Filed 4/17/13 P. v. Coffman CA2/6
                 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.111.5.


             IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                    SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                   DIVISION SIX

THE PEOPLE,                                                                    2d Crim. No. B239789
                                                                            (Super. Ct. No. 2009040732)
    Plaintiff and Respondent,                                                    (Ventura County)
v.
DANIEL COFFMAN,
    Defendant and Appellant.


                   Daniel Coffman appeals his conviction by jury of three counts of grand
theft by false pretenses in which he took cash and used the victim's credit card to make
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unauthorized purchases. (Pen Code, § 487.) Appellant admitted a prior prison term
enhancement (§ 667.5, subd. (b)), was sentenced to five years four months in county
jail (§ 1170, subd. (h)(5)), and ordered to pay $56,052 restitution. We affirm.
                                                          Facts
                   In June 2008, appellant asked Tracy Clark to loan him money to get his
health care business and assets back from his wife. Appellant said that his wife (Judy
Fercioni) had left him and "froze all his money, his bank accounts, [and] everything he
had . . . ." None of it was true. Appellant was single, had no savings or assets, and as
a term of parole, was prohibited from operating a health care business. Based on
appellant's assurances that he was wealthy and would pay her back in 30 days, Clark


1
    All statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise stated.
took out cash advances on her credit card and gave appellant $15,000. Clark later
discovered that appellant used her credit card without her permission to purchase a
laptop and microscope and took cash advances.
              Clark first met appellant in March 2008 at the lavish office of Nu
Science International. Appellant had a lab coat and doctorate certificates on the wall.
He pricked Clark's finger, took a drop of blood, and projected the blood on a large
computer monitor. Appellant said that her blood "was very toxic" and the "cells didn't
move around like they're supposed to . . . ." Appellant told Clark that an "alkalarian
lifestyle" and raw food diet would "clean" her blood and heal "anything wrong with
you."
              Appellant billed Clark $645 and said he would waive the fee if she
referred clients. Appellant bragged that he customarily made $645 an hour, owned a
million dollar house and a time share in Cabo San Lucas, and bought a $260,000 six-
carat wedding ring for his young wife, Judy Fercioni. After Clark visited Nu Science,
appellant called regularly and told her "beautiful stories," sang opera to Clark, and
cried about his mother passing. Appellant said that his first wife left him, took
millions of dollars and his house, and left him with nothing. Appellant told Clark that
he came out to California and earned everything back by selling millions of bottles of
liquid vitamins and his own oxygen inhaler.
              Appellant lived with Fercioni who set up Nu Science for him, paid the
office expenses and appellant's living expenses. Fercioni broke off the relationship
after she found a message on the office computer stating that appellant was looking for
a gay sugar daddy "who can take care of me financially and sexually."
              Appellant called Clark on June 6, 2008 (Clark's birthday), crying about
how Fercioni left him and "froze" all his money and assets. Appellant was hysterical
and said he was about to take "skull cap" pills to end his life. Clark offered to help,
cared for his dogs, and let appellant move in . . . . Appellant asked for money to get
his assets "unfrozen" and get his art work patented so Fercioni did not steal it.



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Appellant said he had $3 million buried in Mexico and would pay Clark back in 30
days.
               In September 2008, appellant said that he lost everything and that
Fercioni got it all. Clark told appellant to move out. In November 2008, Clark spoke
to Fercioni and learned that appellant was on parole and owed Claudette Siah more
than $80,000 restitution. Clark threatened to ask the parole officer for help. Appellant
begged Clark not to go to his parole officer and gave Clark a $50,059 promissory note
for everything he owed.
               Over defense objection, evidence was received that appellant defrauded
three other single women.
Claudette Siah
               Claudette Siah, a secretary at an insurance company, was laid off in 2000
and received a $47,647 retirement savings check that had to be reinvested in 60 days.
Siah met appellant at a BioLink seminar where appellant was selling a health drink.
Appellant said that he was a lawyer, knew about stocks, and would help Siah reinvest
the money. Appellant deposited the retirement savings check in his BioLink account
and spent the money on himself. In September 2001, he told Siah all the money was
lost in the World Trade Center terrorist attack. Appellant was convicted of grand theft
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and ordered to pay $87,247 restitution but never paid Siah anything.
Michele Inouye
               Michele Inouye, a divorcee and real estate agent, met appellant in 2002
at a self-awareness seminar. Appellant claimed that an ex-wife financially destroyed
him and that he was homeless and living in his car. After Inouye let him move into
her Northridge house, appellant said he wanted to start a business and needed a nicer
car. Inouye bought him a Jeep Grand Cherokee for about $7,000 or $8,000.
Appellant said that he needed a microscope to start up the business and would pay her
back after his mother died and he inherited her house. Inouye paid for appellant's gas

