                             2015 IL App (2d) 140331
                                   No. 2-14-0331
                          Opinion filed December 30, 2015
______________________________________________________________________________

                                              IN THE

                                APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

                              SECOND DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________

BAYVIEW LOAN SERVICING, LLC,             ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
                                         ) of Du Page County.
      Plaintiff and Counterdefendant-    )
      Appellee,                          )
                                         )
v.                                       ) No. 11-CH-3939
                                         )
DOMINIK SZPARA and LIDIA SZAREK,         )
                                         )
      Defendants and Counterplaintiffs-  )
      Appellants                         )
                                         ) Honorable
(Unknown Owners and Nonrecord Claimants, ) Robert G. Gibson,
Defendants).                             ) Judge, Presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________

        JUSTICE SPENCE delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
        Justices Zenoff and Burke concurred in the judgment and opinion.

                                            OPINION

¶1      Plaintiff, JPMorgan Chase Bank, NA, 1 filed a complaint to foreclose the mortgage on the

property of defendants, Dominik Szpara and Linda Szarek, at 122 East Lincoln Avenue,

Glendale Heights, Illinois (the Property). Defendants answered the complaint and raised four


        1
            Bayview Loan Servicing, LLC, was substituted for JPMorgan Chase Bank, NA, as

plaintiff in this action in a March 11, 2014, order. For simplicity’s sake, we shall refer to the two

entities collectively as plaintiff.
2015 IL App (2d) 140331


affirmative defenses and one counterclaim. Plaintiff moved to strike three of the affirmative

defenses and the counterclaim; one affirmative defense and the counterclaim were struck with

prejudice, and two affirmative defenses were struck without prejudice. Defendants amended

those two affirmative defenses. The two amended affirmative defenses were subsequently struck

with prejudice.

¶2      Plaintiff moved for summary judgment, and defendants responded by attacking the

sufficiency of plaintiff’s prove-up affidavit for the amounts due. The court granted summary

judgment for plaintiffs. Defendants now appeal the entry of summary judgment, the order

approving the sale, and the order striking their amended affirmative defenses. For the reasons

stated herein, we affirm.

¶3                                          I. BACKGROUND

¶4      Defendants obtained a mortgage on the Property on June 22, 2006, from Washington

Mutual Bank, FA. On March 29, 2011, defendants filed a Chapter 7 bankruptcy petition in the

Northern District of Illinois, case No. 11-12966. On April 15, 2011, the district court granted

plaintiff relief from the automatic stay.

¶5      On August 17, 2011, plaintiff filed a complaint to foreclose the mortgage on the Property.

The complaint alleged that defendants had failed to pay monthly installments due since July 1,

2010.

¶6      Defendants filed their answer on June 7, 2012. The answer contained four affirmative

defenses: (1) plaintiff failed to send defendants an acceleration letter prior to filing its complaint,

a condition precedent to foreclosure; (2) plaintiff violated section 15-1502.5 of the Code of Civil

Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/15-1502.5 (West 2010)) by failing to send a grace-period notice

prior to filing its complaint, which voided the foreclosure and the sale; (3) the broker, who was



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2015 IL App (2d) 140331


also the appraiser, committed fraud in the inducement by inflating the appraisal price in order to

obtain a larger commission as well as by inflating defendants’ assets, thereby voiding the

mortgage lien; and (4) alternatively, in light of the broker’s conduct, the action was barred by

equitable estoppel. Defendants also included a counterclaim to quiet title, alleging again that the

broker inflated the appraisal for personal gain and inflated defendants’ assets. They further

alleged that they were not fluent in English and therefore could not understand that the broker

was acting dishonestly.

¶7     On August 31, 2012, plaintiff replied to defendants’ first affirmative defense, denying

that it failed to send an acceleration letter. It also filed a motion to strike defendants’ second,

third, and fourth affirmative defenses and their counterclaim to quiet title. After the matter was

briefed, the trial court entered a November 7, 2012, order striking defendants’ second affirmative

defense and their counterclaim with prejudice and striking defendants’ third and fourth

affirmative defenses without prejudice.

