                                COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


Present: Judges Kelsey, Petty and Senior Judge Bumgardner


MOHAMMED HOSSEIN RANJBAR
                                                                   MEMORANDUM OPINION *
v.      Record No. 2675-10-2                                           PER CURIAM
                                                                      OCTOBER 4, 2011
MARIA ZEGARRA RANJBAR


                       FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF HENRICO COUNTY
                                    Gary A. Hicks, Judge

                  (Mohammed Hossein Ranjbar, pro se, on briefs). Appellant
                  submitting on briefs.

                  (Jose E. Aponte; Bain-Sheldon, PLC, on brief), for appellee.
                  Appellee submitting on brief.


        Mohammed Hossein Ranjbar (husband) appeals an equitable distribution and spousal

support award. Husband argues that the trial court erred by (1) ruling that the parties’ marital

residence was marital property and awarding forty-five percent of the equity to wife; (2) finding that

withdrawals from husband’s deferred compensation retirement account plan were waste; (3) finding

that $18,546 worth of gold jewelry, in the possession of Maria Zegarra Ranjbar (wife), was marital

property; and (4) ordering husband to pay spousal support to wife. Upon reviewing the record and

briefs of the parties, we affirm the trial court’s decision in part, reverse in part, and remand this case

to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.




        *
            Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
                                          BACKGROUND

        “When reviewing a trial court’s decision on appeal, we view the evidence in the light

most favorable to the prevailing party, granting it the benefit of any reasonable inferences.”

Congdon v. Congdon, 40 Va. App. 255, 258, 578 S.E.2d 833, 834 (2003) (citations omitted).

        The parties married on April 3, 1988, separated on October 14, 2008, and divorced on

January 31, 2011.

        In 1985, husband purchased a home with cash, carrying no mortgage. When the parties

married in 1988, they lived in husband’s house (“the marital residence”). Both parties contributed

non-monetarily to the daily household tasks, but neither made any financial contributions to the

improvement of the marital residence. After hearing the evidence and argument of the parties, the

trial court found that the marital residence was hybrid property and awarded wife forty-five percent

of the equity.

        Starting in 1989, husband worked for the City of Richmond and earned retirement through a

deferred compensation retirement account. In 2000, husband retired because he suffered from

severe depression. After the separation, he withdrew all of the funds from his deferred

compensation retirement account and testified that he used the money to pay for medical bills. The

trial court found that husband committed waste by dissipating the funds in the account.

        From 2003 to 2005, wife started a gift shop business, and through that business she sold a

variety of items, including gold jewelry. Wife used her credit cards and received cash advances to

purchase items for the gift shop. Husband testified that during the marriage, he paid off her credit

card debt using his separate funds. When the business closed, wife kept the gold jewelry that did

not sell. At the time of the trial, the jewelry was valued at $18,546 and was in wife’s possession.

The trial court held that the jewelry was marital property, and awarded it to wife as a setoff against

the retirement funds that husband dissipated.

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       At trial, wife argued that she needed spousal support. During the marriage, wife

periodically worked part-time at various establishments, including daycare providers and retailers,

but she was no longer doing so at the time of the final hearing. Her only source of income was from

a jewelry business that she had where she made and sold costume jewelry. Husband received

approximately $17,000 per year in disability pay and was unable to work due to depression and

anxiety. The trial court found that wife proved her need for spousal support and awarded wife $475

per month in spousal support. The trial court cited the length of the parties’ marriage and their equal

contributions to the home and the family as the reasons for the spousal support award.

       The trial court issued an opinion letter dated November 23, 2010 and entered the final

decree on January 31, 2011. Husband filed motions to reconsider, which the trial court denied.1

This appeal followed.

                                             ANALYSIS

                                      I. Equitable Distribution

       On appeal, “decisions concerning equitable distribution rest within the sound discretion

of the trial court and will not be reversed on appeal unless plainly wrong or unsupported by the

evidence.” McDavid v. McDavid, 19 Va. App. 406, 407-08, 451 S.E.2d 713, 715 (1994) (citing

Srinivasan v. Srinivasan, 10 Va. App. 728, 732, 396 S.E.2d 675, 678 (1990)).




       1
         After the issuance of the trial court’s opinion letter, husband filed a motion to
reconsider, which the trial court received on December 9, 2010. The trial court denied this
motion to reconsider by order entered January 31, 2011. Husband filed a subsequent motion to
reconsider and a document titled, “Briefing of the Trial Court on Final Decree of Date January
31, 2011,” which the trial court denied by orders entered March 7, 2011 and March 8, 2011. The
March orders were entered more than twenty-one days after the entry of the final decree and
subsequent to the time period in which the trial court had jurisdiction to consider the motions.
Rule 1:1.

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                                        A. Marital residence

       Husband argues that the trial court erred in holding that the marital residence was hybrid

property and awarding wife forty-five percent of the equity. We agree.

       The evidence proved that husband purchased the marital residence, in his name alone, prior

to the marriage. “‘[P]roperty acquired before marriage is presumed to be separate.’” Duva v.

Duva, 55 Va. App. 286, 297, 685 S.E.2d 842, 848 (2009) (quoting Robinson v. Robinson, 46

Va. App. 652, 662, 621 S.E.2d 147, 152 (2005)).

       However, separate property can be transmuted into hybrid property.

