                                     2018 IL App (5th) 170274
            NOTICE
 Decision filed 10/25/18. The
 text of this decision may be             NO. 5-17-0274
 changed or corrected prior to
 the filing of a Peti ion for
 Rehearing or the disposition of
                                              IN THE
 the same.
                                   APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

                                 FIFTH DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________

KERRY RAY,                                      )     Appeal from the
                                                )     Circuit Court of
      Plaintiff-Appellee,                       )     Union County.
                                                )
v.                                              )     No. 17-L-1
                                                )
BEUSSINK & HICKAM, P.C., and                    )
SCOTT HICKAM,                                   )     Honorable
                                                )     Mark M. Boie,
      Defendants-Appellants.                    )     Judge, presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________

         JUSTICE CHAPMAN delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
         Justices Welch and Cates concurred in the judgment and opinion.

                                        OPINION

¶1       Kerry Ray (Ray) filed an accounting malpractice action against a firm, Beussink &

Hickam, P.C., and one accountant, Scott Hickam. Ray alleged that the defendants provided him

with incorrect information about his retirement benefits upon which he relied to his detriment.

Two years after Ray began receiving his retirement benefits, the Anna Downstate Police Pension

Fund and Board (Pension Fund or Fund) corrected a calculation error. The Pension Fund’s

correction resulted in Ray receiving $4000 less per month. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss,

alleging that the Pension Fund had no ability to modify the benefits more than 35 days after the

pension was awarded to Ray. The trial court denied the motion to dismiss, and the defendants

asked the trial court to certify two questions and to stay the litigation. Pursuant to Illinois


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Supreme Court Rule 308 (eff. Jan. 1, 2016), the trial court granted the motion. Defendants then

asked this court to grant its application for leave to appeal. We granted defendants’ application

on May 16, 2017. For the reasons stated in this opinion, we answer only the first of the two

certified questions. Although the Pension Fund correctly detected that Ray’s pension benefits

were erroneously set, the benefits miscalculation is not a simple arithmetical error that can be

corrected after the passage of 35 days. See 40 ILCS 5/3-144.2 (West 2014); Fredman Brothers

Furniture Co. v. Department of Revenue, 109 Ill. 2d 202, 211, 486 N.E.2d 893, 896 (1985).

¶2                                      I. BACKGROUND

¶3      Ray was promoted to the position of Interim Chief of Police for the City of Anna on or

about June 1, 2013. He served in this interim chief role until his retirement effective on March 1,

2014.

¶4      Scott Hickam was Ray’s personal accountant, and he also served as the Pension Fund’s

accountant. In anticipation of his retirement, Ray consulted with Hickam about his expected

retirement benefits. Based upon this consultation, Ray believed that by retiring on March 1,

2014, he would receive a pension benefit based upon his most recent and highest rate of pay. Ray

alleges that in reliance upon this belief, he went forward with retirement. And, upon retirement,

his pension was based upon the most recent and highest rate of pay Ray received, which was the

interim police chief pay. As a result, Ray received a $4000 increase in his annual pension benefit

over what he would have received if his pension benefit had been calculated on the basis of the

pay he received for his previous job.

¶5      On April 20, 2016, the Pension Fund informed Ray that it was reducing his retirement

benefit by the extra $4000 he had been receiving. The “miscalculation” was discovered by an

audit performed by the Illinois Department of Insurance. In order for the Pension Fund to have


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based Ray’s pension on the interim police chief salary, Ray would have had to have held that job

for a minimum of 12 months—3 months longer than he did.

¶6     Ray filed a complaint against the defendants in January 2017. Ray alleged that the

defendants were negligent for providing inaccurate advice about his anticipated retirement

benefit for the date he proposed for retirement. The defendants filed a combined motion to

dismiss pursuant to both section 2-615 and section 2-619 of the Code of Civil Procedure (735

ILCS 5/2-615, 2-619 (West 2014)). The defendants argued that the Pension Fund was bound by

the Illinois Administrative Code, and thus Pension Fund review of any pension award must be

initiated within 35 days after the award was finalized. Therefore, defendants argued that the

Pension Fund did not have jurisdiction to modify Ray’s pension benefits because more than two

years had passed since the award was finalized. In addition, the defendants argued that the court

must dismiss Ray’s complaint because he did not include the Pension Fund as a defendant and

the Pension Fund was a necessary party. Finally, the defendants claimed that the causal

connection between any negligence committed and Ray’s alleged damages was broken by the

Pension Fund’s unlawful intervening act of recalculating Ray’s pension benefits.

