[Cite as Star Merchandise, L.L.C. v. Haehn, 2016-Ohio-8018.]

                             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

                                  TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT



Star Merchandise, LLC,                                :

                Plaintiff-Appellee,                   :
                                                                       No. 16AP-39
v.                                                    :           (C.P.C. No. 14CVH-8192)

Christopher J. Haehn                                  :        (REGULAR CALENDAR)
d.b.a. Let Me Ride, LLC,
                                                      :
                Defendant-Appellant.
                                                      :



                                        D E C I S I O N

                                   Rendered on December 6, 2016


                On brief: Isaac Wiles Burkholder & Teetor, LLC, and Dale
                D. Cook, for appellee. Argued: Dale D. Cook.

                On brief: The Law Offices of Robert C. Wood, and Robert C.
                Wood, for appellants.

                  APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
SADLER, J.
        {¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Christopher J. Haehn, appeals from a judgment of the
Franklin County Court of Common Pleas in favor of plaintiff-appellee, Star Merchandise,
LLC. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.1
I. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
        {¶ 2} On August 6, 2014, appellee filed a complaint against "Christopher J. Haehn
DBA Let Me Ride, LLC" alleging breach of a sales contract. (Compl. at 1.) The complaint


1 Although appellant's notice of appeal identifies "Let Me Ride, LLC" as an appellant in this action, the

record shows that appellant Christopher J. Haehn is the party against whom the trial court entered the
judgment appealed from.
No. 16AP-39                                                                                  2


asserts that appellee contracted with appellant to purchase a 2013 Porsche Cayenne
automobile from appellant for the price of $75,655. The complaint further alleges that
appellee tendered the full purchase price to appellant on January 29, 2013, but that
appellant has "failed to deliver the vehicle that Plaintiff paid for and has also failed to
refund the payment rendered." (Compl. at ¶ 12.)
       {¶ 3} On November 24, 2014, appellant filed an answer to the complaint and a
counterclaim on behalf of Let Me Ride, LLC. The counterclaim alleges that Let Me Ride,
LLC is a Delaware limited liability company and asserts claims for breach of contract and
promissory estoppel. More particularly, the counterclaim alleges that appellee breached
the parties' contract by "fail[ing] to pay the purchase prices required under the Master
Agreement." (Countercl. at ¶ 4.) In the alternative, the counterclaim alleges that appellee
promised to pay certain sums for the vehicles and that Let Me Ride, LLC relied on
appellee's promise to its detriment.
       {¶ 4} On December 24, 2014, appellee moved the trial court for leave to amend
the complaint in order to assert "additional claims which are governed by similar
questions of fact and law to those included in the original Complaint." (Mot. For Leave at
3.) Appellee submitted a proposed amended complaint asserting additional claims for
relief sounding in unjust enrichment, fraud, conversion, and an action on an account.
Appellant did not oppose the motion for leave. The trial court granted the motion for
leave on January 15, 2015.
       {¶ 5} On January 29, 2015, appellant filed a motion to dismiss the amended
complaint, pursuant to Civ.R. 12(B)(6), alleging that it fails to state a claim on which relief
may be granted. Therein appellant argues that appellee, as a foreign limited liability
company, does not have capacity under R.C. 1705.58(A) to maintain any action in any
court in this state. On February 11, 2015, appellee filed a memorandum in opposition. On
February 24, 2015, the trial court converted the motion to dismiss to a motion for
summary judgment because the dispositive issue could not be determined by the court
"without more information." (Feb. 24, 2015 Decision at 2.)
       {¶ 6} Appellee filed a cross-motion for summary judgment, pursuant to Civ.R.
56(A), on March 9, 2014. The motion is supported by the affidavit of appellee's president,
Abdul Moosa. On April 14, 2015, the trial court issued a decision granting appellee's
No. 16AP-39                                                                                3


