     In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                      TAXATION OF COSTS
                          Rule 54(d)

YANKEE ATOMIC ELECTRIC            )
COMPANY,                          )
                                  )
         Plaintiff,               )
                                  )   No. 13-584 C
    v.                            )
                                  )
THE UNITED STATES,                )   (Senior Judge Merow)
                                  )
         Defendant.               )


MAINE YANKEE ATOMIC               )
POWER COMPANY,                    )
                                  )
         Plaintiff,               )   No. 13-585 C
                                  )
    v.                            )
                                  )   (Senior Judge Merow)
THE UNITED STATES,                )
                                  )
         Defendant.               )


CONNECTICUT YANKEE                )
ATOMIC POWER COMPANY,             )
                                  )
         Plaintiff,               )   No. 13-586 C
                                  )
    v.                            )
                                  )   (Senior Judge Merow)
THE UNITED STATES,                )
                                  )
         Defendant.               )




                              1
I.       Background

       On March 25, 2016, Senior Judge James F. Merow issued an opinion under seal in
these matters, directing the Clerk of Court to enter judgment in favor of plaintiffs Yankee
Atomic Electric Company (“Yankee Atomic”), Maine Yankee Atomic Power Company
(“Maine Yankee”), and Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company (“Connecticut
Yankee”). See Yankee Atomic Elec. Co. v. United States, 125 Fed. Cl. 641 (2016); Nos.
13-584, ECF No. 53; 13-585, ECF No. 51; 13-586, ECF No. 50. Accordingly, on March
28, 2016, the Clerk entered judgment for Yankee Atomic in the amount of
$19,641,072.00, No. 13-584, ECF No. 54; for Maine Yankee in the amount of
$24,583,166.00, No. 13-585, ECF No. 52; and for Connecticut Yankee in the amount of
$32,551,749.00, No. 13-586, ECF No. 51.

        On August 15, 2016, the three plaintiffs filed a joint Memorandum in Support of
Bills of Costs (“Bills of Costs”) in the aggregate amount of $7,014.30. No. 13-584, ECF
No. 63; No. 13-585, ECF No. 59; No. 13-586, ECF No. 59. 1 On September 12, 2016, the
parties filed a joint Stipulation regarding costs (“Stipulation”) in which the parties agree
to a total award of costs in the amount of $7,014.30, 2 with $2,338.10 being awarded to
each plaintiff. No. 13-584, ECF No. 64.

       Rule 54(d) of the Rules of the United States Court of Federal Claims (“RCFC”)
provides that the clerk may tax costs in favor of the prevailing party “to the extent
permitted by law.” The statutes in question are 28 U.S.C. §§ 1821 and 1920 (2000). See
Crawford Fitting Co. v. J.T. Gibbons, Inc., 482 U.S. 437, 445 (1987). The prevailing
party has the burden to establish to the court’s satisfaction that the requested costs are
taxable. Green Constr. Co. v. Kansas Power & Light Co., 153 F.R.D. 670, 675 (D. Kan.
1994). To tax a requested cost, the judge—or the clerk of the court, as the judge’s
designee—must find that the prevailing party has claimed a necessary litigation expense
and that the amount to be taxed is reasonable. Soler v. Waite, 989 F.2d 251, 255 (7th Cir.
1993).

       The following is a summary of the Bills of Costs requested by plaintiffs and
evaluated by the court.




1
  The Bills of Costs and Stipulations filed in the three above-captioned cases are identical. For the sake of brevity,
the undersigned will hereinafter cite only to pleadings filed in Yankee Atomic, Case No. 13-584.
2
 The parties’ stipulation inaccurately states that the parties have stipulated to an award of costs in the amount of
$7,104.30. No. 13-584, ECF No. 64 at 2. Plaintiffs’ joint Memorandum correctly identifies this figure as $7,014.30.
No. 13-584, ECF No. 63 at 2.

                                                           2
II.    Evaluation of the Parties’ Stipulation Regarding Costs

        The court and the clerk have broad discretion to determine the appropriate award
of costs. See Tempest Publ’g, Inc. v. Hacienda Records & Recording Studio, Inc., 141 F.
Supp. 3d. 712, 725-26 (S.D. Tex. 2015). “[I]tems proposed by winning parties as costs
should always be given careful scrutiny.” Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. Kellstrom, 50
F.3d 319, 335 (5th Cir. 1995). Based on these standards, the clerk’s evaluation of
plaintiffs’ Bills of Cost is as follows.

       a.     Fees of the Clerk

        Under 28 U.S.C. § 1920(1), plaintiffs claim $1,200.00 for the filing fees paid to
the clerk, and they have attached supporting documentation to their Bills of Costs. No.
13-584, ECF No. 63 at 2. Plaintiffs each paid $400.00 to file the three consolidated cases
at issue in this litigation. Id.

      Reimbursement of “fees of the clerk” is expressly authorized by 28 U.S.C.
§ 1920(1); therefore, the $1,200.00 plaintiffs paid to file their cases in this court are
allowable.

       b.     Fees of the Reporter for Trial Transcripts

         Under 28 U.S.C. § 1920(2), plaintiffs request $1,382.60 in fees of the reporter for
trial transcripts. Plaintiffs assert that the transcripts were “used extensively in post-trial
briefing.” No. 13-584, ECF No. 63 at 2-3. Plaintiffs represent that this cost was
necessary for the litigation of this case and have supported the requested amount with an
itemized invoice from the court reporting company. No. 13-584; ECF Nos. 63 at 3, 63-2
at 2.

