           IN THE MISSOURI COURT OF APPEALS
                   WESTERN DISTRICT
 In Re: LEONTAE C. HILL,          )
                      Petitioner, )
                                  )
 v.                               )           WD81483
                                  )
 JAY CASSADY, in his capacity as )            FILED: January 22, 2019
 Superintendent, JEFFERSON        )
 CITY CORR. CENTER,               )
                    Respondent. )
         Original Proceeding on Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus
                 Before Writ Division: Alok Ahuja, P.J., and
           Lisa White Hardwick, J. and Karen King Mitchell, C.J.
      Leontae Hill filed a petition for an original writ of habeas corpus, asking this

Court to vacate his 2002 convictions and/or sentences for four counts of first-degree

assault of a law enforcement officer, and one count of armed criminal action. In his

habeas petition, Hill contended that his trial counsel was ineffective for

misinforming him that the charges of first-degree assault of a law enforcement

officer did not carry a mandatory minimum prison term prior to parole eligibility,

when the law requires that an offender serve 85% of his or her sentence prior to

becoming parole-eligible. Hill’s petition alleged that, if his counsel had correctly

advised him concerning the 85% minimum term, he would have accepted a plea

offer rather than taking his case to trial, and would have received a lesser sentence.

Hill’s habeas petition also contended that the circuit court sentenced him based on

the false understanding that first-degree assault of a law-enforcement officer was
not subject to an 85% minimum term, and that he is accordingly entitled to be

resentenced.

      After the filing of Hill’s petition and a response from the State, we appointed

a special master to conduct an evidentiary hearing on the claims in Hill’s petition.

Following an evidentiary hearing, the master issued a report recommending that

Hill’s petition be denied. After consideration of supplemental briefing and

argument of the parties, we adopt the special master’s recommendation and deny

Hill’s habeas petition.

                                Factual Background
      In the early morning of January 1, 2000, four Kansas City Police Department

officers drove to 29th Street and Prospect Avenue in Kansas City after hearing

gunshots in the area. When the officers arrived, they saw Leontae Hill and two

other men on the steps of an apartment building, where they had apparently been

attempting to shoot out streetlights. When the officers drove back through the area,

Hill fired an automatic weapon approximately thirty times at the patrol vehicle,

hitting and wounding two of the officers.

      Hill was charged with four counts of assault of a law enforcement officer in

the first degree and four counts of armed criminal action. A jury found him guilty
on all counts. The jury recommended that Hill be sentenced to life imprisonment on

each of the four counts of assault of a law enforcement officer, and to fifteen years’

imprisonment on each of the four counts of armed criminal action.

      The circuit court held a sentencing hearing on February 11, 2002. Prior to

the hearing, a sentencing assessment report was prepared. The report did not

discuss the fact that Hill would be required to serve 85% of any sentence for first-

degree assault of a law enforcement officer.

      The State called three of the four officers who were victims of Hill’s crimes to
testify at the sentencing hearing. Each of the officers asked that Hill be given


                                            2
consecutive life sentences on the four assault counts. One of the officers testified

that, “I don’t believe that [Hill] has any place in our society. . . . I think he needs to

spend the rest of his life in jail.”

       During the sentencing hearing, Hill’s counsel argued that “[w]hat [the State

is] actually asking for is life without parole. Several life sentences run

consecutively is the same thing.”

       In addition to calling three of his own witnesses, Hill made a statement to the

court at the sentencing hearing. Hill stated that “[e]ach day I’m in that cell, looking

out the window, and every time that door shuts I know I’m convicted for a crime I

didn’t commit.” Hill told the court that “[i]t never leaves my mind about how I’m

convicted of a crime that I know, deep down in my heart, that I didn’t commit.” Hill

asked the court to take into account the fact that he was seventeen years old at the

time of the offenses, and twenty at the time of sentencing, and show mercy in its

sentencing decision.

