      [Cite as State v. Blackburn , 2011-Ohio-4624.]


                        IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                           FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                               PICKAWAY COUNTY

STATE OF OHIO,                                         :
                                                       :
      Plaintiff-Appellee,                              :   Case No. 10CA46
                                                       :
      vs.                                              :   Released: September 2, 2011
                                                       :
WILLIAM H. BLACKBURN,                                  :   DECISION AND JUDGMENT
                                                       :   ENTRY
      Defendant-Appellant.                             :

                                        APPEARANCES:

Michael D. Hess, Circleville, Ohio, for Appellant.

Judy C. Wolford, Pickaway County Prosecutor, and Matthew L. O’Leary,
Pickaway County Assistant Prosecutor, Circleville, Ohio, for Appellee.


McFarland, J.:

      {¶1} Appellant William H. Blackburn appeals his conviction in the

Pickaway County Court of Common Pleas after a jury convicted him of: burglary,

a second degree felony in violation of R.C. 2911.12(A)(2); failure to comply with

an order or signal of a police officer, a fourth degree felony in violation of R.C.

2921.331(B); theft, a fifth degree felony in violation of R.C. 2913.02(A)(1); and

receiving stolen property, a fifth degree felony in violation of R.C. 2913.51(A).

Appellant raises a single assignment of error, arguing the trial court erred by not

merging his convictions for burglary, theft, and receiving stolen property as allied
Pickaway App. No. 10CA46                                                            2


offenses of similar import. Having reviewed the record, we find the trial court

failed to merge the offenses and sustain Appellant’s assignment of error.

Accordingly, we reverse the trial court’s judgment.

                                        FACTS

      {¶2} On July 20, 2010, two males entered the residence of Aaron Ridenour

(“Ridenour”) in Pickaway County, Ohio and removed an LG brand 52-inch flat-

screen television. Ridenour’s son was home while this occurred and he called the

police, informing them the two men left in a small, red vehicle.

      {¶3} Law enforcement came upon Appellant’s small, red vehicle. Appellant

was driving with a male passenger, and there was a power cord hanging from the

car’s rear door, dragging the ground.

      {¶4} The Sheriff Deputy behind Appellant turned on his vehicle’s overhead

lights to initiate a traffic stop, but Appellant continued driving for nearly two

miles. Appellant’s reason for failing to pull over immediately was he knew he

would be going to jail and wanted to inform his mother where he and the vehicle

would be. Inside the rear of the vehicle was Ridenour’s stolen television.

      {¶5} Despite the circumstantial evidence, Appellant maintained he was not

one of the two men who entered the Ridenour home and stole the television.

Rather, two men called Appellant and insisted he take a television to Columbus

and pawn it. These other men, who coincidentally also drove a small red car, met
Pickaway App. No. 10CA46                                                         3


Appellant at a local gas station and transferred the television from their red car to

his.

       {¶6} The grand jury indicted Appellant for burglary, failure to comply with

an order or signal of a police officer, theft, and receiving stolen property. Both the

theft and receiving stolen property charges related to the television. After a trial,

the petit jury found Appellant guilty of all counts within the indictment.

       {¶7} Prior to sentencing, the trial court merged Appellant’s convictions for

theft and receiving stolen property, but maintained the separate conviction for

burglary. Appellant now appeals.

                            ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

       I.    “THE TRIAL COURT DID ERR BY FAILING TO MERGE
             ALLIED OFFENSES OF SIMILAR IMPORT.”

                                LEGAL ANALYSIS

       {¶8} In his sole assignment of error, Appellant argues the trial court should

have merged his convictions for burglary, theft, and receipt of stolen property. The

state concedes Appellant’s argument. We agree and sustain Appellant’s

assignment of error.

       {¶9} When determining whether multiple offenses should have merged

under R.C. 2941.25, “[o]ur standard of review is de novo.” State v. Buckta (Nov.

12, 1996), 4th Dist. No. 96 CA 3. See, also, Coleman v. Davis, 4th Dist. No.

10CA5, 2011-Ohio-506, at ¶ 16 (“We review questions of law de novo.”), quoting
Pickaway App. No. 10CA46                                                        4


State v. Elkins, 4th Dist. No. 07CA1, 2008-Ohio-674, at ¶ 12, quoting Cuyahoga

Cty. Bd. of Commrs. v. State, 112 Ohio St.3d 59, 2006-Ohio-6499, 858 N.E.2d

330, at ¶ 23.

       {¶10} R.C. 2941.25 provides:

       “(A) Where the same conduct by defendant can be construed to constitute

two or more allied offenses of similar import, the indictment or information may

contain counts for all such offenses, but the defendant may be convicted of only

one.