2
    We affirmed the conviction in an unpublished opinion. (B186332.)


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and clothes and bought him a $4,000 microscope and computer, but was never paid
back,
                                      Judy Fercioni
              In June 2005, Judy Fercioni was getting a divorce and had a mother who
was dying. Appellant said that he was a naturopathic doctor, had the cure for cancer,
and could cure Fercioni's mother. Appellant told Fercioni that he owned a molecular
biology business and a lighting company, a house in Northridge with an expensive art
collection, a Manhattan Beach estate worth $2.8 million, and a timeshare in Cabo San
Lucas.
              In December 2006, appellant moved into Fercioni's house and used her
Lincoln Navigator to promote his health care business. Fercioni set up Nu Science
International for appellant, furnished the office, paid the office lease, and bought
appellant a $4,000 microscope. Appellant had Fercioni buy a $55,000 six carat
engagement ring and promised to pay her back. After Fercioni found the sugar daddy
message on the office computer, she broke off the relationship. Fercioni testified that
appellant had no assets, that she was not married to appellant, and did not "freeze" any
of appellant's assets.
                             Grand Theft By False Pretense
              The jury was instructed that in order to convict for grand theft by false
pretenses, the prosecution had to prove that (1) appellant made a false pretense or
representation to Clark, (2) with the intent to persuade Clark to let appellant take
possession and ownership of her property, and (3) that Clark, in reliance on the false
pretense or representation, let appellant take possession and ownership of her property.
(§ 487; CALCRIM 1804.) Consistent with section 532, subdivision (b), the trial court
instructed that a false pretense must be accompanied by a false writing, by a note or
memorandum signed by the appellant, or by testimony "from a single witness along
with other evidence [which] supports the conclusion that the defendant made the
pretense. To establish corroboration by multiple witnesses, the witnesses do not have



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to testify to the same false pretense. The requirement is satisfied as long as they testify
to the same scheme or type of false pretense." (CALCRIM 1804.)
                                     Prior Bad Acts
              Appellant argues that the trial court erred in admitting prior bad acts
concerning Siah, Inouye and Fercioni. Although prior bad acts are inadmissible to
prove criminal disposition, they may be admitted to prove a disputed material fact such
as intent, motive, knowledge, common plan or scheme, identity, or the absence of
mistake or accident. (Evid. Code, § 1101, subd. (b): People v. Ewoldt (1994) 7 Cal.4th
380, 402-403.) The trial court also determines whether the probative value of the
evidence outweighs the probability that its admission will a create a substantial danger
of undue prejudice, confuse the issues, or mislead the jury. (Evid. Code, § 352; People
v. Ewoldt, supra, 7 Cal.4th at p. 404.)
              The trial court here found that the prior bad acts evidence was more
probative than prejudicial and would not confuse or mislead the jury. (Evid. Code, §
352; People v. Miller (2000) 81 Cal.App.4th 1427, 1441.) Appellant makes no
showing that the ruling was arbitrary, whimsical, or capricious as a matter of law.
(People v. Linkenauger (1995) 32 Cal.App.4th 1603, 1614.)
              Appellants claims that the prior bad acts are not identical but there are
many similar factors. Clark, like the other victims, was single and was told that
appellant was a professional, owned a health care business, and was selling a health
care product that could cure all ailments. Six years earlier, appellant told Siah that he
was president of BioLink International and that his herbal drink could cure anything
Appellant made a similar pitch to Inouye and Fercioni, posing as a medical
professional who needed money to buy a microscope for his business.
              A "con artist" in need of a microscope is an unusual and distinct ploy.
"[T]he fact that a defendant has made the same or a similar representation to another,
although at a different time and place, is a corroborating circumstance. [Citations.] In
the present case, essentially similar representations were made to each of the women.