       Prior to announcing Hill’s sentences, the court stated, that “[t]his is probably

one of the most senseless vicious crimes that I have seen in the 25 years that I have

been on the bench.” The court emphasized that “[p]olice are here to protect us and

to keep order and to make society safe,” and that they “lay[ ] their life on the line
every time they go out in their car.” The court stated that “it’s almost impossible for

me to realize why anybody would take a weapon and put 30 shells into a police car

or any car.” The court noted that one of the officer-victims “would have died if the

bullet would have been probably one-fourth of an inch either way,” but that instead

he had suffered virtually complete loss of hearing and other serious injuries. The

court said, “Mr. Hill, it’s hard to feel sympathy or find mercy for somebody that

takes the law into their own hands and just shoots at people. You’re fortunate you

weren’t here for capital murder on four people.”




                                            3
       Consistent with the jury’s recommendations, the court sentenced Hill to life

imprisonment for each count of first-degree assault of a law enforcement officer, and

to 15 years on each count of armed criminal action. The court said, “Mr. Hill, over

the years that I have been on the bench I haven’t made a lot of sentences

consecutive to each other. Counsel, in this case, the sentences will be consecutive to

each other.”

       There was no mention of parole eligibility at any point during Hill’s

sentencing hearing.

       We affirmed Hill’s convictions and sentences on direct appeal. State v. Hill,

No. WD61085, 114 S.W.3d 310 (Mo. App. W.D. 2003) (mem.). Hill then filed a

motion for post-conviction relief, which the circuit court denied. On appeal, we

affirmed the circuit court’s rejection of Hill’s claims that he received ineffective

assistance of counsel at trial. Hill v. State, 181 S.W.3d 611, 618–21 (Mo. App. W.D.

2006). We vacated Hill’s convictions and sentences for three of the four counts of

armed criminal action, however, on double jeopardy grounds. Id. at 615–17. Hill

raised no claim in his direct appeal or post-conviction relief proceeding that his

counsel had misinformed him concerning his eligibility for parole, or that the circuit

court had sentenced him based on a misunderstanding concerning his parole-
eligibility.

       When Hill was first received by the Department of Corrections in 2002, the

Department did not apply any minimum prison term to Hill’s sentences for first-

degree assault of a law enforcement officer. At the evidentiary hearing in this

habeas proceeding, Hill introduced into evidence a Department Face Sheet prepared

in July 2015, which indicated “Percent Required: 0%” on his sentences for each

convictions for first-degree assault of a law enforcement officer. Hill testified at the

evidentiary hearing that he was given a parole hearing in January 2014, and was
scheduled for a further hearing five years later, in 2019.


                                            4
        The Department changed its position concerning Hill’s parole eligibility in

February 2016. At that time, the Department provided Hill a revised Face Sheet,

which indicated that he was required to serve a minimum prison term of 85% of his

sentence for each count of assault of a law enforcement officer in the first degree.

The Department issued the revised Face Sheet based on its determination that

first-degree assault of a law enforcement officer constituted a “dangerous felony”

within the meaning of § 556.061(8), RSMo Cum. Supp. 1999, and that Hill was

therefore required to serve 85% of his sentences on each count of first-degree

assault of a law enforcement officer by operation of § 558.019.3, RSMo Cum. Supp.

1999. The Department informed Hill that his 2019 parole review hearing had been

cancelled, and that he had instead been scheduled for a parole hearing in January

2065.

        On July 25, 2016, Hill filed a petition seeking declaratory relief in the Circuit

Court of Cole County, arguing that the Department of Corrections had erroneously

determined that his assault convictions constituted “dangerous felonies,” and was

therefore erroneously requiring him to serve 85% of his sentences before being

considered for parole. While Hill’s petition was pending, this Court held in Mann v.

McSwain, 526 S.W.3d 287, 290 (Mo. App. W.D. 2017), that first-degree assault of a
law enforcement officer was a “dangerous felony” subject to an 85% minimum term

between 1994 and 2003 (when Hill committed his offenses). Following the decision

in Mann, Hill was granted leave to file an amended petition, in which he reasserted

his claim for declaratory relief, but argued in the alternative that he should be

entitled to habeas corpus relief because both his trial counsel, and the circuit court,

incorrectly understood his parole eligibility at the time of his trial and sentencing.

After briefing, the Circuit Court of Cole County granted the Department of

Corrections’ motion for judgment on the pleadings on the declaratory relief count,
and denied Hill’s alternative petition for habeas corpus relief.


