                                             COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


              Present: Judges Humphreys, O’Brien and Senior Judge Bumgardner
UNPUBLISHED




              KAYLA S. SCOTT
                                                                              MEMORANDUM OPINION*
              v.     Record No. 1368-16-2                                         PER CURIAM
                                                                                  JUNE 6, 2017
              CITY OF PETERSBURG
               DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES


                               FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF PETERSBURG
                                            Dennis M. Martin, Sr., Judge

                               (Susan E. Allen, on brief), for appellant.

                               (Miriam Airington; Marlene A. Harris, Guardian ad litem for the
                               minor child; Airington, Andraos & Rockecharlie, PLLC, on brief),
                               for appellee.


                     Kayla Scott (mother) appeals an order of dismissal. Mother argues that the trial court erred

              by dismissing her appeal from the City of Petersburg Juvenile and Domestic Relations District

              Court (the JDR court) because (1) the “trial court had no jurisdiction over [her] because she was

              sued in her personal capacity while she was an infant;” and (2) appellant was an infant during the

              proceedings and a guardian ad litem did not represent her, so the order terminating her parental

              rights to her child was void ab initio.1 Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we

              conclude that this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the

              trial court. See Rule 5A:27.




                     *
                         Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
                     1
                       Mother also includes two questions presented in her opening brief. This Court
              considers only assignments of error and, as such, will not consider the issues listed as questions
              presented. Rule 5A:20(c).
                                        BACKGROUND

       We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party below and grant

to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. See Logan v. Fairfax Cty. Dep’t of

Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 463 (1991).

       On December 4, 2014, the City of Petersburg Department of Social Services (the

Department) obtained custody of the child. At the time of the removal, mother was sixteen years

old, and the child was ten months old. Mother lived with her mother, Angela Scott.

       On January 28, 2015, the JDR court entered an order finding that the child was abused or

neglected pursuant to Code § 16.1-228. Initially, the foster care plan’s goal was return to home.

However, the Department subsequently changed the goal to adoption, after having provided

services to mother and Angela Scott. On November 4, 2015, the JDR court entered an order

approving the goal of adoption. Mother appealed this order to the circuit court.

       On November 13, 2015, the Department filed a notice and petition for termination of

mother’s parental rights. On January 13, 2016, the JDR court held a hearing on the

Department’s petition. Mother did not appear at the hearing. On January 27, 2016, the JDR

court entered an order terminating mother’s parental rights to her child. Mother did not timely

appeal this order.

       On February 26, 2016, the circuit court entered an order dismissing mother’s appeal of

the foster care plan with the goal of adoption. The circuit court found that the “subsequent entry

of an Order for Involuntary Termination of Residual Rights with regard to the mother by the

Petersburg Juvenile & Domestic Relations District Court has rendered moot the question of

whether DSS’s Foster Care Service Plan should have recommended the goal of adoption.” This

order was not appealed.




                                               -2-
           On February 25, 2016, mother filed a “Motion to Vacate and Motion for Guardian Ad

Litem” in the JDR court. She asked the JDR court to vacate its January 27, 2016 order

terminating her parental rights. Mother argued that the order was void since she was a minor and

a guardian ad litem did not represent her at the hearing. On February 29, 2016, mother filed a

“Motion to Rehear Termination of Parental Right” in the JDR court. She argued that Angela

Scott failed to transport her to the hearing and, as a minor, she relied on Angela Scott for

transportation. The Department filed objections to the motions. On May 4, 2016, the JDR court

entered an order denying mother’s motions because they were not timely filed. Mother appealed

the May 4, 2016 order to the circuit court.

           On August 8, 2016, the parties appeared before the circuit court. On September 29, 2016,

the circuit court entered an order dismissing mother’s appeal. It found that mother’s motions

were not timely filed and that “Code § 8.01-9 does not require a minor mother to . . . both

appointed counsel and a guardian ad litem in proceedings seeking termination of her parental

rights.” Mother timely appealed the September 29, 2016 order to this Court.

                                              ANALYSIS

           Mother argues that the trial court had no jurisdiction over her because she was a minor

throughout the proceedings. She contends the order terminating her parental rights is void ab

initio and the trial court erred by not appointing a guardian ad litem to represent her.

           Code § 8.01-9(A) provides, “A suit wherein a person under a disability is a party

defendant shall not be stayed because of such disability, but the court in which the suit is pending

. . . shall appoint a discreet and competent attorney-at-law as guardian ad litem to such defendant

. . . .”

           Code § 8.01-9(B) states,

                  Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection A or the provisions
                  of any other law to the contrary, in any suit wherein a person under
                                                  -3-
               a disability is a party and is represented by an attorney-at-law duly
               licensed to practice in this Commonwealth, who shall have entered
               of record an appearance for such person, no guardian ad litem need
               be appointed for such person unless the court determines that the
               interests of justice require such appointment; or unless a statute
               applicable to such suit expressly requires that the person under a
               disability be represented by a guardian ad litem. The court may, in
               its discretion, appoint the attorney of record for the person under a
               disability as his guardian ad litem, in which event the attorney shall
               perform all the duties and functions of guardian ad litem.

       Contrary to mother’s assertions, Code § 8.01-9 does not mandate that a trial court appoint

a guardian ad litem for a minor who is represented by counsel. To the contrary, the statute

indicates that it is within the trial court’s discretion whether to appoint a guardian ad litem.

Likewise, Code § 16.1-266(E) states that it is within the trial court’s discretion to appoint an

attorney and a guardian ad litem to represent a parent involved in an abuse or neglect case or a

termination of parental rights matter. In this case, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by

not appointing a guardian ad litem to represent mother.

       Furthermore, this Court notes that mother filed her motions to vacate and rehear more

than twenty-one days after the entry of the order terminating her parental rights. Pursuant to

Rule 1:1, the lower court no longer had jurisdiction over the matter. See also Rook v. Rook, 233

Va. 92, 95, 353 S.E.2d 756, 758 (1987) (“After the expiration of 21 days from the entry of a

judgment, the court rendering the judgment loses jurisdiction of the case, and, absent a perfected

appeal, the judgment is final and conclusive.”).

                                           CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s ruling is summarily affirmed. Rule 5A:27.

                                                                                            Affirmed.




                                                 -4-
