UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBlA

JOHN E. DRAIM,
Plaintiff,
v.

VIRTUAL GEOSATELLITE
HOLDINGS, INC., et al.,

Defendants.

MoBILE CoMMUi\uCATIoNS
HoLmNGs, INC., er al.,

Plaintiffs,
v.
JOHN E. DRAIM,

Defendant.

FILED

NOV - lt 2009

NANCY MAYER WH\TT|NGTON, CLERK
U.S. D|STR|CT COURT

Civil Action No. 01-2690 (JMF)

Civil Action No. 02-()775 (JMF)

MEMORANDUM OPINION

On July 29, 20()9, final judgment was entered in favor of plaintiff. Currently pending and

ready for resolution is Virtual Geosatellite Holding, lnc. and Mobile Cornrnunications Holdings,

lnc.’s l\/lotion to Reopen Time to File Appeal ("Defs. l\/lot.") [#133].

l. The Parties’ Positions

Defendants concede that, under Rule 4(a)( l) ofthe Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure

("FRAP"), any appeal ofthis court’s final judgement was due by August 28, 2009. Defs. l\/[ot. at

2. Defendants argue that they never received the Electronic Case Filing ("ECF") notification of

the court’s entry of j udgment and that, since no party would be prejudiced by an extension, their
request for an additional fourteen days within which to file a notice of appeal should be granted.
lcL at l, 3.
Plaintiff argues that defendants have failed to meet the requirements of either FRAP
4(a)(5) or 4(a)(6) and that their motion should be denied. l\/lemorandum in Opposition to l\/lotion
to Reopen Tinie to Apgeal ("Opp.") at l. Plaintiff argues further that the court’s ECF records
reflect that notice was sent to defendants’ counsel at the proper email address, that counsel has an
independent responsibility to monitor the docket, and tinally, that plaintiff would be prejudiced if
defendants were allowed to file an appeal. l;d. at l-4.
ln their reply, defendants concede that it would have been more prudent for them to have
checked the docket but maintain that relief is still available to them irrespective of whether the
ECF notification to them did occur:
lt may have been wiser to check to the docket and not rely on ecf
notice, but we did not check the docket, expecting to receive the
ecf notice. lt is remotely possible, although improbably, that the
email notice was deleted inadvertently We will never know. But
this is again irrelevant to the plain fact that notice was never
received. lt therefore does not matter whether the clerk mailed or
ecf`s the notice; if it was not actually received, relief is still
available under Rule (4) (a) (6).
Replv l\/lemorandum in Support of Motion to Reo_@n Time to Am)eal at 2,
ll. Analysis
A. Jurisdictional Nature ofthe Filing ofa Notice of Appeal

The Supreme Court "has long held that the taking of an appeal within the prescribed time

is ‘mandatory and jurisdictional,"’ Bowles v. Russell, 551 U.S. 205, 209 (2007) (quoting Griggs

v. Provident Consumer Disc. Co., 459 U.S. 56, 61 (1982)), when the time period is prescribed by
Congress as opposed to a particular court. Bowles, 551 U.S. at 210-1 l. Expanding upon the
rationale behind its interpretation of statutory limitations, the Court stated the following:

Jurisdictional treatment of statutory time limits makes good sense.

Within constitutional bounds, Congress decides what cases the

federal courts have jurisdiction to consider. Because Congress

decides whether federal courts can hear cases at all, it can also

determine when, and under what conditions, federal courts can

hear them.
id at 212-13. Because Rule 4 of the FRAP gives effect to a Congressionally implemented
liniitatioii on the filing of an appeal, codified at 28 U.S.C. § 21 O7(a), it is jurisdictional in nature.
§ at 208, 210-12.

B. ReliefAvailable Under FRAP 4(a)(6)
FRAP 4(a)(6), the basis upon which defendants’ motion is made, provides that a district

court may reopen the time for filing an appeal if all of the following conditions are metz

(A) the court finds that the moving party did not receive notice

under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 77(d) of the entry of the

judgment or order sought to be appealed within 21 days after entry;

(B) the motion is filed within 180 days after thejudgment or order

is entered or within 7 days after the moving party receives notice

under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 77(d) of the entry,

whichever is earlier; and

(C) the court finds that no party would be prejudiced.
FRAP 4(a)(6).

Under Rule 77(d) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, "lack of notice of the entry [of

an order or judgment] does not affect the time for appeal or relieve-or authorize the court to

relieve»a party for failing to appeal within the time allowed, except as allowed by Federal Rule

of Appellate Procedure (4)(a)." Fed. R. Civ. P. 77(d). Returning once again to Rule 4, the
Advisory Committee Notes provide much needed illumination as to the meaning of the word
"notice":

Subdivision (a)(6)(B). Former subdivision (a)(6)(A) required a

party to move to reopen the time to appeal "within 7 days after the

moving party receives notice of the entry [of the judgment or order

sought to be appealed]." Former subdivision (a)(6)(A) has been

redesignated as subdivision (a)(6)(B), and one important

substantive change has been made: The subdivision now makes

clear that ottly_for)iiczl notice of the entry of a judgment or order

under Civil Rule 77(d) will trigger the 7-day period to move to

reopen the time to appeal.
Advisory Com1nittee Note to 2005 Amendments, Fed. R. Civ. P. 4 (emphasis added).

