J-A30018-18


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    ANTHONY JOHN BRUNO,                        :
                                               :
                       Appellant.              :   No. 1639 WDA 2017


             Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence, June 5, 2017,
              in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County,
             Criminal Division at No(s): CP-02-CR-0011115-2016.


BEFORE:      SHOGAN, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and STRASSBURGER*, J.

MEMORANDUM BY KUNSELMAN, J.:                          FILED JANUARY 31, 2019

        Anthony John Bruno appeals from the judgment of sentence, imposing

incarceration of 11 months and 29 days to 23 months and 29 days in the

Allegheny County Jail. This sentence followed a bench trial where the judge

convicted Bruno of attempted robbery,1 conspiracy to commit robbery,2

carrying a firearm without a license,3 and possessing instruments of a crime.4

Bruno challenges only the denial of his suppression motion. We affirm.

        The Commonwealth charged Bruno along with his two accomplices –

Michael Allan Yots and Michael Thomas – and it consolidated their cases. Yots
____________________________________________


1   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 901(a).

2   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 903.

3   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6106(a)(1).

4   18 Pa.C.S.A. § 907(a).
____________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-A30018-18



filed a motion to suppress the Commonwealth’s evidence, which police had

seized following a traffic stop. Primarily, Yots alleged officers had made that

stop without reasonable suspicion. Bruno orally joined in the motion, which

the suppression court denied that same day.

       At the conclusion of the suppression hearing, the judge made the

following findings of fact:

          The Court finds that . . . Officer Greg Bauman received
          information from a gentleman by the name of Regis Zlacki.
          The information [was] . . . that within the next five hours or
          so, an actual robbery and potential homicide was going to
          be committed against an individual by the name of Scott
          Hiwiller.

             Mr. Zlacki indicated that he does know Mr. Hiwiller, and
          he does know Mr. Hiwiller to be involved in, potentially,
          drugs, marijuana. He indicated that the motive of the
          robbery was for purposes of money – the Court could draw
          the inference – Mr. Hiwiller allegedly would have obtained
          by selling and distributing marijuana.

             He gave the police officers specific information with
          regard to the vehicle. He gave specific information with
          regard to the individual that he specifically worked with, and
          that individual was identified as Michael Yots, that they had
          worked together, he had known him, and Mr. Yots was the
          individual that first shared the information with Mr. Zlacki
          with regard to this planned robbery and potential homicide.

             Mr. Zlacki gave specific information that another
          individual by the name of Michael was involved. Although
          he did not know his last name, he described him as having
          . . . a Brett-Keisel-type beard,[5] and ultimately, that
____________________________________________


5 Brett Keisel is a retired, professional football player from the National
Football League. According to his Wikipedia page, Mr. Keisel “played 12
seasons for the Pittsburgh Steelers . . . .” WIKIPEDIA: THE FREE ENCYLCOPEDIA,



                                           -2-
J-A30018-18


          individual is [one of] the defendants in this case, a Mr.
          Michael Thomas.

             [Mr. Zlacki] also indicated there was a third individual
          who was to participate in this. I believed he said he was of
          Italian descent, an Italian-looking individual and he may
          have known - - he said he knew the name as either Bruno
          or Dino or something to that effect, but an Italian name.

             He gave them a specific description of the car that they
          would be in. He gave a specific description with regard to
          the items that would be in the car. That would include, but
          is not limited to, firearms, duct tape, various items that
          would be needed in order to both rob an individual, bind
          them, gag them and ultimately firearms for both threatening
          the individual, as well as killing the individual.

              He gave the specific place that he was to meet them that
          evening. The Shop ‘n Save parking lot in the Russellton area
          is the place where he was to meet them and engage in the
          criminal activity with them.

             The officer, based on that information, believed that a
          felony was in the course of being committed, namely, both
          a robbery and potentially a homicide. Officer Bauman acted
____________________________________________


“Brett Keisel,” available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Keisel (last
visited 1/10/19).

