                                                                                 ACCEPTED
                                                                            07-17-00077-CR
                                                                SEVENTH COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                          AMARILLO, TEXAS
                                                                           9/6/2017 4:46 PM
                                                                           Vivian Long, Clerk


            Nos. 07-17-00077-CR & 07-17-00078-CR
                           IN THE                         FILED IN
                                                   7th COURT OF APPEALS
                     COURT OF APPEALS                AMARILLO, TEXAS
                                                   9/6/2017 4:46:28 PM
                          FOR THE                       VIVIAN LONG
                                                           CLERK
             SEVENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF TEXAS
                      AMARILLO, TEXAS

                  JEREMY WILLIAM AMERO,
                               APPELLANT
                             V.
                     THE STATE OF TEXAS
             ON APPEAL IN CAUSE NO. 26,245-A
              FROM THE 47th DISTRICT COURT
               OF RANDALL COUNTY, TEXAS
          HONORABLE DAN SCHAAP, JUDGE PRESIDING

                BRIEF FOR THE STATE OF TEXAS

                           JAMES A. FARREN
                           CRIMINAL DISTRICT ATTORNEY
                           RANDALL COUNTY, TEXAS

                           KRISTY WRIGHT
                           SBN 00798601
                           kristy.wright@randallcounty.com
                           ASST. CRIMINAL DISTRICT ATTORNEY
                           2309 Russell Long Blvd., Suite 120
                           Canyon, Texas 79015
                           (806) 468-5570
                           FAX (806) 468-5566
                           ATTORNEYS FOR THE STATE

STATE REQUESTS ORAL ARGUMENT IF REQUESTED BY THE APPELLANT
                            TABLE OF CONTENTS

INDEX OF AUTHORITIES                             3-4

THE CASE IN BRIEF                                5

STATE’S COUNTERPOINT

                         COUNTERPOINT NO. 1

      NO ABUSE OF DISCRETION HAS BEEN SHOWN AND ANY VIOLATION OF
ARTICLE 37.07 WAS RENDERED HARMLESS. MOREOVER, THE COMPLAINTS IN
ISSUE ONE WERE NOT PRESERVED FOR APPELLATE REVIEW.

STATEMENT OF FACTS                               6-9

COUNTERPOINT NO. 1
    RESTATED                                     10
    STATEMENT OF FACTS                           10-14
    SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT                      14
    ARGUMENT                                     15-26

PRAYER                                           27

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE                        27

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE                           28




                                    2
                             INDEX OF AUTHORITIES

TEXAS CASES

Chambers v. State, 2011 WL 2652252, No. 01-10-00317-CR             20
  (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, pet. ref’d) (not reported)

Corley v. State, 987 S.W.2d 615                                    25
  (Tex.App.—Austin 1999, no pet.)

Huizar v. State, 12 S.W.3d 479                                     25, 26
  (Tex.Crim.App. 2000)

Kucel v. State, 1998 WL 34193983, No. 11-97-071-CR                 20
  (Tex.App.—Eastland 1998, no pet.) (not reported)

Luna v. State, 301 S.W.3d 322                                      24
  (Tex.App.—Waco 2009, no pet.)

Mitchell v. State, 931 S.W.2d 950                                  15
 (Tex.Crim.App. 1996)

Palomo v. State, 352 S.W.3d 87                                     19, 24, 25
  (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2011, pet ref’d)

Rezac v. State, 782 S.W.2d 869                                     17, 18
  (Tex.Crim.App. 1990)

Roethel v. State, 80 S.W.3d 276                                    22
  (Tex.App.—Austin 2002, no pet.)

Salazar v. State, 38 S.W.3d 141                                    15
  (Tex.Crim.App. 2001)

Sanders v. State, 422 S.W.3d 809                                   19
  (Tex.App.—Fort Worth 2014, pet. ref’d)

Thomas v. State, 723 S.W.2d 696                                    17
  (Tex.Crim.App. 1986)
                                        3
Thompson v. State, 4 S.W.3d 884                            24, 25
  (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, pet. ref’d)

Weatherred v. State, 15 S.W.3d 540                         15
 (Tex.Crim.App. 2000)

Wham v. State, 2011 WL 4413745, No. 02-09-00390-CR         18
 (Tex.App.—Fort Worth 2011, pet. ref’d) (not reported)