¶7     The trial court denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss on April 21, 2017. In May 2017,

the defendants asked the trial court to certify two questions of law pursuant to Rule 308. The

defendants also asked the trial court to stay the underlying litigation. The trial court granted the

motions on June 21, 2017, and certified two questions for appeal to this court.

¶8     Defendants timely filed their application for leave to appeal in this court. We granted

defendants’ application on September 12, 2017.




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¶9                                      II. ANALYSIS

¶ 10    Illinois Supreme Court Rule 308 provides a means for parties to appeal a nonfinal order if

the order “involves a question of law as to which there is substantial ground for difference of

opinion and *** an immediate appeal from the order may materially advance the ultimate

termination of the litigation.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 308(a) (eff. Jan. 1, 2016). Here, the trial court certified

the following two legal questions:

                “Where a Police Pension Fund and Board make[s] a final determination in

        awarding a retiree a benefit, can the Police Pension Fund and Board reduce the benefit

        awarded to the retiree based upon a mistake as to the applicable salary two years after the

        pension was awarded?

                Where a Police Pension Fund and Board unlawfully reduce[s] a pension award

        two years after the final determination of the award, can a negligence action be

        maintained against an accountant that advised the retiree prior to his retirement as to the

        amount of his retirement pension that was consistent with the final determination of the

        Pension Fund and Board?”

¶ 11    Our review of this issue is de novo for two reasons. First, the underlying motion denied

by the trial court was based upon sections 2-615 and 2-619 of the Code of Civil Procedure, both

of which mandate de novo review. Secondly, the questions certified present legal issues that are

reviewed de novo.

¶ 12    In ruling upon a motion to dismiss filed pursuant to section 2-615 or 2-619 of the Code of

Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-615, 2-619 (West 2014)), the court must accept all well-pleaded

facts in the complaint as true and draw reasonable inferences from those facts that are favorable

to the plaintiff. Bryson v. News America Publications, Inc., 174 Ill. 2d 77, 86, 672 N.E.2d 1207,


                                                    4

1213 (1996). When a defendant files a motion to dismiss pursuant to section 2-619, the

defendant is admitting the legal sufficiency of the complaint but is asserting an affirmative

matter that may defeat the claim. Hubble v. Bi-State Development Agency of the Illinois-Missouri

Metropolitan District, 238 Ill. 2d 262, 267, 938 N.E.2d 483, 488 (2010) (finding that filing a

claim after the applicable statute of limitations expired is an example of affirmative matter that

can defeat a plaintiff’s claim); Glasgow v. Associated Banc-Corp, 2012 IL App (2d) 111303,

¶ 11, 980 N.E.2d 785 (review of denial of a section 2-619 motion to dismiss is de novo).

¶ 13      Questions certified pursuant to Rule 308 are reviewed on a de novo basis. Townsend v.

Sears, Roebuck & Co., 227 Ill. 2d 147, 153, 879 N.E.2d 893, 897 (2007); Spears v. Association

of Illinois Electric Cooperatives, 2013 IL App (4th) 120289, ¶ 15, 986 N.E.2d 216.

¶ 14      The certified questions must be limited to legal issues and should not seek application of

the answered legal question to the facts of the case. Rozsavolgyi v. City of Aurora, 2017 IL

121048, ¶ 21, 102 N.E.3d 162 (citing De Bouse v. Bayer AG, 235 Ill. 2d 544, 557, 922 N.E.2d

309, 317 (2009)). The appellate court would be making an improper advisory opinion if it

applied the answered legal question to the facts of the case. Id. In addition, a party may not ask

the reviewing court to resolve disputed factual questions in the context of answering a certified

legal question. Dowd & Dowd, Ltd. v. Gleason, 181 Ill. 2d 460, 469, 693 N.E.2d 358, 363-64

(1998).

