        IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                         AT NASHVILLE
                          Assigned on Briefs March 19, 2013

              STATE OF TENNESSEE v. DONTA HENRY IVORY

                Appeal from the Circuit Court for Montgomery County
                  Nos. 41001146, 41100312, Michael R. Jones, Judge


                 No. M2012-01815-CCA-R3-CD - Filed June 12, 2013


The Defendant-Appellant, Donta Henry Ivory, appeals from the Montgomery County Circuit
Court’s order revoking his probation. Ivory entered a guilty plea to statutory rape, and he
received a suspended sentence of two years. In a separate case, he later entered a best
interest plea to an amended charge of aggravated assault and received a five-year suspended
sentence concurrent with the previous two-year sentence. On appeal, Ivory argues that the
trial court erred in revoking his probation. Upon review, we affirm the judgment of the trial
court.

  Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

C AMILLE R. M CM ULLEN, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which D. K ELLY T HOMAS,
J R., and J EFFREY S. B IVINS, JJ., joined.

Roger E. Nell, District Public Defender; Daniel Ufford, Assistant District Public Defender,
Clarksville, Tennessee, for the Defendant-Appellant, Donta Henry Ivory.

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Clark B. Thornton, Assistant Attorney
General; John W. Carney, Jr., District Attorney General; and Dan Brollier, Assistant District
Attorney General, for the Appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                        OPINION

       On April 19, 2012, a probation violation warrant was issued alleging Ivory had (1)
been arrested and charged with committing aggravated burglary, (2) admitted smoking
marijuana, and (3) owed $2,114.00 in court costs. At the revocation hearing, Bonn Vincent
Brabston testified that on April 13, 2012, he was at home and heard individuals on his back
porch. He said:
       [A]t some point, somebody tried to open the door, unsuccessfully. Somebody
       shifted over to the window. They tried to open the window up unsuccessfully
       and then somebody returned to the door and started working on it, at which
       point, I went across the street and talked with my neighbor and she called 911
       for me and I talked to the police department.
               ....

              At some point after I crossed the street to call the police, somebody did
       break in the door.

Brabston said from the voices he heard, he thought there were two men trying to break into
his residence. He stated that “food and hygiene products as well as an electric razor [were]
taken.” He did not give anyone permission to enter his residence. Brabston acknowledged
he was visually impaired and did not see the individuals breaking in or the person the police
captured.

       Aleshia Chambers testified that she was at her house on April 13, 2012, when
Brabston came and told her “that somebody was trying to break into his house.” She offered
Brabston her telephone to call the police and “look[ed] across the street and [saw] what was
going on at his house.” She saw Ivory and two other men in Brabston’s back yard talking
with Brabston’s next door neighbor, Betty. Chambers said after Betty walked back into her
house, she heard “a boom noise and then after the boom, [Ivory] disappeared and [Chambers]
was telling Mr. Brabston while he was on the phone talking to the police that [she thought]
they kicked his door down.” Brabston relayed this information to the police. When the first
police car arrived, from her house Chambers saw Ivory “took off running,” and the three men
“ran through the woods.” She saw the police bring Ivory back to the house in a police car.
She identified Ivory in the courtroom.

       On cross-examination, Chambers acknowledged she could not see Ivory enter
Brabston’s house because he was behind Brabston’s house. She acknowledged she did not
see Ivory carrying anything but saw one man, whom at the time of the incident appeared to
be white, carrying a big box. Chambers said these events occurred around four or five
o’clock in the afternoon. She said the police arrived within “three or four minutes at the
most.”

        Danesha Baldwin of the Tennessee Board of Probation and Parole testified that Ivory
tested positive for marijuana, and on November 16, 2011, he “admitted to smoking marijuana
on or about November 7th.” She said Ivory’s file did not reveal whether or not he made any
effort to pay his court costs. On cross-examination, Baldwin testified that she had not met



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with Ivory. She said his record did not contain proof of employment but did show his
registration with the Career Center.

        In revoking Ivory’s probation, the court stated as follows:

                Based on the evidence I have heard, there is no doubt that a burglary
        occurred, a home burglary occurred. Mr. Ivory is clearly identified as one of
        the participants in that burglary, who–upon seeing the police was fleeing with
        a box. It doesn’t have to be held by Mr. Ivory, participate without that. So he
        is in violation for committing an aggravated burglary. He’s also in violation
        for using marijuana. I don’t have sufficient proof to find that he willfully
        violated by failures to pay.
                ....

               Having found then that Mr. Ivory violated the terms of his probation by
        committing another1 aggravated burglary while on probation, I am going to
        order that he serve his sentences in both these cases.

        Ivory filed a timely notice of appeal.


                                            ANALYSIS

        Ivory argues that the trial court abused its discretion in ordering full revocation of his
probation, because the State did not prove that he committed burglary by a preponderance
of the evidence. He concedes that his proven use of marijuana was “sufficient for the trial
court to revoke probation,” but he argues that “a single use of marijuana does not justify total
revocation. Partial revocation or extension of probation, or both, is an appropriate sanction
for the violation.” The State responds that the trial court properly exercised its discretion in
revoking Ivory’s probation based on both violations. We agree with the State.

