                               COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


Present: Judges Annunziata, Frank and McClanahan
Argued at Chesapeake, Virginia


DORIS M. ADDENBROOK, INDIVIDUALLY
AND AS EXECUTRIX OF THE ESTATE OF
J. ROBERT ADDENBROOK AND AS TRUSTEE
OF THE J. ROBERT ADDENBROOK AND
DORIS M. ADDENBROOK REVOCABLE
LIVING TRUST
                                                              MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY
v.     Record No. 2612-03-1                                 JUDGE ROSEMARIE ANNUNZIATA
                                                                    MAY 11, 2004
JANE FURNALD ADDENBROOK


               FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF VIRGINIA BEACH
                                Alan E. Rosenblatt, Judge

                 Herbert W. Titus (Troy A. Titus; Titus Law Group, on briefs), for
                 appellants.

                 Barry Dorans (Wolcott Rivers, P.C., on brief), for appellee.


       This appeal arises from a dispute between Doris Addenbrook (Doris) and Jane

Addenbrook (Jane) regarding the construction of an agreement to pay spousal support

incorporated into a 1977 decree granting a divorce to J. Robert Addenbrook (Robert) from Jane,

Robert’s first wife. Doris, Robert’s second wife, filed a bill of complaint asking the trial court to

declare that the 1977 decree established a court-ordered spousal support obligation which

terminates on Robert’s death, and not a contractual obligation “in lieu of” spousal support which

survives his death. The trial court sustained Jane’s demurrer to Doris’s bill of complaint, a ruling

Doris challenges as erroneous on appeal. We affirm because we find that Doris’s appeal is

procedurally defaulted.

       *
           Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
                                            I. Background

        The facts underlying this appeal are not in contention. On November 9, 2001, Robert, a

resident of the City of Virginia Beach, died testate, naming Doris as executrix of his last will and

testament.

        Before his marriage to Doris, Robert was married to Jane, from whom he was divorced

by final decree of the Circuit Court of the City of Virginia Beach in 1977. In the 1977 decree,

the court “approved, ratified and confirmed” a stipulation between the parties, the pertinent

portion of which reads as follows: “[T]hat [Robert] will pay [Jane] the sum of $125 per week in

lieu of alimony so that there will be no tax liability on her part, until she dies or remarries; and

that this is not an item that is adjustable. It is by contract.”

        Incorporating the stipulation, the 1977 divorce decree ordered Robert

                to pay [Jane] the sum of $125 weekly in lieu of spousal support as
                agreed, which shall survive the death of plaintiff, said sum to
                continue beyond the death of [Robert] as a contractual obligation;
                however, said spousal support as agreed shall terminate upon
                marriage or death of the defendant, [Jane].

        Subsequently, the circuit court, by consent order dated October 15, 1991, modified the

1977 divorce decree, adjusting the monthly “in lieu of spousal support” payment from $125 per

week to $541.66 per month. The 1991 decree referred to the monthly payments as “payments ‘in

lieu of spousal support.’” The decree stated its intention was “to modify the Divorce Decree,

which called for payments to be made at the rate of $125.00 per week.”

        From 1991 until Robert’s death, Jane received monthly payments of $541.66 as ordered

by the 1991 decree. After his death, Doris, as executrix of Robert’s estate, ceased such

payments.

        Doris filed a bill of complaint on May 13, 2002, seeking a declaratory judgment that the

monthly payment obligation constituted court-ordered spousal support that ceased upon Robert’s

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death. In a second amended complaint, Doris specifically alleged that “the October 15, 1991

order . . . modifying the March 28, 1977 order, in legal effect, transformed that part of said

March 28, 1977, order which approved, ratified and confirmed that [Robert] was to pay a

specified weekly amount ‘in lieu of alimony . . . as a contractual obligation’ to a court order to

pay $541.66 per month as spousal support.” She further alleged that, because the October 15,

1991 decree did not provide or did not otherwise indicate that the monthly support payments

were to continue after Robert’s death, Jane had no right to receive monthly payments from

Robert’s estate.

