       Third District Court of Appeal
                                State of Florida

                          Opinion filed November 9, 2016.
          Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.

                                ________________

                                No. 3D16-1114
                          Lower Tribunal No. 14-15719
                              ________________


                               M.C., the mother,
                                     Appellant,

                                         vs.

                        The Department of Children
                             & Families, et al.,
                                     Appellees.



     An Appeal from the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Maria
Sampedro-Iglesia, Judge.

      Eugene F. Zenobi, Criminal Conflict and Civil Regional Counsel, Third
Region of Florida, and Kevin Coyle Colbert, Assistant Regional Counsel, for
appellant.

      Laura J. Lee (Sanford), Appellate Counsel for the Guardian ad Litem
Program; Karla Perkins, Appellate Counsel for the Department of Children &
Families; Paula Velazquez, Attorney ad Litem for E.C., minor child, for appellees.


Before SHEPHERD, EMAS and FERNANDEZ, JJ.
      SHEPHERD, J.

      This is a child neglect case back before us after our remand in M.C. v.

Department of Children and Families, 186 So. 3d 74 (Fla. 3d DCA 2016) (“M.C.

I”) in which we reversed the trial court’s termination of the mother, M.C.’s,

parental rights as to E.C. and G.C., and directed the court to follow the procedure

set forth in section 39.811 of the Florida Statutes (2015) to determine whether the

evidence adduced at the adjudicatory hearing nevertheless supports a lesser

adjudication of dependency as to either child. The pertinent facts of the case are

copiously presented in our prior opinion. On remand, without considering further

evidence, the trial court adjudicated the children dependent under sections

39.01(41) and 39.01(44) of the Florida Statutes. We affirm the adjudication as to

E.C., but reverse the adjudication as to G.C.

      We begin by noting that the standard of proof in a dependency proceeding is

different from a termination of parental rights proceeding. The quantum of proof

necessary to terminate parental rights is clear and convincing evidence. Petersen v.

Dep’t of Children & Families, 732 So. 2d 374, 376 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999). The

quantum of proof required to declare a child dependent upon the state as to a

particular parent or caregiver is the preponderance of the evidence. Id. In a

dependency case, an appellate court will sustain an adjudication of dependency if

the trial court applied the correct law and the finding is supported by competent



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substantial evidence. M.F. v. Fla. Dep’t of Children & Family Servs., 770 So. 2d

1189, 1192 (Fla. 2000).

      Section 39.01(41) empowers the circuit court to find a child dependent upon

finding of dependency based upon “medical neglect.” Section 39.01(44) more

broadly empowers a court to adjudicate a child dependent upon a finding of

“neglect” alone, specifying that such “neglect” occurs “when a child is . . .

permitted to live in an environment [which] causes the child's physical, mental, or

emotional health to be significantly impaired or to be in danger of being

significantly impaired.” Upon a careful review of the record in this case, we have

no difficulty concluding that there exists competent substantial evidence in the

record to sustain the trial court’s findings that M.C. failed to thoroughly examine

and attend to the non-verbal child, E.C.’s, severe injuries.     This evidence is

sufficient to declare E.C. dependent as to his mother, M.C.

      With regard to G.C., the evidence in the record is scant. G.C. suffers from

clinical depression and attention deficit disorder and exhibits behavioral problems

including hyperactivity, not listening, and sometimes not following directions and

rules. He has run away from home at least twelve times. Two days before the

injury to E.C., a Department of Children and Families Child Protective Investigator

met with G.C., and later G.C. was Baker Acted. He was released to come home on

the morning of the day E.C. suffered his injury. Louis Bernard Antoine, a child



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psychiatrist who attended to G.C. for a period of six months before E.C. was

injured, prescribed Adderall to G.C. in an effort to moderate G.C.’s attention

deficit disorder, and opined that M.C. was “a bit overwhelmed by the situation

because the child was very difficult.” Although M.C. testified that she assured that

G.C. took his medication, the trial court declined to credit her testimony.

However, in our view, none of this evidence, considered either individually or in

combination, is sufficient, to support a dependency adjudication as to G.C. For

this reason, we reverse the adjudication of dependency as to G.C., and remand with

directions to dismiss the petition as to G.C.

      Affirmed in part and reversed and remanded in part.




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