Opinion issued August 27, 2013




                                    In The

                             Court of Appeals
                                   For The

                        First District of Texas
                          ————————————
                            NO. 01-10-00231-CV
                          ———————————
                     SABRINA K. TAYLOR, Appellant
                                      V.
MICHAEL ALLON, M.D. AND CHRISTUS ST. CATHERINE HOSPITAL,
                        Appellees



                  On Appeal from the 190th District Court
                           Harris County, Texas
                     Trial Court Case No. 2009-60378



                        MEMORANDUM OPINION

      Sabrina Taylor sued Dr. Michael Allon and Christus St. Catherine Hospital

(“Christus St. Catherine”) for medical malpractice.   The trial court dismissed
Taylor’s suit due to her failure to file a sufficient expert report. In two issues,

Taylor (1) requests that we vacate the trial court’s order finding her appeal to be

frivolous and (2) contends that the trial court erroneously denied her motion to

sanction the defendants for filing unredacted medical records containing Taylor’s

personal identifying information.

      We affirm.

                                    Background

      In September 2007, Dr. Allon performed several surgical procedures on

Taylor at Christus St. Catherine. Taylor subsequently developed a Methicillin-

Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (“MRSA”) infection. She later sued both Dr.

Allon and Christus St. Catherine for negligence and gross negligence.

      Taylor served Dr. Allon and Christus St. Catherine with the expert report of

Dr. Al Davies, a board certified internal medicine physician.            Under the

“Negligence” section of the report, Dr. Davies stated,

      The existence of a wound infection is not prima facie evidence for
      negligence. There is no specific documented event that was
      inherently negligent on the part of Dr. Allon or Christus St. Catherine.
      That is not to say there was no negligence, but just to say that if a
      negligent act were to have been committed, such was not objectively
      documented.

Dr. Davies then stated the following under the “Causation” section of the report:

      Wound infections with MRSA typically result in patients with
      underlying illness such as diabetes which Ms. Taylor did not have.
      When MRSA infections occur in otherwise immunocompetent people,
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      there is a suspicion that someone or some instrument touched the
      wound to deliver MRSA to the wound. However, in this case there is
      no documentation of such a contaminating event. Candidate events
      include Dr. Allon touching the wound, contamination during surgery,
      nurses touching the wound or even the area around the wound, a
      contaminated IV spreading MRSA to the wound via the blood, Ms.
      Taylor herself touching the wound or around the wound, visitors, if
      there were any, and on and on. In short, while it is obvious that MRSA
      got into the wound there is no specific objective evidence how that
      contamination occurred in this case. It is not even reasonable to
      assert that the only way MRSA got there was via the physician or
      hospital personnel or equipment, since there is strong evidence that
      patients and visitors are often found to be the source that contaminates
      a wound. The onset of symptoms so rapidly postoperatively is in
      favor of the possibility that Ms. Taylor already had MRSA on her
      body as of the time of the surgery, potentially leading to rapid spread
      to the wound.

(Emphasis added.) In summarizing his opinions, Dr. Davies stated, “I cannot

objectively connect the events of the infection to any specific documented

negligence on the part of Dr. Allon or Christus St. Catherine Hospital.” Dr. Davies

did not state in his report what the applicable standard of care was or how he

believed Dr. Allon and Christus St. Catherine breached the standard of care.

      Dr. Allon and Christus St. Catherine both moved to dismiss Taylor’s suit for

failing to file an expert report that complied with Civil Practice and Remedies

Code section 74.351. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 74.351(r)(6)

(Vernon 2011) (defining “expert report” as “a written report by an expert that

provides a fair summary of the expert’s opinion as of the date of the report

regarding applicable standards of care, the manner in which the care rendered by

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the physician or health care provider failed to meet the standards, and the causal

relationship between that failure and the injury, harm, or damages claimed”). In

response, Taylor requested a 30-day extension to cure any deficiencies in the

expert report.     See id. § 74.351(c) (allowing court, in its discretion, to grant

claimant one 30-day extension to cure deficiencies in expert report).

         The trial court denied Taylor’s request for a 30-day extension. It granted Dr.

Allon’s and Christus St. Catherine’s motions to dismiss and dismissed Taylor’s

suit with prejudice. Taylor appealed the trial court’s dismissal of her suit to this

Court.

         After filing her notice of appeal, Taylor filed an affidavit of inability to pay

costs and requested that she be allowed to proceed on appeal with a free record.

