                                         OFFICE oftheATTORNEY
                                                          _I
                                                                                         GENERAL
                                                               GREG      ABBOTT




                                                               January 6,2003



The Honorable Fred M. Bosse                                               Opinion No. GA-0007
Chair, Committee on Civil Practices
Texas House of Representatives                                            Re: Whether a corporation that holds a bingo
P.O. Box 2910                                                             commercial     lessor license may convert to a
Austin, Texas 78768-29 10                                                 limited partnership and related questions
                                                                          (RQ-0572-JC)

Dear Representative      Bosse:

         The Bingo Enabling Act requires a bingo commercial lessor to be licensed.          When a
corporation converts to a limited partnership pursuant to article 5.17 of the Texas Business
Corporation Act or when a limited partnership converts to a corporation pursuant to article 2.15 of
Texas Revised Limited Partnership Act, a state license held by the converting business entity
continues to be held by the converted entity in its new organizational form unless a particular
licensing or regulatory scheme prohibits or restricts continuation of the license. You generally ask
whether the Bingo Enabling Act precludes the continuation of a bingo commercial lessor license
when a licensed Texas corporation converts to a Texas limited partnership or a licensed Texas
limited partnership converts to a Texas corporation. You also ask whether the statute precludes the
transfer of the license from one type of Texas business entity to another.*

         We conclude that the Bingo Enabling Act and the rules promulgated by the Texas Lottery
Commission under the statute do not preclude the continuation of a bingo commercial lessor license
upon the conversion of a Texas corporation to a Texas limited partnership or of a Texas limited
partnership to a Texas corporation.     We also conclude that the converted corporation or limited
partnership must apply for an amended license to the extent its narne or address differs from that
of the converting entity. Our conclusions assume, as do your questions, that the converted limited
partnership or corporation meets the eligibility requirements for a bingo commercial lessor license
and that each person who has a financial interest in or who is in any capacity a real party in interest
in the converting entity’s bingo-related business does not change after the conversion. Finally, we
conclude that section 2001.160 of the Bingo Enabling Act does not permit a corporation that holds
a bingo commercial lessor license to transfer the license to a limited partnership, but it does perrnit



          ‘Letter from Honorable Fred M. Bosse, Chair, Committee on Civil Practices, Texas House of Representatives,
to Honorable John Comyn, Texas Attorney General (July 2,2002) (on file with Opinion Committee) [hereinafter Request
Letter].




                                  An Equal   Employment    Opportunity   EmpLoycr   Printed   on Recycled   Paper
The Honorable Fred M. Bosse - Page 2               (GA-0007)




a licensed limited partnership to transfer the license to a corporation formed or owned by the limited
partnership.

         We begin by providing the legal background to your first set of questions. Article 5.17 of
the Business Corporation Act (the “Corporation Act”) permits a domestic corporation - the
converting entity - to adopt a plan of conversion and convert to another for-r-nof business entity such
as a limited partnership - the converted entity - provided certain conditions are met. See TEX. Bus.
CORP. ACT ANN. arts. 1.02(20) (defining “other entity” to include a corporation); 5.17 (authorizing
conversion); 5.18 (requiring filing of articles of conversion); 5.20 (describing effect of conversion)
(Vernon Supp. 2002). In addition to other statutoryrequirements,    the conversion must be “permitted
by, or not inconsistent with, the laws of the state or country in which the converted entity is to be
incorporated, formed, or organized,” and “effected in compliance with such laws.” Id. art.
5.17(A)(2). Upon effective conversion, the converting entity and all its property “continue” without
interruptions or further action:

                  (1) the converting entity shall continue to exist, without interruption,
                  but in the organizational form of the converted entity rather than in its
                  prior organizational form;

                  (2) all rights, title, and interests to all real estate and other property
                  owned by the converting entity shall continue to be owned by the
                  converted entity in its new organizational form without reversion or
                  impairment, without further act or deed, and without any transfer or
                  assignment having occurred, but subject to any existing liens or other
                  encumbrances thereon[ .]

Id. art. 5.20(l)-(2).

