MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                            FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                        Oct 18 2018, 6:14 am

regarded as precedent or cited before any                                         CLERK
court except for the purpose of establishing                                  Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                                 Court of Appeals
                                                                                   and Tax Court
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.


ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS                                 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
Marcy Wenzler                                            Christine L. Bartlett
Indiana Legal Services, Inc.                             Ferguson Law
Bloomington, Indiana                                     Bloomington, Indiana
Brandon Beeler
Indiana Legal Services, Inc.
Indianapolis, Indiana



                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Glenny Cornwell and James                                October 18, 2018
Cornwell,                                                Court of Appeals Case No.
Appellants-Defendants,                                   53A01-1712-SC-2880
                                                         Appeal from the Monroe Circuit
        v.                                               Court
                                                         The Honorable Valeri Haughton,
Bloomington Housing Authority,                           Judge
Appellee-Plaintiff.                                      Trial Court Cause No.
                                                         53C08-1704-SC-779



Robb, Judge.




Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A01-1712-SC-2880 | October 18, 2018           Page 1 of 11
                                Case Summary and Issue
[1]   After Glenny Cornwell failed to complete community service hours required by

      her lease agreement with the Bloomington Housing Authority (“BHA”), BHA

      filed a small claims ejectment action against Cornwell and the trial court

      ordered Cornwell to vacate the premises. This case presents one issue for our

      review: whether the trial court’s judgment was clearly erroneous. Concluding it

      is not, we affirm.



                            Facts and Procedural History
[2]   On April 12, 2012, Cornwell signed a one-year lease agreement with automatic

      renewal with the BHA to rent a unit located on East Miller Drive in

      Bloomington, Indiana. The lease contained a Community Service and

      Economic Self-Sufficiency Requirement (“CSSR”), which required each adult

      resident of BHA to perform or participate in community service, an economic

      self-sufficiency program such as substance abuse or mental health counseling,

      or a combination of the two for eight hours each month unless he or she was

      otherwise exempt from the requirement. Among the exemptions to the CSSR

      are any individuals who are in a family receiving assistance under a welfare

      program of the State of Indiana, including the Supplemental Nutrition

      Assistance Program (“SNAP”), and who are in compliance with the program.


[3]   Originally, BHA mistakenly told Cornwell that her family was exempt from the

      CSSR because they received food stamps through SNAP. However, due to


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A01-1712-SC-2880 | October 18, 2018   Page 2 of 11
      Cornwell’s prior felony conviction, she was not eligible for food stamps

      although she remained head of the family’s SNAP assistance group and payee

      for benefits. On October 1, 2012, BHA notified Cornwell via letter that she was

      not exempt from the CSSR and failure to comply would result in non-renewal

      and termination of her lease agreement with BHA.


[4]   After Cornwell signed the original lease in 2012, she renewed her lease each

      year for the following four years by signing an Addendum to the original lease

      at the annual recertification.1 During this time, BHA sent Cornwell several

      notices reminding her that she was required to complete community service.2


[5]   Cornwell did not report any community service hours to BHA until May 2015

      when she reported 248 hours for babysitting for another resident while the

      resident attended school in 2014 and BHA credited the additional hours over

      the requirement for the period.


[6]   On April 1, 2016, Cornwell signed three documents: (1) an Addendum to

      renew her lease from April 2016 to April 2017; (2) a CSSR Annual Renewal

      Form, which stated she was required to perform eight hours of community

      service; and (3) a Non-Compliance Agreement, which stated Cornwell’s




      1
        On February 14, 2013, she renewed her lease for April 2013 to April 2014. On January 27, 2014, she
      renewed her lease from April 2014 to April 2015, and she signed another Addendum on May 14, 2014 to
      renew her lease from April 2015 to April 2016.
      2
       BHA sent Cornwell letters on February 21, 2013, February 7, 2014, May 14, 2015, and March 31, 2016,
      advising her that she was required to comply with the CSSR.



      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A01-1712-SC-2880 | October 18, 2018     Page 3 of 11
      household failed to comply with the CSSR requirement for the lease term

      ending in 2016 and required Cornwell to make up her past due eighty-eight

      hours plus new hours by January 2017.3


[7]   After Cornwell’s mother died in 2016, Cornwell moved from the Miller Drive

      unit to a different BHA unit on 13th Street in Bloomington, Indiana, where her

      mother had resided with Cornwell’s two adult children. On May 26, 2016,

      Cornwell signed a new lease agreement for the 13th Street unit for a lease term

      through May 26, 2017.


[8]   On February 6, 2017, BHA sent Cornwell an official letter notifying Cornwell

      that BHA would terminate the lease at the end of Cornwell’s current lease term

      on March 30, 2017 if she failed to comply with the CSSR.4 The letter provided

      BHA’s basis for termination, namely Cornwell owed 168 hours of community

      service, including past due and newly accumulated hours since she signed the

      Community Service Non-Compliance Agreement in 2016. The letter stated, in

      part: “The [BHA] cannot renew your lease until you comply with this

      requirement. If you do not complete these hours by [March 15, 2017], the BHA

      will be forced to file eviction against you.” Exhibits, Vol. I at 45.




