J-S75003-17


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                     PENNSYLVANIA
                         Appellee

                    v.

DEVALE MICHAEL WATTS

                         Appellant                  No. 1754 WDA 2016


         Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence October 13, 2016
            In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
           Criminal Division at No(s): CP-02-CR-0004144-2015


BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., OTT, J., and MUSMANNO, J.

MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.:                        FILED FEBRUARY 1, 2018

      Appellant, Devale Michael Watts, appeals from the October 13, 2016

judgment of sentence entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny

County following a jury trial. We affirm.

      The trial court summarized the facts of the crime as follows:

            On March 18, 2015, at approximately 9:00 p.m., the
      Allegheny County Sheriff’s Department Fugitive Task Force
      arrived at Harrison Village Apartments in McKeesport,
      Pennsylvania to execute a criminal bench warrant for a suspect
      named Devante Watts. The task force received information that
      the suspect would be located in Apartment 7B in Harrison
      Village, and they set up a perimeter around the targeted
      address. Although it was dark outside, there were lights on the
      side of the building, and Apartment 7B was the “very last unit in
      the set of row houses” in that building.

            Shortly after the perimeter was secured, an individual
      matching the suspect’s description was observed exiting the
      front door of Apartment 7B. Detective Jared Kulik with the
      Allegheny County Sheriff’s Office was working with the task force
J-S75003-17


     that evening in a plain-clothed capacity, and he observed the
     individual who was believed to be the suspect of the warrant exit
     the target residence and turn right towards the end of the
     building. The individual began walking along the side of the
     building.    Detective Gould from the McKeesport Police
     Department accompanied the task force because he was familiar
     with the area, and with Devante Watts, the target of the
     warrant. Based on the individual’s appearance, Detective Gould
     believed that the male who had exited Apartment 7B was
     Devante Watts, and he relayed that information to Detective
     Kulik.

            Detective Kulik informed Deputy Sheriff Randy Grossman
     via radio that the individual who had exited the apartment was
     their “target,” and he told Deputy Grossman to stop the male in
     order to identify him. Deputy Grossman had secured the rear
     perimeter of the building and was positioned closest to the
     suspect. Deputy Grossman was in full uniform that evening, and
     he was standing at the rear of the building when the suspect
     walked past him. After receiving the information from Detective
     Kulik, Deputy Grossman walked towards the suspect. As soon as
     Deputy Grossman said “excuse me," the suspect “tucked his
     hands in his front hoodie pocket and took off running.” Deputy
     Grossman immediately said “Stop, Police. Don’t move,” but the
     male kept running despite his orders. Deputy Grossman testified
     that his attention was immediately drawn to [Appellant’s] actions
     of placing his hands in his hoodie pocket, appearing to clutch
     something. Deputy Grossman drew his service weapon out in
     response.

            Detective Kulik confirmed that he heard Deputy Grossman
     say to the individual, “Stop. Police” and that he saw the suspect
     start running. Both Detective Kulik and Deputy Grossman gave
     chase on foot. The male ran towards the rear of the building,
     with both Detective Kulik and Deputy Grossman yelling “Stop,
     Police” as they pursued him. During the pursuit, Detective Kulik
     saw the individual “shove” his hands into the large middle pocket
     of his black hooded sweatshirt. Deputy Grossman was closer to
     the suspect, and, as the suspect ran in between Buildings 9 and
     10, Deputy Grossman observed him reach into his pocket and
     throw something “up” and over a fence which was to the right of
     the suspect. Deputy Grossman stopped running and informed
     Detective Kulik that “he threw something,” indicating that he


                                   -2-
J-S75003-17


     “believed it could have been a firearm.” Deputy Grossman did
     not lose sight of the suspect at any point during the pursuit.

            The foot pursuit lasted approximately 10 to 15 seconds,
     and it ended when the suspect surrendered. The suspect was
     identified as Devale Watts, [Appellant] in the instant case, and
     the original target’s brother.        As soon as [Appellant]
     surrendered, he told Detective Kulik that he ran because he also
     has a warrant out for his arrest. When Detective Kulik and
     Deputy Grossman asked [Appellant] about the object that he
     had thrown during the pursuit, [Appellant] claimed that it was a
     cell phone.

