           TENNESSEE BUREAU OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
          IN THE COURT OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION CLAIMS
                           AT NASHVILLE

 BUSTER BARRETT,                            )
           Employee,                        )   Docket No. 2015-06-0186
                                            )   State File No. 78378-2014
 v.                                         )
                                            )
 LITHKO CONTRACTING, INC.,                  )   Docket No. 2015-06-0188
         Employer,                          )   State File No. 24788-2015
                                            )
                                            )
 and                                        )   Docket No. 2015-06-0189
                                            )   State File No. 24789-2015
 ACE AMERICAN INSURANCE                     )
 and THE TRAVELERS,                         )   Judge Joshua Davis Baker
          Carriers.                         )


          EXPEDITED HEARING ORDER FOR MEDICAL BENEFITS


       This matter came before the Court on the Request for Expedited Hearing filed by
the employee, Buster Barrett, pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-239
(2015). The Request encompasses three separate claims for injuries on August 27, 2014,
January 15, 2015, and January 21, 2015, and Mr. Barrett’s request for medical and
temporary benefits for these dates of injury. Though all of the alleged injuries occurred
in the course and scope of employment for Lithko, it changed workers’ compensation
coverage during the applicable period. Accordingly, two different insurance carriers are
potentially responsible for the claims: Ace American and Travelers.

       The central legal issues are whether Mr. Barrett has shown by the requisite
standard of proof that he is likely to succeed at a hearing on the merits in proving
entitlement to benefits and, if so, which carrier is responsible. For the reasons set forth
below, the Court finds Ms. Barrett is entitled to additional medical treatment for his
August 27, 2014 workplace accident but failed to carry his burden of proving entitlement
to temporary disability benefits. The Court further finds Ace American is the carrier
responsible for payment of the medical benefits.

                                     History of Claim

       Buster Barrett is a forty-eight-year-old resident of Robertson County, Tennessee.
Mr. Barrett worked as a concrete finisher for Lithko, a job he had performed for
approximately twenty-three years. His principal job involved supervising the pouring of
concrete floors at commercial building sites. Mr. Barrett testified he either worked
directly for, or had been associated with, Lithko since 1987. Over the years, he worked
as a concrete laborer, finisher, and finisher lead with supervisory responsibilities. He
sustained a prior work-related injury in 2009 for which he had three neck surgeries.

       On August 27, 2014, the first date of alleged injury, Mr. Barrett and his coworkers
were pouring concrete on a jobsite. As the concrete poured through a hose, a pressure
bump caused the concrete to spray the operator in the eyes. The operator released the
hose and Mr. Barrett spontaneously grabbed it in order to keep it from hitting him or or
other employees or damaging machinery. The force of the hose twisted Mr. Barrett. He
described the injury as twisting his left arm and shoulder, “messing my back up, my left
hip and my left shoulder.” He reported the injury to Lithko supervisors on the date of the
incident.

       Mr. Barrett did not receive treatment that day, but rested in one of Lithko’s work
trucks. He testified that although still experiencing pain in his shoulder, hip, back and
legs, he returned to work the next day but did little work, alternating between standing
and sitting the entire day. Regarding medical care, Mr. Barrett stated that Lithko did not
offer to take him to the doctor but suggested he utilize “call-a-doctor” services. He
declined to use these services because a coworker had a negative experience with the
service.

        At the time of the incident, Mr. Barrett was laboring under restrictions from a prior
work-related injury. These restrictions prohibited Mr. Barrett from lifting more than
twenty-five pounds and from pushing or pulling more than twenty pounds. The
restrictions also prohibited overhead work and work involving vibration. (Ex. C.)

       Mr. Barrett stated he continued to work until January 15, 2015, but suffered
constant pain. During that time, his responsibilities were limited and included, “mak[ing]
sure tools was [sic] on the job” and “tell[ing] the guys each morning what to do, stand
outside the pour, and make sure that they was [sic] doing their job[.]”

       Mr. Barrett testified that on January 15, 2015, his supervisor, Brad, insisted he
work in a concrete slab because they were short-staffed. He accidentally stepped into a
hole and pulled his left leg so severely it damaged his boot. He felt significant increased

                                             2
back pain that began after the August 2014 incident. He reported the incident to Brad,
who was a supervisor under Will Phelps. Mr. Barrett did not ask for medical care, and
Lithko did not report the injury.

        A few days later, on January 21, 2015, Mr. Barrett testified he suffered another
accident, the third injury at issue, on a job site when he stepped in a deep tire rut. Mr.
Barrett stated he did not tell anyone about the incident other than another concrete
finisher. He answered “No” when asked if believed the incident caused him further
injury.

       Mr. Barrett stated by February 4, 2015, the accumulation of pain made it difficult
to walk, and he insisted to his Lithko supervisors that he needed to see a doctor. A
Lithko employee took him to Dr. Nevels at U.S. Healthworks. Gallagher Bassett
coordinated this treatment, and Ace American paid for the visit. Dr. Nevels took x-rays,
gave him a back brace, and assigned work restrictions. The restrictions prohibited Mr.
Barrett from lifting from the floor to the waist and from lifting more than five pounds
from his waist to his shoulder. They also prohibited him from bending, stooping,
kneeling, squatting, climbing stairs, climbing ladders, reaching or performing overhead
work. (Ex. C.) He also referred him for orthopedic evaluation and physical therapy.

