MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                           Sep 30 2015, 10:20 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.


ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                   ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
R. Patrick Magrath                                       Gregory F. Zoeller
Alcorn Sage Schwartz & Magrath, LLP                      Attorney General of Indiana
Madison, Indiana
                                                         Katherine Modesitt Cooper
                                                         Deputy Attorney General
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana



                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Denny Brock,                                             September 30, 2015
Appellant-Defendant,                                     Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                         36A01-1501-CR-32
        v.                                               Appeal from the Jackson Circuit
                                                         Court
State of Indiana,                                        The Honorable Richard W.
Appellee-Plaintiff.                                      Poynter, Judge
                                                         Trial Court Cause No.
                                                         36C01-1312-FC-73



Pyle, Judge.




Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1501-CR-32 | September 30, 2015   Page 1 of 9
                                       Statement of the Case
[1]   Denny Brock (“Brock”) appeals the trial court’s order revoking his probation.

      On appeal, he argues that the trial court abused its discretion by revoking his

      probation because the State presented insufficient evidence that he had violated

      a term of his probation by committing another offense. Because the State

      showed by a preponderance of the evidence that Brock committed Level 6

      felony intimidation against his wife, we affirm the trial court’s order revoking

      his probation.


[2]   Affirmed.


                                                     Issue
              Whether the trial court abused its discretion by revoking Brock’s
              probation.

                                                     Facts
[3]   In December 2013, the State charged Brock with Count 1, Class C felony

      intimidation; Count 2, Class D felony intimidation; and Count 3, Class B

      misdemeanor battery. The State alleged that Brock had committed all of these

      crimes against his wife, Deborah Brock (“Deborah”).




      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1501-CR-32 | September 30, 2015   Page 2 of 9
[4]   On March 18, 2014, Brock pled guilty to the Class D felony intimidation1

      charge in exchange for the dismissal of the remaining two charges. Brock’s

      written plea agreement called for him to receive a three (3) year sentence, with

      one (1) year executed and two (2) years suspended to supervised probation. As

      for the executed portion of Brock’s sentence, the plea agreement specified that

      Brock would serve 162 days in “the appropriate correctional facility” and then

      203 days on “home detention as a direct commitment.” (App. 36).


[5]   On April 8, 2014, the trial court held a sentencing hearing. The trial court

      sentenced Brock pursuant to the terms contained in the plea agreement; thus, it

      imposed a three (3) year sentence, with one (1) year executed and two (2) years

      suspended to supervised probation. Brock’s standard conditions of probation

      included the requirement that he “must not commit another criminal offense.”

      (App. 50). As a special condition of probation, the trial court ordered Brock to

      submit to anger management, mental health, and alcohol and drug programs

      and participate in any recommended treatment.


[6]   On July 3, 2014, Brock completed home detention and started his two-year

      probationary term. Three months later, on October 1, 2014, the State filed a

      notice of probation violation, alleging that Brock had violated the terms of his

      probation by committing a new criminal offense. Specifically, the State alleged




      1
        IND. CODE § 35-45-2-1. We note that, under the legislature’s comprehensive criminal law reform package,
      the intimidation statute was amended with an effective date of July 1, 2014. Under the new version of the
      intimidation statute, Class D felony intimidation is now a Level 6 felony.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1501-CR-32 | September 30, 2015        Page 3 of 9
      that Brock had committed the crime of Level 6 felony intimidation against

      Deborah on September 18, 2014.2


[7]   The trial court held a probation revocation hearing on December 11, 2014.

      During this hearing, the State presented Brock’s probation officer and Deborah

      as witnesses and introduced Brock’s terms of probation as an exhibit. Also, the

      trial court, pursuant to the State’s request, took judicial notice of the sentencing

      order and probable cause affidavit from Brock’s original intimidation case and

      the charging information and probable cause affidavit from Brock’s new

      intimidation offense.3


[8]   Brock’s probation officer testified that he had three monthly meetings with

      Brock and that, during each meeting, Brock blamed Deborah for him being

      convicted and on probation. The probation officer also testified that Deborah

      called him on September 19, 2014, and reported that Brock appeared to be

      “somewhat unstable” and that he had made threats against her. (Tr. 9).


