Filed 10/28/13 In re Tatyana S. CA2/8
                  NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
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              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                     SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                 DIVISION EIGHT


In re TATYANA S., a Person Coming                                    B246604
Under the Juvenile Court Law.

LOS ANGELES COUNTY                                                   (Los Angeles County
DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND                                           Super. Ct. No. CK94693)
FAMILY SERVICES,

         Plaintiff and Respondent,

         v.

VERNA N.,

         Defendant and Appellant.



         APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County.
Sherri Sobel, Referee. Affirmed

         Linda Rehm, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Appellant Verna N.

         Julie E. Braden, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Minor Tatyana S.


                                     _____________________________
         Verna N. (Mother) challenges the juvenile court‘s finding that her daughter,
Tatyana S., is a child described by Welfare and Institutions Code section 300, subdivision
(b).1 Mother asserts there was insufficient evidence to support the juvenile court‘s order
sustaining the allegations that Tatyana is at substantial risk of harm due to exposure to
Mother‘s violent relationship with her husband and due to the husband‘s alcohol and drug
abuse. We find substantial evidence supports the finding that Tatyana is at risk as a result
of her exposure to Mother‘s violent relationship. The jurisdictional order is affirmed.
                                          FACTS
       Tatyana was born to Mother and James S. in 2003. Mother has three other
children: an adult daughter living with her husband in Arizona and two teenage sons
living in Victorville with their father, Steven W. A juvenile dependency petition under
sections 300, subdivisions (a) and (b) was filed on July 23, 2012, alleging that eight-year
old Tatyana had suffered or there was a substantial risk that she will suffer serious
physical harm as a result of the violent altercations between Mother and her husband,
Gilbert R. The petition further alleged that Gilbert2 abuses drugs and alcohol, placing
Tatyana at substantial risk of harm.
       The Los Angeles Department of Children and Family Services (Department)
received a referral on July 18, 2012, that Gilbert came home intoxicated and became
violent. A caseworker interviewed Mother, Tatyana and Gilbert at their home at
10:00 p.m. that night. All three confirmed that Gilbert and Mother had an altercation on
July 17, 2012, shortly before they were to attend a Dodgers game. Gilbert, who had been
drinking, slapped Mother on her lip in Tatyana‘s presence. Tatyana began to hit him with
a shoe because she wanted him to stop. Gilbert and Mother confirmed that they fight
often but denied that Tatyana witnessed these fights. Tatyana, however, reported that
Mother and Gilbert yell and scream often and say bad words to each other. She does not
like when Gilbert drinks because ―he turns into something else, and he is mad.‖ There


1
      All further section references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code unless
otherwise specified.

2
       For convenience, we will refer to all parties by their first name unless otherwise
noted. We do not intend any disrespect by doing so.

                                             2
were no marks or bruises on Tatyana. She stated that she felt safe and there was enough
food in the house.
       Mother acknowledged a history of abusive relationships with four or five different
men, including Tatyana‘s father, James. She also reported her father sexually abused her
when she was a child. Mother admitted Gilbert called her names, including, ―whore,
cunt, bitch and slut.‖ Mother recalled an incident in April 2012 when Gilbert was high
on cocaine and pushed her. He also kicked her during Tatyana‘s birthday party last year
and left a permanent scar on her arm. The caseworker confirmed there was a mark on
Mother‘s arm. Mother denied Tatyana witnessed any of these events. The caseworker
noted she did not see any marks on Mother as a result of the most recent altercation.
Mother said she intended to move to Arizona to live with her adult daughter by August 3
as a result of her problems with Gilbert.
       Gilbert admitted to the case worker that he pushed Mother, which probably caused
her lip to swell. Tatyana witnessed it and hit him on his back with a shoe. Gilbert
blamed Mother for initiating their frequent conflicts. He reported she hit him two months
ago with her cane. Both Mother and Gilbert admitted past use of meth and cocaine but
denied any current use. Mother moved out of the home that night into her aunt‘s house in
Pico Rivera. Her aunt stated she could stay for a month. Mother completed a drug test
the following day. The results were negative.
       Mother and her children have a history of encounters with the Department,
primarily as a result of Mother‘s abusive relationships with men. A referral in November
2003 was substantiated for physical abuse of Joshua3 by his father. Another referral in
December 2003 was substantiated for caretaker absence and incapacity of Joshua and
Lorenzo. The referral resulted from Lorenzo, who was age four at the time, exhibiting
violent behavior, including cursing, yelling, threatening to kill himself and stating that he
hated his parents. On December 28, 2003, Steven became so angry with Lorenzo that he
tried to choke him. Two other referrals in 2004 and three in 2007 against Mother and


