                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                      No. 16-1075
                               Filed September 28, 2016


IN THE INTEREST OF Y.G. AND E.G.,
Minor children,

M.G., Mother,
J.G., Father,
       Appellants.
________________________________________________________________


       Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Muscatine County, Gary P.

Strausser, District Associate Judge.



       A mother and father separately appeal the termination of their parental

rights to their two children. AFFIRMED.



       Sara Strain Linder of Bray & Klockau, P.L.C., Iowa City, for appellant

mother.

       Brian J. Metcalf of Metcalf, Conlon, & Siering, P.L.C., Muscatine, for

appellant father.

       Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorney

General, for appellee State.

       Kathryn J. Salazar of Lamping, Schlegel, & Salazar, L.L.P., Washington,

guardian ad litem for minor children.



       Considered by Vogel, P.J., and Vaitheswaran and McDonald, JJ.
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VOGEL, Presiding Judge.

       A mother and father separately appeal the termination of their parental

rights to their two children.      Because the parents have not addressed the

problems that prompted the removal of their children, we affirm the district court.

I. Background Facts and Procedural History.

       The children, Y.G., born October 2010, and E.G., born November 2011,

came to the attention of the Iowa Department of Human Services (DHS) in June

2014, after an incident of domestic violence between the parents in the home,

coupled with parental substance abuse. One of the mother’s older children, not

subject to these proceedings, related that marijuana was being packaged in and

sold from the family home.

       The children were removed from the home and placed with other family

members. In August 2014, they were adjudicated to be in need of assistance

under Iowa Code section 232.2(6)(c)(2) and (n) (2013).                  Protective and

reunification services were offered, including substance abuse and mental health

evaluations and treatment programs. In July 2015, after more than one year of

offered services, the State filed a petition to terminate the mother’s and father’s

parental rights. The matter came on for hearing on November 25, December 2,

and December 16, culminating in a status review hearing on January 21, 2016.

By written ruling filed on June 10, 2016, the district court ordered the mother’s

and the father’s parental rights terminated as to Y.G. and E.G.1 under Iowa Code

section 232.116(1)(f) (2015). Both parents appeal.2


1
  E.G. turned four years of age on the second day of testimony, but the district court
terminated the parents’ rights under section 232.116(1)(h), which requires the child to be
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II. Scope of Review.

       Our review of termination of parental rights proceedings is de novo. In re

P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 40 (Iowa 2010). We are not bound by the juvenile court’s

findings of fact, but we do give them weight, especially in assessing the credibility

of witnesses. In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 492 (Iowa 2000). The State must

establish the grounds for termination under Iowa Code section 232.116 by clear

and convincing evidence. Id. Our primary consideration is the best interests of

the children. In re A.B., 815 N.W.2d 764, 776 (Iowa 2012).

III. Grounds for Termination.

       Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(f) provides termination may be ordered if:

               (f) The court finds that all of the following have occurred:
                      (1) The child is four years of age or older.



three years old or younger. The mother and father assert on appeal this was error. See
Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(h)(1). In light of this issue, our court ordered a limited remand
to allow the State to seek to amend the petition to reflect the proper statutory grounds as
to E.G. Upon notice and opportunity to be heard for all parties, the district court
considered and granted the State’s motion to amend the petition. See In re M.T., 613
N.W.2d 690, 693 (Iowa Ct. App. 2000). The court then found clear and convincing
evidence to terminate the parents’ rights under section 232.116(1)(f) because E.G. was
four years of age and had been removed from the parents’ custody since June 9, 2014.
Compare Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(f), with § 232.116(1)(h). We will thus proceed to
address the termination of E.G. under paragraph (f) and not paragraph (h).
2
  The mother also asserts the district court erred in not dismissing the underlying child-
in-need-of-assistance (CINA) petitions because the attorney who sought the ex parte
removal of the children had represented the mother in her 2010 dissolution of marriage
case. Finding a conflict of interest had occurred, resulting in a violation of the mother’s
due process rights, the district court nonetheless declined to dismiss the CINA action.
The court noted: (1) the attorney had withdrawn from the CINA proceeding just after the
removal and prior to adjudication; (2) the issue had been waived as it was not brought to
the court’s attention until September 29, 2015, after the termination petition was filed,
and more than fifteen months after removal; and (3) the mother only sought the CINA
dismissal to thwart the termination from proceeding. No appeal was filed in the
underlying CINA case. We agree with the State the issue is now moot. See generally In
re A.M.H., 516 N.W.2d 867, 871 (Iowa 1994) (“Any error committed in granting the
temporary ex parte order cannot now be remedied. We cannot go back in time and
restore custody based on alleged errors in the initial removal order.”). We affirm the
district court’s decision denying the mother’s motion to dismiss the CINA actions.
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                    (2) The child has been adjudicated a child in need of
      assistance pursuant to section 232.96.
                    (3) The child has been removed from the physical
      custody of the child’s parents for at least twelve of the last eighteen
      months, or for the last twelve consecutive months and any trial
      period at home has been less than thirty days.
                    (4) There is clear and convincing evidence that at the
      present time the child cannot be returned to the custody of the
      child’s parents as provided in section 232.102.