[9]   When Deborah testified, she discussed multiple occasions when Brock had

      threatened her. She testified that, around September 18, 2014, she saw that

      Brock could not stand up or keep his eyes open. She saw that he had left open

      his safe where he kept his pills, and when she looked at his prescription bottle,



      2
        Because Brock was alleged to have committed this offense after July 1, 2014, he was charged with
      intimidation as a Level 6 felony instead of a Class D felony.
      3
        These judicially-noticed documents, with exception of the probable cause affidavit from Brock’s original
      intimidation case, have not been included in the record on appeal. The underlying probable cause affidavit is
      in the record only because the State initially introduced it as an exhibit.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1501-CR-32 | September 30, 2015           Page 4 of 9
       which was written for 120 pain pills, she saw that he had taken all but three or

       four of them within an eight day period. Deborah testified that, when she got

       home from work on September 18, 2014, Brock “yell[ed] and scream[ed]” at

       her and told her to call the police. (Tr. 17). Brock “dared [her] to call the

       police” for what he was “gettin’ read[y] to do.” (Tr. 17). Brock told her that

       the police were “not gonna do anything to [him]” and were “not gonna take

       him because he’[d] gotten everything legal.” (Tr. 17, 19). Deborah testified

       that Brock then stated that he would “just kill” her after the police left. (Tr. 17).

       Deborah testified that Brock would frequently threaten her and say “all kinds of

       stuff” whenever he ran out of pills. (Tr. 30).


[10]   Additionally, Deborah testified that Brock also threatened her so that she would

       not call the police on him. She testified that Brock told her that he was going to

       “kick [her] f*****g ass” and that she would be a “dead b**** if [she] d[id] it to

       [him] again[.]” (Tr. 18). She testified that this threat referred to his original

       intimidation case when she “called the police on December the twenty-seventh

       [2013] and had him picked up.” (Tr. 19). Deborah testified that she was

       “scared” after he had threatened her. (Tr. 19). She also testified that Brock

       had, more than once, threatened to slice or cut her face, but she stated that he

       did not remember what he said “half the time[.]” (Tr. 20).


[11]   At the end of Deborah’s testimony, the trial court questioned Deborah to clarify

       her testimony regarding the threats that Brock had made against her. Upon

       questioning, Deborah confirmed that Brock’s “specific threats” of “I’m going to

       kick your f*****g ass” and “You’re a dead B**** if you do it to me again” were

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1501-CR-32 | September 30, 2015   Page 5 of 9
       in reference to Deborah previously calling the police in the original, underlying

       intimidation case, while the threats to cut and slice her face were “general

       comments[.]” (Tr. 30).


[12]   After the State rested, Brock did not testify, present evidence, or otherwise

       challenge the contents of the charging information and probable cause affidavit

       that were judicially noticed.


[13]   The trial court determined that the State had met its burden of showing that

       Brock had committed intimidation as alleged in the probation violation notice.

       The trial court revoked Brock’s probation, ordered him to serve his previously

       suspended two-year sentence in the Department of Correction (“DOC”), and

       recommended he enroll in a DOC drug treatment program. Brock now

       appeals.


                                                   Decision
[14]   Brock challenges the trial court’s determination that he violated probation by

       committing the criminal offense of intimidation against Deborah.


[15]   “Probation is a matter of grace left to trial court discretion, not a right to which

       a criminal defendant is entitled.” Prewitt v. State, 878 N.E.2d 184, 188 (Ind.

       2007). The trial court determines the conditions of probation and may revoke

       probation if the conditions are violated. Id.; see also IND. CODE § 35-38-2-3(a).

       Indeed, violation of a single condition of probation is sufficient to revoke

       probation. Gosha v. State, 873 N.E.2d 660, 663 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). We

       review a trial court’s probation violation determination for an abuse of
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1501-CR-32 | September 30, 2015   Page 6 of 9
       discretion. Heaton v. State, 984 N.E.2d 614, 616 (Ind. 2013). An abuse of

       discretion occurs where the decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the

       facts and circumstances or when the trial court misinterprets the law. Id. When

       reviewing a trial court’s determination that a probation violation has occurred,

       we consider only the evidence most favorable to the judgment, and we will not

       reweigh the evidence or judge the credibility of the witnesses. Sanders v. State,

       825 N.E.2d 952, 955-56 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005), trans. denied.


[16]   “When a probationer is accused of committing a criminal offense, an arrest

       alone does not warrant the revocation of probation.” Johnson v. State, 692

       N.E.2d 485, 487 (Ind. Ct. App. 1998). Likewise, the mere filing of a criminal

       charge against a defendant does not warrant the revocation of probation.

