[Cite as In re the Adoption of A.M.G., 2015-Ohio-4811.]
                          STATE OF OHIO, COLUMBIANA COUNTY

                                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                                       SEVENTH DISTRICT


IN THE MATTER OF                                  )       CASE NO. 15 CO 5
THE ADOPTION OF:                                  )
                                                  )
        A.M.G.                                    )
                                                  )       OPINION
                                                  )
                                                  )

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS:                                 Civil Appeal from the Court of Common
                                                          Pleas, Probate Division, of Columbiana
                                                          County, Ohio
                                                          Case No. 14 AD 15

JUDGMENT:                                                 Affirmed.

APPEARANCES:

For Antonio Tillison:                                     Atty. Virginia Barborak
                                                          120 S. Market St.
                                                          Lisbon, Ohio 44432

For Daniel Antonio Garcia:                                Atty. Robert W. Price
                                                          Richard G. Zellers & Associates, Inc.
                                                          3810 Starrs Centre Dr.
                                                          Canfield, Ohio 44406


JUDGES:

Hon. Cheryl L. Waite
Hon. Gene Donofrio
Hon. Mary DeGenaro
                                                          Dated: November 19, 2015
[Cite as In re the Adoption of A.M.G., 2015-Ohio-4811.]
WAITE, J.


        {¶1}    Appellant Antonio Tillison appeals the judgment of the Columbiana

County Court of Common Pleas, Probate Division, granting adoption of Appellant's

natural child A.M.G. to the child’s step-father, Appellee Daniel Antonio Garcia

(Daniel). The court found that there was no justification for Appellant's failure to have

contact with the child in the twelve months preceding the adoption, and therefore, his

consent was not necessary for the adoption. Appellant contends that his consent

was necessary because he was prevented from having contact with the child by the

child's mother, Appellee Rachel Garcia (Rachel), and also by Daniel. The record

does not support Appellant's argument. Even assuming Appellant was prevented

from having contact with the child, he cannot prevail in this appeal because the trial

court also found that he failed to provide financial or other means of support for the

child. Under R.C. 3107.07(A), failure to provide for the maintenance and support of

the child is an alternative reason for the court to find that a parent's consent is not

necessary for an adoption.                Since Appellant is not challenging the court's

determination that he failed to provide maintenance and support, he cannot prevail

on appeal. Therefore, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

                                             Case History

        {¶2}    On September 30, 2014, Daniel filed a Petition for Adoption of Minor in

the Columbiana County Court of Common Pleas, Probate Division. The purpose of

the petition was to adopt his stepdaughter, A.M.G., a minor. Daniel was married to

and living with the child's mother, Rachel, at the time.          The petition noted that

Appellant's consent as father of A.M.G. was not required due to his failure to provide
                                                                                       -2-

more than de minimis contact with the child and due to his failure to provide

maintenance and support for the child. Attached to the petition was Rachel's consent

to the adoption. Appellant filed objections to the adoption petition on October 30,

2014. Final hearing was held on January 22, 2015. All three parties appeared at the

hearing with counsel.

       {¶3}   The court issued its judgment on January 30, 2015. The court found

that Appellant, although gainfully employed at times in the four years prior to the filing

of the adoption petition, failed to provide financial or other support for the child and

had no justification for failing to provide support. The court also found that there was

no justification for Appellant's failure to have any contact with the child in the year

prior to the filing of the adoption petition. The court noted that Appellant had never

demanded nor requested companionship or contact with the child, and that the child's

mother had never expressly refused to allow him to have contact with the child. The

court determined that Appellant's consent was not needed for the adoption, and that

it was in the best interests of the child to grant the adoption. This timely appeal

followed. The court's decision finding that a parent's consent is not necessary to the

granting of an adoption petition is a final appealable order. In re Adoption of Greer,

70 Ohio St.3d 293, 638 N.E.2d 999 (1994), paragraph one of the syllabus;

                              ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW AND ABUSED

       ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT FAILED TO FIND JUSTIFIABLE CAUSE
                                                                                      -3-

       FOR THE FATHER'S FAILURE TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE

       MINOR CHILD.

