MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                   FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                               Dec 06 2019, 9:13 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any                                CLERK
court except for the purpose of establishing                         Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                        Court of Appeals
the defense of res judicata, collateral                                   and Tax Court


estoppel, or the law of the case.


ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                   ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Leanna Weissmann                                         Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Lawrenceburg, Indiana                                    Attorney General of Indiana
                                                         Katherine A. Cornelius
                                                         Deputy Attorney General
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana



                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In the Matter of the: D.B., K.B.,                        December 6, 2019
K.C., and M.C. (Minor Child)                             Court of Appeals Case No.
Children in Need of Services,                            19A-JC-1510
and                                                      Appeal from the Decatur Circuit
                                                         Court
S.O. (Mother),                                           The Honorable Timothy Day,
Appellant-Respondent,                                    Judge
                                                         Trial Court Cause No.
        v.                                               16C01-1812-JC-453
                                                         16C01-1812-JC-454
The Indiana Department of                                16C01-1812-JC-455
                                                         16C01-1812-JC-456
Child Services,
Appellee-Petitioner.



Tavitas, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1510 | December 6, 2019             Page 1 of 13
                                                  Case Summary

[1]   S.O. (“Mother”) appeals the trial court’s order adjudicating Mother’s four

      minor children, D.B., K.B., K.C., and M.C. (collectively, the “Children”) as

      children in need of services (“CHINS”). We affirm.


                                                          Issue

[2]   Mother raises one issue, which we restate as whether the evidence is sufficient

      to adjudicate the Children as CHINS.


                                                          Facts

[3]   Mother is the parent of D.B., who was born in January 2009; K.B., who was

      born in September 2011; K.C., who was born in June 2014; and M.C., who was

      born in October 2017. M.C. (“Father”) is the father of K.C. and M.C., and

      Da.B. is the father of D.B. and K.B. 1


[4]   On October 29, 2018, Mother was driving with infant M.C. in the vehicle when

      Mother reached down to pick up a baby bottle off the vehicle’s floor. Mother

      drove off the side of the road and hit a tree. M.C. was uninjured in the crash,

      but Mother sustained lacerations to her face, three fractures to her neck, and

      four fractures to her right hip. Mother’s drug screen at the hospital was positive

      for methamphetamine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids. Mother admitted to




      1
        Although the order on the CHINS fact-finding hearing identifies Da.B. as the father of K.B., some of the
      records presented to us identify Father as the father of K.B, and some of the records do not identify the father
      of K.B.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1510 | December 6, 2019                   Page 2 of 13
      smoking marijuana and claimed that a friend must have laced the marijuana

      with methamphetamine without her knowledge. After the accident, Mother

      was prescribed hydrocodone as a result of her injuries. Mother was not charged

      criminally after the accident.


[5]   On November 28, 2018, Mother entered into an informal adjustment with the

      Decatur County Department of Child Services (“DCS”) to address her

      parenting skills and drug usage. Mother agreed to participate in random drug

      screens, a parenting assessment, and a substance abuse assessment. At that

      time, the family was living with a grandmother while Father worked twelve-

      hour shifts, five or six days a week.


[6]   The family then moved into their own apartment ten miles away from the

      grandmother, leaving Mother alone with the Children for long periods of time.

      Concerns over the move and lack of supervision prompted DCS to file a

      petition on December 28, 2018, alleging that the Children were CHINS. DCS

      alleged:


              A. [Mother] was admitted to Methodist Hospital on 10/29/2018
              after a motor vehicle accident. [M.C.] was in the vehicle at the
              time of the accident; however, [M.C.] was not injured.


              B. [Mother’s] urine drug screen at the hospital was positive for
              methamphetamine, amphetamines and cannabinoids.


              C. She admitted to using marijuana the weekend prior; however,
              reported the methamphetamine must have been in the “joint” she
              smoked, as she denied methamphetamine use.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1510 | December 6, 2019   Page 3 of 13
              D. [Da.B.], father of [D.B.], appears unable or unwilling to
              protect the children without court intervention.


              E. [Father], father of [K.B.]; father of [M.C.]; father of [K.C.]
              appears unable or unwilling to protect the children without court
              intervention.


      Appellant’s App. Vol. II pp. 27-28.


