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                                      Appellate Court                         Date: 2017.07.06
                                                                              09:16:09 -05'00'




             Wesly v. National Hemophilia Foundation, 2017 IL App (3d) 160382



Appellate Court         OSVALDO H. WESLY, M.D., Plaintiff-Appellee, v. THE
Caption                 NATIONAL HEMOPHILIA FOUNDATION; CRAIG M.
                        KESSLER, M.D.; GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY; MICHAEL
                        TARANTINO, M.D.; KOLLET KOULIANOS; THE BLEEDING
                        AND CLOTTING DISORDERS INSTITUTE, an Illinois
                        Not-For-Profit Corporation; BOB ROBINSON; BLEEDING
                        DISORDERS ALLIANCE ILLINOIS, an Illinois Not-For-Profit
                        Corporation;   DANIELLE      BAXTER; GREAT       LAKES
                        HEMOPHILIA FOUNDATION, INC., a Wisconsin Corporation; and
                        KATHRYN REESE-KOSSOW, Defendants (Georgetown University,
                        Defendant-Appellant).


District & No.          Third District
                        Docket No. 3-16-0382


Filed                   May 4, 2017


Decision Under          Appeal from the Circuit Court of Peoria County, No. 15-L-188; the
Review                  Hon. Stephen A. Kouri, Judge, presiding.



Judgment                Judgment reversed.


Counsel on              Sarah E. Flotte and Daniel A. Kaufman, of Michael Best & Friedrich
Appeal                  LLP, of Chicago, for appellant.

                        Timothy J. Rigby, of Hart Southworth & Witsman, of Springfield, and
                        Gretchen L. Schmidt, Laura A. Kenneally, Olivia L. Bedi, and Paul K.
                        Vickrey, of Niro Law, Ltd., of Chicago, for appellee.
     Panel                    JUSTICE WRIGHT delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
                              Justices Carter and Schmidt concurred in the judgment and opinion.


                                               OPINION

¶1         On September 18, 2015, the plaintiff, Osvaldo H. Wesly, M.D., filed a defamation action
       against Craig M. Kessler, M.D., and Georgetown University, together with various other
       defendants, including the National Hemophilia Foundation, Michael Tarantino, M.D., Kollet
       Koulianos, the Bleeding and Clotting Disorders Institute, an Illinois not-for-profit corporation,
       Bob Robinson, Bleeding Disorders Alliance Illinois, an Illinois not-for-profit corporation,
       Danielle Baxter, Great Lakes Hemophilia Foundation, Inc., a Wisconsin corporation, and
       Kathryn Reese-Kossow.
¶2         On December 8, 2015, Georgetown University filed a motion to dismiss for lack of
       personal jurisdiction pursuant to section 2-301 of the Illinois Code of Civil Procedure (Code)
       (735 ILCS 5/2-301 (West 2014)). On June 9, 2016, the trial court issued an order denying
       Georgetown University’s motion to dismiss based on lack of personal jurisdiction.
       Georgetown University appeals this ruling.

¶3                                               FACTS
¶4         On September 18, 2015, the plaintiff, Osvaldo H. Wesly, M.D. (plaintiff), filed the
       complaint in this matter against various defendants, including Georgetown University
       (Georgetown) and Craig M. Kessler, M.D. (Dr. Kessler), an unpaid faculty member at
       Georgetown, alleging that Georgetown and Dr. Kessler made false and defamatory statements
       regarding plaintiff. According to the complaint, on September 20, 2014, the National
       Hemophilia Foundation (the NHF) presented plaintiff with the 2014 physician of the year
       award at an awards ceremony. After receiving this award, the complaint alleges the defendants
       communicated false and defamatory statements to the NHF regarding plaintiff’s qualifications
       to receive the prestigious award.
¶5         In particular, plaintiff alleges the defendants falsely informed the NHF that plaintiff
       “lacked the credentials necessary to hold the [a]ward, and that documents submitted to the
       [NHF] contained significant inaccuracies relating to [plaintiff’s] background, qualifications,
       and experience.” The complaint also alleges that on September 22, 2014, the NHF
       disseminated the same false and defamatory statements regarding plaintiff by e-mail to the
       NHF’s members and others. In addition, plaintiff claims the NHF publically posted similar
       false and defamatory statements regarding plaintiff to the NHF website. Plaintiff attached a
       copy of the posting contained on the NHF’s website to his complaint, which stated
                   “The National Hemophilia Foundation has just become aware that documents
               submitted to it in connection with its 2014 NHF Physician of the Year Award to Dr.
               Osvaldo H. Wesly had significant inaccuracies relating to Dr. Wesly’s background,
               qualifications, and experience. NHF is continuing to investigate the situation and,
               depending on the completed results, may take action, including if warranted, a
               revocation of the award. In any event, NHF is committed to taking all appropriate steps