¶8     On December 6, 2012, defendants filed amended third and fourth affirmative defenses.

In defendants’ amended third affirmative defense, they alleged the following to support fraud in

the inducement: the broker was also the appraiser of the Property, creating a conflict of interest;

defendants never received a copy of the appraisal; the broker inflated defendants’ assets;

defendants did not speak fluent English; and therefore plaintiff was estopped from enforcing

their lien. The amended fourth affirmative defense, equitable estoppel, contained allegations

identical to those in the amended third affirmative defense.

¶9      On December 26, 2012, plaintiff filed a motion to strike defendants’ amended

affirmative defenses. Plaintiff argued that the amended affirmative defenses were not well

pleaded, containing conclusory allegations insufficient to support fraud in the inducement or



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2015 IL App (2d) 140331


equitable estoppel. Furthermore, plaintiff argued that, under the terms of the purchase and

assumption agreement (PAA), which it entered into with the Federal Deposit Insurance

Corporation (FDIC), as receiver for Washington Mutual Bank, on September 25, 2008, plaintiff

explicitly disclaimed liability to defendants arising from Washington Mutual Bank’s prior

conduct, even if defendants raised their claims affirmatively or defensively.

¶ 10    On January 8, 2013, the trial court entered an order stating that it took judicial notice of

the PAA. The court therein also granted plaintiff’s motion to strike, striking the amended third

and fourth affirmative defenses with prejudice.

¶ 11    On August 30, 2013, plaintiff filed its motion for summary judgment.            Defendants

responded, arguing primarily that plaintiff’s prove-up affidavit for the amounts due and owing on

the mortgage loan was insufficient. They argued that the affidavit, of plaintiff’s vice president

Rosalva Cardenas, lacked a foundation as a business record because she lacked personal

knowledge of the pertinent records and that the affidavit thus relied on inadmissible hearsay.

Plaintiff replied that there was a proper foundation for the affidavit and that defendants did not

challenge anything else in the affidavit, such as the actual amounts owing.

¶ 12    On November 6, 2013, the trial court granted a summary judgment of foreclosure and

sale in plaintiff’s favor.

¶ 13    The judicial sale of the property occurred on February 11, 2014. Plaintiff filed a motion

for confirmation of the sale on February 19, 2014. On March 11, 2014, the trial court granted the

motion and confirmed the sale.

¶ 14    Defendants timely appealed. 2

        2
            The notice of appeal stated that the appeal was being taken from “the following Order

or Judgment: 1/8/13 Order Striking Affirmative Defenses, 11/6/13 Order granting Summary



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¶ 15                                     II. ANALYSIS

¶ 16                                 1. Standard of Review

¶ 17      Defendants’ affirmative defenses and counterclaim were struck pursuant to sections 2-

615 and 2-619 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-615, 2-619 (West 2012)). We review de novo

dismissals under these sections of the Code. Kean v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 235 Ill. 2d 351, 361

(2009).

¶ 18      We also review de novo an order granting summary judgment.             Chatham Foot

Specialists, P.C. v. Health Care Service Corp., 216 Ill. 2d 366, 376 (2005). Plaintiff argues,

however, that because the trial court’s determination of whether the prove-up affidavit was based

on admissible evidence was within its sound discretion, we should review the grant of summary

judgment for an abuse of discretion. We reject this argument because, although “[i]n general,

this court reviews a circuit court’s decision on a motion to strike an affidavit for an abuse of

discretion, *** when the motion ‘was made in conjunction with the court’s ruling on a motion

for summary judgment,’ we employ a de novo standard of review with respect to the motion to

strike.” US Bank, National Ass’n v. Avdic, 2014 IL App (1st) 121759, ¶ 18 (quoting Jackson v.

Graham, 323 Ill. App. 3d 766, 773 (2001)). Here, there was no specific motion to strike the

affidavit, but in substance the argument was that the affidavit could not support summary

judgment because it failed to comply with Illinois Supreme Court Rule 191 (eff. Jan. 4, 2013)

and thus should not be considered. Accordingly, we review de novo the grant of summary

judgment in conjunction with the consideration of the prove-up affidavit. See Jackson, 323 Ill.