¶ 15      Here, we are asked to determine a legal question that involves the following undisputed

facts: (1) Ray was employed by the Anna Police Department, and for the last 9 months of his

employment, he served as the interim police chief, (2) Ray retired on March 1, 2014, (3) Ray

was awarded a pension benefit based upon a final decision of the Pension Fund, (4) Ray’s

pension benefit was based upon the higher rate of pay associated with the interim police chief


                                                  5

position, (5) the Pension Fund’s benefit determination was incorrect because the higher rate of

pay would only impact the pension benefit if the employee held the position for 12 months

preceding retirement, (6) neither Ray nor the Pension Fund sought judicial review of the final

decision in the 35 days after the final pension decision, and (7) on April 20, 2016, the Pension

Fund notified Ray that upon discovery of the incorrect pension benefit, it was reducing his

benefit effective immediately. Although these specific facts are added to the analysis of the

certified legal question, we are not resolving any “factual predicates.” Id.

¶ 16           A. Legality of Reduction of Pension Benefits Two Years After Award

¶ 17   The first certified question requires a review of the Illinois Pension Code (40 ILCS 5/1­

101 et seq. (West 2014)) and its application of Administrative Review Law (735 ILCS 5/3-101 to

3-113 (West 2014)) to outline the process and limitations in modification and review of Pension

Fund determinations.

¶ 18   An administrative agency does not have general or common law powers and “is limited

to those powers granted to it by the legislature in its enabling statute.” Julie Q. v. Department of

Children & Family Services, 2013 IL 113783, ¶ 24, 995 N.E.2d 977. The agency’s ability to

modify or alter its decisions is limited by its statutory authority. Weingart v. Department of

Labor, 122 Ill. 2d 1, 15, 521 N.E.2d 913, 919 (1988). If the agency takes action that exceeds the

agency’s jurisdiction, the decision is void. Julie Q., 2013 IL 113783, ¶ 24.

¶ 19   Judicial courts may review final administrative decisions of the Pension Fund pursuant to

the provisions within the Administrative Review Law. 40 ILCS 5/3-148 (West 2014). An

administrative decision is defined as “any decision, order or determination of any administrative

agency rendered in a particular case, which affects the legal rights, duties or privileges of parties

and which terminates the proceedings before the administrative agency.” 735 ILCS 5/3-101


                                                  6

(West 2014). More specifically, section 5-228 of the Pension Code provides that “provisions of

the Administrative Review Law *** shall apply to and govern all proceedings for the judicial

review of final administrative decisions of the retirement board.” 40 ILCS 5/5-228 (West 2014).

Generally, review of a final administrative decision must be commenced within 35 days from the

date that the decision to be reviewed “was served upon the party affected by the decision.” 735

ILCS 5/3-103 (West 2014). If the agency fails to comply with the 35-day time limitation (id.),

the agency has no jurisdiction to modify its final decision. Kosakowski v. Board of Trustees of

the City of Calumet City Police Pension Fund, 389 Ill. App. 3d 381, 383-84, 906 N.E.2d 689,

692 (2009).

¶ 20   Although the Pension Fund is not a party to the underlying case, we are asked to

determine if the Fund was allowed to correct its error in setting the amount of Ray’s pension

long after the passage of the 35-day statutory review period. The court’s order, denying

defendants’ motion to dismiss, contained no analysis or reason for the denial. Because the

defendants’ motion to dismiss raised this jurisdictional issue, and the court certified that legal

question for appellate review, we assume the court concluded that the Pension Fund was not

subject to the 35-day rule. Here, all parties assert that the Pension Fund was subject to the 35-day

rule and thus did not have jurisdiction to correct its calculation error.

¶ 21   Initially, we must determine if Ray’s pension benefit award was a “final” decision by the

Pension Fund. Only valid final decisions can be subject to administrative review. See 735 ILCS

5/3-103 (West 2014); Baldermann v. Board of Trustees of the Police Pension Fund, 2015 IL App

(1st) 140482, ¶ 33, 27 N.E.3d 170. If the Pension Fund’s decision was not final, then the 35-day

review period does not apply. See Baldermann, 2015 IL App (1st) 140482, ¶ 33.




