J-S63004-15

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P 65.37

JOAN LICHTMAN,                             :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                           :        PENNSYLVANIA
                    Appellant              :
                                           :
            v.                             :
                                           :
ROBERT       WALTON,    KENNETH            :
VENNERA,     THOMAS    HEIMBACH,           :
ROBERT KRANDEL, DAVID STECKEL,             :
RICHARD STEVENS, PAUL BARTLE,              :
RONALD BLUESTEIN, JENNY BROWN,             :
CHRISTOPHER     CURCI,    EMMETT           :
FITZPATRICK,   MATT  FOLEY   AND           :
RICHARD GREENSTEIN,                        :
                                           :
                    Appellees              :   No. 438 EDA 2015

                       Appeal from the Order January 7, 2015,
                   Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County,
                 Civil Division at No. September Term, 2014 0304

BEFORE: DONOHUE, MUNDY and MUSMANNO, JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY DONOHUE, J.:                        FILED NOVEMBER 12, 2015

      Appellant, Joan Lichtman (“Lichtman”), appeals pro se from the order

entered on January 7, 2015 by the Philadelphia County Court of Common

Pleas, dismissing her complaint against Robert Walton, Kenneth Vennera,

Thomas Heimbach, Robert Krandel, David Steckel, Richard Stevens, Paul

Bartle,   Ronald    Bluestein,   Jenny   Brown,   Christopher   Curci,   Emmett

Fitzpatrick, Matt Foley, and Richard Greenstein (collectively, “Appellees”).

For the reasons set forth herein, we affirm.

      A summary of the facts and procedural history of this case is as

follows. In 1996, Lichtman applied to work as a Certified Public Accountant
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at Zelenkofske Axelrod & Co., Ltd. (“ZA”).       After ZA failed to hire her,

Lichtman filed a pro se action in the Philadelphia County Court of Common

Pleas against ZA under the Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. §§

12101-12213, claiming that she was not hired due to her arthritis.          ZA

removed the case to federal court. Following a jury trial, the jury issued a

verdict in favor of ZA. In September 1999, the federal trial court entered

judgment against Lichtman. Lichtman filed several petitions and appeals to

no avail.

      In 2001, Attorney Walter H. Flamm, Jr. (“Attorney Flamm”), an

attorney at the law firm of Flamm, Boroff & Bacine, P.C. (“FBB”), filed a

petition in federal court seeking to compel Lichtman to pay attorney’s fees

and costs stemming from FBB’s representation of ZA. The federal trial court

granted Attorney Flamm’s petition and entered judgment in the amount of

$41,879.12 against Lichtman.        Thereafter, Attorney Flamm successfully

transferred the judgment to the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas

(hereinafter, the “trial court”).

      FBB continued to attempt to collect on the judgment, and in 2003,

filed several writs of execution against Lichtman. During this time, the trial

court discovered that ZA ceased to exist in June 1997 after undergoing

corporate reorganization. The trial court directed FBB to file within twenty

days a certification that identified the correct party to prosecute the matter.

FBB filed an untimely response indicating that ZA was a withdrawn



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incorporated business and failed to identify a proper successor in interest.

As a result, the trial court vacated all writs of execution against Lichtman.

      In   February   2006,   FBB   unsuccessfully   motioned    to   voluntarily

substitute itself as a party defendant in the underlying action and the trial

court vacated the 2001 judgment against Lichtman. A panel of this Court

affirmed, finding no valid assignment from ZA to FBB, and thus, on July 1,

2009, the trial court ordered that ZA and FBB return to Lichtman all money

that had been collected on the judgment.

      Lichtman filed several petitions and appeals in an attempt to recoup

the money from ZA and FBB. Lichtman also sent several harassing emails to

the trial court. On March 20, 2013, the Honorable Gary S. Glazer (“Judge

Glazer”) of the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas entered an order

precluding any future filings in the matter by Lichtman. Judge Glazer found

that Lichtman had pursued the litigation in bad faith and in so doing, had

abused the judicial process. Lichtman filed an appeal to this Court, wherein

a panel of this Court found all of Lichtman’s issues on appeal waived and

affirmed Judge Glazer’s order.

