 Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),
 this Memorandum Decision shall not be
 regarded as precedent or cited before any
 court except for the purpose of
 establishing the defense of res judicata,
 collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.             Mar 04 2014, 9:52 am




ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                               ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

MICHAEL J. KYLE                                       GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Baldwin Adams & Kamish                                Attorney General of Indiana
Franklin, Indiana
                                                      ANDREW FALK
                                                      Deputy Attorney General
                                                      Indianapolis, Indiana


                               IN THE
                     COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

RANDY L. MADEWELL,                                    )
                                                      )
       Appellant-Defendant,                           )
                                                      )
               vs.                                    )         No. 41A05-1305-CR-254
                                                      )
STATE OF INDIANA,                                     )
                                                      )
       Appellee-Plaintiff.                            )


                     APPEAL FROM THE JOHNSON SUPERIOR COURT
                          The Honorable Lance D. Hamner, Judge
                              Cause No. 41D03-1201-FD-11


                                            March 4, 2014

                 MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

VAIDIK, Chief Judge
                                       Case Summary

       After hailstorms hit central Indiana in May 2011, Randy L. Madewell moved from

Texas to Indiana and started Brown County Roofing out of a friend’s home, claiming to be

“locally owned and operated.” Although Madewell secured contracts and money from six

homeowners, he never replaced their roofs as promised or returned their money. A jury

found him guilty of six counts of home-improvement fraud—three as Class D felonies and

three as Class B misdemeanors. The trial court imposed consecutive sentences on the Class

D felonies totaling six years.

       Madewell contends that the evidence is insufficient to prove that when he entered

into the contracts with the homeowners, he did not intend to replace their roofs or knew

that he would not replace their roofs. He also contends that the trial court erred in imposing

consecutive sentences on the Class D felonies because his crimes arose out of an episode

of criminal conduct. We find the evidence sufficient to prove that Madewell came to

Indiana to make a fast profit and that he did not intend to replace or knew that he would

not replace the homeowners’ roofs when he entered into the contracts. We also find that

the crimes did not arise out of an episode of criminal conduct because they involved

different homeowners on different dates. We therefore affirm the trial court.

                                 Facts and Procedural History

       Indiana had several hailstorms in May 2011. Madewell, a contractor by trade, lived

in Texas, but he knew Johnny Mullens, who lived in Brown County, Indiana. Madewell

contacted Mullens and proposed that they “do the roofing thing.” Tr. p. 12. Mullens told




                                              2
Madewell that he would do whatever he could to help, but he was not going to quit his full-

time job as a gas hauler for Circle K.

       During the first week in June 2011, Madewell arrived at Mullens’ house and moved

in with his family. Madewell brought his truck as well as some office and roofing

equipment. He did not bring a roofing crew with him. Madewell maintained his Texas

driver’s license, registration, and citizenship.

       Within a month, Madewell created Brown County Roofing. Initially, the company

was set up as a sole proprietorship. Madewell used Mullens’ residential address and

personal cell phone on his advertising materials. Id. at 15. He also stated in the materials

that it was “locally owned and operated.” Id.

       Madewell hired Mullens as a salesperson to sign up as many homeowners as he

could to use Brown County Roofing to replace their hail-damaged roofs. Mullens worked

part-time for Madewell from June until the end of August 2011. During this time, Mullens

signed up approximately eight to ten homeowners. Id. at 27-28. However, during this

same time, the company replaced only three roofs, even though it takes only about two

days to replace a roof. Id. at 18-19. Mullens occasionally asked Madewell why he had not

lined up subcontractors to start working on the roofs since he had already secured signed

contracts and money from the homeowners. Id. at 20-21. Madewell, however, always

gave Mullens different excuses. Id. When the business relationship between the two men

soured, Madewell moved out of Mullens’ house in August 2011.




                                               3
       Also in August 2011, Madewell obtained business insurance, organized Brown

County Roofing as a Limited Liability Company (LLC), and obtained an Employer

Identification Number.

       The six homeowners at issue in this case signed contracts with Madewell but never

had their roofs replaced or their money refunded.

