                                                                        FILED
                                                            United States Court of Appeals
                                                                    Tenth Circuit

                                                                 February 5, 2008
                                                                Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                    Clerk of Court
                   UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                                TENTH CIRCUIT


 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

       Plaintiff-Appellee,
                                                        No. 07-6200
                                                (D.C. Nos. CIV-07-632-C and
 v.
                                                        CR-04-62-C)
                                                        (W.D. Okla.)
 RONNIE GLENN TRIPLETT,

       Defendant-Appellant.


                       ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE
                           OF APPEALABILITY


Before LUCERO, HARTZ, and GORSUCH, Circuit Judges.


      Ronnie Glenn Triplett, a federal prisoner proceeding pro se, requests a

certificate of appealability (“COA”) to appeal the district court’s denial of his

28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion. For substantially the same reasons as set forth by the

district court, we DENY a COA and DISMISS the appeal.

      On June 10, 2004, Triplett pleaded guilty to two counts of distribution of

methamphetamine in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and one count of felon in

possession of a firearm and ammunition in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1).
Under the terms of the plea agreement, Triplett waived his rights to appeal or

collaterally challenge his sentence, with certain exceptions. 1

      After Triplett entered into this agreement, but before he was sentenced, the

Supreme Court decided United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 (2005). At

sentencing, the district court adopted the findings of the Presentence Report,

which recommended an enhanced penalty under ACCA. Based on this application

of ACCA, Triplett’s statutory minimum sentence was 180 months’ imprisonment.

After a reduction for acceptance of responsibility, his advisory Guidelines

sentencing range was 188 to 235 months on each count. The district court

sentenced him at the bottom of that range, 188 months on each count, to be served

concurrently.

      Triplett appealed his sentence to this court, contending, among other things,

that the district court erred in applying ACCA to enhance his sentence. United

States v. Triplett, 160 F. App’x 753 (10th Cir. 2005). We affirmed his sentence.

While that appeal was pending, Triplett filed a motion in the district court for

relief from judgment pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b). After the district court

denied the motion, Triplett again appealed to this court, arguing that his motion


      1
        Triplett reserved the right to challenge: (1) an upward departure from the
United States Sentencing Guidelines (“Guidelines”) range, (2) application of the
Armed Career Criminal Act (“ACCA”), 18 U.S.C. § 924, to the firearm count, (3)
application of the Career Offender Enhancement under U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1 to the
distribution counts, and (4) his sentence or conviction based upon new Tenth
Circuit or Supreme Court precedent held to apply retroactively.

                                          -2-
should have been granted because Booker “judicially repealed” 18 U.S.C.

§ 3553(b)(1), which was the basis for his sentence. United States v. Triplett, 166

F. App’x 362, 365 (10th Cir. 2006). We dismissed the appeal, noting that Triplett

was procedurally barred from raising this issue because “he could and should

have raised it on direct appeal.” Id.

      On June 4, 2007, Triplett filed a 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion, claiming that the

sentencing court erred in applying ACCA, that Booker repealed 18 U.S.C.

§ 3553(b)(1), and that his counsel was ineffective. The district court dismissed

his motion, holding that his first and second claims had already been considered

and rejected by this court. On ineffective assistance of counsel, the court held

that Triplett had waived his right to raise this type of challenge in his plea

agreement, and that in any event, he had failed to establish prejudice. Triplett

sought a COA and leave to proceed in forma pauperis, both of which the district

court denied. Triplett then filed this timely appeal and request for COA. 2




      2
        A petitioner may not appeal the denial of habeas relief under § 2255
without a COA. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(B). A COA may be issued “only if the
applicant has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.”
§ 2253(c)(2). This requires Triplett to show “that reasonable jurists could debate
whether (or, for that matter, agree that) the petition should have been resolved in
a different manner or that the issues presented were adequate to deserve
encouragement to proceed further.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000)
(quotations omitted). Because the district court denied a COA, Triplett may not
appeal the district court’s underlying decision absent a grant of a COA by this
court.