        Similarly, section 2.15 of the Texas Revised Limited Partnership Act (the “Partnership
Act”), permits a domestic limited partnership to adopt a plan of conversion and convert to
another form of a business entity, such as a corporation. See TEX. REV. CIV. STAT.ANN. art. 6132a-
1, 8 2.15(a) (authorizing conversion), 5 2.15(h)(4) (defining “other entity”) (Vernon Supp. 2002).
Again, in addition to satisfying the statutory requirements, the conversion must be “permitted by, or
not inconsistent with, the laws of the state or country in which the converted entity is to be
incorporated, formed, or organized,” and “effected in compliance with such laws.” Id. tj 2.15(a)(2).
And, when the conversion takes effect,

                  (1) the converting entity shall continue to exist, without interruption,
                  but in the organizational form of the converted entity rather than in its
                  prior organizational form;

                  (2) all rights, title, and interests to all real estate and other property
                  owned by the converting entity shall continue to be owned by the
                  converted entity in its new organizational form without reversion or
The Honorable      Fred M. Bosse - Page 3            (GA-0007)




                  impairment, without further act or deed, and without any transfer or
                  assignment having occurred, but subject to any existing liens or other
                  encumbrances thereon[ .]

Id. tj 2.15(g)(1)-(2).

         With this background, we turn to your questions. You first ask whether “a Texas Corporation
that holds a bingo commercial lessor license [may] convert to a Texas Limited Partnership pursuant
toArticle5.17ofthe..       . Business Corporation Act[ .I” Request Letter, supra note 1, at 1. You also
ask whether a Texas limited partnership that holds such a license may convert to a corporation under
section 2.15 of the Revised Limited Partnership Act. See id.* While your questions appear more
general, based on the discussion in the Request Letter, we understand you to ask not whether these
conversions may occur under article 5.17 of the Business Corporation Act and article 2.15 of the
Texas Limited Partnership Act, but rather whether the Bingo Enabling Act precludes the
continuation of the commercial lessor license in these circumstances. See id. at 2-5. Your questions
assume that the entity resulting from the conversion is otherwise eligible for a bingo commercial
lessor license and that “each other person who has a financial interest in or who is in any capacity
a real party in interest in the applicant’s business as it pertains to” bingo and shown on the original
application for a commercial bingo lessor license remains the same. See id. at 2; see also TEX. OCC.
CODE&.        $9 2001.156(b)(l) (’  m for-n-ration to be supplied in license application); .159 (conditions
to issuance of license by Texas Lottery Commission) (Vernon 2002).

         This office has determined that, as a general rule, when a corporation converts to another type
of business entity pursuant to the Corporation Act, a state license held by the converting corporation
continues to be held by the converted entity in its new organizational form. See Tex. Att’y Gen. Op.
No. JC-0126 (1999). Attorney General Opinion JC-0 126 considered the conversion of a corporation
under article 5.17 of the Corporation Act and explained the general rule permitting the continuation
of a state license as follows:

                          The essential feature of the conversion statute is that the
                 converting corporation continues to exist, uninterrupted, as it assumes
                 its new business form. As we have said, no transfers take place when
                 there is a conversion. Instead, everything that the corporation has
                 simply stays with it. Although state licenses are not specifically
                 mentioned among those things that automatically make the transition,
             .   we think that the statute as a whole, viewed in light of its purpose,
                 contemplates that a state license does not die upon a corporation’s
                 conversion, but continues with it.

Id. at 4.




          *You specifically ask: “Reversing the [questions 1 and 21 above, may the Limited Partnership   convert,   or
transfer its license, to a Texas Corporation ?” See Request Letter, sup-a note 1, at 1.
The Honorable Fred M. Bosse - Page 4            (GA-0007)




         But specific licensing statutes or regulations may preclude or impose limits on the
continuation of a license. As Attorney General Opinion JC-0 126 noted, “a specific licensing statute
or regulation might conflict with this general rule by prohibiting the continuation of a license, by
imposing conditions or requirements on its continuation, or by restricting the issuance of a license
to certain types of business entities.” Id. For instance, a statute may require a business to apply for
a new license when converting to another business form; or may allow conversion of a business
holding a permit or license only if the ownership of the newly created business entity is identical to
the ownership of the former business entity or require a business to file notice of a conversion and
pay a fee. See id.

