                               Fourth Court of Appeals
                                      San Antonio, Texas
                                  MEMORANDUM OPINION
                                         No. 04-16-00055-CV

                              IN THE INTEREST OF W.T.H., a Child

                      From the 81st Judicial District Court, Karnes County, Texas
                                 Trial Court No. 15-06-00125-CVK
                             Honorable Donna S. Rayes, Judge Presiding

Opinion by:       Sandee Bryan Marion, Chief Justice

Sitting:          Sandee Bryan Marion, Chief Justice
                  Karen Angelini, Justice
                  Irene Rios, Justice

Delivered and Filed: February 15, 2017

AFFIRMED

           In the underlying case, Kevin F., the maternal grandfather of the child W.T.H., obtained an

order from a Texas court appointing him nonparent sole managing conservator of W.T.H. and

W.T.H.’s sister after the death of W.T.H.’s mother and father. The paternal grandmother, Penny

H., filed a plea to the jurisdiction. The Texas court granted the plea and determined a court in the

State of Wisconsin has continuing jurisdiction over W.T.H. Kevin F. appeals from that order. We

affirm.
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                                                BACKGROUND 1

           Two siblings, K.J.F. and W.T.H., originally resided in Outagamie County, Wisconsin, with

their mother (Shauni) and W.T.H’s father (Travis). 2 Although Shauni and Travis lived together in

Wisconsin, they were never legally married. At the time of W.T.H.’s birth in Outagamie County

on April 20, 2012, Shauni was legally married to another man, but Travis stipulated he was

W.T.H.’s father. A Stipulation and Judgment of Paternity, signed by Shauni and Travis, attesting

to this fact was entered in an Outagamie County, Wisconsin, court.

           Travis died on January 2, 2015. On or about January 13 or 18, 2015, Shauni and both

children moved to Karnes County, Texas, where they resided with Shauni’s father, Kevin F. 3

Shauni died on May 22, 2015. At that time, W.T.H. went to live with his maternal aunt (Chelsei)

in Wilson County, Texas. K.J.F., who has special needs requiring frequent and specialized care,

continued to live with Kevin F. The underlying suit in Texas commenced on June 2, 2015, when

Kevin F. filed a petition in Karnes County, Texas, for grandparent possession, access and/or

custody of K.J.F. and W.T.H. At the time of the petition, K.J.F. was five years old and W.T.H.

was three years old. The scant record before us does not indicate who, if anyone, was given notice

of Kevin F.’s petition or who appeared in the case. On July 7, 2015, the Texas trial court signed




1
  Because appellant did not request a reporter’s record, the “Background” facts are taken from pleadings contained in
the clerk’s record in this appeal. Appellant attached several documents to his brief, which we cannot consider because
they are not part of the record on appeal. See TEX. R. APP. P. 34.1 (describing contents of appellate record); Save Our
Springs All., Inc. v. City of Dripping Springs, 304 S.W.3d 871, 892 (Tex. App.—Austin 2010, pet. denied) (“We are
limited to the appellate record provided.”); Myer v. Cuevas, 119 S.W.2d 830, 836 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2003, no
pet.) (appellate court must determine appeal based on appellate record and cannot consider documents attached as
exhibits or appendices to briefs). Despite an order to appellee stating an appellee’s brief was due, she did not file a
brief.
2
    The identity of K.J.F.’s father is unknown. K.J.F. was born on June 13, 2010.
3
 Pleadings in the clerk’s record on appeal state different dates for Shauni’s move to Texas. In his appellant’s brief,
Kevin F.’s counsel states Shauni moved to Texas on or about January 13, 2015. In an affidavit filed by Penny H.
contained in the clerk’s record, she contended Shauni moved to Texas on or about January 18, 2015.

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an Order in Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship appointing Kevin F. as nonparent sole

managing conservator of both children.