                                                   -2-
                to insure that such a situation does not occur in the future and that the nomination
                process will be one of the highest integrity.”
¶6          Count I of the complaint is directed against Georgetown. In that count, plaintiff alleges that
       Georgetown is responsible for the alleged defamatory statements Dr. Kessler made as an agent
       of Georgetown.
¶7          On December 8, 2015, Georgetown filed a motion to dismiss count I of the complaint
       pursuant to section 2-301 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-301 (West 2014)) for lack of personal
       jurisdiction.1 Georgetown argued plaintiff’s complaint did not include sufficient allegations
       allowing the court to exercise personal jurisdiction over the university on several grounds.
       First, Georgetown argued that the university could not be subject to general jurisdiction under
       subsection (b)(4) of section 2-209 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-209 (West 2014)) because the
       complaint did not allege Georgetown was “doing business” in the state. 735 ILCS
       5/2-209(b)(4) (West 2014). Second, Georgetown asserted Dr. Kessler was not acting as an
       agent of the university at the time he communicated the alleged defamatory statements, which
       is necessary to give rise to specific jurisdiction over the university. 735 ILCS 5/2-209(a)(2)
       (West 2014). Lastly, Georgetown argued that it did not have sufficient contacts with Illinois to
       satisfy due process requirements.
¶8          Georgetown submitted two affidavits in support of the motion to dismiss. One affidavit
       was prepared by Jose Madrid (Madrid), a litigation manager in Georgetown’s office of vice
       president and general counsel. Madrid’s affidavit stated that Georgetown is a private university
       with campuses located in Washington, D.C. Georgetown does not have a campus or an office
       in Illinois, is not registered to do business in Illinois, and does not maintain an agent for service
       of process in Illinois. Additionally, Georgetown is not registered as a charitable organization in
       Illinois. Georgetown currently employs 6000 employees, and only one employee has a primary
       work address within the state of Illinois. According to Madrid’s affidavit, Dr. Kessler holds an
       unpaid faculty appointment with Georgetown and is not on Georgetown’s payroll.
       Georgetown has not made any payments to Dr. Kessler for his services.
¶9          Georgetown also attached Dr. Kessler’s affidavit to the motion to dismiss. Dr. Kessler
       stated that he is a board-certified physician in internal medicine and hematology. According to
       this affidavit, Dr. Kessler is employed as a full-time salaried hematologist/oncologist at
       MedStar-Georgetown Medical Center, Inc., d/b/a Georgetown University Hospital (MedStar)
       in Washington, D.C.2 Dr. Kessler also holds an unpaid faculty appointment with Georgetown,
       serving as the professor of medicine, pathology, and oncology at Vincent Lombardi
       Comprehensive Cancer Center, which is part of Georgetown University Hospital. Dr. Kessler
       is also the director of the coagulation laboratory at Georgetown. According to Dr. Kessler’s
       affidavit, he is paid by Medstar and does not receive any compensation from Georgetown.
¶ 10        Dr. Kessler stated that in his capacity as a board-certified hematologist, he has worked as
       an unpaid volunteer for the NHF. Dr. Kessler stated that all of his work for the NHF has been

           1
             Georgetown also moved to dismiss pursuant to section 2-619 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-619
       (West 2014)), arguing that plaintiff’s allegations against Georgetown do not meet the heightened
       pleading standard applicable to defamation per se cases. Further, Georgetown argued that plaintiff’s
       request for punitive damages must be stricken because plaintiff had not sufficiently alleged malice to
       support his request for punitive damages. Georgetown did not raise these issues on appeal.
           2
             According to Madrid’s affidavit, MedStar owns and operates Georgetown University Hospital.