                                                   7

¶ 22   As stated earlier in this opinion, an administrative decision is defined as “any decision,

order or determination of any administrative agency rendered in a particular case, which affects

the legal rights, duties or privileges of parties and which terminates the proceedings before the

administrative agency.” 735 ILCS 5/3-101 (West 2014). An agency’s decision is final and

binding if the agency took definitive action on the pending matter and the applicant was

informed of the action taken. Sola v. Roselle Police Pension Board, 342 Ill. App. 3d 227, 232,

794 N.E.2d 1055, 1058 (2003) (citing Key Outdoor, Inc. v. Department of Transportation, 322

Ill. App. 3d 316, 324, 750 N.E.2d 709, 716 (2001)).

¶ 23   To finalize a pension benefit award, the Pension Fund must take certain actions. One of

the Pension Fund’s powers and duties is to annually submit “a list of persons entitled to

payments from the fund, stating the amount of payments, and their purpose, as ordered by the

board.” 40 ILCS 5/3-134 (West 2014). The list of persons must be signed by the secretary and

president of the board and must be attested to under oath. Id. “A resolution or order for the

payment of money shall not be valid unless approved by a majority of the board members, and

signed by the president and secretary of the board.” Id. Additionally, the board must comply with

section 1 of the Open Meetings Act (5 ILCS 120/1 (West 2014)), which requires the Pension

Fund to openly deliberate and take official actions. This means that a pension fund cannot “take

final action by merely circulating some document for signature and not voting on it publicly.”

Howe v. Retirement Board of the Firemen’s Annuity & Benefit Fund, 2013 IL App (1st) 122446,

¶ 26, 996 N.E.2d 664.

¶ 24   Here, information about the finality of Ray’s pension award in the record on appeal is

limited to the allegations he made in his complaint. Ray alleges that sometime between June

2013 and March 1, 2014, Hickam, acting as both Ray’s personal accountant as well as the


                                               8

Pension Fund’s accountant, advised Ray that he should receive a benefit based upon the most

recent and highest rate of pay (interim police chief) and that this rate would be effective on

March 1, 2014. Ray also alleges that he retired on March 1, 2014, and that shortly after that date,

he began receiving his pension benefits. Ray did not include a copy of the Pension Fund’s final

decision or any other documentation with his complaint that could provide the specific date or

language of the Pension Fund’s final decision.

¶ 25   Although we do not have the Pension Fund’s specific order, we deduce that the award

was final because Ray received his benefits and because the award was included in an Illinois

Department of Insurance audit. That audit is what triggered the Pension Fund’s April 20, 2016,

notification to Ray that the Pension Fund would reduce his pension benefit by $4000 per year,

effective immediately. We conclude that Ray’s pension award terminated proceedings before the

Pension Fund and therefore constituted a final decision. Rutka v. Board of Trustees of the Cicero

Police Pension Board, 405 Ill. App. 3d 563, 567, 939 N.E.2d 600, 604 (2010); Kosakowski, 389

Ill. App. 3d at 384.

¶ 26   Next we must determine if the Pension Fund’s calculation error constitutes a “mistake” or

an “error” as defined in section 3-144.2(a) of the Pension Code.

¶ 27   All parties in this case contend that the current amended version of section 3-144.2(a) of

the Pension Code applies in this case. The amended section provides that if the Pension Fund

makes a mistake in setting a benefit at an incorrect amount, the Fund must correct the mistake

“as soon as may be practicable after the mistake is discovered.” 40 ILCS 5/3-144.2(a) (West

2014). The term “mistake” is defined to include “a clerical or administrative error executed by

the Fund or participant as it relates to a benefit.” Id. However, the term “mistake” is limited and

excludes


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       “any benefit as it relates to the reasonable calculation of the benefit or aspects of the

       benefit based on salary, service credit, calculation or determination of a disability, date of

       retirement, or other factors significant to the calculation of the benefit that were

       reasonably understood or agreed to by the Fund at the time of retirement.” Id.