                                          -3-
      Triplett urges four grounds for relief under § 2255: (1) His sentence is

unconstitutional because the facts of his prior convictions were not proved beyond

a reasonable doubt; (2) ACCA is unconstitutional because it imposes mandatory

minimum sentences based on judicial determinations of facts proved only by a

preponderance of the evidence; (3) Booker repealed 18 U.S.C. § 3553, and thus

any sentence based on that statute is now void; and (4) Triplett’s counsel provided

ineffective assistance during plea agreement negotiations and entry of the plea.

      Triplett’s first two claims, regarding judicial fact finding and ACCA, have

already been ruled on by this court. We dismissed them in his direct appeal,

relying on our decision in United States v. Moore, 401 F.3d 1220 (10th Cir. 2005)

(facts of prior convictions need not be included in the indictment and found by a

jury beyond a reasonable doubt). Because there has been no intervening change

in law on these issues, we decline to consider them again. See United States v.

Prichard, 875 F.2d 789, 791 (10th Cir. 1989).

      As previously observed, Triplett is procedurally barred from asserting his

claim that Booker revoked the sentencing statute. Triplett, 166 F. App’x at 365.

Even if not barred, this claim is without merit. See id. at 366 (“Booker neither

repealed the entire Act nor required the dismissal of all sentences imposed in

accordance with the Act.”); see also Booker, 543 U.S. at 259 (severing

unconstitutional portions of the sentencing statute and holding that “[m]ost of the

statute is perfectly valid”).

                                        -4-
      Triplett claims ineffective assistance of counsel in two ways: (1) Counsel

allegedly knew, as did the prosecutor, that Triplett was actually innocent of the

firearm possession charge, yet encouraged Triplett to plead guilty and failed to

reveal Triplett’s claim of innocence to the court; and (2) Counsel was ineffective

for failing to enforce a verbal agreement by the government not to seek any

sentencing enhancements. Under Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687

(1984), Triplett must show that counsel’s actions fell below an objective standard

of reasonableness, and that this conduct prejudiced Triplett’s proceedings such

that, absent counsel’s errors, the outcome would have been different. We employ

a strong assumption that counsel acted within the wide range of reasonable

professional assistance. Id. at 689.

      In the context of a guilty plea, a defendant establishes prejudice only if he

shows that “he would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to

trial.” Miller v. Champion, 262 F.3d 1066, 1072 (10th Cir. 2001). Although a

defendant need not show he would have prevailed at trial, his prospects of

succeeding inform our view of whether he would have gone to trial. United

States v. Clingman, 288 F.3d 1183, 1186 (10th Cir. 2002).

      In dismissing Triplett’s ineffectiveness claims, the district court concluded

that Triplett failed to establish prejudice. With respect to his first claim of

ineffectiveness, it found that during his plea hearing, Triplett admitted to

constructive possession of the firearm and stated that he had not been threatened

                                          -5-
or coerced into pleading guilty. 3 Given these statements by Triplett himself, the

court found that he had not established a reasonable probability that, but for

counsel’s errors, he would have gone to trial. We agree.

      Regarding counsel’s failure to object to the government’s breach of a

condition of his plea agreement, the district court found no evidence of an

agreement not to seek a sentencing enhancement. At the plea hearing, Triplett

acknowledged that “any promise that’s been made . . . by any officer of any

branch of any government . . . will never be enforceable against the government

unless it’s contained in [the] written plea agreement or stated to [the court] . . . at

this time.” The district court also found no evidence that the government sought

an enhancement. Based upon our review of the record, we conclude that Triplett

has failed to show how the outcome of his proceeding would have been different

absent the alleged errors by counsel.

      Because we determine that Triplett has failed to show the denial of a

constitutional right, a COA is DENIED and his appeal is DISMISSED. We




      3
        In his appellate brief, Triplett argues that counsel knew he was innocent,
because counsel knew “the gun was not mine.” Yet under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g),
ownership is not a necessary element of the crime; possession is sufficient to
violate the statute.

                                          -6-
GRANT Triplett’s motion to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal.


                                    ENTERED FOR THE COURT



                                    Carlos F. Lucero
                                    Circuit Judge




                                     -7-
