[Cite as Milligan v. Morell, 2013-Ohio-2868.]
                           STATE OF OHIO, MAHONING COUNTY

                                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                                        SEVENTH DISTRICT


HAROLD L. MILLIGAN, JR.                         )   CASE NO. 11 MA 188
                                                )
        PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE                      )
                                                )
VS.                                             )   OPINION
                                                )
TINA MORELL, AUDITOR                            )
CITY OF STRUTHERS                               )
                                                )
        DEFENDANT-APPELLANT                     )

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS:                           Civil Appeal from the Struthers Municipal
                                                    Court of Mahoning County, Ohio
                                                    Case No. CVI 1100192

JUDGMENT:                                           Modified.

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee:                             Harold L. Milligan, Jr., Pro se
                                                    623 W. Harvey Street
                                                    Struthers, Ohio 44471


For Defendant-Appellant:                            Atty. Carlo A. Ciccone
                                                    Suite 1000, Reisman's Theater Building
                                                    42 S. Main Street
                                                    Niles, Ohio 44446-5012


JUDGES:

Hon. Cheryl L. Waite
Hon. Joseph J. Vukovich
Hon. Mary DeGenaro
                                                    Dated: June 20, 2013
[Cite as Milligan v. Morell, 2013-Ohio-2868.]
WAITE, J.


        {¶1}     Appellant Tina Morell, Auditor of the City of Struthers (“Auditor”),

appeals the ruling of the Campbell Municipal Court in a small claims action. Appellee

Harold L. Milligan, Jr. (former fire chief of Struthers) filed the pro se action to recover

an underpayment in his final paycheck after he had retired on June 23, 2011.

Appellee had worked as the fire chief for 31 years.

        {¶2}     Appellee filed a small claims action in Struthers Municipal Court on July

21, 2011, to collect the unpaid portion of his salary from 2011. It was transferred to

Campbell Municipal Court on August 4, 2011. A bench trial was held on September

13, 2011. Both parties acted pro se at the trial court level, but on appeal, Auditor is

represented by counsel. There is no transcript of the bench trial in the record but

numerous documents filed at trial are part of the record. The trial court awarded

Appellee a portion of the judgment he sought: $1,223.29 plus interest of 4% from the

date of judgment, plus costs, in an entry dated September 30, 2011. This timely

appeal followed.

        {¶3}     Auditor argues that Appellee was overpaid $595.58 from 1980 through

2004, and that this explains the underpayment in his final paycheck. A review of the

pertinent law reveals that Auditor's argument is not persuasive and is not supported

by the record.        Based on information in the record submitted by both parties,

Appellee was actually underpaid by the city in the amount of $2,401.46. Thus, while

we hereby affirm the underlying judgment granted to Appellee, we must modify the

trial court’s judgment and enter judgment for Appellee for $2,401.46, as well as 4%
                                                                                   -2-

interest on the judgment as of the date of the trial court’s judgment entry, which was

September 30, 2011, plus court costs.

                             ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

      THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN RULING FOR THE PLAINTIFF AND

      AWARDING SAID PLAINTIFF ANY FORM OF REMUNERATION

      PAYABLE BY THE CITY OF STRUTHERS.

      {¶4}   Auditor argues on appeal that the decision of the trial court is against

the manifest weight of the evidence. Auditor claims that the judgment entry should

be changed to reflect operation of the city salary ordinances and that the amount

withheld from Appellee’s final pay was due to an alleged overpayment of $595 made

to Appellee from 1980 to 2004. “Judgments supported by some competent, credible

evidence going to all the essential elements of the case will not be reversed by a

reviewing court as being against the manifest weight of the evidence.” C.E. Morris

Co. v. Foley Constr. Co., 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 376 N.E.2d 578 (1978), at syllabus.

      {¶5}   We are mindful of the oft cited principle that “rules of procedure are

relaxed in small claims court.” Sammartino v. Eiselstein, 7th Dist. No. 08 MA 211,

2009-Ohio-2641, ¶10. Small claims court is an informal forum designed to resolve

disputes expeditiously and with minimal cost to the parties. Melcher v. Ryan, 7th

Dist. No. 05 BE 40, 2006-Ohio-4609, ¶9.       Pro se participation is expected and

encouraged, and the court may assist pro se parties to some extent if the opportunity

arises. Cleveland Bar Association v. Pearlman, 106 Ohio St.3d 136, 2005-Ohio-

4107, 832 N.E.2d 1193, ¶15. We failed to notify Appellee of his right to file a cross
                                                                                   -3-

appeal in this matter pursuant to App.R. 4(B)(1), and he has not attempted to file a

cross-assignment of error. Nevertheless, he respectfully argued that he, like Auditor,

believes the amount of the trial court’s judgment is incorrect and requests that we

correct this payment on appeal. Appellee’s stance, however, is that the trial court’s

judgment understates what Appellee was owed by the city. Because Auditor has

directly challenged the monetary amount of the judgment and urges us to apply the

correct law, the city salary ordinances, and proper payroll accounting to determine

whether the judgment in this matter is erroneous, we conclude that it is within our

jurisdiction to modify the amount of judgment to reflect the law and facts presented,

even though the trial court’s underlying decision to grant judgment to Appellee

appears to be correct and must be affirmed.