                                            5
       Hill appealed the circuit court’s grant of judgment on the pleadings on his

claim for declaratory relief. In an opinion issued on December 18, 2018, we

affirmed the circuit court’s judgment denying declaratory relief. Hill v. Mo. Dep’t of

Corr., No. WD81448, 2018 WL 6611875 (Mo. App. W.D. 2018). We held that, under

the Mann decision, Hill’s offenses constituted “dangerous felonies” at the time of his

offenses and convictions. We also rejected Hill’s claim that it was fundamentally

unfair to apply Mann’s holding to his case.

       While he was prosecuting his appeal on the declaratory relief claim, Hill also

filed an original Petition for a Writ of Habeas Corpus in this Court.1 Hill’s habeas

petition alleged that his trial counsel was ineffective for misadvising him concerning

his eligibility for parole on the assault charges, which led Hill to forego a plea offer

made by the State. Hill also alleged that the circuit court misunderstood his parole

eligibility at the time of his sentencing. Hill’s petition alleged that he was entitled

to the vacation of his convictions and the opportunity to accept the State’s pre-trial

plea offer, or instead to the vacation of his sentences and an opportunity for

resentencing.

       After receiving a response from the State, we appointed Janette K. Rodecap,

an Associate Circuit Judge in the Circuit Court of Jackson County, to serve as
special master “to conduct an evidentiary hearing to determine if [Hill] has

established grounds to excuse any procedural default, and has established grounds

to vacate his convictions and/or sentences.”2


       1       Hill pursued this bifurcated procedure because “[t]here is no appeal from the
denial of a petition for a writ of habeas corpus.” Blackmon v. Mo. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 97
S.W.3d 458, 458 (Mo. banc 2003). Instead, “[t]he dismissal of a petition for a writ of habeas
corpus can only be pursued by petitioning a superior court for such a writ, not by appeal.”
Bromwell v. Nixon, 361 S.W.3d 393, 396 (Mo. banc 2012). See also, e.g., Ferguson v.
Dormire, 413 S.W.3d 40, 50–51 (Mo. App. W.D. 2013).
       2      We express our appreciation to Judge Rodecap for her exemplary service as
special master in this case.


                                              6
      At the evidentiary hearing on Hill’s petition, his trial counsel Tim Burdick

testified that, at the time of Hill’s trial, Burdick did not believe that first-degree

assault of a law enforcement officer was a “dangerous felony” subject to an 85%

minimum term. Burdick testified that he never told Hill that he was charged with

an 85% crime, or that he would have to serve a specific percentage of his sentence

before he would be parole eligible. Burdick was unsure, however, whether he ever

told Hill that he was not charged with an 85% crime, or whether he specifically told

him there was no mandatory minimum sentence. Burdick also testified that it was

his practice to inform the court at sentencing if the defendant would be required to

serve an 85% mandatory minimum. The record from the trial and sentencing

hearing indicates that no one advised the court that the assault charges were

subject to the 85% rule.

      Burdick also testified that the State had extended a plea offer to dismiss two

counts of assault of a law enforcement officer in the first degree and two counts of

armed criminal action if Hill agreed to plead guilty to the other two counts of

assault of a law enforcement officer in the first degree, and the associated counts of

armed criminal action. Burdick testified that this plea offer did not include any

agreement as to sentencing, and that under the offer the parties would be free to
ask for any authorized sentence.

      Burdick testified that he remembered discussing with Hill the risks and

benefits of pleading guilty versus going to trial. Burdick testified that his advice

whether to plead guilty or not would depend on the strength of the evidence.

Burdick testified that he believed at the time that Hill had a good chance of being

acquitted, because the evidence identifying Hill as the individual who shot into the

police car came from witnesses who had motives to lie.

      The assistant prosecutor who handled Hill’s trial and sentencing, Michael
Hunt, testified at the evidentiary hearing that he was unsure whether he believed


                                            7
that first-degree assault of a law enforcement officer was an 85% crime at the time

of Hill’s prosecution. Hunt testified that he had reviewed his trial file, and that it

did not contain any notes as to any plea offer. He had no memory of making any

plea offer. Hunt testified that this was a very serious case in which Hill had shot at

four police officers, and that it would be very unusual for him to make a plea offer in

a case like this. Hunt testified that he would have spoken to the police officer-

victims before making any plea offer, and that he did not recall having such a

conversation in this case.

