                   IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                  No. 13-1592
                             Filed October 1, 2014


IN RE THE MARRIAGE OF JOHN M. STEPANEK
AND JACQUELINE STEPANEK

Upon the Petition of
JOHN M. STEPANEK,
      Petitioner-Appellant/Cross-Appellee,

And Concerning
JACQUELINE STEPANEK,
     Respondent-Appellee/Cross-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________


      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Carla T. Schemmel,

Judge.



      A husband appeals, and a wife cross-appeals, the spousal support

provisions of a dissolution decree. AFFIRMED AS MODIFIED ON APPEAL;

AFFIRMED ON CROSS-APPEAL.



      Andrew B. Howie of Hudson, Mallaney, Shindler & Anderson P.C., West

Des Moines, for appellant.

      Becky S. Knutson of Davis, Brown, Koehn, Shors & Roberts, P.C., Des

Moines, for appellee.



      Heard by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Doyle and McDonald, JJ.
                                         2


DOYLE, J.

       John Stepanek appeals, and Jacqueline Stepanek cross-appeals, the

spousal support provisions of the decree dissolving their marriage. We affirm as

modified on appeal, and affirm on cross-appeal.

I.     Background Facts and Proceedings

       John and Jacqueline married in 1988 and divorced in 2013. They have

one adult child.

       At the time of trial, John was fifty years old. He received some college

education, and has had specialized training for his employment over the years.

At the beginning of the marriage, John worked for a funeral home in Cedar

Rapids. After a few years, John began selling prepaid funeral services. John

then worked for Homesteader’s Life Insurance Company in Des Moines, where

he eventually became the vice president of sales.            For several years at

Homesteader’s, John was making more than $250,000 per year.                In 2009,

Homesteader’s terminated John. He had a severance package and was subject

to non-compete restrictions for a period of one year. John started a consulting

service but did not see the same success he had at Homesteader’s. In 2011,

John began working as the vice president of operations for Baue Funeral Homes

in St. Charles, Missouri. He earns $110,000 per year, plus bonuses, with a two-

percent annual cost of living increase. In 2012, John earned $156,962, but gave

part of his bonus ($14,668) “back to the company” because the company paid his

apartment rent and allowed him to use a company vehicle.1


1
 In 2012, the company paid “probably $15,000, $20,000” for John’s rent; no amount was
provided for the value of John’s use of the company vehicle.
                                         3


      At the time of trial, Jacqueline was fifty-one years old. She earned a

degree from Iowa State University in family services in 1985, but has never been

employed in that field of study. At the beginning of the marriage, Jacqueline

worked as a flight attendant for TWA for several years. Over the years, she

worked in various customer service and retail capacities, either part-time or full-

time, when the parties moved to different cities for John’s employment. She also

cared for the parties’ daughter. In 2007, Jacqueline began working for Helzberg

Diamonds. At the time of trial, she worked thirty-two to thirty-eight hours per

week, which was considered full-time, and earned thirteen dollars per hour, plus

commission.    Jacqueline expressed interest in completing a two-year college

program in the field of health information technology to allow her to pursue office

employment in the medical field, which she believed would be better paying and

have better hours than her current employment.

      John moved to Missouri when he began working for Baue Funeral Homes

in 2011. Jacqueline stayed in Ankeny and put the marital house on the market.

At that time, the parties planned for Jacqueline to join John in Missouri

eventually. After the house sold, Jacqueline began staying with a friend in Clive.

Meanwhile, in October 2012, John filed a petition for dissolution of marriage.

      The district court entered a decree dissolving the parties’ marriage in

September 2013. Relevant to this appeal, the court divided the parties’ marital

property, ordered John to pay spousal support to Jacqueline ($3000 per month

for five years and $1500 per month thereafter until John reaches age sixty-six

and a half), and ordered John to pay $5000 of Jacqueline’s attorney fees.
                                         4


       John appeals, and Jacqueline cross-appeals. Although the parties agree

Jacqueline should receive spousal support, they challenge the district court’s

order in regard to the amount and duration of such support.

II.    Standard of Review

       We review this equity action involving the dissolution of a marriage de

novo. In re Marriage of McDermott, 827 N.W.2d 671, 676 (Iowa 2013); Iowa R.

