                                                                            FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                             FEB 28 2019
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS


                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT


UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                        No.   17-10479

              Plaintiff-Appellee,                D.C. No.
                                                 1:16-cr-00583-JMS-1
 v.

ROLAND KAILIHIWA,                                MEMORANDUM*

              Defendant-Appellant.


                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                             for the District of Hawaii
                    J. Michael Seabright, Chief Judge, Presiding

                     Argued and Submitted February 13, 2019
                               Honolulu, Hawaii

Before: TALLMAN, BYBEE, and N.R. SMITH, Circuit Judges.

      Roland Kailihiwa appeals the district court’s denial of his motion to suppress

evidence from a dog sniff. He argues that a magistrate judge erroneously issued a

search warrant authorizing agents to open a parcel addressed to him on which a

narcotics detection dog had alerted. Below, Kailihiwa asserted that agents had



      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
misrepresented facts about the dog’s training and certification in an affidavit in

support of the search warrant and argued that the warrant thus issued in violation

of Franks v. Delaware, 438 U.S. 154, 159 (1978). The district court held a three-

day Franks hearing at which it heard testimony from the dog’s handler and trainer.

It found this testimony to be credible. Accordingly, the district court found that the

affidavit contained neither intentionally nor recklessly false or misleading

statements and denied Kailihiwa’s motion to suppress.

      To prevail on a Franks challenge, a defendant must satisfy a “two-step” test.

United States v. Martinez-Garcia, 397 F.3d 1205, 1214 (9th Cir. 2005). First, he

must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that an affidavit in support of the

search warrant contained intentionally or recklessly false or misleading statements

or omissions. Id. at 1215. Second, he must satisfy the district court that, with the

false material set aside, “the affidavit’s remaining content is insufficient to

establish probable cause.” Id. (quoting Franks, 438 U.S. at 156).

      We review for clear error the district court’s finding on the first step of the

Franks test, that an affidavit did not contain purposefully or recklessly false or

misleading statements or omissions. Id. at n.5. However, Kailihiwa affirmatively

waived this argument in his brief, accepting the district court’s credibility

determinations and acknowledging that it would be “improbable” to persuade us to


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revisit them. We agree with his assessment of his odds, because “the district

court’s credibility determinations . . . are afforded great deference.” United States

v. Sarkisian, 197 F.3d 966, 991 n.9 (9th Cir. 1999). However, because this

argument was waived, we need not further address it. And because Kailihiwa has

declined to make an argument on the first step of the Franks test, we need not

reach his argument on the second step, that is, whether the affidavit was still

sufficient to establish probable cause absent the challenged provisions.

      Kailihiwa asks us to consider directly the question of whether the dog was

sufficiently reliable for its sniff evidence to establish probable cause, irrespective

of the constraints of the Franks framework. We decline to so construe his appeal.

This case reaches us on post-judgment review of Kailihiwa’s Franks motion to

suppress, and the district court heard Kailihiwa’s argument about the dog’s

reliability within the context of its Franks hearing. On appeal, Kailihiwa contests

only the evidence from the dog and not any of the other factors the magistrate

judge relied upon in issuing the search warrant. He does not raise arguments about

the dog’s reliability appreciably distinct from those he raised at the Franks hearing.

Thus, our conclusion that the district court properly applied the Franks framework

and denied Kailihiwa’s motion is sufficient to resolve all issues presented.

      AFFIRMED.


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