                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 15-0173
                             Filed December 9, 2015


IN RE THE MARRIAGE OF KOURTNEY ANNE MAUER
AND KYLE LAWRENCE MAUER

Upon the Petition of
KOURTNEY ANNE MAUER,
n/k/a KOURTNEY ANNE MEISTER,
       Petitioner-Appellee,

And Concerning
KYLE LAWRENCE MAUER,
     Respondent-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Bremer County, Rustin T.

Davenport, Judge.



      A father appeals the district court ruling denying his request to modify the

provision of the parties’ dissolution decree granting the mother physical care of

the parties’ child. AFFIRMED.



      Heidi Young and Benjamin D. Bergmann of Parrish Kruidenier Dunn Boles

Gribble Gentry Brown & Bergmann, L.L.P., Des Moines, for appellant.

      Heather A. Prendergast of Roberts, Stevens, Prendergast & Guthrie,

P.L.L.C., Waterloo, for appellee.



      Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., Mahan, S.J.,* and Scott, S.J.*

      *Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 (2015).
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MAHAN, Senior Judge.

      Kyle Mauer appeals the district court ruling denying his request to modify

the provision of the parties’ dissolution decree granting Kourtney Meister,

formerly known as Kourtney Mauer, physical care of the parties’ child. On our de

novo review of the record, we affirm the court’s decision. We determine Kyle

should pay $1500 of Kourtney’s appellate attorney fees.

      I. Background Facts & Proceedings.

      Kyle and Kourtney were previously married. They are the parents of a

child, who was born in 2008. The parties entered into a stipulation agreeing to

joint legal custody, with physical care awarded to Kourtney. Kyle was granted

reasonable and liberal visitation and ordered to pay child support. The parties’

stipulation was approved by the district court and incorporated into a dissolution

decree issued on March 4, 2013.

      At the time of the dissolution, both parties lived near Denver, Iowa. In

March 2014, Kourtney informed Kyle she planned to move to Gaylord,

Minnesota, about 200 miles away.       On April 16, 2014, Kyle filed a petition

seeking to modify the physical care provision of the dissolution decree.       He

claimed Kourtney’s proposed move was a substantial change in circumstances.

      A modification hearing was held on November 8, 2014. Kyle was then

twenty-nine years old. He recently purchased a home in Sumner, Iowa, and

purchased an interest in a meat locker business there. Kyle stated he previously

had substance abuse problems that led to criminal problems. He testified he quit

smoking marijuana in December 2013 and quit drinking alcohol in March 2014.

Kyle attended weekly Alcoholics Anonymous meetings. Kyle was on probation
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for a charge of second-degree burglary, but testified he expected to be

discharged from probation soon.

      Kourtney was twenty-five years old at the time of the hearing. At the time

of the dissolution Kourtney was attending Northeast Iowa Community College. In

December 2013 she obtained associate degrees in dairy science technology and

agricultural business.    She obtained a job with AgriNews as a sales

representative.   Kourtney and the child moved to Gaylord in May 2014.

Kourtney’s boyfriend, Dan Brasch, owns a dairy farm near Gaylord in Brownton.

Kourtney stated she occasionally smoked marijuana prior to moving to

Minnesota.

      The district court issued a decision on December 31, 2014, denying Kyle’s

request to modify the decree.     The court found that while Kourtney’s move

constituted a substantial change in circumstances, Kyle had not shown he could

minister more effectively to the child’s well-being.    The court modified the

visitation schedule to give Kyle alternating weekends, alternating holidays, and

six weeks in the summer. The court also modified Kyle’s child support obligation.

The court determined each party should pay his or her own trial attorney fees.

      Kyle appealed the district court’s decision. After the case was assigned to

the court of appeals, Kyle filed a motion for limited remand. He claimed he

became aware after the modification hearing that the child would ride the school

bus to Dan’s farm after school, where she was usually unsupervised.              We

granted the motion for limited remand on this single issue. A hearing on remand

was held on November 6, 2015.        The district court determined that on one

occasion the child came home from school and Dan was either in the barn or
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elsewhere in the house, and she did not see him for about ten minutes. The

court concluded the child was not left without adult supervision at Dan’s farm

when she came home from school. The court concluded there was no reason to

change its ruling from December 31, 2014.

