     Case: 18-60795      Document: 00515324648         Page: 1    Date Filed: 02/27/2020




           IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
                                                                        United States Court of Appeals
                                                                                 Fifth Circuit

                                                                               FILED
                                    No. 18-60795                        February 27, 2020
                                  Summary Calendar
                                                                          Lyle W. Cayce
                                                                               Clerk
BERTA ISABEL LOPEZ-DIAZ; BRITANY MICHELE VELASQUEZ-LOPEZ,

                                                 Petitioners

v.

WILLIAM P. BARR, U. S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,

                                                 Respondent


                       Petition for Review of an Order of the
                          Board of Immigration Appeals
                               BIA No. A209 236 914
                               BIA No. A209 236 915


Before CLEMENT, ELROD, and OLDHAM, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM: *
       Berta Isabel Lopez-Diaz and her minor daughter, Britany Michele
Velasquez-Lopez, petition this court for review of a decision of the Board of
Immigration Appeals (BIA) dismissing their appeal of the denial of their
applications for asylum and withholding of removal. Lopez-Diaz argues that
the immigration judge (IJ) did not analyze each of her proposed alternative



       * Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH
CIR. R. 47.5.4.
    Case: 18-60795       Document: 00515324648   Page: 2   Date Filed: 02/27/2020


                                  No. 18-60795

particular social groups or clarify which groups he considered. She further
asserts that the BIA should have remanded the case to the IJ for consideration
of her alternative particular social groups as required by Matter of W-Y-C &
H-O-B, 27 I. & N. Dec. 189 (BIA 2018).
      On petition for review of an agency decision, this court reviews factual
findings under the substantial evidence standard and questions of law de novo.
Lopez-Gomez v. Ashcroft, 263 F.3d 442, 444 (5th Cir. 2001). Findings of fact
are reviewed for substantial evidence, meaning that “this court may not
overturn the BIA’s factual findings unless the evidence compels a contrary
conclusion.” Gomez-Palacios v. Holder, 560 F.3d 354, 358 (5th Cir. 2009).
      The Secretary of Homeland Security and the Attorney General have
discretion to grant asylum to refugees. 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1); Orellana-Monson
v. Holder, 685 F.3d 511, 518 (5th Cir. 2012). To be eligible for asylum as a
refugee, the applicant must show “that she was persecuted in the past on
account of one of the five statutory grounds or that she has a well-founded fear
of being persecuted in the future because of one of those grounds.” Cabrera v.
Sessions, 890 F.3d 153, 159 (5th Cir. 2018); see 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b)(1)-(2).
The “on account of language” contained in 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42)(A) “requires
the alien to prove some nexus between the persecution and the five protected
grounds.” Ontunez-Tursios v. Ashcroft, 303 F.3d 341, 349 (5th Cir. 2002). The
statutorily protected ground must be “at least one central reason” for the harm.
Sharma v. Holder, 729 F.3d 407, 411 (5th Cir. 2013) (internal quotation marks
and citation omitted).
      Contrary to Lopez-Diaz’s argument, Matter of W-Y-C & H-O-B does not
require the BIA to remand this case for consideration of her alternative
proposed particular social groups. In that case, the respondent conceded the
social group she raised before the IJ was not valid and raised a new social



                                        2
    Case: 18-60795    Document: 00515324648     Page: 3   Date Filed: 02/27/2020


                                 No. 18-60795

group for the first time on appeal to the BIA. Matter of W-Y-C & H-O-B, 27 I
& N Dec. at 189-90. Because the IJ did not have an opportunity to make the
necessary underlying findings of fact, the BIA determined that it could not
consider the social group in the first instance on appeal. Id. at 191-92. In this
case, the BIA determined Lopez-Diaz did not establish a nexus between her
alternative particular social groups and the persecution. Because she did not
make such a showing, she would not have been eligible for asylum even if she
had established membership in one or all of the alternative particular social
groups. See Cabrera, 890 F.3d at 159. Therefore, the BIA was not required to
reach her argument that the IJ did not analyze each of her alternative
particular social    groups.    Substantial evidence supports        the   BIA’s
determination that Lopez-Diaz was the victim of criminal activity by gang
members who were acting out of their own personal motives, rather than
persecuting her on account of her membership in a particular social group.
Conduct driven by purely personal or criminal motives does not constitute
persecution on account of a protected ground. See Ramirez-Mejia v. Lynch, 794
F.3d 485, 492-93 (5th Cir. 2015); Thuri v. Ashcroft, 380 F.3d 788, 792-93 (5th
Cir. 2004). Accordingly, Lopez-Diaz has not satisfied her burden of showing
that the record compels the conclusion that she is eligible for asylum or
withholding of removal. See Dayo v. Holder, 687 F.3d 653, 658-59 (5th Cir.
2012); Gomez-Palacios, 560 F.3d at 358.
      PETITION DENIED.




                                       3
