                           This opinion will be unpublished and
                           may not be cited except as provided by
                           Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

                                STATE OF MINNESOTA
                                IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                      A14-1811

                                     Anita P. Doering,
                                         Relator,

                                             vs.

                 Department of Employment and Economic Development,
                                     Respondent.

                                    Filed May 18, 2015
                                         Affirmed
                                        Kirk, Judge

                  Department of Employment and Economic Development
                                  File No. 32748777-3


Anita P. Doering, Alexandria, Minnesota (pro se relator)

Lee B. Nelson, Munazza Humayun, Department of Employment and Economic
Development, St. Paul, Minnesota (for respondent department)


      Considered and decided by Kirk, Presiding Judge; Ross, Judge; and Reilly, Judge.

                          UNPUBLISHED OPINION

KIRK, Judge

      Relator challenges the determinations of the unemployment-law judge (ULJ), arguing

that the ULJ’s findings were not supported by substantial evidence and that relator did not

fraudulently fail to report her hours and earnings. We affirm.
                                           FACTS

       Relator Anita P. Doering established an unemployment-benefit account with

respondent Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED) on

May 5, 2013, after being discharged from her employer.

       In March 2014, DEED performed an audit of Doering’s earnings from June 9, 2013,

to January 4, 2014, and found that she had underreported her hours and earnings and had

committed fraud. DEED issued a determination of ineligibility and a determination of fraud

from which Doering appealed. A ULJ found that Doering had been overpaid $4,530 and

assessed a $1,527.20 fraud penalty for Doering’s failure to accurately disclose her earnings

under Minn. Stat. § 268.18 (2014) and reaffirmed on reconsideration. Doering did not seek

certiorari of these decisions.

       In July 2014, DEED issued two additional determinations of ineligibility stating that

a review of Doering’s 2014 reported hours and earnings indicated an overpayment of $2,491

in 2014 unemployment benefits based on her misreporting of income and that Doering’s

misreporting constituted fraud, which triggered a statutory penalty of $996.40. Doering

filed a timely appeal of both the ineligibility determination and the fraud determination.

       On August 7, 2014, a ULJ conducted a telephonic evidentiary hearing. Doering’s

appeals of the July 2014 ineligibility determination and fraud determination were

consolidated and reviewed by the ULJ at the evidentiary hearing. At the hearing, Doering

appeared pro se and her employers chose not to appear.

       Doering testified that after she established her unemployment-benefit account in May

2013, she was hired by Carson Pirie Scott II, Inc. in June 2013 for $9.00 per hour. A payroll


                                              2
supervisor from Carson Pirie Scott submitted a copy of Doering’s 2013 and 2014 earnings

to DEED. Doering confirmed that her earnings as reported by Carson Pirie Scott’s payroll

supervisor were correct and that she had not reported the same hours or earnings to DEED

in her weekly applications for unemployment benefits. When the ULJ asked Doering to

explain the discrepancy, Doering explained that, because Carson Pirie Scott paid her

biweekly, she was unclear as to how many hours she worked each week. Doering testified

that she “ball-parked” her hours and earnings “based . . . on what [she] had written down on

[her] schedule and off [her] memory if [her] schedule was different.” Doering admitted that

she “never knew exactly how much [she] made.” Doering also testified that at the time she

reported her hours and earnings to DEED, she believed that they were true and correct.

      In 2014, Doering held a second job with employer Clifton Larson Allen, LLP where

she earned $12.50 per hour. Doering testified that while she often worked 40 hours a week

at Clifton Larson Allen, which meant her weekly earnings were $500, she underreported her

income at the beginning of her employment because she was not sure whether she would be

working full-time. Doering also testified that she continued to apply for unemployment

benefits from January 2014 through May 2014 based on the advice of a DEED employee

who told her that she should continue to request payment of unemployment benefits in case

the federal government granted a benefit extension. Doering admitted that she did not

receive any unemployment benefits in 2014 because her benefit payments were used to

repay the 2013 overpayment.

      When the ULJ asked Doering why she had failed to correctly report her earnings

from Clifton Larson Allen in 2014, Doering initially replied that a computer glitch


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prevented her from inputting her earnings and that the DEED employee had confirmed to

her that her online unemployment-benefit account was “all screwed up.” Doering did not

provide any written documentation at the evidentiary hearing to support her claims

regarding her conversation with the DEED employee or the employee’s assessment of her

online unemployment-benefit account. When the ULJ pointed out that DEED’s records

indicated that Doering had in fact incorrectly reported her earnings from Clifton Larson

Allen, Doering replied that she had experienced difficulty entering her weekly earnings on

her iPhone for March 2014 and had accidentally entered $200 or $300 in weekly earnings

when she meant to enter $500.

