
9 Mich. App. 102 (1967)
155 N.W.2d 857
VRIESMAN
v.
ROSS.
Docket No. 2,343.
Michigan Court of Appeals.
Decided December 6, 1967.
Marcus, McCroskey, Libner, Reamon, Williams & Dilley, for plaintiff.
Scholten & Fant, for defendant.
*104 WISE, J.
The circuit court judge who heard this automobile negligence case ordered a judgment of no cause of action in favor of defendant, and plaintiff appeals.
The facts reveal that on February 2, 1963, an automobile being driven by defendant's mother, Helen V. Ross, collided with plaintiff's truck and semitrailer which was stopped and parked on the shoulder of plaintiff's side of US-31 in Berrien county, Michigan. It was established that the accident occurred as a result of the negligence of the defendant's mother. Mrs. Helen V. Ross and two children riding with her were killed. The plaintiff suffered personal injuries and his vehicle was extensively damaged.
Subsequently the plaintiff brought suit to recover damages in the amount of $15,000 asserting the liability of the defendant daughter as co-owner, pursuant to the provisions of CLS 1961, § 257.401 (Stat Ann 1960 Rev § 9.2101) of the Michigan vehicle code.
It appears that on July 1, 1958, a certificate of title to the automobile involved was issued in the names of Wilford A. and Helen V. Ross, parents of the defendant. Following the death of Mr. Ross, Helen V. Ross made application for and obtained a new certificate in the joint names of herself and the defendant, making the defendant the ostensible co-owner. At the time of the application for a new certificate of title the defendant was 14 years of age and presently is still a minor. Since shortly after her mother's death, the defendant has been under the legal guardianship of her uncle, Clarence E. Scott.
The vehicle was insured with the Wolverine Insurance Company, later called Tower Insurance Group, and Helen V. Ross was listed as the sole named insured.
*105 Subsequent to the collision, the defendant joined with the administrator of her mother's estate in making application for a duplicate certificate of title in her own name. After receiving such title, the Tower Insurance Group issued its check in the amount of $775 to the defendant in payment of the collision loss, recognizing the defendant's insurable interest as ostensible co-owner. The plaintiff indicated that the theory of estoppel does not apply to the instant case, in that the requisite elements are lacking.
The trial court determined that ownership of the vehicle had not vested in the defendant at the time of the collision, and hence she was not an "owner" within the meaning of the Michigan vehicle code.[1]
On appeal the plaintiff raises two questions. The first relates to whether at the time of the collision the defendant was the legal co-owner of the vehicle. The second involves a question of whether at the time of the collision the vehicle was being operated with the express or implied consent or knowledge of the defendant. The trial court did not address itself to the latter question nor will we, since it is not essential to our decision.
In this State the statutory language is explicit as to the requisites necessary for transferring legal title of a vehicle. Therefore in answering the plaintiff's first question we look to the pertinent provision of CLS 1956, § 257.233(d), as amended by PA 1959, No 250 (Stat Ann 1960 Rev § 9.1933[d])[2] to determine whether the alleged transfer was validly accomplished. It reads as follows:
"The owner shall indorse on the back of the certificate of title an assignment thereof with warranty of title in the form printed thereon with a statement *106 of all liens or encumbrances on said vehicle, sworn to before a notary public or some other person authorized by law to take acknowledgments, and deliver the same to the purchaser or transferee at the time of the delivery to him of such vehicle, which shall show the payment or satisfaction of any mortgage or lien as shown on the original title." (Emphasis supplied.)
The requirements of the statute are in mandatory terms, and case law has made it abundantly clear that failure to comply with the provisions negates the validity of the attempted transfer. See Waldron v. Drury's Van Lines, Inc. (1965), 1 Mich App 601; Drettmann v. Marchand (1953), 337 Mich 1.
In the instant case the plaintiff directs our attention to numerous cases which set forth the elements of a valid inter vivos gift. We find, however, that discussion of this area is unnecessary in that the statute involved determines the initial validity of the transfer of ownership to vehicle, whether by sale or gift. Taylor v. Burdick (1948), 320 Mich 25.
It is also necessary in reaching a decision that we consider CL 1948, § 55.113 (Stat Ann 1961 Rev § 5.1047), which gives presumptive validity to the truth of facts within an instrument to which a notary public affixes his seal. The presumption, however, is rebuttable, calling for clear, positive and credible evidence in opposition. Garrigan v. LaSalle Coca-Cola Bottling Co. (1961), 362 Mich 262.
At trial Mr. Nolan, the notary public whose signature appeared on the application for the new certificate of title, testified in unequivocal language that the transferor, Helen V. Ross, did not sign the application in his presence. It is also interesting to note, although it is not essential to our decision, that the defendant's unequivocal testimony reveals she had no knowledge of the transaction. *107 It is evident, therefore, that the attempted transfer did not meet the requirement of the statute that the certificate of application be "sworn to before a notary public." We conclude, therefore, that the testimony was sufficiently clear and positive to rebut the presumption afforded by the statute.
In reaching our decision we adopt the language of Dodson v. Imperial Motors, Inc. (CA 6, 1961), 295 F2d 609, which case we find controlling. There, as here, the cause grew out of the asserted invalidity of a notary public's certification. In discussing the aforementioned provision of the Michigan vehicle code, the court states at page 613:
"The plaintiffs, relying on such statute, must establish strict compliance with the transfer statute to gain the advantage of the strict liability sought to be imposed on Imperial. The language of the transfer statute is mandatory that an owner transferor `shall indorse on the back of the certificate of title an assignment, * * * sworn to before a notary public.' We are not at liberty to sever from this statute an integral part thereof and hold it a nonessential."
Based upon the prior considerations and the issues raised we conclude that at the time of the collision the defendant was not the owner of the vehicle, and concur in the decision of the trial court.
Affirmed. Costs awarded to appellee.
HOLBROOK, P.J., and BURNS, J., concurred.
NOTES
[1]  CLS 1961, § 257.37 (Stat Ann 1960 Rev § 9.1837).
[2]  See, currently, CLS 1961, § 257.233(d) as amended by PA 1964, No 248 (Stat Ann 1965 Cum Supp § 9.1933[d]).