       Hill also testified at the evidentiary hearing. He testified that none of his

attorneys ever told him that assault of a law enforcement officer was a dangerous

felony requiring him to serve 85% of any sentence imposed for that offense. Instead,

Hill testified that counsel informed him that he could be considered for parole after

serving approximately one-third of his sentence. Hill recalled discussing a plea

offer with counsel Burdick under which he would plead guilty to two of the counts of

assault of a law enforcement officer and the two associated armed criminal action

charges, in exchange for the State dismissing the remaining four counts. Hill

testified that Burdick never told him that, if he rejected the plea offer and went to

trial, he could effectively be sentenced to life without parole. Hill testified that, if
he had he been told that assault of a law enforcement officer in the first degree was

an 85% crime, he would have accepted the State’s plea offer and entered an open

plea to four of the charges. Hill testified that he first learned that first-degree

assault of a law enforcement officer was an 85% crime in February 2016, when he

received a revised Face Sheet from the Department of Corrections.

       An affidavit from Judge Jack E. Gant, who presided at Hill’s trial and

sentencing, was admitted into evidence at the hearing. In his affidavit Judge Gant

stated that he did not recall whether he knew at the time of Hill’s sentencing that
assault of a law enforcement officer in the first degree was a “dangerous felony” and


                                            8
therefore, that Hill would be required to serve 85% of any sentence for that offense.

Judge Gant’s affidavit stated that his recollection was that, if a crime was subject to

an 85% mandatory minimum term, the Sentencing Assessment Report would have

informed him of that fact, and the attorneys would have done the same. (In this

case, there is no reference either in the Sentencing Assessment Report, or in the

transcript of the sentencing hearing, to the requirement that Hill serve 85% of his

sentence.)

      On July 17, 2018, the special master issued a Report recommending that this

Court deny Hill’s habeas petition. The master found that Hill had demonstrated

“cause” which excused his failure to raise his current claims in his direct appeal and

post-conviction relief proceedings, because neither Hill nor his counsel were aware

that Hill’s sentences would be subject to an 85% minimum term until the

Department of Corrections issued him a revised Face Sheet in February 2016.

      The master concluded, however, that Hill had failed to demonstrate that he

was prejudiced by his failure to raise his claims earlier. With respect to Hill’s

ineffective assistance of counsel claim, the master expressed her doubts that any

firm plea offer was extended to Hill. Even if it was, the master found that, “even if

Mr. Hill had been correctly informed by counsel that first-degree assault of a law
enforcement officer was a dangerous felony for which he would be required to serve

at least 85% of his prison time, it is implausible that Mr. Hill would have accepted a

plea offer under which he still would have risked effective life imprisonment.” In

concluding that there was no reasonable likelihood that Hill would have accepted

any plea offer, the master noted that Hill’s trial counsel believed Hill had a good

chance for acquittal, and that Hill continued to proclaim his innocence even after

being convicted by the jury.

      The master’s report then discussed Hill’s claim that the circuit court
sentenced him based on a materially incorrect understanding of the law. The


                                           9
master found that “[t]here is nothing in the record to support Mr. Hill’s claim that

the judge misunderstood his parole eligibility, or that any misunderstanding caused

the judge to impose a different sentence than he otherwise would have imposed.”

The master found that,

      [a]t sentencing, Judge Gant discussed valid considerations for the
      sentence he imposed, including the fact that the victims were all police
      officers, and that 30 shots were fired into the police car, meaning that
      this could easily have been a capital murder case. . . . [T]he record
      shows that Judge Gant did not rely at all on parole eligibility in
      determining the appropriate sentence. Instead, he imposed the same
      life sentences recommended by the jury, and ran them consecutively,
      presumably to ensure that Mr. Hill spent the rest of his life in prison.
      Hill filed exceptions to the special master’s report. After those exceptions

were overruled by the master, the parties filed supplemental briefs with this Court,

and we heard oral argument.

