[Cite as State v. Oliver, 2014-Ohio-3982.]




                       IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                           THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
                               WYANDOT COUNTY




STATE OF OHIO,

        PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE,                                CASE NO. 16-14-02

        v.

ORAL RICHARD OLIVER,                                       OPINION

        DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.




                 Appeal from Wyandot County Common Pleas Court
                           Trial Court No. 014-CR-0037

                                       Judgment Affirmed

                          Date of Decision: September 15, 2014




APPEARANCES:

        Howard A. Elliott for Appellant

        Jonathan K. Miller for Appellee
Case No. 16-14-02


SHAW, J.

           {¶1} Defendant-appellant Oral Richard Oliver appeals the March 13, 2014

judgment of the Wyandot County Common Pleas Court sentencing Oliver to 30

years to life in prison after Oliver pled guilty to three counts of Rape in violation

of R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b), all felonies of the first degree.

           {¶2} The facts relevant to this appeal are as follows. On February 26,

2014, Oliver was charged with three counts of Rape in violation of R.C.

2907.02(A)(1)(b), all felonies of the first degree.1 (Doc. 1). It was alleged that

Oliver, who was born in 1956, engaged in sexual intercourse with A.J.M. who was

less than 13 years old at the time, and that he ultimately impregnated her.

           {¶3} On February 27, 2014, Oliver entered a written negotiated guilty plea

wherein he agreed to plead guilty to the charges. (Doc. 7). The parties further

agreed to recommend a sentence of an indefinite prison term of (10) years and a

maximum of life imprisonment on each count, which the court could order to be

served consecutively. (Doc. 7). The parties reserved the right to argue on the

matter of consecutive sentences. (Id.)

           {¶4} The court held a Criminal Rule 11 plea hearing and ultimately

accepted Oliver’s pleas as knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily given. As for

the factual basis of the pleas, Oliver admitted that he had a “sexual relationship”



1
    Oliver was charged by Bill of Information and waived the filing of an indictment.

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Case No. 16-14-02


with the ten year old victim. (Tr. at 18). He stated that they had intercourse and it

happened “five, six times. I’m not really sure how many.” (Id.) At the conclusion

of the plea hearing the court ordered a pre-sentencing investigation and set

sentencing for a later date.

       {¶5} On March 12, 2014, a sentencing hearing was held. At the hearing,

Oliver’s counsel made a statement in mitigation, arguing that Oliver had no prior

criminal history other than minor traffic tickets. (Tr. at 7). He stated Oliver was

cooperative and wanted to take responsibility. Oliver did not make a statement.

(Tr. at 10).

       {¶6} The guardian for the victim then made a statement and the prosecutor

argued in favor of consecutive sentences. Ultimately the court ordered Oliver to

serve ten years to life in prison on each count, consecutively, for an aggregate

prison term of thirty years to life in prison. A judgment entry reflecting this

sentence was filed March 12, 2014.

       {¶7} It is from this judgment that Oliver appeals, asserting the following

assignment of error for our review.

                      ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
       THE TRIAL COURT IMPROPERLY SENTENCED THE
       APPELLANT, IN THAT IT FAILED TO MAKE THE
       NECESSARY FINDINGS REQUIRED UNDER ORC
       §2929.14(C) FOR THE IMPOSITION OF CONSECUTIVE
       SENTENCES.



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Case No. 16-14-02


       {¶8} In Oliver’s assignment of error he argues that the trial court failed to

make the necessary findings pursuant to R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) to impose

consecutive sentences. Specifically, Oliver contends that the trial court failed to

make a finding as to whether any of the subsections of R.C. 2929.14(C)(4), (a), (b)

or (c), applied in this case.

       {¶9} “A trial court’s sentence will not be disturbed on appeal absent a

defendant’s showing by clear and convincing evidence that the sentence is

unsupported by the record; the sentencing statutes’ procedure was not followed or

there was not a sufficient basis for the imposition of a prison term; or that the

sentence is contrary to law.” State v. Upkins, 3d Dist. Shelby No. 17–13–02,

2013–Ohio–3986, ¶ 8, citing State v. Ramos, 3d Dist. Defiance No. 4–06–24,

2007–Ohio–767, ¶ 23; State v. Bonnell, Ohio Sup. Ct. No. 2013-0167, 2014-Ohio-

3177. Clear and convincing evidence is that “which will produce in the mind of

the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be

established.” Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469 (1954), paragraph three of the

syllabus. An appellate court should not, however, substitute its judgment for that

of the trial court because the trial court is “ ‘clearly in the better position to judge

the defendant’s dangerousness and to ascertain the effect of the crimes on the

victims.’ “ State v. Watkins, 3d Dist. Auglaize No. 2–04–08, 2004–Ohio–4809, ¶

16, quoting State v. Jones, 93 Ohio St.3d 391, 400 (2001).


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Case No. 16-14-02


       {¶10} Revised Code 2929.14(C)(4) requires a trial court to make additional

specific findings before imposing consecutive sentences on an offender. With

respect to the issues raised in this case R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) states,

       (4) If multiple prison terms are imposed on an offender for
       convictions of multiple offenses, the court may require the
       offender to serve the prison terms consecutively if the court finds
       that the consecutive service is necessary to protect the public
       from future crime or to punish the offender and that consecutive
       sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness of the
       offender's conduct and to the danger the offender poses to the
       public, and if the court also finds any of the following:

       (a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple
       offenses while the offender was awaiting trial or sentencing, was
       under a sanction imposed pursuant to section 2929.16, 2929.17,
       or 2929.18 of the Revised Code, or was under post-release
       control for a prior offense.