      Doering explained that she tried to fix the errors by overreporting her earnings for

select weeks in March and April 2014, and that she believed that she had effectively

counterbalanced the earlier underreporting of her weekly earnings. Doering also testified

that she corrected the earnings online and in writing before she received notification from

DEED in a letter sent to her in May 2014 that her earnings were being audited. But Doering

provided no evidence that she corrected her earnings online before May 2014. Doering

denied committing fraud when reporting her hours and earnings, but admitted that she did

not dispute the accuracy of her earnings as reported by her employers.

      The ULJ issued two decisions.       The ULJ found that Doering owed $2,642 for

overpayment of unemployment benefits in 2014, which reflected an increase from DEED’s

initial determination of a $2,491 overpayment. The ULJ also found that Doering had

committed fraud because she knowingly misrepresented her earnings from January 5, 2014

through April 27, 2014. The ULJ based her decision on Doering’s testimony that she


                                             4
estimated her hours and earnings because she did not remember her hours and that she tried

to “balance out” her hours and earnings over time. The ULJ found that “Doering did not

have a good faith belief that her earnings, as she reported them, were correct for each

week.” The ULJ also found that it was irrelevant to her decision that Doering later amended

her reported earnings after DEED informed her of the audit because she had incorrectly and

without a good-faith belief “failed to properly report her wages to the department at the time

she made her weekly requests for benefits.”

       Doering timely requested reconsideration, arguing that there was no overpayment

because she had mailed in a corrected version of her earnings, and that because she had

corrected all outstanding errors, she had not committed fraud. On October 10, a different

ULJ affirmed the first ULJ’s findings of fact and decision. The new ULJ rejected Doering’s

explanation that she had mistakenly entered her earnings, noting that Doering had also

underreported her hours and that Doering’s later correction of her earnings did not change

the fact that she “did not have a good faith belief in the correctness of her answers at the

time she requested benefits.” The ULJ noted that the unemployment benefits Doering had

requested in 2014 were used to offset the 2013 overpayment. But because Doering should

have been ineligible for benefits, the previous overpayment of $4,530 should not have been

offset and she must repay the 2014 overpayment.

                                      DECISION

I.     The ULJ’s ineligibility determinations are supported by substantial evidence.

       This court may affirm a ULJ’s decision or remand the case for further proceedings.

Minn. Stat. § 268.105, subd. 7(d) (2014). We may also reverse or modify a ULJ’s decision


                                              5
if a relator’s substantial rights have been prejudiced because the ULJ’s findings, inferences,

conclusion, or decision are made upon unlawful procedure, affected by an error of law, not

based on substantial evidence in the record, or arbitrary or capricious. Id. “We view the

ULJ’s factual findings in the light most favorable to the decision” under review and give

deference to the ULJ’s credibility determinations. Skarhus v. Davanni’s Inc., 721 N.W.2d

340, 344 (Minn. App. 2006).

       The purpose of unemployment insurance is to assist those who are unemployed

through no fault of their own. Minn. Stat. § 268.03, subd. 1 (2014). The Minnesota

Unemployment Insurance Law “is remedial in nature and must be applied in favor of

awarding unemployment benefits,” and any provision precluding receipt of benefits “must

be narrowly construed.” Minn. Stat. § 268.031, subd. 2 (2014). There is no equitable denial

or allowance of benefits. Minn. Stat. § 268.069, subd. 3 (2014).

       Doering challenges the ULJ’s determinations that she was overpaid benefits and that

the overpayment occurred because of fraud, arguing that the ULJ’s findings were incorrect

because they failed to: (1) explain how DEED determined that she received overpayments in

2014; (2) explain why her weekly benefit changed each week; (3) correct her hours and

earnings for two weeks in April 2014; and (4) find that she did not request unemployment-

benefit payments in March, April, or May 2014.

