                                 Fourth Court of Appeals
                                         San Antonio, Texas
                                    MEMORANDUM OPINION
                                             No. 04-14-00495-CV

                                  IN THE INTEREST OF E.D., a Child

                     From the 407th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas
                                  Trial Court No. 2013-PA-01641
                             Honorable Richard Garcia, Judge Presiding

Opinion by:       Sandee Bryan Marion, Justice

Sitting:          Sandee Bryan Marion, Justice
                  Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice
                  Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice

Delivered and Filed: December 17, 2014

AFFIRMED

           This is an accelerated appeal from the trial court’s judgment terminating appellant’s

parental rights to her son, E.D. On appeal, appellant asserts the evidence is insufficient to support

a finding that termination is in E.D.’s best interest. We affirm.

                                               BACKGROUND

           Only two witnesses testified at trial: Marissa Ortiz, a Texas Department of Family and

Protective Services (“the Department”) supervisor, and Ruth, 1 the child’s great-grandmother.

           Ortiz testified the Department received conservatorship of E.D. in July 2013 because both

E.D. and appellant tested positive for methamphetamines and opiates at the time of his birth in



1
 To protect the identity of the child, we will refer to his great-grandmother by her first name. See TEX. R. APP. P.
9.8(b)(2).
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June 2013. Ortiz said appellant admitted smoking methamphetamine throughout her pregnancy,

and appellant has not completed everything on her service plan. According to Ortiz, appellant said

the child’s alleged father also used drugs. When asked if appellant engaged in any form of service,

Ortiz said appellant engaged in an intake for her individual therapy. Part of appellant’s service

plan required her to engage in drug treatment, which she has not done. By the time of trial, which

occurred on June 26, 2014, appellant had visited with her son only twice, once in November 2013

and once in February 2014.

       Ortiz testified E.D. is currently with Ruth, his maternal great-grandmother, who wishes to

adopt him, and he is “doing wonderful” with her. Ortiz believed termination was in the child’s

best interest because neither parent had demonstrated they could provide a safe and stable home

free from drugs, criminal activity, and domestic violence; or that they are able to maintain their

own mental health care in a manner that would be protective and safe for E.D.

       On cross-examination, Ortiz admitted she supervised E.D.’s caseworker and her

knowledge of the case came, not from personal knowledge, but from her review of the

Department’s records. Ortiz said she had not personally spoken to appellant, but she knew

appellant had tried to contact the caseworker, and they met face-to-face a week before trial because

the caseworker was present when the police were called to remove appellant from Ruth’s

residence. Ortiz said that prior to this event, the caseworker had other contact with appellant where

appellant expressed a desire to do some of her services. Ortiz was aware of appellant’s history of

mental health issues, and the Department referred appellant for individual counseling. However,

Ortiz said appellant was not seeing a doctor. Ortiz did not know about the “romantic status” of

appellant and the child’s alleged father, although she knew they were living on the same property.

Neither parent has paid child support.



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           Ruth testified she began caring for E.D. while he was still in the hospital following his

birth, visiting daily to feed him. She was aware of appellant’s drug use, and she tried to help

appellant by placing her in drug treatment programs. Ruth said, however, appellant continues to

use drugs. Ruth testified about the incident when the police were called to her home about two or

three weeks before trial. She said appellant came to her house, “was all messed up, banging on

my door, trying to come in.” She said appellant weighed eighty-five to ninety pounds. Appellant

had brought another woman with her “to back her up,” and this woman was behind Ruth’s house.

Ruth called the caseworker, who arrived “in a heartbeat,” and made the women leave. Ruth said

appellant and the other woman “took off running, back to [appellant’s] mother.” 2

           The next day, appellant again appeared at Ruth’s house, banging on the door. Ruth called

911, and the police, “seeing that she was all messed [up], put her in the car” and took her to the

hospital. After about four days in the hospital, appellant went back to the alleged father and

resumed taking drugs with him.

           Ruth said she recently received two calls from appellant who was confused about her court

date. Ruth said she told appellant the date of trial, but appellant “was out there on a limb, not

listening to me. She talks in riddles because of the drugs.” 3 Ruth also stated appellant has

schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and has ADHD. Ruth said appellant has seen doctors and taken

medication in the past, but was no longer doing either. Ruth said appellant has been hospitalized

several times for mental issues. According to Ruth, appellant and the child’s father are living

together, and she has asked appellant to leave him, but appellant says she never will.




