                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       OCT 18 2018
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

EDWARD WILLIAMS,                                No.    17-35895

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No. 2:16-cv-01034-RAJ

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
CITY OF BELLEVUE, a municipal
corporation,

                Defendant-Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Western District of Washington
                   Richard A. Jones, District Judge, Presiding

                           Submitted October 12, 2018**
                               Seattle, Washington

Before: BLACK,*** TALLMAN, and BEA, Circuit Judges.

      Edward Williams sued the City of Bellevue (“City”) under 42 U.S.C. § 1981

for his termination from the Bellevue Police Department (“BPD”). He alleges that


      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
            The Honorable Susan H. Black, United States Circuit Judge for the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, sitting by designation.
he was fired in retaliation for his opposition to a racist text message that one of his

field training officers, Officer Kevin Quayle, sent to Quayle’s girlfriend. Williams

appeals from the district court’s order granting summary judgment in favor of the

City.1 We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo and may

affirm on any basis in the record. Surrell v. Cal. Water Serv. Co., 518 F.3d 1097,

1103 (9th Cir. 2008); Campbell v. Wash. Dep’t of Soc. & Health Servs., 671 F.3d

837, 842 n.4 (9th Cir. 2011).

         The district court did not err in granting summary judgment. Williams has

not shown sufficient facts to establish a prima facie case of retaliation under

section 1981. See Mannatt v. Bank of Am., N.A., 339 F.3d 792, 800 (9th Cir. 2003)

(providing the elements of a section 1981 retaliation claim); Jurado v. Eleven-Fifty

Corp., 813 F.2d 1406, 1412 (9th Cir. 1987) (“[C]laims under section 1981 require

proof of intentional discrimination.”). The undisputed evidence shows that he

affirmatively denied having ever experienced any discrimination, harassment, or

mistreatment at the hands of Officer Quayle, and his conversation with Chief

Mylett does not rise to the level of protected activity. See Raad v. Fairbanks N.

Star Borough Sch. Dist., 323 F.3d 1185, 1197 (9th Cir. 2003), amended by No. 00-

35999, 2003 WL 21027351 (May 8, 2003) (describing typical forms of protected

activity); see also Crawford v. Metro. Gov’t of Nashville & Davidson Cty., 555


1
    Williams appeals only the dismissal of his section 1981 retaliation claim.

                                            2
U.S. 271, 274–80 (2009) (concluding that a woman opposed an unlawful

employment practice when she reported and disapproved of workplace sexual

harassment in response to her employer’s questions); Jurado, 813 F.2d at 1411

(noting that to constitute opposition an employee must reasonably believe the

employer has engaged in an unlawful employment practice).

      Williams has also not proffered sufficient evidence of causation. See Univ.

of Tex. Sw. Med. Ctr. v. Nassar, 570 U.S. 338, 360 (2013) (“[R]etaliation claims

must be proved according to traditional principles of but-for causation.”).2

Although Williams was terminated soon after his alleged protected activity, it is

undisputed that as a probationary police officer Williams performed far below

minimum acceptable standards throughout his time with the BPD. Additionally,

the BPD found that Officer Quayle’s conduct was unacceptable, and Officer

Quayle was fired in part because of the text message he sent. Williams therefore

has not shown that his alleged protected activity was the but-for cause of his

termination.

      Moreover, even if Williams had shown a prima facie case of retaliation, the

City articulated a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for its employment




2
 We assume without deciding that but-for causation principles apply given that the
parties have argued they do.

                                          3
decision: Williams’ substandard performance.3 See Manatt, 339 F.3d at 800. The

burden thus shifted to Williams to show pretext, and the circumstantial evidence he

offered was not specific and significantly probative to make such a showing. Id.;

see also Coghlan v. Am. Seafoods Co. LLC., 413 F.3d 1090, 1095–96 (9th Cir.

2005) (“[Circumstantial evidence] must be specific and substantial to defeat the

employer’s motion for summary judgment.” (internal quotations omitted)).

      AFFIRMED.




3
 Although the district court did not reach pretext in its order, the record is
sufficiently developed to decide on this issue as well.

                                           4