¶ 28   Originally, section 3-144.2 simply stated: “The amount of any overpayment, due to fraud,

misrepresentation or error, of any pension or benefit granted under this Article may be deducted

from future payments to the recipient of such pension or benefit.” 40 ILCS 5/3-144.2 (West

2012). The term “error” was not defined.

¶ 29   Here, the “mistake” or “error” occurred sometime around March 1, 2014, when the

original statute was in effect, while the discovery of the mistake occurred sometime around April

20, 2016, when the amended statute was in effect. Although the parties are asking us to apply the

amended statute to our analysis of the certified question, we do not believe that the choice

between the original and amended versions of the statute is that simple. Is the triggering event

the commission of the mistake or the discovery of the mistake? If both events took place before

the amendment, then it would seem that the original version would apply. Conversely, if both

events occurred after the date of the amendment, then the amended version would apply. We

conclude that the date the benefits mistake was finalized by the Pension Fund is the logical

choice as the triggering event. Simply stated, if there had been no mistake or error, there would

be nothing to be discovered.

¶ 30   Determining that the date of the mistake was the triggering event does not automatically

decide whether the original or the amended version of the statute applies. If the amendment is

retroactive, the amended version of section 3-144.2 could apply to the facts of this case.



                                                10 

¶ 31   Traditionally, an amendment to a statute is not applied retroactively unless the legislature

expressly states that intention. Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Will County Collector, 196 Ill. 2d

27, 37-38, 749 N.E.2d 964, 970-71 (2001) (citing Landgraf v. USI Film Products, 511 U.S. 244,

264 (1994), and Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc., 514 U.S. 211, 237 (1995)). The Supreme Court

explained that prospective application is the default rule and that “[r]equiring clear intent assures

that Congress itself has affirmatively considered the potential unfairness of retroactive

application and determined that it is an acceptable price to pay for the countervailing benefits.”

Landgraf, 511 U.S. at 272-73.

¶ 32   In this case, section 3-144.2 of the Pension Code contains no language indicating the

legislature’s intent that the amendment has retroactive application. Although section 3-144.2 of

the Pension Code provides no express guidance on the issue of retroactivity, reviewing Public

Act 98-1117 in its entirety sheds some light on the overall legislative intent. Public Act 98-1117

amended section 3-144.2 as well as other sections of the Pension Code and also added new

sections. Pub. Act 98-1117, § 5 (eff. Aug. 26, 2014) (amending 40 ILCS 5/3-144.2). After Public

Act 98-1117 took effect, four new “Mistake in Benefit” sections were added, and one “Mistake

in Benefit” section (section 3-144.2) was amended. All five sections contain virtually identical

language that requires a mistake in a pension benefit amount to be recalculated as soon as the

mistake is discovered. See 40 ILCS 5/2-155.1 (West 2014) (General Assembly Retirement

System); id. § 3-144.2(a) (Police Pension Fund—Municipalities 500,000 and Under); id. § 4­

138.10(a) (Firefighters’ Pension Fund—Municipalities 500,000 and Under); id. § 14-148.1 (State

Employees’ Retirement System of Illinois); id. § 18-162.1 (Judges Retirement System of

Illinois). Three of the five sections (General Assembly Retirement System, State Employees’

Retirement System, and Judges Retirement System of Illinois) contain an express retroactivity


                                                 11 

clause: “This Section applies to all mistakes in benefit calculations that occur before, on, or after

the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 98th General Assembly.” See id. §§ 2-155.1, 14­

148.1, 18-162.1. The Police Pension Fund section and the Firefighters’ Pension Fund section do

not contain a reference to retroactive application of the amendment. As the legislature explicitly

included retroactive language in three of the impacted pension plans, we presume that the

omission from the other two pension plans was intentional. We conclude that the legislature

purposefully intended the amended version of section 3-144.2 to be applied prospectively.

¶ 33      Having determined that the legislature did not intend for retroactive application of the

amendment to section 3-144.2, we must next determine if the Pension Fund’s miscalculation of

Ray’s pension benefits constituted an “error” as included in the earlier version of section 3-144.2

of the Pension Code. As stated earlier in this opinion, the original section 3-144.2 does not

contain a definition of the term. When a statutory term is not defined, courts must give the term

“its ordinarily and popularly understood meaning in light of the statute’s purpose.” Kosakowski,

389 Ill. App. 3d at 385 (citing Niven v. Siqueira, 109 Ill. 2d 357, 366, 487 N.E.2d 937, 942

(1985)). In Kosakowski, the court looked to two common dictionaries for guidance. See id.