2
  Ruth also adopted appellant’s brother and two sisters in 2008, but she was unable to adopt appellant because
appellant’s mother’s parental rights had not been terminated. Ruth testified appellant’s mother also uses drugs.
3
    Appellant was not present at trial.

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                                         BEST INTEREST

       A trial court may order termination of the parent-child relationship only if the court finds

by clear and convincing evidence one or more statutory grounds for termination and that

termination is in the child’s best interest. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1), (2) (West 2014);

§ 161.206(a). “‘Clear and convincing evidence’ means the measure or degree of proof that will

produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the truth of the allegations

sought to be established.” TEX. FAM. CODE § 101.007. We review the sufficiency of the evidence

to support the termination of parental rights under the well-established standards for legal and

factual sufficiency of the evidence. See In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 266 (Tex. 2002). There is a

strong presumption that keeping a child with a parent is in the child’s best interest. In re R.R., 209

S.W.3d 112, 116 (Tex. 2006). However, when the court considers factors related to the best

interest of the child, “the prompt and permanent placement of the child in a safe environment is

presumed to be in the child’s best interest.” TEX. FAM. CODE § 263.307(a). In determining whether

a child’s parent is willing and able to provide the child with a safe environment, the court should

consider: (1) the child’s age and physical and mental vulnerabilities; (2) the frequency and nature

of out-of-home placements; (3) the magnitude, frequency, and circumstances of the harm to the

child; (4) whether the child has been the victim of repeated harm after the initial report and

intervention by the Department or other agency; (5) whether the child is fearful of living or

returning to the child’s home; (6) the results of psychiatric, psychological, or developmental

evaluations of the child, the child’s parents, other family members, or others who have access to

the child’s home; (7) whether there is a history of abusive or assaultive conduct by the child’s

family or others who have access to the child’s home; (8) whether there is a history of substance

abuse by the child’s family or others who have access to the child’s home; (9) whether the

perpetrator of the harm to the child is identified; (10) the willingness and ability of the child’s
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family to seek out, accept, and complete counseling services and to cooperate with and facilitate

an appropriate agency’s close supervision; (11) the willingness and ability of the child’s family to

effect positive environmental and personal changes within a reasonable period of time; (12)

whether the child’s family demonstrates adequate parenting skills; and (13) whether an adequate

social support system consisting of an extended family and friends is available to the child. Id.

§ 263.307(b).

       Courts also may apply the non-exhaustive Holley factors to shape their analysis. Holley v.

Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371-72 (Tex. 1976). These include, but are not limited to, (1) the desires

of the child, (2) the emotional and physical needs of the child now and in the future, (3) the

emotional and physical danger to the child now and in the future, (4) the parental abilities of the

individuals seeking custody, (5) the programs available to assist these individuals to promote the

best interest of the child, (6) the plans for the child by these individuals or by the agency seeking

custody, (7) the stability of the home or proposed placement, (8) the acts or omissions of the parent

that may indicate that the existing parent-child relationship is not a proper one, and (9) any excuse

for the acts or omissions of the parent. Id.

       Finally, evidence that proves one or more statutory grounds for termination may constitute

evidence illustrating that termination is in the child’s best interest. In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 28

(Tex. 2002) (holding same evidence may be probative of both section 161.001(1) grounds and best

interest, but such evidence does not relieve the State of its burden to prove best interest). A best-

interest analysis may consider circumstantial evidence, subjective factors, and the totality of the

evidence as well as the direct evidence. In re E.D., 419 S.W.3d 615, 620 (Tex. App.–San Antonio

2013, pet. denied). A trier of fact may measure a parent’s future conduct by his past conduct and

determine whether termination of parental rights is in the child’s best interest. Id.



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       We conclude there is legally and factually sufficient evidence to support the trial court’s

best-interest finding. Appellant has a history of substance abuse and continues to associate with

people who also use drugs. Despite efforts to assist appellant in overcoming her drug use, the

evidence established the drug use continued until shortly before trial commenced. Also, despite

efforts to assist her with her mental health, appellant has not taken the steps necessary to deal with

her mental health issues. Although we do not examine the sufficiency of the evidence in support

of the statutory grounds for termination, we note that appellant’s parental rights were terminated,

in part, because she engaged in conduct that endangered E.D.’s physical or emotional well-being;

she constructively abandoned E.D.; and she failed to comply with provisions of her service plan.

Finally, Ruth has demonstrated a desire to care for E.D. from the moment of his birth, and the child

is doing well with her.

       On this record, we overrule appellant’s issue on appeal and affirm the trial court’s

judgment.

                                                  Sandee Bryan Marion, Justice




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