                                                               NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 ___________

                                       No. 14-3971
                                       ___________

                                 CARMEN D. DUNSON,
                                             Appellant

                                             v.

                        COMMISSIONER SOCIAL SECURITY
                       ____________________________________

                     On Appeal from the United States District Court
                        for the Western District of Pennsylvania
                         (D.C. Civil Action No. 2:13-cv-00750)
                        District Judge: Honorable Cathy Bissoon
                      ____________________________________

                    Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                     June 1, 2015

             Before: AMBRO, VANASKIE and SLOVITER, Circuit Judges

                              (Opinion filed: June 11, 2015)
                                      ___________

                                        OPINION*
                                       ___________
PER CURIAM

       Pro se appellant Carmen Dunson appeals the District Court’s order affirming the

final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security, which denied her application for

Disability Insurance Benefits (“DIB”) and Supplemental Security Income (“SSI”) under


*
 This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
the Social Security Act (the “Act”). For the reasons set forth below, we will affirm the

District Court’s judgment.

       We write primarily for the parties and therefore recite only the facts necessary to

our disposition. In September 2003, Dunson suffered a back injury during the course of

her employment as a cleaner for the University of Pittsburgh. After several months of

medical treatment and physical therapy, her doctors cleared her to return to “light duty”

work, with limited lifting and bending; however, no such work was available at the

University. In 2005, she applied for, and was awarded, workers’ compensation benefits.

In 2009, Dunson worked for a few months as a part-time security guard, but she has not

been otherwise employed since 2003. In part based on her apparent ability to work as a

security guard, the University petitioned to terminate Dunson’s workers’ compensation

benefits. In July 2010, after a hearing, the Department of Labor granted the petition and

terminated her workers’ compensation benefits effective May 2009.

       In August 2010, Dunson filed applications for DIB and SSI, alleging that she had

been disabled since September 2003 due to spinal stenosis and severe back spasms. After

her applications were denied, Dunson requested a hearing before an Administrative Law

Judge (“ALJ”), at which she was represented by counsel. At the hearing, counsel

amended Dunson’s alleged disability onset date from September 2003 to January 1, 2009.

       On November 2, 2011, the ALJ denied Dunson’s request for benefits. The ALJ

determined that Dunson’s “degenerative disc disease with chronic back pain” did qualify

as a “severe impairment” under the Act, but was not equivalent to one of the

                                             2
employment-precluding impairments listed in the relevant regulations. Based on the

record evidence, including Dunson’s testimony, the ALJ concluded that Dunson

possessed the residual functional capacity to perform a limited range of sedentary work,

assuming that work would allow her to alternate sitting and standing positions

approximately every thirty minutes. Based on the testimony of a vocational expert, the

ALJ ruled that—taking into consideration Dunson’s age, education, previous work

experience, and residual functional capacity—there were jobs that existed in significant

numbers in the national economy that Dunson could perform. Consequently, the ALJ

determined that Dunson was not disabled within the meaning of the Social Security Act,

and thus not entitled to DIB or SSI benefits.1

       Dunson appealed the ALJ’s decision to the Appeals Council, which denied review.

Proceeding pro se, Dunson then filed an action in the District Court. Approving and

adopting the Report and Recommendation of the Magistrate Judge, the District Court

affirmed the ALJ’s decision and granted judgment in favor of the Commissioner. This

appeal followed.

       Like the District Court, we must uphold the ALJ’s findings, including credibility

determinations, if they are supported by substantial evidence. 42 U.S.C. § 405(g);


1
  The relevant period for Dunson’s DIB claim began on her alleged disability onset date,
and ended on December 31, 2009, when she no longer qualified for DIB coverage. The
relevant period for her SSI claim began on the date she applied for benefits, and ended on
November 2, 2011, the date of the ALJ’s decision. The ALJ found that Dunson was not
disabled, as defined by the Social Security Act, from January 1, 2009, through the date of
his decision.

                                             3
Rutherford v. Barnhart, 399 F.3d 546, 552 (3d Cir. 2005). “Substantial evidence is such

relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a

conclusion.” Rutherford, 399 F.3d at 552 (quotation omitted). It is “more than a mere

scintilla but may be somewhat less than a preponderance of the evidence.” Id. (quotation

omitted). We review the record as a whole to determine whether a factual finding is

supported by substantial evidence. Zirnsak v. Colvin, 777 F.3d 607, 610 (3d Cir. 2014)

(citing Schaudeck v. Comm’r, 181 F.3d 429, 431 (3d Cir. 1999)). We exercise plenary

review over the District Court’s determination of legal issues, including whether it was

proper for the District Court to decline to remand the matter to the ALJ for consideration

of new evidence. See Matthews v. Apfel, 239 F.3d 589, 591 (3d Cir. 2001).