motion for summary judgment and denying appellant's motion for summary judgment.
The decision does not mention the counterclaim.
         {¶ 7} Appellee submitted a proposed final judgment entry pursuant to Local Rule
25.01 of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas. On May 26, 2015, the court signed
the "Final Judgment Entry" rendering judgment in favor of appellee and against appellant
individually "in the amount of $96,655.00 plus costs and interest at the rate of 3% from
January 29, 2013." (May 26, 2015 Entry at 1.) The judgment entry further provides:
"Defendant[']s Counterclaim is Dismissed With Prejudice." (May 26, 2015 Entry at 1.)
The trial court's May 26, 2015 final judgment entry specifies that the trial court signed the
judgment entry over appellant's objection.
         {¶ 8} Appellant did not file an appeal to this court from the May 26, 2015
judgment. Rather, on June 25, 2015, appellant filed a motion for relief from judgment
pursuant to Civ.R. 60(A) and (B). Appellee filed a memorandum contra on August 6,
2015, and appellant filed a reply on August 17, 2015. On October 8, 2015, a trial court
magistrate held an evidentiary hearing on the motion for relief from judgment.
         {¶ 9} On October 23, 2015, the magistrate issued a decision and recommendation
denying appellant's motion for relief from judgment. Appellant timely filed an objection
to the magistrate's decision. On December 17, 2015, the trial court issued a decision and
judgment entry overruling appellant's objections and denying appellant's motion for relief
from judgment. Appellant timely appealed to this court from the decision of the trial
court.
II. ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
         {¶ 10} Appellant assigns the following as trial court error:
                1. In disposing of the Appellee's cross-motion for Summary
                Judgment, the trial court erred in signing a final entry that
                awards judgment against Christopher J. Haehn, personally,
                instead of Let Me Ride, LLC, where, as here, Appellants
                asserted as affirmative defenses that Christopher J. Haehn is
                not a proper party to the action, and that Let Me Ride, LLC, is
                a validly formed limited liability company.

                2. In disposing of the Appellee's cross-motion for Summary
                Judgment, the trial court erred in signing a final entry which
                dismisses the counterclaims of Appellants where, as here, the
No. 16AP-39                                                                                4


              Appellee did not move for Summary Judgment as to the
              counterclaims pursuant to Civ. R. 56(A).

              3. In disposing of the Appellee's cross-motion for Summary
              Judgment, the trial court erred in signing a final entry which
              dismisses the counterclaims of Appellants where, as here, the
              Appelle [sic] did not submit and the trial court did not
              consider any Civ. R. 56(C) evidence regarding the
              counterclaims.

              4. The trial court erred in adopting the magistrate's decision
              denying the Appellants' Motion to Vacate the Final Judgment
              Entry and in overruling the Appellants' Objections to the
              magistrate's decision.

III. STANDARD OF REVIEW
       {¶ 11} A court of appeals applies an abuse of discretion standard in reviewing a
trial court's decision to correct clerical mistakes under Civ.R. 60(A). In re D.H., 4th Dist.
No. 09CA11, 2009-Ohio-6009, ¶ 46, citing Bobb Forest Products, Inc. v. Morbank
Industries, Inc., 151 Ohio App.3d 63, 2002-Ohio-5370, ¶ 27 (7th Dist.), citing State ex rel.
Litty v. Leskovyansky, 77 Ohio St.3d 97, 100 (1996). Similarly, "[a] motion for relief from
judgment under Civ.R. 60(B) is addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court, and
that court's ruling will not be disturbed on appeal absent a showing of abuse of
discretion." Griffey v. Rajan, 33 Ohio St.3d 75, 77 (1987). An abuse of discretion
connotes more than an error of law or judgment; it implies that the trial court acted
unreasonably, arbitrarily, or unconscionably. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217,
219 (1983). When applying an abuse of discretion standard, an appellate court may not
substitute its judgment for that of the trial court. Kenison v. Kenison, 10th Dist. No.
13AP-507, 2014-Ohio-315, ¶ 9, citing Berk v. Matthews, 53 Ohio St.3d 161, 169 (1990).
IV. LEGAL ANALYSIS
       A. First, Second, and Third Assignments of Error
       {¶ 12} In appellant's first, second, and third assignments of error, appellant argues
that the trial court erred in ruling on the parties' cross-motions for summary judgment
and in dismissing his counterclaim with prejudice. Thus, appellant's first three
assignments of error pertain exclusively to the merits of the trial court's May 26, 2015
No. 16AP-39                                                                                              5


