                                          COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
PUBLISHED


            Present: Judges Humphreys, O’Brien and Malveaux
            Argued at Richmond, Virginia


            PERRY EDWARD JONES
                                                                                 OPINION BY
            v.     Record No. 2069-16-2                                   JUDGE MARY GRACE O’BRIEN
                                                                               AUGUST 22, 2017
            LORI MICHELLE GATES


                                 FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF HENRICO COUNTY
                                         Richard S. Wallerstein, Jr., Judge

                           John P. Walsh (Denbigh Law Center, on briefs), for appellant.

                           Brandy M. Poss (Defazio Bal, P.C., on brief), for appellee.


                   Perry Edward Jones (“husband”) appeals the court’s failure to award him attorney’s fees

            from Lori Michelle Gates (“wife”) pursuant to a property settlement agreement. Specifically, he

            contends:

                           The trial court erred in denying [husband]’s motion for an award of
                           attorney’s fees and costs incurred in the successful defense of
                           [wife]’s attempts to have entered various drafts of a Military
                           Qualifying Court Order each of which were found to be in conflict
                           with the provisions of the parties’ written agreement which was
                           incorporated into the Final Decree, where the Agreement of the
                           parties specifically provided that, “. . . any such costs incurred by a
                           party [in] the successful defense [to] any action [for] enforcement of
                           the agreements, covenants, or provisions of [the] Agreement shall be
                           borne by the party seeking [to enforce compliance].”

            Finding no error, we affirm the court’s ruling.

                                                     I. BACKGROUND

                   On December 30, 2013, the parties entered into a property settlement agreement (“the

            agreement”) establishing, among other provisions, that “Wife shall receive one-half of the marital

            share of Husband’s military retirement accounts/plans. Such division shall be done by QDRO,
ADRO, or other required mechanism. The costs of preparing the paperwork shall be at Wife’s

expense.” The agreement also addressed the costs of enforcement as follows:

                (a) Husband and Wife agree that any costs, including, but not limited
                    to counsel fees . . . incurred by a party in the successful
                    enforcement of any of the agreements, covenants, or other
                    provisions of this Agreement, whether through litigation or other
                    action necessary to compel compliance herewith, shall be borne
                    by the defaulting party.

                (b) Husband and Wife further agree that any such costs incurred by a
                    party in the successful defense to any action for enforcement of
                    any of the agreements, covenants[,] or provisions of this
                    Agreement shall be borne by the party seeking to enforce
                    compliance.

The court incorporated the agreement into the parties’ final decree of divorce on February 12, 2014.

The matter remained on the docket for entry of an order dividing husband’s military retirement

benefits.1

        On June 30, 2014, the parties appeared before the court to enter a Military Qualifying Court

Order (“MQCO”) dividing the retirement benefits. Husband objected to the language of wife’s

proposed order and submitted an alternative. The court subsequently entered a modified version of

wife’s order and reserved husband’s request for attorney’s fees.

        Husband appealed the court’s entry of the MQCO and failure to award him attorney’s fees.

We held that the court did not err by including language in the MQCO requiring husband to

indemnify wife in the event of merger or waiver, despite the lack of an indemnification clause in the

agreement. Jones v. Jones, No. 0062-15-2, 2016 Va. App. LEXIS 29, at *14-16 (Feb. 2, 2016). We

further ruled that the court did err by inserting certain injunctive provisions into the order. Id. at




        1
          The divorce decree provided that “[t]his matter is held on open docket for 180 days for
entry of a qualified domestic relations order[] or similar orders for the purpose of dividing
husband’s military retirement accounts/plans as called for in the incorporated settlement
agreement.”
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*11-13. We did not address the issue of attorney’s fees because the court had not issued a final

order resolving that matter. Id. at *19.

        On remand, the court entered an amended MQCO in accordance with this Court’s order.

The court also denied both parties’ requests for attorney’s fees because “[h]usband’s refusal to

execute [wife’s] particular draft of the MQCO does not amount in substance to an enforcement of

the Agreement” and “neither party was found to be in default.” Husband filed a motion to

reconsider, which the court ultimately denied. Husband now appeals the court’s order denying his

request for attorney’s fees.

                                    II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

        “Property settlement agreements are contracts and are subject to the same rules of

construction that apply to the interpretation of contracts generally.” Southerland v. Estate of

Southerland, 249 Va. 584, 588, 457 S.E.2d 375, 378 (1995). We review a court’s interpretation of

the parties’ agreement de novo. Plunkett v. Plunkett, 271 Va. 162, 166, 624 S.E.2d 39, 42 (2006).

“[W]e are not bound by the trial court’s conclusions as to the construction of the disputed

provisions.” Smith v. Smith, 3 Va. App. 510, 513, 351 S.E.2d 593, 595 (1986).

        If a property settlement agreement does not contain a provision governing a fee dispute,

“[a]n award of attorney’s fees and costs ‘is a matter for the trial court’s sound discretion after

considering the circumstances and equities of the entire case.’” Mayer v. Corso-Mayer, 62

Va. App. 713, 731, 753 S.E.2d 263, 272 (2014) (quoting Artis v. Artis, 4 Va. App. 132, 138, 354

S.E.2d 812, 815 (1987)). Such decision “is reviewable on appeal only for an abuse of discretion.”

Graves v. Graves, 4 Va. App. 326, 333, 357 S.E.2d 554, 558 (1987).