Webster’s Dictionary defined the term as “ ‘an act involving an unintentional deviation from

truth or accuracy: a mistake in perception, reasoning, recollection, or expression ***: an act that

through ignorance, deficiency, or accident departs from or fails to achieve what should be

done.’ ” Id. (quoting Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 772 (1981)). Black’s Law

Dictionary defined error simply as a “mistake.” Id. (citing Black’s Law Dictionary 582 (8th ed.

2004)).

¶ 34      The determination of whether the Pension Fund committed an error, as contemplated by

section 3-144.2 of the Pension Code, is extremely important. If the miscalculation constitutes an


                                                 12 

error, then the Pension Fund may be allowed to modify a pension even after the passage of 35

days. See Rossler v. Morton Grove Police Pension Board, 178 Ill. App. 3d 769, 773-74, 533

N.E.2d 927, 930, 931 (1989) (defining the term “error” as an “inadvertent arithmetical error in

calculating pension benefits” but concluding that section 3-144.2 did not provide the pension

board with the authority to modify a pension after the statutory 35-day period expired); cf.

Kosakowski, 389 Ill. App. 3d at 385, 387 (stating that the Rossler court may have created a

limitation on the term “error” that was unintended by the legislature but confirming that

“[a]bsent an error within the meaning of section 3-144.2, the Board was without jurisdiction ***

to modify the *** pension which it awarded [more than three years earlier]”); Sharp v. Board of

Trustees of the State Employees’ Retirement System, 2014 IL App (4th) 130125, ¶¶ 24-25, 5

N.E.3d 188 (stating that with section 3-144.2 of the Pension Code, the legislature expressly

granted municipal police pension boards the power to correct a mistake in benefits at any time).

¶ 35   What constitutes an “error” in overpayment of a pension benefit has been determined in

several Illinois cases. In Rossler, the pension board made an error that was discovered 18 months

after its final decision. Rossler, 178 Ill. App. 3d at 772. The court concluded that section 3-144.2

does not extend the 35-day rule for modifications—that the board can correct miscalculations so

long as it does so within 35 days of that initial decision. Id. at 773. Despite this statutory

interpretation, the court concluded that the facts of the case did not fit into any of the three

categories listed in section 3-144.2—fraud, misrepresentation, or error. Id. at 773-74. The court

noted that there was no allegation of fraud or misrepresentation and stated that there was no

“inadvertent arithmetical error in calculating pension benefits.” Id. at 774. In finding that the

board could not modify plaintiff’s pension benefit, the court stated:




                                                13 

       “To conclude that section 3-144.2 can be used by the Board to reopen final decisions

       simply because it failed to verify the accuracy of the information on which it based its

       decision would not only circumvent the appeal period of the Administrative Review Law

       but would leave pension recipients uncertain as to their entitlement to benefits despite the

       fact that they relied on the judgment of the Pension Board.” Id. at 774-75.

In Kosakowski, the appellate court affirmed the circuit court’s judgment reversing a reduction in

plaintiff’s pension benefits. Kosakowski, 389 Ill. App. 3d at 381. The pension board made an

error in the initial benefits calculation by using the wrong date and the plaintiff’s salary on that

date. Id. at 384. The court declined to adopt the Rossler definition of “error” as only being an

arithmetical error, stating that if the legislature had intended only arithmetical errors, the statute

would have been written that way. Id. at 385 (citing Kraft, Inc. v. Edgar, 138 Ill. 2d 178, 189-90,

561 N.E.2d 656, 662 (1990) (stating that courts should not read a limitation into a statute that the

legislature did not include)). The court concluded that the pension board’s miscalculation did not

constitute an “error,” stating that there was no arithmetical error, no evidence that the board erred

in determining the plaintiff’s final salary, and no evidence that he was paid more than the amount

listed in the final decision. Id. at 386-87. Furthermore, the court held that the board’s claimed

error, which was based on a reinterpretation of a Pension Code section at the recommendation of

the Insurance Division of the Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation, did

not constitute an error within the meaning of section 3-144.2. Id. at 387; see also Sola, 342 Ill.

