Affirmed and Opinion filed September 25, 2018.




                                     In The

                  Fourteenth Court of Appeals
                              NO. 14-17-00354-CV

                         AMIR A. CHAMIE, Appellant
                                        V.
  MEMORIAL HERMANN HEALTH SYSTEM, D/B/A UNIVERSITY
PLACE RETIREMENT HOME, AND CROTHALL HEALTHCARE, INC.,
                       Appellees

                   On Appeal from the 234th District Court
                           Harris County, Texas
                     Trial Court Cause No. 2013-32676


                                OPINION

      In this slip-and-fall, personal injury case, appellant Amir A. Chamie appeals
from the trial court’s grant of no-evidence summary judgment favoring appellees
Memorial Hermann Health System, d/b/a University Place Retirement Home, and
Crothall Healthcare, Inc. In two issues, Chamie contends that the trial court erred
in granting summary judgment because he presented more than a scintilla of
evidence to support the challenged element of his claims and the appellees’ motion
was filed prematurely. We affirm.

                                         Background

       Chamie alleged that he slipped and fell in a liquid substance left on the floor
while visiting his grandmother in a nursing home. Memorial Hermann owns the
nursing facility at which Chamie alleges he was injured. Crothall provides
janitorial services at the facility. Chamie sued both companies, asserting
negligence under a theory of premises liability.1

       Memorial Hermann and Crothall filed a joint no-evidence motion for
summary judgment asserting that Chamie could not produce evidence to support
the causation element of any of his claims.2 Chamie filed a two-page response to
the motion, in which he purported to attach an appendix; however, the only
document attached to the response was a single-sheet table of contents. This table
of contents lists four exhibits, but no exhibits are attached to the response or
otherwise appear in the record. Chamie insists in his appellate brief that he filed the
exhibits with the trial court. Memorial Hermann and Crothall insist that he did not.
Chamie requested two supplemental clerk’s records from the trial court but neither
contains the exhibits Chamie claims he attached to the response. Chamie has
attached exhibits to his appellate brief that purport to be the exhibits in question.

       Appellees filed their no-evidence motion on March 15, 2017, twelve days

       1
          At one point in the proceedings, the trial court dismissed Chamie’s claims because he
did not file an expert report as required for healthcare liability claims. Concluding that Chamie’s
claims are not, in fact, healthcare liability claims, we reversed and remanded the case for further
proceedings. Chamie v. Mem’l Hermann Health Sys., No. 14-14-00213-CV, 2015 WL 4141106
(Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] July 9, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.).
       2
         Memorial Hermann contends on appeal that in the motion Memorial Hermann also
asserted Chamie could produce no evidence of damages, but we need not determine whether
Memorial Hermann is correct to resolve the issues in this appeal.

                                                2
before the end of the discovery period set in the trial court’s docket control order,
and set the motion for oral hearing on May 1, 2017, over a month after the
expiration of the discovery period. The trial court granted the motion, and this
appeal followed.

                                    Summary Judgment

       In his first issue, Chamie contends the trial court erred in granting summary
judgment because he presented more than a scintilla of evidence to establish that
appellees’ conduct caused his injuries.3 To defeat a no-evidence motion for
summary judgment, the responding party must present evidence raising a genuine
issue of material fact supporting each element contested in the motion. See Tex. R.
Civ. P. 166a(i); Timpte Indus., Inc. v. Gish, 286 S.W.3d 306, 310 (Tex. 2009).
When reviewing a trial court’s grant of such a motion, we consider the evidence
presented in the light most favorable to the party against whom summary judgment
was rendered, crediting evidence favorable to that party if reasonable jurors could
and disregarding contrary evidence unless reasonable jurors could not. Id. We
review a no-evidence summary judgment de novo. See Joe v. Two Thirty Nine
Joint Venture, 145 S.W.3d 150, 156–57 (Tex. 2004).

       In support of his assertion that appellees’ conduct caused his alleged
injuries, Chamie cites (1) his own pleadings, (2) exhibits he attached to his
appellate brief that do not appear in the record, and (3) the appendix table of
contents that he attached to his summary judgment response. For the reasons stated

       3
         The parties disagree as to whether Chamie was an invitee or a licensee on the Memorial
Hermann premises, but there is no disagreement that Chamie’s pleaded claims require proof of
causation and that appellees challenged at least this element in their no-evidence motion. See
Gharda USA, Inc. v. Control Sols., Inc., 464 S.W.3d 338, 352 (Tex. 2015) (listing elements for
general negligence cause of action); CMH Homes, Inc. v. Daenen, 15 S.W.3d 97, 99–100 (Tex.
2000) (listing elements for invitee premises liability claim); State v. Williams, 940 S.W.2d 583,
584 (Tex.1996) (listing elements for licensee premises liability claim).

                                               3
below, none of these items constituted proper summary judgment evidence.

