    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
                                     DIVISION ONE

In the Matter of the Marriage of                   No. 73892-5-


JOHNWILKINS,                                                                            en


                                                                                        cr:'-
                     Respondent,
                                                                                           i



      and


ANDREA WILKINS,                                    UNPUBLISHED OPINION
                                                                                               CO
n/k/a ANDREA BARCLOW,
                                                   FILED: June 6, 2016
                     Appellant.


      Verellen, C.J. — Andrea Barclow appeals a final parenting plan designating John

Wilkins as their daughter Rebeccah's primary residential parent and restricting contact

between Rebeccah and Barclow's son, Domanic. We affirm.

                                           FACTS

       John and Andrea married in March, 2011 and separated in August 2012. They are

the biological parents of Rebeccah, who was six at the time oftrial. John has four other

children from other relationships. Andrea has a son, Domanic, by a different father.

       In August, 2014, John filed a petition for dissolution. At trial, the evidence primarily
addressed the parenting plan, Rebeccah's placement, and Domanic's risk to Rebeccah.
Shirley Bradford, Domanic's grandmother, testified thatwhen he came to live with her in
2010, "[h]e couldn't control his anger" and purposely hurt her pets.1 After 14 months of



         Report of Proceedings (July 13, 2015) at 55.
No. 73892-5-1/2


therapy, Domanic was "doing great."2 Bradford testified that Domanic's psychologist said

"unless something major happened, [Domanic] would probably grow just fine and have a

good emotional outlook on life."3 Bradford had no concerns about Domanic and

Rebeccah living together.

       Guardian ad litem Linda Barton testified that she learned that Domanic had anger

issues and was in therapy. She did not, however, "get a clear picture as to whether that

was continuing."4 Barton testified that she had never heard of Domanic engaging in

inappropriate sexual conduct, but later said she had heard that Domanic touched a

stepsister inappropriately at age four and that he was cruel to animals when he first went

to live with his grandmother. Barton concluded that she "just didn't have enough

information to say he is a threat to [Rebeccah]."5 Despite some concerns about Domanic,

she recommended that Rebeccah live with Andrea during the school year.

       The court then questioned Barton about the following portion of her written report:

              Domanic's therapist says that Domanic was not physically or
       sexually abused but that he was exposed to sex in an abusive way. He
       acted out sexually with other boys on the school bus, and he has anger
       issues. He has purposely hurt dogs. He has a severe separation
       disorder, which he will have the rest his life.[6]

The court asked if Barton learned this directly from Domanic's therapist or someone else.

Barton said she learned it from Domanic's grandmother.

       During closing arguments, the court posed the following question to counsel:




       2 id, at 56.
       3ld,
       4 ]± at 88.
       5 id, at 91.
       6 Clerk's Papers (CP) at 26.
No. 73892-5-1/3


              What should I make of the situation with Domanic? The evidence
      that I have is somewhat vague about if he's going to return, when he's
      going to return. Obviously, he's had some troubles. He's a young boy. I
      don't hang that fault on him. I'm not assigning fault in regard to these
      issues that he's had. But clearly, Ms. Barton's report indicates some
      concern both by her and others about potential harm to Rebeccah. So in
      looking at where Rebeccah spends the majority of her time, we have at
      least that issue, if you will, in regard to the mother's home, and I don't
      have any evidence of a similarsort of issue in the father's home. What
       should I make of that?^

Andrea's counsel responded that the guardian ad litem concluded "the potential risk of

Domanic reentering was not sufficient to warrant uprooting Rebeccah from her entire life

that she has here."8 Her counsel did not, however, argue that the report's references to

Domanic's troubled past was hearsay or unreliable.

       The court concluded that John should be Rebeccah's primary residential parent.

