Affirmed and Opinion Filed June 6, 2016




                                         S   In The
                                Court of Appeals
                         Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                      No. 05-15-00995-CR

                         RONNIE OGENE MASSEY, JR., Appellant
                                        V.
                            THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

                       On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 4
                                   Collin County, Texas
                           Trial Court Cause No. 004-85841-2014

                              MEMORANDUM OPINION
                         Before Justices Myers, Stoddart, and Whitehill
                                 Opinion by Justice Whitehill
       While evading the police, appellant tried to squeeze through a metal fence and damaged

the bars. He now appeals his conviction for criminal mischief in an amount more than $50 but

less than $500, arguing that there is insufficient evidence that he damaged the fence or that the

damage was more than $50.

       As discussed below, we affirm the trial court’s judgment because (i) the evidence was

sufficient to establish that appellant in fact bent the fence bars, (ii) his intent to do so may be

inferred from his conduct, and (iii) the lay opinion testimony concerning the repair cost was

admitted without objection.
                                         I.     Background

         McKinney police officers Johnny Wade and Mitch Jenkins were called to do a welfare

check at a hospital. Appellant’s wife had taken him to the hospital for a mental evaluation, but

appellant left the hospital.

         The officers found appellant at a car dealership near the hospital. Officer Wade called

out for appellant to stop, but appellant ducked between cars in the lot. Officer Wade finally

found appellant trying to squeeze through a hole in a wrought iron fence by pulling the bars

apart.

         The dealership’s manager, Joe Schmidt, testified that the damaged fence was at the

employee parking lot and no one had previously reported it damaged. Schmidt also testified

about a local fence company’s estimate that it would cost $337.89 to repair the fence.

                                              II. Analysis

A.       Standard of review and applicable law

         We review a sufficiency of the evidence issue under the standard of review stated in

Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (1979). Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 912 (Tex. Crim.

App. 2010). Under the Jackson standard, we review all of the evidence in the light most

favorable to the verdict and determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found the

elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319; Isassi v. State, 330

S.W.3d 633, 638 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010). Although we consider all evidence presented at trial,

we do not reevaluate the weight and credibility of the evidence or substitute our judgment for

that of the fact finder. See Williams v. State, 235 S.W.3d 742, 750 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007).

When the record supports conflicting inferences, a reviewing court must presume that the fact

finder resolved the conflicts in the State’s favor and defer to that determination. Id.




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       A person commits criminal mischief as alleged in this case if, without the effective

consent of the owner, he intentionally or knowingly damages or destroys the tangible property of

the owner. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 28.03 (a)(1).

B.     First Issue: Is the evidence sufficient to establish that appellant damaged the fence
       knowingly or intentionally?

       Appellant’s first issue asserts that there is insufficient evidence that he damaged the fence

because Schmidt had no knowledge of the fence’s prior condition and no one saw appellant bend

the rails. Appellant further argues that even if he caused the bars to bend, there is no evidence

that he intentionally or recklessly caused the damage.

       Contrary to appellant’s arguments, Officer Wade testified that he saw appellant pulling

the fence bars apart as he tried to get through:

       Q. Okay. After you shouted out at him, what, if anything, happened?

       A. He ducked back behind some cars. And at that time, I drew my weapon because I
       didn’t know if he was armed and I thought he was a danger to myself. And I continued
       towards the fence line looking around the vehicles, and when I got at the metal fence is
       when I saw him at the end of the fence trying to squeeze through the fence line.

       Q. Okay. Can you describe to the jury exactly what it is that you saw as you came to that
       fence?

       A. He was in between two of the railings. Half of his body -- he was stuck, and he was
       trying to shimmy himself through when I saw him, and that’s when I radioed that he was
       trying to go through the fence to other officers. We had a bunch of officers in the area.

       Q. Okay. Where were his hands at that point in time?

       A. Just trying to squeeze through. He was trying to get his body through --

       Q. Okay.

       A. -- pulling on the bars trying to get through because he was stuck.

       On cross examination, the officer was asked whether he actually saw appellant push the

metal fence bars apart, and he confirmed that he had.



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       Moreover, Schmidt testified that he never had issues with the fence before, and had never

seen the fence bars bent. After the incident, he discovered that the bars could be bent by hand

because the bars are hollow.

       From the above evidence, the jury could reasonably have concluded that appellant

damaged the fence when he pulled the bars apart as he attempted to wriggle through them.

       The jury could also infer from appellant’s conduct that he acted knowingly or

intentionally. See Patrick v. State, 906 S.W.2d 481, 487 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995) (defendant’s

intent may be inferred from his words, acts, or conduct). Thus, testimony that appellant was

pulling on the fence bars trying to fit through a small hole is sufficient to establish that he

knowingly or intentionally damaged the fence.

       For the above reasons, we resolve appellant’s first issue against him.

C.     Second Issue: Is the lay evidence sufficient to establish the repair costs?

       Appellant’s second issue argues that the evidence is insufficient to prove the repair costs

because Schmidt was not an expert and he relied on hearsay. The evidence about which

appellant complains, however, was admitted without objection.

       When conducting a legal sufficiency review, we consider all evidence, regardless of

whether it was admissible. Winfrey v. State, 393 S.W.3d 763, 767 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013).

Thus, inadmissible hearsay admitted without objection is not denied probative value merely

because it is hearsay. Chambers v. State, 711 S.W.2d 240, 247 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986). Instead,

it is treated like other evidence in that it is capable of sustaining a verdict. Maloy v. State, 990

S.W.2d 442, 445–446 (Tex. App.—Waco 1999, no pet.).

       Here, Schmidt testified that a fence company provided him with an estimate, and based

on that estimate, it would cost $337.89 to repair the fence. Therefore, Schmidt’s lay opinion was




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not unsupported or “off the wall” and thus was sufficient to establish the cost of repair. See

Campbell v. State, 426 S.W.3d 780, 786 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014).

        We thus resolve appellant’s second issue against him.

                                       III. Conclusion

       Having resolved all of appellant’s issues against him, we affirm the trial court’s

judgment.




                                                    /Bill Whitehill/
                                                    BILL WHITEHILL
                                                    JUSTICE



Do Not Publish
TEX. R. APP. P. 47
150995F.U05




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                                       S
                              Court of Appeals
                       Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                      JUDGMENT

RONNIE OGENE MASSEY, JR., Appellant                On Appeal from the County Court at Law
                                                   No. 4, Collin County, Texas
No. 05-15-00995-CR        V.                       Trial Court Cause No. 004-85841-2014.
                                                   Opinion delivered by Justice Whitehill.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee                       Justices Myers and Stoddart participating.

       Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.


Judgment entered June 6, 2016.




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