                                             FILED
                                             15-0292
                                             10/26/2015 5:00:42 PM
                                             tex-7546688
                                             SUPREME COURT OF TEXAS
                                             BLAKE A. HAWTHORNE, CLERK




           NO. 15-0292



             In the
    SUPREME COURT OF TEXAS



        TFO REALTY, LLC,
                 Petitioner,

                V.

         PHILIP S. SMITH
                    Respondent.


RESPONDENT’S BRIEF ON THE MERITS




              Clint Schumacher
                Texas Bar No. 24002914
              Locke Lord LLP
              2200 Ross Avenue, Suite 2200
              Dallas, Texas 75201-6776
              (214) 740-8587 – Telephone
              (214) 740-8800 – Facsimile
              jschumacher@lockelord.com
                                        TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................i

STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION..........................................................................1

ISSUE PRESENTED.................................................................................................1

STATEMENT OF FACTS ........................................................................................1

         A.       The Parties’ Contract.............................................................................2

         B.       The Sale to The City of Dallas ..............................................................3

SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT ........................................................................6

ARGUMENT .............................................................................................................7

         A.       The Plain Language of The Contract ....................................................7

         B.       The Sale to The City of Dallas ..............................................................9

         C.       Submitted to the City of Dallas ...........................................................18

CONCLUSION........................................................................................................20

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE.......................................................................22

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ................................................................................23




                                                           i
                                    INDEX OF AUTHORITIES

                                                                                                         Page(s)
CASES
Burch v. City of San Antonio,
  518 S.W.2d 540 (Tex. 1975) ................................................................................9

Canales v. Laughlin,
  214 W.W.2d 451 (Tex. 1948).............................................................................19

City of Carrollton v. Singer,
   232 S.W.3d 790 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2007, pet. denied)......................11, 12

Coker v. Coker,
  650 S.W.2d 391 (Tex. 1983) ................................................................................7

Garrison v. City of New York,
  88 U.S. 196 (1874)..............................................................................................15

Kohl v. United States,
  91 U.S. 367 (1875)..............................................................................................15

Lundstrom, Inc. v. Nikkei Concerns, Inc.,
  758 P.2d 561 (Wash. App. 1988) .................................................................13, 14

Mealey v. Orlich,
  585 P.2d 1233 (Ariz. 1978) ................................................................................14

Preston v. Carnation Co.,
   Cal. Rptr. 240 (Cal. App. 1961)..........................................................................15

Republic Nat’l Life Ins. Co. v. Spillars,
  368 S.W.2d 92 (Tex. 1963)...................................................................................8

Sonday v. Dave Kohel Agency, Inc.,
   718 N.W.2d 631 (Wis. 2006)..............................................................................16

Tyler v. Seiler,
   136 N.Y.S. 394 (N.Y. Sup. 1912).......................................................................15



                                                         ii
Valence Operating Co. v. Dorsett,
   164 S.W.3d 656 (Tex. 2005) ....................................................................7, 18, 19

Wilson v. Frederick R. Ross Inv. Co.,
   180 P.2d 226 (Colo. 1947)..................................................................................15

CONSTITUTION AND STATUTES
Burke, Law of Real Estate Brokers, 2d ed. §3.3 (1992 & Supp. 2007) ..................16

Dallas City Charter............................................................................................passim

Dallas City Charter Chapter II, Section 1(46) ...........................................................9

Dallas City Charter Chapter III, Section 1...........................................................9, 19

Texas Local Government Code §251.001 ...............................................................11

TEX. LOC. GOV’T CODE §251.001(a) ...................................................................9, 18

TEX. LOC. GOV’T CODE §273.001........................................................................9, 11

Texas Local Government Code sections 251.001(a) and 271.001 ..........................12

Vendor and Purchaser Risk Act (Tex. Prop. Code §5.007).....................................17




                                                         iii
                          STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION
       Jurisdiction in the Supreme Court is not proper.                    This case involves

construction and application of a contract. The pertinent principles of law relied

upon by the decision of the trial court and the Dallas Court of Appeals do not

conflict with any other opinion in this State and the opinion is neither erroneous

nor of significant jurisprudential value to the State of Texas. This case does not

warrant this Court’s attention.

                                    ISSUE PRESENTED
       Petitioner seeks to transmute this case into a question of whether any real

property purchase by a governmental entity is a condemnation. Although the

answer to that question is no, this is not the true issue presented by the case. This

case involves construction and application of a contract. Both the trial court and

the Dallas Court of Appeals correctly analyzed and applied the contract.

                                STATEMENT OF FACTS
       The material and operative facts are undisputed. Petitioner’s statement of

facts is accurate.1 There are some additional facts in the record that further support

the trial court’s judgment.           There are also some factual assertions in the

1
    Mr. Smith notes that Petitioner, TFO Realty, included many of the parties’ legal arguments in
    the statement of facts (pages 5-6 of Petitioner’s Brief on the Merits). These were, of course,
    arguments made by the parties and not operative facts. Nonetheless, the contentions as stated
    by Petitioner appear to be accurate, save one. Petitioner writes that Mr. Smith argued that the
    “transfer” of the subject property from TFO Realty to the City of Dallas was “in essence as
    ‘sale.’” Mr. Smith contends that the “transfer” was a sale (not essentially a sale). It was
    negotiated, it was consensual, and it was transferred by deed. It was a sale.
                                                1
Petitioner’s “Argument” section with which Respondent Mr. Smith disagrees.

Those will be addressed in the following Statement of Facts.

A.    The Parties’ Contract
      Petitioner describes the Exclusive Listing Agreement in its Statement of

Facts. It can be found in the record at pages 107-112 of the Clerk’s Record (“CR”)

and attached hereto as Appendix 1. The term of the Exclusive Listing Agreement

was extended on several occasions. The last extension was dated December 23,

2009, and extended the term of the Exclusive Listing Agreement and the

authorizations given to Mr. Smith thereunder through December 31, 2010. The

final extension to the Exclusive Listing Agreement can be found at CR 113-114.

Paragraph 4 of the Exclusive Listing Agreement provides that, during the term of

the Agreement, “all inquiries and offerings received by Owner with respect to the

Premises, regardless of the source of such inquiries or offerings, and all

negotiations shall be conducted solely by Agent or under Agent’s direction . . . .”

CR 107-108 (emphasis added).

      Paragraph 5 of the Exclusive Listing Agreement provides that “[i]n the event

that . . . (ii) at any time after the expiration or termination of this agreement a sale

of all or any portion of the Premises, upon any terms acceptable to Owner, shall be

made with any purchaser to whom the Premises were submitted by Agent, or by

Owner, or by any other person during the term of this agreement; then, and in


                                           2
either such event, Owner agrees to pay Agent one (1) full commission computed

and payable in accordance with the applicable annexed Schedule.”               CR 108

(emphasis added).