final judgment entry. Appellant did not appeal to this court from the trial court's May 26,
2015 final judgment entry.
        {¶ 13} "The Ohio Rules of Appellate Procedure specify the means for perfecting an
appeal from an adverse judgment." Bank of Am., N.A. v. Robledo, 10th Dist. No. 13AP-
278, 2014-Ohio-1185, ¶ 11. App.R. 3(A) provides that "[a]n appeal as of right shall be
taken by filing a notice of appeal with the clerk of the trial court within the time allowed
by Rule 4." App.R. 4(A) requires a party to file a notice of appeal "within thirty days of the
later of entry of the judgment or order appealed or, in a civil case, service of the notice of
judgment and its entry if service is not made on the party within the three day period in
Rule 58(B) of the Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure." The timely filing of a notice of appeal is
the only jurisdictional requirement for perfecting a valid appeal.                   Id at ¶ 12, citing
Transamerica Ins. Co. v. Nolan, 72 Ohio St.3d 320 (1995), syllabus.
        {¶ 14} The only judgment appealed from in this case is the trial court's
December 17, 2015 judgment overruling appellant's objections to the magistrate's decision
and denying appellant's motion for relief from judgment. Because appellant did not
timely appeal to this court from the trial court's May 26, 2015 final judgment entry, this
court does not have jurisdiction to address appellant's first, second, and third assignments
of error. Colvin v. Abbey's Restaurant, Inc., 85 Ohio St.3d 535 (1999) (court of appeals
exceeded its allowable appellate jurisdiction in ruling on assignments of error that were
unrelated to the order appealed from and, therefore, not properly before the court).2
        {¶ 15} For the foregoing reasons, appellant's first, second, and third assignments
of error are overruled.
        B. Fourth Assignment of Error
        {¶ 16} In appellant's fourth assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial
court erred when it overruled his objections to the magistrate's decision and denied his
motion for relief from judgment brought pursuant to Civ.R. 60(A), (B)(1), and (5). We
disagree.




2 To the extent that the arguments made in appellant's second and third assignments of error pertain to the
judgment appealed from, we will consider them in ruling on appellant's fourth assignment of error.
No. 16AP-39                                                                              6


              1. Civ.R. 60(A)
        {¶ 17} Appellant moved the trial court for relief from the final judgment entry
issued on May 26, 2015 pursuant to Civ.R. 60(A). Civ.R. 60(A) provides, in relevant part,
as follows:
              (A) Clerical mistakes. Clerical mistakes in judgments, orders
              or other parts of the record and errors therein arising from
              oversight or omission may be corrected by the court at any
              time on its own initiative or on the motion of any party and
              after such notice, if any, as the court orders.

