                                 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 722

                 ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                        DIVISION II
                                       No. CV-14-424


TAIRA SIMMERING                                   Opinion Delivered   December 17, 2014
                               APPELLANT
                                                  APPEAL FROM THE SALINE
V.                                                COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
                                                  [NO. 63DR-12-746-1]

TADD SIMMERING                                    HONORABLE ROBERT HERZFELD,
                                  APPELLEE        JUDGE

                                                  REVERSED AND REMANDED



                           PHILLIP T. WHITEAKER, Judge

       Taira Simmering appeals a Saline County Circuit Court order dismissing her motion

for change of custody, challenging (1) the trial court’s denial of her right to a hearing on the

merits of the motion at the conclusion of an emergency hearing, (2) its failure to use the date

of the last order of custody as the relevant date for change-of-custody purposes, and (3) its

conclusion that there had not been a material change in circumstances. Because we find that

the trial court improperly dismissed Taira’s motion without a hearing on the merits, we

reverse and remand for a full hearing on her motion for a change of custody.

       The parties, Taira and Tadd Simmering, have a short-term but active litigation history.

They were divorced in July 2012. The divorce decree provided for joint custody of the

parties’ only child, T.S., with Taira being the primary custodian. In May 2013, the trial court

granted Tadd’s request for a change of custody. The order gave Tadd sole custody of T.S.,

set child support, and provided that Taira’s visitation would be at Tadd’s discretion.
                                 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 722

       In July 2013, Taira filed a motion to modify visitation and child support. An agreed

order was entered on October 21, 2013, modifying child support and providing for set

visitation for Taira. Custody remained with Tadd.

       Approximately one month later, Taira filed a “Verified Motion for Emergency

Custody.” This verified pleading requested custody of the child temporarily based on

allegations of an emergency. It also sought custody of the child permanently based on

allegations of a material change of circumstances.

       An emergency hearing was held on December 4, 2013.            Because Taira had been

unable to serve Tadd with the motion, Tadd was not present at the hearing. Taira presented

evidence regarding the alleged emergency facts. Specifically, Taira presented evidence (1) that

Tadd was suffering from anger issues and had accosted her at a local restaurant; (2) that in

October 2013, Tadd was intoxicated and had physically battered Taira in front of the child;

(3) that Tadd was facing criminal charges as a result of the attack; (4) that Tadd had not

maintained stable housing and was currently residing with a friend; (5) that Tadd had alcohol

issues and had been arrested for DWI in May 2013 and was consuming alcohol while the child

was present; and (6) that Tadd had been terminated from his employment and was currently

unemployed.      The trial court entered an emergency order granting custody to Taira.

However, the court noted that it had a potential conflict and transferred the case to another

division.

       Another hearing on the emergency motion was held on December 18, 2013, in front

of a different judge. Both parties were present and presented evidence solely on the issue of


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emergency custody.1 Taira reiterated the testimony and evidence presented at the previous

emergency hearing. In addition to the previous evidence, she expounded upon Tadd’s alleged

alcohol issues with testimony about another incident that occurred during the summer of

2013, and reported that the child had been injured after Tadd allowed him to ride on a four-

wheeler unrestrained during the spring of 2013.2

       At the close of the evidence the trial court found that an emergency did not exist and

dissolved the previous emergency order by the court. Instead of ending its order there,

however, the court dismissed the entire motion over Taira’s objection, finding that a material

change in circumstance had not occurred since the October 21, 2013 visitation order had

been entered. Taira appeals this order.

       Taira argues on appeal that the trial court erred in summarily dismissing her motion

for change of custody without a full hearing. We agree. Taira filed a verified pleading

seeking emergency relief pursuant to Rule 65 of the Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure, and

the court conducted hearings pursuant to that rule. In this type of request for emergency


       1
         The limited nature of the hearing is revealed several times in the record. At one
point, the court asked, “What’s happened since October 10 that would cause there to be an
emergency.” Then, in ruling on the relevance of certain evidence, the court asked “What’s
the relevance? . . . For an emergency.” Then during the direct examination of Taira’s mother,
counsel for Tadd objected stating, “I’m going to object to anything that’s not relevant to the
emergency motion filed against my client. This is not a regular custody case, and I just think
that this testimony is irrelevant.” The court responded, “It’s not irrelevant, but you can keep
it shorter. It’s relevant because, if I did find there was an emergency, what is appropriate
placement, but let’s keep it tight.”
       2
       In her verified motion, Taira alleged that Tadd was allowing women to spend the
night while the child was present, and that the child was primarily residing with relatives since
June 2013. No evidence of these allegations was received at either emergency hearing.

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relief, temporary relief may be provided upon proof of immediate or irreparable harm without

emergency intervention by the court. See Ark. R. Civ. P. 65; see also Ark. Code Ann. § 9-

19-204 (Repl. 2009); 28 U.S.C.A. § 1738A(c)(2)(C); and Perez v. Tanner 332 Ark. 356, 965

S.W.2d 90 (1998) (stating that a jurisdictional basis for emergency relief under the Uniform

Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act and the federal Parental Kidnapping

Prevention Act is available only in extraordinary or extreme situations where the immediate

health and welfare of the child is threatened). In order for Taira to prevail in her request for

emergency relief, the standard is high: immediate or irreparable harm. This is a wholly

different type of proof than what is necessary for purposes of determining whether a

permanent modification of custody is justified. A non-temporary change-of-custody order

need not be made upon a showing of imminent harm but only upon a showing of a material

change in circumstances. See Singletary v. Singletary, 2013 Ark. 506, 431 S.W.3d 234. Thus,

there could conceivably be evidence that might not rise to a level sufficient to prove an

emergency, but might still be sufficient to support a finding of a material change of

circumstances.

       Here, it is clear from the record that the trial court received evidence only on the

emergency motion, and Taira was limited to presenting evidence as to those facts constituting

an emergency. Yet, the trial court not only denied her request for an emergency temporary

order, but also summarily denied her request for a permanent order. As a result, she was

denied the opportunity to present evidence on her alternative request for a permanent change




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in custody. This was error, and we must reverse and remand to allow Taira to present her

evidence on her motion to modify custody.

       Because the case is remanded for further evidentiary consideration, we need not decide

at this time whether the evidence was sufficient to support a material change of circumstances.

However, because the issue will arise on remand, we note (and the parties agree) that the trial

court incorrectly utilized the date of the most recent visitation order rather than the date of

the last custody order to determine whether a material change in circumstances existed to

support modification. A party seeking to modify custody must prove that a material change

of circumstances has occurred since the last order of custody or that material facts existed at the

time of the decree that were unknown to the court. Lloyd v. Butts, 343 Ark. 620, 37 S.W.3d

603 (2001) (emphasis added). The material change in circumstances that must be proved in

order to modify custody does not have to occur from the date of the last hearing in the case;

rather, the changes must occur from the time of the last custody order. See Gerot v. Gerot, 76

Ark. App. 138, 61 S.W.3d 890 (2001); Hollinger v. Hollinger, 65 Ark. App. 110, 986 S.W.2d

105 (1999).

       Reversed and remanded.

       GLADWIN, C.J., and HIXSON, J., agree.

       Jensen Young & Houston, PLLC, by: Brent Houston, for appellant.

       Alexander Law Firm, by: Shana D. Alexander, for appellee.




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