      A. The Mother.

      The record reflects the mother’s primary barriers to having her children

return to her at the present time are her severe and untreated mental health

problems and accompanying abuse of prescription medication and controlled

substances.   In December 2014, the mother participated in a psychological

evaluation at which time she reported she had received periodic mental health

services since 2009. She also reported being hospitalized three times for mental

health reasons, including one suicidal ideation in June 2014. She stated she has

used cocaine and marijuana and uses a variety of prescription medications,

including Wellbutrin, oxycodone, Vicodin, Percocet, and Dilaudid. She reported

having been arrested twice in recent times, once for a theft and another for

resisting arrest. The mental health evaluator noted the mother’s “profile suggests

she likely has a long-standing personality problem.”          Her diagnosis was

“Somatoform disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Avoidant Personality

Disorder, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.” The treatment recommendations

included psychotherapy and medication management, as there were concerns

the mother had a substance abuse problem. Despite these recommendations,

which were incorporated into the September 2014 dispositional order, the mother

has failed to engage in needed services.
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           In the three substance abuse evaluations conducted since June 2014, the

mother tested positive for various controlled substances, including marijuana; yet

she claimed she only takes medications to control her many health complaints.

She has not been willing to cooperate with offered assistance in managing her

medications and has appeared intoxicated and otherwise drug affected on

several occasions, including during supervised visitation with the children. The

district     court   noted   the   mother’s       “medication-seeking   behavior”   was

demonstrated by more than twenty emergency room visits in 2014 and 2015,

which were clearly motivated by a desire to gain access to more medications.

She did this in spite of her Medicaid restriction to utilize only one medical facility

because she had been identified as a person suspected of abusing prescription

medications. The mother admits she suffers from depression but denies any

need for counseling or other assistance other than to continue self-medicating.

           B. The Father.

           When this case began in June 2014, the father was arrested for domestic

abuse, but several months later, the charge was dismissed. In February 2015,

the father was arrested and charged with multiple counts of possession of

various controlled substances. The arresting officer noted that the father—as

well as the mother, who was with him at the time—appeared to be under the

influence of an undetermined substance. On April 7, 2015, the father pled guilty

to one count of possession of a controlled substance, alprazolem, in violation of

Iowa Code section 124.401(5), and he was given a deferred judgment and

placed on unsupervised probation for two years.              One of the terms of his

probation was that he “have no further law violation.” In May 2015, the father
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tested positive for oxycodone/oxymorphone and marijuana. In July 2015, the

substance abuse counselor assessed his alcohol dependence to be in full

remission, but she recommended that he participate in continued drug testing.

On October 8, 2015, the father tested positive for morphine and marijuana.

      The father continued to defend the mother’s behavior and denied she had

any problems other than some depression. He also denied his own drug use but

admitted he took various pain medications, stockpiling both his and the mother’s

medications so both could take them as they saw fit. Although the father testified

at the termination hearing that he did not use marijuana, the district court found

his denial not credible, as evidenced by the father’s own October 2015 positive

drug screen.

