                                                                     FOURTH DIVISION
                                                                     March 10, 2016

2016 IL App (1st) 152608

No. 1-15-2608

In re D.M. and S.M., Minors                             )            Appeal from the
                                                        )            Circuit Court of
                                                        )            Cook County.
(The People of the State of Illinois,                   )
                                                        )
        Petitioner-Appellee,                            )
                                                        )            Nos. 14 JA 1487
v.                                                      )                 14 JA 1488
                                                        )
Timothy M.,                                             )            Honorable
                                                        )            Bernard J. Sarley,
        Respondent-Appellant).                          )            Judge Presiding.

        JUSTICE HOWSE delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
        Presiding Justice McBride and Justice Cobbs concurred in the judgment and opinion.

                                              OPINION

¶1      This is an appeal from an order of the circuit court of Cook County adjudicating minors

D.M. and S.M. wards of the State. A petition for adjudication of wardship was filed after the

siblings' half sister, K.S., reported that their father, Timothy M., had sexually abused her multiple

times over the span of several years. Timothy confessed to sexually molesting and abusing K.S.

in a video recorded statement to the police, and he has since been arrested and charged with

predatory criminal sexual assault and is awaiting trial. Timothy appeals the trial court's ruling

adjudicating D.M. and S.M. wards of the State arguing that the video recorded statement of K.S.

was inadmissible hearsay and there was no proper foundation to admit his own video recorded

statement and the video recorded statement of K.S. For the reasons that follow, we affirm the

trial court's ruling at the adjudication hearing.

¶2                                      I. Background
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¶3     Minors D.M., S.M. and their older 15-year-old sibling, K.S., all have the same mother,

who is deceased. D.M. and S.M. resided with respondent, Timothy, who is the biological father

of D.M. and S.M. and the stepfather of K.S. K.S. is not a party to this case nor is there any

evidence that a petition was filed to adjudicate K.S. a ward of the State. On December 19, 2014,

the State filed petitions for adjudication of wardship alleging that eight-year-old D.M. and seven-

year-old S.M. were abused and neglected. The petitions alleged that their father, Timothy, was

incarcerated after he confessed to sexually abusing his 14-year-old stepdaughter, K.S. Timothy's

confession came after K.S. made an outcry and described several instances of sexual abuse

during a victim sensitive interview.

¶4     In the petitions, the State alleged that: (1) D.M. and S.M. were abused pursuant to section

2-3(2)(ii) of the Juvenile Court Act of 1987 (Act) (705 ILCS 405/2-3(2)(ii) (West 2012)), in that

they faced a substantial risk of injury; (2) they were neglected pursuant to section 2-4(1)(b) of

the Act (705 ILCS 405/2-4(1)(b) (West 2012)), in that they lacked necessary care; and (3) they

were neglected pursuant to section 2-3(1)(b) of the Act (705 ILCS 405/2-3(1)(b) (West 2012)),

in that their environment was injurious to their welfare. The State also alleged that there was an

immediate and urgent need to remove D.M. and S.M. from their father, and it further requested

an order appointing the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) as D.M.

and S.M.'s temporary custodian. Attached to the petitions was an affidavit verifying that

Timothy had been incarcerated as a result of his confession that he sexually molested K.S., and

further stating that the mother of D.M. and S.M. was deceased.

¶5     Following a December 19, 2014 temporary custody hearing, in which the trial court

found there was probable cause that D.M. and S.M. were abused and neglected, the public

guardian filed a motion to admit the recorded testimony of K.S. during her victim sensitive



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interview. The trial court initially denied that motion on May 8, 2015. The State then filed

additional pleadings in support of the admission of K.S.'s testimony. On July 9, 2015, the court

reconsidered the motion to admit K.S.'s statements and found that the statements were

admissible. In doing so, the court noted that it was required to liberally construe and apply the

Act, and the abuse of K.S. was relevant to D.M. and S.M. because the abuse occurred while

D.M. and S.M. were under the care of and residing with Timothy. The court also stated that as

long as K.S.'s statements were corroborated, they would be admitted.

¶6      At the adjudicatory hearing, the State called Detective Dan Matuszak. Detective

Matuszak testified that he was assigned to investigate a case involving K.S. in December 2014.

