                               COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


Present: Judges Benton, Humphreys and Senior Judge Overton


CLINTON QUESENBERRY
                                                                     MEMORANDUM OPINION*
v.     Record No. 2637-04-2                                              PER CURIAM
                                                                         APRIL 12, 2005
RICHMOND DEPARTMENT
 OF SOCIAL SERVICES


                  FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF RICHMOND
                               Theodore J. Markow, Judge

                 (Richard G. White, Jr., on brief), for appellant.

                 (Sarah M. Denham, Assistant City Attorney; Herbert H. Jones,
                 Guardian ad litem for the infant child, on brief), for appellee.


       Clinton Quesenberry appeals the trial judge’s decision terminating his residual parental

rights to his son, born January 6, 2000. He contends the evidence was insufficient to support this

decision because the Richmond Department of Social Services failed to make reasonable efforts to

assist him in obtaining services and referrals during his incarceration and inadequately investigated

placement with relatives as an alternative to termination of his parental rights. Upon reviewing the

record and briefs of the parties, we conclude that this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we

summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. See Rule 5A:27.

                                              Background

       We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party below, and we grant

to that evidence all reasonable inferences therefrom. See Logan v. Fairfax County Dep’t of Human

Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 462 (1991). So viewed, the evidence established that


       *
           Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
the child was placed into the custody of the Department two days shy of his second birthday, based

on an emergency removal order. His mother was hospitalized for her mental illness, and

Quesenberry’s whereabouts were unknown.

       Two weeks after the Department obtained custody, Jamie Gray, a foster care worker, spoke

with Quesenberry. Following that contact, an initial foster care plan was prepared with the goal of

placing the child with a relative. The relative under consideration was Quesenberry. As part of the

plan, Quesenberry was asked to complete sixteen parenting group sessions, obtain and maintain

appropriate housing and employment, obtain a substance abuse assessment and any necessary

treatment, provide names of relatives to and cooperate with the Department, sign necessary releases

for the Department, and be responsible for child support and provide income verification. To assist

Quesenberry with meeting these requirements, Gray referred him to service providers in Richmond

and Dublin, where Quesenberry was residing and where the initial foster care plan had been

approved. Quesenberry failed to complete any of these requirements, and he attended only one of

five scheduled visits with the child between January and April of 2002.

       In April 2002, Quesenberry was convicted of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon

and was incarcerated from April 2002 until January 2004. Although services were available in the

facility where Quesenberry was incarcerated, he completed only one substance abuse group and a

class entitled “productive citizenship,” a service not required by the foster care plan. The record

also indicates he contacted the child’s mother the day before trial and asked where he could buy

marijuana.

       During Quesenberry’s incarceration, the Department changed the foster care plan to include

a primary goal of return home, with a concurrent goal of adoption. The Juvenile and Domestic

Relations District Court for the City of Richmond approved that plan. Gray sent numerous letters to

Quesenberry while he was incarcerated. The letters advised Quesenberry to obtain the mandated

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services listed in the initial foster care plan and advised him that he could complete the requirements

in Richmond or Pulaski upon his release from incarceration. Quesenberry did not respond to these

letters. Gray sent another letter advising Quesenberry to contact her upon his release regarding the

plan for the child’s adoption. Two weeks after his release, Quesenberry contacted Gray and

inquired about services and visitation. The Department scheduled two visitations, but Quesenberry

failed to appear for either visitation.

        On May 11, 2004, the juvenile district court terminated Quesenberry’s parental rights.

Although notified of the hearing, Quesenberry failed to appear. Quesenberry appealed to the circuit

court. In June 2004, Gray sent Quesenberry another letter reiterating the services that he needed to

complete and included names and telephone numbers of six different resources in Pulaski County

where he was living. Gray specifically recommended that he participate in a STEP parenting

program and an educational workshop about children with special needs. In her letter, Gray also

informed Quesenberry that she was leaving the Department and that her supervisor, Cheryl

Williams, would assist him until a new social worker was assigned to the case.