                                                     -3-
       separate and independent from his unpaid faculty appointment with Georgetown. Dr. Kessler
       stated that Georgetown has not directed or exercised any control over the manner or method in
       which he performed his volunteer work for the NHF. Finally, Dr. Kessler stated the allegations
       in the complaint are incorrect; however, he claims that even if he had committed such actions,
       he would not have done so in his capacity as an unpaid faculty member with Georgetown.
¶ 11        Plaintiff submitted his own affidavit in support of his response to Georgetown’s motion to
       dismiss. In the affidavit, plaintiff stated that he is a practicing physician in Illinois and was the
       medical director of the Comprehensive Bleeding Disorders Center (CBDC), a nonprofit
       organization devoted to treating children and adults with bleeding and clotting disorders.
       CBDC is based in Peoria, Illinois, and has locations throughout the state. Plaintiff claims that
       since the filing of the complaint in this case and as a result of the defamatory statements made
       by the defendants, CBDC terminated plaintiff’s position as medical director of CBDC on
       March 4, 2016.
¶ 12        Plaintiff also attached over 50 pages of unverified exhibits, without a supporting affidavit,
       to his response in opposition to the motion to dismiss.3 These exhibits consist of information
       downloaded from various websites regarding Georgetown’s recruiting and fundraising efforts
       in Illinois. The exhibits show that for the class of 2016, Georgetown had 691 applicants and 48
       admitted students from Illinois. In 2015, Georgetown’s office of undergraduate admissions
       made visits to Chicago and Champaign, Illinois, to recruit applicants. Generally, all first-year
       applicants to Georgetown’s undergraduate program are required to be interviewed in Illinois
       by a local alumnus as a part of the admissions process. Georgetown also has an alumni club
       located in Chicago, Illinois. Georgetown regularly holds recruiting and alumni events in
       Illinois in relation to its business and law schools. In addition, Georgetown relies upon the
       fundraising efforts of the university’s Illinois alumni. For example, in 2013, Georgetown
       issued a press release indicating that a larger proportion of Chicago alumni donated funds in a
       one-day fundraising effort than any of Georgetown’s other six largest domestic undergraduate
       markets.
¶ 13        Plaintiff also attached an exhibit containing a portion of Georgetown’s faculty handbook.
       According to Georgetown’s faculty handbook, the university encourages its faculty members
       to engage in service to their profession, including teaching and research activities, and service
       to the public. Georgetown also encourages its faculty members to participate in important
       professional and educational associations and societies in their respective fields. The quality
       and quantity of a faculty member’s service is considered in evaluating a faculty member. In
       regards to faculty members’ participation in scholarly activities, the handbook states:
                    “Occasional participation in traditional scholarly activities such as, but not limited
                to, service on study sections and review panels, delivery of academic seminars, the
                review, presentation or writing of scholarly papers, and service on editorial boards is
                considered part of the routine academic duty of faculty members. No advance review is
                required for activities of this type so long as they do not conflict with other faculty
                duties.”

           3
             Illinois Supreme Court Rule 191(a) requires that affidavits submitted in connection with a motion
       to contest personal jurisdiction under section 2-301 of the Code “have attached thereto sworn or
       certified copies of all documents upon which the affiant relies.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 191(a) (eff. Jan. 4, 2013).
       However, Georgetown has not objected to the foundation for these exhibits.

