                          STATE OF MICHIGAN

                           COURT OF APPEALS



KENNETH J. SPEICHER,                                               UNPUBLISHED
                                                                   July 21, 2015
              Plaintiff-Appellant,

v                                                                  No. 313158
                                                                   Van Buren Circuit Court
COLUMBIA TOWNSHIP BOARD OF                                         LC No. 11-600562-CZ
TRUSTEES,

              Defendant-Appellee.


Before: SHAPIRO, P.J., and MARKEY and STEPHENS, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

                                        ON REMAND

        Plaintiff appeals by right two trial court orders arising from his underlying claim that
defendant Columbia Township Board of Trustees (Board) violated the Open Meetings Act
(OMA), MCL 15.261 et seq. In our previous opinion, we affirmed the trial court’s denial of
plaintiff’s request to invalidate the Board’s hiring of the township fire chief but reversed its
denial of plaintiff’s motion for costs and attorney fees. Speicher v Columbia Twp Bd of Trustees,
unpublished opinion per curiam of the Court of Appeals, issued February 25, 2014 (Docket No.
313158). The Supreme Court vacated our opinion and remanded for us to reconsider our
attorney fee holding in light of its opinion in Speicher v Columbia Twp Bd of Trustees, 497 Mich
125; 860 NW2d 51 (2014). Speicher v Columbia Twp Bd of Trustees, ___ Mich ___; 859 NW2d
687 (2015) (Docket No. 148999). We again affirm the trial court’s denial of the invalidation of
the hiring, and again reverse and remand with respect to plaintiff’s motion for costs and actual
attorney fees.

                                           I. FACTS

       The facts as described in our previous opinion have not changed and are quoted as
follows:

               In 2010, Columbia Township’s fire chief vacated office. In October 2010,
       to facilitate the hiring of a new chief, the Board appointed a Fire Chief Review
       Committee, comprised of fire chiefs from other jurisdictions and two members of
       the Board. The Committee’s purpose was to interview candidates for fire chief.
       Plaintiff was one of those candidates. The Committee interviewed candidates in a


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       meeting closed to the public. After the closed interviews, the Board held three
       meetings, open to the public, regarding the hiring of the new chief. After those
       open meetings, the Board selected a person other than plaintiff as the new fire
       chief.

               Plaintiff sued the Board, alleging that the hiring process violated the
       OMA, and moved for summary disposition. The trial court ruled that the Board
       violated the OMA and enjoined it from committing further violations. These
       rulings are not challenged on appeal. However, the court refused plaintiff’s
       request to invalidate the Board’s appointment of the new chief, and refused his
       request for court costs and actual attorney fees. [Speicher, unpub op at 1.]

                             II. INVALIDATION OF THE HIRING

       Nothing in the Supreme Court’s remand order indicates that we must reconsider our
affirmance of the trial court’s refusal to invalidate the Board’s hiring of the new chief. See
Speicher, 859 NW2d at 687. Accordingly, we reiterate our previous analysis:

               Plaintiff first argues that the trial court erred by refusing to invalidate the
       Board’s appointment of the new chief. We review a trial court’s decision whether
       to invalidate a decision made in violation of the OMA for an abuse of discretion.
       Morrison v East Lansing, 255 Mich App 505, 520; 660 NW2d 395 (2003). MCL
       15.270(2) provides that:

              [a] decision made by a public body may be invalidated if the public
              body has not complied with the requirements of [MCL 15.263(1),
              (2), and (3)] in making the decision or if failure to give notice in
              accordance with [MCL 15.265] has interfered with substantial
              compliance with [MCL 15.263(1), (2), and (3)] and the court finds
              that the noncompliance or failure has impaired the rights of the
              public under this act.

       Therefore, “[a] court has discretion to invalidate a decision made in violation of
       the OMA if it finds that violation impaired the rights of the public under the
       OMA.” Morrison, 255 Mich App at 520.

               The trial court ruled that the Board’s noncompliance with the OMA had
       not “impaired the rights of the public.” Plaintiff asserts that this ruling was
       erroneous, relying on Menominee Co Taxpayers Alliance, Inc v Menominee Co
       Clerk, 139 Mich App 814; 362 NW2d 871 (1984). In that case,

              [t]he Menominee County Treasurer resigned from that office
              effective as of November 7, 1983. Pursuant to [MCL 168.209,]
              defendants, the Menominee County Clerk, Prosecutor, and Probate
              Judge, came together to appoint a suitable person to replace the
              former Menominee County Treasurer. Defendants met on a single
              occasion to discuss the qualifications required for the Menominee
              County Treasurer. At this gathering, various individuals were


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       discussed concerning their suitability for the treasurer position. In
       the context of discussion of various individuals’ suitability,
       potential conflicts of interest were discussed with regard to various
       potential appointees. No notice of any public meeting was posted
       before defendants came together to discuss and make their
       appointment. The discussion was held in private and was not open
       to the public. As a result of that discussion, defendant Krause,
       County Clerk, was empowered by defendants Jurmu, Prosecutor,
       and Rolfs, Probate Judge, to contact Bernard Lang, an individual
       residing in the county. Defendants unanimously appointed Lang
       the Treasurer of Menominee County. [Id. at 816-817.]

