                              STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

                            SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS


State of West Virginia,                                                                FILED
Plaintiff Below, Respondent                                                          January 17, 2014
                                                                                  RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
                                                                                SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
vs) No. 13-0419 (Morgan County 10-F-42)                                             OF WEST VIRGINIA



Shawn E. Hann,

Defendant Below, Petitioner


                                  MEMORANDUM DECISION

        Petitioner Shawn Hann, by counsel Shawn McDermott, appeals the Circuit Court of
Morgan County’s March 4, 2013, order revoking his probation and re-imposing his sentence of
incarceration of one to five years for possession with intent to deliver marijuana and one to fifteen
years for possession with intent to deliver Percocet. The State, by counsel Laura Young, filed a
response, to which petitioner filed a reply. On appeal, petitioner alleges that the circuit court erred
in finding that he violated the terms of his probation by a clear preponderance of evidence and
that he received ineffective assistance of counsel during the probation revocation hearing.

        This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the order of the circuit court is appropriate under Rule
21 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

        On April 13, 2010, petitioner was indicted by the Morgan County Grand Jury on one
count of attempted delivery of marijuana, one count of possession with the intent to deliver
marijuana, one count of possession with the intent to deliver Suboxone, one count of possession
with the intent to deliver Percocet, one count of possession with the intent to deliver lorazepam,
one count of possession with the intent to deliver hydrocodone, and one count of possession with
the intent to deliver Opana. After negotiations, petitioner pled guilty to one count of possession
with the intent to deliver marijuana and one count of possession with the intent to deliver Percocet
in violation of West Virginia Code § 60A-4-401(a). On November 16, 2010, petitioner was
sentenced to a term of incarceration of one to five years for possession with the intent to deliver
marijuana and a consecutive term of incarceration of one to fifteen years for possession with
intent to deliver Percocet. The circuit court then suspended the sentence and placed petitioner on
probation for a period of five years.

       On January 28, 2013, petitioner was arrested and charged in Berkley County with one
count of possession with intent to deliver Xanax, one count of improper vehicle registration, one
count of no proof of automobile insurance, one count of receiving/transferring stolen property,
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and possession of thirty Xanax pills which were not prescribed to him. Shortly after his arrest,
petitioner’s probation officer filed a petition for revocation of probation based upon his arrest, and
further alleged that petitioner had failed to pay his probation supervision fees for twenty-three
months. The circuit court held a probation revocation hearing on March 4, 2013. At the
conclusion of the hearing, the circuit court ruled that petitioner admitted to the allegations in the
petition and revoked petitioner’s probation. The circuit court re-imposed the original sentence
with credit for time served. It is from this order that petitioner appeals.

       On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in finding that the State proved that
he violated his probation by a clear preponderance of the evidence. Petitioner also argues that he
received ineffective assistance of counsel during his probation revocation hearing.

        As an initial matter, we decline to rule upon petitioner’s ineffective assistance of counsel
claims in this direct appeal of the revocation order. We said in Syllabus Point 10 of State v.
Triplett, 187 W.Va. 760, 421 S.E.2d 511 (1992), as follows:

               It is the extremely rare case when this Court will find ineffective assistance
       of counsel when such a charge is raised as an assignment of error on a direct
       appeal. The prudent defense counsel first develops the record regarding ineffective
       assistance of counsel in a habeas corpus proceeding before the lower court, and
       may then appeal if such relief is denied. This Court may then have a fully
       developed record on this issue upon which to more thoroughly review an
       ineffective assistance of counsel claim.

See State v. Smith, 226 W.Va. 487, 493 n.6, 702 S.E.2d 619, 625 n.6 (2010) (“Because we do not
address the defendant's proportionality arguments on the merits--other than concluding that it is
not properly raised on direct appeal--the defendant is not barred from raising that issue in a
petition for writ of habeas corpus ad subjiciendum.”). 1 The record in this case is insufficient to
address the merits of an ineffective assistance of counsel claim.

        The only issue, then, is petitioner’s challenge to the circuit court’s finding that petitioner
violated his probation. Specifically, petitioner argues the circuit court failed to find by a clear
preponderance of the evidence that his arrest violated the laws of West Virginia. See Syl. Pt. 4,
Sigman v. Whyte, 165 W.Va. 356, 268 S.E.2d 603 (1980) (“Where a probation violation is
contested, the State must establish the violation by a clear preponderance of the evidence.”).

       1
           We note that West Virginia Code § 53-4A-1(a) (1967) provides, in part:

       Any person convicted of a crime and incarcerated under sentence of imprisonment
       therefor who contends that there was such a denial or infringement of his rights as
       to render the conviction or sentence void under the Constitution of the United
       States or the constitution of this State, or both . . . may, without paying a filing fee,
       file a petition for a writ of habeas corpus . . . .