App. P. 6.907. Accordingly, we examine the entire record and decide anew the

legal and factual issues properly presented and preserved for our review.

McDermott, 827 N.W.2d at 676. We give weight to the findings of the district

court, particularly concerning the credibility of witnesses; however, those findings

are not binding upon us. Id.; see also Iowa R. App. P. 6.904(3)(g). Only when

there has been a failure to do equity will we disturb the district court’s ruling.

McDermott, 827 N.W.2d at 676.

III.   Spousal Support

       On appeal, John challenges the district court’s award of spousal support

to Jacqueline, claiming it is inequitable under the circumstances of this case.

John takes issue with the amount of support ordered and claims it should be

lower “in amount and duration.”      On cross-appeal, Jacqueline contends her

spousal support should not end when John turns sixty-six and a half, and she

should have been awarded “permanent or lifetime” spousal support.

       Spousal support is not an absolute right—it depends upon the

circumstances of a particular case. In re Marriage of Schenkelberg, 824 N.W.2d

481, 486 (Iowa 2012).      “[P]rior cases are of little value in determining the

appropriate alimony award.” In re Marriage of Becker, 756 N.W.2d 822, 825
                                            5


(Iowa 2008). The amount of spousal support is to be calculated equitably based

upon all the factors contained in Iowa Code section 598.21A(1) (2013). 2              A

district court has considerable latitude when making an award of spousal

support. Schenkelberg, 824 N.W.2d at 486. We will disturb the court’s ruling

only when there has been a failure to do equity. Id. Such deference is decidedly

in the public interest. In re Marriage of Benson, 545 N.W.2d 252, 257 (Iowa

1996).     “When appellate courts unduly refine these important, but often

conjectural, judgment calls, they thereby foster appeals in hosts of cases, at

staggering expense to the parties wholly disproportionate to any benefit they

might hope to realize.” Id.

         Here, the district court noted the factors under section 598.21A of

particular importance in this case include “the length of the parties’ marriage, the


2
  These include:
       a. The length of the marriage.
       b. The age and physical and emotional health of the parties.
       c. The distribution of property made pursuant to section 598.21.
       d. The educational level of each party at the time of marriage and at the
       time the action is commenced.
       e. The earning capacity of the party seeking maintenance, including
       educational background, training, employment skills, work experience,
       length of absence from the job market, responsibilities for children under
       either an award of custody or physical care, and the time and expense
       necessary to acquire sufficient education or training to enable the party to
       find appropriate employment.
       f. The feasibility of the party seeking maintenance becoming self-
       supporting at a standard of living reasonably comparable to that enjoyed
       during the marriage, and the length of time necessary to achieve this
       goal.
       g. The tax consequences to each party.
       h. Any mutual agreement made by the parties concerning financial or
       service contributions by one party with the expectation of future
       reciprocation or compensation by the other party.
       i. The provisions of an antenuptial agreement.
       j. Other factors the court may determine to be relevant in an individual
       case.
Iowa Code § 598.21A.
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disparity in income, Jacqueline’s need for support to become self-supporting and

obtain education to enable her to pursue a career, and John’s superior income

and earning capability.” John states the court’s spousal support award “rings of

traditional alimony but implies rehabilitative alimony.” Under the circumstances

of this case, we find the duration of the spousal support ordered to be equitable,

but we find the support amount for the first five years to be inequitable.

       With the appropriate deductions for Jacqueline’s overestimation of some

of her expenses,3 we believe $2300 per month in support for five years will allow

Jacqueline to meet her expenses and enjoy a standard of living closer to what

she enjoyed during the marriage. This amount of support would allow Jacqueline

to receive training to further her career, which she expressed she could do while

continuing to work full-time in the evenings and on the weekends.4 By the time

Jacqueline’s spousal support amount decreases to $1500 per month (an amount

which we believe is equitable for the remaining duration of the award),

Jacqueline will likely have established a higher earning capacity, more work

history, and an ability to be more self-supporting.                Considering his age,

