[Cite as Lindenmayer v. Lindenmayer, 2012-Ohio-3172.]


                                      COURT OF APPEALS
                                    LICKING COUNTY, OHIO
                                  FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

VERNON LINDENMAYER                                      JUDGES:
                                                        Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J.
        Plaintiff-Appellant                             Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J.
                                                        Hon. John W. Wise, J.
-vs-
                                                        Case No. 12-CA-00012
STEPHANIE LINDENMAYER

        Defendant-Appellee                              OPINION




CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                            Appeal from the Licking County Court of
                                                    Common Pleas, Domestic Relations
                                                    Division Case No. 08 DR 01286 CRB


JUDGMENT:                                           Affirmed in part; Reversed in part, and
                                                    Remanded


DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                             July 12, 2012


APPEARANCES:


For Plaintiff-Appellant                             For Defendant-Appellee


CINDY RIPKO                                         STEPHANIE LINDENMAYER, PRO SE
35 S. Park Pl., #201                                PO Box 1241
Newark, Ohio 43055                                  Hebron, Ohio 43025
Licking County, Case No. 12-CA-00012                                                      2

Hoffman, P.J.


      {¶1}      Plaintiff-appellant Vernon C. Lindenmayer (“Husband”) appeals the

February 7, 2012 Decree of Divorce (Remand) entered by the Licking County Court of

Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, which ordered him to pay spousal support

in the amount of $500/month to defendant-appellee Stephanie L. Lindenmayer (“Wife”),

following this Court’s remand.

                            STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE

      {¶2}      Husband and Wife were married in April, 1997. Two children were born of

the marriage.

      {¶3}      In August, 2008, the Licking County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile

Division, granted emergency shelter care custody of the parties’ two children to Licking

County Children Services (“LCCS”) in Licking County Juvenile Court Case Nos. C2008–

0639 and C2008–0640. On October 27, 2010, the juvenile court granted legal custody

of both children to Husband and terminated LCCS's involvement.

      {¶4}      While the juvenile matter was proceeding, Husband filed a Complaint for

Divorce in the Licking County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, on

September 17, 2008. The matter proceeded to a full evidentiary hearing on May 24,

2010, at which Wife argued her case pro se.

      {¶5}      On July 8, 2010, prior to the trial court’s issuing the divorce decree, Wife

filed a Petition in Bankruptcy, which resulted in a stay of the divorce proceedings. After

the bankruptcy was discharged, the trial court reactivated the instant action. The trial

court scheduled a status hearing on January 11, 2011, at which Wife appeared with
Licking County, Case No. 12-CA-00012                                                     3


counsel. The trial ordered the parties to submit respective proposed judgment

entries/decrees.

      {¶6}   The trial court issued a final decree of divorce on March 8, 2011. The

court, inter alia, divided marital property and debt, ordered no spousal support for either

party, and ordered that jurisdiction over the children would remain with the juvenile

court. Wife filed a timely notice of appeal. This Court remanded the matter to the trial

court on the sole issue of spousal support. Lindenmayer v. Lindenmayer, 5th App. No.

11CA43, 2011 -Ohio- 5511.

      {¶7}   Upon remand, the trial court ordered Husband to pay Wife spousal

support in the amount of $500/month. The trial court noted, “[s]aid order shall continue

as a permanent order or until the death of either party.” February 7, 2012 Decree of

Divorce (Remand) at 8. The trial court expressly retained jurisdiction over the issue of

spousal support in both amount and duration.

      {¶8}   It is from the February 7, 2012 Decree of Divorce (Remand) Husband

appeals, raising the following assignments of error:

      {¶9}   “I. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN AWARDING

SPOUSAL SUPPORT TO APPELLEE, BOTH AS TO AMOUNT, DURATION, AND

CONDITIONS FOR RESERVATION OF JURISDICTION.

      {¶10} “II. THE TRIAL COURT’S AWARD OF SPOUSAL SUPPORT, BOTH AS

TO    AMOUNT,      DURATION,       AND     CONDITIONS       FOR     RESERVATION        OF

JURISDICTION IS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.”
Licking County, Case No. 12-CA-00012                                                    4


                                              I, II

       {¶11} Husband’s assignments of error are interrelated and shall be addressed

together. In his first assignment of error, Husband maintains the trial court abused its

discretion in awarding spousal support and as to the amount, duration, and conditions

thereof.   In his second assignment of error, Husband challenges the weight of the

evidence relative to the award of spousal support, including the amount, duration, and

conditions.

       {¶12} A trial court's decision concerning spousal support may be altered only if it

constitutes an abuse of discretion. Kunkle v. Kunkle (1990), 51 Ohio St.3d 64, 67, 554

N.E.2d 83. An abuse of discretion connotes more than an error of law or judgment; it

implies that the court's attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable.

Blakemore v. Blakemore (1983), 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 450 N.E.2d 1140.