                                Standard of Review
      In cases in which this Court appoints a master under Rule 68.03, the
      Court will sustain the master's findings and conclusions “unless there
      is no substantial evidence to support them, they are against the weight
      of the evidence, or they erroneously declare or apply the law.” State ex
      rel. Lyons v. Lombardi, 303 S.W.3d 523, 526 (Mo. banc 2010); see also
      Murphy v. Carron, 536 S.W.2d 30, 32 (Mo. banc 1976). The master's
      findings should receive the “weight and deference which would be
      given to a court-tried case by a reviewing court” due to “the master's
      unique ability to view and judge the credibility of witnesses.” State ex
      rel. Woodworth v. Denney, 396 S.W.3d 330, 336–37 (Mo. banc 2013)
      (internal quotations omitted). In light of this deference, “[t]his Court
      should exercise the power to set aside the findings and conclusions [of
      the master] on the ground that they are against the weight of the
      evidence with caution and with a firm belief that the conclusions are
      wrong.” Id. at 337.
State ex rel. Clemons v. Larkins, 475 S.W.3d 60, 75–76 (Mo. banc 2015).

                                       Analysis
      Hill raises two claims in his petition for writ of habeas corpus: (1) that his

trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance by misinforming him regarding his




                                          10
parole eligibility; and (2) that his sentences violated due process, because they were

based on the judge’s mistaken understanding of Hill’s parole eligibility.

      Rule 91.01(b) provides that “[a]ny person restrained of his liberty within this

state may petition for a writ of habeas corpus to inquire into the cause of such

restraint.” A person is entitled to habeas relief if he or she is “restrained of his [or

her] liberty in violation of the constitution or laws of the state or federal

government.” State ex rel. Carr v. Wallace, 527 S.W.3d 55, 59 (Mo. banc 2017)

(quotations, citation, and ellipsis removed). Importantly, “[t]he petitioner bears the

burden of establishing that he or she is entitled to habeas relief.” State ex rel.

Fleming v. Mo. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 515 S.W.3d 224, 229 (Mo. banc 2017) (citing

State ex rel. Nixon v. Jaynes, 73 S.W.3d 623, 624 (Mo. banc 2002)); see also, e.g.,

Clemons, 475 S.W.3d at 76; State ex rel. Woodworth v. Denney, 396 S.W.3d 330, 337

(Mo. banc 2013).

      Hill did not raise either claim which he now asserts in his direct appeal, or in

his motion for post-conviction relief. Generally, habeas relief is not available for

claims that are “procedurally barred”—namely, claims that could have been raised

on direct appeal or post-conviction review, but were not. Clemons, 475 S.W.3d at 76

(citing Woodworth, 396 S.W.3d at 337). Missouri courts excuse claims that are
procedurally barred in three circumstances:

      (1) a claim of actual innocence or (2) a jurisdictional defect or
      (3)(a) that the procedural defect was caused by something external to
      the defense—that is, a cause for which the defense is not responsible—
      and (b) prejudice resulted from the underlying error that worked to the
      petitioner's actual and substantial disadvantage [(the “cause and
      prejudice” standard)].
Id. (quoting State ex rel. Zinna v. Steele, 301 S.W.3d 510, 516–17 (Mo. banc 2010)).

      Hill’s habeas petition alleges that his failure to raise his present claims

earlier is excused, because those claims allege a “jurisdictional defect” in his
sentencing, and because he can demonstrate “cause” for, and “prejudice” flowing


                                           11
from, his procedural default. The State disputes that either of Hill’s claims alleges

a “jurisdictional defect” in the sense that term is understood in the habeas caselaw.

The State also argues that Hill failed to establish either “cause” for his delayed

assertion of his claim, or resulting “prejudice.”

      It is unnecessary for this Court to decide whether Hill has established a

justifiable excuse for his failure to raise his habeas claims in earlier proceedings.

Even if Hill’s procedural default is excused, he must still establish an underlying

claim that his constitutional rights were violated. The three circumstances

excusing a procedural default are merely “gateways,” which permit the

consideration of the petitioner’s underlying claims. “‘[G]ateway’ habeas claims at

best entitle a petitioner ‘to review on the merits of the [petitioner's] otherwise

defaulted constitutional claim[s].’” In re Lincoln v. Cassady, 517 S.W.3d 11, 17 (Mo.

