                 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF IDAHO

                                         Docket No. 36139

STATE OF IDAHO,                         )
                                        )
     Respondent,                        )                   Boise, December 2009 Term
                                        )
v.                                      )                   2009 Opinion No. 153
                                        )
BRIAN C. COBLER,                        )                   Filed: December 29, 2009
                                        )
     Defendant-Appellant.               )                   Stephen W. Kenyon, Clerk
_______________________________________ )


       Appeal from the District Court of the Fourth Judicial District of the State of
       Idaho, Ada County. Hon. Michael R. McLaughlin, District Judge.

       Judgment of conviction and sentence affirmed; order denying ICR 35 motion
       affirmed; order denying motion to modify protection order vacated and the case
       remanded.

       Molly J. Huskey, State Appellate Public Defender, Boise, for appellant. Sarah E.
       Tompkins argued.

       Hon. Lawrence G. Wasden, Attorney General, Boise, for respondent. Kenneth K.
       Jorgensen argued.
                               _____________________

J. JONES, Justice.
       Brian C. Cobler appeals from the judgment of conviction and sentence entered upon his
guilty plea to sexual battery of a minor, sixteen or seventeen years of age. He challenges the
sentence, the denial of his Idaho Criminal Rule 35 motion for reduction of the sentence, and the
order denying his motion to modify a no contact order that prohibited contact with any minors.
The order denying the motion to modify the no contact order is vacated and the case is remanded
for further proceedings on that issue.
                                                I.
       In 2006, Brian C. Cobler pleaded guilty to one count of sexual battery of a minor, sixteen
or seventeen years of age, based on charges that Cobler and his wife had maintained a sexual
relationship with a seventeen-year-old girl, J.M. At his initial appearance, the magistrate judge


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entered a no contact order prohibiting Cobler from contacting J.M. and all minors until dismissal
of the case, effectively precluding Cobler from having any contact with his three minor children.
Following his guilty plea, the district court sentenced Cobler to a unified sentence of ten years,
with two years fixed.
       Cobler subsequently filed a pro se Rule 35 motion for reduction of his sentence and a
motion to modify the no contact order to allow him to have contact with his children. Both
motions were denied by the district court. On appeal, Cobler argued that the no contact order
violated his fundamental rights as a parent; that the district court’s denial of his motion to modify
the no contact order violated his due process rights; that the district court abused its discretion in
denying the motion; that Idaho Code section 18-920, Idaho Criminal Rule 46.2, and the specific
terms of the no contact order were unconstitutionally vague and overbroad; and that the district
court abused its discretion by imposing an excessive sentence and by denying his Rule 35
motion. The Idaho Court of Appeals determined that Cobler’s sentence was not excessive, but
determined that the no contact order violated Cobler’s fundamental rights as a parent and
remanded the case for an evidentiary hearing. The State then requested, and we granted, review
of all issues on appeal.
                                    II. The No Contact Order
       While Cobler makes a multi-pronged attack on the order denying his motion to modify
the no contact order, including that the court abused its discretion in denying the motion, we
need only address the abuse of discretion claim. The decision whether to modify a no contact
order is within the sound discretion of the district court. The test for determining whether a
district court abused its discretion is: (1) whether the court correctly perceived that the issue was
one of discretion; (2) whether the court acted within the outer boundaries of its discretion and
consistently with the legal standards applicable to the specific choices available to it; and (3)
whether it reached its decision by an exercise of reason. Sun Valley Shopping Center Inc. v.
Idaho Power Co., 119 Idaho 87, 94, 803 P.2d 993, 1000 (1991).
       The no contact order was entered against Cobler at his initial appearance, prohibiting him
from having contact with J.M. and “all minors.” The order stated that it could “be modified only
by a judge and will expire . . . upon dismissal of this case.” On appeal, Cobler contends that the
no contact order was invalid from the outset, being overly broad. We decline to consider this
issue because Cobler failed to raise it below. It might be observed, however, that the magistrate



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judge cannot be faulted for prohibiting contact with all minors at the outset of this matter. Cobler
was charged with a felony sex offense against a minor. The State requested a no contact order
with the victim or any minor child “until the risk can be assessed.” That was not an unreasonable
request and it was not unreasonable for the magistrate judge to respond with such an order. The
problem arises because the order remained in effect long after there was an opportunity to assess
the risk, in particular the risk that Cobler may or may not pose with regard to having contact with
his children.
       On October 12, 2007, Cobler filed a pro se motion seeking to modify the no contact order
to remove his children from its coverage. On October 25, 2007, the court entered an order styled
“Second Memorandum Decision Re Defendant’s Motion for Reduction of Sentence Pursuant to
I.C.R. 35.” The order apparently dealt with reconsideration of a Rule 35 motion Cobler had
previously submitted in order to obtain a reduction of his sentence, as well as the motion to
modify the no contact order. With regard to the latter motion, the order stated:
       “A No Contact Order was issued regarding Brian Cobler on October 17, 2006,
       that included all minor children. That order was to remain in effect until dismissal
       of the case.

       THEREFORE, the Court will decline to reduce or amend the sentence in this
       case.”

