                        This opinion will be unpublished and
                        may not be cited except as provided by
                        Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

                             STATE OF MINNESOTA
                             IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                   A15-1234

                                 State of Minnesota,
                                    Respondent,

                                         vs.

                                 Daniel Lee Bender,
                                     Appellant.

                                 Filed April 11, 2016
                                      Affirmed
                                  Schellhas, Judge

                            Olmsted County District Court
                              File No. 55-CR-14-5849

Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and

Terry L. Adkins, Rochester City Attorney, Kelly M. Wagner, Assistant City Attorney,
Rochester, Minnesota (for respondent)

Cathryn Middlebrook, Chief Appellate Public Defender, Frank Richard Gallo, Assistant
Public Defender, St. Paul, Minnesota (for appellant)

      Considered and decided by Schellhas, Presiding Judge; Jesson, Judge; and

Klaphake, Judge.*




*
 Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to
Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10.
                         UNPUBLISHED OPINION

SCHELLHAS, Judge

       Appellant challenges his conviction of fifth-degree domestic assault, arguing that

the evidence was insufficient to prove intent. We affirm.

                                         FACTS

       In August 2014, appellant Daniel Lee Bender argued with his wife, J.B., and

grabbed J.B.’s arm, causing her to experience pain. Respondent State of Minnesota charged

Bender with misdemeanor domestic assault-harm, misdemeanor domestic assault-fear, and

disorderly conduct. The district court conducted a bench trial, found Bender guilty of

misdemeanor domestic assault-harm, acquitted Bender of misdemeanor domestic assault-

fear and disorderly conduct, stayed imposition of sentence, and placed Bender on probation

for one year.

       This appeal follows.

                                     DECISION

       Bender frames his challenge as a sufficiency-of-evidence challenge, but he argues

only that the intent element of misdemeanor domestic assault-harm cannot be satisfied by

evidence of a defendant’s general intent to commit the physical act that results in bodily

harm to the victim. We therefore dispense with a pro forma sufficiency-of-evidence

analysis.

       We first note that Bender ignores controlling caselaw that disposes of his argument.

In State v. Fleck, the Minnesota Supreme Court held that “assault-harm, Minn. Stat.

§ 609.02, subd. 10(2) (prohibiting the intentional infliction of bodily harm), is a general-


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intent crime” and that “assault-fear, Minn. Stat. § 609.02, subd. 10(1) (prohibiting an act

done with the intent to cause fear in another of immediate bodily harm or death) is a

specific-intent crime.” 810 N.W.2d 303, 312 (Minn. 2012). In so holding, the supreme

court reasoned in part:

                      The Legislature defined assault-harm as “the intentional
              infliction of . . . bodily harm upon another.” Minn.Stat.
              § 609.02, subd. 10(2). The forbidden conduct is a physical act,
              which results in bodily harm upon another. Although the
              definition of assault-harm requires the State to prove that the
              defendant intended to do the physical act, nothing in the
              definition requires proof that the defendant meant to violate the
              law or cause a particular result. If the Legislature intended to
              require an additional, special mental element, it could have
              defined assault-harm as “an act done with the intent to cause
              bodily harm to another.” This is especially true because the
              Legislature used the phrase “with intent to” when defining
              assault-fear in the same statutory section.

Id. at 309. We repeatedly have applied Fleck’s holding that assault-harm is a general-intent

crime and assault-fear is a specific-intent crime. See, e.g., State v. Dorn, ___ N.W.2d ___,

___, 2016 WL 596118, at *3, *5 (Minn. App. Feb. 16, 2016) (applying Fleck and

concluding that evidence was sufficient to support conviction of first-degree assault (great

bodily harm) where state proved defendant’s general intent to use “some degree of physical

force” against victim); State v. Pederson, 840 N.W.2d 433, 435–36 (Minn. App. 2013)

(applying Fleck and concluding that evidence was sufficient to support conviction of

fourth-degree assault (assault-harm on peace officer) where state proved defendant’s

general intent to kick officer); State v. Klug, 839 N.W.2d 723, 728 (Minn. App. 2013)

(stating that “[d]omestic assault is a general-intent crime, requiring only evidence that a

defendant ‘intended to do the physical act, [not] that the defendant meant to violate the law


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or cause a particular result’” (alteration in original) (quoting Fleck, 810 N.W.2d at 309–

10)).

        Bender does not cite Fleck or its progeny and therefore has forfeited any argument

that Fleck and its progeny is distinguishable from his case. See Rhodes v. State, ___ N.W.2d

___, ___, 2016 WL 626044, at *7 n.7 (Minn. Feb. 17, 2016) (stating that appellant forfeited

issue that was not argued in his brief to supreme court). Even if Bender had not forfeited

the argument that his case is distinguishable from Fleck and its progeny, we conclude that

Bender’s case is not distinguishable. See State v. Peltier, ___ N.W.2d ___, ___, 2016 WL

516732, at *11 (Minn. Feb. 10, 2016) (“Because the statutory definitions of first-degree

child-abuse murder and first-degree domestic-abuse murder have nearly identical

language, we interpret the provisions in a similar fashion.”); Klug, 839 N.W.2d at 728

(stating that Fleck construed language that was “substantively identical” to language of

domestic-assault statute). We reject Bender’s argument that the intent element of

misdemeanor domestic assault-harm cannot be satisfied by evidence of a defendant’s

general intent to commit the physical act that results in bodily harm to the victim.

        Affirmed.




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