                     In the Missouri Court of Appeals
                             Eastern District
                                        DIVISION ONE

STATE OF MISSOURI,                               )         No. ED99719
                                                 )
       Respondent,                               )         Appeal from the Circuit Court
                                                 )         of the City of St. Louis
       vs.                                       )         1022-CR02286-01
                                                 )
HUGHES MARTINE,                                  )         Honorable Rex M. Burlison
                                                 )
       Appellant.                                )         Filed: July 29, 2014

                                            OPINION

       Hughes Martine appeals the judgment entered upon a jury verdict convicting him of the

class A felony of second-degree trafficking. We affirm.

                                        I. BACKGROUND

       On May 2, 2010, police officers James Wurm and Kristopher Hunt were on patrol when

they observed a black Pontiac Bonneville with no license plate. The officers activated their car's

lights and sirens and the Bonneville proceeded to drive for another one or two blocks before

pulling over. The officers got out of their car and as they were approaching the Bonneville, it

drove off at a high speed. The officers got back into their car and pursued the Bonneville until it

crashed into another car. As the officers approached the scene, Martine got out of the Bonneville

and ran. The officers followed, and Officer Wurm eventually apprehended Martine. Officer

Hunt inspected the Bonneville and he found a large bag containing 54 individual baggies which

had a substance appearing to be cocaine base.
        A criminalist with the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department Crime Laboratory

conducted a visual analysis of the substance and determined it was cocaine base. The criminalist

then took the substance out of the original packaging, tested it, and concluded that the substance

was in fact cocaine base with a gross weight of 8.68 grams.

        Martine was charged with the class A felony of second-degree trafficking and the cause

proceeded to a jury trial. During the trial, Martine filed a motion for judgment of acquittal which

the trial court denied. The jury found Martine guilty as charged, and the trial court entered a

judgment in accordance with the jury verdict. Martine was then sentenced to ten years of

imprisonment. Martine appeals.

                                      II.     DISCUSSION

        In his sole point on appeal, Martine argues there was insufficient evidence to support his

conviction for the class A felony of second-degree trafficking. We disagree.

        An appellate court reviews the sufficiency of the evidence by considering "whether, in

light of the evidence most favorable to the State, any rationale fact-finder could have found the

essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt." State v. Nash, 339 S.W.3d 500,

508-09 (Mo. banc 2011) (internal quotation omitted). We accept all evidence and inferences

therefrom favorable to the State as true, and all contrary evidence and inferences are disregarded.

Id. at 509.

        In this case, Martine argues there was insufficient evidence to support his conviction

because the State failed to show he possessed six grams or more of cocaine base. See section

195.223.3(2) RSMo Supp. 2002 (providing that second-degree trafficking is a class A felony

when a person possesses six grams or more of cocaine base); State v. Sills, 405 S.W.3d 631, 632

(Mo. App. E.D. 2013) (finding that the weight of the substance is an essential element of second-




                                                 2
degree trafficking). Martine specifically claims that the State was required to test the contents of

each individual baggie in order to prove he possessed more than six grams of cocaine base.

         Assuming arguendo that the criminalist tested only one of the 54 baggies found in

Martine's car, 1 Martine's argument fails under State v. Givens, 917 S.W.2d 215 (Mo. App. W.D.

1996) and preceding cases. In Givens, police officers found a bag on the defendant's person

containing seventeen smaller baggies which had a substance appearing to be cocaine base. Id. at

216. A forensic chemist subsequently tested the substance of one of the seventeen baggies and

concluded it was cocaine base. Id. at 216, 217. The defendant was then convicted of second-

degree trafficking for possessing more than two grams of cocaine base. Id. at 216. On appeal,

the defendant argued that the State was required to test the contents of each individual baggie in

order to prove he possessed more than two grams. Id. at 216-17. The Court rejected the

defendant's argument, holding that the State is not required to test all samples of a single

substance. Id. at 217; see also State v. Gibson, 856 S.W.2d 78, 79-80 (Mo. App. E.D. 1993)

(affirming conviction where only one of several chunks of crack cocaine was tested); State v.

Reinschmidt, 984 S.W.2d 189, 193 (Mo. App. S.D. 1998) ((abrogated on other grounds) (testing

three of fifteen sheets of paper containing LSD was sufficient for a reasonable juror to conclude

that all sheets contained LSD)).

         Here, the criminalist conducted a visual analysis of the substance and determined it was

cocaine base. Upon further analysis, the criminalist took the substance out of the original

packaging, tested it, and concluded that the substance was in fact cocaine base with an overall

weight of 8.68 grams. Based upon the above precedent, the State was not required to test the


1
  We note that nothing in the record indicates the criminalist tested only one of the 54 baggies found in Martine's
car. The criminalist testified at trial that "[the substance] was taken out [of individual packaging] to analyze and
then it was taken out also to weigh." The criminalist testified that based on her analysis, the substance was cocaine
base.


                                                          3
contents of each individual baggie in order to prove Martine possessed more than six grams of

cocaine base. Further, the 54 individual baggies were found inside one large bag, creating the

inference that all 54 baggies contained the same substance (cocaine base). Givens, 917 S.W.2d

at 217 (finding multiple baggies inside one large bag created an inference that the content of all

baggies was the same).

       Based on the foregoing, there was sufficient evidence for the jury to conclude beyond a

reasonable doubt that Martine possessed more than six grams of cocaine base. Point denied.

                                     III.    CONCLUSION

       The judgment convicting Martine of the class A felony of second-degree trafficking is

affirmed.



                                                        ________________________________
                                                        GLENN A. NORTON, Judge
Lawrence E. Mooney, P.J. and
Clifford H. Ahrens, J., concur




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