Reversed and Remanded and Memorandum Opinion filed January 17, 2013.




                                    In The

                   Fourteenth Court of Appeals
                            ___________________

                             NO. 14-11-00921-CV
                            ___________________

                        SHELLI FLORES, Appellant

                                      V.

                     RICHARD THOLSTRUP, Appellee


               On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 3
                           Harris County, Texas
                      Trial Court Cause No. 919558


                     MEMORANDUM OPINION

      Appellant, Shelli Flores (“Flores”), appeals a summary judgment granted in
favor of appellee, Richard Tholstrup (“Tholstrup”). We reverse and remand.
                                 BACKGROUND

      By this suit, Flores alleges that Tholstrup, an attorney, breached fiduciary
duties and committed malpractice in his representation of her in connection with
matters involved in a separate lawsuit. The separate lawsuit arose from a bounced
check written on a corporate bank account and allegedly signed by Flores. Flores
and the corporation were sued by the holder of the bounced check and judgment was
entered against the corporation, and against Flores individually. In the present
case, Flores sued Tholstrup for breach of fiduciary duty, alleging:

      Tholstrup breached his fiduciary duty to Flores by failing to advise Flores that
      she could be personally liable on any checks written on a business bank
      account if she did not disclose her representative capacity, for accepting
      service on her behalf without authorization, failing to notify Flores that she
      had been sued and he had accepted service on her behalf, failing to keep
      Flores notified of the significant developments in the case against her, by not
      allowing her to participate in her defense, by providing an inadequate defense,
      by not withdrawing when he knew a conflict of interest existed, by not
      advising Flores that a trial had taken place and a judgment had been rendered
      against her or the consequences of such a judgment being rendered against
      her, and by breaching attorney-client confidentiality.

      Tholstrup’s breach of his fiduciary duty injured Shelli Flores. Such breach
      of duty resulted in a judgment against Shelli Flores and damaged her credit
      and reputation.

Flores additionally sued Tholstrup for legal malpractice, alleging:

      Tholstrup’s actions and/or omissions in representing Flores in the Perma
      Enterprises, Inc. vs. Aldine Healthcare lawsuit constitute malpractice.
      Tholstrup prepared a banking resolution for Aldine Healthcare, Inc., naming
      Flores as the authorized signatory for the Aldine Healthcare, Inc., bank
      account. He failed to advise Flores that if she did not sign in a representative
      capacity, she could be personally liable for checks written on the Aldine

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      Healtcare, Inc., bank account. A lawsuit was filed by Perma Enterprises
      d/b/a DJ Food Stores against Flores and Aldine Healthcare. Tholstrup, who
      had incorporated Aldine Healthcare, received service of the lawsuit, as
      registered agent for Aldine Healthcare, Inc. Tholstrup appeared as attorney
      for Aldine Healthcare, Inc. and accepted service of process on behalf of Flores
      in the lawsuit of Perma Enterpises, Inc. vs. Aldine Healthcare. Tholstrup
      undertook representing Flores in the Perma Enterprises lawsuit but never
      advised Flores that the lawsuit had named her personally and that he was
      representing her personally.           Tholstrup failed to withdraw from
      representation as representing both Aldine Healthcare and Shelli Flores when
      he was aware that a conflict of interest existed. Tholstrup failed to inform
      Flores of the significant developments in the lawsuit, including the trial date.
      Tholstrup failed to prepare Flores for the trial, or allow her to present a
      defense on her behalf. Tholstrup provided an inadequate defense for Flores
      at the trial. Tholstrup failed to inform Flores that as a result of losing the trial,
      Flores was held accountable for the judgment. Flores could have won the
      underlying lawsuit had an adequate defense been provided for her. Tholstrup
      further committed malpractice when he failed to advise Flores that a judgment
      had been rendered against her and the consequences of that judgment being
      rendered against her. Tholstrup failed to explain to Flores what a subpoena
      duces tecum is and the importance of her showing up to the deposition.
      Tholstrup has acted negligently and in violation of the Lawyer’s Creed and
      the Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct. Tholstrup also
      breached his duty to Flores by violating the attorney-client confidentiality.

      In Tholstrup’s actions [he] has caused Flores damages including a
      garnishment on her accounts, loss of credit reputation, court costs, attorney’s
      fees, mental anguish.

Tholstrup filed a traditional motion for summary judgment on the pleadings, which
the trial court granted. This appeal followed.




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                                  DISCUSSION

      In two issues, Flores challenges the trial court’s grant of summary judgment
against her, arguing that Tholstrup was not entitled to summary judgment as a matter
of law.

                                Standard of Review

      In a traditional motion for summary judgment, the movant has the burden to
show there is no genuine issue of material fact and it is entitled to judgment as a
matter of law. Nixon v. Mr. Prop. Mgmt. Co., 690 S.W.2d 546, 548 (Tex. 1985).
A defendant who conclusively negates at least one of the essential elements of a
plaintiff’s cause of action is entitled to a summary judgment on that claim. IHS
Cedars Treatment Ctr. of DeSoto, Tex., Inc. v. Mason, 143 S.W.3d 794, 798 (Tex.
2004). Once a defendant establishes its right to summary judgment, the burden
then shifts to the plaintiff to come forward with summary judgment evidence raising
a genuine issue of material fact. Centeq Realty, Inc. v. Siegler, 899 S.W.2d 195,
197 (Tex. 1995). We review a trial court’s summary judgment de novo. Valence
Operating Co. v. Dorsett, 164 S.W.3d 656, 661 (Tex. 2005).