       (b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part
       of one or more courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two
       or more of the multiple offenses so committed was so great or
       unusual that no single prison term for any of the offenses
       committed as part of any of the courses of conduct adequately
       reflects the seriousness of the offender’s conduct.

       (c) The offender’s history of criminal conduct demonstrates
       that consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public
       from future crime by the offender.

Thus, based on the statute, the trial court is required to make three findings before

imposing consecutive sentences: 1) that consecutive sentences are necessary to

protect the public from future crime or to punish the offender; 2) that consecutive

sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender's conduct and


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Case No. 16-14-02


to the danger the offender poses to the public; and 3) that one of the subsections

(a), (b), or (c) apply. State v. Stober, 3d Dist. Putnam No. 12-13-09, 2014-Ohio-

1568, ¶ 153 citing State v. Farnsworth, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 12CO10, 2013-

Ohio-1275, ¶ 8.

      {¶11} The Ohio Supreme Court recently addressed the requirements of

R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) in State v. Bonnell, Ohio Sup. Ct. No. 2013-0167, 2014-Ohio-

3177. In Bonnell, the Ohio Supreme Court held,

      When imposing consecutive sentences, a trial court must state
      the required findings as part of the sentencing hearing, and by
      doing so it affords notice to the offender and to defense counsel.
      See Crim.R. 32(A)(4). And because a court speaks through its
      journal, State v. Brooke, 113 Ohio St.3d 199, 2007-Ohio-1533,
      863 N.E.2d 1024, ¶ 47, the court should also incorporate its
      statutory findings into the sentencing entry. However, a word-
      for-word recitation of the language of the statute is not required,
      and as long as the reviewing court can discern that the trial
      court engaged in the correct analysis and can determine that the
      record contains evidence to support the findings, consecutive
      sentences should be upheld.

Bonnell, ¶ 29.

      {¶12} In the case before us, at the sentencing hearing, the trial court made

the following findings with regard to consecutive sentences.

      The Court further orders that these sentences be served
      consecutively to one another; it being necessary to fulfill the
      purposes and principles of sentencing; as consecutive terms are
      necessary to protect the public from future crime; consecutive
      terms are necessary to punish the offender, consecutive terms
      are not disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender’s
      conduct and to the danger the offender poses to the public.

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Case No. 16-14-02



      These were crimes of opportunity with a very vulnerable victim.
      The harm caused was so great or unusual that no single prison
      term can adequately reflect the seriousness of the offender’s
      conduct based on the fact there’s [sic] already discussed in this
      matter, and particularly the age of the victim, the harm caused,
      the fact that the unlawful activity was repeated, the age of the
      offender and the fact that he did nothing to prevent it from
      occurring and re-occurring.

(Tr. at 16-17). In the court’s sentencing entry, the court made the following

findings with regard to consecutive sentences.

      Said sentences shall be served consecutively, as it is necessary to
      fulfill the purposes of and principles of sentencing. Consecutive
      terms are necessary to protect the public from future crime.
      Consecutive terms are necessary to punish the offender.
      Consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to the
      seriousness of the offender’s conduct and to the danger the
      offender poses to the public.

      The Court finds Defendant’s offenses were crimes of
      opportunity with a very vulnerable victim. The harm caused
      was so great or unusual that no single prison term can
      adequately reflect the seriousness of the offender’s conduct
      based on the factors already discussed in this matter;
      particularly the age of the victim and the harm caused; the fact
      that the unlawful activity was repeated; the age of the offender;
      and the fact that the Defendant did nothing to prevent it from
      occurring and reoccurring.

(Doc. 16).

      {¶13} At the sentencing hearing and in the judgment entry the trial court

thus clearly made the first two necessary findings to impose consecutive sentences

using the exact language of the statute. The court also clearly used some of the


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Case No. 16-14-02


language required under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(b) to impose consecutive sentences.

It did not, however, use the specific language “[a]t least two of the multiple

offenses were committed as part of one or more courses of conduct, and the harm

caused by two or more of the multiple offenses so committed[.]”                 R.C.

2929.14(C)(4)(b). Nevertheless, the court did specifically state “these were crimes

of opportunity” indicating an affirmative finding of multiple offenses. (Emphasis

added). And the court did state both at the sentencing hearing and in its judgment

entry that “the unlawful activity was repeated,” and that the defendant “did

nothing to prevent it from occurring and reoccurring[.]” (Emphasis added).

Moreover, the court also made the findings at both the sentencing hearing and in

its sentencing entry that Oliver “repeatedly” raped a 10 year old child and that he

ultimately impregnated her resulting in a cesarean section to deliver the child,

further indicating a finding of multiple offenses and great or unusual harm caused

by those multiple offenses. Therefore the court made references to the criminal

activity repeating multiple times, establishing a finding of multiple offenses and

multiple courses of conduct.

       {¶14} Under the Ohio Supreme Court’s holding in Bonnell, supra, we find

that based on the facts and circumstances of this case we “can discern that the trial

court engaged in the correct analysis and can determine that the record contains




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evidence to support the [trial court’s] findings.” Bonnell at ¶ 29. Accordingly,

Oliver’s assignment of error is overruled.

       {¶15} For the foregoing reasons Oliver’s assignment of error is overruled

and the judgment of the Wyandot County Common Pleas Court is affirmed.

                                                            Judgment Affirmed

WILLAMOWSKI, P.J. and ROGERS, J., concur.

/jlr




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