        If the trial judge determines that the defendant “has violated the conditions of
probation and suspension by a preponderance of the evidence, the trial judge shall have the
right . . . to revoke the probation and suspension of sentence and cause the defendant to
commence the execution of the judgment as originally entered, or otherwise in accordance
with § 40-35-310.” T.C.A. § 40-35-311(e) (2006). Probation revocation rests within the
sound discretion of the trial court, and this court will not disturb the trial court’s ruling absent

       1
          A previous aggravated burglary charge was dismissed on August 19, 2011, when Ivory entered his
best interest plea to an amended charge of aggravated assault.

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an abuse of that discretion. State v. Shaffer, 45 S.W.3d 553, 554 (Tenn. 2001) (citing State
v. Harkins, 811 S.W.2d 79, 82 (Tenn. 1991)). In order to establish an abuse of discretion,
the defendant must show “that the record contains no substantial evidence to support the
conclusion of the trial judge that a violation of the conditions of probation has occurred.”
Harkins, 811 S.W.2d at 82 (citing State v. Grear, 568 S.W.2d 285, 286 (Tenn. 1978); State
v. Delp, 614 S.W.2d 395, 398 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1980)). Once the trial judge has made the
finding that a violation of probation has occurred, he or she has the discretion to order the
defendant to (1) serve his sentence in incarceration; (2) serve the probationary term,
beginning anew; or (3) serve a probationary period that is extended for up to an additional
two years. State v. Hunter, 1 S.W.3d 643, 647 (Tenn. 1999) (citations omitted); see T.C.A.
§§ 40-35-308, -310, -311.

        “A new arrest and pending charges are proper grounds on which a trial court can
revoke a defendant’s probation, however a trial court may not rely on the mere fact of an
arrest or an indictment to revoke a defendant’s probation. A revocation on this basis requires
the State to ‘produce evidence in the usual form of testimony’ in order to establish the
probationer’s commission of another offense while on probation.” State v. Catherin Vaughn,
No. M2009-01166-CCA-R3-CD, 2010 WL 2432008, at *3 (Tenn. Crim. App. June 14, 2010)
(citations omitted).

        Ivory has failed to demonstrate that the trial court abused its discretion in revoking his
probation. At the outset, as conceded by Ivory, his drug use alone provided the trial court
with a sufficient basis upon which to revoke his probation. Ivory argues that an unlawful
entry into Brabston’s home was not proven. He cites State v. Sherman, 266 S.W.3d 395, 408
(Tenn. 2008), for the proposition that “[m]ere presence during the commission of a crime is
insufficient to support a conviction.” However, Sherman challenged a conviction, which
requires proof beyond a reasonable doubt, and the case sub judice concerns a revocation of
probation, which requires proof by “a preponderance of the evidence . . . that a defendant
violated the conditions of his probation.” State v. Gabel, 914 S.W.2d 562, 564 (Tenn. Crim.
App. 1995); see Delp, 614 S.W.2d at 396-97 (“This Court has previously held that a trial
judge at a probation revocation hearing is not bound by an acquittal of a criminal offense
which occurs, as in this case, after a suspended sentence is granted, when it appears that a
defendant is guilty of conduct inconsistent with good citizenship.”); accord State v. Adams,
650 S.W.2d 382, 383 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1983). Finally, a trial judge is not required to find
that a violation of the terms of probation has occurred beyond a reasonable doubt. Stamps
v. State, 614 S.W.2d 71, 73 (Tenn. Crim. App.1980)

        At the hearing, the victim testified that he heard men on his back porch trying to
enter his house through both a door and a window, that his home was broken into, and that
property was taken from his home. His neighbor testified that she saw Ivory behind the

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victim’s house, heard a loud noise, and saw Ivory run from police with two other men. She
identified Ivory as one of the men she saw behind the victim’s home. “In probation
revocation hearings, the credibility of witnesses is for the determination of the trial judge.
His findings have the weight of a jury verdict.” Delp, 614 S.W.2d at 398 (citing Bledsoe v.
State, 387 S.W.2d 811, 814 (1965)). This evidence supported the trial court’s revocation of
Ivory’s probation.

       Once the trial court determined that Ivory violated the terms of his probation, it was
authorized “to cause execution of the defendant’s original judgment as it was originally
entered.” Hunter, 1 S.W.3d at 647 (citing T.C.A. § 40-35-310). The court did not abuse its
discretion by ordering Ivory to serve his sentence in custody. “Incarceration was clearly one
of the options available to the trial court upon finding that violations occurred.” State v.
Matthew C. Welker, No. M2011-00900-CCA-R3-CD, 2012 WL 1343857, at *4 (Tenn. Crim.
App. Apr. 17, 2012). Ivory is not entitled to relief.

                                      CONCLUSION


       Upon on review, the judgment of the Circuit Court is affirmed.




                                           ___________________________________
                                           CAMILLE R. McMULLEN, JUDGE




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