      {¶6}   The parties have essentially stipulated that Appellee's base annual

salary for 2011 was $51,418, as stated in Struthers City Ordinance 08-035. The

parties agree that Appellee worked full time in 2010 and 2011. The parties agree

that Appellee retired on June 23, 2011. The record reflects and the parties further

agree that Appellee was owed $24,511.38 in the calendar year 2011 for 174 days of

work. Appellee was paid on an accrual basis, divided into 14-day periods, with each

paycheck issued 10 days after the end of the pay period. The parties agree that

Appellee's base pay for each two-week pay period in 2011 was $1,977.67.

According to these stipulated facts (all of which appear to be undisputed and on

which Auditor relies in her brief on appeal), this record reveals that Appellee was

underpaid in the total amount of $2,401.46 in his final two paychecks in 2011. He
                                                                                    -4-

was underpaid by $1,198.33 for the pay period covering June 1 to June 14, 2011.

He was not paid any salary at all, as far as we can tell from this record, for the last

nine working days before his retirement, from June 15 through June 23, 2011.

Based on the undisputed annual salary amount, Appellee was owed another

$1,203.13 for this final pay period. Thus, the starting point for any review as to how

much Appellee was owed, according to the facts as presented by both parties, is

$2,401.46.

       {¶7}      The record contains a payroll audit, prepared by Auditor in 2006, that

contains a note that Appellee may have possibly been overpaid $595 over the course

of his employment, but states that “due to the length of employment, complexity and

unavailable of [sic] information, the amounts given here are based on available

information and may need further review.” (Payroll Audit As Directed Per Resolution

06-092, p. 4.)

       {¶8}      The record also contains a “Notice of Proposed Finding” from the

Auditor of State addressed to the city and Appellee, dated March 13, 2006. This

notice states that Appellee may have been overpaid by Struthers, and that if an

actual finding for recovery were issued, counsel for Struthers “has the discretionary

authority to institute legal proceedings to collect the amount alleged to be due the

public office.” (3/13/06 Letter, p. 1.) Nowhere does this notice authorize the City of

Struthers to simply deduct money from any of Appellee's paychecks. Importantly, on

October 31, 2006, the city and Appellee received another letter from the Auditor of
                                                                                    -5-

State stating that the notice of proposed finding had been withdrawn. Apparently, the

State of Ohio ultimately concluded that Appellee had not been overpaid.

      {¶9}   If Struthers disagreed, the city’s recourse was to follow the direction of

the Auditor of State and file a civil action to collect the alleged overpayment.

Appellee would then have been given a fair opportunity to raise defenses (such as

the statute of limitations for a contract action) that may have defeated Auditor's 31-

year old claim for overpayment.      Auditor did not file an action to collect the

overpayment, nor did she file a counterclaim in Appellee's small claims action. Thus,

Appellee was not even afforded an opportunity to prepare a proper defense to

Auditor's argument about the alleged overpayment. We find no legal basis to justify

Struthers using what appears to be a form of self-help when it reduced Appellant’s

final paychecks to collect a clearly disputed amount of alleged overpayments.

      {¶10} Auditor seems to be concerned that the award to Appellee will create a

bad precedent for other retiring employees, because the judgment forces Struthers in

some manner to violate its local ordinances setting salary rates. Auditor concedes

that Appellee was owed $24,511.38 for the time he worked in 2011.               Auditor

contends that Appellee's paychecks that were actually issued in calendar year 2011

and that, when totaled together, should equal $24,511.38. Auditor argues that this is

the proper way to calculate the amount owed to Appellee for the 174 days he worked

in 2011 -- simply add up the paychecks issued in 2011. There is no merit to this

argument. The record does reflect that Appellee was paid on an accrual basis, so

the date on which his paycheck was issued had nothing to do with the time period
                                                                                    -6-

covered by the paycheck. A number of Struthers’ pay ordinances are found in the

record.   None of them require a specific type of accounting system to be used,

prohibit accrual accounting, or require that each dollar owed to a salaried employee

be physically delivered to each employee within the calendar year for which that

salary is authorized. Struthers was free to develop and use any accounting system it

desired to pay its employees, and Appellees apparently have been paid on an

accrual basis for many years. Employees' paychecks were issued 10 days after the

close of each 14-day pay period.      Thus, the first two paychecks issued in 2011

covered 17 days of work from 2010. These 17 days should not have been treated as

though they were part of Appellee’s 2011 salary. Struthers cannot rely on a different

accounting system (in effect, a cash based system) to calculate Appellee's final

paychecks without also determining whether Appellee was actually paid for each day

he worked in 2011 and each year of previous employment.

      {¶11} Because Auditor has conceded on appeal all the necessary facts to

determine the amount Appellee should have been awarded by the trial court and this

award appears to conform to the relevant law, Struthers’ pay ordinances, and with

the accrual accounting system used to pay Appellee in 2011, at least, we hereby

modify the trial court’s judgment accordingly.      There is no basis for Auditor's

argument than an additional $595 should be deducted from the lawful amount of the

judgment to take into account an alleged overpayment from 1980 to 2004. Auditor

and the city were not authorized to resort to self-help to collect this overpayment.