TEXAS STATUTES

Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, Rule 33.1(a)(1)        18, 20

Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, Rule 44.2(b)           22, 24

Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 37.07            16, 17, 18,
                                                           19, 20, 21,
                                                           23, 24, 25,
                                                           26

Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 37.07(3)(a)(1)   15

Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 37.07(3)(g)      16, 22




                                        4
                    Nos. 07-17-00077-CR & 07-17-00078-CR
                                   IN THE
                              COURT OF APPEALS
                                  FOR THE
                     SEVENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF TEXAS
                               AMARILLO, TEXAS

                           JEREMY WILLIAM AMERO,
                                        APPELLANT
                                      V.
                              THE STATE OF TEXAS



TO THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS:

      Comes now, the State of Texas in the above styled and numbered causes

and files this brief in response to the brief of Appellant, Jeremy William Amero.

Appellant was convicted of two offenses for aggravated assault with a deadly

weapon in 47th District Court of Randall County, the Honorable Dan Schaap, Judge

presiding.

                               THE CASE IN BRIEF

THE CHARGES                    TWO COUNTS OF AGGRAVATED ASSAULT WITH A
                               DEADLY WEAPON

THE PLEAS                      GUILTY TO BOTH COUNTS

THE VERDICTS (JUDGE)           GUILTY OF BOTH COUNTS

THE PUNISHMENTS (JUDGE)        TEN (10) YEARS IN PRISON FOR EACH COUNT AND
                               SENTENCES ORDERED TO RUN CONCURRENTLY


                                        5
                               STATEMENT OF FACTS

      On October 28, 2016, appellant pled guilty to two counts of aggravated

assault with a deadly weapon as alleged in the indictment of Cause No. 26,245-A.

(CR.I-85-90, 95, 97). Although appellant pled guilty to these offenses, there was

no plea agreement. (CR.I-87). In January and February of 2017, several hearings

were held in order for the trial judge to determine punishment. At these hearings,

the trial judge heard evidence that appellant: 1) committed an extraneous offense

on June 8-9, 2016, 2) had a tumultuous relationship with his girlfriend (Rory), 3)

abused alcohol and steroids, and 4) had anger and mental issues. (RR.II-14, 56-58,

64-66, 77-80, 96); (RR.III-14-15, 20, 27, 29); (RR.V-State’s Exhibit 11).


      Appellant committed the aggravated assault offenses alleged in the

indictment of Cause No.26,245-A on October 26, 2015. (CR.I-5). On that day, Rory

had dinner with Tammy Morgan (one of the victims in this case). (CR.I-5); (RR.II-

49-50). After dinner, Tammy and Rory left in separate cars. (RR.II-28, 50-51).

After departure, Tammy noticed appellant following her vehicle. (RR.II-50-51).

Appellant pulled his vehicle next to Tammy’s vehicle, showed her a weapon, and

yelled for her to pull over. (RR.II-53-54, 64, 67). After Tammy pulled over,

appellant told her this “…would be the last time you would see your friend [Rory]

alive…”    (RR.II-56).   Shortly thereafter, Tammy drove away and appellant

                                           6
followed. (RR.II-57). She called 911 very upset and stated that she was being

followed by a man who had just threatened to kill her. (RR.II-57). At the

punishment hearings, Tammy forgave appellant for his actions, having rekindled

their friendship. (RR.II-60). Tammy testified that she did not want appellant to be

imprisoned for this offense. (RR.II-66). Rather, she wanted him to get substance

abuse and anger treatment. (RR.II-65-66).

      Evan Gray (the other victim in this case) noticed a man in a white Mustang

(later identified as appellant) following right on the bumper of a lady in an SUV

(later identified as Tammy). (CR.I-5); (RR.II-11-12, 22-23, 38-39). Evan followed

the vehicles to ensure nothing bad occurred. (RR.II-12). He even got in between

the two vehicles. (RR.II-13). At some point, appellant pulled up beside Evan and

pointed a shotgun at him. (RR.II-14). Evan became scared, slowed down, let the

vehicles pass him, and called 911. (RR.II-14-15).

      The police located the appellant driving on a city street and stopped him.

