                             STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
                           SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                   FILED
In Re: K.G.                                                                     March 16, 2015
                                                                             RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
                                                                           SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
No. 14-1016 (Taylor County 14-JA-12)                                           OF WEST VIRGINIA



                              MEMORANDUM DECISION
        Petitioner Mother, by counsel Dennis Kittle, appeals the Circuit Court of Taylor County’s
September 8, 2014, order terminating her parental rights to one-year-old K.G. The West Virginia
Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel Lee Niezgoda, filed its
response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem (“guardian”), Mary
Nelson, filed a response on behalf of K.G. that supports the circuit court’s order. On appeal,
Petitioner Mother argues that the circuit court erred in terminating her parental rights and
denying her post-termination visitation.

        This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

        In January of 2013, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition against petitioner
alleging that she abused drugs during her pregnancy, abdicated her parental responsibilities,
failed to supply the children with necessary food, clothing, shelter, supervision, medical care, or
education, and that there was domestic violence in the household. Thereafter, the circuit court
granted petitioner an improvement period followed by a three-month extension. In February of
2014, the circuit court terminated petitioner’s parental rights to her older children because she
failed to participate in her improvement period.

        In March of 2014, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition alleging that petitioner’s
parental rights to her older children were involuntarily terminated. The petition further alleged
that petitioner continued to abuse illegal drugs, failed to regularly take K.G. to his pediatrician,
and failed to supply K.G. with age appropriate nutrition. In August of 2014, petitioner admitted
(1) that she was aware that it was inappropriate to feed K.G., then two-months-old, solid foods
but did so anyway, and (2) that she used illegal drugs throughout her pregnancy with K.G.
Accordingly, the circuit court found that petitioner was an abusive and neglectful parent. Further,
the circuit court directed petitioner to participate in random drug testing.

        In July of 2014, the circuit court held an adjudicatory hearing and found that petitioner
failed to submit to eighteen drug tests and further failed to remedy the conditions of abuse and
neglect that led to the prior involuntary termination of her parental rights to her older children.


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Ultimately, the circuit court terminated petitioner’s parental rights to K.G. It is from this order
that petitioner appeals.

       The Court has previously established the following standard of review:

               “Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
       novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
       facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
       evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether
       such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a
       reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when,
       although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire
       evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been
       committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply
       because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if
       the circuit court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record
       viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223,
       470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).

Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011). Upon our review, the Court finds
no error in the circuit court’s termination of petitioner’s parental rights.

        Petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in terminating her parental rights because she
corrected the circumstances that led to the termination of her parental rights to her older children.
We have previously held as follows:

               [w]here there has been a prior involuntary termination of parental rights to
       a sibling, the issue of whether the parent has remedied the problems which led to
       the prior involuntary termination sufficient to parent a subsequently-born child
       must, at minimum, be reviewed by a court, and such review should be initiated on
       a petition pursuant to the provisions governing the procedure in cases of child
       neglect or abuse set forth in West Virginia Code §§ 49–6–1 to –12 (1998).
       Although the requirement that such a petition be filed does not mandate
       termination in all circumstances, the legislature has reduced the minimum
       threshold of evidence necessary for termination where one of the factors outlined
       in West Virginia Code § 49–6–5b(a) (1998) is present.

In re Kyiah P., 213 W.Va. 424, 427, 582 S.E.2d 871, 874 (2003) (quoting Syl. Pt. 2, In the
Matter of George Glen B., 205 W.Va. 435, 518 S.E.2d 863 (1999)). In this matter, the circuit
court clearly met the above requirement to review whether or not petitioner had remedied the
problems that led to the prior involuntary termination of her parental rights.

        Petitioner’s prior involuntary termination was based, in part, upon petitioner’s illegal
drug use during the pregnancy of one of her older children and her failure to participate in an
improvement period. The instant abuse and neglect petition was initiated, in part, upon
petitioner’s continued drug use. The record notes that petitioner admitted to using illegal drugs


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during her the entire term of her pregnancy with K.G. While petitioner attended parenting classes
and participated in supervised visitation during the improvement period, the record also shows
that she failed to submit to eighteen drug tests as directed by the circuit court. Accordingly, the
circuit court did not err in finding that petitioner failed to remedy the underlying conditions of
abuse that led to her prior involuntary termination of parental rights, as her substance abuse
issues persisted throughout the proceedings below.

         Petitioner also argues that the circuit court erred in denying her post-termination
visitation because she has a strong emotional bond with K.G. We have previously stated that

       [w]hen parental rights are terminated due to neglect or abuse, the circuit court
   may nevertheless in appropriate cases consider whether continued visitation or other
   contact with the abusing parent is in the best interest of the child. Among other
   things, the circuit court should consider whether a close emotional bond has been
   established between parent and child and the child’s wishes, if he or she is of
   appropriate maturity to make such request. The evidence must indicate that such
   visitation or continued contact would not be detrimental to the child’s well being and
   would be in the child’s best interest.

Syl. Pt. 5, In re Christina L., 194 W.Va. 446, 460 S.E.2d 692 (1995). In this case, petitioner
admitted to feeding her two-month-old child solid foods and failing to seek regular medical care
for K.G. The record is devoid of any evidence that petitioner and K.G. had an emotional bond.
K.G. was two-months-old when he was removed from petitioner’s care and six-months-old when
petitioner’s parental rights were terminated. “Our cases indicate that a close emotion bond
generally takes several years to develop.” In re Alyssa W., 217 W.Va. 707, 711, 619 S.E.2d 220,
224 (2005). The record also shows that K.G. was in the care of his paternal grandparents during
the underlying proceedings. Petitioner failed to present any evidence that post-termination
visitation would not be detrimental to K.G.

      For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court and its
September 8, 2014, order is hereby affirmed.

                                                                                        Affirmed.

ISSUED: March 16, 2015

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Brent D. Benjamin
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Allen H. Loughry II




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