                                     STATE OF VERMONT

                                  ENVIRONMENTAL COURT

               In re: Appeal of Ashley Gray        }
               and Janet Gray, d/b/a Miss          }
               Lyndonville Diner                   } Docket No. 189-9-00 Vtec
                                                   }
                                                   }



                  Decision and Order on Cross-Motions for Summary Judgment

Appellants appealed from a decision of the Zoning Board of Adjustment (ZBA) of the Town of
Lyndon, denying their appeal of a Notice of Violation issued by the Zoning Administrator.
Appellants are represented by William P. Neylon, Esq.; the Town is represented by Franklin L.
Kochman, Esq. The parties have filed cross-motions for summary judgment on the sole question
in the Statement of Questions: whether the work performed on the property in the year 2000
constituted A land development@ under the Town of Lyndon Zoning Bylaws, so that a permit was
required in connection with that work. It is important to note that this case does not present the
question of whether Appellants can qualify for a permit for the work already performed, but only
the question of whether they must apply for a permit.

The following facts are undisputed unless otherwise noted.

Appellants own the Miss Lyndonville Diner, on a .76-acre lot on the easterly side of Route 5
(Broad Street), in the A Commercial@ zoning district of the Town of Lyndon. It is a pre-existing
structure, non-complying at least1 as to the front setback. The Zoning Bylaw was amended in
1996. The structure was non-complying as to front setback under both the old and the new
Zoning Bylaws.

Appellants received a zoning permit in 1981 authorizing two additions to the then-existing
structure. Appellants received a zoning permit in 1986 authorizing two more small additions to
the then-existing structure. Appellants received their most recent zoning permit in 1992
authorizing construction of office space as a second-story addition to then-existing structure.

At some time prior to 2000 Appellants installed wooden curbing within the front setback area.
That wooden curbing was in a rotting condition as of 2000. In April and May of 2000,
Appellants performed the following work2 on the property. The Town contends that they should
have applied for a permit prior to doing this work; Appellants contend that this work constitutes
repair and that no permit was required.

Appellants installed landscaping materials, installed concrete curbing, replaced an exterior
staircase, and altered the facade and roof of the building. The alterations to the roof, facade and
to the exterior staircase differed from the prior configuration of those elements of the structure,
and took place within the front setback area. The alterations to the roof facade extended the roof
some inches farther into the front setback than it had been before and changed its appearance
from a flat roofline facing to a slanted or mansard-type of roof facing. Some portion of the
concrete curbing replaced the wooden curbing. The extent to which the concrete curbing
replaced wooden curbing has not been established by the parties= material facts.

Section 13.2.1 of the Zoning Bylaws provides that no person shall commence development
without obtaining a permit > pursuant to these bylaws.= The application is to be filed with the
Zoning Administrator. The term A land development@ is defined in pertinent part in Article XV as
A the construction, reconstruction, conversion, structural alteration, relocation or enlargement of
any structure@ and as A any change in the use of any structure or land or extension of the use of
land.@ The only specific exclusion from the definition addresses the replacement of an existing
sign, not at issue in the present case. The term A structure@ is defined as A an assembly of
materials for occupancy or use, including, but not limited to, a building, mobile home, trailer,
tractor trailer, billboard or sign,@ and specifically excludes walls and fences.

Thus, the installation of new landscaping materials in an area already used for landscaping or
green space would not fall within the definition of > land development,= and therefore would not
require a permit, because it would not be a change in the use of land (and does not fall within the
definition of > structure= ). On the other hand, landscaping replacing, for example, a parking area
or a former building element, would require a permit as a change in the use of land.

The former wooden curbing and the new concrete curbing appear to fall within the exclusion (for
walls and fences) of the definition of > structure.= Thus their installation would not fall within the
definition of > land development,= and therefore would not require a permit.

The remaining work on the roof, on the facade, and on the exterior stairway, required a permit
because it falls within the definition of > land development= as the reconstruction, structural
alteration, or enlargement of elements of the structure. It required a permit regardless of whether
it increased the footprint of the building or made it more non-conforming in any way.

Beyond the argument that the work is not > land development,= Appellants also argue that they do
not need to apply for a permit because the work on the building is a permitted use under ' 5.5.
However, an applicant proposing a permitted use must still apply for a permit to undertake that
use. The work on the roof, the facade and the exterior stairway does appear to be the
maintenance, repair or replacement of a non-complying structure. Such work is a permitted use
under ' 5.5, A provided that such action does not increase the degree of non-compliance in any
respect.@ However, ' 5.5 does not relieve a party engaging in > land development= from the
requirement of applying for a permit for that work. It only provides the conditions under which
such a permit should be granted. In the present case, if the work were to qualify as maintenance,
repair or replacement of elements of the structure, and, indeed, even if Appellants were able to
show that it did not increase the degree of non-compliance in any respect, Appellants still should
have applied for a permit for the work.

Similarly, the work may qualify under ' 4.4.3 for work within the front setback. Under that
section, Appellants still should have applied for approval of the work as a conditional use, which
in turn requires that they first obtain site plan approval from the Planning Commission. Again,
we note that the present appeal only addresses whether they must apply, not whether the project
will or will not qualify under those standards.

Appellants also argue that the work may have fallen within the scope of their 1981, 1986 or 1991
permits. However, those permits require reapplication if work is to be done under them after two
years from the date of issuance of the permit. Accordingly, even if the work that was done in
2000 had been specified in those permits, Appellants still should have made a new application
for a permit for the year 2000 work, at least regarding the alterations to the roof, facade, and
exterior stairway.

Accordingly, based on the foregoing, the Town= s Motion for Summary Judgment is GRANTED
and Appellants= Motion for Summary Judgment is DENIED. Appellants must apply for a permit
for the year 2000 work on the roof, facade and exterior stairway. They may also have to include
the landscaping in the application if it replaces an area formerly used for parking or for a
building element.

This ruling may conclude the present appeal of the Notice of Violation, as no enforcement case
appears to have been filed. On or before March 28, 2001 the parties shall discuss the procedural
posture of the case and shall file either a joint statement or separate statements in writing as to
whether this ruling concludes the appeal, or, if not, what remains to be scheduled. If those
statements do not agree, we will then schedule a telephone conference to be held on April 6,
2001.



Done at Barre, Vermont, this 14th day of March, 2001.




___________________
Merideth Wright
Environmental Judge



                                             Footnotes
1.
     The parties only discuss front setback noncompliance; if the property is non-complying in
any other respect, such noncompliance is not before the Court in the present case.
2.
     The parties may have minor factual disagreements regarding the specifics of the work
performed, but are in agreement that those disagreements do not prevent the Court from ruling
on summary judgment whether the work required a permit. See Appellants’ Memorandum filed
February 5, 2001, first full paragraph on page 3.
