                           UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT

                                 _________________________

                                        No. 01-30605
                                   SUMMARY CALENDAR
                                 _________________________

                               BASE METAL TRADING, LTD.,

                                                     Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                                v.

               OJSC "NOVOKUZKETSKY" ALUMINUM FACTORY; ET AL.,

                                                     Defendants,

                            TRANS-WORLD (ALUMINUM), INC.,

                                                     Defendant-Appellee

______________________________________________________________________________

                  Appeal from the United States District Court for the
                             Eastern District of Louisiana
                                   (00-CV-2236-F)
______________________________________________________________________________
                                 December 19, 2001
Before REYNALDO G. GARZA, JOLLY, and WIENER, Circuit Judges.

REYNALDO G. GARZA, Circuit Judge:1

       In this appeal, we review a district court's award of attorneys' fees under Louisiana law.

For the following reasons, we find no error. Accordingly, we affirm the award.




       1
        Pursuant to 5th Cir. R. 47.5, the Court has determined that this opinion should not be
published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5th Cir. R.
47.5.4.
                                                 I.

       In December 1999, Appellant Base Metal Trading, Ltd. ("Base Metal"), obtained an

arbitration award against Defendant, OJSC "Novokuzketsky" Aluminum Factory ("NKAZ"), in

the Commercial Arbitration Court of Moscow Chamber of Commerce and Industry. On July 30,

2000, Base Metal filed a complaint against NKAZ in the Eastern District of Louisiana to enforce

the arbitration award and obtained from the court a writ to attach cargo allegedly manufactured

by NKAZ. The cargo was attached on August 1.

       Appellee, Trans-World (Aluminum), Inc. ("TWA"), claimed ownership of the cargo and

challenged the attachment. Through the New York law firm of Curtiss-Mallet, Prevost, Colt &

Mosle, L.L.P., TWA provided Base Metal with documentation of TWA's ownership and tried to

handle the matter without litigation. When amicability failed, TWA hired the New Orleans law

firm of Lemle & Kelleher, L.L.P., as local counsel and authorized it to effect a release of the

cargo as soon as possible. Because the cargo was to be delivered to a warehouse in Kentucky,

time was of the essence,.

       Through its local counsel, TWA filed a motion in the Eastern District of Louisiana to

dissolve the writ of attachment and to assess damages for what it claims was a wrongful

attachment. On August 11, 2000, Base Metal voluntarily released the cargo. The district court

later held that the attachment had been wrongful under Louisiana law and that Article 3506 of the

Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure entitled TWA to damages. The district judge then referred the

case to the magistrate to determine the amount of the damages.

       In her original report and recommendation, the magistrate judge set TWA's fees and costs

at $19,607.65. Base Metal filed a motion to alter or amend the report and recommendation,


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arguing that it contained miscalculations in TWA's award. The magistrate court corrected the

miscalculations in a supplemental report and recommendation and reduced TWA's attorneys' fees

to $19,514.65. The district court then approved both the original and supplemental reports and

recommendations and awarded $19,514.65 in fees and costs to TWA. From that decision, Base

Metal appeals.

                                                    II.

        When reviewing a district court's assessment of attorneys' fees, this Court is bound to

clearly established standards of review. The district courts have broad discretion in determining

the appropriate award for attorneys' fees, and this Court will normally review the award for abuse

of discretion. See Volk v. Gonzalez, 262 F.3d 528, 534 (5th Cir. 2001); Gold, Weems, Bruser,

Sues & Rundell v. Metal Sales Mfg. Corp., 236 F.3d 214, 219 (5th Cir. 2000); Riley v. City of

Jackson, 99 F.3d 757, 759 (5th Cir. 1996); Watkins v. Fordice, 7 F.3d 453, 457 (5th Cir. 1993).

We review the supporting factual findings for clear error and the supporting conclusions of law de

novo. Volk, 262 F.3d at 534; Gold, 236 F.3d at 216–17, 219; Riley, 99 F.3d at 759.

