J-S43023-15


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                     PENNSYLVANIA
                          Appellee

                     v.

ROBERT MOORE III

                          Appellant                 No. 2660 EDA 2014


         Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence August 14, 2014
          In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
          Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0010920-2012


BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., PANELLA, J., and OLSON, J.

MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, J.:               FILED SEPTEMBER 28, 2015

     Appellant, Robert Moore III, appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered August 14, 2014, in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia

County. We affirm.

     The trial court summarized the pertinent facts of this case as follows.

            Barrington Rhoden (Rhoden) testified that on June 27,
     2012, at about 9:50 AM, he was working as a SEPTA bus driver
     at 4th and Market Streets. [Appellant] boarded the bus, but did
     not pay his fare. Mr. Rhoden closed the doors to the bus and
     started to proceed into traffic. At [that] point [Appellant] made
     a hard tap on Rhoden’s shoulder, and as Rhoden looked around,
     [Appellant] started to choke Rhoden with his right arm, while
     pulling back on Rhoden’s head with his left hand. As [Appellant]
     was pulling Rhoden out of his seat, Rhoden engaged the bus[’s]
     emergency brake.

           Rhoden attempted to pull down on the arm that was
     [choking] him, while loosening his seat belt, which was tying him
     into his seat. Rhoden got free of the seat belt, stopped the bus
     and stood up, and pushed his head against [Appellant’s] belly,
     causing [Appellant] to fall to the floor, with Rhoden on top of
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     him.   Passengers then came to Rhoden’s assistance, while
     another called 911 and the police responded. Rhoden was
     treated at the hospital for a sprained left toe which was injured
     during the incident. He was out of work for approximately two
     months.

           SEPTA Police Sergeant Kevin Mahoney testified that he was
     working in uniform when he and his partner responded to a radio
     call which took him to the bus at 4th and Market Streets.
     Mahoney and his partner attempted to pull the seated
     [Appellant] on the ground to handcuff him. [Appellant] flailed
     his arms, and failed to stop when Mahoney and his partner
     ordered him to do so 2-4 times. As he was attempting to
     subdue [Appellant], [Appellant] bit Sgt. Mahoney on the left
     hand. A utility knife was found underneath [Appellant]. The bite
     did not bleed, just caused a bit of redness, and Sgt. Mahoney did
     not require medical treatment.

Trial Court Opinion, 3/3/15 at 2-3 (unnumbered).

     Appellant proceeded to a waiver trial on May 22, 2014, after which the

trial court convicted him of two counts of aggravated assault, two counts of

simple assault, two counts of recklessly endangering another person and one

count of resisting arrest.   On August 14, 2014, the trial court sentenced

Appellant to an aggregate term of six to twelve years’ imprisonment,

followed by two years’ probation. This timely appeal followed.

     Appellant raises the following issues for our review.

     1. Whether the trial court erred in finding that the evidence was
        sufficient to show as a matter of law that appellant was guilty
        of aggravated assault (F1) where the Commonwealth failed to
        establish beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant attempted
        to cause or intentionally, knowingly or recklessly caused
        serious bodily injury to a SEPTA bus driver while in the
        performance of their duty where the Commonwealth failed to
        present any evidence of the Complainant being hit, kicked or
        struck in any way, no weapon was alleged to have been used
        and the uncontradicted evidence was that appellant and



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         Complainant wrestled with each other for no more than eight
         seconds?

      2. Whether the trial court erred in finding that evidence was
         sufficient to show as a matter of law that appellant was guilty
         of aggravated assault (F2) where the Commonwealth failed to
         establish beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant attempted
         to cause or intentionally or knowingly caused bodily injury to
         a SEPTA police officer in the performance of their duty where
         the evidence showed that appellant did not attempt to strike
         the police officer in any way, he merely flailed his arms, and
         the alleged “bite” to the officer’s hand resulted in no injury
         whatsoever?

      3. Did the sentencing court err in denying appellant’s timely filed
         Motion for a New Trial and Motion to Reconsider?

Appellant’s Brief at 5.