           Based on Deputy Grossman’s observation of [Appellant]
     throwing what was believed to be a firearm, Officer Weimer and
     Officer Alfer from the McKeesport Police Department, as well as
     a canine unit, assisted in searching the area for the object.
     Officer   Weimer     ultimately   spotted   a  nine     millimeter
     semiautomatic Glock pistol on the other side of the fence that
     was located behind Building 10 in the village. The fence was
     approximately eight (8) to fifteen (15) feet away from the
     sidewalk where [Appellant] was running, and the firearm was
     found approximately 15-25 feet away from the fence, towards
     the bottom of the “steep” hill which sloped downward towards
     the river. Officer Weimer saw the firearm sticking out of the
     mud, and Officer Alfer and Detective Kulik were responsible for
     retrieving the firearm from the ground. Detective Kulik observed
     that the “dirt on the firearm was moist and wet, as if the firearm
     had just landed in the dirt.” Officers continued to search the
     ground after locating the firearm. After conducting a search
     which lasted approximately thirty (30) minutes, a cell phone was
     never located anywhere in the area.

           The firearm was submitted for fingerprint testing, but the
     examiners were unable to lift a fingerprint from the firearm. The
     firearm was swabbed for DNA, but touch DNA testing was not
     performed. Detective Kulik testified that DNA testing is not
     routine in all gun cases, and that such testing would be more
     common in cases where multiple actors are involved. Detective
     Kulik also testified that he believed that he did not request DNA
     testing because he assumed, based on a conversation he had
     with someone at the Medical Examiner’s office, that there was
     not enough DNA on the firearm to perform a comparative
     analysis.   After running an “open case file” search on the

                                   -3-
J-S75003-17


       firearm, it was discovered that the firearm was involved in an
       assault that took place on January 18, 2015 in the McKeesport
       area.

             [Appellant] took the stand at trial and testified that he did
       not realize he was running from police. He testified that a man
       had “jumped out of a car” and that he was not in police uniform.
       [Appellant] insisted that he stopped running when Deputy
       Grossman ordered him to stop and informed [Appellant] that he
       was a police officer. [Appellant], however, also testified that one
       of the reasons that he ran was because he had a warrant.
       [Appellant] also insisted that the object that he threw was a cell
       phone, and that he threw the cell phone to his left, in the
       opposite direction of the fence.

Trial Court Opinion, 4/12/17, at 2–6 (emphases in original) (internal

citations omitted).

       A jury convicted Appellant of carrying a firearm without a license, 18

Pa.C.S. § 6106(a)(2), and person not to possess a firearm, 18 Pa.C.S.

§ 6105(c)(1), on July 21, 2016.1 The trial court deferred sentencing pending

preparation of a presentence investigation (“PSI”) report.      On October 13,

2016, the trial court sentenced Appellant to an aggregate eighteen-month

term of intermediate punishment and a concurrent four-year period of

probation.    Sentencing Order, 10/13/16.        Appellant filed a post-sentence

motion the next day, asserting that his convictions were against the weight

of the evidence.      The trial court denied the motion on October 18, 2016.


____________________________________________


1  Prior to the start of trial, the Commonwealth withdrew the charged offense
of receiving stolen property, 18 Pa.C.S. § 3925(a). N.T., 7/19–21/16, at 3–
4.



                                           -4-
J-S75003-17


Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal. Both Appellant and the trial court

complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

      Appellant raises the following single issue for our review:

       I.   Whether       the trial court abused its discretion in not
            granting      Mr. Watts’ post-sentence motion requesting a
            new trial     when the verdicts of guilty were contrary to the
            weight of     the evidence?

Appellant’s Brief at 5.

      We have held that “[a] motion for new trial on the grounds that the

verdict is contrary to the weight of the evidence, concedes that there is

sufficient evidence to sustain the verdict.” Commonwealth v. Rayner, 153

A.3d 1049, 1054 (Pa. Super. 2016) (quoting Commonwealth v. Widmer,

744 A.2d 745, 751 (Pa. 2000)).          Our Supreme Court has described the

standard applied to a weight-of-the-evidence claim as follows:

      The decision to grant or deny a motion for a new trial based
      upon a claim that the verdict is against the weight of the
      evidence is within the sound discretion of the trial court. Thus,
      “the function of an appellate court on appeal is to review the trial
      court’s exercise of discretion based upon a review of the record,
      rather than to consider de novo the underlying question of the
      weight of the evidence.” An appellate court may not overturn
      the trial court’s decision unless the trial court “palpably abused
      its discretion in ruling on the weight claim.”          Further, in
      reviewing a challenge to the weight of the evidence, a verdict
      will be overturned only if it is “so contrary to the evidence as to
      shock one’s sense of justice.”

