           IN THE COURT OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION CLAIMS
                            AT JACKSON

KELLY SCOTT                                   )   Docket No.: 2015-07-0188
         Employee,                            )
v.                                            )   State File Number: 62922-2015
HARDEMAN CO. SHERIFF'S DEPT.                  )
         Employer,                            )   Judge Amber E. Luttrell
And                                           )
SAFETY ENGINEER INC.                          )
CONSULTANTS                                   )
         Insurance Carrier.                   )
                                              )

     EXPEDITED HEARING ORDER DENYING MEDICAL AND TEMPORARY
                       DISABILITY BENEFITS


        This matter came before the undersigned Workers' Compensation Judge on the
Request for Expedited Hearing filed by the employee, Kelly Scott, pursuant to Tennessee
Code Annotated section 50-6-239 (2014). The present focus of this case is the
compensability of Mr. Scott's hand injury and his entitlement to medical and temporary
disability benefits. The central legal issue is whether the injury arose primarily out of the
employment, and whether benefits are precluded due to willful misconduct, intentional
self-inflicted injury, and/or untimely notice. For the reasons set forth below, the Court
finds Mr. Scott has not come forward with sufficient evidence from which the Court can
conclude he sustained an accidental injury arising primarily out of his employment. Thus,
his request for medical and temporary disability benefits is denied.

                                     History of Claim

       Mr. Scott is a thirty-three-year-old resident of Hardeman County, Tennessee. He
worked as a Sergeant for the Hardeman County Sheriffs Department. On July 8, 2015,
while working on second shift, Mr. Scott injured his right hand. The parties fervently
dispute how the injury occurred.

       According to Mr. Scott, he walked into a break room to retrieve his cell phone and
other personal belongings before his shift ended. He started to close the door when he

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reached back and "flipped it back open" to make sure he did not leave anything in the
room. Mr. Scott testified he immediately felt pain in his hand when it struck the door. Mr.
Scott first called his mother, stating he thought he broke his hand. He informed her he
would finish out his shift and then seek medical attention. At some point prior to the
conclusion of his shift, 1 Mr. Scott spoke to Sergeant Gina Pittman, who worked the same
shift that evening. Mr. Scott testified he showed her his hand and stated, "I think I broke
my hand and it's swelling up." Sergeant Pittman prepared an ice pack for Mr. Scott's
hand.

       At the conclusion of his shift, Mr. Scott sought medical treatment at Bolivar
General Hospital emergency room. He testified he sustained a metacarpal fracture and the
doctor provided a hand splint until he could see an orthopedist for follow-up treatment.

       The following day, Mr. Scott testified he returned to work to give his immediate
supervisor, Captain Leonard Brown, a physician's off-work slip. He stated he told
Captain Brown he broke his hand at work. Mr. Scott further testified that at some point,
he called Katherine Ware, human resources representative for the Sheriffs Department,
requesting workers' compensation paperwork, but she refused his request. 2

       Mr. Scott did not introduce any medical records into evidence supporting his claim
for workers' compensation benefits. However, he did introduce into evidence a "Patient
Summary" from Bolivar General Hospital dated July 9, 2015, stating the reason for his
visit was hand pain from hitting a door. (Ex. 4.) He also introduced into evidence several
off-work slips from Dr. Michael Dolan at West Tennessee Bone and Joint Clinic. The
notes do not indicate the injury for which he was treating with Dr. Dolan. According to
Mr. Scott, he sought follow-up treatment with Dr. Dolan, who confirmed the fracture and
put his hand in a cast. After removing the cast, Dr. Dolan sent Mr. Scott to physical
therapy for approximately four and one-half weeks.

        Hardeman County did not dispute that Mr. Scott injured his hand on or about July
8, 2015, on the work premises; however, it did dispute Mr. Scott's allegation that he
sustained an accidental injury to his hand arising out of his employment. Rather,
Hardeman County contends Mr. Scott struck the door in anger upon learning he was
under investigation for a policy violation. In its case in chief, Hardeman County offered
the testimony of Deputy Lynn Shields, Sergeant Gina Pittman, Captain Leonard Brown,
and Chief Billy Davis from the Sheriffs Department.

        Deputy Shields is the facility security officer for the Sheriffs Department. He
testified on or about July 8, 2015, he was asked by Captain Brown to investigate a
reported incident where it was alleged that Mr. Scott watched pirated movies on a work
1
  The parties disputed the timeframe between the incident's occurrence and Mr. Scott's discussion with Sergeant
Pittman.
2
  Ms. Ware was not a witness at the expedited hearing.

