                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 18-2206
                              Filed March 20, 2019


IN THE INTEREST OF S.D.,
Minor Child,

L.W., Father,
       Appellant.
________________________________________________________________


       Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Joseph W. Seidlin,

District Associate Judge.



       A father appeals the termination of his parental rights to his child.

AFFIRMED.



       Jacob L. Mason of JL Mason Law, PLLC, Des Moines, for appellant father.

       Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Meredith L. Lamberti, Assistant

Attorney General, for appellee State.

       Charles Fuson of Youth Law Center, Des Moines, guardian ad litem for

minor child.



       Considered by Vogel, C.J., and Doyle and Mullins, JJ.
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DOYLE, Judge.

          A father appeals the juvenile court order terminating his parental rights to

his child. He alleges the State violated his procedural due process rights by failing

to provide him notice of the child in need of assistance (CINA) proceedings after

he informed the Iowa Department of Human Services (DHS) that he was the child’s

father. He also challenges the grounds for terminating his parental rights. We

review his claims de novo. See In re A.S., 906 N.W.2d 467, 472 (Iowa 2018).

          The father was in a relationship with the child’s mother in 2015. The father

learned the mother was pregnant approximately one month after their relationship

ended and believed he was likely the child’s father. After the father learned of the

child’s birth some weeks after the fact, he saw the child “maybe a couple of times

a week or whenever [the mother] would let me again.”

          The State removed the child from the mother’s care in October 2017 and

initiated CINA proceedings. At that time, the father was living in Arizona and had

not had any contact with the child since moving out of state. The State never

notified the father of the CINA proceedings because another man was listed as the

father on the child’s birth certificate and the mother identified that man as the child’s

father.

          The father was living in Missouri in March 2018 when he called the mother

and learned the child was in the custody of the DHS. The father contacted the

DHS in Polk County to inform them that he was the child’s father. The DHS

initiated paternity testing to exclude the putative father as the child’s father. The

DHS asked the father to submit to paternity testing, which confirmed he is the

child’s father.        The State filed a petition to terminate parental rights to the
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child in August 2018. Shortly thereafter, the State received the results of the

father’s paternity test and amended the petition to include him. The father was

then served by certified mail with the petition to terminate parental rights, original

notice, order fixing time of termination hearing, and other papers. The termination

hearing was held before the father returned a completed affidavit requesting

appointment of counsel, and the father did not appear at the hearing. After the

hearing, the court appointed counsel to represent the father, and the father filed a

motion to reopen the record. The juvenile court granted the motion and scheduled

a second hearing.

       At the time of the second termination hearing, the father was living in

Missouri and serving a five-year term of probation resulting from a March 2018

domestic assault incident. The father requires permission from his probation

officer before he can leave the state. He still had not seen or corresponded with

the child or made inquiry with the DHS about doing so.

       The father argues the State violated his procedural due process rights by

failing to add him as a party to the CINA proceedings after he gave notice of being

the child’s father. Based on this failure, he argues the juvenile court was without

jurisdiction to terminate his parental rights. The State counters by citing the “long

standing precedent” of this court that failure to include a parent in a CINA

proceeding does not preclude termination of parental rights.        See, e.g., In re

M.L.M., 464 N.W.2d 688, 689 (Iowa Ct. App. 1990) (affirming termination of a

father’s parental rights based on father’s abandonment of the child despite the

State’s failure to notify the father of the CINA action). But see In re J.C., No. 18-

1514, 2018 WL 6719418, at *3 (Iowa Ct. App. Dec. 19, 2018) (“The agency’s failure
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to notify the father of the child-in-need-of-assistance proceedings prevented him

from being heard in the child-in-need-of-assistance action and rendered the

proceeding void as to him.”). Regardless, the father did not raise his due-process

claim below. See Meier v. Senecaut, 641 N.W.2d 532, 537 (Iowa 2002) (“It is a

fundamental doctrine of appellate review that issues must ordinarily be both raised

and decided by the district court before we will decide them on appeal.”).

Accordingly, the father failed to preserve the issue for our review. See In re K.C.,

660 N.W.2d 29, 38 (Iowa 2003) (finding parents waived procedural due process

claim by failing to raise objection before the juvenile court, noting that “[e]ven

issues implicating constitutional rights must be presented to and ruled upon by the

district court in order to preserve error for appeal”).

       The father also asserts the State failed to prove the grounds for terminating

his parental rights. Under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(b) (2018), the juvenile

court may terminate parental rights if it “finds that there is clear and convincing

evidence that the child has been abandoned or deserted.” A parent abandons a

child by relinquishing or surrendering “the parental rights, duties, or privileges

inherent in the parent-child relationship.” Iowa Code § 232.2(1). Abandonment is

not required to occur over any particular period of time, but proof of abandonment

must include “both the intention to abandon and the acts by which the intention is

evidenced.” Id. A parent deserts a child by relinquishing or surrendering “the

parental rights, duties, or privileges inherent in the parent-child relationship” “for a

period in excess of six months.” Id. § 232.2(14). “Proof of desertion need not

include the intention to desert, but is evidenced by the lack of attempted contact

with the child or by only incidental contact with the child.” Id.
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       The district court found that although the father was aware of the child’s

birth, he took no action to enforce or claim any parental rights to the child. He then

moved out of the state and failed to maintain contact with the child. The court

noted that regardless of any efforts the father made after learning the child was in

the custody of the DHS in March 2018,

       the fact remains that other than seeing the child occasionally for a
       few months in 2016, and attempting some phone calls or texts or
       Facebook contacts with the child’s mother, [the father] took no action
       to assert or claim any parental rights, or to take on any of the duties
       or responsibilities that would make him a parent to [the child] for the
       first 26 months of the child’s life.

It concluded that those few efforts the father made early in the child’s life “simply

do not represent a continuing interest in the child and a genuine effort to maintain

communication and association with the child” and that “[b]y March, 2018, the

abandonment had already occurred.”

       Clear and convincing evidence supports the finding that the father

abandoned or deserted the child. Accordingly, we affirm the termination of his

parental rights pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(b).

       AFFIRMED.