                                                        -4-
       In addition, plaintiff submitted additional exhibits for the trial court’s consideration that
       documented Dr. Kessler spoke about his affiliation with Georgetown University during
       various speaking engagements and mentioned his status as an editor of a scientific journal on
       various websites.
¶ 14       After Georgetown’s motion to dismiss was fully briefed, the trial court received arguments
       from the parties but did not conduct an evidentiary hearing. On June 9, 2016, the trial court
       entered an order summarily denying Georgetown’s motion to dismiss. The court order did not
       include any factual findings or provide the court’s rationale for denying Georgetown’s motion
       to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction.

¶ 15                                             ANALYSIS
¶ 16        In this appeal, Georgetown, a nonresident of this state, contends the Illinois long-arm
       statute does not give rise to either general or specific jurisdiction over Georgetown based on
       the facts alleged in the complaint and the affidavits submitted by the parties. Additionally,
       Georgetown asserts that the exercise of personal jurisdiction over the university violates due
       process.
¶ 17        Conversely, plaintiff argues that Georgetown is subject to general jurisdiction under the
       long-arm statute due to the university’s continuous and systematic business contacts in the
       state. Alternatively, plaintiff submits that even if Georgetown did not maintain continuous and
       systematic business contacts with this state, Georgetown is subject to specific jurisdiction in
       this case because Georgetown’s agent, Dr. Kessler, “purposefully directed” his conduct at
       plaintiff, who resided in Illinois, and plaintiff’s injuries arise out of Georgetown’s
       Illinois-related activities.
¶ 18        The Illinois long-arm statute governs the exercise of personal jurisdiction by an Illinois
       court over a nonresident defendant such as Georgetown. 735 ILCS 5/2-209 (West 2014);
       Russell v. SNFA, 2013 IL 113909, ¶ 29. The parties focus on subsections (a) and (b) of the
       long-arm statute for purposes of this appeal. Subsection (a) contains provisions pertaining to
       specific jurisdiction, whereas subsection (b) contains provisions pertaining to general
       jurisdiction. 735 ILCS 5/2-209(a), (b) (West 2014). Subsection (c) of the long-arm statute is
       not at issue. 735 ILCS 5/2-209(c) (West 2014).
¶ 19        Traditionally, Illinois courts have applied a two-part test to decide jurisdictional issues
       under the long-arm statute, “first determining whether a specific statutory provision of section
       2-209 has been satisfied, and then determining whether the due process requirements of the
       United States and Illinois Constitutions have been met.” Russell, 2013 IL 113909, ¶ 29.
¶ 20        A party who objects to the court’s personal jurisdiction may file a motion to dismiss for
       lack of jurisdiction pursuant to section 2-301 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-301 (West 2014)).
       “The plaintiff bears the burden of making a prima facie showing that the trial court has
       personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant.” McNally v. Morrison, 408 Ill. App. 3d
       248, 254 (2011). “A defendant’s uncontradicted evidence that defeats jurisdiction can
       overcome a plaintiff’s prima facie showing.” Id.
¶ 21        In this case, the trial court determined personal jurisdiction solely on the basis of
       documentary evidence and without an evidentiary hearing. Consequently, the case law
       provides that our standard of review on the issue of personal jurisdiction is de novo. Russell,
       2013 IL 113909, ¶ 28.


                                                  -5-
¶ 22      We address both general and specific personal jurisdiction separately below.