3
       Joshua and Lorenzo are Mother‘s teenage sons living with their father, Steven W.

                                              3
Tatyana‘s father, James, for abuse or neglect were determined to be unfounded or
inconclusive.
       At the detention hearing, the juvenile court found a prima facie case had been
made to establish Tatyana as a dependent of the court under section 300, subdivisions (a)
and (b). Tatyana was released to Mother‘s care and the Department was ordered to
provide family maintenance services. Mother was also ordered to a drug treatment
program with random testing, individual counseling and domestic violence counseling.
Tatyana was ordered to individual counseling. The juvenile court also issued a temporary
restraining order against Gilbert on July 23, 2012, restricting his access to Mother and
Tatyana. At the August 13, 2012 hearing, Gilbert appeared along with Mother and
James. No permanent restraining order was issued against Gilbert at that hearing.
       Later, Mother told the caseworker that she and Gilbert were pressured into making
the admissions in the detention report because the caseworker threatened to remove
Tatyana from her care. Mother believed ―that if she did not act like there was on-going
domestic violence between [her] and [Gilbert,] she would look as if she was not being
protective of the child. Thus, she made things up to include saying father hit her on the
lip, that he has always beat her, etc. However, the mother denies that there has been on-
going domestic violence between her and [Gilbert].‖ Mother explained that Gilbert had a
stroke and was forced to stay home. As a result, Mother and Gilbert were not getting
along. She felt she and Gilbert needed some time away from one another. Prior to the
incident at issue, Mother decided to move in with her older daughter in Arizona until her
daughter‘s husband returned from Afghanistan at the beginning of the year.
       Mother explained that she did not get a swollen lip from Gilbert hitting her.
Instead, he had been upset because he had just given his daughter $20 despite having
financial difficulties. Mother then asked for another $20 to go to the Dodger game with
Tatyana. They fought over how much Gilbert had to drink that day and how loud he was
playing his music. They then engaged in a tugging match over Mother‘s purse. The
purse strap hit Mother in the lip, causing it to swell.



                                               4
       In an August 20, 2012 jurisdictional and dispositional report, the Department
reported an interview with Tatyana‘s current therapist, Sarah Munoz. Sarah had been
seeing Tatyana since the beginning of August 2012. Sarah spoke to Tatyana‘s previous
therapist, who had been seeing her at home on a weekly basis since April 2012. She
conducted weekly sessions with Tatyana and some family sessions with Mother and
Gilbert. The prior therapist made the referral to the Department after Mother asked her
for referrals for domestic violence counseling in Arizona. Mother told the therapist about
the incident with Gilbert. Although she made the referral, the therapist did not indicate
any concern about ongoing domestic violence in the home. As a result of her
conversation with the therapist and her review of the case file, Sarah concluded that the
family seemed ―to be workable with regard to in-home services with Mother‘s husband
Gilbert . . . being in the home. Sarah indicated that there did not appear to be any
evidence of any on-going domestic violence in the home.‖
       Gilbert‘s daughter, Faith, reported that she was unaware of any domestic violence
in the home but felt that any problems in the home were Mother‘s fault. The Department
concluded in its August 20, 2012 report that the family required intervention though it
believed the level of intervention services did not require court supervision. The family
had indicated they were willing to accept voluntary family services and the Department
requested the juvenile court dismiss the petition without prejudice.
       In an October 2, 2012 report, the Department confirmed that Tatyana and Mother
had moved back to their home and Gilbert had moved out. The Department also noted
that Gilbert had posted a negative drug test on September 4, 21012. The Department‘s
investigation showed Gilbert had been arrested on May 9, 2004, for driving while under
the influence of alcohol and drugs. The Department also received three letters from
Tatyana‘s prior teachers and school superintendent indicating they had positive
experiences with Mother and Gilbert with regard to Tatyana‘s educational needs. The
Department again recommended the juvenile court dismiss the petition without prejudice
and the family receive voluntary family maintenance services.