       The Exclusive Listing Agreement contained a Schedule that provides that

the sales commission is to be five percent of the total sales price. The Schedule

further provides, in paragraph 2, that the “commission shall be earned, due and

paid in full at the time of the closing or transfer of title to the property . . . .” CR

111.

B.     The Sale to The City of Dallas
       Within the term of the Exclusive Listing Agreement (on April 16, 2010), Mr.

Todd Wright, a member of the Real Estate group for the City of Dallas, called Mr.

Smith (whose sign was on the Premises) to inquire about the sales price for the

Premises. CR 35 (Affidavit of Mr. Smith ¶4). Mr. Smith promptly reported that

inquiry to Ms. Owen by email the same day. Id.; see also CR 122 (Deposition of

Todd Wright, p. 12, l. 9 – p. 13, l. 13). Mr. Wright assumed (correctly) that Mr.

Smith was a broker for the Premises due to seeing his sign on the Premises. CR

126 (Deposition of Todd Wright, p. 43, l. 25 – p. 44, l. 6); CR 122 (Deposition of

Todd Wright p. 12, l. 18 – p. 13, l. 13).

       By July 2010, the City of Dallas had decided that it wished to acquire a

portion of the Premises for a drainage project. At no time, however, was the use of


                                            3
eminent domain approved to acquire any part of the Premises. Supplemental

Clerk’s Record (“SCR”) 36, 37 (Deposition of Todd Wright, p. 18, l. 14 – p. 22, l.

24). The acquisition by the City was, in their words, “amicable.” SCR 36, 37

(Deposition of Todd Wright, p. 20, l. 25 – p. 22, l. 8) and CR 81.

       Mr. Wright, on behalf of the City, wrote a letter to TFO Realty on July 27,

2010. CR 63. In the letter, Mr. Wright indicated that the City of Dallas was

proceeding with the acquisition of land necessary for a drainage project and that a

portion of the Premises “will be needed for the project” (emphasis added). The

City indicated that it was going to have the property appraised, surveyed, and

inspected by an environmental firm. Through the last part of 2010, the City’s due

diligence process continued. CR 123 (Deposition of Todd Wright, p. 15, l. 23 – p.

17, l. 13).

       When the Exclusive Listing Agreement expired at the end of 2010, Mr.

Smith inquired about extending the agreement as they had done over the course of

the previous nine years. With the City having expressed its intention to acquire a

portion of the Premises and in the midst of its continued due diligence, Ms. Owen

now refused to sign another extension. CR 36 (Mr. Smith Affidavit ¶6).

       By September 2011, TFO Realty and the City had agreed upon terms for the

sale of a portion of the Premises. The transaction was approved by the Dallas City

Council on October 26, 2011. CR 88-96 (certified copy of an October 26, 2011


                                          4
Resolution of the Dallas City Council). The sales price was $3,338,680.00. CR 82-

87 (certified copy of Warranty Deed). This was a materially higher price than the

price initially offered by the City. CR 37. (Deposition of Todd Wright, p. 37, l. 4-

20; City’s initial offer was “2 million and some-odd dollars”).          TFO Realty

transferred title to most of “Tract 2” (as described in the Exclusive Listing

Agreement) to the City of Dallas by Special Warranty Deed dated November 30,

2011. Id. TFO Realty received the negotiated purchase price from the City. CR

51 (Deposition of Todd Wright, p. 30, l. 6 – p. 31, l. 25). This transaction closed at

the title company. CR 51 (Deposition of Todd Wright, p. 30, ll. 10-12).

      The property that the City of Dallas acquired is a portion of the property that

is the subject of the Exclusive Listing Agreement. CR 36 (Mr. Smith’s Affidavit

¶7); CR 48 (Deposition of Todd Wright, p. 7, l. 24 – p. 8, l. 18). Nonetheless,

despite repeated demands for payment and despite Mr. Smith’s many years of

effort to market and sell the subject property, TFO Realty refused to pay Mr. Smith

the commission due under the Exclusive Listing Agreement. CR 36 (Mr. Smith’s

Affidavit ¶7).

      In its “Argument” section, Petitioner asserts that the summary judgment

evidence established that the City of Dallas would have condemned the Petitioner’s

property if no agreement had been reached. Petitioner’s Brief on the Merits, p. 15.

This is incorrect. As the section cited by Petitioner shows, if TFO had refused to


                                          5
sell the property to the City, the City’s representative, Mr. Wright, would have had

to: (i) confirm with the project engineer that they were willing to use the

condemnation power; (ii) “gone through the necessary traps”; and (iii) forwarded

the file to the City attorney’s office. CR 51 (Deposition of Todd Wright, p. 32, l.

21 - p. 33, l. 10); see also SCR 42-43 (Deposition of Todd Wright, p., 45, l. 1 – p.

48, l. 3). None of this happened, because Petitioner agreed (after having the

property on the market for 10 years) to voluntarily sell to the City. There is no

summary judgment evidence as to what might have happened or whether the

Dallas City Council would have chosen to exercise the City’s condemnation power

if Petitioner had not sold.

                       SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT
      The trial court’s judgment and the Court of Appeals’ opinion enforces the

plain language of the parties’ contract. The parties’ agreement is broadly worded

with regard to when a commission is earned. TFO Realty agreed to pay Mr. Smith

a commission upon the sale of all or any part of the subject property. TFO Realty

agreed to pay a commission if the premises were submitted by Mr. Smith, by itself

(TFO Realty), or “by any other person.” All inquiries and offerings were to be

referred to Mr. Smith “regardless of the source.” The City of Dallas acquired the

property by deed in an “amicable” transaction. The City Council never authorized

the use of the City’s eminent domain power to acquire the subject tract. The


                                         6
subject transaction was a sale and a commission was earned under the plain

language of the parties’ contract. TFO invites this Court to rewrite the parties’

contract, to rewrite the Texas Local Government Code, to rewrite the Dallas City

Charter, and to rewrite the City of Dallas Ordinance approving the purchase of this

property. The Court should decline TFO’s invitation.

                                  ARGUMENT

A.    The Plain Language of The Contract
      The construction of an unambiguous contract is a matter of law for the court.

E.g., Coker v. Coker, 650 S.W.2d 391, 393 (Tex. 1983). When the matter can be

resolved by proper construction of an unambiguous document, rendition of

summary judgment is appropriate. See, e.g., id. Neither party claims that the

Exclusive Listing Agreement is ambiguous.