       II. Standard of Review.

       In this equity action, our review is de novo. See Iowa R. App. P. 6.907. In

equity cases, we give weight to the fact findings of the district court, especially on

credibility issues, but we are not bound by the court’s findings. Iowa R. App.

P. 6.904(3)(g).   In our de novo review, we examine the entire record and

adjudicate anew rights on the issues properly presented. See In re Marriage of

Ales, 592 N.W.2d 698, 702 (Iowa Ct. App. 1999).

       III. Physical Care.

       Kyle contends the district court should have modified the parties’

dissolution decree to place the child in his physical care. He points out that

under Iowa Code section 598.21D (2013), Kourtney’s move of more than 150

miles to Gaylord should be considered a substantial change in circumstances.

Kyle asserts it would be more beneficial to the child to remain in the Bremer

County area, where she had lived her entire life.          He states that both his

extended family and Kourtney’s extended family live in the area.          He claims

Kourtney moved to Gaylord to be close to her boyfriend, Dan, and disputes her

assertion she moved because of her employment.

       A party seeking to modify a physical care provision in a dissolution decree

must show there has been a substantial change in circumstances since the time

of the decree, not contemplated by the court at the time the decree was entered,
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which makes it in the child’s best interests to modify the decree. In re Marriage

of Frederici, 338 N.W.2d 156, 158 (Iowa 1983). The change in circumstances

must be more or less permanent and relate to the welfare of the child. In re

Marriage of Malloy, 687 N.W.2d 110, 113 (Iowa Ct. App. 2004). A party seeking

a modification must also show an ability to minister more effectively to the child’s

well-being. In re Marriage of Thielges, 623 N.W.2d 232, 235 (Iowa Ct. App.

2000).

         “The heavy burden upon a party seeking to modify custody stems from the

principle that once custody of children has been fixed it should be disturbed only

for the most cogent reasons.” Frederici, 338 N.W.2d at 158. “The trial court has

reasonable discretion in determining whether modification is warranted and that

discretion will not be disturbed on appeal unless there is a failure to do equity.”

In re Marriage of Erickson, 491 N.W.2d 799, 802 (Iowa Ct. App. 1992).

         We conclude Kyle has not met his heavy burden to establish he can

minister more effectively to the child’s needs. See In re Marriage of Grantham,

698 N.W.2d 140, 146 (Iowa 2005). The district court was able to observe the

parties at the modification hearing and the remand hearing, and concluded on

both occasions the child should remain in Kourtney’s care. The court found that

although Kyle had taken steps to address his past problems, “There has not

been a long enough period of time to conclude that [Kyle] has matured and is

able to provide superior care to [the child].” The court also found, “There is not

any indication that [the child] is not thriving with [Kourtney] as the primary care

provider.” We also note Kyle was granted liberal visitation and conclude the child

will have adequate opportunity to spend time with extended family members.
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       We affirm the court’s decision denying Kyle’s request to modify the

physical care provisions of the dissolution decree.

       IV. Attorney Fees.

       Kourtney requests appellate attorney fees.          She filed an affidavit

requesting $5983.26 in appellate attorney fees. After the remand hearing she

filed a request for an additional $3500. We have broad discretion in awarding

appellate attorney fees. In re Marriage of Okland, 699 N.W.2d 260, 270 (Iowa

2005). An award of appellate attorney fees is based upon the needs of the party

seeking the award, the ability of the other party to pay, and the relative merits of

the appeal. In re Marriage of Berning, 745 N.W.2d 90, 94 (Iowa Ct. App. 2007).

We conclude Kyle should pay $1500 toward Kourtney’s appellate attorney fees.

       We affirm the decision of the district court.

       AFFIRMED.