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computer while on duty with inmates referred to as "trustees." Deputy Shields
interviewed employees and trustees concerning the alleged incident. Regarding Mr.
Scott's injury, Deputy Shields testified he approached Mr. Scott sometime after the injury
occurred when he noticed Mr. Scott's hand in a cast. He asked Mr. Scott what happened,
and Mr. Scott responded that he hit something. Deputy Shields responded by jokingly
asking Mr. Scott if he needed anger management classes.

        Sergeant Pittman worked the same shift as Mr. Scott on the evening of July 8,
2015. Sergeant Pittman testified that she was getting a drink from a machine when she
heard Mr. Scott hit the door. She stated, "he hit it hard enough that it slammed up against
the door stop." Mr. Scott left the building and returned a couple of hours later and asked
Sergeant Pittman to get him an ice pack for his hand. She told him he should go to the
hospital to seek medical attention. According to Sergeant Pittman, Mr. Scott informed her
that he was not going to file a workers' compensation claim and that he was going to tell
everyone it did not happen at work. She testified, "he had been mad because the trustees
had told him about them being asked about watching movies." The next morning,
Sergeant Pittman spoke to Captain Brown and informed him of Mr. Scott's injury and
their discussions following the incident.

        Captain Brown was Mr. Scott's immediate supervisor. He testified the Sheriffs
Department policy handbook requires employees to immediately report all work-related
injuries to him. Captain Brown confirmed he learned about Mr. Scott's hand injury from
Sergeant Pittman. He testified Mr. Scott never came to him and reported a work-related
injury. He did recall Mr. Scott bringing him an off-work slip a day or two after the
incident; however, he testified that Mr. Scott did not state his injury was work-related.
Captain Brown also testified about a meeting he and Chief Davis had with Mr. Scott on
July 28, 2015, which he documented in a disciplinary report dated July 30, 2015. (Ex. 6.)
Chief Davis called the meeting to address several disciplinary issues with Mr. Scott.
Captain Brown testified they also discussed Mr. Scott's hand injury during the meeting.
Chief Davis asked him how he hurt his hand, and Mr. Scott admitted he became angry
and injured his hand when he hit something at work. On cross-examination, Captain
Brown agreed that he never went to Mr. Scott to ask about his hand upon learning of the
incident from Sergeant Pittman. He stated it was Mr. Scott's duty to notify him if he
believed he sustained a work-related injury.

       Finally, Chief Davis testified he first learned that Mr. Scott was claiming a work-
related injury and pursuing workers' compensation benefits on or about August 5, 2015,
from Katherine Ware. Chief Davis testified consistently with Captain Brown regarding
the Sheriff Department's policy concerning reporting a work-related injury and that Mr.
Scott failed to comply with the policy if he believed he had a work-related injury. He also
confirmed Captain Brown's testimony regarding the July 28, 2015 meeting where Mr.
Scott admitted to watching pirated movies with trustees and that he injured his hand when


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    he struck something in anger. 3 As a result of the disciplinary infractions discussed in the
    meeting, Chief Davis demoted Mr. Scott from sergeant to a corrections officer. Mr. Scott
    admitted to meeting with Chief Davis and Captain Brown; however, he denied ever
    telling them he struck an object in anger.

        Mr. Scott filed a Petition for Benefit Determination seeking medical and
temporary disability benefits on August 12, 20 15. The parties did not resolve the disputed
issues through mediation, and the Mediating Specialist filed a Dispute Certification
Notice. Mr. Scott filed a Request for Expedited Hearing, and this Court heard the matter
on November 30, 2015. At the expedited hearing, Mr. Scott asserted he sustained an
accidental injury for which he seeks medical and temporary disability benefits. Hardeman
County countered that Mr. Scott is not entitled to workers' compensation benefits
because his injury did not arise primarily out of his employment, he failed to give proper
notice of a work-:related injury, and his injury was due to his own willful misconduct
and/or self-inflicted injury. Hardeman County further contended that Mr. Scott failed to
offer into evidence any medical proof supporting his claim.

                               Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law

       The employee in a workers' compensation claim has the burden of proof on all
essential elements of a claim. Scott v. Integrity Staffing Solutions, No. 2015-01-0055,
2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 24, at *6 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. App. Bd. Aug.
 18, 20 15). An employee need not prove every element of his or her claim by a
preponderance of the evidence in order to obtain relief at an expedited hearing. McCord
v. Advantage Human Resourcing, No. 2014-06-0063, 2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd.
LEXIS 6, at *7-8, 9 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. App. Bd. Mar. 27, 2015). At an expedited
hearing, an employee has the burden to come forward with sufficient evidence from
which the trial court can determine that the employee is likely to prevail at a hearing on
the merits. !d. This lesser evidentiary standard "does not relieve an employee of the
burden of producing evidence of an injury by accident that arose primarily out of and in
the course and scope of employment at an expedited hearing, but allows some relief to be
granted if that evidence does not rise to the level of a 'preponderance of the evidence."'
Buchanan v. Carlex Glass Co., No. 2015-01-0012, 2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd.
LEXIS 39, at *6 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. App. Bd. Sept. 29, 2015).