Commonwealth v. Cash, 137 A.3d 1262, 1270 (Pa. 2016) (internal

citations omitted).       A trial court’s determination that a verdict was not

against the weight of the evidence is “[o]ne of the least assailable reasons”


                                        -5-
J-S75003-17


for denying a new trial.   Commonwealth v. Colon-Plaza, 136 A.3d 521,

529 (Pa. Super. 2016) (quoting Commonwealth v. Clay, 64 A.3d 1049,

1055 (Pa. 2013)).     A verdict is against the weight of the evidence where

“certain facts are so clearly of greater weight that to ignore them or to give

them equal weight with all the facts is to deny justice.” Commonwealth v.

Lyons, 833 A.2d 245, 258 (Pa. Super. 2003) (quoting Widmer, 744 A.2d at

751–752)).    “[W]e do not reach the underlying question of whether the

verdict was, in fact, against the weight of the evidence. . . . Instead, this

Court determines whether the trial court abused its discretion in reaching

whatever   decision   it made   on the     motion[.]”   Commonwealth v.

Ferguson, 107 A.3d 206, 213 (Pa. Super. 2015) (citation omitted).

      A challenge to the weight of the evidence must first be raised at the

trial level “(1) orally, on the record, at any time before sentencing; (2) by

written motion at any time before sentencing; or (3) in a post-sentence

motion.” Commonwealth v. Akrie, 159 A.3d 982, 989 (Pa. Super. 2017).

Appellant properly preserved his weight-of-the-evidence claim by raising the

issue in his post-sentence motion filed on October 14, 2016.

      Appellant asserts that the testimony proffered by Deputy Grossman

was “too fantastic to be believed.” Appellant’s Brief at 15. Conversely, he

asserts that his own testimony was credible, and thus, the verdicts shocked

the judicial conscience.   Id. at 15–16.     Appellant suggests that “it was

inconceivable to believe that [Appellant] threw the gun that was ultimately


                                    -6-
J-S75003-17


recovered.” Id. at 20. Appellant admits that the trial court’s statement that

Appellant’s case “basically turned on credibility determinations” was correct.

Id. at 21.

       The trial court addressed Appellant’s issue at length and authored a

cogent, in-depth explanation of Appellant’s claims regarding the weight of

the evidence.      Following our careful review of Appellant’s arguments, the

law, and the complete record, we discern no abuse of discretion by the trial

court in denying Appellant’s contention that the verdict is against the weight

of the evidence. In making this determination, we rely on the trial court’s

opinion filed on April 12, 2017.2

       Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 2/1/2018




____________________________________________


2 We direct the parties to attach a copy of the opinion in the event of any
future proceedings.



                                           -7-
                                                                        Circulated 01/16/2018 03:41 PM




    ON   7HE COURT OF C II)   ON PLEP, S OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANO
                                 CRIMINAL ENVISION




COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,                   CC No. 2015-4144



               v.


                                                                       INNS L
                                                                   Criminal Division
DEVALE MICHAEL WATTS,                                           Dept: Cff GOO FicOorc10
                                                                Allegheny County, PA,


               Defendant.                      OPINION




                                               BETH A. LAZZARA, JUDGE
                                               Court of Common Pleas


                                               Copies Sent To:


                                               Mike W. Streily, Esq.
                                               Office of the District Attorney
                                               401 Courthouse
                                               Pittsburgh, PA 15219


                                               Caleb Pittman, Esq.
                                               Office of the Public Defender
                                               400 County Office Building
                                               542 Forbes Avenue
                                               Pittsburgh, PA 15219
                      Allegheny County                          ent of Court Records
                                                                gs   Information


County caseID:CP-02-CR-0004144-2015 (OPINION)
Case Description: COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA             v.   WATTS
Official Docket Entry, Sort By Document Number Ascending

Document      Title/Entry                                                              Filling Date
Number

1             OPINION                                                                  04/12/2017




                                            (Index Page -1)
 IN   THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA



COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,                    CRIMINAL DIVISION
                 vs.                             CC # 2015-4144
DEVALE MICHAEL WATTS,


                 Defendant.