        Mr. Barrett stated he gave a copy of his restrictions to Will Phelps and Chris
Dittman. According to Mr. Barret, Mr. Dittman commented that Dr. Nevels “might as
well have told you to do nothing then.” He stayed at the office that day and assisted with
scheduling. The next day, on February 5, he did standing supervision, made sure
adequate tools were on the job, and oversaw other employees’ work.

       When he returned to Lithko the following Monday, on February 9, 2015, Mr.
Barrett testified he was given a separation letter and essentially told he was fired. The
company gave him $5,000 as severance compensation. When Mr. Barrett asked the
reason for the termination, Lithko said it was because a recently laid concrete floor was
not flat. Mr. Barrett acknowledged unpreventable conditions, such as weather, can
sometimes spoil new concrete surfaces but claimed Lithko never criticized him or the
quality of his work until after his August 27, 2014 accident. Mr. Barrett asserted he
received no formal reprimands or indication his job was in jeopardy because of work
issues until his termination on February 9, 2015. Mr. Barrett insisted any concrete
problems were not his fault and claimed he was not the supervisor for the workers who
were reprimanded for safety violations.

        Mr. Barrett believes Lithko terminated his employment because of his new work
restrictions of February 4, 2015, and the termination had nothing to do with the quality of
his work. However, he admitted that neither Dr. Standard nor Dr. Nevels took him off
from work, and further admitted he would still be working for Lithko but for his

                                            3
termination.

       Gallagher Bassett denied Mr. Barrett’s claim shortly after his February 4, 2015,
examination by Dr. Nevels. Mr. Barrett has received no temporary disability payments
since his employment termination. He has received no authorized medical treatment
since February 4, 2015. However, he continued to treat on his own with Dr. Scott
Standard, a surgeon who treated a 2009 work related neck injury.

        William Phelps is Lithko’s operations manager for the Nashville area. He became
Mr. Barrett’s supervisor in 2014. Mr. Phelps stated he was aware Mr. Barrett had a neck
injury in 2009, had undergone three neck surgeries, and had been on light-duty
restrictions since 2012. Mr. Phelps agreed Lithko accommodated Mr. Barrett’s 2012
work restrictions and placed him in a lead supervisory position.

        Mr. Phelps was on the job site on August 27, 2014, and confirmed the basic facts
of the incident with the concrete hose Mr. Barrett testified the hose weighed at least
twenty-five pounds even without extra pressure. Mr. Phelps stated thirteen other workers
were on the job site, yet Mr. Barrett took it upon himself to grab the hose in violation of
his light-duty work restrictions when he sustained the alleged injuries.

       Mr. Phelps stated he reported the incident to Philip Maciula the next morning.
They collectively agreed to monitor the situation and provide care if Mr. Barrett
expressed a need for medical attention. Mr. Phelps agreed Lithko provided no medical
treatment on the date of the injury, but maintained that Mr. Barrett did not ask for
treatment. Mr. Phelps testified he asked Mr. Barrett directly the following morning
whether he needed to do anything; Mr. Barrett replied, “No, I think I’m okay.”

      Mr. Phelps stated he filled out the First Report of Injury on September 18, 2014,
because Mr. Barrett continued to complain of pain in his arm, left shoulder, head, and
neck. (Ex. F.) Mr. Phelps forwarded the First Report of Injury to Mr. Maciula because
he was responsible for scheduling medical appointments.

      Mr. Phelps recalled when Mr. Barrett stepped into an isolation hole on January 15,
2015. According to Mr. Phelps, Mr. Barrett did not report suffering any injury. Mr.
Phelps suggested Mr. Barrett notify Mr. Maciula about the incident but did not know if
Mr. Barrett did so. Mr. Phelps stated he only recently became aware of the January 21,
2015 incident. He admitted he did not file an accident report for either incident.

      Mr. Phelps insisted Lithko terminated Mr. Barrett due to performance inadequacy
and safety violations, not because of his injuries. Mr. Phelps cited several examples of
poor work he attributed to Mr. Barrett. (Exs. H, I.) He testified the quality issues cost
Lithko additional time and money. (Ex. J.) In addition to these quality issues, Mr.

                                            4
Phelps also cited several incidents where the concrete floors poured under Mr. Barrett’s
supervision did not meet “flatness” specifications.1 (Ex. N.) Mr. Phelps agreed,
however, that Lithko did not formally reprimand Mr. Barrett for any of these
performance problems. He also agreed that the cost overruns that involved Mr. Barrett
were similar to those of other employees.

       In November 2014, Mr. Phelps recalled Mr. Barrett requested a raise. When Mr.
Barrett asked for the raise, Mr. Phelps investigated whether Mr. Barrett had conducted
required daily planning meetings and weekly “toolbox talks,” an industry term for safety
meetings. Mr. Phelps concluded Mr. Barrett did not regularly conduct these meetings
and counseled Mr. Barrett on their importance. For a period of time, Mr. Barrett
conducted the meetings. According to Mr. Phelps, however, Mr. Barrett’s compliance
was short-lived, and he eventually realized he could not depend upon Mr. Barrett to
conduct these required meetings. He eventually took the responsibility of performing
daily planning meetings and weekly toolbox talks away from Mr. Barrett.

