                      NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
  UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                  AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.




                                     IN THE
              ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
                                 DIVISION ONE


                             In Re The Marriage Of

           JENNIFER MARIE THORNBURG, Petitioner/Appellant,

                                         v.

      RODNEY MCDOWELL THORNBURG, II, Respondent/Appellee.

                            No. 1 CA-CV 18-0750 FC
                              FILED 11-19-2019


            Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
                           No. FC2017-090742
                 The Honorable Joshua D. Rogers, Judge

                                   AFFIRMED


                                    COUNSEL

Alongi Law Firm, P.L.L.C., Phoenix
By Thomas P. Alongi
Counsel for Petitioner/Appellant

Novo Law Firm, Chandler
By Caitlin L. Andrade
Co-Counsel for Respondent/Appellee

Hall Underwood, P.L.L.C., Scottsdale
By Jay J. Hall, Emi Koyama
Co-Counsel for Respondent/Appellee
                     THORNBURG v. THORNBURG
                        Decision of the Court



                      MEMORANDUM DECISION

Presiding Judge Kenton D. Jones delivered the decision of the Court, in
which Judge James B. Morse Jr. and Judge Diane M. Johnsen joined.


J O N E S, Judge:

¶1           Jennifer Thornburg (Mother) appeals the family court’s post-
decree orders: (1) denying her petition to modify parenting time and (2)
awarding attorneys’ fees to Rodney Thornburg, II (Father). For the
following reasons, we affirm.

                    FACTS & PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2             In March 2017, Mother petitioned for dissolution of her
marriage to Father. In her petition, Mother requested the family court grant
her sole legal decision-making authority over the parties’ four minor
children (the Children), who ranged in age from three to nine, and restrict
Father’s parenting time. At the September 2017 evidentiary hearing,
Mother alleged her requests were warranted because Father had (1) struck
their eldest child (R.) “with a stool in June 2016,” and (2) “forced himself
upon Mother.” Father denied these allegations, and the parties ultimately
agreed to share joint legal decision-making authority, with Mother having
the final say.

¶3           As to parenting time, the family court ordered that Mother
remain the primary residential parent. Father, who lived out-of-state, was
awarded six weeks of uninterrupted parenting time during the summer, as
well as time with the Children during their spring, fall, and winter breaks.
The court denied Mother’s request that Father’s time with the Children be
supervised. The decree of dissolution was entered in September 2017.

¶4            Three months later, Mother filed both a petition to modify
legal decision-making authority, parenting time, and child support, and an
emergency motion to temporarily modify parenting time without notice to
Father. Mother alleged Father was under investigation for sexually abusing
their eldest child, R., and sexually assaulting Mother. The family court
denied Mother’s ex parte motion and set a return hearing for January 2018.
Mother failed to appear for the hearing, and the court denied her motion
and dismissed her petition for lack of prosecution.



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                      THORNBURG v. THORNBURG
                         Decision of the Court

¶5            In June 2018, Mother filed a second petition to modify
parenting time and a second emergency motion to temporarily modify
parenting time without notice to Father. That same day, Father filed a
petition to enforce parenting time, alleging Mother had unreasonably
interfered with three days of his parenting time in January 2018 and denied
him six weeks of parenting time during the summer of 2018. The court
again denied Mother’s ex parte motion and set an evidentiary hearing for
August 2018 concerning the motion and all petitions.

¶6            At the August 2018 hearing, Mother cited several reasons in
support of her request to change Father’s parenting time. First, Mother
alleged R. sexually acted out against his siblings after visits with Father. In
support, Mother presented records from Phoenix Children’s Hospital
(PCH) documenting psychiatric care provided to R. for his attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sexualized behavior, and anxiety.

¶7            Second, Mother alleged that, on a few occasions, Father failed
to follow DCS safety plans by allowing R. to co-sleep with siblings he had
allegedly sexually abused in the past. Mother presented a DCS “safety
plan” she agreed to follow in November 2017, whereby R. would sleep
separate from his siblings. Mother also presented a “present danger plan”
she asserted DCS put in place from June 13 to June 27, 2018, after Mother
reported that R. was sexually abusing his siblings. Father testified that he
did not know the safety plan existed until Mother mentioned it in a June
2018 email, and that he had never been advised of a present danger plan.

