                         This opinion will be unpublished and
                         may not be cited except as provided by
                         Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

                              STATE OF MINNESOTA
                              IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                    A14-2198

                                    Robert L. Follis,
                                      Appellant,

                                   Georgia K. Follis,
                                      Appellant,

                                           vs.

                          State Armory Building Commission,
                                     Respondent.

                                Filed December 7, 2015
                                       Affirmed
                                   Halbrooks, Judge


                              Todd County District Court
                               File No. 77-CV-13-848

Robert and Georgia Follis, Motley, Minnesota (pro se appellants)

Lori Swanson, Attorney General, Erik M. Johnson, Assistant Attorney General, St. Paul,
Minnesota (for respondent)

      Considered and decided by Hooten, Presiding Judge; Halbrooks, Judge; and

Worke, Judge.

                        UNPUBLISHED OPINION

HALBROOKS, Judge

      Appellants, pro se, challenge the district court’s grant of partial summary

judgment to respondent. Appellants argue that the district court erred by not giving them
an opportunity to present evidence of their damages and that the district court did not

treat appellants appropriately as pro se litigants. We affirm.

                                          FACTS

       In 2002, appellant Robert Follis entered into a contract for deed with the state to

purchase a former Minnesota Army National Guard armory building.               The contract

required Follis to make a down payment of $5,000 and five annual payments of $8,900

plus interest. The contract also required Follis to pay all property taxes. Follis provided

the down payment, but he failed to make the annual payments due in 2003, 2004, and

2005. He also failed to pay the property taxes. Because of Follis’s default, the state

served him with a notice of cancellation on March 22, 2006. The notice advised Follis

that if he did not pay the amount due or secure a court order suspending termination, the

contract for deed would be terminated.

       Follis responded to the notice of cancellation by filing a petition to enjoin the

termination of the contract for deed on May 22, 2006. The district court denied Follis’s

petition, and Follis appealed. On December 11, 2007, this court affirmed the district

court’s denial of Follis’s petition.

       In early 2008, the state brought an eviction action against Follis. The district court

entered a judgment of eviction in March 2008. Follis appealed the eviction judgment to

this court, and his appeal was dismissed as untimely on May 13, 2008.

       On May 16, 2008, appellants Robert and Georgia Follis filed a federal lawsuit

against the state seeking to prevent the state from evicting them from the armory. The

federal district court ruled against the Follises on September 4, 2008. The Follises


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appealed, and the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the federal district court on

June 24, 2009.

       Although they did not prevail in any of their lawsuits, the Follises were successful

in delaying their eviction from the armory for more than three years. The Follises were

finally evicted from the armory on July 16, 2009. Over the next 60 days, the Follises

were given access to the armory to remove their personal property.               The State

Quartermaster for the Minnesota National Guard unlocked the armory for the Follises

each day that they wanted to remove their property. In his affidavit, the quartermaster

noted the unsanitary conditions he witnessed in the armory.             According to the

quartermaster, “Large amounts of animal feces were located throughout the whole

complex. . . . The smell of musty, rotting food and animal urine was so strong it was

difficult to stay in the building for any length of time.” He also stated that he “never saw

anything in the armory that appeared to have any resale value.” The Follises hauled away

approximately 30 truckloads of personal property from the armory during the 60-day

period. After the 60 days, the Follises still had property remaining in the armory but

were not allowed to access it.

       The Follises filed the complaint in this case in 2013, alleging that respondent State

Armory Building Commission (SABC) unlawfully denied them access to their property

that was still left in the armory.    The Follises sought $3,000,000 in damages and

$250,000 in “punitive damages for pain and suffering.”

       The SABC served the Follises with interrogatories that asked them, among other

questions, to “identify any evidence that supports the amount of your claimed damages.”


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The Follises never responded to the interrogatories. The SABC also served the Follises

with a request for production of documents. Among the requested documents were “[a]ll

documents that support any allegation by you that you are entitled to recover any amount

of damages in this lawsuit” and “[a]ll documents that support any allegation by you as to

the value of the personal property that you allege you have been deprived of.” The

Follises never responded to the request for production of documents.

