[Cite as State v. Brown, 2020-Ohio-3052.]




                             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                                SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                    MONTGOMERY COUNTY

 STATE OF OHIO                                    :
                                                  :
         Plaintiff-Appellee                       :   Appellate Case No. 28473
                                                  :
 v.                                               :   Trial Court Case No. 2018-CR-822
                                                  :
 HENRY L. BROWN                                   :   (Criminal Appeal from
                                                  :   Common Pleas Court)
         Defendant-Appellant                      :
                                                  :

                                             ...........

                                            OPINION

                             Rendered on the 22nd day of May, 2020.

                                             ...........

MATHIAS H. HECK JR. by SARAH E. HUTNIK, Atty. Reg. No. 0095900, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, Montgomery County Prosecutor’s Office, Appellate Division,
Montgomery County Courts Building, 301 West Third Street, 5th Floor, Dayton, Ohio
45422
      Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee

ROBERT ALAN BRENNER, Atty. Reg. No. 0067714, P.O. Box 340214, Beavercreek,
Ohio 45434
      Attorney for Defendant-Appellant

                                            .............

HALL, J.
                                                                                          -2-


       {¶ 1} Henry L. Brown appeals from his convictions based on guilty pleas for

aggravated robbery, having weapons while under disability, and failure to comply with an

order or signal of a police officer. He argues that he did not enter the guilty pleas

knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily. In addition, Brown argues that he should not

have been ordered to pay restitution at all or to the Montgomery County Sheriff’s Office

in particular. We see no merit in any of these arguments, and we affirm.

                         I. Factual and Procedural Background

       {¶ 2} On February 27, 2019, Brown entered First Financial Bank on 2891 W. Alex

Bell Road with a gun and demanded money. Bank employees gave him a bag containing

$2,100 and a GPS tracking device. When police tracked down Brown, he fled and led

them on a high-speed chase, during which Brown crossed double yellow lines and ran

red lights. Finally, the pursuing officer performed a maneuver with his cruiser to strike the

side of Brown’s car, causing his car to spin and ultimately come to a stop in the middle of

an intersection. Officers recovered $2,039.01. Brown said that he owed money for drugs.

       {¶ 3} Brown was indicted on three counts of aggravated robbery under R.C.

2911.01(A)(1), each a first-degree felony and each accompanied by a firearm

specification; one count of having weapons while under disability under R.C.

2923.13(A)(2), a third-degree felony; and one count of failure to comply with order or

signal of police officer under R.C. 2921.331(B) and (C), a fifth-degree felony. In May 2019,

under a plea agreement, the state dismissed two firearm specifications, and Brown

pleaded guilty to the remaining charges. The trial court sentenced him to a total of 10

years in prison and suspended Brown’s driver’s license for three years. The court waived
                                                                                          -3-


payment of court costs but ordered Brown to pay restitution for economic loss of $60.99

to the bank and $1,067.48 to the Montgomery County Sheriff’s Office.

       {¶ 4} Brown appeals.

                                          II. Analysis

       {¶ 5} Brown argues that he did not enter his guilty pleas knowingly, intelligently,

and voluntarily and that he should not have to pay restitution at all or to the Montgomery

County Sheriff’s Office in particular.

                                         A. Guilty pleas

       {¶ 6} The first assignment of error alleges:

       BROWN’S PLEAS WERE NOT MADE KNOWINGLY, INTELLIGENTLY,

       AND VOLUNTARILY.

Brown argues that he did not make his guilty pleas knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily,

and that the trial court failed to comply with Crim.R. 11, because the court did not properly

inform him that he faced a mandatory driver’s license suspension.

       {¶ 7} We question how Brown can say that he didn’t know about the license

suspension, given what we see in the record. The plea form—which Brown signed—

states: “I understand that for violations of Community Control sanctions, I can be required

to serve a prison term of up to ____; and permanent revocation or suspension of my

Driver’s License for not less than 3 years and not more than Life.” The bolded text is

bolded on the form, and “3 years” and “Life” are handwritten.

       {¶ 8} At the plea hearing, after defense counsel stated the terms of the plea

agreement, the trial court asked the state whether it agreed:
                                                                                          -4-


              [PROSECUTOR]: * * * One hundred percent. And as I’m sure the

      Court will discuss in the colloquy, there’s the driver’s license suspension on

      the failure to comply, but that’s three years to life, so that’s kind of academic

      here, but just to make sure that’s tucked in there.

              [DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Would the Court be in agreement with

      allowing that driver license suspension to, I guess, run while Henry’s serving

      time?

              THE COURT: Yes.

              [DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Thank you, Your Honor.

              THE COURT: Mr. Brown, have you heard the terms of the plea

      agreement?

              THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor.

              THE COURT: Do you agree with that?

              THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

(Tr. 108-109.)

      {¶ 9} Later, during the plea colloquy, the trial court forgot at first to mention the

license suspension, but the court remembered before accepting Brown’s plea:

              THE COURT: Hold on just a minute. Before I—before you sign on

      the guilty plea to the failure to comply.

              THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

              THE COURT: That carries with it a driver’s license suspension, and

      I did not—we’ve talked about it, but I don’t think I fully advised you. You

      understand that an additional penalty for the failure to comply is a driver’s
                                                                                       -5-


      license—your driver’s license could be suspended, minimum three years,

      maximum life. Do you understand that possible penalty?