¶8           Third, Mother alleged Father had sexually assaulted her
between September 2015 and June 2016. Mother reported these incidents
to law enforcement in March 2018.

¶9             Fourth, Mother alleged Father emotionally manipulated R.
Mother presented handwritten journal pages from R., which she contends
illustrated that Father was attempting to convince R. that Mother hated him
and his siblings and she didn’t “like anyone except herself.”

¶10           Lastly, Mother alleged Father failed to provide medical
treatment to the second eldest child, who required immediate medical
attention for a double ear infection after a visit with Father. Father asked
the family court to dismiss Mother’s underlying petition to modify
parenting time.

¶11          After taking the matter under advisement, the family court
denied Mother’s June 2018 request to modify parenting time. Specifically,
the court found modification of the existing parenting time order was not


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                         Decision of the Court

warranted because Mother provided “insufficient evidence to establish a
significant and continuing change of circumstances that materially
affect[ed] the welfare of the [C]hildren.” The court also granted Father’s
request for attorneys’ fees and costs after finding Mother had “acted
unreasonably in the litigation.” Mother timely appealed, and we have
jurisdiction pursuant to Arizona Revised Statutes (A.R.S.) §§ 12-
120.21(A)(1)1 and -2101(A)(2).

                                DISCUSSION

I.     The Family Court Did Not Abuse Its Discretion In Denying
       Mother’s Petition to Modify Parenting Time.

¶12            Mother disputes the family court’s finding that she failed to
show a material change in circumstances permitting a change in parenting
time.2 Specifically, Mother argues the court “mischaracterized” two of the
exhibits that were admitted during the evidentiary hearing and should
have proceeded to consider whether modification of parenting time was in
the Children’s best interests pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-403(A). However,
when a party seeks to modify an existing legal decision-making or
parenting time order, the family court must first determine whether there
has been a material change in circumstances affecting the welfare of the
child before it can engage in the best-interests analysis. See Christopher K. v.
Markaa S., 233 Ariz. 297, 300, ¶ 15 (App. 2013) (citing Black v. Black, 114 Ariz.
282, 283 (1977)); Owen v. Blackhawk, 206 Ariz. 418, 422, ¶ 16 (App. 2003)


1     Absent material changes from the relevant date, we cite a statute’s
current version.

2               Father argues that we should not address the merits of
Mother’s appeal because she did not satisfy the statutory prerequisites to
filing a petition to modify within one year of the original order. See A.R.S.
§ 25-411(A) (“A person shall not make a motion to modify a legal decision-
making or parenting time decree earlier than one year after its date, unless
the court permits it to be made on the basis of affidavits that there is reason
to believe the child’s present environment may seriously endanger the
child’s physical, mental, moral or emotional health.”). However, A.R.S. §
25-411(A) is procedural, not jurisdictional. In re Marriage of Dorman, 198
Ariz. 298, 302, ¶¶ 9-10 (App. 2000). And because Father did not object to
Mother’s noncompliance with A.R.S. § 25-411(A) through special action
prior to a resolution on the merits, he has waived this claim on appeal. Id.
at 302-03, ¶¶ 11, 14.



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                         Decision of the Court

(quoting Canty v. Canty, 178 Ariz. 443, 448 (App. 1994)); see also Vincent v.
Nelson, 238 Ariz. 150, 155, ¶¶ 16-18 (App. 2015). The court’s determination
whether a change in circumstances has occurred “will not be reversed
absent a clear abuse of discretion, i.e., a clear absence of evidence to support
its actions.” Prigdeon v. Superior Court, 134 Ariz. 177, 179 (1982) (citing Smith
v. Smith, 117 Ariz. 249, 253 (App. 1977), and Bailey v. Bailey, 3 Ariz. App. 138,
141 (1966)); see also Vincent, 238 Ariz. at 155, ¶¶ 17-18.

