                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                           APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
    This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
 internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.




                                                     SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                     APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                     DOCKET NO. A-0196-18T2

IN THE MATTER OF THE
ANNA GRUMME TRUST
U/W/O WILLIAM GRUMME,
DECEASED.
______________________________

                Argued December 19, 2019 – Decided August 18, 2020

                Before Judges Alvarez, Suter and DeAlmeida.

                On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
                Chancery Division, Bergen County, Docket No.
                P-000208-17.

                William D. Russiello argued the cause for appellant
                William Grumme, Jr. (Leslie & Russiello, attorneys;
                William D. Russiello, of counsel and on the briefs;
                Jeffrey Zajac, on the briefs).

                Daniel L. Schmutter argued the cause for respondent
                Laurence Keiser, Trustee of the Anna Grumme Trust
                (Hartman & Winnicki, PC, attorneys; Daniel L.
                Schmutter, of counsel and on the brief; Tracey S. Bauer,
                on the brief).

                Respondent Margaret Grumme has not filed a brief.

PER CURIAM
        Defendant William Grumme, Jr. appeals from two August 6, 2018 orders

of the Chancery Division granting summary judgment approving plaintiff trustee

Laurence Keiser's final accounting of a trust of which William1 is a beneficiary

and dismissing William's exceptions to the accounting. We affirm.

                                         I.

        The following facts are derived from the record. William Grumme, Sr.

died in 1991. His last will and testament (Will) placed his residuary estate in

the Anna Grumme Trust (Trust) and designated his wife, Anna Grumme, and

Jerome Gettelson, as co-trustees. The Will did not restrict or in any way specify

the manner in which Trust assets were to be invested or managed by the trustees.

Instead, the Will gave the trustees broad authority to "hold, manage, invest and

reinvest" the assets in their discretion. In addition, the trustees had the right to

"retain for such periods of time as they may deem advisable, any property . . .

without being chargeable for any loss or depreciation which may result from

such retention."

        The Trust entitled Anna to its net income during her lifetime. Upon her

death, the trust principal was distributable in equal shares to decedent's children,

Margaret Grumme and William.


1
    Because the parties share a surname, we refer to them by their first names.
                                                                            A-0196-18T2
                                         2
      As permitted under the Will, Gettelson resigned and appointed Keiser to

replace him. However, the Will required "such appointment . . . be by a duly

acknowledged writing filed with the [c]ourt in which [the] Will is admitted to

probate."   Although both Gettelson and Keiser signed a resignation and

substitution, Anna did not, and the document was not acknowledged or filed

with the court. Keiser did not apply to qualify as a trustee and no letters of

trusteeship were issued to him.

      Keiser acted as co-trustee with Anna for years, during which they

discussed the Trust and his role as trustee multiple times. Anna never objected

to or questioned Keiser's status as trustee.

      In January 2010, Anna died. At that time, the Trust assets were invested

in two instruments: $537,064.35 of PNC Financial Services Group stock and

$332,786.86 in a Dreyfus Fund favoring technology stocks. Keiser certified that

he understood the investment allocation to be Anna's preference during her

lifetime.

      On May 6, 2010, Keiser, upon learning of Anna's death, notified Margaret

and William that he was the sole remaining trustee and was readying the Trust's

assets for distribution.    Shortly thereafter, Keiser received a letter from

Margaret's attorney stating that the Will contained a specific bequest of


                                                                       A-0196-18T2
                                         3
$100,000 to Margaret that she never received. The attorney requested Keiser

delay any Trust distributions until Margaret resolved a suit she intended to file

regarding her claimed bequest.

      Since he expected a lengthy court contest between Margaret and William,

Keiser, without the consent of either, sold the Trust assets and forwarded the

proceeds to an investment firm. The firm placed the funds in a brokerage

account with a more diversified portfolio. William claims he did not learn of

the change of investment strategy until six months later.

