                                                                  FILED 

                                                               AUGUST 21, 2014 

                                                         In the Office of the Clerk of Court 

                                                        WA State Court of Appeals, Division III 





          IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 

                             DIVISION THREE 


 STATE OF WASHINGTON,                         )        No. 31722-6-III
                                              )
                     Respondent,              )
                                              )
              v.                              )        UNPUBLISHED OPINION
                                              )
LUCAS J. MERRILL,                             )
                                              )
                     Defendant.               )

       LAWRENCS-BERREY, J. - This appeal of attorney sanctions is before us again

 after remand. In 2011, the trial court sanctioned defense attorney Matthew Harget for

twice contacting crime victims without a victim/witness advocate present. The victims of

Mr. Harget's client exercised their rights under RCW 7.69.030(10) to have an advocate

present at any prosecution or defense interview. Mr. Harget appealed and this court

remanded for the trial court to determine whether Mr. Harget's contact fell under the safe

. harbor provisions ofRCW 7.69.030(10). This court also determined that the court failed

to make a finding on bad faith, and this fmding was needed before sanctions could be

 imposed. On remand in 2013, the trial court found that Mr. Harget's first contact with the

 Gertlars was not made in bad faith. However, the court found that Mr. Harget's second
No. 31722-6-III
State v. Merrill


contact was made in bad faith because he contacted the Gertlars despite knowing of their

opposition. The court upheld the sanctions. Mr. Harget appeals. He challenges the trial

court's finding of bad faith. We affinn.

                                           FACTS

       Mr. Harget is an attorney who represented Lucas Merrill. J Mr. Merrill was

charged with assaulting members of the Gertlar family. The Gertlar family signed a

'''Notice of Victim's Intent to Rely on RCW 7.69.030(10).'" State v. Merrill, noted at

171 Wn. App. 1028,2012 WL 5458414 at *1. Through the document, the Gertlars

exercised their right to have a victim's advocate present at any prosecution or defense

interviews and demanded that any contact, interview, or correspondence be arranged

through the victim/witness office of the Spokane County Prosecutor's Office.

       Mr. Harget and the prosecutor assigned to the case, Stephen Garvin, began

negotiating a plea agreement. A pretrial hearing was scheduled for April 8, 2011, and

trial was scheduled for April 18. As of April 7, the parties had not come to an agreement

on a key provision. Mr. Harget did not know whether the Gertlars supported a plea

agreement. Furthermore, Mr. Harget believed that no more continuances would be

granted.



       J   The facts are taken from State v. Merrill, noted at 171 Wn. App. 1028,2012 WL

                                             2

No. 31722-6-111
State v. Merrill


        On April 7, Mr. Harget called Karen and Jay Gertlar to talk to them about the plea

agreement. According to Mr. Harget, he introduced himself as Mr. Merrill's attorney,

and they discussed the plea agreement for several minutes.

        Mr. Harget then reported the discussion to Mr. Garvin. Mr. Garvin responded that

he would talk to his supervisors about sanctions for Mr. Harget's contact.

        On May 13, Mr. Harget called the Gertlars again. This time Mr. Harget made

contact so he could prepare his defense on the State's motion for sanctions. The State

moved to sanction Mr. Harget for "willful discovery misconduct" and for violating

RCW 7.69.030(10) with the April 7, 2011 telephone call to the Gertlars.

       Mr. Harget filed several declarations in response and explained that he did not

believe that the notice filed by the Gertlars limited his ability to speak to victims because

defense counsel has a right to speak to witnesses and that the witnesses do not belong to

one side or the other. He also said that he thought Mr. Garvin would speak to the Gertlars

about the plea agreement. However, he did not know whether Mr. Garvin had actually

spoken to them or whether they supported the plea agreement. Mr. Harget said that based

on some e-mails, he did not know whether the State intended to move forward with the

plea or go to trial.


5458414 (Merrill I).

