[Cite as State v. Richerson, 2012-Ohio-457.]


STATE OF OHIO                     )                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                  )ss:                 NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT                  )

STATE OF OHIO                                          C.A. No.      25902

        Appellee

        v.                                             APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                       ENTERED IN THE
DERECK RICHERSON                                       COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
(FNA DEREK RICHARDSON)                                 COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
                                                       CASE No.   CR 10 01 0098
        Appellant

                                 DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: February 8, 2012



        DICKINSON, Judge.

                                               INTRODUCTION

        {¶1}     Nine months after getting into a dispute with Michael Drake at a construction site,

Dereck Richerson saw him at a convenience store.           After walking behind Mr. Drake and

readying himself, Mr. Richerson called Mr. Drake by his nickname in a friendly tone. When Mr.

Drake turned around with his arm extended to shake hands, Mr. Richerson started punching him

repeatedly. Mr. Drake attempted to defend himself, but Mr. Richerson continued punching and

kicking him until he fell to the floor. At some point, Mr. Drake grabbed a hammer, which he had

brought to the store to do repairs for the owner. Before he could use it, Mr. Richerson grabbed

the other end. As Mr. Richerson stood over Mr. Drake, he told Mr. Drake not to make him kill

him. He then lifted up the left side of his jacket, showing Mr. Drake his gun holster. Mr.

Richerson left the store, but was arrested a short time later. According to one of the arresting

officers, Mr. Richerson told him that he showed Mr. Drake his gun because he did not want Mr.
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Drake to hit him with the hammer. Mr. Richerson also told someone during a call that he made

from jail that he had showed Mr. Drake his gun. The Grand Jury indicted Mr. Richerson for

felonious assault with a firearm specification and aggravated menacing. Mr. Richerson waived

his right to a jury trial, and a judge found him guilty of felonious assault and the firearm

specification. The court sentenced him to five years in prison. Mr. Richerson has appealed,

arguing that the firearm specification is not supported by sufficient evidence and that the court

committed plain error when it admitted his out-of-court statements about having a gun. We

affirm because Mr. Richerson’s conviction is supported by sufficient evidence and the trial court

properly admitted his inculpatory statements.

                                           SUFFICIENCY

       {¶2}   Mr. Richerson’s first assignment of error is that there was insufficient evidence to

find him guilty of the firearm specification. Under Section 2941.14.5 of the Ohio Revised Code,

a trial court must impose a three-year mandatory prison term on an offender who “had a firearm

on or about the offender’s person or under the offender’s control while committing the offense

and displayed the firearm, brandished the firearm, indicated that the offender possessed the

firearm, or used it to facilitate the offense.” Mr. Richerson has argued that no one saw him with

a gun at the time he attacked Mr. Drake.

       {¶3}   At trial, the prosecutor played a video of the attack from the store’s security

camera. At one point, Mr. Richerson stands over Mr. Drake and lifts up the left-side of his

jacket, showing Mr. Drake something that is near his hip. He then exits the store, telling Mr.

Drake that he had better not follow him. Mr. Drake gets up and shouts to the cashier, who had

called 911, that Mr. Richerson has a gun.       At trial, Mr. Drake initially testified that Mr.
                                                  3


Richerson pulled out his gun, but later explained that all he could remember seeing was a gun

holster.

           {¶4}   At the time Mr. Richerson was arrested, there was a gun and a holster lying on the

passenger seat of his vehicle. One of the arresting officers testified that Mr. Richerson told him

that he showed Mr. Drake the gun because Mr. Drake had grabbed a hammer. Mr. Richerson

also told someone that he spoke to from jail that he had showed Mr. Drake his gun.

           {¶5}   Viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, we conclude

that it could have convinced the average finder of fact beyond a reasonable doubt that Mr.

Richerson had a gun in his possession at the time he attacked Mr. Drake. State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio

St. 3d 259, paragraph two of the syllabus (1991). Mr. Richerson’s first assignment of error is

overruled.