       The SABC moved for summary judgment. The Follises did not respond to the

motion before the summary-judgment hearing. At the summary-judgment hearing, the

Follises requested time to respond to the motion in writing, and the district court gave

them two weeks to file a written argument.            The Follises subsequently filed a

memorandum in opposition to summary judgment. In their memorandum, they made

general assertions but still did not offer any evidence regarding the value of their property

in the armory.

       The district court granted the SABC’s motion for summary judgment in part and

denied it in part. The district court concluded that since the Follises had not offered any

evidence concerning the value of their property remaining in the armory, they could not

survive summary judgment on their claim for actual damages under Minn. Stat.

§ 504B.231 (2014) because damages were an essential element of that claim. But the

district court ruled that the SABC was not entitled to summary judgment on the claim for

the statutory penalty of $500 under section 504B.231 because the Follises did not need to

prove actual damages in order to recover $500 under the statute. Because the SABC

never denied the allegation that it had not completed an inventory of the Follises’


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property required by Minn. Stat. § 504B.365, subd. 3(d) (2014), the district court

concluded that there was a genuine issue of material fact about the inventory requirement.

      At a pretrial hearing, the SABC stipulated that it had not completed the required

inventory of the Follises’ property left in the armory. Because the SABC violated the

statute, the district court entered judgment in favor of the Follises for the statutory

penalty of $500. The Follises now appeal the summary-judgment dismissal of their claim

for actual damages.

                                    DECISION

                                            I.

      The Follises argue that the district court erred by granting partial summary

judgment in favor of the SABC on the issue of actual damages.            On appeal from

summary judgment, we review de novo whether a genuine issue of material fact exists

and whether the district court erred in its application of the law. STAR Ctrs., Inc. v.

Faegre & Benson, L.L.P., 644 N.W.2d 72, 76-77 (Minn. 2002). “We view the evidence

in the light most favorable to the party against whom summary judgment was granted.”

Id.   Summary judgment is granted when “the pleadings, depositions, answers to

interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that

there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that either party is entitled to a

judgment as a matter of law.” Minn. R. Civ. P. 56.03.

A.    Genuine Issue of Material Fact

      “The party opposing summary judgment may not establish genuine issues of

material fact by relying upon unverified and conclusory allegations, or postulated


                                            5
evidence that might be developed at trial, or metaphysical doubt about the facts.” Dyrdal

v. Golden Nuggets, Inc., 689 N.W.2d 779, 783 (Minn. 2004). “[W]hen the nonmoving

party bears the burden of proof on an element essential to the nonmoving party’s case, the

nonmoving party must make a showing sufficient to establish that essential element.”

DLH, Inc. v. Russ, 566 N.W.2d 60, 71 (Minn. 1997).

       The Follises offered no evidence of their actual damages other than conclusory

allegations in their complaint and memorandum opposing summary judgment. They

failed to answer any interrogatories about their damages. They did not respond to the

request for production of documents.         They did not offer evidence to rebut the

quartermaster’s claims about the unsanitary conditions of the armory, and they offered no

evidence to contradict his statement that nothing in the armory had any resale value. The

Follises had the burden of proof on the element of their damages. Since they offered no

evidence to show that their property remaining in the armory had any value, they did not

make a showing sufficient to establish that element.

       Without citing to the record or any legal authority, the Follises argue that the

district court erred by not giving them “an opportunity to present the true value of the

property to the court.”    The Follises actually had multiple opportunities to present

evidence of the value of their property. They could have done so if they had answered

the SABC’s interrogatories; they could have done so if they had responded to the request

for production of documents; and they could have done so in responding to the motion

for summary judgment. The district court was correct to conclude that there was no

genuine issue of material fact regarding the value of the Follises’ property.


                                             6
B.     Application of the Law

       Minn. Stat. § 504B.365 (2014) governs eviction procedures. Because the Follises’

property remained in the armory after they were evicted, the relevant part of the statute

provides:

              If the defendant’s personal property is to be stored on the
              premises, the officer shall enter the premises, breaking in if
              necessary, and the plaintiff may remove the defendant’s
              personal property. Section 504B.271 applies to personal
              property removed under this paragraph. The plaintiff must
              prepare an inventory and mail a copy of the inventory to the
              defendant’s last known address or, if the defendant has
              provided a different address, to the address provided.

