Filed 9/9/13 P. v. Davis CA3
                                           NOT TO BE PUBLISHED



California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.



              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
                                      THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                                         (Sutter)
                                                            ----


THE PEOPLE,                                                                                  C073288

                   Plaintiff and Respondent,                                   (Super. Ct. Nos. CRF121011,
                                                                                       CRF121645)
         v.

DAVID MARSHALL DAVIS,

                   Defendant and Appellant.




         Defendant David Marshall Davis and his stepson, 16 year-old D.W., were
cleaning out a room in the family home when D.W. fell asleep. Defendant threw a plastic
object at D.W., striking his right eye. Defendant also punched him in the ribs about 10
times. As a result, D.W. had a horizontal line across his field of vision which did not
heal.
         Later that week, defendant assaulted his cohabitant, D.W.‟s mother Page G. He
pushed her against the kitchen wall, hit her in the face with a closed fist, and threw her to
the ground. Page G. was three months pregnant with defendant‟s child. While she was
on the ground, defendant stomped on her stomach with his foot and yelled that he hoped

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she would miscarry. He also threatened to kill Page G. if she got law enforcement
involved. D.W. distracted defendant by letting the dogs in, and then fled with his mother.
       In a search incident to defendant‟s arrest, officers found a marijuana growing
facility in one of the rooms. Wiring for the operation was stripped and spliced and
hanging exposed instead of inside a junction box. Exposed electrical wiring emerged
from the sheetrock as well. A search warrant was later executed on the residence.
Officers found 390.88 grams of marijuana in a paper bag, a sheet of paper indicating the
respective values of different amounts of marijuana, and 21 jars containing a total of
384.28 grams of marijuana.
       While in jail, defendant called Page G. and instructed her to have D.W. testify that
he made up the whole story because he was angry at defendant.
       Defendant was charged in case No. CRF121011 with corporal injury to a child
with great bodily injury (Pen. Code, §§ 273d, subd. (a), 12022.7, subd. (a); undesignated
statutory references are to the Penal Code), child endangerment (§ 273a, subd. (a)),
corporal injury to a cohabitant (§ 273.5, subd. (a)), dissuading a witness (§ 136.1, subd.
(c)(1)), criminal threats (§ 422), assault by means likely to cause great bodily injury
(§ 245, subd. (a)(1)), misdemeanor false imprisonment (§§ 236, 237), and possession of
marijuana for sale (Health & Saf. Code, § 11359).
       A few days after being released from jail, defendant confronted D.W. and accused
him of stealing some marijuana. D.W. denied stealing marijuana, but admitted selling
some while defendant was in jail. Defendant and Page G. told D.W. to leave the home;
D.W. went to his girlfriend‟s residence. Defendant and Page G. drove D.W. home the
following day. After Page G. and their other children left, defendant confronted D.W. in
the room where the marijuana was grown. Defendant, armed with an aluminum baseball
bat, told D.W. he would knock his head off if he said anything stupid. When D.W.
continued to deny stealing the marijuana, defendant struck him in the shin with the bat.
Defendant left the residence when Page G. and the children returned.

