                            STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA 

                          SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS 


State of West Virginia,

Plaintiff Below, Respondent                                                FILED 

                                                                       November 2, 2018
vs.)   No. 17-0607 (Cabell County 16-F-107)                                  released at 3:00 p.m.
                                                                         EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
                                                                         SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
Michelle Ann Kitchen,                                                         OF WEST VIRGINIA
Defendant Below, Petitioner.

                             MEMORANDUM DECISION

               After pleading guilty to providing her sixteen-year-old daughter with heroin,
Petitioner Michelle Ann Kitchen was sentenced to incarceration. Her sentence was
suspended, however, and she was placed on probation for three years with extended
supervision for ten years. Six months later, Ms. Kitchen admitted to violating the terms of
her probation by using a controlled substance and failing to attend outpatient rehabilitation
therapy, in addition to other violations. The circuit court revoked her probation and
reinstated her original sentence. Ms. Kitchen appeals1 this decision on the basis that
although she used drugs despite being prohibited from doing so, the restriction was not a
“special term” of her probation and she should, therefore, be entitled to the application of
West Virginia Code § 62-12-10(a)(2) (2014), which provides for a sixty-day incarceration
instead of the reinstatement of her original sentence. For the reasons set forth below, we
affirm the circuit court’s revocation.

             Because this case does not present a new or significant issue of law, and for
the reasons set forth herein, we find that this case is suitable for disposition in a
memorandum decision pursuant to Rule 21(c) of the West Virginia Rules of Appellate
Procedure.

                            I.     Facts and Procedural History

               After considering charges against Ms. Kitchen including purchasing and
providing her sixteen-year-old daughter with heroin, a Cabell County grand jury returned
an indictment against her charging her in August of 2016 with six counts of child abuse
creating a risk of injury and six counts of delivery of a controlled substance. On September

       1
        Ms. Kitchen is represented in this appeal by counsel L. Victor Navy. Respondent
State of West Virginia is represented by counsel Patrick Morrisey, Attorney General,
Julianne Wisman, Assistant Attorney General, Scott E. Johnson, Assistant Attorney
General, and Thomas T. Lampman, Assistant Attorney General.


                                             1

9, 2016, Ms. Kitchen pled guilty to one count of each, for which she was later sentenced to
one to five years and one to fifteen years of incarceration, respectively. These terms were
ordered to run consecutively; but on November 7, 2016, the circuit court suspended Ms.
Kitchen’s sentence and instead placed her on probation for three years and extended
supervision for ten years.

               On May 22, 2017, the Cabell County Probation Office filed a petition to
revoke Ms. Kitchen’s probation on the basis that she had violated seven of the terms of her
probation. Specifically, in violation of the fifth,2 sixth,3 and seventh4 conditions, Ms.
Kitchen failed to pay certain costs associated with her prosecution and probation.
Similarly, in violation of the seventeenth5 condition, she failed to pay for six administered
drug screens.

             In violation of the ninth6 condition, which required Ms. Kitchen to truthfully
answer all questions asked by her probation officer, Ms. Kitchen falsely reported that she
abstained from using drugs, but tested positive for morphine on a drug screen administered
that same day. In addition to testing positive for morphine, Ms. Kitchen admitted to having



       2
         The fifth condition states: “You must pay a supervision fee of $5.00 per month, to
be paid to the Cabell County Circuit Court Clerk within the first 7 days of each month.”
       3
       The sixth condition states: “You must pay a community corrections fees of $5.00
per month, to be paid to the Cabell County Circuit Court Clerk within the first 7 days of
each month.”
       4
        The seventh condition states: “You must repay the entire cost of your prosecution
by making a minimum payment of at least $10.00 per month to the Cabell County Circuit
Clerk within the first 7 days of each month.”
       5
           The seventeenth condition states:

                You must give a specimen of blood, urine, saliva, or breath
                when ordered by your probation officer for a random drug
                screen. If you do not give a sample within one hour, it will be
                considered as a refusal and you will be considered in violation
                of your probation. You will pay for all drug screening/testing
                within 30 days of the test with payments being made to the
                Cabell County Circuit Clerk.
       6
        The ninth condition states: “You must truthfully answer all questions asked by
your probation officer, and follow all instructions given by your probation officer.”


                                               2

used heroin in violation of the eleventh7 condition of probation, which prohibited the use
of any type of drug without a prescription. And Ms. Kitchen failed to attend outpatient
rehabilitation therapy in violation of the twenty-third condition, which required her to
attend and participate in counseling or treatment as instructed by her probation officer.8

               On June 2, 2017, the circuit court held a final probation revocation hearing,
during which Ms. Kitchen admitted to having violated all seven terms. Ms. Kitchen moved
the court for a sixty-day graduated sentence as prescribed by West Virginia Code § 62-12-
10(a)(2). The circuit court denied this motion finding that she had violated a special
condition of probation designed to protect the public and her children. In reliance on West
Virginia Code § 62-12-10(a)(1)(C)—which provides for revocation of a sentence based
upon a violation of a special condition—the circuit court revoked the suspension of Ms.
Kitchen’s sentence and reinstated her original sentence. Ms. Kitchen now appeals the
circuit court’s revocation.

                                   II. Standard of Review

              We apply a three-pronged standard of review to probation revocation
decisions: “[w]e review the decision on the probation revocation motion under an abuse of
discretion standard; the underlying facts are reviewed under a clearly erroneous standard;
and questions of law and interpretations of statutes and rules are subject to a de novo
standard of review.”9

               With this standard in mind, we consider Ms. Kitchen’s sole assignment of
error, that the circuit court erred in denying her relief under West Virginia Code § 62-12-
10(a)(2).