Detective Matuszak attended K.S.'s victim sensitive interview at the Children's Advocacy Center

in Justice, Illinois. The following testimony was adduced concerning the foundation for

admission of a video recording of the interview. Detective Matuszak observed the interview and

testified that the:

                "forensic interview takes place with myself and a detective another

                detective [sic] in the Bridgewater Police Department along with an

                investigator from the DCFS. We're seated in one room and we're

                able to monitor the interview with [K.S.] and the interviewer who

                was Danielle Butts via a camera system."

Detective Matuszak further testified that the room where the interview took place "has cameras

and microphones to record the interview" and that a copy of the interview "was transferred onto

a compact disc." Detective Matuszak then identified State's Exhibit No. 1 as a copy of K.S.'s

victim sensitive interview. He knew it was K.S.'s interview because he has previously reviewed

the contents of the disc and signed it in red ink. Detective Matuszak testified that the disc



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recording was a true and accurate copy of the recording he watched, and that he did not observe

any problems with either the audio or video recordings. On cross-examination, Detective

Matuszak testified that he does not have anything to do with the maintenance of the recording

equipment at the Children's Advocacy Center.

¶7     With regard to the foundation for the video recording of Timothy's statement, Detective

Matuszak testified he personally interviewed Timothy, who he identified in court. The interview

took place at the Bridgeview police department. Detective Matuszak's interview with Timothy

was recorded via digital recording. Specifically, Detective Matuszak stated: "The cameras and

the microphones are set up to a DVR [digital video recording] type recording system where you

can initiate the recording in another room and then it records everything that was in that

interview." Detective Matuszak then identified State's Exhibits No. 2A and No. 2B as the

recordings of his interview with Timothy. He reviewed the discs and testified that they were true

and accurate copies of his interview with Timothy. He signed each of the discs with his name

and badge number. He testified that there were no problems with the video or audio of the

recordings, and that the recordings were made as the interview happened.

¶8     Timothy objected to the admission of the State's exhibits based on a lack of foundation,

but the trial court judge admitted them finding a proper foundation had been laid. The judge then

continued the matter so that he could review the contents of the exhibits.

¶9     The interview of K.S. (State's Exhibit No. 1) occurred on December 4, 2014 at the

Children's Advocacy Center. In the interview, 14-year-old K.S. stated that Timothy had sexually

molested, abused and penetrated her. The sexual abuse began when she was eight years old.

The most recent abuse had occurred a few weeks before Halloween in 2014.




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¶ 10   The interview of Timothy (State's Exhibit No. 2A and No. 2B) occurred on December 4,

2014 at the Bridgeview police department. Timothy admitted that he had sexually abused and

sexually penetrated K.S. numerous times over a period of years. Timothy stated that he could

not make a 14 year old do something she did not want to do, and K.S. kept coming into his bed.

He admitted that preteen K.S. had touched his penis, that he had pushed his penis against her

butt, and that he thought that was what K.S. wanted so he did not "stop it."

¶ 11   The trial court judge found that the statements of K.S. showed that she had been sexually

abused, and Timothy's statements corroborated K.S.'s statements. Because D.M. and S.M. were

in the care of Timothy when he sexually abused K.S., the court found that D.M. and S.M. were

abused by a preponderance of the evidence. Further, because Timothy was incarcerated and

their mother is deceased, the judge also found D.M. and S.M. to be dependent. The court further

found that Timothy was the perpetrator of the abuse and neglect to his children.

¶ 12   At the dispositional hearing, the trial court judge found Timothy was unfit and unable to

care for his children, and that it was in the best interest of D.M. and S.M. to be placed in the

guardianship of the DCFS.

¶ 13   On September 17, 2015, Timothy filed a notice of appeal only with respect to the trial

court's adjudication findings. For the reasons that follow, we affirm the trial court's judgment

adjudicating the minors wards of the State.