App. 3d at 774 (“[W]hen the trial court rules on a motion to strike a Rule 191 affidavit in




Judgment for Plaintiff, and 3/11/14 Order Approving Sale.”



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2015 IL App (2d) 140331


conjunction with a summary judgment motion, we review de novo the trial court’s ruling on the

motion to strike.”).

¶ 19                                    2. Motions to Strike

¶ 20      Defendants argue that the trial court erred in striking their second affirmative defense,

their amended third and fourth affirmative defenses, and their counterclaim to quiet title. We

address the affirmative defenses and the counterclaim in turn.

¶ 21                               a. Second Affirmative Defense

¶ 22      Defendants first argue that the trial court improperly struck their second affirmative

defense, that plaintiff violated section 15-1502.5 of the Code by failing to send a grace-period

notice to them prior to filing its complaint.

¶ 23      Section 15-1502.5 requires a mortgagee to send notice via United States mail advising the

mortgagor to seek approved housing counseling if the mortgage becomes more than 30 days

delinquent, “[e]xcept for mortgages secured by residential real estate in which any mortgagor has

filed for relief under the United States Bankruptcy Code.” 735 ILCS 5/15-1502.5(c) (West

2010).

¶ 24      Here, defendants claim that they filed for bankruptcy on March 29, 2011, after plaintiff

initiated its foreclosure action on March 23, 2011. Therefore, they claim, the exception in

section 15-1502.5(c) quoted above did not apply, and plaintiff was required to send them the

notice.

¶ 25      Plaintiff responds as follows. First, this court does not have jurisdiction to entertain an

appeal of the striking of defendants’ second affirmative defense (and, for the same reasons, the

striking of their counterclaim). Defendants’ notice of appeal lists three specific orders from

which they appeal: the January 8, 2013, order, in which the court struck their amended third and



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2015 IL App (2d) 140331


fourth affirmative defenses with prejudice; the November 6, 2013, order granting summary

judgment 3; and the March 11, 2014, order confirming the sale of the Property. Under Illinois

Supreme Court Rule 303(b)(2) (eff. May 30, 2008), we lack jurisdiction to review judgments or

parts of judgments not specified in or inferred from the notice of appeal.            See Fitch v.

McDermott, Will & Emery, LLP, 401 Ill. App. 3d 1006, 1014 (2010). Moreover, the striking of

the second affirmative defense and the counterclaim was not a step in the procedural progression

leading to the judgments specified in the notice of appeal. See Illinois Central Gulf R.R. Co. v.

Sankey Brothers, Inc., 78 Ill. 2d 56, 61 (1979) (holding that appellate court properly ruled that

dismissal of defendant’s counterclaim in December 1977 was not before it when defendant’s

notice of appeal sought review only of summary judgment in April 1978 and did not mention the

earlier dismissal order).

¶ 26    We agree with plaintiff that defendants’ second affirmative defense is not properly

before us on appeal.        The order striking defendants’ second affirmative defense (and

counterclaim) with prejudice was entered on November 7, 2012. That order is not specified in

defendants’ notice of appeal. While an unspecified judgment is reviewable if it is a step in the

procedural progression leading to the judgment specified in the notice of appeal (Village of Lisle

v. Village of Woodridge, 192 Ill. App. 3d 568, 572 (1989)), the striking of the second affirmative

defense was not part of the procedural progression here (see Edward E. Gillen Co. v. City of

Lake Forest, 221 Ill. App. 3d 5, 11 (1991) (dismissal of earlier counts of a complaint is not a step

in “procedural progression” (internal quotation marks omitted)); see also Dalen v. Ozite Corp.,

230 Ill. App. 3d 18, 24 (1992) (matters outside the scope of the cause at issue are not part of the

       3
           In defendants’ response to the motion for summary judgment, they did not argue that

their second affirmative defense or counterclaim should preclude summary judgment.



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2015 IL App (2d) 140331


procedural progression)). The second affirmative defense alleged that plaintiff violated section

15-1502.5 of the Code by failing to send a grace-period notice. This was an isolated issue

outside of the procedural progression to any judgment specified in the notice of appeal.

