[Cite as Thompson v. Bingham Greenbaum Doll, L.L.P., 2019-Ohio-2123.]


                                     COURT OF APPEALS
                                 DELAWARE COUNTY, OHIO
                                 FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                          JUDGES:
ROBERT THOMPSON, ET AL                            :       Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
                                                  :       Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
                    Plaintiffs-Appellants         :       Hon. Earle E. Wise, J.,
                                                  :
-vs-                                              :
                                                  :       Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089
BINGHAM GREENEBAUM DOLL                           :
LLP                                               :
                                                  :       OPINION
                    Defendant-Appellee




CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                              Civil appeal from the Delaware County
                                                      Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 17 CV A
                                                      07 0416


JUDGMENT:                                             Affirmed



DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                               May 24, 2019

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiffs-Appellants                             For Defendant-Appellee

ROBERT & BARRY THOMPSON, PRO SE                       JOHN SCOTT
5819 Natureview Lane                                  2050 Fourth & Vine Tower
Dublin, OH 43017                                      Cincinnati, OH 45202
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089                                              2

Gwin, P.J.

        {¶1}   Appellants Barry and Robert Thompson appeal the judgment entries of the

Delaware County Court of Common Pleas: granting appellee Bingham Greenebaum Doll

LLP’s motion for summary judgment, denying the Thompsons’ motion for sanctions, and

denying the Thompsons’ motion to compel against non-party Huntington Bank.

                                   Facts & Procedural History

        {¶2}   Appellants Barry and Robert Thompson (“the Thompsons”) filed a complaint

against appellee Bingham Greenebaum Doll LLP (“BGD”) in the Franklin County Court of

Common Pleas on March 14, 2017. The complaint alleges the Thompsons hired BGD to

represent them in three legal matters: Tarullo v. Thompson in the Delaware County

Common Pleas Court; Ceres Protein, LLC v. Thompson Mechanical & Design in the

United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky; and to represent them

with regards to intellectual property matters pending at the United States Patent and

Trademark Office.      The Thompsons alleged BGD’s representation fell below the

applicable standard of care and BGD was negligent. BGD filed an answer on April 13,

2017.

        {¶3}   BGD filed a motion to change venue. BGD alleged proper venue for this

case lies either in Delaware County, where the alleged malpractice occurred, or Hamilton

County, where BGD is located, not in Franklin County, as the only averment in the

complaint regarding Franklin County is that the Thompsons are residents of Franklin

County.    BGD noted all work performed by BGD with regards to the Thompsons’

intellectual property was performed in their Indiana office.
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089                                                   3


       {¶4}   The Franklin County Court of Common Pleas issued a judgment entry

granting the motion for change of venue on June 8, 2017, transferring the case to the

Delaware County Common Pleas Court. The trial court noted the motion was unopposed,

as the Thompsons did not file a brief in opposition within fourteen days as set forth as the

response time in Local Rule 21. The trial court found Civil Rule 3(C)(3) is not applicable

in this case because the complaint fails to allege any action taken by BGD in Franklin

County and because the Thompsons allege the malpractice occurred in Delaware County

and Kentucky. The trial court examined whether the signing or execution of agreements

in Franklin County made venue proper in Franklin County pursuant to Civil Rule 3(C)(6).

The trial court found the act of signing an agreement in Franklin County is not sufficient

to establish venue in Franklin County when the alleged negligence occurred in Delaware

County. The trial court found BGD met its burden pursuant to Civil Rule 3(D)(1) to

establish that venue is not proper in Franklin County and that while venue lies in both

Hamilton County and Delaware County, under the facts and circumstances of the case,

Delaware County is the most appropriate venue.

       {¶5}   After the trial court issued its entry granting the motion for change of venue,

the Thompsons filed a motion to vacate the trial court’s entry granting change of venue.

BGD filed a memorandum in opposition to the Thompsons’ motion to vacate. The

Thompsons filed an objection on July 17, 2017, objecting to any argument or hearing in

this case being conducted in Delaware County. On July 17, 2017, the Franklin County

trial court issued an entry finding the Thompsons’ objections moot because the case had

been transferred to the Delaware County Court of Common Pleas.
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089                                                   4


       {¶6}   The Thompsons filed an affidavit of disqualification against the trial judge in

Delaware County on July 11, 2017. The Chief Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court denied

the affidavit of disqualification on July 31, 2017 and found the case could proceed before

the trial court judge in Delaware County.

