[Cite as Robirds v. Stidham, 2016-Ohio-5081.]




                             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                                FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                      SCIOTO COUNTY

Misty Robirds                                   :
                                                :
        Plaintiff-Appellee,                     :   Case No. 16CA3749
                                                :
        v.                                      :
                                                :
Gwen Stidham, et al.                            :   DECISION AND JUDGMENT ENTRY
                                                :
        Defendants-Appellants.                  :
                                                :   RELEASED: 7/15/2016

______________________________________________________________________

                                           APPEARANCES:

Robert R. Dever, Portsmouth, Ohio, for Appellants.

James H. Banks, Dublin, Ohio for Appellee.

______________________________________________________________________

HARSHA, A.J.

        {¶1}    Appellee Misty Robirds filed a motion to dismiss this appeal on the ground

that it is untimely. Robirds argues that the trial court’s 2013 judgment entries became

final when the Appellants dismissed their cross-claims in February 2016, not when the

trial court “reinstated” them in March 2016. Robirds argues that because Appellees

used the date of the trial court’s “reinstated” March entry to calculate their 30-day period

to file their notice of appeal, it is late. Appellants Gwen Stidham and Buba’s Inc. argue

that the March 2016 entry “finalized” the 2013 judgment entries, they filed their notice of

appeal within 30 days of the March 2016 entry, and their appeal is timely. We find that

the February 2016 entry dismissing the cross-claims finalized the 2013 judgment entries
Scioto App. No. 16CA3749                                                                     2


and started the 30-day period for filing the notice of appeal. The trial court’s March 2016

entry “reinstating” the 2013 entries is a nullity. To the extent Appellants seek review of

the trial court’s 2013 entries, Appellants’ notice of appeal is untimely and we dismiss

this appeal for lack of jurisdiction. To the extent Appellants seek review of the March

2106 entry, it is a nullity and therefore not a final, appealable order. We GRANT

Robirds’s motion to dismiss and DISMISS this appeal. We also DISMISS Robird’s cross

appeal.

                                 Procedural Background

       {¶2}   Robirds filed a lawsuit against Stidham and Buba’s Inc. and other

defendants, asserting claims for unlawful eviction, conversion, unjust enrichment, and

conspiracy, and seeking damages as well as attorney fees. Buba’s Inc. filed a cross-

claim against Stidham seeking indemnification. In May 2013 the trial court issued a

decision and judgment entry in which it dismissed all the defendants except Stidham

and Buba’s Inc. The trial court found Stidham liable for wrongful eviction and conversion

and Buba’s Inc. liable for wrongful eviction and for not taking the necessary steps to

allow Robirds to return to the rental property. The trial court also ordered Stidham to

return certain personal property to Robirds and awarded Robirds a monetary judgment

against Stidham and Buba’s Inc. and attorney fees. The entry did not determine the

amount of the attorney fees to be awarded.

       {¶3}   Stidham filed an appeal of the trial court’s May 2013 judgment, but in

September 2013 we issued a decision and judgment entry dismissing the appeal for

lack of a final, appealable order because the trial court had not determined the amount
Scioto App. No. 16CA3749                                                                      3


of attorney fees to be awarded. The trial court held additional proceedings and issued a

judgment entry awarding Robirds $12,415.00 in attorney fees.

       {¶4}   Stidham appealed again. We dismissed Stidham’s second appeal

because Buba’s Inc.’s cross-claim had not been decided. We determined that we lacked

jurisdiction to consider the appeal because of the pending cross-claim. Robirds v.

Stidham, 4th Dist. Scioto App. No. 13CA3576, 2014-Ohio-4256, ¶ 11-13.

       {¶5}   On February 1, 2016, Buba’s Inc. and Stidham filed a notice that

voluntarily dismissed their cross-claims against each other. On March 25, 2016, the trial

court entered the following judgment entry:

              This matter is before this Honorable Court on remand from the
       Court of Appeals to deal with matters that remained open and unresolved
       when the case was appealed. It now appears that the Defendants have
       dismissed the cross claims that they had previously filed.
              It is therefore, ORDERED, ADJUDICATED and DECREED that the
       previous Decision and Judgment Entry of this Court, dated May 15, 2013
       (copy attached), and the Judgment Entry of this Court, dated September
       24, 2013 (copy attached), be reinstated as of the date of this Judgment
       Entry as if Entered on this date and that there is no just cause for delay.
       THIS IS A FINAL APPEALABLE ORDER.

