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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    PR METROPLEX WEST LLC                           IN THE SUPERIOR COURT
                                                              OF
                                                         PENNSYLVANIA
                             Appellant

                        v.

    MW GENERAL, INC.

                             Appellee                  No. 3139 EDA 2016


                 Appeal from the Order Entered October 4, 2016
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County
                       Civil Division at No(s): 2016-13230


BEFORE: BOWES, J., LAZARUS, J., and PLATT, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.:                         FILED OCTOBER 24, 2017

        PR Metroplex West, LLC (“Metroplex”), appeals from the trial court’s

order, entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County, denying

its emergency motion for a preliminary injunction.1 After careful review, we

dismiss the appeal as moot.

        This action involves a dispute over the proposed sale of a large shopping

center (“the Center”) located in Plymouth Meeting. Metroplex and Appellee,

MW General, Inc. (“MW”), jointly own and operate the Center.2 The parties’
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*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1We note that an interlocutory order that denies an injunction is appealable
as of right. See Pa.R.A.P 311(a)(4).

2Metroplex West Associates, L.P. a Pennsylvania limited partnership, owns,
operates and maintains the Center. Metroplex General, Inc., is the sole
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business relationship and ownership of the Center is memorialized in a 1999

Partnership Agreement (“Agreement”) and a 2001 Stockholders’ Agreement

(Stockholders’ Agreement).

       Section 4.4.2 of the parties’ Stockholders’ Agreement states:

       If either Stockholder (herein the 'Selling Stockholder') shall
       receive from a third party which is not an Affiliate, a bona fide
       written offer acceptable to it for the purchase of all but not less
       than all of the Partnership Property, and provided such offer if
       accepted shall provide for a deposit by a certified check of the
       prospective purchaser for a sum at least equal to ten (10%)
       percent of the purchase price, and shall provide for the closing of
       title not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred
       twenty (120) days after the date of such offer, and such offer has
       sufficient information on which a reasonable judgment may be
       made as to the ability of the prospective purchaser to perform,
       such offer shall be delivered to the other Stockholder (herein the
       ‘Other Stockholder’) within fifteen (15) days after its receipt,
       together with a request by the Selling Stockholder to the Other
       Stockholder to authorize the Corporation to sell the Property in
       accordance with said offer.

Stockholders’ Agreement, § 4.4.2 (emphasis added). When a party under the

Stockholders’ Agreement receives proper notice from the other party of a

“bona fide written offer” for the Center, the other party must then make an

election to authorize the Corporation, or agree within thirty days after receipt

of the selling Stockholder’s notice, to purchase the selling Stockholder’s

interest in the Partnership. Id.         However, if the other party who receives

notice of a “bona fide written offer” fails to make a timely election regarding

the offer, then that party will be deemed to have elected to authorize the sale

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general partner of Metroplex West. Metroplex General is owned and controlled
by Metroplex and MW.

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of the Partnership Property pursuant to the offer and must participate in the

sale. Id.

      In January 2016, Metroplex began seeking a purchaser for the Center

in an effort to divest its parent company, Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment

Trust (“PREIT”), of its noncore assets. On May 27, 2016, Metroplex received

a Letter of Intent (“LOI”) from a third party, DDR Corporation (“DDR”),

indicating its interest in purchasing the Center.       The May 27, 2016 LOI

stipulated that it was “open for acceptance until July 15, 2016 at 5:00 p.m.

EST and will automatically expire if not accepted in writing prior to such time

and date.” See May 27, 2016 LOI, Exhibit B to Ioannou Affidavit. On May

31, 2016, Metroplex sent a letter to MW giving it notice of its intention to sell

the Center to DDR pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in DDR’s

LOI. In the letter, Metroplex requested that MW make its required election

under section 4.4.2 of the Stockholders’ Agreement and also indicated that if

MW failed to deliver an election notice to Metroplex by a given response date,

that it would deem MW to have authorized the sale of the Center. On June 7,

2016, MW responded to Metroplex’s letter, stating that DDR’s May 27 offer

was not a “bona fide offer” under section 4.4.2, but merely an expression of

intent and a negotiation aid for the discussion of a potential sale of the Center,

and, therefore, DDR’s LOI did not trigger any obligation on MW’s part under

the Shareholder Agreement.