                                  0     ION

        This is a direct appeal from the judgment of sentence entered on October 13,

2016, following a jury trial that took place between July 19, 2016, and July 21, 2016.

The Defendant was charged with Carrying a Firearm Without a License (18 Pa. C.S.A.

§6106(a)(2)) (Count One) and Person Not to Possess a Firearm (18 Pa. C.S.A.

§6105(c)(1)) (Count Two). At the conclusion of trial, the jury convicted the Defendant

of both charges. Sentencing was deferred to allow for the preparation of a Pre -

Sentence Report ("PSR"). On October 13, 2016, the Defendant was sentenced to an

eighteen (18) month term of restrictive intermediate punishment and a concurrent four

(4) year term of probation at Count One. He received a four (4) year term of probation

at Count Two, to be served concurrently with the probationary sentence imposed at

Count One. The Defendant filed a timely post-sentence motion challenging the weight of

the evidence presented at trial. After meaningful consideration, the motion was denied

on October 18, 2016. This timely appeal followed.
           On February 6, 2017, the     efendant filed a timely' Concise Statement of Errors

    Complained of on Appeal ("Concise Statement). The Defendant's sole challenge on

    appeal is to the weight of the evidence. (Concise Statement, pp. 3-6). The Defendant's

    allegation of error is without merit. The court respectfully requests that the Defendant's

    convictions be upheld for the reasons that follow.




    I.    FACTUAL BACKGROUND


          On March 18, 2015, at approximately 9:00 p.m., the Allegheny County Sheriff's

    Department Fugitive Task Force arrived at Harrison Village Apartments in McKeesport,

    Pennsylvania to execute a criminal bench warrant for a suspect named Devante Wafts.

(Jury Trial Transcript ("TT"), 7/19/16-7/21/16, pp. 60-62, 106-07, 127-28, 139, 149, 201-

02). The task force received information that the suspect would be located in Apartment

7B in Harrison Village, and they set up a perimeter around the targeted address. (TT,

pp. 61-63, 108). Although it was dark outside, there were lights on the side of the

building, and Apartment 7B was the "very last unit in the set of row houses" in that

building. (TT, pp. 62, 106,109).




          Shortly after the perimeter was secured, an individual matching the suspect's

description was observed exiting the front door of Apartment 7B. (TT, pp. 62-63, 85-86,

129). Detective Jared Kulik with the Allegheny County Sheriff's Office was working with



1The Defendant requested and received one (1) extension of time to file his Concise
Statement because he was awaiting transcripts.

                                                2
 the task force that evening in a plain -clothed capacity, and he observed the individual

 who was believed to be the suspect of the warrant exit the target residence and turn

 right towards the end of the building.   (IT   pp. 60, 62-63, 83, 108). The individual began

 walking along the side of the building. (TT, pp. 62-63, 108).     etective Gould from the

 McKeesport Police Department accompanied the task force because he was familiar

with the area, and with Devante Watts, the target of the warrant. (Tr, pp. 63, 80, 127,

 134, 136). Based on the individual's appearance, Detective Gould believed that the

male who had exited Apartment 7       was Devante Watts, and he relayed that information

to Detective Kulik. (TT, pp. 63, 128, 130-31, 134).




       Detective Kulik informed Deputy Sheriff Randy Grossman via radio that the

individual who had exited the apartment was their "target," and he told Deputy

Grossman to stop the male in order to identify him. (TT, pp. 63, 109). Deputy

Grossman had secured the rear perimeter of the building and was positioned closest to

the suspect. (TT, pp. 63, 106, 108). Deputy Grossman was in full uniform that evening,

and he was standing at the rear of the building when the suspect walked past him. (TT,

pp. 84, 107-09). After receiving the information from Detective Kulik, Deputy Grossman

walked towards the suspect. As soon as Deputy Grossman said "excuse me," the

suspect "tucked his hands in his front hoodie pocket and took off running." (TT, pp. 109,

131). Deputy Grossman immediately said "Stop, Police. Don't move," but the male kept

running despite his orders. (TT, pp. 110, 132). Deputy Grossman testified that his

attention was immediately drawn to the Defendant's actions of placing his hands     in   his




                                                3
hoodie pocket, appearing to clutch something. (TT, p. 110). Deputy Grossman drew

his service weapon out in response.      (Tr,   p. 110).