        {¶ 18} "Civ. R. 60(A) permits a trial court, in its discretion, to correct clerical
mistakes which are apparent on the record, but does not authorize a trial court to make
substantive changes in judgments." Litty at 100, citing Londrico v. Delores C. Knowlton,
Inc., 88 Ohio App.3d 282, 285 (9th Dist.1993). " 'Substantive changes in judgments,
orders, or decrees * * * are not within the purview of Civ.R. 60(A).' " Whipps v. Ryan,
10th Dist. No. 14AP-67, 2014-Ohio-5302, ¶ 22, quoting Nichols v. Nichols, 10th Dist. No.
13AP-13, 2013-Ohio-3927, ¶ 12, citing Thurston v. Thurston, 10th Dist. No. 02AP-555,
2002-Ohio-6746. "Within the context of Civ.R. 60(A), a 'clerical mistake' is 'a type of
mistake or omission mechanical in nature which is apparent on the record and which
does not involve a legal decision or judgment by an attorney.' " LaSalle Bank Natl. Assn.
v. Scolaro, 9th Dist. No. 25084, 2011-Ohio-1218, ¶ 16, citing Paris v. Georgetown Homes,
Inc., 113 Ohio App.3d 501, 503 (9th Dist.1996), quoting Dentsply Internatl., Inc. v.
Kostas, 26 Ohio App.3d 116 (8th Dist.1985).        Conversely, " '[a] substantive mistake
consists of instances where the court changes its mind, either because it made a legal or
factual mistake in making its original thought, [or because on second thought] it has
decided to exercise its discretion in a different manner.' " Whipps at ¶ 22, quoting Lakhi
v. Healthcare Choices & Consultants, LLC, 10th Dist. No. 06AP-806, 2007-Ohio-4127,
¶ 36. "Because Civ.R. 60(A) does not authorize substantive changes to judgments, orders,
or decrees, it is reversible error for a trial court to make a substantive change to a
judgment, order or other part of the record on the authority of Civ.R. 60(A)." Nichols at
¶ 12.
        {¶ 19} In discussing the type of mistake covered by Civ.R. 60(A), this court has
previously stated:
No. 16AP-39                                                                               7


              [T]he basic distinction between clerical mistakes that can be
              corrected under Civ.R. 60(A) and substantive mistakes that
              cannot be corrected is that the former consists of "blunders in
              execution" whereas the latter consists of instances where the
              court changes its mind, either because it made a legal or
              factual mistake in making its original determination, or
              because, on second thought, it has decided to exercise its
              discretion in a different manner.

Wardeh v. Altabchi, 158 Ohio App.3d 325, 2004-Ohio-4423, ¶ 10 (10th Dist.), quoting
Kuehn v. Kuehn, 55 Ohio App.3d 245, 247 (12th Dist.1988).
       {¶ 20} Appellant argues that the trial court abused its discretion when it denied the
motion for relief from judgment because the final judgment entry issued May 26, 2015
contains a clerical error with regard to the dismissal of the counterclaim with prejudice.
More particularly, appellant contends that because the trial court's April 14, 2015 decision
does not expressly mention the counterclaim, the trial court committed a clerical error
when it dismissed the counterclaim with prejudice in the final judgment entry issued
May 26, 2015. Appellant also contends that the trial court's entry of judgment against
him individually was the result of a clerical error inasmuch as he presented evidence that
Let Me Ride, LLC is a limited liability company.
       {¶ 21} In Dokari Invests., LLC v. DFG2, LLC, 10th Dist. No. 08AP-664, 2009-
Ohio-1048, Ohio Valley Bank filed a foreclosure action naming as defendants DFG2, LLC,
Donald F. Green, and appellant, who had signed a personal guaranty for the debt secured
by the mortgage. The trial court granted the bank's motion for summary judgment and
signed the proposed decree of foreclosure submitted by the bank. The decree included
language granting judgment jointly and severally against DFG2, Green, and appellant.
The final entry confirming the sale of the property and ordering distribution of the
proceeds of the sale also included language granting a deficiency judgment against
appellant. Appellant filed a motion seeking relief from judgment, pursuant to Civ.R.
60(A), arguing that final entry confirming sale contained a clerical error because the bank
had not moved for judgment on the guaranty. Appellant also asserted in the motion that
counsel for the bank agreed that judgment was not appropriate against appellant.
       {¶ 22} The trial court denied appellant's motion for relief from judgment, and
appellant filed a timely notice of appeal.    This court held that the error alleged by
No. 16AP-39                                                                                 8


appellant was not a "clerical error" for purposes of Civ.R. 60(A). Id. at ¶ 16. In affirming
the judgment of the trial court, this court stated:
              A clerical error for purposes of Civ.R. 60(A) means the type of
              error identified with mistakes in transcription, alteration or
              omission of any papers and documents which are traditionally
              or customarily handled or controlled by clerks but which
              papers or documents may be handled by others.