      On January 11, 2011, Keiser sent a letter to Margaret inquiring about her

lawsuit, informing her that "[t]he funds are being maintained in a brokerage

account[,]" and proposing that the beneficiaries discuss distribution. Margaret's

attorney responded that she intended to file suit for her claimed bequest and

requested Keiser continue to suspend distribution of the funds. Keiser also

notified William that the Trust funds were being maintained in a brokerage

account.

      On May 26, 2011, Margaret filed suit in the Chancery Division, alleging

she was entitled to a specific bequest of $100,000, which Anna, the executrix,

never gave to her and had diverted into the Trust.




                                                                         A-0196-18T2
                                       4
      On July 20, 2011, William sent a letter to Keiser demanding he distribute

the Trust corpus immediately. On August 5, 2011, William's counsel sent a

letter to Keiser instructing him to disregard William's letter and requesting he

prepare an accounting of the Trust for the beneficiaries.

      On February 17, 2012, the trial court issued an order restraining Keiser

from making distributions from the Trust while Margaret's suit was pending.

The beneficiaries settled the suit in June 2012. The court thereafter ordered

Keiser to make distributions from the Trust in accordance with the settlement

and to finalize administration of the Trust. On July 12, 2012, Keiser distributed

$205,000 to Margaret, per the settlement.

      On December 12, 2012, Keiser sent the beneficiaries an informal

accounting of the Trust's assets and a receipt, release, indemnification, and

refunding agreement.      Neither beneficiary responded.       Keiser sent the

documents to Margaret and William again on February 15, 2013.

      On February 28, 2013, Margaret's counsel replied, demanding the

indemnification provision be removed and requesting further information. On

March 1, 2013, Keiser produced the requested information, declined to remove

the indemnification provision, and stated that in the absence of an agreement on

indemnification, he would prepare a formal accounting and request judicial


                                                                         A-0196-18T2
                                        5
approval. On March 20, 2013, William's counsel sent Keiser a letter nearly

identical to that sent by Margaret's counsel and Keiser responded in

substantively identical fashion.

      On September 17, 2013, Keiser informed the beneficiaries he would begin

a formal accounting in preparation for a court filing if he did not hear from them

in ten days. After several failed attempts to negotiate resolution of the matter,

Keiser retained counsel to conclude the trust judicially.

      On October 19, 2016, Margaret filed an order to show cause in the

Chancery Division seeking to compel a formal accounting and distribution of

Trust assets. Keiser joined Margaret's application.

      On December 6, 2016, William responded with an order to show cause,

requesting, among other things, an order: (1) restraining Keiser from making

distributions from the Trust; (2) removing him as trustee; (3) appointing a

replacement trustee; (4) compelling Keiser to repay the Trust for lost principal

and profits from his mismanagement; and (5) awarding counsel fees and punitive

damages. The court allowed Margaret's action to proceed and William to raise

his claims as exceptions to Keiser's accounting.

      Keiser ultimately moved for summary judgment seeking approval of his

final accounting, dismissal of William's exceptions, and permission to submit a


                                                                          A-0196-18T2
                                        6
final calculation of his accounting and attorney's fees. William cross-moved for

summary judgment on eight exceptions: (1) Keiser's decision to liquidate and

reinvest the Trust corpus was unauthorized and caused lost profits, unnecess ary

taxes, and increased commissions; (2) the fees and commissions claimed by

Keiser and his counsel are excessive or due to his mismanagement; (3) Keiser's

legal and fiduciary fees are due to his mismanagement; (4) Keiser's final

accounting should not be accepted; (5) Keiser should be discharged as trustee

only after he compensates the Trust for his mismanagement; (6) Keiser's

requested relief should be denied; (7) Keiser's expenses of $139,208.72 are

illegitimate because they are the result of his mismanagement, and Keiser should

be charged for damage caused to the Trust, punitive damages, interest, and

attorney's costs and fees; (8) the Trust corpus of $515,103.01 is less than what

it would be but for Keiser's re-allocation, and because the initial allocation if

left undisturbed would have had a present day value of $2,229,028.90, Keiser

should be charged the difference, $1,713,925.89.