       Jane’s demurrer to the claim for declaratory relief was sustained. The court granted relief

on Jane’s cross-claim seeking payments from the estate and ordered Doris to resume the $541.66

monthly payments.

       On appeal, Doris contends the court erred in sustaining the demurrer because the trial

court did not consider an ambiguity in the 1977 decree. Because Doris did not present this

argument to the trial court, we find that her appeal is barred by Rule 5A:18.

                                             II. Analysis

       Doris first argues that the 1977 decree requiring Robert to pay Jane $125 per week is

ambiguous as to whether the obligation was contractual or court-ordered spousal support. She

further contends that the 1991 decree resolved this ambiguity in her favor because it modified the

payment; if the periodic payment mentioned in the 1977 decree was a contractual obligation, she

argues, the court would have had no authority to modify it in 1991. We find Doris’s appeal

procedurally defaulted because she did not present the first argument to the trial court.

       Rule 5A:18 states that “no ruling of the trial court . . . will be considered as a basis for

reversal unless the objection was stated together with the grounds therefore at the time of the

ruling.” This Court has said that the rule

                                                -3-
               promotes the correction of error at the trial level. Lee v. Lee, 12
               Va. App. 512, 514, 404 S.E.2d 736, 737 (1991). It requires that
               the grounds of any objection be presented to the trial court,
               affording the trial judge an opportunity to consider the issues
               intelligently and take corrective action. Martin v. Commonwealth,
               13 Va. App. 524, 530, 414 S.E.2d 401, 404 (1992). The rule also
               prevents unfairness to the opposing party “who may have been
               able to offer an alternative to the objectionable ruling, but did not
               do so, believing there was no problem.” Lee, 12 Va. App. at 514,
               404 S.E.2d at 737; see also Weidman v. Babcock, 241 Va. 40, 44,
               400 S.E.2d 164, 167 (1991).

Copeland v. Commonwealth, 42 Va. App. 424, 441, 592 S.E.2d 391, 399 (2004). In accordance

with these principles, we have also stated that “the same argument must have been raised, with

specificity, at trial before it can be considered on appeal.” Correll v. Commonwealth, 42

Va. App. 311, 324, 591 S.E.2d 712, 719 (2004) (citing Buck v. Commonwealth, 247 Va. 449,

452-53, 443 S.E.2d 414, 417 (1994)).

       In the trial court, Doris’s counsel argued only that the 1991 decree “translated or

converted that payment in lieu of spousal support into spousal support; and since [the 1991]

decree was silent with regard to how long it would last, . . . it terminates upon . . . [Robert’s]

death.” She reasoned that the 1991 decree’s failure to mention the duration of the obligation

transformed the 1977 contractual obligation into court-ordered spousal support.

       On appeal, however, Doris does not argue that the 1991 decree’s failure to mention the

duration of the obligation transformed the 1977 contractual obligation. Instead, she argues that

the 1977 decree ambiguously referred to the payment obligation as both contractual and

court-ordered support payments and that the 1991 decree resolved the ambiguity, reasoning that

the 1977 obligation was necessarily court-ordered spousal support because the trial court did not

have the authority to modify a contractual obligation. Doris concluded on brief that: “[b]ecause

the 1991 decree could legally have modified only that portion of the 1977 decree ordering

‘spousal support,’ not that portion of the 1977 decree ordering payments ‘in lieu of spousal

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support,’ there was neither an agreement nor a stipulation that spousal support payments

extended beyond” Robert’s death.1

       Doris did not present the argument contained in her opening brief to the trial court. She

thus deprived the trial court of the opportunity to rule intelligently on the issue. See Martin, 13

Va. App. at 530, 414 S.E.2d at 404. We must therefore dismiss her appeal and affirm because

she failed to comply with Rule 5A:18.2

                                                                                          Affirmed.




       1
           We do not reach the merits of this argument.
       2
         We need not address Doris’s remaining arguments because they rely on the “ambiguity”
of the 1977 decree, an argument which was not presented to the trial court.
                                             -5-