App. 3d at 231 (change in board’s interpretation of the Pension Code on the advice of the

Department of Insurance that the Pension Code does not allow cost-of-living increases to

surviving spouses’ pensions does not qualify as an error).




                                                 14 

¶ 36   In this case, the Pension Fund was notified by the Department of Insurance that the board

used an incorrect final rate of pay in setting Ray’s pension benefits. Ray was employed as the

interim police chief for nine months, and the Pension Fund calculated his pension benefits based

upon the higher salary he received with that position. The regulation governing the Fund

provides that in calculating pension benefits, “[c]ompensation received for temporarily

performing the duties of a higher rank or specialty rank position shall not be considered salary

unless and until this compensation has been received continually for one full year.” 50 Ill. Adm.

Code 4402.40(i) (1996). As in Kosakowski, the Pension Fund made its final salary decision

based upon an incorrect interpretation of a Pension Code section. Kosakowski, 389 Ill. App. 3d at

384. Consequently, we do not find the miscalculation to be an arithmetical error. Nor is this error

a mistake in what Ray’s final salary was. The board based its pension benefits decision upon the

final salary Ray was receiving while employed. Although use of the temporary higher income in

this case was the result of the Pension Fund’s misinterpretation of the applicable Pension Code

section, incorrectly setting the final salary was not a scrivener’s error. We conclude that, based

upon the record in this case, the Pension Fund’s miscalculation of Ray’s benefits did not

constitute an error within the meaning of section 3-144.2.

¶ 37   Although we have concluded that the amendments to section 3-144.2 are not to be

retroactively applied, we do find support in the amended language that this miscalculation is not

the type of “error” allowing suspension of the 35-day jurisdictional time limit. The legislature

substituted the term “mistake” for “error” and defined the term as a clerical or administrative

error. 40 ILCS 5/3-144.2(a) (West 2014); see also 40 ILCS 5/3-144.2 (West 2012). Furthermore,

the legislature made clear that a “mistake” can never include calculation of the benefit based on

salary, service credit, date of retirement, or other significant facts. 40 ILCS 5/3-144.2(a) (West


                                                15 

2014). To the extent that there was any doubt in the interpretation of what constituted an “error,”

the legislature’s amendment to the police Pension Code appears to be a clarification on the true

meaning of “error.” We believe that Illinois courts’ interpretation of the meaning of the original

term “error” is in conformity with the newer definition of the term “mistake.”

¶ 38   We briefly review section 3-103 of the Administrative Review Law as it contains the 35­

day jurisdictional mandate for judicial review of a final administrative decision. In Fredman

Brothers Furniture Co., 109 Ill. 2d at 210, the supreme court reminded us that circuit courts have

original jurisdiction of all justiciable matters except if the supreme court has original and

exclusive jurisdiction. See also Ill. Const. 1970, art. VI, § 9. “Circuit Courts shall have such

power to review administrative action as provided by law.” Id. The court also noted that the

Administrative Review Law is a departure from the common law and therefore, the procedures

established within the statute must be followed. Fredman Brothers Furniture Co., 109 Ill. 2d at

210. Jurisdiction is limited to the language of the Administrative Review Law, “and the court has

no powers from any other source.” Id. If the statute contains procedures relevant to jurisdiction

and those procedures are not strictly pursued, the circuit court has no jurisdiction. Id. Section 3­

103 provides that “[e]very action to review a final administrative decision shall be commenced

by the filing of a complaint and the issuance of summons within 35 days from the date that a

copy of the decision sought to be reviewed was served upon the party affected by the decision.”

735 ILCS 5/3-103 (West 2014). In Fredman Brothers Furniture Co., because the taxpayer did

not challenge the final assessment under the Retailers’ Occupation Tax Act within the 35-day

period prescribed by section 3-103 of the Act, the action was untimely and dismissed. Fredman

Brothers Furniture Co., 109 Ill. 2d at 212-13, 215.




