                         This opinion will be unpublished and
                         may not be cited except as provided by
                         Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

                               STATE OF MINNESOTA
                               IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                     A14-0775

                                  Kennedy N. Mogere,
                                       Relator,

                                            vs.

                     Minnesota Masonic Home Northridge (Corp.),
                                   Respondent,

                Department of Employment and Economic Development,
                                    Respondent.

                                  Filed March 23, 2015
                                        Affirmed
                                      Reilly, Judge

                Department of Employment and Economic Development
                                File No. 31894293-3

Michael D. Gavigan, Wilson Law Group, Minneapolis, Minnesota (for relator)

Minnesota Masonic Home Northridge (Corp.), New Hope, Minnesota (respondent)

Lee B. Nelson, Craig M. Gustafson, Department of Employment and Economic
Development, St. Paul, Minnesota (for respondent Department of Employment and
Economic Development)

      Considered and decided by Ross, Presiding Judge; Kirk, Judge; and Reilly, Judge.

                        UNPUBLISHED OPINION

REILLY, Judge

      Relator Kennedy Mogere challenges the decision of the unemployment-law judge

(ULJ) that he is ineligible for unemployment benefits, arguing that the ULJ failed to fully
develop the record. Because the ULJ fully developed the record and sufficient evidence

exists to support the decision, we affirm.

                                             FACTS

       Respondent Minnesota Masonic Home Northridge (MMHN) employed Mogere

as a registered nurse from January 2011 until November 2013. Mogere worked

approximately 32 hours a week, and he regularly picked up extra shifts. In November

2013, Mogere gave notice of his intent to quit and quit two weeks later. Mogere

subsequently applied for unemployment benefits.

       In December 2013, respondent Minnesota Department of Employment and

Economic Development (DEED) determined that Mogere was ineligible for

unemployment benefits.      Mogere appealed this determination, and a ULJ held an

evidentiary hearing on January 16, 2014. Pattie LaRue, the human resources director,

Beverly Ransford, the director of nursing, Kimberly Pederson, an administrator, and

Elizabeth Nesbitt, a nurse manager, appeared for MMHN at the evidentiary hearing.

Mogere appeared pro se and did not present any witnesses. The witnesses testified to the

following events.

       On September 26, 2013, Mogere witnessed his supervisor, S.D., acting

inappropriately, and he felt obligated to report it. Mogere sent an e-mail about S.D.’s

behavior to Nesbitt, LaRue, Pederson, and Ransford. The day after Mogere sent the e-

mail, Pederson replied, thanked Mogere for the report, and informed him that she was

going to address the issue. Although Ransford had supervisory authority over S.D., both

Ransford and S.D. were on vacation when Mogere sent the e-mail. When Ransford


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returned from vacation, she was informed of the situation with S.D. and of the subsequent

disciplinary action imposed.

       On October 22, Mogere met with Nesbitt regarding an e-mail sent to Nesbitt by a

coworker on October 17, 2013. The e-mail alleged that Mogere was completing personal

tasks while at work. Prior to meeting with Mogere, Nesbitt spoke with the coworker

about the allegations in the e-mail.     The coworker conveyed that she was feeling

“frustrated” with Mogere’s behavior because he was completing personal tasks while at

work instead of helping his coworkers.

       At this meeting, Mogere received a written warning prohibiting him from picking

up additional shifts for two pay periods due to job performance issues. The warning

stated that Mogere’s work performance was unsatisfactory because he was doing

homework, making personal calls, printing personal materials, and selling vegetables

while at work. In addition, the warning cited Mogere for missing shifts. During the

weekend of October 12-13, 2013, Mogere was scheduled to work two shifts, and he later

picked up an additional shift for the weekend. On the morning of October 12, Mogere

called in sick with a headache. Mogere also called in sick with headaches for his other

two shifts and missed all three of his shifts. Mogere claimed that the information in the

coworker’s e-mail was not true and testified that Nesbitt refused to investigate the

allegations in the e-mail.

       On October 22, Mogere sent an e-mail to LaRue, Nesbitt, Ransford, and Pederson

describing the meeting with Nesbitt, denying the coworker’s allegations, and stating that

he felt that he was being retaliated against. On October 25, Ransford, LaRue, and


                                           3
Pederson met with Mogere to discuss the concerns in his October 22 e-mail. During this

meeting, Ransford told Mogere that he could transfer to a different unit if he had

concerns about his safety or working under Nesbitt’s supervision. Mogere declined the

transfer.   Mogere was also informed that management would conduct further

investigation into the coworker’s allegations.