                                             5
       At the October 2, 2012 jurisdictional hearing, the juvenile court sustained the
allegations made under b-1 and b-2. It found Tatyana a dependent of the court. Tatyana
was ordered to be placed in Mother‘s home with the condition that Gilbert stay out of the
home. Mother filed an application for rehearing and order under section 252 on October
12, 2012, on the ground that the juvenile court denied Mother the right to address the
court or argue her position at the jurisdictional hearing.
       The juvenile court granted Mother‘s motion for rehearing and set aside the
findings and orders it made on October 2, 2012. At the hearing, both Gilbert and Mother
testified. Gilbert denied hitting Mother and stated he was willing to do whatever was
necessary to be with his family. Mother recanted her previous statement about domestic
violence and asserted that Tatyana did not witness any of their arguments. The juvenile
court found Tatyana a dependent of the court under section 300(b) and allowed Gilbert
monitored visits. The juvenile court explained, ―I have seven priors on this family.
Seven priors on Alexis. Different child than Tatyana. Seven priors on Alexis. I have the
report from the mother. Father came home . . . intoxicated. I think she meant stepfather.
Became violent, kicked her from behind, pushed her on the bed, covered her mouth to
prevent her from talking or shouting. Mother got a swollen lip. And it happened in the
presence of Tatyana. The reporting party states that the child started throwing shoes and
other stuff at the father to get him to stop. Mother did not call law enforcement. Child
reported dad hit mom only once and it happened only one time. She witnessed the father,
the person she calls dad—that‘s [Gilbert]—slap the mother on her lip, where she
intervened by hitting [Gilbert] with a shoe. Dad—Child stated dad was drinking before it
happened and she does not like when he drinks because he turns into something else and
he‘s mad. Child reported, mom and dad yell and scream often and say bad words to each
other. She feels sad when they do it. Mom smokes cigarettes. Dad drinks and smokes
cigarettes . . . and it goes on and on and on and on. [¶] And, you know, here we sit here
today. I think the Department‘s lost its mind. I really do . . .‖
       Mother filed a timely notice of appeal.



                                              6
                                        DISCUSSION
       On appeal, Mother asserts there was insufficient evidence supporting the juvenile
court‘s jurisdictional finding. Mother relies on the Department‘s conclusion that the
family did not require court supervision. The Department‘s investigation showed there
was no evidence that Tatyana was at current or future risk of harm at the time of the
jurisdictional hearing as there was no ongoing domestic violence in the home. Instead,
there was only one incident when Gilbert slapped Mother. We disagree. Substantial
evidence supports the juvenile court‘s jurisdictional finding.
       At the jurisdictional hearing, the juvenile court determines whether the allegations
in the petition that the minor comes within section 300 – and therefore within the
juvenile court‘s jurisdiction – are true. The court‘s jurisdictional findings must be based
on a preponderance of the evidence. (See § 355.) A child may be considered a
dependent of the court if ―[t]he child has suffered, or there is a substantial risk that the
child will suffer, serious physical harm or illness, as a result of the failure or inability of
his or her parent or guardian to adequately supervise or protect the child . . . The child
shall continue to be a dependent child pursuant to this subdivision only so long as is
necessary to protect the child from risk of suffering serious physical harm or illness.‖
(§ 300, subd. (b).) ―While evidence of past conduct may be probative of current
conditions, the question under section 300 is whether circumstances at the time of the
hearing subject the minor to the defined risk of harm.‖ (In re Rocco M. (1991) 1
Cal.App.4th 814, 824, italics omitted.) Thus previous acts of neglect, standing alone, do
not establish a substantial risk of harm; there must be some reason beyond mere
speculation to believe they will reoccur. (Ibid.; In re Steve W. (1990) 217 Cal.App.3d 10,
22.)
       The substantial evidence test is the appropriate standard of review for
jurisdictional findings by the juvenile court. (In re Kristin H. (1996) 46 Cal.App.4th
1635, 1654; In re P.A. (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 1339, 1344.) The term ―substantial
evidence‖ means such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind would accept as adequate
to support a conclusion; it is evidence which is reasonable in nature, credible, and of solid

