized that there was “no

evidence that the person who drew the blood was not qualified.” Id. And, because the defendant

“never produced evidence of a statutory violation, the State never had the burden to prove that

the blood sample was drawn by a qualified person.” Id. Thus, the court concluded that the record

demonstrated that “the trial court erroneously placed the burden of proving statutory compliance

on the State.” Id.

        Judge Cochran joined this majority opinion, but also wrote separately to distinguish the

shifting burdens at a suppression hearing from those shouldered by the proponent of the evidence

at trial. Id. at 779 (Cochran, J., concurring). She explained that in a suppression hearing, the

movant asserts “some sort of illegal conduct, perhaps a violation of the federal constitution or
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perhaps a statutory violation.” Id. “The law starts with the presumption of proper and lawful

conduct.” Id. “For example, it assumes that the police have acted in compliance with all

constitutional and statutory requirements in making an arrest.” Id. “The defendant bears the

burden of producing evidence that shows that an arrest was illegally made, evidence was

illegally obtained, and so forth.” Id. at 779-80. “Once the defendant produces some evidence of

impropriety or illegality, then the burden shifts to the State to rebut that showing.” Id. at 780.

“Normally, the burden of persuasion, as well as production, rests on the movant.” Id. Thus, the

movant must show that the normal and proper procedures were not followed in his case. Id.

“However, with certain constitutional claims, 1 once the movant has produced some evidence to

rebut the presumption of proper police conduct, the prosecution must not only rebut the movant’s

evidence, but shoulder the ultimate burden of persuasion.” Id. Judge Cochran explained that in

the instant case, the defendant could meet his initial burden of showing an illegal arrest under the

Fourth Amendment by producing some evidence (1) that he was arrested, and (2) the police did

not have a warrant. Id. Then, the burden would shift to the State to show either (1) the police did,

in fact, obtain a warrant, or (2) the reasonableness of the warrantless search. Id. Judge Cochran

noted that in the instant case, the State stipulated that this was a warrantless arrest, thus accepting

the burdens of production and proof to show the reasonableness of the arrest. Id.

         In addition to the constitutional claim under the Fourth Amendment, Judge Cochran

explained that the defendant in the instant case had also claimed a statutory violation under the

Transportation Code. Id. That is, the defendant had argued that the person who withdrew his

blood specimen at the hospital was not a qualified technician under section 724.017(a). Id. Thus,

the defendant had the burden to produce some affirmative evidence that the person who

1
  We note that Flores maintains he has not brought any constitutional claims. Flores states that he “never objected to
the admission of the blood evidence on Fourth Amendment grounds.” According to Flores, he sought suppression of
the evidence based only on a violation of state law pursuant to Texas’s exclusionary rule, article 38.23.

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withdrew his blood was not qualified. Id. “If he made a prima facie showing that the person was

not qualified, then the burden would shift to the State to rebut that showing.” Id. Judge Cochran

concluded that because the defendant did not make such a prima facie showing, “the burden

never shifted to the State to rebut a prima facie showing of improper or unlawful conduct

concerning the blood draw in the context of a motion to suppress.” Id. at 782. Judge Cochran

then addressed the defendant’s argument that the State should have the burden to show

compliance with the state statute concerning the blood draw. Judge Cochran explained that the

State would have that burden – at trial. Id. “As the proponent of the evidence at trial, the State

must fulfill all required evidentiary predicates and foundations.” Id. “Thus, at trial, the State will

be required to offer evidence that the blood was drawn by a qualified person before evidence of

the blood, the blood test, and the blood test results are admissible.” Id. “Its burden at trial is to

establish the admissibility of its evidence by a preponderance of the evidence.” Id. However, at a

suppression hearing, “it is the burden of the movant (the person who opposed use of the

evidence) to establish that the evidence should not be admitted because of unlawful conduct.” Id.

       Applying Robinson to our facts, at the suppression hearing, Flores had the burden to

produce some affirmative evidence of a section 724.012(b)(3)(B) violation. That is, Flores had to

make a prima facie showing that at the time of the arrest, Deputy Williams did not receive

reliable information that Flores had been twice convicted of DWI. Only if Flores made this

prima facie showing did the burden shift to the State to rebut that showing. Thus, the issue is

whether Flores made such a prima facie showing.

       Deputy Williams was the only witness to testify at the suppression hearing. As noted,

Deputy Williams testified that while he was on the way to the jail with Flores, he called dispatch

and “asked them to run a background check on that individual.” And, “dispatch came back that

the subject had two prior convictions for DWI.” According to Deputy Williams, the information
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relayed by dispatch came from the NCIC/TCIC database, and the NCIC/TCIC contains reliable

information. Deputy Williams also testified that he later learned that the information from the

NCIC/TCIC database was incorrect. In fact, Flores had not been convicted of DWI on two

previous occasions. Flores contends that Deputy Williams’s testimony that he later discovered

the information to be untrue is prima facie evidence of a section 724.012(b)(3)(B) violation.

According to Flores, “[i]nformation that is false is obviously not reliable.” In contrast, the State

argues that this testimony is not evidence of unreliability because information later determined to

be inaccurate is not necessarily unreliable. We agree with the State that information can turn out

to be false but still be considered reliable.