       {¶6}   Stidham and Buba’s Inc. filed their notice of appeal on April 14, 2016 – 73

days after they dismissed their cross-claims and 20 days after the trial court’s

“reinstatement” entry. To preserve her rights, Robirds filed a cross appeal.

                                      Legal Analysis

       {¶7}   Civ.R. 41(A)(1)(a) permits a plaintiff to dismiss his action without order of

the court any time before the commencement of trial unless a counterclaim that cannot

remain pending for independent adjudication has been served by the defendant. Civ. R.

41(C) governs cross-claims and states that the provisions of Civ.R. 41 apply to the
Scioto App. No. 16CA3749                                                                                 4


dismissal of any cross-claim. See Civ.R. 41(C). Dismissals under Civ.R. 41(A)(1)(a) are

self-executing. Wheeler v. Ohio State Univ. Med. Ctr., 4th Dist. Scioto No. 03CA2922,

2004-Ohio-2769, ¶¶ 15-16. Thus, “ * * * the mere filing of the notice of dismissal by the

plaintiff automatically terminates the case without intervention by the court.” Id. quoting

Payton v. Rehberg, 119 Ohio App.3d 183, 191, 694 N.E.2d 1379 (1997); see also

Holschuh v. Newcomb, 11th Dist. Trumbull No. 2010-T-0129, 2011-Ohio-6205

(“Because a Civ.R. 41(A)(1)(a) dismissal is self-executing, ‘the trial court’s discretion is

not involved in deciding whether to recognize the dismissal.’ * * * Hence when a Civ. R.

41(A)(1)(a) dismissal is filed, the time-stamped date on that document is controlling, not

a subsequent court entry.”).

        {¶8}    This case automatically terminated on February 1, 2016, when Stidham

and Buba’s Inc. filed their voluntary dismissal of their cross-claims.1 After Stidham and

Buba’s Inc. dismissed their cross-claims, the prior interlocutory orders became final

judgments. “Once a final judgment existed, the trial court no longer had authority to

revise or vacate its prior orders absent some recognized form of relief such as Civ.R.

60(B).” Wheeler, at ¶ 20. The trial court’s March 25, 2016 judgment entry ordering that

its 2013 judgment entries “be reinstated as of the date of this Judgment Entry as if

Entered on this date” is a nullity. Thus, to the extent Stidham and Buba’s Inc. seek

appellate review of the March 25, 2016 entry, it is not a final, appealable order and we

have no jurisdiction to hear it.” Wheeler, at ¶ 21 (trial court’s dismissal entry was a nullity


1
 Their notice of dismissal was made pursuant to Civ.R. 41(A)(1)(a) even though the entry incorrectly
states it was made “[p]ursuant to Rule 41(B) of the Ohio Civil Rules.” The record shows that the dismissal
was not made pursuant to a motion under Civ.R. 41(B), but was done voluntarily by the cross-claimants
prior to the commencement of trial.
Scioto App. No. 16CA3749                                                                      5


where it was entered after plaintiff’s voluntary dismissal divested the trial court of

authority to subsequently dismiss the case); see also Crowley v. City of Warren, 11th

Dist. Trumbull No. 2002-T-0177, 2003-Ohio-5692; Hohn v. Demer, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga

No. 37967, 1978 WL 218269 (Dec. 7, 1978) (trial court may not indirectly extend the

time for appeal set forth in App.R. 4(A) by reinstating its judgment).

       {¶9}   Because the February 1, 2016 dismissal entry started the 30-day period

for filing a notice of appeal, Stidham and Buba’s Inc. notice of appeal was untimely filed.

App.R. 4(A) imposes a 30-day deadline for a party to file a notice of appeal. This

requirement is jurisdictional. Gary Moderalli Excavating, Inc. v. Trimat Constr., Inc., 4th

Dist. Gallia No. 13CA14, 2015-Ohio-2475, ¶ 8; Bank One v. Salser, 4th Dist. Meigs No.

05CA1, 2005-Ohio-3573 (a court of appeals lacks jurisdiction to review untimely

appeals). Thus, we lack jurisdiction to consider this appeal or the cross appeal.

       {¶10} Appellee’s motion to dismiss is GRANTED. APPEAL AND CROSS

APPEAL DISMISSED.

       {¶11} The clerk shall serve a copy of this order on all counsel of record at their

last known addresses by ordinary mail. IT IS SO ORDERED.

Abele, J. and *Klatt, J.: Concur.

                                                  FOR THE COURT


                                                  _____________________________
                                                  William H. Harsha
                                                  Administrative Judge


*Judge William Andrew Klatt sitting by assignment of The Supreme Court of Ohio in the
Fourth Appellate District.