       “(B) Where the defendant’s conduct constitutes two or more offenses of

dissimilar import, or where his conduct results in two or more offenses of the same

or similar kind committed separately or with a separate animus as to each, the

indictment or information may contain counts for all such offenses, and the

defendant may be convicted of all of them.”

       {¶11} As the Supreme Court explained in State v. Johnson, 128 Ohio St.3d

153, 2010-Ohio-6314, 942 N.E.2d 1061, under R.C. 2941.25, “the court must

determine prior to sentencing whether the offenses were committed by the same

conduct.” Johnson at ¶ 47. The initial question is whether it is possible to commit

the two offenses with the same conduct. Johnson at ¶ 48. If so, we must then look

to the facts of the case and determine whether the two offenses actually were

committed by the same conduct, “i.e., ‘a single act, committed with a single state
Pickaway App. No. 10CA46                                                         5


of mind.’” Johnson at ¶ 49, quoting State v. Brown, 119 Ohio St.3d 447, 2008-

Ohio-4569, 895 N.E.2d 149, at ¶ 50. “If the answer to both questions is yes, then

the offenses are allied offenses of similar import and will be merged.” Johnson at

¶ 50.

        {¶12} “Conversely, if the court determines that the commission of one

offense will never result in the commission of the other, or if the offenses are

committed separately, or if the defendant has separate animus for each offense,

then, according to R.C. 2941.25(B), the offenses will not merge.” Johnson at ¶ 51.

        {¶13} R.C. 2911.12(A), which prohibits burglary, provides:

        “(A) No person, by force, stealth, or deception, shall do any of the

following:

        “* * *

        “(2) Trespass in an occupied structure * * * when any person other than an

accomplice of the offender is present or likely to be present, with purpose to

commit in the habitation any criminal offense.”

        R.C. 2913.02, which addresses theft, provides:

        “(A) No person, with purpose to deprive the owner of property * * *, shall

knowingly obtain or exert control over * * * the property * * * in any of the

following ways:

        “(1) Without the consent of the owner or person authorized to give consent.”
Pickaway App. No. 10CA46                                                         6


        {¶14} R.C. 2913.51(A), addressing receiving stolen property, provides, “No

person shall receive, retain, or dispose of property of another knowing or having

reasonable cause to believe that the property has been obtained through

commission of a theft offense.”

        {¶15} Here, it is possible to commit the offenses of burglary, theft, and

receiving stolen property with the same conduct. One can trespass in an occupied

structure with the intent to commit a theft (burglary), actually commit the theft

(theft), and retain the stolen property (receiving stolen property).

        {¶16} Answering the first question in the affirmative, we then look to

whether the burglary, theft, and receipt of stolen property were actually committed

by the same conduct, “a single act, committed with a single state of mind.” They

were.

        {¶17} The theory of the state’s case was Appellant trespassed inside the

Ridenour residence with the intent to steal the television, stole the television, and

retained it. Though Appellant maintained otherwise, the jury found he did just that

when it convicted him of all counts within the indictment. The state concedes

while it is theoretically possible to commit these acts separately, under the facts of

this case, Appellant committed all three subject crimes with a single act. Thus, the

trial court should have merged the offenses of burglary, theft, and receiving stolen

property.
Pickaway App. No. 10CA46                                                          7


      {¶18} Accordingly, we sustain Appellant’s assignment of error and reverse

the trial court’s judgment of conviction and remand for sentencing. State v.

Whitfield, 124 Ohio St.3d 319, 2010-Ohio-2, 922 N.E.2d 182, at ¶ 25. We note

“[t]he state * * * retains the right to elect which allied offense to pursue on

sentencing on a remand to the trial court after an appeal.” Whitfield at ¶ 21. See,

also, State v. Murphy, 4th Dist. No. 09CA3311, 2010-Ohio-5031, at ¶ 97.


             JUDGMENT REVERSED AND THE CAUSE REMANDED FOR
                  PROCEEDINGS CONSISTENT WITH THIS OPINION.
Pickaway App. No. 10CA46                                                       8


                                 JUDGMENT ENTRY

       It is ordered that the JUDGMENT BE REVERSED AND THE CAUSE
REMANDED FOR PROCEEDINGS CONSISTENT WITH THIS OPINION and
that the Appellant recover of Appellee costs herein taxed.

      The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

     It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the
Pickaway County Common Pleas Court to carry this judgment into execution.

       Any stay previously granted by this Court is hereby terminated as of the date
of this entry.

       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule
27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
       Exceptions.

Abele, J. and Kline, J. : Concur in Judgment and Opinion.

                                              For the Court,


                                              BY: _________________________
                                                  Matthew W. McFarland, Judge




                                NOTICE TO COUNSEL

      Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final
judgment entry and the time period for further appeal commences from the
date of filing with the clerk.
