Opinion filed March 25, 2010




                                             In The


   Eleventh Court of Appeals
                                          __________

                                     No. 11-08-00194-CV
                                         __________

                      CALVIN WAYNE COPELAND, Appellant

                                                V.

                       MEDLINE INDUSTRIES, INC., Appellee


                           On Appeal from the 106th District Court

                                     Dawson County, Texas

                               Trial Court Cause No. 07-05-17696



                            MEMORANDUM OPINION
          Calvin Wayne Copeland sued Medline Industries, Inc. for personal injury damages he
sustained when a walker it manufactured broke and he fell. The trial court dismissed Copeland’s suit
for want of prosecution. We modify the order to reflect a dismissal without prejudice but otherwise
affirm.
                                                I. Background Facts
       Copeland is an inmate in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division. In
2004, prison officials prescribed for Copeland a limited-mobility aluminum walker manufactured by
Medline Industries. Copeland sued Medline Industries on May 9, 2007, claiming that he fell and
injured himself when his walker broke. Copeland asserted negligence, products liability, and Texas
Deceptive Trade Practices Act1 (DTPA) claims. On May 29, Medline filed a motion to abate,
claiming that Copeland had not complied with the DTPA’s notice requirement.2 Copeland filed a
response but, because of his imprisonment, was unable to attend the abatement hearing. The trial
court granted Medline’s motion to abate on August 6, 2007, and it directed Copeland to comply with
Section 17.505, to stop communicating directly with Medline and to forward all future
communications to Medline’s counsel.
       On February 15, 2008, Medline filed a motion to dismiss with prejudice, maintaining that
Copeland had not provided the notice required by Section 17.505. Copeland responded on
March 17, claiming that he had provided written notice by letter and oral notice to Medline’s agent.
The trial court held a hearing and then dismissed Copeland’s claims with prejudice on April 23,
2008, finding that he had made no effort to comply with Section 17.505.
       Copeland filed a motion to reinstate. Copeland requested a hearing, and he provided copies
of two letters he claimed satisfied Section 17.505’s requirement. The first was dated March 25,
2007, and the second was dated November 20, 2007. The trial court denied Copeland’s motion to
reinstate on June 11, 2008, without a hearing.
                                                   II. Issues
       Copeland challenges the trial court’s order of dismissal with four issues. Copeland contends
that the trial court erred by dismissing his suit for want of prosecution, by dismissing his suit with
prejudice, by denying his motion to reinstate with verification, and by not conducting an oral hearing
before denying Copeland’s motion to reinstate.



       1
        See TEX. BUS. & COM. CODE Ann. §§ 17.41-.63 (Vernon 2002 & Supp. 2009).
       2
        See Section 17.505.

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                                            III. Discussion
         A. Dismissal for Want of Prosecution.
         Copeland first argues that the trial court erred when it dismissed his suit for want of
prosecution. We review the trial court’s order for an abuse of discretion. City of Houston v. Malone,
828 S.W.2d 567, 568 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1992, no writ). A trial court abuses its
discretion if it acts without reference to any guiding rules or principles or acts in an arbitrary or
unreasonable manner. Downer v. Aquamarine Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 241-42 (Tex.
1985).
         A court may dismiss a case for want of prosecution under either TEX. R. CIV. P. 165a or its
common-law inherent authority. Alexander v. Lynda’s Boutique, 134 S.W.3d 845, 850 (Tex. 2004).
Under Rule 165a, a trial court may dismiss when any party seeking affirmative relief fails to appear
at a hearing or at trial or if the case has not been disposed of within the time standards established by
the Texas Supreme Court. Rule 165a(1), (2). Additionally, a trial court has the inherent power to
manage its docket and may dismiss a claim when the plaintiff fails to diligently prosecute his case.
Villarreal v. San Antonio Truck & Equip., 994 S.W.2d 628, 630 (Tex. 1999).
         In determining whether a party has demonstrated a lack of diligence in prosecuting a claim, a
trial court may consider the entire history of the case, including the length of time the case was on
file, the extent of the activity in the case, whether a trial setting was requested, and the existence of
reasonable excuses for delay. Jimenez v. Transwestern Prop. Co., 999 S.W.2d 125, 129 (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1999, no pet.). No single factor is dispositive, and a belated trial setting
or stated readiness to proceed to trial does not establish diligence. Id.
         The DTPA requires a plaintiff to send written notice to the defendant at least sixty days prior
to filing suit asserting in reasonable detail the specific complaint and the amount of economic
damages, mental anguish damages, and expenses incurred. Section 17.505. Copeland argued in
response to Medline’s motion to abate that he sent a notice letter on March 25, 2007, but he provided
the trial court with no evidence of this. Nor did Copeland provide any evidence of a notice letter in
response to Medline’s motion to dismiss. Because Copeland failed to provide the trial court