¶ 14                                   II. Analysis

¶ 15   In this appeal, Timothy argues that the trial court erred in admitting certain evidence at

the adjudicatory hearing, namely three exhibits containing recordings of K.S.'s statement and

Timothy's statement. The evidentiary standard of proof in adjudicatory hearings held pursuant to

the Act is that which pertains to civil proceedings, therefore, the State had to prove the



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allegations in the petitions by a preponderance of the evidence. 705 ILCS 405/2-18(1) (West

2012); In re Stephen K., 373 Ill. App. 3d 7, 20 (2007). “Preponderance of the evidence is that

amount of evidence that leads a trier of fact to find that the fact at issue is more probable than

not.” In re K.G., 288 Ill. App. 3d 728, 735 (1997). “The admissibility of evidence rests within

the discretion of the trial court, and its decision will not be disturbed absent an abuse of that

discretion.” People v. Pikes, 2013 IL 115171, ¶ 12. “Under this standard, an abuse occurs when

the trial court's ruling is fanciful, unreasonable or when no reasonable person would adopt the

trial court's view.” People v. Taylor, 2011 IL 110067, ¶ 27; In re L.S., 2014 IL App (4th)

131119, ¶ 44.

¶ 16   Section 2-3(1)(b) of the Act defines a “neglected minor” to include “any minor under 18

years of age whose environment is injurious to his or her welfare.” 705 ILCS 405/2-3(1)(b)

(West 2012). Generally, “neglect” is defined as the failure to exercise the care that

circumstances justly demand. In re Arthur H., 212 Ill. 2d 441, 462-63 (2004). The term

“injurious environment” has been recognized by our courts as an amorphous concept that cannot

be defined with particularity. In re N.B., 191 Ill. 2d 338, 346 (2000). In general, however, the

term “injurious environment” has been interpreted to include “the breach of a parent's duty to

ensure a ‘safe and nurturing shelter’ for his or her children.” Id. (quoting In re M.K., 271 Ill.

App. 3d 820, 826 (1995)).

¶ 17   An "abused minor" includes:

                "any minor under 18 years of age whose parent or immediate

                family member, or any person responsible for the minor's welfare,

                or any person who is in the same family or household as the minor,




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               or any individual residing in the same home as the minor, or a

               paramour of the minor's parent:

                       ***

                       (ii) creates a substantial risk of physical injury to such

               minor by other than accidental means which would be likely to

               cause death, disfigurement, impairment of emotional health, or loss

               or impairment of any bodily function; or

                       (iii) commits or allows to be committed any sex offense

               against such minor, as such sex offenses are defined in the

               Criminal Code of 1961 or the Criminal Code of 2012, or in the

               Wrongs to Children Act, and extending those definitions of sex

               offenses to include minors under 18 years of age[.]" 705 ILCS

               405/2-3(2)(ii)-(iii) (West 2012).

¶ 18   A "dependent minor" is "any minor under 18 years of age: (a) who is without a parent,

guardian or legal custodian; [or] (b) who is without proper care because of the physical or mental

disability of his parent, guardian or custodian." 705 ILCS 405/2-4(1)(a), (b) (West 2012). The

Act defines "Minor" as "a person under the age of 21 years subject to this Act." 705 ILCS

405/1-3(10) (West 2012).

¶ 19   On review, a trial court's ruling at the adjudication hearing will not be reversed unless it

is against the manifest weight of the evidence. In re M.Z., 294 Ill. App. 3d 581, 592 (1998). A

finding is against the manifest weight of the evidence only if the opposite conclusion is clearly

evident. In re Edward T., 343 Ill. App. 3d 778, 794 (2003).

¶ 20                   A. Admission of K.S.'s Video Recorded Statement



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¶ 21   Timothy argues that the statements made by K.S. during her victim sensitive interview

were hearsay statements, and the hearsay exception provided in section 2-18(4)(c) of the Act

does not apply to the statements of K.S. 705 ILCS 405/2-18(4)(c) (West 2012). Section 2-

18(4)(c) of the Act provides for the admission of hearsay statements of abuse by a minor:

"Previous statements made by the minor relating to any allegations of abuse or neglect shall be

admissible in evidence. However, no such statement, if uncorroborated and not subject to cross-

examination, shall be sufficient in itself to support a finding of abuse or neglect." 705 ILCS

405/2-18(4)(c) (West 2012). Specifically, Timothy argues that the statements made by K.S.

during her victim sensitive interview were not admissible under section 2-18(4)(c) of the Act

because K.S. was not "the minor" involved in this case, i.e., K.S. was not named in a petition for

adjudication. Timothy argues that, based on the language of the Act, K.S.'s statements could

only be admissible if she was a minor named in the petition.