       Prior to Super Bowl XLV, his beard looked like this:




Id.

                                           -3-
J-A30018-18


        upon that information with the intent to stop the vehicle and
        to prevent an ongoing felonious type act. He obtained other
        officers to be involved. He obtained the Pennsylvania State
        Police to be involved from the standpoint of the potential
        victim, Mr. Scott Hiwiller.

           Ultimately, they located a red Jeep Liberty, not a black
        Jeep Liberty, but a newer model Jeep. When he stopped the
        vehicle, three individuals were in the car. He specifically
        described the individuals and where they were sitting in the
        car, and there was a driver that was Michael Thomas in the
        driver’s side seat. He described the front passenger was Mr.
        Anthony Bruno, that the rear-seat passenger . . . behind the
        driver’s side seat, rear seat as Michael Yots, the individual
        [Mr. Zlacki] knew and he worked with and were the
        individuals that he met along the way in the course of
        planning this alleged criminal activity.

           The officers in clear view - - Officer Bauman testified he
        saw duct tape, one of the things that could be used in the
        commission of a crime on its own. It’s not necessarily a
        criminal act, but if used in a manner as described by Mr.
        Zlacki then obviously [it] can be used for criminal purposes.
        He also saw a holster which he was told by Mr. Zlacki they
        would have guns of various type and weapons in the car.

           Based on that, clearly, this Court finds that the officer,
        while there was no traffic violation, had more than a
        reasonable suspicion to stop that vehicle. This Court would
        hold that it probably went above reasonable suspicion and
        probably even rose to the level of probable cause for the
        purposes of stopping the vehicle.

           Once the vehicle was stopped, based on the items that
        the officer viewed in plain view, he at that point proceeded
        with an investigative detention, which he is permitted to do.
        The purpose of the investigative detention is to do further
        inquiry and investigation.

N.T., 5/8/17, at 152-57.

     After denying suppression, the court of common pleas proceeded to

convict and sentence Bruno, as previously mentioned.      It denied his post-

sentence motions, and this timely appeal followed.

                                    -4-
J-A30018-18



      Bruno listed one issue in his appellate brief. He claims that we should

reverse the denial of suppression, because “the police had neither a

reasonable suspicion that criminal activity was afoot when they performed

that warrantless vehicle stop, nor probable cause for a warrantless arrest.”

Bruno’s Brief at 7. Essentially, Bruno challenges the reliability of Mr. Zlacki,

who reported the impending robbery and murder of Mr. Hiwiller, to serve as

an informant and give rise to reasonable suspicion to pull over Bruno and his

accomplices on their way to rob and possibly to kill Mr. Hiwiller.

      However, this argument flies in the face of our scope of review. Bruno

has, for all intents and purposes, asked this Court to reweigh the credibility of

one the Commonwealth’s witness. This we may not do. See Commonwealth

v. Smith, 177 A.3d 915 (Pa. Super. 2017).

      When reviewing the denial of a suppression motion, the appellate court

may only determine if the record supports the trial court’s factual findings and

whether the legal conclusions drawn therefrom are correct. Id. at 918. We

may consider only the evidence of the Commonwealth and so much of the

evidence   for   the   defense   as   remains   uncontradicted,      because   the

Commonwealth has won below.           Id.    Our review of suppression rulings

includes only the suppression hearing record itself. See In re L.J., 79 A.3d

1073, 1085 (Pa. 2013).

      The suppression court’s legal conclusions are not binding on an appellate

court; rather, our duty is to determine if the suppression court properly

applied the law to the facts. Commonwealth v. Romero, 183 A.3d 364, 377

                                       -5-
J-A30018-18



(Pa. 2018) (internal citation and quotation marks omitted). Because the police

did not obtain a warrant prior to taking the actions at bar, our standard of

review is de novo. Id.

