    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

STATE OF WASHINGTON,
                                                No. 72048-1-1
                     Respondent,                                                   C-1


                                                DIVISION ONE
              v.
                                                                                    OJ
                                                UNPUBLISHED OPINION
SEAN G. PATAYSINGH,

                     Appellant.                 FILED: August 3, 2015


      Trickey, J. — Sean Pataysingh appeals his conviction and sentence for first

degree assault. He contends that the trial court erred by failing to give a unanimity jury
instruction. We hold that a unanimity jury instruction was not required because the

evidence established an ongoing course of conduct. Accordingly, we affirm.
                                         FACTS

       On December 29, 2013, Luke Oakland went to a bar at a restaurant to watch a

football game. When the game was over, Oakland stepped outside the restaurant to chat
with a friend who had also been watching the football game. Suddenly, a stranger—later
identified as Pataysingh—approached Oakland and asked him if he had any change or
"any money."1 Oakland responded in the negative. Pataysingh demanded, "Where is my
money?", "Where is my fucking money?", and stabbed Oakland in the chest.2 Pataysingh
then began striking Oakland with his cane. Oakland's friend, who had been standing a
few feet away, seized the cane from Pataysingh.




1 1 Report of Proceedings (RP) at 76.
2 1 RP at 76-78.
No. 72048-1-1/2


       Shortly thereafter, law enforcement officers detained Pataysingh near the

restaurant.   Pataysingh agreed to be interviewed by the police. The interview was

recorded and transcribed.3

       In his statement to police detectives, Pataysingh gave divergent accounts of what

took place on the night in question. Initially, Pataysingh told the detectives that Oakland

instigated the confrontation and attempted to stab Pataysingh with a knife first. According

to this version of events, when Oakland approached Pataysingh with the knife,

Pataysingh was able to turn the knife toward Oakland and stabbed Oakland in self-

defense.

       The detectives told Pataysinghthat it was hard to believe hisstory because it would

have been very difficult to seize a knife from someone without getting injured, and
because eyewitnesses said they observed Pataysingh produce the knife. Pataysingh
then admitted he was in possession of the knife and removed it from his pocket when
Oakland lunged at him. He also stated that once he stabbed Oakland, Oakland pulled
the knife from his chest and attempted to stab Pataysingh with it, at which point
Pataysingh began beating Oakland with his cane. When the detectives again questioned
the veracity of this narrative, Pataysingh admitted that he initiated the assault. After
further questioning by the detectives, Pataysingh admitted that he attacked Oakland
because was angry about a debt that he believed Oakland owed him.
       The State charged Pataysingh with one count of first degree assaultwith a deadly
weapon. Ajury found Pataysingh guilty as charged and returned a special verdict form
finding that he was armed with a deadly weapon at the time of the commission of the

3Pataysingh did not testify attrial. The recording of the interview was played for the jury, and the
transcript was admitted for illustrative purposes only.
No. 72048-1-1/3


crime. The trial court imposed a standard range sentence of 147 months, plus 24 months

for the deadly weapon enhancement.

       Pataysingh appeals.

                                        ANALYSIS


       Pataysingh's sole contention on appeal is that the trial court erred by failing to

provide the jury a unanimity instruction. Specifically, Pataysingh maintains that there was
evidence of two distinct acts upon which jurors could have relied in rendering their guilty

verdict: the act of stabbing Oakland with a knife and the act of striking Oakland with a

cane. We disagree.

       Pataysingh did not propose a unanimity instruction at trial. However, "the right to
a unanimous verdict is derived from the fundamental constitutional right to a trial by jury

and thus may be raised for the first time on appeal." State v. Handvside, 42 Wn. App.
412, 415, 711 P.2d 379 (1985). The adequacy of jury instructions is a question of law
that we review de novo. State v. Boyd. 137 Wn. App. 910, 922, 155 P.3d 188 (2007)

(citing State v. Pirtle. 127 Wn.2d 628, 656, 904 P.2d 245 (1995)).
       Criminal defendants in Washington are entitled to a unanimous jury verdict. State
v. Orteaa-Martinez, 124 Wn.2d 702, 707, 881 P.2d 231 (1994). When the State presents

evidence of multiple acts that could each form the basis for one charged crime, the State
must choose which of the acts it relied on or the court must give a Petrich4 instruction to
the jury requiring them to agree on a specific criminal act. State v. Coleman, 159 Wn.2d
509,510-11,150 P.3d 1126(2007). If neither of these alternatives occurs, a constitutional
error arises because of the possibility that some jurors may have relied on one of the

4State v. Petrich, 101 Wn.2d 566, 683 P.2d 173 M9fi4V overruled on other grounds by Statev,
 Kitchen, 110 Wn.2d 403, 405-06, 756 P.2d 105 (1988).
No. 72048-1-1/4


criminal acts while other jurors relied on another, resulting in a lack of unanimity on all of

the elements necessary for a conviction. State v. Greathouse, 113 Wn. App. 889, 916,

56 P.3d 569 (2002) (citing Kitchen, 110 Wn.2d at 411).

       However, no unanimity instruction is required if the acts were part of a continuing

course of conduct. State v. Handran, 113 Wn.2d 11, 17, 775 P.2d 453 (1989), overruled

on other grounds by Kitchen, 110 Wn.2d 403. "To determine whether there is a continuing

course of conduct, we evaluate the facts in a commonsense manner, considering (1) the

time separating the criminal acts and (2) whether the criminal acts involved the same
parties, location, and ultimate purpose." State v. Brown, 159 Wn. App. 1, 14, 248 P.3d
518 (2010). "[E]vidence that a defendant engages in a series of actions intended to
secure the same objective supports the characterization ofthose actions as a continuing
course of conduct rather than several distinct acts." State v. Fiallo-Lopez, 78 Wn. App.

717, 724, 899 P.2d 1294 (1995).

       Pataysingh contends that a juror could have reasonably believed his initial
statements to the police of what took place that night—that he acted in self-defense when
he stabbed Oakland and that his act of hitting Oakland with his cane constituted assault

with a deadly weapon.5 But viewed in a common sense manner, it is clear that
Pataysingh's acts were part of a continuing course of conduct and, thus, neither a
unanimity instruction nor an election was required. The evidence adduced at trial
indicates that Pataysingh stabbed Oakland and immediately began striking him with his
cane. The assaults occurred in the same location and within a brief period of time—just


5 The jury was instructed that, "Deadly weapon means any weapon, device, instrument,
substance, or article, which under the circumstances in which it is used, attempted to be used, or
threatened to be used, is readily capable of causing death or substantial bodily harm." Clerk's
 Papers at 43.
No. 72048-1-1/5


moments apart, outside of the restaurant. The assaults involved the same assailant and

victim. They were also intended to carry out a common objective, which, according to

Pataysingh, was to coerce Oakland in order to be paid back an alleged debt owed. The

evidence demonstrates that Pataysingh's actions constituted a continuing course of

conduct rather than two distinct acts. The trial court was not required to give a multiple

acts unanimity instruction.

       Affirmed.




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WE CONCUR:
