[Cite as Millers v. Kasnett, 2015-Ohio-298.]


                 Court of Appeals of Ohio
                                    EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                       COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA



                                   JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
                                           No. 100448



                                               RAY MILLERS

                                                              PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE

                                                   vs.

                                      DANIEL KASNETT, ET AL.

                                                              DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS




                                               JUDGMENT:
                                                AFFIRMED



                                           Civil Appeal from the
                                        Cleveland Municipal Court
                                        Case No. 2012 CVH 000777


        BEFORE: Celebrezze, A.J., S. Gallagher, J., and E.A. Gallagher, J.

        RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: January 29, 2015
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS

Lester S. Potash
Lester S. Potash, Attorney at Law
25700 Science Park Drive
Suite 270
Beachwood, Ohio 44122


ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE

Thomas P. Owen
Robert G. Friedman
Powers Friedman Linn, P.L.L.
23240 Chagrin Boulevard
Suite 180
Cleveland, Ohio 44122
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., A.J.:

          {¶1} Third-party appellant, Sandra Kasnett, appeals from the judgment of the Cleveland

Municipal Court finding appellee, Ray Millers, was entitled to $17,510.51 contained in a bank

account maintained in Sandra’s name. Sandra argues the trial court lacked jurisdiction because

the amount of the transferred judgment and amount sought from the bank account was over the

jurisdictional limit of the municipal court.   After a thorough review of the records and law, we

affirm.

                               I.   Factual and Procedural History

          {¶2} A default judgment was rendered against Daniel Kasnett in the amount of

$296,287.87 by a court in Denver, Colorado.         On February 9, 2011, Millers filed for the

domestication of this judgment with the Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court.          On April 22,

2010, Millers’s foreign judgment was domesticated. A certificate of judgment was filed in the

Cleveland Municipal Court on January 13, 2012, by Millers. Millers engaged in collection

actions attempting to satisfy the judgment.      On July 16, 2012, Millers filed an affidavit of

garnishment for other than personal earnings seeking to obtain the balance of a J.P.Morgan

Chase Bank, N.A. (“Chase”) account held by Sandra.       Millers asserted the funds in the account

belonged to Daniel. Chase deposited the money in the account, $17,510.51, with the court.

Sandra contested ownership of the funds and requested a hearing.

          {¶3} A hearing was held before a magistrate on February 5, 2013, which was not

transcribed or recorded. Several financial statements were used as exhibits during the hearing,

which are contained in the record, and excerpts from Sandra’s deposition were introduced.
Therein she testified that she established the account to manage Daniel’s finances and deposits

largely consisted of payments for contract work Daniel provided to various businesses.

       {¶4} The magistrate found that Sandra’s testimony sufficiently established that the

account was established to assist Daniel with his finances and debts. The magistrate also found

that the money in the account came from multiple sources: “The Chase bank account received

various deposits from many sources, including checks from [Sandra’s] husband, her sister, as

well as other sources. [Sandra] also received funds and checks written to her for services and

jobs performed by [Daniel], which were also deposited into the Chase account.” Addressing the

traceability of the funds in the account, the magistrate found,

       [Sandra] previously and subsequently opened and closed multiple accounts in

       both her name alone, and joint accounts in her and [Daniel’s] name. Monies

       were transferred to and from multiple bank accounts: checking and savings.

       [Sandra], in what she claimed was managing [Daniel’s] account and finances, had

       commingled funds from several other accounts with the Chase bank account at

       issue.

The magistrate went on to find, “[Sandra] attempted to account for all the monies that had been

in the bank account at issue, and used for [Daniel’s] personal expenditures. However, many

withdraws were done for cash, receipts were not available, and the commingling of multiple

accounts made it difficult to account for everything.”

       {¶5} The magistrate’s decision was issued on April 19, 2013, and the trial court adopted

the decision the same day.    Sandra filed a motion to dismiss the action for lack of jurisdiction

on April 30, 2013. She also filed objections to the magistrate’s decision on May 3, 2013. The

trial court denied the motion to dismiss, citing R.C. 1901.19(D), and overruled her objections to
the magistrate’s decision on August 27, 2013. Sandra then appealed raising three errors for

review:

          I. The $15,000 monetary limitation of a municipal court’s jurisdiction applies to
          the transfer of a judgment from another court, thus the municipal court below
          lacked subject matter jurisdiction to accept for filing a certificate of judgment in
          excess of $15,000 and to undertake proceedings in aid of execution upon that
          judgment.

