            IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Alicia Schreiner-Orr,                           :
                              Petitioner        :
                                                :
                       v.                       :   No. 1580 C.D. 2019
                                                :   SUBMITTED: June 12, 2020
Unemployment Compensation Board                 :
of Review,                                      :
                    Respondent                  :


BEFORE:        HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
               HONORABLE ELLEN CEISLER, Judge
               HONORABLE BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Senior Judge


OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION BY
SENIOR JUDGE LEADBETTER                                             FILED: July 10, 2020


               Alicia Schreiner-Orr, Claimant, petitions for review of an order of the
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review that affirmed the referee’s decision
finding Claimant ineligible for unemployment compensation benefits because her
actions constituted willful misconduct under Section 402(e) of the Unemployment
Compensation Law (Law).1 We affirm.
               The facts as found by the Board are as follows. A residential counselor
at a rehabilitation facility for substance abuse, Claimant worked for Livengrin
Foundation, Inc., Employer, from May 8, 2005, to May 23, 2019, at a final annual
salary of $58,675.50. (Board’s November 1, 2019 Decision, Finding of Fact “F.F.”
No. 1.) Employer had a policy requiring its employees to “contact the Administrator



   1
       Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex. Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897, as amended, 43 P.S. § 802(e).
on Call to consult before facilitating the transfer of a patient to another facility.”
(F.F. No. 3.) Claimant was aware of that policy. (F.F. No. 4.)
                On May 2, 2019, “a former employee, who is the Executive Director of
a California all-women treatment facility, and two individuals accompanying her
entered [E]mployer’s campus to visit [C]laimant.” (F.F. No. 5.) Claimant had no
advance notice of either their visit or failure to register with security. (F.F. No. 6.)
That same day, “a patient for whom [C]laimant was a counselor, presented with drug
withdrawal symptoms and was the victim of a recent sexual assault.” (F.F. No. 7.)
Notwithstanding Employer’s patient-transfer policy, Claimant initiated the patient’s
transfer to the California facility between May 2 and 3 without contacting the
Administrator on Call. (F.F. Nos. 8 and 9.) Upon becoming aware of the patient’s
scheduled transfer, Employer cancelled it and transferred the patient to a local
treatment facility that met the patient’s needs. (F.F. No. 10.) Subsequently,
Employer discharged Claimant from employment for failure to follow its policies
for patient transfer and visitors. (F.F. No. 11.)
                The Erie UC Service Center denied Claimant’s application for
unemployment compensation benefits. On appeal, the referee conducted a hearing
at which Claimant with two witnesses and one witness for Employer appeared and
testified. The referee concluded that Employer discharged Claimant for permitting
the former employee onto the campus without a visitor’s badge, emailing proprietary
patient information in violation of patient privacy laws, patient brokering, and
patient abuse. Mindful that where there are multiple reasons for discharge only one
need rise to the level of willful misconduct for a claimant to be disqualified from
receiving benefits,2 the referee determined that Employer established Claimant’s


    2
        Glenn v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 928 A.2d 1169, 1172 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2007).


                                              2
willful misconduct by virtue of her attempt to email a patient list and insurance
information to the former employee. In so doing, the referee rejected Claimant’s
testimony that she intended to email that information to a current coworker.
However, the referee concluded that Employer failed to establish that Claimant
committed patient abuse or failed to follow the policies for visitors and patient
transfers.
             The Board issued its own decision, affirming on somewhat different
grounds. Noting Employer’s acknowledgment that it only discovered the potential
patient-privacy violation after Claimant’s discharge, the Board concluded that the
violation was not the proximate cause of Claimant’s dismissal. Consequently, the
Board focused on the two reasons for termination that Employer identified at the
time of Claimant’s discharge: failure to follow visitor and patient-transfer policies.
Like the referee, the Board concluded that Employer failed to demonstrate that
Claimant engaged in willful misconduct by violating the visitor policy. However,
the Board determined that Claimant’s failure to follow Employer’s patient-transfer
policy constituted willful misconduct. Claimant’s petition for review followed.
             Section 402(e) of the Law provides, in pertinent part, that an employee
shall be ineligible for compensation for any week “[i]n which his unemployment is
due to his discharge or temporary suspension from work for willful misconduct
connected with his work . . . .” 43 P.S. § 802(e). The term “willful misconduct” has
been defined to include: (1) the wanton and willful disregard of the employer’s
interests; (2) the deliberate violation of work rules; (3) the disregard of standards of
behavior which an employer can rightfully expect of its employee; or (4) negligence
which manifests culpability, wrongful intent, evil design, or intentional and
substantial disregard for the employer’s interests or the employee’s duties and



