Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before                                         Jun 18 2014, 10:50 am
any court except for the purpose of
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.


ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                             ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

WILLIAM BYER, JR.                                   GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Byer & Byer                                         Attorney General of Indiana
Anderson, Indiana
                                                    ANDREW FALK
                                                    Deputy Attorney General
                                                    Indianapolis, Indiana


                               IN THE
                     COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

KEITH D. BOTT,                                      )
                                                    )
       Appellant-Defendant,                         )
                                                    )
               vs.                                  )      No. 48A02-1312-CR-1058
                                                    )
STATE OF INDIANA,                                   )
                                                    )
       Appellee-Plaintiff.                          )


                     APPEAL FROM THE MADISON CIRCUIT COURT
                         The Honorable Angela Warner Sims, Judge
                              Cause No. 48C02-0905-FC-221


                                          June 18, 2014

                MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION



MAY, Judge
        Keith D. Bott appeals the revocation of his probation. He alleges the evidence is not

sufficient to establish he violated his probation by committing the Class A misdemeanor

intimidation.1 We affirm.

                           FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

        On May 1, 2009, Bott was charged with Class C felony forgery2 and Class D felony

attempt to obtain controlled substance by fraud or deceit.3 Bott entered a plea agreement, and

his resulting sentence was four years on probation.

        On September 26, 2013, the State filed an Amended Notice of Violation of Probation

that alleged Bott committed intimidation. An evidentiary hearing was conducted on

November 5, 2013, at which Bott’s father, Timothy K. Bott, and a family friend, Cynthia

Miller, testified.

        Timothy testified Bott telephoned him multiple times between August 22, 2013, and

September 13, 2013. In these calls, Bott claimed he would be “coming with artillery” and he

was the “angel of death.” (Tr. at 7-8.)

        Miller testified she received fifteen to twenty calls from Bott starting on September 4,

2013, and she had charges filed against Bott for the threats he was making in these phone

calls. In one voicemail Bott left for Miller, Bott stated: “I’m going to round you up and

we’re going to shoot every one of you God-damned nasty-assed females in the head . . . you

wanna play snitch and God, you’re going to go down for your shit . . . .” (Ex. A.) Miller


1
  Ind. Code § 35-45-2-1.
2
  Ind. Code § 35-43-5-2.
3
  Ind. Code § 35-48-4-7.
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identified the caller as Bott because in the voicemail Bott said his full name. Timothy also

identified Bott as the caller on Miller’s voicemail.

       The trial court found that the State proved by a preponderance of the evidence that

Bott had committed intimidation. It revoked Bott’s probation and ordered him to serve his

remaining sentence in the Department of Correction.

                             DISCUSSION AND DECISION

       There was sufficient evidence to prove Bott violated the terms of his probation by

committing intimidation. Probation revocation proceedings are civil in nature and the

violation need be proved by only a preponderance of the evidence. Ind. Code § 35-38-2-3(e);

Thornton v. State, 792 N.E.2d 94, 96 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003). When reviewing the revocation

decision, we consider only the evidence most favorable to the judgment without assessing

credibility of the witnesses. McHenry v. State, 820 N.E.2d 124, 126 (Ind. 2005). We affirm

unless the trial court abused its discretion. Sanders v. State, 825 N.E.2d 952, 956 (Ind. Ct.

App. 2005).

       If a person on probation commits another crime, the court may revoke probation. Ind.

Code § 35-38-2-1(b). It is not necessary that the State show the probationer was convicted of

a new crime. Whatley v. State, 847 N.E.2d 1007, 1010 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006). The State must

demonstrate the commission of that new crime by only a preponderance of the evidence.

Heaton v. State, 984 N.E.2d 614, 617 (Ind. 2013).

       To establish Bott committed Class A misdemeanor intimidation, the State was

required to show Bott (1) communicated a threat, (2) to another person, (3) with intent that

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the other person be placed in fear of retaliation for a prior lawful act. See Ind. Code § 35-45-

2-1(a)(2). The trial court found Bott communicated threats to Miller by making phone calls

and leaving voicemails that contained threats. The issue is whether the State proved by a

preponderance of the evidence that Bott made the phone calls with intent to put Miller in fear

for a prior lawful act.      Bott argues there was no prior lawful act for which he was

threatening Miller. In Casey v. State, we addressed the meaning of “prior lawful act”:

       BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 885 (6th ed.1990), defines “lawful” as:
       “Legal; warranted or authorized by the law; having the qualifications
       prescribed by law; not contrary to nor forbidden by the law; not illegal.”
       “Retaliation” is defined as “to repay in kind; to return for like; to get revenge.”
       WEBSTER’S COLLEGIATE DICTIONARY 999 (10th ed.1993). Construing
       these words together, it is apparent that the legislature intended to require the
       State to prove that the victim had engaged in a prior act, which was not
       contrary to the law, and that the defendant intended to repay the victim for the
       prior lawful act.

676 N.E.2d 1069, 1072 (Ind. Ct. App. 1997).

       In H.J. v. State, 746 N.E.2d 400 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001), H.J. argued there was no

evidence her threats against a fellow student were made in retaliation for a prior lawful act.

H.J. and another student prepared a list of teachers and students entitled “LaPort-o-cide.” Id.

at 401. They referred to the list as the names of people they would kill. Id. S.J. noticed she

and her brother were on the list, and she reported it to school officials. Id. After learning

S.J. had reported the list, H.J threatened to kill her. Id. at 402. The court inferred H.J.’s

threats were related to the lawful act of S.J. turning in the list of names H.J. created. Id. at

403. The court therefore found H.J. had committed intimidation. Id. at 404.

       Reporting improper behavior to authorities is commonly called “snitching.” Merriam-

                                               4
Webster Online Dictionary, http://www.merriam-webster.com (last visited May 29, 2014).

Snitching is the act for which Bott threatened Miller in the voicemail. Bott said “You wanna

play snitch and God, you’re going to go down for your shit . . . .” (Ex. A.) As we have no

reason to hold that “play[ing] snitch and God” are unlawful acts, the trial court correctly

inferred Bott was threatening Miller in retaliation for a lawful act. See H.J., 746 N.E.2d at

403 (holding report of improper behavior to authorities was lawful act and that threats made

in retaliation therefore constituted crime of intimidation).

                                      CONCLUSION

       As there was sufficient evidence for the court to infer by a preponderance of the

evidence that Bott committed intimidation, we find no abuse of discretion in the revocation

of his probation. Accordingly, we affirm.

       Affirmed.

KIRSCH, J., and BAILEY, J., concur.




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