                             RECORD IMPOUNDED

                        NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                      APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
     This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court."
      Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the
        parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.




                                       SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                       APPELLATE DIVISION
                                       DOCKET NO. A-3290-16T2

NEW JERSEY DIVISION OF
CHILD PROTECTION AND
PERMANENCY,

        Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

A.B.-H.,

        Defendant-Appellant,

and

R.H., W.T. and W.C.,1

     Defendants.
______________________________

IN THE MATTER OF A.T., C.C.
and L.H.,

     Minors.
_______________________________

              Submitted May 9, 2018 – Decided June 8, 2018

              Before Judges Manahan and Suter.




1
   No findings were made as to W.T. and W.C., the natural fathers
of Amanda and Clara, respectively, therefore they are not parties
to this appeal.
          On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey,
          Chancery Division, Family Part, Hudson County,
          Docket No. FN-09-0361-16.

          Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney
          for appellant (Thomas G. Hand, Designated
          Counsel, on the briefs).

          Gurbir S. Grewal, Attorney General, attorney
          for respondent (Jason W. Rockwell, Assistant
          Attorney General, of counsel; Sara M. Gregory,
          Deputy Attorney General, on the brief).

          Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, Law
          Guardian, attorney for minors A.T., C.C., and
          L.H. (Lisa M. Black, Designated Counsel, on
          the brief).

PER CURIAM

     Defendant A.B.-H. (Alice) appeals from a November 29, 2016

order finding that she abused and neglected her daughter A.T.

(Amanda) by failing to protect Amanda from sexual abuse by the

child's stepfather, R.H. (Ronald), therefore placing her child at

substantial risk of harm pursuant to N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.21(c)(4)(b).2

We affirm.

     The New Jersey Division of Child Protection and Permanency

(Division) became involved with the family on February 22, 2016,

after receiving a referral from a staff member at Amanda's school

reporting that Amanda, then fifteen years old, had a swollen left



2
  Pursuant to Rule 1:38-3(d)(12) and Rule 5:12-1, we use initials
and fictitious names of the family members for purpose of
confidentiality.

                                2                          A-3290-16T2
cheek and slight bruising under her left eye caused by a physical

altercation with her mother and stepfather.        According to the

referral, Amanda stated that she was doing her daily chores when

Ronald became enraged, telling her she was not doing a good job.

Amanda's boyfriend intervened and tried to defend Amanda but he

was put into a headlock by Ronald. Amanda attempted to pull Ronald

off of her boyfriend.     At that time, Alice approached Amanda and

hit her in the face.

     Amanda also reported that until approximately one year prior

to this altercation, Amanda and Ronald had a good relationship

until   he     inappropriately   touched   her,   which   made    her

uncomfortable.     As a result of the referral, the Division opened

an investigation into the allegations.

     The Division sent a caseworker, Carla Sousa, to interview

Amanda at her school.     Amanda told Sousa that sometime in August

2015, while lying on her bed, Ronald shaved her genitals, touched

her inappropriately with his finger and put his face "in her

private area."

     Amanda also told Sousa that a few months after this occurred,

she told Alice about the incident.     Alice confronted Ronald, who

denied the allegations.      A few weeks later, Ronald confronted

Amanda and asked her why she told Alice about "their little

secret."     Ronald then purchased a vibrator for Amanda so that she

                                   3                         A-3290-16T2
could "explore herself."            Amanda stated that although Ronald

continued to live in the home, he did not touch her inappropriately

again.

       After    meeting    with    Amanda,      Sousa   conducted   individual

interviews with Amanda's sister Clara, and with Alice and Ronald.

Clara reported that she witnessed her mother hit Amanda in the

face.    She further stated that Ronald never hit her or touched her

inappropriately.        Alice said that the altercation occurred because

Amanda was not doing her chores correctly.               After engaging in a

verbal altercation, Alice stated that Amanda physically assaulted

both    her    and   Ronald.      Ronald      acknowledged   that   he    had    an

altercation with Amanda.          Sousa did not inquire about the sexual

abuse.    At the conclusion of the interviews, Alice and Amanda

agreed that Amada should live with her aunt. Further, the Division

implemented homemaker services in the family home to ensure the

safety of the children.

       On February 23, 2016, Detective Mark Sojak from the Hudson

County Prosecutor's Office interviewed Amanda, Ronald and Alice.

Amanda repeated the statements she made to Sousa and to school

personnel confirming that Ronald purchased the vibrator for her

and that she told her mother about Ronald's actions.                     She also

confirmed      Ronald   shaved    her   and    inappropriately   touched      her.

