                                                                                                                           Opinions of the United
2009 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


5-21-2009

Sietuju v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 08-2574




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                                                               NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 ___________

                                     No. 08-2574
                                     ___________

                                   ROBIN SIETUJU,

                                                         Petitioner

                                            v.

                 ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES
                    ____________________________________

                            On Review of a Decision of the
                            Board of Immigration Appeals
                              (Agency No. A97 150 052)
                          Immigration Judge: Annie S. Garcy
                      ____________________________________

                    Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                    May 20, 2009

              Before: BARRY, SMITH and HARDIMAN, Circuit Judges

                             (Opinion filed: May 21, 2009)
                                    ___________

                                      OPINION
                                     ___________

PER CURIAM

      Robin Sietuju, a native and citizen of Indonesia, was admitted to the United States

in January 1999, with authorization to remain for approximately six months. In 2004, the

Government charged him as removable for overstaying his period of admission. See
Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”) § 237(a)(1)(B) [8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(1)(B)].

Sietuju conceded the charge but sought asylum, withholding of removal, and protection

under the United Nations Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). He claimed that he was

persecuted in the past and that he also fears future persecution because he is ethnically

Chinese and Christian. The Immigration Judge (“IJ”) denied Sietuju’s asylum application

as time-barred, and concluded that he was not entitled to withholding of removal or relief

under the CAT. In particular, the IJ observed that Sietuju’s experiences in Indonesia were

not so severe that they amounted to persecution, that he failed to establish that there is a

pattern or practice of persecution of Chinese Christians, and that he did not prove that he

would more likely than not be tortured if removed. The BIA affirmed all of the IJ’s

findings. Sietuju timely petitioned for review of the BIA’s order.

       We have jurisdiction over the petition pursuant to INA § 242(a)(1) [8 U.S.C.

§ 1252(a)(1)], but our review in this case is limited to issues relating to the denial of

withholding of removal.1 Because the BIA adopted and affirmed the decision of the IJ,

this Court reviews the decision of the IJ. See Partyka v. Att’y Gen., 417 F.3d 408, 411

(3d Cir. 2005). We review the IJ’s factual determinations under the substantial evidence

standard. See Toure v. Attorney General, 443 F.3d 310, 316 (3d Cir. 2006). Under that




   1
     Sietuju does not challenge the IJ’s determination that his asylum application was
untimely filed (a determination which, in any event, we are precluded from reviewing, see
Sukwanputra v. Gonzales, 434 F.3d 627, 634 (3d Cir. 2006)), or the denial of relief under
the CAT.

                                               2
standard, the decision must be affirmed “unless the evidence not only supports a contrary

conclusion, but compels it.” Zubeda v. Ashcroft, 333 F.3d 463, 471 (3d Cir. 2003)

(quoting Abdille v. Ashcroft, 242 F.3d 477, 484 (3d Cir. 2001)).

       To obtain withholding of removal, an applicant must establish a “clear

probability,” i.e., that “it is more likely than not,” that his life or freedom would be

threatened if returned to Indonesia due to his race, religion, nationality, membership in a

particular social group, or political opinion. INA § 241(b)(3)(A) [8 U.S.C.

§ 1231(b)(3)(A)]; Chang v. INS, 119 F.3d 1055, 1066 (3d Cir. 1997). This standard can

be met by proving past persecution, which creates a rebuttable presumption of future

persecution. See 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(b)(1). An applicant who has not suffered past

persecution may obtain relief by establishing that there is a pattern or practice of

persecution of a group of persons similarly situated to the applicant on account of a

protected ground. See 8 C.F.R. § 208.16(b)(2). To qualify as a “pattern or practice,” the

persecution must be “systemic, pervasive, or organized.” Lie v. Ashcroft, 396 F.3d 530,

537 (3d Cir. 2005).

       Sietuju alleged that his parents’ home was attacked by native Indonesians throwing

rocks, that as a child he was called “Cina,” a derogatory term for a Chinese person, and

that he witnessed the aftermath of the May 1998 riots. In addition, Sietuju claimed that

he was attacked on July 20, 1998 by two native Indonesians who demanded money.

When Sietuju refused to relinquish his wallet, the men shouted racial epithets and stabbed



                                               3
him in his arm and in his leg. Sietuju received medical treatment but did not report the

incident to the police. He remained in Indonesia for five months without incident before

traveling to the United States.

       Substantial evidence supports the IJ’s conclusion that Sietuju failed to demonstrate

that it is more likely than not that his life or freedom would be threatened in Indonesia

because of his race or religion. The assault and robbery did not rise to the level of

“threats to life, confinement, torture, and economic restrictions so severe that they

constitute a threat to life or freedom.” Fatin v. INS, 12 F.3d 1233, 1240 (3d Cir. 1993).

Indeed, the record indicates that the attack was an isolated criminal act perpetrated by

anonymous thieves. See Lie, 396 F.3d at 536 (holding that ethnic Chinese Indonesian’s

“account of two isolated criminal acts, perpetrated by unknown assailants, which resulted

only in the theft of some personal property and a minor injury, is not sufficiently severe to

be considered persecution.”). Furthermore, the attack on Sietuju’s home, the derogatory

name-calling, and witnessing the riots do not rise to the level of persecution.

       To the extent Sietuju alleges that in Indonesia there is “a pattern or practice of

persecution of a group of persons similarly situated” to him, his claim fails. We have

concluded that ethnically Chinese Christians do not face systemic persecution in

Indonesia because the ongoing violence appeared to be “wrought by fellow citizens” and

was not the result of “governmental action or acquiescence.” Lie, 396 F.3d at 537. We

are not compelled to hold differently in this case. Although the background material



                                              4
contains reports of discrimination against Chinese Christians in Indonesia, it also

documents examples of government efforts to hinder conflict and promote tolerance. See

Kayembe v. Ashcroft, 334 F.3d 231, 236 (3d. Cir. 2003) (“Just because the State

Department report cuts both ways ... does not mean that it does not constitute substantial

evidence.”). For example, the IJ referenced the facilitation of peace agreements in

conflict areas, the Indonesian government’s official recognition of Christian holidays, a

national celebration of Chinese New Year, and efforts by the Indonesian police to

investigate crimes against Chinese Christians. We therefore conclude that substantial

evidence supports the conclusion that Sietuju failed to establish a pattern or practice of

persecution in Indonesia.

       Because Sietuju has not demonstrated that it is more likely than not that he will be

persecuted upon his return to Indonesia, we will deny his petition for review.




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