MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                        Aug 20 2015, 9:02 am
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.


ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT                                  ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Eric K. Koselke                                          Gregory F. Zoeller
Indianapolis, Indiana                                    Attorney General of Indiana
John M. Christ                                           Monika Prekopa Talbot
Indianapolis, Indiana                                    Deputy Attorney General
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana



                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Demetrius Buntin,                                        August 20, 2015
Appellant-Defendant,                                     Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                         70A01-1501-CR-20
        v.                                               Appeal from the Rush Superior
                                                         Court
State of Indiana,                                        The Honorable Brian D. Hill,
Appellee-Plaintiff.                                      Judge
                                                         Trial Court Cause No. 70D01-
                                                         1309-FA-628



Riley, Judge.




Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 70A01-1501-CR-20 | August 20, 2015   Page 1 of 12
                                   STATEMENT OF THE CASE

[1]   Appellant-Defendant, Demetrius Buntin (Buntin), appeals his conviction for

      Count I, dealing in cocaine, a Class A felony, Ind. Code § 35-48-4-1(b)(1)

      (2006); Count II, possession of cocaine in excess of three grams, a Class C

      felony, I.C. § 35-48-4-6(b)(1)(A) (2006); and Count III, possession of cocaine

      and a firearm, a Class C felony, I.C. § 35-48-4-6(b)(1)(B) (2006).


[2]   We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand with instructions.


                                                    ISSUES


[3]   Buntin raises two issue on appeal, which we restate as:

      (1) Whether the trial court abused its discretion in admitting evidence that was

      seized during a warrantless search; and

      (2) Whether double jeopardy protections were violated when Buntin was

      convicted of Class A felony dealing in cocaine, Class C felony possession of

      cocaine in excess of three grams, and Class C felony possession of cocaine and

      a firearm.


                           FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

[4]   On September 18, 2013, Kim Shearer (Shearer) contacted probation officer Joe

      Jarman (Officer Jarman) claiming that her landlord had stolen her prescription

      pain medicine. Although Officer Jarman was not Shearer’s probation officer at

      the time, she considered him a friend. Because it was not in the scope of

      Officer Jarman’s duties to investigate criminal reports, he passed on the

      information to Deputy Sheriff Douglas Keith (Deputy Sheriff Keith) of the
      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 70A01-1501-CR-20 | August 20, 2015   Page 2 of 12
      Rush County Sheriff’s Department. Acting on the report, Deputy Sheriff Keith,

      accompanied by Jarman, went to Shearer’s apartment in Manilla, Indiana, to

      investigate. While inside Shearer’s apartment, her phone rang several times,

      but Shearer did not answer. Shearer was also nervous. When Deputy Sheriff

      Keith questioned Shearer as to who was calling, Shearer stated that it was an

      old friend called “Shorty,” who was later identified as Buntin. (Transcript p.

      194). Shearer informed Deputy Sheriff Keith that Buntin wanted to sell her

      some cocaine. Deputy Sheriff Keith instructed Shearer to answer Buntin’s call

      and set up a meeting where she would buy an “eight-ball of cocaine” 1 and a

      gram of heroin. (Tr. p. 195). According to Shearer, Buntin stated that he had

      the cocaine on hand but he would have to make arrangements to get the heroin.

      Buntin informed Shearer that the price for the cocaine would be around $280,

      and the heroin would cost $90. Buntin was expected to drop off the drugs at

      Shearer’s apartment.


[5]   Deputy Sheriff Keith briefly left Shearer’s residence to obtain some buy money.

      When he returned, a female officer searched Shearer and Shearer was given the

      buy money. Two officers remained inside Shearer’s apartment. Undercover

      vehicles were parked at strategic locations in the parking lot so that Buntin

      would have to park at a certain location. Detective Alix Shaver (Detective

      Shaver) sat at a picnic table about thirty to forty feet away from where Buntin

      was expected to park when he arrived. Officer Jarman and Detective Randy



      1
          An eight-ball is “3.4 grams” of cocaine. (Tr. p. 195).


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 70A01-1501-CR-20 | August 20, 2015   Page 3 of 12
      Meek (Detective Meek) waited in a parked van across the street from Shearer’s

      apartment building. Deputy Sheriff Keith waited at the Manilla Fire Station

      which was approximately 200 yards east of Shearer’s residence. In addition,

      Police Chief Craig Tucker (Chief Tucker), Deputy Sheriff Joshua Brinson

      (Deputy Sheriff Brinson), and Deputy Sheriff Matt Hendricks (Deputy Sheriff

      Hendricks), waited along State Road 44, west of Manilla.