       As a threshold matter, the District Court properly held that it could not consider

any evidence that was not part of the record considered by the ALJ. Matthews, 239 F.3d

at 594 (citing Jones v. Sullivan, 954 F.2d 125, 128 (3d Cir. 1991)). When a claimant

seeks to rely on evidence that was not before the ALJ, a district court has the option to

remand the case to the Commissioner for consideration of that evidence, but only if the

evidence is “new” and “material”, and only if the claimant shows good cause why it was

not presented to the ALJ. Id. at 592, 594. The documents attached to Dunson’s District

Court filings do not meet this standard. The 2009 MRI report and the excerpt reflecting

Dr. Senter’s medical opinion were not new, as both documents were part of the record

considered by the ALJ. (Admin. Tr. 129, 450). Dr. Gerszten’s October 2013 medical

treatment notes were new, but are not material, because they do not relate to the time

                                             4
period for which the benefits were denied. See Szubak v. Sec’y of Health & Human

Servs., 745 F.2d 831, 833 (3d Cir. 1984) (“An implicit materiality requirement is that the

new evidence relate to the time period for which benefits were denied, and that it not

concern . . . a later-acquired disability or [] the subsequent deterioration of the previously

non-disabling condition.”).2 The District Court did not err in refusing to remand the

case.3

         We agree with the District Court’s disposition of this case. In the District Court,

Dunson argued that the ALJ improperly disregarded a 2009 MRI report (Admin. Tr. 450,

458) and disregarded certain statements made by her neurosurgeon, Dr. Senter, in his

October 6, 2009 letter (Admin. Tr. 447-49), or reflected in the 2010 opinion terminating

Dunson’s workers’ compensation benefits (Admin. Tr. 129). Specifically, Dr. Senter


2
 Dunson also alleged for the first time in her District Court brief that her condition had
prevented her from successfully completing a June 2011 job training program with the
Pittsburgh Disability Employment Project for Freedom. Evidence related to this
allegation – which does fall within the relevant time period – could theoretically be
material, but Dunson has presented no such evidence. Nor has Dunson shown good
cause why she did not raise this issue before the ALJ. See Matthews, 239 F.3d at 594.
3
  In light of Dunson’s pro se status, her repeated arguments about the current severity and
progressive nature of her condition, and her apparent confusion regarding the evidence
that can be considered by the federal courts in reviewing the ALJ’s decision, we think
that it is important to explain that our holding here does not mean that Dunson is not
currently disabled, or that she could not file a new application for benefits based on more
recent medical evaluations. The ALJ’s decision applied only to the relevant time period.
In other words, the ALJ’s finding that Dunson was not disabled did not mean that she
could never become disabled at some later point, or could never qualify for benefits in the
future—it simply meant that she was not “disabled” as defined by the Social Security Act
between January 1, 2009, and November 2, 2011. In affirming the ALJ’s decision, we
make no determination and express no opinion as to whether Dunson might now qualify
for benefits.
                                               5
stated that Dunson’s 2003 injury aggravated a pre-existing degenerative disc disease, that

her condition had continued to evolve and deteriorate, that at some point in the future she

would probably require corrective surgery, that lumbar stenosis is “inevitably

progressive,” and that he suspected that she had a “permanent disability” related to her

spine. Dunson also argued that the ALJ gave insufficient weight and credit to her own

testimony regarding her physical limitations and pain.

       First, we note that Dr. Senter’s characterization of Dunson’s spinal stenosis as

progressive, deteriorating, and a “permanent disability,” does not preclude the ALJ’s

finding that Dunson was not, or at least not yet, disabled as defined by the Social Security

Act. In order to establish “disability” under the Act, Dunson was required to demonstrate

not only that she had a medical impairment, but also that the impairment was severe

enough to prevent her from engaging in any substantial gainful activity for the statutory

twelve-month period. See Plummer v. Apfel, 186 F.3d 422, 427 (3d Cir. 1999); 42

U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A) and (d)(2)(A); See also Knepp v. Apfel, 204 F.3d 78, 85 (3d Cir.

2000) (explaining that, regardless of any physician’s opinion, the ultimate decision

concerning disability is reserved for the Commissioner). Dunson asserts that the ALJ

ignored a 2009 MRI report in which a radiologist described her stenosis as “moderate to

severe.” In fact, the ALJ referred specifically to that MRI, noting that Dr. Senter had

concluded that the film showed only “mild to moderate” stenosis and no definite clinical

evidence of nerve root compression (Admin. Tr. 457). The ALJ further explained that he

would not give controlling weight to the statement of Dunson’s treating physician, Dr.

                                             6
Henry, that Dunson had no capacity to work, because that statement was inconsistent

with Dr. Henry’s own treatment notes and inconsistent with the entirety of the record

medical evidence. Although the ALJ must consider all relevant evidence in the record,

he is “free to accept some medical evidence and reject other evidence, provided that he

provides an explanation for discrediting the rejected evidence.” Zirnsak, 777 F.3d at 614

(citations omitted).

       The ALJ also found Dunson’s testimony regarding her physical limitations only

partially credible. This Court defers to the ALJ’s assessment of credibility, as long as the

ALJ specifically identifies and explains what evidence he found not credible and why he

found it not credible. Id. at 612 (citations omitted). In this case, the ALJ explained that,

in light of the very conservative medical treatment Dunson was receiving,4 and in light of

her own description of her daily activities, the preponderance of the evidence did not

support a conclusion that Dunson was required to lie down at regular intervals or that she

would find it necessary to miss several days of work each month.

       We agree with the District Court that the record as a whole provides substantial

evidence to support the ALJ’s finding that Dunson was capable of limited sedentary

work. Accordingly, we will affirm the District Court’s judgment.



4
  Dunson testified (and the medical records confirm) that she saw her treating physicians
every three to four months, primarily to refill prescriptions. She testified that she took
800 milligrams of ibuprofen approximately every other day, and the prescription muscle-
relaxant Flexeril as needed. She did not take narcotic pain relievers, receive injections, or
attend physical therapy, and had not pursued any surgical treatment options.

                                              7
