                                                                             F I L E D
                                                                      United States Court of Appeals
                                                                              Tenth Circuit
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                             NOV 16 2004
                                   TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                         PATRICK FISHER
                                                                                  Clerk

 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

          Plaintiff-Appellee,

 v.                                                       No. 04-3139
                                                            (D. Kan.)
 NEWTON O. BEY,                                  (D.Ct. No. 94-CR-20075-KHV)

          Defendant-Appellant.



                                ORDER AND JUDGMENT *


Before TACHA, Chief Circuit Judge, and PORFILIO and BRORBY, Senior
Circuit Judges.


      After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9(G). The case is

therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.



      Newton Bey, a pro se litigant and federal inmate, appeals the district


      *
          This order and judgment is not binding precedent except under the doctrines of
law of the case, res judicata and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the
citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under
the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
court’s dismissal of two motions, one filed pursuant to Rule 60(b)(3), concerning

his claim government attorneys committed fraud during his prior 28 U.S.C. §

2255 proceeding, and another filed pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3582. We exercise

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 as to Mr. Bey’s appeal of the dismissal of his

§ 3582 motion and affirm his conviction and sentence. As to Mr. Bey’s appeal of

the dismissal of his Rule 60(b) motion, we construe it as an implied application to

file a successive habeas corpus petition and deny such application.



      Mr. Bey’s lengthy procedural history before this court is as follows. Mr.

Bey pled guilty to two counts of a seven-count indictment charging him with

narcotics law violations and possession of a firearm in relation to a drug

trafficking crime. See United States v. Bey, 1998 WL 919127 at *1 (D. Kan. Dec.

30, 1998) (unpublished op.) (Bey I); United States v. Bey, 141 F.3d 1186, 1998

WL 133816 at *1 (10th Cir. Mar. 25, 1998) (unpublished op.) (Bey II). The

district court applied a three-level enhancement for his supervisory role in the

offense and sentenced him to five years incarceration on the firearm count and

135 months incarceration on the distribution count, to be served consecutively.

See United States v. Bey, 208 F.3d 227, 2000 WL 217059 at *1 (10th Cir. Feb. 21,

2000) (unpublished op.) (Bey III).




                                         -2-
      Mr. Bey did not file a direct appeal within ten days after sentencing, but he

did write a letter to the court and file a § 2255 motion, claiming ineffective

assistance of counsel. Id. After the district court denied his motion, this court

instructed the district court to docket his letter as a notice of appeal. Id.

Thereafter, Mr. Bey unsuccessfully appealed his sentence and this court affirmed

on direct appeal. See id.; Bey II at **1-2; Bey I at *2. Mr. Bey then filed another

§ 2255 motion, raising an ineffective assistance of counsel issue, which the

district court ultimately denied, treating it as his first § 2255 motion, and we

affirmed. See Bey III at **2-3; Bey II at **2-3; Bey I at *2.



      Mr. Bey next filed a motion for relief from judgment pursuant to Federal

Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(3), seeking relief “for fraud on the court or an

independent action in equity,” based on alleged fraudulent conduct committed by

the Assistant United States Attorney during his § 2255 motion proceeding. On

October 10, 2003, the district court denied the motion, determining that if his

Rule 60(b) motion constituted a second or successive petition, it was unclear if

such fraud would justify an exception to the strict gatekeeping requirement which

applies to second or successive motions under § 2255. It determined that even if

it was excepted, it had already determined the alleged government nondisclosure

of which he complained would not be material because the government and his


                                           -3-
defense attorney agreed ample additional evidence supported the sentencing

enhancement Mr. Bey received. See Bey I at *5; Bey III at *3. On February 6,

2004, the district court issued an order, noting Mr. Bey apparently did not receive

a copy of its October 10, 2003 Order denying his motion because he failed to

provide a change of address, and directing the clerk to send Mr. Bey the October

10, 2003 Order at his current address.



      Undaunted, Mr. Bey then filed a “Motion to Correct Mistake” and a

“Motion for Reconsideration,” renewing his claim the Assistant United States

Attorney committed fraud on the court. On March 25, 2004, the district court

denied Mr. Bey’s motion for reconsideration as untimely, as he did not file it

within ten days. It then construed his motion as a Rule 60(b) motion, but

determined no relief was available because it was also untimely filed and because

he made no showing of obvious errors of law or fact.



      On April 12, 2004, Mr. Bey filed a “Notice of Appeal 60 B Motion,”

appealing the district court’s October 10, 2003 Order, and also filed a request and

affidavit to proceed on appeal without prepayment of fees. The district court

denied Mr. Bey’s request to proceed on appeal without prepayment of fees, noting

he failed “to show a reasoned, nonfrivolous argument on the law and facts in


                                         -4-
support of the issues raised on appeal,” and finding his appeal untimely with

respect to the October 10, 2003 Order on the Rule 60(b) motion, and timely only

as to the district court’s March 25, 2004 Order on his motion to correct mistake

and his motion for reconsideration.



      Mr. Bey then filed a “Motion for Modification of An Imposed Term of

Imprisonment Pursuant To 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(i) and (2),” claiming his three-

point enhancement for his supervisory role is unconstitutional under Blakely v.

Washington, ___ U.S. ___, 124 S. Ct. 2531 (June 24, 2004), in violation of his

Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial, because it was imposed by the judge rather

than considered by a jury. In an amended § 3582 motion, Mr. Bey alleged the

district court possessed authority to modify his sentence under the Prosecutorial

Remedies and Tools Against the Exploitation of Children Today Act of 2003

(PROTECT Act), Pub. L. 108-21, 117 Stat. 650, 669 (codified in scattered

sections of 18 and 42 U.S.C.).