While the district judge mentioned the motion to modify the no contact order, it is not clear from
the October 25 order whether the judge intended to specifically deny the motion. In any event,
the initial motion to modify the no contact order appears to have been denied by the court on
December 12, 2007, as indicated by a notation written by the district judge on the face of the
motion on that date. On that same date, the district judge also denied a pro se motion Cobler had
filed on November 23, seeking reconsideration. The denial was indicated by a notation written
by the district judge on the face of the motion on December 12.
       Nothing in the court orders pertaining to Cobler’s motions to modify or reconsider the no
contact order indicates the grounds upon which the district court denied the motions other than
the observation that the order was to remain in effect until dismissal of the case. Such
observation does not provide legal grounds for denial of the motion to modify. Indeed, the
observation overlooks the fact that Idaho Criminal Rule 46.2 requires an expiration date on all no
contact orders. While the district court did not have the benefit of our decision in State v. Castro,



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145 Idaho 173, 177 P.3d 38 (2008), at the time the motion was denied, in that case we
disapproved of no contact orders with “eternal existence” and indicated that all no contact orders
issued after July 1, 2004, should have termination dates, regardless of whether a motion to
modify or terminate the no contact order is granted. Id. at 175-76, 177 P.3d at 389-90. The
district court should have observed that, without a termination date, the no contact order would,
unless modified, have perpetual existence because, based upon the disposition of the case, it
would never be dismissed.1
         Thus, the district court abused its discretion in basing the denial of the order on the
apparent ground that the order was to remain in effect until the dismissal of the case. The court
neither acted consistently with the legal standards applicable to the specific choices available to
it nor did it reach its decision by an exercise of reason. Thus, we vacate the order or orders
denying the motion to modify the no contact order and remand for further proceedings relative to
that issue. Based on this disposition, we need not reach the other grounds upon which Cobler
challenges the no contact order or the denial of his motion to modify the same.
                                            III. Cobler’s Sentence

         Cobler argues that the district court abused its discretion by imposing a sentence of ten
years, with two years fixed, and by denying his Rule 35 motion, because he claims he is no
longer a threat to society and because he believes his crime was influenced by neglect he
suffered as a child. However, Cobler’s claims are without merit. This Court reviews a
defendant’s sentence under an abuse of discretion standard. State v. Stevens, 146 Idaho 139, 148,
191 P.3d 217, 226 (2008). A defendant must show that a sentence within the statutory limits is a
clear abuse of discretion. Id. “In examining the reasonableness of a sentence, the Court conducts
an independent review of the entire record available to the trial court at sentencing, focusing on
the objectives of criminal punishment: (1) protection of society; (2) deterrence of the individual
and the public; (3) possibility of rehabilitation; and (4) punishment or retribution for
wrongdoing.” Id. To be reasonable, a term of confinement must be tailored to the purpose for

1
  The problem in this case may have arisen by virtue of the form utilized by the magistrate court when the no contact
order was entered. The form states:
         THIS ORDER CAN BE MODIFIED ONLY BY A JUDGE AND WILL EXPIRE:
                  ⁫ at 11:59 p.m. on ____________________ or ⁫ upon dismissal of this case.
The form seems to give the judge one of two choices. However, in order to comply with the intent of I.C.R. 46.2, the
judge should be given no right of selection between the two apparent choices. The second line of the form should
contain no boxes and should read “at 11:59 p.m. on _____________, or upon dismissal of this case, whichever first
occurs.


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which the sentence is imposed. Id. “In deference to the trial judge, this Court will not substitute
its view of a reasonable sentence where reasonable minds might differ. To show an abuse of
discretion, the defendant must show that the sentence, in light of the governing criteria, is
excessive under any reasonable view of the facts.” Id. at 148–49, 191 P.3d at 226–27.
       The district court did not abuse its discretion by sentencing Cobler to ten years with two
years fixed. The district court explained the reasons it believed Cobler’s sentence was necessary.
It analyzed the nature of Cobler’s crime, noting that Cobler took advantage of a “vulnerable
underage woman.” It also noted that the minor will likely suffer significantly in the future from
Cobler’s actions. The court recognized the age difference between the defendant (thirty-seven)
and the minor (seventeen), and commented on Cobler’s prior sexual relationships with underage
women. It recognized that Cobler was a moderate risk of reoffending, that he had a propensity
towards impulsive behaviors, and that he did not take responsibility for his actions. The court
considered mitigating circumstances argued by Cobler, and came to the conclusion that a ten
year sentence, with two years fixed, was appropriate. The district court’s sentence was
reasonable under the facts of the case. Therefore, this Court finds that the district court did not
abuse its discretion in imposing Cobler’s sentence.
       Additionally, the district court did not abuse its discretion by denying Cobler’s Rule 35
motion. A district court’s denial of a Rule 35 motion is subject to abuse of discretion review.
State v. Knighton, 143 Idaho 318, 319, 144 P.3d 23, 24 (2006). “If the sentence was not
excessive when pronounced, the defendant must later show that it is excessive in view of new or
additional information presented with the motion for reduction.” Id. at 320, 144 P.3d at 25.
Cobler claims he has new evidence in the form of honest remorse and good behavior while in
prison. However, at the sentencing hearing, Cobler expressed remorse for his crime; the district
court simply did not find it to be sincere. This is a credibility determination within the province
of the district court, and Cobler has presented no new information to show that the court abused
its discretion. Furthermore, prison behavior is not the type of new or additional information that
will support a Rule 35 motion, as it could not serve as an underlying basis for Cobler’s sentence.
Therefore, the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Cobler’s Rule 35 motion.
                                               IV.
       We affirm the judgment of conviction and sentence, as well as the district court’s denial
of Cobler’s Rule 35 motion. Because the district court abused its discretion in denying Cobler’s



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motion to modify the no contact order, we vacate the district court’s denial of that motion and
remand the case for proceedings consistent with this opinion.2


        Chief Justice EISMANN, and Justices BURDICK, W. JONES and HORTON CONCUR.




2
  In his motion to modify the no contact order, Cobler noted that the Idaho Department of Health & Welfare had
instituted proceedings to terminate his parental relationship with his children. Mention of termination proceedings
was made in the briefing and at oral argument, but counsel for neither party was aware of the disposition, if any, of
such proceedings. This is a matter that should be examined upon remand in order to determine whether the issue of
modification of the no contact order remains viable or whether it is moot.


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