¶ 22   The State and the minors argue that K.S.'s statements are admissible under section 2-

18(4)(c) of the Act because the Act uses "a minor" and "the minor" interchangeably without

making a distinction between the two. The State argues the hearsay exception applies to a

statement by any minor and points out that there is no requirement in section 2-18(4)(c) of the

Act that the minor be named in the petition before his or her statements can be admitted into

evidence. The public guardian points out that the Act states that evidence of abuse and neglect

of one minor is relevant to the abuse and neglect of any other minor, regardless of whether the

minor is named in the petition.

¶ 23   This conflict presents an issue of statutory construction. It is well settled that in

construing a statute, we must ascertain and give effect to the intent of the legislature. In re A.P.,

179 Ill. 2d 184, 195 (1997). The best evidence of legislative intent is the language of the statute



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itself. Id. "We must construe the statute so that each word, clause, and sentence, if possible, is

given a reasonable meaning and not rendered superfluous [citation], avoiding an interpretation

which would render any portion of the statute meaningless or void [citation]. We also presume

that the General Assembly did not intend absurdity, inconvenience, or injustice." Sylvester v.

Industrial Comm'n, 197 Ill. 2d 225, 232 (2001).

¶ 24      Turning to the language of the statute, section 2-18(4)(c) of the Act states:

                         "(c) Previous statements made by the minor relating to any

                 allegations of abuse or neglect shall be admissible in evidence.

                 However, no such statement, if uncorroborated and not subject to

                 cross-examination, shall be sufficient in itself to support a finding

                 of abuse or neglect." 705 ILCS 405/2-18(4)(c) (West 2012).

¶ 25      It is well-recognized that a statute should be evaluated as a whole with each provision

being construed in connection with every other section. In re A.P., 179 Ill. 2d at 197; see

Bonaguro v. County Officers Electoral Board, 158 Ill. 2d 391, 397 (1994). In section 1-2 of the

Act, the legislature directed that the purpose and policy of the Act is to serve and protect the best

interests of minors. 705 ILCS 405/1-2(1), (3) (West 2012); see In re J.J., 142 Ill. 2d 1, 8 (1991).

The legislature also directed us to liberally construe the Act to carry out its purpose and policy.

705 ILCS 405/1-2(4) (West 2012). "Consequently, we have a duty to construe section 2-18(4)(c)

in a liberal manner so as not to defeat the purpose and policy of the Act." In re A.P., 179 Ill. 2d

at 197.

¶ 26      We find K.S.'s statements regarding Timothy's sexual abuse of her are encompassed

within the hearsay exception found in section 2-18(4)(c) of the Act. First, section 2-18(4)(c) of

the Act states "[p]revious statements made by the minor relating to any allegations of abuse or



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neglect shall be admissible in evidence." (Emphasis added.) 705 ILCS 405/2-18(4)(c) (West

2012). Because the statute does not limit the use of "statements made by the minor" to only

those allegations of abuse or neglect directly implicating the minor making the statements or the

minor named in the petition, it follows that a minor not named in the petition can offer

statements relating to neglect or abuse of another minor, so long as those statements are either

corroborated or subject to cross-examination. In re A.P., 179 Ill. 2d at 196 ("a minor's hearsay

statement is sufficient to support a finding of abuse or neglect where the statement either is

subject to cross-examination or is corroborated by other evidence"); see In re B.W., 216 Ill. App.

3d 410, 415 (1991) (finding that the hearsay statement of B.W. was admissible not only as

evidence that B.W. was abused, but also as evidence that R.W. was neglected due to his injurious

environment because the language of section 2-18(4)(c) indicates that it applies to statements

“relating to any allegations of abuse or neglect” (emphases in original)).