¶ 27     Regardless, the dispute over the striking of the second affirmative defense comes down

to a disagreement over when plaintiff instituted its action for foreclosure. Defendants argue that

plaintiff filed its action on March 23, 2011, before they filed for bankruptcy on March 29, 2011.

As plaintiff argues, and as the record supports, it filed its action on August 17, 2011, almost five

months after defendants filed for bankruptcy. Accordingly, even if the issue were properly

before us, plaintiff had no obligation to send defendants notice under section 15-1502.5 of the

Code (735 ILCS 5/15-1502.5 (West 2010)).

¶ 28                         b. Amended Third and Fourth Affirmative Defenses

¶ 29   Defendants argue that they pled their amended third and fourth affirmative defenses—

fraud in the inducement and equitable estoppel, respectively—with sufficient specificity and

particularity. Regarding fraud in the inducement, defendants argue that they properly pled the

defense by stating: they were led to believe that the appraiser of the Property was an independent

contractor, not an employee of the mortgage broker’s office; plaintiff knew of this

misrepresentation; plaintiff failed to disclose this conflict of interest; defendants trusted plaintiff

despite not receiving a copy of the appraisal; and defendants were injured when they found out

that the Property was worth less than its appraised value.           Regarding equitable estoppel,

defendants reiterate the aforementioned allegations and additionally cite First Mortgage Co. v.

Dina, 2014 IL App (2d) 130567, ¶ 25, to say that, where a public-policy reason supports voiding

a mortgage, a technical flaw in the way a defendant raised a defense does not result in forfeiture

of the defense.



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2015 IL App (2d) 140331


¶ 30   Plaintiff responds that defendants’ amended third and fourth affirmative defenses, as well

as their counterclaim, were barred by the PAA. Moreover, plaintiff argues that the amended

defenses were properly stricken for failure to meet the appropriate pleading standard.

¶ 31   We agree with plaintiff with respect to both the PAA and the sufficiency of defendants’

pleadings. The trial court took judicial notice of the PAA, which is a public document, and we

do so as well. See Country Cos. v. Universal Underwriters Insurance Co., 343 Ill. App. 3d 224,

229 (2003) (the appellate court may take judicial notice of public records regardless of whether

the records were before the trial court). Article II, section 2.5, of the PAA reads:

       “Borrower Claims. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, any

       liability associated with borrower claims for payment of or liability to any borrower for

       monetary relief, or that provide for any other form of relief to any borrower *** whether

       asserted affirmatively or defensively, related in any way to any loan or commitment to

       lend made by the Failed Bank prior to failure *** or otherwise arising in connection with

       the Failed Bank’s lending or loan purchase activities are specifically not assumed by the

       Assuming Bank.”

The “Failed Bank” here was Washington Mutual Bank, and the “Assuming Bank” was plaintiff.

¶ 32      The plain language of the PAA states that plaintiff did not assume any liability to

defendants arising from their original loan with Washington Mutual Bank, including claims

asserted defensively or affirmatively, and other courts have found that such language in a

purchase and assumption agreement bars borrower claims against the purchasing bank. See

Baginski v. JP Morgan Chase Bank N.A., No. 11 C 6999, 2012 WL 5989295, at *5 (N.D. Ill.

Nov. 29, 2012) (section 2.5 of the purchase and assumption agreement between Chase and the

FDIC broadly excluded borrower claims from the liabilities assumed by Chase, and thus



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2015 IL App (2d) 140331


borrower could not pursue a fraud claim against Chase that arose before Chase assumed the

loan); see also Yeomalakis v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corp., 562 F.3d 56, 60 (1st Cir. 2009)

(plaintiff-borrower’s motion to substitute Chase as a party failed because the agreement Chase

signed with the FDIC when it acquired the relevant assets excluded assumption of liability for

borrower claims).      Defendants acquired their mortgage loan in June 2006, and plaintiff

purchased Washington Mutual Bank’s assets in September 2008. Defendants’ original third and

fourth affirmative defenses were based on allegations of wrongdoing at the origination of the

mortgage loan, and the amended affirmative defenses did not specify a time but instead

referenced an unspecified “refinancing.” Given defendants’ sparse allegations, the record does

not support that their claim for fraud or equitable estoppel arose, if at all, after the PAA.