       On June 30, 2011, Madewell and Mullens went to the home of Diana Boylls, who

was sixty-six years old at the time of trial in 2013. Madewell told Boylls about possible

hail damage and instructed her to contact her insurance company. Boylls signed a contract

with Brown County Roofing that day. State’s Ex. 6. The following week, an insurance

adjuster, Madewell, and Mullens inspected Boylls’ roof. On July 11, Boylls wrote

Madewell—not Brown County Roofing—a check for $4000 from her personal funds

because she had not received any insurance proceeds. After receiving her insurance

proceeds, on July 19, Boylls again wrote Madewell—not Brown County Roofing—a

second check for $1907. Madewell never returned to Boylls’ home. Boylls eventually had

her roof replaced in the summer of 2012 by another contractor.

       Madewell inspected Mary Ruhana’s roof on July 11, 2011. Ruhana’s husband

signed a contract that same day. State’s Ex. 9. The following day, Mullens and an adjuster

from State Farm inspected Ruhana’s roof. Ruhana wrote Brown County Roofing a check

for $7608.01 on August 4. Madewell met with the State Farm adjuster at Ruhana’s house

again in October. Supplies were never delivered to Ruhana’s house, and no work was

completed. Ruhana eventually had her roof replaced in November 2011 by another

contractor.


                                            4
      Madewell met with sixty-one-year-old Mike Rogina in July 2011 about his roof

damage, and his wife signed a contract on July 11. State’s Ex. 14. Rogina wrote a check

to Brown County Roofing for $7535.56 on July 29. Madewell never performed any work

for Rogina, and in October 2011, Rogina contacted the police.

      Kevin Dunlap received a Brown County Roofing flyer in his mailbox and called

them. On July 22, 2011, Mullens went to Dunlap’s home to assess his hail damage.

Dunlap’s wife signed a contract that day. State’s Ex. 3. When Dunlap’s insurance

company approved the work, Madewell went to Dunlap’s home around August 30. Dunlap

made a down payment of $5328. Madewell told Dunlap that he would start work in about

three weeks, but he never did. Dunlap contacted the police in November 2011. Dunlap

had his roof replaced by another contractor in early 2013.

      Pauline Beuke’s roof was also damaged by hail. Beuke was seventy-nine-years old

at the time of trial in 2013. Like Dunlap, Beuke called Brown County Roofing after

receiving a flyer. On July 22, 2011, Mullens inspected her roof. Beuke signed a contract

that day. State’s Ex. 20. An insurance adjuster came over later to confirm the damage.

On September 20, Beuke met with Madewell and wrote Brown County Roofing a check

for $7000. Madewell never performed any work for Beuke, and another contractor

replaced Beuke’s roof in December 2011.

      Finally, Mullens went to the home of John Boyce on August 2, 2011, and inspected

his roof. Boyce signed a contract that day. State’s Ex. 11. Madewell later met Boyce’s

insurance adjuster at the house. Boyce wrote a check to Brown County Roofing for




                                            5
$4487.59 on August 10. Madewell never performed any work for Boyce. Boyce had his

roof replaced by another contractor in October or November 2011.

      When Boylls wrote her first check to Madewell on July 11, 2011, Madewell had not

yet opened a bank account for his company. So, he went to Boylls’ bank and cashed her

$4000 check. Between July 11 and September 26, 2011, Madewell collected and deposited

nearly $110,000 through Brown County Roofing. From that amount, Madewell purchased

materials for a few projects, but none for any of the six homeowners in this case. Madewell

maintained multiple Brown County Roofing bank accounts, including a checking account

as a sole proprietorship (the “dba account”), which was established on July 19, 2011; a

checking account after Madewell organized his company as an LLC (the “LLC account”),

which was established on August 13; and personal accounts with his bank that were

separate and distinct from his Brown County Roofing business accounts. The dba account

for August 2011 shows a $673.46 purchase at Bass Pro Shop for fishing poles. Madewell

also used the account that month to make purchases at Ralph Lauren (twice), Elder

Beerman, Columbia, Jockey, and several leather stores for motorcycle accessories.

      Madewell made similar purchases using the dba account in September 2011 at

Ralph Lauren, Columbia, Macy’s, Moonshine Leather, Motorcycle Center (twice), and

Target. He also bought a boat, an iPod for his son, and a television for his camper.

Madewell also spent $3064 on a motorcycle for his son that he claimed was to pay back a

loan that was used to start up the company.

      In October 2011, after Madewell had returned to Texas, the LLC account balance

was over $9000. But by the end of the month, the balance had decreased to $500.


                                              6
Madewell made 104 purchases in Texas, and none of them were related to repairing roofs

in Indiana.

       In January 2012, the State charged Madewell with six counts of home-improvement

fraud. Three of the counts were charged as Class D felonies because the consumers were

at least sixty years old (Count 1: Rogina, Count 3: Boylls, and Count 5: Beuke), and the

other three counts were charged as Class B misdemeanors (Count 2: Boyce, Count 4:

Ruhana, and Count 6: Dunlap). Appellant’s App. p. 14-19. A three-day jury trial was held,

and Madewell was found guilty of all six counts. The trial court sentenced Madewell to

730 days (2 years) for each of the Class D felonies (Counts 1, 3, and 5) and 180 days for

each of the Class B misdemeanors (Counts 2, 4, and 6). The court ordered Counts 1, 3,

and 5 to run consecutive to each other and Counts 2, 4, and 6 to run concurrent to each

other and to the other counts, for an aggregate sentence of 2190 days (6 years). The court

also ordered Madewell to pay restitution to each of the homeowners.

       Madewell now appeals.

                                  Discussion and Decision

       Madewell contends that the evidence is insufficient to support his convictions and

that the trial court erred in ordering his sentences for the Class D felonies (Counts 1, 3, and

5) to be served consecutively.

                               I. Sufficiency of the Evidence

       Madewell contends that the evidence is insufficient to support his six convictions

for home-improvement fraud. When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, we neither

reweigh the evidence nor determine the credibility of witnesses. Bailey v. State, 979


                                              7
N.E.2d 133, 135 (Ind. 2012). We look solely to the evidence most favorable to the verdict

together with all reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom. Id. A conviction will be

affirmed if the probative evidence and reasonable inferences to be drawn from the evidence

could have allowed a reasonable trier of fact to find the defendant guilty beyond a

reasonable doubt. Id.

       In order to convict Madewell of Class B misdemeanor home-improvement fraud,

the State had to prove that Madewell entered into a home-improvement contract and

knowingly promised performance, that is, a new roof, that he did not intend to perform or

knew would not be performed. Ind. Code § 35-43-6-12(a)(3); Appellant’s App. p. 15, 17,

19. To establish that it was a Class D felony, the State had to prove that the consumers

were at least sixty years old and the home-improvement contract price was $10,000 or less.

Ind. Code § 35-43-6-13(b)(2); Appellant’s App. p. 14, 16, and 18. The legislature’s goal

in enacting Section 35-43-6-12 was to protect people, and particularly people at least sixty

years of age, from being taken advantage of by people performing or offering to perform

work on their homes. Golladay v. State, 875 N.E.2d 389, 393 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007),

clarified by 880 N.E.2d 336 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008).

       Madewell’s only argument on appeal is that “the State presented no evidence of

Madewell’s intent during the period of July through September when he actually entered

into the contracts.” Appellant’s Br. p. 7. Knowledge and intent are mental states of the

actor; therefore, the trier of fact must resort to reasonable inferences based on an

examination of the surrounding circumstances to reasonably infer their existence. Slone v.

State, 912 N.E.2d 875, 880 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009), trans. denied.


                                             8
       We find that the evidence is sufficient to prove that when Madewell entered into the

home-improvement contracts with each of the six homeowners, Madewell either did not

intend to replace their roofs or knew that he would not replace their roofs. Madewell

moved from Texas to Indiana and created Brown County Roofing. Madewell advertised

as a “locally owned and operated” business but used Mullens’ address and phone number.

Madewell, however, maintained his Texas driver’s license, registration, and citizenship.

He asked that the first payment from Boylls be made out to him—not Brown County

Roofing—and cashed the check before opening a business account. At trial, Madewell was

unable to account for how that first money was used.

       Madewell asked Mullens to line up as many homeowners as he could, but without

any intention of finding subcontractors to perform the actual work. Despite contracting

with at least nine homeowners, only three roofs were installed between June and September

2011. Curiously, one of the roofs Madewell completed, and in a timely manner, was for

an investigator for the Indiana Secretary of State’s office. Tr. p. 333, 348. Madewell

received over $100,000 between June and September 2011, but from that amount he paid

for only a few roofs to be installed. By the end of October, nearly all of the money was

gone. Madewell spent a substantial amount of money on clothes, leather accessories,

fishing equipment, a boat, a motorcycle and accessories, a television, an iPod, and other

personal items.