       {¶4}   Appellant argues that he is not precluded from preventing the adoption

because his failure to communicate with the child prior to the filing of the adoption

petition was justified.   Appellant acknowledges that R.C. 3107.07(A) allows an

adoption to proceed without the consent of a parent who has failed, without justifiable

cause, to have more than de minimis contact with his or her child for the year

preceding the filing of the adoption petition. According to Appellant, he had justifiable

cause because he believes the child's mother prevented him from having contact

with the child. The record does not support Appellant's argument.

       {¶5}   R.C. 3107.07(A) states:

       Consent to adoption is not required of any of the following:


       (A) A parent of a minor, when it is alleged in the adoption petition and

       the court, after proper service of notice and hearing, finds by clear and

       convincing evidence that the parent has failed without justifiable cause

       to provide more than de minimis contact with the minor or to provide for

       the maintenance and support of the minor as required by law or judicial

       decree for a period of at least one year immediately preceding either

       the filing of the adoption petition or the placement of the minor in the

       home of the petitioner. (Emphasis added.)
                                                                                     -4-

      {¶6}   The consent provision of the adoption statute must be strictly construed

so as to protect the natural parent's right to raise and nurture his or her child. In re

Adoption of Schoeppner, 46 Ohio St.2d 21, 24, 345 N.E.2d 608 (1976).

      {¶7}   Pursuant to R.C. 3107.07(A), the petitioning party has the burden to

prove, by clear and convincing evidence, that the nonconsenting parent failed to

provide more than de minimis contact for the requisite time period and that there was

no justification for this failure. In re Adoption of Holcomb, 18 Ohio St.3d 361, 368,

481 N.E.2d 613 (1985), overruled on other grounds by statute. Once the petitioner

shows that the natural parent has not had contact with the child, the burden of going

forward with the evidence shifts to the natural parent to show some facially justifiable

cause for such failure. In re Adoption of Bovett, 33 Ohio St.3d 102, 104, 515 N.E.2d

919 (1987). The burden of proof, though, continues to rest with the petitioner. Id.

The trial court then weighs all the evidence pertaining to the lack of contact and

determines whether there is clear and convincing proof establishing lack of contact

and lack of justifiable cause. In re Adoption of Lauck, 82 Ohio App.3d 348, 353, 612

N.E.2d 459 (9th Dist.1992).

      {¶8}   Justifiable cause for the failure to maintain contact with the child has

been found to exist if the custodial parent significantly interferes with or discourages

contact and communication between the natural parent and the child. Holcomb at

367-368. The trial court's decision regarding justifiable cause will not be disturbed

unless it is against the manifest weight of the evidence. In re Adoption of Bovett,

supra, paragraph four of the syllabus.
                                                                                     -5-

         {¶9}   Before proceeding to Appellant's argument, it is clear that Appellant

cannot prevail on appeal due to his failure to challenge all the aspects of the trial

court's judgment. R.C. 3107.07(A) grants the probate court two options for finding

that a natural parent's consent is not needed for an adoption petition to be granted.

The first is failure of the parent to maintain more than de minimis contact with the

child.   The second is failure of the parent to provide maintenance and support.

These options are presented as alternative rationales for finding that the parent's

consent is not necessary: “According to the statute, either a lack of contact or a lack

of support can relieve the petitioner from having to obtain the parent's consent.” In re

J.D.T., 7th Dist. No. 11 HA 10, 2012-Ohio-4537, ¶10; see also, In re Adoption of

T.R.S., 7th Dist. No. 13 BE 43, 2014-Ohio-3808.         Rachel testified that, prior to

Christmas of 2014, the child had not received any money, cards, or gifts from

Appellant since Rachel ended her relationship with him in 2009.            (Tr., p. 54.)

Appellant agreed, and admitted this was true in his own testimony. (Tr., p. 127.) The

record fully supports that Appellant did not provide maintenance and support, and

Appellant does not appeal this evidence or the court's conclusion.        As we have

previously concluded: “Since Appellant does not challenge the court's finding that he

failed to provide maintenance and support and the record supports the court's

finding, Appellant cannot prevail on appeal.” Id. at ¶13.