      On August 6, 2018, Judge James J. DeLuca issued a comprehensive

written opinion granting Keiser's motion for summary judgment, approving the

final accounting, denying William's cross-motion, and dismissing his




                                                                         A-0196-18T2
                                       7
exceptions.     The court ordered Keiser to submit a final calculation of

professional fees incurred by the Trust since the date of the final account ing.

      Judge DeLuca found no evidence of a breach of fiduciary duty by Keiser.

To the contrary, he concluded based on established law and the trust document,

Keiser had a duty to diversify the Trust corpus. The court explained,

              even granting William[] all favorable inferences for
              purposes of the instant motion and assuming that he
              never learned of the reinvestment until months after the
              fact, there still is no evidence of a fiduciary breach by
              Keiser. The statutory and case law permits and, indeed,
              requires a trustee to diversify trust assets. Under the
              Prudent Investor Act, N.J.S.A. 3B:20-11.1 [to] -11.12,
              "[a] fiduciary shall diversify the investments of the trust
              unless the fiduciary reasonably determines that,
              because of special circumstances, the purposes of the
              trust are better served without diversifying." N.J.S.A.
              3B:20-11.4 (emphasis added). Likewise, "[t]he trustee
              is under a duty to the beneficiary to exercise prudence
              in diversifying the investments so as to minimize the
              risk of large losses, and therefore he should not invest
              a disproportionately large part of the trust estate in a
              particular security or type of security." Commercial
              Trust Co. of N.J. v. Barnard, 27 N.J. 332, 343 (1958)
              (quoting Restatement (Second) of Trusts § 228, cmt.
              (a)).

              William['s] main argument to the contrary is that the
              Trust effectively ended upon Anna's death,
              extinguishing any trustee powers except in the course
              of effectuating the final distributions.

Yet, the court concluded, the provision of the Will on which William relies:


                                                                            A-0196-18T2
                                          8
           does not nearly contain the unambiguous command that
           William[] reads into it – it does not identify a date
           certain upon which the Trust terminates, it does not
           provide any deadline by which distributions must be
           made, and it does not limit the trustee's powers while
           he is accomplishing the named duties. Absent some
           manifest expression of the settlor's intent, Keiser's
           conduct was limited by only the underlying law. . . .
           This underlying law grants a trustee wide discretion to
           carry out the final administration . . . .

                 ....

           In light of these clear authorities, the only legitimate
           basis upon which William[] could attack Keiser's
           reinvestment decision is that it was not a prudent
           financial move under the circumstances.

                 ....

           [Keiser] sold the two securities and forwarded the
           proceeds to an investment firm "to be properly and
           safely invested during the litigation." William[] has
           supplied no evidence that this was anything but a
           conservative financial decision made by a trustee who
           is empowered to make just such a decision.

     Judge DeLuca also rejected William's challenge to the legitimacy of

Keiser's appointment as trustee. The judge found

           [t]he record contains Keiser's extensive correspondence
           with the beneficiaries over several years, and it does not
           show any instance of Margaret, William[], or any of
           their attorneys questioning Keiser's status. To the
           contrary, the beneficiaries dealt with him as an ordinary
           trustee, asking him to make or delay distributions, to
           provide certain documents, and to account for his

                                                                        A-0196-18T2
                                       9
            activities – all acts that are within a trustee's exclusive
            purview.

The court concluded that

            William[] did not challenge Keiser's legitimacy until
            the instant action, and it would be inequitable for the
            [c]ourt to allow him to raise the argument now after
            Keiser carried out the substantive business of the Trust
            for years.

                ....