                                           3
obligations. Glatfelter Barber Shop v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 957
A.2d 786, 792 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2008). Whether an employee’s actions constitute
willful misconduct is a question of law over which we exercise plenary review.
Frazier v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 833 A.2d 1181 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2003).
             Additionally, the employer bears the initial burden of proving that the
employee engaged in willful misconduct. Yost v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of
Review, 42 A.3d 1158, 1162 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2012). If the willful misconduct charge
is based upon a violation of a work rule, the employer must prove the existence of
the rule and its violation. Caterpillar, Inc. v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review,
703 A.2d 452, 456 (Pa. 1997). The Court then determines whether the violation
constitutes willful misconduct by examining whether the work rule is reasonable in
light of all of the circumstances and, if so, whether the employee had good cause to
violate the rule. Id. Reasonableness is determined by whether the employer’s
application of the rule under the circumstances is fair, just and appropriate to pursue
a legitimate interest. Id.
             In the present case, Claimant contends that Employer failed to present
testimonial or documentary evidence of any clear patient-transfer policy of which
she knew or should have known and that, accordingly, there is no substantial
evidence to support the Board’s determination that she violated a work rule by failing
to consult with the Administrator on Call before working to transfer a patient to
another facility. Additionally, assuming arguendo that this Court determines that
Employer established such a rule, she contends that her uncontradicted evidence
establishes that she was justified in departing from the work rule when she referred
a patient to another facility without consulting the Administrator on Call.




                                          4
             Claimant’s arguments are without merit. As the Board concluded,
Employer established its patient-transfer policy via the credible testimony of
Employer’s Vice President of Human Resources, Ms. Luanne Ramsey. As the
Administrator on Call during the relevant period, Ms. Ramsey testified that when
Employer cannot meet the clinical needs of certain patients, it has to transfer them
to another treatment facility. (August 2, 2019 Hearing, Notes of Testimony “N.T.”
at 8; Reproduced Record “R.R.” at 52a.) As part of the transfer process, Employer’s
policy requires employees to contact clinical leaders, including the Administrator on
Call. (Id.) With respect to the fragile patient at issue, Ms. Ramsey testified that
Claimant failed to “contact[] the [Administrator on Call] or any of the clinical leaders
so that our medical director, who is a psychiatrist, or vice president of clinical . . .
could have been consulted.” (Id.) Ms. Ramsey emphasized that following the proper
protocol was important in a case such as this one involving a patient who had
suffered recent trauma, was experiencing active withdrawal, and was on probation.
(N.T. at 8-9; R.R. at 52a-53a.)
             As for Claimant’s knowledge of the patient-transfer policy, the Board
accepted Ms. Ramsey’s testimony that “I would submit that [Claimant] after 15
years of employment this round, had understood and knew . . . those policies,
protocol, or had prior knowledge of other facilities that could provide the treatment
. . . .” (Id.) Additionally, Claimant acknowledged in the internet initial claims form
that she was aware of the patient-transfer rule and that Employer discharged her for
violating that rule. (Record, Item No. 5; R.R. at 7a.)
             A work rule need not be written in order for its violation to constitute
willful misconduct. Graham v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 840 A.2d
1054, 1057 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2004). It is sufficient for the rule to be known. James v.