The Menominee Court concluded that “[t]he denial of a public hearing in itself
impaired the rights of the public. We find that, at the time the committee selected
the treasurer, plaintiffs were denied their right to present their views.” Id. at 820.

        Plaintiff relies on the Menominee Court’s statement that “[t]he denial of a
public hearing in itself impaired the rights of the public” in arguing that the
exclusion of the public from the Committee’s interview meeting impaired the
public’s rights. However, plaintiff ignores the Menominee Court’s rationale that
the plaintiffs were “denied their right to present their views” because the only
meeting held by the public body was closed. Therefore, Menominee is
distinguishable from this case because the Board held three open meetings after it
held the closed interview meeting.

         Moreover, we find the trial court’s reliance on Morrison persuasive. In
that case, we considered whether East Lansing’s inclusion of a parking lot on the
site of a community center should be invalidated under the OMA:

       the [Hannah Building Committee (HBC)] failed to provide notice
       of the vast majority of its meetings and although the steering
       committee failed to provide notice of all its meetings, the public
       was not completely excluded from the process. The public was
       invited to speak at three HBC meetings, two planning-commission
       hearings, a work-session meeting of the city council, and the
       March 21, 2000, public hearing held by the city council. Plaintiffs
       and other members of the public expressed their concerns
       regarding the site plan on all those occasions, and each decision-
       making body heard their concerns. At the March 21, 2000, city-
       council meeting, which continued into the early morning hours,
       members of the public, including many of the plaintiffs, and
       council members discussed the proposed plan, including parking
       issues, at length before the council approved the plan. [225 Mich
       App at 521.]

The Morrison Court concluded that, “[u]nder these circumstances, plaintiffs had a
reasonable opportunity to learn about the community-center site plans and to


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       voice their concerns and opposition. Therefore, we cannot say that the trial court
       abused its discretion in refusing to invalidate the plan of development and in
       failing to grant injunctive relief.” Id.

               Plaintiff argues that Morrison is distinguishable because “[t]he Morrison
       court made it clear that the public had plenty of input with respect to” the parking
       and traffic issues. However, in Morrison, the public was invited to three HBC
       meetings, two planning-commission hearings, a work-session meeting of the city
       council, and a public hearing held by the city council. Id. The public was
       excluded from at least 16 HBC meetings and 19 “steering committee” meetings.
       Id. at 508-511. Nonetheless, this Court ruled that, even though the public was
       excluded from a vast majority of the relevant meetings, the seven open meetings
       provided “a reasonable opportunity to learn about the community-center site plans
       and to voice their concerns and opposition.” Id. at 521. In this case, the public
       was excluded from only one meeting – the closed interview – but was invited to
       the three subsequent meetings regarding the hiring of the new chief. Thus, in this
       case, the public had even more opportunity to voice their concerns than did the
       public in Morrison, where this Court declined to reverse the trial court’s denial of
       the plaintiffs’ request to invalidate the public body’s action.

               Alternatively, plaintiff argues that he was entitled to a trial on the issue of
       whether the public’s rights had been impaired. Specifically, plaintiff argues that
       the trial court “needed to examine the qualifications of all of the fire chief
       candidates and hear testimony of Township residents regarding the public interest
       in knowing the qualifications of the rejected candidates to reach a reasoned
       decision regarding impairment of the public rights.” However, a trial court’s
       determination of whether the public’s rights were impaired is not based on the
       relative merit of a public body’s decision, but on the public’s opportunity to
       participate in the public body’s decision-making process. Id. Testimony about
       the qualifications of the candidates and the importance of the position would not
       have furthered the purpose of the OMA, because that testimony would have been
       irrelevant to establish whether the public had access to and a means to obtain
       information about the qualifications of the candidates and the importance of the
       position. Moreover, the trial court possessed the discretion to determine, under
       the undisputed facts, whether the violation in this case impaired the rights of the
       public under the OMA. Id. at 520-521.

              Accordingly, because the trial court properly found that the rights of the
       public were not impaired, it did not abuse its discretion by refusing to invalidate
       the Board’s appointment of the new fire chief. [Spiecher, unpub op at 2-4.]

                        III. COURTS COSTS AND ATTORNEY FEES

        Plaintiff next argues that he was entitled to court costs and attorney fees under MCL
15.271(4). We review a trial court’s denial of a motion for costs and attorney fees for an abuse
of discretion. Keinz v Keinz, 290 Mich App 137, 141; 799 NW2d 576 (2010). MCL 15.271(4)
provides:


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       [i]f a public body is not complying with this act, and a person commences a civil
       action against the public body for injunctive relief to compel compliance or to
       enjoin further noncompliance with the act and succeeds in obtaining relief in the
       action, the person shall recover court costs and actual attorney fees for the action.

