                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                               AT JACKSON
                               November 14, 2012 Assigned on Brief

                           CAROLYN WHITESELL
                                    v.
                    KAYLENE MILLER AND PATRICIA MOORE

                       Appeal from the Circuit Court of Coffee County
                          No. 36798 Vanessa A. Jackson, Judge


                 No. M2011-02745-COA-R3-CV - Filed December 21, 2012


The appeal concerns a dispute over personal property. The appellant landlord refused to
permit the appellee tenant to renew her lease, and the tenant was forced to leave the premises.
Several items of personal property belonging to the tenant were apparently left behind. The
tenant sued the landlord for reimbursement for the value of the property. After a bench trial,
the trial court ordered the landlord to reimburse the tenant. The landlord now appeals. As
the appellate record contains neither a transcript of the proceedings nor a statement of
evidence, we affirm.

    Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

H OLLY M. K IRBY , J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which A LAN E. H IGHERS, P.J.,
W.S., and J. S TEVEN S TAFFORD, J., joined.

Robert T. Carter, Tullahoma, Tennessee, for Defendant/Appellant, Patricia Moore

Carolyn Whitesell, Plaintiff/Appellee.1




1
 Plaintiff/Appellee Whitesell is self-represented in this appeal and did not file a brief. Whitesell sent the
Court a letter requesting oral argument; in the absence of a brief, her request was denied. See Tenn. R. App.
P. 35(a).
                                              OPINION

                                 F ACTS AND P ROCEEDINGS B ELOW

Defendant/Appellant Patricia Moore owned the premises in Tullahoma, Tennessee, that is
the subject of this appeal. For twenty years, Moore has rented the property to various
individuals, all of whom have operated the location as a bar.

In November 2006, Plaintiff/Appellee Carolyn Whitesell purchased the business that was
operating on Moore’s property, known as the “Good Times Lounge,” from Kaylene Miller
for $22,000. The transaction included several items of bar equipment and inventory; these
were transferred to Whitesell as part of the sale of the business. After purchasing the Good
Times Lounge, Whitesell began paying rent to Moore on a month-to-month basis for use of
the property. After Whitesell missed several monthly rental payments, Moore informed
Whitesell that her lease would not be renewed and took steps to have Whitesell removed
from the premises.

In January 2008, Moore filed a civil warrant against Whitesell in General Sessions Court.
After a hearing, Moore was awarded possession of the property, and Whitesell was given ten
days to vacate the premises and remove all of her personal property from the building.
Apparently some items of property were left behind. The General Sessions Court set a
hearing in February 2008 on the issue of damages. From the record, it is unclear what took
place at this hearing.2

In September 2008, Whitesell filed a civil warrant in General Sessions Court against Miller
and Moore, seeking reimbursement for improvements she allegedly made to Moore’s
leasehold property. Whitesell presented a list of items she allegedly purchased from Miller
as part of her purchase of the Good Times Lounge. In October 2008, the General Sessions
Court awarded Whitesell damages against Miller in the amount of $15,025 and against
Moore in the amount of $3,100. Both Miller and Moore appealed the General Sessions
judgment to the Coffee County Circuit Court, for a de novo trial.

In Circuit Court, Moore filed a motion to amend her answer and assert a counterclaim against
Whitesell. The counterclaim alleged that Whitesell destroyed fixtures to the property and
damaged a wall. Moore claimed that this adversely affected her ability to rent the property




2
 Moore claims that Whitesell failed to appear at the hearing. An affidavit in the record by Whitesell asserts
that Whitesell appeared at the hearing and Moore’s claim was dismissed.

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and resulted in damages in the form of repairs and lost rent. The Circuit Court granted
Moore’s motion to amend and to assert her counterclaim.

The Circuit Court conducted a trial on September 30, 2011 and October 5, 2011. The
appellate record does not contain either a transcript of the proceedings or a statement of the
evidence.

On November 15, 2011, the trial court issued its findings of fact and conclusions of law. The
trial court found that Whitesell failed to carry her burden of proof regarding whether the deck
and attached fencing were personal property or had become fixtures, and so declined to
award Whitesell damages in the amount of their value. The trial court found that the
remaining items of property were Miller’s personal property and were transferred to
Whitesell. It found further that these items did not become permanent fixtures attached to
Moore’s property and they were retained by Moore after Whitesell was removed from the
premises, and so awarded Whitesell a judgment against Moore in the amount of $3,625.

Whitesell then filed a notice of appeal. Moore also filed a notice of appeal. Miller did not
appeal.

On appeal, Whitesell failed to file an appellate brief, and eventually informed the appellate
court clerk that she did not wish to pursue her appeal. Accordingly, on May 24, 2011,
Whitesell’s appeal was dismissed.

Because Moore had also filed a notice of appeal, Moore was reassigned as the appellant. On
appeal, Moore sought and was granted an opportunity to secure a statement of the evidence
approved by the trial court. Ultimately, no statement of the evidence was filed with this
Court. Moore filed an appellate brief, but Whitesell did not. Moore waived oral argument
on appeal, and the matter was submitted for decision on the record and on Moore’s appellate
brief.

                      ISSUES ON A PPEAL AND S TANDARD OF R EVIEW

In her appellate brief, Moore presents two issues for review:

       Whether the trial court erred in holding that the appellant was liable to the
       appellee for the voluntary and gratuitous improvements made by the appellee
       to the leasehold property owned by the appellant.

       Whether the trial court’s award of monetary damages in favor of the appellee
       and against the appellant was contrary to the weight of evidence.

