[Cite as State v. Kloeker, 2016-Ohio-7801.]




                             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                                SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                    CHAMPAIGN COUNTY

 STATE OF OHIO                                      :
                                                    :   Appellate Case No. 2015-CA-38
         Plaintiff-Appellee                         :
                                                    :   Trial Court Case No. 15-CR-126
 v.                                                 :
                                                    :   (Criminal Appeal from
 KEITH A. KLOEKER                                   :    Common Pleas Court)
                                                    :
         Defendant-Appellant                        :
                                                    :

                                               ...........

                                              OPINION

                          Rendered on the 18th day of November, 2016.

                                               ...........

KEVIN S. TALEBI, Atty. Reg. No. 0069198, by JANE A. NAPIER, Atty. Reg. No. 0061426,
Champaign County Prosecutor’s Office, 200 North Main Street, Urbana, Ohio 43078
     Attorneys for Plaintiff-Appellee

JOE CLOUD, Atty. Reg. No. 0040301, 3973 Dayton-Xenia Road, Beavercreek, Ohio
45432
      Attorney for Defendant-Appellant

                                              .............

FAIN, J.

        {¶ 1} Defendant-appellant Keith A. Kloeker appeals from that part of the trial
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court’s sentencing order requiring him to pay court costs and fees for appointed counsel.

The State concedes that the sentencing order should be corrected to remove the order

to pay counsel fees, but defends the order to pay court costs.

       {¶ 2} We conclude that the trial court erred by mandating a payment plan for the

costs and counsel fees as part of the criminal sentence. We modify the portion of the

judgment entry mandating a post-confinement payment plan for costs and counsel fees,

and affirm the judgment in all other respects.



                              I. The Course of Proceedings

       {¶ 3} Kloeker was indicted on nine counts of Telephone Harassment, fifth-degree

felonies, in violation of R.C. 2917.21 (A)(5)(C)(2), nine counts of Violating a Protection

Order, third-degree felonies, in violation of R.C. 2919.27(A)(1)(B)(4), and nine counts of

Violating a Protection Order, fifth-degree felonies, in violation of R.C. 2919.27(A)(1)(B)(3).

       {¶ 4} Kloeker and the State entered into a plea agreement, in which the State

agreed to dismiss all but one count. Pursuant to the plea agreement, Kloeker entered a

plea of guilty to one count of Violating a Protection Order, a third-degree felony, in

violation of R.C. 2919.27(A)(1)(B)(4). In the plea agreement, Dkt.#22, Kloeker was

informed that the court could impose a fine of up to $10,000, and “court costs, restitution

and other financial sanctions including fines, day fines, and reimbursement for the costs

of any sanctions may also be imposed.” The plea agreement does not mention the

possibility of a judgment for appointed counsel fees. At the plea hearing, Kloeker was

verbally informed that the court could “impose payment of the cost of the case, attorney

fees and fines,” and Kloeker acknowledged that he understood. Neither the plea hearing
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transcript nor the dispositional hearing transcript provides any questions, answers, or

statements from anyone regarding Kloeker’s income, assets, debts, or his ability to pay

any financial sanctions, costs, or fees.

       {¶ 5} The pre-sentence investigation report shows that Kloeker has a high school

education, that he has one dependent, for whom he is required to pay $240 per month in

child support, and that he has a child support arrearage of at least $21,000.           His

employment history includes past employment working at three different pizza

restaurants, earning minimum wage, and a current job as a roofer earning $10 an hour,

with earnings of $500 per month, which varies monthly based on the work available. The

report shows a history of drug use and a seizure disorder requiring medical care. This

was confirmed at the plea hearing, with Kloeker stating that he was on medication for the

seizure disorder. The report also states that Kloeker has lived with others, eliminating

housing expenses, but that he has a monthly phone bill of $50.

       {¶ 6} In its journal entry of judgment, conviction and sentence, the trial court made

a finding that Kloeker was not indigent and would be able to pay costs, fines, and

appointed counsel fees, based on the information contained in the pre-sentence

investigation report, and statements of the prosecutor, defense counsel and the

defendant, considering that he is “employable and in good health.” The entry also states:


            Defendant is ordered to pay back the cost of the legal fees and

       expenses in the case at bar and those fees and expenses shall be

       separately collected by the Clerk. R.C. 2941.51(D).

            The Court finds that R.C. 2941.51(D) does allow a county to seek

       reimbursement of court appointed counsel fees if a Defendant has the
                                                                                        -4-


      means to pay for some or all of the costs of services provide[d] to the

      Defendant, but the right of action it confers must be prosecuted in a civil

      action. Although, the fees and expenses shall not be taxed as part of the

      costs, the Court sets forth notice of the Defendant’s obligation to be

      responsible for such repayment.

            Judgment is granted for the legal fees and expenses and execution for

      those fees and expenses is awarded.

Dkt. #24.

      {¶ 7} The trial court ordered Kloeker to pay costs of the action and stated:

“Judgment is granted for costs and execution for costs is awarded.” Id. The court also

imposed a fine of $500, and noted that restitution was not requested. The judgment

entry also contains an order setting up a mandatory payment plan as follows:

              Defendant shall pay court costs, fine, and court-appointed legal fees

      at a minimum of $50.00 per month beginning the second month after

      release from confinement and due the 28th of each month thereafter. Clerk

      shall apply monies collected to court costs, fine, and court-appointed legal

      fees in that order.

Dkt. #24.