       First, there is substantial evidence in the record to support the ULJ’s determination

that Doering was overpaid benefits in 2014.       DEED conducted an audit of Doering’s

earnings and wages, which revealed that she failed to accurately report her earnings when

she applied for unemployment benefits from January 2014 through May 2014. The record


                                              6
before the ULJ, which included the weekly records of Doering’s earnings and hours as

reported by her employers, clearly showed that Doering received an overpayment of

unemployment-benefit payments. When Doering established her benefit account, DEED

mailed her an information handbook explaining that when she requested weekly

unemployment-benefit payments, she must report any hours worked and her total earnings,

and that “[t]here are no exceptions.” But Doering testified that she repeatedly underreported

her hours because she was not sure that she would be working full time and a DEED

employee told her to do so in order to keep her unemployment account active in case

Congress extended unemployment benefits. Doering’s underreporting triggered DEED to

find her eligible to receive payment of unemployment benefits, which were applied to

recoup the 2013 overpayments.       Under Minn. Stat. § 268.18, subd. 1(b) (2014), the

commissioner may offset the amount of an outstanding payment from future unemployment

benefits. Doering also testified at the hearing that she knew that DEED was applying her

2014 unemployment benefits to pay the 2013 overpayment. Doering’s later attempt to

counterbalance her earnings by overreporting her hours and earnings for some weeks in

March and April 2014 did not rectify the fact that she had received unemployment benefits

in 2014 when she was in fact ineligible. Second, there is also no evidence in the record that

Doering’s weekly unemployment benefit changed, contrary to her claims.

       Third, Doering argues that the ULJ’s findings do not accurately reflect the corrected

version of her earnings that she submitted in her request for reconsideration for the weeks of

April 20–April 26, and April 27–May 3, 2014. Doering submitted a copy of her paycheck

from Clifton Larson Allen for the weeks in question. Doering’s paycheck reflected that


                                              7
from April 16 through April 30, she worked 104 hours and earned $1,327.30, which

included 11 hours of overtime pay. From April 20 through May 3, Clifton Larson Allen

reported to DEED that Doering worked 62 hours and earned $770. The ULJ found that for

each of these weeks, Doering worked 40 hours and earned $500. Here, the ULJ was

provided with conflicting information regarding Doering’s reported hours and earnings.

Under the circumstances, we can see substantial evidence to support the finding that

Doering earned $500 each week and worked at least 40 hours a week based on the copy of

her submitted paycheck from Clifton Larson Allen. See Minn. Ctr. for Envtl. Advocacy v.

Minn. Pollution Control Agency, 644 N.W.2d 457, 464 (Minn. 2002) (stating that a decision

is supported by substantial evidence when it is supported by “more than a scintilla of

evidence”).

      Fourth, the record substantially supports the ULJ’s findings about Doering’s reported

hours and earnings in March, April, and May. On the weeks that Doering overreported her

weekly earnings in an attempt to counterbalance previous underreporting of her earnings,

DEED did not pay her unemployment. In all other weeks during these three months,

Doering underreported her earnings and hours, and she was found to be eligible for

unemployment benefits.

II.   Doering received overpayments of unemployment benefits by fraud.

      “Any applicant who receives unemployment benefits by knowingly misrepresenting,

misstating, or failing to disclose any material fact, or who makes a false statement or

representation without a good faith belief as to the correctness of the statement or

representation, has committed fraud.” Minn. Stat. § 268.18, subd. 2(a). The statute imposes


                                            8
a mandatory penalty in the amount of 40% of the benefits fraudulently obtained.             Id.

“Whether a claimant knowingly and willfully misrepresented or misstated material facts to

obtain benefits involves the credibility of the claimant’s testimony . . . .” Burnevik v. Dep’t

of Econ. Sec., 367 N.W.2d 681, 683 (Minn. App. 1985).

       Doering argues that she did not commit fraud because she later corrected all

reporting errors in the May 2014 letter to DEED. But the record supports the ULJ’s

determination that the 2014 overpayment was a result of fraud because she did not have a

good-faith belief that her reports of earnings and hours were correct. Doering does not

dispute that she initially failed to correctly report her income to DEED, but she argues that

she had no intent to defraud the system. However, the statute requires either knowing

misrepresentation or making a false statement without a good-faith belief as to its

correctness. See Minn. Stat. § 268.18, subd. 2(a). The issue here is not that Doering

knowingly misreported her earnings in the first place, but whether she had a good-faith

belief as to its correctness. Clearly, the ULJ did not believe Doering’s explanations as to

why she misreported her earnings and hours and found that she did not have a good-faith

belief. This court defers to the ULJ’s credibility determinations. See Skarhus, 721 N.W.2d

at 344. Doering asks this court to re-assess the credibility of her testimony on these issues,

but that is not the province of this court.

       Affirmed.




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