                      IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                     No. 16-1268
                               Filed October 12, 2016


IN THE INTEREST OF D.S.,
Minor Child,

C.V., Father,
       Appellant.
________________________________________________________________


          Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Jasper County, Steven J.

Holwerda, District Associate Judge.



          A father appeals the order terminating his parental rights. AFFIRMED.




          Nicholas A. Bailey of Bailey Law Firm, P.L.C.C., Altoona, for appellant

father.

          Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Jonathan D. Noble and Janet L.

Hoffman, Assistant Attorneys General, for appellee State.

          Meegan M. Langmaid-Keller of Kellar Law Office, P.C. , Altoona, for minor

child.




          Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Mullins and Bower, JJ.
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BOWER, Judge.

       A father appeals the order terminating his parental rights.1 We find the

father has not preserved error on the issues of sufficiency of the evidence and

the State’s reasonable efforts. We also find termination is in the best interests of

the child. Accordingly, we affirm.

    I. Background Facts & Proceedings

       D.S. was born premature in October 2015 and immediately removed from

the care of the mother, a quadriplegic living in a nursing home where the child

would not be allowed to reside, and the father, who has significant substance

abuse issues and who had been charged with dependent adult abuse against the

mother. As a result, D.S. was placed with the paternal grandmother.

       The juvenile court adjudicated D.S. a child in need of assistance (CINA) at

the end of October due to the father’s history of methamphetamine use, founded

reports of failure to care for the mother, and abuse of the mother’s medications.

The father was required to obtain substance-abuse and mental health

evaluations, participate in supervised visits, attend parenting classes, comply

with random drug testing, and follow the recommendations of the evaluations and

family services.

       The father’s mental health evaluation included previous diagnoses of

OCD2, ADHD3, and bipolar disorder.           Recommended treatment included

individual therapy and medication management.              The father completed


1
  The mother separately appealed but her appeal was denied as untimely. Therefore,
we will only address the termination in regards to the father.
2
  Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
3
  Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
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medication management but never attended therapy.            He also completed a

substance abuse evaluation, but did not complete treatment due to poor

attendance.    The father never completed parenting classes, again failing to

attend sessions or make contact with his parent partner. He did not fully comply

with random drug testing and tested positive during the evaluation period. His

only significant period of sobriety was during his incarceration.

       The father was arrested in March 2016 and charged with dependent adult

abuse for failure to care for the child’s mother. He pled guilty and was sentenced

to ten years in prison with no mandatory minimum.

       On June 23, 2016, the juvenile court entered an order terminating the

father’s parental rights pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(e), (h), (l)

(2015). The father now appeals.

   II. Standard of Review

       The standard of review for termination cases is de novo. In re D.W., 791

N.W.2d 703, 706 (Iowa 2010). There must be clear and convincing evidence in

order to establish grounds for termination. In re J.E., 723 N.W.2d 793, 798 (Iowa

2006). Clear and convincing evidence means there is no serious or substantial

doubt about the correctness of the conclusion drawn from the evidence. In re

D.D., 653 N.W.2d 359, 361 (Iowa 2002).            Our paramount concern in all

termination proceedings is the best interests of the child. In re L.L., 459 N.W.2d

489, 493 (Iowa 1990).

   III. Preservation of Errors

       The State claims the father failed to preserve all his claims by not offering

any evidence at the termination hearing and failing to cross-examine the
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witnesses on issues other than the mother’s ability to care for the child. We find

the father failed to preserve the issues of sufficiency of the evidence and the

State’s provision of reasonable efforts.4

          A. Sufficiency of the Evidence

       “As a general rule, an issue not presented in the juvenile court may not be

raised for the first time on appeal.” In re T.J.O., 527 N.W.2d 417, 420 (Iowa Ct.

App. 1994). The father made no motions on this point prior to the termination nor

did the father testify, offer exhibits, object, or cross examine witnesses regarding

the sufficiency of the evidence at the termination hearing. Therefore, we will not

consider this issue.

          B. Reasonable Efforts

       The father briefly mentions reasonable efforts for reunification were not

made by the State. Parents are required to challenge the reasonableness of the

services and efforts of the State prior to the termination hearing. See In re C.D.,

508 N.W.2d 97, 101 (Iowa Ct. App. 1993). Juvenile court orders dated October

6, October 16, October 30, and December 17, 2015 make general findings that

reasonable efforts were made by the State. The father never challenged the

reasonableness of the efforts until this appeal. Any challenge to the case plan

must be made before the termination hearing.          Id.   Therefore, we will not

consider this issue.




4
  Even if these issues had been properly preserved our opinion would remain
unchanged.
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             C. Additional Time

       The father claims the juvenile court erred in not continuing the case for six

months to allow him to work towards reunification with the child.           We are

unconvinced the grounds for D.S.’s removal would be resolved if an additional six

months were granted. The father has consistently shown an inability to care for

himself, let alone the child. Ample services were provided, which he failed to

use. Except when incarcerated, the father has failed to maintain sobriety and

failed to make use of addiction services available to him. He claims he may be

paroled on the remainder of his ten-year sentence at any time. There is little

evidence, outside his statement, that parole is imminent. Even if parole were

imminent, the father does not have the skills or motivation to parent this child.

   IV. Best Interests of the Child

       The father claims termination is not in the best interests of the child. He

claims “[d]uring visitations both parents were appropriate and showed adequate

parenting skills” and that D.S. is closely bonded with the father. However, the

juvenile court found “[h]is visits have been ‘off and on’ . . . he has not made a

genuine effort to complete the responsibilities prescribed in the case plan . . . he

has not made a genuine effort to communicate with the child or maintain a place

of importance in the child’s life.” Again, the father is currently serving a ten-year

prison sentence for dependent adult abuse.         The father also struggled with

substance abuse issues up to the time of his incarceration, including taking

medication from the mother and chewing her pain medication patches. When

confronted about this abuse of the mother’s medications he “trashed the

property.”
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       We find it is clearly in the best interests of the child for the father’s parental

rights to be terminated. The child is still young and unaffected by the father’s

inability to care for himself, his wife, and the child. It is in D.S.’s best interests to

find a stable living situation as soon as possible. We refuse to ask the child to

wait for a parent to become stable, especially when past behavior indicates they

are unwilling and unable to change. See D.W., 791 N.W.2d at 707.

       AFFIRMED.