       Detective Kulik confirmed that he heard Deputy Grossman say to the individual,

"Stop. Police" and that he saw the suspect start running. (TT, pp. 64, 110). Both

Detective Kulik and Deputy Grossman gave chase on foot. (TT, pp. 64, 109-110). The

male ran towards the rear of the building, with both Detective Kulik and Deputy

Grossman yelling "Stop, Police" as they pursued him. (TT, pp. 64-65). During the

pursuit, Detective Kulik saw the individual "shove" his hands into the large middle

pocket of his black hooded sweatshirt. (TT, pp. 65, 85). Deputy Grossman was closer

to the suspect, and, as the suspect ran in between Buildings 9 and 10, Deputy

Grossman observed him reach into his pocket and throw something "up" and over a

fence which was to the right of the suspect. (TT, pp. 66, 110-11, 114-16, 121, 208).

Deputy Grossman stopped running and informed Detective Kulik that "he threw

something," indicating that he "believed it could have been a firearm." (TT, pp. 65, 69,

94, 98, 110, 112-14). Deputy Grossman did not lose sight of the suspect at any point

during the pursuit. (TT, pp. 113,120).




       The foot pursuit lasted approximately 10 to 15 seconds, and it ended when the

suspect surrendered. (TT, pp. 65, 66-67). The suspect was identified as Devale Watts,

the Defendant in the instant case, and the original target's brother. (TT, pp. 66-67, 81,

84, 86-87, 128). As soon as the Defendant surrendered, he told Detective Kulik that he


                                                4
 ran because he also has a warrant out for his arrest. (TT, pp. 67-68, 82, 87). When

 Detective Kulik and Deputy Grossman asked the Defendant about the object that he

 had thrown during the pursuit, the    efendant claimed that it was a cell phone. (TT, pp.

 68, 87,113).




        Based on Deputy Grossman's observation of the Defendant throwing what was

 believed to be a firearm, Officer Weimer and Officer After from the McKeesport Police

Department, as well as a canine unit, assisted in searching the area for the object. (T1-,

pp. 69, 93-94, 98, 133, 138-40, 149-49). Officer Weimer ultimately spotted a nine -

millimeter semiautomatic Glock pistol on the other side of the fence that was located

behind Building 10 in the village. (TT, pp. 69, 72, 96, 133, 135, 140-42, 150, 184). The

fence was approximately eight (8) to fifteen (15) feet away from the sidewalk where the

Defendant was running, and the firearm was found approximately 15-25 feet away from

the fence, towards the bottom of the "steep" hill which sloped downward towards the

river. (TT, pp. 95, 97, 101-02, 112, 123, 142-43, 145-46, 150-51, 154). Officer Weimer

saw the firearm sticking out of the mud, and Officer Alter and Detective Kulik were

responsible for retrieving the firearm from the ground. (TT, pp. 70, 73, 95, 142-43, 146,

150-51, 153). Detective Kulik observed that the "dirt on the firearm was moist and wet,

as if [] the firearm had just landed in the dirt." (TT, p. 73). Officers continued to search

the ground after locating the firearm. After conducting a search which lasted

approximately thirty (30) minutes, a cell phone was never located anywhere in the area.

(TT, pp. 73-74, 143, 145, 152, 154).




                                              5
           The firearm was submitted for fingerprint testing, but the examiners were unable

 to lift a fingerprint from the firearm. (TT, pp. 74). The firearm was swabbed for DNA,

 but touch DNA testing was not performed. (11-, pp. 74-75, 90). Detective Kulik testified

 that DNA testing is not routine in all gun cases, and that such testing would be more

 common in cases where multiple actors are involved. (11", pp. 78-79, 88-89). Detective

 Kulik also testified that he believed that he did not request DNA testing because he

assumed, based on a conversation he had with someone at the Medical Examiners

office, that there was not enough DNA on the firearm to perform a comparative analysis.

