                                                                        F I L E D
                                                                  United States Court of Appeals
                                                                          Tenth Circuit
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                         MAR 20 2000
                                     TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                      PATRICK FISHER
                                                                                Clerk

 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

               Plaintiff-Appellee,                      No. 99-2229
          v.                                                D.N.M.
 RAYMUNDO JARAMILLO-                             (D.C. No. CR-98-653-MV)
 GARCIA,

               Defendant-Appellant.


                            ORDER AND JUDGMENT          *




Before , BALDOCK , HENRY and LUCERO , Circuit Judges.


      Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia was charged with four counts relating to a conspiracy

to possess and distribute marijuana, specifically: (1) conspiring to possess with

intent to distribute more than 100 kilograms of marijuana, in violation of 21

U.S.C. § 846; (2) possessing with intent to distribute more than 50 kilograms and

more of marijuana, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841; (3) using a minor in the

commission of a drug trafficking crime, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 861; and (4)



      *
        This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
threatening a witness with the intent to influence or prevent testimony in violation

of 18 U.S.C. § 1512(b)(1). A jury found Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia guilty of the first

three counts and acquitted him on the fourth count. The district court sentenced

Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia to concurrent terms of imprisonment of 151 months on the

first three counts. It also imposed an eight-year term of supervised release on the

§ 846 count and concurrent six-year terms of supervised release on the § 841 and

§ 861 counts.

      Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia now appeals. Specifically, he contests the sentencing

court’s imposition of a three-level upward adjustment under USSG §3B1.1(b) for

his supervisory role and a two-level upward adjustment under USSG §3C1.1 for

obstruction of justice. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.



I. Enhancement      for Supervisory Role.

      In order to impose a three-level enhancement under USSG §3B1.1(b), the

sentencing court must find by a preponderance of the evidence that Mr. Jaramillo-

Garcia managed or supervised a criminal activity which involved five or more

participants or was otherwise extensive.    See USSG §3B1.1(b); United States v.

Wacker , 72 F.3d 1453, 1476 (10th Cir. 1996)     . A manager or supervisor must

possess “decision-making authority or control over a subordinate.”    United States

v. Roberts , 14 F.3d 502, 524 (10th Cir. 1993). We review the district court’s


                                           -2-
findings of fact for clear error, and we give deference to the district court’s

application of the Sentencing Guidelines to the facts.     See Wacker , 72 F.3d at

1476. We review questions of law regarding the application of these guidelines

de novo. See id.

       We must accept the district court’s finding that Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia was a

manager or supervisor because that finding is not clearly erroneous.      See United

States v. Levine , 983 F.2d 165, 168 (10th Cir. 1992). The record supports the

finding that Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia “exercised some degree of control” over Ms.

Jaramillo. United States v. Reid , 911 F.2d 1456, 1464 (10th Cir.1990) (quoting

United States v. Fuller , 897 F.2d 1217, 1220 (1st Cir. 1990)),    see also Roberts , 14

F.3d at 524.

       Although Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia does not contest the district court’s finding

that the criminal activity involved five or more participants, he asserts the record

does not support the finding that he supervised his wife, co-defendant Ani Lou

Jaramillo, during the course of the conspiracy. Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia contends

that he did not have a managerial role in the conspiracy, which involved several

deliveries of marijuana. Specifically, Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia relies on evidence

that: (1) he received approximately the same pay as other participants in the

conspiracy, (2) he did not join the conspiracy until after the third delivery of

contraband, and (3) there was a statement in the presentence report that Ms.


                                            -3-
Jaramillo “was responsible for arranging everything.” Rec. vol. III, at 12 (Tr. of

June 21, 1999 Sentencing Hr’g) (quoting Rec. vol. II ¶ 8). Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia

also notes that the jury acquitted him of threatening a witness with the intent to

influence or prevent testimony.

      We disagree with Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia’s contentions. The evidence

presented and considered by the district court shows Ms. Jaramillo acted as a drug

courier during this and previous instances, transporting marijuana in a van with

three other women and eight children. During the instance in question, the van

preceded a group of men, which included Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia. Mr. Jaramillo-

Garcia helped to load the van and then he directed Ms. Jaramillo and the children

to ride in it. Ms. Jaramillo testified that Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia pointed a gun at her

several times in front of the children, and also threatened to kill her if she did not

cooperate. See Rec. vol. V, at 212-13, 241. Finally, the record indicates that Mr.

Jaramillo-Garcia frequently carried Ms. Jaramillo’s identification with him,

returning it in this instance just before crossing the border into the United States.

See id. at 235-36.

      We acknowledge that the evidence of Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia’s supervisory

role is relatively sparse: he did not receive a significantly larger profit than

others in the conspiracy, did not provide specific instructions as to the route of

the van and did not collect the money or arrange the loads. However, the district


                                          -4-
court made no clear error when it found that Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia was a manager

or supervisor under §3B1.1(b).       See United States v. Allemand , 34 F.3d 923, 931

(10th Cir. 1994) (stating that “although the evidence of [defendant’s] supervisory

role is sparse, we cannot say that the court clearly erred by finding that Thomas

was a manager or supervisor under section 3B1.1(b)”).

II. Enhancement       for Obstruction of Justice

       Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia also contends that the district court erred by

enhancing his sentence pursuant to USSG §3C1.1. We review the district court’s

factual determinations concerning an obstruction of justice enhancement for clear

error, giving due deference to the district court’s application of the guidelines to

the facts. See United States v. Hankins , 127 F.3d 932, 934 (10th Cir. 1997).

Section 3C1.1 mandates a two-level offense increase “[i]f the defendant willfully

obstructed or impeded, or attempted to obstruct or impede, the administration of

justice during the investigation, prosecution, or sentencing of the instant offense .

. . .” USSG §3C1.1 (1997). This enhancement is warranted for a defendant’s

conduct which “threaten[s], intimidat[es], or otherwise unlawfully influenc[es] a .

. . witness.”   Id. cmt. n.3(a).

       Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia testified at the sentencing hearing that Ms. Jaramillo

lied when she testified that he threatened to kill her if she cooperated with the

United States in this matter.      See Rec. vol. III, at 7. The sentencing court found


                                             -5-
Ms. Jaramillo’s trial testimony credible, however.   See id. at 13. Again, we reject

Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia’s contentions. The district court’s determination to enhance

Mr. Jaramillo-Garcia’s sentence for obstruction of justice was not clearly

erroneous.

      Accordingly, we AFFIRM the district court’s sentencing of Mr. Jaramillo-

Garcia.

                                         Entered for the Court,




                                         Robert H. Henry
                                         Circuit Judge




                                            -6-
