J-S12001-16


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                        IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                          PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellee

                       v.

MARQUIS JACKSON

                            Appellant                    No. 839 EDA 2015


           Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence November 6, 2014
             In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
             Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0005697-2014


BEFORE: MUNDY, J., OLSON, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY MUNDY, J.:                            FILED FEBRUARY 12, 2016

        Appellant, Marquis Jackson, appeals from the November 6, 2014

aggregate judgment of sentence of 18 to 36 months’ imprisonment, imposed

after the trial court convicted him of possession of a small amount of

marijuana and possession of contraband.1        After careful review, we affirm.

        The trial court has set forth the factual history of this case as follows.

                    Correctional Officer Richardson, an employee
              at the Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility (CFCF)
              was working there on February 15, 2014, at
              approximately 9:45 p.m. Officer Richardson and
              Sergeant Christian were in the process of locking
              down their section for the evening when she noticed
              Appellant was outside of his cell after all inmates
____________________________________________


*
    Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1
    35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(1) and 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5123, respectively.
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              were commanded to go to their cells. Appellant then
              retrieved a magazine from underneath the door of
              Cell # 16. Appellant began to walk towards Cell
              # 12,    when    Sergeant    Christian commanded
              Appellant to put the magazine down.           After
              attempting to walk further, Appellant hesitantly
              placed the magazine on a table, which the sergeant
              retrieved.   Sergeant Christian observed that the
              magazine contained a piece of paper, which
              contained a green leafy substance.

                    Officer Richardson transported the substance
              to the Philadelphia Police 15th District headquarters.
              The parties stipulated that the substance was tested
              by the Philadelphia Police chemistry lab, and that the
              substance was positive for marijuana, and weighed
              0.179 grams.

Trial Court Opinion, 4/27/15, at 2 (citations omitted).

       A bench trial was held on November 6, 2014, at the conclusion of

which Appellant was found guilty of the aforementioned offenses. Appellant

was sentenced to 18 to 36 months’ imprisonment, to run concurrent to any

other sentence he was serving.           On November 17, 2014, Appellant filed a

timely post-sentence motion which was denied by operation of law on March

17, 2015. On March 23, 2015, Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal. 2

       On appeal, Appellant raises the following issue for our review.

              Was not the evidence insufficient to prove
              [Appellant] guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of the
              crimes of possession of contraband and possession
              of a small amount of marijuana in that the evidence
              was    insufficient  to   prove   that   [Appellant]
____________________________________________


2
  Appellant and the trial court have complied with Pennsylvania Rule of
Appellate Procedure 1925.



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             intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly possessed a
             controlled substance?

Appellant’s Brief at 3.

      We begin by noting our well-settled standard of review. “In reviewing

the sufficiency of the evidence, we consider whether the evidence presented

at trial, and all reasonable inferences drawn therefrom, viewed in a light

most favorable to the Commonwealth as the verdict winner, support the

[finder-of-fact’s] verdict beyond a reasonable doubt.”    Commonwealth v.

Patterson, 91 A.3d 55, 66 (Pa. 2014) (citation omitted), cert. denied,

Patterson v. Pennsylvania, 135 S. Ct. 1400 (2015). “The Commonwealth

can meet its burden by wholly circumstantial evidence and any doubt about

the defendant’s guilt is to be resolved by the fact finder unless the evidence

is so weak and inconclusive that, as a matter of law, no probability of fact

can be drawn from the combined circumstances.”            Commonwealth v.

Watley, 81 A.3d 108, 113 (Pa. Super. 2013) (en banc) (internal quotation

marks and citation omitted), appeal denied, 95 A.3d 277 (Pa. 2014). As an

appellate court, we must review “the entire record … and all evidence

actually received[.]”     Id. (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

“[T]he trier of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and the

weight of the evidence produced is free to believe all, part or none of the

evidence.”   Commonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 416 (Pa. Super.

2011), appeal denied, 32 A.3d 1275 (Pa. 2011), quoting Commonwealth v.

Jones, 874 A.2d 108, 120–21 (Pa. Super. 2005).           “Because evidentiary

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sufficiency is a question of law, our standard of review is de novo and our

scope of review is plenary.”   Commonwealth v. Diamond, 83 A.3d 119,

126 (Pa. 2013) (citation omitted), cert. denied, Diamond v. Pennsylvania,

135 S. Ct. 145 (2014).

     The statutes prohibiting possession of a small amount of marijuana

and possession of contraband, provide in relevant part, as follows.

           § 780-113. Prohibited acts; penalties

           (a) The following acts and the causing thereof within
           the Commonwealth are hereby prohibited:

                                       …

           (31) Notwithstanding other subsections of this
           section, (i) the possession of a small amount of
           marihuana only for personal use; (ii) the possession
           of a small amount of marihuana with the intent to
           distribute it but not to sell it; or (iii) the distribution
           of a small amount of marihuana but not for sale.