       Mr. Phelps also recounted several incidences of workplace safety infractions while
Mr. Barrett was lead supervisor. On January 5, 2015, a client photographed a Lithko
employee working outside the safety zone without a securing harness. Mr. Phelps
insisted Mr. Barrett was a responsible lead supervisor at the site and asked him into the
meeting where they terminated that employee. Mr. Phelps also cited Mr. Barrett’s failure
to conduct a safety meeting on January 20, 2015, as a serious safety infraction. Mr.
Barrett did not conduct a safety meeting that day but only dropped off safety harnesses
and drove to another job site. Mr. Phelps acknowledged Lithko commonly had multiple
employees on multiple jobs so it was possible Lithko had assigned Mr. Barrett to deliver
harnesses to another job site the same morning.

        Mr. Phelps agreed Mr. Barrett had been a good employee but, maintained Lithko
terminated his employment because of ongoing safety and quality control problems. Mr.
Phelps stated Mr. Barrett’s shortcomings resulted in Lithko exceeding project budgets
and suffering overages in labor costs. (Ex. J.) Although Mr. Phelps agreed the cost
overruns were not solely due to projects of which Mr. Barrett was responsible, Lithko
remained concerned with what it regarded as Mr. Barrett’s lax attitude toward safety
issues, performance, and job quality issues.

      Philip Maciula is operations manager at Lithko. Mr. Maciula stated he was in
charge of territory safety in the Nashville and Kansas City offices and his job
responsibilities were to reduce accidents and facilitate communication with employees

1
  Flatness describes the general leveling of the floor when measured against industry specifications. The flatness
testing reports submitted by Lithko concerned several floors poured in several states including Alabama. Mr. Phelps
admitted that Mr. Barrett might not have been on a jobsite in Alabama on January 15, 2015, where the flatness of the
floor failed to meet quality standards.
                                                         5
and doctors. Mr. Maciula testified Lithko conducts safety training at the time of hire,
reviews OSHA and company requirements, and stresses the importance of planning and
safety meetings.

       Mr. Maciula stated Mr. Phelps advised him Mr. Barrett injured his shoulder on
August 27, 2014. Mr. Maciula agreed no one completed a first report of injury until
September 2014, but explained the delay was due to a general understanding because Mr.
Barrett was doing well and the incident “was not a big deal.” Mr. Maciula insisted he
checked with Mr. Barrett about the condition of his left shoulder on August 27, 2014, and
again on September 18, 2014. At that time, Mr. Barrett indicated his shoulder continued
to hurt and Mr. Maciula filled out a First Report of Injury. Mr. Maciula made an
appointment for Mr. Barrett at U.S. Healthworks, but Mr. Maciula was uncertain he told
Mr. Barrett about the appointment. Mr. Maciula stated he followed up with Mr. Barrett
in October and Mr. Barrett reported he was doing well.

       Mr. Maciula stated he next spoke with Mr. Barrett on January 15, 2015, when he
reported stepping in an isolation hole. He did not complete an injury report. Mr. Barrett
indicated his back pain related to the August 27, 2014, pressurized hose incident. Mr.
Maciula recalled the conversation ended with Mr. Barrett saying he did not need to go to
the U.S. Healthworks clinic.

        Mr. Maciula believed the first time Mr. Barrett requested medical treatment was
February 4, 2015. Mr. Maciula discussed the new restrictions with Mr. Phelps and it was
agreed Lithko could accommodate the restrictions by utilizing Mr. Barrett as a “point-of-
contact” and in supervisory roles. Mr. Maciula submitted the February medical treatment
to Gallagher Bassett under the August 27, 2014 report of injury since Mr. Barrett
attributed his injuries to that event. He confirmed Gallagher Bassett provided Lithko’s
workers’ compensation coverage until August 31, 2014.

       Mr. Maciula recalled he contacted Mr. Barrett on January 22, 2015, and that Mr.
Barrett did not complain of any medical issues. Mr. Maciula acknowledged until recently
he was unaware Tennessee law requires providing a panel of physicians to injured
workers, rather than directing them to a specific medical provider as was Lithko’s
practice.

       Regarding the basis for Mr. Barrett’s employment termination, Mr. Maciula
recounted an incident in June 2014, when one of Lithko’s employees removed his safety
cables while working at elevated heights. Mr. Macuila admitted Mr. Barrett was not
involved in this incident but testified he was involved in another heights violation on the
same job location on January 5, 2015, that again involved a worker working outside the
safety area without proper equipment. In Mr. Macuila’s opinion, although the violation
occurred, Mr. Barrett did his job appropriately that day as the records showed he advised

                                            6
the employee on fall protection safety prior to the violation.

       Mr. Macuila, however, believed Mr. Barrett did not perform his job appropriately
when another heights violation occurred on January 20, 2015. In that incident, two
employees were photographed working outside the safety area without harnesses.
Lithko determined Mr. Barrett had the responsibility to conduct a safety meeting that day
but failed to do so. Mr. Maciula deemed the violation serious and stated it “puts
coworkers at risk of death.” Mr. Maciula further stated, however, he believed that before
January 2015 there were no safety issues involving Mr. Barrett.

      Concerning the workplace restrictions placed on Mr. Barrett by Dr. Nevels, Mr.
Macuila testified he discussed the restrictions with Mr. Phelps. Mr. Macuila understood
that Mr. Phelps accommodated his restrictions by providing supervisory work prior to his
termination.

       Chris Dittman is the manager for Lithko’s Nashville division, and is responsible
for scheduling workers. Mr. Dittman stated his contact with Mr. Maciula, who worked
mainly out of the Kansas City office, was by telephone. Mr. Dittman also stated he was
aware Mr. Barrett had no criticism of his safety and work quality until after the August
2014 work injury.

        When asked why Lithko terminated Mr. Barrett, Mr. Dittman stated: “It was our
inability to appropriately plan—plan the work and do it in a safe manner and do it with
quality, and our inability to do a DPP on a daily basis that would address all of the issues
that we were having on an ongoing manner.” Mr. Dittman characterized Mr. Barrett’s
safety record as “bad” based upon the January 5 and January 20, 2015 incidents.
However, Mr. Dittman was unaware Lithko assigned Mr. Barrett to deliver harnesses at
one job site and to be at another site at the same time on the same morning.

      Concerning accommodation of the restrictions imposed by Dr. Nevels, Mr.
Dittman testified that Lithko accommodated Mr. Barrett’s restrictions and put him back
to work up until his termination.

       Mr. Barrett explained when Lithko denied his claim, he returned to Dr. Standard
for medical treatment since the doctor was familiar with his earlier 2009 neck injury. Dr.
Standard confirmed in his deposition it is his medical opinion the injuries are related to
the August 27, 2014 incident. Mr. Barrett is still treating with Dr. Standard and is
awaiting the results of his back MRI. He also saw Dr. Beauchamp for his shoulder pain
from the August 27, 2014 injury, and the doctor has given him injections, cortisone-
steroid shots, and ordered an MRI.



                                              7
       Mr. Barrett believed all his injuries arose from the August 27, 2014, incident when
he grabbed the errant concrete hose. He insisted he had no back pain until the August
incident. Since then his legs go numb and he cannot walk. He falls, he must drag
himself at times, and he gets burning sensations in his leg with sharp pain down his legs
into his feet. He never had those problems until August 2014 and he has not worked
since Lithko fired him on February 9, 2015.

       Mr. Barrett received treatment for his back and shoulder from Dr. Standard under
private health insurance. An MRI ordered by Dr. Standard showed severe stenosis at
several levels of the lumbar spine. (Ex. C.) Dr. Standard attributed Mr. Barrett’s back
and shoulder problems to the August 27, 2014 date of injury. He stated the following at
his deposition:

       Notwithstanding these other injuries occurred in January of 2015, I think
       that the primary causative injury for the exacerbation and advancement of
       his lumbar condition occurred on the concrete injury of August 27th, 2014.
       He had underlying degenerative disc disease and spinal stenosis that was
       made symptomatic at that time that progressed over the time period
       requiring treatment.

(Ex. B. at 26.)

       Mr. Barrett filed three Petitions for Benefit Determination (PBD) on April 1, 2015,
one for each date of alleged injury, seeking temporary disability payments and medical
benefits. (T.R. 1, 2, 3.) The parties did not resolve the disputed issues through mediation
and the Mediating Specialist filed Dispute Certification Notices (DCN) for each PBD.
(T.R. 4, 5, 6.) Mr. Barrett filed Requests for Expedited Hearing for each DCN pursuant
to Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-239 (2014). (T.R. 7, 8, 9.)

       At the Expedited Hearing, the parties stipulated Mr. Barrett was an employee on
each of the alleged dates of injury. The parties also stipulated Ace American Insurance,
with Gallagher Bassett as third-party administrator, provided Lithko’s workers
compensation insurance up to August 31, 2014. Beginning on September 1, 2014,
Travelers assumed coverage. The parties further stipulated Mr. Barrett would be entitled
to the maximum weekly rate for any temporary disability benefits. Additionally, the
parties stipulated Mr. Barrett timely reported the August 27, 2014 accident.

                       Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law

       Mr. Barrett seeks medical treatment for his back and shoulder injuries as well as
temporary disability benefits. Mr. Barret has the burden of proving all essential elements
of his case in order to receive these benefits. See Tenn. Code. Ann. § 50-6-239(c)(6)

                                            8
(2015); Scott v. Integrity Staffing Solutions, No. 2015-01-0055, 2015 TN Wrk. Comp.
App. Bd. LEXIS 24, at *6 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. Aug. 18, 2015). He does
not, however, need to prove every element of his claim by a preponderance of the
evidence in order to obtain relief at an expedited hearing. McCord v. Advantage Human
Resourcing, No. 2014-06-0063, 2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 6, at *7-8, 9
(Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. Mar. 27, 2015). Instead, he has the burden to come
forward with sufficient evidence from which this Court can determine that he is likely to
prevail at a hearing on the merits. Id. As explained herein, the Court finds Mr. Barrett
carried his burden of proving entitlement to medical benefits but failed to carry his
burden of proving entitlement to temporary disability benefits.

      The parties generally do not dispute that Mr. Barrett suffered an injury on August
27, 2014, when a coworker lost control of a concrete hose. In addition to this incident,
however, Mr. Barrett also alleged he suffered injury in two other work-related incidents;
one on January 15, 2015, the other on January 21, 2015. Because Lithko changed
workers’ compensation insurance carriers between the first and second incidents, the
primary issue is which carrier is responsible for compensating Mr. Barrett for his injuries.
The Court finds Ace American is the responsible carrier.

   I.     The August 27, 2014 incident resulted in Mr. Barrett’s need for medical
          treatment.

        Under the Workers’ Compensation Law, “injury” means “an injury by accident . .
. that causes death, disablement or the need for medical treatment[.]” Tenn. Code Ann. §
50-6-102(14) (2015). To be compensable, an injury must be “caused by a specific
incident, or set of incidents, arising primarily out of and in the course and scope of
employment.” Id. “An injury arises primarily out of and in the course and scope of
employment only if it has been shown by a preponderance of the evidence that the
employment contributed more than fifty percent (50%) in causing the injury, considering
all causes[.]” Id. (internal quotations omitted). Except in the most obvious cases,
medical causation of an injury must be established through expert medical evidence. See
Thomas v. Aetna Life & Cas. Co., 812 S.W.2d 278, 283 (Tenn. 1991).

      Here, the evidence showed Mr. Barrett suffered a significant injury to his back on
August 27, 2014, while trying to contain a loose concrete hose. He stated when he
grabbed the hose it twisted his arm and shoulder to left, “messing my back up, my left hip
and my left shoulder.” Mr. Barrett did not request treatment that day but spent the
remainder of the day lying down in a work truck.

      In contrast to the August 27, 2014 accident, the other two incidents were
considerably less severe. On January 15, 2015, Mr. Barrett stepped in an isolation hole
and experienced additional back pain. Although Mr. Barrett reported the incident, he

                                             9
continued to work the remainder of the day. He also continued to work after the January
21, 2015 incident when he experienced pain after stepping into a tire rut. Mr. Barrett did
not report this incident. Furthermore, Mr. Barrett indicated in his testimony that any pain
he experienced from these incidents related to the August 27, 2014 incident.

       In addition to the facts that demonstrate the greater severity of the August 27,
2014 incident, the medical testimony also supports a finding that this incident caused Mr.
Barrett’s back and shoulder condition and his current need for medical treatment. Dr.
Standard had treated Mr. Barrett for approximately five years prior to the August 27,
2014 incident. He performed two cervical surgeries on Mr. Barrett and, therefore, had
considerable knowledge of his physical condition. See Orman v. Williams Sonoma, Inc.,
803 S.W.2d 672, 676 (Tenn. 1991) (finding that treating physicians have “the advantage
and opportunity to provide a more in-depth opinion, if not a more accurate one.”).

       In his deposition, Dr. Standard opined that the August 27, 2014 incident caused
Mr. Barrett’s back injury. Although he agreed he could not rule out that the January
incidents caused some advancement or anatomical change during cross-examination by
Ace American’s counsel, on redirect examination he stated the following:

       Notwithstanding these other injuries occurred in January of 2015, I think
       that the primary causative injury for the exacerbation and advancement of
       his lumbar condition occurred on the concrete injury of August 27th, 2014.
       He had underlying degenerative disc disease and spinal stenosis that was
       made symptomatic at that time that progressed over the time period
       requiring treatment.

(Ex. B at 26.) The Court finds this testimony sufficient to establish medical causation.

        Having found Mr. Barrett’s need for treatment resulted from the August 27, 2014
accident, the Court will now address Ace American’s claim that Mr. Barrett should be
denied recovery because he acted outside of his workplace restrictions when he grabbed
the concrete hose. Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-110(a)(2014) denies
compensation to employees whose injury resulted from the employee’s willful
misconduct, self-inflicted injury, failure or refusal to use a safety device, willful failure to
perform a duty required by law or voluntary participation in a recreational activity. The
Court finds that Mr. Barret’s spontaneous reaction of grabbing a loose concrete hose that
presented a danger to him, other employees and Lithko’s equipment fails to qualify as an
activity that may reasonably be classified as misconduct under the statute. Accordingly,
the Court finds Ace American’s defense meritless.

        In summary, the Court finds Mr. Barrett carried his burden of proving he would
likely succeed at a hearing on the merits in proving he suffered a work-related injury on

                                              10
August 27, 2014, and that this incident resulted in the injury which required medical
treatment. Because Ace American provided workers’ compensation insurance coverage
for Lithko on this date, the Court finds Ace American liable for any benefits due Mr.
Barrett for his injury.

