     Case: 11-10343     Document: 00511934900          Page: 1    Date Filed: 07/26/2012




            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                     FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT  United States Court of Appeals
                                                     Fifth Circuit

                                                                             FILED
                                                                            July 26, 2012
                                     No. 11-10343
                                   Summary Calendar                         Lyle W. Cayce
                                                                                 Clerk

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                   Plaintiff-Appellee

v.

MANUEL ALEJANDRO DURAN-MUNEZ,

                                                   Defendant-Appellant


                   Appeals from the United States District Court
                        for the Northern District of Texas
                              USDC No. 3:10-CR-88-1


Before BENAVIDES, STEWART, and HIGGINSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
        Manuel Alejandro Duran-Munez (Duran) appeals the 70-month sentence
imposed following his guilty plea for illegal reentry after removal in violation of
8 U.S.C. § 1326. Duran argues that the district court erred when it enhanced his
offense level pursuant to § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(ii) for unlawfully remaining in the
United States after a crime of violence conviction.1


        *
         Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
        1
       § 2L1.2(b)(1) provides that “If the defendant previously was deported, or unlawfully
remained in the United States after—(A) a conviction for a felony that is . . . (ii) a crime of
   Case: 11-10343        Document: 00511934900           Page: 2      Date Filed: 07/26/2012

                                         No. 11-10343

       Duran contends that the 16-level enhancement should not apply because
there was no removal order issued “after” his crime of violence conviction and
the prior removal order was not reinstated until after his arrest for illegal
reentry.
       In our intervening decision in United States v. Nevares-Bustamante, 669
F.3d 209 (5th Cir. 2012), as the parties forthrightly acknowledged, we held “that
a defendant alleged to have unlawfully remained in the United States following
a qualifying conviction under U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A) is subject to the
§ 2L1.2(b)(1)(A) enhancement only when a removal order is issued or reinstated
after that conviction.” Id. at 213. The government acknowledges that its position
that § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A) does not require a new or reinstated removal order to issue
after the qualifying conviction was rejected by this court in Nevares-Bustamante.
The government also acknowledges that Duran’s removal order was reinstated
after his arrest and, as a result, he had not “remained” in the United States after
the issuance of the reinstated order.
       In light of Nevares-Bustamante, and the government’s concessions, we
VACATE Duran’s sentence and REMAND for resentencing.




violence” the offense level shall “increase by 16 levels if the conviction receives criminal history
points under Chapter Four.” In turn, the application notes to § 2L1.2 explain that “[a]
defendant shall be considered to have unlawfully remained in the United States if the
defendant remained in the United States following a removal order issued after a conviction,
regardless of whether the removal order was in response to the conviction.” U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2
cmt. n. 1(A)(iii). The Supreme Court has held that application notes are authoritative. Stinson
v. United States, 508 U.S. 36, 38 (1993).

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