[Cite as N.A. v. J.P., 2019-Ohio-4423.]


                                        COURT OF APPEALS
                                   TUSCARAWAS COUNTY, OHIO
                                    FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT



NICHOLAS A., et al.                               JUDGES:
                                                  Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P. J.
        Plaintiffs-Appellees                      Hon. William B. Hoffman, J.
                                                  Hon. John W. Wise, J.
-vs-
                                                  Case No. 2019 AP 03 0009
JOSEPH P., et al.

        Defendants-Appellants                     OPINION




CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                       Civil Appeal from the Court of Common
                                               Pleas, Juvenile Division, Case No. 2017
                                               CC 00061

JUDGMENT:                                      Affirmed



DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                        October 25, 2019



APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee Samantha W.             For Defendant-Appellant Joseph P.

SHARON BUCKLEY-MIRHAIDARI                      DAN GUINN
152 N. Broadway, Suite 200                     GUINN LAW FIRM, LLC
New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663                   PO Box 804
                                               New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663.
Guardian Ad Litem

KAREN DUMMERMUTH
349 East High Avenue, Box 484
New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2019 AP 03 0009                                                2

Wise, J.

       {¶1}   Appellant Joseph P. appeals from the decision of the Tuscarawas County

Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, which granted legal custody of his daughter

to a third party non-relative, Appellee Samantha W, who is the ex-fiancé of the girl’s

maternal uncle. The relevant facts leading to this appeal are as follows.

       {¶2}   Appellant Joseph P. is the biological father of the minor child L.A., born in

2014. The mother of the child, and former spouse of Joseph P., is Ivory A.

       {¶3}   Appellant and Ivory A. met online in early 2011. Ivory A. moved in with

appellant and his mother in September 2013, and the couple married on November 15,

2013. However, just a month or so later, Ivory A. left appellant and returned to Jackson,

Ohio, to reside with her father. In early January 2014, shortly after Ivory A. told appellant

she was pregnant, she indicated she would not be coming back to live with him.

       {¶4}   Ivory A. then filed a complaint for divorce in the Tuscarawas County Court

of Common Pleas, under a separate case number. Although appellant was properly

served with notice of the proceedings, he did not respond or appear at the hearing. Ivory

A. was named residential parent of the child in the decree issued on August 5, 2014.

Appellant did not thereafter file for visitation of the minor child under the divorce case

number.

       {¶5}   Ivory A. has a history of alcohol and drug abuse, and was apparently

charged in 2014 or 2015 with child endangering for driving under the influence of alcohol

with L.A. in her car. At some point in the spring of 2015, Ivory A. began a romantic

relationship with a registered sex offender. In August 2016, she abandoned the child and

left her with her father so that she could be with her boyfriend. Because Ivory A.’s father
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2019 AP 03 0009                                               3


was unable to care for L.A., the child was taken in by Nicholas A. (the brother of Ivory A.

and maternal uncle of the child) and his then-girlfriend, Appellee Samantha W. Appellant

later testified that he was unaware of this arrangement until March 2017. Tr. 4 at 32-33.

       {¶6}   Nicholas A., the maternal uncle of L.A., filed a complaint for emergency

custody of the child in the Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division,

on March 14, 2017. Appellant then filed a motion to modify parental rights and

responsibilities on April 17, 2017.

       {¶7}   Via an order of the trial court issued April 27, 2017, Nicholas A. was granted

temporary custody of the child. His then-girlfriend, Appellee Samantha W., lived with him

and helped care for L.A.

       {¶8}   Appellant thereafter obtained supervised visits with L.A., which he began

exercising in May 2017. Appellant’s visits apparently went well, at least to the extent that

the supervisor did not have to intervene. Tr. at 34. Appellant’s mother also came to some

of the visits and got along well with the minor child. Tr. 4 at 35. However, appellant’s

mother also had to take control during some of the visits. Tr. I at 26.

       {¶9}   In the summer of 2017, appellant began to receive unsupervised parenting

time with the minor child. Tr. 4 at 36. These visits were eventually increased to every

other weekend after appellant completed a home inspection. Id.

       {¶10} At some point in the fall of 2017, Nicholas and Samantha ceased living

together. Samantha thereafter intervened as a party in the case, and the trial court

granted her temporary legal custody of L.A. on March 9, 2018. Via an ex parte

magistrate’s order issued on the same day, appellant’s home visits were suspended and

visitation was returned to supervised status.
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2019 AP 03 0009                                                4


         {¶11} The issue of full custody proceeded to hearings before the magistrate

February 27, 2018 (“Tr. 1”), May 8, 2018 (“Tr. 2”), June 28, 2018 (“Tr. 3”), and September

25, 2018 (“Tr. 4”). At the February 27th hearing, the magistrate noted that appellant did

not intend to reach an agreement regarding custody going to Samantha W. See Tr. 1 at

11. At the June 28th hearing, Nicholas (the maternal uncle) appeared with counsel but

left the courtroom with his attorney after indicating he was voluntarily withdrawing his

request for custody. See Tr. 2 at 1-5.