           In the meantime, on June 24, 2015, in Outagamie County, Wisconsin, W.T.H.’s paternal

grandmother, Penny H., filed a petition for permanent guardianship of W.T.H. Kevin F. and

Chelsei filed an answer in that proceeding. In the answer, Kevin F. informed the Wisconsin court

of the July 7, 2015 Order in Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship issued by the Texas court

and he asserted the Texas court had jurisdiction to decide the matter. In an attached affidavit,

Kevin F. alleged he was in the process of finding new housing for himself and the children, and,

in the interim, W.T.H. was residing with Chelsei.

           On September 18, 2015, Penny H. filed an original petition for bill of review in the Texas

court asking that court to vacate its July 7, 2015 Order in Suit Affecting the Parent-Child

Relationship. 4 On October 27, 2015, the Texas court granted Penny H.’s bill of review, set aside

its July 7, 2015 order, severed W.T.H.’s case from K.J.F.’s case, and granted a new trial as to

W.T.H. only. 5 Thereafter, Penny H. filed a plea to the jurisdiction in W.T.H’s case, asserting the

Wisconsin court had continuing jurisdiction over W.T.H. and asking the Texas court to dismiss

Kevin F.’s petition.

           In her plea to the jurisdiction, Penny H. alleged the Wisconsin court first established

continuing jurisdiction over W.T.H. based on the Stipulation and Judgment of Paternity signed by

the Wisconsin court on November 22, 2013. Penny H. also alleged that, when Kevin F. filed his

petition for grandparent possession, access, and/or custody, W.T.H. had not resided in Texas for

the required six months and temporary emergency jurisdiction was never requested.


4
 When Penny H. informed the Wisconsin court that she would be filing a bill of review in the Texas proceeding, the
Wisconsin court continued the case pending before it.
5
    The bill of review is not the subject of this appeal.

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         On January 6, 2016, the Texas court signed an order granting Penny H.’s plea to the

jurisdiction. In its order, the court (1) stated it had conferred with the Outagamie County Probate

Court, (2) found that the Wisconsin court had continuing jurisdiction over W.T.H. “by virtue of”

the Stipulation and Judgment of Paternity, and (3) found that Texas did not become W.T.H.’s home

state prior to any filing in Karnes County, Texas. Kevin F. now appeals from that order.

                                                JURISDICTION

         On appeal, Kevin F. argues the Wisconsin court lost jurisdiction over any child support

proceeding because both parents are deceased, 6 and the Wisconsin court had no jurisdiction over

any custody order because “the custody matter . . . was not decided in Wisconsin since the parents

lived together.” Kevin F. concludes that, because the Texas court signed the July 7, 2015 Order

in Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship, it retained continuing exclusive jurisdiction and

erred in granting Penny H.’s plea to the jurisdiction. We disagree.

         Contrary to Kevin F.’s contention on appeal, the Stipulation and Judgment of Paternity

signed by the Wisconsin court provided for W.T.H.’s custody by stating as follows: “Legal custody

of the child is granted to the parties jointly.” Therefore, the Wisconsin court made a custody

determination as to W.T.H. Although both of W.T.H.’s parents are now deceased, the Wisconsin

court has exclusive, continuing jurisdiction over a child custody determination “until any of the

following occurs: (a) a Wisconsin court “determines that neither the child, nor the child and one

parent, nor the child and a person acting as a parent have a significant connection with [Wisconsin]

and that substantial evidence is no longer available in [Wisconsin] concerning the child’s care,


6
  The Wisconsin Stipulation and Judgment of Paternity states: “No current child support is ordered at this time based
on the parties residing together.” Kevin F. relies on In re Hattenbach, 999 S.W.2d 636, 639 (Tex. App.—Waco 1999,
no pet.), which held “Both the Texas and Florida versions of the UIFSA provide that a court which issues a child
support order retains continuing, exclusive jurisdiction over that order ‘as long as this state remains the residence of
the obligor, the individual obligee, or the child for whose benefit the support order is issued.’” In re Hattenbach
provides no guidance here because child support is not at issue in this appeal.