       On November 11, management informed Mogere that the investigation was over

and that the written warning would stand. In the course of the investigation, management

interviewed four staff members, and three of the four interviewees confirmed that they

saw Mogere perform personal duties while at work. One coworker could not confirm or

deny the allegations because she did not work the same shift as Mogere. The interviewed

employees signed summaries of their interviews, and these statements were notarized.

MMHN submitted these statements as evidence. Mogere testified that MMHN forced

some witnesses to sign the statements against their will.

       The ULJ suspended the hearing due to time limitations, and rescheduled it for

January 21. Mogere stated that he hoped that the employees he mentioned would not be

retaliated against. The ULJ informed Mogere that she had no control over that and that if

it was “necessary [she] may call those employees--when we have the hearing.” The ULJ

also asked LaRue if it would be possible to have any of the employees who signed

statements available to testify. LaRue told the ULJ that she would ask the employees if

they could participate. Mogere then asked if he could have a coworker, P.C., testify. The

ULJ agreed to have P.C. as a witness. Mogere also requested to submit two more

documents into evidence, which were received.


                                             4
       At the start of the continued hearing, the ULJ asked Mogere if he was having

anyone testify as a witness. Mogere responded that his witness was unable to testify

during the slotted time but could testify in the future. The ULJ informed Mogere that he

had “the right to request that the hearing be rescheduled so that relevant documents or

witnesses may be subpoenaed.”

       The ULJ then asked Mogere about the allegations in the October 17 e-mail.

Mogere claimed that he did grow vegetables but that he did not sell them; rather, he gave

them away and would leave work only during his breaks. Mogere also denied receiving

personal calls at work except for the occasional call from his wife.

       Ransford testified that the decision to restrict Mogere’s extra shifts was partly due

to the allegations that he was completing personal tasks during work hours and partly due

to missing three shifts the weekend of October 12. Ransford also testified that Mogere

called in sick for consecutive shifts during weekends in April, June, and September.

       On January 22, 2014, the ULJ issued a decision, finding that Mogere quit due to

disciplinary measures imposed by MMHN. Additionally, the ULJ found that “Mogere

quit because he believed that he had been retaliated against and that management was

creating a hostile work environment against him by getting his coworkers to make false

statements against him.” The ULJ explained that she found the testimony of MMHN’s

witnesses more credible than Mogere’s testimony. Finally, the ULJ determined that

Mogere did not quit because of a good reason caused by MMHN, and therefore he did

not qualify for benefits under the exception provided in Minn. Stat. § 268.095, subd. 1(1)




                                             5
(2014). Mogere requested reconsideration, and the ULJ issued an order on March 28,

2014, affirming her decision. This certiorari appeal follows.

                                     DECISION

       Mogere argues that the ULJ erred by determining that he is ineligible for

unemployment benefits because he voluntarily quit without a good reason caused by his

employer. This court reviews a ULJ’s decision denying benefits to determine, among

other things, whether the findings, inferences, conclusions, or decision are affected by an

error of law, are unsupported by substantial evidence in view of the entire record, or are

arbitrary or capricious. Minn. Stat. § 268.105, subd. 7(d) (2014).

                                             I.

       The majority of Mogere’s argument on appeal arises from his contention that the

ULJ’s failure to develop the record rendered her decision erroneous. A ULJ “must

exercise control over the hearing procedure in a manner that protects the parties’ rights to

a fair hearing.” Minn. R. 3310.2921 (2013). A hearing is generally considered fair if

both parties are afforded the opportunity to give statements, examine and cross-examine

witnesses, and offer and object to exhibits. See Ywswf v. Teleplan Wireless Servs., Inc.,

726 N.W.2d 525, 529-30 (Minn. App. 2007). A ULJ should assist unrepresented parties

in the presentation of evidence and ensure that all relevant facts are clearly and fully

developed. Minn. R. 3310.2921.

       First, Mogere claims that the notarized statements of the MMHN employees are

impermissible evidence under Minn. Stat. § 268.105, subd. 1(b) (2012), because they

were not signed under penalty of perjury. The legislature has delegated discretion to


                                             6
DEED to develop evidentiary rules, and the rules “need not conform to common law or

statutory rules of evidence and other technical rules of procedure.”         Minn. Stat.

§ 268.105, subd. 1(b). Under the rules DEED has adopted, Minnesota Rule 3310.2922

(2013), allows a ULJ to consider “any evidence that possesses probative value, including

hearsay, if it is the type of evidence on which reasonable, prudent persons are accustomed

to rely.”