[7]   Mother’s compliance with random drug screens through a service provider was

      inconsistent. In March 2019, Mother started participating in the drug screens at

      the DCS office. In February 2019, Mother tested positive for

      methamphetamine and buprenorphine. In March 2019, Mother tested positive

      for unprescribed oxycodone. Mother continued testing positive for

      hydrocodone, which she was prescribed. Mother did not start therapy with

      Centerstone until March 2019. At the time of the fact-finding hearing, Mother

      had only attended three treatment sessions.


[8]   The family case manager attempted to obtain a drug screen from Mother the

      week before the fact-finding hearing, and Mother “begged [him] not to come

      back, and said she would go to Greensburg on Friday to test.” Tr. Vol. I p. 49.

      Although he usually receives drug test results back within two days, the family

      case manager did not receive any results from the test Mother was supposed to

      obtain. When asked at the hearing how long she had “been clean,” Mother

      responded: “I would say at least a month. I have mess ups but that was like

      maybe six - - six weeks ago.” Id. at 24.



      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1510 | December 6, 2019   Page 4 of 13
[9]   A fact-finding hearing was held on April 18, 2019. At the end of the fact-

      finding hearing, the trial court stated:


              You have this severe accident. You’re hurt severely. And you’re
              told by some hospital staff, ultimately DCS, how you tested
              positive for meth. You would think that that traumatic event
              would be enough. If you’re inclined to get over a drug - a
              substance abuse issue that should do it, but after that traumatic
              event, you tested positive for meth again.


              You’ve tested positive for Suboxone that I have not heard you
              have a prescription for.


              You’ve tested positive for Oxycodone which I don’t know
              whether the hydrocodone can give you a false positive for that or
              not, but I haven’t heard you have a prescription for Oxycodone.


              I’m not holding against you in any way the hydrocodone. You
              have a prescription for that.


              But without DCS’s intervention, you weren’t in drug treatment
              before they intervened. You weren’t at Centerstone. You
              weren’t seeing anyone to try to address a potential problem. And
              even after they got involved, in other words, you knew you were
              going to get drug screened. You knew that your kids were at
              issue, that someone was watching you. You still tested positive
              in February for meth. That’s concerning just simply because,
              you know, people that don’t have a problem can’t overcome it
              when they know, okay, I need to do something here.


              People that do have a problem in the face of all this adversity, the
              bad wreck you had, the injuries you had, DCS - obviously, DCS
              means, I can lose my kids, staring you in the face, you still found


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1510 | December 6, 2019   Page 5 of 13
               your way to test positive for these drugs that you don’t have a
               prescription for.


               So I feel like you do need services and I feel like without the
               course of intervention of the Court, you won’t. And I feel like
               you’re getting the things - I mean, you’re doing exactly what you
               need to do right now. I just don’t have any guarantee you’ll
               continue to do them, because these were initiated by DCS.


                                                    *****


               I can’t sit here and tell you that the meth caused your accident.
               All I’m saying is that should have been your wakeup call right
               there, and it apparently hasn’t been because you’re continuing to
               test positive for illegal substances. And again, you’ve got –I –
               kind of my theory is that the hydrocodone somewhat substitutes
               for meth, and maybe that’s why you’re a bit able to not do the
               meth for short periods of time, but you do have a drug that you
               have a prescription for.


               When that runs out, who knows what’s going to happen. And I
               want – I feel like the DCS needs to be involved when that
               prescription expires to make sure that you’re not going to
               substitute something else.


               So for that reason, I’m going to find that the children are CHINS.
               I’ll adjudicate them as such.


       Tr. Vol. I pp. 61-63.


[10]   The trial court then entered findings of fact and conclusions of law that the

       Children were CHINS. The trial court found:



       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1510 | December 6, 2019   Page 6 of 13
               1. That [Mother’s] continued drug use is affecting the children.


               2. [Da.B.], father of [D.B. and K.B.], is unable [to] protect the
               children without court intervention.


               3. [Father] of [M.C. and K.C.] is unable to protect the children
               without court intervention.


       Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 67. After a dispositional hearing, the trial court

       entered a dispositional order. Mother now appeals.


