                                                                                F I L E D
                                                                         United States Court of Appeals
                                                                                 Tenth Circuit
                         UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                              November 9, 2005
                                    TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                                 Clerk of Court

 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

           Plaintiff-Appellee,
 v.                                                            No. 04-3337
 MICHAEL SCOTT GLOVER,                             (D.C. No. 00-CR-10121-01-MLB)
                                                               (D. Kan.)
           Defendant-Appellant.




                                 ORDER AND JUDGMENT*


Before KELLY, BALDOCK, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.**



       Defendant Michael Glover stands indicted on one count of robbery in violation of

18 U.S.C. § 2113(a) and one count of robbery and two counts of attempted robbery all in

violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1951. Defendant suffers from paranoid schizophrenia which

presently renders him incompetent to stand trial. The district court has authorized the


       *
          This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines
of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the
citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under
the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
       **
         After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of this
appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument.
Bureau of Prisons to administer antipsychotic drugs to Defendant in an effort to render

him competent to stand trial. Defendant appeals. He objects to the forced administration

of such drugs claiming they will adversely affect his health. We exercise jurisdiction

under the collateral order doctrine, vacate the district court’s order, and remand for

further proceedings consistent with United States v. Morrison, 415 F.3d 1180 (10th Cir.

2005).

         Morrison, decided after the district court’s order in this case, similarly involved a

defendant’s appeal from an order “authorizing involuntary administration of antipsychotic

medication to render him competent to stand trial.” Id. at 1181. As here, the district court

approved forced medication based on its application of the four-part test set out in Sell v.

United States, 539 U.S. 166 (2003). We vacated and remanded because the district court

did not consider possible alternative bases for administering the drugs before conducting

the Sell inquiry. As we explained in Morrison, Sell cautioned that “less troublesome

grounds” for administering antipsychotic drugs to a pretrial detainee may exist apart from

the competency inquiry:

         “A court need not consider whether to allow forced medication for purposes
         of rendering the defendant competent to stand trial, if forced medication is
         warranted for a different purpose, such as . . . purposes . . . related to the
         individual’s dangerousness, or purposes related to the individual’s own
         interests where refusal to take drugs puts his health gravely at risk. There
         are often strong reasons for a court to determine whether forced
         administration of drugs can be justified on these alternative grounds before
         turning to the trial competence question.”

Morrison, 415 F.3d at 1185 (internal brackets omitted) (quoting Sell, 539 U.S. at 181-82).

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Morrison further explained that an alternative inquiry “will not be time wasted even if it

does not result in compulsory medication, because ‘the findings underlying such a

decision will help to inform expert opinion and judicial decisionmaking in respect to a

request to administer drugs for trial competence purposes.’” Id. at 1186 (quoting Sell,

539 U.S. at 183).

       In conducting its Sell inquiry in this case, the district court noted that in addition to

schizophrenia Defendant’s “medical condition allegedly includes a heart attack and a

family history of diabetes, along with confirmed hepatitis C and elevated cholesterol.”

The court explained the Government’s expert “felt very strongly that defendant should be

medicated to help improve his mental condition, that a failure to do so may in fact be

harmful to defendant, and that a failure to recommend treatment to a patient in

defendant’s condition would certainly fall below the standard of care.” According to the

court, Defendant’s expert “[r]ather than opine that involuntary administration of

psychotropic drugs would risk more harm than benefit, . . . testified that giving these

medications to defendant was medically appropriate. He simply recommended that a few

more tests be run to monitor defendant for adverse side effects.” The district court’s

discussion of the experts’ opinions reinforces our view that the court, before proceeding

to the Sell inquiry, should have inquired whether the Government could seek forced




                                               3
medication of Defendant on some alternative legitimate ground, and if not, why not.1



       Accordingly, we vacate the district court’s order authorizing the forced

administration of antipsychotic drugs to Defendant and remand for further proceedings

consistent with the foregoing.

       VACATED and REMANDED.

                                          Entered for the Court,



                                          Bobby R. Baldock
                                          Circuit Judge




       1
          All this is not to ignore Defendant’s liberty interest in freedom from the
unwanted administration of drugs. See Washington v. Harper, 494 U.S. 210, 221-22
(1990). Any decision to administer drugs to Defendant, whether based on Sell’s four-
part test or some alternative ground, must have some reasonable relationship to a
legitimate state interest. Id. at 223.

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