                                              3
No. 31722-6-III
State v. Merrill


          The State filed the declaration of vic timlwitness advocate, Lori Sheeley. Ms.

Sheeley recounted several conversations that she had with Ms. Gertlar about the Gertlars'

conversation with Mr. Harget. Ms. Gertlar said that she did not know that Mr. Harget

was Mr. Merrill's attorney, that she would not have spoken to him had she known who he

was, and that Mr. Harget pestered her until her husband finally hung up on him. Mr.

Harget disputes this.

          The trial court granted the motion for sanctions, relying on both its inherent

authority to control litigation and chapter 7.69 RCW. Essentially, the court found that

Mr. Harget failed to recognize the Gertlars' rights by engaging in the type of conduct that

RCW 7.69.030(10) prohibits. And that if Mr. Harget was unsure of the Gertlars' position

after the first contact, he became aware of their position and was not justified in

contacting them the second time without the victim's advocate. The court ordered Mr.

Harget to pay $100 to charity and participate in a one-hour ethics class about victim's

rights.

          Mr. Harget appealed the sanctions. Merrill, 2012 WL 5458414. This court

concluded that the first and second contact were both interviews that fell within the

provisions ofRCW 7.69.030(10). Merrill, 2012 WL 5458414 at *3. However, this court

determined that further proceedings were necessary in the case because the trial court



                                                4

No. 31722-6-111
State v. Merrill


failed to consider whether Mr. Harget relied on the "safe harbor" provisions of

RCW 7.69.030(10) when contacting the Gertlars. Merrill, 2012 WL 5458414 at *4. The

safe harbor provision as argued by Mr. Harget allowed contact with the victims if the

presence of the advocate is impractical and results in delay. Id. at *3. This court also

found that the trial court was required to make a finding of bad faith before imposing the

sanction and remanded the issues to the trial court. Id. at *4.

       On remand, the trial court found that Mr. Harget's first contact with the Gertlars

was not in bad faith. The court considered the exigencies of the situation, the impending

pretrial conference, the court's unwillingness to grant any further continuances, and the

lack of responsiveness from the prosecutor.

       However, for the second contact, the court found that Mr. Harget acted in bad faith

when he chose to purposefully telephone the Gertlars in an attempt to defend himself

from the threat of sanctions for the unwanted prior contact. The court also found that this

second contact was made with knowledge that the Gertlars complained to the State. The

court continued, "It is difficult to accept by any stretch of the imagination that after

learning that the Gertlars did not want contact with him without the victim advocate and

that the state was seeking sanctions for his previous contact, that Mr. Harget could

possibly believe that it would be acceptable to ignore the statute and its requirements."



                                              5

No. 31722-6-111
State v. Merrill


Clerk's Papers at 43. The court also determined that the second contact was not excused

under the safe harbor provision ofRCW 7.69.030.

       The court concluded that Mr. Harget's contact of the Gertlars, despite knowing

their wishes and rights, was inappropriate and improper. This amounted to bad faith. The

court ordered the sanctions to remain in effect. Mr. Harget appeals.

                                        ANALYSIS

       We review a trial court's decision to impose sanctions for an abuse of discretion.

State v. Gassman, 175 Wn.2d 208,210,283 P.3d 1113 (2012). This court defers to the

trier of fact for purposes of resolving conflicting testimony and evaluating the

persuasiveness of the evidence and credibility of the witnesses. Boeing Co. v. Heidy, 147

Wn.2d 78, 87, 51 P.3d 793 (2002). There is a presumption in favor ofthe trial court's

findings, and the party claiming error has the burden of showing that a finding of fact is

not supported by substantial evidence. Fisher Props., Inc. v. Arden-Mayfair, Inc., 115

Wn.2d 364, 369, 798 P.2d 799 (1990).