          II. The trial court failed to conduct an independent review of the Magistrate’s
          Decision as mandated by Civ.R. 53(D)(4)(d).

          III.   The court below erred as a matter of law when sustaining the garnishment of

          the funds in Account 5382.

                                        II.   Law and Analysis

                                              A. Standing

          {¶6} First, this court must address Millers’s argument that Sandra does not have standing

to appeal the lower court order because she never filed a motion to intervene pursuant to Civ.R.

24.

          {¶7} Here, Sandra filed a motion as a third-party plaintiff asserting ownership of the

garnished funds. This court has recently set forth the means of asserting oneself into attachment

or garnishment proceedings. Sky Bank v. Lenart & Assocs., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99403,

2013-Ohio-5122. There, we held that a party could either file for leave to intervene pursuant to

Civ.R. 24, or could follow the procedures set forth in R.C. 2715.40 and 2329.84. Here, Sandra

filed a motion titled “Third Party Claim,” which cited no civil rule or statute, but in substance,

sought to intervene, to be added as a third-party plaintiff, and claimed an ownership interest in

the garnished funds. Sandra also attached her sworn affidavit.

          {¶8} Civ.R. 24(A) provides:
        Upon timely application anyone shall be permitted to intervene in an action: (1)
       when a statute of this state confers an unconditional right to intervene; or (2) when
       the applicant claims an interest relating to the property or transaction that is the
       subject of the action and the applicant is so situated that the disposition of the
       action may as a practical matter impair or impede the applicant’s ability to protect
       that interest, unless the applicant’s interest is adequately represented by existing
       parties.

       {¶9} There is no journal entry in the record granting Sandra’s motion to be joined as a

party to the action, but the court acted as if it had granted the motion.   The court allowed Sandra

to fully participate, granting her continuances, allowing her to file objections to the magistrate’s

decision and even sustaining those objections.1       The trial court docket also lists Sandra as a

third-party claimant as if her motion was granted. Sandra sufficiently complied with Civ.R. 24

in order to obtain standing to bring this appeal. This court finds that Sandra’s motion was

impliedly granted and she has standing to appeal in this case.

                                          B.   Jurisdiction

       {¶10} First, Sandra claims that the municipal court lacked jurisdiction to accept the

transfer of a judgment over $15,000.

       {¶11} The jurisdiction of the municipal courts of Ohio is limited by statute.           R.C.

1901.18 sets forth subject matter jurisdiction, and R.C. 1901.17 sets the monetary jurisdictional

limit, excluding housing and environmental divisions that may exist in those courts, to $15,000.

Therefore, in order for a municipal court to have jurisdiction, with limited exceptions, the

amount in controversy must be within this sum.




         The magistrate had initially denied Sandra’s claims after a hearing date was erroneously
       1


scheduled and Sandra did not appear. The resultant magistrate’s decision was objected to by Sandra,
and was sustained by the trial court and a new hearing was scheduled.
         {¶12} This court has recently faced a similar situation dealing with the Berea Municipal

Court.    Frank Novak & Sons, Inc. v. A-Team, L.L.C., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 100393,

2014-Ohio-1730. This court determined that the municipal court did not have jurisdiction to

entertain an order of execution above the $15,000 jurisdictional limit.       Id. at ¶ 8. There are

cases from other appellate districts taking a similar stance, which are discussed in Frank Novak

& Sons.     See Aselage v. Lithoprint Ltd., 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 23527, 2009-Ohio-7036;

Transamerica Commercial Fin. Corp. v. Mid-America Marine, Inc., 11th Dist. Ashtabula No.

92-A-1720, 1993 Ohio App. LEXIS 3583 (July 16, 1993). These courts determined that the

specific monetary jurisdictional limit provision of R.C. 1901.17 dictates this outcome over the

general judgment transfer provision found in R.C. 2329.02. See Frank Novak & Sons, Aselage,

Transamerica Commercial.

         {¶13} But these cases do not dictate the outcome here. This is because the municipal

court of Cleveland has exceptional powers under the municipal court jurisdictional statute, R.C.

1901.19. R.C. 1901.19(A) provides, subject to the monetary jurisdiction and the subject matter

jurisdiction of municipal courts as set forth in section 1901.18 of the Revised Code, municipal

courts have powers to compel witnesses, issue executions on their own judgments, to enforce

collection of their own judgments, issue and enforce orders of attachment, and others.           R.C.

