                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                    No. 18-0115
                               Filed March 21, 2018


IN THE INTEREST OF M.H.,
Minor Child,

J.H., Father,
       Appellant.
________________________________________________________________


       Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Dubuque County, Thomas J. Straka,

Associate Juvenile Judge.



       A father appeals the termination of his parental rights to his child.

AFFIRMED.



       Dustin A. Baker of Baker Law, Dubuque, for appellant father.

       Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Meredith L. Lamberti, Assistant

Attorney General, for appellee State.

       Sandra P. Trevino of Jensen & Trevino, P.C., East Dubuque, Illinois,

guardian ad litem for minor child.



       Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Vaitheswaran and Bower, JJ.
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VAITHESWARAN, Judge.

       A father appeals the termination of his parental rights to his child, born in

2017. He contends the State failed to make reasonable efforts to reunify him with

the child.

I.     Background Facts and Proceedings

       The department of human services became involved with the family after

the child tested positive for marijuana at birth. The parents later underwent drug

testing and both tested positive for illegal substances.

       When the child was a little over four weeks old, a department employee and

the Dubuque Drug Task Force went to the parents’ home to identify a sober

caregiver for the child. They found evidence of marijuana use on the porch. The

father would not admit the department employee into the home to check on the

child’s welfare. The State sought and obtained an order temporarily removing the

child from the home. At the same time, authorities arrested and jailed the father

for possession of drug paraphernalia.

       Meanwhile, authorities obtained a search warrant for the home. They found

several pounds of methamphetamine and a loaded gun in a safe in the child’s

room. The State added charges of possession of marijuana, possession with

intent to deliver (methamphetamine), and possession of a firearm as a felon. The

father was jailed in various facilities throughout the juvenile court proceedings.

       The child was adjudicated in need of assistance and remained out of the

parents’ home. The State eventually petitioned to terminate parental rights to the

child. Following an evidentiary hearing, the juvenile court granted the petition. The

father appealed.
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II.    Reasonable Efforts

       “‘[R]easonable efforts’ means the efforts made to preserve and unify a

family prior to the out-of-home placement of a child in foster care or to eliminate

the need for removal of the child or make it possible for the child to safely return to

the family’s home.” Iowa Code § 232.102(12) (2017). “[T]he scope of the efforts

by the [department] to reunify parent and child after removal impacts the burden

of proving those elements of termination which require reunification efforts.” In re

C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 493 (Iowa 2000). “The State must show reasonable efforts

as a part of its ultimate proof the child cannot be safely returned to the care of a

parent.” Id.

       The juvenile court terminated the father’s parental rights pursuant to Iowa

Code section 232.116(1)(h) and (I). Both provisions require proof of several

elements including proof the child cannot be returned to the parent’s custody. See

Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(h)(4), 232.116(1)(l)(3).        This element “implicates the

reasonable effort requirement.” In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d at 492 (stating statutory

termination grounds requiring proof child cannot be returned included reasonable

efforts requirement). Because it is an element the State must prove, we reject the

State’s contention that the father failed to preserve error by challenging the

requirement in juvenile court.

       “The services required to be supplied an incarcerated parent, as with any

other parent, are only those that are reasonable under the circumstances.” In re

S.J., 620 N.W.2d 522, 525 (Iowa Ct. App. 2000). This court has stated:


              In determining what services are reasonable under the
       circumstances, the department may wish to consider some or all of
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       the following factors, among others, if applicable: the age of the
       children, the bonding the children have or do not have with their
       parent, including any existing clinical or other recommendations
       concerning visitation, the nature of parenting deficiencies, the
       physical location of the child and the parent, the limitations of the
       place of confinement, the services available in the prison setting, the
       nature of the offense, and the length of the parent’s sentence.

Id.

       As noted, the child was just one month old when the father was arrested

and jailed in Dubuque County. The department case manager met with the father

every month while he was in the Dubuque County jail. However, she could not

facilitate visits with the child because the Dubuque County jail disallowed parent-

child visits. She testified the father also could not gain access to other reunification

services until the father’s charges were resolved and he was placed in a prison

setting.

       Meanwhile, the father was transferred to jails in other counties. At least one

of the counties had less restrictive visitation policies than Dubuque County and the

father was allowed to see his child three times, albeit through glass barriers. At

the time of the termination hearing, the child was seven-and-a-half months old and

the case manager acknowledged the limited number of visits would have done little

to preserve the bond the father developed in the month after the child’s birth.

       But even if the department had been able to facilitate additional visits, the

prospects for reunification were slim. The father testified he recently pled guilty to

federal charges of possession of methamphetamine and possession of a firearm

as a felon and he expected to be sentenced to a prison term. He acknowledged

the child could not be returned to his care now or any time in the near future.
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      In the face of the father’s multiple jail transfers and divergent jail policies,

we conclude the department did its best to comply with the reasonable efforts

mandate. We further conclude the State satisfied its burden of proving termination

under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h). See In re A.B., 815 N.W.2d 764, 774

(Iowa 2012) (“When the juvenile court terminates parental rights on more than one

statutory ground, we may affirm the juvenile court’s order on any ground we find

supported by the record.”).

      AFFIRMED.
