                In the Missouri Court of Appeals
                        Eastern District
                                                 DIVISION TWO

TERENCE E. PORTER, JR.,                                      )            ED107161
                                                             )
           Appellant,                                        )            Appeal from the Circuit Court of
                                                             )            St. Louis County
v.                                                           )            17SL-CC00088
                                                             )
SANTANDER CONSUMER USA, INC.,                                )            Honorable Joseph L. Walsh
                                                             )
           Respondent.                                       )            Filed: September 24, 2019

                                                     OPINION

           Terence E. Porter, Jr. (“Porter”) appeals the trial court’s judgment entered in favor of

Santander Consumer USA, Inc. (“Santander”) after a bench trial. Porter raises six points on

appeal. Porter’s appeal substantially fails to comply with the mandatory requirements of

Missouri Supreme Court Rule 84.04; therefore, it preserves nothing for our review. We dismiss

his appeal.1

                                                  DISCUSSION

           Rule 84.04 sets forth the requirement for appellate briefs and compliance with these

requirements “is mandatory in order to ensure that appellate courts do not become advocates by




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    All references to Rules are to Missouri Supreme Court Rules (2016).
speculating on facts and on arguments that have not been made.” Tatum v. Tatum, 577 S.W.3d

146, 149 (Mo. E.D. App. 2019). Porter appeals pro se.

         Our court holds pro se appellants to the same standards as attorneys; accordingly, pro se

litigants are “subject to the same procedural rules as parties represented by counsel, including the

rules specifying the required contents of appellate briefs.” Duncan-Anderson v. Duncan, 321

S.W.3d 498, 499 (Mo. App. E.D. 2010); Rainey v. SSPS, Inc., 259 S.W.3d 603, 604 (Mo. App.

W.D. 2008). A pro se appellant is not granted preferential treatment in regard to their

compliance with procedural briefing rules; this is not for lack of sympathy, but rather is

“necessitated by the requirement of judicial impartiality, judicial economy, and fairness to all

parties.” Bruce v. City of Farmington, 551 S.W.3d 65, 66 (Mo. App. E.D. 2018); Elkins v.

Elkins, 257 S.W.3d 617, 618 (Mo. App. E.D. 2008). Our court has the discretion to review non-

compliant briefs ex gratia where the argument is readily understandable. Brown v. Brown, 530

S.W.3d 35, 40–41 (Mo. App. E.D. 2017). However, if the deficiencies in the brief are such that

no claims are preserved for appellate review, we must dismiss the appeal. McGuire v. Edwards,

571 S.W.3d 661, 666 (Mo. App. E.D. 2019).

         Porter’s appellate brief violates Rule 84.04 in multiple respects, such that to address the

merits of this appeal, this court would assume the role of Porter’s advocate by searching the

record for the relevant facts of the case, speculating about the possible claims of error, and

crafting a legal argument on his behalf. Kim v. Won II Kim, 443 S.W.3d 29, 31 (Mo. App. W.D.

2014).

         First, Porter’s appellate brief fails to “include a concise statement describing whether the

error was preserved for appellate review; if so, how it was preserved; and the applicable standard

of review.” Rule 84.04(e). The standard of review is essential to all appellate arguments, as it



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outlines this court’s role in disposing of the matter before it. Steele v. Schnuck Markets, Inc., 485

S.W.3d 823, 824 (Mo. App. E.D. 2016). It is not this court’s duty to supplement a deficient brief

with its own research, to comb the record in search of facts to support an appellant’s claim of

error, or demonstrate it is properly preserved for appellate review. Carruthers v. Serenity Mem’l

Funeral & Cremation Serv., LLC, 576 S.W.3d 301, 305 (Mo. App. E.D. 2019).

         Second, Rule 84.04 (c) requires an appellant’s brief contain “a fair and concise statement

of the facts relevant to the questions presented for determination without argument.” Porter fails

to detail even the basic circumstances necessary to resolve the claims he attempts to raise in his

appeal. He only provides a paragraph regarding the evidence presented at trial and does not

include “specific page references to the relevant portion of the record on appeal, i.e., legal file,

transcript, or exhibits . . . .” as required by Rule 84.04(c).

         Third, Porter’s “Points Relied On” fail to comply with Rule 84.04 (d)(1) because not a

single one gives notice to the opposing party or this court of the precise issues presented for

review. Hamilton v. Archer, 545 S.W.3d 377, 380 (Mo. App. E.D. 2018). It is improper for this

court “to speculate as to the point being raised by the appellant and the supporting legal

justification and circumstances.” Wallace v. Frazier, 546 S.W.3d 624, 628 (Mo. App. W.D.

2018).

         Finally, Porter’s brief violates Rule 84.04(e) because his arguments are so inadequate we

can only speculate as to what his claims are on appeal. See Wallace, 546 S.W.3d at 628 (finding

that an appellant’s brief must contain an argument section that discusses the point relied on, and

points that are not developed in the argument are deemed to be abandoned). His argument for

each point relied includes only a short paragraph that either provides an abstract statement of

law, a rendition of evidence presented, or a small caption of the transcript of the record. The



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substance of each of his arguments fails to demonstrate how principles of law and the facts of

this case interact. Scott v. Potter Elec. Signal Co., 310 S.W.3d 311, 312 (Mo. App. E.D. 2010).

Our court will not speculate as to the parameters of Porter’s arguments on appeal because doing

so would improperly cast the court in the role of his advocate. McGuire, 571 S.W.3d at 666.

“Mere conclusions and the failure to develop an argument with support from legal authority

preserve nothing for review.” Wallace, 546 S.W.3d at 628 (quoting Nicol, 491 S.W.3d at 271).

       Therefore, we exercise our discretion to dismiss Porter’s appeal because his failure to

follow the briefing guidelines impedes our ability to address the merits of his claims.

                                         CONCLUSION

       Porter’s appellate brief fails to substantially comply with the mandatory appellate

briefing standards of Rule 84.04 and preserves nothing for appellate review. Thus, his appeal is

dismissed.




                                                     ___________________________________
                                                     Lisa P. Page, Judge



Philip M. Hess, P.J. and Kurt S. Odenwald, J., concur.




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