                                                                 [DO NOT PUBLISH]


            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                   FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT                             FILED
                                                              U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                   ------------------------------------------- ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                     JAN 09 2008
                                No. 06-15598
                                                                 THOMAS K. KAHN
                          Non-Argument Calendar
                                                                       CLERK
                  --------------------------------------------

                   D.C. Docket No. 05-00138-CR-N

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,


                                                   Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                    versus

RICHARD CARL ROWE, III.,

                                                   Defendant-Appellant.

                   -----------------------------------------
              Appeal from the United States District Court
                  for the Middle District of Alabama
                   -----------------------------------------

                            (January 9, 2008)

Before EDMONDSON, Chief Judge, ANDERSON and BARKETT, Circuit
Judges.

PER CURIAM:
      Appellant Richard Carl Rowe III appeals the 60-months’ imprisonment

imposed after his probation was revoked. No reversible error has been shown; we

affirm.

      Pursuant to a plea agreement, Appellant agreed to plead guilty to one count

of a 24-count superseding indictment charging Appellant with aiding and abetting

the transportation of counterfeited securities, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § § 2314

and 2; the government agreed to dismiss the remaining counts. The offense

carried a statutory maximum 10-year term of imprisonment. Appellant’s

guidelines sentencing range -- after the district court granted the government’s

request for a substantial assistance downward departure -- was 0 to 6 months’

imprisonment; a sentence of 36 months’ probation was imposed, and Appellant

was ordered to pay restitution.

      About three months into Appellant’s probation sentence, the United States

Probation Office filed a petition for revocation of Appellant’s probation. Based on

the probation violations charged -- to which Appellant stipulated -- the sentencing

range recommended under Chapter 7 of the United States Sentencing Guidelines

was 8 to 14 months’ imprisonment. The government requested -- and the district

court imposed -- a 60-month sentence. Appellant argues that the district court




                                          2
fashioned an excessive and unreasonable sentence in the light of the sentence

recommended in the guidelines policy statement.

       We review a district court’s decision to exceed the recommended sentencing

range set out in the Chapter 7 guidelines for abuse of discretion.1 See United

States v. Silva, 443 F.3d 795, 798 (11th Cir. 2006). Under 18 U.S.C. § 3565, if a

probationer violates a condition of probation, the district court may, after

considering the factors set out in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a), revoke the sentence of

probation and resentence the defendant under subchapter A.

       Chapter 7 of the guidelines contains policy statements -- one of which

provides recommended ranges of imprisonment upon revocation of probation,

U.S.S.G. § 7B1.4 -- that the district court must consider in determining an

appropriate sentence. These policy statements are advisory and not binding on the

district court. Silva, 443 F.3d at 799 (11th Cir. 2006). And after probation

revocation, the district court also is not restricted by the guidelines range that

applied at the time of the initial sentencing hearing. See United States v. Cook,

291 F.3d 1297, 1300 (11th Cir. 2002). Any sentence may be imposed so long as it

does not exceed the statutory maximum. See United States v. Williams, 425 F.3d


  1
    The government argues that plain error review applies because Appellant made no objection to
his sentence in the district court. We think Appellant’s arguments for an in-range sentence in the
district court preserved this issue for appeal under the abuse of discretion standard.

                                                3
987, 990 n.2 (11th Cir. 2005) (“These revocation guidelines [U.S.S.G. § 7B1.4] are

advisory, and the court can use its discretion in sentencing as long as it does not

exceed the statutory maximum....”).

       That the district court considered the Chapter 7 policy statements and the

section 3553(a) factors in imposing a sentence of 60 months’ imprisonment is

clear from the probation revocation hearing. The district court explained that

Appellant failed to realize the significance of his criminal conduct and would

continue to work the system unless a serious term of imprisonment was imposed.

The district court mentioned explicitly the advisory guideline range of 8 to 14

months and found that range to be insufficient and inappropriate under the

circumstances of Appellant’s case and his probation violations. The sentence

imposed fell within the statutory maximum. On this record, no abuse of discretion

has been shown.2

       AFFIRMED.




   2
     We are unpersuaded by Appellant’s argument that the district court erred in failing to consider
the lesser sentence that would apply had Appellant violated supervised release. Appellant predicates
this argument on his observation that had the alternative sentence of imprisonment been imposed
initially instead of probation, his most recent violations would be supervised-release violations
which, in turn, would be subject to a maximum possible term of three years imprisonment under 18
U.S.C. § 3583. Appellant cites no case law -- and we are aware of none -- that requires the district
court to consider violations of alternative sentences that were never imposed.

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