              Appellant argues that the trial court's signing of a judgment
              entry granting judgment against him individually when Ohio
              Valley Bank's motion for summary judgment had not sought
              summary judgment against him constitutes a clerical error of
              the sort Civ.R. 60(A) was intended to address. We disagree.
              The decision whether a submitted entry accurately reflects a
              decision rendered by the court involves the exercise of
              discretion by the trial court, and therefore is not subject to
              correction under Civ.R. 60(A). Therefore, the trial court did
              not err when it denied appellant's motion for summary
              judgment pursuant to Civ.R. 60(A).

(Emphasis added.) (Internal citations and quotations omitted.) Id. at ¶ 15-16.
       {¶ 23} Here, as was the case in Dokari, appellant argues that the proposed entry
signed by the trial court contains a clerical error because appellee did not move for
judgment on the counterclaim and because the trial court entered judgment against him
individually. The record in this case shows that the trial court was aware of appellant's
objection to the proposed entry. Under Dokari, the trial court's decision whether the
judgment entry submitted by appellee accurately reflected the decision rendered on
April 14, 2015, involved the exercise of discretion by the trial court. As a result, the
May 26, 2015 judgment entry is not subject to correction under Civ.R. 60(A).
       {¶ 24} In Scolaro, the Ninth District Court of Appeals adopted the reasoning of this
court in Dokari in holding that the trial court committed reversible error by making a
substantive change to a judgment entry. In that case, the trial court granted summary
judgment in favor of the lender in a foreclosure action. The trial court signed a judgment
entry submitted by the bank wherein it was incorrectly stated that the borrower had failed
to respond to the bank's motion for summary judgment. The record showed that the
defendant had filed both a response and a cross-motion for summary judgment. After
issuing the judgment entry, the trial court attempted to correct the error by treating it as a
No. 16AP-39                                                                                  9


clerical error under Civ.R. 60(A). The Ninth District Court of Appeals reversed the trial
court order and remanded the case so that the trial court could make a substantive
determination on the cross-motions for summary judgment. Scolaro at ¶ 18. Quoting
this court's decision in Dokari, the Ninth District Court of Appeals determined that "
'[t]he decision whether a submitted entry accurately reflects a decision rendered by the
court involves the exercise of discretion by the court, and therefore is not subject to
correction under Civ.R. 60(A).' " Scolaro at ¶ 16, quoting Dokari at ¶ 16.
       {¶ 25} Under Dokari and Scolaro, we find the trial court's determination that the
proposed final judgment entry submitted by appellee accurately reflected the decision
rendered by the court on June 25, 2015 involved the exercise of discretion by the court.
Accordingly, even if the trial court erred when it dismissed appellant's counterclaim and
entered judgment against appellant individually, such an error is substantive in nature
and not subject to correction under Civ.R. 60(A). Dokari; Scolaro. Appellant should have
sought redress of the alleged trial court errors in an appeal to this court, as Civ.R. 60(A) is
not a substitute for a timely appeal of a judgment. Merkle v. Merkle, 5th Dist. No. 13-CA-
31, 2014-Ohio-81, ¶ 14, citing Thurston.
       {¶ 26} For the foregoing reasons, we hold that the trial court did not abuse its
discretion when it denied appellant's Civ.R. 60(A) motion for relief from judgment.
              2. Civ. R. 60(B)
       {¶ 27} Civ.R. 60(B) provides that a trial court may relieve a party from a final
judgment, order, or proceeding for the following reasons:
              (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect;
              (2) newly discovered evidence which by due diligence could
              not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial
              under Rule 59(B); (3) fraud (whether heretofore denominated
              intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation or other misconduct
              of an adverse party; (4) the judgment has been satisfied,
              released or discharged, or a prior judgment upon which it is
              based has been reversed or otherwise vacated, or it is no
              longer equitable that the judgment should have prospective
              application; or (5) any other reason justifying relief from the
              judgment.