      3
        BHA’s original Non-Compliance Agreement signed by Cornwell incorrectly stated that her household
      failed to perform the CSSR for the term ending in 2017; however, at trial, BHA amended this to reflect the
      correct lease term ending in 2016. See Transcript, Volume I at 16.
      4
        BHA sought termination based on the lease agreement and 24 C.F.R. 960.607(b): “If, after the 12 month
      cure period, the family member is still not compliant, the PHA must terminate tenancy of the entire family,
      according to the PHA’s lease, unless the family provides documentation that the noncompliant resident no
      longer resides in the unit.” Exhibits, Volume I at 44.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A01-1712-SC-2880 | October 18, 2018          Page 4 of 11
[9]    On February 14, 2017, Cornwell submitted a grievance letter to BHA

       addressing the notice of termination. BHA scheduled an informal settlement

       meeting for March 2 to discuss the termination that was later rescheduled for

       March 30 at Cornwell’s request, which Cornwell then did not attend. BHA

       sent a letter to Cornwell on March 30, stating BHA would reschedule the

       appointment if Cornwell could show “good cause for failing to appear” and if

       she failed do so before April 8, 2017, BHA would proceed with the terminating

       Cornwell’s lease. Exhibits, Vol. I at 48. Cornwell did not respond.


[10]   BHA filed a small claims ejectment action against Cornwell on April 13, 2017,

       and an eviction hearing was held on May 23. Prior to and at trial, Cornwell

       presented evidence verifying she had met her community service requirement

       by attending therapy treatment for her opioid addiction. Cornwell also

       presented evidence she cleaned her neighbor’s apartment. The trial court

       ordered Cornwell to vacate her apartment by June 14 and scheduled a hearing

       on damages. On September 1, the parties filed a stipulation of dismissal on all

       pending claims which the trial court approved. On September 30, Cornwell

       filed a Motion to Correct Error, arguing she was exempt from the CSSR and

       should not have been evicted. After her motion was deemed denied by the




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A01-1712-SC-2880 | October 18, 2018   Page 5 of 11
       failure to set a hearing within forty-five days, Cornwell filed a timely notice of

       appeal.5



                                   Discussion and Decision
                                        I. Standard of Review
[11]   This court reviews the facts from a bench trial under the clearly erroneous

       standard and questions are of law are reviewed de novo. Branham v. Varble, 952

       N.E.2d 744, 746 (Ind. 2011). “On appeal of claims tried by the court without a

       jury . . . [we] shall not set aside the findings or judgment unless clearly

       erroneous, and due regard shall be given to the opportunity of the trial court to

       judge the credibility of the witnesses.” Ind. Trial Rule 52(A). In determining

       whether clear error has occurred, we do not reweigh the evidence or determine

       the credibility of the witnesses. City of Dunkirk Water & Sewage Dep’t v. Hall, 657

       N.E.2d 115, 116 (Ind. 1995). We only consider the evidence that “supports the

       judgment and the reasonable inferences to be drawn from that evidence” and

       we will affirm a judgment in favor of a party carrying the burden of proof if the




       5
        A motion to correct error must be filed no later than 30 days from the entry of a final judgment. Ind. Trial
       Rule 59(C). Following the trial court’s approval of the parties’ stipulation of dismissal as to all pending
       claims on September 1, Cornwell timely filed her Motion to Correct Error on September 30. If a trial court
       fails within 45 days to set a hearing on a motion to correct error, the motion is deemed denied and a party
       has 30 days after the motion is deemed denied to file a Notice of Appeal. T.R. 53.3(A). Here, Cornwell’s
       Motion to Correct Error was deemed denied on November 14, 2017, 45 days after filing, because the trial
       court did not set the December 6 hearing until November 22. Therefore, Cornwell timely filed her Notice of
       Appeal on December 14, within 30 days of the Motion being deemed denied.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A01-1712-SC-2880 | October 18, 2018          Page 6 of 11
       evidence demonstrates that a reasonable trier of fact could find that the party

       established the elements of its claim by a preponderance of evidence. Id.


                                                 II. Waiver
[12]   Cornwell argues the trial court erred by entering an order for her eviction

       because she was exempt from community service as a member of a SNAP

       household and BHA failed to follow its own CSSR requirements and policies

       for terminating her lease. BHA contends Cornwell “asserted numerous

       arguments [in her Motion to Correct Error] that she failed to previously raise [at

       trial].” Brief of Appellee at 13. Therefore, before proceeding to the merits of

       Cornwell’s argument, we first address the issue of waiver.