Accordingly, the PAA bars defendants’ amended affirmative defenses from being asserted

against plaintiff.

¶ 33    Moreover, we agree with plaintiff that the amended third and fourth affirmative defenses

were properly stricken because their allegations were conclusory. The amended third defense,

fraud in the inducement, alleged:

                “1. Defendants were current on their previous loan.

                2. Defendants were approached by a mortgage broker to re-finance their home

        loan.

                3. Another lender agreed to use said mortgage broker to lend money to

        Defendants pursuant to a refinancing of their home.

                4. Before closing, it became apparent to lender that the broker was also the

        appraiser of the new home loan.

                5. Therefore there was a conflict of interest with this loan.



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2015 IL App (2d) 140331


               6. Defendants were never given a copy of their appraisal.

               7. Broker also inflated Defendants’ assets.

               8. Defendants are not fluent in English.

               9. Due to said broker’s actions in creating this bogus lien, Plaintiff is estopped

       from enforcing their bogus lien.

               10. Defendants specifically deny the deemed allegations of 735 ILCS 5/15-

       1504(c)(1) and 735 ILCS 5/15-1504(c)(7).”

¶ 34   Fraud in the inducement is a form of common-law fraud. Lagen v. Balcor Co., 274 Ill.

App. 3d 11, 17 (1995). The elements of fraud are: (1) a false statement of material fact; (2)

knowledge or belief of the statement’s falsity; (3) intent to induce the plaintiff to act or refrain

from action on the falsity of the statement; (4) the plaintiff reasonably relied on the false

statement; and (5) damage from such reliance. Id. Moreover, there is “a high standard of

specificity for pleading claims of fraud.” Janowiak v. Tiesi, 402 Ill. App. 3d 997, 1006 (2010).

“A complaint for common-law fraud ‘must allege, with specificity and particularity, facts from

which fraud is the necessary or probable inference, including what misrepresentations were

made, when they were made, who made the misrepresentations and to whom they were made.’ ”

Aasonn, LLC v. Delaney, 2011 IL App (2d) 101125, ¶ 28 (quoting Connick v. Suzuki Motor Co.,

174 Ill. 2d 482, 496-97 (1996)). “Conclusory allegations are insufficient.” Id.

¶ 35   Here, the allegations in the amended third affirmative defense were conclusory and thus

properly stricken. Defendants did not specify what misrepresentations plaintiff made but stated

only that the broker “inflated Defendants’ assets.” They did not specify what the appraised value

of the Property or their assets was or what it should have been. They failed to name the broker

and failed to state when the alleged misrepresentations took place. They hinted that they relied



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2015 IL App (2d) 140331


on the broker’s representations because they were not fluent in English, but such intimations do

not comport with fraud’s heightened pleading standards. They finally failed to allege that the

broker knew or believed that the alleged misrepresentations were false when she made them.

¶ 36   Turning to the amended fourth affirmative defense, equitable estoppel, its allegations

were identical to those in the fraud-in-the-inducement defense.         Equitable estoppel is an

equitable doctrine “invoked to prevent fraud and injustice” (Carey v. City of Rockford, 134 Ill.

App. 3d 217, 218 (1985)) “by precluding a party from benefiting from its own wrongdoing”

(Tegeler v. Industrial Comm’n, 173 Ill. 2d 498, 505 (1996)). The elements of equitable estoppel

are:

       “(1) the other person misrepresented or concealed material facts; (2) the other person

       knew at the time he or she made the representations that they were untrue; (3) the party

       claiming estoppel did not know that the representations were untrue when they were

       made and when they were acted upon; (4) the other person intended or reasonably

       expected that the party claiming estoppel would act upon the representations; (5) the

       party claiming estoppel reasonably relied upon the representations in good faith to his or

       her detriment; and (6) the party claiming estoppel would be prejudiced by his or her

       reliance on the representations if the other person is permitted to deny the truth thereof.”