¶13            “The trial court is in the best position to judge the credibility
of witnesses, the weight of evidence, and also the reasonable inferences to
be drawn therefrom.” Goats v. A. J. Bayless Mkts., Inc., 14 Ariz. App. 166, 171
(1971) (citing Rogers v. Greer, 70 Ariz. 264, 270 (1950), and Cavazos v. Holmes
Tuttle Broadway Ford, Inc., 104 Ariz. 540, 543 (1969)). We do not reweigh
evidence on appeal, Reek v. Mendoza, 232 Ariz. 299, 303, ¶ 14 (App. 2013)
(citing Jesus M. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 203 Ariz. 278, 282, ¶ 12 (App.
2002), and Premier Fin. Servs. v. Citibank (Ariz.), 185 Ariz. 80, 86-87 (App.
1995)); rather, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to sustaining
the court’s findings and determine “whether evidence in the record
reasonably supports” those findings. Vincent, 238 Ariz. at 155, ¶ 17 (citing
Hurd v. Hurd, 223 Ariz. 48, 52, ¶ 19 (App. 2009)).

¶14            First, Mother contends the family court mischaracterized the
PCH psychiatric records that she offered to prove R. was sexually acting
out after visits with Father. The court found that these records contained
“no assessment of the cause of these behaviors” but rather contained only
“summaries of information that it appears Mother gave [PCH psychiatrists]
regarding her suspicions, i.e., that visits with Father are the cause of the
behaviors.” Mother claims the PCH records also included physician notes
that documented R.’s personal interviews with treatment providers,
illustrated R. was anxious and stressed about an upcoming visit with
Father, and indicated possible verbal abuse of R. by Father.

¶15           Second, Mother disagrees with the family court’s finding that
R.’s handwritten journal pages were “the only evidence of Father speaking
negatively about Mother to the [C]hildren.” Rather, Mother argues PCH
records also document reports from R. that Father not only called Mother
names but was demeaning to the child, “calling him sissy.” Further, Mother
argues the court was “bias[ed]” in its examination of the handwritten
journal exhibit because, before it admitted the journal pages into evidence,
the court agreed with opposing counsel’s objection that it was concerned
Mother might be “coaching” R. to say certain things in the journal pages.




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                      THORNBURG v. THORNBURG
                         Decision of the Court

¶16           Despite Mother’s contentions, we cannot say the family court
abused its discretion in considering the PCH records or the handwritten
journal pages. The entire record before the court, including the contested
exhibits, contains reasonable evidence justifying the court’s denial of
Mother’s petition to modify the parenting order due to her initial failure to
show a change in material circumstances affecting the welfare of the
Children. Mother’s arguments on appeal amount to a plea for us to reweigh
the evidence, a task we do not undertake on appeal. See supra ¶ 13.

¶17           The record reflects the family court carefully considered the
evidence Mother presented and drew reasonable inferences therefrom
based upon the court’s wisdom and experience. For example, the court
found Mother did not present any credible evidence, beyond the PCH
records, connecting R.’s concerning behavior “to Father’s parenting time.”
Indeed, the DCS records resulting from Mother’s June 2018 report that R.
was sexually abusing his other siblings “did not take place after Father’s
parenting time . . . [but] right before the summer vacation parenting time
that Father was to exercise.” Two other DCS records from November 2017,
reporting allegations of physical abuse and neglect by Father, presented the
same allegations Mother raised in connection with the original divorce
decree in September 2017. And the court noted that DCS ultimately found
these allegations unsubstantiated.

¶18            Mother’s police report of spousal abuse committed in 2015
and 2016 was similarly unpersuasive to the family court. Although more
recently made, the allegations of sexual assault by Father were the same
allegations raised by Mother and addressed at the time of the original
decree. Further, the police records indicated “that the prosecutor decided
not to file any charges and closed the case.”

¶19           Additionally, the family court considered a letter from a
family consultant retained by Mother, who observed the Children in
Mother’s home during the evening for about four months. The court
reiterated that the letter “d[id] not provide any credible evidence
connecting the concerning behaviors of the eldest child to Father’s
parenting time.” And while the court believed R.’s behavior was
concerning and needed to be addressed by the parties, correspondence
showed “Father agree[d] that [R.] need[ed] therapy or counseling” and was
“willing to assist in the child obtaining needed treatment and medications.”

¶20           Finally, to the extent Mother is asserting judicial bias based on
the family court’s examination of R.’s handwritten journal pages, the record
does not support such a claim. We generally presume the family court is


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                      THORNBURG v. THORNBURG
                         Decision of the Court

both fair and impartial; therefore, “[a] party must show by a preponderance
of the evidence that the judge was, in fact, biased.” Cook v. Losnegard, 228
Ariz. 202, 206, ¶ 22 (App. 2011) (citing State v. Ramsey, 211 Ariz. 529, 541, ¶
38 (App. 2005)). Mother has not established the existence of judicial bias,
and our independent review of the record reveals none. To the contrary,
the court admitted the handwritten journal exhibit, stating it would give it
“the appropriate weight it’s due.” Therefore, after reviewing all the
evidence while giving deference to the court’s assessment, we find no abuse
of discretion in the family court’s denial of Mother’s petition to modify
parenting time.3

II.    The Family Court Did Not Abuse its Discretion in Awarding
       Father Attorneys’ Fees.

¶21           Mother argues the family court erred by awarding Father
attorneys’ fees pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-324(A), which authorizes the court
to award attorneys’ fees to a party for the costs of maintaining or defending
any proceeding in court “after considering the financial resources of both
parties and the reasonableness of the positions each party has taken
throughout the proceedings.” We review an award of attorneys’ fees made
under A.R.S. § 25-324(A) for an abuse of discretion. Lehn v. Al-Thanayyan,
246 Ariz. 277, 286, ¶ 29 (App. 2019).

¶22             Section 25-324(A) authorizes the family court to award
attorneys’ fees to a party for the costs of maintaining or defending any
proceeding in family court “after considering the financial resources of both
parties and the reasonableness of the positions each party has taken
throughout the proceedings.” In support of its decision to award fees to
Father, the court found that while he had significantly greater financial
resources than Mother, Mother had acted unreasonably throughout the
litigation in (1) “denying Father his parenting time, forcing him to have to
file a petition to enforce that time,” and (2) “basing her petitions, at least in
part, upon actions that took place prior to and were considered [with]in the
[parties’ divorce] [d]ecree.” Although Mother disputes the court’s
characterization of her actions as unreasonable, the record supports its

3      Father argues we should affirm the family court’s decision on other
grounds. But, we may “affirm a trial court on any basis supported by the
record.” Leflet v. Redwood Fire & Cas. Ins., 226 Ariz. 297, 300, ¶ 12 (App.
2011) (quoting Solimeno v. Yonan, 224 Ariz. 74, 82 (App. 2010)). Because we
find the court’s finding that Mother failed to prove a substantial and
continuing change warranting modification was not an abuse of discretion,
we need not and do not reach Father’s argument.


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                    THORNBURG v. THORNBURG
                       Decision of the Court

findings and provides a sufficient factual basis to impose an award under
A.R.S. § 25-324(A). Accordingly, we affirm the award of attorneys’ fees to
Father, and deny Mother’s request for reimbursement.

                             CONCLUSION

¶23          The family court’s orders are affirmed.

¶24           Father requests an award of attorneys’ fees incurred on
appeal pursuant to A.R.S. §§ 12-349, 25-324, and ARCAP 21 and 25. In our
discretion, we deny his request. We also decline to impose sanctions upon
Mother’s appellate counsel pursuant to ARCAP 25; although Mother’s
appeal was ultimately unsuccessful, the record does not indicate it was
“frivolous” or “filed solely for the purpose of delay.” However, as the
prevailing party, Father is awarded his costs incurred on appeal upon
compliance with ARCAP 21(b). See A.R.S. § 12-341.




                        AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
                        FILED: AA




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