        The attorneys' fees awarded here were determined by the reports and recommendations of

a magistrate court. Under Douglass v. United Services Automobile Association, 79 F.3d 1415

(5th Cir. 1996) (en banc), a party that fails to file written objections to the proposed findings,

conclusions, and recommendations in a magistrate judge's report and recommendation shall be

barred from appealing those findings, conclusions, and recommendations, except upon grounds of

plain error. Id. at 1428–29. Under the plain error standard of review, this Court may correct an

error not raised at trial if (1) there is an error; (2) the error is plain; and (3) the error affects

substantial rights. Oden v. Oktibbeha County, 246 F.3d 458, 466 (5th Cir. 2001) (citing Johnson


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v. United States, 507 U.S. 725, 732 (1997)). "If plain error exists, this Court should not exercise

its discretion to correct the error unless 'the error seriously affects the fairness, integrity or public

reputation of judicial proceedings.'" Oden, 246 F.3d at 466 (quoting Johnson, 507 U.S. at 732).

        TWA argues that Base Metal failed to file written objections to the magistrate court's

reports and recommendations and that this Court should review the attorneys' fees award only for

plain error. Base Metal did, however, file a motion to alter or amend the original report and

recommendation, and it argues that this Court should treat its motion to alter or amend as a

written objection. Accordingly, Base Metal urges this Court to apply the more typical clear error

standard. Because we conclude that the district court committed no error whatsoever in its

assessment of TWA's attorneys' fees, this Court need not determine which party has proposed the

proper standard of review. Our decision today would be the same under either standard.

                                                   III.

        We apply state law in assessing attorneys' fees awards in state-based claims. See Specialty

Healthcare Mgt., Inc. v. St. Mary Parish Hosp., 220 F.3d 650, 658 (5th Cir. 2000); United States

ex rel. Cal's A/C & Elec. v. Famous Constr. Corp., 220 F.3d 326, 328 (5th Cir. 2000). TWA's

claim for attorneys' fees stems from its claim for wrongful attachment under Louisiana law, and

Article 3506 of the Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure allows an award for attorneys' fees

incurred in curing a wrongful attachment. Thus, Louisiana law governs the attorneys' fees award

in this case.

        In State v. Williamson, 597 So.2d 439 (La. 1992), the Supreme Court of Louisiana

outlined ten factors for the courts to consider when determining the reasonableness of an

attorneys' fees award. Id. at 442. These factors include: "(1) the ultimate result obtained; (2) the


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responsibility incurred; (3) the importance of the litigation; (4) amount of money involved; (5)

extent and character of the work performed; (6) legal knowledge, attainment, and skill of the

attorneys; (7) number of appearances made; (8) intricacies of the facts involved; (9) diligence and

skill of counsel; and (10) the court's own knowledge." Id.

       Base Metal first argues that the district court failed to consider these factors and that the

court considered new, impermissible factors such as "familiarity with the client" and "gathering of

ownership documents." Appellant Br. at 8. We give these arguments short shrift. Even the most

cursory inspection of the original report and recommendation shows a detailed examination of the

Williams factors and a thorough discussion of each in turn. R. at 642–46. Clearly, the magistrate

court considered "familiarity with the client" and "gathering ownership documents" as smaller

pieces of the larger Williams factors.

       An in-depth review of the magistrate court's entire analysis is unnecessary, since Base

Metal's appeal focuses on the fact that some of TWA's New York counsel's effort duplicated the

effort of its New Orleans counsel in effecting the release of the attached cargo. In its original

report and recommendation, the magistrate court determined that there was no duplication of

effort at all from August 2, 2001, the day upon which the New York counsel began working on

the matter, and August 6, the day before the first entry for the New Orleans counsel. R. at 644,

645. The magistrate court also found that TWA had an existing relationship with the New York

firm and that the New Orleans firm, with its expertise in Louisiana law and local procedure and

practices, was engaged only after attempts to convince Base Metal to release the cargo voluntarily

had failed. R. at 644. Given the expediency with which the matter needed to be handled, the

magistrate court found that it was reasonable for TWA to use the two firms and that any


                                                 -5-
duplication of effort that existed from August 6 through the release of the cargo on August 11

was also reasonable. Id.