      The primary concern of the court is to ascertain and give effect to the

intentions of the parties as expressed in the instrument. E.g., Valence Operating

Co. v. Dorsett, 164 S.W.3d 656, 662 (Tex. 2005) (emphasis added). To achieve

this objective, the court should examine and consider the entire writing in an effort

to harmonize and give effect to all the provisions of the contract so that none will

be rendered meaningless. Id. Contract terms are given their plain, ordinary, and

generally accepted meanings unless the contract itself shows them to be used in a

technical or different sense. Id. When the language is plain, the contract must be


                                         7
enforced as written. E.g., Republic Nat’l Life Ins. Co. v. Spillars, 368 S.W.2d 92,

94 (Tex. 1963) (emphasis added).

      The operative provisions of the subject contract are clear and plain. In the

initial paragraph, TFO Realty “appoint[ed]” Mr. Smith to act as the “sole and

exclusive agent” to sell the subject property. TFO Realty “grant[ed]” Mr. Smith

the “exclusive right” to sell the subject property. In paragraph 4 of the Agreement,

TFO Realty agreed to refer “all inquiries and offerings received by [TFO Realty]

with respect to the Premises, regardless of the source of such inquiries or

offerings” to Mr. Smith as their agent. (emphasis added). In paragraph 5 of the

Agreement, TFO Realty agreed that “[i]n the event that . . . (ii) at any time after the

expiration or termination of this agreement a sale of all or any portion of the

Premises, upon any terms acceptable to [TFO Realty], shall be made with any

purchaser to whom the Premises were submitted by [Mr. Smith], or by [TFO

Realty], or by any other person during the term of this agreement; then, and in

either such event, [TFO Realty] agrees to pay to [Mr. Smith] one (1) full

commission computed and payable in accordance with the applicable annexed

Schedule.” (emphasis added). The plain language of the contract is broadly

worded to provide Mr. Smith with a commission “for any purchaser” (which would

include governmental entities) regardless of how the purchaser is introduced to the

property.


                                          8
      Further, the Schedule attached to the Exclusive Listing Agreement provides

that the “commission shall be earned, due and paid in full at the time of the closing

or transfer of title to the property . . . .” CR 111 (emphasis added). The TFO

Realty-City of Dallas transaction closed at the title company. CR 51 (Deposition

of Todd Wright, p. 30, ll. 10-12).       However, even if title were transferred

differently, the parties’ agreement provides that a commission is still earned. The

parties’ clear intent was to broadly define events that would earn a commission.

B.    The Sale to The City of Dallas
      Municipalities, such as the City of Dallas, have the authority to “acquire

property . . . by gift, dedication, or purchase, with or without condemnation.” TEX.

LOC. GOV’T CODE §273.001. The City of Dallas, as a home rule city, has its own

Charter. Therein, in Chapter II, Section 1(6), the City has the power to “acquire

property . . . by purchase, gift, devise, lease, or condemnation . . .” (emphasis

added); see also Dallas City Charter Chapter II, Section 1(46) (pertaining to

acquisition for utilities and containing similar language). The cited portions of the

Dallas City Charter are attached in Appendix 2.

      The City of Dallas exercises its powers through the City Council. Dallas

City Charter Chapter III, Section 1. Thus, before the condemnation power can be

exercised, it must be authorized by the Dallas City Council. Id.; TEX. LOC. GOV’T

CODE §251.001(a); see also Burch v. City of San Antonio, 518 S.W.2d 540, 542-43


                                         9
(Tex. 1975) (holding that only the city council of San Antonio could exercise that

city’s power of eminent domain).

      Here, it is undisputed that the City acquired the property by deed. CR 65-70.

The exercise of the condemnation power was never authorized by the Dallas City

Council. Unsurprisingly, a condemnation case was also never filed. The subject

acquisition was a purchase, not a condemnation. A contemporaneous writing by

the City of Dallas real estate group member in charge of the acquisition wrote: “I

am acquiring [the subject property] amicably.” CR 81. The Resolution passed by

the City Council provided: “That the City Manager, and/or the City Manager’s

designees, is hereby authorized and directed to consummate and accept the

purchase, grant, and conveyance to CITY of the PROPERTY INTEREST in and

to the PROPERTY pursuant to the conveyancing instrument [attached].” CR 74

(Resolution of October 26, 2011, Section 3) (emphasis added). Under the various

ways in which the City of Dallas can acquire property, this was a purchase, not a

condemnation.

      Now, taking the facts of this sale to the plain language of the Exclusive

Listing Agreement, it is clear that this is a “sale” of a “portion of the Premises” on

“terms acceptable to Owner” by “any purchaser.”

      TFO Realty’s argument that their agreement to sell the subject property to

the City of Dallas was a taking under eminent domain is legally and factually


                                         10
inaccurate. To accept TFO Realty’s position, the plain language of the Dallas City

Charter providing that there are different ways in which the City may acquire

property (“by purchase, gift, devise, lease, or condemnation”) must be ignored.

Instead, TFO Realty argues that anytime the City of Dallas acquires property it is

by condemnation. TFO Realty’s argument ignores the plain language of Texas

Local Government Code §273.001 (municipalities may acquire property “by gift,

dedication, or purchase, with or without condemnation”). TFO Realty’s argument

also ignores the requirements of the Dallas City Charter and Texas Local

Government Code §251.001 that the Dallas City Council must approve the use of

the City’s eminent domain power.

      TFO Realty’s argument further ignores the plain language of the parties’

agreement, the Exclusive Listing Agreement. Mr. Smith had an exclusive right to

sell the property. All inquiries and offerings were to be referred to him regardless

of source. A commission was earned on a sale to any purchaser. The parties

could have agreed that sales to entities with eminent domain power would not

result in a commission being due, but they did not make that agreement. They

agreed that sales to any purchaser would earn a commission.            Now that a

commission has been earned, TFO Realty seeks to rewrite the agreement.

      TFO Realty’s reliance on City of Carrollton v. Singer is misplaced. The Fort

Worth Court of Appeals in Singer was faced with the question of whether the City


                                        11
of Carrollton was immune to a claim that it had failed to fulfill its obligations

under a land sale contract. The holding of the Court is on page 800 of the opinion

where the Court writes: “we hold that the agreement between the City and the

Singers was a settlement of an eminent domain proceeding in which the Singers

would have a claim against the City for adequate compensation for the City’s

acquisition of their property, and for which the City would not be immune.” City

of Carrollton v. Singer, 232 S.W.3d 790, 800 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2007, pet.

denied). The Singer opinion does not bear upon the contractual language of the

parties in this case. The Singer opinion does not stand for the proposition that the

consensual transaction between the City of Dallas and TFO Realty was not a sale.