(1-1-,   pp. 100-01, 103). After running an "open case file" search on the firearm, it was

discovered that the firearm was involved in an assault that took place on January 18,

2015 in the McKeesport area. (TT, pp. 91-93).




          The Defendant took the stand at trial and testified that he did not realize he was

running from police. (TT, pp. 200-203). He testified that a man had "jumped out of a

car" and that he was not in police uniform. (TT, pp. 202, 207). The Defendant insisted

that he stopped running when Deputy Grossman ordered him to stop and informed the

Defendant that he was a police officer. (TT, pp. 203-04, 207-09). The Defendant,

however, also testified that one of the reasons that he ran was because he had a

warrant. (TT, p. 207). The Defendant also insisted that the object that he threw was a

cell phone, and that he threw the cell phone to his left, in the opposite direction of the

fence. (TT, pp. 204, 208).




                                               6
 II.    DiSCUSSiON


        A. The Defendant's convictions for Carrying a firearm without a License
           and Person Not to Possess a Firearm were not against the weight of the
           evidence.


        In challenging the weight    of the evidence, the Defendant attacks the credibility

determinations made by the jury and focuses on the lack of physical and scientific

evidence linking him to the firearm. (Concise Statement, pp. 3-6). It is well -established

that a challenge to the weight of the evidence "concedes that there is sufficient evidence

to sustain the verdict." Commonwealth v. Widmer, 7            A.2d 745, 751 (Pa. 2000);

Commonwealth v. Hunzer, 868 A.2d 498, 507 (Pa. Super. 2005), appeal denied, 880

A.2d 1237 (Pa. 2005) ("A true weight of the evidence challenge concedes that sufficient

evidence exists to sustain the verdict but questions which evidence is to

believed.") (emphasis added).       In   reviewing claims that the verdict was against the

weight of the evidence, our appellate court has explained that


       [t]he weight of the evidence is exclusively for the finder of fact who is
       free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence and to determine the
       credibility of the witnesses. An appellate court cannot substitute its
       judgment for that of the finder of fact. Thus, we may only reverse the lower
       court's verdict if it is so contrary to the evidence as to shock one's sense
       of justice. ore* ver, where the trial court has ruled n the weight
       claim belw, an appellate court's role Is not to consider the
       underlying question of whether the verdict is against the weight of
       the evidence, Rather, appellate review is limited to whether the trial
       court palpably abused its discretion in ruling on the weight claim,
Commonwealth v. Lewis, 911 A.2d 558, 565 (Pa. Super. 2006) (emphasis

added); Commonwealth v. Torres 578 A3d 1323, 1326 (Pa. Super. 1990) ("The

determination whether to grant a new trial on the ground that the verdict is




                                                 7
against the weight of the evidence rests within the discretion of the trial court,

and we will not disturb that decision absent an abuse of discretion.").




       In   determining whether a trial court abused its discretion in denying a

motion for a new trial based on a claim that the verdict was against the weight of

the evidence, our Supreme Court has cautioned that


       [a] new trial should not be granted because of a mere conflict in the
       testimony or because the judge on the same facts would have arrived at a
       different conclusion. [Widmer, supra, at 751-52]. Rather, "the role of the
       trial judge is to determine that 'notwithstanding all the facts, certain facts
       are so clearly of greater weight that to ignore them or to give them equal
       weight with all the facts is to deny justice." [Widmer, supra] at 752 (citation
       omitted). It has often been stated that "a new trial should be awarded
       when the jury's verdict is so contrary to the evidence as to shock one's
       sense of justice and the award of a new trial is imperative so that right
       may be given another opportunity to prevail." [Commonwealth v. Brown,
       648 A.2d 1177, 1189 (Pa. 1994).

Commonwealth v. Clay, 64 A.3d 1049, 1055 (Pa. 2013). Indeed, "appellate review of a

trial court's decision on a weight of the evidence claim is extremely limited."

Commonwealth v. Torres, 578 A3d 1323, 1326 (Pa. Super. 1990). Courts have

reasoned that


       [b]ecause the trial judge has had the opportunity to .hear and see the
       evidence presented, an appellate court will give the gravest consideration
       to the findings and reasons advanced by the trial judge when reviewing a
       trial court's determination that the verdict is against the weight of the
       evidence.