(RR.II-19-20, 25). A black pump shotgun was discovered in the front passenger’s

seat of appellant’s vehicle. (RR.II-20, 24). The shotgun was fully loaded with one

round in the chamber and three rounds in the magazine. (RR.II-23-24). It was

capable of firing four shots. (RR.II-24).




                                            7
      Approximately seven months after the instant offenses, appellant pointed a

gun at another person. On June 8, 2016, appellant pointed a gun at Amanda Arias

and then pointed the gun at his own head. (RR.II-78, 80). Amanda was just a few

feet away when appellant pointed the gun at her. (RR.II-80). Law enforcement

officers were called to the scene and after a four hour standoff appellant

surrendered himself to authorities. (RR.II-88, 93).

      Aside from the above evidence presented by the State, the trial judge also

heard testimony from two defense witnesses: Cassie Weatherly and Wilbert

Newton. Officer Weatherly works for Potter County Sheriff’s office as a warrants

officer. (RR.III-7). She testified that appellant was arrested on an outstanding

Potter County Warrant in Florida on June 22, 2016 and booked into the Potter

County Detention Center on July 11, 2016. (RR.II-8-10). According to Officer

Weatherly, a person is usually shackled during transport. (RR.II-10).

      Wilbert Newton (a licensed professional counselor) testified that appellant

started therapy in July of 2014 and has completed thirty counseling sessions since

his start date. (RR.III-11, 14, 16). Appellant began seeing Newton because of anger

issues, but he had issues with alcohol and steroid abuse as well. (RR.III-14-15).

Appellant even tried to commit suicide on two prior occasions.          (RR.III-20).

Although Newton was aware that appellant had been treated for bipolar disorder,

                                         8
he had not seen any indication of such mental illness and had not diagnosed

appellant as bipolar. (RR.III-20, 29). Since November of 2016, appellant had

shown regret, remorse, and a fear concerning the well-being of his children.

(RR.III-16-17). In Newton’s opinion, appellant was making progress and would

benefit from continued treatment with his model of therapy. (RR.III-19, 24).

      After considering all the punishment evidence, the judge sentenced

appellant to ten years in prison on each count of the indictment and ordered that

these sentences run concurrently. (CR.I-91-95); (RR.IV-10-11). On October 28,

2016, the trial judge signed a certification of appellant’s right of appeal. (CR.I-83).

This certification authorized the present appeal. On March 10, 2017, appellant

filed a timely notice of appeal. (CR.I-101-102).




                                          9
                         COUNTERPOINT NO. 1, RESTATED

      NO ABUSE OF DISCRETION HAS BEEN SHOWN AND ANY VIOLATION OF
ARTICLE 37.07 WAS RENDERED HARMLESS. MOREOVER, THE COMPLAINTS IN
ISSUE ONE WERE NOT PRESERVED FOR APPELLATE REVIEW.

STATEMENT OF FACTS:

      On July 6, 2016, appellant filed a request for evidence and a motion for

discovery. (CR.I-28-38). In this request, appellant asked for the State to provide

notice of its intent to introduce any extraneous crimes or bad acts (final

convictions or not) at trial. (CR.I-28). On October 28, 2016, appellant pled guilty to

two counts of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon as alleged in the

indictment of Cause No. 26,245-A. (CR.I-85-90, 91, 95). The State filed notices of

its intent to offer extraneous evidence at trial pursuant to Article 37.07 on

November 30, 2016 and December 21, 2016. (CR.I-56, 57, 78-79). In these notices,

the State informed the defense that it intended to offer evidence of “…crimes,

wrongs, bad acts, and extraneous offenses alleged against the defendant in the

following investigative reports” which was marked as report number 16-07889

from the Potter County Sheriff’s office. (CR.I-56, 57, 78). A few months later,

several hearings were held in order for the trial judge to determine punishment.

(CR.I-103-104).




                                         10
      During one of these hearings, the State called Rory (appellant’s girlfriend)

as a witness. (RR.II-68). The trial judge immediately held a hearing to discuss the

State’s intentions for calling Rory since it had been previously mentioned that she

had pending criminal charges and might invoke her right to remain silent. (RR.II-

46, 68). The State announced that it intended to ask Rory about the assaultive

history between herself and appellant and about appellant’s steroid use. (RR.II-

69). The State informed the trial judge that she would not ask Rory any questions

about the incident that occurred on June 9, 2016 because Rory has a criminal

charge stemming from that date. (RR.II-69-71). After listening to the State, the

trial judge stated that he “…didn’t hear anything that would necessarily strike me

as anything to invoke one’s right to remain silent…” and asked why the attorney

representing Rory was present in the courtroom. (RR.II-68-69).