                                                    Analysis

[11]   Mother argues that the evidence is insufficient to conclude that the Children are

       CHINS. CHINS proceedings are civil actions; thus, “the State must prove by a

       preponderance of the evidence that a child is a CHINS as defined by the

       juvenile code.” In re N.E., 919 N.E.2d 102, 105 (Ind. 2010). On review, we

       neither reweigh the evidence nor judge the credibility of the witnesses. In re

       K.D., 962 N.E.2d 1249, 1253 (Ind. 2012). Here, the trial court entered findings

       of fact and conclusions of law in granting DCS’s CHINS petition. When

       reviewing findings of fact and conclusions of law, we apply a two-tiered

       standard of review. First, we determine whether the evidence supports the

       findings, and second, we determine whether the findings support the

       judgment. In re I.A., 934 N.E.2d 1127, 1132 (Ind. 2010). We will set aside the

       trial court’s judgment only if it is clearly erroneous. Id. A judgment is clearly

       erroneous if the findings do not support the trial court’s conclusions or the

       conclusions do not support the judgment. Id.


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1510 | December 6, 2019   Page 7 of 13
[12]   There are three elements DCS must prove for a juvenile court to adjudicate a

       child a CHINS. K.D., 962 N.E.2d at 1253. DCS must prove: (1) the child is

       under the age of eighteen; (2) that one of eleven different statutory

       circumstances exist that would make the child a CHINS; and (3) the child

       needs care, treatment, or rehabilitation that he or she is not receiving and is

       unlikely to be provided or accepted without the coercive intervention of the

       court. Id.


[13]   In this case, DCS alleged the children were CHINS under the general category

       of neglect as defined in Indiana Code Section 31-34-1-1. The statute provides:


               A child is a child in need of services if before the child becomes
               eighteen (18) years of age:


               (1) the child’s physical or mental condition is seriously impaired
               or seriously endangered as a result of the inability, refusal, or
               neglect of the child’s parent, guardian, or custodian to supply the
               child with necessary food, clothing, shelter, medical care,
               education, or supervision:


                        (A) when the parent, guardian, or custodian is financially
                        able to do so; or


                        (B) due to the failure, refusal, or inability of the parent,
                        guardian, or custodian to seek financial or other
                        reasonable means to do so; and


               (2) the child needs care, treatment, or rehabilitation that:


                        (A) the child is not receiving; and

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1510 | December 6, 2019   Page 8 of 13
                        (B) is unlikely to be provided or accepted without the
                        coercive intervention of the court.


[14]   “[T]he purpose of a CHINS adjudication is to protect children, not [to] punish

       parents.” N.E., 919 N.E.2d at 106. A CHINS adjudication is not a

       determination of parental fault but rather is a determination that a child is in

       need of services and is unlikely to receive those services without intervention of

       the court. Id. at 105. “A CHINS adjudication focuses on the condition of the

       child . . . . [T]he acts or omissions of one parent can cause a condition that

       creates the need for court intervention.” Id. (citations omitted).


                                      A. Endangerment of the Children

[15]   The first section of Indiana Code Section 31-34-1-1(1) provides that DCS must

       prove:


                the child’s physical or mental condition is seriously impaired or
                seriously endangered as a result of the inability, refusal, or
                neglect of the child’s parent, guardian, or custodian to supply the
                child with necessary food, clothing, shelter, medical care,
                education, or supervision; . . . .


[16]   Mother argues that DCS failed to demonstrate any child endangerment in this

       case. According to Mother, there is no evidence that her motor vehicle accident

       was caused by her drug usage. Mother contends that there is no evidence that

       she has “a drug habit let alone that an addiction impacted her children.”

       Appellant’s Br. p. 13.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1510 | December 6, 2019   Page 9 of 13
[17]   DCS presented evidence that, in October 2018, Mother was involved in a motor

       vehicle accident with infant M.C. in the vehicle. Mother reached for a baby

       bottle on the floor of the vehicle, ran off the road, hit a tree, and was severely

       injured. At the time, Mother tested positive for methamphetamine,

       amphetamines, and cannabinoids. Despite services provided by DCS under an

       informal adjustment, Mother tested positive for methamphetamine and

       buprenorphine in February 2019 and for oxycodone in March 2019. 2 Mother’s

       participation in random drug screening was inconsistent. Even a week before

       the fact-finding hearing, Mother begged the family case manager not to return

       to her house to perform a drug screen.