Widmer, supra, at 753. Stated differently, "[o]ne of the least assailable reasons for

granting or denying a new trial is the lower court's conviction that the verdict was or was




                                              8
 not against the weight of the evidence and that a new trial should be granted in the

 interest of justice." Clay, supra,. at 1055 (quoting Widmer, supra, at 753).




           The facts of this case are straightforward and clearly support the verdict. The

salient facts involve a uniformed police officer approaching the Defendant, the

Defendant fleeing at the very sight of the uniformed officer, the uniformed officer

ordering the Defendant to stop multiple times as he identified himself as an officer, the

Defendant disobeying repeated commands to stop, the Defendant making a furtive

movement towards the pocket of his hoodie, and the Defendant admittedly throwing an

object, which was believed by a police officer to be a firearm and which was later

confirmed to be, in fact, a firearm.    Deputy Grossman never lost sight of the Defendant

during the pursuit, and he consistently, and convincingly, testified that the object was

thrown to the right of the Defendant, over the fence. The firearm was subsequently

recovered in an area that is consistent with where one would expect the thrown object

to land.




       Although the Defendant testified to a radically different version of events, the

conflict in the testimony presented was solely for the jury to resolve. While the

Defendant correctly notes that the Commonwealth did not present DNA evidence or

surveillance footage linking him to the firearm, his "CSI" argument loses substantial

force when considered against common sense and the evidence as whole. It also

seeks to distract one's attention away from the fact that the finding of guilt in this case


                                               9
was centered entirely on credibility determinations, a matter which is solely within the

province of the fact-finder. As noted, the jury was free to believe all, part, or none of the

evidence presented in this case, and it was solely the duty of the jurors to evaluate the

testimony and determine the credibility of witnesses.




       While this court did not sit as the fact -finder in this case, it did have the

opportunity to observe the witnesses' demeanor and tone as they testified. This court

had no trouble understanding why the jury rejected the Defendant's testimony in favor of

the Commonwealth's evidence. The Commonwealth's witnesses testified confidently

and consistently, and their accounts of events were highly corroborated by each other's

testimony. The Defendant, on the other hand, came across as disingenuous and not

credible, and his version of events did not have that "ring of truth" that a fact -finder

searches and listens for in every case.




       In his Concise Statement, the Defendant attacks the credibility of Deputy

Grossman by relying on a purported inconsistency between. Detective Kuilk's report and

Deputy Grossman's testimony at trial. (Concise Statement, pp. 3-4). However, close

examination of the record does not reveal any inconsistencies, but rather an oversight

on the part of Detective Kulik, for which Deputy Grossman is not responsible. The

Defendant attempts to argue that because Detective Kulik's report failed to specify that

the object Deputy Grossman observed the Defendant throw was a firearm, Deputy

Grossman's testimony at trial was, therefore, fabricated. (TT, pp. 114, 160). Deputy


                                              10
 Grossman testified convincingly that he did inform      I etective Kulik that he believed the
 thrown object to be a firearm, (TT, pp. 113-14), and Detective Kulik twice testified that

 Deputy Grossman told him that he believed that the object was a firearm. (TT, pp. 69,

 94). The fact that Detective Kulik did not specify in his report that the thrown object was

 a firearm does not   equate with a finding of fabrication on the part of Deputy Grossman,

 nor does it provide a legitimate basis to disbelieve Deputy Grossman's testimony.




        Furthermore, the issue of whether Deputy Grossman was actually able to make

out that the object was a firearm was for the jury to decide, and not for this court to

question. The court will note that Deputy Grossman testified that the gun was large.

Based on his experience as a law enforcement officer who has previously been in

similar situations, it does not "strain the bounds of credibility" to accept his belief that the

object thrown was a firearm. (TT, pp. 111, 13); (Concise Statement, p. 3).




