                   IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 19-0244
                              Filed January 9, 2020


RSB ENTERTAINMENT, LLC d/b/a PLAZA BOWL and RICHARD J. MOORES,
     Plaintiffs-Appellants,

vs.

HERITAGE BANK, N.A.,
     Defendant-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________


      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Woodbury County, Julie A.

Schumacher, Judge.



      RSB Entertainment, LLC and Richard Moores appeal from the district

court’s summary judgment ruling and dismissal of their claim for damages.

AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND REMANDED FOR NEW

TRIAL.



      John S. Moeller of John S. Moeller, P.C., Sioux City, for appellants.

      Sander J. Morehead of Woods, Fuller, Shultz & Smith, P.C., Sioux Falls,

South Dakota, for appellee.



      Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., Mullins, J., and Gamble, S.J.*

Schumacher, J., takes no part.

      *Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206

(2020).
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GAMBLE, Senior Judge.

      RSB Entertainment, LLC (RSB), and its sole shareholder, Richard Moores,

appeal from the district court order dismissing an action to recover funds from

Heritage Bank, N.A. The dispute stems from a loan from Heritage Bank to RSB

personally secured by Moores for the purpose of financing a bowling center. RSB1

contends the district court erred in granting Heritage Bank’s motion for partial

summary judgment concluding certain bowling equipment amounted to fixtures to

real estate purchased by the bank at sheriff’s sale following an earlier mortgage

foreclosure decree. RSB also appeals a finding by the district court upon trial of

its damage claim that Heritage Bank disposed of other collateral securing the loan

in a commercially reasonable manner. We affirm the district court in part and

reverse and remand in part.

I. Facts and Prior Proceedings

      In 2010, RSB obtained a loan from Heritage Bank to purchase Plaza Bowl

bowling alley and One Eyed Jack’s, an attached restaurant in Sioux City. Pursuant

to the loan agreement, RSB executed a promissory note for $1,525,000. Moores

personally guaranteed the loan. Heritage Bank obtained a mortgage on the real

property including fixtures and secured interests in RSB’s personal property.

      RSB defaulted on the note. On October 31, 2016, Heritage Bank obtained

a decree of foreclosure on the real property. On January 4, 2017, Heritage Bank

purchased the real property at a sheriff’s sale for $1,350,000 leaving a deficiency

of $136,447.53 subject to 6.25% annual interest and costs.


1 Both RSB and Moores appeal from the district court’s ruling. Because they bring
the same claims on appeal, we will generally refer to both appellants as RSB.
                                          3


       On January 3, 2017, Heritage Bank filed a replevin action to repossess the

personal property subject to the security interest. Heritage Bank attached to its

petition a list of personal property obtained from the original appraisal for the loan

and obtained a writ of replevin based on the listed property. Following the sheriff’s

sale and the filing of the replevin action, RSB vacated the premises. On January

5, 2017, Heritage Bank took possession of the property and performed an updated

inventory of the personal property surrendered by RSB to the bank. Heritage Bank

revised its list of personal property subject to the replevin action consistent with

the updated inventory. RSB did not contest the inventory or revised list of personal

property in the replevin action. On November 17, 2017, the Court entered a

judgment of replevin in favor of Heritage Bank for the personal property listed in

the revised list.

       From January 2017 to May 2017, Heritage Bank leased the real and

personal property to J&B Investments (J&B) for one dollar per month so long as

J&B covered any operating and maintenance associated with the bowling-alley

operation. Heritage Bank leased the property to J&B on a short term basis so that

the bowling league using Plaza Bowl could finish out the season and the property

could be marketed as an ongoing business. Heritage Bank entered into another

lease with J&B from August 2017 to May 2018, providing $3200 per month in rent

for the real property and use of the personal property inside. It also entered into a

lease agreement with Mangos, L.C. to operate One Eyed Jack’s restaurant for

$3200 per month.

       On June 13, 2017, shortly after Heritage took possession of the property,

Vander Werff & Associates appraised the unattached personal property as having
                                        4


a $34,000 liquidation value.2    In May 2018, Heritage Bank performed a final

walk-through of the property and created a list of personal property for final

disposition of the collateral.