         {¶10} Even if there existed a possible basis for granting Appellant relief on

appeal, the record does not support Appellant's argument. Appellant admitted at the

adoption hearing that he had not communicated with or supported the child from
                                                                                     -6-

sometime in 2010 until Christmas of 2014.        (Tr., p. 127.)    His reasons for not

communicating with the child varied. He first stated that he did not feel welcome due

to arguments he had with Rachel while they were together. (Tr., p. 102.) Then he

stated that he did not visit the child because Rachel told him he was unsuitable for a

visitation with the child. (Tr., p. 103.) He also stated that he was reluctant to ask to

see the child because he had been rejected so many times. (Tr., p. 106.) He was

vague about how many times he actually asked to see the child, and admitted that he

had never made any specific arrangement to visit. (Tr., p. 105.)

      {¶11} Appellant submitted a document purportedly containing a message he

received from Rachel on July 6, 2010, sent through the social media website

“Facebook,” in which Rachel appears to respond to a text message request for

visitation. The message or text that provoked the response from Rachel was not

submitted as evidence. Rachel was unwilling to set up a meeting based on a random

text message request, although she was not entirely against such a meeting in the

future. The message did contain some insults directed toward Appellant.

      {¶12} Appellant also produced a document purportedly containing a series of

text messages between himself and Rachel from January 14, 2012. In the document

it is not clear who is sending or receiving the messages, and much of the

conversation or exchanges between the parties appears to be missing. In the text

messages, Appellant supposedly asked Rachel to relay a birthday greeting to the

child, and Rachel replied that she probably would not relay this message. (Tr., Exh.
                                                                                       -7-

B.)   There are insulting comments directed toward Appellant throughout the

document.

       {¶13} Appellant's testimony and these two documents comprise all of the

evidence presented in Appellant's favor regarding the justification for failure to

communicate with the child.

       {¶14} Rachel testified that Appellant had not seen the child since 2010. She

testified that she made arrangements for Appellant to see the child in 2009, but that

he did not show up or give any explanation for his failure to keep to the appointment.

(Tr., p. 50.) She testified that she did not recall that Appellant made any requests to

see the child since 2010. She stated that she encourages the child to maintain a

relationship with Appellant's parents. She denied refusing to allow Appellant to visit

the child based on any anger toward him. She stated that, other than a conversation

on January 6, 2010, Appellant did not ask to see the child. (Tr., p. 68.) She stated

that if Appellant had presented himself at the child's birthday party in 2012, she would

have allowed him to attend.

       {¶15} Based on the evidence in the record, there is no basis to overturn the

trial court's decision regarding the lack of justification for Appellant's failure to have

more than de minimis contact with the child. The record indicates that Appellant

made no attempt, or almost no attempt, to communicate with the child after 2010,

and that Rachel was willing for communication or even visitation to take place. It is

apparent that Appellant took no legal action to obtain visitation and he presents no

explanation or justification for this failure, either.    The written documents that
                                                                                        -8-

Appellant produced were confusing, incomplete and inconclusive. The documents

contain no evidence that Appellant was prevented from attempting to communicate

with or visit the child. In fact, both documents show some willingness on Rachel's

part to allow communication, just not on the terms presented by Appellant. The trial

court was in the best position to weigh the parties' testimony, and the court did not

believe Appellant.    The manifest weight of the evidence supports the trial court

judgment, and Appellant's assignment of error is overruled.

                                       Conclusion

       {¶16} Appellant has challenged the probate court's ruling that his consent was

not required for the adoption of A.M.G. to proceed. Appellant is objecting to only one

part of the court's ruling: namely, that he failed to have more than de minimis contact

with the child in the year prior to the filing of the adoption petition. Since Appellant is

not challenging the alternative basis for the court's judgment, that Appellant also

failed to provide maintenance and support for the child, Appellant cannot prevail on

appeal.   In addition, the record fully supports the trial court's conclusion as to

Appellant’s failure to contact the child.        Appellant admitted that he did not

communicate with the child, and the weight of the evidence shows that the child's

mother did not prevent communication.          Appellant's sole assignment of error is

overruled and the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.


Donofrio, P.J., concurs.

DeGenaro, J., concurs.
