                                                                            FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                            DEC 19 2018
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS


                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT


HAYDEE OUANO RASTEGAR, an                        No.   16-55551
individual; GHOLAM H. RASTEGAR, an
individual; BRIAN BIJAN RASTEGAR,                D.C. No.
an individual,                                   8:16-cv-00078-JVS-DFM

              Plaintiffs-Appellants,
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
 v.

WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A., AKA
Wachovia Mortgage, a Division of
WELLS FARGO/WORLD SAVINGS
AND LOAN,

              Defendant-Appellee.


                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Central District of California
                     James V. Selna, District Judge, Presiding

                     Argued and Submitted December 5, 2018
                              Pasadena, California




      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
Before: O’SCANNLAIN and IKUTA, Circuit Judges, and STEEH,** District
Judge.

      Haydee, Gholam, and Brian Rastegar appeal the district court’s dismissal of

their claims against Wells Fargo for breach of contract, breach of the implied

covenant of good faith and fair dealing, promissory estoppel, negligent

misrepresentation, constructive fraud, and for an accounting, as well as their claims

brought under California’s Homeowner Bill of Rights (HBOR). We have

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.1

      The confirmation of the bankruptcy plan had preclusive effect. See Bullard

v. Blue Hills Bank, 135 S. Ct. 1686, 1692 (2015). Because Brian Rastegar is in

privity with Haydee Rastegar,2 see Headwaters Inc. v. U.S. Forest Serv., 399 F.3d

1047, 1053–54 (9th Cir. 2005), the amount of the loan and the applicable interest

rates were necessarily determined in the confirmation of the plan, see Bullard, 135


      **
             The Honorable George Caram Steeh III, United States District Judge
for the Eastern District of Michigan, sitting by designation.
      1
        Plaintiffs-Appellants’ corrected motion for judicial notice (Doc. 54) is
GRANTED with respect to Exhibits B, G, H, and I, and DENIED with respect to
Exhibits A, C, D, E, and F. Defendant-Appellee’s motion for judicial notice (Doc.
41) is DENIED. Plaintiffs-Appellants’ initial motion for judicial notice (Doc. 53)
is DENIED as moot.
      2
       Assuming Gholam Rastegar can bring a claim for breach of contract even
though he is not a party to the contract, he is also in privity with Haydee Rastegar.
See Headwaters Inc. v. U.S. Forest Serv., 399 F.3d 1047, 1053–54 (9th Cir. 2005).
                                          2
S. Ct. at 1692, and such determination was critical to the plan’s confirmation, see

Town of N. Bonneville v. Callaway, 10 F.3d 1505, 1508 (9th Cir. 1993), plaintiffs’

claims for breach of contract are barred by issue preclusion.

      Moreover, plaintiffs are judicially estopped from taking the position that the

bankruptcy court’s determination of the loan amount and applicable interest rates

was incorrect, because that position is “clearly inconsistent” with Haydee

Rastegar’s position taken in the bankruptcy proceeding that Wells Fargo’s proof of

claim was correct, and because the bankruptcy court accepted that position in the

bankruptcy proceeding. See Ah Quin v. Cty. of Kauai Dep’t of Transp., 733 F.3d

267, 270 (9th Cir. 2013).

      Plaintiffs’ claim for breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair

dealing is time barred with respect to their allegations that Wells Fargo’s

predecessor instructed them to default on their loan, were slow to engage in

modification discussions (or refused to engage in modification discussions), and

refused to accept partial payments to cure the default, because such alleged conduct

occurred more than four years prior to the filing of the complaint. See Cal. Civ.

Proc. Code § 337. Furthermore, because plaintiffs failed to allege any clear and

unambiguous promise made by Wells Fargo, their claim for promissory estoppel

fails. See Aceves v. U.S. Bank, N.A., 192 Cal. App. 4th 218, 225–29 (2011). The


                                          3
promissory estoppel claim also fails because it is time barred. See Cal. Civ. Proc.

Code § 339.

      Because the mortgage default was cured during the pendency of this appeal,

plaintiffs do not face an impending default or foreclosure. They therefore cannot

receive injunctive or monetary relief under HBOR. See Cal. Civ. Code

§§ 2923.55, 2923.6, 2923.7, 2924.11, 2924.18 (2015). Further, they cannot receive

damages under HBOR because no foreclosure has occurred. See Cal. Civ. Code

§ 2924.12(b) (2015). Accordingly, their HBOR claims are moot. See

Kingdomware Techs., Inc. v. United States, 136 S. Ct. 1969, 1975 (2016).

      Plaintiffs failed to state a claim for negligent misrepresentation because they

did not allege that Wells Fargo had reason to believe that the amounts of the loan

listed in public filings were incorrect. See Masters v. San Bernardino Cty. Emps.

Ret. Ass’n, 32 Cal. App. 4th 30, 40 n.6 (1995). Plaintiffs also failed to state a

constructive fraud claim because they failed to allege a fiduciary or confidential

relationship with Wells Fargo. See Assilzadeh v. Cal. Fed. Bank, 82 Cal. App. 4th

399, 415 (2000). Plaintiffs likewise failed to state a claim for an accounting

because they did not allege a relationship that requires an accounting. See Teselle

v. McLoughlin, 173 Cal. App. 4th 156, 179 (2009).




                                           4
      Finally, the district court did not err in dismissing each of plaintiffs’ claims

without leave to amend, because no facts could be alleged to cure the defects in the

complaint. See Doe v. United States, 58 F.3d 494, 497 (9th Cir. 1995).

AFFIRMED.




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