                                 COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Chief Judge Fitzpatrick, Judges Benton and Bumgardner
Argued at Richmond, Virginia


JAMES MELVIN ASHBY
                                                                OPINION BY
v.     Record No. 2777-04-3                         CHIEF JUDGE JOHANNA L. FITZPATRICK
                                                             NOVEMBER 22, 2005
RAMAR COAL COMPANY, INC. AND
 LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY


            FROM THE VIRGINIA WORKERS’ COMPENSATION COMMISSION

               Steven R. Minor (Dawn Figueiras; R. Lucas Hobbs; Elliott,
               Lawson & Minor, on briefs), for appellant.

               Brian J. Rife (Penn, Stuart & Eskridge, on brief), for appellees.


       James Melvin Ashby (claimant) contends the Workers’ Compensation Commission

(commission) erred in finding his request for review was untimely under Rule 3.1 and Code

§ 65.2-705. The sole issue on appeal is whether the commission erred in its determination that

the actual notice provision of Code § 65.2-705 applies only to awards reached after a hearing.

We reverse the commission and remand this matter for further proceedings consistent with this

opinion.

                                       I. BACKGROUND

       The facts of this case are undisputed. Claimant sustained a work-related injury February

3, 1994. The carrier voluntarily paid claimant the maximum 500 weeks of temporary total

disability. Claimant never filed a claim with the commission for those benefits or his initial

injury. At the end of the 500 weeks of temporary total disability, claimant remained totally

disabled. He filed a claim for permanent and total disability in an attempt to preserve his

indemnity benefits. However, the commission would not consider his claim for permanent and
total disability without an award that memorialized the initial injury and benefits already paid to

claimant. Claimant and carrier signed and submitted an Agreement to Pay Benefits. The

commission entered a “record purposes only” award based upon the Agreement to Pay Benefits.

The award order also provided lifetime medical benefits for “reasonable, necessary, and

authorized medical treatment causally related to the 02/03/1994 injury.” The award was issued

April 15, 2004 and mailed by regular mail to all parties. Claimant’s counsel received the award

April 19, 2004, and claimant received the award April 21, 2004. On May 5, 2004, claimant’s

counsel requested a review of the award by letter sent regular mail. As grounds for the review,

he stated that the carrier failed to include medical benefits for an alleged second work injury.

The commission received the request for review on May 7, 2004. Employer’s counsel moved to

dismiss the request for review because it failed to comply with Rule 3.1. The commission held

that:

               Contrary to the claimant’s argument on Review, his counsel’s
               receipt of the Award Order on April 19, 2004 (and the claimant’s
               receipt on April 21, 2004), did not alter the requirement to file the
               request for Review within 20 days as required by Rule 3.1.
               Virginia Code § 65.2-705, in conjunction with Code § 65.2-704,
               mandates a filing of a request for Review within 20 days after a
               party’s receipt of an Award or Opinion. These Sections pertain to
               the receipt of an Award or Opinion decided by the Commission
               following a hearing. The current case involved an Award Order
               based upon the parties’ submitted Agreement to Pay Benefits.

Claimant’s request for review was dismissed as untimely. Claimant appeals that decision.

                                          II. ANALYSIS

        Claimant contends that his request for review was filed timely because the review period

is calculated from the date of receipt of the award pursuant to Code § 65.2-705. This is solely an

issue of law that we review de novo. “[T]he question presented is solely an issue of law. Issues

of law are reviewed de novo by this Court.” Ratliff v. Carter Machinery Co., Inc., 39 Va. App.

586, 589-90, 575 S.E.2d 571, 573 (2003) (citing Rusty’s Welding Service, Inc. v. Gibson, 29


                                                -2-
Va. App. 119, 127, 510 S.E.2d 255, 259 (1999) (citing Sinclair v. Shelter Constr. Corp., 23

Va. App. 154, 156-57, 474 S.E.2d 856, 857-58 (1996))).

                       While we generally give great weight and deference, on
               appeal, to the commission’s construction of the Workers’
               Compensation Act, we are not bound by the commission’s legal
               analysis in this or prior cases. Indeed, we will withhold the
               deference we normally accord the commission’s statutory
               interpretation of the Workers’ Compensation Act when the
               commission’s interpretation conflicts with the plain language of
               the statute. We are required to construe the law as it is written. An
               erroneous construction by those charged with its administration
               cannot be permitted to override the clear mandates of a statute.
               We are not authorized to amend, alter or extend the Workers’
               Compensation Act’s provisions beyond their obvious meaning.

Peacock v. Browning Ferris, Inc., 38 Va. App. 241, 248-49, 563 S.E.2d 368, 372 (2002) (internal

citations and quotations omitted).

       Rule 3.1 provides that: “A request for review of a decision or award of the Commission

shall be filed by a party in writing with the Clerk of the Commission within 20 days of the date

of such decision or award.”