      Here, the suppression court has already conclusively determined that

“Regis Zlacki credibly testified at the suppression hearing that a co-worker,

Mike Yots, asked him to be part of a robbery.” Trial Court Opinion, 5/23/18,

at 3 (citing N.T., 5/8/17, at 10-11). After observing Mr. Zlacki in their police

station or on the witness stand, both the officers and the suppression judge

believed him. Accordingly, there is no basis for this Court to second guess

their in-person impressions from the cold record. Bruno’s claim that Mr. Zlacki

could not be a reliable informant, creating reasonable suspicion and probable

cause, fails at the appellate level.

      Thus, as the learned Judge Philip A. Ignelzi explained in his 1925(a)

Opinion:

              the reasonable suspicion standard is “less stringent” than
           the probable cause standard. Commonwealth v. Cook,
           735 A.2d 673, 676 (Pa. 1999). In order to demonstrate
           reasonable suspicion, the police officer must be able to point
           to specific and articulable facts and reasonable inferences
           drawn from those facts in light of the officer’s experience.
           Id. at 677.

               Likewise, probable cause exists if the facts and
           circumstances within the knowledge of the police officer at
           the time of the arrest are sufficient to justify a person of
           reasonable caution in believing the suspect has committed
           or is committing a crime. Commonwealth v. Rodrigez,
           666 A.2d 292, 295 (Pa. Super. 1995). The Superior Court
           also noted that, “[we] focus on the circumstances as seen
           through the eye of a trained police officer, taking into
           consideration that probable cause does not involve

                                       -6-
J-A30018-18


         certainties, but rather the factual and practical
         considerations of everyday life on which reasonable and
         prudent men act.” Commonwealth v. Santiago, 736 A.2d
         624 (Pa. Super. 1999), citing Commonwealth v. Romero,
         673 A.2d 374, 376 (Pa. Super. 1996) . . .

             In this case, the determination of whether reasonable
         suspicion and/or probable cause to arrest exists would be
         based upon the totality of the circumstances as known by
         Detective Bauman at the time the Defendant was taken into
         custody. This includes the information provided to Detective
         Bauman by Regis Zlacki and the other law enforcement
         officers he spoke to . . .

            Using the totality of the circumstances test, Officer
         Bauman, had more than ample reasonable suspicion, as well
         as probable cause, to arrest Bruno.          As such, the
         suppression court correctly found probable cause existed for
         the Defendant's arrest. The suppression court’s ruling on
         this matter should be upheld.

Trial Court Opinion, 5/23/18, at 9-10.

      We agree. Under the totality-of-the-circumstances test, the officers had

reasonable suspicion to stop the Jeep Liberty and investigate whether its

occupants were committing or about to commit felonies as the known

informant had reported.

      Moreover, we reject Bruno’s proposition that the police did not follow

the vehicle far enough to allow them to stop it, given Mr. Zlacki’s detailed

report to authorities. See Bruno’s Brief at 15. Bruno’s logic is flawed. There

is no limit to his wait-and-see defense, unless the police withhold action until

the Jeep Liberty has parked at the intended victim’s residence. For no matter

how far the officers might have followed it, there would always be a next,




                                     -7-
J-A30018-18



theoretical turn where it could have hypothetically traveled away from Mr.

Hiwiller’s home.

      In fact, even had the officers made this investigatory stop only one block

short of the planned crime scene, Bruno still could have argued that the Jeep

Liberty might have driven past the address and thereby negated all reasonable

suspicion and probable cause. But officers need not wait until they witness a

crime in process or have prima facie evidence of a crime to acquire reasonable

suspicion or probable cause. See Rodriquez, supra. And they also need not

allow felons to come within striking distance of their victims before taking

investigative action. Thus, we conclude that the police did not need to wait-

and-see which direction on State Route 28 the Jeep Liberty traveled before

making this investigatory stop.

      Therefore, the order denying Bruno’s motion to suppress the evidence

against him was appropriate, and his only issue on appeal fails.

      Judgement of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 1/31/2019




                                     -8-