      On September 21, 2004, the district court entered an order dismissing Mr.

Bey’s § 3582 motion. After discussing the three avenues available for

modification of a sentence under § 3582, the district court determined Mr. Bey

failed to show his motion met any of the criteria, and further noted nothing in the


                                         -5-
PROTECT Act expressly permitted the court to resentence him. It further

determined that, to the extent Mr. Bey sought to file a second or successive

§ 2255 motion, his petition should be directed to this court for approval. Mr. Bey

then filed a “Notice of Appeal and Docketing Statement,” requesting relief from

the district court’s “order of 21 September 2004,” denying his § 3582 motion.



      As a result, Mr. Bey has filed two separate notices of appeal on his

proceedings before the district court. On appeal, in a brief entitled “Appeal of the

60 B Motion,” Mr. Bey raises only one issue: he contends the district court

abused its discretion and violated his due process rights in denying his Rule 60(b)

motion, because it “overlooked” the fact government attorneys, during his § 2255

motion proceeding, provided the court with fraudulent information to support the

enhancement of his sentence for a supervisory role.



      Under the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, in a criminal appeal, the

notice of appeal must be filed in the district court within ten days after the entry

of the order being appealed. See Fed. R. App. P. Rule 4(b). In this case, as the

district court determined, Mr. Bey’s first notice of appeal, filed April 12, 2004,

with respect to the district court’s October 10, 2003 decision denying his first

Rule 60(b) motion, was untimely filed. This is true even if we do not begin


                                          -6-
calculating the appeal time until the district court’s February Order directing the

clerk to resend its October 10, 2003 Order to Mr. Bey at his corrected address.

However, the district court ultimately did find his appeal timely as to its March

25, 2004 Order denying Mr. Bey’s motions to correct a mistake and for

reconsideration, construing the motion for reconsideration as a Rule 60(b)(1)

motion. Consequently, we consider only the court’s March 25, 2004 Order for the

purposes of appeal on the Rule 60(b) motion issue raised by Mr. Bey.



      We construe a pro se litigant’s pleadings liberally, holding them to a less

stringent standard than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers. See Hall v. Bellmon,

935 F.2d 1106, 1110 (10th Cir. 1991). Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 60(b)(1)

and (3) allow, on motion, for the court to relieve a party from a final judgment or

order for mistake, inadvertence and excusable neglect; or fraud, misrepresentation

or other misconduct of an adverse party. We have held that “Rule 60(b) cannot be

used to circumvent restraints on successive habeas petitions.” See Lopez v.

Douglas, 141 F.3d 974, 975 (10th Cir. 1998) (per curiam) (quotation marks and

citation omitted) (holding that Rule 60(b) motion was an implied application

under 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b)(3)(A) for leave to file a second habeas petition). In

order to obtain authorization from this court to file a second § 2255 motion in the

district court, the movant must make the requisite showing under § 2255, which


                                         -7-
includes a showing of:

      (1) newly discovered evidence that, if proven and viewed in the light
      of the evidence as a whole, would be sufficient to establish by clear
      and convincing evidence that no reasonable factfinder would have
      found [him] guilty of the offense; or

      (2) a new rule of constitutional law, made retroactive to cases on
      collateral review by the Supreme Court, that was previously
      unavailable.

28 U.S.C. § 2255. Until a defendant obtains prior authorization from this court to

file a successive motion, the district court lacks jurisdiction to decide his

unauthorized second petition and this court must vacate the district court order.

See Lopez, 141 F.3d at 975-76.



      For the purposes of this case, we determine the district court did not have

jurisdiction to reach the merits of Mr. Bey’s motions and thereby vacate the

district court’s March 25, 2004 Order. We will construe Mr. Bey’s notice of

appeal and appellate brief as an implied application under 28 U.S.C.

§ 2244(b)(3)(A) for leave to file a second habeas petition in the district court.

See Pease v. Klinger, 115 F.3d 763, 764 (10th Cir. 1997) (per curiam).



      Our review establishes Mr. Bey not only untimely filed his motion, but

failed to meet the requirements for filing a second habeas petition under §

2244(b)(3)(C). In fact, his allegations only repeat an issue which the district

                                          -8-
court previously resolved, and which we reviewed, in affirming the district

court’s decision. 1 See Bey I at *5; Bey III at *3.



      As to Mr. Bey’s notice of appeal on the dismissal of his § 3582 motion, it

appears Mr. Bey abandoned the issues contained therein, as none of the issues

raised in the motion and his appeal notice were raised in his other appellate

pleadings. “The failure to raise an issue in an opening brief waives that issue.”

United States v. Abdenbi, 361 F.3d 1282, 1289 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 125 S. Ct.

197 (U.S. Oct. 4, 2004).



      Accordingly, the district court’s March 25, 2004 Order disposing of Mr.

Bey’s unauthorized successive § 2255 petition is VACATED, his implied

application for leave to file a successive petition in the district court is denied,




      1
         Given Mr. Bey’s propensity to file repetitive and frivolous habeas pleadings and
our interest in judicial economy, we warn Mr. Bey this court will summarily dismiss any
future meritless second or successive habeas applications or appeals, including Rule 60(b)
motions, which we will construe as successive petitions.

                                           -9-
and his motion to proceed on appeal in forma pauperis is granted. As to Mr.

Bey’s appeal of the dismissal of his § 3582 motion, we AFFIRM his conviction

and sentence.



                                     Entered by the Court:

                                     WADE BRORBY
                                     United States Circuit Judge




                                       -10-