¶ 27   Second, the Act does not define "a minor" differently than "the minor" but rather only

defines "Minor." 705 ILCS 405/1-3(10) (West 2012) (" 'Minor' means a person under the age of

21 years subject to this Act."). K.S. is a person under 21 who was allegedly abused and,

therefore, subject to the Act. Accordingly, Timothy's argument that the language "the minor" in

section 2-18(4)(c) refers only to "the minor" named in the petition is without weight. Further, as

the State and the minors point out in their briefs, "a minor" and "the minor" are used

interchangeably throughout the Act without any significant distinction. See 705 ILCS 405/2-

18(2)(g), (2)(i) (West 2012) (referring to "a minor" and "the minor" within the same paragraph);

see also 705 ILCS 405/2-18(2)(h) (West 2012) (making reference to "a newborn" and "the

newborn" in the same section); see also 705 ILCS 405/2-18(g), (h), (i) (West 2012) (referring to




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both "a minor/infant" and "the minor/infant" in the same paragraph while referring to the same

minor/infant).

¶ 28   Third, if we were to find that "the minor" in section 2-18(4)(c) of the Act is limited to

only those minors named in the petition, such a finding would render other portions of the Act

superfluous. Sylvester, 197 Ill. 2d 225 (we may not construe the statute in a manner that would

render another portion of the statute meaningless or void). Section 2-18(3) of the Act states: "In

any hearing under this Act, proof of the abuse, neglect or dependency of one minor shall be

admissible evidence on the issue of the abuse, neglect or dependency of any other minor for

whom the respondent is responsible." 705 ILCS 405/2-18(3) (West 2012). If we were to

interpret section 2-18(4)(c) of the Act to mean that only statements of neglect or abuse from a

minor who is named in the petition are admissible, it would render section 2-18(3) meaningless

as that section allows evidence of abuse, neglect or dependence of "one minor" to be admissible

on the issue of abuse, neglect or dependency of "any other minor" for whom the respondent is

responsible. See 705 ILCS 405/2-18(3) (West 2012); see also In re Precious W., 333 Ill. App. 3d

893, 901 (2002) (finding that health care records of a respondent's child, other than a child

named in the petition, were admissible under section 2-18(4)(a) where those records concerned

the condition that brought about the minor's removal from respondent).

¶ 29   Last, our courts, following the directive of the legislature to liberally construe the Act,

have upheld the admission of the testimony of a minor not named in a petition, given in

chambers and out of the presence of the respondent, under section 2-18(4)(d) of the Act despite

the fact that section 2-18(4)(d) does not specifically authorize a nonparty minor to testify outside

the presence of the respondent. 705 ILCS 405/2-18(4)(d) (West 1996). In In Interest of M.D.H.,

297 Ill. App. 3d 181, 185 (1998), M.R.H., M.D.H.'s brother, testified outside the respondent's



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presence that at the time he was living with the respondent, "[h]e saw [the] respondent father on

top of M.D.H., 'moving up and down.' " In re M.D.H., 297 Ill. App. 3d at 185. M.R.H. further

testified that the"[r]espondent father and M.D.H. were covered up to their backs, and neither was

wearing any clothing that M.R.H. could see." Id. Section 2-18(4)(d) of the Act stated the

following:

                       "There shall be a rebuttable presumption that a minor is

               competent to testify in abuse or neglect proceedings. The court

               shall determine how much weight to give to the minor's testimony,

               and may allow the minor to testify in chambers with only the court,

               the court reporter and attorneys for the parties present. 705 ILCS

               405/2-18(4)(d) (West 2012).

On appeal, the respondent father objected to M.R.H.'s testimony arguing that section 2-18(4)(d)

of the Act does not permit a nonparty minor who was not named in the petition to testify outside

of a respondent's presence. Id. at 186. While the appellate court noted that "[s]ection 2-18(4)(d)

of the Act does not expressly authorize a nonparty minor to testify outside the respondent's

presence" (id. at 187), the court ultimately found the statements were admissible. In finding

M.R.H.'s statements to be admissible, the court noted:

               "Nonetheless, considering (1) the overriding purpose of the Act,

               (2) that the trial court has a duty to ensure that the best interests of

               not only the minor but the minor's family are served at every stage

               of the proceedings under the Act, and (3) that the court must

               administer the Act 'in a spirit of humane concern' for 'all who

               appear before the court,' we conclude that, under the particular



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               circumstances present in this case, the court did not err by allowing

               M.R.H., a minor child of respondent father, to testify outside of

               respondent father's presence." (Emphasis in original.) Id. at 187.