      Chris Drake (Rory’s counsel) stated certain statements made by Rory on

June 9, 2016 could conceivable be used against her client in a future criminal

proceeding and that she advised Rory to invoke her Fifth Amendment right to

remain silent. (RR.II-70). The State informed the trial judge that Rory was charged

with a drug offense based on a search warrant of her house. (RR.II-70-71). The

prosecutor stated she would not ask her questions about the incident that

occurred on June 9, 2016. (RR.II-71). The trial judge agreed that the State could

                                        11
not ask Rory about the events which took place on that date. (RR.II-71). The State

assured the trial judge that “...I’m not going to talk about that day, period.”

(RR.II-72). Since the trial judge was not provided with case law on the issue, he

did not allow Rory to testify at such time and asked the State to call its next

witness.1 (RR.II-72-73).

        The State called Amanda Arias as its next witness.                    (RR.II-73). At the

beginning of her testimony, the State asked Ms. Arias about the incident that

began on June 8, 2016. (RR.II-74). Defense counsel (Mr. Weaver) objected and

then withdrew his objection as shown by the following excerpt:

Mr. Weaver:            Your Honor, at this point, I’m going to object. If—and I’m
                       just—may be premature, but the June incident, the June 13th,
                       2016, incident, we’ve only been given notice of an assault,
                       which is a Class A, or a family violence, which is a Class A, and
                       no other event that has occurred on this date. And that would
                       be Paragraph 6, of the Second Amended Notice of potential
                       Rule 404(b), Rule 609(f), Article 37.07.

Ms. Wiggins:           I’m sorry. Judge, if you look at Paragraph Number 1, it says:
                       Crimes, bad acts, extraneous offense alleged in the
                       Defendant—in that report number, and that is the report
                       number I am talking about.

Mr. Weaver             And then at that point in time, I’m going to object—well, it’s
                       premature at this point. I’ll withdraw the objection if that’s
                       where we’re going at this point….”
                       (RR.II-74-75).


1
    The State later decided not to call Rory as a witness. (RR.II-120-121).
                                                 12
      Ms. Arias testified about the volatile relationship between Rory and

appellant. (RR.II-78-82). She also testified that appellant pointed a gun at her and

then at his own head during the June 8-9, 2016 incident. (RR.II-78, 80-82). At the

end of Ms. Arias’ testimony, defense counsel lodged another objection when she

was asked if she had seen drugs at appellant’s house. (RR.II-84). Defense counsel

objected on the basis that the defense had received no notice of this extraneous

evidence. (RR.II-84). The trial judge sustained the objection. (RR.II-84).

      Aside from Ms. Arias, several other witnesses testified about the June 8-9,

2016 incident. Deputy Mike Wright testified that he was dispatched to a

residence in Bushland on June 9, 2016 because a male had pointed a gun at a

female. (RR.II-87-88). Deputy Wright testified that appellant was the suspect and

that it took about four hours before he surrendered himself to authorities. (RR.II-

93). Throughout Deputy Wright’s testimony, defense counsel never lodged a

notice objection. (RR.II-87-101).

      Investigator Robert Huddleston testified that while investigating the June 8-

9, 2016 incident he learned that appellant put a gun to his head and pulled the

trigger. (RR.II-118-119). He also learned that appellant pointed a gun at another

individual. (RR.II-119). Again, defense counsel never lodged a notice objection.

(RR.II-113-119).

                                         13
      Likewise, defense counsel never lodged a notice objection when Sergeant

Nelson Newburn and Sergeant Dustin Langwell testified about the June 8-9, 2016

incident. (RR.II-102-109, 110-112).   Moreover, defense counsel never objected

that the trial judge failed to find any of the extraneous evidence beyond a

reasonable doubt.



                         SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT

      Appellant waived Issue One by failing to object to his notice complaint or to

his finding complaint at trial. Although the State gave appellant notice of its

intent to offer the June 8-9, 2016 extraneous evidence at trial, it failed to state

the specific date or victim of said extraneous evidence on its notice pleadings.