The next question is what constitutes formal notice in the District Court for the District of
Columbia. On january 31, 2001, this court went live on the Administrative Office ofthe U.S.
Court’s PACER ("Public Access to Court Electronic Records") system, a service which provides
on-line access to court records and documents nationwide. District of Columbia Court
lnformation, http://ecf,dcd.circdc.dcn/cgi-bin/Courtlnfo.pl (last visited Oct.l, 2009). Pursuant to
Local Civil Rule 5.4, parties are required, unless they are proceeding pro se, to have their
attorneys register with the court’s ECF system. § LcvR 5.4.

According to court records, defendants’ attorney Tom Patton did register with the court’s
ECF system. §e_e Attachment A. ln addition, l\/lr. Patton was required to fill out an
Attorney/Participant Registration Form. ln so doing, l\/Ir. Patton agreed to accept service of
notice of court orders by various means, including authorized e-mail. § Attachment B, 1[3.

In the dispute currently before the court, the sole issue is whether Mr. Patton received

official notice, via e-mail, ofthe court’s issuance ofits finaljudgment on July 29, 2009.

According to a report generated by the court’s ECF Coordinator, on July 29, 2009 at 14:36:55
(2:36 p.m.) notice was successfully e-mailed to l\/lr. Patton at "tpatton@tighepatton.com". S_ee_
Attachm ent C.

As noted above, pursuant to FRAP 4(a)(6), the time period for filing an appeal may be
reopened by the district court if the party did not receive notice of the order or judgment within
21 days after its entry and the extension is sought (1) within 180 days after the entry of the order
or judgment or (2) within 7 days of actual receipt and (3) neither party is prejudiced. Therefore,
the only question presented is whether l can, on this record, conclude that the "moving party did
not receive notice" ofthe entry ofjudgment. S_ee Benavides v. Bureau of Prisons, 79 F.3d 1211,
1214 (D.C. Cir. 1999) ("Note that Rule 4(a)(6). unlike Rule 4(a)(5), does note require that the
party seeking to file an otherwise untimely notice of appeal show ‘excusable neglect or good
cause’ or any other facts in mitigation of his tardiness.").

First, l begin with the premise that the Local Rules of this Court provide that service of
judgment and orders by the Clerk of the Court are to be transmitted to counsel electronically and
that such transmittal has the same effect as service by a paper document through the mail.
Specifically, the pertinent rule provides:

(1) The filing of any document electronically following procedures
set forth in this Rule constitutes filing for all purposes under the
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the Local Rules of this Court.
(2) A person filing a document by electronic means is responsible
for insuring the accuracy of the official docket entry generated by
the Cl\/l/ECF software.

(3) Any document, order, or notice filed or docketed electronically

by the Court or by the Clerk shall have the same binding authority
as one filed on paper.

LCvR 5.4(c).

Additionally, by securing and using the password-based Cl\/l-ECF system, defendants’
counsel consented to service by electronic means. The rule provides:

(6) An attorney or pro se party who obtains a Cl\/l/ECF password
consents to electronic service of all documents, subsequent to the
original complaint, that are filed by electronic means pursuant to
F.R.Civ.l’. 5(b)(2)(D). Such counsel and pro se parties are
responsible for monitoring their e-mail accounts, and, upon receipt
of notice of an electronic filing, for retrieving the noticed

filing,

LCvR 5.4(b)(6).

Thus, by securing the password and participating in the system, defendant’s counsel
agreed that service by the Clerk’s office was legitimate and just as binding as service by mail.
He nevertheless asks me to find that the very system that he agreed to use should not bind him,
upon his representation that he did not receive electronic notice of filing. Whether he did is the
express question that l must resolve in defendant’s favor before 1 can even consider relief under
the rest of Rule 4(a)(6). Under that rule, such relief may be granted "only if ’ 1 find that counsel
did not receive electronic notification ofthe entry ofjudgment.

ln resolving that question of fact, l rely on the traditional principle that l may draw or
refuse to draw inferences from the known facts. 1 also rely upon my common sense. Sj_e D.C.
Std. Civ. Jury lnstr. No. 2-3 (“When you are considering the evidence . . . you are not limited
solely to the statements of the witnesses. You are permitted to draw from the evidence any

inferences or conclusions that reason and common sense lead you to ntake.").

l know that the Clerk’s office transmitted the entry ofjudgment electronically to

defendant’s counsel at the e-mail address counsel specified. 1 also know that (1) the Clerk’s
office’s use of that e-mail address had successfully transmitted every other notice, opinion and
order to defendant’s counsel, (2) opposing counsel’s use of that e-mail address to serve
defendant’s counsel has also been invariably successful, and (3) defendant’s counsel has received
service by the Clerk or opposing counsel of every other electronic filing except for the entry of
judgment.

Using my common sense, 1 know that, except in science fiction, computers do not have
minds of their own and that they only do what they were programmed to do. Thus, the Clerk’s
office’s computer was programmed to send the notice to counsel’s e-mail address and counsel’s
computer was programmed to receive it. There is no evidence whatsoever upon which 1 could
predicate the conclusion that on the day the entry of judgment was transmitted, either one or the
other or both malfunctioned and did not do what they were programmed to do when they
performed perfectly on every other occasion. 1 cannot be faithful to my responsibility to find
facts in accordance with the evidence by reaching a conclusion that it is at war with every known
fact. lndeed, on this record, 1 ain asked to find that the impossible occurred even though there is
absolutely no reason to believe it did.

The motion must, therefore, be denied. An Order accompanies this l\/lemorandum

Opinion.

¢//¢'/@¢¢»4.

Dated:
// "3 57 jim ivi_ FAccioLA
ui~tiri~:n srArEs MAGISTRATE JUDGE