               In the case of the increase in value of separate property during the
               marriage, such increase in value shall be marital property only to
               the extent that marital property or the personal efforts of either
               party have contributed to such increases, provided that any such
               personal efforts must be significant and result in substantial
               appreciation of the separate property.

               For purposes of this subdivision, the nonowning spouse shall bear
               the burden of proving that (i) contributions of marital property or
               personal effort were made and (ii) the separate property increased
               in value. Once this burden of proof is met, the owning spouse
               shall bear the burden of proving that the increase in value or some
               portion thereof was not caused by contributions of marital property
               or personal effort.

               “Personal effort” of a party shall be deemed to be labor, effort,
               inventiveness, physical or intellectual skill, creativity, or
               managerial, promotional or marketing activity applied directly to
               the separate property of either party.

Code § 20-107.3(A)(3)(a).

       Here, the trial court ruled that the marital residence was transmuted into hybrid property. It

explained that the marital residence “was first acquired by Husband in 1985. The parties married

in 1988 and have remained in the property. Payments for the home, particularly after Husband

got his employment with the City of Richmond, were made with marital funds.” The evidence

before the trial court was that husband paid for the home in full before the marriage, and the


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increase in value of the marital residence was due to passive appreciation because the parties made

no improvements to the home.

        In order to show her contributions to the marital residence, wife testified that she maintained

the home, cleaned the home, and bought supplies for the home. However, “[c]ustomary

maintenance and upkeep” is insufficient to prove significant personal efforts by the parties to

transmute property from separate property to marital property. Martin v. Martin, 27 Va. App.

745, 757, 501 S.E.2d 450, 456 (1998).

        The value of the marital residence did not increase from the parties’ significant personal

efforts or contributions from marital property. Code § 20-107.3(A)(3)(a). The marital residence

maintained its classification as husband’s separate property and was not transmuted into hybrid

property.

        Accordingly, we reverse the trial court’s ruling that the marital residence was hybrid

property and its award of forty-five percent of the equity to wife and remand the issue of the

equitable distribution of the marital residence to the trial court.

                                        B. Retirement account

        Husband argues that the trial court erred in holding that he dissipated the funds in his

deferred compensation retirement account. Husband, however, did not make this argument to the

trial court until his second motion to reconsider and brief, which were not addressed within the

twenty-one days after the entry of the final decree. See Rule 1:1. The trial court no longer had

jurisdiction to consider husband’s argument regarding waste and dissipation.

        The Court of Appeals will not consider a claim of trial court error as a ground for reversal

“where no timely objection was made, except to attain the ends of justice.” Marshall v.

Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 627, 636, 496 S.E.2d 120, 125 (1998) (citing Rule 5A:18).




                                                 -5-
Furthermore, we “will not consider an argument on appeal which was not [timely] presented to

the trial court.” Ohree v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 299, 308, 494 S.E.2d 484, 488 (1998).

        Since husband did not timely present his argument to the trial court, we will not consider

it on appeal.

                                          II. Rule 5A:20(e)

        Husband argues that the trial court erred in ruling that the gold jewelry was marital property

and awarding it to wife as a setoff against the deferred compensation retirement account. Husband

contends wife used her credit cards to purchase the gold jewelry and he loaned her $60,000 to pay

the bills. Husband testified that the $60,000 came from his separate funds, and he wanted wife to

pay him back.

        In addition, husband argues that the trial court erred in awarding spousal support to wife

because he cannot afford to pay her spousal support.

        Rule 5A:20(e) mandates that appellant’s opening brief include “[t]he standard of review

and the argument (including principles of law and authorities) relating to each assignment of

error.” Husband did not comply with Rule 5A:20(e) because his opening brief does not contain

any principles of law, or citation to legal authorities, or the record to fully develop his arguments.

        Husband has the burden of showing that reversible error was committed. See Lutes v.

Alexander, 14 Va. App. 1075, 1077, 421 S.E.2d 857, 859 (1992). Unsupported assertions of

error “do not merit appellate consideration.” Buchanan v. Buchanan, 14 Va. App. 53, 56, 415

S.E.2d 237, 239 (1992). Furthermore this Court “will not search the record for errors in order to

interpret the appellant’s contention and correct deficiencies in a brief.” Id. Nor is it this Court’s

“function to comb through the record . . . in order to ferret-out for ourselves the validity of

[appellant’s] claims.” Fitzgerald v. Bass, 6 Va. App. 38, 56 n.7, 366 S.E.2d 615, 625 n.7 (1988)




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(en banc). “Even pro se litigants must comply with the rules of court.” Francis v. Francis, 30

Va. App. 584, 591, 518 S.E.2d 842, 846 (1999).

        We find that husband’s failure to comply with Rule 5A:20(e) is significant, so we will not

consider the issues regarding the gold jewelry and spousal support. See Fadness v. Fadness, 52

Va. App. 833, 851, 667 S.E.2d 857, 866 (2008) (“If the parties believed that the circuit court

erred, it was their duty to present that error to us with legal authority to support their

contention.”); Parks v. Parks, 52 Va. App. 663, 664, 666 S.E.2d 547, 548 (2008).

                                            CONCLUSION

        For the reasons discussed above, we affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand for further

proceedings consistent with this opinion.

                                                                                      Affirmed in part,
                                                                                      reversed in part,
                                                                                        and remanded.




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