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Petitioner argues that merely being arrested is insufficient evidence to prove that he violated the
terms of his probation because an arrest only requires a finding of probable cause, while a
probation violation must be proven by a higher burden of proof, a clear preponderance of the
evidence

        As this Court has previously stated:

                “When reviewing the findings of fact and conclusions of law of a circuit
        court sentencing a defendant following a revocation of probation, we apply a
        three-pronged standard of review. We review the decision on the probation
        revocation motion under an abuse of discretion standard; the underlying facts are
        reviewed under a clearly erroneous standard; and questions of law and
        interpretations of statutes and rules are subject to a de novo review.” Syllabus
        Point 1, State v. Duke, 200 W.Va. 356, 489 S.E.2d 738 (1997).

Syl. Pt. 1, State v. Inscore, 219 W.Va. 443, 634 S.E.2d 389 (2006).

        Upon our review, the Court finds no abuse of discretion in the circuit court’s decision to
revoke petitioner’s probation. West Virginia Code § 62-12-10 (1955) states in part, “[i]f it shall
then appear to the satisfaction of the court or judge that any condition of probation has been
violated, the court or judge may revoke the suspension of imposition or execution of sentence,
impose sentence if none has been imposed, and order that sentence be executed.” The terms and
conditions of petitioner’s probation clearly state that “[petitioner] shall not violate any laws of this
state, any other state, any municipality or the United States.” Here, it is undisputed that petitioner
acknowledged the factual allegations in the State’s motion to revoke his probation. We disagree
with petitioner’s argument that the State did not prove that he violated his probation by a clear
preponderance of the evidence. Petitioner testified that “the charges [were] dropped to a simple
possession I pled to in Berkeley County.” Petitioner’s admission to “simple possession” is a
violation of this State’s laws. Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 60A-4-401 possession of a
controlled substance is a misdemeanor punishable by incarceration of ninety-day to six months in
jail. West Virginia Code § 62-12-10 (1955) clearly authorizes revocation of probation under these
circumstances.2 Therefore, this Court declines to find that the circuit court abused its discretion in
revoking petitioner’s probation.



        2
         Petitioner also argues that the circuit court erred in finding that he willfully failed to pay
his supervision fees. As a term of his probation, petitioner was also required to pay a monthly
probation and community corrections fee. Petitioner points out that “[p]robation may not be
revoked for failure to pay . . . costs . . . unless [] [petitioner’s] failure is contumacious.” Syl. Pt. 2,
in part, Armstead v. Dale, 170 W.Va. 319, 294 S.E.2d 122 (1982). The record is devoid of any
testimony that indicates that petitioner’s failure to pay these fees prior to the revocation hearing
was contumacious and prior to the revocation hearing, petitioner paid all of his outstanding
supervision fees. However, it is unnecessary for us to consider the fees issue. “Where probation is
revoked on one valid charge, the fact that other charges may be invalid will not preclude
upholding the revocation.” Syl. Pt. 3, State v. Ketchum, 169 W.Va. 9, 289 S.E.2d 657 (1981).
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        Petitioner’s argument includes his assertion that he was subject to only a sixty-day term of
incarceration pursuant to West Virginia Code § 62-12-10. After petitioner’s probation was
revoked, West Virginia Code § 62-12-10 was amended so that first- and second-time probation
violators would serve short periods of incarceration for violations of the conditions of probation,
rather than immediate revocation of the suspended sentence. Pursuant to the amended statute,
revocation and imposition of the original sentence is to occur only upon a third violation. See
W.Va. Code § 62-12-10(a)(2). “The presumption is that a statute is intended to operate
prospectively, and not retrospectively, unless it appears, by clear, strong and imperative words or
by necessary implication, that the Legislature intended to give the statute retroactive force and
effect.” Syl. Pt. 4, Taylor v. State Compensation Com’r, 140 W.Va. 572, 86 S.E.2d 114 (1955). A
plain reading of this statue clearly shows that the Legislature did not include the necessary
language for the statute to apply retrospectively. As such, West Virginia Code § 62-12-10 was
intended to operate prospectively. Thus, we find no merit in petitioner’s suggestion that he should
have been confined for the period set forth in the amended statute.

       For the foregoing reasons, the circuit court’s March 4, 2013, “Order” is hereby affirmed.


                                                                                          Affirmed.

ISSUED: January 17, 2014

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Brent D. Benjamin
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Allen H. Loughry II




This Court does not find reversible error in the circuit court’s determination to revoke petitioner’s
probation.
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