The Singer opinion does not abrogate Texas Local Government Code sections

251.001(a) and 273.001 and the Dallas City Charter making clear that the City can

acquire property by purchase or by condemnation. Further, the Singer opinion

does not stand for the proposition that the City of Dallas is not within the circle of

entities described by the “any purchaser” language used in the parties’ Exclusive

Listing Agreement. Further yet, in Singer, the land owner pleads and the court

calls the agreement in that case a “settlement agreement.” It contained obligations

of the City of Carrollton beyond just paying money. The agreement in that case

stands in contrast to the current matter where the transferring instrument is a

standard deed. It contains no obligations to be undertaken by the City of Dallas (it


                                         12
is premised on the purchase price having already been conveyed) and, in fact, is

not even signed by the City of Dallas. The subject transaction falls squarely within

the circumstance in which TFO Realty and Mr. Smith agreed a commission would

be due.    Singer is an immunity case and its result is driven by the policies

applicable to application of governmental immunity. As the Court points out in its

rationale for its opinion, if immunity applied to the City of Carrollton’s purchase,

the door is open for governmental entities to avoid paying compensation for

property by entering into purchase agreements, refusing to pay, and then claiming

immunity. Id. at 800. This is obviously an unwanted result. Also, this rationale

has zero applicability to the present dispute.

      TFO Realty next seeks to avoid the plain language of the parties’ contract by

citing extensively to the Washington Court of Appeals case of Lundstrom, Inc. v.

Nikkei Concerns, Inc., 758 P.2d 561 (Wash. App. 1988). However, Lundstrom, a

case with key factual differences from the present case, does nothing to alter the

plain language of the parties’ agreement or Texas statutory law permitting the City

of Dallas to act as a purchaser without using its eminent domain power. The key

factual distinctions are these:

      •      The parties’ contract in Lundstrom was a “producing cause” contract

             where the agent had to “produce a party who is ready, willing, and

             able to purchase …” (emphasis added). The contract at issue in this


                                          13
            case provides that Mr. Smith is entitled to a commission if a sale is

            “made with any purchaser to whom the Premises were submitted by

            Agent, or by Owner, or by any other person …” (emphasis added).

      •     In Lundstrom, the condemning authority filed condemnation

            proceedings. Here, no proceedings were filed and the Dallas City

            Council never authorized the use of the eminent domain power.

      •     In Lundstrom, the property transferred by a “Stipulation, Judgment,

            and Decree of Appropriation.”       Here, the property transferred by

            Deed.

      •     In Lundstrom, the Court held that the parties’ agreement was “silent

            about a condemnation and should be construed against the drafter,

            Lundstrom.” Here, the parties’ agreement is not silent – it provides

            that a commission is earned on a sale to “any purchaser.”

      TFO Realty also relies on the Arizona case of Mealey v. Orlich, 585 P.2d

1233 (Ariz. 1978). In Mealey, the broker admitted that the language of his contract

would not cover a “condemnation sale.” 585 P.2d at 1234. That is not the case

here. The contract between TFO Realty and Mr. Smith applies to “any purchaser.”

      TFO Realty also cites a California case, Preston v. Carnation Co., where the

property was conveyed by agreement after a condemnation case was filed and,

further, where the broker failed to show that he had procured a “ready, willing, and


                                        14
able” purchaser (a requirement of the brokerage contract at issue in that case)

during the term of the broker’s contract. 16 Cal. Rptr. 240, 242-43 (Cal. App.

1961). The Preston case is distinguishable not only because a condemnation

action was filed, but also because the broker agreement at issue differed materially

from the one before this Court.

      The instrument of transfer in the Colorado case of Wilson v. Frederick R.

Ross Inv. Co., 180 P.2d 226 (Colo. 1947) is not identified in the opinion, although

it is clear that the federal government took possession of property for a military

arms plant and that a condemnation case was filed after the property was occupied

by the government’s contractor. 180 P.2d at 226. For this reason, the case is

distinguishable from the present case as the seller had its property taken. It did not

consensually sell to the government.          However, the opinion in Wilson is

noteworthy when it cites to U.S. Supreme Court opinions and opinions of other

state courts that make clear that there is a distinction between a sale to a

government entity and a condemnation by a government entity. Id. at 256-57

(citing Kohl v. United States, 91 U.S. 367, 374 (1875); Garrison v. City of New

York, 88 U.S. 196, 204 (1874); Tyler v. Seiler, 136 N.Y.S. 394, 395 (N.Y. Sup.

1912)).

      There are several jurisdictions that conclude that a condemnation by a

governmental entity is a “sale” and does earn a broker commission when it fits


                                         15
within the language of the broker’s contract. See, e.g., Sonday v. Dave Kohel

Agency, Inc., 718 N.W.2d 631 (Wis. 2006). A catalog of decisions from other

jurisdictions that reach the same resulted is also included in the Sonday case at

pages 642-44 of that opinion. However, this Court does not need to reach a

decision about whether a condemnation is a sale and, indeed, this is the wrong case

in which to reach that decision. Here, no condemnation occurred. This is why

TFO Realty’s merits argument (as well as its argument as to why this Court should

take jurisdiction over this case) fails. The argument is premised upon the fallacy

that the subject property was condemned. It was not. It was sold, and it was sold

by deed. It closed at a title company. It plainly fits within the language of the

parties’ Exclusive Listing Agreement of when a commission is earned.

      TFO Realty’s reliance on the LAW OF REAL ESTATE BROKERS also falls flat.

The treatise does not, as TFO Realty claims, conclude that it is incumbent for a

broker “to expressly include a taking under eminent domain as a sale.” TFO

Realty’s Brief on the Merits p. 25 (emphasis in brief). Rather, the LAW OF REAL

ESTATE BROKERS catalogs cases noting that, when “a listed property is

condemned,” the seller may have a defense that the broker was not a producing

cause of the sale. BURKE, LAW OF REAL ESTATE BROKERS 2d ed. §3.3 at 3.37-.38

(1992 & Supp. 2007). In the contract before the court, however, Mr. Smith need

not have been a producing cause of the sale. The parties could have chosen to


                                        16
include such a requirement in their agreement. They did not. Rather, the parties’

contract makes Mr. Smith the “sole and exclusive agent” and provides that he

earns a commission if a purchaser buys the property to whom the property was

submitted by “Agent, by Owner, or by any other person.” The LAW            OF   REAL

ESTATE BROKERS does not support re-writing the parties’ contract.

