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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                     IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                       PENNSYLVANIA
                             Appellee

                        v.

MILIQUE WAGNER

                             Appellant               No. 1556 EDA 2013


            Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence February 6, 2013
             In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
              Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0000127-2011


BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., MUNDY, J., and PLATT, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.:                        FILED JANUARY 29, 2015

        Milique Wagner appeals from the judgment of sentence, entered in the

Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, after a jury found him guilty

of murder of the first degree,1 criminal conspiracy,2 and possessing an

instrument of a crime (PIC).3 After careful review, we affirm.

        On the evening of February 11, 2010, Wagner, Kelvin Bryant, and

Amin Payne gathered at the apartment of Bryant’s mother, Debra Sumbler.

The three men had been friends for a few years.            Sumbler’s boyfriend,

____________________________________________


*
    Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1
    18 Pa.C.S. § 2502.
2
    18 Pa.C.S. § 903(a).
3
    18 Pa.C.S. § 907.
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James Herman Adams, was also present. Throughout the evening, Wagner

and Bryant openly carried firearms while Payne was “burning bags,” or

preparing drugs.    At some point, Bryant received a phone call and

immediately left the apartment with Wagner; shortly thereafter, Payne

followed.

     Payne testified that he witnessed Bryant and Wagner “talking to that

boy Bra [the decedent, Braheem King] down the street, so I started to walk

down Cecil B. Moore towards where they were standing. Then I saw Kelvin

and Milique just pull out on the boy and shoot him up.” N.T. Trial, 2/4/13,

at 269-70. The two shooters then ran, turning onto 26 th Street and up the

block. Payne ran back to Sumbler’s apartment to gather his belongings and

then ran home. Later that night, Bryant phoned Payne and told him that he

“hollered at another one,” meaning he killed another boy. Id. at 271.

     At trial, Adams testified that, a few minutes after Wagner and Bryant

left Sumbler’s apartment, he heard about a dozen gunshots from his position

in his bedroom.

     Philadelphia Police Officer Joseph Ewald testified that, at approximately

8:32 p.m., he and his partner received a radio report about a possible

shooting in the area of the 2500 block of Cecil B. Moore Avenue.         After

arriving on the scene, a crowd directed the officers towards 26 th Street.

There, they discovered King lying face down in the snow with blood coming

from his upper torso area. Medics transported King to Hahnemann Hospital,

where he was pronounced dead at 9:09 p.m.

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      Philadelphia Crime Scene Unit Officer Robert Flade testified, as an

expert witness, that at least two semi-automatic handguns were used in the

fatal shooting.    Police recovered 29 pieces of ballistic evidence from the

scene, including two fired projectiles and 27 fired cartridge casings. Of the

29 gunshots fired, King was struck 11 times.

      Philadelphia Police Officers Daniel Stevens and Justin Rios also

received a radio call that gunshots were fired in the area of 2500 Cecil B.

Moore Avenue.       As they approached the area, they received additional

information that two black men wearing dark colored hoodies were seen

running southbound on 26th Street from Cecil B. Moore.        Approximately

three blocks from the scene, Officer Stevens spotted Wagner and another

black male, both wearing hoodies.       Officer Rios yelled, “Stop, police!”

Wagner put his hands up and stopped.           Officer Stevens frisked and

handcuffed Wagner and asked him what he was doing. Wagner responded

that he was trying to buy marijuana; however, he had no money in his

possession.       Wagner was transported to the Homicide Unit of the

Philadelphia Police Department for investigation, but was subsequently

released. A warrant was ultimately issued and Wagner was apprehended on

September 29, 2010.

      On February 6, 2013, after a consolidated trial, Wagner was convicted

and sentenced to a mandatory life term for murder in the first degree, with

concurrent sentences of 5 to 10 years’ imprisonment for criminal conspiracy

and 1 to 5 years’ imprisonment for PIC. On February 11, 2013, Wagner filed

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post-sentence motions, which the trial court denied on May 21, 2013.

Wagner filed a timely notice of appeal on May 23, 2013.

      On appeal, Wagner raises the following issues for our review:

      1.    Is [Wagner] entitled to a new trial as a result of the trial
      court’s ruling that prohibited him from cross-examining
      Commonwealth witness Amin Payne with regard to other
      shootings that he was involved in?

      2.    Is [Wagner] entitled to a new trial as a result of the trial
      court’s ruling that prohibited him from cross-examining
      Detective Phillip Nordo, Detective Gary White, and Police Officer
      William Golphin concerning the [Wagner’s] statement and other
      interviews they conducted?

Appellant’s Brief, at 4.

      Both of Wagner’s appellate issues challenge trial court rulings with

respect to cross-examination of witnesses. The scope of cross-examination

is within the discretion of the trial court and, absent an abuse of that

discretion, an appellate court will not disturb the trial judge’s rulings.

