Filed 12/19/13 P. v. Apostolas CA4.1
Opinion following order vacating prior opinion
                      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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                    COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                  DIVISION ONE

                                           STATE OF CALIFORNIA



THE PEOPLE,                                                        D063476

        Plaintiff and Respondent,

        v.                                                         (Super. Ct. No. SCD241724)

STEVEN J. APOSTOLAS,

        Defendant and Appellant.


         APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Dwayne

Moring, Judge. Affirmed.



         Patrick Morgan Ford for Defendant and Appellant.

         Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant Attorney

General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, A. Natasha Cortina, Sean M.

Rodriquez and Jennifer Truong, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
       Steven Apostolas was charged in an amended complaint with numerous counts

and appended enhancements, and with 10 prior serious felony convictions and 10 prior

strike convictions. He faced life sentences if convicted. Instead, he entered into a plea

agreement to plead guilty to numerous counts and appended enhancements, and to admit

to a prior serious felony conviction and prior strike conviction in return for a stipulated

determinate prison term of 30 years. On appeal, he asserts the trial court abused its

discretion when it denied his motion to withdraw his guilty plea, because his plea was not

knowing and voluntary and he was denied effective assistance of counsel.

                   FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGORUND

       A. Facts

       The facts, drawn from the probation report, are that Apostolas was previously

convicted of 10 counts of lewd acts on the children of his then-girlfriend. On June 22,

2012, Apostolas drove a car to a local park, where he was seen in the company of the

victim, an eight-year-old homeless male. Police were concerned when the car Apostolas

was driving was shown to be owned by a registered sex offender, and they investigated

but could not find Apostolas or the victim. They returned the following day, and located

and interviewed the victim. When they asked the victim if Apostolas had made him

uncomfortable, he said, "Yea, he told me people come here to have sex." When police

asked if Apostolas had touched his private parts, the victim looked away, crossed his

legs, crossed his hands over his stomach, and said, "No" in a low voice. However, the




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victim told police Apostolas had coerced him into removing his clothes and going into a

small body of water with him.

       Two days later, police took the victim to the Polinsky Center. During a June 27

interview by a social worker at the center, the victim stated Apostolas had touched the

victim's private parts under his clothing on more than one occasion.

       B. The Guilty Plea

       The amended complaint charged Apostolas with three counts of lewd and

lascivious touching and one count of attempted sexual abuse with restraint, and also

alleged numerous enhancements and prior serious felony and prior strike convictions. He

faced life sentences, with a minimum 30-year term, on each count for which he was

convicted. In exchange for a stipulated determinate sentence of 30 years, he pleaded

guilty and admitted the underlying factual allegations, the enhancements, and the prior

serious felony convictions and prior strike convictions. He acknowledged his guilty plea

was entered freely and voluntarily, his judgment was not impaired, and he understood the

guilty plea surrendered his rights to confront and cross-examine witnesses against him

and to present evidence. At the August 2, 2012, court hearing at which the plea was

accepted, he verbally reiterated these admissions; the court found Apostolas acted

knowingly and voluntarily, and that there was a sufficient factual basis for the plea.




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       C. The Motion to Withdraw the Plea

       Five weeks later, Apostolas filed a Marsden1 motion alleging his counsel

(Mr. Aragon) did not investigate the case or communicate with Apostolas, coerced him

into agreeing to plead guilty without giving him the opportunity to consult with others or

to review the discovery, and allowed him to plead guilty even though he was in "no

mental state" to do so. The following week, Apostolas filed an in propria persona motion

seeking to withdraw his guilty plea that reiterated these allegations. On October 31,

2012, new counsel for Apostolas filed a more detailed motion seeking to withdraw his

plea, alleging Aragon had refused to provide an investigator for the case, and alleged

Aragon told Apostolas his case was a "lost cause" and to stop wasting the court's and

Aragon's time. Apostolas claimed he did not understand the consequences of his plea

agreement, had only been given 15 minutes to review the charges in the amended

complaint and, had he known the terms to which he ostensibly agreed, he would not have

pled guilty.

       Aragon filed a declaration stating he had extensively discussed the evidence with

Apostolas, along with possible defenses and his potential sentencing exposure. At no

time did Aragon say it was a lost cause or to stop wasting anyone's time, and he did not

decline a request by Apostolas for an investigator. Aragon averred he had met with

Apostolas in advance of the plea hearing to discuss the new charges with him, reviewed

the change of plea form with him at the plea hearing and described the consequences of


1      People v. Marsden (1970) 2 Cal.3d 118.
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pleading guilty, and that Apostolas understood the impact of his plea and wanted to plead

guilty.

          Apostolas called no witnesses at the hearing on his motion to withdraw his plea.

The People called Aragon, who testified he reviewed the discovery, including twice

watching a video of one of the interviews of the victim, and also went to the park at

which the molestations occurred. He met with Apostolas and thoroughly reviewed the

materials with him, and offered to give him all of the materials but Apostolas declined.

Aragon discussed the inconsistencies in the victim's statements with Apostolas and asked

for his opinion as to the minor's credibility, and also advised him of Aragon's concerns

that Apostolas's prior misconduct with children would be potential Evidence Code

section 1101, subdivision (b), evidence at trial. Aragon was "perfectly willing" to take

the case to trial, and considered consulting with an expert about suggestive questioning to

undermine the minor's testimony, but Apostolas stated the victim was credible and he

wanted to avoid a longer sentence, which obviated the need to consult with an expert.

Aragon negotiated the plea agreement and discussed whether to take the plea or to go to

trial and attack the victim's credibility, and Apostolas instructed him to accept the offer.

