            IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

                               AT JACKSON

                           JANUARY SESSION, 2000
                                                         FILED
                                                           March 7, 2000
STATE OF TENNESSEE,                 *
                                    *                Cecil Crowson, Jr.
                                          No. W1999-01509-CCA-R3-CD
      Appellee,                     *               Appellate Court Clerk
                                    *     LAUDERDALE COUNTY
vs.                                 *
                                    *     Hon. Joseph H. Walker, Judge
JAMES EMMETT MOSES, JR.,            *
a/k/a ALI HAKEM MAHAMMED,           *
                                    *     (Sentencing)
      Appellant.                    *

For the Appellant:                  For the Appellee:
Julie K. Pillow                     Paul G. Summers
Asst. Public Defender               Attorney General and Reporter
Post Office Box 700
Somerville, TN 38068                Tara B. Hinkle
                                    Assistant Attorney General
                                    Criminal Justice Division
                                    425 Fifth Avenue North
Gary F. Antrican                    2d Floor, Cordell Hull Building
District Public Defender            Nashville, TN 37243-0493


                                    Elizabeth T. Rice
                                    District Attorney General

                                    Tracey A. Brewer
                                    Asst. District Attorney General
                                    302 Market Street
                                    Somerville, TN 38068



OPINION FILED:

AFFIRMED



David G. Hayes, Judge
                                                      OPINION

         The appellant, James Emmett Moses, Jr., a/k/a Ali Hakem Mahammed,

appeals the sentencing decision of the Lauderdale County Circuit Court following his
guilty pleas to the offenses of one count aggravated burglary, two counts of

robbery, and one count of theft under $500. Following a sentencing hearing, the

trial court imposed an effective sentence of twenty six years imprisonment.1 On
appeal, the appellant challenges the length of the sentences and the imposition of

consecutive sentences.



         Following review, we affirm.



                                                 BACKGROUND
         The appellant’s convictions stem from one continuous criminal episode which

occurred on the afternoon of September 16, 1998, in Halls, Tennessee. Around

3:30 p.m., the appellant approached Neal Dyer and demanded his money. Mr. Dyer

handed the appellant $102 and the appellant fled in his vehicle. This incident

resulted in the appellant’s charge for theft.



         Around 4:40 p.m., the appellant entered the residence of Doris and Jack

Henderson under the pretense that he needed to use their telephone. Immediately
upon entering the residence, he grabbed Mrs. Henderson, putting his hand over her

mouth, telling her that he had a gun and he was going to kill her. After moving into

the kitchen with his victim, the appellant threw Mrs. Henderson onto the floor and
“beat [her] across the head and the back.” The appellant then took an

undetermined amount of money from Mrs. Henderson’s purse. At this point, Mr.

Henderson entered his home and was grabbed by the appellant. After being
“push[ed] and shov[ed] around,” the appellant began “hollering” at Mr. Henderson,

“I’ll kill you!” and “I want your money!” Mr. Henderson retrieved his wallet from the

bedroom and handed the appellant the thirty dollars it contained. The appellant

then fled from the residence.


    1
      The appellant’s two thirteen year sentences for robbery were ordered to be served
consecutively for the effective twenty-six year sentence. The appellant’s sentence of twelve years
for aggr avated b urglary and his eleven mon ths twen ty-nine days th eft sente nce we re order ed to
run c onc urre ntly. Ad dition ally, the trial co urt or dere d the effe ctive t wen ty-six ye ar se nten ce in t his
case to run consecutively to outstanding sentences in Dyer County for which the appellant was
serving o n parole a t the time these of fenses were co mm itted.

                                                            2
        The appellant has four prior Class C felony convictions for sale of cocaine,

one Class E felony theft conviction, one misdemeanor theft conviction, three
misdemeanor worthless checks convictions, and a domestic abuse conviction. The

offenses in this case were committed only nine days after the appellant was

released on parole status. The appellant’s TDOC confinement resulted from his
revocation from five Dyer County community correction sentences, the revocation

occurring from drug and/or technical violations. Additionally, the record indicates the

appellant was placed in the Wayne County “boot camp” facility but was removed
from this program due to an assault. The appellant admitted to daily use and

addiction to crack cocaine since he was fourteen years old.



