                IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                           AT KNOXVILLE
                         Assigned on Briefs, February 7, 2011

                    CADLEROCK, LLC v. SHEILA R. WEBER

                 Appeal from the Chancery Court for Sevier County
                 No. 09-11-497   Telford E. Forgety, Jr., Chancellor


                 No. E2010-02137-COA-R3-CV-FILED-JUNE 30, 2011


The plaintiff, an assignee to a foreign judgment, filed a petition to domesticate the judgment
pursuant to the Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act, found at Tenn. Code Ann.
§ 26-6-101 et seq. The defendant objected to the enrollment of the foreign judgment because
it was assigned. After a hearing on the matter, the trial court denied the plaintiff’s motion
to domesticate the foreign judgment and dismissed the case. The plaintiff appeals. Our
review of the record reveals that the plaintiff properly followed the statutory requirements
to enroll a foreign judgment. Accordingly, the trial court erred. We reverse.

      Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeals as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court
                            Reversed; Case Remanded

J OHN W. M CC LARTY, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which H ERSCHEL P. F RANKS,
P.J., and C HARLES D. S USANO, J R., J., joined.

Oliver D. Adams, Knoxville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Cadlerock, LLC.

Scott D. Hall, Sevierville, Tennessee, for the appellee, Sheila R. Weber.

                                         OPINION

                                    I. BACKGROUND

        The record in this case is sparse. The plaintiff, Cadlerock, LLC (“Cadlerock”) filed
a petition to domesticate a foreign judgment. The judgment, at issue in this case, is a default
judgment obtained by Era Franchise Systems, Inc., against the defendant, Sheila R. Weber
d/b/a Era Classics Real Estate (“Weber”) in the Superior Court of New Jersey. Subsequently,
Era Franchise Systems, Inc., assigned the judgment to Cadlerock, and an assignment of
judgment was recorded with the Superior Court of New Jersey.
       Pursuant to Tenn. Code Ann. § 26-6-104(a), Cadlerock filed a Petition of Filing
Foreign Judgment (“the Petition”). Along with the Petition, Cadlerock filed a copy of the
New Jersey judgment and a copy of the assignment of judgment, which both were certified
by the Superior Court of New Jersey Clerk’s Office. Cadlerock’s counsel also incorporated
an affidavit containing the last known addresses for the judgment debtor and judgment
creditor into the Petition.

       Weber replied to the Petition by filing a Response to Petition by Special Appearance.
In that Response, Weber objected to enrolling the New Jersey judgment because it was
assigned.1 Weber further denied the “authenticity and effect” of the assignment. Thereafter,
Cadlerock filed a Motion to Enforce Domestication of Foreign Judgment, requesting the trial
court to enter an order to enroll and enforce the New Jersey judgment.

       The trial court heard the matter on August 6, 2010. After considering the pleadings
and the parties’ respective arguments, the trial court denied Cadlerock’s motion. This appeal
ensued.

                                               II. ISSUE

      Cadlerock presents on appeal whether the trial court erred in failing to domesticate
the New Jersey judgment and in dismissing the Petition.


                                 III. STANDARD OF REVIEW

       Whether a foreign judgment is entitled to full faith and credit is a question of law.
Tareco Props. v. Morriss, No. M2002-02950-COA-R3-CV, 2004 WL 2636705, at *12 n. 20
(Tenn. Ct. App. M.S., Nov. 18, 2004). Issues of law are reviewed de novo with no
presumption of correctness. Nelson v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 8 S.W.3d 625, 628 (Tenn.
1999). When an appellant challenges the foreign judgment on the ground that it is void under
Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02, then we review the decision as whether the trial court abused its
discretion in granting or denying relief under Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60. Tareco Props., 2004 WL
2636705, at *12 n. 20 (citing Federated Ins. Co. v. Lethcoe, 18 S.W.3d 621, 624 (Tenn.
2000); Underwood v. Zurich Ins. Co., 854 S.W.2d 94, 97 (Tenn.1993); Ellison v. Alley, 902
S.W.2d 415, 418 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1995)). A trial court abuses its discretion when it applies
an incorrect legal standard. Eldridge v. Eldridge, 42 S.W.3d 82, 85 (Tenn. 2001).



        1
         Additionally, Weber raised an issue concerning service of process, but that is not an issue before
this court on appeal.

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                                     IV. DISCUSSION

       The Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act (“the Act” or “UEFJA”) outlines
the process for domesticating a foreign judgment in Tennessee. The relevant provisions
provide:

       (a) A copy of any foreign judgment authenticated in accordance with the acts
       of congress or the statutes of this state may be filed in the office of the clerk
       of any circuit or chancery court of this state.

       (b) The clerk shall treat the foreign judgment in the same manner as a
       judgment of a court of record of this state.

       (c) A judgment so filed has the same effect and is subject to the same
       procedures, defenses and proceedings for reopening, vacating, or staying as a
       judgment of a court of record of this state and may be enforced or satisfied in
       like manner.

Tenn. Code Ann. § 26-6-104 (Supp. 2010).