      Appellant first challenges the sufficiency of the evidence in support of

his convictions for aggravated assault.

             The standard we apply when reviewing the sufficiency of
      the evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at trial
      in the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there is
      sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every
      element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In applying the
      above test, we may not weigh the evidence and substitute our
      judgment for the fact-finder. In addition, we note that the facts
      and circumstances established by the Commonwealth need not
      preclude every possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding a
      defendant's guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder unless the
      evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no
      probability of fact may be drawn from the combined
      circumstances. The Commonwealth may sustain its burden of
      proving every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt
      by means of wholly circumstantial evidence. Moreover, in
      applying the above test, the entire record must be evaluated and
      all evidence actually received must be considered. Finally, the
      trier of fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and
      the weight of the evidence produced is free to believe all, part or
      none of the evidence. Furthermore, when reviewing a sufficiency
      claim, our Court is required to give the prosecution the benefit of
      all reasonable inferences to be drawn from the evidence.

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             However, the inferences must flow from facts and
      circumstances proven in the record, and must be of such volume
      and quality as to overcome the presumption of innocence and
      satisfy the jury of an accused's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
      The trier of fact cannot base a conviction on conjecture and
      speculation and a verdict which is premised on suspicion will fail
      even under the limited scrutiny of appellate review.

Commonwealth v. Slocum, 86 A.3d 272, 275-276 (Pa. Super. 2014)

(citation omitted).

      Appellant was convicted of one count of aggravated assault, graded as

a felony of the first degree (F1) as to SEPTA bus driver Barrington Rhoden,

and one count of aggravated assault, graded as a felony of the second

degree (F2) as to victim Sergeant Kevin Mahoney.        A person commits F1

aggravated assault where, inter alia, he or she “attempts to cause or

intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causes serious bodily injury to … an

employee of an agency, company or other entity engaged in public

transportation, while in the performance of duty[.]”          18 Pa.C.S.A. §

2702(a)(2).    The Crimes Code defines “serious bodily injury” as “bodily

injury which creates a substantial risk of death or which causes serious,

permanent disfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment of function of

any bodily member or organ.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2301. “For aggravated assault

purposes, an ‘attempt’ is found where the accused, with the required specific

intent, acts in a manner which constitutes a substantial step toward

perpetrating a serious bodily injury upon another.”       Commonwealth v.

Gray, 867 A.2d 560, 567 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citations omitted). “A person

acts intentionally with respect to a material element of an offense when ... it


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is his conscious object to engage in conduct of that nature or to cause such

a result.” Id. at 567-568 (citations omitted).

      As previously noted, Appellant began to choke and pull at Mr. Rhoden,

who at the time was operating a moving SEPTA bus.             As a result of the

assault, Mr. Rhoden was forced to engage the bus’s emergency brake and

rise from his seat in order to force Appellant to the ground and escape from

his chokehold. Although Appellant contends that the evidence did not

establish his intent to cause serious bodily injury because he did not “hit,

kick or strike” the SEPTA driver, we find this argument to be specious.

Appellant’s actions in choking a SEPTA bus driver who was actively engaged

in   operating   a   moving   public   transportation   vehicle   clearly   evinces

Appellant’s intent to cause serious bodily injury to that driver, and also

constitutes a substantial step towards that result. Although Mr. Rhoden did

not actually sustain serious bodily injury, had he not been able to thwart the

attack and engage the moving vehicle’s emergency brake, serious bodily

injury would have almost certainly occurred.      Viewing this evidence in the

light most favorable to the Commonwealth, we find that the Commonwealth

presented sufficient evidence for the fact-finder to infer that Appellant

attempted to inflict serious bodily injury upon Mr. Rhoden.

      We likewise find the evidence was sufficient to support Appellant’s

conviction of F2 aggravated assault.      A person is guilty of F2 aggravated

assault if, among other things, he “attempts to cause or intentionally or

knowingly causes bodily injury to [a police officer], in the performance of

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duty[.]”    18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2702(a)(3).     “[I]n a prosecution for aggravated

assault on a police officer[,] the Commonwealth has no obligation to

establish that the officer actually suffered a bodily injury; rather, the

Commonwealth must establish only an attempt to inflict bodily injury, and

this intent may be shown by circumstances which reasonably suggest that a

defendant intended to cause injury.”       Commonwealth v. Rahman, 75

A.3d 497, 502 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citation omitted).

