J-S70045-15


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: A.L.A.-A., A                  IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
MINOR                                                   PENNSYLVANIA



APPEAL OF: J.A., FATHER

                                                     No. 1114 EDA 2015


                 Appeal from the Order Entered March 17, 2015
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
                 Family Court at No(s): CP-51-AP-0000731-2013
                             FID: 51-FN-3413-2011


                                          *****

IN THE INTEREST OF: A.J.A., A MINOR               IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                        PENNSYLVANIA



APPEAL OF: J.A., FATHER

                                                     No. 1115 EDA 2015


                 Appeal from the Order Entered March 17, 2015
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
                 Family Court at No(s): CP-51-AP-0000732-2013
                             FID: 51-FN-3413-2011


BEFORE: DONOHUE, J., LAZARUS, J., and PLATT, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.:                        FILED NOVEMBER 06, 2015




____________________________________________


*
    Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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       J.A. (Father) appeals from the order of the Court of Common Pleas of

Philadelphia County that involuntarily terminated his parental rights as to his

children, A.L.A.-A. (born April 2002) and A.J.A. (born September 2003).1

After careful review, we affirm.

       The trial court stated the facts of this matter as follows:

       On April 10, 2012, [the Department of Human Services of
       Philadelphia County (“DHS”)] received a General Protective
       Services (“GPS”) report alleging that on April 6, 2012, J.S.
       (father of children’s one other sibling) evicted [the children and
       Mother] from his home. The GPS report also alleged that Mother
       failed to retrieve children from school at the end of the day on
       April 10, 2012, because she had been detained by police
       regarding an altercation between Mother and J.S., which resulted
       in Mother cutting J.S. with a knife and Mother throwing a brick
       through J.S.’s home and car windows. [A.L.A.-A.] witnessed this
       altercation. The GPS report also alleged that the children were
       in a deplorable living situation, exposed to extensive domestic
       violence, were not properly being cared for, and Mother and J.S.
       were using drugs. The GPS report was substantiated. DHS . . .
       placed the children in foster care. . . . Father’s whereabouts
       were unknown until mid-late 2012.

       On May 14, 2012, an initial Family Service Plan (“FSP”) was
       developed for Mother and Father. Father’s objective was to
       make his whereabouts known to DHS. There was no contact
       from Father until mid-late 2012 when Father made his
       whereabouts known to DHS, and at that time FSP and Individual
       Service Plan (“ISP”) objectives were established for Father. The
       objectives established for Father were to maintain contact with
       DHS and the agency; to maintain contact with children through
       regularly attended visits; to attend FSP and ISP meetings in
       order to understand the nature of the case and what goals were
       expected; to present to the Clinical Evaluation Unit (“CEU”) and
       Behavioral Health Services (“BHS”) due to domestic violence and
____________________________________________


1
  Mother’s parental rights were terminated involuntarily on September 19,
2014. She is not a party to this appeal.



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J-S70045-15


       possible drug use; and to maintain suitable housing. These
       objectives remained the same through the life of this case and
       Father was aware of his objectives because he was notified in
       both English and Spanish, he was provided an interpreter during
       meetings, and he was entirely compliant for several weeks after
       the objectives were initially established. In early 2013, Father
       stopped maintaining contact with DHS and Father was found
       non-compliant with his FSP objectives on January 15, 2013[,]
       and again on April 2, 2013. Father failed to engage in a
       parenting class or complete drug and alcohol or mental health
       counseling.    Additionally, although weekly visits were made
       available to him, Father only participated in a total of four visits
       in 2012. Father also had one visit with children in 2013, but
       stopped coming to visits. Father did not attend any visits or
       meetings again until an ISP meeting on February 18, 2015, at
       which time he did not provide any documentation as to why he
       was non-complaint with his ISP or FSP objectives. Due to Father
       not visiting, [A.J.A.] was affected tremendously. Even the
       therapist attempted to reach out to Father, but to no avail.
       During a February 18, 2015 ISP meeting, Father purposefully
       avoided any contact with [A.J.A.,] who was in the same room as
       Father. There was no exchange between Father and [A.J.A.] on
       that day. As to [A.L.A.-A.], Father denies paternity and refuses
       to sign for her medical treatment.[2] Father has been given the
       opportunity to sign [a form to] voluntarily relinquish his parental
       rights, but refuses, and also refuses to comply with an order for
       a paternity test. Throughout the time Father has appeared he
       always has been provided with a Spanish interpreter. At no time
       did Father indicate he was confused or did not understand what
       he was supposed to do in order to achieve his goals.

Trial Court Opinion, 7/17/15, at 1-3.




____________________________________________


2
   A.L.A.-A. has severe mental health problems that have required
involuntary hospitalization. Because Father will not authorize A.L.A.-A.’s
treatment, it has been necessary to obtain a court order to get her the
treatment she requires.