        In Speicher, 497 Mich at 128, our Supreme Court considered whether the plaintiff “was
entitled to an award of court costs and actual attorney fees based on his entitlement to
declaratory relief under the OMA.” (Emphasis added). Finding that prior decisions of this
Court had “strayed from the plain language of MCL 15.271(4)[,]” the Supreme Court held that,
to obtain such an award under the statute, a plaintiff must obtain “injunctive relief.” Id.

        In Speicher, the defendant Board changed its monthly scheduled meetings, held in
conjunction with those of its Planning Commission, to quarterly scheduled meetings. Id. at 128-
129. The plaintiff brought suit under the OMA, “alleging that the decision to change the
schedule was not made at an open meeting and that the February and March meetings were
canceled without proper notice in violation of the OMA.” Id. at 129. The plaintiff sought (1) a
declaration that the decision to cancel the regularly scheduled meetings violated the OMA, (2) an
injunction forbidding the Board and Planning Commission from further noncompliance with the
OMA, and (3) if he was successful, court costs and actual attorney fees. Id. at 129-130.

        The trial court granted summary disposition in full to the defendants. Id. at 130. The
plaintiff appealed to this Court, which affirmed in part and reversed in part:1

       The Court of Appeals concluded that while the meeting schedule change was
       properly made at an open meeting, defendants plainly violated the OMA by not
       timely posting the modified schedule. It therefore held that the trial court erred by
       failing to grant declaratory relief to plaintiff on that point. However, the Court of
       Appeals also held that the trial court properly denied injunctive relief for
       defendants’ technical notice violation because “there was no evidence that the
       Commission had a history of OMA violations, there was no evidence that this
       violation was done willfully,” and there was no evidence that the public or
       plaintiff was harmed in any manner. The Court of Appeals therefore ruled that
       “given that the technical nature of this OMA violation resulted in no injunctive
       relief being warranted, plaintiff is not entitled to any attorney fees or costs under
       MCL 15.271(4) on remand.” [Id. at 131 (citations omitted).]

        The plaintiff moved for reconsideration, which this Court granted, vacating the portion of
its opinion regarding attorney fees. Id.; see Speicher v Columbia Twp Bd of Trustees, 303 Mich
App 475; 843 NW2d 770 (2013). This Court, bound by its previous decisions, held that the
plaintiff was entitled to attorney fees under MCL 15.271(4) because he had established that he
was entitled to declaratory relief. Speicher, 497 Mich at 132. This Court opined that it only
reached its decision because it was bound by precedent and, if not so constrained, would hold


1
 See Speicher v Columbia Twp Bd of Trustees, unpublished opinion per curiam of the Court of
Appeals, issued January 22, 2013 (Docket No. 306684).



                                               -5-
that a plaintiff may only obtain attorney fees under the statute if he obtains injunctive relief. Id.
at 132-133. The defendants applied for leave to the Supreme Court. Id. at 133.

        The Supreme Court, considering the meaning of “succeeds in obtaining relief in the
action,” concluded that “court costs and actual attorney fees under MCL 15.271 may only be
awarded when a plaintiff seeks and obtains injunctive relief.” Id. at 134 (emphasis in original).
In other words, the Supreme Court rejected previous decisions of this Court, which held that a
plaintiff was entitled to attorney fees if he obtained any relief, i.e., declaratory relief was
sufficient to obtain such an award. Id. at 143. Although reiterated numerous times throughout
its opinion, the Supreme Court perhaps most articulately stated its holding as follows:

               Our conclusion is reinforced by viewing MCL 15.271 as a whole. The
       statute allows a person to seek injunctive relief to compel compliance or to enjoin
       further noncompliance with the OMA. The statute then provides the proper venue
       in which to commence an action for injunctive relief. And final, the statute allows
       for a person to recover court costs and actual attorney fees for an action against
       the public body for injunctive relief if a person “succeeds in obtaining relief in the
       action.” Thus, as a whole, MCL 15.271 only speaks in terms of an injunctive
       relief and contemplates no other form of relief. [Id. at 141-142 (footnotes
       omitted).]

        In the present case, unlike in Speicher, plaintiff sought and obtained the injunctive relief
described above by the Supreme Court. In Speicher, the plaintiff sought a declaration that a
public body had violated the OMA, as well as an injunction against the body for further
noncompliance with the OMA. Id. at 129-130. The plaintiff eventually obtained the former, but
not the latter, and the Supreme Court held that such success was insufficient to entitle the
plaintiff to court costs and attorney fees under MCL 15.271(4). Id. at 131, 144-145. By contrast,
in the present case, plaintiff sought, and obtained, both a declaration that the Board violated the
OMA and an order enjoining the Board from further noncompliance with the OMA. Thus, under
Speicher, id. at 134, plaintiff sought and obtained injunctive relief, which entitles him to court
costs and attorney fees under MCL 15.271(4).

        Accordingly, we reverse the trial court’s denial of plaintiff’s request for court costs and
attorney fees and remand for calculation of such an award. We affirm the trial court’s denial of
plaintiff’s request to invalidate the hiring. We do not retain jurisdiction.



                                                              /s/ Douglas B. Shapiro
                                                              /s/ Jane E. Markey
                                                              /s/ Cynthia Diane Stephens




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