       Geddes v. Mill Creek Country Club, Inc., 196 Ill. 2d 302, 313-14 (2001).

For the same reasons that defendants failed to properly plead fraud, defendants failed to plead

sufficient facts to demonstrate all the elements of equitable estoppel, including facts to

demonstrate that the broker knew that the representations were untrue when they were made and

that defendants did not. Moreover, defendants argue that, where a public-policy reason exists to

void a mortgage, technical flaws in raising a defense should not forfeit the defense, but



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defendants have not identified any public-policy reason for voiding the mortgage, and we do not

further consider this argument.

¶ 37                                     c. Counterclaim

¶ 38    We have already decided that defendants’ second affirmative defense is not properly

before us because the notice of appeal did not specify the order striking it and the order was not a

step in the procedural progression leading to a specified order.            Likewise, defendants’

counterclaim is not properly before us.      The trial court disposed of the counterclaim with

prejudice in the same order that struck the second affirmative defense. The counterclaim also

raised an isolated issue outside of the procedural progression to any specified order.          The

counterclaim, while based on allegations similar to those in the amended third and fourth

affirmative defenses (primarily, the allegation that the broker was also the appraiser), was

likewise unrelated to the ruling striking the amended affirmative defenses or to either of the other

specified orders. 4

¶ 39    Because the counterclaim is not properly before us, we need not consider whether

defendants had standing to bring their counterclaim after filing for bankruptcy.

¶ 40                              3. Motion for Summary Judgment




        4
            Even if the counterclaim were properly before us, we have already decided that the

amended third and fourth affirmative defenses, based on the allegations that the broker inflated

the value of the Property and defendants’ assets, were properly stricken for failing to allege

sufficient facts and were barred by the PAA. Likewise, the counterclaim, based on the same

sparse allegations, was both properly stricken as conclusory and barred by the PAA.




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¶ 41   Defendants next argue that the entry of summary judgment was inappropriate because

plaintiff’s prove-up affidavit was insufficient pursuant to Rule 191 and thus there was an issue of

material fact. Defendants attack the sufficiency of the prove-up affidavit as follows. Cardenas

stated that she “had access” to the business records related to defendants’ loan and had personal

knowledge of how the records were created and maintained. The affidavit did not mention how

the records were created or maintained or by whom. Under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 236

(eff. Aug. 1, 1992), a business record may be admitted into evidence as an exception to hearsay

if the record was made in the regular course of business, but a foundation must be laid to

establish an affiant’s personal knowledge of the record. See In re Estate of Teall, 329 Ill. App.

3d 83, 92 (2002). An affidavit must not state facts on information and belief (see Fooden v.

Board of Governors of State Colleges & Universities, 48 Ill. 2d 580, 587 (1971)), and an

affidavit must contain facts stated with particularity to support its conclusions (Steiner Electric

Co. v. NuLine Technologies, Inc., 364 Ill. App. 3d 876, 881 (2006)). Here, defendants argue,

because plaintiff’s affidavit failed to establish a proper foundation with specific facts, but rather

contained “bald assumptions” and conclusions, the business-records exception did not apply and

the motion for summary judgment should have been denied.

¶ 42   Plaintiff responds as follows. Rule 236 5 states:

       5
           We note that as of January 1, 2011, the Illinois Rules of Evidence became effective, and

they contain a hearsay exception for “Records of Regularly Conducted Activity.” Ill. R. Evid.

803(6) (eff. Apr. 26, 2012). Nonetheless, the adoption of the rules of evidence relating to the

admission of business records did not make any substantive changes to the requirements of Rule

236 and that the case law developed under Rule 236 is still applicable to the admission of

business records. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. v. East-West Logistics, L.L.C., 2014 IL App (1st)



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               “(a) Any writing or record, whether in the form of any entry in a book or

       otherwise, made as a memorandum or record of any act, transaction, occurrence, or event,

       shall be admissible as evidence of the act, transaction, occurrence, or event, if made in

       the regular course of any business, and if it was the regular course of the business to

       make such a memorandum or record at the time of such an act, transaction, occurrence, or

       event or within a reasonable time thereafter. All other circumstances of the making of the

       writing or record, including lack of personal knowledge by the entrant or maker, may be

       shown to affect its weight, but shall not affect its admissibility.” (Emphasis added.) Ill.