      C. Analysis.

      During the course of these proceedings, the mother and father have

moved from place to place, staying often with extended family members. Their

most recent dwelling was in a one-room motel room.

      The DHS caseworker summarized the parents’ lack of reunification

progress in her November 25, 2015 testimony stating:

      For all of the concerns that were initially identified perhaps with the
      exception of the domestic violence [they] have not been addressed
      at all. They are—the same concerns that we identify in today’s
      hearings were the same exact concerns that were identified at the
      inception of this case without any real progress being noted for
      either one of these parents.

      The district court echoed these concerns, finding, “all the concerns that

were present at the beginning of this case remain, but for domestic violence.”
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We agree with the district court the State proved by clear and convincing

evidence the grounds for termination under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(f).

IV. Reasonable Efforts.

      The mother and father both assert the State failed to make reasonable

efforts in reunifying them with their children. A recap of the services offered the

parents include:

      case management, family team meetings, family-centered services,
      referrals to mental health providers, referrals to substance abuse
      providers, transportation, relative placement, supervised visitation,
      unannounced drop-in visits, and referrals to community and support
      resources. Additionally, the parents have had access to court
      ordered funding in an effort to address any unidentified mental
      health needs and funding for drug screening.

      In addition, although given the contact information and access to

community resources, neither parent has availed himself or herself of the offers.

As the July 2015 DHS report stated, the parents “either lack[ed] [the] ability to

make the necessary changes or [had a] minimal desire or willingness to make

necessary changes to facilitate reunification.” We agree; reasonable efforts were

made by the State to promote reunification, but the parents simply did not utilize

the services offered and instead denied their need for services.

V. Best Interests of the Children and Barriers to Termination.

      Before deciding whether to terminate the mother’s and the father’s

parental rights, the district court considered the children’s safety, the best

placement for furthering the long-term nurturing and growth of the children, and

the physical, mental, and emotional condition and needs of the children, as

directed by Iowa Code section 232.116(2). See also In re J.E., 723 N.W.2d 793,

802 (Iowa 2006) (Cady, J., concurring specially) (stating a child’s safety and
                                         8


need for a permanent home are the defining elements in a child’s best interests).

The court also considered that the children were in relative placement and that

the parents had a bond with the children. See Iowa Code § 232.116(3). The

court concluded,

       The children are clearly bonded to their parents; however, the
       children need permanency and cannot be returned to their parents
       now or at any time in the near future. The parents refuse to accept
       that there are any issues that they need to address and, thus, they
       have failed to do so. The parents have not been honest regarding
       their use and abuse of controlled substances and, as a result, have
       made no progress in this area. The parents have no stable
       housing. The [DHS] has not been able to assess the parents’
       housing because the parents failed to advise the [DHS] where they
       were residing. Visitation remains fully supervised. The mother has
       failed to use services such as the Lock-in provider. [The father]
       enables his wife’s prescription-seeking behavior and would not
       protect the children from her. Both parents continue to have
       absolutely no insight concerning their issues. [The mother] has not
       addressed her mental health issues. This has affected visitation.
       She has trouble refocusing on the children. [The father’s] attitude
       towards parenting is that they do not need it. Neither parent has
       benefitted from the parenting education offered.

We agree it was in the children’s best interest to terminate both the mother’s and

the father’s parental rights and nothing militated against termination.

VI. Additional Time.

       Finally, both parents requested additional time to work towards

reunification. Under Iowa Code section 232.104(2)(b), a court may authorize a

six-month extension of time if it determines “the need for removal of the child

from the child’s home will no longer exist at the end of the additional six-month

period.” Yet with little to no progress made and the children having been out of

the home since June 2014, we agree with the DHS caseworker’s assessment
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and the district court’s conclusion that additional time would not alter the parents’

ability to parent these young children safely and adequately.

VII. Conclusion.

       We agree the State proved by clear and convincing evidence the parents’

rights should be terminated as to Y.G. and E.G. under section 232.116(1)(f). We

agree with the district court that termination is in the children’s best interests and

additional time will not facilitate the parents’ ability to safely parent these children.

We therefore affirm the district court’s decision.

       AFFIRMED.
