                                                                          F I L E D
                                                                    United States Court of Appeals
                                                                            Tenth Circuit
                 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                            April 6, 2006

                                 TENTH CIRCUIT                         Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                           Clerk of Court



 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

          Plaintiff-Appellee,
                                                         No. 04-2334
 v.                                               (D.C. No. CR-03-1210-WJ)
                                                          (D.N.M.)
 CHRISTOPHER MICHAEL BURNS,

          Defendant-Appellant.




                            ORDER & JUDGMENT *


Before HARTZ, SEYMOUR, and McCONNELL, Circuit Judges.



      Defendant-Appellant Christopher Burns appeals from the sentence imposed

after his guilty plea to being a felon in possession of a firearm in violation of 18

U.S.C. §§ 922(g)(1) and 924(a)(2). Mr. Burns’ plea hearing took place after the

United States Supreme Court decided Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296

(2004), but before the Court decided United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220



      After examining appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this panel has
      *

determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the
determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2) and 10th Cir. R.
34.1(G). The case is therefore submitted without oral argument.
(2005). For the reasons set out below, we reverse and remand to the district court

for resentencing.

      The indictment alleged that Mr. Burns, “having been convicted of crimes

punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year, kidnaping, robbery,

and aggravated battery . . . , did knowingly possess . . . a firearm, a Kel Tec,

.9mm handgun . . . .” Rec., vol. I, doc. 1 at 1. The government made the

following statements at the plea hearing to establish a factual basis for Mr. Burns’

guilty plea. Police officers, in responding to a disturbance call, attempted to stop

a blue Geo Metro in which Mr. Burns was a passenger. A high-speed chase

ensued, and the vehicle crashed into a fence. Other officers arrived at the scene

and discovered a black Kel Tec. nine millimeter handgun in a nearby yard. Upon

being questioned regarding the gun, Mr. Burns stated that it belonged to him. He

also stated that he and the driver of the vehicle had been at a party, had gotten in

an altercation with several individuals, and that he had fired two shots into the

ground from the vehicle as it drove away. The court then had the following

colloquy with Mr. Burns, who had been duly sworn:

             THE COURT: Now, Mr. Burns, did you hear what the
      prosecutor just stated?
             THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor, I did.
             THE COURT: Now, do you agree with all the facts she recited
      into the record?
             THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

Rec., vol. III at 15-16 (Trans. Of Plea Hearing). Counsel for Mr. Burns made

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clear at the hearing that he was reserving the right to challenge pursuant to

Blakely any enhancements to Mr. Burns’ sentence that might be recommended in

the presentence report (PSR).

      The PSR essentially recited the same facts set forth at Mr. Burns’ plea

hearing. It also recommended the following: 1) a four-level enhancement

pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(b)(5) for possession of a firearm in connection with

the commission of another felony offense, namely, the New Mexico state offense

of shooting from a motor vehicle in violation of N.M. S TAT . A NN . § 30-3-8; 2) an

assessment of two criminal history points for committing the charged offense

while under a criminal sentence; and 3) an assessment of one criminal history

point for committing the charged offense within one year of release from

incarceration. The PSR concluded accordingly that Mr. Burns’ total offense level

was 21, which resulted in a guideline range of 57 to 71 months when combined

with a criminal history category of IV. As predicted, Mr. Burns objected to the

recommendations under Blakely. The district court nonetheless adopted the PSR

and sentenced him to 57 months, after stating that Mr. Burns had admitted at the

plea hearing to the facts supporting the enhancements. Rec., vol. IV at 17.

      Mr. Burns filed this timely appeal requesting remand and resentencing in

light of the Supreme Court’s subsequent decision in Booker, which is applicable

to this direct appeal. The government concedes that this is an appropriate remedy


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in light of the district court’s mandatory application of the guidelines. Aple. Br.

at 7.

        Pursuant to Booker, a district court’s application of the guidelines as

mandatory rather than advisory constitutes “non-constitutional Booker error.”

United States v. Gonzalez-Huerta, 403 F.3d 727, 731-32 (10th Cir. 2005). This is

precisely what happened in Mr. Burns’ case. In assessing the voluntariness of

Mr. Burns’ guilty plea, the district court stated that judges “must follow” the

guidelines in determining sentences. Rec., vol. III at 9. Because Mr. Burns

objected to the application of the sentencing enhancements in reliance on Blakely,

we review to determine whether the non-constitutional Booker error was

harmless.

        The court sentenced Mr. Burns to 57 months, the least amount of time

permissible under the applicable guideline given the court’s findings regarding his

offense level and criminal history. Where, as here, a sentence is

        already at the bottom of the guidelines range, to say that the district
        court would have imposed the same sentence given the new legal
        landscape (even after consulting the Sentencing Guidelines in an
        advisory capacity) places us in the zone of speculation and
        conjecture–we simply do not know what the district court would have
        done after hearing from the parties.

United States v. Labastida-Segura, 396 F.3d 1140, 1143 (10th Cir. 2005). As in

Labastida-Segura, we cannot say the district court here would not have given Mr.

Burns a lesser sentence if it had known the guidelines were advisory. We

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therefore conclude that remand and resentencing in light of the remedial holding

in Booker is appropriate in this case.

      Mr. Burns suggests that because we are remanding to the district court for

further proceedings, we need not decide the rest of the sentencing issues he has

raised on appeal. Aplt. Reply Br. at 1. We agree. See United States v. Cano-

Silva, 402 F.3d 1031, 1039 (10th Cir. 2005) (declining to reach Blakely/Booker

claim after determining re-sentencing was appropriate on primary claim that

sentence violated guidelines).

      We REVERSE and REMAND with directions that the district court

resentence Mr. Burns in accordance with Booker.

                                         ENTERED FOR THE COURT


                                         Stephanie K. Seymour
                                         Circuit Judge




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