        During the time Gray handled the case, she explored whether there were relatives who could

assume the care of the child. Quesenberry’s mother said she could not care for the child but

suggested that Gray contact Quesenberry’s aunt. When initially contacted, Quesenberry’s aunt said

she was not interested. Later, Quesenberry told Gray that his aunt had changed her mind. When

Gray again contacted Quesenberry’s aunt, she was ambivalent about assuming responsibility for the

child. Nevertheless, Gray continued investigating her as a potential relative placement and

conducted a home study. The home study revealed that she is elderly and relies upon her sister and

brother-in-law for transportation and that her brother-in-law is listed in the sexual abuse registry.

Following the home study, the Department did not approve her as a potential relative placement.




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        On July 29, 2004, Quesenberry telephoned Williams and told her he was unaware of what

services he needed to complete in order to be reunited with the child. Williams sent him a letter

reiterating all the information that Gray had sent him in previous letters and the name and telephone

number of the new social worker assigned to his case. As of the circuit court trial date, Quesenberry

had not contacted the social worker.

        At trial, Quesenberry denied receiving any letters from Gray, but acknowledged receiving a

letter from Williams. Quesenberry testified he telephoned Gray and his last social worker several

times but his calls were not returned. He said he would visit the child as often as allowed if he

could get transportation.

                                               Analysis

        When considering termination of a parent’s residual rights to a child, “the paramount

consideration of a trial court is the child’s best interests.” Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d at

463. On review, “[a] trial court is presumed to have thoroughly weighed all the evidence,

considered the statutory requirements, and made its determination based on the child’s best

interests.” Farley v. Farley, 9 Va. App. 326, 329, 387 S.E.2d 794, 795 (1990). “The trial court’s

judgment, when based on evidence heard ore tenus, will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly

wrong or without evidence to support it.” Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d at 463.

        Code § 16.1-283(C)(1) provides in pertinent part that residual parental rights may be

terminated if the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that termination is in the child’s best

interest and that the parent has failed, without good cause, to maintain continuing contact with the

child and to provide for or substantially plan for the child within six months of the child’s placement

in foster care, notwithstanding efforts by agencies to communicate with the parent and to strengthen

the parent-child bond. Code § 16.1-283(C)(2) requires proof by clear and convincing evidence that

(1) termination is in the best interests of the child, (2) “reasonable and appropriate” services have

                                                  -4-
been offered to help the parent “substantially remedy the conditions which led to or required

continuation of the child’s foster care placement,” and (3), despite those services, the parent has

failed, “without good cause,” to remedy those conditions “within a reasonable amount of time not to

exceed twelve months from the date the child was placed in foster care.”

        The evidence supports the trial judge’s findings. Quesenberry failed to maintain contact

with the child or provide for his future, and failed to demonstrate a willingness or ability to alter the

circumstances that necessitated the child’s continued foster placement. The child has been in foster

care more than half of his life. Although Quesenberry claims otherwise, the record proved that the

Department offered him reasonable and appropriate services and that Quesenberry has failed to use

those services. The Department was not required “to force its services upon an unwilling or

uninterested parent.” Harris v. Lynchburg Div. of Soc. Servs., 223 Va. 235, 243, 288 S.E.2d 410,

415 (1982). Without good cause, Quesenberry has been unable or unwilling, within the thirty

months since the child was placed in foster care prior to trial, to remedy substantially the conditions

which led to or required continuation of foster care placement, notwithstanding the reasonable and

appropriate efforts of the Department. “It is clearly not in the best interests of a child to spend a

lengthy period of time waiting to find out when, or even if, a parent will be capable of resuming his

responsibilities.” Kaywood v. Halifax County Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 10 Va. App. 535, 540, 394

S.E.2d 492, 495 (1990). In addition, the record established that the Department investigated placing

the child with relatives and found that either the relatives would not accept responsibility for the

child or could not provide a suitable home environment.

        The record supports the trial judge’s finding that the Department presented clear and

convincing evidence satisfying the statutory requirements of Code § 16.1-283(C)(1) and




                                                  -5-
16.1-283(C)(2) and establishing that termination of Quesenberry’s residual parental rights is in the

child’s best interest. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision. See Rule 5A:27.

                                                                                            Affirmed.




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