       {¶7}   The trial court issued a scheduling entry on November 14, 2017. The

scheduling entry provides that each party shall identify the name of each expert witness

to be called at trial and state the subject matter on which the expert is expected to testify

no later than February 15, 2018 and that any party may designate additional expert

witnesses for rebuttal by March 16, 2018. The entry further provides all expert’s reports

shall be provided within sixty days of the disclosure of the expert and that, “a party may

not call an expert witness to testify unless a written report has been procured from the

witness and provided to opposing counsel.” The discovery deadline set forth in the

scheduling entry is August 31, 2018. As to motions to compel, the entry provides, “prior

to filing a motion to compel discovery, the parties shall have discussed the issue with

opposing counsel and, if no resolution, shall contact the Judge’s Office to discuss the

issue with either the Judge or Magistrate.” The trial court set the dispositive motion

deadline for September 14, 2018.

       {¶8}   The Thompsons filed a motion to compel against non-party Huntington

National Bank (“Huntington”). The Thompsons alleged Huntington failed to respond to a

subpoena issued by the Thompsons. Huntington filed a memorandum in opposition on

November 9, 2017. The Thompsons filed a reply on December 18, 2017. On February

12, 2018, the trial court denied the Thompsons’ motion to compel with regard to

Huntington Bank. The trial court concluded Huntington met its burden of demonstrating
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089                                               5


compliance with subpoena requests one through six, and subpoena request seven is

overbroad and would create an undue burden on Huntington. The trial court found the

Thompsons did not adequately narrow their discovery requests to issues relevant to this

lawsuit only, specific people, contact information, and/or specific date ranges.

       {¶9}   On February 15, 2018, BGD filed its disclosure of expert witnesses. BGD

filed its experts’ reports on April 16, 2018.

       {¶10} BGD filed a motion for summary judgment on August 30, 2018. BGD

argued in its motion that: legal malpractice claims must be supported by expert testimony

regarding the alleged deviation from the standard of care unless the breach is within the

ordinary knowledge of lay people; the Thompsons have no expert testimony to support

their claims; and the time to identify experts and produce reports has passed.

       {¶11} Attached to BGD’s motion for summary judgment is the affidavit and expert

report of Attorney Thomas Burger (“Burger”), a patent attorney. Burger opined that BGD

did not breach any duty to the Thompsons, as there was no failure and no representation

below the standard of care. Further, that the Thompsons are not able to establish a

causal connection between the alleged malpractice and the money damages allegedly

arising therefrom.

       {¶12} Also attached to BGD’s motion for summary judgment is the affidavit and

expert report of Attorney Thomas Hill (“Hill”). Hill opined, to a reasonable degree of

certainty, that BGD did exercise the degree of skill and learning normally applied by

members of the legal profession and there was no causal connection between the event

complained of and the resulting damage or loss in either the Delaware County case or

the Kentucky case.
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089                                                  6


       {¶13} BGD attached the affidavit and expert report of Robert Hojnoski (“Hojnoski”)

to its motion for summary judgment. Hojnoski opined that, as to the Delaware County

case and the Kentucky case, BGD met or exceeded the standard of care with respect to

their prior representation of the Thompsons and that neither Attorney Donnellon, nor

Attorney Rodger, nor any representative of BGD, caused any damage or harm to the

Thompsons. Hojnoski stated, “although it is somewhat difficult to understand the basis

for Thompson’s actions against BGD, it is my opinion that all damages/losses claimed by

Thompson against BGD were caused by the conduct, acts or omissions of Barry and/or

Robert Thompson” and that “such damages were not reasonably preventable or

avoidable by BGD.” Hojnoski opined the Thompsons’ claims against BGD have no merit

and are borderline frivolous.

