Filed 3/28/14 P. v. Schnebly CA1/3
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              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                       FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                DIVISION THREE


THE PEOPLE,
          Plaintiff and Respondent,
                                                                     A136943
v.
ARONE SCHNEBLY,                                                      (Mendocino County
                                                                     Super. Ct. No. CR11-18566)
          Defendant and Appellant.


          In exchange for a 15-year prison sentence, Arone Schnebly pleaded no contest to
voluntary manslaughter while armed with a shotgun, attempted murder, and attempted
robbery. His appeal contests his obligations to pay attorney fees of $1,000, a presentence
report fee of $652, and a restitution fine of $3,600. He did not challenge the fees or fine
in the trial court, and we conclude that he thereby forfeited his ability to do so in this
appeal. He also has not shown that his counsel was ineffective for failing to object. We
affirm.
                                               I. BACKGROUND
          When counsel was appointed to represent him, Schnebly was not advised that he
could potentially be liable for attorney fees. The presentence report recommended
imposition of a $652 presentence report fee and a $3,600 restitution fine, but did not refer
to attorney fees.
          The report stated that Schnebly earned a GED in 1992. He worked as a
construction laborer from 2009 to 2011, and “off and on” as a security guard from 2001
to 2011. Next to “Current Income” and “Assets,” the report stated, “None.” Schnebly


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divorced in 2011, the year the crimes were committed. In a letter to the court attached to
the report, Schnebly said, “I had a family wife kids whom I supported but have since
los[t] because of this case.”
       At sentencing, defense counsel stated that he had discussed the presentence report
with Schnebly. Counsel did not object when the court imposed the $652 presentence
report fee and the $3,600 restitution fine as recommended in the report. The court told
Schnebly: “I’m going to impose an attorney’s fee of $1,000. You have the right to
contest that attorney’s fee before it becomes an order of the court. You’ll be served with
a piece of paper today that shows your rights in that regard. If you do not timely contest
that, it becomes a court order. [¶] Do you understand that with respect to the attorney’s
fee?” Schnebly answered, “Yeah. I won’t contest that.” The court said, “Okay,” and
moved on to other matters.
                                     II. DISCUSSION
A. Attorney Fees
       Schnebly argues that he was ordered to pay attorney fees without being afforded
due process.
       “ ‘[P]roceedings to assess attorney’s fees against a criminal defendant involve the
taking of property, and therefore require due process of law, including notice and a
hearing.’ ” (People v. Smith (2000) 81 Cal.App.4th 630, 637.) Penal Code section 987.8,
subdivision (f) requires that defendants be advised about their possible liability for the
fees of attorneys who will be appointed to represent them.1 The statute ensures,
consistent with due process, that “the defendant receive[s] ‘ “notice reasonably
       1
         The statute states: “Prior to the furnishing of counsel or legal assistance by the
court, the court shall give notice to the defendant that the court may, after a hearing,
make a determination of the present ability of the defendant to pay all or a portion of the
cost of counsel. The court shall also give notice that, if the court determines that the
defendant has the present ability, the court shall order him or her to pay all or a part of the
cost. The notice shall inform the defendant that the order shall have the same force and
effect as a judgment in a civil action and shall be subject to enforcement against the
property of the defendant in the same manner as any other money judgment.”
       Subsequent statutory references are to the Penal Code.


