           IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT United States Court of Appeals
                                                   Fifth Circuit

                                                                            FILED
                                                                           April 22, 2008
                                     No. 07-30879
                                   Summary Calendar                   Charles R. Fulbruge III
                                                                              Clerk




DAVID M. SOLIS,

                                                  Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                  Defendant-Appellee.




                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Eastern District of Louisiana
                                No. 2:06-CV-2805




Before REAVLEY, SMITH, and BARKSDALE, Circuit Judges..
PER CURIAM:*


       David Solis sued under the Federal Tort Claims Act (“FTCA”), 28 U.S.C.
§§ 2671 et seq., for damages resulting from an alleged failure on the part of the



       *
         Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
                                  No. 07-30879

Veterans Administration Medical Center (“VAMC”) to inform him that he had
tested positive for the Hepatitis C virus. The district court granted the United
States summary judgment. We affirm.


                                        I.
      Solis had a longstanding history of substance abuse, dating to at least
1981, when he was discharged from the Army. He sought rehabilitation on nu-
merous occasions. His medical records indicate that from January 1992 to May
1993, he participated in the Methadone Maintenance Program (“MMC”). He re-
turned to the MMC in early 1996, and remained there until August 2001.
      The administrator of the MMC regularly checked the patients for Hepati-
tis A, B, and C, because most had participated in high-risk activities such as in-
travenous drug use. The laboratory results indicated on two occasions that Solis
had Hepatitis C. He first tested positive in 1999 but was not informed of that
diagnosis. He tested positive again in May 2001 after manifesting signs of ad-
vanced liver disease. The VAMC informed him of that result.
      Solis began treatment at the VAMC for cirrhosis immediately. He ulti-
mately decided to seek treatment at the Tulane Medical Center (“TMC”) in Janu-
ary 2002. When admitted to TMC, he informed Dr. Frederic Regenstein that he
had never used intravenous drugs but had a history of cocaine and alcohol abuse.
He did not mention his recent methadone treatment. He had a liver transplant
at TMC in September 2002.
      The Department of Veterans’ Affairs denied Solis’s FTCA claim in April
2006. Solis then sued.


                                       II.
      Summary judgment “should be rendered if the pleadings, the discovery
and disclosure materials on file, and any affidavits show that there is no genuine


                                        2
                                        No. 07-30879

issue as to any material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a
matter of law.” FED. R. CIV. P. 56(c). “A dispute regarding a material fact is
‘genuine’ if the evidence would permit a reasonable jury to return a verdict in fa-
vor of the nonmoving party.” Roberson v. Alltel Info. Servs., 373 F.3d 647, 651
(5th Cir. 2004) (citing Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986)).
We review summary judgment de novo, applying the same standard as did the
district court. Alvarado v. Texas Rangers, 492 F.3d 605, 611 (5th Cir. 2007). All
facts are construed in favor of the non-movant. Id.
       Liability under the FTCA is determined by the law of the state where the
act or omission occurred. 28 U.S.C. § 1346(b); Hatahley v. United States, 351
U.S. 173, 180 (1956). Under Louisiana law, a claim for negligence arising out of
medical malpractice must establish (1) the degree of knowledge or skill that
must be possessed by a health care provider in the field in question; (2) that the
health provider’s treatment fell below the ordinary standard of care expected;
and (3) that a causal relationship existed between the alleged negligent treat-
ment and the injuries sustained. LA. REV. STAT. ANN. § 9:2794 (2003). Courts
look to expert witnesses to determine the requisite degree of knowledge the
health provider must possess and whether it exercised reasonable care or dili-
gence.1 Levron v. State, 673 So. 2d 279, 285 (La. App. 4th Cir.), writ denied, 679


       1
         Solis urges that this case falls into the exception set forth in Hastings v. Baton Rouge
Gen. Hosp., 498 So. 2d 713, 719 (La. 1986), which does not require an expert report “[w]hen
a physician does an obviously negligent act, such as fracturing a leg during an examination;
amputating the wrong arm; carelessly dropping a knife, scalpel, or acid on a patient; or leaving
a sponge in a patient’s body.” We note, however that Louisiana courts have not extended this
list. See, e.g., Cockerham v. LaSalle Nursing Home, Inc., 930 So. 2d 239, 246 (La. App. 3d Cir.)
(holding that plaintiff was required to submit expert report even where alleged negligence in-
volved improper replacement of gastric tube), writ denied, 937 So. 2d 391 (La. 2006).

        We cannot conclude that the consequences of a failure to inform of a Hepatitis C diagno-
sis is of such obvious negligence that courts and juries do not need the guidance of medical
experts. As the United States’ expert report noted, failure to inform Solis of his diagnosis was
not a breach of the standard of care, because Solis was already manifesting signs of advanced
                                                                                    (continued...)

                                                3
                                        No. 07-30879

So. 2d 1387 (La.), and writ denied, 679 So. 2d 1391 (La. 1996).
       We determine that Solis did not submit a timely or proper expert report
and therefore could not meet his burden. Rule 26(a)(2)(B) carefully details the
requirements for expert reports in federal courts. The document on which Solis
relies, Regenstein’s admitting report, is not an expert report.2 Moreover, the doc-
ument does not contain Regenstein’s opinion as to the applicable standard of
care at the VAMC, that the VAMC breached any such standard, or that any
breach of the standard was cause of Solis’s need for a liver transplant. Solis
therefore could not, as a matter of law, give the district court guidance into the
proper standard of care or any alleged negligence. Without these, he could not
satisfy his burden.
       AFFIRMED.




       1
          (...continued)
liver disease and would have needed a transplant anyway. In other words, we would need con-
flicting expert testimony to demonstrate why the failure to inform Solis of his Hepatitis C diag-
nosis was a breach of the duty of care.
       2
        See FED. R. CIV. P. 26(a)(2)(B) (requiring, inter alia, the qualifications of the witness
and any compensation to be paid for the testimony, which are missing in the admission report).

                                               4