       {¶14} The Thompsons filed a memorandum in support of their own motion for

summary judgment and memorandum in opposition to BGD’s motion for summary

judgment on September 14, 2018.         The Thompsons argued no expert testimony is

required because any layperson could understand the issues in this case. Further, that

summary judgment is inappropriate because BGD failed to respond to discovery requests

and because BGD’s motion for summary judgment was an “unfair surprise.” Barry

Thompson and Robert Thompson each filed an affidavit in support of their motion for

summary judgment on September 14, 2018. In their affidavits, Barry and Robert provide

details of their relationship with Michael Tarullo, the litigation in Delaware County and in

the Kentucky courts, their efforts to obtain a patent, and their communication and

interaction with attorneys involved in their business transactions and litigation.
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089                                                 7


       {¶15} The Thompsons filed a motion for sanctions against BGD on September 17,

2018. The Thompsons sought the following sanctions against BGD for the failure to

comply with their July 5, 2018 discovery request: prohibiting BGD from introducing their

expert reports into evidence; striking BGD’s answer; striking BGD’s expert reports;

immediate dismissal of BGD’s motion for summary judgment; finding BGD in contempt of

court; and financial sanctions against BGD. BGD filed a memorandum contra to the

Thompsons’ motion for sanctions on October 1, 2018, stating BGD provided responses

to the discovery on September 4, 2018, as evidenced by a certificate of mailing from the

United States Postal Service. The Thompsons filed a reply on October 11, 2018.

       {¶16} BGD filed a memorandum in opposition to the Thompsons’ motion for

summary judgment on September 28, 2018. The Thompsons filed a reply to their motion

for summary judgment on October 1, 2018. BGD filed a reply in support of its motion for

summary judgment on October 2, 2018.

       {¶17} The trial court issued a judgment entry on October 17, 2018. As to the

motions for summary judgment, the trial court found the issues asserted by the

Thompsons require expert analysis and this is a case that “perfectly illustrates why expert

testimony in a legal malpractice case is essential.” The trial court stated BGD submitted

the following affidavits: the affidavit of Hojnoski, who opined that Attorneys Donnellon

and Rodger met or exceeded the standard of care and neither attorney, nor any other

representative of BGD caused harm to the Thompsons; the affidavit of Hill, who provided

a comprehensive description of and analysis of the Thompsons’ complaints about BGD

and opined that BGD attorneys exercised the degree of skill and learning normally applied

by members of the legal profession and there was no causal connection between the
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089                                                     8


conduct of BGD attorneys and any damage or loss to the Thompsons; and the affidavit

of Burger, a patent attorney, who opined that the Thompsons are unable to establish that

anything BGD attorneys did breached a duty or that there was a causal connection

between BGD’s acts and the Thompsons’ claimed damages. The trial court further stated

that the Thompsons only provided their own individual affidavits, in which they describe

the details of their relationship with Michael Tarullo, their previous litigation in this Court

and in the Kentucky case, their efforts to obtain a patent, and their communications and

interactions with attorneys who have been involved in their business transactions and

litigation. The trial court concluded the affidavits by the Thompsons, in the absence of

expert testimony to corroborate their averments, are not sufficient to establish the

existence of material fact to overcome a motion for summary judgment. The trial court

thus granted BGD’s motion for summary judgment and denied the Thompsons’ cross

motion for summary judgment.

       {¶18} As to the Thompsons’ motion for sanctions, the trial court stated the Ohio

Civil Rules do not recognize a defense of “unfair surprise” in relation to a party filing a

motion for summary judgment and BGD filed its motion within the time allotted by the trial

court’s scheduling order. The trial court found the crux of the Thompsons’ argument is

that BGD should not have moved for summary judgment before answering the discovery

requests the Thompsons served on August 13, 2018. The trial court found BGD did

answer the discovery requests as it filed its “Notice of Compliance” on September 4, 2018

and further, that BGD was not required to respond to the discovery requests or wait for

the Thompsons to depose their witnesses prior to moving for summary judgment. The

trial court additionally found BGD did provide information related to the compensation of
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089                                                 9


BGD’s experts and identified the facts and data its experts reviewed and relied on in

providing their expert opinions. The trial court also stated that even if BGD’s responses

somehow fell short, the Thompsons did not comply with the local rules or Civil Rule 37

because they failed to discuss their discovery complaints with BGD or the trial court prior

to asking for sanctions. The trial court denied the Thompsons motion for sanctions.