        The twenty-seven year old appellant completed the eighth grade. The

appellant’s adult employment history is essentially non-existent. The appellant

testified at the sentencing hearing that he was under the influence of drugs when he

committed the present offenses and that he committed the offenses to obtain money

to purchase more drugs. He currently serves as a trustee at the county jail. The

appellant accepted responsibility for his crimes and expressed some remorse

toward his victims.




                                             SENTENCING

        The appellant contends that the trial court erred in application of

enhancement factors and the imposition of consecutive sentences. 2 Although the
appellant requests that we conduct a de novo review of his sentences, the request is

frustrated by the lack of a complete record. In imposing a sentence, the trial court is

required to consider “the nature and circumstances of the criminal conduct

involved.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-210(b)(4) (1997). If these “circumstances”
which are contained in the guilty plea are omitted, obviously, we are either



   2
    On appeal, the appellant does not challenge his misdemeanor sentence of eleven months and
twenty-nine days for the ft under $ 500 no r the imp osition of m andato ry conse cutive se ntence s with
the Dyer County convictions.

                                                      3
precluded or handicapped in our de novo review.



        Fortunately at the sentencing hearing, the State presented the testimony of
Doris and Jack Henderson who relayed the “nature and circumstances of the

criminal conduct” regarding three of the offenses. However, the record is slight in

reference to the circumstances of the misdemeanor theft offense involving the victim
Dyer. We have repeatedly and exhaustively held that the failure to include the

transcript of the guilty plea hearings in the record prohibits this court from

conducting a meaningful de novo review. If the appellate record is inadequate, the
reviewing court must presume that the trial court ruled correctly. State v. Ivy, 868

S.W.2d 724, 728 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1993). The obligation of preparing a complete

and adequate record for the issues presented on appeal rests upon the appealing
party. See Tenn. R. App. P. 24(b).



        This court’s review of the length, range, or manner of service of a sentence is

de novo with a presumption that the determination made by the trial court is correct.

Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-401(d) (1997). See also Bingham, 910 S.W.2d at 451-

452. This presumption is only applicable if the record demonstrates that the trial

court properly considered relevant sentencing principles. State v. Ashby, 823

S.W.2d 166, 169 (Tenn. 1991). The burden is on the appellant to show that the
sentence imposed was improper. Id.; State v. Fletcher, 805 S.W.2d 785, 786

(Tenn. Crim. App. 1991); Sentencing Commission Comments, Tenn. Code Ann. §

40-35-401(d). The record reflects that the trial court considered the relevant
principles of sentencing; accordingly, the presumption is afforded.



        The trial court found two enhancement factors applied to each of the felony
offenses: (1) prior history of criminal convictions and (13) felony committed while on

parole.3 The court found no mitigating factors applicable. The trial court determined

that the appellant was a Range III persistent offender based upon his five prior

felony convictions. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-107(a)(1); Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-

35-112(c)(3) (establishing sentencing range for Class C felonies between ten and


   3
     Prior to imposition of the sentences, the trial court noted that enhancement factor (3), the
offense involved more than one victim, seemed to apply; however, as conceded by the State and
the appellant, the trial court did not apply this factor in sentencing the appellant for any of the
presen t offense s.

                                                   4
fifteen years). After weighing the enhancement factors, the trial court imposed a

twelve year sentence for aggravated burglary and thirteen years on each count of

robbery.


       The appellant concedes application of Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-114(13) that

the felony was committed while on parole. However, the appellant contends that the
trial court misapplied enhancement factor (1) regarding prior criminal history based

upon his misdemeanor convictions. The appellant argues that four of the

misdemeanor convictions are not convictions because “no sentence [was] imposed”
as the convictions were disposed of through the “pay[ment of] monies.” This

argument is meritless. The presentence report indicates that the sentence imposed

was the payment of restitution, fines, or costs. The fact that the appellant did not
receive a sentence of incarceration or probation for these misdemeanor convictions

does not remove their validity as convictions.