               THE DEFENDANT: Yes.

               ***

               THE COURT: Okay. All right. So with that, understanding that, do

      you still plead guilty as you indicated before?

               THE DEFENDANT: Okay, I just, I have one question, like. Okay, the

      driver’s license, it was also stated, though, that they would, during the time

      I’m serving—

               THE COURT: Part of the plea agreement is that the Court will order

      some driver’s license suspension as a sanction but will order that be served,

      or that start to run immediately—

               THE DEFENDANT: Okay.

               THE COURT: —from the time of your—

               THE DEFENDANT: Yeah. That’s what I was wondering about.

               THE COURT: —the determination entry [sic] goes on in four weeks

      or so.

               THE DEFENDANT: Um-hum.

               [DEFENSE COUNSEL]: And that time will run while he’s serving

      time?

               THE DEFENDANT: Yeah. That’s what he just said. Yeah.

               THE COURT: Yes.

(Tr. 120-122.)
                                                                                          -6-


        {¶ 10} Brown’s license suspension was referenced in the plea form and was

referred to in the terms of the plea agreement; he also indicated at the plea hearing his

understanding that it would be a penalty and showed his understanding by asking a

question about it. Brown fails to explain why all of this was inadequate to inform him that

his license would be suspended. He also does not explain what difference the suspension

made to his decision. Seven years of Brown’s ten-year prison term were mandatory. The

license suspension was only 3 years and began immediately, 1 which meant that the

suspension would end well before Brown would need a driver’s license. We see no error.

        {¶ 11} The first assignment of error is overruled.

                                       B. Restitution

        {¶ 12} The second assignment of error alleges:

        THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT ORDERED BROWN TO PAY

        RESTITUTION.

Brown argues that the trial court abused its discretion by ordering Brown to pay restitution.

He also argues that the court erred by ordering him to pay any restitution to the

Montgomery County Sheriff’s Office.

        {¶ 13} A trial court may order an offender to pay restitution to “the victim of the

offender’s crime” for “economic loss.” R.C. 2929.18(A)(1). “Generally, a trial court’s order

of restitution is reviewed for an abuse of discretion.” State v. Hunter, 2d Dist. Montgomery

No. 25521, 2013-Ohio-3759, ¶ 7, citing State v. Johnson, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24288,

2012-Ohio-1230, ¶ 11. But “we utilize a de novo standard of review when determining to

whom restitution may appropriately be awarded.” Id. at ¶ 7, citing Johnson at ¶ 11.


1   See Sentencing Tr. 13.)
                                                                                              -7-


       {¶ 14} Brown argues that he should not have to pay restitution, because of his age,

his health, and the length of his prison sentence. At the time of his sentencing, Brown

was 57 years old and confined to a wheelchair because he suffered from deep vein

thrombosis. The trial court recognized that he suffered from the condition, noting that,

according to the presentence investigation report (PSI), Brown was diagnosed with

thrombosis in 2003 and the condition had required hospitalization on multiple occasions,

most recently in 2015. But the court also noted that the PSI indicated that, since his

diagnosis, Brown had been employed for lengthy periods of time. The court found that

there was no reason he would be unable to work during his time in prison. The court also

found that, based on his education and work experience, though his ability to pay “will be

severely limited at first, there’s at least a future ability to pay, and the amounts [of

restitution] are not particularly great.” (Tr. 132). Brown fails to convince us that the trial

court’s decision to order restitution was unreasonable.

       {¶ 15} Brown also argues that the Montgomery County Sheriff’s Office was not a

“victim” for purposes of the restitution statute, R.C. 2929.18. But in a case like this, the

law permits the trial court to order restitution to the Sheriff. “[G]overnmental agencies

generally do not constitute ‘victims’ entitled to restitution for their efforts to fight crime or

fires using public funds, but * * * certain exceptions exist, such as embezzlement of public

funds or vandalism or destruction of governmental property.” State v. Turner, 2d Dist.

Champaign No. 2017-CA-15, 2018-Ohio-2860, ¶ 14, citing State v. Christian, 2d Dist.

Montgomery No. 25256, 2014-Ohio-2672, ¶ 126. In Turner, we held that the Ohio State

Highway Patrol could be a “victim” entitled to restitution, where the defendant fled a traffic

stop and crashed his car into a cruiser. Id. at ¶ 17.
                                                                                            -8-


       {¶ 16} The case on which Brown relies, City of Centerville v. Knab, 2d Dist.

Montgomery No. 28081, 2019-Ohio-1903, is distinguishable. Although we held in Knab

that it was improper for the trial court to order restitution to the police department, because

government agencies are not victims of crimes to which they respond in their official

capacities, none of the exceptions to this general rule applied or were even at issue in

that case.

       {¶ 17} According to the PSI, the Montgomery County Sheriff’s Office provided

invoices totaling $1,067.48 for the repairs that had to be done to the cruiser that was

damaged as a result of Brown’s flight from law enforcement. We see no error in the trial

court’s decision ordering restitution to the Sheriff’s Office.

       {¶ 18} The second assignment of error is overruled.

                                       III. Conclusion

       {¶ 19} We have overruled both of the assignments of error presented. The trial

court’s judgment is affirmed.

                                       .............



DONOVAN, J. and WELBAUM, J., concur.


Copies sent to:

Mathias H. Heck Jr.
Sarah E. Hutnik
Robert Alan Brenner
Hon. Timothy N. O’Connell