       {¶ 28} To prevail under Civ.R. 60(B), the movant must show that (1) the movant
has a meritorious defense or claim to present if relief is granted, (2) the movant is entitled
No. 16AP-39                                                                             10


to relief under one of the grounds stated in Civ.R. 60(B)(1) through (5), and (3) the
motion is made within a reasonable time. GTE Automatic Elec. v. ARC Industries, 47
Ohio St.2d 146 (1976), paragraph two of the syllabus. The movant must satisfy all three of
these requirements to obtain relief. State ex rel. Richard v. Seidner, 76 Ohio St.3d 149,
151 (1996); see also GTE Automatic Elec. at 151 (finding that the requirements under
Civ.R. 60(B) "are independent and in the conjunctive, not the disjunctive").
                     a. Civ.R. 60(B)(1)
       {¶ 29} Appellant argues that he is entitled to relief from the trial court's final
judgment entry under Civ.R. 60(B)(1) because the trial court made a mistake when it sua
sponte dismissed his counterclaim and entered judgment against him individually. We
disagree.
       {¶ 30} This court has consistently held that the "mistake" contemplated by Civ.R.
60(B)(1) is a mistake of a party or others, such as a party's agents, not a mistake by the
trial court in its legal analysis. See, e.g., Freeh v. Hill, 10th Dist. No. 13AP-377, 2014-
Ohio-3929, ¶ 16; Foy v. Trumbull Corr. Inst., 10th Dist. No. 11AP-464, 2011-Ohio-6298,
¶ 11; Rose v. Zyniewicz, 10th Dist. No. 10AP-910, 2011-Ohio-3702, ¶ 19. Thus, a motion
for relief from judgment under Civ.R. 60(B)(1) cannot be predicated on the argument that
the trial court made a mistake in rendering its decision. Freeh; Foy; Rose.
       {¶ 31} Here, the mistakes alleged by appellant are errors by the trial court in
entering judgment, not mistakes by a party or a party's agent. Under the established case
law, Civ.R. 60(B)(1) cannot be used to correct such errors. Freeh; Foy; Rose. See also
Culgan v. Miller, 9th Dist. No. 10CA0074-M, 2011-Ohio-6194, ¶ 13; Hankinson v.
Hankinson, 7th Dist. No. 03 MA 7, 2004-Ohio-2480, ¶ 20; Smith v. Bd. of Health, 4th
Dist. No. 92CA-2095 (June 28, 1993); Chester Twp. v. Fraternal Order of Police, Ohio
Labor Council, Inc., 102 Ohio App.3d 404, 408 (11th Dist.1995); MidFirst Bank v. Baker,
2d Dist. No. 25925, 2014-Ohio-2206, ¶ 9; Antonopoulos v. Eisner, 30 Ohio App.2d 187
(8th Dist.1972); Carrabine v. Brown, 11th Dist. No. 92-G-1736 (Aug. 13, 1993).
Accordingly, we hold that the trial court did not err when it denied appellant's motion for
relief from judgment under Civ.R. 60(B)(1).
No. 16AP-39                                                                               11


                       b. Civ.R. 60(B)(5)