Nevertheless, any error was rendered harmless because the record shows the

prosecutor was not acting in bad faith, trying to mislead appellant, or trying to

prevent appellant from preparing for trial. Moreover, in regards to the finding

complaint, there is no indication on the record that the trial judge failed to

comply with Article 37.07 in assessing the sentences in this case. For all of these

reasons, no abuse of discretion has been shown and the allegations in Issue One

should be denied.




                                        14
                                       ARGUMENT
                                a. Standard of Review
      The decision of a trial court regarding the admissibility of extraneous

offense evidence is reviewed under an abuse of discretion standard.             See

Weatherred v. State, 15 S.W.3d 540, 542 (Tex.Crim.App. 2000); Mitchell v. State,

931 S.W.2d 950, 953 (Tex.Crim.App. 1996). The trial judge’s decision will be

affirmed if it is within “the zone of reasonable disagreement.” Salazar v. State, 38

S.W.3d 141, 153-154 (Tex.Crim.App. 2001).


              b. Law Pertaining to Extraneous Evidence at Punishment


Article 37.07(3)(a)(1)

      Article 37.07(3)(a)(1) of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure states,

“Regardless of the plea and whether the punishment be assessed by the judge or

the jury, evidence may be offered by the state and the defendant as to any

matter the court deems relevant to sentencing, including…evidence of an

extraneous crime or bad act that is shown beyond a reasonable doubt by

evidence to have been committed by the defendant or for which he could be held

criminally responsible, regardless of whether he has previously been charged with

or finally convicted of the crime or act.”



                                             15
Article 37.07(3)(g)


      Article 37.07(3)(g) states that, “On timely request of the defendant, notice

of intent to introduce evidence under this article shall be given in the same

manner required by Rule 404(b), Texas Rules of Evidence.          If the attorney

representing the state intends to introduce an extraneous crime or bad act that

has not resulted in a final conviction in a court of record or a probated or

suspended sentence, notice of that intent is reasonable only if the notice includes

the date on which and the county in which the alleged crime or bad act occurred

and the name of the alleged victim of the crime or bad act. The requirement

under this subsection that the attorney representing the state give notice applies

only if the defendant makes a timely request to the attorney representing the

state for the notice.”


                           c. Waiver of Issues on Appeal


      In Issue One, appellant raises the following claims: 1) the trial judge erred

by allowing the State to present extraneous evidence for which it had failed to

provide notice as required under Article 37.07 of the Texas Code of Criminal

Procedure and 2) the trial judge erred by allowing the State to present extraneous




                                        16
evidence for which the beyond a reasonable doubt burden of proof was not

satisfied as required by Article 37.07. (Appellant’s Brief at pages 1, 8, 9-15).

Notice Issue

       At trial, defense counsel made two notice objections. (RR.II-74, 84). The

first notice objection was made at the beginning of Ms. Arias’ testimony, but it

was immediately withdrawn. (RR.II-74-75). Ms. Arias then testified about the

events that occurred on June 8-9, 2016. (RR.II-75-84). She specifically testified

about the volatile relationship between Rory and appellant and about the June 8-

9, 2016 incident. (RR.II-76-81). Ms. Arias testified that appellant had pointed a

gun at her and then pointed a gun at his own head. (RR.II-78, 80). The second

notice objection was lodged at the very end of Ms. Arias’ testimony. (RR.II-84).

Defense counsel objected when the State asked Ms. Arias if she had seen drugs at

appellant’s house. (RR.II-84). Defense counsel objected on the basis that the

defense had received no notice of this extraneous evidence. (RR.II-84). The trial

judge sustained the objection. (RR.II-84).

      Appellant waived error by failing to object at trial on the basis that the

State failed to provide notice of the June 8-9, 2016 incident or that the State’s

notice regarding the incident was inadequate. See Rezac v. State, 782 S.W.2d 869,

870-871 (Tex.Crim.App. 1990); Thomas v. State, 723 S.W.2d 696, 700

                                          17
(Tex.Crim.App. 1986); TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a)(1). Based on the record, defense

counsel never made a specific 37.07 notice objection regarding the June 8-9, 2017

extraneous evidence. His notice objection only pertained to general drug

extraneous evidence which he did not connect to the June 8-9, 2016 incident.