      Similarly, there is nothing in the Vendor and Purchaser Risk Act (TEX.

PROP. CODE §5.007) that bears upon the issues before the Court. The Vendor and

Purchaser Risk Act simply allocates risk between the vendor and purchaser if a

condemnation interferes with passage of title between vendor and purchaser. It

does not speak to the situation at bar and certainly does not rewrite the parties’

agreement.

      The entirety of TFO Realty’s argument is premised on an assumption that

the City of Dallas would have authorized condemnation of the subject tract if TFO

Realty had not agreed to voluntarily sell. The assumption is flawed. If the City

could not reach terms with a buyer who had a “For Sale” sign in their front yard (as

TFO Realty did when the City called), no one knows whether the Dallas City

Council would have authorized the use of eminent domain to acquire the tract.

Indeed, the City’s agent, Mr. Wright, testified that he would have had to have

obtained the consent of the project engineer to even use condemnation. CR 51

(Deposition of Todd Wright, p. 32, l. 21 - p. 33, l. 10); see also SCR 42-43


                                        17
(Deposition of Todd Wright, p., 45, l. 1 – p. 48, l. 3). Of course, the Dallas City

Council would have also had to approve the use of condemnation. Dallas City

Charter Chapter III, Section 1; TEX. LOC. GOV’T CODE §251.001(a). This never

happened.

      Further, even if TFO Realty had refused to sell, and even if the City had

decided to exercise its eminent domain authority, the City could have also decided

to take an easement under the property for the drainage project (instead of buying

the property in fee simple). The bottom line is that no one knows what the City

may have decided to do if the City and TFO Realty had not reached an agreement,

because there was a voluntary sale and the City never had to make the decision

about whether or how to use its condemnation power. Put simply, the City falls in

the category of “any purchaser” and the transaction between the City and TFO

Realty was a “sale.”

C.    Submitted to the City of Dallas
      The Exclusive Listing Agreement provides that a commission is due for a sale

occurring after the term of the agreement that is “made with any purchaser to whom the

Premises were submitted by Agent, or by Owner, or by any other person . . . .” CR 108,

¶5. The term submitted is not defined in the Exclusive Listing Agreement. Thus, it is

appropriate to apply its plain, ordinary, and generally accepted meaning.     Valence

Operating, 164 S.W.3d at 662. As the Dallas Court of Appeals noted in its Memorandum

Opinion, an applicable definition is: “to send or commit for consideration, study, or

                                         18
decision: refer.” WEBSTER’S THIRD NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY 2277 (1981).

This provision is, of course, to be read in conjunction with the entirety of the agreement

to harmonize the parties’ intent. Valence Operating, 164 S.W.3d at 662.

      The undisputed facts are that, during the term of the Exclusive Listing Agreement,

the City of Dallas’ agent, Mr. Wright, saw Mr. Smith’s sign on the property and made

inquiry. CR 35 (Affidavit of Mr. Smith ¶4). Mr. Smith promptly reported that inquiry to

Ms. Owen by email the same day. Id. Mr. Wright, on behalf of the City, also wrote a

letter to TFO Realty on July 27, 2010. CR 63. In that letter, Mr. Wright indicated that

the City would be proceeding with acquisition of land for the drainage project and that a

portion of the Premises would be needed. Id. Also, during 2010, the City had the subject

property appraised. CR 35-36 (Deposition of Todd Wright p. 17, l. 15 – p. 18, l. 3).

      Mr. Wright, though an agent of the City of Dallas, is not the City of Dallas itself.

Mr. Wright was not the buying party. The City of Dallas was the buying party, and the

City acted through its City Council to approve the purchase of property from TFO Realty.

CR 88-96; see also Dallas City Charter Chapter III, Section 1 (all powers granted to City

are exercised through City Council); see c.f. Canales v. Laughlin, 214 S.W.2d 451, 456

(Tex. 1948) (holding that even individual members of a governing body can not bind the

body politic; it must be the governing body acting as a body).

      The subject property was submitted to the City of Dallas in at least three ways

during the term of the Exclusive Listing Agreement: (i) Mr. Wright saw Mr. Smith’s

sign and then called Mr. Smith to make inquiry about the property; (ii) Mr. Wright wrote

a letter expressing the City’s interest in the property; and (iii) the City’s appraiser

                                            19
prepared an appraisal report of the property. This process is like numerous other real

estate deals. A potential buyer starts looking for property and is made aware of a

property through marketing material (here, a real estate sign) or otherwise. The potential

buyer makes contact with the broker. The potential buyer later expresses further interest

in buying the property (here, via letter from Mr. Wright) and does due diligence on the

property. The process in this transaction plainly falls within the scope of the parties’

agreement about when a commission would be earned.

       TFO Realty’s argument, one cannot submit property to itself, completely ignores

the clear intent of the parties as expressed in the Exclusive Listing Agreement – to

broadly define the circumstance under which the real estate broker would earn a

commission. Here, the property could be submitted “by any other person” and the

commission would still be earned. The parties’ intent to broadly define the submission

process is patent. TFO Realty continues to try to interject a “procuring cause” provision

into the Exclusive Listing Agreement that simply does not exist (and, in fact, is contrary

to the clear and expressed intent of the agreement). Further, TFO Realty’s argument adds

a phrase to the contract that is not there: namely, that a buyer cannot submit property to

itself. The property was submitted to the City of Dallas by, at least, Mr. Smith, Mr.

Wright, and the City of Dallas’ appraiser.

                                    CONCLUSION
       For the foregoing reasons, there is no good reason for this Court to grant

review of this case of contract interpretation. Not only is there no conflict among

the courts of appeals requiring correction, the trial court’s and the Dallas Court of
                                             20
Appeals’ contract interpretation is correct. Respondent Mr. Smith prays that the

Court deny TFO Realty’s Petition for Review.




                                      21
                                       Respectfully submitted,

                                       Locke Lord LLP

                                       /s/ Clint Schumacher
                                       Clint Schumacher
                                         Texas Bar No. 24002914
                                       2200 Ross Avenue, Suite 2200
                                       Dallas, Texas 75201-6776
                                       (214) 740-8587 – Telephone
                                       (214) 740-8800 – Facsimile
                                       jschumacher@lockelord.com

                                       ATTORNEYS FOR RESPONDENT
                                       PHILIP S. SMITH


                      CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
       I certify, pursuant to Tex. R. App. P. 9.4(i)(3), that this Respondent’s Brief

on the Merits contains 5,072 words, according to the word count feature of

Microsoft Word, excluding those items properly excluded under Tex. R. App. P.

9.4(i)(1).