       RSB commenced the present proceedings in April 2017 in effort to enjoin

Heritage Bank from disposing of the unattached personal property and obtain fair

compensation for use of the unattached personal property, including the Plaza

Bowl and One Eyed Jack’s tradenames. Heritage Bank answered, counterclaimed

and sought declaratory judgment that certain items of bowling equipment and

machinery are improvements, structures, fixtures, or replacements. Heritage Bank

sought partial summary judgment on its counterclaim. The district court granted

the bank’s motion for partial summary judgment and declared the identified items

are “fixtures, improvements, or replacements to the real property.”3

       Meanwhile, Heritage Bank used a commercial real estate company to

market the real and personal property as a going concern for purchase. On April

9, 2018, Heritage Bank and J&B entered into a purchase agreement and specified

closing would occur on May 17. Heritage Bank sent notice of disposition to RSB

on May 4. The bank attached a list of unattached personal property compiled at

the walk-through to the notice of disposition. J&B assigned its purchase rights to

Klinger Properties.    Klinger Properties then purchased the real property and

personal property from Heritage Bank for $850,000 with $136,000 allocated to the

personal property.



2 Vander Werff & Associates previously appraised the unattached personal
property in 2014 and valued it at $130,000.
3 RSB sought interlocutory appeal on this ruling, which the supreme court denied.
                                        5


      RSB requested an accounting for Heritage Bank.           After applying the

proceeds of the sale and proceeds from renting the personal property, a deficiency

of $11,000 remained. In order to clear a lien, Moore paid the remaining balance

due to Heritage Bank.     At trial, RSB challenged the timing of the notice of

disposition, the commercial reasonableness of the sale of the personal property,

the amount of rental income produced by the real property, and value and items

disposed of in the disposition. RSB sought monetary damages.

      The district court determined notice of disposition was timely and the

disposition was commercially reasonable in all respects.        The district court

dismissed RSB’s claim for damages. RSB now appeals the dismissal of their

action for damages and the district court’s partial summary judgment ruling.

II. Analysis

      A. Fixtures.

      First we address RSB’s claim that the district court erred in awarding

summary judgment to Heritage Bank concluding bowling lanes, bowling ball return

systems, bowling ball pin-setting equipment, and bowling ball scoring systems

amounted to fixtures, improvements, or replacements to the real property.

      We review a grant of summary judgment for correction of errors at law. See

Crippen v. City of Cedar Rapids, 618 N.W.2d 562, 565 (Iowa 2000). Summary

judgment is appropriate “if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories,

and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no

genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to

judgment as a matter of law.” Iowa R. Civ. P. 1.981(3). “In assessing whether
                                            6


summary judgment is warranted, we view the entire record in a light most favorable

to the nonmoving party.” Crippen, 618 N.W.2d at 565.

         Finding no question of material fact, we conclude the district court properly

granted Heritage Bank’s motion for partial summary judgment because the

identified property constituted fixtures.

         Under our common law rule personal property becomes a fixture
         when:
         (1) it is actually annexed to the realty, or to something appurtenant
         thereto;
         (2) it is put to the same use as the realty with which it is connected;
         and
         (3) the party making the annexation intends to make a permanent
         accession to the freehold.

Young v. Iowa Dep’t of Transp., 490 N.W.2d 554, 556 (Iowa 1992); First Trust &

Sav. Bank of Moville, Iowa v. Guthridge, 445 N.W.2d 401, 402 (Iowa Ct. App.

1989).

         RSB contends there is a question whether the various equipment was

intended to be permanently placed in the real property defeating fixture

classification.   RSB cites Moores’ affidavit stating the equipment was to be

periodically replaced. But Moores’ statement of subjective intent in itself does not

sway our classification of the property as fixtures.

         The character of the annexation and the use, if found, is mainly of
         importance in determining the intention of defendant in making it.
         This intention is not the secret purpose of the owner, but that which
         should be implied from his acts. This is ordinarily to be inferred from
         the nature of the article, the manner and object of its use, and mode
         of its annexation.

Thomson v. Smith, 83 N.W. 789, 790 (1900). One can imagine a number of

components of real property that are periodically replaced in the practice of good

stewardship and are undeniably a part of real property such as siding or roofing
                                          7

material. Instead, we conclude “intent is to be inferred from the nature of the

machinery, the relation of the parties, the structure and mode of the annexation[,]

and the purpose of the annexation.” FirstMerit Bank, N.A. v. Antioch Bowling

Lanes, Inc., 108 F. Supp. 3d 618, 622 (N.D. Ill. 2015). Put another way,

       if an owner of the premises installed equipment necessary to use the
       realty in the manner in which he used it, and the equipment was in
       fact necessary to the realty’s use, the owner [is] viewed as having
       intended a permanent installation and the equipment [is] viewed as
       a fixture.