(RR.II-84). Thus, appellant’s notice issue is waived.

      Appellant’s notice issue is also waived because his objection was not

pursued to an adverse ruling. As stated previously, the trial judge sustained

defense counsel’s objection to the State’s question regarding whether Ms. Arias

had seen drugs in appellant’s house. (RR.II-84). Appellant failed to pursue an

adverse ruling. Since the trial judge provided appellant with the requested relief,

the notice issue was not preserved for review. Wham v. State, 2011 WL 4413745,

No. 02-09-00390-CR (Tex.App.—Fort Worth 2011, pet. ref’d) (not reported).

      Furthermore, appellant’s notice issue is waived because the appellant failed

to make a timely objection to evidence of the June 8-9, 2016 incident or to the

appellant’s drug use at trial. Rezac v. State, supra, 870-871; TEX. R. APP. P.

33.1(a)(1). Evidence regarding the June 8-9, 2016 incident and appellant’s drug

use was presented at trial before appellant ever lodged his second notice

objection (i.e., his first notice objection was withdrawn). (RR.II-66, 74-75, 78, 80-

81). After appellant lodged this notice objection, more evidence of the June 8-9,

                                         18
2016 incident and appellant’s drug use was presented at trial without any Article

37.07 objection. (RR.II-88, 93-98, 103-106, 114-115); (RR.V-State’s Exhibit 11).

Since appellant failed to repeatedly object at trial based on Article 37.07, his

notice issue is waived.

Finding Issue

      The appellant complains that the trial judge failed to make a finding

regarding whether or not appellant committed various extraneous offenses or

bad acts beyond a reasonable doubt before considering such evidence.

(Appellant’s Brief at pages 9, 14-15). Appellant argues that the trial judge never

made any finding of reasonable doubt with regards to the following evidence: 1)

the events of June 8-9, 2016, 2) appellant’s volatile relationship with Rory, 3)

appellant’s mental health history, or 4) appellant’s drug abuse. (Appellant’s Brief

at page 7, 15). However, appellant admits that he failed to object on this basis at

trial. (Appellant’s Brief at page 14). Since appellant failed to object at trial, his

finding issue is waived for appellate review. See Palomo v. State, 352 S.W.3d 87,

92 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2011, pet ref’d) (waiver of complaint that trial

judge did not conduct a proper threshold inquiry into the admissibility of the

evidence because the objection at trial failed to comport with his issue on direct

appeal); Sanders v. State, 422 S.W.3d 809, 816 (Tex.App.—Fort Worth 2014, pet.

                                         19
ref’d) (appellant failed to object under the beyond-a-reasonable-doubt standard

of Article 37.07); Chambers v. State, 2011 WL 2652252 at 1-2, No. 01-10-00317-

CR (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, pet. ref’d (not reported) (an objection

under Rule 403 did not preserve error on an appellate complaint that the State

did not prove an extraneous offense beyond a reasonable doubt as required by

Article 37.07); Kucel v. State, 1998 WL 34193983 at 1, No. 11-97-071-CR

(Tex.App.—Eastland 1998, no pet.) (not reported) (same); TEX. R. APP. P.

33.1(a)(1).


                          d. Application of Law to Facts

Notice Issue

      In Issue One, appellant alleges that the trial judge committed reversible

error by allowing extraneous evidence at trial which the State failed to provide

notice as required under Section 37.07 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure.

(Appellant’s Brief at pages 1, 8, 9-15). The State is confused by appellant’s notice

issue because it cannot determine if he is complaining that the State failed to

provide any notice of its intent to offer the June 8-9, 2016 extraneous evidence at

trial or if he is complaining that the State provided inadequate notice (i.e., the

State failed to include the date and victim of the extraneous offense in its notice

pleading) of the June 8-9, 2016 extraneous evidence. In his statement of facts,

                                        20
appellant refers to the State’s second amended notice pleading and states that,

“No specific information was provided on the notice of allegations relating to June

8-9, 2016.” (Appellant’s Brief at page 3). Appellant also states in his statement of

facts that many pages of the sentencing hearing “…are devoted to alleged facts

that the State ensured it would not discuss and failed to give notice of to Mr.