[18]   It is clear that Mother’s conduct put M.C. at significant risk, and Mother

       continues to test positive for illegal substances, which further places the

       Children at risk. Mother’s argument is merely a request that we reweigh the

       evidence, which we cannot do. DCS presented sufficient evidence to

       demonstrate that the Children’s physical or mental condition is seriously

       endangered. The trial court’s finding is not clearly erroneous. See, e.g., In re

       J.L., 919 N.E.2d 561, 564 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009) (affirming a trial court’s CHINS

       finding where the mother used illegal substances while the child was sleeping).




       2
        Mother claims in her Appellant’s Brief that, “[b]etween the October accident and the May fact-finding
       hearing, Mother had one positive drug screen for a non-prescribed substance.” Appellant’s Br. p. 6. DCS,
       however, presented evidence that Mother tested positive for methamphetamine and buprenorphine in
       February 2019 and for oxycodone in March 2019.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1510 | December 6, 2019             Page 10 of 13
                                          B. Coercive Intervention

[19]   The second section of Indiana Code Section 31-34-1-1(2) states that DCS must

       prove:


                the child needs care, treatment, or rehabilitation that:


                        (A) the child is not receiving; and


                        (B) is unlikely to be provided or accepted without the
                        coercive intervention of the court.


       This element “guards against unwarranted State interference in family life,

       reserving that intrusion for families ‘where parents lack the ability to provide for

       their children,’ not merely where they ‘encounter difficulty in meeting a child’s

       needs.’” In re D.J. v. Indiana Dept. of Child Services, 68 N.E.3d 574, 580 (Ind.

       2017) (quoting In re S.D., 2 N.E.3d 1283, 1287 (Ind. 2014)) (emphasis supplied).

       When considering this requirement, “courts should consider the family’s

       condition not just when the case was filed, but also when it is heard.” D.J., 68

       N.E.3d at 580 (quotations omitted). “Doing so avoids punishing parents for

       past mistakes when they have already corrected them.” Id. at 581.


[20]   According to Mother, DCS failed to prove that the children’s needs are unmet.

       Mother argues that, “[a]t no time between October 2018 and May 2019 . . . did

       anyone ever notice Mother neglecting the children’s needs.” Appellant’s Br. p.

       14. Mother further argues that coercive interference is unnecessary because the

       CHINS petition was only filed because the family moved out of the


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1510 | December 6, 2019   Page 11 of 13
       grandmother’s residence. Mother contends that the trial court’s decision was

       based on suppositions that she might turn into a drug addict.


[21]   The family moved out of the grandmother’s residence during the informal

       adjustment, which left Mother unsupervised with the Children for long periods

       of time while Father worked. DCS was appropriately concerned with the

       situation based on Mother’s repeated positive drug test results. Despite a

       serious accident that severely injured Mother and seriously endangered M.C.,

       Mother has continued to test positive for illegal or unprescribed substances,

       including methamphetamine, buprenorphine, and oxycodone. The trial court’s

       decision was not based merely on suppositions that Mother would turn to

       illegal substances after her prescription for hydrocodone expired.


[22]   DCS also presented evidence that, despite her positive drug tests in October

       2018 after the accident and in February 2019, Mother did not begin addiction

       services until March 2019, after the CHINS proceedings were initiated. At the

       time of the fact-finding hearing, Mother had attended only three counseling

       sessions. The trial court believed that, without court intervention, Mother

       would not continue with the services. Mother’s argument to the contrary is

       merely a request that we reweigh the evidence, which we cannot do.


[23]   DCS presented sufficient evidence that the Children need care, treatment, or

       rehabilitation that they are not receiving and that is unlikely to be provided or

       accepted without the coercive intervention of the court. The trial court’s

       finding is not clearly erroneous.


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1510 | December 6, 2019   Page 12 of 13
                                                  Conclusion

[24]   The evidence is sufficient to prove that the Children are CHINS. We affirm.


       Brown, J., and Altice, J., concur.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JC-1510 | December 6, 2019   Page 13 of 13
