FOR PUBLICATION




ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                      ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

JOSEPH M. CLEARY                             GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Collignon & Dietrick                         Attorney General of Indiana
Indianapolis, Indiana
                                             JODI KATHRYN STEIN
                                             Deputy Attorney General
                                             Indianapolis, Indiana
                                                                           FILED
                                                                      Apr 05 2012, 8:55 am
                            IN THE
                  COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA                                 CLERK
                                                                            of the supreme court,
                                                                            court of appeals and
                                                                                   tax court




JOSHUA ALFORD,                               )
                                             )
     Appellant-Defendant,                    )
                                             )
            vs.                              )     No. 49A02-1109-CR-816
                                             )
STATE OF INDIANA,                            )
                                             )
     Appellee-Plaintiff.                     )


                  APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT
                      The Honorable Grant W. Hawkins, Judge
                         Cause No. 49G05-1004-FC-33630


                                   April 5, 2012

                            OPINION - FOR PUBLICATION

VAIDIK, Judge
                                       Case Summary

          Joshua Alford appeals the revocation of his probation and the trial court’s order

that he serve the remaining 309 days of his previously suspended sentence in the Indiana

Department of Correction. He contends that the trial court abused its discretion by

finding this his conduct violated the no-contact order that applied to his father,

specifically that his false review of his father’s cleaning company to Angie’s List did not

constitute contact. Because we determine that this behavior does constitute contact, we

affirm.

                               Facts and Procedural History

          On April 29, 2010, the State charged Alford with two counts of Class C felony

child molesting and later added a charge of Class D felony criminal confinement. The

trial court also issued a no-contact order on April 29, prohibiting Alford from contacting

the victim, his daughter, or her mother, his wife, “in person, by telephone or letter,

through an intermediary, or in any way, directly or indirectly, except through an attorney

of record . . . . This includes, but is not limited to, acts of harassment . . . .” Appellee’s

App. p. 1. After a hearing on May 21, 2010, the no-contact order was extended to

include Alford’s father, Jim, to the list of people that Alford could not contact due to

Jim’s involvement in the custody dispute that arose out of this incident.

          In January 2011, Alford pled guilty under a combined plea agreement to Class D

felony criminal confinement and Class A misdemeanor domestic battery under another

cause number. He was sentenced to concurrent suspended sentences of 887 days for each

conviction, with 268 days of credit time and 365 days of probation. As a special


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condition of probation, the trial court continued the no-contact order for several

individuals, including Alford’s father, Jim.

       On July 28, 2011, the State filed a notice of probation violation alleging that

Alford had violated the no-contact order by submitting a false report to Angie’s List

about his father’s cleaning business that said, “They did a good job cleaning, but they

stole my wife’s diamond earrings.” Appellant’s App. p. 66. At the probation-revocation

hearing, Alford admitted to sending the false report but denied that it violated the no-

contact order because he did not have direct contact with his father. The trial court

disagreed, stating that “The acts of the defendant could have no goal other than to bring

distress to a protected person because of his involvement in the prosecution . . . .” Tr. p.

5. The trial court ordered Alford to serve the remaining 309 days of his suspended

sentence. Id. at 9.

       Alford now appeals.

                                 Discussion and Decision

       Alford contends that there was insufficient evidence for the trial court to revoke

his probation, specifically that his actions did not constitute a violation of the no-contact

order. We disagree.

       Probation revocation is a two-step process. Cox v. State, 850 N.E.2d 485, 488

(Ind. Ct. App. 2006). First, the court must make a factual determination that a violation

of a condition of probation has occurred. Id. When a probationer admits to the violation,

the court can proceed to the second step of the inquiry and determine whether the




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violation warrants revocation.    Id.   At this step, the probationer must be given an

opportunity to present evidence that explains and mitigates his violation. Id.

       Upon the revocation of probation, a trial court may impose one or more of the

following sanctions: (1) continue the person on probation, with or without modifying or

enlarging the conditions; (2) extend the person’s probationary period for not more than

one year beyond the original probationary period; (3) order execution on all or part of the

sentence that was suspended at the time of initial sentencing. Ind. Code § 35-38-2-3(g).

We review a trial court’s sentencing decisions for probation violations for an abuse of

discretion. Prewitt v. State, 878 N.E.2d 184, 188 (Ind. 2007). An abuse of discretion

occurs where the decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and

circumstances. Id.

       We defined “contact” in Wright v. State as

       “establishing of communication with someone” or “to get in
       communication with.”         Webster’s Dictionary 249 (10th ed. 1993).
       Communication occurs when a person makes something known or
       transmits information to another. Ajabu v. State, 677 N.E.2d 1035, 1042
       (Ind. Ct. App. 1997), trans. denied. Further, communication may be either
       direct or indirect and is not limited by the means in which it is made known
       to another person. Id.

688 N.E.2d 224, 226 (Ind. Ct. App. 1997) (emphasis added). Alford’s contact with Jim

was indirect and not immediately known by Jim; however, it was contact nonetheless.

Alford used Angie’s List as an intermediary through which to communicate with Jim in

an effort to harass him, in direct violation of the no-contact order that was a condition of

his probation.




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      Alford also contends that the no-contact order was not sufficiently clear, arguing

that he was not informed that contacting a third party about his father would result in a

violation. Conditions of probation must be sufficiently clear that they “describe with

clarity and particularity the misconduct that will result in penal consequences . . . .”

Hunter v. State, 883 N.E.2d 1161, 1163 (Ind. 2008). Alford argues that he was not aware

that contacting a third party about his father’s business would result in a violation. We

are not persuaded by this argument. The no-contact order specifically stated that Alford

was to have no contact with Jim directly, indirectly, or through an intermediary and that

included acts of harassment. Alford was on notice that his false report to Angie’s List

would be a violation of the no-contact order. We therefore affirm the trial court’s

revocation of Alford’s probation and the order that he serve the remaining 309 days of his

previously suspended sentence in the Indiana Department of Correction.

      Affirmed.

CRONE, J., and BRADFORD, J., concur.




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