¶ 23                                        I. General Jurisdiction
¶ 24        On appeal, Georgetown asserts that the trial court does not have general jurisdiction over
       the university because it was not “doing business” in the state of Illinois, as required for
       general jurisdiction to attach. General jurisdiction is governed by subsection (b) of section
       2-209, which provides four bases in which an Illinois court has general jurisdiction over a
       defendant. 735 ILCS 5/2-209(b) (West 2014). Subsection (b)(4) of section 2-209 confers
       general jurisdiction over a defendant “doing business” in the state, regardless of whether the
       cause of action arises within Illinois. 735 ILCS 5/2-209(b)(4) (West 2014).
¶ 25        The “doing business” requirement under subsection (b)(4) of the long-arm statute is a very
       demanding standard for a plaintiff to meet. Since a bright-line test does not exist to determine
       whether general jurisdiction exists pursuant to section 2-209(b)(4) of the Illinois long-arm
       statute, “[c]ourts must make a case-by-case determination on the unique facts presented when
       deciding whether a corporation’s activities are sufficiently permanent and continuous” to
       satisfy the standard. Khan v. Van Remmen, Inc., 325 Ill. App. 3d 49, 54 (2001).
¶ 26        Existing case law “requires the nonresident corporation’s business activity in Illinois to be
       carried on, not casually or occasionally, but with a fair measure of permanence and
       continuity.” Cardenas Marketing Network, Inc. v. Pabon, 2012 IL App (1st) 111645, ¶ 31.
       This requirement means that in effect, “the foreign corporation has taken up residence in
       Illinois and, therefore, may be sued on causes of action both related and unrelated to its
       activities in Illinois.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP v.
       City of East Chicago, 401 Ill. App. 3d 947, 953 (2010).
¶ 27        The United States Supreme Court held in Daimler AG v. Bauman that general jurisdiction
       “calls for an appraisal of a corporation’s activities in their entirety, nationwide and
       worldwide.” Daimler AG v. Bauman, 571 U.S. ___, ___ n.20, 134 S. Ct. 746, 762 n.20 (2014).
       Daimler established that a corporate defendant is subject to general jurisdiction only where the
       corporation’s place of incorporation or principal place of business is located, except in the
       most “exceptional” cases. Id. at ___ n.19, 134 S. Ct. at 761 n.19.
¶ 28        While the issue involving general jurisdiction pertaining to an out-of-state university is one
       of first impression for this court, other jurisdictions have had the opportunity to address this
       issue. Where an out-of-state educational institution contacts new students and directs efforts to
       raise funds from former students (alumni) residing in another state, courts have held that such
       activities do not create general jurisdiction in the other state. See, e.g., Thackurdeen v. Duke
       University, 130 F. Supp. 3d 792, 799-800 (S.D.N.Y. 2015) (“a university or college cannot be
       deemed ‘at home’ in a forum merely because it engages in the sort of minimal and sporadic
       contact with the state that is common to all national universities”), aff’d, 660 F. App’x 43 (2d
       Cir. 2016); American University System, Inc. v. American University, 858 F. Supp. 2d 705,
       713-14 (N.D. Tex. 2012) (“In similar cases involving the issue of personal jurisdiction over an
       out-of-state educational institution, courts have unanimously determined that the institution is
       not subject to general personal jurisdiction where its only contacts with the forum state are its
       involvement in activities that are typical of a nationally prominent university.”); Gehling v. St.
       George’s School of Medicine, Ltd., 773 F.2d 539, 542 (3d Cir. 1985) (“Advanced educational
       institutions typically draw their student body from numerous states, and appellants’ theory
       would subject them to suit on non-forum related claims in every state where a member of the

                                                    -6-
       student body resides. Thus, the fact that residents of the state apply and are accepted for
       admission to St. George’s is of no moment.”).
¶ 29        As stated above, the plaintiff bears the burden of making a prima facie showing that the
       trial court has personal jurisdiction over this particular nonresident defendant. McNally, 408
       Ill. App. 3d at 254. The record shows Georgetown is a private university located in
       Washington, D.C. The university both recruits and educates students from the state of Illinois.
       However, these students must travel to Washington, D.C., in order to receive their education.
       The university has no campuses or offices located in the state of Illinois. Georgetown currently
       has approximately 6000 employees, and only one of those employees has a primary work
       address in Illinois.
¶ 30        Based on the facts set forth in the pleadings and the affidavits, we reject the notion that this
       is an “exceptional case” where the nonresident university’s contacts with the state of Illinois
       qualify as the type of systematic and continuous operations rendering Georgetown essentially
       “at home” in the state of Illinois for purposes of general personal jurisdiction based on general
       business activities. See Daimler, 571 U.S. at ___ n.19, 134 S. Ct. at 761 n.19.

