                                                             FILiX-
                                                    COURT OF APPEALS UIV i
                                                     STATE OF WASH'HGTCH

                                                     2QI3MAR -U AH 10= 39




             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON



STATE OF WASHINGTON,                               NO. 67647-4-

                     Respondent,                   DIVISION ONE

                     v.



TERRY JOE FLETCHER,                                UNPUBLISHED OPINION

                     Appellant.                    FILED: March 4, 2013




       Lau, J. — Terry Fletcher appeals a restitution order following his guilty plea for

two counts of first degree theft. He argues the trial court abused its discretion when it

ordered restitution in an amount unsupported by substantial evidence. Finding no error,

we affirm.

                                           FACTS


       In June 2010, Terry Fletcher pleaded guilty to two counts of first degree theft. As

part of the plea agreement, Fletcher stipulated that the facts set forth in the certification

for determination of probable cause were real and material facts for sentencing

purposes and acknowledged that the State would be seeking restitution from him.
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       The certification for determination of probable cause establishes the following

facts. In 2007, Fletcher presented himself as the general contractor and registered

owner of Northwest Construction and HVAC Company and contracted to perform over

$400,000 of construction work for Southside Church of Christ (SCC). Between April

2007 and August 2008, SCC paid Northwest Construction and HVAC Company

$197,183.26 in checks. SCC also wrote joint checks to Northwest Construction and

HVAC Company and various suppliers for $201,739.58.

       Herman Snoddy, an elder at SCC, told special agent Frank Fulton that Fletcher

"either did poor quality work or did not work at all for some of the money paid to him

under the name of Northwest Construction and HVAC Co." Fulton also discovered that


Fletcher collected over $35,000 in retail sales tax for the SCC work and never remitted

that sales tax to the Washington Department of Revenue as required by law. Further

investigation revealed that Northwest Construction and HVAC Company was dissolved

in May 2007 and, thus, Fletcher was unlawfully acting as the agent of an invalid

corporation.

       In his guilty plea agreement, Fletcher also agreed to pay restitution "in full to the

victim(s) on [the] charged counts" and to pay restitution "to [SCC] for all losses related

to unfinished + inadequate construction work." The court sentenced Fletcher to

concurrent 12-month sentences in the King County work/education release program

and ordered him to pay restitution as determined at a future hearing.
67647-4-1/3



       Several interim hearings1 and the State's restitution submissions elicited the

following additional information. SCC hired Merit Mechanical to complete Fletcher's

unfinished and inadequate construction work. Merit Mechanical indicated it received

$138,009 as payment for completing Fletcher's unfinished work and for repairing

inadequate work.2 SCC's records indicated it paid Merit Mechanical over $185,000. At
the final restitution hearing, the trial court noted the discrepancy between Merit

Mechanical's statement and the amount SCC claimed it paid and took "the conservative

approach," ordering $138,000 in restitution for the amount SCC paid to Merit

Mechanical. RP (Aug. 3, 2011) at 21. The court also ordered restitution for "the

amounts claimed for the vendors where there is actual documentation."3 RP (Aug. 3,

2011) at 22. The State and the defense provided the court with an agreed total

restitution amount of $149,502.35, with the exact dollar figure supplied by defense

counsel on the record. The court entered an order for that amount.




      1The trial court held several postsentencing hearings. The final restitution
hearing was postponed several times to allow the parties more time to gather evidence.
       2The State submitted Merit Mechanical's project description. According to the
description, SCC hired Merit Mechanical to complete "the mechanical installation that
had not been finished." Appellant's Br. at App. B. SCC also asked Merit Mechanical to
correct and repair improper or inadequate construction done by "[t]he previous
contractor [Fletcher]." Appellant's Br. at App. B. Merit Mechanical "performed the work
on the original portion including repairs to the existing equipment and added
refrigeration piping in the amount of $138,009.00." Appellant's Br. at App. B.

     3 These amounts included two documented expenses for QuickTin Inc., two
documented expenses for Thrifty Supply, and one documented expense for Johnson-
Barrow Inc.
67647-4-1/4



                                         ANALYSIS

       Fletcher contends the trial court's restitution order was not supported by

substantial evidence because the State failed to prove a causal connection between

SCC's expenses and Fletcher's incomplete or inadequate construction work. The State

counters that the restitution award was causally connected to Fletcher's crimes and

supported by substantial evidence.

       The trial court's power to impose restitution is derived solely from statute. State

v. Enstone. 137 Wn.2d 675, 682, 974 P.2d 828 (1999). Where the trial court has

authority to order restitution, it has discretion to determine the amount of restitution.

State v. Davison. 116 Wn.2d 917, 919, 809 P.2d 1374(1991). Its decision will be

overturned only for an abuse of discretion. Davison, 116 Wn.2d at 919. A court abuses

its discretion when the restitution decision is "'manifestly unreasonable, or exercised on

untenable grounds, or for untenable reasons.'" Enstone, 137 Wn.2d at 679-80 (internal

quotation marks omitted) (quoting State v. Cunningham. 96 Wn.2d 31, 34, 633 P.2d 886

(1981)).

