                             STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

                           SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS



                                                                                  FILED
R.L.,
                                                                              January 20, 2017
Respondent Below, Petitioner                                                     RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK

                                                                               SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

vs) No. 16-0152 (Kanawha County 16-DV-72)                                          OF WEST VIRGINIA




P.H.,

Petitioner Below, Respondent



                              MEMORANDUM DECISION

        Petitioner P.H.,1 pro se, appeals the order of the Circuit Court of Kanawha County, entered
February 9, 2016, denying his appeal of a domestic violence protective order (“DVPO”) entered
by the Family Court of Kanawha County that subsequently expired on July 16, 2016. Respondent
P.H., by counsel Bruce Perrone, filed a response.

       The Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds that petitioner’s appeal has been rendered moot. For these reasons, a
memorandum decision dismissing the appeal is appropriate under Rule 21 of the Rules of
Appellate Procedure.

        The parties are a nephew and his aunt, who were both living in the house of petitioner’s
grandmother and respondent’s mother in Marmet, West Virginia. 2 On January 12, 2016,
respondent filed a domestic violence petition alleging that she was afraid of petitioner following an
altercation where “[petitioner] tried to keep me from leaving the house.” The Magistrate Court of
Kanawha County granted respondent an emergency protective order, which included awarding
respondent temporary possession of the Marmet residence. The magistrate court also set the final
       1
       Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W.Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); In re Jeffrey R.L., 190 W.Va. 24, 435 S.E.2d 162 (1993); State v.
Edward Charles L., 183 W.Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990).
       2
       Petitioner’s grandmother was living in a nursing home in the Commonwealth of
Kentucky.
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hearing before the Family Court of Kanawha County for January 20, 2016.

        At the January 20, 2016, final hearing, respondent testified that she was afraid of petitioner
and introduced a durable power of attorney executed by petitioner’s grandmother. The family
court found that the power of attorney gave respondent legal possession of the Marmet residence.
The family court granted respondent a DVPO for ninety days, or until April 19, 2016, and gave
petitioner thirty days to retrieve his belongings from the house (to be accompanied by law
enforcement). The family court ordered petitioner to otherwise refrain from being within 200 feet
of the Marmet residence and to refrain from contacting, harassing, or verbally abusing respondent.
Petitioner filed an appeal of the DVPO on February 8, 2016 in the Circuit Court of Kanawha
County, which denied his appeal by an order entered February 9, 2016.3

        Petitioner filed an appeal of the circuit court’s February 9, 2016, order on February 17,
2016, and this Court entered a scheduling order on March 9, 2016, pursuant to which the parties
have filed their briefs. Subsequent to the entry of the March 9, 2016, scheduling order, the DVPO
expired by its own terms on July 19, 2016, following one ninety-day extension that was granted by
the family court on March 31, 2016.

        On appeal, petitioner raises various issues challenging respondent’s handling of his
grandmother’s finances and property. Respondent counters that those issues cannot be adjudicated
in the instant case in which the only cognizable issue is whether she was entitled to the DVPO.
Respondent further argues that the DVPO’s expiration on July 19, 2016, has rendered petitioner’s
appeal moot.

        We agree with respondent and find that petitioner’s appeal has been rendered moot.
“‘Moot questions or abstract propositions, the decision of which would avail nothing in the
determination of controverted rights of persons or of property, are not properly cognizable by a
court.’ Syl. pt. 1, State ex rel. Lilly v. Carter, 63 W.Va. 684, 60 S.E. 873 (1908).” Syl. Pt. 1, State
ex rel. McCabe v. Seifert, 220 W.Va. 79, 640 S.E.2d 142 (2006).

       Even though a case is moot, issues raised upon appeal may still be adjudicated in some
instances:

               Three factors to be considered in deciding whether to address
               technically moot issues are as follows: first, the court will determine
               whether sufficient collateral consequences will result from
               determination of the questions presented so as to justify relief;
               second, while technically moot in the immediate context, questions
               of great public interest may nevertheless be addressed for the future
               guidance of the bar and of the public; and third, issues which may be

       3
         In denying petitioner’s appeal of the DVPO, the circuit court found that the appeal was
untimely filed. See W.Va. Code § 48-27-510(b) (providing that an aggrieved person “may file a
petition for appeal with the circuit court within ten days of the entry of the [DVPO] by the family
court”).
                                                  2
               repeatedly presented to the trial court, yet escape review at the
               appellate level because of their fleeting and determinate nature, may
               appropriately be decided.

Syl. Pt. 1, Israel by Israel v. Secondary Schools Activities Commission, 182 W.Va. 454, 388
S.E.2d 480 (1989). Considering the third factor first, the DVPO in the instant case, like most other
DVPO’s, was of short duration. Such cases are capable of being repeatedly presented to the lower
courts, yet escape review at the appellate level because of their fleeting and determinate nature.

        However, we find that this case fails to meet the first two factors set forth in Israel for
petitioner’s appeal to go forward despite the case being moot. First, petitioner does not allege that
he is being adversely affected by any collateral consequence of the DVPO’s entry; instead, as
respondent correctly points out, petitioner raises issues in his appeal that are not cognizable in a
domestic violence proceeding. Second, although this case is understandably important to
petitioner, and to respondent as well, it presents no question of great public interest that must be
decided for the guidance of the bar and the public. Therefore, we dismiss as moot petitioner’s
appeal from the circuit court’s February 9, 2016, order denying his appeal of the now expired
DVPO.

                                                                               Dismissed as Moot.


ISSUED: January 20, 2017

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Allen H. Loughry II
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker




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