      Tholstrup moved for summary judgment on the pleadings; he attached no
evidence in support of his motion. Therefore, we review the propriety of the
summary judgment based on Flores’s pleadings. See Warwick Towers Council v.
Park Warwick, 298 S.W.3d 436, 444 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2009, no
pet.). To determine whether a cause of action exists under the circumstances
pleaded, we assume that all facts alleged by Flores are true and indulge all
reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to Flores. Id.

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      A. Breach of Fiduciary Duty Claim

      The elements of a breach of fiduciary duty claim are: (1) a fiduciary
relationship existed between the plaintiff and defendant; (2) defendant breached its
fiduciary duty to the plaintiff; and (3) defendant’s breach resulted in injury to the
plaintiff or benefit to defendant. Lundy v. Mason, 260 S.W.3d 482, 501 (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2008, pet. denied). The plaintiff has the burden to
prove each of the elements of her cause of action. See Gonzalez v. Razi, 338
S.W.3d 167, 169–70 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, pet. denied).

      B. Legal Malpractice Claim

      The focus of a legal malpractice claim is whether the attorney adequately
represented the client. Kimleco Petroleum, Inc. v. Morrison & Shelton, 91 S.W.3d
921, 923 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2002, pet. denied). The elements of a legal
malpractice claim are: (1) the attorney owed plaintiff a duty; (2) the attorney’s
negligent act or omission breached that duty; (3) the breach proximately caused the
plaintiff’s injury; and (4) the plaintiff suffered damages. Akin, Gump, Strauss,
Hauer & Feld, L.L.P. v. Nat’l Dev. and Research Corp., 299 S.W.3d 106, 112 (Tex.
2009); Alexander v. Turtur & Assocs., Inc., 146 S.W.3d 113, 117 (Tex. 2004).
Although proximate cause is usually a question of fact in a legal malpractice action,
it may be determined as a matter of law if the circumstances are such that reasonable
minds could not arrive at a different conclusion. Mackie v. McKenzie, 900 S.W.2d
445, 449 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1995, writ denied). Proximate cause has two
elements: cause in fact and foreseeability. IHS Cedars Treatment Ctr. of DeSoto,
Tex. v. Mason, 143 S.W.3d 794, 798 (Tex. 2004). Cause in fact requires proof that
(1) the negligent act or omission was a substantial factor in bringing about the harm
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at issue and (2) absent the negligent act or omission (known as “but for”), the harm
would not have occurred. Id. at 799. The plaintiff has the burden to show, “but
for” the attorney’s breach of duty, she would have achieved a more favorable result
in the underlying lawsuit—commonly referred to as the “suit within a suit”
requirement. See Alexander, 146 S.W.3d at 118–20; Cooper v. Harris, 329 S.W.3d
898, 902 (Tex. App.-Houston [14thDist.] 2010, pet. denied).

      C. Tholstrup’s Motion for Summary Judgment

      Tholstrup moved for summary judgment on the grounds that, assuming he
was negligent and breached his fiduciary duty, he is not liable to Flores because his
actions and inactions did not proximately cause Flores’s injuries; rather, she caused
her own injuries by signing the corporate check without disclosing her
representative capacity. The motion for summary judgment states:

      8. Movant moves for summary judgment based on nonmovant’s pleadings
      and facts in that, if there was a fiduciary relationship between nonmovant and
      movant, nonmovant suffered no damage as a result of movant’s action.
      Nonmovant was individually liable through no fault of movant for the check
      the subject of this suit because nonmovant signed in her individual capacity
      and not as an officer of the corporation. Nonmovant was strictly liable for
      the amount of the check. Further, movant prepared a Banking Resolution
      which nonmovant filed with a banking institution stating “Shelli Flores,
      Secretary.[“] Nonmovant did not sign as secretary of the corporation as
      provided for in the banking resolution and is therefore strictly liable for any
      damages she incurred as a result of her signatory actions. When a movant
      moves for summary judgment on its cause of action [,] movant is entitled to
      summary judgment as a matter of law if it proves any essential element of the
      claim can not [sic] be established by the nonmovant.

      Malpractice Cause of Action


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      9. Defendant moves for summary judgment based on plaintiff’s pleadings
      and facts in that, [non]movant has not plead nor carried her burden to prove
      that “but for” the movant’s breach of duty, nonmovant would have prevailed
      on the underlying cause of action and would have been entitle[d] to a
      favorable judgment, commonly referred to [as] the “suit within a suit”
      requirement. When a movant moves for summary judgment on its cause of
      action[,] movant is entitled to summary judgment as a matter of law if it
      proves any essential element of the claim can not [sic] be established by the
      nonmovant in this case.

(citations omitted).

      In determining whether Tholstrup was entitled to summary judgment based
on the grounds asserted, we must assume that all facts alleged by Flores in her
petition are true and we indulge all reasonable inferences in her favor.           See
Warwick, 298 S.W.3d at 444. Accordingly, we accept as true that Tholstrup failed
to advise Flores that she could be personally liable on corporate checks if she did not
disclose her representative capacity and that this breach of duty resulted in the
judgment against Flores. Under Flores’s petition, if Tholstrup had properly advised
her, Flores’s signature would have included her representative capacity, and
therefore she would not have been sued individually, and she would not have been
personally liable for the check amount.

       Contrary to his assertions in his motion for summary judgment, Tholstrup
failed to conclusively negate that his alleged breach of fiduciary duties and
negligence proximately caused injury to Flores. Accordingly, the trial court erred
in granting the summary judgment.




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                                       CONCLUSION

      We sustain Flores’s issues. We reverse the summary judgment and remand
for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.




                                             /s/       Margaret Garner Mirabal
                                                       Senior Justice


Panel consists of Justices Frost, McCally, and Mirabal.1




      1
          Senior Justice Margaret Garner Mirabal sitting by assignment.
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