      On September 2, 2014, Lichtman filed a pro se praecipe for writ of

summons against Appellees, thirteen attorneys at the law firm of Flamm

Walton Heimbach & Lamm, P.C. (“Flamm Walton”), the successor in interest

to FBB. On November 17, 2014, Appellees filed against Lichtman a praecipe

for rule to file complaint within twenty days. Lichtman complied and filed a



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complaint on December 8, 2014.       In her complaint, Lichtman sought the

return of “improperly seized moneys, assets, and property, with damages, …

sanctions, and relevant/derivative legal proceedings, which may include

prosecution, disbarment, and incarceration, to the fullest extent allowed by

law.” Lichtman’s Complaint, 12/8/14, at 1. Lichtman alleged that Attorney

Flamm, who is not a named party to the action, suborned perjury,

committed fraud by fabricating a bill for legal fees that he presented to the

court, and fraudulently obtained a judgment against Lichtman during the

course of his representation of ZA in the underlying proceedings. Id. at 2-9.

Lichtman further alleged that Appellees had knowledge of Attorney Flamm’s

criminal acts since they worked at the same firm, and that they had a duty

to report Attorney Flamm’s criminal activity. Id.

      On December 10, 2014, Appellees filed preliminary objections and a

motion to dismiss the action pursuant to Rule 233.1 of the Pennsylvania

Rules of Civil Procedure.    On January 7, 2015, the Honorable Mark I.

Bernstein (“Judge Bernstein”) sustained Appellees’ preliminary objections

and dismissed the action pursuant to Rule 233.1. Lichtman filed a motion

for reconsideration on January 17, 2015, which Judge Bernstein denied on

May 15, 2015. In the interim, on February 2, 2015, Lichtman filed a timely

notice of appeal raising the following questions for our review:

            I. Did the trial court abuse its discretion and/or
            make an error of law, when interfering in the
            administration   of   justice   through    directly



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            contradictory orders, which locked an adjudicated
            pauper out of the courts and denied due process?

            II. Did the trial court abuse [its] discretion; act in
            the absence of jurisdiction; act outside the scope of
            judicial authority; aid, abet, or commit crimes
            against [Lichtman]; retaliate against [Lichtman]; act
            with bias, malice, ill-will; violate the Rules of
            Professional Conduct and/or the Canons of Judicial
            Conduct; manipulate judicial machinery; interfere in
            the administration of justice; alter the outcome of a
            case; and/or endanger the welfare and survival of an
            innocent, unrepresented, adjudicated pauper, when
            suddenly issuing four dismissals with prejudice in
            four separate cases, all on the same day, when[] all
            the cases had been languishing for months in the
            court, waiting for overdue judicial decisions on
            [Lichtman]’s pauper petitions, so that original
            process could be served?

Lichtman’s Brief at 1.

      Our standard of review of an order sustaining preliminary objections is

de novo and our scope of review is plenary. Trexler v. McDonalds Corp.,

118 A.3d 408, 412 (Pa. Super. 2015). Thus, “[w]e must determine whether

the trial court committed an error of law.” Id.

      For her first issue on appeal, Lichtman asserts that Judge Bernstein

abused his discretion by dismissing the action and denying Lichtman her

basic constitutional right of access to the courts. Lichtman’s Brief at 6-7, 13.

Lichtman contends that the federal court lacked jurisdiction when it entered

judgment against her in 2001 because the judgment was based upon

Attorney Flamm’s fabricated legal fee petition, as Attorney Flamm knew ZA

ceased to exist and he therefore did not have a client at the time he filed his



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petition. Id. at 9. Lichtman assails all subsequent decisions made by the

Pennsylvania courts, claiming that they were erroneously entered based on

the fraudulently obtained judgment. Id. at 10.

