
TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN



NO. 03-07-00468-CV


Mustang Tractor & Equipment Co. and Mustang Rental Services, Inc., Appellants

v.

Hartford Accident and Indemnity Company; Hartford Casualty Insurance Company; and
White-Spunner Construction, Inc., Appellees





FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 261ST JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. D-1-GN-01-004232, HONORABLE MARGARET A. COOPER, JUDGE PRESIDING


O P I N I O N


		Mustang Tractor & Equipment Company and Mustang Rental Services, Inc.,
(collectively, "Mustang") appeal the trial court's order granting the motion for summary judgment
filed by Hartford Accident and Indemnity Company, Hartford Casualty Insurance Company
(collectively, "Hartford"), and White-Spunner Construction, Inc. ("White-Spunner"), to remove four
materialman's liens totaling $115,720.03 that had been filed by Mustang.  Hartford and
White-Spunner contend that Mustang, in preparing the lien affidavits, failed to comply with the
requirements of the property code.  Specifically, they argue that the lien affidavits were invalid due
to the omission of information regarding when and how pre-lien notice had been provided to the
property owner.  See Tex. Prop. Code Ann. § 53.054(a)(8) (West 2007).  In a single issue on appeal,
Mustang asserts that the district court, in determining that omission of the information rendered the
liens invalid, erroneously held Mustang to a strict-compliance standard in executing the lien
affidavits, rather than the required standard of substantial compliance.  We sustain Mustang's issue
and reverse the order granting summary judgment.
 
BACKGROUND
		White-Spunner, a general contractor, agreed to construct a home-improvement center
in Austin on property owned by Home Depot USA, Inc., and hired Siteprep, Ltd., as a subcontractor
to perform the site-preparation work on the property.  Siteprep then leased certain heavy equipment
from Mustang in order to perform its site work for the project.  When Siteprep failed to fully pay
Mustang for its use of the equipment, Mustang sent notices to the property owner, Home Depot, and
the general contractor, White-Spunner, stating that Siteprep's debts to Mustang were unpaid.  See
id. § 53.056 (a), (b) (requiring that property owner and general contractor be served with notice of
subcontractor's debt before materialman's liens can be filed).  After sending the notices, Mustang
timely filed affidavits claiming liens on the property with the county clerk, serving both Home Depot
and White-Spunner with copies of the affidavits.  See id. §§ 53.052 (requiring that lien affidavit be
filed with county clerk in county where property is located), 53.055 (requiring that copies of lien
affidavit be provided to property owner and general contractor within five days after
affidavit is filed).
		Mustang sued Home Depot and White-Spunner for foreclosure of the statutory liens,
trapped funds, and statutory retainage.  Mustang also brought a claim against White-Spunner for
failure to promptly pay pursuant to chapter 28 of the property code.  See id. §§ 28.001-.005. (1) 
Following commencement of the suit, Home Depot posted bonds to indemnify and release
Mustang's liens against the property.  The Hartford entities, as sureties under the bonds, were then
substituted for Home Depot in the pending litigation.  On October 26, 2004, Hartford and
White-Spunner filed a motion for summary judgment contending that the liens were invalid, which
the trial court denied.  Approximately two years later, on October 20, 2006, after this court issued
its opinion in Milner v. Balcke-Durr, Inc., No. 03-05-00547-CV, 2006 Tex. App. LEXIS 6935
(Tex. App.--Austin Aug. 4, 2006, no pet.) (mem. op.), Hartford and White-Spunner filed a second
motion for summary judgment re-urging the grounds that the district court had previously rejected. 
The district court granted the second motion for summary judgment in favor of Hartford and White-Spunner on all claims, declared that the four liens were invalid, and ordered that the liens be
expunged.  Mustang now appeals the summary judgment on the foreclosure claim.
 
STANDARD OF REVIEW
		Because the propriety of a summary judgment is a question of law, we review the trial
court's decision de novo.  Valence Operating Co. v. Dorsett, 164 S.W.3d 656, 661 (Tex. 2005). 
The issue in this case is a matter of statutory construction, which is a legal question that we review
de novo, ascertaining and giving effect to the legislature's intent as expressed by the plain and
common meaning of the statute's words.  State v. Shumake, 199 S.W.3d 279, 284 (Tex. 2006).  We
must read the statute as a whole, rather than just isolated portions, giving meaning to the
language that is consistent with other provisions in the statute.  Dallas County Cmty. Coll. Dist.
v. Bolton, 185 S.W.3d 868, 872-73 (Tex. 2005).  We must also presume that the legislature intended
a reasonable result and avoid construing the statute in ways that lead to foolish or absurd
consequences.  Wesco Distrib., Inc. v. Westport Group, Inc., 150 S.W.3d 553, 557
(Tex. App.--Austin 2004, no pet.); Southwestern Life Ins. Co. v. Montemayor, 24 S.W.3d 581,
584-85 (Tex. App.--Austin 2000, pet. denied).

DISCUSSION
		In its sole point of error, Mustang complains that the trial court erroneously applied
a strict-compliance standard in determining that Mustang's lien affidavits were invalid as a result
of their failure to include the date and method by which notice was sent to the property owner.  See
Tex. Prop. Code Ann. § 53.054(a)(8). 
		 The mechanic's and materialman's lien statutes, as well as the relevant case law,
mandate that a lien affidavit should not be judged by a strict standard but by whether the claimant
substantially complied with the statutory requirements.  See id. § 53.054 (stating that lien affidavits
"must contain substantially" the required information); Occidental Neb. Fed. Sav. Bank v. East End
Glass Co., 773 S.W.2d 687, 688 (Tex. App.--San Antonio 1989, no writ) ("For purposes of
perfection, only substantial compliance is required in order to fulfill the requirements of the
mechanic's and materialman's lien statutes.").  This substantial-compliance standard is consistent
with the liberal construction generally afforded to mechanic's and materialman's lien statutes.  See,
e.g., First Nat'l Bank in Dallas v. Whirlpool Corp., 517 S.W.2d 262, 269 (Tex. 1974) ("It is well
settled that the mechanic's and materialman's lien statutes of this State will be liberally construed
for the purpose of protecting laborers and materialmen."). (2) 
		Section 53.054 of the property code, which sets forth the requirements of a lien
affidavit, provides:

(a) The affidavit must be signed by the person claiming the lien or by another person
on the claimant's behalf and must contain substantially:

	(1) a sworn statement of the amount of the claim;

	(2) the name and last known address of the owner or reputed owner;

	(3) a general statement of the kind of work done and materials furnished by
the claimant and, for a claimant other than an original contractor, a statement of each
month in which the work was done and materials furnished for which payment is
requested;

	(4) the name and last known address of the person by whom the claimant was
employed or to whom the claimant furnished the materials or labor;

	(5) the name and last known address of the original contractor;
 
	(6) a description, legally sufficient for identification, of the property sought
to be charged with the lien;
 
	(7) the claimant's name, mailing address, and, if different, physical address;
and
 
	(8) for a claimant other than an original contractor, a statement identifying the
date each notice of the claim was sent to the owner and the method by which the
notice was sent.

