                                                                                                                           Opinions of the United
2006 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


3-6-2006

Wang v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 04-4459




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                                                                          NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                         UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT


                                          No. 04-4459


                                        FEI XIA WANG,

                                                             Petitioner
                                                v.

                                 ATTORNEY GENERAL OF
                                  THE UNITED STATES,

                                                             Respondent


                        On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                          United States Department of Justice
                             Board of Immigration Appeals
                                 (BIA No. A 77 317 872)
                  (Honorable Donald Vincent Ferlise, Immigration Judge)


                     Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
                                    January 31, 2006

           Before: MCKEE, VAN ANTWERPEN, and SILER*, Circuit Judges.

                                    (Filed: March 6, 2006)
                                            ____

                                    OPINION OF THE COURT




       *
        Honorable Eugene E. Siler, Jr., Circuit Judge for the United States Court of Appeals for the
Sixth Circuit, sitting by designation.
SILER, Circuit Judge.

       Fei Xia Wang, a native of China, petitions this court to review the Board of

Immigration Appeals’s (BIA) streamlined affirmance of the Immigration Judge’s (IJ) denial

of asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the United Nations Convention Against

Torture and Other Forms of Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

(“CAT”), 8 C.F.R. § 208.16. Because the IJ’s determination that (1) certain inconsistencies

in Wang’s testimony make her claim incredible and (2) the failure to prove a well-founded

fear of persecution for selling banned Falun Gong literature is supported by substantial

evidence on the record, we will DENY the petition. See Abdille v. Ashcroft, 242 F.3d 477,

483 (3d Cir. 2001) (noting IJ’s findings supported by substantial evidence unless a different

result is compelled).

                                             I.

       Wang was arrested in China for illegally selling books containing information on

Falun Gong. She claims she was taken to a house and detained for five days. Eventually,

she escaped to the home of a friend. She contends that police went to her home to look for

her and threatened her parents. She later fled in 2000 to the United States without

authorization or valid entry documents.

       During her removal hearing before an IJ, Wang conceded removability. However, she

argued entitlement to asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the CAT. As

her basis, she testified that she feared persecution for selling the Falun Gong text

“FALUNFOFA” and for fleeing from authorities. In addition, she stated she feared

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retribution from the “snakehead” smugglers who brought her to the United States.

       The IJ ordered removal upon the following findings: (1) Wang sold some Falun

Gong materials but did not practice the beliefs of Falun Gong; (2) Wang’s detention in

China for five days was an arrest; (3) Wang had informed immigration officers that she had

never been arrested, but readily admitted in cross-examination that she had been arrested; (4)

Wang’s father wrote in a letter that he had been arrested, but Wang testified that no one in

her family had ever been arrested; (5) all requested relief would be denied based upon

Wang’s lack of credibility; (6) even if she was credible, being arrested for selling illegal

books in China does not amount to persecution, Fatin v. INS, 12 F.3d 1233 (3d Cir. 1993);

(7) Wang “obviously fears” persecution for selling illegal materials and having escaped from

detention, but her fear is neither well-founded nor does it show a clear probability of

persecution upon her removal; (8) because Wang cannot demonstrate well-founded fear as

a predicate to her asylum application, her withholding of removal claim also fails; and (9)

Wang has not shown that she is more likely than not to be tortured upon her return to China.

       The BIA affirmed the IJ without opinion, and Wang petitioned for review.

                                             II.

       We have jurisdiction to review final decisions of the BIA under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a).

We review an IJ's opinion and scrutinize its reasoning when the BIA issues a streamlined

decision. Smriko v. Ashcroft, 387 F.3d 279, 282 (3d Cir. 2004). Under substantial evidence

review, an IJ’s denial of asylum can be reversed “only if the evidence presented by [the

Petitioner] was such that a reasonable fact finder would have to conclude that the requisite

                                              3
fear of persecution existed.” INS v. Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S. 478, 481 (1992); see also

Abdille, 242 F.3d at 483-84 (“[T]he [agency]'s finding must be upheld unless the evidence

not only supports a contrary conclusion, but compels it.”).

       To be eligible for asylum, Wang must show that she is a refugee, which means that

she is unwilling or unable to return to China “because of persecution or a well-founded fear

of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social

group, or political opinion.” 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42)(A).        Wang bears the burden of

demonstrating past persecution or      a well-founded fear of persecution with credible

testimony. See Gao v. Ashcroft, 299 F.3d 266, 272 (3d Cir. 2002).

       Eligibility for withholding of removal is more stringent than the standard for asylum.

Lukwago v. Ashcroft, 329 F.3d 157, 177 (3d Cir. 2003). The applicant must show that future

persecution based on political opinion or other factors is “more likely than not” to occur. 8

C.F.R. § 208.16(b). “An applicant for relief on the merits under [Article 3] of the [CAT]

bears the burden of establishing ‘that it is more likely than not that he or she would be

tortured if removed to the proposed country of removal.’” Sevoian v. Ashcroft, 290 F.3d 166,

174-75 (3d Cir. 2002) (quoting 8 C.F.R. § 208.16(c)(2)).