       Code § 65.2-705(A) provides in pertinent part:

                       If an application for review is made to the Commission
               within 20 days after receipt of notice of such award to be sent as
               provided in subsection A of § 65.2-704,1 the full Commission, . . .,
               shall review the evidence, or if deemed advisable, . . ., hear the
               parties at issue. . . . The Commission shall make an award which,
               together with a statement of the findings of fact, rulings of law, and
               other matters pertinent to the questions at issue, shall be filed with
               the record of the proceedings. A copy of the award shall be sent
               immediately to the parties at issue by priority mail with delivery
               confirmation or equivalent mailing option.

(Emphasis added.) The commission’s determination that the “receipt” of notice required by

Code § 65.2-705 applies only to an award entered after an evidentiary hearing and excludes this


       1
         Code § 65.2-704(A) provides the award be sent by priority mail with delivery
confirmation or equivalent. Neither the commission nor the claimant used priority, certified or
registered mail.

                                               -3-
requirement for awards entered upon agreements reached by the parties has neither statutory nor

case law support. There is no substantive difference between an award issued as the result of an

evidentiary hearing and one reached as a result of an agreement between the parties. We have

held that “an award of compensation entered upon [an Agreement to Pay Benefits] is as

enforceable as an award entered in a contested proceeding.” Butler v. City of Virginia Beach, 22

Va. App. 601, 604, 471 S.E.2d 830, 830 (1996). See also J & D Masonry v. Kornegay, 224 Va.

292, 295, 295 S.E.2d 887, 889 (1982). Thus there is no rationale for treating the two procedures

differently.

        Code § 65.2-705, as amended in 1998, allows the filing for a review “within 20 days after

receipt of notice of such award.” (Emphasis added.) While Rule 3.1 states that the filing is to be

done within 20 days of the date of the award, it is clear that any limitations set by the

commission’s rule must give way to the statutory mandate. Where a rule of the commission

conflicts with a statute, the statute must prevail. See Sargent Electric Company v. Woodall, 228

Va. 419, 424-25, 323 S.E.2d 102, 105 (1984); Brown v. United Airlines, 34 Va. App. 273, 276,

540 S.E.2d 521, 522 (2001) (noting that the commission has no power to make rules that are

inconsistent with the Workers’ Compensation Act). See also Peacock, 38 Va. App. at 246 n.1,

563 S.E.2d at 371 n.1.

        Additionally, we note that the commission has repeatedly found that Rule 3.1 and Code

§ 65.2-705 apply to awards issued without evidentiary hearings.

                       The employee asserts that the twenty day period for filing a
               petition for review pursuant to Code of Virginia § 65.2-705 is
               inapplicable . . . because the Commission entered an award order
               memorializing memoranda of agreement to which both parties had
               affixed their signatures. . . . [W]e disagree with the employee’s
               assertion that the period allowed for review should not apply in the
               present case. Parties to awards and orders entered by the Virginia
               Workers’ Compensation Commission are always entitled to the
               right of review provided in Code of Virginia § 65.2-705. If this
               were not the case, for example, a party would not have the

                                                -4-
              opportunity to petition for review of a technical error in an award
              which memorializes the agreements of the parties.

Hall v. The Weather Conditions, 75 Va. WC 66 (1996). See also Davidson v. Eastern State

Hosp., 04 WC UNP 1943194 (employer appealed commission award entered based on

agreements submitted by parties untimely and Rule 3.1 and Code § 65.2-705 applied); Baacke v.

Danis Environmental, No. 209-82-68 (Va. Workers’ Comp. Comm’n July 1, 2003) (award

entered based on agreements appealed outside 20 days and Rule 3.1 and Code § 65.2-705

applied); Henderson v. Henrico Public Works, No. 189-66-52 (Va. Workers’ Comp. Comm’n

April 21, 2003) (settlement approval appealed outside of 20 days and Rule 3.1 and Code

§ 65.2-705 applied); Cain v. Warrior Express, No. 174-64-95 (Va. Workers’ Comp. Comm’n

September 20, 2001) (commission granted relief requested in employer’s application for hearing

and request for review was untimely, Rule 3.1 and Code § 65.2-705 applied); Daly v. SMC

Concrete, No. 197-84-90 (Va. Workers’ Comp. Comm’n July 26, 2001) (settlement approval

appealed outside of 20 days and Rule 3.1 and Code § 65.2-705 applied); Brandon v. Richmond

Highway CVS, No. 192-13-88 (Va. Workers’ Comp. Comm’n March 30, 2000) (claimant

requested review of commission decision that he was not entitled to benefits based on his

application one month after decision was rendered and Rule 3.1 and Code § 65.2-705 applied).

       Therefore, based on the uncontested evidence in the instant case, claimant’s request was

filed timely. Claimant’s counsel received the award on April 19, 2004, and the commission

received his request for review on May 7, 2004, a period of 19 days. For the foregoing reasons,

we reverse and remand to the commission for proceedings consistent with this opinion.2

                                                                   Reversed and remanded.



       2
         Because we find the request for review was timely, we do not address claimant’s second
issue on appeal, that modification of the award was justified as a result of fraud, mistake or
imposition.

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