                                                                          F I L E D
                                                                  United States Court of Appeals
                                                                          Tenth Circuit
                 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                           JUN 3 1997

                                 TENTH CIRCUIT                       PATRICK FISHER
                                                                              Clerk



 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

          Plaintiff-Appellee,
                                                        No. 96-8089
 v.                                                  (D.C. No. 96-CR-4)
                                                            (WY)
 JOHN RAYMOND RECIO,

          Defendant-Appellant.




                          ORDER AND JUDGMENT *


Before SEYMOUR, Chief Judge, PORFILIO and BALDOCK, Circuit Judges.



      Defendant John Raymond Recio entered a conditional plea of guilty to

possessing marijuana with intent to distribute in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(l)

and (b)(1)(D). On appeal, he contends the district court erroneously denied his

motion to suppress evidence obtained by officers of the Wyoming Highway Patrol

after he was stopped for having an obscured license. We disagree and affirm.


      *
       This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
      After a hearing on the motion to suppress, the district court found that once

Officer Dyer determined that Mr. Recio’s license plate was only snow covered,

the officer decided he would not issue a warning but would fill out a driver

contact card. After asking Mr. Recio a few questions about where he was headed,

the responses to which seemed odd to Officer Dyer, the officer took Mr. Recio’s

driver’s license and car rental agreement back to his patrol car, where he checked

to see if the vehicle was stolen and confirmed Mr. Recio’s driving status. He also

discussed his suspicions with Officer Chatfield. He then returned to Mr. Recio’s

car and handed him back his driver’s license and the rental contract.

      Officer Dyer then asked Mr. Recio whether he had anything illegal in the

trunk. When Mr. Recio responded “No,” Officer Dyer asked for permission to

look in the trunk. Our cases clearly hold that absent a coercive show of authority,

once a driver’s license and other papers have been returned to him, the encounter

becomes consensual and the officer may ask questions about the possibility of

illegal items in the car. See United States v. Elliott, 107 F.3d 810, 814 (10th Cir.

1997) (citing cases). Here, there is no evidence of a coercive show of authority.

We therefore reject Mr. Recio’s contention that the encounter was not consensual.

      Mr. Recio also argues, and he so testified, that he did not consent to the

subsequent search of his trunk and a duffel bag found there. Officer Dyer and

Officer Chatfield both testified that Mr. Recio not only consented to the search,


                                         -2-
he took out the car keys and opened the trunk, and then took out the duffel bag

and unzipped it halfway. Apparently believing the officers’ testimony over Mr.

Recio’s, the district court denied the motion to suppress. We are not free to

overturn the district court’s credibility determination. United States v.

Hernandez, 93 F.3d 1493, 1498 (10th Cir. 1996) (“Evaluation of the credibility of

witnesses, the weight to be given the evidence, and inferences to be drawn from

the evidence are for the district court.”). Considering the totality of the

circumstances, we are persuaded that Mr. Recio voluntarily gave his consent to

the search. See id., 93 F.3d at 1500.

      The judgment of conviction is AFFIRMED.



                                                ENTERED FOR THE COURT

                                                Stephanie K. Seymour
                                                Chief Judge




                                          -3-
