        SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
           Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department

146
KA 10-02192
PRESENT: SCUDDER, P.J., SMITH, CENTRA, LINDLEY, AND VALENTINO, JJ.


THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, RESPONDENT,

                    V                              MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

LEEVARN GRAHAM, JR., DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.


DAVISON LAW OFFICE PLLC, CANANDAIGUA (MARY P. DAVISON OF COUNSEL), FOR
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

SANDRA DOORLEY, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, ROCHESTER (ROBERT J. SHOEMAKER OF
COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.


     Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Monroe County
(Francis A. Affronti, J.), rendered August 10, 2010. The judgment
convicted defendant, upon a jury verdict, of arson in the first
degree.

     It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is
unanimously modified as a matter of discretion in the interest of
justice by reducing the sentence imposed to an indeterminate term of
imprisonment of 15 years to life and as modified the judgment is
affirmed.

     Memorandum: On appeal from a judgment convicting him upon a jury
verdict of arson in the first degree (Penal Law § 150.20 [1]),
defendant contends that he was denied effective assistance of counsel
by a “litany of errors” by his trial counsel. Initially, we note that
the majority of defendant’s contentions “involve[] matters outside the
record on appeal, and thus the proper procedural vehicle for raising
[those contentions] is by way of a motion pursuant to CPL 440.10”
(People v Wilson, 49 AD3d 1224, 1225, lv denied 10 NY3d 966; see
People v Russell, 83 AD3d 1463, 1465, lv denied 17 NY3d 800). We
reject defendant’s contention with respect to those alleged instances
of ineffective assistance of counsel that are properly before us (see
generally People v Baldi, 54 NY2d 137, 147). Contrary to defendant’s
contention, his attorney was not ineffective in failing to make a
proper motion for a trial order of dismissal or to request a jury
charge on a lesser included offense. It is well settled that “[t]he
failure to provide a specific basis for a trial order of dismissal
that had no chance of success does not constitute ineffective
assistance of counsel” (People v Woodard, 96 AD3d 1619, 1621, lv
denied 19 NY3d 1030; see generally People v Stultz, 2 NY3d 277, 287,
rearg denied 3 NY3d 702), and motions to dismiss or reduce the
indictment based on the insufficiency of the evidence had virtually no
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                                                         KA 10-02192

chance of success. Indeed, we note that defendant does not challenge
the sufficiency or the weight of the evidence on appeal, nor does he
contend that any lesser included offenses should have been charged.
Defendant’s contention that trial counsel was ineffective in failing
to retain an expert regarding the proof that a fire occurred is
unavailing because “defendant has not established that such expert
‘testimony was available, that it would have assisted the jury in its
determination or that he was prejudiced by its absence’ ” (People v
Woolson, 122 AD3d 1353, 1354; see People v Nelson, 94 AD3d 1426, 1426,
lv denied 19 NY3d 999). Defendant’s contention that his counsel was
ineffective by taking a position adverse to that of defendant during
summation is without merit because counsel did not do so. In any
event, “[t]o prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel,
it is incumbent on defendant to demonstrate the absence of strategic
or other legitimate explanations” for counsel’s alleged shortcomings
(People v Rivera, 71 NY2d 705, 709; see People v Taylor, 1 NY3d 174,
177), and defendant failed to make such a demonstration with respect
to counsel’s comments during summation.

     Defendant further contends that he was deprived of a fair trial
by certain rulings during the trial. With respect to defendant’s
contention that the court erred in denying his request for an adverse
inference instruction regarding the fire investigator’s failure to
record the interrogation of defendant, “[t]his Court has repeatedly
determined . . . that the failure to record a defendant’s
interrogation electronically does not constitute a denial of due
process . . . , and thus an adverse inference charge was not
warranted” (People v Nathan, 108 AD3d 1077, 1078, lv denied 23 NY3d
966 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see People v McMillon, 77 AD3d
1375, 1375, lv denied 16 NY3d 897). Defendant’s contention that he
was deprived of a fair trial by the court’s failure to give an
intoxication charge likewise is without merit. Although such a charge
may have been warranted, any error in failing to give such a charge is
harmless because the proof of defendant’s guilt was overwhelming, “and
there is no significant probability that defendant would have been
acquitted but for the error” (People v Thomas, 96 AD3d 1670, 1672, lv
denied 19 NY3d 1002; see People v Greene, 186 AD2d 147, 147-148, lv
denied 81 NY2d 840; cf. People v Ressler, 302 AD2d 921, 922).

     Defendant further contends that reversal is required based on
prosecutorial misconduct. Defendant did not object with respect to
the prosecutor’s allegedly improper elicitation of evidence, and thus
failed to preserve for our review his contention concerning that
alleged instance of misconduct (see People v Alexander, 51 AD3d 1380,
1383, lv denied 11 NY3d 733). Although defense counsel did object
regarding one alleged instance of misconduct during the prosecutor’s
summation, the court sustained that objection and gave curative
instructions to the jury. “Following the Trial Judge’s curative
instructions, defense counsel neither objected further, nor requested
a mistrial. Under these circumstances, the curative instructions must
be deemed to have corrected the error to the defendant’s satisfaction”
(People v Heide, 84 NY2d 943, 944). The prosecutor’s other allegedly
improper comment on summation was both fair comment on the evidence
and a fair response to defense counsel’s summation (see People v
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                                                         KA 10-02192

Weaver, 118 AD3d 1270, 1271, lv denied 24 NY3d 965; People v Green, 60
AD3d 1320, 1322, lv denied 12 NY3d 915). In any event, we conclude
with respect to both the preserved and the unpreserved contentions
that any misconduct that may have occurred “was not so egregious as to
deprive defendant of a fair trial” (People v Tolliver, 267 AD2d 1007,
1008, lv denied 94 NY2d 908).

     We agree with defendant, however, that the sentence is unduly
harsh and severe insofar as the court imposed an indeterminate term of
imprisonment of 25 years to life, particularly in light of defendant’s
lack of prior felony convictions and the minimal damage and lack of
injury that were caused by this incident. We therefore modify the
judgment, as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice (see
CPL 470.15 [6] [b]), by reducing the term of imprisonment to an
indeterminate term of 15 years to life.

     We have reviewed defendant’s remaining contention and conclude
that it does not warrant reversal or further modification of the
judgment.




Entered:   February 13, 2015                    Frances E. Cafarell
                                                Clerk of the Court