                                       /s/ Clint Schumacher
                                       Clint Schumacher




                                         22
                          CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
      I hereby certify that on October 26, 2015, a true and correct copy of the

foregoing Respondent’s Brief on the Merits has been sent to the Court and to

counsel via electronic filing per local Rule 3.A.a., and has been sent via certified

mail, return receipt requested, to counsel of record as follows:

B. Prater Monning III
Wynne & Wynne
137 W. James St.
Wills Point, TX 75169

                                       /s/ Clint Schumacher
                                       Clint Schumacher




                                          23
APPENDIX 1
                         EXCLUSIVE LISTING AGREEMENT



 December 11, 2001


 Philip S. Smith
 Philip S. Smith & Co.
 1901 N. Akard
 Dallas, Texas 75201

 Re:    Approximately 1.34 acres of land, comprised of two tracts, Tract 1 being a
        ground lease with Comerica Bank of approximately 23,000 square feet,
        and Tract 2 being the adjacent undeveloped parcel, containing
        approximately 35,503 square feet, further described on the attached
        Exhibit "A", and referenced in this agreement as, ("the Premises").

 Dear Phil:

 TFO Realty, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (hereinafter "Owner'') hereby
 appoints Philip S. Smith (hereinafter referred to as "Agent") as Owner's sole and
 exclusive agent and grant to Philip S. Smith the exclusive right to sell all or any
 portion of the Premises.

· Agent's appointment as sole and exclusive agent shall be upon the following
  terms and conditions:

 1. The term of this agreement shall commence on the date hereof and continue
    in effect until December 31, 2002.

 2. Agent agrees that it will enlist its best efforts to secure a satisfactory
    purchaser(s) for the Premises and if Agent deems it necessary, will also
    solicit the cooperation of other licensed rear estate brokers.

 3. If it is mutually deemed desirable, Agent shall advertise the Premises or
    portions thereof, prepare signs, site plans, plats, marketing materials and
    brochures, aerials, web sites and/or other forms of advertising, subject to
    Owner's approval and at our expense. All advertising whether prepared or
    issued by Agent or by Owner shall identify Philip S. Smith as exclusive Agent
    for the Premises.

4. During the term of this agreement, Owner will refer to Agent all inquiries and
   offerings received by Owner with respect to the Premises, regardless of the
   source of such in uiries or offerings, and all negotiations shal I be conducted
                                                        rn.                                  ... ~l


                                                      7-i
                   EXHIBIT                                                          --.i·
                                             ·~     ~HIBIT,,   ·. ·.        t.:·~~~.Jrts,~'.!    :..
              I     A
                    ~                        ..
                                             ~
                                                         )b" .
                                                  ·--i _ ?        ~
                                                                            . . .· ·-~··
                                                                            ~
                                                                                         ,...
                                                                                    .. . .. ..
                                                                                                  I
                                                                                                 .fi
                   solely by Agent or under Agent's direction, subject to Owner's review and
                   final approval.

               5. In the event that: (i) at any time during the term of this agreement a sale
                   and/or joint venture of all or any portion of the Premises, upon any terms
                   acceptable to Owner, shall be made with any purchaser, or developer in the
                   event of a joint venture, who was procured by Agent, or by Owner, or by any
                   other person; or (ii) at any time after the expiration or termination of this
                  agreement a sale of all or any portion of the Premises, upon any terms
                  acceptable to Owner, shall be made with any purchaser to whom the
                  Premises were submitted by Agent, or by Owner, or by any other person
                  during the term of this agreement; then, and in either such event, Owner
                  agrees to pay to Agent one (1) full commission computed and payable in
                  accordance with the applicable annexed Schedule. All such commissions
                  shall be payable to Philip S. Smith. Periodically during the term of this
                  agreement and immediately upon termination of the agreement, Agent shall
                  furnish Owner with a written listing of all potential purchasers, developers or
                  others to whom Agent has shown the Premises.

               6. If a licensed real estate broker other than Agent is the effective procuring
                  cause of any sale covered by this agreement, Agent shall use its best efforts
                  to have such other broker agree to be paid a fee by their client and if not,
                  then to accept, as its compensation an equitable portion of the commission
                  payable to Agent pursuant to this agreement, and if such other broker so
                  agrees, Owner will pay to Agent the commission set forth above out of which
                  Agent will pay to such other broker its agreed upon share and retain the
                  balance of the commission as Agent's compensation. In no event shall Agent
                  be liable for the failure to obtain such other broker's agreement to accept, as
                  its compensation, an equitable portion of the commission payable to Agent
                  hereunder.

               7. (a) Owner acknowledges that Agent may represent potential Tenants or
                  Purchasers and Owner hereby consents to such intermediary representation.
                  As a real estate broker who acts as an intermediary in a transaction, Agent (i)
                  shall treat all parties honestly; (ii) may not disclose that the Owner or
                  Landlord will accept a price or lease consideration less than the asking price
                  or lease consideration unless authorized in writing to do so by the Owner or
                  Landlord; (iii) may not disclose that the buyer or tenant will pay a price or
                  lease consideration great~r than the price or lease consideration submitted
                  unless authorized in writing to do so by the buyer or tenant; and (iv) may not
                  disclose any confidential information or any information that a party
                  specifically instructs Agent in writing not to disclose unless authorized in
                  writing to disclose the information or required to do so by the Texas Real
           I
                  Estate Act or by a court order or if the information materially relates to the
\.•.•. , _.J      condition of the property.


                                                                                            Page 108
                 (b) The parties hereto acknowledge that Agent may represent other owners
                 of property located in an area bounded by Leonard Street, Colby Street,
                 Maple-Routh Connection and Woodall Rodgers Freeway and that such
                 representation may result in Agent having a conflict of interests with respect
                to its representation of multiple owners. If Agent represents such owners,
                Agent agrees to enter into agency agreements identical to this agreement
                with such other owners and to fully disclose Agent's representation Of Owner
                and any other such owners in the aforementioned area. Further, Agent
                agrees to disclose to Owner any purchase or joint venture offers received by
                such other owners during the term of this agreement. Agent may also
                disclose to such other owners any purchase or joint venture offers received
                by Owner during the term of this agreement. The parties hereto agree to use
                good faith efforts to resolve any conflicts of interest, which may arise as a
                result of Agent representing Owner and any such other owners of property in
                the aforementioned area.

          8. Owner hereby confirms to you the information appearing on the Property
                Information Report annexed hereto.

          9. This agency shall be binding upon the parties hereto, their respective
                successors and assigns.

          If the foregoing acciJratefy sets forth our agreement, please sign and return the
          enclosed copies of this letter.