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J-S70045-15



        DHS filed a petition to involuntarily terminate Father’s parental rights

on December 30, 2013, pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. §§ 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8) 3

____________________________________________


3
    Section 2511(a) provides, in relevant part:

        (a) General rule.-- The rights of a parent in regard to a child
        may be terminated after a petition is filed on any of the following
        grounds:

        (1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of at least six
        months immediately preceding the filing of the petition either
        has evidenced a settled purpose of relinquishing parental claim
        to a child or has refused or failed to perform parental duties;

        (2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect or
        refusal of the parent has caused the child to be without essential
        parental care, control or subsistence necessary for his physical
        or mental well-being and the conditions and causes of the
        incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or will not be
        remedied by the parent;

                                           ...

        (5) The child has been removed from the care of the parent by
        the court or under a voluntary agreement with an agency for a
        period of at least six months, the conditions which led to the
        removal or placement of the child continue to exist, the parent
        cannot or will not remedy those conditions within a reasonable
        period of time, the services or assistance reasonably available to
        the parent are not likely to remedy the conditions which led to
        the removal or placement of the child within a reasonable period
        of time and termination of the parental rights would best serve
        the needs and welfare of the child.

                                           ...

        (8) The child has been removed from the care of the parent by
        the court or under voluntary agreement with an agency, twelve
        months or more have elapsed from the date of the removal or
        placement, the conditions which led to the removal or placement
(Footnote Continued Next Page)


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J-S70045-15



and (b)4 of the Adoption Act.5 Father’s parental rights were terminated on

March 17, 2015. This timely appeal followed.6

        Father raises the following issues for our review:

        1. Whether the evidence was sufficient to establish [Father] had
           evidenced a settled purpose of relinquishing parental claim, or
           having refused or failed to perform parental duties.

        2. Whether the evidence was sufficient to establish that [Father]
           had refused or failed to perform parental duties, caused
           children to be without essential parental care, that conditions
           having led to placement had continued to exist, or finally that
           any of above could not have been remedied.

Brief for Appellant, at 5.

        It is well established that:

        In a proceeding to terminate parental rights involuntarily, the
        burden of proof is on the party seeking termination to establish
        by clear and convincing evidence the existence of grounds for
        doing so. The standard of clear and convincing evidence is
        defined as testimony that is so “clear, direct, weighty and
                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

        of the child continue to exist and termination of the parental
        rights would best serve the needs and welfare of the child.

23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a).
4
  Section 2511(b) provides in relevant part: “The court in terminating the
rights of a parent shall give primary consideration to the developmental,
physical and emotional needs and welfare of the child.” 23 Pa.C.S. §
2511(b).
5
    23 Pa.C.S. §§ 2101-2938.
6
  We note that though a timely notice of appeal was filed, the trial court
provided the certified record well beyond its due date. Additionally, Father
and DHS each requested and received extensions to file their briefs. As a
result, this matter’s panel listing has been delayed for multiple months.



                                            -5-
J-S70045-15


      convincing as to enable the trier of fact to come to a clear
      conviction, without hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts in
      issue.” It is well established that a court must examine the
      individual circumstances of each and every case and consider all
      explanations offered by the parent to determine if the evidence
      in light of the totality of the circumstances clearly warrants
      termination.

In re Adoption of S.M., 816 A.2d 1117, 1122 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citation

omitted). See also In re C.P., 901 A.2d 516, 520 (Pa. Super. 2006) (party

seeking termination of parental rights bears burden of proving by clear and

convincing evidence that at least one of eight grounds for termination under

23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a) exists and that termination promotes emotional needs

and welfare of child as set forth in 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(b)).

      We review a trial court’s decision to involuntarily terminate parental

rights for an abuse of discretion or error of law. In re A.R., 837 A.2d 560,

563 (Pa. Super. 2003).       Our scope of review is limited to determining

whether the trial court’s order or decree is supported by competent

evidence. Id.

      In his first issue, Father asserts that the evidence was insufficient to

terminate his parental rights pursuant to section 2511(a)(1).        Under this

section, parental rights may be terminated based upon relinquishment or

failure to perform parental duties in the six months prior to the filing of the

termination petition. However,

      [a]lthough it is the six months immediately preceding the filing
      of the petition that is most critical to the analysis, the court must
      consider the whole history of a given case and not mechanically
      apply the six-month statutory provision.            The court must
      examine the individual circumstances of each case and consider


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J-S70045-15


        all explanations offered by the parent facing termination of his
        parental rights, to determine if the evidence, in light of the
        totality of the circumstances, clearly warrants the involuntary
        termination.

In re K.Z.S., 946 A.2d 753, 758 (Pa. Super. 2008) (citations and quotation

marks omitted).

        Father asserts that he loves A.J.A. and wishes “to remain as a

significant part of [A.J.A.’s] life.7 Any failure to visit, . . . may be inferenced

to communication problems.” Brief for Appellant, at 11. Father argues that

since he saw A.J.A. once in the six months preceding the filing of the

termination petition, he did not demonstrate an intent to relinquish his

parental rights or fail to perform his parental duties.