   II.    The Court declares Dr. Standard the authorized treating physician.

       Mr. Barrett also asks the Court to authorize his medical treatment for his back with
Dr. Standard and for his shoulder with Dr. Beauchamp because Lithko failed to provide
him with a panel of physicians following the August 27, 2014 injury. The Court finds the
request for designation of Dr. Standard as the authorized treating physician well-taken.

       Tennessee law requires an employer to provide “free of charge to the employee
such medical and surgical treatment . . . made reasonably necessary by accident as
defined in this chapter[.]” See Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-204(a)(l)(A) (2014). In
providing the treatment, the Workers’ Compensation Law requires an employer to,
“designate a group of three (3) or more independent reputable physicians, surgeons,
chiropractors or specialty practice groups if available in the injured employee's
community or, if not so available, in accordance with subdivision (a)(3)(B), from which
the injured employee shall select one (1) to be the treating physician.” Id. at 50-6-
204(a)(3)(A)(i).

        Panels provided under section 50-6-204(a)(3)(A)(i) must be provided to the
injured employee in a timely fashion. In fact, the Bureau of Workers’ Compensation
rules require the employer to “immediately” provide the injured employee a panel. Tenn.
Comp. R. & Regs. 0800-02-01-.25(1) (2015). If an employer fails to provide a panel, it
risks having to pay for all reasonable and necessary medical expenses incurred by an
employee for treatment with an unauthorized physician. See McCreary v. Yasuda Fire &
Marine Ins. Co. of Amer., No. 01S01-9507-CH-00106, 1996 Tenn. LEXIS 102, at *5-6
(Tenn. Workers’ Comp. Panel Feb. 20, 1996) (citing Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-204)). The
Court finds Lithko failed to satisfy its obligations under the statute that forced Mr. Barrett
to seek unauthorized treatment with Dr. Standard.

      Following the August 27, 2014 injury, Mr. Barrett initially declined Lithko’s offers
of medical care. However, when Mr. Barrett finally requested care, Lithko provided
treatment through Dr. Nevels at U.S. Healthworks in a timely manner. In addition to
providing care, Dr. Nevels also recommended Mr. Barrett receive orthopedic care from a
specialist. Lithko never provided Mr. Barrett a panel. When he did not receive a panel,
Mr. Barrett sought treatment from Dr. Standard. As stated previously, Dr. Standard and
Mr. Barrett had a longstanding doctor-patient relationship, with Dr. Standard having
previously treated Mr. Barrett for several work-related injuries. The Court finds Mr.
Barrett’s decision to seek treatment from Dr. Standard reasonable under the

                                             11
circumstances. Furthermore, because of Mr. Barrett’s relationship with Dr. Standard, and
because of Lithko’s failure to provide a panel of orthopedic specialists, the Court
appoints Dr. Standard to serve as the authorized treating physician. Ace American shall
pay for reasonable and necessary care recommended by Dr. Standard.

       Mr. Barrett also seeks the authorization of care provided by Dr. Beauchamp. At
this time, however, the Court has insufficient information to demonstrate either the
reasonableness or necessity of Dr. Beauchamp’s treatment. Instead, the Court finds it
appropriate to appoint Dr. Standard as the authorized treating physician and allow him to
coordinate any necessary medical care. This decision does not prevent Mr. Barrett from
submitting further proof of the reasonableness or necessity of Dr. Beauchamp’s care in a
subsequent proceeding.

   III.   Mr. Barrett failed to prove entitlement to temporary disability benefits.

        Mr. Barrett requests payment of temporary disability benefits. In order to
establish a prima facie case for temporary total disability benefits, the worker must show
(1) he is totally disabled and unable to work due to a compensable injury, (2) the work
injury and inability to work are causally connected, and (3) the duration of the disability.
Jewell v. Cobble Construction and Arcus Restoration, No. 2014-05-0003, 2015 TN Wrk.
Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 1, at *21 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. Jan. 12, 2015). An
employee is entitled to receive temporary partial disability benefits, pursuant to
Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-207(2) (2014), when “the temporary disability is
not total.” Stem v. Thompson Servs., No. M2010-01566-WC-R3-WC, 2011 Tenn. LEXIS
742, at *27 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. Panel July 26, 2011). An employee may recover
temporary total disability benefits until he is able to return to work or attains maximum
medical improvement. Jones v. Crencor Leasing and Sales, No. 2015-06-0332, 2015
TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 48, at *7 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. Dec. 11,
2015).

      Because Dr. Nevels released Mr. Barrett to return to work with restrictions, his
recovery is limited to temporary partial disability benefits. However, Lithko maintains
Mr. Barrett cannot recover any temporary partial disability benefits because it terminated
him for cause. The Court agrees.