       {¶19} The Thompsons appeal the judgment entries of the trial court and assign

the following as error:

       {¶20} “I. THE COURT ERRED IN GRANTING DEFENDANT-APPELLEE’S

MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND CROSS DENYING PLAINTIFFS-

APPELLANTS’ CROSS MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT.

       {¶21} “II. THE COURT ERRED IN DENYING PLAINTIFFS-APPELLANTS’

MOTION FOR SANCTIONS.

       {¶22} “III. THE COURT ERRED IN OPPOSING THE AFFIDAVIT OF

DISQUALIFICATION SUBMITTED BY PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT ROBERT THOMPSON

TO THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO.

       {¶23} “IV. THE COURT ERRED IN DENYING PLAINTIFFS-APPELLANTS’

MOTION TO COMPEL, AND IN ALLOWING THE HUNTINGTON NATIONAL BANK TO

INTERVENE IN THIS ACTION.

       {¶24} “V. THE COURT ERRED IN GRANTING DEFENDANT-APPELLEE’S

MOTION FOR CHANGE OF VENUE FROM FRANKLIN COUNTY, OHIO TO

DELAWARE COUNTY, OHIO.”
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089                                                   10


                                                  I.

      {¶25} In their first assignment of error, the Thompsons argue the trial court erred

in denying their motion for summary judgment and in granting BGD’s motion for summary

judgment. The Thompsons contend they are not required to have expert testimony

because any layperson can understand the facts and issues in the case and they argue

the motion for summary judgment was inappropriate because it was filed after BGD failed

to respond to discovery and was filed before discovery ended.

      {¶26} Civ.R. 56 states, in pertinent part:

      Summary judgment shall be rendered forthwith if the pleadings,

      depositions, answers to interrogatories, written admissions, affidavits,

      transcripts of evidence, and written stipulations of fact, if any, timely filed in

      the action, show that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that the

      moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. No evidence or

      stipulation may be considered except as stated in this rule. A summary

      judgment shall not be rendered unless it appears from the evidence or

      stipulation, and only from the evidence or stipulation, that reasonable minds

      can come to but one conclusion and that conclusion is adverse to the party

      against whom the motion for summary judgment is made, that party being

      entitled to have the evidence or stipulation construed mostly strongly in the

      party’s favor. A summary judgment, interlocutory in character, may be

      rendered on the issue of liability alone although there is a genuine issue as

      to the amount of damages.
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089                                                 11


       {¶27} A trial court should not enter a summary judgment if it appears a material

fact is genuinely disputed, nor if, construing the allegations most favorably towards the

non-moving party, reasonable minds could draw different conclusions from the

undisputed facts. Hounshell v. Am. States Ins. Co., 67 Ohio St.2d 427, 424 N.E.2d 311

(1981). The court may not resolve any ambiguities in the evidence presented. Inland

Refuse Transfer Co. v. Browning-Ferris Inds. of Ohio, Inc., 15 Ohio St.3d 321, 474 N.E.2d

271 (1984). A fact is material if it affects the outcome of the case under the applicable

substantive law. Russell v. Interim Personnel, Inc., 135 Ohio App.3d 301, 733 N.E.2d

1186 (6th Dist. 1999).

       {¶28} When reviewing a trial court’s decision to grant summary judgment, an

appellate court applies the same standard used by the trial court. Smiddy v. The

Wedding Party, Inc., 30 Ohio St.3d 35, 506 N.E.2d 212 (1987). This means we review

the matter de novo. Doe v. Shaffer, 90 Ohio St.3d 388, 2000-Ohio-186, 738 N.E.2d 1243.

       {¶29} In order to establish a cause of action for legal malpractice based upon

negligent representation, a plaintiff must establish: (1) an attorney-client relationship

giving rise to a duty; (2) a breach of that duty; and (3) a causal nexus between the alleged

negligent conduct and the resulting damage. Krahn v. Kinney, 43 Ohio St.3d 103, 538

N.E.2d 1058 (1989). “Failure to prove any one of these elements entitles a defendant to

summary judgment on a legal malpractice claim.” Brunstetter v. Keating, 11th Dist.

Trumbull No. 2002-T-0057, 2003-Ohio-3270.