            If William[] or his prior counsel thought to investigate
            Keiser's letters of trusteeship before 2016, they would
            have discovered that no letters were ever issued. The
            [c]ourt therefore finds it just to conclude that William[]
            was at least constructively aware of the procedural
            defects in Keiser's appointment – he knew or should
            have known that the letters of trusteeship were not
            issued. He nevertheless accepted Keiser as trustee for
            more than six years, and he is equitably estopped from
            challenging now. . . . William[] took the position, both
            implicitly and explicitly, that he recognized Keiser as
            trustee. If he had indicated otherwise, Keiser would
            have had an opportunity to seek a judicial
            determination of his authority.

      The court also noted the defects in Keiser's appointment were purely

procedural and had "no bearing on his substantive fitness to serve as trustee or

on the propriety of his conduct while in that role. To hold that Keiser was not a

trustee would be to hold form over substance, a notion odious to equity. "




                                                                          A-0196-18T2
                                       10
      Finally, the court rejected William's claim that Keiser converted the Trust

assets. Judge DeLuca concluded Keiser was authorized to reinvest the corpus

and did not exercise ownership rights over the property of another, given that a

trustee holds legal title to the Trust assets. In addition, the court held that

Keiser's reinvestment of the funds did not alter their condition or exclude any

owner's rights to the property.

      Two August 6, 2018 orders memorialize Judge DeLuca's decision. On

August 24, 2018, the judge determined the fees and commissions requested by

Keiser were legitimate and reasonable.

      This appeal followed. William raises the following arguments for our

consideration.

            POINT I

            THE   CHANCERY    DIVISION ERRED BY
            APPROVING THE VALIDITY OF KEISER'S
            UNILATERAL SALE AND REINVESTMENT OF
            THE TRUST CORPUS.

            POINT II

            IN THE EVENT THE APPELLATE                   DIVISION
            REVERSES    THE   CHANCERY                   DIVISION
            DECISION, THE ORDER AWARDING                 COUNSEL
            FEES AND COMMISSIONS TO THE                  TRUSTEE
            SHOULD BE VACATED.



                                                                         A-0196-18T2
                                      11
             POINT III

             THE CHANCERY DIVISION ERRED IN HOLDING
             THAT THE DEFENDANT WAS EQUITABLY
             ESTOPPED   FROM     CHALLENGING     THE
             LEGITIMACY OF KEISER AS TRUSTEE FOR THE
             ESTATE.

             POINT IV 2

             THE CHANCERY DIVISION ERRED BY HOLDING
             THAT KEISER'S SALE AND REINVESTMENT OF
             THE TRUST CORPUS DID NOT CONSTITUTE A
             CONVERSION.

                                        II.

       "Our review of '[f]inal determinations made by the trial court sitting in a

non-jury case . . . [is] limited and well-established.'" Balducci v. Cige, 456 N.J.

Super. 219, 233 (App. Div. 2018) (alterations in original) (quoting Seidman v.

Clifton Sav. Bank, 205 N.J. 150, 169 (2011)). The trial court's findings of fact

are "binding on appeal when supported by adequate, substantial, credible

evidence." Ibid. (quoting Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 411-12 (1998)). "[W]e

do not disturb the factual findings and legal conclusions of the trial [court]

unless we are convinced that they are so manifestly unsupported by or

inconsistent with the competent, relevant and reasonably credible evidence as to



2
    Erroneously labeled as Point V.
                                                                           A-0196-18T2
                                       12
offend the interests of justice." Ibid. (alterations in the original) (quoting In re

Forfeiture of Pers. Weapons & Firearms Identification Card Belonging to F.M.,

225 N.J. 487, 506 (2016)).

      In addition, we review the trial court's decision granting summary

judgment de novo, using "the same standard that governs trial courts in

reviewing summary judgment orders." Prudential Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co. v.

Boylan, 307 N.J. Super. 162, 167 (App. Div. 1998). Rule 4:46-2(c) provides

that a court should grant summary judgment when "the pleadings, depositi ons,

answers to interrogatories and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if

any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact challenged and

that the moving party is entitled to a judgment or order as a matter of law."