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Because this matter was decided by the trial court without a jury, the trial court’s findings of
facts are reviewed de novo on the record, with a presumption that those findings are correct
unless the evidence preponderates otherwise. Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d). The trial court’s
conclusions of law are reviewed de novo, with no presumption of correctness. Nashville
Ford Tractor, Inc. v. Great Am. Ins. Co., 194 S.W.3d 415, 424-25 (Tenn. Ct. 2005).
Additionally, where the trial court has seen and heard the witnesses, its judgment regarding
their credibility and the weight to be given their testimony is accorded considerable deference
on appeal. McCaleb v. Saturn Corp., 910 S.W.2d 412, 415 (Tenn. 1995); Fell v. Rambo,
36 S.W.3d 837, 846 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2000).

                                           A NALYSIS

At the outset, we address the state of the record presented to us on appeal. In a filing made
with this Court during the pendency of the appeal, Moore asserted that a statement of the
evidence was filed with the trial court. Despite this assertion, the record does not contain a
statement of the evidence. Nor does it include a transcript of the proceedings below. We
have previously discussed the predicament this presents to the appellate court:

       When reviewing a trial court’s decision under this standard, particularly the
       trial court’s findings of fact, it is essential that the appellate court be provided
       with a transcript of the trial proceedings or a statement of the evidence that
       comports with Rule 24 of the Tennessee Rules of Appellate Procedure.
       Without a transcript or a statement of the evidence, the appellate court cannot
       know what evidence was presented to the trial court, and there is no means by
       which we can evaluate the appellant’s assertion that the evidence did not
       support the trial court’s decision.

Britt v. Chambers, No. W2006-00061-COA-R3-CV, 2007 WL 177902 at *3; 2007 Tenn.
App. LEXIS 38, at *7-8 (Tenn. Ct. App. Jan. 25, 2007) (footnote omitted); Sherrod v. Wix,
849 S.W.2d 780, 783 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1992).

In this case, Moore argues that Whitesell voluntarily and gratuitously made improvements
to the leasehold, and so is not entitled to reimbursement. Resolution of this issue requires
review of the evidence supporting the trial court’s factual finding that the items at issue were
personal property and not fixtures. Without a transcript or a statement of the evidence, we
cannot review the evidence, and indeed cannot even identify the specific items of property
that are at issue. Moreover, the trial court’s factual findings on these issues are premised in
large part on the trial court’s assessment of the witnesses’ credibility regarding their
intentions with respect to the property.                   See Keenan v. Fodor, No.
M2011-01475-COA-R3-CV, 2012 WL 3090303, at *6; 2012 Tenn. App. LEXIS 521, at *18-

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19 (Tenn. Ct. App. July 30, 2012) (“[W]hen considering whether a chattel has become a
fixture, the court must look to the manner and strength of its attachment to the realty, the
difficulty and consequences of removing it, and the owner’s intention at the time of
attachment . . . the most important consideration of all is the intention of the parties and that
the significance of the other factors comes principally from their role in supplying some sort
of objective proof of the avowed intentions of the parties.”); ANR Pipeline Co. v. TN Board
of Equalization, Nos. M2001-01098-COA-R12-CV, M2001-01117-COA-R12-CV, M2001-
01119-COA-R12-CV, 2002 WL 31840689, at *3; 2002 Tenn. App. LEXIS 897, at *10-11
(Tenn. Ct. App. Dec. 19, 2002).

In the absence of any means by which to review the evidence presented, we must assume that
the evidence at trial supported the trial court’s factual findings. See Estate of Cockrill, No.
M2010-00663-COA-R3-CV, 2010 WL 4939950, at *4; 2010 Tenn. App. LEXIS 754, at
*11-12 (Tenn. Ct. App. Dec. 2, 2010) (“[W]here no transcript or statement of the evidence
is filed, the appellate court is required to presume that the record, had it been properly
preserved, would have supported the action of the trial court.”) (citing Reinhardt v. Neal,
241 S.W.3d 472, 477 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2007); Sherrod, 849 S.W.2d at 783).

Moore also argues that there was ample testimony from witnesses at trial to refute
Whitesell’s claims regarding the existence, value, and quality of the items left on the
premises. Without a transcript or a statement of the evidence, we have no way to ascertain
the truth of this assertion. Again: “Without a transcript or a statement of the evidence, the
appellate court cannot know what evidence was presented to the trial court, and there [are]
no means by which we can evaluate the appellant’s assertion that the evidence did not
support the trial court’s decision.” Britt, 2007 WL 177902 at *3; 2007 Tenn. App. LEXIS
38, at *8; see also Sherrod, 849 S.W.2d at 783 (“This court cannot review the facts de novo
without an appellate record containing the facts, and therefore, we must assume that the
record, had it been preserved, would have contained sufficient evidence to support the trial
court’s factual findings.”). See also Piper v. Piper, No. M2005-02541-COA-R3-CV, 2007
WL 295237, at *4; 2007 Tenn. App. LEXIS 70, at *11 (Tenn. Ct. App. Feb. 1, 2007) (“An
incomplete appellate record is fatal to an appeal on the facts.”).

In the absence of a transcript or a statement of the evidence, we must conclusively presume
that the evidence presented supported the facts as found by the trial court. Britt, 2007 WL
177902 at *3; 2007 Tenn. App. LEXIS 38, at *8 (citing Leek v. Powell, 884 S.W.2d 118, 121
(Tenn. Ct. App. 1996); Lallemand v. Smith, 667 S.W.2d 85, 88 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1983)).
With no means to review the evidence, we are left with little choice but to affirm the trial
court’s decisions on all issues raised by Moore on appeal.




                                               -5-
                                      C ONCLUSION

The decision of the trial court is affirmed. Costs on appeal are assessed against Appellant
Patricia Moore and her surety, for which execution may issue if necessary.




                                                        ___________________________
                                                          HOLLY M. KIRBY, JUDGE




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