        Pleadings generally are not proper summary judgment evidence. Laidlaw
Waste Sys. (Dallas), Inc. v. City of Wilmer, 904 S.W.2d 656, 660 (Tex. 1995);
Hidalgo v. Surety Sav. & Loan Ass’n, 462 S.W.2d 540, 545 (Tex. 1971); Nguyen v.
Citibank N.A., 403 S.W.3d 927, 932 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2013, pet.
denied). Chamie offers no explanation as to why this court should treat his
pleadings as summary judgment evidence, and we discern no reason to do so; the
pleadings simply contain Chamie’s allegations in this case and are not evidence.
Likewise, we cannot consider the attachments to Chamie’s brief, as they are not a
part of the appellate record. See, e.g., Canton-Carter v. Baylor Coll. of Med., 271
S.W.3d 928, 931 n.2 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2008, no pet.); Gibson v.
Grocers Supply Co., 866 S.W.2d 757, 760 n.4 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]
1993, no writ). And lastly, the table of contents that Chamie attached to his
response as an exhibit did not present any actual evidence; it was merely a list of
documents that are not in the record.

       The record demonstrates that Chamie did not file any evidence in response
to appellees’ no-evidence motion for summary judgment, much less any evidence
that appellees’ conduct caused Chamie’s alleged injuries. Accordingly, the trial
court did not err in granting the motion.4 See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(i); Doherty v.
Old Place, Inc., 316 S.W.3d 840, 845 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2010, no
pet.). We therefore overrule Chamie’s first issue.

                                     Time for Discovery

       In his second issue, Chamie asserts that the trial court erred in granting
summary judgment because appellees’ motion was filed prematurely. Chamie

       4
          Chamie does not assert that the trial court’s record shows that he filed the evidence and
that the court clerk below simply failed to include it in the record.

                                                4
complains specifically that appellees’ motion was filed before the discovery
deadline set in the trial court’s docket control order.5

       Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 166a(i) provides that a party without the
burden of proof may move for a no-evidence summary judgment after an adequate
time has passed for discovery. Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(i). By granting appellees’
motion, the trial court implicitly found that an adequate time for discovery passed
before its consideration of the motion. See generally McInnis v. Mallia, 261
S.W.3d 197, 200-01 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2008, no pet.). We review
the trial court’s determination that there has been an adequate time for discovery
on a case-by-case basis, under an abuse-of-discretion standard. Id. at 201.

       The docket control order in this case contained two relevant provisions: (1)
the discovery period ended March 27, 2017 and (2) no-evidence motions for
summary judgment could not be heard before April 3, 2017. Chamie argues that,
pursuant to the comment to Rule 166a(i) and this court’s precedent in McInnis, the
trial court could not consider a motion filed earlier than March 27, 2017.6 We
disagree.

       The pertinent date for determining whether a no-evidence motion was made
prematurely is not the date on which the motion was filed but the final date on
which the motion was presented to the trial court for ruling. E.g., Cardenas v.

       5
         We presume without deciding that Chamie preserved this issue for appellate review. To
complain that there has been inadequate time for discovery under Rule 166a(i), a nonmovant
must file either an affidavit explaining the need for further discovery or a verified motion for
continuance. See Tenneco, Inc. v. Enter. Prods., Co., 925 S.W.2d 640, 647 (Tex. 1996); Lindsey
Constr., Inc. v. AutoNation Fin. Servs., LLC, 541 S.W.3d 355, 360 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th
Dist.] 2017, no pet.).
       6
         The comment to rule 166a(i) states in part: “[a] discovery period set by pretrial order
should be adequate opportunity for discovery unless there is a showing to the contrary, and
ordinarily a motion under paragraph (i) would be permitted after the period but not before.” Tex.
R. Civ. P. 166a cmt.

                                               5
Bilfinger TEPSCO, Inc., 527 S.W.3d 391, 404 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]
2017, no pet.); McInnis, 261 S.W.3d at 200. Here, although the motion was filed
on March 15, 2017, twelve days before the end of the discovery period set by the
trial court, the appellees did not present the motion to the trial court for ruling until
May 1, 2017, over a month after the expiration of the discovery period and during
a time period specifically provided in the docket control order. The trial court did
not err merely by considering the motion for summary judgment during this time
period.7

       Chamie additionally argues under this issue that the trial court erred in
granting summary judgment when a continuance of the trial date was granted
shortly before the court ruled on the summary judgment motion. Chamie filed an
unopposed motion for a continuance of the trial setting on March 30, 2017;
however, he did not request a continuance of the hearing on the motion for
summary judgment. The record does not contain an express ruling on Chamie’s
motion for continuance, but it does contain an order, dated April 12, 2017,
resetting the trial for the two-week trial docket beginning October 9, 2017. This
order explicitly stated that “[a]ll previous pre-trial deadlines remain in effect,
unless changed by the court.” The order therefore did not reset any date or deadline
other than the trial setting itself. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in ruling
on the motion for summary judgment at the time it did.

       Finding no merit in any of Chamie’s arguments, we overrule Chamie’s
second issue.


       7
         We further note that by the time of the hearing on the motion, this simple slip-and-fall
case had been back in the trial court for 585 days since being remanded after a prior appeal and
had gone through two separate discovery periods under two different docket control orders.
Chamie had adequate time for discovery before the no-evidence motion was presented. See
generally McInnis, 261 S.W.3d at 201 (setting forth factors).

                                               6
      We affirm the trial court’s judgment.




                                      /s/       Martha Hill Jamison
                                                Justice



Panel consists of Chief Justice Frost and Justices Christopher and Jamison.




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