Id.

       We conclude the bowling lanes, bowling ball return systems, bowling ball

pin-setting equipment, and bowling ball scoring systems installed in a building that

operated as a bowling alley for several decades amount to fixtures. To conclude

otherwise would impermissibly substantially diminish the value of the real property.

See Ford v. Venard, 340 N.W.2d 270, 272 (Iowa 1983); see also FirstMerit Bank,

N.A., 108 F. Supp. 3d at 625 (“[T]he court concludes that ABL’s bowling lanes,

including approaches, lane gutters, bowling ball return system, pin setting

machines, and scoring consoles are essential to the real property’s long-time use

as a bowling alley and are fixtures, subject to FirstMerit’s mortgage.”).

       With respect to the summary judgment ruling, we affirm.

       B. Commercial Reasonableness of Disposition

       Next we address RSB’s claim that Heritage Bank did not dispose of the

collateral in a commercially reasonable manner.

       “Our review of the court’s decision after trial is governed by how the case

was tried in the district court.” Howard v. Schildberg Constr. Co., 528 N.W.2d 550,

552 (Iowa 1995). Believing the case was tried in equity, the parties claim our
                                          8

review is de novo. See Iowa R. App. P. 6.907. In fact, the petition was filed in

equity. However, “[t]he essential character of a cause of action and the relief it

seeks, as shown by the complaint, determine whether an action is at law or equity.”

Knudsen v. Andreasen, 462 N.W.2d 294, 295 (Iowa Ct. App. 1990). Here, RSB

sought money damages, indicating this is an at law action. Moreover, these

proceedings carry the hallmarks of a law action such as evidentiary rulings and

entry of an order rather than a decree. See Sutton v. Iowa Trenchless, L.C., 808

N.W.2d 744, 748 (Iowa Ct. App. 2011). “We find the case was tried as a law action

below, and as such, our review is for correction of errors at law.” Id. at 748–49;

see also C&J Leasing Corp. v. Beasley Invest., Inc., No. 08-0074, 2009 WL

777870, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App. Mar. 26, 2009) (“Our scope of review in this action is

for the correction of errors at law.”).

       The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) is codified in Iowa Code chapter

554.4 Iowa Code § 554.1101 (2017). “Sections 554.9609(1)(a) and 554.9610(1)

allow a secured creditor, such as [Heritage Bank], to repossess and dispose of

collateral upon a debtor’s default.” C&J Leasing Corp., 2009 WL 777870, at *2.

Upon disposition, a secured creditor must “apply the proceeds of the disposition

first to the expenses of the disposition and then to the satisfaction of the

indebtedness secured by the collateral.” See id.; accord Iowa Code § 554.9615(1).

“The debtor . . . is liable for any deficiency under section 554.9615(4).”    C&J

Leasing Corp., 2009 WL 777870, at *2.




4Article 9 of the UCC covering secured transactions is provided for in article 9 of
chapter 554. See Iowa Code § 554.9101.
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       “Every aspect of a disposition of collateral, including the method, manner,

time, place, and other terms, must be commercially reasonable.” Iowa Code

§ 554.9610(2). “A creditor is additionally required to provide the debtor . . . with a

‘reasonable authenticated notification of disposition’ within a reasonable time

before the intended disposition.” C&J Leasing Corp., 2009 WL 777870, at *3

(quoting Iowa Code § 554.9611(2)). As such, the secured creditor must dispose

of the collateral in a commercially reasonable manner and provide notice of the

same. See Hartford–Carlisle Sav. Bank v. Shivers, 566 N.W.2d 877, 880 (Iowa

1997). However, a secured creditor is not required to prove compliance unless the

debtor challenges the secured party’s compliance.                 See Iowa Code

§ 554.9626(1)(a). Here, RSB challenges notice.

       The district court concluded Heritage Bank gave RSB proper notice of

disposition because the notice complied with requirements of Iowa Code sections

554.9611 and 554.9613. Further, the district court found the notice to be timely

with respect to section 554.9612.