1901.19(A)(1)-(6). However, the Cleveland Municipal Court is singled out in the Revised Code

and possesses additional powers. R.C. 1901.19(D) (the “Cleveland subsection”) provides,

         [t]he municipal court of Cleveland also has jurisdiction in all actions and

         proceedings in the nature of creditors’ bills, and in aid of execution to subject the

         interests of a judgment debtor in real or personal property to the payment of a

         judgment of the court. In those actions and proceedings, the court may proceed to
       marshal and foreclose all liens on the property irrespective of the amount of the

       lien, and all vested or contingent rights in the property.

There is no limiting language in R.C. 1901.19(D) as there is in R.C. 1901.19(A) to limit these

powers to cases where the amount in controversy is under $15,000.

       {¶14} Even though substantially similar language to that found in R.C. 1901.19(D) has

existed prior to enactment of the Ohio Municipal Court Act in the 1950s,2 no case deals

precisely with the issue presented here relating to the Cleveland Municipal Court.       Therefore,

rules of statutory construction must be employed to determine the meaning the Cleveland

subsection.

       {¶15} “In interpreting statutes, a reviewing court should make every effort to give effect

to each word, phrase, and clause.”        Selwyn v. Grimes, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 101252,

2014-Ohio-5147, ¶ 12, citing Boley v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 125 Ohio St.3d 510,

2010-Ohio-2550, 929 N.E.2d 448, ¶ 21. A court should attempt to discern the legislative intent

of the statute, “normally found in the words and phrases of the statute, read in context according

to standard rules of grammar and common usage.” Id., citing State ex rel. Mager v. State

Teachers Retirement Sys. of Ohio, 123 Ohio St.3d 195, 2009-Ohio-4908, 915 N.E.2d 320, ¶ 14.

       {¶16} R.C. 1901.19(A) begins with language limiting the jurisdiction of municipal courts

to those cases satisfying R.C. 1901.17 and 1901.18.       However, the Cleveland subsection does

not contain similar language. Further, R.C. 1901.19(A)(5) has very similar language to R.C.

1901.19(D): “In any action or proceeding in the nature of creditors’ bills, and in aid of execution,



          See former G.C. 1579-7; In re Conservative Mtge. & Guar. Co., 24 F.2d 38 (6th Cir.1928);
       2


First Fed. S. & L. Assn. v. Shorts, 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 3187, 82 N.E.2d 426 (1947); Robert L.
Wills, The New Ohio Municipal Court Act, 12 Ohio St.L.J. 314 (1951).
to subject the interest of a judgment debtor in personal property to the payment of a judgment of

the court[.]”

       {¶17} The inclusion of this same language in the Cleveland subsection would be

duplicative and superfluous if Sandra’s interpretation were accepted. The inclusion of personal

property as already stated in R.C. 1901.19(A)(5) along with real property in the Cleveland

subsection does not mean the section simply gives the Cleveland Municipal Court the power of

foreclosure as Sandra argues.3       Neither does the fact that Cleveland Municipal Court has a

housing division.       R.C. 1901.17 already excludes the housing court from the monetary

limitation.     Further, Toledo also has a housing court division in its municipal court, and it is not

similarly singled out in R.C. 1901.19. See R.C. 1901.011. The restatement of this language

outside the jurisdictional limitation in R.C. 1901.19(A) provides a clear intent to unfetter the

Cleveland Municipal Court from the monetary jurisdictional limit in aid of execution of

judgments.

       {¶18} Therefore we hold that R.C. 1901.19(D) bestows upon the Cleveland Municipal

Court the authority to accept the transfer of a judgment above the monetary limit set forth in R.C.

1901.17. The trial court did not err in accepting the filing of the judgment or in accepting

jurisdiction over the garnishment proceedings in this case. Sandra’s first assignment of error is

overruled.

                               C.   Independent Review by the Judge



       3
          R.C. 1901.19(A)(5) provides in part, “in aid of execution, to subject the interest of a
judgment debtor in personal property to the payment of a judgment of the court.” R.C. 1901.19(D)
provides in part, “in aid of execution to subject the interests of a judgment debtor in real or personal
property to the payment of a judgment of the court.”
       {¶19} Next, Sandra claims the trial court did not engage in an independent analysis of the

case and merely rubber-stamped the magistrate’s decision when adopting it as the court’s own.

Sandra cites to the one-sentence opinion issued by the court adopting the magistrate’s decision.

She also claims the trial court abused its discretion in adopting the magistrate’s decision.

       {¶20} A magistrate may be appointed to hear disputes pursuant to Civ.R. 53.