"Thus, the movant must show that there does not exist a 'genuine issue' as to a

material fact and not simply one 'of an insubstantial nature'; a non-movant will

be unsuccessful 'merely by pointing to any fact in dispute.'" Prudential, 307 N.J.

Super. at 167 (quoting Brill v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 142 N.J. 520, 529-

30 (1995)).

      Self-serving assertions that are unsupported by evidence are insufficient

to create a genuine issue of material fact. Miller v. Bank of Am. Home Loan

Servicing, L.P., 439 N.J. Super. 540, 551 (App. Div. 2015).            "Competent


                                                                            A-0196-18T2
                                        13
opposition requires 'competent evidential material' beyond mere 'speculation'

and 'fanciful arguments.'" Hoffman v. Asseenontv.Com, Inc., 404 N.J. Super.

415, 426 (App. Div. 2009) (citations omitted). We review the record " based on

our consideration of the evidence in the light most favorable to the parties

opposing summary judgment." Brill, 142 N.J. at 523-24.

      "The primary purpose of a trustee should be to preserve the trust estate,

while receiving a reasonable amount of income, rather than to take risks for the

purpose of increasing the principal or income. In other words, a trustee must be

not merely careful and skillful but also cautious." Barnard, 27 N.J. at 343

(citations omitted). "The exercise of such 'care, skill, prudence and diligence'

. . . requires a fiduciary to diversify investments 'so as to minimize the risk of

large losses.'     Therefore[,] a prudent fiduciary 'should not invest a

disproportionately large part of [a] trust estate in a particula r security or type of

security.'" In re Will of Maxwell, 306 N.J. Super. 563, 585 (App. Div. 1997)

(second alteration in original) (quoting Barnard, 27 N.J. at 343).

             While winding up administration of the trust, the
             trustee is to continue holding and administering the
             trust estate, except as one or more preliminary
             distributions can be made without interfering with the
             windup process.

             During the windup period the trustee has a duty . . . to
             preserve and manage the trust property.

                                                                              A-0196-18T2
                                         14
            [Restatement (Third) of Trusts § 89 cmt. c (Am. Law
            Inst. 2012).]

      Having carefully considered William's arguments in light of these

principles, we affirm the August 6, 2018 orders for the reasons stated by Judge

DeLuca in his thorough and well-written opinion. As Judge DeLuca concluded,

Keiser's duties as trustee did not end upon Anna's death. He had a fiduciary

responsibility to distribute the corpus of the Trust.       However, in light of

Margaret's suit claiming entitlement to a specific bequest, the trial court ordered

Keiser to refrain from distributing the Trust's funds. As trustee, Keiser had the

authority to exercise his discretion with respect to diversifying the Trust's assets

while awaiting resolution of Margaret's suit. We note, as did Judge DeLuca,

Keiser's many attempts to effectuate the distribution of the Trust's assets sooner

were frustrated by the inaction and ongoing disputes of the beneficiaries.

      We also agree that the defects in Keiser's appointment as trustee were

procedural in nature and did not touch upon his qualifications or ability to serve

as trustee. We see no error in the trial court's conclusion that Keiser was the "de

facto trustee in all respects[,]" that Anna acquiesced in Keiser's exercise of

authority as her co-trustee, and that William did not challenge the legitimacy of




                                                                            A-0196-18T2
                                        15
Keiser's appointment until he was dissatisfied with Keiser's investment

decisions after a long period of acknowledging Keiser as a trustee.

      To the extent we have not specifically addressed any of William's

remaining claims, we conclude they lack sufficient merit to warrant discussion

in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).

      Affirmed.3




3
  William argues the August 24, 2018 order awarding fees and commissions
should be reversed only if we reverse the August 6, 2018 orders.
                                                                       A-0196-18T2
                                      16
