                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION

                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                            FILED
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
                                                                            MAY 02 2019
                                                                         MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
GUSTAVO AMEZCUA GONZALEZ,                        No.   17-73229

              Petitioner,                        Agency No. A200-006-731

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General,

              Respondent.


                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                       Argued and Submitted April 10, 2019
                               Seattle, Washington

Before: W. FLETCHER, CALLAHAN, and CHRISTEN, Circuit Judges.

      Petitioner Gustavo Amezcua Gonzalez seeks review of the Board of

Immigration Appeals’s (BIA) denial of his applications for withholding of removal

and protection under the United Nations Convention Against Torture (CAT). We




      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a), and we grant the petition in part, deny

it in part, and remand to the agency for further proceedings.

1. Substantial evidence supports the agency’s denial of Amezcua Gonzalez’s

withholding of removal claim. “Where the BIA issues its own decision but relies

in part on the immigration judge’s reasoning, [the court] review[s] both decisions.”

Singh v. Holder, 753 F.3d 826, 830 (9th Cir. 2014) (quoting Flores-Lopez v.

Holder, 685 F.3d 857, 861 (9th Cir. 2012)). Pursuant to statute and regulation, the

Attorney General may not remove an unlawfully present alien to a particular

country if that person’s “life or freedom would be threatened in that country

because of the alien’s race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social

group, or political opinion.” 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(A). A withholding of removal

applicant must demonstrate that the asserted protected ground is “a reason” for

persecution. Barajas-Romero v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 351, 358–59 (9th Cir. 2017).

      Amezcua Gonzalez contends that La Familia Michoacána targeted him for

violence based on his family connections, a well-recognized distinct social group.

See Parada v. Sessions, 902 F.3d 901, 910 (9th Cir. 2018). We conclude,

however, that substantial evidence supports the agency’s conclusion that La

Familia Michoacána targeted Amezcua Gonzalez based on his refusal to join the

cartel, not because of any family relationship. Accordingly, we agree with the


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agency that Amezcua Gonzalez failed to demonstrate past persecution. We deny

Amezcua Gonzalez’s petition for review as to his withholding of removal claim.

2. We do not find, however, that the BIA’s conclusions that Amezcua Gonzalez

failed to establish that he suffered past torture and that Mexican officials were

willfully blind to that abuse are supported by substantial evidence. The

convention’s implementing regulations define torture to include “any act by which

severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a

person[.]” 8 C.F.R. § 1208.18(a)(1). In this case, Amezcua Gonzalez credibly

testified that drug cartel members abducted him in broad daylight on the street

outside a grocery store. Two police officers, sitting in their car across the street,

heard Amezcua Gonzalez’s screams for help and turned their eyes away. Amezcua

Gonzalez’s kidnappers beat him with a gun and held a knife to his throat; he

testified that he feared for his life. Within a few months, another group of men

abducted Amezcua Gonzalez again, told him they had “been looking for him,” and

then beat him to the point of unconsciousness before he was able to escape by

jumping from a moving truck. We conclude that this record compels the

conclusion that Amezcua Gonzalez experienced past torture and that government

officials acquiesced in that mistreatment through wilful blindness.




                                            3
      “To qualify for CAT relief, a petitioner must establish that ‘it is more likely

than not that he or she would be tortured if removed to the proposed country of

removal.’” Cole v. Holder, 659 F.3d 762, 770 (9th Cir. 2011) (quoting 8 C.F.R.

§ 208.16(c)(2)). In making this determination, the agency must consider all the

relevant evidence, see id. at 771 (citing 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(c)(3)), including

“[e]vidence that the applicant could relocate to a part of the country of removal

where he or she is not likely to be tortured.” 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(c)(3)(ii). The

BIA’s decision did not address Amezcua Gonzalez’s ability to safely relocate

within Mexico. Consequently, we grant the petition in part and remand Amezcua

Gonzalez’s CAT claim to the agency so that it may reconsider whether he is likely

to face future torture upon his return.

      PETITION GRANTED IN PART, DENIED IN PART, and

REMANDED. Each party to bear its own costs on appeal.




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                                                                          FILED
                                                                           MAY 02 2019
Amezcua Gonzalez v. Barr, No. 17-73229
                                                                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
CALLAHAN, Circuit Judge, concurring in part and dissenting in part:

      I concur in affirming of the denial of Amezcua Gonzalez’s withholding of

removal claim. However, unlike my colleagues, I do not read the record in this

case as “compelling” the conclusions that Amezcua Gonzalez experienced past

torture or that government officials acquiesced in his mistreatment. Accordingly,

while I concur in the remand, I do not consider the remand limited to the question

of relocation.