experience, and relevant employment skills, John has the ability to pay $2300

per month now and $1500 per month in five years without hardship, and this will

be particularly so when the Lake Delhi property sells. 5


3
  Jacqueline submitted a financial affidavit listing her monthly expenses. At trial, she
acknowledged many of the expenses were actually paid by John, and some were listed
incorrectly. In considering Jacqueline’s expenses under Exhibit A, we have deducted
the duplicative cable and internet expense, the payments associated with the property at
Lake Delhi, and the Mass Mutual and Thrivent payments.
4
  Full-time employment would make Jacqueline eligible to purchase health and dental
insurance through her employer.
5
  At the time of trial, the parties’ property at Lake Delhi was for sale. Until its sale, John
made the payments associated with that property of approximately $1400 per month.
                                        7


      We therefore modify the support amount for the first five years to $2300

per month.    Finding it appropriate and equitable considering the facts and

circumstances of this case, we affirm the remaining portion of the district court’s

award of spousal support.

      John also challenges the provision in the decree requiring him to “maintain

an existing life insurance policy or policies in an amount of $100,000 or the

monthly amount payable [on his support obligation] until he reaches the age of

66 and 1/2, whichever is less.”      John acknowledges the district court has

authority to order him to maintain life insurance to secure his support obligation.

See Stackhouse v. Russell, 447 N.W.2d 124, 125 (Iowa 1989) (“A provision in a

dissolution of marriage decree to maintain life insurance is enforceable.”).

However, John claims “the insurance requirement in this case is unjustified”

because the policy costs an additional $133 per month to maintain.

      John points to the unpublished opinion In re Marriage of Weber, No. 98-

1688, 2000 WL 278535, at *10 (Iowa Ct. App. Mar. 15, 2000), in which this court

struck a provision requiring the husband to maintain life insurance because the

wife did not present evidence demonstrating the need for such a requirement or

evidence to show that the cost to maintain such a policy would not be “unduly

burdensome” when compared to the policy’s benefits. We find the present case

factually different from the unpublished opinion in Weber because Jacqueline

requested the security of a life insurance policy and demonstrated a need to

have John provide alimony funds in the event of his death before expiration of

the alimony award. In addition, Jacqueline presented evidence of the cost to

maintain such a policy, which the district court reasonably could have found was
                                           8

not unduly burdensome to John. See In re Marriage of Casten, No. 11-0796,

2012 WL 1860358, at *9 (Iowa Ct. App. May 23, 2012) (affirming life insurance

requirement to secure spousal support obligation where the record contained

“substantially more information than the record in Weber regarding evidence of

insurability, costs, and reason for imposing the requirement”). We affirm the

requirement of life insurance to secure spousal support.

IV.      Trial Attorney Fees

         John challenges the district court’s award of trial attorney fees to

Jacqueline. He claims Jacqueline was awarded—via the property distribution—

sufficient assets from which to pay her own attorney fees. John requests this

court “substantially lower, if not vacate” the award of attorney fees to Jacqueline.

         An award of trial attorney fees rests in the sound discretion of the district

court and should not be disturbed on appeal in the absence of an abuse of

discretion.    In re Marriage of Romanelli, 570 N.W.2d 761, 765 (Iowa 1997).

Whether attorney fees should be awarded depends on the parties’ respective

abilities to pay, see In re Marriage of Sullins, 715 N.W.2d 242, 255 (Iowa 2006),

and fees awarded must be fair and reasonable, see In re Marriage of Guyer, 522

N.W.2d 818, 822 (Iowa 1994). Considering the disparity in the parties’ earning

capacities and abilities to pay, we find the court exercised its discretion in

ordering John to pay $5000 toward Jacqueline’s attorney fees. We affirm on this

issue.

V.       Appellate Attorney Fees

         Jacqueline seeks an award of appellate attorney fees. Such an award is

discretionary.    In re Marriage of Berning, 745 N.W.2d 90, 94 (Iowa Ct. App.
                                        9


2007). Although Jacqueline’s income and ability to pay attorney fees is lower

than John’s, John was successful on appeal. We decline Jacqueline’s request to

order John to pay toward her appellate attorney fees.

      Costs of appeal are assessed equally between the parties.

      AFFIRMED AS MODIFIED ON APPEAL; AFFIRMED ON CROSS-

APPEAL.