       S. Ct. R. 236 (eff. Aug. 1, 1992).

The foundation necessary under Rule 236 is only that the party tendering the record demonstrates

that the record was made in the regular course of business and at or near the time of the

transaction. In re Estate of Weiland, 338 Ill. App. 3d 585, 600 (2003). An affiant need not have

personally made the record; rather, the affiant must be familiar with the record and acquainted

with the business and procedure at issue. Lecroy v. Miller, 272 Ill. App. 3d 925, 936 (1995).

Here, the affidavit was sufficient because Cardenas averred that the loan records were kept and

maintained by plaintiff in the regular course of business and were made at or near the time of the

event, by a person with knowledge. She further averred that it was regular practice to keep the

loan records, that she personally reviewed the records, and that she had personal knowledge of

how the records were kept and maintained.




121111, ¶ 99; see also Illinois Rules of Evidence, Committee Commentary (noting that Rule

803(6) retains the hearsay exception for business records under Rule 236 but removes the

distinction between civil and criminal business records).



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¶ 43   We agree with plaintiff.         Cardenas’s affidavit averred the following pertinent

information: she was a vice president with plaintiff; in her capacity as vice president, she had

access to plaintiff’s business records relating to the loan; she reviewed the loan records and had

personal knowledge of how they were kept and maintained; the loan records were maintained by

plaintiff in the course of its regularly conducted business activities and were made at or near the

time of the event, by a person with knowledge; and it was regular practice to keep records such

as the loan records in the ordinary course of plaintiff’s business activities. She also provided the

specific amounts owing on the loan.

¶ 44   In Bank of America, N.A. v. Land, 2013 IL App (5th) 120283, ¶ 14, we held that the

affidavit provided by the plaintiff-bank’s assistant vice president, used to prove the balance due

on the defendants’ mortgage loan, was sufficient under Rule 236 where the affiant attested that:

she was familiar with the bank’s procedures for creating and maintaining business records; the

loan records were made at or near the time of the relevant occurrence by persons with personal

knowledge of the information in the records; the records were kept in the course of the bank’s

regularly conducted business activities; and it was the bank’s regular practice to keep such

records. Accordingly, the affidavit provided a sufficient basis upon which to conclude that the

bank was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id.

¶ 45   In Avdic, 2014 IL App (1st) 121759, ¶ 26, the affidavit of a bank employee was sufficient

to support summary judgment where she averred that: she had duties reviewing and analyzing

loan records for the bank; she maintained records for each loan serviced; she was familiar with

the defendant’s loan; she had personal knowledge that it was within the regular course of

business to record the information at issue at or near the time of the occurrence; and she

identified the specific amounts owing on the loan. The foundational requirements for the records



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were twofold: (1) that the records were made in the regular course of business, and (2) that the

records were made at or near the time of the event or occurrence. Id. ¶ 23. These averments

were sufficient to satisfy these foundational requirements, and the records were thus properly

considered by the trial court in the entry of summary judgment in favor of the bank. Id. ¶ 30.

¶ 46     Here, Cardenas made averments virtually identical to those of the affiants in Land and

Avdic. Her averments clearly satisfied the two foundational requirements under Rule 236. See,

e.g., Gulino v. Economy Fire & Casualty Co., 2012 IL App (1st) 102429, ¶ 27 (Rule 236

requires the proponent of a business record to establish that the record was: (1) made in the

regular course of business, and (2) made at or near the time of the event or occurrence.).

Because plaintiff’s prove-up affidavit contained averments satisfying the foundational

requirements of Rule 236, the trial court properly considered the affidavit and the attached loan

documents and thus did not face an issue of material fact regarding the amounts owing on the

loan. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s entry of summary judgment for plaintiff.

¶ 47                                   III. CONCLUSION

¶ 48     For the aforementioned reasons, we affirm the judgment of the Du Page County circuit

court.

¶ 49     Affirmed.




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