Aragon also met with Apostolas one or two days before the plea agreement hearing to

discuss the new charges, and Apostolas affirmed his desire to take the plea deal. On the

day of the plea hearing, he appeared to understand what was going on, and Aragon again

reviewed the plea agreement with him. Apostolas, after having an additional "couple of

hours" to consider it, still wanted to accept the agreement.


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       The court found Aragon's testimony credible, and that Apostolas's declaration

containing contrary allegations was not. The court found there was no evidence Aragon

coerced him into accepting the agreement, and found Apostolas did understand the nature

of the plea and its consequences. The court also found Aragon "did a thorough job" in

investigating the case, in explaining to Apostolas the "pros and cons" of the case, and in

negotiating the plea agreement.

                                        ANALYSIS

       A. Legal Standards

       Penal Code section 1018 provides, in part: "On application of the defendant at any

time before judgment . . . , the court may, . . . for a good cause shown, permit the plea of

guilty to be withdrawn and a plea of not guilty substituted. . . . This section shall be

liberally construed to effect these objects and to promote justice." In general, "[m]istake,

ignorance or any other factor overcoming the exercise of free judgment is good cause for

withdrawal of a guilty plea." (People v. Cruz (1974) 12 Cal.3d 562, 566.) However, "[a]

plea may not be withdrawn simply because the defendant has changed his mind."

(People v. Nance (1991) 1 Cal.App.4th 1453, 1456.) The defendant has the burden to

show, by clear and convincing evidence, there is good cause for withdrawal of his or her

guilty plea. (Id. at p. 1457.)

       The decision to grant or deny a motion to withdraw a guilty plea is left to the

sound discretion of the trial court. (People v. Fairbank (1997) 16 Cal.4th 1223, 1254;

People v. Nance, supra, 1 Cal.App.4th at p. 1457.) "A denial of the motion will not be


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disturbed on appeal absent a showing the court has abused its discretion." (Nance, at

p. 1456; see also Fairbank, at p. 1254 ["A decision to deny a motion to withdraw a guilty

plea . . . is final unless the defendant can show a clear abuse of [the trial court's]

discretion."].) "Moreover, a reviewing court must adopt the trial court's factual findings

if substantial evidence supports them." (Fairbank, at p. 1254.) Our role in determining

whether Apostolas satisfied his burden of producing clear and convincing evidence in the

trial court in support of his motion to withdraw a guilty plea is a limited one, because

" '[a]ll questions of the weight and sufficiency of the evidence are addressed, in the first

instance, to the trier of fact, in this case, the trial judge. We cannot reverse his order if

there is substantial evidence or a reasonable inference to be drawn from it which supports

the order. Where two conflicting inferences may be drawn from the evidence it is our

duty to adopt the one supporting the challenged order.' " (People v. Harvey (1984) 151

Cal.App.3d 660, 667.)

       B. Analysis

       Apostolas contended his plea was not a voluntary plea because Aragon coerced

him into pleading guilty by telling him his case was a "lost cause" and to stop wasting the

court's and Aragon's time, and by refusing to provide an investigator. Apostolas also

contended his plea was not a knowing plea because Aragon did not adequately explain to

him the potential exposures or the potential avenues of defense for the case. The trial

court rejected these claims because it credited Aragon's testimony that he did not coerce

Apostolas into accepting the agreement, that he "did a thorough job" in investigating the


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case and explained to Apostolas the "pros and cons" of the case, and that he did discuss

the charges with Apostolas, who appeared to understand the nature of the plea and its

consequences. Because there was substantial evidence supporting these findings, the trial

court did not abuse its discretion in concluding Apostolas's plea was entered knowingly

and voluntarily. (People v. Hunt (1985) 174 Cal.App.3d 95, 104 (Hunt).)

       Apostolas's alternative claim is that he was denied effective assistance of counsel

because Aragon did not hire an investigator or otherwise fully investigate the case, but

instead merely reviewed the materials turned over by the prosecution. A defendant who

has been denied the effective assistance of counsel in entering a plea of guilty is entitled

to reversal and an opportunity to withdraw his plea if he or she so wishes, because a valid

guilty plea must be based upon a defendant's full awareness of the relevant circumstances

and the likely consequences of his or her action. (People v. McCary (1985) 166

Cal.App.3d 1, 7-9.) We apply the two-step analysis to determine adequacy of counsel.

First, Apostolas must show trial counsel did not act in a manner expected of reasonably

competent attorneys acting as diligent advocates. Second, he must establish that

counsel's acts or omissions resulted in withdrawal of a potentially meritorious defense.

(Hunt, supra, 174 Cal.App.3d at pp. 104-105.)

       In the context of a claim that a guilty plea should be vacated based on ineffective

assistance of counsel, when a defendant expresses a desire to plead guilty, counsel acts in

a manner expected of reasonably competent attorneys acting as diligent advocates when

he or she has investigated carefully all factual and legal defenses available to the


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defendant and advised the defendant of all options. (Hunt, supra, 174 Cal.App.3d at

p. 105.) Here, the court found Aragon "did a thorough job" in investigating the case, in

evaluating Apostolas's options, and in explaining to him the "pros and cons" of the case,

and Aragon's testimony provides substantial evidentiary support for that finding. The

trial court's rejection of Apostolas's claim of ineffective assistance of counsel as the

predicate to his motion to withdraw his plea was not an abuse of discretion because there

was substantial evidentiary support for the conclusion he was not denied effective

assistance of counsel.

                                       DISPOSITION

       The judgment is affirmed.




                                                                             McDONALD, J.

WE CONCUR:


BENKE, Acting P. J.


HUFFMAN, J.




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