Ronald admitted buying the vibrator for Amanda but denied shaving

                                         4                                A-3290-16T2
Amanda's private area or any sexual contact with her.                  Alice

confirmed that Amanda told her about the shaving incident but

disregarded the accusations after Ronald denied them and because

Amanda had a tendency to lie.           When questioned by Sojak, Alice

confirmed sexual practices between her and Ronald, including his

shaving her private area.          A no-contact order between Ronald and

Amanda was put into place.

    Subsequently, Ronald submitted to a polygraph test, which he

failed.   He was then arrested and charged with aggravated sexual

assault, child abuse and endangering the welfare of a child.

Amanda continued to reside with her aunt until the end of the

school year.      Afterward, it was her intention to reside with her

maternal grandmother in South Carolina.

    On    March     10,    2016,    Amanda   underwent    a   psychological

evaluation   at    The    Audrey   Hepburn   Children's   House   (AHCH),    a

diagnostic child abuse center.          Amanda discussed the allegations

of sexual abuse with Dr. Elouise Berry, and stated that despite

Alice's lack of support, she missed her mother and sisters and

wanted to return home.        Amanda admitted having thoughts of self-

mutilation but said she had not acted upon those thoughts.                She

stated that prior to the incident she did not have any academic

or social issues at school.         Amanda further stated that since the



                                       5                             A-3290-16T2
incident she felt self-conscious and was worried about her safety

when around boys.

     Following the clinical interview, Dr. Berry determined that

Amanda experienced a significant level of anxiety due to the

physical and sexual trauma and recommended Amanda participate in

individual trauma-focused therapy as well as group therapy with

Alice and her sisters.   Dr. Berry further found the inappropriate

sexual abuse by Ronald was "clinically supported" as was the

allegation of "neglect-substantial risk of physical injury" by

Alice.

     Amanda attended a second evaluation for sexual and physical

abuse at AHCH.      At the conclusion of the evaluation, it was

recommended that there be no contact between Ronald and Amanda

until the completion of the investigation, and that Amanda submit

to a follow-up medical exam if necessary.

     On May 10, 2016, the Division filed a verified complaint for

the protection, care and supervision of Amanda, Clara and their

sister, Lauren, which also named Alice and Ronald as defendants.

An order to show cause was conducted on May 31, 2016.      At the

conclusion of the hearing, the judge granted the Division care and

supervision of the children pursuant to Title 30, based upon the

allegations in the complaint of inappropriate sexual contact.   The

judge further ordered that Ronald would have supervised visitation

                                 6                         A-3290-16T2
with his natural daughter Lauren, and would not be permitted to

return    to     the   residence     in   the   event   he    was    released     from

incarceration.

        Thereafter, on June 16, 2016, at the return of the order to

show     cause    hearing,     the    judge     ordered      Alice    to   attend     a

psychological evaluation, and individual and family counseling.

Ronald    was    offered   a   psycho-social      evaluation         and   individual

counseling by the Division upon his release from incarceration.

        A compliance review hearing was held on September 22, 2016.

The judge ordered the Division assist with providing bunk beds so

that the children could sleep separately and provide more living

space, as well as a kitchen table and chairs, so that Alice and

the children could receive in-home counseling services.

        On October 24, 2016, Ronald pled guilty to second-degree

endangering the welfare of a child after he admitted to purchasing

the vibrator for Amanda and that he engaged in the act of shaving

her.3

        A Title 9 fact-finding commenced on November 9, 2016.                       The

Division presented several witnesses, including Sousa and Dr.




3
  It was unclear during the plea articulation what area on Amanda
he shaved.



                                           7                                  A-3290-16T2
Anthony Vincent D'Urso,4 Supervising Psychologist at AHCH.         On

direct examination, Sousa stated that the Division received a

referral in February 2016, in regards to the physical abuse of

Amanda, then fifteen years old.

     Sousa stated that she interviewed Amanda and that Amanda

informed her during their initial interview that in addition to

the physical abuse by Alice and Ronald, she had a "sexual encounter

with her stepfather, [Ronald.]"       Sousa testified:

          [Amanda] went to her bedroom and she had a
          sundress on, she laid on her bed and she put
          the TV on.

               At that point she said that [Ronald] came
          into the bedroom and . . . had taken off the
          blanket and had asked her if she had shaved
          her genitals. She then had said no and asked
          why he was asking her that.     At that point
          [Ronald] had left the bedroom and then had
          returned to the bedroom several minutes later
          with a bowl of water and a straight razor.