App. W.D. 2016) (quoting State ex rel. Amrine v. Roper, 102 S.W.3d 541, 546 (Mo.

banc 2003)). “Gateway” claims “do not independently support habeas relief, but are

the condition precedent to review of claims of constitutional error that are

procedurally barred.” McKim v. Cassady, 457 S.W.3d 831, 842 n.21 (Mo. App. W.D.

2015) (citation omitted); accord Ferguson v. Dormire, 413 S.W.3d 40, 52–53 (Mo.

App. W.D. 2013) (citation omitted).
      Here, even if his procedural default was excused, the master’s factual

findings establish that Hill failed to prove either of his underlying habeas claims.

We therefore proceed directly to an analysis of Hill’s underlying claims, based on

the assumption that he could establish an excuse for his procedural default. See

Lincoln, 517 S.W.3d at 20.

                                           I.
      Hill’s first claim asserts that his counsel misinformed him that he would not

be subject to a mandatory minimum prison term on any sentence for first-degree
assault of a law-enforcement. Hill’s petition alleged that, if counsel had properly


                                           12
advised him that he would be required to serve 85% of any sentence, he “would have

accepted the State’s plea offer and would be serving lesser overall sentences.”

      The special master’s report expresses doubt that the State extended any pre-

trial plea offer to Hill. The report also notes that Hill’s counsel was unable to

specifically recall whether he informed Hill that he faced no mandatory minimum

term of imprisonment. The master did not expressly find, however, that Hill had

failed to prove that a plea offer had been made, or that he had failed to prove that

his counsel provided incorrect advice concerning his parole eligibility. What the

master did find was that Hill had failed to prove that he would have accepted a plea

offer if he had known that first-degree assault of a law enforcement officer was a

“dangerous felony” subject to the 85% rule. The master’s report explains:

      Mr. Hill argues that if he knew he was facing the possibility of life
      without parole, he would not have risked going to trial, but instead
      would have pled guilty to the State’s offer in the hope that the judge
      would grant him leniency at sentencing. However, the Court finds that
      even if Mr. Hill had been correctly informed by counsel that first-
      degree assault of a law enforcement officer was a dangerous felony for
      which he would be required to serve at least 85% of his prison time, it
      is implausible that Mr. Hill would have accepted a plea offer under
      which he still would have risked effective life imprisonment. If a firm
      plea offer was extended, which the Court doubts, it would have
      required Mr. Hill to plead guilty to two counts of assault of a law
      enforcement officer in the first degree and two counts of armed
      criminal action. The parties were free to argue for any sentence within
      the range of punishment, including up to life imprisonment on each of
      the assault of a law enforcement officer counts and any number of
      years on the armed criminal action counts, and Judge Gant was free to
      impose concurrent or consecutive sentences. Therefore, Mr. Hill risked
      possible consecutive life sentences if he chose to plead guilty, which
      was the same result he faced if he lost at trial. . . .
            Moreover, the Court finds it particularly unlikely that Mr. Hill
      would have chosen to plead guilty instead of going to trial in light of
      Mr. Burdick’s testimony that his advice whether to plead guilty or not
      would depend on the strength of the evidence, and he thought they had
      a good shot at an acquittal. Mr. Hill knew he was guaranteed to serve
      prison time if he pled guilty, whereas he could hope to walk out of jail a
      free man after trial. In addition, Mr. Hill maintained his innocence


                                          13
       even at his sentencing hearing, making it highly unlikely that he
       would have pled guilty to crimes that he continuously denied
       committing.
(Record citations omitted.)