       An injured employee is not entitled to temporary disability benefits if
terminated for cause and the employer w a s reasonably capable o f providing
modified duty within the restrictions assigned. To be excused from this obligation, the
employer must demonstrate that an employee’s termination resulted from a breach of
the reasonable expectations of the employer and appears reasonably appropriate. In
such cases, the employer is deemed to have made reasonable efforts to accommodate
the employee’s work restrictions and the work injury is not the reason for his

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termination. See generally Jones v, No. 2015-06-0332, 2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd.
LEXIS 48; Carter v. First Source Furniture Group, 92 S.W.3d 367, 371-372 (Tenn.
2002) (holding that, “ an employer should be permitted to enforce workplace rules
without being penalized in a workers’ compensation case”); Ingram v. Heads Up Cutting
Ctr., No. M2012-00464-WC-R3-WC, 2013 Tenn. LEXIS 338, at *20 (Tenn. Workers’
Comp. Panel Apr. 10, 2013); see also Durham v. Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc.,
No. E2008-00708-WC-R3-WC, 2009 LEXIS 3, at *9 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. Panel Oct.
22, 2008).2

       Here, Mr. Dittman testified that Lithko could have accommodated the restrictions
imposed on Mr. Barrett by Dr. Nevels and, in fact, did so up until his termination.
Furthermore, despite the statement Mr. Dittman made concerning the restrictions—
essentially that Dr. Nevels might as well have said that Mr. Barrett could not do
anything—Mr. Barrett agreed he would still be working for Lithko but for his
termination. The Court finds this evidence sufficient to prove Lithko could have
accommodated Mr. Barrett’s work-related restrictions.

        The Court further finds Lithko terminated Mr. Barrett for cause. While the timing
of his termination raised some question as to motive, the testimony from Mr. Dittman and
Mr. Phelps demonstrated Lithko had a valid reason for his firing. Mr. Phelps testified
Lithko was concerned with what it regarded as Mr. Barrett’s lax attitude toward safety
issues, performance, and job quality issues. Mr. Dittman corroborated this testimony
when he stated: “It was our inability to appropriately plan—plan the work and do it in a
safe manner and do it with quality, and our inability to do a DPP on a daily basis that
would address all of the issues that we were having on an ongoing manner.” Though not
completely supportive, the totality of the evidence tended to support this testimony by
showing Mr. Barrett failed to conduct regular safety and planning meetings and was in a
supervisory role when two serious safety violations occurred. Additionally, Lithko
pointed to concerns about work quality and cost overruns. While all were not directly
attributable to Mr. Barrett’s work, at least some of the quality and cost issues were.
Accordingly, the Court finds Mr. Barrett failed to prove he would likely succeed at a
hearing on the merits in proving entitlement to temporary disability benefits and denies
his request.

IT IS, THEREFORE, ORDERED as follows:



2
 The Tennessee Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board allows reliance on precedent from the Tennessee Supreme
Court “unless it is evident that the Supreme Court’s decision or rationale relied on a remedial interpretation of pre-
July 1, 2014 statutes, that it relied on specific statutory language no longer contained in the Workers’ Compensation
Law, and/or that it relied on an analysis that has since been addressed by the general assembly through statutory
amendments.” McCord v. Advantage Human Resourcing, No. 2014-06-0063, 2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd.
LEXIS 6, *13 n.4 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd. Mar. 27, 2015).
                                                         13
   1. Dr. Scott Standard shall serve as the authorized treating physician.

   2. Lithko shall provide medical treatment for Mr. Barrett’s work-related injury with
      Dr. Scott Standard. Dr. Standard or Mr. Barrett shall provide bills for these
      services to Lithko. Ace American or the third party administrator, Gallagher
      Bassett, shall be responsible for payment.

   3. Mr. Barrett’s request for temporary disability benefits is denied at this time.

   4. This matter is set for an Initial (Scheduling) Hearing on June 10, 2016, at 9:30
      a.m. (CDT). The parties are instructed to contact the Court Clerk if they wish to
      reschedule

   5. Unless interlocutory appeal of the Expedited Hearing Order is filed, compliance
      with this Order must occur no later than seven business days from the date of entry
      of this Order as required by Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-239(d)(3)
      (2015). The Insurer or Self-Insured Employer must submit confirmation of
      compliance      with    this     Order    to    the    Bureau    by     email     to
      WCCompliance.Program@tn.gov no later than the seventh business day after
      entry of this Order. Failure to submit the necessary confirmation within the period
      of compliance may result in a penalty assessment for non-compliance.

   6. For questions regarding compliance, please contact the Workers’ Compensation
      Compliance Unit via email WCCompliance.Program@tn.gov or by calling (615)
      253-1471.

ENTERED ON THIS THE___DAY
                    13th  OF MAY, 2016.


                                          ____________________________________
                                          Judge Joshua Davis Baker
                                          Court of Workers’ Compensation Claims
Initial Hearing:

An Initial (Scheduling) Hearing has been sent for June 10, 2016, at 9:30 a.m. Central
Time with Judge Joshua Davis Baker, Court of Workers’ Compensation Claims.
You must call 615-741-2113 or toll free at 855-874-0474 to participate in the Initial
Hearing.



                                            14
Please Note: You must call in on the scheduled date/time to participate. Failure to
call in may result in a determination of the issues without your further
participation. All conferences are set using Central Time (CT).


Right to Appeal:

       Tennessee Law allows any party who disagrees with this Expedited Hearing Order
to appeal the decision to the Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board. To file a Notice of
Appeal, you must:

   1. Complete the enclosed form entitled: “Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal.”

   2. File the completed form with the Court Clerk within seven business days of the
      date the Workers’ Compensation Judge entered the Expedited Hearing Order.