       From this evidence, the jury could have reasonably inferred that Madewell came to

Indiana to make a fast profit after the May 2011 hailstorms and took advantage of Mullens

and his hospitality by setting up shop in his home and using his address in order to proclaim


                                             9
that his business was “locally owned and operated.”                  Although Madewell collected

$100,000 between June and September 2011, he completed only three roofs and spent no

money toward the roofs of the six homeowner victims here. Instead, he spent money on

personal items. The evidence is sufficient to prove that when Madewell entered into the

home-improvement contracts with each of the six homeowners, Madewell either did not

intend to replace their roofs or knew that he would not replace their roofs.1 Madewell’s

arguments that in August 2011 he obtained business insurance, organized Brown County

Roofing as an LLC, and obtained an Employer Identification Number—notably all of

which occurred approximately two months after he started his company—are merely

requests for us to reweigh the evidence, which we will not do. We therefore affirm

Madewell’s six convictions for home-improvement fraud.

                                     II. Consecutive Sentence

        Madewell contends that the trial court erred in ordering consecutive sentences for

his Class D felonies (Counts 1, 3, and 5) totaling six years. Specifically, he argues that the

trial court’s imposition of consecutive sentences violates Indiana Code section 35-50-1-

2(c), which provides in relevant part:

        [E]xcept for crimes of violence, the total of the consecutive terms of
        imprisonment, exclusive of terms of imprisonment under IC 35-50-2-8 and
        IC 35-50-2-10, to which the defendant is sentenced for felony convictions
        arising out of an episode of criminal conduct shall not exceed the advisory


        1
           Madewell notes that the dates included in the charging informations range from October 9 to
November 14, 2011, which is after Madewell left Indiana. See Appellant’s App. p. 14-19 (charging
informations). However, Madewell does not frame this issue as a fatal variance. Moreover, the law is well
settled that where time is not an element or “of the essence of the offense,” the State need not prove the
precise date alleged in the charging information but may prove that the crime occurred at any time within
the statutory period of limitations. Sangsland v. State, 715 N.E.2d 875, 878 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999), trans.
denied. Here, because time is not an element or “of the essence” of home-improvement fraud, the State
was not limited to proving that the offenses occurred between October 9 and November 14.
                                                   10
       sentence for a felony which is one (1) class of felony higher than the most
       serious of the felonies for which the person has been convicted.

Madewell asserts that his crimes were part of a single episode of criminal conduct, and, as

a result, the trial court erred in imposing consecutive sentences exceeding four years, which

is the advisory sentence for a Class C felony.

       An “episode of criminal conduct” means “offenses or a connected series of offenses

that are closely related in time, place, and circumstance.” Ind. Code § 35-50-1-2(b). In

determining whether offenses are sufficiently related, emphasis has been placed on the

timing of the offenses and whether they were committed simultaneously or

contemporaneously. Gootee v. State, 942 N.E.2d 111, 114 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011), trans.

denied. Additionally, we may consider “whether the conduct is so closely related in time,

place, and circumstance that a complete account of one charge cannot be related without

referring to details of the other charge,” though this consideration is not dispositive. Id.;

see also Reed v. State, 856 N.E.2d 1189, 1200 (Ind. 2006).

       Madewell entered into home-improvement contracts with six different

homeowners—three of them at least sixty years old—for different amounts of money on

multiple dates. Although his crimes were similar—entering into contracts to replace the

homeowners’ roofs, taking their money before performing any work, and then not

replacing their roofs or returning their money—each situation was unique. Madewell

maintained just enough phone contact or occasionally came to their homes to make it seem

like his company would eventually replace their roofs. Because Madewell committed his

crimes at different places, with different people, and on different days, his crimes are not



                                             11
an episode of criminal conduct.2 See Smith v. State, 770 N.E.2d 290, 294 (Ind. 2002)

(finding that the forgeries—which consisted of defendant stealing checks from victim and

then depositing them at different banks in Marion County over the course of one

afternoon—were not an episode of criminal conduct because they occurred “at a separate

time, separate place and for a separate amount money from the other.”). Accordingly, the

trial court did not err in imposing consecutive sentences pursuant to Section 35-50-1-2(c).

        Affirmed.

RILEY, J., and MAY, J., concur.




        2
           Similar to his sufficiency argument, see supra note 1, Madewell’s actual argument on this issue
is that the crimes constitute an episode of criminal conduct because “the State did not charge Madewell
with committing the crimes when the contracts were actually made” and instead relied on only one fact—
depletion of the checking accounts—to prove home-improvement fraud. Appellant’s Br. p. 10. But as we
already explained, because time is not of the essence for home-improvement fraud, the State was not limited
to the dates in the charging information and could rely on the surrounding circumstances.
                                                    12