               At that point [Amanda] said that . . .
          [Ronald] started shaving her genital areas.
          [Amanda] . . . asked him . . . why he was
          doing that and for him to stop, which he then
          proceeded to, according to [Amanda], put his
          finger on her clitoris and then put his face
          in her private area and asked her if she liked
          it. . . . [Amanda] had told him to get off of
          her and he did.




4
  Defense counsel stipulated to Dr. D'Urso's expert qualifications
as a licensed psychologist.

                                  8                         A-3290-16T2
     Upon further questioning regarding other concerns of sexual

conduct, Sousa added:

          [Amanda] also had informed me that prior to
          that sexual contract [sic] [Ronald] . . .
          purchased her a vibrator and he had told her
          . . . that he would rather have her explore .
          . . herself rather than have sex with other
          males.

     In terms of this particular episode, Sousa testified that

Amanda "informed me that she did tell her mother about both

incidents" and "that her mother, [Alice], that she smoke [sic] to

[Ronald] about the incident and that [Ronald] had denied anything

that had ever happened and that that was it."

     Dr. D'Urso was the Division's second witness. He acknowledged

his signature as a co-author on the evaluation of Amanda conducted

by Dr. Berry that was marked for identification.       Dr. D'Urso

testified that Amanda was seen at AHCH based upon allegations of

sexual abuse by Ronald, and allegations of "voyeuristic behavior."

During his testimony, Dr. D'Urso explained the standard interview

protocol that matches the developmental level of the child; the

clinical interview process, which determines whether the child is

able to understand simple rules and whether they understand the

difference between a truth and a lie; and the differences in the

disclosure process, which is generally described as "accidental"

when dealing with younger children and "purposeful" with older


                                9                          A-3290-16T2
children.    With regard to Amanda, Dr. D'Urso determined she had

an adequate understanding of rules, truths and lies, and that she

ultimately made purposeful disclosures in terms of the sexual

behavior of Ronald.

     Dr. D'Urso testified that Amanda "had disclosed the incidents

[to her mother] earlier in the fall of 2015 according to her."

Dr. D'Urso also stated although Alice agreed that buying the

vibrator was inappropriate, she was "consistently ambivalent about

the truthfulness of the sexual behavior that existed."       Dr. D'Urso

further testified that regardless of Amanda's disclosure, Alice

did not limit access to Amanda and permitted Ronald to "remain[]

living in the home and serve[] as a parent."

     Dr. D'Urso opined that both the sexual and physical abuse

allegations were clinically supported by

            acts that were corroborated, purchase of a
            vibrator, involvement with [Ronald]. . . .
            There was some concern about sexualized
            behavior that sh[e] might be engaged in, so
            there was a context to understand some sexual
            behavior.

                 There was the initiation of something
            that was recognized, the vibrator for purposes
            of sexual exploration . . . . And then there
            were further statements about sexual behavior
            that existed between [Amanda] and [Ronald]
            where she gave us some detail that existed
            between the parents, who both acknowledged
            that she should be unaware of the kind of
            activity in the household.


                                 10                             A-3290-16T2
                 . . . .

                So the factors that we would look for
           clinical supports . . . so there is detail,
           there is a lack [of] fabrication or a motive
           to fabricate, I should say. There was some
           sexualized behavior that was acknowledged or
           some    initiating    behavior    that   was
           acknowledged.   There was some idiosyncratic
           detail.   There was affect.    She . . . had
           emotional reactivity.

     In an oral decision, the judge determined that Alice did

neglect or abuse her daughter by failing to protect her after she

was informed by Amanda of the sexual abuse by Ronald.         The judge

found that these actions or inactions placed all of her children

at   a   substantial   risk   of   harm   pursuant   to   N.J.S.A.   9:6-

8.21(c)(4)(b).    With regard to Alice, the judge held:

                [Alice] never reached out for help for
           that child.       She was inconsistent in
           testifying that she allowed him to shave
           [Amanda's] legs on graduation day, she was
           present, but she also testified she would have
           broken his neck even just for shaving his
           [sic] legs if she hadn't given him permission
           to do it.

                Basically,    [Alice]     was    totally
           incredible. She lacked credibility. . . .
           She didn't believe her daughter, despite
           sitting   here  listening   to   her  husband
           articulate the facts of a second-degree child
           endangering guilty plea.

     The judge further held:

           . . . [Alice] fail[ed] to protect that child.
           She never called the Division, she didn't seek
           counseling, she didn't get [Ronald] out of the

                                   11                            A-3290-16T2
             house, and she still is willing to let him
             come home.   She not only failed to protect
             that child but she really contributed to the
             problems and certainly poses a risk of harm
             to that child. She's shown she's not going
             to protect her.

         The judge further held that Ronald's conduct fit within the

    definition of sexual abuse and neglect and that he "told us so

    under oath, so that's . . . uncontested."