[13]   “Waiver is a threshold issue because generally a party is precluded from

       presenting an argument or issue to Indiana appellate courts unless the party first

       raised that argument or issue to the trial court.” Thalheimer v. Halum, 973

       N.E.2d 1145, 1150 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012). Therefore, a party may not raise an

       issue for the first time on appeal. N.C. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child Servs., 56 N.E.3d 65,

       69 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016), trans. denied. The rule of waiver protects the trial

       court’s integrity and exists because trial courts hear and weigh the evidence,

       judge the credibility of witnesses, apply the law to the facts, and decide the

       questions raised by the parties whereas this court evaluates questions of law and

       the sufficiency of evidence supporting a trial court’s decision. Thalheimer, 973

       N.E.2d at 1150. A trial court “cannot be found to have erred as to an issue or

       argument that it never had an opportunity to consider.” Id. (quotation


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A01-1712-SC-2880 | October 18, 2018   Page 7 of 11
       omitted). Similarly, arguments presented in a motion to correct error that were

       not presented at trial do not preserve the issues for review on appeal. 6 Id.


[14]   At no time during trial did Cornwell argue she was exempt from the CSSR

       because she was in a household receiving food stamps. At trial, although

       Cornwell testified BHA told her she was exempt from the CSSR, BHA

       presented evidence Cornwell was not eligible for food stamps, and BHA stated

       Cornwell was not exempt from the CSSR. However, Cornwell did not object to

       this evidence or argue she was exempt from the requirement. In fact, the record

       reveals that the bulk of the trial was comprised of a discussion of Cornwell’s

       compliance with the CSSR, including whether certain activities counted toward

       the CSSR.


[15]   For the first time in her Motion to Correct Error, Cornwell argued she was

       exempt from the CSSR under 24 C.F.R. 960.601 as a member of a family

       receiving assistance under SNAP. See Appellant’s Appendix, Volume II at 27-

       28. Similarly, for the first time on appeal, Cornwell raises the BHA’s alleged

       failure to comply with its CSSR requirements and termination policies.

       Although Cornwell stated at trial that she did not receive the BHA’s notices

       reminding her of the CSSR requirement, Cornwell did not argue at trial that




       6
         In fact, this court has noted the potential consequences of allowing motions to correct error to include issues
       not raised to the trial court, namely, that such motions “might contain a bevy of untimely objections, petty
       complaints regarding the logistical presentation of evidence, attempts to rework trial strategies that did not
       work well, and other untimely arguments that would distract from the purpose of a motion to correct error.”
       Id.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A01-1712-SC-2880 | October 18, 2018             Page 8 of 11
       BHA failed to follow its own policies and notice requirements for termination,

       nor did she argue BHA wrongfully evicted her prior to the end of her lease

       agreement.


[16]   Cornwell argued she was exempt from the CSSR requirement for the first time

       in her Motion to Correct Error and did not argue that BHA failed to follow its

       policies until this appeal. Therefore, Cornwell has waived appellate review of

       these issues.


                              III. Compliance with the CSSR
[17]   Cornwell argues that even if she was subject to the CSSR, BHA still should not

       have terminated her lease because she was in “substantial compliance” with the

       requirement. Appellant’s Brief at 27. Specifically, Cornwell argues that her

       visits with her doctor in Fishers, Indiana, where she received substance abuse

       treatment for opioid addition, qualified as “substance abuse or mental health

       counseling[,]” an eligible community service activity under BHA policy. Id. As

       of February 6, 2017, Cornwell owed 168 hours of community service, including

       past due and newly accumulated hours since she signed the Community Service

       Non-Compliance Agreement in April 2016. At trial, Cornwell submitted

       evidence that she completed 108 hours of treatment between March 2, 2016

       through April 25, 2017, which BHA should have accepted. However, those

       hours included travel time to and from the appointments and BHA also raised

       concerns regarding the authenticity of the document. The trial court concluded




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A01-1712-SC-2880 | October 18, 2018   Page 9 of 11
       that Cornwell completed 27 hours of treatment excluding travel time instead of

       the 108 hours she submitted.


[18]   Additionally, Cornwell submitted evidence that she earned hours by cleaning

       her neighbor’s apartment. In support thereof, Cornwell presented a note

       written by her neighbor, which stated “Cornwell cleans my house twice a week.

       She works 1-2 hours, depending on what I need. Please call [my telephone

       number] if I can answer any questions[.]” Exhibits, Vol. I at 100. Cornwell

       testified that she had been cleaning her neighbor’s apartment for a “little over a

       year” and self-reported the hours to BHA but credit was denied as an ineligible

       activity. Tr., Vol. I at 34.


[19]   In turn, BHA presented evidence that Cornwell’s lease required her to complete

       the CSSR, that BHA mistakenly told Cornwell she was exempt but later

       notified her in October 2012 of this mistake and informed her that she was

       subject to the CSSR. After the eviction hearing, the trial court ordered

       Cornwell to vacate her apartment.


[20]   We conclude the evidence revealed that Cornwell had not completed the

       number of community service hours required by her lease and a reasonable trier

       of fact could find BHA established a claim for eviction based on the terms of the

       lease by a preponderance of the evidence. Therefore, we conclude the trial

       court’s decision was not clearly erroneous.



                                               Conclusion

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A01-1712-SC-2880 | October 18, 2018   Page 10 of 11
[21]   For the foregoing reasons, we conclude the trial court’s judgment was not

       clearly erroneous. Accordingly, we affirm.


[22]   Affirmed.


       Baker, J., and May, J., concur.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 53A01-1712-SC-2880 | October 18, 2018   Page 11 of 11