Instead, Auditor was required to rely on the legal remedies available to the city as it
                                                                                       -7-

was directed by the Auditor of State if it contested the Auditor’s determination. We

hereby affirm the trial court’s decision in favor of Appellee but modify the trial court’s

judgment and enter judgment in favor of Appellee, Harold L. Milligan, Jr., in the

amount of $2,401.46, as well as 4% interest on the judgment as of the date of the

trial court’s judgment entry (from September 30, 2011), plus court costs of the small

claims action. Costs of the appeal charged to Appellant.


Vukovich, J., concurs.

DeGenaro, P.J., dissents; see dissenting opinion.
                                                                                     -8-

DeGenaro, P.J., dissents.
      {¶12} The trial court’s decision should be affirmed as we do not have
jurisdiction to modify the decision. Appellee did not file a notice of cross appeal, yet
argues for modification of the trial court’s judgment. App.R. 3( C) provides:

      (1) Cross appeal required. A person who intends to defend a judgment
      or order against an appeal taken by an appellant and who also seeks to
      change the judgment or order or, in the event the judgment or order
      may be reversed or modified, an interlocutory ruling merged into the
      judgment or order, shall file a notice of cross appeal within the time
      allowed by App.R. 4.
      (2) Cross appeal not required. A person who intends to defend a
      judgment or order appealed by an appellant on a ground other than that
      relied on by the trial court but who does not seek to change the
      judgment or order is not required to file a notice of cross appeal.

      {¶13} Appellee is not merely arguing that the trial court’s decision should be
affirmed; rather, he is arguing it is incorrect, and seeking a modification. He makes
his argument not to defend the trial court’s judgment; to protect it with a shield;
instead he argues it is incorrect, attacking it with a sword. The Second District’s
decision in Yates v. Kanani, 2nd Dist. No. 23492, 2010-Ohio-2631 is directly on point:

             In his appellee's brief, Kanani, pro se, argues that the trial court
      should have offset his award by only $530, the amount of Yates's
      security deposit, rather than award double damages to Yates. We
      understand Kanani's argument; however, in order for this Court to have
      jurisdiction over Kanani's claim of error, Kanani was required to file a
      notice of cross appeal. Under App.R. 3(C), a notice of cross appeal
      must be filed by a party “who intends to defend a judgment or order
      against an appeal taken by an appellant and who also seeks to change
      the judgment or order * * *.” (Emphasis added.) Kanani did not file a
                                                                                       -9-

       notice of cross-appeal in this case. Accordingly, we lack jurisdiction to
       determine the error that Kanani claims.

Id., ¶32.
       {¶14} We likewise lack jurisdiction to modify the trial court’s decision here.
That Auditor and Appellee are both arguing the amount of the trial court’s judgment is
incorrect, that they both are wielding the same sword, is irrelevant. Only Auditor can
seek reversal or modification of the trial court’s entry because it preserved the
opportunity to do so by filing a notice of appeal, whereas Appellee did not.
       {¶15} This court has recognized the distinction between an Appellee using an
assignment of error or argument to shield a trial court judgment as opposed to using
it as a sword to modify or reverse it:

              In a civil suit, a party has no standing to cross appeal a final
       judgment on the merits in its favor but may advance an assignment of
       error as appellee to prevent reversal of the final judgment that was in its
       favor. Seringetti Constr. Co. v. Cincinnati (1988), 51 Ohio App.3d 1;
       R.C. 2505.22; App.R. 3(C). These rules allow an appellee who has not
       filed a notice of appeal from a trial court's decision to assign error to the
       trial court's actions. Duracote Corp. v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.
       (1983), 2 Ohio St.3d 160; Parton v. Weilnau (1959), 169 Ohio St. 145.
       Significantly, however, these errors may be used by the appellee as a
       shield to protect the judgment of the lower court but may not be used by
       the appellee as a sword to destroy or modify that judgment. Id. In other
       words, such assignments of error may be used only for the limited
       purpose of preventing the reversal of the judgment under review.
       Chapman v. Ohio State Dental Bd. (1986), 33 Ohio App.3d 324.

Holstein v. Ohio Valley Vulcanizing, Inc., 7th Dist. No. 06 BE 41, 2007-Ohio-3329,
¶35.
                                                                                     -10-

       {¶16} Here, Appellee is using his argument as a sword, urging us to modify
the trial court’s judgment, which we lack the jurisdiction to do. He is not attempting to
raise a conditional assignment of error as a shield, urging us to affirm the trial court’s
judgment, as the appellee in Holstein did. Although we did not address the merits of
the Appellee’s conditional assignment of error because we affirmed the decision
within the context of Appellant’s assigned error; we nonetheless articulated the
distinction between the appropriate mechanisms available to an appellee when
seeking to defend or modify a judgment in their favor.
       {¶17} Accordingly, I would affirm the judgment of the trial court.