      Lichtman further challenges Judge Bernstein’s dismissal of the action

based on FBB’s noncompliance with Judge Glazer’s order to return all money

to Lichtman.   Id. at 11.   Lichtman argues that she has not received any

money despite Judge Glazer’s order and has since been locked out of court

by Judge Glazer, who refuses to enforce his own order.        Id.   As a result,

Lichtman asserts that Judge Bernstein’s dismissal of her action “aided and

abetted the commission of crimes” that were committed in the prior

proceedings by Attorney Flamm. Id. at 12-13.

      Upon review, we conclude that we need not address the merits of

Lichtman’s claims in this instance because she failed to develop an argument

in support of her claims in accordance with Rule 2119 of the Pennsylvania

Rules of Appellate Procedure. Rule 2119(a) provides that “[t]he argument

shall be divided into as many parts as there are questions to be argued; and

shall have at the head of each part-in distinctive type or in type distinctively

displayed—the particular point treated therein, followed by such discussion

and citation of authorities as are deemed pertinent.”       Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a).

“Citations of authorities must set forth the principle for which they are

cited.”   Pa.R.A.P. 2119(b). “Appellate arguments which fail to adhere to

these rules may be considered waived, and arguments which are not



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appropriately   developed      are   waived.   Arguments       not   appropriately

developed include those where the party has failed to cite any authority in

support of a contention.” Coulter v. Ramsden, 94 A.3d 1080, 1088 (Pa.

Super. 2014) (quoting Lackner v. Glosser, 892 A.2d 21, 29-30 (Pa. Super.

2006)).

      In support of the first issue raised on appeal, Lichtman fails to present

any legal argument, citation to authority, or analysis relevant to her claims

regarding the alleged lack of jurisdiction in the underlying proceedings or the

trial court’s abuse of discretion in dismissing the action pursuant to Rule

233.1. Instead, Lichtman solely focuses the argument portion of her brief

on bald allegations that Attorney Flamm committed criminal acts of perjury

and complains that the trial court engaged in corruption in the underlying

proceedings. Lichtman’s failure to develop an argument and cite to relevant

authority precludes meaningful review by this Court.

      Moreover, to the extent Lichtman raises any arguments, they

constitute untimely attempts to appeal decisions previously rendered by the

courts in the underlying matter. These issues are not presently before this

Court as these issues were already appealed and decided, and thus, “we are

obligated to    follow   the   law   as articulated by   the    previous panel.”

Commonwealth v. Pepe, 897               A.2d 463, 466     (Pa. Super. 2006).

Furthermore, any issues that were not raised in prior appeals are waived, as

appeals must be taken within thirty days of a final order.           See Pa.R.A.P.



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903(a).   As a result, we conclude that Lichtman waived her first issue for

appeal, and is not entitled to relief.

      For her second issue on appeal, Lichtman asserts that the trial court

improperly   relied   upon    Rule   233.1(a)   in   dismissing   her   complaint.

Lichtman’s Brief at 19.      This Court has previously held that “Rule 233.1

makes clear that the power to bar frivolous litigation at the trial court level

rests with the trial court.” Bolick v. Commonwealth, 69 A.3d 1267, 1270

(Pa. Super. 2013). Rule 233.1 provides as follows:

             (a) Upon the commencement of any action filed by a
             pro se plaintiff in the court of common pleas, a
             defendant may file a motion to dismiss the action on
             the basis that

              (1) the pro se plaintiff is alleging the same or
              related claims which the pro se plaintiff raised in a
              prior action against the same or related
              defendants, and

              (2) these claims have already been resolved
              pursuant to a written settlement agreement or a
              court proceeding.

             (b) The court may stay the action while the motion is
             pending.

             (c) Upon granting the motion and dismissing the
             action, the court may bar the pro se plaintiff from
             pursuing additional pro se litigation against the same
             or related defendants raising the same or related
             claims without leave of court.

             (d) The court may sua sponte dismiss an action that
             is filed in violation of a court order entered under
             subdivision (c).




