                                              COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


              Present: Chief Judge Felton, Judges Petty and McCullough
UNPUBLISHED


              Argued at Alexandria, Virginia


              ROBERT HERMAN HODGES, JR.
                                                                           MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY
              v.      Record No. 1866-12-4                               CHIEF JUDGE WALTER S. FELTON, JR.
                                                                                 FEBRUARY 18, 2014
              COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA


                                   FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FREDERICK COUNTY
                                               Clifford L. Athey, Jr., Judge

                                Timothy S. Coyne, Public Defender (Office of the Public Defender,
                                on briefs), for appellant.

                                Donald E. Jeffrey, III, Senior Assistant Attorney General
                                (Kenneth T. Cuccinelli, II, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.


                      Robert Herman Hodges, Jr. (appellant) was convicted by the Circuit Court of Frederick

              County (trial court) for operating a motor vehicle after having been declared an habitual offender,

              second or subsequent offense, in violation of Code § 46.2-357.1 On appeal, appellant asserts that

              the trial court erred in finding that the order declaring him to be an habitual offender was legally

              sufficient proof that he violated the provisions of Code § 46.2-357. Specifically, appellant asserts

              that his habitual offender status ended on September 22, 2005, five and a half years prior to his

              arrest in this case. For the following reasons, we affirm appellant’s conviction.




                      *
                          Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
                      1
                      The sentencing order also sentenced the appellant for his convictions for failure to
              appear and escape. These convictions are not before the Court on appeal.
                                        I. BACKGROUND

       On March 4, 2011, at approximately 6:26 p.m., Frederick County Sheriff’s Deputy Don

Garcia observed appellant in the driver’s seat of a disabled vehicle. The vehicle was sitting in

the middle of a road in Frederick County. Appellant was attempting to start the vehicle.

Appellant told Deputy Garcia that the vehicle had a bad fuel pump. He also told Deputy Garcia

that he was on his way home from school. He was unable to produce a driver’s license, but

produced a “New York State Identification Card, or a learner’s permit.” Deputy Garcia gave

appellant’s information to a dispatcher and learned that appellant was an habitual offender.

       At trial, an order previously entered by the trial court on September 22, 1995, declaring

appellant an habitual offender, was admitted into evidence. That order stated, in part:

“WHEREUPON, the [c]ourt declares the Defendant to be an Habitual Offender and ORDERS

that the Defendant not operate a motor vehicle on the highways of the Commonwealth of

Virginia for a period of ten (10) years.” The order also directed appellant to surrender all

driver’s licenses and permits and instructed the court clerk to file a copy of the order declaring

appellant to be an habitual offender with the Department of Motor Vehicles.

       The order specifically provided:

               WHEREUPON, the [c]ourt further ORDERS that no license to
               operate a motor vehicle in the Commonwealth of Virginia shall be
               issued to the Defendant for a period of ten (10) years from the date
               of this Order finding him to be an Habitual Offender and that no
               license to operate a motor vehicle in the State of Virginia shall be
               issued to this Defendant hereafter until the privilege of such person
               to operate a motor vehicle in this State has been restored as
               provided by law.

(Emphasis added).

       Considering the evidence presented, the trial court denied appellant’s motion to strike the

Commonwealth’s evidence. Appellant thereafter renewed his motion to strike the

Commonwealth’s evidence which was also denied. The trial court then found appellant guilty of
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operating a motor vehicle after having been declared an habitual offender, second or subsequent

offense. The trial court sentenced appellant to five years in the state penitentiary with four years

suspended. This appeal followed.

                                             II. ANALYSIS

        On appeal, appellant asserts that the trial court incorrectly interpreted its September 22,

1995 order declaring appellant to be an habitual offender.

                [C]ircuit courts have the authority to interpret their own orders.
                However, a circuit court’s authority to interpret its order is subject
                to judicial review and even though this Court accords deference to
                the circuit court’s interpretation, that interpretation must be
                reasonable. We apply an abuse of discretion standard in
                determining whether the circuit court’s interpretation of its order is
                reasonable.

Roe v. Commonwealth, 271 Va. 453, 457-58, 628 S.E.2d 526, 528 (2006) (citations omitted).

        In Davis v. Commonwealth, 12 Va. App. 246, 402 S.E.2d 711 (1991), the order declaring

Davis an habitual offender provided that Davis’s “privilege to operate a motor vehicle . . . is

revoked for a period of ten (10) years from the date of this order.” 12 Va. App. at 247 n.2, 402

S.E.2d at 712 n.2. Because Davis’s habitual offender order did not contain a provision that the

“revocation would remain in force until the privilege” to drive a motor vehicle was restored by an

order of a court, the Court reversed Davis’s conviction. Id. at 249, 402 S.E.2d at 713. The Court

noted that the circuit court was required to give “full force and effect to the order as it reads” and

that “[h]ad the order provided that the revocation would remain in force until the privilege was

restored, the conviction would stand.” Id.

        Here, the September 22, 1995 order provided that appellant was not permitted to drive for a

period of ten years. However, it also stated that no license to operate a motor vehicle “shall be

issued . . . until the privilege of such person to operate a motor vehicle in this State has been restored

as provided by law,” and it informed appellant of the consequences of operating a motor vehicle


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during the ten-year period “and until his driving privileges are thereafter restored.” (Emphasis

added). Unlike the order in Davis, which did not contain a provision that the order was effective

until the privilege to operate a motor vehicle had been restored by an order of a court, there was

such a provision in the order declaring appellant an habitual offender.

       “[I]n the absence of express language limiting the duration of the effect of the order

declaring a person an habitual offender, the order remains in force until that person actually has his

privilege to drive restored.” Varga v. Commonwealth, 260 Va. 547, 552, 536 S.E.2d 711, 714

(2000). Here, like the order in Varga, there was no language limiting the duration of appellant’s

habitual offender status. The express language of the September 22, 1995 order restricted appellant

from obtaining an operator’s license for ten years and until his privilege to operate a motor vehicle

had been restored. There is no evidence in the record that appellant ever petitioned to have his

privilege to drive restored as required by Code § 46.2-356 (proscribing the period during which

habitual offender not to be licensed to drive motor vehicle). The 1995 order declaring appellant to

be an habitual offender remained in full force and effect. Accordingly, we hold that the trial court

did not err in finding the evidence was sufficient to convict appellant of operating a motor vehicle

after having been declared an habitual offender, second or subsequent offense, in violation of Code

§ 46.2-357.

                                         III. CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, we affirm appellant’s conviction.

                                                                                             Affirmed.




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