       To be compensable under the workers' compensation statutes, an injury must arise
primarily out of and occur in the course and scope of the employment. Tenn. Code Ann.
§50-6-102(14) (2015). The statutory requirements that an injury arise out of and in the
course of the employment are not synonymous, "although both elements exist to ensure a
work connection to the injury for which the employee seeks benefits." Hosford v. Red
3
  The Court notes Mr. Scott questioned Chief Davis extensively regarding the location of the door he struck when he
injured his hand. Chief Davis testified his understanding was that the incident occurred in the sally port area between
two doors.

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Rover Preschool, No. 2014-05-0002, 2014 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 1, at* 19-20
(Tenn. Workers' Comp. App. Bd. Oct. 2, 2014).

       The phrase "in the course of' refers to time, place, and circumstances, and
       "arising out of' refers to cause or origin. "[A]n injury by accident to an
       employee is in the course of employment if it occurred while he was
       performing a duty he was employed to do; and it is an injury arising out of
       employment if caused by a hazard incident to such employment."
       Generally, an injury arises out of and is in the course and scope of
       employment if it has a rational connection to the work and occurs while the
       employee is engaged in the duties of his employment.

Cloyd v. Hartco Flooring Co., 274 S.W.3d 638, 643 (Tenn. 2008) (quoting Orman v.
Williams Sonoma, Inc., 803 S.W.2d 672, 676 (Tenn. 1991)).

       In Willis v. All Staff, the Tennessee Workers' Compensation Appeals Board
recently reiterated longstanding causation principles:

       The mere presence of the employee at the place of injury because of the
       employment is not enough, as the injury must result from a danger or
       hazard peculiar to the work or be caused by a risk inherent in the nature of
       the work. Accordingly, an injury purely coincidental, or contemporaneous,
       or collateral, with the employment . . . will not cause the injury . . . to be
       considered as arising out of the employment.

Willis v. All Staff, 2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 42, at* 19-20 (Tenn. Workers'
Comp. App. Bd. Nov. 9, 2015) (citations omitted).

       In this case, it is undisputed that Mr. Scott injured his hand while on duty at the
Sheriffs Department on July 8, 2015. However, as set forth in Willis, the mere presence
of an employee at the place of employment when injured is not enough to establish a
compensable work injury. There must be some danger or hazard peculiar to the work or a
risk inherent in the nature of the work to provide the requisite causal connect between
Mr. Scott's injury and his employment.

       Mr. Scott gave the only testimony in this case supporting his claim that he
sustained an accidental injury arising primarily out of his employment duties for the
Sheriffs Department. He testified he reached back to "flip" the breakroom door back
open to determine if he gathered all of his personal belongings for the end of his shift and
broke a bone in his hand. The only medical proof Mr. Scott offered into evidence in
support of his injury was a "Patient Summary" from Bolivar General Hospital dated July
9, 2015, stating the reason for visit was hand pain from hitting a door. The patient
summary note failed to support any history given by Mr. Scott of an accidental work-

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related injury to his hand. He merely complained of hand pain from hitting a door, and
there is no mention of his work duties for the Sheriffs Department.

       The testimony of every witness from the Sheriffs Department contradicted Mr.
Scott's account of the injury. The Court finds particularly compelling the testimony from
Chief Davis and Captain Brown. Both testified to asking Mr. Scott directly in the meeting
of July 28, 2015, how he injured his hand. Mr. Scott admitted to them that he watched the
pirated movies as alleged and subsequently hit his hand in anger. Their testimony was
supported by the disciplinary report issued on July 30, 2015, documenting the details of
the meeting. Overall, the Court finds the testimony of the Sheriffs Department witnesses
to be more compelling in this case concerning the nature of Mr. Scott's hand injury. In
light of the great weight of the contradictory evidence, the Court affords little weight to
Mr. Scott's account of how he injured his hand.

       Accordingly, after thorough consideration of the totality of the proof in this case,
the Court finds Mr. Scott did not come forward with sufficient evidence that he suffered
an accidental injury to his hand arising primarily out of his employment with the
Hardeman County Sheriffs Department. Therefore, as a matter of law, Mr. Scott has not
come forward with sufficient evidence from which this Court concludes that he is likely
to prevail at a hearing on the merits. His request for medical and temporary disability
benefits is denied at this time.

      Given the finding that Mr. Scott's injury did not arise primarily out of his
employment, the Court need not address Hardeman County's defenses of notice, willful
misconduct, and intentional self-inflicted injury.