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            (e) The provisions of this rule do not apply to actions
            under the rules of civil procedure governing family
            law actions.

Pa.R.C.P. 233.1 (italicization omitted).

      By way of explanation, our Supreme Court offered the following

comment to Rule 233.1:

            It has come to the attention of the Supreme Court
            that certain litigants are abusing the legal system by
            repeatedly filing new litigation raising the same
            claims against the same defendant even though the
            claims have been previously adjudicated either
            through settlement or through court proceedings.
            New Rule 233.1 provides relief to a defendant who
            has been subjected to this type of repetitive
            litigation. While attorneys are subject to the rules of
            disciplinary procedure, no analogous rule exists to
            curb this type of abuse when done by a pro se party.

            Upon the filing of an action by a pro se plaintiff, a
            defendant may file a motion to dismiss a pending
            action provided that (1) the pro se plaintiff is alleging
            the same or related claims against the same or
            related defendants, and (2) the claims have already
            been resolved pursuant to a settlement agreement
            or a court proceeding. The new rule also gives the
            trial court discretion to bar the pro se litigant from
            filing further litigation against the same or related
            defendants raising the same or related claims
            without leave of court.

Pa.R.C.P. 233.1, Explanatory Comment (2010) (italicization omitted).

      In this case, Judge Bernstein dismissed Lichtman’s complaint pursuant

to Rule 233.1(a)(1), stating,

               [Lichtman][] raised the same claims in a prior
            action Lichtman v. Zelenkofske Axelrod & Co.
            Ltd., June Term 2003-1092. The claims raised in



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            this present matter are against the same or related
            defendants as those raised in Lichtman v.
            Zelenkofske Axelrod & Co. Ltd. In [that case] the
            Honorable Gary Glazer entered an order stating[,]
            “There is no question that this litigation, commenced
            by Joan Lichtman, is being continued in bad faith and
            constitutes a blatant abuse of the judicial process.”
            Judge Glazer directed the Prothonotary to not accept
            any further pleadings from Joan Lichtman in the case
            under any circumstances. The case was dismissed
            pursuant to Judge Glazer’s [o]rder. Judge Glazer’s
            [o]rder was affirmed by the Superior Court.

Trial Court Opinion, 6/17/15, at 1-2.

      Lichtman asserts that the trial court erred because “[t]he grounds for

[her] current case are clearly, and necessarily, different from the issues

which [Attorney] Flamm raised in the prior case[.]” Lichtman’s Brief at 20.

She further contends that “Judge Glazer’s words could not possibly have had

any merit, years after the fact, and to wholly unrelated issues/cases with

different litigants and different subject matter.” Id. at 14. We disagree.

      This Court has previously stated:

            Rule 233.1 does not require the highly technical
            prerequisites of res judicata or collateral estoppel to
            allow the trial court to conclude that a pro se
            litigant’s claims are adequately related to those
            addressed in prior litigation. Nor does it require an
            identity of parties or the capacities in which they
            sued or were sued. Rather, it requires a rational
            relationship evident in the claims made and in the
            defendant’s relationships with one another to inform
            the trial court’s conclusion that the bar the Rule
            announces is justly applied.




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Gray v. Buonopane, 53 A.3d 829, 838 (Pa. Super. 2012) (italicization

omitted).

      In this case, Lichtman initiated suit against thirteen attorneys at

Attorney Flamm’s law firm. Lichtman’s complaint against Appellees pertains

solely to Attorney Flamm’s actions in the underlying collection action,

claiming that “[b]y remaining silent, each partner and associate of Flamm

Walton becomes a willing co-conspirator of [Attorney] Flamm[.]” Lichtman’s

Brief at 22. Moreover, Lichtman’s brief is replete with arguments regarding

errors committed by the courts in the underlying proceedings. Thus, based

upon the record before us, we conclude that Judge Bernstein appropriately

extended Judge Glazer’s order to the instant complaint. Accordingly, we are

unable to discern of any abuse of discretion by the trial court.

      Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 11/12/2015




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