¶ 31                                        II. Specific Jurisdiction
¶ 32       Next, we address Georgetown’s argument that specific jurisdiction does not exist in this
       case. Subsection (a)(2) allows for specific jurisdiction where the cause of action arises out of
       the commission of a tortious act within the state. 735 ILCS 5/2-209(a)(2) (West 2014).4
¶ 33       Specific personal jurisdiction exists where (1) the defendant has purposefully directed his
       activities at residents of the forum and (2) the litigation results from alleged injuries that arise
       out of or relate to those activities. Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 472 (1985).
       In Walden v. Fiore, the United States Supreme Court emphasized that “[t]he proper question is
       not where the plaintiff experienced a particular injury or effect but whether the defendant’s
       conduct connects him to the forum in a meaningful way.” Walden v. Fiore, 571 U.S. ___, ___,
       134 S. Ct. 1115, 1125 (2014). The court asserted that “the plaintiff cannot be the only link
       between the defendant and the forum”; rather, it “is the defendant’s conduct that must form the
       necessary connection with the forum State that is the basis for its jurisdiction over him.” Id. at
       ___, 134 S. Ct. at 1122.
¶ 34       Therefore, we examine whether Georgetown’s conduct created the necessary connection in
       this state to generate specific jurisdiction. “Under the doctrine of respondeat superior, a
       principal may be held liable for the tortious actions of an agent which cause a plaintiff’s injury,
       even if the principal does not himself engage in any conduct in relation to the plaintiff.” Woods
       v. Cole, 181 Ill. 2d 512, 517 (1998). However, a principal can only be held liable for those acts
       committed by an agent acting within the scope of his agency. Lang v. Silva, 306 Ill. App. 3d
       960, 972 (1999). In Kaporovskiy v. Grecian Delight Foods, Inc., 338 Ill. App. 3d 206, 210

           4
             On appeal, plaintiff cites subsection (a)(1) of the long-arm statute as a basis for specific
       jurisdiction. 735 ILCS 5/2-209(a)(1) (West 2014). However, plaintiff has not argued that this cause of
       action arose out of Georgetown’s transaction of business in the state of Illinois. Consequently, plaintiff
       forfeited any argument for specific jurisdiction pursuant to subsection (a)(1) of the long-arm statute.
       See Wolfe v. Menard, Inc., 364 Ill. App. 3d 338, 348 (2006) (a party “must argue the points that he or
       she raises, or they are waived. [Citation.] A conclusory assertion, without supporting analysis, is not
       enough.”).