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with any evidence of a notice letter, the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it dismissed his
claims. Copeland’s first issue is overruled.
        B. Motion to Reinstate.
        Copeland next argues that the trial court abused its discretion by denying his motion to
reinstate. Contemporaneously with his motion, Copeland filed copies of two letters he contended
were sufficient to satisfy Section 17.505. The first letter was dated prior to filing suit, and the second
was tendered as Copeland’s response to the trial court’s abatement order. Despite the trial court’s
directive to send all future correspondence to Medline’s counsel, Copeland contended that he mailed
this second letter directly to Medline. Copeland did not, however, provide the trial court with any
indication of to whom he directed the letters or with the address he addressed them to. The first was
merely addressed: “To Whom It May Concern,” and the second was addressed: “To this Most
Honorable Agency.” The first letter did not quantify his damages. In the second letter, he claimed
$5,000 in damages for past and future pain and suffering, and he described a common-law products
liability claim. He made a global reference to the DTPA, but he did not describe how Medline
violated it.
        Because Copeland made no attempt to comply with the trial court’s directive to communicate
through counsel, because he failed to offer the trial court evidence that he actually furnished the
statutorily required notice to Medline, and because the letters are insufficient to satisfy
Section 17.505, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying his motion to reinstate. Issue
Three is overruled.
        C. Oral Hearing.
        Copeland claims that Rule 165a(3) requires a trial court to hold an oral hearing on any motion
to reinstate and that the trial court’s failure to do so in this case constituted reversible error. The
Supreme Court held in Gulf Coast Investment Corp. v. NASA 1 Business Center that an oral hearing
is mandatory for cases dismissed under Rule 165a. Gulf Coast Inv. Corp v. NASA 1 Bus. Ctr., 754
S.W.2d 152, 153 (Tex. 1988). Rule 165a applies to lawsuits dismissed for failure to appear for a
hearing or for a trial. Bynog v. Prater, 60 S.W.3d 310, 314 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2001, pet. denied).
A mandatory hearing is not required if the case was dismissed for failure to prosecute. Id.

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       The trial court dismissed Copeland’s case for want of prosecution. Consequently, a hearing
was not required, and the trial court did not abuse its discretion by acting without one. Copeland’s
fourth issue is overruled.
       D. Dismissal with Prejudice.
       Copeland’s final argument is that the trial court erred when it dismissed his suit with
prejudice. We agree. A dismissal for want of prosecution is not a determination on the merits;
therefore, it is improper for a trial court to dismiss with prejudice. Maldonado v. Puente, 694
S.W.2d 86, 92 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1985, no writ). The proper remedy is for this court to
modify the order by substituting the words “without prejudice” in place of “with prejudice.” Light v
Womack, 113 S.W.3d 872, 874 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2003, no pet.). Copeland’s second issue is
sustained.
                                          IV. Conclusion
       We modify the order to reflect dismissal without prejudice. As modified, the order is
affirmed.




                                                     RICK STRANGE
                                                     JUSTICE


March 25, 2010
Panel consists of: Wright, C.J.,
McCall, J., and Strange, J.




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