       Next, the Defendant asserts that the weight of the evidence did not support a

finding that the firearm was the object that was thrown by the Defendant. (Concise

Statement, pp. 3-4). He takes issue with the location where the gun ultimately was

found, and he argues that it is "highly unlikely" that the Defendant "could have thrown

the gun to that location while running."   (K).    First, the testimony estimated that the

firearm was found anywhere between 23-40 feet away from where the Defendant was

running. (TT, pp. 95, 97, 101-02, 112, 123, 142-43, 145-46, 150-51, 154). Second, the

jury was more than entitled to use common sense to reasonably infer that the gun did


                                              11
not actually land 40 feet away from the Defendant, but that instead, it rolled down the

steep hill after being thrown. (TT, p. 73). That reasonable inference, coupled with

Detective Kulik's testimony that the firearm had fresh dirt on it and looked as if it it had

just landed in the dirt, supported the jury's determination.




       The Defendant next argues that the jury should have believed the Defendant's

alternative explanation of events. (Concise Statement, pp. 5). Again, the court will

simply note that credibility determinations are solely for the jury to make, and the jury

was well -entitled to reject the Defendant's story that he threw a cell phone to his left and

that he did not realize he was running from police. The Defendant's story was

completely uncorroborated by any other evidence. The Defendant also contradicted his

own testimony by admitting that one of the reasons he ran was because he had a

warrant out for his arrest. (TT, p. 207). The logical inference is that he knew he was

being approached by police from the outset, and this inference is supported by the fact

that Detective Kulik and Deputy Grossman both testified that Deputy Grossman was in

full uniform and that Deputy Grossman immediately identified himself as police and

ordered the Defendant to stop walking before the Defendant ran away. (TT, pp. 64, 84,

109-10, 132).




       The jurors were also was entitled to use their common sense to conclude that the

multiple officers on the scene would not search an area that was in the complete

opposite direction of where they observed the throwing motion. It would be a waste of


                                             12
 their time and resources to focus their attention on an area that was not believed to

 have contained the thrown object. Additionally, Officer Weimer testified that his canine

officer was deployed on the other side of the fence where the sidewalk and buildings

were, and the canine did not locate anything in that area despite its training to locate

items with "recent human odor." (TT, pp. 144,145). Multiple officers testified that no cell

phone was ever found in the area despite a thirty (30) minute search, and Officer Alfer

testified that they continued searching the area even after locating the firearm. (TT, pp.

7374,143, 152).




       Finally, the Defendant argues that there was an alternative explanation for the

presence of the gun in that area, positing that it could have been placed there by

someone who had committed the earlier assault in January of 2015. (Concise

Statement, p. 5). Again, this was a point of contention that was for the jury to consider

and resolve. The jury evidently decided to credit Detective Kulik and his testimony that

"the dirt on the firearm was moist and wet, as if [] the firearm had just landed in the dirt."

(TT, p. 73). Such a finding does not shock the conscience, and such a finding makes

more sense than the illogical theory put forth by the Defendant at trial.




       The Defendant essentially seeks to retry his case on appeal. Indeed, the

arguments set forth   in   support of the Defendant's weight claim are arguments that were

presented to the jurors for their consideration, and ultimately rejected by them. It is not

the function of this court, or the reviewing court, to second-guess the credibility


                                               13
 determinations made by the jury or the jury's resolution of any conflicting testimony or

theory of the case. Having heard the evidence presented, the court notes that it

certainly did not defy the bounds of logic to conclude that the Defendant possessed the

firearm that was retrieved from the sloped hill behind the fence. The evidence

convincingly proved beyond a reasonable doubt that the object that the Defendant

admitting to throwing was a firearm.




       In sum,   there were no facts in this case that were "so clearly of greater weight

that to ignore them or to give them equal weight with all the facts is to deny justice," and

the verdict was not "so contrary to the evidence so as to shock one's conscience." Clay,

supra, at 1055. Thus, this court did not palpably abuse its discretion in denying the

weight claim that was presented in the Defendant's post -sentence motion. Lewis,

supra, at 565 ("where the trial court has ruled on the weight claim below, an appellate

court's role is not to consider the underlying question of whether the verdict is against

the weight of the evidence" but rather "whether the trial court palpably abused its

discretion in ruling on the weight claim"). Accordingly, the Defendant's sole allegation of

error on appeal is without merit, and the verdict in this case should be upheld.




DOB.   CONCLUSIOI1

       The Defendant's allegation of error on appeal is without merit. Based on the

foregoing, the verdict was not against the weight of the evidence. Accordingly, this

court respectfully requests that the verdict and sentence in this case be upheld.



                                              14
BY THE COURT:




                ,   J.




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