                               STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
                             SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
In Re: M.K. & C.K.                                                                    FILED
                                                                                   March 16, 2015
                                                                                RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
No. 14-1117 (Wood County 14-JA-36 & 14-JA-37)                                 SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                  OF WEST VIRGINIA

                                MEMORANDUM DECISION
        Petitioner Father, by counsel William Summers, appeals the Circuit Court of Wood
County’s September 30, 2014, order terminating his parental rights to two-year-old M.K. and
five-year-old C.K. The West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”),
by counsel Lee Niezgoda, filed its response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian
ad litem (“guardian”), Lora Snodgrass, filed a response on behalf of the children that supports
the circuit court’s order. On appeal, Petitioner Father argues that the circuit court erred in
proceeding to a dispositional hearing because he was never personally served with a copy of the
abuse and neglect petition.

        This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

        In May of 2014, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition against petitioner alleging
that he was operating a clandestine methamphetamine drug lab in his residence.1 The petition
also alleged that petitioner failed to supply his children with proper nutrition and hygiene.
Several weeks later, the circuit court held a preliminary hearing during which petitioner was
present and represented by counsel.2 In June and July of 2014, the circuit court held adjudicatory
hearings. Petitioner failed to attend both hearings but was represented by counsel. After
considering all of the testimony, the circuit court found that petitioner was an abusive and
neglectful parent. In September of 2014, the circuit court held a dispositional hearing and
terminated petitioner’s parental rights. It is from this order that petitioner appeals.

       The Court has previously established the following standard of review:

              “Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
       novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
       facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
       evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether

       1
         Petitioner was arrested for operating a clandestine methamphetamine drug lab. The
record is devoid of any information concerning any pending charges.
       2
           Petitioner was not served with a copy of the abuse and neglect petition.

                                                   1
       such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a
       reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when,
       although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire
       evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been
       committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply
       because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if
       the circuit court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record
       viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223,
       470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).

Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011).

        On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in proceeding to a dispositional
hearing because the circuit court lacked personal jurisdiction. Specifically, petitioner contends
that he was not personally served with a copy of the petition for abuse and neglect as required by
West Virginia Code § 49-6-1(b). West Virginia Code § 49-6-1(b) reads that

       [t]he petition and notice of the hearing shall be served upon both parents . . . . In
       cases wherein personal service within West Virginia cannot be obtained after due
       diligence upon any parent or other custodian, a copy of the petition and notice of
       the hearing shall be mailed to the person by certified mail, addressee only, return
       receipt requested, to the last known address of such person. If the person signs the
       certificate, service shall be complete and the certificate shall be filed as proof of
       the service with the clerk of the circuit court. If service cannot be obtained by
       personal service or by certified mail, notice shall be by publication as a Class II
       legal advertisement in compliance with the provisions of article three, chapter
       fifty-nine of this code. A notice of hearing shall specify the time and place of the
       hearing, the right to counsel of the child and parents or other custodians at every
       stage of the proceedings and the fact that the proceedings can result in the
       permanent termination of the parental rights. Failure to object to defects in the
       petition and notice shall not be construed as a waiver.

        Upon our review, the Court finds no error in the circuit court proceeding to a
dispositional hearing. “A court acquires personal jurisdiction over a defendant only by service of
its process upon him summoning him to appear, or by his voluntary general appearance in the
absence of service.” Patton v. Eicher, 85 W.Va. 465, 102 S.E. 124, 126 (1920). “A ‘general
appearance’ must be express or arise by implication from the defendant's seeking, taking, or
agreeing to some step or proceeding in the cause beneficial to himself or detrimental to the
plaintiff, other than one contesting the jurisdiction only.” Syl. Pt. 3, Fulton v. Ramsey, 67 W.Va.
321, 68 S.E. 381 (1910). The record reflects that petitioner made a general appearance in the
underlying proceedings. The record is devoid of any evidence that petitioner challenged the lack
of personal service or indicated that he was appearing only for the purpose of contesting
jurisdiction during the preliminary hearing. The record supports that petitioner attended and
waived his right to a preliminary hearing, participated in multidisciplinary team meetings,
attended several visits with his children, and was represented by counsel throughout the
underlying proceedings. Further, during the dispositional hearing, petitioner conceded that did


                                                2
not suffer any prejudice by being subject to the circuit court’s jurisdiction. “[W]hen substantial
rights are not affected, reversal is not appropriate.” Tennant v. Marion Health Care Found., 194
W.Va. 97, 111, 459 S.E.2d 374, 388 (1995). For these reasons, under the limited circumstances
of this case, the Court finds no err in the circuit court’s decision to proceed with petitioner’s
dispositional hearing.

      For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court and its
September 30, 2014, order is hereby affirmed.

                                                                                       Affirmed.

ISSUED: March 16, 2015

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Brent D. Benjamin
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Allen H. Loughry II




                                                3