                                               7
value. (In re J.K. (2009) 174 Cal.App.4th 1426, 1433.) In determining whether
substantial evidence supports the findings, we view the evidence in the light most
favorable to the findings, noting that questions of fact and credibility are the exclusive
province of the juvenile court. (In re Ricardo L. (2003) 109 Cal.App.4th 552, 564; In re
Tania S. (1992) 5 Cal.App.4th 728, 733.) We do not reweigh the evidence or exercise
our independent judgment. (In re Ricardo L., supra, at p. 564; In re Matthew S. (1988)
201 Cal.App.3d 315, 321.)
       Here, the juvenile court found true two allegations under section 300,
subdivision (b):
       ―b-1 [¶] The child Tatyana[‗s] mother, Verna [N.] and mother‘s male companion,
       Gilbert [R.] have a history of engaging in violent altercations. On 7/17/12, the
       male companion slapped the mother‘s face resulting in a swollen lip in the child‘s
       home, in the presence of the child. The male companion pushed the mother. On a
       prior occasion the male companion kicked the mother‘s arm, inflicting a
       permanent scar to the mother‘s arm. On a prior occasion, the male companion
       pushed the mother. The mother threw a beer can at the male companion. On a
       prior occasion the mother, struck the male companion‘s head with a cane. The
       mother failed to protect the child by allowing the male companion to reside in the
       child‘s home and have unlimited access to the child. Such violent conduct on the
       part of the male companion against the mother and the mother‘s failure to protect
       the child endangers the child‘s physical health and safety and places the child at
       risk of physical harm, damage, danger and failure to protect.
       ―b-2 [¶] The child Tatyana[‗s] mother, Verna [N.] placed the child in a detrimental
       and endangering home environment in that the mother allowed the mother‘s male
       companion, Gilbert [R.], who mother knew is a current abuser of cocaine and
       alcohol and was under the influence of cocaine and alcohol in the child‘s presence
       to reside in the child‘s home and have unlimited access to the child. Such a
       detrimental and endangering home environment established for the child by the



                                              8
       mother endangers the child‘s physical health and safety placing the child at risk of
       physical harm, damage and danger.‖
       Substantial evidence supports the juvenile court‘s findings as to the allegations
contained in b-1. It is undisputed that Mother and Gilbert engaged in an altercation on
July 17, 2012, that resulted in Mother having a swollen lip. The fight they had was
enough to cause Tatyana, an eight-year-old, to intervene by hitting Gilbert with her shoe.
Although both Mother and Gilbert recanted this version of events in their testimony at the
jurisdictional hearing, it is apparent the juvenile court did not believe them. (In re
Ricardo L., supra, 109 Cal.App.4th at p. 564 [credibility determinations for trier of fact].)
Moreover, Tatyana confirmed that Gilbert slapped Mother on the lip.
       It is also undisputed that Mother and Gilbert have had previous violent
altercations. Mother hit Gilbert on the head with her cane. Gilbert kicked her on the arm.
Tatyana has heard Gilbert calling Mother derogatory names and has witnessed their
frequent fights. Despite these issues, Mother does not recognize that her relationship
with Gilbert may be harmful to Tatyana. Even when their fight on July 17 resulted in a
swollen lip, she failed to call the police. Mother has acknowledged being in previous
violent relationships and abuse by her father. Mother also knew that she and Tatyana
should move out. Yet, she never did. Although she left to stay with her aunt after her
interview with the caseworker, Mother very soon moved back into the home and
continued to advocate for Gilbert to return to the home.
       There is no evidence that Mother has received any domestic violence treatment or
counseling despite being ordered to do so by the juvenile court. Sarah Munoz, Tatyana‘s
therapist, indicated she provided Mother with 15 minutes of ―collateral services‖ during
Tatyana‘s psychotherapy sessions. Sarah recommended individual therapy for Mother
and family therapy once a month for Mother and Tatyana. Mother‘s violent relationship
with Gilbert, coupled with Mother‘s history and failure to seek help, constitute substantial
evidence supporting a finding under b-1.




                                              9
       Mother also contends that there is not sufficient evidence to support the
finding under b-2 that Tatyana is at risk because Gilbert is a current abuser of drugs and
alcohol. We need not reach this issue. Jurisdiction was properly taken under the
allegations in b-1, as discussed above, and Tatyana was properly declared a dependent of
the juvenile court on that basis.
                                     DISPOSITION
       The juvenile court‘s order taking jurisdiction over Tatyana under section 300,
subdivision (b) is affirmed.




                                                        BIGELOW, P. J.
We concur:


              RUBIN, J.




              GRIMES, J.




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