        After considering the proofs, the judge concluded that the

    Division had established abuse and neglect by a preponderance of

    the evidence against Alice.

        On appeal, Alice argues the trial court erred in finding that

    she committed an act of abuse or neglect against Amanda because

    no credible evidence was provided to support the trial court's

    findings.5   We disagree.

        Our review of the court's factual finding of neglect is

limited; we defer to the court's determinations "when supported

by adequate, substantial, credible evidence."     N.J. Div. of Youth

& Family Servs. v. I.Y.A., 400 N.J. Super. 77, 89 (App. Div. 2008)

(quoting Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 411-12 (1998)).           The

trial court is best suited to assess credibility, weigh testimony,

and develop a feel for the case, and we extend special deference

to the Family Part's expertise. N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs.


5
      A similar argument was raised by Alice in her reply brief.

                                  12                          A-3290-16T2
v. M.C. III, 201 N.J. 328, 342-43 (2010); Cesare, 154 N.J. at 412-

13.   Unless the trial judge's factual findings "went so wide of

the mark that a mistake must have been made," N.J. Div. of Youth

& Family Servs. v. M.M., 189 N.J. 261, 279 (2007) (quoting Snyder

Realty, Inc. v. BMW of N. Am., Inc., 233 N.J. Super. 65, 69 (App.

Div. 1989)), they should not be disturbed, even if we would not

have made the same decision if we had heard the case in the first

instance.     See Clark v. Clark, 429 N.J. Super. 61, 71 (App. Div.

2012).   "It is not our place to second-guess or substitute our

judgment for that of the family court, provided that the record

contains substantial and credible evidence to support" the judge's

decision.     N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. F.M., 211 N.J.

420, 448-49 (2012) (citing N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Services

v. E.P., 196 N.J. 88, 104 (2008)).

      Title 9 defines an "abused or neglected child" as "a child

less than [eighteen] years of age whose parent or guardian . . .

commits or allows to be committed an act of sexual abuse against

the   child[.]"   N.J.S.A.   9:6-8.21(c)(3).   The   burden   is   on   the

Division to prove abuse or neglect by a preponderance of the

"competent,    material   and   relevant   evidence[.]"   N.J.S.A.      9:6-

8.46(b); N.J. Dep't of Children & Families v. A.L., 213 N.J. 1,

22 (2013).



                                   13                              A-3290-16T2
    The Legislature has defined "sexual abuse" to mean "contacts

or actions between a child and a parent or caretaker for the

purpose of sexual stimulation of either that person or another

person[,]" and includes,

         (a)   the    employment,    use,    persuasion,
         inducement, enticement, or coercion of any
         child to engage in, or assist any other person
         to engage in, any sexually explicit conduct
         or simulation of such conduct; (b) sexual
         conduct including molestation, prostitution,
         other   forms   of  sexual    exploitation   of
         children, or incest; or (c) sexual penetration
         and sexual contact as defined in N.J.S.[A.]
         2C:14-1 and a prohibited sexual act as defined
         in N.J.S.[A.] 2C:24-4.

         [N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.84.]

    Pursuant to N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.21(a), a "[p]arent or guardian"

means "any . . . paramour of a parent, or any person, who has

assumed responsibility for the care, custody, or control of a

child or upon whom there is a legal duty for such care."

    A court does not have to wait until a child is actually harmed

before it can act in that child's welfare.    N.J. Div. of Youth &

Family Servs. v. V.M., 408 N.J. Super. 222, 235-36 (App. Div.

2009) (Carchman, P.J.A.D., concurring) (citing In re Guardianship

of D.M.H., 161 N.J. 365, 383 (1999)).   Nor does harm inflicted by

a defendant need to be intentional in order to substantiate a

finding of abuse or neglect.    M.C. III, 201 N.J. at 344.



                                14                           A-3290-16T2
     In finding neglect, the court must base its determination on

the totality of the circumstances.    N.J. Div. of Youth & Family

Servs. v. V.T., 423 N.J. Super. 320, 329 (App. Div. 2011).          A

finding of neglect must be based on the preponderance of the

evidence. N.J.S.A. 9:6-8.46(b); N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs.

v. G.M., 198 N.J. 382, 398 (2009).

     It is undisputed that Alice, based on her status in the

household, qualified as a "parent or guardian" under N.J.S.A. 9:6-

8.21(a).   Given Alice's statutory status and the proofs adduced

during the hearing relative to the acts of sexual abuse, we discern

no error in the determination that Alice's conduct constituted

abuse or neglect.

     Affirmed.




                               15                           A-3290-16T2