       Martin v. State, 813 N.E.2d 388, 391 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004). Instead, when the

       State alleges that the defendant violated probation by committing a new

       criminal offense, the State is required to prove—by a preponderance of the

       evidence—that the defendant committed the offense. Heaton, 984 N.E.2d at

       617.


[17]   Brock argues that there was not sufficient evidence to support the trial court’s

       revocation of his probation. Specifically, he argues that the State failed to prove

       that he had committed a new criminal offense because it had not shown that he

       had the “requisite intent to commit the crime of intimidation.” (Brock’s Br. 4).


[18]   INDIANA CODE § 35-45-2-1(a), provides that a person commits the crime of

       intimidation as a Class A misdemeanor when he “communicates a threat to


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1501-CR-32 | September 30, 2015   Page 7 of 9
       another person, with the intent: (1) that the other person engage in conduct

       against the other person’s will; [or] (2) that the other person be placed in fear of

       retaliation for a prior lawful act[.]” This crime is a Level 6 felony when the

       person has previously committed the offense of intimidation against the same

       victim. I.C. § 35-45-2-1(b)(1)(C). “[I]ntent is a mental function,” and “it must

       be determined from a consideration of the defendant’s conduct and the natural

       and usual consequences of such conduct, absent an admission from the

       defendant.” Hendrix v. State, 615 N.E.2d 483, 485 (Ind. Ct. App. 1993) (citing

       Metzler v. State, 540 N.E.2d 606, 609 (Ind. 1989)). “To determine whether the

       defendant intended to commit the conduct, the trier of fact must usually resort

       to reasonable inferences based upon an examination of the surrounding

       circumstances.” Id.


[19]   Although the trial court took judicial notice of the charging information for the

       new intimidation offense, Brock did not include this, or any other judicially-

       noticed, document in the record on appeal. Therefore, it is unclear if the State

       charged Brock with intimidation under subsection (a)(1) or (a)(2) or both.

       Nevertheless, it clear from the trial court’s determination that it found by a

       preponderance of the evidence that Brock had committed intimidation based on

       subsection (a)(2). Specifically, the trial court stated:


               Well, I believe the allegations have been proven by a
               preponderance of the evidence. [Deborah’s] testimony is pretty
               clear that . . . this Defendant was pretty angry for whatever
               reason. Of course when you’re in a[n] intoxicated high[,] you
               don’t have to be rational in your behavior. I mean, the question
               isn’t whether or not [Brock] was acting rationally. The question
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1501-CR-32 | September 30, 2015   Page 8 of 9
               is what [Brock], how did he act. You know, in saying that “I’m
               going to kick your f*****g ass. You’re a dead B**** if you do it
               to me again” referencing . . . the victim having called the police
               back in December for making threats, I think it’s pretty clear it is
               intimidation under the statute. So, therefore, I am going to find
               by a preponderance of the evidence the allegations have been
               proven as alleged in the petition to revoke probation.


       (Tr. 35-36). Thus, the trial court determined that Brock had communicated a

       threat to Deborah with intent to place her in fear for the prior lawful act of

       calling the police in December 2013.


[20]   Brock’s argument that “the evidence produced by the State tended to prove that

       Denny Brock was not capable of forming the requisite intent[,]” (Brock’s Br. 6),

       is nothing more than a request to reweigh the evidence, which we will not do.

       Because the evidence was sufficient to show that Brock violated the terms of his

       probation by committing a new offense, we affirm the trial court’s revocation of

       his probation.


[21]   Affirmed.


       Vaidik, C.J., and Robb, J., concur.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A01-1501-CR-32 | September 30, 2015   Page 9 of 9