Amero.” (Appellant’s Brief at page 5).

      To clarify, the prosecutor never agreed that she would refrain from

discussing the events which took place on June 8-9, 2016 during trial. The

prosecutor merely informed the trial judge that she would not question Rory

(appellant’s girlfriend) about the June 8-9, 2016 incident because she had a

criminal charge stemming from such incident. (RR.II-69-72). The prosecutor never

agreed that she would not ask other witnesses, aside from Rory, about the June 8-

9, 2016 extraneous evidence.

      Further, the State did inform appellant of its intent to offer the June 8-9,

2016 extraneous evidence at trial. In this regard, the State filed a notice and two

amended notices regarding Article 37.07. (CR.I-56, 57, 78). These notices were

filed weeks prior to trial, on November 30, 2016 and December 21, 2016. (CR.I-56,

57, 78). In these notices, the State informed the defense that it intended to offer

evidence of “…crimes, wrongs, bad acts, and extraneous offenses alleged against

                                         21
the defendant in the following investigative reports that have been electronically

provided to defense counsel” and marked as report number 16-07889 from the

Potter County Sheriff’s Office. (CR.I-56, 57, 78). The State informed the trial

judge and defense counsel that report number 16-07889 refers to the June 8-9,

2016 extraneous evidence, an assertion never contradicted by appellant on the

record. (RR.II-74-75). Based on these documents, appellant was provided actual

notice of the State’s intent to offer evidence of the June 8-9, 2016 incident at

trial.

         Last of all, any alleged error in allowing the June 8-9, 2016 extraneous

evidence at trial was harmless. Article 37.07(3)(g) specifically states that notice of

the State’s intent is reasonable only if “…the notice includes the date on which

and the county in which the alleged crime or bad act occurred and the name of

the alleged victim of the crime or bad act.”           However, the admission of

extraneous evidence in violation of this statute does not involve constitutional

error and should be disregarded unless it affects the defendant’s substantial

rights. Roethel v. State, 80 S.W.3d 276, 281 (Tex.App.—Austin 2002, no pet.);

TEX. R. APP. PROC. 44.2(b). The purpose of Article 37.07(3)(g) is to avoid unfair

surprise and to enable a defendant to prepare to answer the extraneous offense

evidence. Id. at 282. An appellate court must analyze how the deficiency of the

                                         22
notice affected the defendant’s ability to prepare for the evidence. Id. at 282. It

must determine whether the deficient notice resulted from prosecutorial bad

faith and/or whether the deficient notice prevented the defendant from

preparing for trial. Id.

      Although the State failed to provide the date of the extraneous offense or

the name of the victim on its 37.07 notice pleadings, the State provided notice of

its intent to introduce evidence of crimes, wrongs, bad acts, and extraneous

offenses alleged in report number 16-07889 (which contained the June 8-9, 2016

extraneous evidence) at trial.     (CR.I-56, 57, 78); (RR.II-74-75).   The notice

pleadings showed that report number 16-07889 had been electronically provided

to defense counsel. (CR.I-56, 57, 78). Since the State electronically provided this

report to defense counsel, it is clear that the prosecutor was not acting in bad

faith, trying to mislead appellant, or trying to prevent appellant from preparing

for trial. In fact, defense counsel even withdrew his first notice objection after

the prosecutor informed him that the June 8, 2016 extraneous offense was

contained in report number 16-07889 as stated in paragraph 1 of the State’s

37.07 notice. (CR.I-56, 57, 78); (RR.II-75). Timely disclosure of the extraneous

evidence and an absence of any prosecutorial bad faith or suggestion that

appellant was unable to prepare for the sentencing hearing demonstrates that

                                        23
the notice error did not affect appellant’s substantial rights. Error, if any, was

rendered harmless under Rule 44.2(b) of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure;

also See Luna v. State, 301 S.W.3d 322 (Tex.App.—Waco 2009, no pet.).

Accordingly, no abuse of discretion has been shown and appellant’s notice

complaint in Issue One should be denied.