       Here, the notarized statements possess probative value and are the type of

evidence on which a reasonable person relies. Mogere did not object to the admission of

the statements. Accordingly, the notarized statements are permissible evidence, and the

ULJ did not err in considering these statements when making her decision.

       Mogere next claims that the ULJ erred when she failed to allow Mogere an

opportunity to confront the witnesses who signed the statements. Because Mogere did

not make a request to subpoena witnesses, his argument, in essence, challenges the ULJ’s

decision to not sua sponte subpoena witnesses. See Minn. R. 3310.2914, subp. 1 (Supp.

2014) (“The unemployment law judge may issue a subpoena even if a party has not

requested one.”). On appeal, this court applies an abuse-of-discretion standard to a

relator’s contention that the ULJ erred by denying a subpoena request. Icenhower v.

Total Auto. Inc., 845 N.W.2d 849, 853-54 (Minn. App. 2014), review denied (Minn.

July 15, 2014).

       In arguing that his inability to cross-examine statement witnesses constituted a

denial of the right to present material evidence, Mogere relies on Thompson v. Cnty. of

Hennepin, 660 N.W.2d 157 (Minn. App. 2003), and Ntamere v. Decisionone Corp., 673


                                            7
N.W.2d 179 (Minn. App. 2003). These cases are not applicable because the relator in

both cases requested that subpoenas be issued to secure the testimony of witnesses, and

the subpoenas were not complied with. See Ntamere, 673 N.W.2d at 180; Thompson,

660 N.W.2d at 159. Mogere, however, did not request that the ULJ issue subpoenas, nor

did he ask the ULJ to continue the hearing so that he could call witnesses.

       Even if Mogere had made a request to subpoena witnesses, their testimony would

have been immaterial as additional witness testimony was not necessary because the ULJ

sufficiently developed the record. The ULJ found that “[i]t is not likely that three

employees would make false allegations against Mogere, or that management would

coerce three employees to make such false statements. It is much more likely that the

employees’ complaints were true, and that Mogere did use company time for personal

tasks.” The ULJ afforded each party an opportunity to cross-examine witnesses and offer

additional facts at the end of testimony. 1 The ULJ also assisted Mogere in questioning

the MMHN witnesses and developing his arguments by framing his inquiries and

instructing witnesses to answer some questions despite their apparently tangential

relevance. The ULJ asked Mogere to explain why he believed he was the victim of

retaliation. Both parties gave closing statements, during which Mogere alleged for the

first time that he was discriminated against because of his race. The ULJ then questioned

Mogere about his race allegations.

1
  The ULJ also received ten exhibits into evidence during the evidentiary hearing,
including two discipline warnings, an attendance log, the coworker’s e-mail, Mogere’s e-
mails, notes from the meetings with Mogere, notarized statements from four employees,
Mogere’s resignation letter, Mogere’s e-mail reporting S.D.’s misconduct, and the e-
mails thanking Mogere for his report.

                                             8
       In sum, the ULJ fully developed the record by asking Mogere questions about the

circumstances leading to his employment separation and assisted him in cross-examining

MMHN’s witnesses. The ULJ did not abuse her discretion when she did not sua sponte

issue subpoenas because additional witness testimony would have been immaterial.

                                             II.

       Mogere argues that he quit for a good reason caused by MMHN. A quit from

employment disqualifies an applicant from receiving unemployment benefits unless one

of ten statutory exceptions applies. Minn. Stat. § 268.095, subd. 1 (2014). One exception

is when the applicant quit for “a good reason caused by the employer.” Id., subd. 1(1). A

good reason caused by the employer is one “(1) that is directly related to the employment

and for which the employer is responsible; (2) that is adverse to the worker; and (3) that

would compel an average, reasonable worker to quit and become unemployed rather than

remaining in the employment.” Id., subd. 3(a) (2014). This analysis must be applied to

the specific facts of each case. Id., subd. 3(b) (2014).

       This court views the “ULJ’s factual findings in the light most favorable to the

decision, giving deference to the credibility determinations made by the ULJ. In doing

so, we will not disturb the ULJ’s factual findings when the evidence substantially sustains

them.” Skarhus v. Davanni’s Inc., 721 N.W.2d 340, 344 (Minn. App. 2006) (citations

omitted). The reason why an individual quits employment is a fact question for the ULJ

to determine. See Beyer v. Heavy Duty Air, Inc., 393 N.W.2d 380, 382 (Minn. App.