¶ 30   Similar to the respondent's argument in In re M.D.H., here Timothy argues that because

section 2-18(4)(c) of the Act does not expressly allow the admission of nonparty minor hearsay

statements, K.S.'s statements were not admissible because she was not named in the petition.

Despite the absence of language in 2-18(4)(c) specifically allowing the hearsay statements of

nonparty minors to be admissible, we find, similar to the court in In re M.D.H., that affirming the

admission of a nonparty minor statements relating to abuse of another minor is supported by our

duty to liberally construe the Act in order to carry out its purpose and policy. 705 ILCS 405/1-

2(4) (West 2012). One of the stated purposes of the Act is "to preserve and strengthen the

minor's family ties whenever possible, removing him or her from the custody of his or her

parents only when his or her safety or welfare or the protection of the public cannot be

adequately safeguarded without removal." 705 ILCS 405/1-2(1) (West 2012). Thus, we find

that interpreting section 2-18(4)(c) of the Act as allowing K.S.'s statements of sexual abuse by

Timothy to be admissible as evidence of neglect of her half siblings, D.M. and S.M., who were

in Timothy's custody and living with Timothy when sexual abuse of K.S. was occurring, carries

out the purpose of the Act. In re K.O., 336 Ill. App. 3d 98, 108-09 (2002) ("a finding of abuse of

one sibling establishes a prima facie case of neglect based upon an injurious environment to

another"); see also In re Z.R., 274 Ill. App. 3d 422, 427 (1995). Based on the foregoing, we

cannot say that the trial court's decision to admit the statements was fanciful, unreasonable or

that no reasonable person would adopt the trial court's view. See Taylor, 2011 IL 110067, ¶ 27.




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¶ 31   Even if we were to assume arguendo that K.S.'s statements were improperly admitted, we

would find the admission of the statements to be harmless error. Under the harmless error

standard, if the State can sustain its burden of proof with properly admitted evidence, the error in

admitting improper evidence is considered harmless. In re Marriage of Almquist, 299 Ill. App.

3d 732, 737 (1998) ("the allowance of inadmissible evidence is harmless error if properly

admitted evidence was sufficient to prove each element of the crime beyond a reasonable

doubt"); In re J.C., 2012 IL App (4th) 110861, ¶ 29 ("Errors in the admission of evidence may

be deemed harmless where ample evidence supported the court's neglect finding."); see also In re

C.H., 398 Ill. App. 3d 603, 608 (2010).

¶ 32   The State had the burden of proving the allegations in the petitions by a preponderance of

the evidence, namely that Timothy sexually abused K.S. while D.M. and S.M were under the

care of and residing with Timothy. In this case, Timothy, in his video recorded statement,

admitted that he sexually abused K.S. on numerous occasions over a number of years. Although

we recognize that the trial court stated that it relied on Timothy's statements to corroborate K.S.'s

statements, Timothy's statements are substantive evidence that may support the allegations of

abuse and neglect in the petitions for adjudication. See In re Walter B., 227 Ill. App. 3d 746, 753

(1992) (admissions by the mother respondent regarding the health and endangerment of her child

constituted substantive evidence to be considered by the court during neglect proceedings); see

also In re Ch. W., 408 Ill. App. 3d 541, 552 (2011). Therefore, we find the evidence admitted at

trial, excluding K.S.'s video recorded statement but including Timothy’s video recorded

statement, was sufficient to sustain the State's burden of proof at the adjudication proceedings.

The statements of Timothy concede that he sexually abused K.S., and the veracity of these

statements has not been challenged. In his statement made to the Bridgeview police, Timothy



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states that he could not make a 14 year old do something she did not want to do, and K.S. kept

coming into his bed. He admitted that preteen K.S. had touched his penis, that he had pushed his

penis against her butt, and that he thought that was what K.S. wanted so he did not "stop it." See

In re M.Z., 294 Ill. App. 3d 581, 592 (1998) (on review, a trial court's ruling at the adjudication

hearing will not be reversed unless it is against the manifest weight of the evidence).

¶ 33   Given that the video recorded statement of Timothy concedes that he sexually abused

K.S. while D.M. and S.M. were in his custody and living in his home, we find the evidence was

sufficient to prove the allegations of the petitions by a preponderance of the evidence,

independent of the statement of K.S. Therefore, if we assume the admission of the statement of

K.S. was an error, it was harmless error. See In re Marriage of Almquist, 299 Ill. App. 3d at 737.