       Adverse credibility determinations, like other factual findings in immigration

proceedings, are reviewed under the substantial evidence standard. Mulanga v. Ashcroft, 349

F.3d 123, 131 (3d Cir. 2003). An IJ’s adverse credibility finding is afforded substantial

deference if it is supported by “specific cogent reasons.” Reynoso-Lopez v. Ashcroft, 369

F.3d 275, 278 (3d Cir. 2004). Wang’s hearing and request for asylum occurred prior to the

                                             4
effective date of the Real ID Act, and therefore is not subject to a new provision that allows

IJs to rely on inconsistencies “without regard” to whether they go to the heart of the asylum

claim. Real ID Act of 2005, § 101(a)(3), Pub.L. No. 109-13, 119 Stat. 231, 303, codified at

8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii). Thus, the IJ’s adverse credibility determination must involve

the “heart of the asylum claim.” Gao, 299 F.3d at 272.

       The IJ found that upon Wang’s initial entry into the United States, she lied to

immigration officers about never having been arrested in China but admitted at the hearing

that she had been arrested. Wang explains that the discrepancy was due to a translation

misunderstanding. The IJ’s second credibility determination was that Wang had lied about

her father’s not having been arrested. The government, however, presented a letter from her

father stating that he was detained for five days but not arrested. The IJ has provided a

sufficient basis for this court to evaluate its adverse credibility determination with respect to

Wang. In addition, the credibility findings of the IJ raise serious questions regarding Wang’s

veracity on two specific instances, which impacts the credibility of her asylum claim that she

was arrested for five days. See Reynoso-Lopez, 369 F.3d at 278-79. Therefore, the IJ’s

adverse credibility determination is supported by substantial evidence.

       Even if Wang was credible, the IJ’s determination that she did not prove that she had

been persecuted is supported by substantial evidence. First, she was not arrested for being

a Falun Gong practitioner, but for selling banned literature. Second, she did not ascribe to

or practice the beliefs of the Falun Gong. Wang argues that the IJ erred in finding that her

persecution for selling illegal books did not amount to fear of persecution. However, no

                                               5
evidence established that Wang was arrested because she was believed to be a supporter of

the Falun Gong or that she was a practitioner of Falun Gong. See Liu v. Ashcroft, 380 F.3d

307, 315 (7th Cir. 2004) (denying asylum on the basis that the record did not reflect that the

government imputed Falun Gong membership to the petitioner). Moreover, Wang did not

show that due to her activities she would have been perceived by the government as a

supporter of the Falun Gong movement. See, e.g., Gao v. Gonzales, 424 F.3d 122, 130 (2d

Cir. 2005) (holding that “an imputed political opinion, whether correctly or incorrectly

attributed, can constitute a ground of political persecution within the meaning of the [INA]”).

Wang concedes that she was only arrested for selling illegal books and did not practice or

support the Falun Gong. Therefore, she does not present a basis for persecution or a well-

founded fear of persecution.

       Wang’s final argument is that CAT relief was erroneously denied on two grounds:

(1) evidence indicated that the Chinese government engages in mass human rights violations

showing that it is likely that she will be tortured upon her return; and (2) the IJ failed to make

an express finding concerning the likelihood of future persecution. The IJ found that it is not

more likely than not that Wang will be tortured upon her return to China. Although she may

be subject to a fine or some form of penalty for illegally leaving China, the profile of asylum

claims and country conditions cited by Wang does not indicate that it is likely that she will

be tortured upon her return to China. See Wang v. Ashcroft, 368 F.3d 347, 350-51 (3d Cir.

2004) (showing that petitioner may be fined or forced to endure “lengthy reeducation” does

not make it more likely than not that petitioner will be tortured upon return). Nor does a

                                                6
bleak recitation of China’s human rights record make it more likely than not that she will be

tortured upon her return. Id. Based upon Wang’s inability to demonstrate persecution or a

well-founded fear of future persecution for anything other than selling banned literature and

the IJ’s adverse credibility determination, the decision of the IJ to deny CAT relief is

supported by substantial evidence.

       Wang failed to show that she would more likely than not face persecution if returned

to China. See Cao v. Att’y Gen., 407 F.3d 146, 153 (3d Cir. 2005). Because she failed to

establish eligibility for asylum, it follows that she failed to satisfy the higher standard for

withholding of removal. See Lukwago, 329 F.3d at 182.

                                             III.

       We have considered all other arguments made by the parties on appeal, and conclude

that no further discussion is necessary. For the foregoing reasons, we will deny the petition

for review.




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