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calculated, under all the circumstances” ’ to apprise him of the potential of his liability
for the costs of legal representation and of the possible effects of an order to pay such
costs.” (People v. Smith, supra, 81 Cal.App.4th at p. 637.)
          Although Schnebly was not given advance notice of his possible fee liability, any
deprivation of due process was rectified at the sentencing hearing when the court advised
Schnebly that he could contest the attorney fee order before it was imposed.
          Schnebly’s argument also fails because the record does not establish that he was
ordered at sentencing to pay the attorney fees. Rather, the court said that payment of fees
would “become[] a court order” if it was not timely contested. (Italics added.) Schnebly
complains about “the court’s springing the matter on [him] at the last minute,” when he
had no “opportunity to consult with his attorney as to the grounds on which he could
oppose such an order, such as lack of notice and lack of ability to pay . . . .” But this
argument assumes that an attorney fee order was a fait accompli when Schnebly told the
court he would not contest it, and that is not how we read the transcript. The court did
not make a fee order after Schnebly’s statement. It left the matter open, leaving Schnebly
free to change his mind, with or without the advice of counsel, and object to the fees.
There is no indication that he ever did.
          Accordingly, there was no error involving attorney fees.
B. Presentence Report Fee
          Schnebly contends that the order for payment of the presentence report fee must
be reversed because the court did not follow statutory procedures before imposing it.
Section 1203.1b, subdivision (a) requires that the probation officer or an authorized
representative determine the defendant’s ability to pay, and that the defendant be advised
of the right to a court hearing to dispute that determination. However, we agree with the
decision in People v. Snow (2013) 219 Cal.App.4th 1148, 1151, that a defendant forfeits
an appellate challenge to this fee by failing to first challenge it in the trial court. Here, as
in Snow, Schnebly “had adequate notice that the cost[] of the report . . . would be
imposed but objected to [it] neither in writing or orally and never requested a hearing.”
(Ibid.)


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       In reaching its conclusion, the Snow court persuasively relied on People v.
McCullough (2013) 56 Cal.4th 589 (McCullough). McCullough held that “a defendant
who fails to contest [a jail] booking fee when the court imposes it forfeits the right to
challenge it on appeal.” (Id. at p. 591.) McCullough concluded that a “defendant’s
ability to pay the booking fee . . . does not present a question of law,” and “because a
court’s imposition of a booking fee is confined to factual determinations, a defendant
who fails to challenge the sufficiency of the evidence at the proceeding when the fee is
imposed may not raise the challenge on appeal.” (Id. at p. 597.)
       This reasoning disposes of Schnebly’s contention that the report fee must be
vacated because there was no substantial evidence that he could pay it. However,
Schnebly maintains that he is also raising a legal, not factual, issue in arguing that he was
erroneously denied “the procedural protections specified by section 1203.1b.” We reject
this argument under the reasoning of McCullough: “Defendant may not ‘transform . . . a
factual claim into a legal one by asserting the record’s deficiency as a legal error.’
[Citation.] By ‘failing to object on the basis of his [ability] to pay,’ defendant forfeits
both his claim of factual error and the dependent claim challenging ‘the adequacy of the
record on that point.’ [Citations.]” (McCullough, supra, 56 Cal.4th at p. 597.)
Schnebly’s procedural objection is that his ability to pay was never determined as
required by the statute, but the failure to make such “factual determinations” in
connection with a fee cannot be raised for the first time on appeal. (Ibid.)
       Schnebly further argues that, if his challenge to the report fee was forfeited, then
his counsel was ineffective for failing to preserve it by objecting in the trial court. “ ‘To
the extent the record on appeal fails to disclose why counsel acted or failed to act in the
manner challenged, we will affirm the judgment “unless counsel was asked for an
explanation and failed to provide one, or unless there simply could be no satisfactory
explanation . . . .” ’ ” (People v. Hart (1999) 20 Cal.4th 546, 623–624.) Counsel stated
that he and Schnebly discussed the presentence report, which recommended that the fee
be imposed. Schnebly told the court that he did not intend to contest the attorney fee
order, and the thrust of his letter to the court was that he wanted to take full responsibility


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for his actions. Thus, Schnebly could well have instructed counsel not to contest the fee,
and nothing in the record suggests otherwise. Since there could have been a satisfactory
explanation for counsel’s omission, the ineffective assistance claim must be rejected.
C. Restitution Fine
       Schnebly contends that when the court ordered him to pay the $3,600 restitution
fine it erroneously failed to consider whether he could afford to pay more than the $240
minimum for such fines. (§ 1202.4, subd. (d).) Schnebly also forfeited this challenge by
failing to object at his sentencing. (People v. Nelson (2011) 51 Cal.4th 198, 227; People
v. Gamache (2010) 48 Cal.4th 347, 409.) His related ineffective assistance of counsel
and substantial evidence arguments lack merit for the reasons we have stated with respect
to the presentence report fee.
                                   III. DISPOSITION
       The judgment is affirmed.

                                                 _________________________
                                                 Siggins, J.


We concur:


_________________________
McGuiness, P.J.


_________________________
Jenkins, J.




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