Finding Issue

      In Issue One, appellant also alleges that the trial judge committed

reversible error by failing to find proof of the extraneous evidence beyond a

reasonable doubt as required by Article 37.07. (Appellant’s Brief at pages 1, 8, 14-

15). The State interprets appellant’s issue as a sufficiency claim. Appellate courts

generally do not review the sufficiency of the evidence supporting an extraneous

offense presented during punishment. Palomo v. State, supra at 94-95. Since the

verdict on punishment is a general verdict and there is no actual finding that the

defendant committed an extraneous offense, an appellate court cannot

determine whether the fact finder found beyond a reasonable doubt that the

defendant was criminally responsible for the extraneous offense or if such finding

even affected the fact finder’s determination of punishment. Id. at 95; Thompson

v. State, 4 S.W.3d 884, 886 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, pet. ref’d).

Instead, appellate courts have construed such extraneous sufficiency challenges

                                        24
as challenges to the admission of the evidence under an abuse of discretion

standard. Palomo v. State, supra, at 94; Thompson v. State, supra, at 886.

       In the instant case, evidence was presented at trial about the events of

June 8-9, 2016, appellant’s volatile relationship with Rory, his mental health

history, and his drug abuse. (RR.II-56, 64-66, 77-84, 88, 96-98, 103); (RR.III-14-15,

20, 27, 29); (RR.V-State’s Exhibit 11). After listening to the evidence, the trial

judge sentenced appellant to ten years in prison for each count of the indictment.

(CR.I-91, 95); (RR.IV-10-11). This punishment was not inappropriate given that the

fact that the offenses alleged in the indictment of Cause No. 26,245-A were

second degree felonies and there was no indication on the record that the trial

judge failed to comply with Article 37.07 in assessing the sentences.2 Thus, no

abuse of discretion has been shown.

       The only case that appellant cites to support his finding issue is Huizar v.

State, 12 S.W.3d 479 (Tex.Crim.App. 2000). However, this case is distinguishable

from the instant case because the jury was the fact finder in the Huizar case. If


2
        As stated in Corley v. State, 987 S.W.2d 615, 621 (Tex.App.—Austin 1999, no pet.),
“Although we no longer presume that a trial court will disregard inadmissible evidence, see
Gipson v. State, 844 S.W.2d 738, 740-41 (Tex.Crim.App. 1992), when a case is tried to a trial
court rather than to a jury, the danger that the trier of fact will consider extraneous offense
evidence for anything other than the limited purpose for which it is admitted is reduced, and
the likelihood that the extraneous evidence will unfairly prejudice the defendant is diminished.”


                                               25
the jury is the fact finder at punishment, the trial judge is required to sua sponte

instruct the jury on the burden of proof of an extraneous offense under Article

37.07 regardless of whether the defendant requests such an instruction. Id. Since

the trial judge was the fact finder in the instant case, appellant’s reliance on the

Huizar case is misplaced. Moreover, just because an instruction as stated in the

Huizar case is required to be given to a jury at punishment does not suggest that

an appellate court can determine if the jury found beyond a reasonable doubt

that defendant was criminally responsible for the extraneous offense or if any

such finding even affected the jury’s determination of punishment. Accordingly,

no abuse of discretion has been shown and appellant’s finding complaint in Issue

One should be denied.




                                         26
                                     PRAYER

      WHEREFORE, Premises Considered, the State prays that the relief

requested by the appellant be denied and that this Honorable Court affirm Count

I and Count II of the judgments in Cause No. 26,245-A.

                                      Respectfully submitted,

                                              JAMES A. FARREN
                                              CRIMINAL DISTRICT ATTORNEY
                                              RANDALL COUNTY, TEXAS

                                              s/ Kristy Wright
                                              KRISTY WRIGHT
                                              SBN: 00798601
                                              kristy.wright@randallcounty.com
                                              Assistant Criminal District Attorneys
                                              Randall County Justice Center
                                              2309 Russell Long Blvd., Suite 120
                                              Canyon, Texas 79015
                                              (806) 468-5570
                                              FAX (806) 468-5566



                          CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

      I hereby certify that the word count of this entire brief is 5142 words.


                                              s/ Kristy Wright
                                              KRISTY WRIGHT




                                         27
                           CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

      I hereby certify that a true copy of the foregoing State’s Brief has been

served on Seth Kretzer, Attorney for Appellant (Jeremy William Amero), by email

at seth@kretzerfirm.com on September 6, 2017.

                                                s/ Kristy Wright
                                                KRISTY WRIGHT




                                      28
