                                                                                     FILED
                                                                                      MAR 18 2010

                                NOT FOR PUBLICATION                               MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                                   U .S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS


                         UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                                FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT



 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                                    No. 09-50262

                   Plaintiff-Appellee,                        D.C. No. 08CR04128-LAB

       v.
                                                              MEMORANDUM *
 JORGE ALBERTO SOBERANES-NUNEZ,

                   Defendant-Appellant.


                        Appeal from the United States District Court
                          for the Southern District of California
                         Larry A. Burns, District Judge, Presiding

                            Argued and Submitted March 1, 2010
                                   Pasadena, California

Before: GOULD and IKUTA, Circuit Judges, and GEORGE, Senior District
Judge.**

            Appellant Jorge Soberanes was a lawful permanent resident in the United

States when he was convicted on February 16, 1999, in Fresno County, California,



   *
       This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided
by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
   **
      The Honorable Lloyd D. George, Senior United States District Judge for the District of
Nevada, sitting by designation.
of conspiracy to sell heroin and sentenced to six years’ custody. On March 26,

2003, Soberanes appeared before the immigration judge who ordered that he be

removed from the United States to Mexico. The 2003 order became final when

Soberanes’ appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals was dismissed for failure

to prosecute on September 29, 2005.

      Soberanes was not removed, but was convicted on November 30, 2006, in

Los Angeles County, California, for possessing marijuana for sale and sentenced to

two years’ custody. On March 26, 2008, the Department of Homeland Security

issued a warrant of removal/deportation for Soberanes, and removed him to Mexico

on April 2, 2008.

      On October 30, 2008, a border patrol agent discovered Soberanes hiding in

the brush on the United States side of the border between Tecate and Campo,

California. Soberanes was indicted for attempted reentry after deportation in

violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a) and (b). After a one-day bench trial, he was

convicted and sentenced to 51 months’ incarceration.

      On appeal, Soberanes argues that his 2008 removal was illegal because the

2008 warrant of removal/deportation cited an inapplicable statute, Section 241(a)(5)

of the Immigration and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(5), as authority.

Section 1231(a)(5) provides for the reinstatement of a prior removal order when an


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alien has “reentered the United States illegally after having been removed or having

departed voluntarily, under an order of removal.” Soberanes submits that he was

neither removed nor departed voluntarily from the United States before the 2008

warrant of removal/deportation was issued.

      The lawfulness of a prior deportation is not an element of the offense under §

1326. United States v. Alvarado-Delgado, 98 F.3d 492, 494 (9th Cir. 1996) (en

banc). At trial, the government proved, and Soberanes conceded, that he was in fact

removed upon execution of the 2008 warrant of removal/deportation. The evidence

was therefore sufficient to convict Soberanes under § 1326. See United States v.

Medina, 236 F.3d 1028, 1030 (9th Cir. 2001).

      While a defendant charged under § 1326 can collaterally attack a prior

deportation by showing that the proceedings were so fundamentally flawed as to

effectively eliminate the right to judicial review, such a defendant must also show

prejudice as a result of the error. Alvarado-Delgado, 98 F.3d at 494. Here,

Soberanes suffered no prejudice as a result of the citation of inapplicable statutory

authority in the 2008 warrant of removal/deportation because he still remained

subject to removal based on the 2003 removal order that became final in 2005 after

full judicial review. Because Soberanes suffered no prejudice, the district court did




                                           3
not err in refusing to dismiss the indictment. See United States v. Moriel-Luna, 585

F.3d 1191, 1196 (9th Cir. 2009).

      AFFIRMED.




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