                                              Very truly yours,




                                              By:      cu.
                                                 Traci F. Owen, ol
                                                 5949 Sherry Lane
                                                 Suite 1025, LB - 180
                                                 Dallas, Texas 75225

          AGREED AND ACCEPTED:

          PHILl£T~
          By:
          Date:        //7'"~?.
•"---··   Attachment


                                                                                          Page 109
-

                         PROPERTY INFORMATION REPORT


    This Property Information Report is attached to and made a part of the
    Agreement, dated as of December 11, 2001, between Phillip S. Smith, Agent
    and TFO Realty, LLC, Owner, relating to certain real estate commonly known as
    the a 1.34 acres tract of land, further described in Exhibit A, ("the Premises").

    Owner hereby advises Agent as follows with respect to its knowledge of the
    presence of the substances and/or items listed below in, on or about the
    Property.


                 No Knowledge         Not Present        Present       Location




    Owner agrees to disclose to Agent and all prospective purchasers all information
    in its possession regarding the presence at the Property of the substances or
    items listed above, to make available to Agent and all prospective purchasers all
    inspection reports pertaining to the presence of such substances or items and
    that Agent is hereby authorized to disclose to any prospective tenants or
    purchasers any information regarding the presence.of such substances or items.




                                                                                  Page 110
                ..


,,,·····.
                                                 SCHEDULE OF COMMISSIONS



                     1. RATES

                     Five percent (5%) of the total sales price, or in the event of a joint venture, then five
                     percent (5%) of the land value or equity contributed to a joint venture.

                     2. TIME OF PAYMENT

                     The commission shall be earned, due and paid in full at the time of the closing or
                     transfer of title to the property, except, in the case of an installment purchase contract,
                     in which case, the commission shalt be earned, due and paid in full at the time of the
                     execution and delivery of the installment purchase contract by and between the seller
                     and the purchaser.

                     3. COMPUTATION OFTHE SALES PRICE

                 The Commission shall be computed in accordance with the above rate based upon the
                 total sales price, which shall include any mortgages, loans or other obligations of the
                 seller which may be assumed by the purchaser or which the purchaser takes title
                 "subject to any purchase money loans or mortgages taken back by the seller, the
                                0
                                    ,


                 sales price of any fixtures or other personal property sold by separate agreement
                 between the seller and the purchaser as part of the overall sale of real property, and
                 the current market value of any other real or personal property transferred from the
                 purchaser to the seller.

                 4. MISCELLANEOUS

                 The terms "Seller" and "Purchaser" shall be deemed to include any subsidiaries,
                 affiliates, successors, assigns and nominees of same.

                 In the event either party shall commence litigation against the other party to enforce its
                 rights under this agreement and/or schedule, the party prevailing in such litigation shall
                 be entitled to recover .from the other party its reasonable attorney's fees and
                 disbursements thereby incurred.

                 Seller's initials




I           .
\.  ..._)


                                                                                                           Page 111
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                                                                                                                          rvi
APPENDIX2
CHARTER


      city of


DALLAS, TEXAS




   April 2006 Printing
Ch. I, §1                         DALLAS CITY CHARTER                                 Ch. II, §1



                    CHAPTER I. INCORPORATION AND TERRITORY


SEC. 1.       CORPORATION NAME.

       All inhabitants of the City of Dallas, Dallas County, Texas, as the boundaries and limits
of said city are herein established or may hereafter be established, shall be a body politic,
incorporated under, and to be known by, the name and style of the "City of Dallas," with such
powers, rights and duties as herein provided.


SEC. 2.       BOUNDARIES.

       The bounds and limits of the City of Dallas shall be those as established and described in
ordinances duly passed by the city council of the City of Dallas in accordance with state law.
The city secretary shall at all times keep a correct and complete description with recent
annexations or disannexations. (Amend. of 6-12-73, Prop. No. 1; Amend. of 4-2-83, Prop. No.
3)


SEC. 3.     ADDITIONAL TERRITORY.

       The city may from time to time alter its boundaries by annexing or disannexing any
territory adjoining its present or future boundaries in any size or shape desired in any manner
provided by state law. (Amend. of 11-8-05, Prop. No. 12)


                             CHAPTER II. POWERS OF CITY


SEC. 1.       POWERS OF THE CITY.

       The City of Dallas, as such body politic and corporate, shall have perpetual succession
and shall have the following powers:

              (1)     To use a corporate seal.

              (2)     To sue and be sued.




                                                 2
Ch. II, §1                       DALLAS CITY CHARTER                                  Ch. II, §1



               (3)    To implead and be impleaded in all courts.

              (4)   To institute and prosecute suits without giving security therefor, and to
appeal from judgments of the courts without giving supersedeas or cost bonds, other bonds or
security.

               (5)    To contract and be contracted with.

                (6)    To acquire property within or without its boundaries or within the
boundaries of other municipalities for any public purpose, in fee simple or lesser interest or
estate, by purchase, gift, devise, lease, or condemnation; to sell, rent, lease, hold, manage, and
control any property now owned by it or that it hereafter may acquire; and to construct, own,
lease, operate, and regulate public utilities.

               (7)     To assess, levy, and collect taxes for general and special purposes on all
lawful subjects of taxation.

              (8)     To borrow money on the faith and credit of the city by the issue or sale of
bonds, warrants, or notes of the city.

               (9)    To appropriate the money of the city for all lawful purposes.

              (10) To create, provide for, construct, regulate, and maintain public works and
public improvements of any nature.

               (11)   To levy and collect assessments for local improvements.

              (12) To levy an occupation tax on any person, occupation, calling, or business
where permitted under the laws of this state.

                (13) To license and regulate vehicles operated for hire and fix and regulate the
rates to be charged for the use of such vehicles.

               (14) To license and regulate persons, corporations, and associations engaged in
any business, occupation, profession, or trade.

               (15)   To license and regulate all places of public amusement.




                                                3
Ch. II, §1                         DALLAS CITY CHARTER                                    Ch. II, §1



                (41) To contract with public service carriers, common carriers, or private
carriers or with transportation authorities for the furnishing of transportation facilities within the
city limits of Dallas and connecting the adjoining areas; including the joint use of publicly
owned and privately owned or joint publicly owned facilities to provide an interregional
transportation network, both within and without the city limits of Dallas.

                (42) To require any and all railroad companies operating any track upon or
across any public street of the city, to reduce any such track below the level of the streets
intersected or occupied by any such track, or to elevate any such track above the level of the
streets intersected or occupied by any such track, and to require the company or companies
owning or operating any such track to provide necessary and proper crossing for the public travel
at intersecting streets; all such work to be done in the manner required by the city.