1986) (reviewing determination of the reason the employee quit as a factual question).




                                              9
       Mogere contends that the record “does not contain sufficient or substantial

evidence to support” the ULJ’s findings as to why Mogere quit. The ULJ determined that

Mogere quit because he “may have disagreed with the severity of the discipline issued to

him on October 22.” The ULJ also concluded that Mogere’s claim that his discipline was

given in retaliation was “unfounded,” and that his “insistence that his coworkers were

coerced to write false statements against him is also not supported by the evidence.”

Instead, the ULJ found that Mogere’s warning was issued for attendance issues and

Mogere’s completion of personal tasks during work.

       Mogere challenges the use of his attendance record as a basis for his discipline.

The record reveals that Mogere’s attendance issues were partially responsible for his

discipline:

              ULJ: Was the decision to take Mr. Mogere off the extra
              shifts made because of his calling in that weekend or was it
              because of the other information that was provided to you that
              he was doing personal chores during work hours.
              RANSFORD: Both, both Your Honor.

Mogere also confirmed that the discipline was partly imposed for calling in on a weekend

that he was scheduled to work three shifts.       Moreover, four months prior to the

imposition of discipline, Mogere took part in a formal discussion concerning his

“excessive absenteeism” and was warned that failure to meet future expectations would

result in further disciplinary action.

       Next, Mogere asserts that his discipline was based in part on retaliatory or

discriminatory motives.      The crux of this argument attacks the ULJ’s credibility

determinations. “Credibility determinations are the exclusive province of the ULJ and


                                           10
will not be disturbed on appeal.” Skarhus, 721 N.W.2d at 345. The ULJ found MMHN’s

witness testimony to be more credible than Mogere’s testimony, and the witness

testimony “was corroborated by notarized statements from several employees.” See

Minn. Stat. § 268.105, subd. 1a(a) (2014) (“When the credibility of a witness testifying in

a hearing has a significant effect on the outcome of a decision, the unemployment law

judge must set out the reason for crediting or discrediting that testimony.”).

       Mogere claims that the lack of prior complaints against him supports a finding that

the discipline was retaliatory and discriminatory. The ULJ, however, found that MMHN

took appropriate measures to address Mogere’s concerns and that Mogere “unreasonably”

believed that a conspiracy against him existed. Moreover, MMHN investigated the

allegations made by Mogere and concluded that they were “unsubstantiated.” The record

supports the ULJ’s conclusion that Mogere’s discipline was not imposed for retaliatory or

discriminatory reasons.

       Whether an employee’s reason for quitting qualifies as a good reason to quit

caused by the employer is a legal question, which this court reviews de novo. Rootes v.

Wal-Mart Assocs., Inc., 669 N.W.2d 416, 418 (Minn. App. 2003). Substantial evidence

must support the legal conclusion that an employee quits for a good reason. See Nichols

v. Reliant Eng’g & Mfg., Inc., 720 N.W.2d 590, 594 (Minn. App. 2006). Generally, the

circumstances causing an employee to quit with good cause “must be real, not imaginary,

substantial not trifling, and reasonable, not whimsical.” Rowan v. Dream It, Inc., 812

N.W.2d 879, 884 (Minn. App. 2012).




                                             11
       Mogere does not challenge the ULJ’s legal conclusion that the discipline imposed

is not a reason that would cause an average, reasonable worker to quit. Rather, he

primarily challenges the reasons underlying the discipline as inadequate and not

reasonable. The ULJ concluded that the discipline imposed on Mogere—a two-pay-

period ban on picking up extra shifts—would not cause “an average, reasonable worker

in those circumstances to choose the uncertainties of unemployment over a steady

paycheck.” We agree.

       “The correct standard for determining whether relator’s concerns were reasonable

is the standard of reasonableness as applied to the average man or woman, and not to the

supersensitive.” Nichols, 720 N.W.2d at 597 (quotation omitted). Although Mogere

claimed he was being retaliated against, the ULJ found that Mogere’s retaliation

allegations were unfounded. We conclude that an average, reasonable worker would not

quit his job when confronted with the extra-shift restriction that was imposed in this case.

       In sum, the reasons credited by the ULJ as Mogere’s reasons for quitting do not

fulfill the statutory definition of a good reason to quit caused by the employer.

Therefore, the ULJ did not err in finding Mogere ineligible for unemployment benefits.

       Affirmed.




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