       Even if we assume that the State made a pre-trial plea offer, and that Hill’s

trial counsel provided ineffective assistance by informing Hill that he faced no

mandatory minimum prison term, Hill was still required to show that he relied on

that misinformation in choosing to reject the State’s plea offer. See Webb v. State,

334 S.W.3d 126, 131 (Mo. banc 2011) (post-conviction relief movant claiming similar

misadvice “may be entitled to relief if he proves the facts he has alleged and

establishes that he was prejudiced by relying on misinformation”); Welch v. State,

326 S.W.3d 916, 920 (Mo. App. W.D. 2010) (even assuming counsel incompetently

misadvised defendant concerning parole eligibility, affirming denial of post-

conviction relief where motion court found it “incredible” that defendant would have

proceeded to trial if properly advised); Miller v. State, 260 S.W.3d 393, 396 (Mo.

App. W.D. 2008) (similar).

       Here, the master found Hill would not have pleaded guilty, even if he had

been properly advised concerning his parole eligibility. That finding is fully

supported by the record. Even accepting Hill’s evidence, the State’s pre-trial plea
offer would have allowed the State to argue for any authorized sentence. Even if

Hill had pleaded guilty to only two counts of first-degree assault of a law

enforcement officer, and two counts of armed criminal action, he would have faced

the prospect of receiving multiple sentences of life imprisonment, and of the

sentences running consecutively.3 Pleading guilty to such serious offenses,


       3      At the time of Hill’s crimes, first-degree assault of a law enforcement officer
was a class A felony, § 565.081.2, RSMo 1994, which was subject to punishment by
imprisonment for “not less than ten years and not to exceed thirty years, or life
imprisonment.” § 558.011, RSMo 1994. Armed criminal action was an unclassified felony
which could carry any sentence of three years or more. § 571.015, RSMo 1994.


                                              14
pursuant to an “open” plea offer, would have offered Hill relatively few benefits. In

addition, his counsel believed that Hill faced a good chance of acquittal, and Hill

proclaimed his innocence even at his sentencing hearing. The assessment by Hill

and his counsel of his risk of conviction likewise makes it unlikely that parole

eligibility would have “tipped the balance” and persuaded Hill to accept a plea offer.

      Based on the special master’s factual findings, we deny relief on Hill’s first

habeas claim.

                                           II.
      Hill’s second habeas claim contends that his sentences violated due process,

because Judge Gant sentenced him based on the mistaken belief that first-degree

assault of a law enforcement officer was not an 85% crime.

      “‘A sentence passed on the basis of a materially false foundation lacks due

process of law and entitles the defendant to a reconsideration of the question of

punishment in the light of the true facts, regardless of the eventual outcome.’”

State v. Pierce, 548 S.W.3d 900, 904 (Mo. banc 2018) (quoting Wraggs v. State, 549

S.W.2d 881, 884 (Mo. banc 1977)); see also State v. Perry, 548 S.W.3d 292, 301 (Mo.

banc 2018).

      In order to establish a due-process violation, Hill was first required to prove
that Judge Gant harbored an incorrect understanding of Hill’s parole-eligibility.

But the master’s report found that Hill had failed to satisfy his burden of proof:

“[t]here is nothing in the record to prove that Judge Gant held a mistaken belief as

to Mr. Hill’s parole eligibility.” While Hill argues that it is unrealistic, and unfair,

to expect him to prove what the sentencing judge believed, more than fifteen years

after his criminal sentencing, the law is well-established that the burden is on the

petitioner to prove his entitlement to habeas relief. The judge’s understanding of

Hill’s parole eligibility is plainly a factual issue, on which Hill bore the burden of
proof, and on which the master’s findings are entitled to deference. We also note


                                           15
that it is not self-evident that the sentencing court would have misunderstood Hill’s

parole eligibility. In the Mann case, for example, the prosecution expressly advised

the sentencing court, at approximately the same time as Hill’s sentencing, that

first-degree assault of a law enforcement officer was subject to an 85% minimum

term. See 526 S.W.3d at 293. Without proof that Judge Gant held a contrary

understanding, Hill cannot establish that his sentences violated his due-process

rights.

       Based on the master’s finding that Hill failed to prove that the sentencing

court held an incorrect belief as to his parole eligibility at the time of Hill’s

sentencing, we deny the second claim asserted in Hill’s habeas petition.

                                       Conclusion
       Hill’s petition for a writ of habeas corpus is denied.



                                                 ___________________________________
                                                 Alok Ahuja, Judge
All concur.




                                            16