   3. Serve a copy of the Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal upon the opposing party.

   4. The appealing party is responsible for payment of a filing fee in the amount of
      $75.00. Within ten calendar days after the filing of a notice of appeal, payment
      must be received by check, money order, or credit card payment. Payments can be
      made in person at any Bureau office or by United States mail, hand-delivery, or
      other delivery service. In the alternative, the appealing party may file an Affidavit
      of Indigency, on a form prescribed by the Bureau, seeking a waiver of the filing
      fee. The Affidavit of Indigency may be filed contemporaneously with the Notice
      of Appeal or must be filed within ten calendar days thereafter. The Appeals Board
      will consider the Affidavit of Indigency and issue an Order granting or denying
      the request for a waiver of the filing fee as soon thereafter as is practicable.
      Failure to timely pay the filing fee or file the Affidavit of Indigency in
      accordance with this section shall result in dismissal of the appeal.

   5. The parties, having the responsibility of ensuring a complete record on appeal,
      may request, from the Court Clerk, the audio recording of the hearing for the
      purpose of having a transcript prepared by a licensed court reporter and filing it
      with the Court Clerk within ten calendar days of the filing of the Expedited
      Hearing Notice of Appeal. Alternatively, the parties may file a joint statement of
      the evidence within ten calendar days of the filing of the Expedited Hearing
      Notice of Appeal. The statement of the evidence must convey a complete and
      accurate account of what transpired in the Court of Workers’ Compensation
      Claims and must be approved by the workers’ compensation judge before the
      record is submitted to the clerk of the Appeals Board.


                                            15
6. If the appellant elects to file a position statement in support of the interlocutory
   appeal, the appellant shall file such position statement with the Court Clerk within
   five business days of the expiration of the time to file a transcript or statement of
   the evidence, specifying the issues presented for review and including any
   argument in support thereof. A party opposing the appeal shall file a response, if
   any, with the Court Clerk within five business days of the filing of the appellant’s
   position statement. All position statements pertaining to an appeal of an
   interlocutory order should include: (1) a statement summarizing the facts of the
   case from the evidence admitted during the expedited hearing; (2) a statement
   summarizing the disposition of the case as a result of the expedited hearing; (3) a
   statement of the issue(s) presented for review; and (4) an argument, citing
   appropriate statutes, case law, or other authority.




                                         16
                                    APPENDIX
Exhibits:

   A. Affidavit of Buster Barrett
   B. Deposition of Scott Standard
   C. Medical Records
   D. Picture from Job Site
   E. Root Cause Analysis with Date of Incident of 6/16/14
   F. First Report of Injury
   G. Root Cause Analysis with Date of Incident of 8/27/2014
   H. Saw Cut Photographs (2)
   I. Concrete Finishing Photographs (7)
   J. Breakdown of Place Finish Labor Costs
   K. Root Cause Analysis with Date of Incident of 1/05/2015
   L. Root Cause Analysis with Date of Incident of 1/20/2015
   M. Certificate to Return to Work or School 8/17/2012
   N. Floor Flatness Testing Reports, 1/20/15 & 2/02/15
   O. Medical Records of Dr. Standard
   P. Notes Prepared by Philip Macuila

Technical Record:

   1. Petition for Benefit Determination (PBD) – Docket No. 2015-06-0186
   2. PBD – Docket No. 2015-06-0188
   3. PBD – Docket No. 2015-06-0189
   4. Dispute Certification Notice (DCN) – Docket No. 2015-06-0186
   5. DCN – Docket No. 2015-06-0188
   6. DCN – Docket No. 2015-06-0189
   7. Request for Expedited Hearing (REH) – Docket No. 2015-06-0186
   8. REH – Docket No. 2015-06-0188
   9. REH – Docket No. 2015-06-0189
   10. Agreed Order Rescheduled Expedited Hearing
   11. Amended PBD Adding Second Injury Fund as a Party
   12. Travelers’ Notice of Appearance
   13. Travelers’ Pre-trial Brief
   14. Travelers’ Witness and Exhibit List
   15. Ace American’s Notice of Appearance
   16. Ace American’s Pretrial Brief
   17. Notice of Filing Medical Records
   18. Notice of Filing Supplemental Exhibit
   19. Buster Barret’s Pretrial Brief

                                         17
                            CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
       I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the Expedited Hearing Order For
Medical Benefits was sent to the following recipients by the following methods of service
            13th
on this the____day of May, 2016.


 Name                      Certified Via   Via   Service sent to:
                           Mail            Email
                                     Fax
 Jill Draughon, Counsel                           jdraughon@hughesandcoleman.com
 for Employee
 John Barringer, Counsel                          jbarringer@manierherod.com
 for ACE American
 Insurance/Gallagher
 Bassett
 Wm. Ritchie Pigue,                               rpigue@tpmblaw.com
 Counsel for Travelers
 Patrick Ruth                                     patrick.ruth@tn.gov
 Counsel for SIF




                                         _____________________________________
                                         Penny Shrum, Clerk of Court
                                         Court of Workers’ Compensation Claims
                                         WC.CourtClerk@tn.gov




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