Tex. Prop. Code Ann. § 53.054(a).
		The lien affidavits provided by Mustang to the owner and general contractor
contained each of the elements listed in section 53.054(a) except the information described in
subparagraph 8--the date that notice of the claim was sent to the owner and the method by which
notice was sent.   However, the notices on their face identify the date and method by which they were
sent and the parties do not dispute that the owner received timely notice of the claim.  Mustang
argues that because omission of the information described in subparagraph 8 was merely a technical
defect that did not prejudice the contractor or owner, the lien affidavits substantially complied with
the statutory requirements. 
		The specific issue before this Court is one of first impression, as we have found no
cases in which a lien affidavit failed to include the information described in subparagraph 8 of
section 53.054(a).  In general, courts that have addressed substantial-compliance issues have
distinguished between mere technical defects, which can be excused, and those defects that are more
substantive in nature and, if overlooked, would read a provision out of the statute or prejudice
another party.  See, e.g., First Nat'l Bank in Graham v. Sledge, 653 S.W.2d 283, 287 (Tex. 1983)
(holding that lien was perfected despite fact that owner was sent only one copy of lien affidavit rather
than two copies as required by statute, noting that "we see no harm in failing to provide the owner
an extra copy" because general contractor was in bankruptcy); New AAA Apartment Plumbers, Inc.
v. DPMC-Briarcliff, L.P., 145 S.W.3d 728, 730 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 2004, no pet.) (claimant
substantially complied with property code section 53.055 by sending copy of lien affidavit to
property owner before, rather than after, affidavit was filed because owner received notice and
therefore "the purpose of the statute was fulfilled"); Richardson v. Mid-Cities Drywall, Inc.,
968 S.W.2d 512, 515 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 1998, no pet.) (substantial compliance existed where
claimant's mailing address was not included within sworn portion of affidavit but could be found
on back of affidavit as address to which document was to be returned); Occidental, 773 S.W.2d at
688 & n.2 (incorrectly sending notice to contractor rather than owner where owner was, for practical
purposes, same person as contractor due to "scheme of interlocking corporate shells" constituted
mere technical defect that did not preclude finding of substantial compliance); Marathon Metallic
Bldg. Co. v. Texas Nat'l Bank of Waco, 534 S.W.2d 743, 747 (Tex. Civ. App.--Waco 1976, no writ)
(substantial compliance occurred despite incorrectly naming corporation as property owner when
actual owners were individual stockholders and president of named corporation).   
		Courts have been more willing to excuse a mistake or omission in cases where no
party is prejudiced by the defect.  See Richardson, 968 S.W.2d at 515 ("The concept is that
substantial compliance is shown to exist where no one has been misled to his prejudice."); Hunt
Developers, Inc. v. Western Steel Co., 409 S.W.2d 443, 449 (Tex. Civ. App.--Corpus Christi 1966,
no writ) ("[C]ompliance is especially sufficient where no one has been misled to his prejudice.  The
Legislature did not intend that the materialman should lose his lien through the technicalities of a
warning, where the owner was not misled to his prejudice.").
		In support of their argument that the omission in the present case is substantive, rather
than merely technical, White-Spunner and Hartford cite cases where claimants' mistakes or
omissions were sufficiently defective to be considered a failure to substantially comply with statutory
requirements.  See Milner, 2006 Tex. App. LEXIS 6935, at *8-9; Wesco, 150 S.W.3d at 553,
Mainline Indus. Servs., Inc. v. Inland Enters., Inc., No. 06-00-00020-CV, 2001 Tex. App.
LEXIS 2841, at *7-8 (Tex. App.--Texarkana May 2, 2001, no pet.) (not designated for publication);
Tribble & Stephens Co. v. Consolidated Servs., Inc., 744 S.W.2d 945, 951 (Tex. App.--San Antonio
1987, writ denied).  We find these cases to be distinguishable from the instant suit.
		The affidavit at issue in Milner failed to reference the months in which work was
performed--the information described in subparagraph 3 of property code section 53.054(a).  2006
Tex. App. LEXIS 6935, at *8.  Noting that the issue had not been briefed on appeal, this Court held
that compliance with section 53.054(a)(3) "was essential to perfection of [appellant's] statutory lien." 
Id. at *8-9.  However, the information required by section 53.054(a)(3) must necessarily be provided
in order for a property owner or general contractor to assess the validity of the lien or determine
whether it properly complied with the statutory retainage requirements.  See Tex. Prop. Code
Ann. § 53.054(a)(3) (requiring, "for a claimant other than an original contractor, a statement of each
month in which the work was done").  As a result, the failure to provide such information could
conceivably mislead an owner or contractor to his prejudice, although, because the issue was not
briefed, it is not clear whether the owner or contractor in Milner had actual knowledge of the months
in which work was performed.  See id. at *8.  In contrast, the record in the present case reflects that
Home Depot and White-Spunner had actual knowledge of the information at issue--the date and
method by which notice had been mailed--and therefore would not have been misled to their
prejudice by Mustang's failure to include such information in the lien affidavits. 
		Similarly, the affidavit at issue in Mainline, an unpublished case, failed to include a
number of items, including the owner's name and last known address, a general statement of the kind
of work done and materials furnished, and the claimant's mailing address.   2001 Tex. App. LEXIS
2841, at *3.  Unlike the affidavit in the present case, which merely omitted a single item in the
enumerated list found in section 53.054(a), the affidavit in Mainline excluded nearly half of the listed
items, lending support to the holding that the claimant failed to substantially comply with the statute. 
Furthermore, omission of such items as the owner's name and address, a statement of work done and
materials furnished, and the claimant's mailing address has far greater potential to mislead the owner
or a third party to their prejudice than omission of the date and method by which notice was mailed. 
As the court notes in Mainline, failure to include the owner's name and address cannot be considered
merely a technical defect, due to "the basic principal behind recording liens with the county, which
is to provide constructive notice to third parties."  Id. at *7.  
		In Wesco, 150 S.W.3d at 555, a materialman's lien was rendered invalid because the
property owner did not receive a pre-lien notice of the claim before the statutory deadline.  See
Tex. Prop. Code Ann. § 53.056 (requiring pre-lien notice to owner or general contractor).  However,
unlike the types of technical defects that courts have excused under the substantial-compliance
standard, failure to timely provide pre-lien notice to the property owner defeats the purpose of the
notice requirements in the mechanic's and materialman's lien statutes.  See Wesco, 150 S.W.3d at
559 ("The purposes of notice are:  (1) to give those parties entitled to notice an opportunity to protect
their interests, and (2) to prevent surprise.").  Due to the overwhelming potential for misleading the
property owner to his prejudice, a complete failure to provide the owner with timely notice of the
claim could reasonably be viewed as falling short of substantial compliance.  In the present case,
however, there is no such potential to mislead the property owner, as it is undisputed that Mustang
delivered the required pre-lien notices within the statutory deadline. 
		The facts of Tribble, 744 S.W.2d at 951, also involve a claimant failing to provide
proper notice to the property owner, although the notice at issue in Tribble was a copy of the filed
affidavit, as required by section 53.055 of the property code, rather than the pre-lien notice required
by section 53.056.  The court held that the lien was invalid because "there is no compliance when
no copies [of the affidavit] are sent."  Id.  It is clear how failure to provide copies of the affidavit
could potentially mislead the owner to his prejudice, as "[t]he purpose of § 53.055 is to ensure that
the owner receives actual notice that an affidavit has been filed against the property so that he will
be able to take steps to protect himself."  Cabintree, Inc. v. Schneider, 728 S.W.2d 395, 396-97
(Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1986, writ ref'd).  However, as previously discussed, such a
concern that the owner could be misled to his prejudice is simply not an issue in the present case.
		Finally, White-Spunner and Hartford argue that the substantial-compliance standard
requires, at a minimum, an attempt to comply with each individual statutory requirement, contending
that there is no case law suggesting that a claimant can substantially comply after omitting an entire
item from the enumerated list found in section 53.054(a).  We disagree.  In Richardson, 968 S.W.2d
at 515, the claimant completely omitted the information required by subparagraph 7 of section
53.054(a)--the claimant's name and address--from the sworn portion of the affidavit.  However,
the court noted that the claimant's address was included in the notice to the clerk regarding where
to return the document after recording, as well as on an attachment to the affidavit that was prepared
by the clerk.  Id.  Upon determining that there was no allegation of a lack of notice created by this
omission, and therefore no one had been misled to his prejudice, the court concluded that the
claimant had substantially complied with the statute.  Id.  The court reasoned:

If strict compliance were required, the affidavit would fail to perfect the lien.  The
question of substantial compliance is a different question.  The few cases exploring
this statute and its predecessors indicate that the statute should be applied liberally
to protect all laborers and materialmen.  Because the document provides all other
required information in the sworn section, and because the mailing address contained
on the document accurately provides a means of contact with the claimant (which is
the purpose of the address), we find it substantially complies with the statute. 

Id.
		As in Richardson, the efforts by the claimant in the present case were sufficient to
fulfill the purposes of the statute.  The parties do not dispute that Mustang provided the owner with
pre-lien notices of its claims, which on their face identified the date and method by which they were
sent, and there is no allegation that the owner did not receive actual notice of the claims in a timely
manner.  Because the omission of the date and method by which the notices were sent constitutes
a mere technical error, and because there is no risk that anyone was misled to his prejudice as a result
of such omission, we hold that Mustang's lien affidavits substantially complied with the statute.
 
CONCLUSION
		Because we have determined that the trial court erred in determining that Mustang's
lien affidavits failed to comply with the requirements of the property code, the trial court's order
granting summary judgment is reversed and the case is remanded for further proceedings consistent
with this opinion.
___________________________________________					          Diane M. Henson, Justice			
Before Justices Patterson, Puryear and Henson
Reversed and Remanded
Filed:   July 2, 2008
1.    White-Spunner and Hartford contend on appeal that the order granting summary judgment
should be affirmed on the basis that Mustang failed to brief the prompt-pay claim.  It is true that if
the trial court does not specify a basis for granting summary judgment, an appellant must show that
each of the grounds asserted in support of summary judgment were insufficient to support the ruling. 
See Tenneco Inc. v. Enterprise Prods. Co., 925 S.W.2d 640, 642-43 (Tex. 1996).  However, in the
present case, Mustang's prompt-pay claim is a wholly separate cause of action on which summary
judgment was granted, rather than an alternative ground asserted in support of summary judgment
on the foreclosure claim.  As a result, Mustang's failure to brief the prompt-pay claim simply results
in a waiver of that particular claim on appeal and has no effect on the issue of the validity of the
liens.   
2.    By applying a liberal construction, courts "give the language of a statutory provision, freely
and consciously, its commonly, generally accepted meaning, to the end that the most comprehensive
application thereof may be accorded, without doing violence to any of its terms." Wesco Distrib., Inc.
v. Westport Group, Inc., 150 S.W.3d 553, 557 (Tex. App.--Austin 2004, no pet.) (citing Maryland
Cas. Co. v. Smith, 40 S.W.2d 913, 914 (Tex. Civ. App.--Dallas 1931, no writ)). 