         When a corporation converts to a limited partnership under article 5.17 of the Corporation
Act or a limited partnership to a corporation under article 2.15 of the Partnership Act, a state license
held by the converting entity would continue to be held by the converted entity in its new
organizational form unless otherwise provided by a particular licensing or regulatory statute or
regulations. Although Attorney General Opinion JC-0 126 expressly considered the conversion of
a corporation to another type of business entity under section 5.17 of the Corporation Act, its
reasoning, conclusion, and caveat apply equally to the identical conversion provisions of the
Partnership Act. See Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. No. JC-0126 (1999).

        We thus consider whether the Bingo Enabling Act, TEX. OCC. CODEANN. §tj2001 .OOl-,657
(Vernon 2002), or the rules promulgated thereunder by the Texas Lottery Commission (the
“Commission”),    16 TEX. ADMIN. CODE $5 402.541-.572 (2002) (Tex. Lottery Comm’n, Bingo
Regulation and Tax), prohibit or restrict the continuation of a bingo commercial lessor license upon
the conversion of a corporation to a limited partnership or of a limited partnership to a corporation.
We assume here that the converted limited partnership or corporation meets the eligibility
requirements for a bingo commercial lessor license.

         We conclude that the Bingo Enabling Act and the Commission rules do not prohibit or
restrict continuation of the license. Neither the Bingo Enabling Act nor the Commission’s rules
expressly prohibit or restrict the continuation of a bingo commercial lessor license upon conversion
of a business entity to another type of business entity. Nor do the statute or rules implicitly prohibit
continuation of the license by limiting the issuance of the license to a particular type of business
entity. Either a domestically owned corporation whose shares are not publicly traded or a limited
partnership may hold a bingo commercial lessor license under the Bingo Enabling Act. See TEX.
OCC. CODE ANN. $4 2001.002(20), .152 (Vernon 2002). A person who directly leases premises on
which bingo is conducted to a licensed authorized organization must be a licensed commercial
lessor. See id. 0 2001.15 1. A commercial lessor license may be issued only to an “authorized
organization” licensed to conduct bingo or a “person” who leases premises for the conduct of bingo.
See id. 8 2001.152. An “[aluthorized organization” is “a person eligible for a license to conduct
bingo.” Id. 8 2001.002(2). A “[p] erson,” for the purposes of the Bingo Enabling Act generally, is
“an individual, partnership, corporation, or other group.” Id. tj 2001.002(20). The only forms of
corporate or legal “persons” ineligible for a commercial lessor license are foreign corporations or
foreign legal entities; corporations or legal entities owned or controlled by a foreign corporation or
The Honorable Fred M. Bosse       - Page 5      (GA-0007)




a nonresident; or corporations whose shares are publicly traded or that are owned by a publicly
traded corporation. See id. 0 2001.154(a).

         The statute’s restrictions on the transfer of a license, as you note, do not apply to a
continuation of the license. Section 2001.160 generally provides that a licensed commercial lessor
may not transfer its license except as provided by that section and only with the Con-mission’s prior
approval. See id. § 2001.160(a)-(c). By its terms, the statute applies to the transfer of a license. The
continuation of a license upon conversion does not involve a transfer. See Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. No.
JC-0 126 (1999) at 4 (“As we have said, no transfers take place when there is a conversion. Instead,
everything that the corporation has simply stays with it.“).

        If the Bingo Enabling Act does not prohibit or restrict the continuation of a commercial lessor
license when a corporation converts to a limited partnership or a limited partnership to a corporation,
you additionally ask whether the new entity must apply for an amended license. See Request Letter,
supra note 1, at 1. We conclude that the converted entity must apply for an amended license to the
extent its name or address differs from that of the converting entity.