                                           5
Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 429 A.2d 782 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1981).
Additionally, the Board is the ultimate finder of fact in unemployment compensation
cases with the power to determine credibility and evidentiary weight. Peak v.
Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 501 A.2d 1383, 1388 (Pa. 1985); Oliver v.
Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 5 A.3d 432, 438 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2010). Its
findings of fact are conclusive on appeal when the record, in its entirety, contains
substantial evidence to support those findings. Oliver, 5 A.3d at 438. As long as
there is substantial evidence for the findings, “[t]he fact that [a party] may have
produced witnesses who gave a different version of the events, or that [a party] might
view the testimony differently than the Board, is not grounds for reversal . . . .”
Tapco, Inc. v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 650 A.2d 1106, 1108-09 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 1994).
             Here, the Board chose to accept Employer’s testimony regarding the
patient-transfer policy and we cannot overturn that credibility determination on
appeal. Fitzpatrick v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 616 A.2d 110, 111 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 1992). Additionally, we are bound to view the evidence in the light most
favorable to Employer, as the party that prevailed before the Board, and give
Employer the benefit of all inferences that can logically and reasonably be drawn
from the testimony. Chapman v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 20 A.3d 603,
607 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2011).
             Having determined that Employer established the existence of the
patient-transfer policy and Claimant’s intentional violation of that policy, we turn to
Claimant’s argument that she was justified in departing from the policy. Claimant
references her uncontradicted testimony that she consulted with the nurse
practitioner, the patient care coordinator, and the director of admissions, all of whom



                                          6
she alleges suggested referring the patient to the other facility. (N.T. at 18-21; R.R.
at 62a-65a.) Further, she notes her allegedly uncontradicted testimony that she was
acting in the best interests of a patient who had suffered sexual trauma and required
an all-female facility. Accordingly, she maintains that her actions did not constitute
willful misconduct because she acted to further the interests of Employer’s mission
and to provide service to a patient in dire need of appropriate care.
             Claimant’s argument as to good cause is without merit. The Board
determined that she failed to offer credible testimony to establish good cause for her
failure to follow the patient-transfer protocol. (Board’s Decision at 3.) As noted,
the Board is the ultimate arbiter of credibility and it accepted Employer’s version of
the events. Additionally, Ms. Ramsey’s credible testimony contradicts the testimony
that Claimant proffered in support of her position that she was acting in the best
interests of the patient and, therefore, Employer. In that respect, Ms. Ramsey alluded
to the reasons for the protocol and why Claimant’s failure to follow it in this instance
was especially detrimental to the patient. In relevant part, Ms. Ramsey testified:

             [T]his patient had recent sexual trauma and [she] needed a
             particular set of clinical treatment modalities which
             [Employer] felt were better served in the women’s
             institution to which we have many we referred to [sic] in
             the past . . . . Now the patient, because of the recent
             trauma, was struggling with being around males, and she
             did not leave our detox unit for that reason; she was
             struggling to get out of bed . . . . I think it was a risk for
             the patient to then go to the airport and be put on a plane
             where she would be exposed to males, go through a
             security risk, and then be sent thousands of miles away, on
             her own . . . .

(N.T. at 9; R.R. at 53a.)




                                           7
             Accordingly, because we conclude that the Board did not err in
determining that Employer sustained its burden of establishing that Claimant’s
actions constituted willful misconduct and that Claimant failed to establish good
cause for violating the patient-transfer policy, we affirm.



                                        _____________________________________
                                        BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER,
                                        Senior Judge


Judge Fizzano Cannon did not participate in the decision on this case.




                                          8
        IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Alicia Schreiner-Orr,                   :
                        Petitioner      :
                                        :
                   v.                   :   No. 1580 C.D. 2019
                                        :
Unemployment Compensation Board         :
of Review,                              :
                    Respondent          :



                                     ORDER


            AND NOW, this 10th day of July, 2020, the order of the Unemployment
Compensation Board of Review is hereby AFFIRMED.




                                      _____________________________________
                                      BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER,
                                      Senior Judge