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There is not only the similarity in express representations, but in basic approach . . . ."
(People v. Ashley (1954) 42 Cal.2d 246, 268.)
              Appellant argues that the prior bad acts must be "signature-like" but that
is only where the evidence is offered to prove defendant's identity as the perpetrator.
(People v. Ewoldt, supra, 7 Cal.4th at p. 403.) "[E]vidence that the defendant has
committed uncharged criminal acts that are similar to the charged offense may be
relevant if these acts demonstrate circumstantially that the defendant committed the
charged offense pursuant to the same design or plan he or she used in committing the
uncharged acts. Unlike evidence of uncharged acts used to prove identity, the plan
need not be unusual or distinctive; it need only exist to support the inference that the
defendant employed that plan in committing the charged offense. [Citation.]" (Id., at
p. 403.) The least degree of similarity between the uncharged act and the charged
offense is required to prove intent. (Id., at p. 402.)
              Appellant defended on the theory that he had no intent to steal and that
Clark was a spurned lover who teamed up with Fercioni to get revenge and repayment.
The prior bad acts were sufficiently similar to show intent, knowledge, common plan
or design, and to corroborate Clark's testimony that she was conned by appellant. (§
532, subd. (b); People v. Miller, supra, 81 Cal.App.4th at p. 1442 [multiple witnesses
required under section 532, subdivision (b) need not testify to the same instance of
pretense].) "Seldom will evidence of a defendant's prior criminal conduct be ruled
inadmissible when it is the primary basis for establishing a crucial element of the
charged offense." (People v. Garrett (1994) 30 Cal.App.4th 962, 967.)
                                       Parole Status
              Appellant contends that he was denied a fair trial because the jury
received evidence about his parole and parole conditions. Parole status evidence is
generally excluded as propensity evidence but may be admitted to show motive or
intent or to show that the defendant committed criminal acts to evade detection or
punishment for a parole violation. (People v. Fuiava (2012) 53 Cal.4th 622, 667-669;



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see e.g., People v. Durham (1969) 70 Cal.2d 171, 187-189 [parole status evidence
relevant to show motive to kill police officer].)
              That was the case here. In the words of the trial court, "because of the
cross over . . . with the Siah case and this case, . . . [appellant] locked himself into a
situation where all these things became relevant." We concur. Appellant, as a
condition of parole, could not possess a debit card, work in any health care business,
pose as a doctor or work in a doctor's office, or own or be a partner in any health care
venture. Appellant was prohibited from representing himself "beyond any validated
credentials" and had to inform his parole officer "within 72 hours of any change of
employment location, employer, or termination of employment." The parole
conditions were properly admitted to show intent to defraud Clark, the absence of
mistake, and to explain why appellant created Nu Science International as a limited
liability company and listed Fercioni as sole owner and CEO.
                                      Harmless Error
              Assuming, arguendo, that the trial court abused its discretion in
admitting the prior bad acts and parole status evidence, the error was harmless.
(People v. Earp (1999) 20 Cal.4ht 826, 878.) The record shows that the prior bad acts
and parole status evidence was no more inflammatory than the testimony concerning
the charged offenses. (People v. Ewoldt, supra, 7 Cal.4th at p. 405.) It was stipulated
that appellant had been convicted of grand theft and deceptive advertising with regard
to Siah. Clark's testimony was corroborated by the Nu Science bill for the blood
analysis, the Nu Science brochures and photos, the documents incorporating Nu
Science as a "nutritional microscopy, scientific research & development" limited
liability company, and the credit card and bank records.
              The jury was instructed that appellant's parole and prior bad acts were
admitted for the limited purpose of deciding whether appellant acted with the
knowledge and intent to defraud Clark, to show the existence of a plan or scheme, to
determine whether the alleged acts were the result of mistake or accident, and to
corroborate the allegations that the defendant made the alleged false representations.


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(CALCRIM 375.) The jury was also instructed to "consider the similarity or lack of
similarity between the uncharged offenses and/or acts and the charged offenses," and
not to consider the prior bad acts and appellant's parole as propensity evidence.
(CALCRIM 375.) We presume that the jury understood and followed the instructions.
(People v. Fuiava, supra, 53 Cal.4th at p. 669.)
               The evidence was overwhelming. Had the prior bad acts and parole
status evidence been excluded, it is not reasonably probable that appellant would have
obtained a more favorable result. (People v. Welch (1999) 20 Cal.4th 701, 750; People
v. Watson (1956) 46 Cal.2d 818, 836.) Appellant asserts that his due process rights
were violated but the application of ordinary rules of evidence do not impermissibly
infringe on a criminal defendant's constitutional rights. (People v. Kraft (2000) 23
Cal.4th 978, 1035; People v. Lindberg (2008) 45 Cal.4th 1, 26.) Because the trial
court did not abuse its discretion under state law, appellant's claim that the admission
of this evidence violated his constitutional right to a fair trial is without merit. (People
v. Fuiava, supra, 53 Cal.4th at p. 670.)
                        CALCRIM 220 - Reasonable Doubt
               Appellant argues that the trial erred in not modifying the CALCRIM 220
reasonable doubt instruction to say that the jury must be "persuaded to a near
           3
certainty." Our Supreme Court has consistently held that the standard reasonable
double instruction is sufficient and that no further instruction defining reasonable
doubt must be given. (People v. Aranda (2012) 55 Cal.4th 342, 353-354; People v.