       {¶30} “Generally, expert testimony would be required in regard to professional

standards of performance.” McInnis v. Hyatt Legal Clinics, 10 Ohio St.3d 112, 461 N.E.2d

1295 (1984). Unless the alleged breach of care is so obvious that it can be determined
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089                                                 12


from the ordinary knowledge and experience of a layman, an expert witness is necessary

in a legal malpractice action to establish that an attorney breached the duty of care.

Aleshire v. Shamansky, 5th Dist. Licking No. 08 CA 41, 2008-Ohio-5414.

         {¶31} In their legal malpractice case against BGD, the Thompsons allege BGD

made multiple acts and omissions, including: Attorney Donnellon of BGD has a quid pro

quo relationship with Attorney Michael Tarullo, the plaintiff in the Delaware County

Common Pleas case that “superseded their duties to us or the law”; that BGD intentionally

destroyed their cases while actively misleading them to interfere with their legal rights in

previous litigation; the BGD attorneys failed to show up to prosecute the cases; that

Attorney Donnellon removed Attorney Tarullo from the federal court litigation in Kentucky

while concealing the removal; that Attorney Donnellon and Attorney Rodger led the

Thompsons to believe that they were seeking relief from judgment in a prior case in the

Delaware Common Pleas Court but did not do so; that Attorney Donnellon refused to

appeal the judgment in the Kentucky case when it was too late to seek other counsel to

do so; that BGD missed critical deadlines in the Kentucky case; that BGD ignored

egregious violations of the Thompsons’ rights by their first counsel in the litigation; that

BGD ignored that Attorney Tarullo’s status as the Thompsons’ legal counsel precluded

him from engaging in litigation against the Thompsons; that BGD improperly had this case

transferred from Franklin County to Delaware County; and that Attorney Daniluck billed

the Thompsons despite his having failed to obtain patents for inventions as he was hired

to do.

         {¶32} We concur with the trial court that these issues are not within the common

knowledge of the layperson and that expert testimony was required. At the time the trial
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089                                                 13


court granted BGD’s motion for summary judgment on October 17, 2018, the time to

identify expert witnesses had passed (February 15, 2018), the deadline to submit expert

reports had passed, and the discovery deadline (August 31, 2018) had passed. In support

of their summary judgment and in opposition to the Thompsons’ motion for summary

judgment, BGD submitted several expert reports.         Hojnoski opined no attorney or

representative of BGD caused harm to the Thompsons, any damages or losses claimed

by the Thompsons against BGD were caused by the conduct, acts, or omissions by the

Thompsons, and the Thompsons’ claims against BGD have no merit and are borderline

frivolous. Hill concluded that there was no causal connection between the conduct of

BGD attorneys and any damages or loss to the Thompsons and that the BGD attorneys

exercised the degree of care and skill normally applied by members of the legal

profession. Burger, a patent attorney, concluded the Thompsons are unable to establish

that their patent application was unsuccessful, that anything BGD attorneys did breached

a duty, or that there is a causal connection between BGD’s acts and the Thompsons’

claimed damages.

      {¶33} After the Thompsons failed to timely identify an expert witness, the trial court

properly found BGD is entitled to summary judgment on the basis that the Thompsons

had no expert testimony to support their position that BGD committed malpractice.

      {¶34} The Thompsons also contend BGD’s motion for summary judgment was

inappropriate and should have been denied because it was filed after BGD failed to

respond to discovery and it was filed before the discovery deadline of August 31, 2018.

However, the Ohio Civil Rules do not contain a prohibition against filing a motion for

summary judgment prior to the discovery deadline and Civil Rule 56(A) provides, “a party
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089                                                14


may move for summary judgment at any time after the expiration of the time permitted

under these rules for a responsive motion or pleading by the adverse party.” Pursuant to

the trial court’s scheduling entry, the trial court set the dispositive motion deadline for

September 14, 2018. BGD filed their motion for summary judgment on August 30, 2018.

Additionally, BGD filed its “Notice of Compliance” on September 4, 2018, by which it

indicated it served BGD’s responses to the Thompsons’ first request for production

regarding BGD’s experts. Additionally, BGD’s motion for summary judgment deals with

the Thompsons’ lack of expert support, rather than raising issues that might be supported

through additional discovery.