                                                16 

¶ 39   We find that the Pension Fund lacked jurisdiction to make the change to Ray’s pension

benefit. The Pension Fund made its final benefits decision sometime prior to March 1, 2014. As

the board’s miscalculation did not constitute an “error” as intended by section 3-144.2 of the

Pension Code and as the board did not file a complaint within 35 days of its final decision, the

board did not have jurisdiction to recalculate Ray’s benefits. See Rutka, 405 Ill. App. 3d at 567;

Sola, 342 Ill. App. 3d at 232; Baldermann, 2015 IL App (1st) 140482, ¶¶ 24-25.

¶ 40   We answer the certified question in the negative. In doing so, we note that the order

certifying this question was procedurally early in this case. The standard used by a trial court in

ruling on a motion to dismiss requires the court to accept that all well-pleaded facts in the

complaint are true. Edelman, Combs & Latturner v. Hinshaw & Culbertson, 338 Ill. App. 3d

156, 164, 788 N.E.2d 740, 747 (2003). Similarly, in answering the certified question, we assume

that the undisputed factual statements and allegations of both parties are true and accurate.

¶ 41   B. Legitimacy of Accounting Malpractice Claim if Pension Reduction Was Unlawful

¶ 42   The second certified question asks this court to determine whether Ray can maintain his

accounting malpractice case if the Pension Fund’s reduction of Ray’s benefits was unlawful. We

decline to answer this certified question. The question attempts to frame the alleged accounting

malpractice as only being the “erroneous” advice that the accountant provided Ray before he

retired. Ray’s complaint goes into a bit broader detail, alleging that the accountant failed to

determine the accuracy of the advice given and negligently miscalculated the amount. While this

certified question may have aspects of a legal question, the actual malpractice question will

require consideration of very specific factual issues—factual issues that will likely be determined

in discovery. If the ultimate disposition of a certified question is not strictly legal and includes




                                                17 

factual issues relevant to the legal question, the court should refrain from answering the certified

question. Spears, 2013 IL App (4th) 120289, ¶ 15.

¶ 43                                  III. CONCLUSION

¶ 44   In answering the first certified question, we conclude that in construing the undisputed

allegations of Ray’s complaint as true and accurate, the Pension Fund’s decision was final in

early 2014, and the Fund lost jurisdiction to correct the erroneous pension benefit after 35 days

from the date of the final decision. Furthermore, the error in this case was not a simple

arithmetical calculation error that is allowable outside of the 35 days jurisdictional requirement

of section 3-144.2 of the Pension Code. We decline to answer the second certified question due

to the necessity of reviewing the factual actions and inactions of the accountant and his firm to

determine if accounting malpractice exists outside of the narrowly framed certified question. We

remand the cause to the trial court for further proceedings.

¶ 45   Certified question answered; certified question not answered; cause remanded.




                                                18 

                                2018 IL App (5th) 170274 


                                     NO. 5-17-0274


                                        IN THE


                           APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS


                                   FIFTH DISTRICT



KERRY RAY,                                      )     Appeal from the
                                                )     Circuit Court of
      Plaintiff-Appellee,                       )     Union County.
                                                )
v.                                              )     No. 17-L-1
                                                )
BEUSSINK & HICKAM, P.C., and                    )
SCOTT HICKAM,                                   )     Honorable
                                                )     Mark M. Boie,
      Defendants-Appellants.                    )     Judge, presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________

Opinion Filed:          October 25, 2018
______________________________________________________________________________

Justices:           Honorable Melissa A. Chapman, J.

                  Honorable Thomas M. Welch, J., and
                  Honorable Judy L. Cates, J.,
                  Concur
______________________________________________________________________________

Attorneys         John S. Rendleman, Bentley J. Bender, Feirich/Mager/Green/Ryan,
for               2001 W. Main Street, P.O. Box 1570, Carbondale, IL 62903
Appellants
______________________________________________________________________________

Attorney          Jonathan R. Cantrell, Hart Cantrell LLC, 602 W. Public Square, P.O. Box
for               937, Benton, IL 62812
Appellee
______________________________________________________________________________