3
 Appellant requested that the trial court modify CALCRIM 220 to add the following
language: "In a criminal prosecution, evidence which merely raises a strong suspicion
of a defendant's guilt is not sufficient to support a finding of guilt beyond a reasonable
doubt; suspicion is not evidence, it merely raises a possibility, and this is not a
sufficient basis for an inference of fact. [¶] It is to the evidence introduced in this trial,
and to it alone, that you are to look for proof beyond a reasonable doubt. A reasonable
doubt as to the guilt of the defendant may arise from the evidence, conflict in the
evidence, or the lack of evidence. To justify a criminal conviction, you must be
reasonably persuaded to a near certainty that the defendant is guilty of the crime for
which he is charged." (Italics added.)


                                              8
Freeman (1994) 8 Cal.4th 450, 505 [cautioning against departing from "abiding
conviction" language]; People v. Ramos (2008) 163 Cal.App.4th 1082, 1088; People v.
Campos (2007) 156 Cal.App.4th 1228, 1239.)
              Appellant complains that trial counsel was not permitted to argue that
reasonable doubt means "near certainty." The trial court ruled that a "near certainty"
argument was not a accurate statement of the law and "would be misleading and/or
confusing to the jury. . . ." We reject the argument that the ruling undermined
appellant's right to effective assistance of counsel and a fair trial. Although defense
counsel has wide latitude in final argument, there is no constitutional right to misstate
the law or argue points of law that confuse the jury, "stray unduly from the mark," or
impede the orderly conduct of the trial. (Herring v. New York (1975) 422 U.S. 853,
862 [45 L.Ed.2d 593, 600]; People v. Marshall (1996) 13 Cal.4th 799, 854-855.)
              The jury was instructed that "[p]roof beyond a reasonable doubt is proof
that leaves you with an abiding conviction that the charge is true." (CALCRIM 220.)
Appellant's assertion that "near certainty" better defines reasonable doubt is mere
semantics. (See e.g., People v. Zepeda (2008) 167 Cal.App.4th 25, 31.) Defense
counsel argued at length that there was reasonable doubt about whether appellant
intended to defraud Clark. Given the overwhelming evidence of guilt, it is
inconceivable that the jury would have reached a more favorable result had counsel
been permitted to argue that reasonable doubt means near certainty.
                                        Conclusion.
              Appellant's remaining arguments have been considered and merit no
                   4
further discussion. Appellant claims that the cumulative effect of the alleged errors
denied him a fair trial. As our Supreme Court has stated on several occasions, " ' " 'a
defendant is entitled to a fair trial but not a perfect one.' " ' " (People v. Marshall


4
 In his opening brief, appellant claims that he was erroneously sentenced to state
prison and subject to a one year prison prior enhancement. (§ 667.5, subd. (b).)
Appellant has withdrawn those issues.


                                              9
(1990) 50 Cal.3d 907, 945.) Our review of the record discloses that none of the
purported errors, either singularly or cumulatively, denied appellant a fair trial.
(People v. Jenkins (2000) 22 Cal.4th 900, 1056.)
              The judgment is affirmed.
              NOT TO BE PUBLISHED.


                                                          YEGAN, J.

We concur:


              GILBERT, P.J.


              PERREN, J.




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                                 Brian J. Black, Judge

                           Superior Court County of Ventura

                        ______________________________


             Mark D. Lenenberg, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for
Defendant and Appellant.


             Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant
Attorney General, Lance E. Winters, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Steven D.
Matthews, Supervising Deputy Attorney General, Timothy M. Weiner, Deputy
Attorney General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.


             Gregory D. Totten, District Attorney, County of Ventura, Howard A.
Wise, Senior Deputy District Attorney, Amicus Curiae, for Respondent.




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