       RCW 9.94A.753(5) provides, "Restitution shall be ordered whenever the offender

is convicted of an offense which results in injury to any person or damage to or loss of

property . . .." Costs that a victim incurs as the result of a defendant's crimes have

been determined a loss of property under the restitution statute. State v. Tobin, 161

Wn.2d 517, 526-27, 166 P.3d 1167 (2007). "There must be a causal connection

between the damages claimed and the crime charged. The Court of Appeals has

required only a determination that "but for" the crime, the damages would not have
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occurred, and we have made it clear that foreseeability is not required." Tobin, 161

Wn.2d at 527.

       "If a defendant disputes the restitution amount, the State must prove the

damages by a preponderance of the evidence." State v. Griffith, 164 Wn.2d 960, 965,

195 P.3d 506 (2008). The amount of restitution must be based on "easily ascertainable"

damages. RCW 9.94A.753(3). Easily ascertainable damages are tangible damages

supported by sufficient evidence. State v. Tobin. 132 Wn. App. 161, 173, 130 P.3d 426

(2006), affd, 161 Wn.2d 517, 166 P.3d 1167 (2007). Once the State establishes the

fact of damage, "the amount need not be shown with mathematical certainty." State v.

Mark, 36 Wn. App. 428, 434, 675 P.2d 1250 (1984). While certainty of damages need

not be proved with specific accuracy, the evidence must be sufficient to provide a

reasonable basis for estimating loss. State v. Pollard, 66 Wn. App. 779, 785, 834 P.3d

51 (1992). Evidence that subjects the trier of fact to speculation or conjecture is

insufficient. Pollard, 66 Wn. App. at 785.

       Fletcher cites State v. Dennis, 101 Wn. App. 223, 6 P.3d 1173 (2000), and State

v. Bunner, 86 Wn. App. 158, 936 P.2d 419 (1997), for the proposition that "[t]he mere

existence of a list of expenses is insufficient to establish the necessary causal

connection." Appellant's Br. at 8. Those cases are distinguishable. In Dennis, the

defendant was convicted of assaulting three police officers. Dennis, 101 Wn. App. at

225. The trial court ordered him to pay restitution for two of the officers' injuries.

Dennis, 101 Wn. App. at 225. The only evidence the State presented regarding one of

the officers indicated that the officer was treated at a hospital for injuries on an unknown

date, incurring $180.94 in expenses. Dennis, 101 Wn. App. at 228. We accepted the
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State's concession that the evidence failed to establish a causal connection as to that

officer. Dennis, 101 Wn. App. at 228.

       In Bunner, the defendant was convicted of second degree rape of a child and

ordered to pay restitution for the child's injuries. Bunner, 86 Wn. App. at 159. The sole

evidence produced at the restitution hearing was a medical recovery report listing

medical services charged and amounts the State had paid for those services. Bunner.

86 Wn. App. at 159. The State conceded this evidence was insufficient to establish a

causal connection between the crime and the victim's damages. Bunner, 86 Wn. App.

at 159. But the State argued we should consider on appeal a presentence investigation

report (PSI) that it failed to present to the trial court at the restitution hearing. Bunner,

86 Wn. App. at 159. We declined to consider the PSI because it was not presented

below, and we reversed the trial court's restitution award because, by the State's own

concession, the medical report was "insufficient to connect the costs incurred with the

crime." Bunner, 86 Wn. App. at 162.

       Unlike in Dennis and Bunner, here, the evidence consisted of more than a mere

list of expenses. As discussed above, Fletcher pleaded guilty to the crimes "as charged

in the ... 1st amended information." He admitted that he "did take property from [SCC]

by color and aid of deception with the intent to deprive them of their property. The

property was worth over $1500." In the felony plea agreement, Fletcher stipulated to

the facts set forth in the certification for determination of probable cause, including the

fact that he either performed poor quality work or failed to work at all for some of the

money SCC paid him. The State thus established the fact of damage—meaning "the

amount need not be shown with mathematical certainty." Mark, 36 Wn. App. at 434.
67647-4-1/7



       Fletcher expressly agreed to pay restitution "in full" to the victims, including

restitution to SCC "for all losses related to unfinished + inadequate construction work."

In ordering restitution, the trial court considered documentation from SCC, Merit

Mechanical, and various other vendors. Merit Mechanical's project description detailed

the $138,009 it received from SCC for "completing] the mechanical installation that had

not been finished," including repairing Fletcher's inadequate work. Appellant's Br. at

App. B. This documentation and Fletcher's plea agreement support the court's

restitution order. The court expressly declined to order any amount SCC requested that

was undocumented or unsupported.

       The certification for determination of probable cause and the facts elicited at the

restitution hearing provided the trial court with a reasonable basis for awarding

restitution. The trial court did not abuse its discretion when it ordered Fletcher to pay

$149,502.35 in restitution to reimburse SCC and various vendors for losses resulting

from his incomplete or inadequate construction work.

                                       CONCLUSION

       Because the State presented sufficient evidence to support the restitution order,

the trial court did not abuse its discretion in awarding restitution. We affirm.




WE CONCUR:




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