MEMORANDUM DECISION
                                                                    Feb 27 2015, 10:26 am
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as
precedent or cited before any court except for the
purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.



ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Florence Anne Briggs
Briggs Law Office
Flora, Indiana



                                             IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In re the Estate of Joyce Hunter                          February 27, 2015
                                                          Court of Appeals Cause No.
Jeffrey Barnes,                                           08A02-1404-ES-273
                                                          Appeal from the Carroll Circuit
Appellant-Intervenor,
                                                          Court; The Honorable Benjamin A.
                                                          Diener, Judge;
        v.                                                08C01-1305-ES-2

Dawn Renee Hunter, and
Regina McKinney,
Appellee-Petitioners.




May, Judge.




Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 08A02-1404-ES-273 | February 27, 2015     Page 1 of 6
[1]   Jeffrey Barnes (Jeffrey) appeals the trial court’s refusal to admit to probate a

      holographic codicil allegedly executed on October 7, 2012.


[2]   We affirm.


                                  Facts and Procedural History
[3]   Joyce Hunter (Joyce) died on February 1, 2013. She was the mother of Jeffrey,

      Dawn Hunter (Dawn), and Regina McKinney (Regina). On May 14, Dawn

      and Regina filed their Petition for Appointment of Co-Personal Representatives

      and for Supervised Administration, alleging Joyce died intestate. On

      November 7, Jeffrey filed a Petition to Probate Will and Petition to Probate

      Holographic Will/Codicil, alleging Joyce executed a will on December 5, 2008,

      and a holographic will or codicil on October 7, 2012. Dawn and Regina filed a

      Motion to Quash the holographic codicil, arguing it did not comply with

      Indiana statutory law regarding the execution of wills.


[4]   The trial court held hearings on January 15, 2014, and February 19. The

      parties presented evidence regarding the 2008 will and the 2012 holographic

      codicil. The 2008 will had been filed with an attorney and was self-proven. In

      its February 19 order, the trial court recognized that will as valid, and it

      appointed Jeffrey and Dawn co-personal representatives, as directed by that

      will.


[5]   The 2012 holographic codicil granted Jeffrey sole ownership of a property he

      alleged he and Joyce bought as joint tenants, but that was recorded as tenants in

      common. The holographic will was purportedly signed by Joyce; Jeffrey;
      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 08A02-1404-ES-273 | February 27, 2015   Page 2 of 6
      Charlotte Callis, Jeffrey’s on-and-off girlfriend; and Josh Bagwell, Joyce’s

      grandson who lived with her. The holographic will had no self-proving clause,

      so Callis and Bagwell signed a document indicating they were present for the

      signing of the 2012 holographic codicil, and they signed the 2012 holographic

      codicil as witnesses at that time.


[6]   As part of its February 19 order, the trial court refused to admit to probate the

      holographic codicil. Jeffrey filed a motion to correct error on March 17, and

      the trial court denied his motion.


                                        Discussion and Decision
[7]   We first note Dawn and Regina did not file a brief. When an appellee does not

      submit a brief, we do not undertake the burden of developing arguments for

      that party. Thurman v. Thurman, 777 N.E.2d 41, 42 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002).

      Instead, we apply a less stringent standard of review and may reverse if the

      appellant establishes prima facie error. Id. Prima facie error is “error at first sight,

      on first appearance, or on the face of it.” Van Wieren v. Van Wieren, 858 N.E.2d

      216, 221 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006).