         An applicant for a commercial lessor license must file a written verified application
containing information prescribed by the Commission.            TEX. Oct. CODE ANN. 5 2001.156(a)
(Vernon 2002); 16 TEX.ADMIN. CODE 5 402.545(b)( 1) (2002). The application must contain certain
information, including the name and address of the applicant “and each other person who has a
financial interest in or who is in any capacity a real party in interest in the applicant’s business as it
pertains to” the Bingo Enabling Act, TEX. OCC. CODE ANN. 8 2001.156(b)(l) (Vernon 2002);
and a statement that the applicant complies with eligibility requirements of the statute, see id.
8 2001.156(b)(5).      The Commission is required by statute to investigate the applicant, see id.
8 200 1.30 1, and, by rule, to conduct a “complete background investigation of each employee, owner,
officer and director of, each person active in, and each person with substantial interest in, any
corporation that holds a license,” 16 TEX. ADMIN. CODE 8 402.545(b)(3)(E) (2002).                     The
Commission must issue a license if it determines that the applicant has paid the requisite fee; the
applicant is qualified to be licensed; the applicant satisfies the requirements of the statute; the
proposed rent is fair and reasonable; there is no diversion of funds from lawful purposes; and “the
person whose signature or name appears in the application is in all respects the real party in interest.”
See TEX. Oct. CODE ANN. 8 2001.159(a)(1)-(6) (V emon 2002). Finally, each commercial lessor
license granted “shall contain a statement of the name and address of the license holder and the
address of the holder” and must be “conspicuously display[ed].” Id. fj 2001.3 10.                   .

         A license may be amended on application to the Commission and payment of a fee “if the
subject matter of the proposed amendment could properly have been included in the original
license.”    Id. 5 2001.306(a); 16 TEX. ADMIN. CODE 8 402.545(f) (2002). Additionally, the
Commission’s rules require a licensee to notify the Commission in writing of any changes in the
information provided in an application or when information filed with the Commission becomes
inaccurate in any way. See 16 TEX. ADMIN. CODE 5 402.545(g) (2002). Examples of such changes
include “the name of the organizational officers . . . or the name of an individual connected with a
commercial lessor that would affect its eligibility to hold a license.” Id.
The Honorable Fred M. Bosse - Page 6             (GA-0007)




         Because conversion from a corporation to a limited partnership or from a limited partnership
to a corporation would most likely be accompanied by at least a name change, a converted entity in
its new organizational form would be required to obtain an amended license. Even assuming that
neither the substantive part of the name or address of the converted entity changes upon its
conversion from a corporation to a limited partnership or vice versa, the words or letters following
the substantive name presumably change. As you note, for instance, in the case of the conversion
of a corporation to a limited partnership, “ABC, Inc.” would change to “ABC, L.P.” The name of
a limited partnership, as stated in its certificate of limited partnership, must contain the words
“Limited Partnership” or the abbreviation “L.P.” or “Ltd.” as the last words or letters of the name.
See TEX. REV. CIV. STAT. ANN. art. 6132a-l, § 1.03 (Vernon Supp. 2002). And it may not “contain
a word or phrase indicating or implying that it is a corporation.” Id. 5 1.03(4). A corporate name,
on the other hand, must contain the word “Corporation,” “Company,” or “Incorporated,” or an
abbreviation of such words “and shall contain such additional words as may be required by law.”
TEX. Bus. CORP. ACT ANN. art. 2.05(A)(l) (V emon Supp. 2002). The inclusion of the required
words or abbreviations describing the converted entity would be a change from those describing the
entity in its former organizational form, and thus, require an amendment to the “conspicuously
displayed” license that contains the name and address of the licensee.

          We note that it is unclear from the Bingo Enabling Act and the Commission’s rules which
ownership and personnel changes require an amended license application rather than merely
notification to the Commission.       Compare TEX. OCC. CODE ANN. 4 2001.306 (Vernon 2002); 16
TEX. ADMIN. CODE 5 402.545(f) (2002) (license may be amended “if the subject matter of the
amendment properly and lawfully could have been included in the original license”), with 16 TEX.
ADMIN. CODE 5 402.545(g) (2002) (licensee may notify Commission of change in application
information or if information has become inaccurate). But because your questions assume that there
is no change in the converted entity’s eligibility, ownership, or personnel, we do not resolve this
ambiguity.