       {¶13} R.C. 3105.18(C)(1)(a) through (n), which sets forth the factors a trial court

is to consider in determining whether spousal support is appropriate and reasonable

and in determining the nature, amount, terms of payment, and duration of spousal

support, provides:

       {¶14} “(C)(1) In determining whether spousal support is appropriate and

reasonable, and in determining the nature, amount, and terms of payment, and duration

of spousal support, which is payable either in gross or in installments, the court shall

consider all of the following factors:

                     “(a) The income of the parties, from all sources,

              including, but not limited to, income derived from property

              divided, disbursed, or distributed under section 3105.171 of
Licking County, Case No. 12-CA-00012                                            5


            the Revised Code; (b) The relative earning abilities of the

            parties; (c) The ages and the physical, mental, and

            emotional conditions of the parties; (d) The retirement

            benefits of the parties; (e) The duration of the marriage; (f)

            The extent to which it would be inappropriate for a party,

            because that party will be custodian of a minor child of the

            marriage, to seek employment outside the home; (g) The

            standard of living of the parties established during the

            marriage; (h) The relative extent of education of the parties;

            (i) The relative assets and liabilities of the parties, including

            but not limited to any court-ordered payments by the parties;

            (j) The contribution of each party to the education, training,

            or earning ability of the other party, including, but not limited

            to, any party's contribution to the acquisition of a

            professional degree of the other party; (k) The time and

            expense necessary for the spouse who is seeking spousal

            support to acquire education, training, or job experience so

            that the spouse will be qualified to obtain appropriate

            employment, provided the education, training, or job

            experience, and employment is, in fact, sought; (l) The tax

            consequences, for each party, of an award of spousal

            support; (m) The lost income production capacity of either

            party that resulted from that party's marital responsibilities;
Licking County, Case No. 12-CA-00012                                                     6


             (n) Any other factor that the court expressly finds to be

             relevant and equitable.”

      {¶15} For the same reasons we remanded the issue of spousal support in Wife’s

prior appeal, we find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in awarding Wife spousal

support in the amount of $500/month, and we further find the amount of the award was

not against the manifest weight of the evidence. Husband, born in 1972, earns

approximately $71,500/year and also receives $9,000/year in Social Security benefits

on behalf of the parties' two children. Wife, born in 1966, worked until 1996, as a

registered nurse. She currently receives $16,752/year in Social Security disability

benefits for a mental-health diagnosis. Wife was a stay-at-home parent after the first

child was born until LCCS intervened in 2008. She has no investment or retirement

accounts. Pursuant to the divorce decree, Husband was awarded his 401(k) of $10,000

in the property division. The duration of the marriage was approximately 11 years, from

April 24, 1997, until September 17, 2008, as such it was a marriage of some significant

length. Husband was awarded, inter alia, the house and the Audi, although the loan

balances exceeded the market value of both assets.

      {¶16} The purpose of spousal support is “for sustenance and support of the * * *

former spouse.” Robbins v. Robbins, Clark App. No. 06CA0136, 2008-Ohio-495, 2008

WL 344143, ¶ 22, citing R.C. 3105.18(A). Following the original decree of divorce, Wife

was left at a near-poverty level. She lost her stake in the marital home, has no

retirement money, and is left, in her mid-forties, with few personal possessions.

Although not the result of the trial court's orders, she has lost custody of her children,

gone through a bankruptcy, and faces the task of treating her bipolar condition
Licking County, Case No. 12-CA-00012                                                    7


sufficiently to enable re-entry into the workforce, from which she has been absent for

over 15 years. Considering the significant disparity in the parties' incomes and the

limitations on Wife's occupational and economic situation in the foreseeable future, we

find the trial court’s order of $500/month as spousal support was not an abuse of

discretion and was not against the manifest weight of the evidence.

      {¶17} We do, however, find the trial court’s spousal support order requires some

clarification. The trial court indicated the “[spousal support] order shall continue as a

permanent order or until the death of either party.” February 7, 2012 Decree of Divorce

(Remand) at 8. In our first Opinion, we instructed the trial court to reserve jurisdiction

over spousal support. We find the trial court’s use of the word “permanent” to describe

the award is a mischaracterization. After noting the award was “a permanent order”, the

trial court, in the next sentence of the decree, expressly retained jurisdiction over the

issue of spousal support in both amount and duration. Thus, it is clear the trial court

meant for the spousal support award to continue until further order of the court, not to

continue indefinitely as the word “permanent” implies.

      {¶18} Husband also asserts the trial court should have included “remarriage”

and “cohabitation” as conditions for the termination of the spousal support award. We

agree with Husband the trial court should have included “remarriage” as a condition for

the termination of the support order. However, although Wife was cohabiting at the time

of the final hearing, we do not find “cohabitation” should necessarily mandate

termination of spousal support. The trial court was aware of Wife’s living arrangements

and factored such when it determined the amount of support.
Licking County, Case No. 12-CA-00012                                                      8


      {¶19} Husband’s first and second assignments of error are sustained in part,

and overruled in part.

      {¶20} The judgment entry of the Licking County Court of Common Pleas,

Domestic Relations Division, is affirmed in part; reversed in part; and remanded to the

trial court to reissue the decree of divorce to include “remarriage” as a condition for

termination of spousal support.

By: Hoffman, P.J.

Farmer, J. and

Wise, J. concur

                                            s/ William B. Hoffman _________________
                                            HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN


                                            s/ Sheila G. Farmer __________________
                                            HON. SHEILA G. FARMER


                                            s/ John W. Wise _____________________
                                            HON. JOHN W. WISE
Licking County, Case No. 12-CA-00012                                                 9


             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR LICKING COUNTY, OHIO
                         FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT


VERNON LINDENMAYER                         :
                                           :
       Plaintiff-Appellant                 :
                                           :
-vs-                                       :         JUDGMENT ENTRY
                                           :
STEPHANIE LINDENMAYER                      :
                                           :
       Defendant-Appellee                  :         Case No. 12-CA-00012


       For the reasons stated in our accompanying Opinion, the judgment entry of the

Licking County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, is affirmed in part;

reversed in part; and remanded to the trial court to reissue the decree of divorce to

include “remarriage” as a condition for termination of spousal support. Costs to

Appellant.




                                           s/ William B. Hoffman _________________
                                           HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN


                                           s/ Sheila G. Farmer __________________
                                           HON. SHEILA G. FARMER


                                           s/ John W. Wise _____________________
                                           HON. JOHN W. WISE