       Base Metal argues that, whenever there is any duplication of effort, the district court must

reduce attorneys' fees accordingly. This Court has never held that duplication of effort is

unreasonable per se, and Base Metal cites no case law to suggest that a district court must reduce

attorneys' fees when there is duplication. In Walker v. United States HUD, 99 F.3d 761 (5th Cir.

1996), the attorneys for the prevailing parties in a class action were awarded attorneys' fees under

42 U.S.C. § 1988(b). Id. at 766. This Court affirmed the decision on appeal but modified the

award. Id. at 774. Base Metal points to the following language from that decision to argue that

the district court was required to reduce the attorneys' fees to compensate for the duplication of

effort by TWA's New York and New Orleans counsels: "If more than one attorney is involved,

the possibility of duplication of effort along with the proper utilization of time should be

scrutinized. The time of two or three lawyers in a courtroom or conference when one would do,

may obviously be discounted." Id. at 768 (quoting Johnson v. Georgia Highway Express, Inc.,

488 F.2d 714, 717 (5th Cir. 1974)). This rule, however, is permissive and not mandatory. Its

permissiveness reflects the broad discretion that district courts have in assessing attorneys' fees.

See Watkins v. Fordice, 7 F.3d 453, 457 (5th Cir. 1993). The only mandate placed upon the

district court is to determine "whether particular hours claimed were reasonably expended."

Walker, 99 F.3d at 761 (quoting Alberti v. Klevenhagen, 896 F.2d 927, 932 (5th Cir. 1990)).

Thus, a district court is not required to discount the time of two or three lawyers when one would

do if the court determines that there was a legitimate reason to use more than one. In fact, even

after noting that "compensation is sought for more than one attorney's time at depositions,


                                                 -6-
hearings, negotiations, or other activities only if there was a legitimate need for the involvement of

more than one attorney," the Walker Court went on to review each instance of duplication and

found no error in the trial court's decision on those issues. 99 F.3d at 768. Thus, rather than

holding that any duplication of effort requires a reduction in attorneys' fees, Walker held that a

district court has discretion to refuse to reduce attorneys' fees for duplication of effort if the

duplication was not unreasonable.2

        Here, the magistrate court found that any duplication of effort in resolving this matter was

reasonable given that time was of the essence. We can find no error, clear or plain, in the

magistrate's reasoning or in any other part of its analysis under Williams. The district court chose

to approve the findings of the magistrate court and impliedly agreed that any duplication of effort

was reasonable under the circumstances. Again, we find no error, clear or plain, in the district

court's decision to approve the reports and recommendations of the magistrate court.

        Base Metal's remaining argument is that TWA's New York counsel failed to exercise

"billing judgment," which refers to the standard practice of writing off "unproductive, excessive,

or redundant hours." Walker, 99 F.3d at 769–70. This argument is merely an attempt to couch

the duplication argument, which we have already dispatched, under a different theory. For the

same reasons, it too must fail.

                                                  IV.


        2
         For similar reasons, the other cases cited by Base Metal fail to support its argument to
the contrary. See generally Cates v. Sears Roebuck & Co., 928 F.2d 679 (5th Cir. 1991); Lalla v.
City of New Orleans, 161 F.Supp.2d 686 (E.D.La. 2001); Major v. Treen, 700 F.Supp. 1422
(E.D. La. 1988); Moody v. Arabie, 498 So.2d 1081 (La. 1986). Further, although the attorneys'
fees in Walker were assessed pursuant to federal law, Louisiana case law supports the rule that a
duplication of effort between attorneys may be reasonable under certain circumstances. See
Commercial Union Ins. Co. v. James J. Culotta, Inc., 345 So.2d 561, 563 (La. Ct. App. 1977).

                                                  -7-
We AFFIRM the district court's order awarding TWA fees and costs of $19,514.65.




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