                                                       -7-
       (2003), the court observed that the right to control the actions of another is the hallmark of
       agency.
¶ 35        To determine whether an agent’s tortious acts were committed within the scope of
       employment with the principal, Illinois courts look to the Restatement (Second) of Agency for
       guidance. Bagent v. Blessing Care Corp., 224 Ill. 2d 154, 164 (2007). The Restatement
       provides, in relevant part:
                    “(1) Conduct of servant is within the scope of employment if, but only if:
                        (a) it is of the kind he is employed to perform;
                        (b) it occurs substantially within the authorized time and space limits[, and]
                        (c) it is actuated, at least in part, by a purpose to serve the master ***[.]
                        ***
                    (2) Conduct of a servant is not within the scope of employment if it is different in
                kind from that authorized, far beyond the authorized time or space limits, or too little
                actuated by a purpose to serve the master.” Restatement (Second) of Agency § 228
                (1958).
       Ultimately, “[w]hether an employee was acting within the course of the employment depends
       on the employment contract and the nature of the relationship, which must exist at the time of
       and in respect to the particular facts out of which the injury arose.” Bagent, 224 Ill. 2d at 165.
¶ 36        Generally, the existence of an agency relationship is a question reserved to the trier of fact,
       but “it is an issue of law where the facts relating to the relationship are undisputed or no
       liability exists as a matter of law.” Krickl v. Girl Scouts, Illinois Crossroads Council, Inc., 402
       Ill. App. 3d 1, 5 (2010). However, if no reasonable person could conclude that an employee
       was acting within the scope of employment, a court may hold that the employee was not acting
       so as a matter of law. Bagent, 224 Ill. 2d at 165.
¶ 37        In this case, plaintiff’s defamation complaint includes a broad allegation stating Dr.
       Kessler acted as an agent of Georgetown when he communicated information about plaintiff’s
       qualifications to receive a prestigious award from the NHF. To rebut this allegation concerning
       the issue of whether Georgetown had control over Dr. Kessler’s conduct as a volunteer for the
       NHF, Georgetown submitted two affidavits in support of the university’s motion to dismiss for
       lack of personal jurisdiction.
¶ 38        Specifically, the affidavits prepared by Madrid and Dr. Kessler indicate Dr. Kessler’s
       volunteer work with the NHF is separate and independent from Dr. Kessler’s unpaid faculty
       position with Georgetown. In addition, both affidavits address the issue of control and
       establish that Georgetown does not have the ability to direct or control Dr. Kessler’s volunteer
       work with the NHF.
¶ 39        Once Georgetown submitted these affidavits to rebut plaintiff’s conclusory allegations
       concerning agency, plaintiff had the burden to come forward with a counteraffidavit or other
       documentation supporting the exercise of personal jurisdiction. See McNally, 408 Ill. App. 3d
       at 254. It is well established that when “a defendant’s affidavit contesting jurisdiction is not
       refuted by a counteraffidavit filed by the plaintiff, the facts alleged in the defendant’s affidavit
       are accepted as true.” Kutner v. DeMassa, 96 Ill. App. 3d 243, 248 (1981).
¶ 40        On appeal, plaintiff emphasizes that Dr. Kessler regularly identified himself as affiliated
       with Georgetown during speaking engagements and on various websites and dispatched the
       alleged defamatory e-mails to others while using his official Georgetown e-mail address. We

                                                    -8-
       construe these assertions as an attempt to link Dr. Kessler’s comments to Georgetown based on
       some form of apparent authority. While plaintiff relies on Dr. Kessler’s conduct to support this
       argument, “[o]nly the alleged principal’s words and conduct, not those of the alleged agent,
       establish the agent’s authority.” Kaporovskiy, 338 Ill. App. 3d at 210; see also Lundberg v.
       Church Farm, Inc., 151 Ill. App. 3d 452, 461 (1986) (“The agent’s authority must be derived
       from some act or statement of the principal.” (Emphasis in original.)).
¶ 41       The rationale behind the doctrine of apparent authority is that “[t]he principal, having
       created the appearance of authority, is estopped to deny it to the detriment of a third party.”
       State Security Insurance Co. v. Burgos, 145 Ill. 2d 423, 432 (1991). Plaintiff has not pointed
       out any conduct by Georgetown, acting as principal, that would give rise to Dr. Kessler’s
       authority to act as an agent of Georgetown when serving the NHF. While Georgetown
       identifies Dr. Kessler as faculty, there is no mention of the NHF in the faculty profile or other
       materials generated by the educational institution.
¶ 42       In particular, plaintiff has not shown that Georgetown, through its words and conduct,
       created the appearance that Georgetown authorized Dr. Kessler to perform acts for the NHF on
       Georgetown’s behalf. For these reasons, we conclude plaintiff failed to present sufficient
       evidence to rebut Georgetown’s affidavits showing that Dr. Kessler was not acting as an agent
       of Georgetown at the time he communicated his personal views to the NHF.
¶ 43       For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the trial court’s June 9, 2016, order denying
       Georgetown’s motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction. In light of our holding that
       plaintiff has not established a prima facie case for exercising personal jurisdiction over
       Georgetown, we need not address the parties’ remaining due process arguments. Cleary v.
       Philip Morris, Inc., 312 Ill. App. 3d 406, 408 (2000).

¶ 44                                       CONCLUSION
¶ 45      The judgment of the circuit court of Peoria County is reversed.

¶ 46      Judgment reversed.




                                                   -9-
