     13-2773
     Dekom v. New York
                              UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                  FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                       SUMMARY ORDER

     RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A
     SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY
     FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN
     CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE
     EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION
     “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON
     ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

 1           At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held
 2   at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New
 3   York, on the 20th day of November, two thousand fourteen.
 4
 5   PRESENT: AMALYA L. KEARSE,
 6                CHESTER J. STRAUB,
 7                REENA RAGGI,
 8                        Circuit Judges.
 9   _____________________________________
10   MARTIN DEKOM, KENNETH JACOBY,
11   CAROL PENDLETON, on behalf of the Estate of
12   Robert Pendleton,
13                        Plaintiffs-Appellants,
14
15                       v.                                  No. 13-2773-cv
16
17   STATE OF NEW YORK; ANDREW CUOMO,
18   Governor; ERIC T. SCHNEIDERMAN, Attorney
19   General; NEW YORK STATE BOARD OF
20   ELECTIONS; JAMES WALSH, Commissioner;
21   EVELYN AQUILLA, Commissioner;
22   DOUGLAS KELLNER, Commissioner;
23   GREGORY P. PETERSON, Commissioner;
24   NASSAU COUNTY BOARD OF ELECTIONS;
25   LOUIS SAVINETTI, Republican Commissioner;
26   W I L L I A M B I A M O N T E , D e mo c r a t i c
27   Commissioner;
28                           Defendants-Appellees.*
29   _____________________________________
30

     *
      The Clerk of Court is directed to amend the official caption as shown above.
 1   FOR APPELLANTS:                             Martin Dekom, pro se, Manhasset, New York.
 2
 3                                               Kenneth Jacoby, pro se, Oceanside, New York.
 4
 5                                               Carol Pendleton, pro se, Merrick, New York.
 6
 7   FOR APPELLEES:                              Barbara D. Underwood, Solicitor General,
 8                                               Michael S. Belohlavek, Senior Counsel, Karen W.
 9                                               Lin, Assistant Solicitor General for Eric T.
10                                               Schneiderman, Attorney General of the State of
11                                               New York, New York, New York for State of
12                                               New York, Andrew Cuomo, Governor, Eric T.
13                                               Schneiderman, Attorney General, New York State
14                                               Board of Elections, James Walsh, Commissioner,
15                                               Evelyn Aquilla, Commissioner, Douglas Kellner,
16                                               Commissioner, Gregory P. Peterson,
17                                               Commissioner.
18
19                                               Gerald R. Podlesak, Deputy County Attorney for
20                                               Carnell T. Foskey, Nassau County Attorney,
21                                               Mineola, New York for Nassau County Board of
22                                               Elections, Louis Savinetti, Republican
23                                               Commissioner, William Biamonte, Democratic
24                                               Commissioner.
25
26          Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District

27   of New York (Joanna Seybert, Judge).

28          UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND

29   DECREED that the June 19, 2013 judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.

30          In this pro se challenge to provisions of New York State Election Law relating to the

31   designation of candidates for political office, plaintiffs Martin Dekom, Kenneth Jacoby, and

32   Carol Pendleton (on behalf of the Estate of Robert Pendleton) appeal the dismissal of their

33   action for lack of jurisdiction and failure to state a claim, see Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1), (6),

34   as well as the denial of their motions for recusal of the district judge, and for the referral of


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 1   their suit to a three-judge panel. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the facts and record

 2   of prior proceedings, which we reference only as necessary to explain our decision to affirm

 3   largely for the reasons stated by the district court.

 4          We review de novo the dismissal of a complaint for failure to state a claim, construing

 5   the complaint liberally, accepting all factual allegations therein as true, and drawing all

 6   reasonable inferences in plaintiffs’ favor. See Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc., 282 F.3d 147,

 7   152 (2d Cir. 2002). Nevertheless, a complaint must plead “enough facts to state a claim to

 8   relief that is plausible on its face,” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007),

 9   and to admit a “reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged,”

10   Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). “Threadbare recitals of the elements of a cause

11   of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice,” and pleadings that “are

12   no more than conclusions . . . are not entitled to the assumption of truth.” Id. at 678, 679.

13   Dismissals for lack of jurisdiction are likewise reviewed de novo. See Town of Babylon v.

14   Fed. Hous. Fin. Agency, 699 F.3d 221, 227 (2d Cir. 2012).

15          Although this court has not explicitly identified the standard of review for denial of

16   a motion for reassignment to a three-judge panel under 42 U.S.C. § 1973aa-2, we have

17   recognized a similar three-judge panel requirement as jurisdictional, see Kalson v. Paterson,

18   542 F.3d 281, 287 (2d Cir. 2008), thus triggering de novo review.

19          We review the denial of a recusal motion for abuse of discretion. See United States

20   v. Carlton, 534 F.3d 97, 100 (2d Cir. 2008). Title 28 U.S.C. § 455 states that “[a]ny justice,

21   judge, or magistrate judge of the United States shall disqualify himself in any proceeding in

22   which his impartiality might reasonably be questioned,” or “[w]here he has a personal bias

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 1   or prejudice concerning a party, or personal knowledge of disputed evidentiary facts

 2   concerning the proceeding.” 28 U.S.C. § 455(a), (b)(1). Under § 455, the relevant inquiry

 3   is “whether an objective, disinterested observer fully informed of the underlying facts,

 4   [would] entertain significant doubt that justice would be done absent recusal, or alternatively,

 5   whether a reasonable person, knowing all the facts, would question the judge’s impartiality.”

 6   United States v. Yousef, 327 F.3d 56, 169 (2d Cir. 2003) (alteration in original) (internal

 7   quotation marks omitted).

 8          Applying these principles to the record here, we conclude for the reasons stated by the

 9   district court in its well-reasoned and thorough decision that (1) the amended complaint was

10   properly dismissed for lack of jurisdiction and failure to state a claim, (2) the three-judge

11   panel requirement under § 1973aa-2 was inapplicable, and (3) there is no basis for reasonably

12   questioning the impartiality of the district judge so as to require recusal.

13          We have considered all of plaintiffs’ remaining arguments and conclude that they are

14   also without merit. Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court.

15                                               FOR THE COURT:
16                                               Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court
17
18




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