AFFIRMED; Opinion Filed March 12, 2015.




                                         S   In The
                                Court of Appeals
                         Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                      No. 05-14-00126-CV

                                    Sheik Tehuti, Appellant
                                              V.
                              Trans-Atlas Financial, Inc., Appellee

                        On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 3
                                    Dallas County, Texas
                            Trial Court Cause No. CC-13-06496-C

                              MEMORANDUM OPINION
                  Before Chief Justice Wright, Justice Myers, and Justice Evans
                                    Opinion by Justice Myers
       Sheik Tehuti appeals the trial court’s judgment awarding possession of certain property to

Trans-Atlas Financial, Inc. Tehuti brings eleven issues contending the trial court erred by

granting summary judgment for Trans-Atlas on its claim and Tehuti’s counterclaims. We affirm

the trial court’s judgment.

                                        BACKGROUND

       On December 22, 2003, Tehuti signed a deed of trust on a tract of land as security for a

note for $49,500 payable to Trans-Atlas. The deed of trust stated that if the property was sold

under the deed of trust, “Grantor [Tehuti] shall immediately surrender possession to the

purchaser. If Grantor fails to do so, Grantor shall become a tenant at sufferance of the purchaser,

subject to an action for forcible detainer.” According to the substitute trustee’s deed, Tehuti

defaulted on the note, and the property was posted for foreclosure. Trans-Atlas purchased the
property at the substitute trustee’s sale and received the substitute trustee’s deed. Trans-Atlas

delivered a letter to Tehuti and all other occupants of the property demanding they immediately

vacate the property and turn over possession of the property to Trans-Atlas. The letter stated that

if Tehuti and all other occupants did not vacate the property within three days, then a forcible

detainer suit would be filed.

          Trans-Atlas filed its suit for forcible detainer in the justice court on October 22, 2013.

On November 15, 2013, the justice court rendered judgment for Trans-Atlas and awarded

possession of the property to Trans-Atlas. Tehuti appealed the justice court’s judgment to the

county court at law. During the trial before the court, the trial court admitted into evidence the

deed of trust, the substitute trustee’s deed, and the notice to vacate. A witness for Trans-Atlas

testified that Tehuti still occupied the premises. The county court at law rendered judgment of

possession of the property to Trans-Atlas. Tehuti now appeals the judgment of the county court

at law.

                                         PRO SE PARTIES

          Tehuti is pro se before this Court. We liberally construe pro se pleadings and briefs.

Washington v. Bank of N.Y., 362 S.W.3d 853, 854 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, no pet.). However,

we hold pro se litigants to the same standards as licensed attorneys and require them to comply

with applicable laws and rules of procedure. Mansfield State Bank v. Cohn, 573 S.W.2d 181,

184–85 (Tex. 1978); Washington, 362 S.W.3d at 854. To do otherwise would give a pro se

litigant an unfair advantage over a litigant who is represented by counsel. Shull v. United Parcel

Serv., 4 S.W.3d 46, 53 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1999, pet. denied).

                                     FORCIBLE DETAINER

          A forcible detainer action is a procedure to determine the right to immediate possession

of real property where there was no unlawful entry. TEX. PROP. CODE ANN. § 24.002(a)(2) (West


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2014); TEX. R. CIV. P. 510.1; 1 Rice v. Pinney, 51 S.W.3d 705, 709 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2001, no

pet.). It is intended to be a speedy, simple, and inexpensive means to obtain possession without

resort to an action on the title. Scott v. Hewitt, 90 S.W.2d 816, 818–19 (1936); Rice, 51 S.W.3d

at 709. The trial court must adjudicate the right to actual possession of the property. TEX. R.

CIV. P. 510.3(e).               All other claims, including questions of title, validity of a foreclosure,

counterclaims, and suits against third parties are not permitted. Id. Those claims must be

brought in separate suits. Id. Accordingly, the only issue in a forcible detainer action is which

party has the right to immediate possession of the property. Rice, 51 S.W.3d at 709. Whether a

sale of property under a deed of trust is invalid may not be determined in a forcible detainer

action but must be brought in a separate suit. Scott, 90 S.W.2d at 818; Rice, 51 S.W.3d at 710

(quoting Scott).

           To prevail on its forcible detainer action, Trans-Atlas had to prove (1) it owned the

property by virtue of a foreclosure sale deed, (2) Tehuti became a tenant at sufferance when the

property was sold under the deed of trust, (3) Trans-Atlas gave Tehuti notice to vacate the

premises, and (4) Tehuti refused to vacate the premises. See Elwell v. Countrywide Home Loans,

Inc., 267 S.W.3d 566, 568–69 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, pet. dism’d w.o.j.); see also PROP. §

24.002 (West 2014).

           A forcible detainer suit is brought in justice court. PROP. § 24.004(a) (West 2014). The

decision of the justice court may be appealed to the county court. TEX. R. CIV. P. 510.10(a). The

appeal is by trial de novo, which is “a new trial in which the entire case is presented as if there

had been no previous trial.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 510.10(c). In the county court, a party may “plead,




     1
       Although rule of civil procedure 510 is titled “Eviction Cases,” it states that it applies to suits “to recover possession of real property under
Chapter 24, of the Texas Property Code,” that is, forcible detainer and forcible entry and detainer lawsuits. Also, the property code states,
“Eviction suits include forcible entry and detainer and forcible detainer suits.” See TEX. PROP. CODE ANN. § 24.004(a) (West 2014).



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prove and recover his damages, if any, suffered for withholding or defending possession of the

premises during the pendency of the appeal.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 510.11.