[6]   Shearer called Buntin and asked what time he would arrive, and at some point,

      Buntin phoned Shearer back indicating that he was having trouble obtaining the

      heroin. The officers instructed Shearer to ask Buntin if he would make up the

      difference with cocaine. Buntin agreed and indicated that he was on his way.

      A short while later, Buntin called Shearer and stated that he was nearby. At

      around 6:40 p.m., Buntin pulled into the parking lot in front of Shearer’s

      apartment in a black SUV. As Shearer approached Buntin’s vehicle, she saw an

      adult male in the passenger’s seat with a handgun on his lap and a three-year-

      old boy seated in the back seat. Shearer approached Buntin and gave him the

      buy money. In turn, Buntin retrieved the cocaine from the vehicle’s door panel,

      weighed it on a digital scale, and handed it to Shearer. Detective Meek, who

      was inside the surveillance van across the street, recorded the whole

      transaction.


[7]   Once Buntin’s vehicle pulled out, Shearer walked to Detective Shaver who was

      still seated at the picnic table, and handed her the plastic bag containing the

      cocaine. Buntin’s vehicle was stopped on State Road 44. Both Buntin and the

      male passenger were ordered to step out of the vehicle. They were subsequently

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 70A01-1501-CR-20 | August 20, 2015   Page 4 of 12
      handcuffed and placed in separate police vehicles. The three-year-old boy was

      also removed from Buntin’s vehicle and placed inside a police vehicle.

      Moments later, Deputy Sheriff Keith arrived at the scene and informed the

      officers that there might be narcotics in Buntin’s vehicle. Deputy Sheriffs

      Brinson and Hendricks proceeded to search Buntin’s vehicle, with Brinson

      searching the passenger’s side and Hendricks on the driver’s side.


[8]   Upon opening the passenger door, Deputy Sheriff Brinson heard something

      metallic hit the ground and when he looked down, he saw several bullets lying

      on the ground. Deputy Sheriff Brinson also observed that the door panel was

      loose and when he pulled it back, he saw a Smith and Wesson 40 caliber semi-

      automatic pistol. In addition, a small plastic baggie fell to the ground, and

      subsequent testing revealed that it contained 2.87 grams of marijuana. Likewise

      with the driver’s door, the panel was loose, and Deputy Sheriff Hendricks

      observed money protruding from in between the door panel. When he pulled

      back the driver’s door panel, a lot of money and a small Crown Royal bag

      containing additional baggies fell to the ground. Deputy Sheriff Hendricks also

      found a digital scale in the pocket of the driver’s side door. After the money,

      bullets, handgun, Crown Royal bag, and digital scale were removed from the

      vehicle and photographed, Buntin’s vehicle was towed to the Rush County

      Sheriff’s Department. Deputy Sheriff Keith subsequently applied for and

      obtained a search warrant. When the officers executed the warrant, they found

      three locked cell phones in the vehicle.




      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 70A01-1501-CR-20 | August 20, 2015   Page 5 of 12
[9]    On September 23, 2013, the State charged Buntin with Count I, a Class A

       felony dealing in cocaine, I.C. § 35-48-4-1(b)(1) (2006); Count II, a Class C

       felony possession of cocaine in excess of three grams, I.C. § 35-48-4-6(b)(1)(A)

       (2006); Count III, a Class C felony possession of cocaine and a firearm, I.C. §

       35-48-4-6(b)(1)(B) (2006); Count IV, a Class A misdemeanor possession of

       marijuana, hash oil or hashish, I.C. § 35-48-4-11(1) (2013); Count V, a Class D

       felony receiving stolen property, I.C. § 35-43-4-2(b) (2009); and Count VI, a

       Class D felony neglect of a dependent, I.C. § 35-46-1-4(a)(1) (2013). 2 Prior to

       his trial, Buntin, through counsel, filed two motions: a motion to suppress the

       evidence from his vehicle search, and a motion to suppress the evidence

       pursuant to the search warrant. On November 17, 2014, the trial court held a

       suppression hearing and denied Buntin’s motions. On November 21, 2014, the

       State dismissed Count V, a Class D felony receiving stolen property, and it

       subsequently renumbered the charges.


[10]   Buntin’s jury trial was held on November 24-25, 2014. At the close of the

       evidence, the jury found Buntin guilty of all charges with the exception of

       Count IV, possession of marijuana, hash oil or hashish. On December 22,

       2014, the trial court held Buntin’s sentencing hearing. As for Count I, Buntin

       received twenty-two years with eight years suspended to probation. On Counts

       II and III, Buntin received concurrent sentences of four years each. On Count




       2
        Buntin does not challenge his conviction for neglect of a dependent, and we affirm that portion of the trial
       court’s judgment.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 70A01-1501-CR-20 | August 20, 2015            Page 6 of 12
       V, the trial court sentenced Buntin to one and-one-half years. Buntin’s

       sentences were to run consecutively.


[11]   Buntin now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.


                                   DISCUSSION AND DECISION

                                        I. Admission of the Evidence

                                            A. Standard of Review

[12]   When a defendant challenges the propriety of a search following a completed

       trial, the issue is one of whether the trial court properly admitted the evidence.

       Casady v. State, 934 N.E.2d 1181, 1188 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010). We review a trial

       court’s ruling on the admissibility of evidence “for abuse of [ ] discretion and

       reverse only when admission is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts

       and circumstances and the error affects a party’s substantial rights.” Clark v.

       State, 994 N.E.2d 252, 260 (Ind. 2013). “We consider the evidence most

       favorable to the trial court’s decision and any uncontradicted evidence to the

       contrary.” Lee v. State, 916 N.E.2d 706, 707 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009). When an

       appellant’s challenge to the admission of evidence is based on the argument that

       the search or seizure of the evidence was unconstitutional, it raises a question of

       law, which we review de novo. Guilmette v. State, 14 N.E.3d 38, 41 (Ind. 2014).

       We will reverse only if we find the decision below “clearly against the logic and

       effect of the facts and circumstances.” Joyner v. State, 678 N.E.2d 386, 390 (Ind.

       1997). Finally, a trial court’s evidentiary ruling will be upheld on appeal on any




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 70A01-1501-CR-20 | August 20, 2015   Page 7 of 12
       legal basis that is sustainable in the record. Matheny v. State, 983 N.E.2d 672,

       676 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013), trans. denied.


                                     B. Propriety of the Vehicle Search

[13]   Buntin argues that the search and seizure violated his rights under the Indiana

       Constitution. We note that the text of Article 1, Section 11 of the Indiana

       Constitution is identical to the Fourth Amendment, but the two provisions have

       been given somewhat different interpretations. State v. Hobbs, 933 N.E.2d 1281,

       1287 (Ind. 2010). Conformity of a search under the Indiana Constitution turns

       on an evaluation of the “reasonableness” of the conduct of the law enforcement

       officers, not on the expectation of privacy commonly associated with Fourth

       Amendment analysis. Id. Relevant considerations in evaluating reasonableness

       of a search under all the circumstances include the degree to which the search

       or seizure disrupts the suspect’s normal activities, and those facts and

       observations that support the officer’s decision to initiate the search or seizure.

       Id.


[14]   Although there may well be other relevant considerations under the

       circumstances, the reasonableness of a search or seizure generally turns on a

       balance of: (1) the degree of concern, suspicion, or knowledge that a violation

       has occurred; (2) the degree of intrusion the method of the search or seizure

       imposes on the citizen’s ordinary activities; and (3) the extent of law

       enforcement needs. Litchfield v. State, 824 N.E.2d 356, 361 (Ind. 2005). We

       consider each of these factors in turn.


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 70A01-1501-CR-20 | August 20, 2015   Page 8 of 12
[15]   Considering the balancing of the non-exclusive factors identified in Litchfield,

       we conclude that the interior search of Buntin’s vehicle was reasonable under

       the circumstances. First, there was a significant “degree of concern, suspicion,

       or knowledge that a violation has occurred”—dealing in cocaine. Id. From the

       earlier controlled drug buy and surveillance efforts, the police had ample reason

       to believe that Buntin’s vehicle contained illegal drugs. The information known

       to police clearly related to the vehicle being searched, and there were significant

       indicators that Buntin’s vehicle contained contraband.


[16]   Second, the search minimally intruded onto Buntin’s ordinary activities in view

       of the compelling nature of the evidence indicating the presence of contraband

       in Buntin’s vehicle. The record shows that once Deputy Sheriff Brinson opened

       the passenger door, bullets fell to the ground. At that point, the scope of the

       search became more invasive, but the officers had an even higher degree of

       confidence that the vehicle contained evidence of a criminal offense. When

       Deputy Sheriff Brinson pulled back the loosely fastened passenger door panel,

       he saw a gun. On the driver’s side, Deputy Sheriff Hendricks opened the door

       and saw money protruding from in between the door panels. When he pulled it

       back, a lot of money and a Crown Royal Bag containing additional baggies fell

       to the ground. Also, the weighing scale was visible in the driver’s door pocket.