       Next, he challenges consideration of the domestic violence conviction

because he argues that Tennessee’s criminal code contains “no criminal offense

entitled Domestic Violence.” However, Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-14-109 clearly defines

the offense of domestic violence as a misdemeanor. Finally, this court has held

misdemeanor records sufficient to support application of this enhancement factor.
See e.g., State v. Carter, 908 S.W.2d 410, 413 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1995); State v.

Keel, 882 S.W.2d 410, 419 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994).



       In addition, the appellant admittedly has used illegal drugs since he was

fourteen years old. Considering this criminal behavior and the appellant’s five

misdemeanor convictions, we conclude that enhancement factor (1) was properly
applied. Applying the presumption of correctness to the trial court’s findings, with

two enhancement factors applied to each offense, we conclude that each of the

appellant’s sentences were clearly justified.



       In his final issue, the appellant argues that the sentence of twenty-six years

“is not the least severe measure necessary to protect the public” and that the court

did not consider the appellant’s potential for rehabilitation relying upon State v.

Desirey, 909 S.W.2d 20 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1995) and Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-

                                            5
103(5).4 The decision of whether sentences are ordered to be served consecutively
or concurrently is left to the sound discretion of the trial court. Our review is de novo

and in this case, the presumption of correctness is afforded to the trial court’s
findings.



         A trial court may order sentences to run consecutively if it finds that one or
more of the statutory criteria exists by a preponderance of the evidence. See Tenn.

Code Ann. § 40-35-115(b). The trial court ordered consecutive sentences based

upon its finding that the appellant has an extensive record of criminal activity. See

Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-115(b)(2). In addition to the finding of statutory criteria,

the general principles of sentencing require that the trial court find that the length of

the appellant’s sentence is “justly deserved in relation to the seriousness of the
offense” and “should be no greater than that deserved for the offense committed.”

State v. Lane, 3 S.W.3d 456, 460 (Tenn. 1999) (citing Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-

102(1) and Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-103(2)).



         In this regard, the trial court found:

         [T]he defendant has been convicted of more than one criminal offense
         and that the defendant is an offender whose record of criminal activity
         is extensive, again, that he’s being sentenced for an offense that he
         committed while on parole, just after release from the penitentiary,
         under circumstances where the danger to people in their own home
         was very great.
                And the Court finds that the sentence needs to be reasonably
         related to the severity of the offenses committed and finds that count 3
         should be run consecutive to counts 1 and 2, finding that it’s necessary
         to serve to protect the public or society from further criminal acts by
         those who resort to this kind of criminal conduct which occurred in the
         home of someone. They’re congruent with the principles of
         sentencing, and the Court finds that consecutive sentences are
         reasonably related to the severity of the offense committed.
                Further the Court finds that confinement is necessary to protect
         society from the defendant who has a history of criminal conduct. It is
         further necessary to avoid depreciating the seriousness of these
         offenses, and the measures less restrictive than confinement were
         recently applied to the defendant unsuccessfully.


The appellant’s criminal history consists of ten prior convictions, five felonies and
five misdemeanors. Thus, the record clearly supports that trial court’s findings and

the imposition of consecutive sentences. W e conclude that the aggregate sentence

was warranted in relation to the seriousness of the offenses and was not greater


   4
     Contrary to the appellant’s assertion, the trial court rejected the appellant’s rehabilitative
potential find ing that pas t efforts at re habilitation we re unsu ccess fully applied to him . W e agree .

                                                        6
than that deserved for commission of these offenses.



      Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.




                                  ____________________________________
                                  DAVID G. HAYES, Judge




CONCUR:




_______________________________________
JOE G. RILEY, Judge



_______________________________________
JOHN EVERETT W ILLIAMS, Judge




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