      On June 13, 2016, DDR revised its offer for the Center, clarifying that

the terms of the LOI are binding upon the parties, that the LOI is subject to

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certain rights held by MW to elect to purchase the Center, and that if MW does

exercise such rights then DDR acknowledges that Metroplex will be unable to

convey the Center to DDR. On June 14, 2016, Metroplex notified MW of DDR’s

revised LOI and its continued intention to sell the property, subject to MW’s

right of first refusal. On June 24, 2016, MW responded to Metroplex’s letter

by again contending that DDR’s LOI did not constitute a “bona fide offer” but

was merely a conditional offer that does not obligate DDR to purchase the

Center and, accordingly, does not trigger any obligation for it to comply with

section 4.4.2 of the Stockholders’ Agreement.

       On June 30, 2016, Metroplex filed a complaint against MW seeking

specific performance/injunctive relief and declaratory relief.   On that same

date, Metroplex filed an emergency motion seeking a mandatory preliminary

injunction.3 In its complaint Metroplex claimed that it received a “bona fide

offer” from DDR to purchase the Center and that MW had breached the parties

Stockholders’ Agreement by failing to comply with section 4.4.2. On August

23, 2016 and September 12-14, 2016, the trial court held a hearing on

Metroplex’s emergency motion for a preliminary injunction. At the hearing,

Metroplex sought the court’s approval to sign DDR’s letter of intent and

proceed with the sale.       On October 3, 2016, the court denied the motion.

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3 Mandatory injunctions command the performance of some positive act to
preserve the status quo, where prohibitory injunctions enjoin a party from
doing an act that will change it. Mazzie v. Commonwealth, 432 A.2d 985
(Pa. 1981).



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Metroplex filed a timely notice of appeal,4 presenting the following issues for

our consideration:

       (1)    Whether the trial court erred by denying [Metroplex’s]
              emergency motion for preliminary injunction on the basis
              that [Metroplex] failed to demonstrate a clear right to relief
              where [Metroplex] manifestly established that it was
              entitled to an injunction under section 4.4.2 of the parties’
              Stockholders’ Agreement.

       (2)    Whether the trial court erred by denying [Metroplex’s]
              emergency motion for preliminary injunction on the basis
              that [Metroplex] failed to demonstrate it lacked an adequate
              remedy at law where [Metroplex] proved that without the
              requested injunction it would be unable to sell the Metroplex
              and would lose an irreplaceable business opportunity.

       (3)    Whether the trial court erred by denying [Metroplex’s]
              emergency motion for preliminary injunction on the basis
              that [Metroplex] failed to establish the remaining
              requirements for a preliminary injunction where [Metroplex]
              in fact proved all of the necessary requirements for issuance
              of its requested preliminary injunction.

       Before we address the merits of the instant appeal, we must discuss

MW’s claim that this appeal is rendered moot by the fact that the expiration

date of DDR’s LOI has passed.       5


       Our Supreme Court explained the circumstances which invoke the

mootness doctrine as follows:

       [C]ases presenting mootness problems involve litigants who
       clearly had standing to sue at the outset of the litigation. The
       problems arise from events occurring after the lawsuit has gotten
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4The trial court did not order Metroplex to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement
of errors complained of on appeal.

5The trial court did not address the issue of mootness in its Rule 1925(a)
opinion.

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      underway[,] changes in the facts or in the law[,] which allegedly
      deprive the litigant of the necessary stake in the outcome. The
      mootness doctrine requires that “an actual controversy must be
      extant at all stages of review, not merely at the time the complaint
      is filed.”

In re D.A., 801 A.2d 614, 616 (PA. Super. 2002), citing In re Gross, 382

A.2d 116, 119 (Pa. 1978). An issue can become moot during the pendency

of an appeal due to an intervening change in the facts of the case. In re

Cain, 590 A.2d 291 (Pa. 1991). “Where changes in the facts of a pending

case occur that eliminate an actual controversy and make it impossible for the

court to grant the requested relief, the case will be dismissed as moot.” J.S.

and C.S. v. Whetzel, 860 A.2d 1112, 1118 (Pa. Super. 2004).

      There are two well-established exceptions to the mootness doctrine: (1)

when the issue presented is one of great public importance or (2) is one that

is capable of repetition yet escaping judicial review.    Ass’n of Pa. State

College & Univ. Faculties v. Pa. Labor Rels. Bd., 8 A.3d 300, 305 (Pa.

2010).

      Instantly, DDR’s revised June 13, 2107 LOI indicated that its offer

would automatically expire on July 15, 2016 at 5:00 p.m. EST if not accepted

in writing prior to that date and time. At the preliminary injunction hearing,

Metroplex stated that DDR extended this deadline, first through September 1,

2016, and then again until September 30, 2016. N.T. Preliminary Injunction

Hearing, 8/23/16, at 144-45. As of the date of the preliminary injunction

hearing, counsel for Metroplex confirmed that the expiration date had been




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extended to September 30, 2016. Id. at 145 (“Okay. So right now, that date

has been extended to September 30th? Yeah.”).