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protection, training, and personal relationships” or a Wisconsin court “or a court of another state

determines that the child, the child’s parents, and all persons acting as parents do not presently

reside in [Wisconsin].” WIS. STAT. ANN. § 822.22 (West 2015). To date, neither a Wisconsin

court nor a Texas court has made any determination under the Wisconsin statute.

        The trial court also found that Texas was not W.T.H.’s home state prior to any filing by

Kevin F. in a Texas court. On appeal, Kevin F. asserts Texas Family Code “Section[s] 152.201

and 152.203 indicate[] that the child custody matter should be determined in Texas.” This single

sentence in the appellate brief is not supported by any reference to case law, to specific subsections

of sections 152.201 or 152.203, or to the record on appeal. Nevertheless, we will address, to the

degree the record allows us to do so, whether the Texas court had jurisdiction under either section.

        Section 152.203 of the Texas Family Code’s Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and

Enforcement Act (“the UCCJEA”) provides that a Texas court “may not modify a child custody

determination made by a court of another state unless a court of this state has jurisdiction to make

an initial determination under Section 152.201(a)(1) or (2) . . ..” TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 152.203

(West 2014). Section 152.201 dictates when a Texas court has jurisdiction to make “an initial

child custody determination.” See TEX. FAM. CODE § 152.201(b) (“Subsection (a) is the exclusive

jurisdictional basis for making a child custody determination by a court of this state.”). 7

        A Texas court has jurisdiction to make an initial child custody determination only if one of

four bases of jurisdiction applies under section 152.201(a). Temporary emergency jurisdiction

does not apply here because Kevin F. did not seek such relief. Therefore, a court of this state has

jurisdiction under section 152.201(a) to make an initial child custody determination only if:

        (1) this state is the home state of the child on the date of the commencement of the
        proceeding, or was the home state of the child within six months before the

7
 The Wisconsin version of the UCCJEA contains identical statutes. See WIS. STAT. ANN. §§ 822.21, 822.23 (West
2016).

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       commencement of the proceeding and the child is absent from this state but a parent
       or person acting as a parent continues to live in this state;

       (2) a court of another state does not have jurisdiction under Subdivision (1), or a
       court of the home state of the child has declined to exercise jurisdiction on the
       ground that this state is the more appropriate forum under Section 152.207 or
       152.208, and:

               (A) the child and the child’s parents, or the child and at least one
               parent or a person acting as a parent, have a significant connection
               with this state other than mere physical presence; and
               (B) substantial evidence is available in this state concerning the
               child’s care, protection, training, and personal relationships;

       (3) all courts having jurisdiction under Subdivision (1) or (2) have declined to
       exercise jurisdiction on the ground that a court of this state is the more appropriate
       forum to determine the custody of the child under Section 152.207 or 152.208; or

       (4) no court of any other state would have jurisdiction under the criteria specified
       in Subdivision (1), (2), or (3).

Id. § 152.201(a).

       The UCCJEA prioritizes “home state” jurisdiction. See id. § 152.201(a)(1); In re Dean,

393 S.W.3d 741, 746 (Tex. 2012) (orig. proceeding); Powell v. Stover, 165 S.W.3d 322, 325 (Tex.

2005). In determining where a child lived for purposes of establishing home state jurisdiction,

courts focus on the child’s “physical presence” in a state, not the legal residency of the child’s

parents. Powell, 165 S.W.3d at 326-28. The Family Code defines “home state” to mean:

       the state in which a child lived with a parent or a person acting as a parent for at
       least six consecutive months immediately before the commencement of a child
       custody proceeding. . . . A period of temporary absence of a parent or a person
       acting as a parent is part of the period.

TEX. FAM. CODE § 152.102(7).