                                        Standard of Review

       Each of Tehuti’s eleven issues contends the trial court “erred in granting summary

judgment.” Tehuti states in his “Annexed Appellant’s Brief” that Trans-Atlas filed a motion for

summary judgment. However, the record does not show that Trans-Atlas moved for summary

judgment. Instead, the record shows the case was tried on the merits in a trial before the court.

It was not resolved by summary judgment. Tehuti did not attend the trial; a person identifying

herself as “the notary for Mr. Tehuti” told the trial court that Tehuti was sick.

       The parties did not request findings of fact and conclusions of law, and the trial court did

not make findings of fact and conclusions of law. When no findings of fact and conclusions of

law were requested or filed, it is implied that the trial court made all findings necessary to

support its judgment. Worford v. Stamper, 801 S.W.2d 108, 109 (Tex. 1990) (per curiam);

Niskar v. Niskar, 136 S.W.3d 749, 753 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, no pet.). The judgment will be

upheld on any legal theory that finds support in the evidence. Niskar, 136 S.W.3d at 754.

       We review the implied findings of fact for legal and factual sufficiency, and we review

the trial court’s implied legal conclusions de novo. In re M.P.B., 257 S.W.3d 804, 808 (Tex.

App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.). When addressing a legal sufficiency challenge, we view the

evidence in the light most favorable to the challenged finding, crediting favorable evidence if a

reasonable fact-finder could and disregarding contrary evidence unless a reasonable fact-finder

could not. City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 827 (Tex. 2005). Anything more than a

scintilla of evidence is legally sufficient to support the finding. Formosa Plastics Corp. USA v.

Presidio Eng’rs & Contractors, Inc., 960 S.W.2d 41, 48 (Tex. 1998). In a factual sufficiency

review, we view all the evidence in a neutral light and set aside the finding only if the finding is


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so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence such that the finding is clearly wrong

and unjust. Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 175, 176 (Tex. 1986) (per curiam); Morris v. Wells Fargo

Bank, N.A., 334 S.W.3d 838, 842 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.).

                                                           Tehuti’s Issues

          In his first 2 and second issues, Tehuti contends the underlying foreclosure was unlawful

because Trans-Atlas failed to establish a valid chain of title, failed to establish that Tehuti was in

default, and failed to establish it was the valid holder of the note. The validity of a foreclosure

sale may not be determined in a suit for forcible detainer but must be brought in a separate suit.

TEX. R. CIV. P. 510.3(e); Scott, 90 S.W.2d at 818–19; Williams v. Bank of N.Y. Mellon, 315

S.W.3d 925, 927 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.). Defects in the foreclosure process or with

Trans-Atlas’s title are not relevant in the suit before us. See Williams, 315 S.W.3d at 927.

          At the trial, Trans-Atlas presented evidence (1) it owned the property by virtue of a

foreclosure sale deed, that is, the substitute trustee’s deed; (2) Tehuti became a tenant at

sufferance when the property was sold under the deed of trust; (3) Trans-Atlas gave Tehuti

notice to vacate the premises; and (4) Tehuti refused to vacate the premises. This evidence,

uncontroverted by any evidence from Tehuti, entitled Trans-Atlas to judgment for possession of

the property. See Elwell, 267 S.W.3d at 568–69. It was not necessary for the trial court to

determine whether the foreclosure was valid before awarding possession to Trans-Atlas. Id. at

569.

          We conclude the evidence was sufficient to support the trial court’s judgment awarding

possession of the property to Trans-Atlas. Any defects in the foreclosure of the property or in




     2
        Tehuti’s first issue states, “The trial court erred in granting Trans-Atlas Financial’s motion for summary judgment on its foreclosure
action.” However, Trans-Atlas did not bring a “foreclosure action” in this lawsuit.



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Trans-Atlas’s title to the property do not affect the validity of the trial court’s judgment in this

case. We overrule Tehuti’s first two issues.

       Tehuti’s third through eleventh issues contend the trial court erred by granting summary

judgment on Tehuti’s counterclaims for common-law and statutory fraud, negligent

misrepresentation, violations of the Texas Debt Collection Practices Act, violations of the Texas

Deceptive Trade Practices–Consumer Protection Act, breach of contract, exemplary damages,

declaratory judgment, and injunctive relief. Tehuti does not cite to any pleading in the record

alleging these claims, and it does not appear from the record that he brought them in this case.

See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i) (argument in appellant’s brief must contain appropriate citations to

the record). However, even if he did attempt to bring them in this case, except for claims for

damages incurred during the pendency of the appeal in county court, counterclaims are not

permitted in suits for forcible detainer but must be brought in separate suits. TEX. R. CIV. P.

510.3(e), 510.11. The claims Tehuti asserts in his brief were not for damages incurred during the

pendency of the appeal in county court. Therefore, to the extent Tehuti actually brought any

counterclaims in this case and that the trial court denied them, we conclude the court did not err

by denying those claims. We overrule Tehuti’s third through eleventh issues.

                                         CONCLUSION

       We affirm the trial court’s judgment.




                                                      /Lana Myers/
                                                      LANA MYERS
140126F.P05                                           JUSTICE




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                                         S
                                 Court of Appeals
                          Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                        JUDGMENT

Sheik Tehuti, Appellant                              On Appeal from the County Court at Law
                                                     No. 3, Dallas County, Texas
No. 05-14-00126-CV          V.                       Trial Court Cause No. CC-13-06496-C.
                                                     Opinion delivered by Justice Myers. Chief
Trans-Atlas Financial, Inc., Appellee                Justice Wright and Justice Evans
                                                     participating.

     In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED.

       It is ORDERED that appellee Trans-Atlas Financial, Inc. recover its costs of this appeal
from appellant Sheik Tehuti.


Judgment entered this 12th day of March, 2015.




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