      {¶35} The Thompsons’ first assignment of error is overruled.

                                                II.

      {¶36} In their second assignment of error, the Thompsons contend the trial court

erred in denying their motion for sanctions against BGD. The Thompsons argue that they

are entitled to award of sanctions because BGD did not comply with their discovery

requests and unfairly surprised the Thompsons by filing the motion for summary

judgment. The Thompsons contend as sanctions for the discovery violations, the trial

court should have excluded BGD’s expert testimony.

      {¶37} The trial court has discretion to impose sanctions for failure to comply with

discovery orders, and this Court applies the abuse of discretion standard of review in

reviewing the trial court’s decision. Nakoff v. Fairview Gen. Hosp., 75 Ohio St.3d 254,

662 N.E.2d 1 (1996). In order to find an abuse of discretion, we must determine the trial

court’s decision was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable and not merely an error

of law or judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089                                                   15


       {¶38} As detailed above, the Ohio Civil Rules do not recognize a defense of unfair

surprise in relation to a party filing a motion for summary judgment and BGD filed their

motion within the time specified by the trial court in its scheduling order.

       {¶39} Additionally, we find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding the

Thompsons were not denied the information they sought in discovery or in finding that the

information sought by the Thompsons in discovery did not provide a defense to BGD’s

motion for summary judgment.

       {¶40} BGD served responses on the Thompsons on September 4, 2018. BGD

provided information related to the compensation of their experts by providing copies of

invoices to the Thompsons in their discovery responses. BGD identified the facts and

data its experts reviewed and relied upon in providing their expert opinions and BGD

stated it did not provide assumptions to the experts prior to having formed their opinions

in the case. Additionally, we find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the

Thompsons’ motion for sanctions because the trial court reasoned that the Thompsons

failed to comply with local rules and Civil Rule 37 prior to filing a motion for sanctions.

Thus, the Thompsons were not entitled to sanctions.

       {¶41} The Thompsons’ second assignment of error is overruled.

                                                 III.

       {¶42} In their third assignment of error, the Thompsons argue the trial court erred

as to the affidavit of disqualification submitted to the Ohio Supreme Court.

       {¶43} It is well-established that, pursuant to R.C. 2701.03, the Chief Justice of

the Supreme Court of Ohio has exclusive jurisdiction to determine a claim that a common

pleas judge is biased or prejudiced. Jones v. Billingham, 105 Ohio App.3d 8, 663 N.E.2d
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089                                                   16


657 (2nd Dist. 1995). If a common pleas litigant wishes to raise a challenge to a trial court

judge’s objectivity, he or she must utilize the procedure set forth in R.C. 2701.03. State

v. Feagin, 5th Dist. Richland No. 16CA21, 2016-Ohio-7003. The Thompsons did utilize

the procedure set forth in R.C. 2701.03 and filed an affidavit of disqualification with the

Ohio Supreme Court on July 11, 2017. The Chief Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court

denied the affidavit of disqualification on July 31, 2017 and found the case could proceed

before the Delaware County trial court judge.

          {¶44} Disqualification proceedings are not initiated in the court of appeals and are

not subject to review by the court of appeals. Beer v. Griffith, 54 Ohio St.2d 440, 377

N.E.2d 775 (1978).        Thus, an appellate court lacks the authority to pass upon the

disqualification of a common pleas court judge. State v. Ramos, 88 Ohio App.3d 394,

623 N.E.2d 1336 (9th Dist. 1993).

          {¶45} Based on our lack of jurisdiction to consider this issue, the Thompsons’ third

assignment of error is overruled.

                                                  IV.

          {¶46} In their fourth assignment of error, the Thompsons contend the trial court

erred in denying their motion to compel, and in allowing Huntington to intervene in this

action.

          {¶47} This Court may not reverse a trial court’s decision on a motion to compel

discovery absent an abuse of discretion. State ex rel. The V. Cos. v. Marshall, 81 Ohio

St.3d 467, 692 N.E.2d 198 (1998).

          {¶48} We first note that the Thompsons stated that the subpoena issued to

Huntington is for “information regarding bank accounts illegally opened by Michael D.
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089                                                   17


Tarullo, Esq., our attorney and business partner who is a central issue in the litigation.”