               Civ.R. 53(D)(4)(d) requires that a trial court, in ruling on timely filed
       objections to a magistrate’s decision, “undertake an independent review as to the
       objected matters to ascertain that the magistrate has properly determined the
       factual issues and appropriately applied the law.” A trial court may not merely
       “rubber stamp” a magistrate’s decision. Knauer v. Keener, 143 Ohio App.3d 789,
       793, 758 N.E.2d 1234 (2d Dist.2001). A reviewing court will presume that the
       trial court conducted an independent review of the magistrate’s decision unless
       the appellant affirmatively shows that the trial court failed to conduct an
       independent analysis. Rokakis v. W. Res. Leasing Co., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
       95058, 2011-Ohio-1926, ¶ 18, citing McCarty v. Hayner, 4th Dist. Jackson No.
       08CA8, 2009-Ohio- 4540, ¶ 18. Further, the mere fact that the trial court adopted
       the magistrate’s decision does not show that the court did not exercise its
       independent judgment. Id.

Brzozowski v. Brzozowski, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 101013, 2014-Ohio-4820, ¶ 7.

       {¶21} The trial court overruled Sandra’s objections to the magistrate’s decision and

adopted that decision without any exposition.         However, that does not show lack of an

independent review of the matters to which proper objections were raised.       “[T]he trial court is

not required to ‘comment or reference’ any portion of the record in undertaking its independent

review of the record.”        Ernsberger v. Ernsberger, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 100675,

2014-Ohio-4470, ¶ 21, citing Pietrantano v. Pietrantano, 12th Dist. Warren No.

CA2013-01-002, 2013-Ohio-4330, ¶ 18.

       {¶22} It is more likely that Sandra’s failure to support her arguments with a statement of

the evidence made the factual questions she raised easy for the court to overrule. Civ.R.

53(D)(3)(b)(iii) provides that any objection to a magistrate’s factual finding “shall be supported
by a transcript of all the evidence submitted to the magistrate relevant to that finding or an

affidavit of that evidence if a transcript is not available.”

        {¶23} Here, Sandra’s objections to the magistrate’s decision took issue with factual

determinations. However, Sandra did not provide a transcript or statement of the evidence

adduced at the hearing.    She offered an insufficient record to raise and support factual issues.

        {¶24} “A party objecting to a magistrate’s decision must support the objections with a

transcript of all the evidence relevant to the disputed fact or an affidavit of that evidence if a

transcript is not available.” Mulqueeny v. Mentor Chiropractic Ctr., Inc., 11th Dist. Lake No.

2001-L-034, 2002 Ohio App. LEXIS 1671,*6 (Apr. 12, 2002), citing Civ.R. 53(E)(3)(b); Yancey

v. Haehn, 11th Dist. Geauga No. 99-G-2210, 2000 Ohio App. LEXIS 788 (Mar. 3, 2000). “The

failure to support objections advanced under Civ.R. 53 precludes any argument on appeal of the

factual determinations.” Id., citing Dintino v. Dintino, 11th Dist. Trumbull No. 97-T-0047,

1997 Ohio App. LEXIS 6027 (Dec. 31, 1997).

        {¶25} Here, Sandra claims the magistrate and trial court did not make a proper

determination that the money in the Chase account was subject to garnishment. She claims the

magistrate and court did not find factors necessary to establish a fraudulent transfer under R.C.

1336.01, et seq. Although the magistrate’s decision finds the transfer of funds into the Chase

account was a fraudulent transfer, that is not required in this case. The question before the

magistrate was whether the funds in the Chase account were subject to garnishment, i.e., did the

money in the account in the name of a third person belong to Daniel?       The trial court’s decision

does not hinge on the fraudulent nature of any transfer.

        {¶26} Sandra also claims the magistrate and trial court made no attempt to determine

what portion, if any, belonged to Sandra. The magistrate’s decision makes clear that through
transfers from multiple bank accounts, multiple transactions “for cash” and without proper

receipts, Sandra had destroyed the traceability of any funds in the account. The magistrate

specifically addressed this in its decision, and any objection raised to the trial court was

unsupported by a statement of the evidence. Therefore, Sandra’s second and third assigned

errors must be overruled.

                                        III.   Conclusion

       {¶27} The trial court properly ordered the garnishment of funds in an account held in

Sandra’s name but clearly maintained for Daniel with deposited funds belonging to Daniel. The

court had jurisdiction and properly determined that the funds belonged to Daniel and were

subject to garnishment.

       {¶28} Judgment affirmed.

       It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.

       The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment into

execution.

       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the

Rules of Appellate Procedure.



FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE

SEAN C. GALLAGHER, J., and
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR
