        IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                         AT KNOXVILLE
                                       July 2000 Session

                   STATE OF TENNESSEE v. HENRY C. BOND

                      Appeal from the Criminal Court for Knox County
                        No. 63811, 65692    Ray L. Jenkins, Judge



                                 No. E1999-02183-CCA-R3-CD
                                        October 6, 2000

The Defendant was convicted by a Knox County jury of two counts of forgery not exceeding $500.
The Defendant was sentenced as a career offender to concurrent terms of six years on each
conviction. On appeal, the Defendant contends that the evidence is not sufficient to support his
convictions for forgery. Finding no error, we affirm.

            Tenn. R. App. 3 Appeal; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed.

ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER , J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JOSEPH M. TIPTON, and
JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS, JJ., joined.

Mark E. Stephens, District Public Defender; and David Gall, Assistant Public Defender, Knoxville,
Tennessee, for the appellant, Henry C. Bond.

Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter; R. Stephen Jobe, Assistant Attorney General;
Randall E. Nichols, District Attorney General, and Zane Scarlett, Assistant District Attorney
General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                            OPINION

        On April 9, 1997, the Defendant, Henry Bond, cashed a $450 check at Check X-Change in
Knoxville, Tennessee. The Defendant claimed that the check had been made out to him by Mark
Cagle. The Defendant told the employee of Check X-Change that Cagle had purchased a computer
from him at a flea market. After verifying the identification of the Defendant by calling references
and examining his photographic identification, the employee of Check X-Change cashed the check
for the Defendant. At the request of the clerk, the Defendant also filled out an information card.

       The Defendant returned three days later with a second check made out to him by the same
individual for the identical amount of money. The Defendant said the check was payment for
jewelry sold to Cagle at the flea market. The owner and manger of Check X-Change noticed that
the endorsement was similar to the handwriting on the front of the check. Suspicious, the owner told
the Defendant to wait while she performed additional verification. During this period, the Defendant
waited in the lobby of Check X-Change. At one point, the Defendant explained to the owner that
Cagle had accompanied him to Check X-Change three days earlier when he had cashed the first
check. The owner was able to reach Cagle, who told her he did not issue the check in question. The
owner then contacted the police, who came to the scene. Cagle drove to Check X-Change to speak
with the police and express his desire to prosecute. The police then arrested the Defendant for
forgery.

        Upon subsequent investigation, the police discovered that Cagle’s mother had sent him a
packet of checks about a week and a half before the April 12 incident which Cagle never received.
According to Cagle, he did not issue either check to the Defendant; nor were any of the other checks
in the packet ever discovered during the investigation.


                                    Sufficiency of the Evidence

          The Defendant now argues that the evidence was insufficient to support the jury’s verdict.
When an accused challenges the sufficiency of the evidence, an appellate court’s standard of review
is whether, after considering the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational
trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson
v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 324 (1979); State v. Duncan, 698 S.W.2d 63, 67 (Tenn. 1985); Tenn. R.
App. P. 13(e). This rule applies to findings of guilt based upon direct evidence, circumstantial
evidence, or a combination of both direct and circumstantial evidence. State v. Dykes, 803 S.W.2d
250, 253 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1990).

        In determining the sufficiency of the evidence, this Court should not re-weigh or re-evaluate
the evidence. State v. Matthews, 805 S.W.2d 776, 779 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1990). Nor may this
Court substitute its inferences for those drawn by the trier of fact from the evidence. Liakas v. State,
286 S.W.2d 856, 859 (Tenn. 1956); State v. Buggs, 995 S.W.2d 102, 105 (Tenn. 1999). On the
contrary, this Court must afford the State of Tennessee the strongest legitimate view of the evidence
contained in the record, as well as all reasonable inferences which may be drawn from the evidence.
State v. Evans, 838 S.W.2d 185, 191 (Tenn. 1992). Questions concerning the credibility of the
witnesses, the weight and value of the evidence, as well as all factual issues raised by the evidence
are resolved by the trier of fact. Liakas, 286 S.W.2d at 859. Because a verdict of guilt against a
defendant removes the presumption of innocence and raises a presumption of guilt, the convicted
criminal defendant bears the burden of showing that the evidence was legally insufficient to sustain
a guilty verdict. Id.

        In order to establish the crime of forgery, the State must show that the defendant forged a
writing with intent to defraud another. Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-14-114(a). In this case, the Defendant
now concedes that the checks presented were forged. However, he maintains that he did not
personally forge the checks and that he had no knowledge at the time he presented the checks to be
cashed that they had been forged. This Court must defer findings of intent to the jury unless no
reasonable person could have found as the jury did. See Tenn. R. App. P. 13(e). In this case, the


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finding of intent to defraud by the jury was well within reason given the surrounding circumstances.
The Defendant presented two checks from the same individual and alleged that both checks were
payment from two separate exchanges at the flea market. The checks were for an identical amount
and were presented within three days of each other. Both checks were from a book of checks that
Cagle had never received in the mail. None of the other checks from that book of checks ever turned
up after the Defendant was arrested. Moreover, the handwriting on the checks was very similar to
the endorsements on the checks. These coincidences are suspicious and certainly could be used by
a reasonable person to infer intent to defraud.

        The Defendant argues that because he did not attempt to flee, he obviously was not aware
that he had presented forged checks. However, there are other reasons why the Defendant could
have chosen to wait in the lobby of Check X-Change; for example, the Defendant could have truly
believed the owner was verifying the information, or the Defendant could have thought he did not
have the choice to leave, particularly after the arrival of the investigating police officer. Regardless,
the Defendant did not meet his burden of showing that no reasonable person could have inferred
intent to defraud from the evidence presented.

        Accordingly, we AFFIRM the convictions.


                                                        ___________________________________
                                                        ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, JUDGE




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