        Ordinarily, foreign judgments are entitled to full faith and credit by Tennessee courts.
The courts of this State will presume that “decrees of the courts of records of any sister state
are valid” unless there is proper proof to demonstrate otherwise. Four Seasons Gardening
& Landscaping, Inc. v. Crouch, 688 S.W.2d 439, 441-42 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1984) (footnote
omitted). The party attacking the validity of the foreign judgment must prove that it should
not be given full faith and credit as required by Article 4, Section 1 of the United States
Constitution. Id. at 442 (citing Slidell v. Valentine, 298 N.W.2d 599, 602 (Iowa 1980); Riggs
v. Coplon, 636 S.W.2d 750, 755 (Tex. App. 1982); and Diners Club, Inc. v. Makoujy, 443
N.Y.S.2d 116, 117 (N.Y. Civ. Ct. 1981)); see also Marcus v. Marcus, No.
W2001-00906-COA-R3-CV, 2002 WL 1838140, at *2 (Tenn. Ct. App. W.S., July 30, 2002)
(“The party challenging the validity of a foreign judgment faces a ‘stern and heavy burden’
in showing that the foreign judgment is not entitled to full faith and credit.”) (quoting Dement
v. Kitts, 777 S.W.2d 33, 36 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1989)).

       Tenn. Code Ann. § 26-6-104(c) states that foreign judgments are subject to the same
defenses and may be vacated or reopened on the same grounds and procedures used to vacate
or reopen Tennessee judgments. See Wilson v. Battle Creek Milling & Supply, Inc., M2007-
02830-COA-R3-CV, 2008 WL 5330498, at *3 (Tenn. Ct. App. M.S., Dec. 19, 2008). Thus,
the grounds and procedures for vacating or reopening foreign judgments are those contained
in Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02.

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        In this case, the burden is on Weber to prove why the New Jersey judgment is not
entitled to full faith and credit in Tennessee. Weber contends that because Cadlerock is an
assignee of a foreign judgment, Tennessee law does not permit enforcement. According to
Weber, Cadlerock failed to authenticate the assignment of judgment. Weber contends that
Cadlerock could have avoided the dismissal if it had amended its pleadings to allege the
assignment of judgment. In sum, Weber claims that Cadlerock’s requested relief exceeds
domestication because it relied on an assignment of a foreign judgment.

        The trial court entered an order denying Cadlerock’s motion to enforce domestication
of the New Jersey judgment. The trial court denied the motion because Cadlerock “purported
to be the assignee of the foreign judgment.” The trial court also dismissed the action.

        Cadlerock takes issue with the trial court’s decision to deny domestication to the New
Jersey judgment. Cadlerock asserts that it complied with the requirements of the Act. “The
requirements for filing a foreign judgments are few and straightforward.” See Baumann v.
Williams, No. M2006-00962-COA-R3-CV, 2007 WL 3375365, at *2 (Tenn. Ct. App. M.S.,
Nov. 13, 2007). Specifically, the Act requires: (1) filing an authenticated copy of the
judgment in either a circuit or chancery court, see Tenn. Code Ann. § 26-6-104(a) and (2)
filing an affidavit containing the names and last known addresses of the judgment creditor
and the judgment debtor, see Tenn. Code Ann. § 26-6-105(a). As Cadlerock correctly points
out in its brief, domesticating a foreign judgment is a two-step process that includes
enrollment and enforcement. As the Baumann court explained:

       While the Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act creates a
       registration process that leads to enforcement, thereby tightly binding
       registration and enforcement, it does not eliminate the two-step nature of the
       process. In this vein, Tennessee courts have repeatedly recognized that
       enrolled or registered judgments remain subject to attack. This court has
       recently observed that “[o]nce a foreign judgment has been enrolled, it has the
       same effect and is subject to the same procedures, defenses, and proceedings
       for reopening, vacating, or staying as a judgment of a court of record in
       Tennessee and may be enforced or satisfied in a like manner.”

2007 WL 3375365, at *2 (quoting First State Bank of Holly Springs, Miss. v. Wyssbrod, 124
S.W.3d 566, 573 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2003)) (footnotes omitted).

        The record contains the pleadings filed by the parties and the trial court’s order. From
our review of the limited record before us, we find that the trial court erred in refusing to
enroll the New Jersey judgment and in dismissing the action. In the instant case, Cadlerock
filed an authenticated copy of the New Jersey judgment, an authenticated copy of the

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assignment of judgment, and an affidavit of service with the Petition. The trial court should
have permitted enrollment of the New Jersey judgment because allowing enrollment merely
acknowledges that the document was “properly authenticated as a valid judgment from a
sister state.” Baumann, 2007 WL 3375365, at *2 (footnote omitted). A decision to enroll
a foreign judgment does not equate into a determination that the judgment is enforceable.
Id.

        We find no case law to support Weber’s contentions that the New Jersey judgment is
not enforceable because it was assigned. Weber claims that Cadlerock, as an assignee, does
not qualify as a “judgment creditor” within the meaning of the Act. Also finding no case law
in support of this contention, we note that in the case of Remington Investments, Inc. v.
Obenauf, 1 S.W.3d 666, 668 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1999), an assignee to a Connecticut judgment,
satisfied the statutory requirements to permit domestication of the judgment. As stated
earlier, an attack on the validity of a foreign judgment is subject to the same procedures and
grounds contained in Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60. Weber’s contentions regarding the assignment of
the judgment would relate to the enforcement of the judgment, but not the enrollment of it.
In denying enrollment of the New Jersey judgment and dismissing the Petition, the trial court
committed an error of law. Therefore, we reverse.

                                    V. CONCLUSION

        We reverse the decision of the trial court. We remand this cause to the trial court for
further proceedings consistent with this Opinion and for the collection of costs. The costs
of this appeal are taxed to the appellee, Shelia R. Weber.




                                                    _________________________________
                                                    JOHN W. McCLARTY, JUDGE




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