           SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
             Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department
103
KA 07-00779
PRESENT: CENTRA, J.P., CARNI, LINDLEY, GREEN, AND GORSKI, JJ.


THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, RESPONDENT,

                      V                             MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

BENJAMIN RIVERA, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
(APPEAL NO. 1.)


MULDOON & GETZ, ROCHESTER (GARY MULDOON OF COUNSEL), FOR
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

BENJAMIN RIVERA, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT PRO SE.

MICHAEL C. GREEN, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, ROCHESTER (LESLIE E. SWIFT OF
COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.


       Appeal, by permission of a Justice of the Appellate Division of
the   Supreme Court in the Fourth Judicial Department, from an order of
the   Monroe County Court (Alex R. Renzi, J.), entered March 14, 2007.
The   order denied defendant’s motions pursuant to CPL 440.10 to vacate
the   judgment convicting defendant of murder in the second degree.

     It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is
unanimously affirmed.

     Memorandum: In appeal No. 1, defendant appeals from an order of
County Court (Renzi, J.) denying his CPL 440.10 motions to vacate the
judgment of County Court (Wisner, J. [hereafter, trial court]) in
appeal No. 2, convicting him upon a jury verdict of murder in the
second degree (Penal Law § 125.25 [3]). We note at the outset that,
following our prior affirmance of that judgment convicting defendant
of murder (People v Rivera, 170 AD2d 962, lv denied 77 NY2d 999),
defendant moved for a writ of error coram nobis. He contended that he
was denied effective assistance of appellate counsel because defense
counsel failed to raise an issue on direct appeal that would have
resulted in reversal, i.e., that the trial court’s jury instruction
distorted the “course and furtherance” element of felony murder. We
concluded that the issue may have merit and granted the motion (People
v Rivera, 52 AD3d 1290), and we thus now consider de novo defendant’s
appeal from the judgment in appeal No. 2.

     Addressing first appeal No. 2, we affirm the judgment. Defendant
contends that, in its jury instructions, the trial court misstated an
element of felony murder such that reversal is required. The felony
murder statute provides in relevant part that “[a] person is guilty of
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                                                         KA 07-00779

murder in the second degree when . . .[, a]cting either alone or with
one or more other persons, he commits or attempts to commit [an
enumerated felony], and, in the course of and in furtherance of such
crime or of immediate flight therefrom, he, or another participant, if
there be any, causes the death of a person other than one of the
participants” (Penal Law § 125.25 [3] [emphasis added]). In its main
charge and its supplemental instructions, the trial court erroneously
used the phrase “in the course of or in furtherance of such crime,”
thereby replacing the term “and” with “or.” Defendant, however,
failed to preserve that contention for our review because he never
objected to the error (see People v Griffin, 48 AD3d 1233, 1236, lv
denied 10 NY3d 840). Defendant further contends that the trial court
violated CPL 310.30 by responding to a question from a juror without
first consulting with counsel. Because defense counsel was aware of
both the inquiry from the juror and the trial court’s response
thereto, she was required to object to the trial court’s procedure in
responding to the question in order to preserve defendant’s contention
for our review, and she failed to do so (see People v Ramirez, 15 NY3d
824, 825-826; People v Peller, 8 AD3d 1123, 1123-1124, lv denied 3
NY3d 679). We decline to exercise our power to review those
contentions as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice (see
CPL 470.15 [6] [a]). Viewing the evidence in light of the elements of
the crime as charged to the jury (see People v Danielson, 9 NY3d 342,
349), we reject defendant’s contention that the verdict is against the
weight of the evidence (see generally People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490,
495).

     Addressing next appeal No. 1, we conclude that County Court
properly denied defendant’s motions seeking to vacate the judgment of
conviction in appeal No. 2. Contrary to defendant’s contention, he
did not receive ineffective assistance of counsel based on defense
counsel’s failure to call an accomplice as a witness to testify at
trial. Defense counsel’s alternative decision to request a missing
witness instruction with respect to that witness was a legitimate
trial strategy (see People v McCrone, 12 AD3d 848, 850, lv denied 4
NY3d 800; see generally People v Benevento, 91 NY2d 708, 712-713), and
the trial court in fact granted that request. Also contrary to
defendant’s contention, there was no Brady violation based on the
People’s alleged failure to provide him with that accomplice’s plea
colloquy. “The People are not required to turn over evidence where,
as here, defendant ‘knew of, or should reasonably have known of, the
evidence and its exculpatory nature’ ” (People v Singleton, 1 AD3d
1020, 1021, lv denied 1 NY3d 580). Finally, County Court properly
denied the motions to the extent that they sought to vacate the
judgment on the ground of newly discovered evidence, i.e., a written
statement by another accomplice. The motions, which were made almost
three years after the written statement was issued, were not made with
the requisite due diligence after the discovery of that evidence (see
People v Kandekore, 300 AD2d 318, 319, lv denied 99 NY2d 616, cert
denied 540 US 896). We note in any event that the statement, which
contradicted the accomplice’s prior statement to the police, was
inherently unreliable recantation testimony and thus was insufficient
by itself to warrant vacatur of the judgment (see People v
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                                                         KA 07-00779

Thibodeau, 267 AD2d 952, 953, lv denied 95 NY2d 805; People v
Jackson, 238 AD2d 877, 878-879, lv denied 90 NY2d 859).




Entered:   March 25, 2011                      Patricia L. Morgan
                                               Clerk of the Court