[17]   Finally, we find the extent of law enforcement needs to be strong. Buntin was a

       drug dealer and had just sold drugs to Shearer. As such, there was an abundant

       reason to believe that Buntin was in possession of additional drugs in the

       vehicle along with the buy money that Shearer had paid for the cocaine.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 70A01-1501-CR-20 | August 20, 2015   Page 9 of 12
[18]   Under the totality of the circumstances, we conclude that the officers’ action

       were reasonable and that Buntin’s rights under Article I, Section 11 of the

       Indiana Constitution were not violated. Further, we conclude that the trial

       court did not abuse its discretion in admitting evidence seized as a result of the

       warrantless search.


                                              II. Double Jeopardy

[19]   Here, Buntin first argues his conviction and subsequent sentence for both Count

       I and II, Class A felony dealing in cocaine, and Class C felony possession of

       cocaine in excess of three grams, violate the Indiana Constitution’s prohibition

       against double jeopardy. Also, Buntin argues that his convictions for both

       Counts I and III, Class A dealing in cocaine and Class C possession of cocaine

       and a firearm, respectively, violate double jeopardy principles. The State

       concedes and we agree.


[20]   Article I, Section 14 of the Indiana Constitution provides that “[n]o person shall

       be put in jeopardy twice for the same offense.” We determine whether

       convictions violate this clause by following the two-part test established in

       Richardson v. State, 717 N.E.2d 32 (Ind. 1999). First, we evaluate whether the

       statutory elements of the crimes are the same. Goldberry v. State, 821 N.E.2d

       447, 458 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005). Then, we evaluate whether the actual evidence

       used to convict the defendant of the two crimes is the same. Id.


[21]   In Harrison v. State, 901 N.E.2d 635, 643-44 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009), we concluded

       that the defendant’s conviction for possession of cocaine was barred by double

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 70A01-1501-CR-20 | August 20, 2015   Page 10 of 12
       jeopardy because the same cocaine was used to support the defendant’s dealing

       and possession convictions. In reaching this conclusion, we noted that the

       Indiana supreme court has held that “where the same cocaine supports both

       possession of cocaine pursuant to Indiana Code Section 35-48-4-6 and dealing

       in cocaine pursuant to Indiana Code Section 35-48-4-1, possession of cocaine is

       a lesser included offense of dealing in cocaine.” Id. (citing Hardister v. State,

       849 N.E.2d 563, 575 (Ind. 2006); see Mason v. State, 532 N.E.2d 1169, 1172

       (Ind.1989)). Thus, Buntin may not be convicted and sentenced on both the

       greater and lesser offenses. Accordingly, we vacate Buntin’s conviction for

       Count II, possession of cocaine in excess of three grams.


[22]   With regards to Buntin’s convictions for both Count I and III, Class A felony

       dealing in cocaine, and Class C felony possession of cocaine and a firearm,

       Hardister is directly on point. The Indiana supreme court in that case held that

       Class C felony possession of cocaine and a firearm is a lesser-included offense

       of a Class A felony dealing in cocaine if both crimes are based upon the same

       cocaine. 849 N.E.2d 563, 574-76. As such, the conviction for the lesser-

       included offense cannot stand. Id. Here, the State does not dispute that

       Buntin’s conviction for Counts I and III were based upon the same cocaine, so

       that Count III is a lesser-included offense of Count I, and Count III must be

       vacated.


[23]   Accordingly, we reverse in part and remand to the trial court with instructions

       to vacate Buntin’s conviction and sentences for Counts II and III. However,

       Buntin’s conviction for Class A felony dealing in cocaine remains.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 70A01-1501-CR-20 | August 20, 2015   Page 11 of 12
                                               CONCLUSION

[24]   Based on the foregoing, we concluded that: (1) the search challenged in this

       case was not unreasonable and thus it did not violate Article 1, Section 11 of

       the Indiana Constitution; and (2) we affirm Buntin’s conviction for his Class A

       felony offense, but we reverse in part and remand to the trial court with

       instructions to vacate Buntin’s convictions and sentences for Counts II and III.


[25]   Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded with instructions.


[26]   Friedlander, J. and Brown, J. concur




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