       “[T]he operative date for determining whether Texas has jurisdiction is the date the suit

was filed in Texas.” In re Walker, 428 S.W.3d 212, 219 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2014,

orig. proceeding) (internal quotation marks omitted); see also TEX. FAM. CODE § 152.102(5)



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(“‘Commencement’ means the filing of the first pleading in a proceeding.”). Accordingly, we

must determine whether Texas was W.T.H.’s “home state” on the date Kevin F. filed his petition.

        As the petitioner, Kevin F. had the burden to allege facts establishing the trial court’s

jurisdiction under the UCCJEA. See Barabarawi v. Rayyan, 406 S.W.3d 767, 773 (Tex. App.—

Houston [14th Dist.] 2013, no pet.). Using the earliest possible date that Shauni and her children

took up residence in Texas—January 13, 2015—W.T.H. had resided in Texas less than five months

by the time Kevin F. filed his petition on June 2, 2015. Therefore, the trial court did not err in

finding Texas was not W.T.H.’s home state on the date of the commencement of the Texas

proceeding.

        Because Texas was not W.T.H.’s home state when Kevin F. filed his petition, we ordinarily

would next determine whether the Texas court could exercise jurisdiction under subsections (2),

(3), or (4) of section 152.201(a). However, in this case, we are prevented from doing so because

Kevin F.’s jurisdictional arguments under Family Code section 152.201(a)(2)-(4) are not briefed

and there is no reporter’s record on appeal. 8

                                     INCONVENIENT FORUM

        Kevin F. also argues the custody case should proceed in a Texas court because Wisconsin

is an inconvenient forum. Kevin F. relies on Texas Family Code section 152.207. However, that

section only applies when a Texas court has jurisdiction to make a child custody determination,

but declines to exercise that jurisdiction. TEX. FAM. CODE § 152.207(a) (“A court of this state

which has jurisdiction under this chapter to make a child custody determination may decline to

exercise its jurisdiction at any time if it determines that it is an inconvenient forum under the

circumstances and that a court of another state is a more appropriate forum.”). A Texas court may


8
  For the same reasons, we do not address whether the trial court had jurisdiction to modify a child custody
determination under section 152.203.

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not utilize section 152.207 to determine whether a court of another state that has jurisdiction over

the child is an inconvenient forum. Therefore, Kevin F. cannot rely on Texas Family Code section

152.207 to argue Wisconsin is an inconvenient forum. 9 Even if we were to apply the common law

forum non conveniens doctrine, there is no appellate record to support Kevin F.’s allegations on

appeal.

                                            OTHER ARGUMENTS

          On appeal, Kevin F. also asserts it is in W.T.H.’s best interest to remain in Texas, and an

order that includes both children cannot be declared void as to one child but not as to the other

child. Although we appreciate Kevin F.’s attempts to keep both siblings together, best interest is

not a factor in determining whether a court has subject-matter jurisdiction to make a child custody

determination, and the trial court severed the cases involving the two children, a ruling that is not

the subject of this appeal. 10

                                                  CONCLUSION

          Based upon the appellate record before this court and for the reasons stated above, we must

overrule Kevin F.’s issues on appeal and affirm the trial court’s “Order Granting [Penny H.’s] Plea

to the Jurisdiction.”

                                                            Sandee Bryan Marion, Chief Justice




9
  However, our opinion should not be interpreted as holding that Wisconsin is a convenient forum. Wisconsin has a
similar inconvenient forum statute under which the Wisconsin court could “decline to exercise its jurisdiction at any
time if it determines that it is an inconvenient forum under the circumstances and that a court of another state is a more
appropriate forum. The issue of inconvenient forum may be raised upon the motion of a party, the court’s own motion,
or the request of another court.” WIS. STAT. ANN. § 822.27(1) (West 2016).
10
   To the extent this is an attempt by Kevin F.’s counsel to challenge the severance order on appeal, counsel’s argument
is inadequately briefed. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i); WorldPeace v. Comm’n for Lawyer Discipline, 183 S.W.3d 451,
460 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, pet. denied) (concluding issue was inadequately briefed and thus waived).

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