                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 15-0931
                               Filed August 5, 2015


IN THE INTEREST OF R.F. and K.M.,
Minor Children,

M.K., Mother,
Appellant.
________________________________________________________________


      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Scott County, Mark R. Fowler,

District Associate Judge.



      The mother appeals the juvenile court’s termination of her parental rights

to her children, R.F. and K.M. AFFIRMED.



      Timothy Tupper of Tupper Law Firm, Davenport, for appellant mother.

      Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Kathrine S. Miller-Todd, Assistant

Attorney General, Michael J. Walton, County Attorney, and Julie Walton,

Assistant County Attorney, for appellee State.

      Cynthia Taylor of Zamora, Taylor & Frederick, Davenport, attorney and

guardian ad litem for minor children.



      Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Vogel and Tabor, JJ.
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VOGEL, J.

       The mother appeals the juvenile court’s termination of her parental rights

to her children, R.F. and K.M. Though she does not dispute the juvenile court’s

conclusion her rights should be terminated pursuant to Iowa Code section

232.116(1) (2015), she asserts termination is not in the children’s best interests

due to the parent-child bond. She also requests additional time to work towards

reunification.    We conclude that due to the mother’s inability to resolve her

substance abuse issues, more time would not correct the situation. Furthermore,

the parent-child bond does not preclude termination, and termination is in the

children’s best interests. Consequently, we affirm the order of the juvenile court

terminating the mother’s parental rights.

       K.M., born September 2010,1 and R.F., born November 2013, came to the

attention of the department of human services (DHS) in May 2014, due to the

mother’s paramour severely abusing her in the presence of the children. They

were removed by ex parte order on June 11, 2014, and placed in family foster

care, where they remained at the time of the termination hearing.

       Following a drug test performed on May 18, 2014, the mother tested

positive for opiates, heroin, and morphine. Additionally, R.F. tested positive for

heroin, morphine, and codeine; K.M. tested positive for heroin, morphine, and

marijuana.       During the pendency of these proceedings, the mother tested

positive for various substances—most notably heroin—and as recently as March

2015, she tested positive for PCP.          The mother attended substance abuse

1
  Upon the birth of K.M., the mother received services from DHS because K.M. tested
positive for THC. She successfully completed substance abuse treatment, and K.M.
remained in her care.
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treatment at the Center for Alcohol and Drug Services in July 2014, but was

unsuccessfully discharged in August. Subsequent attempts at treatment were

also unsuccessful, until she attended treatment programs while in jail. It was

only then, as the juvenile court noted, the mother was engaged and motivated.

She showed improvement in her substance abuse issues while incarcerated but

relapsed at the end of March 2015, after a few weeks after getting out of jail.

       The mother has a notable criminal history, which includes convictions for

theft, possession of a controlled substance, and possession with intent to deliver.

The mother was in and out of jail several times during the pendency of these

proceedings. Her most recent incarceration was due to possession charges in

Illinois, and she was bonded out of jail on April 5, 2015. As of the time of the

termination hearing, the mother was not able to maintain stable housing and was

unemployed.

       During the pendency of these proceedings, the following services were

provided to the mother: family safety, risk, and permanency services; Family

Wellness Court; substance abuse treatment; domestic violence education; drug

screening; and supervised visitation. With regard to visitation, the mother, when

not incarcerated, consistently attended the supervised visits. However, she had

trouble parenting both children and arriving at the visits on time.       On some

occasions, the FRSP worker observed the mother appeared to be under the

influence of narcotics.

       The State filed a petition to terminate the mother’s parental rights on

January 14, 2015. A contested hearing was held on April 8, 2015, and on May

14, 2015, the juvenile court issued an order terminating the mother’s parental
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rights. With respect to R.F., her rights were terminated pursuant to Iowa Code

section 232.116(1)(e), (h), and (l); regarding K.M., her rights were terminated

under paragraphs (f), (h), and (l).2 The mother appeals.

         We review termination proceedings de novo. In re S.R., 600 N.W.2d 63,

64 (Iowa Ct. App. 1999). The grounds for termination must be proved by clear

and convincing evidence. Id. Our primary concern is the child’s best interest. Id.

         As an initial matter, we do not agree with the mother’s contention she

should be granted more time to work towards reunification. As the juvenile court

noted:

         While in jail, [the mother] appeared to make an earnest effort
         towards sobriety. Once she was released from jail, she again
         became involved with drugs and/or with people who were involved
         in drugs. She picked up additional felony criminal charges, and had
         a failed drug test. Unfortunately, the progress that the Court
         witnessed was too brief. The Court sincerely hopes that [the
         mother] finds it within herself to disassociate from those individuals
         who are involved in illegal activities and that she renews her battle
         against substance abuse. Unfortunately, the children cannot wait
         while the adjudicatory harms continue to exist.

         The record supports this assessment. “We have repeatedly followed the

principle that the statutory time line must be followed and children should not be

forced to wait for their parent to grow up.” In re N.F., 579 N.W.2d 338, 341 (Iowa

Ct. App. 1998); see also Iowa Code § 232.116(2). The mother has a long history

of criminal activity and substance abuse, and she has failed to demonstrate she

can solve these issues. Furthermore, in determining the future actions of the

parent, her past conduct is instructive. In re J.E., 723 N.W.2d 793, 798 (Iowa

2
  The identity of the biological father with regard to both children has not been
established, though a man known as M.T. could possibly be the father of K.M. The
juvenile court terminated the biological fathers’ parental rights in its order as well; no
appeal followed.
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2006). With these considerations in mind, we agree with the juvenile court the

mother should not be granted an extension to work towards reunification.

       Moreover, termination of the mother’s parental rights is in the children’s

best interests.   The record establishes that the mother and the children are

bonded; nonetheless, this bond does not overcome the harm the children would

suffer if returned to her care.   The mother cannot provide a stable home or

adequate parenting to the children, given her inability to resolve her drug

addiction and the criminal activity connected with it. The children need a stable

placement that is drug and violence free. See In re A.M., 843 N.W.2d 100, 113

(Iowa 2014) (noting the child’s safety and need for a stable home are “the

defining elements in a child’s best interest”). It is also encouraging the children

are thriving in their foster home, appear bonded to their foster parents, and the

foster family has indicated they are interested in adoption.       See Iowa Code

§ 232.116(2)(b). Consequently, termination of the mother’s parental rights is in

the children’s best interests, and we affirm the order of the juvenile court. See id.

§ 232.116(2).

       AFFIRMED.