                                         CORPUS DELICTI

           {¶6}   Mr. Richerson’s second assignment of error is that the trial court committed plain

error when it admitted his out-of-court statements about having a gun. He has argued that his

statement to the arresting officer and his jail telephone conversation were inadmissible unless

there was other evidence to establish the corpus delicti of the firearm specification. According to

Mr. Richerson, there was no evidence other than those statements to prove that he had a gun

during the attack.

           {¶7}   Mr. Richerson has acknowledged that, because he did not object to the admission

of his statements at trial, he is limited to arguing plain error. Crim. R. 52(B). Plain errors must

be noticed “with the utmost caution, under exceptional circumstances and only to prevent a

manifest miscarriage of justice.” State v. Long, 53 Ohio St. 2d 91, 97 (1978).
                                                4


       {¶8}    The term “corpus delicti” refers to “the body or substance of the crime” and

includes two elements, the act and “the criminal agency of the act.” State v. Maranda, 94 Ohio

St. 364, paragraph one of the syllabus (1916). The Ohio Supreme Court has held that, “[b]efore

an out-of-court confession will be admitted, the corpus delicti [of the crime] must be established

by evidence outside the confession.” State v. Van Hook, 39 Ohio St. 3d 256, 261 (1988).

According to the Supreme Court, “[i]t is sufficient if there is some evidence outside of the

confession that tends to prove some material element of the crime charged.” Id. (quoting

Maranda, 94 Ohio St. 364, at paragraph two of the syllabus). The standard of proof is not

demanding and does not even need to include “such evidence as would rise to the level of a

prima facie case.” Id. “The prosecution need only adduce ‘some proof . . . tending to prove the

act and its agency[.]’” Id. (quoting Maranda, 94 Ohio St. at 371). “Circumstantial evidence will

suffice.” State v. Wright, 9th Dist. No. 25638, 2011-Ohio-5641, at ¶ 9.

       {¶9}    To prove the elements of the firearm specification, the State had to establish that

Mr. Richerson “had a firearm” on him at the time of the attack. It also had to establish that Mr.

Richerson displayed, brandished, indicated that he possessed, or used a gun to facilitate his

attack. R.C. 2941.14.5. For Mr. Richerson’s statements to be admissible under Maranda and

Van Hook, however, the State only had to present some evidence of either of those elements.

State v. Van Hook, 39 Ohio St. 3d 256, 261 (1988).

       {¶10} Mr. Drake testified that, during the attack, Mr. Richerson “reached up and showed

[the] holster of [his] gun[.]” His statement was some evidence that Mr. Richerson “indicated that

[he] possessed [a] firearm” under Section 2941.14.5. Shortly after the attack officers saw a gun

and holster on the seat of Mr. Richerson’s vehicle. Mr. Drake’s statement, along with the finding

of the gun and holster, were some evidence that Mr. Richerson had a gun at the time of the
                                                 5


attack. See State v. Knight, 2d Dist. No. 2003 CA 14, 2004-Ohio-1941, at ¶ 18 (“[A] factfinder

may infer that [a] defendant possessed a deadly weapon based on his words and conduct.”). We,

therefore, conclude that the trial court correctly allowed Mr. Richerson’s statements into

evidence. Mr. Richerson’s second assignment of error is overruled.

                                         CONCLUSION

       {¶11} Mr. Richerson’s conviction was supported by sufficient evidence and the trial

court correctly admitted Mr. Richerson’s out-of-court statements about having a gun. The

judgment of the Summit County Common Pleas Court is affirmed.

                                                                              Judgment affirmed.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(E). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellant.




                                                     CLAIR E. DICKINSON
                                                     FOR THE COURT
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CARR, P. J.
MOORE, J.
CONCUR


APPEARANCES:

JEFFREY N. JAMES, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and HEAVEN DIMARTINO, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.