      Here, Appellant repeatedly flailed his arms when Sergeant Mahoney

attempted to arrest him, and did not desist despite repeated requests do to

so.   Appellant additionally bit Sergeant Mahoney in the hand during the

arrest.    Although the bite did not require medical treatment, this violent

behavior clearly demonstrates that Appellant intended to cause Sergeant

Mahoney bodily injury. See Commonwealth v. Brown, 23 A.3d 544 (Pa.

Super. 2011) (finding jury could reasonably infer that the defendant

intended to cause the officer bodily injury when he responded violently to

the officer's attempt to arrest him). Accordingly, the evidence was sufficient

to convict Appellant of aggravated assault of a police officer under section

2702(a)(3).

      Finally, Appellant argues that the trial court erred in denying his

motion for a new trial and motion to reconsider sentence. Appellant argued

in his motion for a new trial that “a new trial should be ordered as the

verdict was against the weight of the evidence.”        Post Trial Motion for

Reconsideration of Sentence and/or for New Trial and/or In Arrest of

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Judgment, 8/18/14 at ¶5.2.          In support of this argument on appeal,

Appellant merely repeats the arguments he raised in support of his challenge

to the sufficiency of the evidence, discussed above.     As we have already

found these claims to be without merit, his challenge to the weight of the

evidence, premised on the same unavailing arguments, must likewise fail.

      Appellant’s claim that the trial court erred in denying his motion to

reconsider sentence invokes a challenge to the discretionary aspects of his

sentence. Preliminarily, we must determine whether Appellant has the right

to seek permission to appeal the sentencing court’s exercise of its discretion.

See Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 170 (Pa. Super. 2010).

When an appellant challenges the discretionary aspects of his sentence, we

utilize a four-part test to determine

      (1) whether appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, see Pa.
      R.A.P. 902 and 903; (2) whether the issue was properly
      preserved at sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and modify
      sentence, see Pa. R. Crim. P. [720]; (3) whether appellant’s
      brief has a fatal defect, Pa. R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether
      there is a substantial question that the sentence appealed from
      is not appropriate       under     the   Sentencing Code, 42
      PA.CONS.STAT.ANN. § 9781(b).

Id. (internal citations omitted).

      In the present case, our review of the record reveals that Appellant

failed to raise the specific arguments he now seeks for us to review in

support of his discretionary aspects of sentencing claim either in his post-

sentence motion or at sentencing. See Post Trial Motion for Reconsideration

of Sentence and/or for New Trial and/or In Arrest of Judgment, 8/18/14 at


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¶5.3. (stating only that “[t]he defendant respectfully prays that the [c]ourt

will reconsider his sentence.”); Matters Complained of on Appeal, 12/11/14

at ¶3 (arguing only that “the sentencing court err[ed] in denying appellant’s

timely filed Motion for a New Trial and Motion to Reconsider[.]”).

      In the Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial court noted with frustration that

Appellant “sought reconsideration of sentence, but offered no claims or basis

for such reconsideration, nor is there any indication in the 1925(b)

statement as what any alleged sentence error might consist of.” Trial Court

Opinion, 3/3/15 at 7 (unnumbered).         As Appellant preserved none of the

arguments he now raises in support of his discretionary aspects of

sentencing claim in either his post-sentence motion or even in his Rule

1925(b)   statement,    they   are   not    subject   to   our   review.   See

Commonwealth v. Tejada, 107 A.3d 788, 799 (Pa. Super. 2015);

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(ii) (“The statement shall concisely identify each ruling

or error that the appellant intends to challenge with sufficient detail to

identify all pertinent issues for the judge.”); id. at (b)(4)(vii) (“Issues not

included in the statement and/or not raised in accordance with the

provisions of this paragraph (b)(4) are waived.”).




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     Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 9/28/2015




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