J-A28017-19


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    IN THE INTEREST OF: M.G., A MINOR              IN THE SUPERIOR COURT
                                                      OF PENNSYLVANIA




    APPEAL OF: D.G., FATHER

                                                      No. 1597 EDA 2019


                  Appeal from the Order Entered May 30, 2019
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
                   Family Court at No: CP-51-DP-0000684-19


    IN THE INTEREST OF: L.G., A MINOR              IN THE SUPERIOR COURT
                                                      OF PENNSYLVANIA




    APPEAL OF: D.G., FATHER

                                                      No. 1598 EDA 2019


                  Appeal from the Order Entered May 30, 2019
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
                   Family Court at No: CP-51-DP-0000683-19


BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., STABILE, J., and COLINS, J.1

MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.:                       FILED FEBRUARY 11, 2020




____________________________________________


1    Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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      Appellant, D.G. (“Father”), appeals from the orders of May 30, 2019

declaring his children, M.G. and D.G. (“Children”), dependent, and placing

them in the home of Children’s paternal great aunt and uncle. We affirm.

      On April 26, 2019, N.D. (“Mother”) found two-year-old L.G. on N.D.’s

bed with dilated pupils, breathing slowly and staring blankly. Mother had left

L.G. on the bed watching television while Mother went to the bathroom to do

her hair. Recognizing the symptoms and believing L.G. found and ingested

an LSD pill from Mother’s purse, which was also on the bed, Mother called an

ambulance. St. Christopher’s Hospital treated and observed L.G. and then,

pursuant to an order for protective custody obtained by Philadelphia

Department of Human Services (“DHS”), released her to the custody of her

paternal great aunt and uncle. L.G. has not suffered any further complications

from ingesting LSD.

      As of this incident, Mother and Father were separated but still living in

the same home. Mother claimed she found the LSD pill in the couple’s car,

that it belonged to Father, and that she put it in her pocketbook so that Father

could not ingest it. A toxicology screen was performed 18 hours after L.G.

reportedly ingested the pill, too late to confirm the presence of LSD, which

clears the human blood stream within 12 hours. Nonetheless, Dr. Martina

Lind, one of L.G.’s treating doctors, testified that L.G.’s symptoms were

consistent with LSD ingestion.




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      Upon entry of the protective custody order for L.G., DHS devised a

safety plan that forbade, among other things, Mother to leave the couple’s

other child, nine-year-old M.G., home alone with Father. Mother promptly

violated that provision, and DHS obtained an order of protective custody for

M.G. as well, placing him with paternal great aunt and uncle.          A DHS

investigation revealed no prior abuse or neglect of either child, and that

Mother and Father maintain an appropriate home.

      After securing protective custody, DHS filed dependency petitions for

Children. The trial court conducted hearings on May 9 and May 30 of 2019.

At the conclusion of the hearing the trial court adjudicated Children dependent

and found that placement outside the home was necessary. Father filed these

timely appeals. He raises three issues for our review:

      1. Whether the trial court erred as a matter of law or abused its
         discretion in finding that the Philadelphia Department of
         Human Services met its burden to prove, by clear and
         convincing evidence, that L.G. and M.G. are dependent
         children[?].

      2. Whether the trial court erred as a matter of law or abused its
         discretion in finding that the Philadelphia Department of
         Human Services met its burden to prove that it was clearly
         necessary to remove L.G. and M.G. from their home[?]

      3. Whether the trial court erred as a matter of law in making the
         pre-placement     finding    required   by     23    Pa.C.S.A.
         § 6351(b)(2)the Pennsylvania Juvenile Act, by determining
         that the Philadelphia Department of Human Services made
         reasonable efforts to prevent or eliminate the need for the
         removal of L.G. and M.G. from their home[?]

Father’s Brief at 3.



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     We conduct our review as follows:

            [W]e must accept the facts as found by the trial court unless
     they are not supported by the record. Although bound by the
     facts, we are not bound by the trial court’s inferences, deductions,
     and conclusions therefrom; we must exercise our independent
     judgment in reviewing the court’s determination, as opposed to
     its findings of fact, and must order whatever right and justice
     dictate. We review for abuse of discretion. Our scope of review,
     accordingly, is of the broadest possible nature. It is this Court’s
     responsibility to ensure that the record represents a
     comprehensive inquiry and that the hearing judge has applied the
     appropriate legal principles to that record. Nevertheless, we
     accord great weight to the court’s fact-finding function because
     the court is in the best position to observe and rule on the
     credibility of the parties and witnesses.

Interest of K.C., 156 A.3d 1179, 1183 (Pa. Super. 2017)

     Father argues the trial court erred in finding Children dependent because

of one isolated incident with L.G., when no other evidence indicates that

proper parental care and control were lacking. Father argues the trial court

erred when it focused on the seriousness of the incident and the potential

danger to L.G.

     The Pennsylvania Juvenile Act defines “dependent child” in relevant part

as a child who:

            (1) is without proper parental care or control, subsistence,
     education as required by law, or other care or control necessary
     for his physical, mental, or emotional health, or morals. A
     determination that there is a lack of proper parental care or
     control may be based upon evidence of conduct by the parent,
     guardian or other custodian that places the health, safety or
     welfare of the child at risk, including evidence of the parent’s,
     guardian’s or other custodian’s use of alcohol or a controlled
     substance that places the health, safety or welfare of the child at
     risk[.]



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42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302, “Dependent child.” “The question of whether a child is

lacking proper parental care and control so as to be a dependent child

encompasses two discrete questions: whether the child presently is without

proper care or control, and if so, whether such care and control are

immediately available.” In re D.A., 801 A.2d 614, 619 (Pa. Super. 2002).

Proper parental care, in turn, is “that care which (1) is geared toward the

particularized needs of the child and (2) at a minimum, is likely to prevent

serious injury to the child.” Matter of C.R.S., 696 A.2d 840, 845 (Pa. Super.

1997).   The petitioner must establish dependency by clear and convincing

evidence. Id. at 843. That is, the evidence must be “so clear, direct, weighty,

and convincing as to enable the trier of facts to come to a clear conviction,

without hesitancy, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.” Id.

      Father relies on C.R.S., in which this Court reversed a finding of

dependency where the child suffered trauma, but the record indicated that the

child’s injuries were consistent with resuscitation efforts after a bout of sleep

apnea rendered the child unconscious. Id. at 843-45. The child had been

abused on prior occasions, but the trial court concluded that the parents had

made progress and that the prior incidents did not support a finding of present

or future inability to render proper care and control. Id. at 845-46.

      Father also relies on In re T.D., 553 A.2d 979 (Pa. Super. 1988),

appeal denied, 569 A.2d 1369 (Pa. 1989), in which the child’s mother was

failing to take her to therapy in accord with a service plan. The trial court


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found the child dependent, reasoning that the child was a victim of sexual

abuse, and that she was coping with the accidental death of a younger sister.

Id. at 980-81. This Court reversed in a split decision, noting that testifying

witnesses had not personally observed any ill effects in the child stemming

from her failure to attend therapy. Id. at 982. Furthermore, the witnesses

who testified that lack of therapy would harm the child were not psychologists

or psychiatrists. Id. at 982-83.

       Instantly, the trial court found a serious risk of injury to Children

because, two-year-old L.G. was left unattended and within reach of an LSD

pill. Dr. Lind testified that serious injury to L.G. was possible because she was

physically developed enough to be mobile, and she was probably hallucinating

from ingesting LSD. N.T. Hearing, 5/30/19, at 16. Moreover, the trial court

credited Mother’s testimony that L.G. ingested LSD that belonged to Father,

and Father never offered any evidence to contradict Mother’s testimony.2 Dr.

Lind said L.G.’s symptoms were consistent with ingestion of LSD, and nothing

in the record evidences any other cause for the symptoms. This case, unlike

T.D. and C.R.S., involved an incident that created a risk of serious injury to a

child, and the possibility that a similar incident could occur in the near future,

given Father’s dismissiveness and his dishonesty about his recreational drug


____________________________________________


2  Father argues on appeal that the only evidence of his LSD possession was
inadmissible hearsay, but he failed to make a hearsay objection at the hearing.
N.T. 5/30/19, at 29. He cannot raise this issue for the first time on appeal.
Pa.R.A.P. 302(a).

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use.    The record before us supports a finding, by clear and convincing

evidence, that L.G. was without proper parental care and control—as of the

time of her ingestion of LSD—because of the likelihood of serious injury to

L.G.

       Next, we will consider whether such care and control was immediately

available. On this point, the record reflects that Father was dismissive when

confronted with the fact that L.G. was taken to the hospital after ingesting

LSD that belonged to him, and that he reported no drug history. N.T. Hearing,

5/30/19, at 31-32. At a screening on May 9, 2019, Father tested positive for

marijuana.3     According to Mother, both she and Father had a history of

recreational drug use, including LSD. Id. at 29.

       For context, we provide the entirety of the trial court’s opinion:

              So, with respect to these adjudicatory phase [sic] of this
       case, it’s absolutely preposterous that there would even be a
       request that I not adjudicate dependent, based on the seriousness
       of this incident.

             And while, quite frankly, I’m glad that it didn’t turn out in
       the alternative, LSD is not a drug that I’m willing to gamble on
       with a child’s life. And let me be clear.



____________________________________________


3  The record also reflects that Father’s creatinine was diluted. N.T. Hearing,
5/30/19, at 32. According to various unpublished memoranda from this Court,
diluted creatinine evidences a person’s ingestion of certain fluids in attempt
to mask the presence of drugs in his or her urine. In re P.B., 2019 WL
4415159 (Pa. Super. Sept. 16, 2019); In re A.J.O., 2017 WL 3382461 (Pa.
Super. Sept. 6, 2017). Father notes that no witness testimony or other
evidence in the instant record explains this significance of his diluted
creatinine. We have not relied on this fact in support of our decision.