       7
           The eleventh condition states:

                You will not have, use, or buy any type of drugs without a
                prescription from a doctor, except those drugs commonly
                referred to as “over the counter” drugs. You must not be with
                or around anybody illegally using or selling drugs, and you
                must not be at any place where controlled substances are
                illegally kept, used, sold, or distributed.
       8
        The twenty-third condition states: “You must attend and participate in counseling
or treatment as instructed by your probation officer, and continue in that program until
otherwise instructed by your probation officer. You must also pay the cost of this
counseling or treatment.”
       9
           Syl. Pt. 1, in part, State v. Duke, 200 W. Va. 256, 489 S.E.2d 738 (1997).


                                               3

                                       III. Discussion

               Upon our review, we find no abuse of discretion in the circuit court’s decision
to revoke Ms. Kitchen’s probation and reinstate her original sentence. In compliance with
the procedural requirement to hold a prompt and summary hearing as set forth in West
Virginia Code § 62-12-10(a),10 the circuit court considered the State’s Petition to Revoke
at a final hearing on June 2, 2017. As outlined above, during this hearing, Ms. Kitchen
admitted to having violated multiple terms and conditions of her probation, including (1)
failing to pay costs associated with probation for several months; (2) giving a false
statement to a probation officer; (3) using controlled substances (heroin and morphine); (4)
failing to pay for the last six drug screens; and (5) failing to attend outpatient therapy.

              West Virginia Code § 62-12-10(a)(1) authorizes a circuit court to impose a
sentence or order that a sentence be executed upon determining that there is reasonable
cause to believe that a probationer has violated any of the conditions found within the
statute. Specifically, West Virginia Code § 62-12-10(a)(1) provides:

                [i]f the court or judge finds reasonable cause exists to believe
                that the probationer:

                       (A) absconded supervision;

                       (B) engaged in new criminal conduct other than a minor
                           traffic violation or simple possession of a controlled
                           substance; or

                       (C) violated a special condition of probation designed
                           either to protect the public or a victim; the court or
                           judge may revoke the suspension of imposition or
                           execution of sentence, impose sentence if none has

       10
            West Virginia Code § 62-12-10 provides:

                       (a) If at any time during the period of probation there
                   shall be reasonable cause to believe that the probationer has
                   violated any of the conditions of his or her probation, the
                   probation officer may arrest him or her with or without an
                   order or warrant, or the court which placed him or her on
                   probation, or the judge thereof in vacation, may issue an
                   order for his or her arrest, whereupon he or she shall be
                   brought before the court, or the judge thereof in vacation,
                   for a prompt and summary hearing.


                                               4

                             been imposed and order that sentence be
                             executed.11

               The circuit court found that Ms. Kitchen’s admitted use of heroin, in
violation of a direct written term not to do so, amounted to a violation of a “special
condition of probation designed either to protect the public or a victim.”12 Ms. Kitchen,
however, argues on appeal that this provision was not a “special condition” because it was
not explicitly labeled as such and that her use of heroin at most could be deemed simple
possession, which, she argues, is explicitly carved out from West Virginia Code § 62-12-
10(a)(1)(B).13 As a result, Ms. Kitchen argues that she is entitled to the mandatory
protection found in West Virginia Code § 62-12-10(a)(2), which provides:

                      [i]f the judge finds that reasonable cause exists to believe
                  that the probationer violated any condition of supervision other
                  than the conditions of probation set forth in subdivision (1) of
                  this subsection then, for the first violation, the judge shall
                  impose a period of confinement up to sixty days or, for the
                  second violation, a period of confinement up to one hundred
                  twenty days. For the third violation, the judge may revoke the
                  suspension of imposition or execution of sentence, impose
                  sentence if none has been imposed and order that sentence be
                  executed, with credit for time spent in confinement under this
                  section.

               Given the egregious underlying facts of this case and the extraordinary
opportunity granted to Ms. Kitchen for a second-chance, we are inclined to agree with the
circuit court that the condition imposed upon Ms. Kitchen that she not use drugs is a special
and tailored condition that was designed to protect the public and, more specifically, to
protect her daughter, the victim of the underlying crime.

              We find it instructive to review West Virginia Code § 62-12-9(a) (2014),
which provides mandatory conditions imposed in every probation by statute and includes,
in relevant part:




       11
            (Emphasis added).
       12
            Id.
       13
         West Virginia Code § 62-12-10(a)(1)(B) states “engaged in new criminal conduct
other than a minor traffic violation or simple possession of a controlled substance.”


                                                 5

              (1) That the probationer may not, during the term of his or her
              probation, violate any criminal law of this or any other state or
              of the United States;

              (2) That the probationer may not, during the term of his or her
              probation, leave the state without the consent of the court
              which placed him or her on probation;

              (3) That the probationer complies with the conditions
              prescribed by the court for his or her supervision by the
              probation officer;

                                              …

              (5) That the probationer pay a fee, not to exceed $20 per month,
              to defray costs of supervision….

                As a result of the drug-related nature of the underlying offense, in this case,
the court found it appropriate to impose three drug-related terms of probation, all of which
were violated by Ms. Kitchen. Importantly, none of these terms were contained within the
list of terms mandatorily imposed on all probationers. Accordingly, it is clear to this Court
that the circuit court imposed these special conditions due to the unique and devastating
facts of this case. Because we find that this was a special condition of her probation, which
she has admitted to violating, the protections set forth in West Virginia § 62-12-10(a)(2)
do not apply and, therefore, the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in reinstating her
sentence.



                                                                                    Affirmed.
ISSUED: November 2, 2018

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
Justice Tim Armstead
Justice Evan H. Jenkins
Justice Jennifer F. Bailey, sitting by temporary assignment

Justice Allen H. Loughry II, suspended and therefore not participating, and Justice Paul
T. Farrell, sitting by temporary assignment, disqualified.



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