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                                           III. ANALYSIS

       Husband contends that wife’s request for the court to enter the qualifying MQCO was an

“action for enforcement” against which he successfully defended. He argues that he is therefore

entitled to attorney’s fees pursuant to paragraph (b) of the agreement.2

       It is well-settled that parties may “adopt contractual provisions shifting the responsibility for

attorneys’ fees to the losing party in a contract dispute.” Ulloa v. QSP, Inc., 271 Va. 72, 81, 624

S.E.2d 43, 49 (2006). Code § 20-109(c) specifically addresses such provisions in a divorce action:

               In suits for divorce . . . if a . . . contract signed by the party to whom
               such relief might otherwise be awarded is filed before entry of a final
               decree, no decree or order directing the payment of . . . counsel fee
               . . . shall be entered except in accordance with that . . . contract.

Therefore, if a property settlement agreement contains a provision awarding attorney’s fees, the

court must follow the terms of that agreement, to the extent allowable by law. See Rutledge v.

Rutledge, 45 Va. App. 56, 61-62, 608 S.E.2d 504, 507 (2005).

       In reviewing a property settlement agreement, the court must determine “the intent of the

parties and the meaning of the language . . . from an examination of the entire instrument, giving

full effect to the words the parties actually used.” Layne v. Henderson, 232 Va. 332, 337-38, 351

S.E.2d 18, 22 (1986). Further, a court may not “read into [the property settlement agreement]

language which will add to or take away from the meaning of the words already contained therein.”

Wilson v. Holyfield, 227 Va. 184, 187, 313 S.E.2d 396, 398 (1984).




       2
         As an initial matter, wife moved to dismiss husband’s appeal because of his failure to
appeal a final order. However, because we find that husband perfected his appeal by identifying
the court’s final ruling that reinstated the order denying husband’s request for attorney’s fees, we
deny wife’s motion. See Va. Code § 17.1-405(3)(f) (granting this Court jurisdiction over “[a]ny
final judgment, order, or decree of a circuit court” concerning a “domestic relations matter
arising under Title 16.1 or Title 20”). Wife also alleges that we should decline to consider
husband’s assigned error pursuant to Rule 5A:8(b)(4)(ii). We disagree; husband provided a
sufficient appendix for this Court to address fully the merits of this case. See Rule 5A:25(c).
                                                  -4-
        Here, husband relies on paragraph (b) of the agreement awarding attorney’s fees to a party

who successfully defends an “action for enforcement.” Accordingly, we must first determine

whether wife’s request for the court to enter her proposed MQCO was an “action for enforcement”

of a provision of the agreement.

        Enforcement is defined as “[t]he act or process of compelling compliance with a . . . decree

or agreement.” Enforcement, Black’s Law Dictionary (9th ed. 2009). An action to enforce a

contractual obligation often originates with a rule to show cause. See Pellegrin v. Pellegrin, 31

Va. App. 753, 767-68, 525 S.E.2d 611, 618 (2000) (holding that wife’s motion for a rule to show

cause seeking compliance with a property settlement agreement was an “action for enforcement”

and awarding attorney’s fees under the terms of the agreement). See also Allen v. Allen,

66 Va. App. 586, 603-04, 789 S.E.2d 787, 795-96 (2016) (finding both parties “prevailed in

successfully enforcing different provisions” of a property settlement agreement when wife

established husband’s breach, and husband proved that wife’s contractual remedy was his personal

liability for her health insurance); Blue Cross of Va. v. Commonwealth, 218 Va. 589, 595-96, 239

S.E.2d 94, 96-97 (1977) (construing show cause rule as effort to “enforce” compliance with

statute).

        In this case, the parties agreed that the division of husband’s military retirement benefits

would be achieved by entry of a qualifying MQCO, to be drafted at a later date. The specific

provisions of the order were not established at the time of the divorce, and the matter remained on

the court’s docket for presentation and entry of the MQCO.

        The purpose of the June 30, 2014 hearing was to enter a proposed order dividing husband’s

retirement benefits. The matter was not docketed pursuant to a show cause rule to enforce

compliance with an existing order or agreement. Wife did not request a finding of contempt against

husband. Similarly, wife was not in default of the agreement; she was merely acting in furtherance

                                                  -5-
of the agreement by submitting a proposed MQCO to the court. Husband’s objection to language in

wife’s proposed order did not transform her request for its entry into an action for enforcement.

Therefore, we find that the court correctly ruled that wife’s request for entry of an order was not an

“action for enforcement” that warranted an award of attorney’s fees under the parties’ agreement.

        Because husband failed to establish that wife’s request for entry of the order was an action

for enforcement, we review the court’s failure to award him attorney’s fees under an abuse of

discretion standard. A trial court abuses its discretion

                when a relevant factor that should have been given significant weight
                is not considered; when an irrelevant or improper factor is considered
                and given significant weight; and when all proper factors, and no
                improper ones are considered, but the court, in weighing those
                factors, commits a clear error of judgment.

Landrum v. Chippenham & Johnston-Willis Hosps., Inc., 282 Va. 346, 352, 717 S.E.2d 134, 137

(2011) (quoting Kern v. TXO Prod. Corp., 738 F.2d 968, 970 (8th Cir. 1984)). The record indicates

that pursuant to the agreement, wife was required to draft the MCQO to divide husband’s retirement

benefits. Husband disagreed with wife’s proposed draft of the order and submitted an alternative.

The court eventually entered a modified version of wife’s draft. Husband appealed to this Court,

and we found that the order was consistent with the parties’ agreement with the exception of the

injunctive provisions. Therefore, because wife complied with the agreement, the circumstances of

this case show that the court did not abuse its discretion in denying husband’s request for fees.

        Wife also requests that this Court award her attorney’s fees and costs for defending the

appeal. Upon our review of the record, we decline to do so. See O’Loughlin v. O’Loughlin, 23

Va. App. 690, 695, 479 S.E.2d 98, 100 (1996).

        For these reasons, the judgment of the court is affirmed.

                                                                                             Affirmed.




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