                                                                          F I L E D
                                                                   United States Court of Appeals
                                                                           Tenth Circuit
                 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                           FEB 24 2005

                                 TENTH CIRCUIT                        PATRICK FISHER
                                                                                  Clerk



 BARTLETT ELLIOTT,

          Plaintiff-Appellant,
                                                        No. 04-2330
 v.                                          (D.C. No. CIV-04-240 MCA/WDS)
                                                       (New Mexico)
 CHRYSLER FINANCIAL,

          Defendant-Appellee.




                          ORDER AND JUDGMENT *


Before SEYMOUR, HARTZ, and MCCONNELL, Circuit Judges.



      Bartlett Elliott filed a pro se 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action against Chrysler

Financial. Mr. Elliott contends Chrysler violated his right to do business and his

right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness as guaranteed by the United


      *
       After examining appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this panel has
determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the
determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2) and 10th Cir. R.
34.1(G). The case is therefore submitted without oral argument. This order and
judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case,
res judicata, or collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of
orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the
terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
States Constitution when it repeatedly denied his application for credit to

purchase a vehicle. The district court sua sponte dismissed Mr. Elliott’s

complaint for failure to state a claim and want of jurisdiction. For the reasons set

forth below, we AFFIRM.

      The legal sufficiency of a complaint is a question of law; we therefore

review de novo a Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal. Sutton v. Utah State Sch. For Deaf &

Blind, 173 F.3d 1226, 1236 (10th Cir. 1999). “A court reviewing the sufficiency

of a complaint presumes all of plaintiff's factual allegations are true and construes

them in the light most favorable to the plaintiff.” Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106,

1109 (10th Cir. 1991).

      42 U.S.C. § 1983 provides a remedy for constitutional violations committed

by state actors. Under § 1983, liability attaches only to conduct occurring “under

color of law.” Thus, the only proper defendants in a § 1983 claim are those who

“‘represent [the state] in some capacity, whether they act in accordance with their

authority or misuse it.’” Nat’l Collegiate Athletic Ass’n v. Tarkanian, 488 U.S.

179, 191 (1988) (quoting Monroe v. Pape, 365 U.S. 167, 172 (1961)).

      The Supreme Court has applied a variety of tests to determine whether

conduct constitutes state action. In some instances, the Court considers “whether

there is a sufficiently close nexus between the State and the challenged action of

the regulated entity so that the action of the latter may be fairly treated as that of


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the State itself.” Jackson v. Metro. Edison Co., 419 U.S. 345, 351 (1974). The

Court has also inquired whether the state has “so far insinuated itself into a

position of interdependence” with the private party, Burton v. Wilmington Parking

Auth., 365 U.S. 715, 725 (1961), that there is a “symbiotic relationship” between

them. Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis, 407 U.S. 163, 175 (1972). In addition, the

Court has held that if a private party is “a willful participant in joint activity with

the State or its agents,” then state action is present. Adickes v. S.H. Kress & Co.,

398 U.S. 144, 152 (1970) (quotation omitted). Finally, the Court has ruled that a

private entity that exercises “powers traditionally exclusively reserved to the

State” is engaged in state action. Jackson, 419 U.S. at 352.

      Applying any of these four tests, Mr. Elliott fails to demonstrate sufficient

evidence of state action to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. In

response to the district court’s order to show cause, Mr. Elliott alleged Chrysler

Corporation should be considered a state actor because, inter alia, Chrysler pays

taxes and was “bailed out” by the federal government. Mr. Elliott’s allegations,

even if true, simply fail to establish that Chrysler is a state actor subject to a

federal civil rights claim under §1983.

      Although we construe Mr. Elliott’s pro se pleadings liberally and apply a

less stringent standard than we would to pleadings filed by lawyers, Haines v.

Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520-21 (1972), we “will not supply additional factual


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allegations to round out [his] complaint or construct a legal theory on [his]

behalf.” Whitney v. New Mexico, 113 F.3d 1170, 1173-74 (10th Cir. 1997)

(citation omitted). We thus AFFIRM the district court’s dismissal of Mr.

Elliott’s claim.

                                       SUBMITTED FOR THE COURT

                                       Stephanie K. Seymour
                                       Circuit Judge




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