The court also determined that Rebeccah's "unsupervised contact with Domanic Barclow

poses a risk that is adverse to the best interests of the child."9 Accordingly, the court

imposed the restriction that "[t]he child shall not be present with Domanic Barclow unless

(1) an adult is present in the same room or (2) if outdoors, an adult is present within 30

feet of both children."10 The court entered the following pertinent findings of fact and

conclusions of law:

              As a juvenile, the father was convicted of a crime related to abuse
       of a child. But that was over two decades ago and neither the mother nor
       the guardian ad litem (GAL) believe that the father should be restricted
       under RCW 26.09 .191. Moreover, the Court finds that the father's
       conduct did not have an impact on the child in this case, Rebeccah.

              The parents live in different states. At trial each parent asked for
       essentially the same custody arrangement: for the child to reside with the

       7 RP (July 13, 2015) 119 (emphasis added).
       8 id, at 121.
       9CPat49.

       10 Id. at 51.
No. 73892-5-1/4


      requesting parent during the school year and with the other parent for
      most of summer and other school breaks. The GAL testified that if the
      parents lived in the same state, she would likely recommend 50/50 shared
      residential time and it's a "close call" as to which parent should have
      custody during the school year.

             Based on the trial evidence, including the Court's in-court
      observation of witnesses at trial, the Court finds and concludes that the
      Parenting Plan entered today is in the best interests of the child and best
      meets the objectives and criteria of RCW 26.09.184-. 187. Without
      limitation, the Court has considered the following:

             • The GAL reported: "There is information to suggest that
             Rebeccah has struggled with her attachment with her mother.
             [Rebeccah] talked more positively about her father and his
             household, and I observed that the father and Rebeccah were more
             openly affectionate with each other." Trial Exhibit ("Tr. Ex.") 104 at
             30; see RCW26.09.187(3)(a)(i).

             • The GAL reported that the mother initiated therapy for the mother
             and Rebeccah but during January-May 2014, the mother attended
             only five sessions and "either canceled or did not show up for 8
             appointments." Tr. Ex. 104 at 17-18; see RCW 26.09.187(3)(a)(i), (iii),
             (iv).

             • The GAL reported: While in her mother's care, "Rebeccah was
             tardy to school 14 days through the winter grading period
             (March 12, 2015) and absent 9 days." Tr. Ex. 104 at 29; see
             RCW 26.09.187(3)(a)(iii),(v).

             • The mother's son, Domanic Barclow, currently lives in Oklahoma
             but may move back to his mother's home in Washington sometime
             in 2015 or 2016. See Tr. Ex. 104 at 24. The trial evidence
             regarding Domanic is inconclusive but indicates that he has acted
             out sexually with other children, has anger issues, has a severe
             separation disorder, and may pose a risk to other children. Tr. Ex.
             104 at 24, 29; see RCW 26.09.187(3)(a)(iii); RCW 26.09.184(1 )(a)-
             (b).[11i

      Andrea appeals. 12




      11 Id. at 58 (emphasis added).
      12 John's motion to strike Andrea's reply brief on appeal is denied. Additionally,
his motion for a permanent change of address for Rebeccah is placed in the file without
action as such matters are beyond the scope of this appeal.
No. 73892-5-1/5


                                        DECISION

      Trial court decisions in dissolution proceedings will seldom be changed on

appeal.13 "Such decisions are difficult at best. Appellate courts should not encourage

appeals by tinkering with them. The emotional and financial interests affected by such

decisions are best served by finality."14 And because the trial court has the unique

opportunity to observe the parties, appellate courts are reluctant to disturb child

placement dispositions.15 Accordingly, we defer to the sound discretion of the trial court

unless the superior court exercised its discretion "in an untenable or manifestly

unreasonable way."16 We will not disturb a court's findings of fact if they are supported

by substantial evidence, i.e., evidence sufficient to persuade a rational person of the

truth of the premise.17

       Andrea first assigns error to the court's restrictions on Domanic's contact with

Rebeccah under RCW 26.09.191(3). She contends the court's findings do not identify a

sufficient "risk of harm to Rebeccah."18 She points out that the court found the evidence

regarding Domanic "inconclusive" and argues that "[a]ll allegations against Dominic are

speculative and 'hearsay' at best."19 There was no error.