However, the malpractice the Thompsons allege in this case is against BGD, not Tarullo.

Tarullo is not a defendant in this case, nor is he an attorney at BGD. Additionally, we find

the trial court did not permit Huntington to “intervene” in this case pursuant to Civil Rules,

but did permit Huntington, as a non-party, to respond to the motion to compel filed by the

Thompsons. We do not find such to be unreasonable, unconscionable, or arbitrary, as

Huntington is entitled to defend itself against a motion to compel.

       {¶49} The subpoena issued by the Thompsons to Huntington requested the

following information: (1) any records or documents pertaining to any bank account on

behalf of Helicon AES, LLC; (2) any records or documents pertaining to any bank account

on behalf of Sun Yield Agdry, LLC; (3) any signature cards related to Helicon or Sun Yield;

(4) all deposit slips or other instruments related to Helicon or Sun Yield; (5) any checks

related to Helicon or Sun Yield; (6) any withdrawals or transfers of funds related to Helicon

or Sun Yield; and (7) any correspondence related to Helicon or Sun Yield. The trial court

found Huntington provided documents to the Thompsons on September 13, 2017 and the

documents provided were the full extent of documents in the bank’s possession relevant

to requests (1) through (6), and that more specific information would be required for

Huntington to be able to search for documents relevant to request (7). The trial court also

found Huntington provided further information to the Thompsons on November 7, 2017.

       {¶50} Upon review of the record, we find the determination by the trial court with

regards to the motion to compel is not unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable.

Huntington met its burden of demonstrating compliance with subpoena requests (1)

through (6). Further, we find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in determining
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089                                                   18


request (7) was overbroad, given that the Thompsons failed to narrow their discovery

requests to issues relevant to this lawsuit, specific people, contact information, and/or

specific date ranges.

       {¶51} The Thompsons’ fourth assignment of error is overruled.

                                                 V.

       {¶52} In their fifth assignment of error, the Thompsons argue the trial court erred

in granting BGD’s motion to change venue.

       {¶53} The decision whether to change venue is within the trial court’s sound

discretion and will not be overturned absent an abuse of discretion. Beem v. Thorp, 5th

Dist. Licking No. 16-CA-97, 2017-Ohio-2967. This Court may not disturb a trial court’s

decision unless we find the decision was unreasonable, unconscionable, or arbitrary.

Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983). We first note that

BGD’s motion to change venue was unopposed, as the Thompsons did not file a brief in

opposition within fourteen days as set forth as the response time in Local Rule 21.

Further, we find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in granting the change of venue,

as the determination that proper venue lies either in Delaware County, where the

malpractice allegedly occurred, or Hamilton County, where BGD has their principal place

of business in Ohio, was not unreasonable, unconscionable, or arbitrary pursuant to Civil

Rule 3(C).

       {¶54} Additionally, while Civil Rule 3(H) provides a right of appeal with regards to

venue, this right of appeal is limited by the first phrase of the rule that provides no

judgment shall be void solely on the ground of improper venue. Jackson v. Friedlander,

5th Dist. Stark No. 2016CA00053, 2016-Ohio-7503. Pursuant to Civil Rule 3(H), if this
Delaware County, Case No. 18 CAE 11 0089                                                19


Court remands this case to the trial court for further proceedings based upon other errors,

this Court could also consider a challenge to venue and, upon remand, sustain a

challenge to venue and transfer the remanded case. Id. Such a scenario would not

violate Civil Rule 3(H), as the final judgment of the Delaware County Common Pleas

Court would not be voided solely on the issue of improper venue. However, in this case,

we overruled the balance of the Thompsons’ assignments of error. Thus, a reversal by

this Court with instructions to transfer the case to the Franklin County Court of Common

Pleas would constitute voiding the trial court’s judgment entry solely on the ground of

improper venue, in violation of Civil Rule 3(H).

       {¶55} The Thompsons’ fifth assignment of error is overruled.

       {¶56} Based on the foregoing, the Thompsons’ assignments of error are overruled

and the judgment entries of the Delaware County Court of Common Pleas are affirmed.

By Gwin, P.J.,

Baldwin, J., and

Wise, Earle, J., concur