                (43) To require any holder of a franchise from the city to allow the use of its
tracks, poles, underground conduits and wires by any other holder to which the city shall grant a
franchise upon payment of a reasonable rental therefor to be fixed by the city council.

                (44) To exercise any of its powers or perform any of its functions and may
participate in the financing thereof, jointly or in cooperation, by contract or otherwise, with the
State of Texas, any county of this state or any of the civil agencies thereof which have any of the
municipal powers, or the United States or any agency thereof.

                 (45) To acquire, construct, or own, within or without the city, either wholly or
in cooperation with any other city, county or political subdivision of the state, an airport or
airports, either by purchase, donation, bequest, eminent domain or otherwise; to provide for the
operation, maintenance, control and financing thereof, the same as though wholly owned by the
city within its city limits.

                (46) To acquire, by purchase, gift or devise, or by the exercise of the right of
eminent domain by and through condemnation proceedings, and own, in fee simple or otherwise,
either public or private property located inside or outside of the corporate limits of the city or
within any county in the state, for the extension, improvement and enlargement of its waterworks
system, including riparian rights, water supply reservoirs, standpipes, watersheds, dams, the
laying, building, maintenance and construction of water mains, rights-of-way in connection
therewith, and the laying, erection, establishment or maintenance of any necessary appurtenances
or facilities which will furnish to the inhabitants of the city an abundant supply of wholesome
water; for sewerage plants and systems; rights-of-way for water and sewer lines; parks,
playgrounds, fire-rescue stations, police stations, airports and landing fields, burial grounds and
cemeteries, incinerators or other garbage disposal plants, electric light and power plants and
rights-of-way for lines in connection therewith, gas plants and rights-of-way for gas lines in




                                               7
Ch. II, §1                         DALLAS CITY CHARTER                                    Ch. II, §1


connection therewith; streets, boulevards and alleys or other public ways; city jails,
prison farms, city halls and other municipal buildings, municipal garages, and parking facilities,
or any rights-of-way needed in connection with any property used for any purpose hereinabove
named; for the straightening or improving of the channel of any stream, branch or drain and for
any other municipal purpose. The procedure to be followed in any condemnation proceedings
hereunder and authorized herein shall be in accordance with the provisions of the state law with
reference to eminent domain. The provisions of Title 52 of the Revised Civil Statutes of Texas
(1925), as amended, or as may hereafter be amended, shall apply to such proceedings, or such
proceedings may be under any other state law now in existence or that hereafter may be passed
governing and relating to the condemnation of land for public purposes by a city.

                (47) To exercise all the powers conferred upon water improvement districts or
water control and preservation districts under the state law as the same now exists or may
hereafter be amended, providing for the exercise of the rights of eminent domain by and through
condemnation proceedings. It shall also have all the powers authorized by Article 7880-126,
Revised Civil Statutes of the State of Texas, as the same presently exists or may hereafter be
amended, and all other powers conferred upon cities and towns in the State of Texas acting
individually or jointly, in the furnishing of an adequate supply of wholesome water. It shall have
authority to sell any surplus water not needed by the City of Dallas.

                 (48) To erect and establish work houses, houses of correction, or rehabilitation
facilities within or without the city limits; to make all necessary rules and regulations therefor; to
employ personnel necessary to manage and control the same; to assign persons confined to the
city jail to any such facility so established.

               (49) To provide a code of ethics by ordinance which shall be binding on all
officers, employees, and elective and appointive officials as provided herein, setting out the acts,
conduct and financial interest which shall be considered to be in conflict with the position they
hold and providing the procedure for enforcing the same. This may be either in addition to, or
incorporated into personnel rules and regulations as pertain to various employees.

               (50) To adopt rules and regulations regarding campaign contributions and
expenditures for city elections.

                 (51) To adopt a disaster emergency preparedness ordinance that provides for
the development and adoption of a comprehensive city emergency management plan, to take
effect in the event of the occurrence or imminent threat of widespread or severe damage, injury,
or loss of life or property resulting from any natural or man-made cause. The comprehensive city
emergency management plan must ensure the continuity of governance. (Amend. of 5-3-97,
Prop. No. 6; Amend. of 11-8-05, Prop. Nos. 4, 6, and 10)




                                                  8
Ch. II, §2                        DALLAS CITY CHARTER                                  Ch. III, §1



SEC. 2.        GENERAL POWERS ADOPTED.

        The enumeration of particular powers in the Charter shall not be held or deemed to be
exclusive, but in addition to the powers enumerated herein, implied thereby or appropriate to the
exercise thereof, the city shall have and may exercise all other powers which under the
Constitution and laws of the State of Texas, it would be competent for the Charter specifically to
enumerate. The city shall have and exercise all the powers conferred upon cities by what is
known as the Home Rule Amendment to the Constitution of the State of Texas and the Enabling
Act relative thereto, passed by the Thirty-third Legislature of the State of Texas, found in the
published laws of said legislature, Regular Session, pages 307 to 317, and effective July 7, 1913,
and all other laws passed by the legislature of the State of Texas, relating thereto, or which may
hereafter be passed by said legislature in relation to such matters.


SEC. 3.        CHARTER REVIEW PROCESS.

         At intervals of not more than 10 years (the first interval to occur not more than 10 years
after adoption of this section), the Charter shall be reviewed by a commission appointed by the
council. The commission shall complete the review and report to the council within one year
after its appointment. Notwithstanding this section, amendments to the Charter may at any time
be framed and proposed as provided by law. (Amend. of 11-8-05, Prop. No. 7)


                               CHAPTER III. CITY COUNCIL


SEC. 1.        COMPOSITION OF CITY COUNCIL.

        Except as otherwise provided by this Charter, all powers conferred on the city shall be
exercised by a city council to be composed of 15 members, nominated and elected in the manner
hereinafter provided unless otherwise provided by law. One member of the city council, Place
15, shall be elected by the qualified voters of the entire city and 14 members by the qualified
voters residing in a particular district, Places 1 through 14 respectively, as provided in Chapter
IV of this Charter. Members of council, Places 1 through 14, shall each be elected for a term of
two years and member of council, Place 15, shall be elected for a term of four years. The city
council members so elected shall take office on the first Monday following the 30th calendar day
after the final canvass of the general election, and they shall serve until their respective
successors have been elected and qualified. (Amend. of 4-3-76, Prop. No. 1; Amend. of 8-12-89,
Prop. No. 1; Amend. of 5-1-93, Prop. No. 1; Amend. of 5-3-97, Prop. No. 7; Amend. of 11-8-05,
Prop. No. 6)




                                                9