Commonwealth v. Pagan, 950 A.2d 270, 285 (Pa. 2008) (citation

omitted). “An abuse of discretion will not be found based on a mere error of

judgment, but rather exists where the court has reached a conclusion [that]

overrides or misapplies the law, or where the judgment exercised it

manifestly unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-will.”

Commonwealth v. Bryant, 67 A.3d 716, 726 (Pa. 2013), quoting

Commonwealth v. Eichinger, 915 A.2d 1122, 1140 (Pa. 2007).




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      Wagner first asserts that he is entitled to a new trial because he was

prohibited from cross-examining witness Payne.         Wagner has failed to

preserve this issue and, as such, it is waived.

      Issues not raised in the lower court are waived and cannot be raised

for the first time on appeal. Pa.R.A.P. 302(a). Here, counsel for Wagner’s

co-defendants argued vigorously to the trial court that they be allowed to

question Payne about other shootings he allegedly committed, but was not

convicted of, in order to show common plan, motive and intent. The court

denied this request. However, at no time did Wagner’s counsel join in that

motion or argue to the trial court that he be permitted to examine Payne on

the issue. Where an objection or motion is raised before the trial court by

co-defendants, but not by the appellant himself, the appellant waives the

issue on appeal.   Commonwealth v. Woods, 418 A.2d 1346, 1352 (Pa.

Super. 1980); see also Commonwealth v. C.M.K., 932 A.2d 111, 113 (Pa.

Super. 2007) (“Appellants were individually represented at trial; accordingly,

the issue may have been preserved at trial by one defendant’s counsel and

not the other’s.”). Because Wagner himself did not preserve the issue, he

has waived it.

      Next, Wagner claims that the trial court erred by prohibiting him from

cross-examining Detective Nordo, Detective White, and Officer Golphin

regarding statements Wagner made to police during post-arrest interviews

and as a result is entitled to a new trial.   Specifically, in his statement to

police, Wagner implicated Bryant and Payne in the shooting of King. Wagner

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argues that these statements establish his defense that Payne shot and

killed King. For the following reasons, this claim is meritless.

       An accused has a fundamental right to present evidence, so long as

the evidence is relevant and not excluded by an established evidentiary rule.

Chambers v. Mississippi, 410 U.S. 284 (1973). It is well-established that

evidence that tends to show that someone else committed the crime for

which an accused stands trial is relevant. See Commonwealth v. Boyle,

368 A.2d 661 (Pa. 1976); Commonwealth v. McGowan, 635 A.2d 113

(Pa. 1993); Commonwealth v. Rini, 427 A.2d 1385 (Pa. Super. 1981).4

However, evidence showing someone else committed the crime is only

admissible if it is not precluded by an established evidentiary rule.

Chambers, supra.

       Here, Wagner’s counsel acknowledged that he wanted to question

Officer Golphin regarding his client’s statements in order to bring the content

of those statements before the jury without having to call Wagner to the

stand.      N.T.    Trial,   2/04/13,     at   92-93.   Upon   objection   by   the

Commonwealth, the trial court disallowed the cross-examination of the
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4
  In support of this claim, Wagner cited multiple cases that involve a trial
court’s erroneous exclusion of relevant, admissible evidence proffered by
defendants to prove that someone else committed the crime for which they
were charged. See Boyle, supra; McGowan, supra; Rini, supra. Here,
however, the evidence Wagner sought to admit was in clear violation of the
hearsay rule and, accordingly, was inadmissible. These cases are therefore
inapposite.




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officers regarding Wagner’s post-arrest statements because they were

hearsay. Hearsay is a statement that (1) the declarant does not make while

testifying in the current proceeding which (2) a party offers in evidence to

prove the truth of the matter asserted in the statement.       Pa.R.E. 801(c).

The hearsay rule is based on experience that untrustworthy evidence, out-

of-court statements, should not be presented to the triers of fact because

they lack reliability that could otherwise be established through cross-

examination or statements made under oath. Chambers, 410 U.S. at 298.

“A number of exceptions have developed over the years to allow the

admission of hearsay statements made under circumstances that tend to

assure reliability and thereby compensate for the absence of the oath and

opportunity for cross-examination.”     Id. at 298-99.     However, where a

defendant seeks at trial to introduce his own statements made at the time of

arrest to support his version of the facts, such testimony is clearly offensive

to the hearsay rule. Commonwealth v. Benson, 10 A.3d 1268, 1274-75

(Pa. Super. 2010), citing Commonwealth v. Murphy, 425 A.2d 352 (Pa.

1981).

      Here, Wagner’s counsel sought to admit the content of Wagner’s out-

of-court statement for its truth, i.e., as proof that Bryant and Payne were

the actual shooters.   This self-serving statement is clearly violative of the

hearsay rule and, as such, the trial court did not err in excluding it.

Benson, supra.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

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Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 1/29/2015




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