       {¶ 32} " 'Civ.R. 60(B)(5) is intended as a catch-all provision reflecting the inherent
power of a court to relieve a person from the unjust operation of a judgment, but it is not
to be used as a substitute for any of the other more specific provisions of Civ.R. 60(B).' "
Wireless Resource LLC v. Garner, 10th Dist. No. 11AP-1038, 2012-Ohio-2080, ¶ 16,
quoting Caruso-Ciresi, Inc. v. Lohman, 5 Ohio St.3d 64 (1983), paragraph one of the
syllabus. The grounds for invoking this provision should be substantial. Caruso-Ciresi at
paragraph two of the syllabus. "The key requirements of Civ.R. 60(B)(5) are extraordinary
circumstances and undue hardship." State ex rel. Minnis v. Lewis, 10th Dist. No. 93AP-
812 (Dec. 30, 1993).
       {¶ 33} Relief, pursuant to Civ.R. 60(B)(5), may be granted for court errors and
omissions, "which are 'distinct' from mere errors in judgment that can be remedied
through a timely appeal." In re J.W., 9th Dist. No. 26874, 2013-Ohio-4368, ¶ 30, citing In
re S.J., 9th Dist. No. 23199, 2006-Ohio-6381, ¶ 23.           For example, an attorney's
abandonment of a client may constitute an extraordinary circumstance justifying relief
under Civ.R. 60(B)(5). Smith v. Gilbert, 2d Dist. No. 2014-CA-81, 2015-Ohio-444, ¶ 14.
Similarly, the Supreme Court of Ohio has held that "fraud upon the court" falls within the
realm of Civ.R. 60(B)(5). Coulson v. Coulson, 5 Ohio St.3d 12 (1983), paragraph one of
the syllabus. Additionally, "[a] judge's participation in a case which gives rise to the
appearance of impropriety and possible bias could constitute grounds for relief under
Civ.R. 60(B)(5)." Volodkevich v. Volodkevich, 35 Ohio St.3d 152, 154 (1988).
       {¶ 34} Appellant argues the trial court's error in sua sponte dismissing his
counterclaim and entering judgment against appellant individually are the types of
extraordinary circumstances that justify relief under Civ.R. 60(B)(5).          This court,
however, has held that Civ.R. 60(B)(5) is not available to correct legal errors in
judgments. Rose at ¶ 19 (appellant's assertion that the trial court committed a mistake of
law when it granted summary judgment in favor of appellee is not the basis for relief from
judgment under Civ.R. 60(B)(1) or (5)). Accord Smith, 4th Dist. No. 92CA-2095 (Civ.R.
60(B) may never be used to correct legal errors in judgments either under Civ.R. 60(B)(1)
"mistake" or Civ.R. 60(B)(5) "any other reason justifying relief."). Moreover, as discussed
No. 16AP-39                                                                                 12


in connection with appellant's first three assignments of error, the trial court's final
judgment entry of May 26, 2015 disposed of all the claims in the action and was a final,
appealable order. See R.C. 2505.02. It is axiomatic that a Civ.R. 60(B) motion may not
be used as a substitute for a timely appeal. Dokari at ¶ 11. See also Harris v. Dept. of
Rehab. & Corr., 10th Dist. No. 05AP-537, 2005-Ohio-6887; Daroczy v. Lantz, 10th Dist.
No. 02AP-31, 2002-Ohio-5417, ¶ 34; Kelm v. Kelm, 73 Ohio App.3d 395, 399 (10th
Dist.1992). See also Blasco v. Mislik, 69 Ohio St.2d 684, 686 (1982). A party may not
predicate a Civ.R. 60(B) motion for relief from judgment on issues that could have been
corrected by timely appeal. Id.
       {¶ 35} In this instance, any error on the part of the trial court with regard to the
decision to sua sponte dismiss appellant's counterclaim and enter judgment against
appellant individually could have been raised by appellant and addressed by this court in
a timely appeal from the trial court's final judgment entry of May 26, 2015. Appellant
may not use a motion for relief from judgment as a substitute for a timely appeal to this
court. Accordingly, this court is without jurisdiction to address the trial court's decision to
sua sponte dismiss the counterclaim due to appellant's failure to timely appeal to this
court from the trial court's May 26, 2015 judgment entry.
       {¶ 36} For the foregoing reasons, appellant's fourth assignment of error is
overruled.
V. CONCLUSION
       {¶ 37} Having overruled appellant's four assignments of error, we affirm the
judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas.
                                                                         Judgment affirmed.

                            BROWN and HORTON, JJ., concur.
                                   _______________