      Without evidence to the contrary, the record supports the fact that

DDR’s LOI expired on September 30, 2016. Instantly, Metroplex’s proposed

order for injunctive relief states the following, “IT IS HEREBY FURTHER

ORDERED AND DECREED THAT pursuant to section 4.4.2 of the Stockholders'

Agreement, [MW] is required forthwith to authorize Metroplex General, Inc.

to sign the June 13 bona fide written offer.”     Metroplex’s Proposed Order

Granting Preliminary Injunction, at 3.   Based upon this language, any order

granting injunctive relief entered after September 30, 2016 would have had

no force or effect on the sale of the Center to DDR where DDR’s LOI had

already expired. See Burke v. Independence blue Cross, 103 A.3d 1267,

1271 (Pa. 2014) (“The claim of mootness, by contrast, stands on the predicate

that a subsequent change in circumstances has eliminated the controversy so

that the court lacks the ability to issue a meaningful order, that is, an order

that can have any practical effect.”).

      Metroplex claims that the issue presented to this Court is capable of

repetition and apt to elude appellate review since it “would seek to obtain a

new offer to purchase the [Center]” and the issue regarding what constitutes

a “bona fide offer” under section 4.4.2 would arise again. Appellant’s Reply

Brief, at 8. However, the relief requested in Metroplex’s motion for injunctive

relief was specifically tailored to the July 13, 2016 offer extended by DDR to

buy the Center. Because that offer expired on September 30, 2016, the court

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could no longer order the injunctive relief Metroplex sought. Thus, we find

that this interlocutory appeal is moot.6 See Strassburger v. Philadelphia

Record Co., 6 A.2d 922 (Pa. 1939) (appeal was from refusal of request for

preliminary injunction to prevent annual meeting of shareholders from

transpiring on certain day; appeal rendered moot due to fact that annual

meeting took place).

       We do not classify this case as one that involves an issue of great public

importance or one that is capable of repetition and apt to elude judicial review.

Cf. Burke, supra, (even though issue moot, controversy was of great public

importance due to prevalence of autism-spectrum-disorder diagnoses and

significant amount of time that ordinarily elapses between when insurer

originally denies coverage and when court rules on whether denial permissible

under Act 62). Metroplex will have the opportunity to solicit more potential

buyers for the Center. Moreover, we decline to speculate as to whether the

parties will come to a stalemate on the interpretation of section 4.4.2 in the

event of future sale of the Center.7
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6We recognize that Metroplex’s remaining claims pled in its civil action-equity
complaint, specific performance and declaratory judgment, are still viable.
Mootness only applies to Metroplex’s emergency motion for injunctive relief
which is the sole issue on appeal.

7 Moreover, in the preliminary injunction/equity context, MW aptly points out
that Metroplex could have prevented the lapse of DDR’s offer by making it
contingent on the final resolution of the pending motion or could have been
more diligent in moving the matter along.




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       Appeal dismissed as moot.8

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 10/24/2017




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8 However, even if we were to find that the current appeal was not moot, we
would affirm the trial court’s denial of Metroplex’s emergency motion for a
mandatory preliminary injunction where Metroplex did not present evidence
to establish that it was likely to prevail on the merits. See Greenmoor, Inc.
v. Burchick Constr. Co., 908 A.2d 310 (Pa. Super. 2006). DDR’s LOI is
simply not a “bona fide offer” as is specifically required under section 4.4.2.
The LOI lacked explicit terms delineated in the Shareholder Agreement.
Summit Towne Ctr., Inc. v. Shoe Show of Rocky Mt., Inc., 828 A.2d 995
(Pa. 2003) (on appeal from denial of preliminary injunction, appellate court
only examines record to determine if there were any apparently reasonable
grounds for action of trial court; ruling will be reversed only if it is plain that
no grounds exist to support decree or that rule of law relied upon was palpably
erroneous or misapplied). DDR’s letter of intent did not equate to an “offer”
under the terms of the parties’ Shareholder Agreement where there was no
accompanying 10% deposit; no confirmed purchase price; no settlement date;
and no financial information provided. The court found that DDR’s proposal
was merely “an agreement to negotiate.” Trial Court Opinion, 12/8/16, at 6.
Because DDR’s purchase price was subject to change and further negotiations,
Metroplex’s “clear right to relief and reasonable likelihood of success on the
merits,” was lacking.




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