¶ 34   B. Adequacy of Foundation for Admission of Exhibits No.1, No. 2A and No. 2B

¶ 35   Timothy argues that the trial court erred when it admitted three exhibits—one exhibit that

contained K.S.'s recorded victim sensitive interview, and two exhibits that contained his recorded

statement—because each of the exhibits lacked a proper foundation. When determining the

reliability of the process by which a recording is made, our supreme court has endorsed the

following nonexhaustive list of factors to consider: “(1) the device's capability for recording and

general reliability; (2) competency of the operator; (3) proper operation of the device; (4)

showing the manner in which the recording was preserved (chain of custody); (5) identification

of the persons, locale, or objects depicted; and (6) explanation of any copying or duplication

process.” Taylor, 2011 IL 110067, ¶ 35. The court stated, however, that “[e]ach case must be

evaluated on its own” and “[t]he dispositive issue in every case is the accuracy and reliability of

the process that produced the recording.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id.; see also

People v. Montes, 2013 IL App (2d) 111132, ¶ 63.



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¶ 36   With respect to K.S.'s video recorded statement, Timothy argues that it lacked a proper

foundation because there was no evidence regarding the recording equipment, no evidence

regarding the operator or the operator's training, and no evidence regarding the proper operation

of the equipment. Timothy argues that "[t]he record is devoid of any information that might

demonstrate confidence in the accuracy or reliability of the process that produced the recording."

Of note, Timothy does not argue that the statements made by K.S. in the recording are inaccurate

in any way.

¶ 37   The State, in turn, argues that a proper foundation was laid for K.S.'s video recorded

statement because, as the interview was being conducted and recorded at the Children's

Advocacy Center, Detective Matuszak along with another detective and the DCFS investigator

viewed the interview through a live feed from another room. The interview was simultaneously

recorded using a camera and microphone and was transferred onto a disc. Detective Matuszak

reviewed that disc and signed it indicating that the disc depicted the same interview of K.S. that

he witnessed through a monitor the day the interview was conducted. As such, the State argues

that because Detective Matuszak had personal knowledge of the content of the video and

testified that he did not see any problems with the recording—either video or audio—that might

challenge the recording's integrity, a sufficient foundation had been laid for the recording.

¶ 38   Here, Detective Matuszak testified that he monitored K.S.'s victim sensitive interview

through a live-feed video from another room as the interview was taking place. He further

testified that K.S.'s statements submitted at trial were as he originally perceived them and he did

not observe any problems in the recording. Montes, 2013 IL App (2d) 111132, ¶ 61 ("An

adequate foundation for admission of a sound recording into evidence exists if a witness to the

recorded conversation testifies that the recording accurately portrays the conversation in



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question."); see also People v. Williams, 109 Ill. 2d 327, 338 (1985). Detective Matuszak further

testified about the recording materials and recording processes that were used to record K.S.'s

victim sensitive interview. Nothing in Detective Matuszak's testimony suggested that the

equipment used to record K.S.'s interview was doing anything but functioning properly on the

day it was used. Timothy does not offer any argument or proof to suggest otherwise. Further,

Timothy did not make any arguments that the recordings were inaccurate in any way; rather,

Timothy argued there was insufficient evidence as to how the recordings were made that

prevented the State from laying a proper foundation. See In re L.S., 2014 IL App (4th) 131119, ¶

49 (where respondent did not argue that the images were visually misleading, or that they had

been altered in any way, those still images from a live-feed video were admissible). Based on

the foregoing, we cannot say that no other reasonable person would adopt the trial court's

decision to admit Exhibit No. 1 into evidence. Therefore, we find no abuse of discretion.

Taylor, 2011 IL 110067, ¶ 27 (“an abuse occurs when the trial court's ruling is fanciful,

unreasonable or when no reasonable person would adopt the trial court's view”).

