                                                                  FILED
                                                                MAY 12, 2020
                                                        In the Office of the Clerk of Court
                                                       WA State Court of Appeals, Division III




           IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
                              DIVISION THREE

ESMERALDA CHAVEZ OCHOA,                      )         No. 36341-4-III
                                             )
                    Respondent,              )
                                             )
      v.                                     )         UNPUBLISHED OPINION
                                             )
VICTOR OCHOA,                                )
                                             )
                    Appellant.               )

      PENNELL, C.J. — Victor Ochoa appeals from a domestic violence protection order

(DVPO). Finding no error, we affirm.

                                         FACTS

      Esmeralda Chavez Ochoa petitioned for a DVPO against her then spouse, Victor

Ochoa, in May 2018. A hearing on the petition was continued twice at the request of the

parties. The final hearing was ultimately scheduled for late August 2018.

      Prior to the final hearing, counsel for Mr. Ochoa attempted to obtain witness

names and contact information from Ms. Ochoa’s attorney. This effort was only partially

successful. Ms. Ochoa’s attorney provided a witness list, but not contact information.
No. 36341-4-III
Ochoa v. Ochoa


Although Mr. Ochoa was dissatisfied by this lack of response, he did not move for an

order compelling disclosure of the contact information.

       The parties and counsel appeared in court for the August hearing. Also present

were the witnesses previously identified by Ms. Ochoa’s attorney.

       At the beginning of the hearing, counsel for Mr. Ochoa brought up the fact that he

had not been provided witness contact information. According to counsel for Mr. Ochoa,

this omission was a discovery violation that deprived Mr. Ochoa of his right to due

process. Counsel for Mr. Ochoa requested two remedies: (1) the witnesses disclosed by

Ms. Ochoa be excluded from testifying, and (2) Ms. Ochoa’s testimony be limited to the

allegations recited in her DVPO petition. The trial court denied both requests.

       After the trial court’s ruling, the parties requested a brief recess. When the

proceedings resumed, the parties informed the court they agreed to a stipulated trial on

the petition. No witnesses were called and the court did not consider information outside

the scope of Ms. Ochoa’s original DVPO petition. The court reviewed the contents of the

petition out loud and then found Mr. Ochoa “engaged in acts of domestic violence against

his wife and . . . children.” Report of Proceedings (Aug. 23, 2018) at 13. The trial court

granted the DVPO with a limited exception to accommodate Mr. Ochoa’s work.

       Mr. Ochoa appeals.



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No. 36341-4-III
Ochoa v. Ochoa


                                          ANALYSIS

As a preliminary matter, Mr. Ochoa’s claims are barred from review

       Mr. Ochoa claims he is entitled to relief on appeal based on the trial court’s denial

of his prehearing motion to exclude witnesses and limit the scope of Ms. Ochoa’s

evidence. We disagree. Given the parties’ stipulation, the trial court never heard from any

witnesses or considered any evidence outside the scope of the petition. As a result, Mr.

Ochoa did not suffer any prejudice from the trial court’s rulings that can be remedied on

appeal. 1 Without prejudice, relief from a civil judgment is unwarranted. Brown v.

Spokane County Fire Prot. Dist. No. 1, 100 Wn.2d 188, 196, 668 P.2d 571 (1983)

(“[E]rror without prejudice is not grounds for reversal.”).

       Even if we were to reach the merits of Mr. Ochoa’s claims, we would still affirm

the trial court’s judgment.

Mr. Ochoa was not deprived of his due process rights

       There is no general due process right to witness contact information or prehearing

interviews. See Agranoff v. Jay, 9 Wn. App. 429, 433-34, 512 P.2d 1132 (1973); United


       1
         We note that, by agreeing to a stipulated facts trial, Mr. Ochoa was not required
to waive his right to challenge the adequacy of Ms. Ochoa’s evidence or to present
responsive evidence. See State v. Mierz, 127 Wn.2d 460, 469, 901 P.2d 286 (1995) (“A
stipulated facts trial is still a trial . . . . The burden of proof remains upon the [petitioner],
and the [respondent] may offer evidence and cross-examine the [petitioner’s]
witnesses.”).

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No. 36341-4-III
Ochoa v. Ochoa


States v. Cook, 608 F.2d 1175, 1181 (9th Cir. 1980), overruled on other grounds by Luce

v. United States, 469 U.S. 38, 40 n.3, 105 S. Ct. 460, 83 L. Ed. 2d 443 (1984). In some

contexts, parties enjoy rule-based rights to the names and contact information of

witnesses. See, e.g., CR 26(b)(1) (witnesses with general knowledge of discoverable

matters); CR 26(b)(5)(A)(i) (expert witnesses); CrR 4.7(a)(1)(i), (b)(1) (witnesses

testifying at hearing or trial). But no such right exists under the Domestic Violence

Protection Act (DVPA), chapter 26.50 RCW. DVPA proceedings are special proceedings

“not governed by the civil rules.” Scheib v. Crosby, 160 Wn. App. 345, 350, 249 P.3d

184 (2011). Under the DVPA, there is no automatic right to discovery. Instead, the

availability of discovery is left to the broad discretion of the trial court. Id. at 352-53.

       Here, Mr. Ochoa never asked the trial court to authorize discovery or facilitate

the disclosure of witness information. As a result, discovery was never required and

Mr. Ochoa is not entitled to relief.

The scope of a DVPO hearing is not tightly limited to the petition

       Mr. Ochoa claims RCW 26.50.030(1) requires evidence presented at a DVPO

hearing to be limited to the allegations set forth in a DVPO petition. We disagree. Section

.030 addresses the required contents of a DVPO petition. It is not concerned with the

contents of a post-petition hearing. No statute or court rule limits the scope of evidence

that can be introduced in support of a petition. While a party to a DVPO hearing may

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No. 36341-4-III
Ochoa v. Ochoa


sometimes have a legitimate objection to a particular piece of evidence or testimony

based on relevance or lack of notice, such matters can only be addressed in context, as

they occur. Here, no such analysis is possible. Given the parties’ stipulation, there was no

variance between the contents of the petition and the proof presented at the hearing. Nor

does the record clarify what type of variance there might have been, had the parties not

proceeded with a stipulated facts trial.

                                      CONCLUSION

       The order for protection is affirmed.

       A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in

the Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to

RCW 2.06.040.


                                           _________________________________
                                           Pennell, C.J.

WE CONCUR:


______________________________
Korsmo, J.


______________________________
Siddoway, J.



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