The district clerk contested Taylor’s indigency affidavit, and the trial court

sustained this contest. In a memorandum order issued on July 21, 2011, a panel of

this Court reversed the trial court’s order sustaining the contest to Taylor’s

indigency affidavit and ordered the trial court to make a finding of whether

Taylor’s appeal of the underlying judgment was frivolous pursuant to Civil

Practice and Remedies Code section 13.003. See id. § 13.003(a) (Vernon 2002)

(providing that appellant is entitled to free record on appeal if she files affidavit of

inability to pay costs and trial court finds that appeal is not frivolous and record is

needed to decide issues presented on appeal).

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      After the trial court failed to file findings on the frivolousness issue with this

Court, the Court issued an order of abatement on November 1, 2011, in which it

ordered the trial court “to conduct a hearing and to make appropriate findings on

the frivolousness issue.” Dr. Allon and Christus St. Catherine then filed with the

trial court a joint motion to declare Taylor’s suit frivolous, arguing that Taylor’s

claims had no arguable basis in law or fact. Taylor responded and argued that she

had produced a “good-faith expert report by a qualified expert within the 120 day

period.”

      The trial court held a hearing on the frivolousness issue on January 5, 2012.

The court allowed Taylor to testify concerning the factual basis for her claims and

her use of Dr. Davies’ expert report. At this hearing, Taylor requested that the trial

court sanction Dr. Allon and Christus St. Catherine because they had filed Taylor’s

medical records with the court, and these records contained unredacted personal

identifying information, such as Taylor’s Social Security number and driver’s

license number. The trial court declined to sanction Dr. Allon and Christus St.

Catherine; instead, it required Dr. Allon and Christus St. Catherine to file redacted

copies of Taylor’s medical records. Following the hearing, the trial court found

that Taylor presented no substantial question for appellate review and that her

appeal of the underlying judgment was frivolous.




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      A panel of this Court affirmed that finding in an unpublished memorandum

order on October 18, 2012. In that order, this Court noted that Dr. Davies did not

discuss in his expert report the applicable standard of care, nor did he discuss the

manner in which Dr. Allon and Christus St. Catherine allegedly breached the

applicable standard of care, two elements that are required for an expert report to

constitute a good-faith effort to comply with section 74.351. See id. § 74.351(r)(6)

(stating requirements for expert reports). This Court also noted that Dr. Davies’

report “call[ed] into question the causal relationship between” the defendants’

conduct and Taylor’s injury, failed to explain how the defendants’ conduct caused

Taylor’s injury, and “questioned the reasonableness of attributing [Taylor’s] injury

to any conduct by [the defendants].” This Court concluded that the trial court did

not abuse its discretion in determining that Dr. Davies’ expert report did not

constitute a good faith effort to comply with the statutory expert report

requirements and in granting the defendants’ motion to dismiss. This Court also

concluded that the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it denied Taylor’s

request for a 30-day extension to cure the deficiencies in the expert report because,

in attempting to cure the deficient report, Dr. Davies “would have had to

fundamentally alter his opinion” concerning causation and add discussion of two

elements that had been completely omitted from his initial report, which is not “the

type of cure contemplated by section 74.351(c).”

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      This Court examined the record of the January 5, 2012 hearing on

frivolousness as well as the records before the trial court at the time that it made its

initial decision on the defendants’ motions to dismiss, and we concluded that the

trial court “properly exercised its discretion in determining that [Taylor’s] expert

report was incurably deficient” and that the trial court properly determined that

there was no substantial question for appellate review and that Taylor’s appeal of

the underlying judgment was frivolous. After affirming the frivolousness finding,

this Court then ordered the parties to file appellate briefs.

                             Frivolous Appeal Finding

      In her first issue, Taylor requests that the Court vacate the trial court’s

finding that her appeal was frivolous and order a new hearing on the issue. Taylor

also argues that the trial court’s frivolousness order is invalid because this Court’s

November 1, 2011 abatement order required the trial court to determine if Taylor’s

appeal was frivolous, and “the only appeal at that time presented to the First Court

of Appeals was Plaintiff appealing the lower court sustaining the contest of

Plaintiff’s Pauper’s Affidavit.”