           For purposes of this subsection, thirty (30) grams of
           marihuana or eight (8) grams of hashish shall be
           considered a small amount of marihuana.

                                       …

35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(31).

           § 5123. Contraband

                                       …

           (a.2) Possession of controlled substance
           contraband by inmate prohibited.--A prisoner or
           inmate commits a felony of the second degree if he
           unlawfully has in his possession or under his control
           any controlled substance in violation of section
           13(a)(16) of The Controlled Substance, Drug, Device

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              and Cosmetic Act. For purposes of this subsection,
              no amount shall be deemed de minimis.


                                         …

18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5123 (footnote omitted).

     Instantly, Appellant argues the Commonwealth did not prove beyond a

reasonable doubt that he “knew the magazine he retrieved possessed

marijuana.”    Appellant’s Brief at 9.    Appellant asserts that the “trial court

here inferred that [Appellant] knew he possessed the marijuana because

[Appellant] hesitated to put down the magazine he had retrieved, before

being locked in for the night.”    Id. at 10.     Appellant posits the following

argument as an explanation for his reluctance to obey Sergeant Christian.

              However, an at least equally probable inference is
              that [Appellant] retrieved the magazine despite the
              rule requiring him to go directly to his cell at
              lockdown and despite the rule against receiving an
              item from another inmate at lockdown, and that he
              may have been reluctant to give up the item for
              which he risked breaking the rules, because he
              wished to have reading material before being locked
              in for the night.

Id. at 11 (citation omitted).      Therefore, the only element Appellant is

challenging pertaining to both crimes is his knowledge that he was in

possession of the marijuana.

     Our Supreme Court has held, “[a]n intent to maintain a conscious

dominion may be inferred from the totality of the circumstances.... [and],

circumstantial evidence may be used to establish a defendant’s possession


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of drugs or contraband.” Commonwealth v. Valette, 613 A.2d 548, 549-

550 (Pa. 1992), citing Commonwealth v. Macolino, 469 A.2d 132, 134

(Pa. 1983).    At trial, Corrections Officer (C.O.) Richardson testified to the

events of February 15, 2014, as follows.

              Q. Can you tell His Honor what you observed going
              on on that date?

              A. We were locking the pod down for the evening.
              Me and my partner, my sergeant, I was locking down
              the bottom tier where [Appellant] was being held at
              that time. He walked over to 16 cell. After he was
              told numerous times to go back to his cell, he
              retrieved a magazine from underneath the door at
              16 cell. He started to walk back over to 12 cell
              where he was supposed to be staying at and my
              sergeant told him to put the magazine down.

                    He tried to walk a little further. He then put
              the magazine down on the table. She came down,
              retrieved the magazine and opened the front cover
              and found a leafy substance in the front rolled up in
              a piece of paper in the front of the magazine.

N.T., 11/6/14, at 4-5.       He further testified that protocol required he

personally deliver the substance to the Philadelphia 15th District Northeast

Detectives.    Id. at 17.   A stipulation was subsequently entered that the

substance was taken to Northeast Detectives, then to the Philadelphia Chem

Lab, where the substance tested positive as .179 grams of marijuana. Id. at

25.




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       Sergeant Christian also testified to her recollection of the incident. 3

                     That night I went on the pod to observe the
              officers put the pod down and to secure it for the
              night, and this young man right here was in 11 cell
              at the time. Instead of him going to 11 cell, he went
              to 16 cell and after several - - telling him several
              times to go to 11 cell where he belonged, he insisted
              on getting his magazine that he said he left that one
              of the inmates had in the cell. So instead of him
              going to his cell, one of the inmates in 16 cell slid his
              magazine underneath the door. So when he picked
              it up, I advised him to put the magazine on his table
              - - on the table and continue to go to his cell, which
              was 11 cell.

Id. at 19.

       Viewing     the    evidence     in      the   light   most   favorable   to   the

Commonwealth, and bearing in mind that the Commonwealth can meet its

burden by wholly circumstantial evidence, we conclude the Commonwealth

proved Appellant knowingly possessed contraband, to wit, a small amount of

marijuana. See Watley, supra. As the finder of fact, the trial court was

free to make inferences from the testimony presented, and therefore we

conclude the Commonwealth produced sufficient evidence of intent to

sustain the possession of a small amount of marijuana and possession of

contraband convictions. See Diamond, supra.


____________________________________________


3
  We note that C.O. Richardson testified that Appellant belonged in cell #12
and Sergeant Christian testified that he belonged in cell #11. This factual
discrepancy was not challenged at trial, nor is it material to the resolution of
the instant appeal.



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     Based on the foregoing, we conclude Appellant’s issue is devoid of

merit. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s November 6, 2014 judgment

of sentence.

     Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 2/12/2016




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