                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION                            FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        DEC 17 2019
                                                                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                        U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

NED FLORES, individually and on behalf           No.   18-55959
of all others similarly situated,
                                                 D.C. No.
                Plaintiff-Appellee,              2:15-cv-00076-AB-PLA

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
ADIR INTERNATIONAL, LLC,

                Defendant-Appellant.

                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Central District of California
                    Andre Birotte, Jr., District Judge, Presiding

                          Submitted December 10, 2019**
                              Pasadena, California

Before: O’SCANNLAIN, PAEZ, and OWENS, Circuit Judges.

      Defendant-Appellant Adir International, LLC (Adir) appeals the district

court’s denial of its motion to compel arbitration in an action brought by Plaintiff-

Appellee Ned Flores (Flores). “We review de novo the district court’s denial of a



      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
motion to compel arbitration, including its determination that a party has waived

the right to arbitrate.” Newirth, by & through Newirth v. Aegis Senior Cmtys.,

LLC, 931 F.3d 935, 939 (9th Cir. 2019). As the parties are familiar with the facts,

we do not recount them here. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

We affirm.

         As a preliminary matter, Adir argues that the district court failed to

adequately consider that the “heavy burden” of establishing waiver of the right to

compel arbitration lies with Flores. However, a party may overcome this “heavy

burden” by demonstrating: (1) knowledge of an existing right to compel

arbitration; (2) intentional acts inconsistent with that existing right; and

(3) prejudice to the party opposing arbitration resulting from such inconsistent acts.

Newirth, 931 F.3d at 940.1

         Adir argues that the district court incorrectly determined that: (1) Adir

engaged in conduct inconsistent with its right to arbitrate and, (2) Flores was

prejudiced by such conduct.2 Contrary to Adir’s contentions, by filing two motions

to dismiss and defending an appeal, Adir “indicate[d] a conscious decision . . . to

seek judicial judgment on the merits of [the] arbitrable claims” – conduct


1
  To the extent Adir argues for remand so the district court can apply the federal
test, remand is unnecessary because Adir waived its right to arbitration under any
standard.
2
    Adir does not dispute that it knew it had a right to compel arbitration.

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inconsistent with a right to arbitrate. Id. at 941 (second alteration in original)

(citation and internal quotation marks omitted). Furthermore, Adir “made an

intentional decision to refrain from filing a motion to compel arbitration” until

after this court’s reversal of the district court’s prior dismissal. Id. Adir’s year-

and-a-half delay further emphasizes its “strategic decision to take advantage of the

judicial forum” in a manner inconsistent with its right to arbitrate. Id. Considering

Adir’s acts, Flores satisfied his heavy burden as it pertains to the second prong of

the analysis.

      Regarding prejudice, a plaintiff is not prejudiced by “[a]ny extra expense

incurred as a result of the [plaintiff’s] deliberate choice of an improper forum,”

such as preparing the complaint and litigating non-merits issues. Fisher v. A.G.

Becker Paribas Inc., 791 F.2d 691, 698 (9th Cir. 1986); see also Newirth, 931 F.3d

at 943–44. However, a plaintiff may demonstrate prejudice by pointing to costs

incurred in defending against actions taken inconsistent with the right to arbitrate,

by having to “relitigate an issue on the merits on which [he] already prevailed in

court,” or by showing that a defendant received an advantage from litigating in the

federal forum. Newirth, 931 F.3d at 944 (citation and internal quotation marks

omitted). Here, in defending against two motions to dismiss and appealing the

district court’s dismissal of his complaint, Flores incurred costs “directly traceable”

to Adir’s acts that were inconsistent with its known right to arbitrate. See id. In


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addition, directing Flores to arbitration at this late stage in the game would be akin

to forcing Flores to “relitigate . . . key legal issue[s]” that this court already decided

in his favor. See id. (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). Moreover,

granting Adir’s motion to compel would give Adir two bites at the apple – “an

advantage from litigating in federal court that [it] would not have received in

arbitration.” See id. (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).

      Considering the totality of Adir’s actions, the district court correctly

determined that Adir waived its right to compel arbitration.

      AFFIRMED.




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