                                                                              F I L E D
                                                                       United States Court of Appeals
                                                                               Tenth Circuit
                        UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                               JUN 2 1998
                                    TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                          PATRICK FISHER
                                                                                   Clerk

 BERTHA BUTLER,

          Plaintiff-Appellant,
 v.                                                         No. 97-5081
                                                      (D.C. No. 96-CV-117-C)
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                         (Northern District of Oklahoma)

          Defendant-Appellee.




                                 ORDER AND JUDGMENT*


Before BALDOCK, Circuit Judge, EBEL, Circuit Judge, and McWILLIAMS, Senior
Circuit Judge.




      Pursuant to the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. § 2671, et seq., Bertha Butler on

February 16, 1996, filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern

District of Oklahoma, naming as the defendant the United States. In that complaint Butler

alleged that on March 9, 1993, she was a patient at the Claremore Indian Hospital in

Claremore, Oklahoma, where an employee of the United States negligently performed a right



      *
         This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of
law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the
citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under
the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3
thyroid lobectomy on her which resulted in vocal cord paralysis and serious injury. Butler

further alleged that on February 23, 1995, she served notice on the United States government

of her intent to file a claim under the Federal Tort Claims Act, that the relevant federal

agency failed to make a final disposition of her claim within six months after it was filed and

therefore, under applicable statutes and regulations, her claim was deemed denied. As a

result of the negligence of the employee of the United States, Butler alleged that she had to

undergo additional medical treatment and surgery, incurred additional medical expenses,

sustained lost wages and impairment to her earning capacity, and experienced mental and

physical pain and suffering for which she sought damages in the sum of $2,000,000.00.

       By answer the United States denied that its employee, Dr. Virginia Kopelman who

performed the surgery on Butler, was negligent and further alleged that no act of Dr.

Kopelman caused the paralysis of Butler’s vocal cord. The parties filed an agreed pre-trial

order on December 6, 1996. The case was tried to the district court in a two-day trial

commencing on January 21, 1997. At the conclusion thereof the district court took the case

under advisement and allowed counsel to submit proposed findings of fact and conclusions

of law. On March 24, 1997, the district court filed its findings of fact and conclusions of law

in a 21-page order. After detailing the evidentiary matter adduced by the parties in

considerable detail, the district court found, in short, that Butler had failed to establish that

Dr. Kopelman was negligent or that the lobectomy she performed caused the paralysis of

Butler’s vocal cord. Butler appeals. We affirm.


                                              -2-
       On appeal, counsel’s position is that the district court’s findings and conclusions are

not supported by the record and are therefore clearly erroneous. However, our reading of the

record leads us to conclude that the evidence is not as “one-sided” as counsel suggests. The

evidence was in many particulars conflicting in nature, as were the inferences therefrom. No

good purpose would be served in summarizing here the considerable medical testimony

adduced by the parties at trial. It is sufficient to say that the evidence regarding negligence

and causation was conflicting, and that the district court’s resolution of those matters is

supported by the record. In other words, we do not have a firm conviction that the district

court made a mistake. See Gutierrez v. Denver Post, Inc., 691 F.2d 945, 946 (10th Cir.

1982). For us to reverse the district court would mean that we are finding the facts anew.

It was the district court that heard the various witnesses and assessed their credibility. As

stated, from its 21-page memorandum order it would appear that the district court gave this

case careful consideration. We decline counsel’s suggestion that the district court’s findings

and conclusions constitute “clear error.”

       One other matter deserves brief comment. At the pre-trial conference, Butler’s

counsel indicated, for the first time, that one aspect of Butler’s claim of negligent surgery

was lack of “informed consent” to the operation, although she had signed a consent form

prior to her surgery. The district court refused to allow Butler to pursue this particular matter

at trial, since it had not been mentioned in either the administrative claim filed by Butler or

in her complaint in the district court. Under those circumstances, we find no error. As far


                                              -3-
as we can tell, no language in Butler’s administrative claim would alert the reader thereof

that one aspect of Butler’s claim of negligence was lack of informed consent to the operation.

See Murrey v. United States, 73 F.3d 1448, 1453 (7th Cir. 1996); Bush v. United States, 703

F.2d 491, 495 (11th Cir. 1983). Butler’s administrative claim, incidentally, is not set forth

in its entirety in the record before us. However, it would appear that the only complaint to

the administrative agency was that the doctor was negligent in performing the surgery on her.

At least that was the gist of the affidavit of Dr. Samuel H. Esterkyn which was attached to

the administrative claim and is a part of the record on appeal. And certainly nothing in

Butler’s complaint filed in the district court suggested that she was asserting a claim based

on lack of informed consent.

       In this general connection, we note that the Federal Tort Claims Act is a partial waiver

of the government’s sovereign immunity, and that the notice requirements of the Act are to

be strictly construed. In Bradley v. United States, 951 F.2d 268, 270 (10th Cir. 1991) we

spoke as follows:

                     The federal court derives its jurisdiction to entertain
              claims for damages against the United States from 28 U.S.C. §
              2675(a). Section 2675(a) requires that claims for damages
              against the government be presented to the appropriate federal
              agency by filing “(1) a written statement sufficiently describing
              the injury to enable the agency to begin its own investigation,
              and (2) a sum certain damages claim.” Warren v. United States
              Dep’t Of Interior Bureau of Land Management, 724 F.2d 776,
              780 (9th Cir. 1984). Because the FTCA constitutes a waiver of
              the government’s sovereign immunity, the notice requirements
              established by the FTCA must be strictly construed. Three-M
              Enter., Inc. v. United States, 548 F.2d 293, 295 (10th Cir. 1977).

                                             -4-
      The requirements are jurisdictional and cannot be waived. Id.
      At 294.

Judgment affirmed.


                                 ENTERED FOR THE COURT
                                 PER CURIAM




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