        The terms “reliable information” and “credible source” are not defined in the

Transportation Code. See Comperry v. State, 375 S.W.3d 508, 514 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th

Dist.] 2012, no pet.). Statutory terms not legislatively defined are generally construed as

common usage allows, but terms that have acquired a known and established legal meaning are

generally construed in their legal sense. Id.; see also Medford v. State, 13 S.W.3d 769, 771-72

(Tex. Crim. App. 2000). In considering this same issue, the Fourteenth Court of Appeals noted

that “reliable” is defined in Black’s Law Dictionary as “trustworthy” and “worthy of

confidence.” Comperry, 375 S.W.3d at 514 (quoting BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 1160 (5th ed.

1979)). The court noted that similarly, “credible” is defined in Black’s Law Dictionary as

“worthy of belief; entitled to credit.” Id. The court also recognized that “reliable” and “credible”

are often paired in the context of evaluating whether probable cause exists to conduct a search

and seizure, or an arrest. Id. at 515. Thus, “[t]aking into account the consistency of the words

‘reliable’ and ‘credible’ as applied in legal contexts, and having reviewed the extensive use of

the words together in the law of search and seizure,” the court “concluded that these words have

specific legal meanings that are closely related and intertwined.” Id. at 516. The court presumed
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“the Legislature also recognized that reliability and credibility are often intertwined in the realm

of criminal law, and so when drafting section 724.012(b)(3) purposely prescribed the

requirement of ‘reliable information from a credible source’ to reflect the commonly understood

use of the words.” Id.

        We agree with the Fourteenth Court of Appeals in its interpretation of “reliable

information from a credible source.” “Reliable information” is information that is trustworthy or

worthy of belief. That does not mean that the information must be infallible. That is, the mere

fact that information about Flores contained within the NCIC/TCIC was later determined to be

inaccurate does not mean that the information was unreliable. In so concluding, we do not mean

to suggest that information contained in the NCIC/TCIC is per se reliable. Instead, a trial court

must make the finding of reliability of the information based on the specific evidence presented.

And, here, there was no evidence that the information received by Deputy Williams was not

reliable at the time of the arrest.

        Flores also claims that he made a prima facie showing that the information was unreliable

because “the officer testified that he simply received information that [Flores] had two prior

driving while intoxicated offenses showing up on his record.” Flores argues that the “State

offered no evidence that the officer had specific information such as when the cases occurred, or

where or when they might have occurred.” And, Flores emphasizes that “the officer agreed that

[Flores] has a common name and could be confused with others with the same name.” Flores

also complains that the officer did not take “further steps” to try to corroborate the information

he received. We disagree with Flores that he made his prima facie showing through Deputy

Williams’s testimony. Section 724.012(b)(3)(B) required Deputy Williams to take a person

arrested for DWI for a mandatory blood draw if, at the time of the arrest, Deputy Williams

received reliable information that the subject had been on two or more occasions previously
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convicted of DWI. See TEX. TRANSP. CODE ANN. § 724.012(b)(3)(B) (West 2011). Deputy

Williams clearly testified that he asked dispatch to run a background check “on that individual,”

i.e. the individual he had in custody. And, he testified that dispatch told him that the subject he

had in custody had two prior convictions for DWI. Further, according to Deputy Williams,

dispatch gets the information from the NCIC/TCIC database, which he has always found to

contain reliable information. The information relayed by dispatch to Deputy Williams was

sufficient information for Deputy Williams to take Flores for a mandatory blood draw pursuant

to section 724.012(b)(3)(B). Deputy Williams was not required to take further steps and conduct

his own investigation into whether the information relayed to him from the NCIC/TCIC database

was in fact accurate. See Comperry, 375 S.W.3d at 517-18. And, the fact that Deputy Williams

did not conduct his own investigation is not affirmative evidence of a section 724.012(b)(3)(B)

violation.

       With regard to Flores having a common name, on cross examination, Deputy Williams

agreed that Flores did have a common name. As explained previously, Deputy Williams was

then asked a hypothetical:

       Q: Let me give you a hypothetical. Let’s – let’s say you stopped somebody for
       speeding on the side of the road and it turns out that dispatch is telling you that
       and this person has a common name, dispatch is telling you this person has a
       warrant out for them. Is it common law enforcement practice to then follow up
       once that person is brought to the jail to verify that that is indeed the right person
       who is wanted in the arrest warrant?

       A: In – in my past experience if, like we don’t have a driver’s license number or
       an I.D. number, we can use descriptive information, tattoos, size, build, just other
       information like that as well to investigate what’s going on.

This testimony by Deputy Williams that Flores has a common name and that if, hypothetically,

police officers do not have a driver’s license number, they can then use other identifying




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information to identify an individual is not evidence that Deputy Williams received unreliable

information at the time of the arrest.

        We, therefore, conclude that at the suppression hearing Flores did not meet his burden of

making a prima facie showing of a statutory violation under section 724.012(b)(3)(B). That is,

Flores did not show that at the time of the arrest, Deputy Williams did not receive reliable

information that Flores had been twice convicted of DWI. Therefore, there is no evidence to

support the trial court’s finding that the information in this case was not reliable pursuant to

section 724.012(b)(3)(B).

                                                CONCLUSION

        Because Flores did not make a prima facie showing of a violation under section

724.012(b)(3)(B), the trial court erred in granting Flores’s motion to suppress. 2 We, therefore,

reverse the trial court’s order and remand the cause for further proceedings consistent with this

opinion.



                                                               Karen Angelini, Justice

Publish




2
  Having concluded that the trial court erred in finding the information was not reliable, we need not address the
other issues brought by the State.

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