     Case: 10-60991     Document: 00511663221         Page: 1     Date Filed: 11/11/2011




           IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT  United States Court of Appeals
                                                    Fifth Circuit

                                                                            FILED
                                                                        November 11, 2011
                                     No. 10-60991
                                   Summary Calendar                        Lyle W. Cayce
                                                                                Clerk

WASHINGTON LEON NIETO ARCE,

                                                  Petitioner

v.

ERIC HOLDER, JR., U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,

                                                  Respondent


                        Petition for Review of an Order of the
                           Board of Immigration Appeals
                                BIA No. A088 309 794


Before WIENER, GARZA, and CLEMENT, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
        Petitioner Washington Leon Nieto Arce (Nieto), a native and citizen of
Colombia, petitions for review of the order of the Board of Immigration Appeals
(BIA) dismissing his appeal from the order of the Immigration Judge (IJ) who
found him removable and denied his applications for asylum, withholding of
removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture (CAT). Nieto sought
such relief based on his assertion that he had been persecuted in the past and
feared future persecution and torture by the guerrilla group Revolutionary

       *
         Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
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                                        No. 10-60991

Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) on the basis of his participation in the
religious group “Colombian Mejor” or “Better Colombia.”
       Nieto first contends that the IJ’s adverse credibility determination was
error. He incorrectly states that the BIA adopted that credibility determination.
We do not address the credibility issue because, as the BIA determined, even
accepting Nieto’s allegations as true, he has not borne his burden of proof. See
Ozdemir v. INS, 46 F.3d 6, 8 (5th Cir. 1994).
       Nieto next contends that the BIA’s denial of his requests for asylum,
withholding of removal, and relief under the CAT is not supported by substantial
evidence. We review the BIA’s legal findings de novo and its findings of fact for
substantial evidence. Zhu v. Gonzales, 493 F.3d 588, 594 (5th Cir. 2007). Under
this standard, we will not reverse unless we decide “not only that the evidence
supports a contrary conclusion, but also that the evidence compels it.” Chen v.
Gonzales, 470 F.3d 1131, 1134 (5th Cir. 2006) (internal quotation marks and
citation omitted).
       To be eligible for asylum, Nieto has the burden of demonstrating that he
is a “refugee,” which in turn requires him to show that he suffered past
persecution or has a well-founded fear of future persecution based on one of the
enumerated grounds, here, his religious activities.1 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b). The
BIA determined that Nieto had not shown that he had suffered past persecution,
and Nieto has failed to demonstrate that the evidence compels a contrary
conclusion. He contends that the threatening phone calls and verbal harassment
he suffered from unidentified FARC members put him in everyday fear for his
safety and cumulatively constituted persecution entitling him to asylum. The
verbal threats that Nieto received, which were unaccompanied by any physical



       1
          To the extent that Nieto seeks to raise a new claim that he was persecuted for his
political opinions, we lack jurisdiction to consider such claim. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(d)(1); Omari
v. Holder, 562 F.3d 314, 322 (5th Cir. 2009).

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                                 No. 10-60991

harm or other significant deprivation, did not, however, constitute persecution.
See Eduard v. Ashcroft, 379 F.3d 182, 187 n.4, 188 (5th Cir. 2004).
      Similarly, Nieto has failed to demonstrate that he has a well-founded fear
of future persecution. See § 1208.13(b)(2)(iii); Zhao v. Gonzalez, 404 F.3d 295,
307 (5th Cir. 2005). He relies on his and his wife’s testimony that he fears he
will be killed or kidnaped if returned to Colombia, which fear, he contends, is
corroborated by the State Department report on country conditions and the other
documentary evidence he submitted in support of his asylum application. Nieto
has provided no evidence, however, that he will be singled out for persecution if
he returns to Colombia or that there is a pattern of persecution of members of
Better Colombia by members of FARC. See Zhao, 404 F.3d at 307. Although he
testified that two members of Better Colombia were missing, that two others
continued to receive threatening calls, and that the leader of the group had
relocated to Canada, his testimony does not show that FARC was responsible for
those acts. As the BIA found, the letters Nieto submitted from his family and
fellow Better Colombia members state only that the writers were aware that
Nieto and his wife had been verbally threatened by guerrillas; the writers do not
state that they were themselves persecuted by FARC, or that Nieto was ever
harmed as a result of the threats. Moreover, Nieto’s family members apparently
continue to live in Colombia without suffering any harm.
      Additionally, the State Department report and other related documents
submitted by Nieto do not link FARC’s guerrilla activities to Nieto, to Better
Columbia, or to any religious group operating in Bogota generally or in Simon
Bolivar in particular. Furthermore, Nieto fails to address the BIA’s finding that
he could relocate and live elsewhere in Columbia to avoid any local threat, which
finding is supported by the record, including his wife’s testimony that she lived
with her mother in Ibaque without incident. See § 1208.13(b)(2)(ii).
      Accordingly, Nieto’s fear that he will be singled out for persecution if he
returns to Colombia is not objectively reasonable, and the evidence does not

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                                  No. 10-60991

compel a finding to the contrary. See Zhao, 404 F.3d at 307. As substantial
evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that Nieto failed to establish either past
persecution or an objective reasonable, well-founded fear of future persecution,
his asylum application was properly denied. See Chen, 470 F.3d at 1136-37; see
also § 1208.13(b). Having failed to demonstrate the requisite refugee status for
asylum purposes, Nieto cannot satisfy the higher standard required for
establishing eligibility for withholding of removal. See Chen, 470 F.3d at 1138.
      Nieto has likewise failed to show that the BIA’s denial of relief under the
CAT was error. To obtain such relief, he “must show that it is more likely than
not that he would be tortured if returned to his home country.” Zhang, 432 F.3d
at 344 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted); see also 8 C.F.R.
§ 1208.16(c)(2). “To meet this burden, the alien may produce evidence of past
torture, an inability to relocate to a safer part of the country, human rights
abuses committed within the country, and any other relevant information.”
Majd v. Gonzales, 446 F.3d 590, 595-96 (5th Cir. 2006); § 208.16(c)(3).
      Nieto produced no evidence of past torture or that he is unable to relocate
to a safer part of the country. See id. He testified that he would be unsafe
elsewhere because FARC exists countrywide and because Bogota is the most
protected city in Colombia, meaning that he would be even less protected
elsewhere. As noted above, however, Nieto’s wife testified that she lived with
her mother in Ibaque without incident, and the documentary evidence shows
that FARC’s membership is diminishing, that it operates in only one-third of the
country, and that the Colombian government has made substantial strides in
reducing human rights violations by FARC. Thus, the evidence does not compel
a finding that it is more likely than not that Nieto will be targeted for torture on
his return to Colombia or that the Colombian government would acquiesce in
such torture. See Chen, 470 F.3d at 1139-42.
      For the foregoing reasons, Nieto’s petition for review is DENIED.


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