[8]   The trial court sua sponte made findings of fact and conclusions of law.1 In this

      situation,




      1
       Jeffrey filed a Motion to Correct Error, and the trial court denied it. Jeffrey does not argue the trial court
      erred when it denied his Motion to Correct Error, and our standard of review for appeal of a Motion to
      Correct Error directs us to consider the underlying order, here the order regarding the probation of Joyce’s

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 08A02-1404-ES-273 | February 27, 2015               Page 3 of 6
               the specific findings control our review and the judgment only as to the
               issues those specific findings cover. Where there are no specific
               findings, a general judgment standard applies and we may affirm on
               any legal theory supported by the evidence adduced at trial.
               We apply the following two-tier standard of review to sua sponte
               findings and conclusions: whether the evidence supports the findings,
               and whether the findings support the judgment. Findings and
               conclusions will be set aside only if they are clearly erroneous, that is,
               when the record contains no facts or inferences supporting them. A
               judgment is clearly erroneous when a review of the record leaves us
               with a firm conviction that a mistake has been made. We consider
               only the evidence favorable to the judgment and all reasonable
               inferences flowing therefrom, and we will neither reweigh the evidence
               nor assess witness credibility.
      Trust No. 6011, Lake County Trust Co. v. Heil’s Haven Condominiums Homeowners

      Ass’n, 967 N.E.2d 6, 14 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012).


[9]   The trial court found and concluded:

               7.       Before a written will shall be admitted to probate, the will shall
                        be proved by one (1) or more of the subscribing witnesses, or if
                        all of them are dead, out of the state, or have become
                        incapacitated for any reason since attesting the will, then the
                        will shall be admitted to probate upon proof of the handwriting
                        of the testator or of one (1) of the subscribing witnesses. I.C.
                        29-1-7-9.
               8.       Decedent purportedly executed a codicil to her will on October
                        7, 2012.
               9.       Jeffrey Barnes testified at the hearing held January 15, 2014 and
                        attempted to prove the valid execution of the codicil.




      2008 will and her 2012 alleged holographic will. See In re Paternity of H.H., 879 N.E.2d 1175, 1177 (Ind. Ct.
      App. 2008) (review of motion to correct error includes review of underlying order).



      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 08A02-1404-ES-273 | February 27, 2015             Page 4 of 6
               10.      Jeffrey Barnes is not a competent witness to prove the valid
                        execution of the codicil as he receives interest through the
                        codicil. I.C. 29-1-5-2-(c). [sic]
               11.      Ordinarily, a beneficiary in a will is not a competent witness to
                        the will. [case citations omitted]
               12.      No other witnesses to the codicil testified at the hearing held
                        January 15, 2014 to prove its valid execution.
               13.      Charlotte Callis and Josh Bagwell attempted to prove the valid
                        execution of the October 7, 2012 codicil in a document titled
                        Proof of Holographic Will executed on October 14, 2013 and
                        filed with the Court November 7, 2013.
               14.      Proof of Holographic Will executed on October 14, 2013 and
                        filed with the Court November 7, 2013 was not signed under
                        the penalties of perjury and thus not testimonial evidence
                        sufficient to prove the valid execution of the October 7, 2012
                        codicil.
               15.      The Court determines against the validity [of] the October 7,
                        2012 codicil, or the competency of the proof.
               16.      Pursuant to I.C. 29-1-7-21, the Court refuses the probate of the
                        October 7, 2012 codicil.
       (App. at 5-6.) Under Ind. Code § 29-1-7-20, the “burden of proof is upon the

       contestor” who objects to the probate of a will. Jeffrey argues Dawn and

       Regina did not meet that burden. We disagree.


[10]   Dawn and Regina presented evidence Joyce had suffered a mild stroke and had

       multiple medical issues prior to the execution of the alleged holographic will;

       that one of the witnesses, Callis, might have been personally motivated by

       virtue of her relationship with Jeffrey; and that the other witness, Bagwell,

       might have been personally motivated by virtue of his mental illness and his

       reliance on Joyce. This evidence supports the trial court’s findings and

       conclusions. Jeffrey’s arguments regarding Joyce’s intent and the competency

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 08A02-1404-ES-273 | February 27, 2015   Page 5 of 6
       of the witnesses to the alleged holographic will are invitations for us to reweigh

       the evidence, which we cannot do. See Trust No. 6011, 967 N.E.2d at 14

       (appellate court cannot reweigh evidence on appeal). We accordingly affirm.


[11]   Affirmed.


       Vaidik, C.J., and Friedlander, J., concur.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 08A02-1404-ES-273 | February 27, 2015   Page 6 of 6