        The record reveals that once Father’s whereabouts became known and

he initially met with DHS, the entirety of his efforts to be reunited with

Children consisted of four visits in 2012, one visit in 2013, and attendance at

one ISP meeting in February 2015.8               Aside from the sole visit in 2013,

Father assumed no parental duties in the six months preceding the filing of

the termination petition. Prior to that period, Father visited Children a few

times but stopped consistently meeting with DHS and Children nearly a year
____________________________________________


7
    Father makes no argument that he wishes to be involved in A.L.A.-A.’s life.
8
  At the February 2015 ISP meeting, Father had an opportunity to interact
with A.J.A. but avoided doing so. At the termination hearing, Father stated
that this was because “I was not under the knowledge that I was to see
[A.J.A.] . . . [A] year had passed since I had seen him, and I have gained
weight, so possibly, he didn’t even recognize me.”        N.T. Termination
Hearing, 3/17/15, at 57.



                                           -7-
J-S70045-15



prior to the filing of the petition. He provided no monetary support, food, or

clothing, and he failed to engage in a parenting class or to complete drug

and alcohol or mental health counseling. Though Father may not have the

intent to relinquish his parental rights, he has almost completely failed to

perform any parenting duties over the past three years.

      Father provides no reasons for his failure to parent his children other

than that he had difficulty in maintaining the visitation schedule because of

his limited ability to communicate in English. We note that “the court must

consider the barriers faced by parents to exercising their parental rights.

[However, t]he parent must exhibit reasonable firmness in attempting to

overcome the barriers or obstructive behavior of others.” In re K.C.W., 689

A.2d 294, 299 (Pa. Super. 1997).        A limited ability to communicate in

English is a potential barrier parents face in exercising their rights. See In

re P.S.S.C., 32 A.3d 1281, 1286 (Pa. Super. 2011) (for Spanish-speaking

father without an interpreter, services ordinarily considered to be reasonably

available were “simply not ‘available’ in light of the language barrier”).

Here, however, Father was provided with a Spanish interpreter at DHS

meetings and in court.      Nothing in the record reflects his failure to

understand or indicates that he asked for clarification.   Thus, we find that

Father did not demonstrate “reasonable firmness” in attempting to overcome

this alleged barrier to exercising his parental rights. K.C.W., supra.

      Father also asserts that the evidence was insufficient under section

2511(a)(2) to show that he caused Children to be without essential parental

                                    -8-
J-S70045-15



care, that the conditions that led to placement continue to exist, or that

these issues cannot be remedied.      These claims are belied by the record.

Children had been in foster care for 35 months at the time of the termination

hearing, and during that time, Father provided no care to Children other

than attending a handful of visits. Father actively failed to provide parental

care by refusing to authorize necessary mental health treatment for A.L.A.-

A.   Father has been absent for much of Children’s lives; had he been

present, Children may have been able to be placed with him when they were

removed from Mother’s care.       Father continues to be absent by failing to

visit.    Thus, the conditions leading to Children’s foster care placement

continue to exist.

         Father’s lack of compliance with DHS’ objectives and failure to have

any significant involvement with Children over the period of time they have

been in foster care indicates not only a failure to perform parental duties and

provide for Children, but also an inability to remedy the situation.      See

K.Z.S., supra at 758 (“parents are required to make diligent efforts toward

the reasonably prompt assumption of full parental responsibilities.          A

parent’s vow to cooperate, after a long period of uncooperativeness[,] . . .

may properly be rejected as untimely or disingenuous”); see also

Commonwealth v. Arnold, 665 A.2d 836, 840 (Pa. Super. 1995)

(termination of parental rights appropriate where mother was continually

unable to improve financial and residential condition, was uncooperative with

DHS attempts to assist her, and failed to visit child consistently.)

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J-S70045-15



Accordingly, the trial court properly terminated Father’s parental rights

under sections 2511(a)(1), (a)(2),9 and (b).10

       Order affirmed.




____________________________________________


9
  We need only agree with trial court’s decision as to any one subsection
under section 2511(a) in order to affirm termination of parental rights. In
the Interest of B.C., 36 A.3d 601, 606 (Pa. Super. 2012).
10
   Though Father did not raise a claim under section 2511(b), we note that it
is in Children’s best interest that Father’s parental rights be terminated. In
making this determination, “intangibles such as love, comfort, security, and
stability are involved[.] . . . [T]he trial court should consider the importance
of continuity of relationships and whether any existing parent-child bond can
be severed without detrimental effects on the child.” In re K.M., 53 A.3d
781, 791 (Pa. Super. 2012). Here, what little contact Father has had with
Children has been inconsistent and has not supported a strong bond
between Father and Children. Father admitted as much when he indicated
that perhaps A.J.A. could not recognize Father when they had not seen each
other for over a year. Father apparently wants no relationship with A.L.A.-A,
as indicated by his denial of paternity and failure to appropriately address
her mental health needs. Additionally, A.J.A. has a strong bond with his pre-
adoptive foster mother, and they share a parent-child relationship. The
foster mother would consider adopting A.L.A.-A. if her mental health
stabilizes. Terminating Father’s parental rights regarding A.L.A.-A. would
facilitate such stabilization. Likewise, terminating Father’s parental rights as
to A.J.A. would enable A.J.A. to gain permanence and stability. Thus, we
find that the relationship between Father and Children can be severed
without detrimental effects. K.M., supra.




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J-S70045-15


Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 11/6/2015




                          - 11 -
