                          STATE OF MICHIGAN

                           COURT OF APPEALS



LUCAS NBUNH and CAROLYN NBUNH,                                     UNPUBLISHED
                                                                   May 21, 2015
               Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v                                                                  No. 320426
                                                                   Kalamazoo Circuit Court
RUTH KERMAN PITKIN,                                                LC No. 2013-000218-NI

               Defendant-Appellee.


Before: DONOFRIO, P.J., and O’CONNELL and RONAYNE KRAUSE, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

       Plaintiffs, Lucas and Carolyn Nbunh, appeal as of right the trial court’s order dismissing
their automobile negligence case against defendant, Ruth Kerman Pitkin, under MCR
2.116(C)(10). The trial court determined that there was no genuine issue of material fact
regarding whether Lucas Nbunh’s injuries affected his ability to lead his life. We affirm.

                                           I. FACTS

        In July 2007, Lucas Nbunh was in an automobile accident and suffered from chest and
back problems. Lucas exacerbated his injuries in a fall in February 2010. Lucas’s doctor
diagnosed him with “[l]umbar stenosis and spasms on the left lumbar musculature” and
prescribed physical therapy. However, Lucas testified at deposition that after receiving physical
therapy, he was able to work and “do everything without any problem.”

        On August 16, 2010, Pitkin was unable to stop at a red light and collided with the rear
end of the vehicle behind Lucas, which in turn collided with Lucas’s vehicle. Lucas went to the
emergency room with complaints of pain in his left shoulder and chest. Lucas was eventually
diagnosed with chronic pain and will continue to require palliative treatment.

        Lucas testified that he was attending Calvin College at the time of the accident, and he
later graduated in May 2013 with a bachelor’s degree. He was employed at Community Living
Options in Kalamazoo at the time of the accident. He missed three days of work, but continues
to work there without restrictions. Lucas also works at Driveline Retail Solutions, where he lifts
product and stocks shelves. He occasionally suffers pain and sometimes stocks shelves while
kneeling or sitting, but he has never requested work accommodations. Lucas testified that he
used to garden, work out, and play soccer with his son, but he is no longer able to enjoy these


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activities because of pain. He also used to experience trouble driving, but with his deep massage
therapy, that has improved.

        In May 2013, the Nbunhs filed a complaint against Pitkin, alleging that Lucas suffered a
serious impairment of a bodily function in the car accident. Pitkin moved for summary
disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(10), alleging in pertinent part that Lucas’s injuries did not
affect his general ability to lead his daily life. The trial court ruled that Lucas’s life “hasn’t
changed very much at all from the evidence that’s before the Court.” It noted that Lucas had
only suffered three days off work, had no doctor-imposed restrictions, and few if any self-
imposed restrictions. Accordingly, it granted summary disposition in favor of Pitkin.

                                         II. ANALYSIS

        The Nbunhs contend that the trial court improperly granted summary disposition because
there was a question of fact regarding whether Lucas had suffered a serious impairment of a
bodily function. We disagree.

        This Court reviews de novo the trial court’s decision on a motion for summary
disposition. Maiden v Rozwood, 461 Mich 109, 118; 597 NW2d 817 (1999). A party is entitled
to summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(10) if “there is no genuine issue as to any material
fact, and the moving party is entitled to judgment . . . as a matter of law.” A genuine issue of
material fact exists if, when viewing the record in the light most favorable to the nonmoving
party, reasonable minds could differ on the issue. Allison v AEW Capital Mgt, LLP, 481 Mich
419, 425; 751 NW2d 8 (2008).

        The trial court must consider all the documentary evidence in the light most favorable to
the nonmoving party. MCR 2.116(G)(5); Maiden, 461 Mich at 120. To survive a motion for
summary disposition, once the moving party has identified issues in which there are no disputed
issues of material fact, the burden is on the nonmoving party to show that disputed issues exist.
MCR 2.116(G)(4); Quinto v Cross & Peters Co, 451 Mich 358, 362; 547 NW2d 314 (1996).
The nonmoving party “must go beyond the pleadings to set forth specific facts showing that a
genuine issue of material fact exists.” Id. at 362. If the nonmoving party does not make such a
showing, the trial court properly grants summary disposition. Id. at 363.

        Michigan’s no-fault insurance act, MCL 500.3101 et seq., generally limits tort liability
for non-economic loss in cases of motor vehicle negligence to a few specific circumstances.
MCL 500.3135; McCormick v Carrier, 487 Mich 180, 189; 795 NW2d 517 (2010). “A person
remains subject to tort liability for non-economic loss caused by his or her ownership,
maintenance, or use of a motor vehicle only if the injured person has suffered death, serious
impairment of a bodily function, or permanent serious disfigurement.” MCL 500.3135(1). A
serious impairment of a bodily function is defined as “an objectively manifested impairment of
an important bodily function that affects the person’s general ability to lead his or her normal
life.” MCL 500.3135(7).

       An impairment affects a person’s general ability to lead his or her normal life if it has “an
influence on some of the person’s capacity to live in his or her normal manner of living.”
McCormick, 487 Mich at 202. This may include the person’s ability to engage in recreational

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activities, as well as to work. See id. at 218. An injury need not destroy a person’s capacity to
live his or her normal life, and “there is no quantitative minimum as to the percentage of a
person’s normal manner of living that must be affected.” Id. at 202-203.

        As an initial matter, we note that the parties have appended additional documentary
evidence to their briefs on appeal concerning other recreational activities and limitations, and
they discuss this evidence in their arguments. We decline to consider these other activities in our
analysis. “This Court’s review is limited to the record established by the trial court, and a party
may not expand the record on appeal.” Sherman v Sea Ray Boats, Inc, 251 Mich App 41, 56;
649 NW2d 783 (2002). The parties did not present these portions of Lucas’s deposition or
Carolyn’s deposition to the trial court, and they are not part of the lower court record.

        In this case, the record before the trial court established that Lucas’s injuries did not
affect his ability to pursue his education or his ability to work two jobs. Lucas missed three days
of work, returned to work without restrictions, and completed his degree. While the injury
briefly limited Lucas’s ability to drive, Lucas testified that he was able to continue this activity
after his deep tissue massage therapy. Most importantly, there is no evidence in the record
concerning what portion of Lucas’s daily life was devoted to gardening, working out, and
playing soccer with his son, how long these limitations persisted after the accident, or if they
even continued to exist after his massage therapy. While we agree that a diminishment in
Lucas’s recreational activities could support a finding that the injury affected Lucas’s ability to
lead his daily life, Lucas simply did not meet his burden to establish that there was a genuine
issue of material fact regarding whether the injury affected his normal manner of living. We
conclude that the trial court properly determined that Lucas did not establish that his injury
affected his general ability to lead his daily life.

       We affirm.

                                                             /s/ Pat M. Donofrio
                                                             /s/ Peter D. O’Connell
                                                             /s/ Amy Ronayne Krause




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