¶ 39   Next we must determine whether an adequate foundation was established for the

admission of Timothy's video recorded statement. Similar to his argument with respect to

Exhibit No. 1, Timothy argues that Exhibits No. 2A and No. 2B, which contain a video recorded

interview of Timothy conducted by Detective Matuszak, were improperly admitted because they

lacked a proper foundation where there was no testimony regarding the recording process or

equipment that was used to record his statement. Of note, Timothy does not argue that his

recorded statement was inaccurate in any way.

¶ 40   The State in turn argues that Exhibits No. 2A and No. 2B were properly admitted because

Detective Matuszak, the person who conducted the interview, had personal knowledge of it.



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Detective Matuszak testified about the recording system that was being used and also testified

that he reviewed the DVD recording after it was made and there were no problems with the

video or audio.

¶ 41   Here, Detective Matuszak testified that he was personally present for Timothy's statement

and he testified that the recording was as he originally perceived it and he did not observe any

problems in the audio or video of the recording. Montes, 2013 IL App (2d) 111132, ¶ 61 ("An

adequate foundation for admission of a sound recording into evidence exists if a witness to the

recorded conversation testifies that the recording accurately portrays the conversation in

question."); see also People v. Williams, 109 Ill. 2d 327, 338 (1985). Detective Matuszak further

testified about the recording materials and recording processes that were used when interviewing

Timothy. Nothing in Detective Matuszak's testimony suggests that the equipment used to record

Timothy's statement was doing anything but functioning properly and accurately recording the

statement at the time it was being used. Timothy does not offer any argument or proof to suggest

otherwise.

¶ 42   We acknowledge that Timothy argues that a proper foundation was not laid for the video

recording of his statement to the police because Detective Matuszak, who participated in the

entire six-hour interview, did not review the video recording in full. Timothy's argument that

Detective Matuszak did not fully review the video is based on an isolated comment made by

Detective Matuszak during cross-examination: "I am not sure if I reviewed the entire duration of

the video in full or if I had skipped through but I did review them." Not only does this statement

itself reiterate that Detective Matuszak did in fact review the video recording, but Detective

Matuszak testified that based on his review of both Exhibits No. 2A and No. 2B, which

contained the video recorded statement of the interview with Timothy that he was personally



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present for, the video recording truly and accurately depicted the interview he had with Timothy

in December 2014. He further testified that he signed the discs upon which the video recorded

statement had been copied to verify that he reviewed the discs. As such, Timothy's argument

that a proper foundation was not laid because Detective Matuszak's review of the video recorded

statement was incomplete is not supported by the record. While Detective Matuszak might have

chosen the words "skipped through" at one point in his testimony, the bottom line is that he

testified that he reviewed the video recorded statement in full to the extent that he testified that

the video recording in its entirety accurately depicted the interview with Timothy, which he

personally observed. Montes, 2013 IL App (2d) 111132, ¶ 61 ("An adequate foundation for

admission of a sound recording into evidence exists if a witness to the recorded conversation

testifies that the recording accurately portrays the conversation in question."). Furthermore, we

emphasize again that Timothy does not argue that the substance of the video recorded statement,

in which he admits to sexually molesting and abusing K.S., was inaccurate in any way; therefore,

his argument fails. See In re L.S., 2014 IL App (4th) 131119, ¶ 49 (where respondent did not

argue that the images were visually misleading, or that they had been altered in any way, those

still images from a live-feed video were admissible). Based on the foregoing, we cannot say that

no other reasonable person would adopt the trial court's decision to admit Exhibits No. 2A and

No. 2B into evidence. Therefore, we find no abuse of discretion. Taylor, 2011 IL 110067, ¶ 27

(“an abuse occurs when the trial court's ruling is fanciful, unreasonable or when no reasonable

person would adopt the trial court's view”).

¶ 43   We further find that the trial court's ruling of dependency as to D.M. and S.M. was also

not against the manifest weight of the evidence because their mother is deceased and father is

now incarcerated. 705 ILCS 405/2-4(1)(a), (b) (West 2012) ("Those who are dependent include



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any minor under 18 years of age: (a) who is without a parent, guardian or legal custodian; [or]

(b) who is without proper care because of the physical or mental disability of his parent, guardian

or custodian.").

¶ 44                                  III. Conclusion

¶ 45   For the reasons above, we affirm the trial court's ruling at the adjudicatory hearing.

¶ 46   Affirmed.




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