       A trial court has the inherent authority to sanction lawyers for improper conduct

during the course of litigation, but that generally requires a showing of "bad faith." State

v. SH., 102 Wn. App. 468, 475,8 P.3d 1058 (2000). The court is encouraged to make an

explicit finding of bad faith before imposing such sanctions. Gassman, 175 Wn.2d at


                                             6

No. 31722-6-III
State v. Merrill


211. "Sanctions may be appropriate if an act affects 'the integrity of the court and, [if]

left unchecked, would encourage future abuses.'" S.H, 102 Wn. App. at 475 (quoting

Gonzales v. Surgidev Corp., 120 N.M. 151,157,899 P.2d 594 (1995)).

       When invoked, violent crime victims have the right to have a victim advocate

present during any interview by defense or prosecution. RCW 7.69.030(10). However,

the right given by the statute "applies if practical and if the presence of the crime victim

advocate or support person does not cause any unnecessary delay in the investigation or

prosecution of the case." Id.

       Here, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in sanctioning Mr. Harget for his

second contact with the Gertlars. The trial court found that Mr. Harget's second contact

was made in bad faith. In support of this finding, the court noted that Mr. Harget

contacted the Gertlars a second time even though he knew that contact was not allowed

without the victim advocate and that the State was seeking sanctions on the first contact.

The court acknowledged that Mr. Harget's position was that he had the right to contact

witnesses and determine for himself if they wanted to speak to him without an advocate.

However, the court noted that there was no indication that he ever asked this question to

the Gertlars.




                                              7

No. 3 I 722-6-III
State v. Merrill


       Mr. Harget contends that the trial court ignored his arguments, particularly that he

was acting under the advice of his supervisors and that he thought that contact was

allowed to address his defense of the pending motion. He contends that his reasonable

reliance on his supervisors and his belief shows that he was not acting in bad faith.

       We will not reverse the trial court's order based on this contention. Mr. Harget

presented these arguments to the trial court. The trial court rejected Mr. Harget's reliance

on his beliefthat he could contact the witnesses directly. While the trial court did not

expressly reject Mr. Harget's reliance on his supervisor's advice, this is not enough to

overturn the ruling of the trial court. The trial court reviewed the evidence and made

credibility determinations. The court found that Mr. Harget knowingly contacted the

victims despite the pending motion for sanctions for the very same conduct. The finding

of bad faith is supported by substantial evidence.

       Mr. Harget argues that his contact with the Gertlars the second time was not in bad

faith because of his and his office's interpretation that RCW 7.69.030 does not extend to

interviews with regard to attorney sanctions. He impliedly argues that his interpretation is

a reasonable interpretation. We are not free to decide anew whether RCW 7.69.030

applies to contact with crime victims to gain information to defend oneself from charges

of misconduct. In Merrill I, this court held that such conduct violates the statute. See



                                             8

No. 3 1722-6-III
State v. Merrill


2012 WL 5458414. The law of the case doctrine binds us to this ruling. The law of the

case doctrine provides that an appellate holding enunciating a principle of law must be

followed in subsequent stages of the same litigation. Roberson v. Perez, 156 Wn.2d 33,

41, 123 P.3d 844 (2005). Under the law of the case doctrine, an appellate court will

generally refuse to consider issues that were decided in a prior appeal. Folsom v. County

o/Spokane, 111 Wn.2d 256,263-64, 759 P.2d 1196 (1988). In turn, the trial court found

Mr. Harget's second contact to be in bad faith. Weare bound by this finding of fact.

Thorndike v. Hesperian Orchards, Inc., 54 Wn.2d 570,343 P.2d 183 (1959); Burien

Motors, Inc. v. Balch, 9 Wn. App. 573, 576, 513 P.2d 582 (1973). This finding of bad

faith necessarily implies that Mr. Harget's interpretation of the statute is not reasonable.

       The trial court did not abuse its discretion when it imposed sanctions on Mr.

Harget.




                                              9

No. 31722-6-111
State v. Merrill


      We affirm.

      A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the

Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to

RCW 2.06.040. 



                                         Lawrence-Berrey, l.

WE CONCUR:




Brown, A.C.l.                               ~s.             I




                                            10 