IT IS, THEREFORE, ORDERED as follows:

   1. Mr. Scott's claim against Hardeman County Sheriffs Department and its workers'
      compensation carrier for the requested medical and temporary disability benefits is
      denied at this time.

   2. This matter is set for an Initial (Scheduling) Hearing on January 29, 2016, at 1:30
      p.m. Central time.




                                  Judge Amber E. Luttrell
                                  Court of Workers' Compensation Claims



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Initial (Scheduling) Hearing:

      An Initial (Scheduling) Hearing has been set with Judge Luttrell, Court of
Workers' Compensation Claims. You must call901-543-2668 or toll-free at 855-543-
5046 to participate in the Initial Hearing.

       Please Note: You must call in on the scheduled date/time to
participate. Failure to call in may result in a determination of the issues without
your further participation.


Right to Appeal:

       Tennessee Law allows any party who disagrees with this Expedited Hearing Order
to appeal the decision to the Workers' Compensation Appeals Board. To file a Notice of
Appeal, you must:

   I. Complete the enclosed form entitled: "Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal."

   2. File the completed form with the Court Clerk within seven business days of the
      date the Workers' Compensation Judge entered the Expedited Hearing Order.

   3. Serve a copy of the Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal upon the opposing party.

   4. The appealing party is responsible for payment of a filing fee in the amount of
      $75.00. Within ten calendar days after the filing of a notice of appeal, payment
      must be received by check, money order, or credit card payment. Payments can be
      made in person at any Bureau office or by United States mail, hand-delivery, or
      other delivery service. In the alternative, the appealing party may file an Affidavit
      of Indigency, on a form prescribed by the Bureau, seeking a waiver of the filing
      fee. The Affidavit of Indigency may be filed contemporaneously with the Notice
      of Appeal or must be filed within ten calendar days thereafter. The Appeals Board
      will consider the Affidavit of Indigency and issue an Order granting or denying
      the request for a waiver of the filing fee as soon thereafter as is
      practicable. Failure to timely pay the filing fee or file the Affidavit of
      Indigency in accordance with this section shall result in dismissal of the
      appeal.

   5. The parties, having the responsibility of ensuring a complete record on appeal,
      may request, from the Court Clerk, the audio recording of the hearing for the
      purpose of having a transcript prepared by a licensed court reporter and filing it

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   with the Court Clerk within ten calendar days of the filing of the Expedited
   Hearing Notice of Appeal. Alternatively, the parties may file a joint statement of
   the evidence within ten calendar days of the filing of the Expedited Hearing
   Notice of Appeal. The statement of the evidence must convey a complete and
   accurate account of what transpired in the Court of Workers' Compensation
   Claims and must be approved by the workers' compensation judge before the
   record is submitted to the Clerk of the Appeals Board.

6. If the appellant elects to file a position statement in support of the interlocutory
   appeal, the appellant shall file such position statement with the Court Clerk within
   five business days of the expiration of the time to file a transcript or statement of
   the evidence, specifying the issues presented for review and including any
   argument in support thereof. A party opposing the appeal shall file a response, if
   any, with the Court Clerk within five business days of the filing ofthe appellant's
   position statement. All position statements pertaining to an appeal of an
   interlocutory order should include: (1) a statement summarizing the facts of the
   case from the evidence admitted during the expedited hearing; (2) a statement
   summarizing the disposition of the case as a result of the expedited hearing; (3) a
   statement of the issue(s) presented for review; and (4) an argument, citing
   appropriate statutes, case law, or other authority.




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                                               APPENDIX

Exhibits:
   1. Affidavit of Kelly Scott
   2. Wage Statement
   3. First Report.ofWork Injury
   4. Bolivar General Hospital Emergency Department Records
   5. Notice of Denial
   6. Employee Disciplinary Report date July 30, 2015

Technical record: 4
   1. Dispute Certification Notice
   2. Petition for Benefit Determination
   3. Request for Expedited Hearing
   4. Employer's Prehearing Brief for Expedited Hearing
   5. Employer's Pre-Trial Witness and Exhibit List




4
   The Court did not consider attachments to Technical Record filings unless admitted into evidence during the
expedited hearing. The Court considered factual statements in these filings or any attachments to them as
allegations unless established by the evidence.




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                            CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

       I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the Expedited Hearing Order was
sent to the following recipients by the following methods of service on this the 14th day
of January, 2016.


Name                        Certified Via        Via     Service sent to:
                            Mail      Fax        Email
Kelly Scott,                   X                   X     K-e-1-1-y-@hotmail.eom· 521
Employee                                                 Ridgway Drive
                                                         Bolivar, Tennessee 38008
Terri Bernal, Esq.,                                X     tbernal@wimberla wson .com
Employer's Counsel




                                         Penny Shrum, Clerk of Court
                                         Court of Workers' Compensation Claims
                                         WC.CourtCierk@tn.gov




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