         {¶12} In her 18-page written decision issued November 13, 2018, the magistrate

recommended that legal custody of L.A. be placed with Samantha W., concluding: “Ivory

A. and [Appellant] are found to be ‘unsuitable’ as parents for [L.A.].” Magistrate’s Decision

at 18.

         {¶13} Appellant filed a Civ.R. 53 objection on November 19, 2018.1 Appellant filed

a supplemental objection on January 29, 2019, following procurement of the four volumes

of transcripts.

         {¶14} The trial court thereafter approved and adopted the magistrate’s decision in

full, thus granting Appellee Samantha W. legal custody. Appellant was granted

supervised and Skype visitation.

         {¶15} On March 4, 2019, Appellant Joseph filed a notice of appeal. He herein

raises the following sole Assignment of Error:

         {¶16} “l. THE COURT ERRED IN DETERMINING THAT THE APPELLANT WAS

UNSUITABLE AS A PARENT AND, THUS, SHOULD NOT HAVE CUSTODY OF HIS

MINOR CHILD.”



1   Ivory A. has not filed an appeal in this matter.
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2019 AP 03 0009                                               5


                                                I.

       {¶17} In his sole Assignment of Error, appellant argues the trial court erred in

finding him “unsuitable” to presently obtain custody of his daughter, L.A. We disagree.

       {¶18} Ohio has long recognized the general rule that “parent has a right to the

custody of his child against all other persons unless and until it is shown that the parent

has relinquished this right by contract, forfeited it by abandonment, or lost it because of

his unfitness or inability to provide a suitable home for [the] child.” In re Duffy, 78 Ohio

App. 16, 68 N.E.2d 842 (1946). The Ohio Supreme Court, in In re Perales (1977), 52 Ohio

St.2d 89, 369 N.E.2d 1047, further addressed the issues surrounding child custody

proceedings between a parent and a nonparent, holding as follows at the syllabus: “In an

R.C. 2151.23(A)(2) child custody proceeding between a parent and a nonparent, the

hearing officer may not award custody to the nonparent without first making a finding of

parental unsuitability-that is, without first determining that a preponderance of the

evidence shows that the parent abandoned the child, that the parent contractually

relinquished custody of the child, that the parent has become totally incapable of

supporting or caring for the child, or that an award of custody to the parent would be

detrimental to the child.”

       {¶19} Similarly, in In re Hockstok, 98 Ohio St.3d 238, 781 N.E.2d 971, 2002–

Ohio–7208, syllabus, the Ohio Supreme Court held that a trial court must make a

parental-unsuitability determination on the record before awarding legal custody to a

nonparent. Such a determination of unsuitability must be supported by a preponderance

of the evidence. Id. at ¶ 17, 781 N.E.2d 971. As long as the trial court's determination of

unsuitability is supported by a substantial amount of credible and competent evidence,
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2019 AP 03 0009                                               6

an appellate court will not disturb it. Radka v. McFall, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 04CA008438,

2004–Ohio–5181, ¶ 7, citing In re Adams, 9th Dist. Wayne No. 01CA0026, 2001–Ohio–

1652.

        {¶20} Furthermore, in proceedings involving the custody and welfare of children,

the power of the trial court to exercise discretion is peculiarly important. See In re Fout,

5th Dist. Delaware No. 04 CA-F 05036, 2005-Ohio-4344, ¶ 6, citing In re Rossantelli

Children, 5th Dist. Delaware No. 01CAF12072, 2002–Ohio–2525 (additional citations

omitted). Because custody issues are some of the most difficult and agonizing decisions

a trial judge must make, he or she must have wide latitude in considering all the evidence.

Davis v. Flickinger (1997), 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 418, 674 N.E.2d 1159. In analyzing the

difficult decisions that must be made by trial courts in these situations, we remain mindful

that unlike in a permanent custody proceeding where a juvenile court's standard of review

is by clear and convincing evidence, the standard of review in legal custody proceedings

is a preponderance of the evidence. See In re A.C., 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2006–12–

105, 2007–Ohio–3350 ¶ 14.