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            I am incorporating the testimony from the shelter care
      hearing of 5/1, at which point, I ordered mom upstairs for a
      screen, which she took, and mom was positive for marijuana.

            And, while this court is usually liberal in terms of marijuana
      use, understanding how far we’ve come in terms of views around
      marijuana, when I have to consider the safety of a two-year-old
      in making sure that you always are able to react to the needs of
      a two-year-old and, quite frankly, a nine-year-old, I’m not willing
      to gamble.

             That being—so, I am definitely adjudicating both children
      dependent, based on present inability. With respect to the
      commitment from DHS, for purposes of today, I am going to do a
      full commit to DHS.

            I don’t anticipate that this needs to be a long-term
      commitment to DHS, and I will bring this case back before me in
      the next 90 days, in the hopes that at least mom can start testing
      negative for the marijuana.

                                      […]

           I can’t take lightly the fact that LSD was available and easily
      accessible. The operative thing would have been, when mom
      found the LSD, to throw it out.

           When you realize that you have a two-year-old who is
      moving around, and into everything, that would’ve been the most
      appropriate thing to do, instead of just holding onto it.

N.T. Hearing, 5/30/19, at 46-48.

      Based on the foregoing, we reject Father’s argument that the trial court

adjudicated Children dependent based solely upon on the seriousness of a

single incident. In addition to the seriousness of the incident, the trial court

was concerned that Father would not be responsible enough to prevent a

similar incident from occurring in the near future, either with L.G. again or

with nine-year-old M.G. The record supports the trial court’s finding because,



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as we have already noted, Father was dismissive of the incident and because

Father tested positive for marijuana after having denied any recreational drug

use. For these reasons, we discern no error in the trial court’s finding that

proper parental care and control was not immediately available to Children.

      Next, Father argues that the record does not support the trial court’s

decision to remove Children from the home. This argument is simply a repeat

of Father’s argument that the trial court improperly relied on a single serious

incident. Father notes that the couple’s house was appropriate, and there was

no evidence of past abuse. Once again, we reject Father’s argument based

on the record support for the trial court’s concern that such an incident could

happen again, potentially resulting in serious injury to one of the children.

Both parents continued with their recreational drug use after the incident with

L.G., and Father was dismissive of the incident and dishonest about his

recreational drug use. We conclude the trial court did not err in removing

Children from the home with the hope of returning them once it was satisfied

that they would not have access to dangerous drugs.

      In his third and final argument, Appellant claims the trial court erred in

finding that DHS did not fail to make reasonable efforts to prevent placement

of Children. Section 6351(b) of the Juvenile Code requires certain findings

prior to placement of children outside of their home:

      (b) Required preplacement findings.--Prior to entering any
      order of disposition under subsection (a) that would remove a
      dependent child from his home, the court shall enter findings on
      the record or in the order of court as follows:

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            (1) that continuation of the child in his home would be
      contrary to the welfare, safety or health of the child; and

            (2) whether reasonable efforts were made prior to the
      placement of the child to prevent or eliminate the need for
      removal of the child from his home, if the child has remained in
      his home pending such disposition; or

            (3) if preventive services were not offered due to the
      necessity for an emergency placement, whether such lack of
      services was reasonable under the circumstances; or

            (4) if the court has previously determined pursuant to
      section 6332 (relating to informal hearing) that reasonable efforts
      were not made to prevent the initial removal of the child from his
      home, whether reasonable efforts are under way to make it
      possible for the child to return home; and

             (5) if the child has a sibling who is subject to removal from
      his home, whether reasonable efforts were made prior to the
      placement of the child to place the siblings together or whether
      such joint placement is contrary to the safety or well-being of the
      child or sibling.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6351(b).

      As set forth above, Children were removed from the home prior to the

adjudicatory hearing, without DHS having offered any preventative services.

In connection with the entry of the shelter care order of May 1, 2019, the trial

court found that no services were necessary due to the emergency that arose

with L.G. Order, 5/1/19 (“Further, the [c]ourt hereby finds that to allow this

child to remain in the home would be contrary to the child’s welfare, and that

[p]reventive services were not offered due to the necessity for emergency

placement […].”). Thus, pursuant to § 6351(b)(3), the question is whether

the lack of preventative services was reasonable under the circumstances.

Given our recitation of the evidence above, especially Dr. Lind’s testimony that

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L.G. was at risk of suffering a serious injury, we conclude the record supports

the trial court’s finding.      Furthermore, the record reflects that DHS

implemented a safety plan while L.G. was still in the hospital, pursuant to

which Children could remain at home so long as neither was left home alone

with Father. The parents promptly violated that condition when Mother went

to the hospital to visit L.G., leaving M.G. home alone with Father. The violation

of the safety plan, in addition to L.G.’s need for emergency treatment,

prompted the trial court to place both children with their great aunt and uncle.

Father’s argument ignores the import of § 6351(b)(3) and the evidence of

record.

      Because we have considered each of Father’s arguments and found no

basis for reversal of the trial court’s order, we affirm.

      Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 2/11/20




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