Minn. Stat. § 504B.365, subd. 3(d).

       Minn. Stat. § 504B.271 (2014) refers to a tenant’s personal property remaining in

the premises. “If a tenant abandons rented premises, the landlord may take possession of

the tenant’s personal property remaining on the premises, and shall store and care for the

property.” Minn. Stat. § 504B.271, subd. 1(a). “The landlord may sell or otherwise

dispose of the property 28 days after the landlord receives actual notice of the

abandonment, or 28 days after it reasonably appears to the landlord that the tenant has

abandoned the premises, whichever occurs last.” Id., subd. 1(b). In 2009, when the

Follises were evicted, the period of time under this statute was 60 days. Id., subd. 1

(2008). This section applies to contract-for-deed cancellations. Id., subd. 4 (2014).

       Abandoned property traditionally means property that is voluntarily surrendered.

Black’s Law Dictionary 1411 (10th ed. 2014).           The district court concluded that

abandoned property under section 504B.271 does not have its traditional meaning. The



                                             7
district court reasoned that property left behind after an eviction is considered abandoned

under the statute because the word abandonment refers to “an event, the occasion when

departure from the premises actually occurs.”        We agree with the district court’s

interpretation of section 504B.271.     Section 504B.271 is incorporated into section

504B.365, which deals with eviction procedures.        A tenant surrenders the premises

involuntarily when evicted. If the term abandon in the statute had its traditional meaning,

a landlord could not dispose of an evicted tenant’s property left in the premises because

the tenant would not have voluntarily surrendered the premises. Such an interpretation

would improperly render a section of the Minnesota Statutes superfluous. See Allan v.

R.D. Offutt Co., 869 N.W.2d 31, 33 (Minn. 2015). The SABC was therefore free to

dispose of the Follises’ property 60 days after they were evicted. The district court

properly applied the law when it ruled that the SABC had complied with section

504B.271 by allowing the Follises 60 days to access their remaining property in the

armory after they had been evicted.

       A landlord who removes a tenant’s property in violation of section 504B.365 is

guilty of an unlawful ouster under section 504B.231. Minn. Stat. § 504B.365, subd. 5.

Because the SABC did not complete an inventory of the Follises’ property required by

section 504B.365, subdivision 3(d), the SABC violated section 504B.365 and was

therefore guilty of an unlawful ouster under section 504B.231.

       Minn. Stat. § 504B.231 addresses what damages a tenant may recover for an

unlawful ouster. The tenant may recover treble damages or $500, whichever is greater.

Minn. Stat. § 504B.231(a). Because there is no genuine issue of material fact concerning


                                            8
the Follises’ actual damages, their only remedy is the $500 statutory penalty. The district

court did not err in applying the law. Summary judgment was appropriate.

                                               II.

         The Follises allege that the district court did not treat them appropriately as pro se

litigants. Without citing any legal authority, the Follises contend that the district court

should have “assisted” them with their case. The Follises’ contention is wrong. District

courts have “a duty to ensure fairness to a pro se litigant by allowing reasonable

accommodation so long as there is no prejudice to the adverse party.” Kasson State Bank

v. Haugen, 410 N.W.2d 392, 395 (Minn. App. 1987). Although courts may make some

accommodation to ensure fairness to a pro se party, “this court has repeatedly emphasized

that pro se litigants are generally held to the same standards as attorneys and must

comply with court rules.” Fizgerald v. Fitzgerald, 629 N.W.2d 115, 119 (Minn. App.

2001).

         The record here demonstrates that the district court properly accommodated the

Follises. The Follises appeared at the summary-judgment hearing without filing any

response to the summary-judgment motion. They asked the district court for time to

respond in writing to the motion, and the district court gave them two weeks. Transcripts

of the hearings demonstrate that the district court was extremely patient with the Follises

and gave them ample opportunity to be heard. This claim is without merit.

         Affirmed.




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