      {¶ 8} The affidavit of indigency filed after the indictment, Dkt.#4, indicates that

Kloeker has no assets, and reports debts for child support and telephone expenses. The

affidavit shows employment income in the amount of $300 per month. Other than the

sentencing hearing, no separate hearing was conducted on Kloeker’s ability to pay court

ordered fines, costs, or counsel fees. From the order of sentencing, Kloeker appeals.
                                                                                     -5-




                             II. The Standard of Review

      {¶ 9} We have applied an abuse-of-discretion standard to the review of an error

alleging that the trial court improperly imposed a repayment schedule for court costs or

court appointed counsel fees as part of a criminal sentence. State v. Johnson, 2d Dist.

Champaign No. 2015-CA-24, 2016-Ohio-5160, ¶ 38; State v. Hawley, 2d Dist.

Montgomery No. 25897, 2014-Ohio-731, ¶13; State v. Chase, 2d Dist. Montgomery No.

26238, 2015-Ohio-545, ¶14.

      {¶ 10} Kloeker’s assignment of error involves the portion of the sentencing order

that imposes a post-confinement payment schedule for the payment of costs and counsel

fees. Based on an abuse-of-discretion standard of review, we must determine whether

the portion of the sentence ordering the post-confinement payment of costs and court-

appointed counsel fees is grossly unsound, unreasonable, illegal, or unsupported by the

evidence. State v. Woods, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2015-CA-75, 2016-Ohio-1103, ¶ 10.



         III. The Trial Court Erred by Mandating the Payment of Costs and

                  Counsel Fees in the Criminal Sentencing Order

      {¶ 11} Kloeker has presented one assignment of error as follows:

             THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW WHEN IT

      GRANTED        A   JUDGMENT        ENTRY      PROVIDING       FOR     THE

      “ENFORCEMENT” OF COURT COSTS AND COURT APPOINTED

      COUNSEL FEES AGAINST THE DEFENDANT

      {¶ 12} Kloeker relies on the holding of State v. Springs, 2015-Ohio-5016, 53
                                                                                           -6-


N.E.3d 804 (2d Dist.), for the proposition that we must vacate or modify the portion of the

sentencing order that orders a post-confinement payment plan for the repayment of court

appointed counsel fees. Kloeker argues the trial court has no authority to enforce

monetary obligations in the judgment entry, absent civil enforcement mechanisms. We

agree that the execution of a judgment against a criminal defendant for statutorily

permitted costs and fees must be pursued by through civil proceedings. Id. at ¶10.

       {¶ 13} Regarding enforcement of orders for costs and fees, we have held,

“[A]lthough trial courts have the authority to enforce their orders through contempt

proceedings, R.C. 2705.02, an order to pay court costs is essentially a judgment on a

contractual debt where the court is the creditor and the party ordered to pay court costs

is the debtor. As such, the creditor, i.e., the court, can collect only the money it is due by

the methods provided for the collection of civil judgments.” Galluzzo v. Galluzzo, 2d Dist.

Champaign No. 2012 CA 43, 2013-Ohio-3647, ¶¶ 6-7; State v. Johnson, supra, citing

State v. Lamb, 163 Ohio App. 3d 290, 2005-Ohio-4741, 837 N.E. 2d 833, ¶13 (2d Dist.).

R.C. 2929.18(D) specifically provides that once a financial sanction is imposed as a

judgment or order as part of a felony sentence, the collection of the sanction, including

costs and appointed counsel fees, can proceed “in the same manner and form as a

certificate of judgment issued in a civil action.”

       {¶ 14} In State v. Springs, supra, we raised the concern that the trial court’s entry

contained “the obligation to reimburse appointed-counsel fees blended into the court’s

post-confinement repayment schedule, which we construe to be an element of

enforcement.” We concluded that “[i]f Champaign County, or the clerk thereof, desires to

enforce the reimbursement to which the trial court’s findings entitle it, it must pursue civil
                                                                                        -7-

execution collection proceedings.” Springs at ¶ 12. The same error we identified in

Springs occurred in the case before us regarding the imposition of a payment plan for

court appointed counsel fees in the sentencing entry.     Subsequent to State v. Springs,

we held that the imposition of a mandatory post-confinement payment plan for court costs

is also improper. State v. Johnson, supra, at ¶ 39. “Since costs from a criminal action

can only be collected through civil enforcement mechanisms, the trial court erred when it

ordered Johnson to remit the costs from his criminal action through the fee schedule it

created and included in his judgment entry of conviction.” Id.

      {¶ 15} Therefore, Kloeker’s sole assignment of error is sustained.



                                    IV. Conclusion

      {¶ 16} Kloeker’s sole assignment of error having been sustained, that part of the

trial court’s judgment entry setting up a post-prison payment plan that compels Kloeker

to make monthly payments toward his court-appointed counsel fees and court costs

imposed in his criminal case is Vacated. As so modified, the judgment of the trial court is

Affirmed.

                                     .............

HALL, J., concurs.

DONOVAN, P.J., concurring:
      {¶ 17} I write separately to emphasize that pursuant to R.C. 2947.23(C) “the court

retains jurisdiction to waive, suspend or modify the payment of the costs of prosecution,

including any costs under section 2947.231 of the Revised Code, at the time of sentencing

or at any time thereafter.” In my view, this must be acknowledged given what the record
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establishes regarding Kloeker’s indigency status, debt, imprisonment and lack of assets.

I accept that we are limited to the error assigned which is the enforcement plan, however,

when trial courts impose costs and fees upon an imprisoned indigent, they do little to

promote public confidence in the “fairness, rationality and enforceability of the law where

there is no realistic probability costs and fees will be collected.”        Ohio Judicial

Conference, Impact Summary H.B. 247, prepared pursuant to R.C. 105.911.

                                       ..........


Copies mailed to:


Kevin S. Talebi
Jane A. Napier
Joe Cloud
Hon. Nick A. Selvaggio