         You next ask whether “a Texas Corporation that holds a bingo commercial lessor license
[may] transfer the license to a Texas Limited Partnership under the same ownership and control, if
the transferee otherwise meets the requirements of the Bingo Enabling Act[ .I” Request Letter, supra
note 1, at 1. You also ask whether a Texas limited partnership that holds a bingo commercial lessor
license may transfer the license to a Texas corporation under the same ownership and control. See
id. You explain that a corporation might prefer to avoid the conversion procedures and simply
transfer its license to a separate newly created entity. See id. at 4. “If so, the question that remains
is whether [section] 2001.160 of the Bingo Enabling Act would prohibit such a transfer if the
transferee is a limited partnership.”    Id. We conclude that section 2001.160 does not permit a
corporation that holds a bingo commercial lessor license to transfer the license to a limited
partnership, but it does permit a licensed limited partnership to transfer the license to a corporation
formed or owned by the limited partnership.

         Section 2001.160 restricts the transfer of a commercial lessor license. It provides, in relevant
part, as follows:
The Honorable Fred M. Bosse - Page 7            (GA-0007)




                (a) A licensed commercial lessor may not transfer a commercial
                lessor license except as provided by this section.

                (b) A transfer of a commercial lessor license under this section may
                be made only with the prior approval of the commission.            The
                commission shall approve the transfer under this section iftheperson
                to whom the license will be transferred otherwise meets the
                requirements of this section.

                (c) A licensed commercial lessor may transfer a license held by the
                license holder to a corporation formed by the license holder orfrom
                one corporation owned by the license holder to another corporation
                owned by the license holder.

TEX. Oct. CODE ANN. 5 2001.160(a)-(c)       (Vernon 2002) (emphasis added).

          Section 2001.160, read as a whole, per-r-nits a licensed commercial bingo lessor to transfer
its license only to a corporation. Like a court, we construe a statute according to its plain language.
See Mitchell Energy Corp. v. Ashworth, 943 S.W.2d 436, 438 (Tex. 1997). We read words and
phrases in context and construe them according to rules of grammar and common usage. See TEX.
GOV’T CODE ANN. 5 3 11 .Ol l(a) (Vernon 1998) (Code Construction Act). By its terms, section
2001.160(a) prohibits license transfer except as provided by the statute. See id. 8 3 11.016(5) (“‘May
not’ imposes a prohibition and is synonymous with ‘shall not. “‘). Section 200 1.160(b) requires prior
Commission approval and directs the Commission to approve a “person” meeting the requirements
of section 2001.160, rather than chapter 2001. While the term “person” in chapter 2001 generally
is “an individual, partnership, corporation, or other group,” TEX. OCC. CODE ANN. tj2001.002(20)
(Vernon 2002), the only “person” to which the licensee is authorized to transfer the license
specifically under section 2001.160(c) is a corporation.          Under the Code Construction       Act,
“‘[mlay’ creates discretionary authority or grants permission or a power.” TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN.
8 311.016(l) (V emon 1998). Read in context, the term as used in subsection (c) grants a licensed
bingo commercial lessor permission or power to transfer the license to a corporation formed or
owned by the licensee; it does not grant the licensee the power or discretion to transfer the license
to any “person” within the general meaning of that term.
The Honorable Fred M. Bosse - Page 8           (GA-0007)




                                        SUMMARY

                        TheBingo Enabling Act, TEX. Oct. CODEANN. @j2001.001-
               .657 (Vernon 2002), and the rules promulgated thereunder by the
               Texas Lottery Commission, 16 TEX. ADMIN. CODE 9 402.541-.572
               (2002), do not preclude the continuation of a bingo commercial lessor
               license upon the conversion of a Texas corporation to a Texas limited
               partnership or of a Texas limited partnership to a Texas corporation
               assuming the converted entity is eligible for a bingo commercial
               lessor license. The converted corporation or limited partnership must
               apply for an amended license to the extent its name or address differs
               from that of the converting entity, assuming that each person who has
               a financial interest in or who is in any capacity a real party in interest
               in the converting entity’s bingo-related business does not change.
               Finally, section 2001.160 of the Bingo Enabling Act does not permit
               a corporation that holds a bingo commercial lessor license to transfer
               the license to a limited partnership, but it does permit a licensed
               limited partnership to transfer the license to a corporation formed or
               owned by the limited partnership.

                                               Very truly yours,




BARRY R. MCBEE
First Assistant Attorney General

NANCY FULLER
Deputy Attorney General - General Counsel

SUSAN DENMON GUSKY
Chair, Opinion Committee

Sheela Rai
Assistant Attorney General, Opinion Committee