       However, Heritage Bank provided RSB notice of disposition after it entered

into the purchase agreement. The purchase agreement did not preserve RSB’s

right to redemption or its right to present a higher bid. As a result, the notice of

disposition was the functional equivalent of no notice at all because it did not

protect RSB from a potentially inadequate price and foreclosed RSB’s ability to

influence the purchase price. Cf. Beneficial Fin. Co. of Black Hawk Cty. v. Reed,

212 N.W.2d 454, 459 (Iowa 1973) (“The purpose of notice is to permit the debtor

to bid at the sale or to protect [itself] from an inadequate sale price.”); accord

Knierim v. First State Bank, 488 N.W.2d 454, 457 (Iowa Ct. App. 1992)
                                        10


(considering if notice was adequate to permit the debtor to purchase the property

when determining whether the purpose of the notice requirement was frustrated).

       RSB argues the sale was not commercially reasonable because the notice

was fatally flawed. We agree the notice was defective. However, we conclude the

flaw was not fatal because Heritage Bank’s failure to provide RSB with proper

notice of disposition is not an absolute bar to the recovery of a deficiency. See

C&J Leasing Corp., 2009 WL 777870, at *5 (acknowledging the “absolute bar rule”

is no longer applicable).

       Heritage Bank argues even if the notice of disposition was untimely, the

district court correctly found the sale was commercially reasonable under Knierim,

488 N.W.2d at 457, because the sale price of the collateral was equal to or greater

than market value. Relying on Barnhouse v. Hawkeye State Bank, 406 N.W.2d

181, 186 (Iowa 1987), Knierim allowed a commercially reasonable sale to proceed

as an exception to the absolute bar rule even though the bank failed to provide the

debtor with notice of disposition. Knierim, 488 N.W.2d at 457; Hartford–Carlisle

Sav. Bank, 566 N.W.2d at 883 (“We do not view Barnhouse as abrogating the

absolute bar rule. Rather we view Barnhouse as an exception to the rule and

therefore must be limited to its facts.”). However, Knierim was decided prior to

amendments to chapter 554 adopting the rebuttable presumption rule. See 2001

Iowa Acts ch. 1149, § 124 (codified at Iowa Code § 554.9626); C&J Leasing Corp.,

2009 WL 777870, at *5.

       A deficiency in notice triggers the rebuttable presumption rule. See Gen.

Elec. Capital Corp. v. FPL Serv. Corp., 995 F. Supp. 2d 935, 940 (N.D. Iowa 2014)

(applying Iowa law and finding failure to provide notice triggers the rebuttable
                                         11

presumption rule); Regions Bank v. Thomas, 532 S.W.2d 330, 337 (Tenn. 2017)

(finding deficient notice triggered rebuttable presumption rule under article 9 of the

UCC). The rebuttable presumption rule shifts the burden to the creditor to prove

the amount of proceeds that would have been realized had it provided proper

notice would have been less than the proceeds actually achieved. See Iowa

Code § 554.9626(1)(c)(2); Gen. Elec. Capital Corp., 995 F. Supp. 2d at 940. The

district court erred in applying the outdated Knierim/Barnhouse exception to the

absolute bar rule in determining whether the Heritage Bank was entitled to a

deficiency following a commercially reasonable sale.          Instead, the statutory

rebuttable presumption rule applies. Therefore, we conclude the district court

applied the wrong legal standard in determining Heritage Bank’s entitlement to a

deficiency.5

       Remand is necessary so the district court can apply the rebuttable

presumption rule to determine whether Heritage Bank is entitled to a deficiency.

We do not reach the remaining issues raised by RSB in this appeal as they are

related to the amount of deficiency, if any.

       Because the court applied the incorrect legal standard, we reverse and

remand for new trial.

III. Conclusion

       The district court properly granted summary judgment determining various

items of bowling equipment amounted to fixtures to the real property. However,



5Neither party briefed the rebuttable presumption rule. However, RSB raised the
adequacy of notice of disposition and the commercial reasonableness of the sale
at trial and on appeal. Therefore, we conclude error is preserved.
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the court erred in determining disposition was commercially reasonable. We

remand to the district court for new trial to determine whether Heritage Bank is

entitled to a deficiency, and if so, the amount.

       AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND REMANDED FOR NEW

TRIAL.