       The clerk may tax the cost of transcripts of court proceedings where: (1) the
transcripts were necessarily obtained for use in the case, and (2) the cost is reasonable.
28 U.S.C. § 1920(2) (2000); Chore-Time Equip., Inc. v. Cumberland Corp., 713 F.2d
774, 781–82 (Fed. Cir. 1983). In general, transcript and reporter fees supported by
itemized invoices from the reporting company speak to the reasonableness of those
charges. Accordingly, the amount of $1,382.60 is allowed as taxable for fees of the
reporter for trial transcripts.

       c.     Fees for Witnesses

       Under 28 U.S.C. § 1821(b), plaintiffs ask the clerk to tax $200.00 for statutory
witness attendance fees. In their Bills of Costs, plaintiffs claim these fees for four
witnesses who testified at trial: Wayne A. Norton, Todd D. Smith, Carla M. Pizzella, and
Elaine R. Richardson. No. 13-584, ECF No. 63 at 5. Plaintiffs state that one witness,

                                               3
Carla M. Pizzella, testified on both days of trial; accordingly, they seek to recover
statutory witness fees for two days of her testimony. Id.

       28 U.S.C. § 1821(b) states that “[a] witness shall be paid an attendance fee of $40
per day for each day’s attendance.” Accordingly, the amount of $200.00 is allowed as
taxable for statutory witness attendance fees.

       e.      Fees for Costs Incident to the Taking of Depositions

        Under 28 U.S.C. § 1920(2), plaintiffs request $4,231.70 for costs related to
obtaining transcripts of the depositions of five fact and expert witnesses. No. 13-584;
ECF Nos. 63 at 3-5, 63-3 at 2-7. Plaintiffs have provided invoices identifying the name
of each deponent and the associated cost. No. 13-584, ECF No. 63-3 at 2-7. Plaintiffs
state that a transcript of the deposition of the government’s expert witness, R. Larry
Johnson, was “necessary for [them] to plan their litigation strategy and to prepare the
case for trial, including, without limitation, preparing effective cross examinations and
authenticating documents.” No. 13-584, ECF No. 63 at 4. Plaintiffs also state that
transcripts of government depositions of four of its own witnesses were necessary “to
plan their litigation strategy and to prepare the case for trial, including, without limitation,
preparing effective direct examinations of these witnesses, and preparing them for
potential cross-examination.” Id. All of the witnesses whose deposition transcripts were
obtained testified at trial. Id.

       In addition to the cost of the transcriptions themselves, plaintiffs seek an award for
several incidental costs, including “exhibits,” “exhibits – color copying,” and “exhibits –
oversized.” No. 13-584, ECF No. 63-3 at 2-7. Plaintiffs also seek an award of $210.00
for a duplicate copy of Mr. Johnson’s deposition transcript, No. 13-584, ECF No. 63-3 at
7, without explanation.

       As noted by plaintiffs, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1920(2), “[c]osts for deposition
transcripts may be awarded if they were necessarily obtained for use in th[e] case.”
Manildra Milling v. Ogilvie Mills, Inc., 76 F.3d 1178, 1184 (Fed. Cir. 1996) (internal
quotation and citation omitted). “[T]he expense of additional copies of transcripts in
electronic or condensed format or of premium delivery must be justified on grounds of
necessity; if incurred for the convenience of counsel, such costs are not taxable.” Dalles
Irrigation Dist., 91 Fed. Cl. at 712 (citing Asphalt Supply Svc. v. United States, 75 Fed.
Cl. 598, 602–03 (2007)); see also Fields v. General Motors Corp., 171 F.R.D. 234, 236
(N.D. Ill. 1997); Nugget Distribs. Coop. of Am., Inc. v. Mr. Nugget, Inc., 145 F.R.D. 54,
58 (E.D. Pa. 1992); Taxation of Costs, Arizona Pub. Serv. Co. v. United States, No. 03-
cv-2832 (Fed. Cl. Dec. 10, 2010), ECF No. 105 at 3 (noting that plaintiff had excluded
from its costs incident to the taking of depositions “the increased per page rate for
expedited delivery, the cost of reproducing exhibits, and the cost of producing ASCII
copies of transcripts”). However, the clerk gives “some deference with respect to the

                                               4
ordering of transcripts of hearings to the litigation judgments made by the experienced
trial counsel.” First Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass’n of Rochester v. United States, 88 Fed. Cl.
572, 600 (2009) (finding all plaintiff’s claimed costs incident to the taking of depositions
as taxable, including those for appearance fees, and additional copies in electronic and
condensed formats).

       In light of the parties’ stipulation, I find that all but $210.00 of plaintiffs’ claimed
fees incident to taking of deposition are allowed. This reduction is for the unexplained
copy of Mr. Johnson’s deposition transcript. Accordingly, $4,021.70 is allowed as
taxable for fees incident to taking of depositions.

   III.      Conclusion

      Based on the foregoing, the costs are taxed in favor of plaintiffs and against
defendant United States as follows:

          Fees of the Clerk                        $   1,200.00
          Court Reporter Fees                      $   1,382.60
          Costs for Deposition Transcripts         $   4,021.70
          Witness Fees                             $     200.00
                                                   ___________
          Total Costs Taxed                        $   6,804.30

          Amount Payable to Each Plaintiff         $     2,268.10




                                                           s/Lisa L. Reyes
                                                           LISA L. REYES
                                                           Acting Clerk of Court




NOTE: Payment will be via 28 U.S.C. § 2517 certification as provided in 28 U.S.C.
§ 2412(c)(1) and forwarded to plaintiffs’ attorney of record.




                                               5
