                                                            F I L E D
                                                      United States Court of Appeals
                                                              Tenth Circuit
               UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                 DEC 8 1997
                             TENTH CIRCUIT              PATRICK FISHER
                                                                  Clerk


DWIGHT BURNISON,

     Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

RICHARD MACIAS, County Judge;
GREGORY WALLER, District Judge;
CARMEN S. GREENUP, Assistant
County Counselor; R.D. TAYLOR,
Sedgwick County Detention; C. J.
BRAZIL, Appellate Judge; C. FRED
                                              No. 97-3214
LORENTZ, District Judge; MELODY
                                        (D.C. No. 97-1163-WEB)
MILLER, TOM WINTERS, and BILL
                                               (Kansas)
HANCOCK, Sedgwick County
Commissioners; HUGO SHEA, Sedgwick
County Code Enforcement Officer;
GEARY N. GORUP, Municipal Court
Judge; SERGEANT WILLITS, Sedgwick
County Detention Center; J. KNUDSON,
Appellate Judge; OFFICER BINKLEY,
Badge No. 1736; MARK SCHROEDER,
and BETSY GWINN, Sedgwick County
Commissioners, and DOES 1 to 99,

     Defendants-Appellees.
                           ORDER AND JUDGMENT *


Before SEYMOUR, Chief Judge, PORFILIO and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.


      After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of this

appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The cause is therefore ordered

submitted without oral argument.

      Dwight Alvin Burnison was convicted in state court for failure to obtain a

required business license and fined $100.00. The Kansas Court of Appeals affirmed his

conviction. Sedgwick County v. Burnison, No. 73,477 (Kan. Ct. App., May 31, 1996)

(unpublished). Mr. Burnison subsequently filed the present action against the county

court judge who found him guilty, the state distrcit court judge who found him guilty

after a trial de novo, the members of the panel of the Kansas Court of Appeals who

affirmed his conviction, the code enforcement officer who issued the initial citation, the

prosecutor in charge of the case, two detention deputies employed by the Sedgwick

County Sheriff, and the individual members of the Sedgwick County Board of County

Commissioners, alleging various violations of his constitutional rights in connection

with proceedings surrounding his failure to obtain a building contractor’s license.



      *
        This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of
law of the case, res judicata, or collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the
citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited
under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.

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       Each of the defendants filed motions to dismiss. Mr. Burnison did not respond to

these motions, but rather filed his own motion for summary judgment. Treating Mr.

Burnison’s motion for summary judgment as a response to the defendants’ motions to

dismiss, the district court dismissed the complaint for failure to state a claim upon

which relief could be granted under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). Mr. Burnison contends on

appeal that the district court erroneously dismissed his claims, thereby depriving him of

his Seventh Amendment right to a jury trial. We affirm.

       “We review de novo a district court’s dismissal of a cause of action for failure to

state a claim upon which relief can be granted.” See Chemical Weapons Working

Group, Inc. V. United States Dep’t of the Army, 111 F.3d 1485, 1490 (10th Cir. 1997).

       We uphold a dismissal under Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6) only when it appears
       that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of the claims that
       would entitle him to relief, accepting the well-pleaded allegations of the
       complaint as true and construing them in the light most favorable to the
       plaintiff.




                                            -3-
Yoder v. Honeywell Inc., 104 F.3d 1215, 1224 (10th Cir. 1997) (quoting Fuller v.

Norton, 86 F.3d 1016, 1020 (10th Cir. 1996)).

       Mr. Burnison contends the district court improperly denied his motion for

summary judgment without requiring a response from the defendants pursuant to Fed. R.

Civ. P. 56. We disagree. Although the district court could have dismissed Mr.

Burnison’s complaint based on his failure to respond to the defendants’ motions to

dismiss, the court instead treated his motion for summary judgment as his response and

dismissed the complaint on its merits. Because the complaint was dismissed prior to the

date defendants’ response to the motion for summary judgment was due, they had no

obligation to file a response.

       Moreover, each of the defendants named by Mr. Burnison is immune from suit.

A judge is generally immune for actions “taken in the judge’s official capacity.”

Mireles v. Waco, 502 U.S. 9, 11 (1991) (per curiam). The state judges who adjudicated

Mr. Burnison’s case clearly did so in their judicial capacities. Their immunity can

therefore be overcome only if their actions, “though judicial in nature, [were] taken in

the complete absence of all jurisdiction.” Id. at 12. In this case, the judicial defendants

acted under authority granted by the Kansas state legislature to enforce a municipal

ordinance and were therefore entirely within their jurisdiction. Likewise, a prosecutor

is entitled to absolute immunity from suit where, as here, “his activities are intimately

associated with the judicial phase of a criminal process.” DiCesare v. Stuart, 12 F.3d

973, 977 (10th Cir. 1993).

       Finally, the remainder of the defendants, as executive officers, are entitled to


                                             -4-
qualified immunity unless Mr. Burnison shows that they violated a “clearly established”

law or right. See Lenz v. Dewey, 64 F.3d 547, 550 (10th Cir. 1995). “The plaintiff must

make a particularized showing, demonstrating that the contours of the violated right

were so established that ‘a reasonable official would understand that what he [wa]s

doing violated that right,’ or that the official did not act in good faith.” Id. at 550-51

(quoting Anderson v. Creighton, 482 U.S. 635, 640 (1987)). Since defendant county

officials acted pursuant to a municipal ordinance held to be valid by the Kansas Court

of Appeals, there is no evidence that defendants violated any law, much less one they

knew or should have known to be unconstitutional. Mr. Burnison did not meet his

burden.

       The AFFIRM the district court’s grant of the motion to dismiss.

                                                    ENTERED FOR THE COURT

                                                    Stephanie K. Seymour
                                                    Chief Judge




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