   OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL . STATE OF TEXAS

   JOHN     CORNYN




                                                May 23,200l




The Honorable Robert F. Vititow                         Opinion No. JC-0384
Rains County Attorney
113 North Texas                                         Re: Whether a “joint clerk” who performs the
P. 0. Box 1075                                          duties of both the district clerk and the county
Emory, Texas 75440                                      clerk is entitled to complete the term of office to
                                                        which elected when the county’s population
                                                        exceeds eight thousand persons after the release of
                                                        the 2000 United States Census of Population
                                                        (RQ-0339-JC)


Dear Mr. Vititow:

          Pursuant to article V, section 20 of the Texas Constitution and section 5 1.501(a) of the
Government Code, Rains County has a “joint clerk” who serves as both the district clerk and the
county clerk. You ask our opinion as to whether the clerk in Rains County is entitled to complete
her term of office if the county’s population is shown to exceed eight thousand persons after the
release of the 2000 United States Census of Population.       Should census figures require it, we
conclude that such office is to be separated at the expiration of the term of office to which the
incumbent was elected rather than on the date of recognition of a new census report. The present
“joint clerk” in Rains County who performs the duties of both the district clerk and the county clerk
is entitled to complete the term of office to which she was elected.

          Article V, section 20 of the Texas Constitution states “that in counties having a population
of less than 8,000 persons there may be an election of a single Clerk, who shall perform the duties
of District and County Clerks.” TEX. CONST. art. V, 8 20. Section 5 1.501 of the Government Code
is entitled “Joint Clerks,” and provides that “a county with a population of less than 8,000 shall elect
a single clerk to perform the duties of the district clerk and the county clerk[,]” except as otherwise
provided by statute. TEX. GOV’TCODEANN. 0 51.501(a) (Vernon 1998); see id. $51.501(b) (special
election may be held to keep offices of district and county clerk separate).

         You relate that your “present Clerk was elected to a four-year term of office which began on
January 1, 1999, and will end on December 3 1,2002.“* You expect the new census of population
to be released prior to the expiration of the clerk’s elected term and anticipate that the results will




         ‘Letter from Honorable Robert F. Vititow, Rains County Attorney, to Honorable John Comyn, Texas Attorney
General, at 1 (Jan. 9,200l) (on file with Opinion Committee) [hereinafter Request Letter].
The Honorable Robert F. Vititow           - Page 2        (X-0384)




reflect a population in Rains County of at least eight thousand persons2 You ask for guidance as to
how to proceed. If the office is required to be split immediately upon the release of the new census,
you ask whether the present clerk becomes the district clerk, the county clerk, or neither. Should an
immediate split be required, you wish to know whether there must be a new election or whether the
vacated office is filled by appointment. See Request Letter, supra note 1, at 1.

         This office was asked similar questions regarding Andrews County, which expected its
population to increase after the release of the 1960 United States Census of Population, and
answered thus:

                           Where a county had a population of less than 8,000
                  inhabitants, according to the 1950 Federal Census, and has a
                  population of more than 8,000 inhabitants, according to the 1960
                  Federal Census, the combined office of a single clerk who shall
                  perform the duties of the district and county clerk [does] not become
                  separated until the expiration of the term of office to which the
                  incumbent was elected, January 1, 1963.

Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. No. WW-864 (1960) at 3-4.

         A governmental entity “may not recognize or act on a report or publication, in any form, of
a federal decennial census, in whole or in part, before September 1 of the year after the calendar year
during which the census was taken.” TEX. GOV’T CODEANN. 8 2058.001(a) (Vernon 2000). If the
census report is published after September 1, a governmental entity may recognize and act on a
published report on the date of its publication.         See id. 4 2058.001(b).       “In this section,
‘governmental entity’ means the state or an agency or political subdivision of the state.” Id. 8
2058.001(c).    Thus, any change in the population of Rains County will affect the district-county
clerk in Rains County only after September 1,2001, or the publication date, if later.

          Attorney General Opinion WW-864 (1960) cites two previous attorney general opinions,
WW-85 1 (1960) and 2249 (1920), which relate to offices that had previously been combined by
virtue of a county’s population and the effect of a new census of population on those offices. See
Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. No. WW-851 (1960); Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. No. 2249 (1920) (C. M. Cureton
administration); TEX. CONST.art. VIII, 0 16 (sheriff of each county, in addition to his other duties,
shall be the tax assessor-collector in counties with population under ten thousand persons). Attorney
General Opinion 2249 (1920) addresses the combined offices of sheriff and tax collector:

                  The office, as to the person holding it, is one and indivisible . . . .
                  There is no provision in our Constitution or statutes for the election
                  of a tax collector [other] than at a general election.




         *Preliminary figures issued by the United States Census Bureau on March 12,200 1, indicate that the population
of Rains County is 9 139, available at http://www.census.gov/.
The Honorable Robert F. Vititow     - Page 3     (Jc-0384)




                        What we have said with respect to the office, or offices, of
               sheriff and tax collector is also applicable, by analogy, to the office,
               or offices, of county and district clerk . . . .

Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. No. 2249 (1920) at 5-7 (emphasis added).

        Should new census figures require it, we conclude that the “joint office” of district and
county clerk should be separated at the expiration of the term of office to which the incumbent was
elected rather than on the date of recognition of a new United States Census of Population report.
There is no provision in the Texas Constitution or in Texas statutes for the election of a district or
county clerk other than at a general election.
The Honorable Robert F. Vititow    - Page 4     (X-0384)




                                       SUMMARY

                 The office of “joint clerk” who performs the duties of both the district
          clerk and the county clerk is to be separated, should census figures require it,
          at the expiration of the term of office to which the incumbent was elected
          rather than on the date a United States Census of Population report is
          recognized.    There is no provision in the Texas Constitution or in Texas
          statutes for the election of a district or county clerk other than at a general
          election.




                                              Attorney General of Texas



ANDY TAYLOR
First Assistant Attorney General

SUSAN D. GUSKY
Chair, Opinion Committee

Rick Gilpin
Assistant Attorney General - Opinion Committee