        {¶21} A review of the record before us reveals a number of concerns regarding

appellant. Even though he was advanced for a time from supervised visits with L.A. to in-

home unsupervised visits, there were indicators of a hoarding problem throughout the

house in which he was living when the hearings commenced. L.A. was provided with a

bed set up in the dining room, next to a highly-cluttered kitchen. In addition, at the

September 25, 2018 hearing, it abruptly came to light that appellant was moving to a

residence in Oak Hill, Ohio. No home study was done. Appellant intended to live there

with his mother. At the time of the final hearing, appellant was working at a job at a food
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2019 AP 03 0009                                                  7


processing plant making $10.34 per hour, but he did not yet have health insurance

available for the child. At the age of forty-five, appellant had not had a driver’s license for

more than twenty years. He testified that he had a bachelor’s degree in early childhood

education, but he conceded that the college was “not an accredited school.” Tr. 4 at 59.

Evidence was also adduced that during previous attempted Skype chats, appellant

seemed unable to maintain sustained verbal interaction with the child. The director of the

Caldwell visitation center rated the supervised visits by appellant as “3” on a scale of 1 to

10. Tr. 4 at 149.

       {¶22} Appellant was also involved in a somewhat puzzling incident in February

2018, when he and his mother took the child to the hospital for a SANE examination. L.A.

insisted nothing was wrong, but unidentified male “touch” DNA traces (not appellant’s)

were found in her underwear. Appellant then failed to provide authorities with the name

of a male individual, J.T., who may have been around the child during appellant’s visits.

Even though a hearing was scheduled for February 27, 2018, appellant did not tell

Nicholas, Appellee Samantha, the court, or the GAL about the hospital examination, and

he simply returned the child after the weekend visitation. Some of the medical and law

enforcement professionals involved in the incident thereafter expressed concern that

appellant was attempting to stage a sexual abuse claim in order to obtain custody.

       {¶23} Most important, however, is the question of appellant’s effective

abandonment of the child from the time of her birth in 2014 until appellant’s re-involvement

in 2017. We note R.C. 2151.011(C) states: “For the purposes of this chapter, a child shall

be presumed abandoned when the parents of the child have failed to visit or maintain

contact with the child for more than ninety days, regardless of whether the parents resume
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2019 AP 03 0009                                                   8


contact with the child after that period of ninety days.” Abandonment of a child has also

been defined as any conduct on the part of the parent which evinces a settled purpose to

forego all parental duties and relinquish all parental claims to the child. See In re J.J.F,

5TH Dist. Stark No. 2009CA00133, 2009-Ohio-4736, ¶45 (citations omitted).

       {¶24} During the hearings in the case sub judice, appellant tried to blame his

original lack of participation in the divorce on his alleged lack of transportation at the time.

He further claimed that he did not know how to ask for post-decree visitation, even though

the Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas provides online forms and basic

guidance on child custody issues. He also claimed he could not locate the child’s mother,

Ivory, and he otherwise worried she would not allow him to see the child. He thus

remained completely uninvolved in L.A.’s young life for a span of roughly three years, and

he now insists that he was “prevented” from seeing the child. Appellant’s Brief at 14, 16.

       {¶25} Our overall assessment is that as of late, appellant appears to have taken

a more responsible approach toward his parental duties. In the meantime, the juvenile

court's disposition of legal custody to a relative or third party leaves intact for him residual

parental rights, privileges, and responsibilities concerning L.A. See In re: N.P. 9th Dist.

Summit No. 21707, 2004–Ohio–110, ¶ 23 (additional citations and internal quotations

omitted). Nonetheless, in this instance, upon review of the record and the findings of fact

and conclusions of law therein, we find no basis to alter the decision of the trial court,

based on the adoption of the magistrate’s decision, and we conclude the grant of legal
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2019 AP 03 0009                                              9


custody to Samantha W. was made in the consideration of the child's best interests and

did not constitute an error or an abuse of discretion.2

       {¶26} Appellant's sole Assignment of Error is therefore overruled.

       {¶27} For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Court of Common Pleas,

Juvenile Division, Tuscarawas County, Ohio, is hereby affirmed.


By: Wise, J.

Gwin, P. J., and

Hoffman, J., concur.



JWW/d 1008




2   The thrust of appellant’s argument goes to the issue of parental unsuitability, rather
than a challenge to the trial court’s “best interest” analysis. However, in the interest of
justice, upon review, we have found no reversible error under the R.C. 3109.04(F)(1) best
interest factors. Among other things, we are persuaded from the record that Samantha
W. clearly has been the one consistently stable adult figure in L.A.’s life, resulting in
significant growth and development in various areas in the child’s life, and we note the
guardian ad litem has recommended legal custody to Samantha accordingly.
