                                                                                               03/07/2017


                                          DA 15-0051
                                                                                           Case Number: DA 15-0051

              IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
                                          2017 MT 53N



STATE OF MONTANA,

               Plaintiff and Appellee,

         v.

DONNIE DORRELL NOLAN,

               Defendant and Appellant.


APPEAL FROM:           District Court of the Thirteenth Judicial District,
                       In and For the County of Yellowstone, Cause No. DC 13-901
                       Honorable G. Todd Baugh, Presiding Judge


COUNSEL OF RECORD:

                For Appellant:

                       Chad Wright, Chief Appellate Defender, Chad R. Vanisko, Assistant
                       Appellate Defender, Helena, Montana

                For Appellee:

                       Timothy C. Fox, Montana Attorney General, Jonathan M. Krauss,
                       Assistant Attorney General, Helena, Montana

                       Scott D. Twito, Yellowstone County Attorney, Ingrid Rosenquist, Deputy
                       County Attorney, Billings, Montana



                                                   Submitted on Briefs: February 8, 2017

                                                              Decided: March 7, 2017


Filed:

                       __________________________________________
                                         Clerk
Justice Jim Rice delivered the Opinion of the Court.

¶1     Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating

Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion and shall not be cited and does not

serve as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this

Court’s quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana

Reports.

¶2     Defendant Donnie Nolan appeals from his conviction for failure to register

as a violent offender, a felony. Violent offenders must register pursuant to §§ 46-23-503,

-504(1), MCA (2011).1 Then, “[i]f an offender required to register under this part has a

change of . . . residence . . . the offender shall within 3 business days of the change

appear in person and give notification of the change to the . . . [appropriate] registration

agency.” Section 46-23-505(1), MCA.

¶3     In 1996, Nolan was convicted of felony robbery in Atlanta, Georgia, and he was

required to register as a violent offender while living in Montana pursuant to the Montana

Sexual and Violent Offender Registration Act. In October 2011, following his release on

parole in Montana on an unrelated offense, Nolan completed an information form that

denoted he was required to register as a violent offender in compliance with Title 46,

chapter 23, MCA. Nolan registered his address as 225 Jackson Street, Billings, Montana.

Over the next two years, according to records maintained by the Yellowstone County



1
   Unless otherwise noted, all references to the Montana Code Annotated refer to the 2011
version.
                                          2
Sheriff’s Office (YCSO), Nolan updated that address to reflect a trip out of town, a move

to another address, and his return to 225 Jackson Street.

¶4     On May 7, 2013, Nolan entered into a rental contract and began to occupy a

residence at 706 Avenue C, Billings, Montana. Nolan did not register the 706 Avenue C

address with the YCSO. As a result, he was charged with “knowingly fail[ing] to register

as a sexual or violent offender, verify said registration, or keep said registration current”

in violation of §§ 46-23-504 to 46-23-507, MCA. Nolan raised a constitutional objection

in the District Court to § 46-23-504(4)(a), MCA, arguing that the language providing that

the registration agency “may require” registration of additional residences is vague and,

as such, unconstitutional. The District Court denied his motion, but conducted the trial,

with the parties’ consent, on the question of whether Nolan had abandoned his residence

at 225 Jackson Street when moving to 706 Avenue C:

       THE COURT [to Nolan]: You’re going to have all of your constitutional
       rights at trial. And the jury’s going to basically, as near as I can tell, have
       about one question to answer: Did he move, or did he just pick up an
       additional residence?

¶5     At trial, the prosecution argued that Nolan abandoned his prior residence at 225

Jackson Street and moved to a new location, thus requiring that he update his registration

in accordance with § 46-23-505(1), MCA. Nolan’s defense was that he simply acquired

an additional residence, while also maintaining the prior one, and, thus, was not required

to register the second address based on the statutory language that the registering agency

only “may require” registering the additional address, and he was not so requested by

YCSO, a fact which the State did not contest.
                                          3
¶6     During the settling of jury instructions, the District Court reiterated:

       The only way that you’re convicted, Mr. Nolan, if I understand it, is if the
       jury believes that you moved from . . . Jackson to Avenue C without
       retaining a residence at . . . Jackson. If the – if the jury believes that you
       moved from one place, abandoned it, moved to another place, they’re going
       to convict you.

The District Court gave instructions reflecting this understanding, and defense counsel

argued to the jury:

       Absent an affirmative request, Donnie had no obligation to provide all
       addresses. Donnie cannot be found criminally responsible for failing to
       provide information that was never requested. The State has failed to prove
       beyond a reasonable doubt that Donnie abandoned his Jackson Street
       address.

After deliberations, the jury found Nolan guilty of one count of failure to register as a

violent offender.

¶7     On appeal, Nolan argues the District Court erred in denying his motion to dismiss

that challenged the constitutionality of § 46-23-504(4)(a), MCA. The State responds that

Nolan waived this argument in the manner he tried the case, but that, in any event, the

District Court avoided Nolan’s constitutional objection by instructing the jury that if it

found Nolan had two residences and had not abandoned his prior home, he was not

guilty, but if it found that he had abandoned his prior residence, he was guilty of violating

§ 46-23-505(1), MCA, and not § 46-23-504(4)(a), MCA.

¶8     “The denial of a motion to dismiss in a criminal case presents a question of law,

which this Court reviews de novo.” State v. Betterman, 2015 MT 39, ¶ 11, 378 Mont.

182, 342 P.3d 971 (citation omitted).

                                           4
¶9     We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c) of

our Internal Operating Rules, which provides for noncitable memorandum opinions. The

District Court’s interpretation and application of the law were correct.

¶10    Affirmed.2



                                                    /S/ JIM RICE


We concur:

/S/ LAURIE McKINNON
/S/ BETH BAKER
/S/ MICHAEL E WHEAT
/S/ DIRK M. SANDEFUR




2
   We commend the District Court, Hon. G. Todd Baugh presiding, for the long patience and
courtesy it extended during the trial in this case. The transcript demonstrates that the Defendant
was continually disruptive, including interrupting hearings with comments, singing, and cell
phone conversations, but that the District Court was calm and deliberative throughout the
proceeding.
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