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       Defendant was subsequently charged in case No. CRF121645 with corporal injury
to a child with personal use of a deadly weapon (§§ 273d, subd. (a), 12022, subd. (b)(1)),
criminal threats with personal use of a deadly weapon (§§ 422, 12022, subd. (b)(1)),
dissuading a witness (§ 136.1, subd. (b)(1)), subornation of perjury (§ 127), assault with a
deadly weapon (§ 245, subd. (a)(1)), and on bail enhancements for all counts (§ 12022.1).
       Pleading in both cases, defendant pleaded no contest to corporal injury to a child,
corporal injury to a cohabitant, dissuading a witness, and assault with a deadly weapon,
and admitted great bodily injury and on bail enhancement. The remaining charges were
dismissed with a Harvey waiver. (People v. Harvey (1979) 25 Cal.3d 754.) The trial
court sentenced defendant to 16 years in state prison, imposed various fines and fees, and
awarded 166 days of credit (145 actual and 21 conduct) in case No. CRF12011 and
93 days of credit (81 actual and 12 conduct) in case No. CRF121645 (§ 2933.1). In a
subsequent proceeding, the trial court ordered $1,681.50 victim restitution to Medi-Cal
for Page G.‟s and D.W.‟s medical expenses and $120 to the home‟s owner for damages
resulting from defendant‟s marijuana operation.
       Defendant appeals. He did not obtain a certificate of probable cause.
       We appointed counsel to represent defendant on appeal. Counsel filed an opening
brief that sets forth the facts of the case and requests this court to review the record and
determine whether there are any arguable issues on appeal. (People v. Wende (1979)
25 Cal.3d 436.) Defendant was advised by counsel of the right to file a supplemental
brief within 30 days of the date of filing of the opening brief.
       Defendant filed a supplemental brief in which he asserts that the statement of facts
in the Wende brief filed by appellate counsel are inaccurate, trial counsel filing an
inoperative notice of appeal, and requests dismissal of appellate counsel and appointment
of substitute appellate counsel.
       Our review of the facts of the case show that appellate counsel‟s statement of facts
was not inaccurate. As to defendant‟s second contention, the record shows a notice of

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appeal was filed by trial counsel on March 7, 2013, which was filed with this court on the
same date and is the basis for the appeal. Finally, we denied defendant‟s motion for
substitute counsel in a separate proceeding.
       There is an error in the award of victim restitution to Medi-Cal.
       Section 1202.4, subdivision (a)(3)(B) requires the trial court to order the convicted
defendant to pay “[r]estitution to the victim or victims, if any, in accordance with
subdivision (f) . . . .” In turn, subdivision (f) states, in part, “in every case in which a
victim has suffered economic loss as a result of the defendant‟s conduct, the court shall
require that the defendant make restitution to the victim or victims in an amount
established by court order, based on the amount of loss claimed by the victim or victims
or any other showing to the court.” Therefore, under the plain language of section
1202.4, “the court may order restitution only to a „victim.‟ ” (People v. Slattery (2008)
167 Cal.App.4th 1091, 1095 (Slattery).)
       “[T]he term „victim‟ has a broad and flexible meaning” (People v. Saint-Amans
(2005) 131 Cal.App.4th 1076, 1084), but it is not so broad as to encompass Medicare and
Medi-Cal in this case. A “victim” under section 1202.4 “shall include all of the
following: [¶] . . . [¶] (2) A corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership,
association, joint venture, government, governmental subdivision, agency, or
instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity when that entity is a direct victim
of a crime.” (§ 1202.4, subd. (k)(2).) “Thus, Penal Code section 1202.4, subdivision (k)
permits restitution to a business or governmental entity only when it is a direct victim of
crime.” (People v. Martinez (2005) 36 Cal.4th 384, 393.) Defendant committed no
crime against Medi-Cal, so it was not a direct victim eligible for restitution under section
1202.4. Analogous cases so provide. (See id. at pp. 386, 393-394 [Department of Toxic
Substances Control was not a direct victim of attempted methamphetamine production
and may not recover as restitution its costs incurred cleaning up waste material]; Slattery,
supra, 167 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1096-1097 [the defendant inflicted injury on an elder

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victim; the treating hospital was not a direct victim of the crime entitled to section 1202.4
restitution even though it incurred economic losses].) We shall modify the restitution
award accordingly.
       Having undertaken an examination of the entire record, we find no other arguable
error that would result in a disposition more favorable to defendant.

                                       DISPOSITION
       The restitution award is modified to strike the $1,681.50 in victim restitution to
Medi-Cal. As modified, the judgment is affirmed. The trial court is directed to forward
an amended abstract of judgment reflecting the modification to the Department of
Corrections and Rehabilitation.



                                                        HULL                   , J.



We concur:



      BLEASE                , Acting P. J.



      NICHOLSON             , J.




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