      In her appellate brief, Taylor ignores this Court’s October 18, 2012

memorandum order affirming the trial court’s frivolousness finding. A panel of

this Court considered the evidence before the trial court at the time it ruled upon

Dr. Allon’s and Christus St. Catherine’s motions to dismiss, Dr. Davies’ expert

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report, and the arguments of the parties at the frivolousness hearing. In doing so,

the panel held that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in granting the

motions to dismiss and denying Taylor’s request for a 30-day extension to cure the

deficiencies in the expert report. The panel also held that the trial court properly

found that Taylor’s appeal of the underlying judgment did not present a substantial

question for appellate review and was frivolous. Taylor did not move for rehearing

of this Court’s order, nor does she challenge this order in her appellate brief. She

makes no argument concerning the merits of either the trial court’s frivolousness

finding or this Court’s frivolousness finding. She does not argue that she has

presented a substantial question appropriate for appellate review of the trial court’s

order granting the defendants’ motions to dismiss. 1 See Britton v. Tex. Dep’t of

Criminal Justice, 95 S.W.3d 676, 681 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, no

pet.) (“Generally speaking, an appellant must attack all independent bases or

grounds that fully support a complained-of ruling or judgment. If an appellant

does not, then we must affirm the ruling or judgment.”).




1
      Taylor also argues in her first issue that “due to the lack of understanding of what
      [this Court] was seeking” in our abatement order, the trial court ought to have
      continued the hearing on frivolousness “until clarity was received from” this
      Court. Taylor filed a “Motion for Clarity” in this Court on January 6, 2012, one
      day after the hearing on the frivolousness issue. We dismissed this motion as
      moot when we issued our October 18, 2012 memorandum order.
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      Because this Court has already affirmed the trial court’s finding that her

appeal of the underlying judgment is frivolous and Taylor does not challenge this

ruling, we overrule her first issue. See id.

                                Motion for Sanctions

      In her second issue, Taylor contends that the trial court erred in denying her

request for sanctions after Dr. Allon and Christus St. Catherine both filed

unredacted medical records with the trial court that included her confidential

identifying information. As support for her contention, Taylor cites Federal Rule

of Civil Procedure 5.2, which addresses the protection of a party’s personal

information in federal court filings. See FED. R. CIV. P. 5.2 (“Privacy Protection

For Filings Made with the Court”).

      Sanctions are employed by courts to promote compliance with particular

rules and to deter abuse of those rules. See, e.g., Cire v. Cummings, 134 S.W.3d

835, 839 (Tex. 2004) (stating, in discovery-abuse context, that “[s]anctions are

used to assure compliance with discovery [rules] and deter those who might be

tempted to abuse discovery in the absence of a deterrent”); Union Carbide Corp. v.

Martin, 349 S.W.3d 137, 144 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.) (“Discovery

sanctions serve to secure compliance with the discovery rules, deter other litigants

from abusing the discovery rules, and punish those who violate the discovery

rules.”). Rule 5.2 is the sole authority that Taylor cites as a basis for imposing

                                           9
sanctions upon Dr. Allon and Christus St. Catherine. As both Dr. Allon and

Christus St. Catherine point out, Federal Rule 5.2 is not applicable to this state

court proceeding. See FED. R. CIV. P. 1 (“These rules govern the procedure in all

civil actions and proceedings in the United States district courts . . . .”) (emphasis

added). Taylor has cited no Texas law requiring redaction of personal information

from documents filed with the court or providing that parties may be sanctioned for

filing such unredacted documents with the court. See TransAmerican Natural Gas

Corp. v. Powell, 811 S.W.2d 913, 917 (Tex. 1991) (holding that direct relationship

must exist between offensive conduct and sanction imposed and that, for sanction

to be just, sanction “must be directed against the abuse”).

      At the January 5, 2012 hearing on frivolousness, Taylor asked the trial court

to sanction Dr. Allon and Christus St. Catherine for failing to redact her identifying

information in the medical records that they filed with the court. She did not cite

to the trial court any authority for imposing sanctions on this basis. Instead of

imposing sanctions, the trial court required Dr. Allon and Christus St. Catherine to

file redacted copies of Taylor’s medical records that did not disclose her personal

information. Because Taylor has identified no authority holding that Dr. Allon’s

and Christus St. Catherine’s conduct in filing the unredacted records is

sanctionable or that the trial court abuses its discretion if it declines to sanction

parties for this conduct, we hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in

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denying Taylor’s request for sanctions. See Cire, 134 S.W.3d at 838 (“A trial

court’s ruling on a motion for sanctions is reviewed under an abuse of discretion

standard.”).

      We overrule Taylor’s second issue.

                                   Conclusion

      We affirm the judgment of the trial court.       All pending motions are

dismissed as moot.




                                             Evelyn V. Keyes
                                             Justice

Panel consists of Justices Keyes, Higley, and Bland.




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