       13 In re Marriage of Landry, 103 Wn.2d 807, 809-10, 699 P.2d 214 (1985).
       14 Id, at 809.
       15 In re Parentage of Schroeder. 106 Wn. App. 343, 349, 22 P.3d 1280(2001)
(quoting In re Marriage of Schneider, 82 Wn. App. 471, 476, 918 P.2d 543 (1996)).
       16 In re Marriage of Wavt, 63 Wn. App. 510, 513, 820 P.2d 519 (1991).
       17 In re Marriage of Stern, 57 Wn. App. 707, 717, 789 P.2d 807 (1990) (quoting
Bering v. Share. 106 Wn.2d 212, 220, 721 P.2d 918 (1986)).
       18 Appellant's Br. at 6.
       19 Id. at 7.
No. 73892-5-1/6


       RCW 26.09.191 (3)(g) allows a court to restrict a parent's involvement for "[s]uch

other factors or conduct as the court expressly finds adverse to the best interests of the

child." Although the court in this case did find that "[t]he trial evidence regarding

Domanic is inconclusive," it then said "but [the evidence] indicates that he has acted out

sexually with other children, has anger issues, has a severe separation disorder, and

may pose a risk to other children."20 The court found that unsupervised contact with
Domanic "poses a risk that is adverse to the best interests of [Rebeccah]."21 These
findings are supported by substantial evidence. The court's statement that the evidence
was not conclusive is not inconsistent with its findings that the evidence tended to show

a risk of harm.

       Andrea also contends any evidence tending to show that Domanic posed a risk

of harm was hearsay and therefore insufficient. But while the rules of evidence do apply
to determinations regarding parenting plan restrictions pursuant to RCW 26.09.191(6),
hearsay is admissible if not objected to at trial22 and cannot be challenged for the first
time on appeal.23 Andrea's counsel did not object to admission of the guardian ad
litem's report, which recited allegations that Domanic has anger and sexual issues,
receives therapy for emotional issues, "was caught experimenting sexually with his 4
year old stepsister" and tried to rape her, "acted out sexually with other boys on the
school bus," "has purposely hurt dogs," and was alone with Rebeccah when she had a


       20 CP at 58 (emphasis added).
        21 \± at 49.
       22 State v. Myers, 133 Wn.2d 26, 34, 941 P.2d 110 (1997) ("Evidence admitted
without objection may be properly considered.").
       23 RAP 2 5(a); Sepich v. Deo't of Labor &Indus.. 75 Wn.2d 312, 319, 450 P.2d
 940 (1969); State v. Smith, 155 Wn.2d 496, 501, 120 P.3d 559 (2005).
No. 73892-5-1/7


tooth knocked out.24 In addition, Shirley Bradford testified to personal knowledge of

Domanic's past anger issues and intentional assaults of pets. The court did not err in

considering this evidence, which supports the court's findings.

      Andrea also assigns error to the court's findings that "'[t]here is information to

suggest that Rebeccah has struggled with her attachment with her mother,'" the mother

missed a number of therapy sessions, and Rebeccah was tardy to school for a total of

14 days while in her mother's care.25 Andrea contends these findings fail to mention

other evidence that was before the court, including evidence she submitted on

reconsideration. But matters involving conflicting testimony, credibility, and the weight

or persuasiveness of the evidence are for the trier of fact and are not reviewable on

appeal.26

      There is no showing that the court exercised its discretion in a manifestly

unreasonable way.

       Affirmed.




WE CONCUR:




  sQfjt-f+^s** \J >




       24 CP at 25-26.
       25 Appellant's Br. at 1-2 (quoting CP at 58).
       26 State v. Camarillo, 115 Wn.2d 60, 71, 794 P.2d 850 (1990).
