                     IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 15-2193
                                Filed April 6, 2016


IN THE INTEREST OF A.S.,
Minor Child,

R.B. and K.B., Grandparents,
      Intervenors-Appellants.
________________________________________________________________


         Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Romonda D. Belcher,

District Associate Judge.



         Maternal grandparents appeal the juvenile court decision denying their

request to intervene in child-in-need-of-assistance proceedings. AFFIRMED.




         Lori Ann Bullock of Scheldrup Blades Schrock Smith, P.C., West Des

Moines, for intervenors-appellants.

         Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Janet L. Hoffman and Bruce L.

Kempkes, Assistant Attorneys General, for appellee State.

         ConGarry D. Williams, Juvenile Public Defender, Des Moines, for minor

child.



         Considered by Tabor, P.J., and Bower and McDonald, JJ.
                                          2


BOWER, Judge.

      Maternal grandparents R.B. and K.B. appeal the juvenile court decision

denying their request to intervene in a child in need of assistance (CINA)

proceeding. We find the juvenile court did not abuse its discretion in denying the

motion to intervene. We affirm the decision of the juvenile court.

      I.     Background Facts & Proceedings

      On January 14, 2015, the child was removed from the care of the parents

and placed in the temporary legal custody of the maternal grandparents, R.B.

and K.B.     At that time there were concerns about the mother’s use of

methamphetamine and the father was in prison. In the CINA adjudication and

disposition order the court ordered temporary legal custody of the child would

remain with the maternal grandparents, under the supervision of the Iowa

Department of Human Services (DHS).

      The father was discharged from prison in April 2015.           After a review

hearing, the court entered an order on August 4, 2015, stating the father could

transition to overnight visits at the discretion of DHS. The grandparents filed a

motion to intervene on August 21, 2015.

      The father filed a motion on October 29, 2015, seeking to have the child

placed in his care.    The mother resisted the motion to modify the child’s

placement. On November 2, 2015, the juvenile court placed the child in the
                                         3


temporary legal custody of the father, pending a further hearing. The mother

appealed the juvenile court’s order.1

       While the appeal was pending, a hearing on the grandparents’ motion to

intervene was held on December 8, 2015. In an offer of proof, the grandmother

testified the grandparents were willing to take the child back into their care if he

could not stay with either parent. On the record, the court found the motion for

intervention was timely and the grandparents had an interest in the case. The

court found, however, the grandparents were not seeking custody of the child but

were stating a future interest in case the parents could not care for the child. The

court also found the grandparents’ interest was adequately represented by the

existing parties. The court entered an order stating, “Motion for Intervention is

hereby denied for reasons stated on the record.” The grandparents appeal the

juvenile court decision denying their motion to intervene.

       II.    Standard of Review

       “We review the denial of a motion to intervene for correction of errors at

law, giving some deference to the district court’s discretion.” In re A.G., 558

N.W.2d 400, 403 (Iowa 1997). “The juvenile court is accorded a certain amount

of discretion to deny intervention in proper cases.” In re E.G., 738 N.W.2d 653,

655 (Iowa Ct. App. 2007).

       III.   Merits

       The grandparents claim the juvenile court erred by denying their motion to

intervene in the CINA proceeding. They state they should have been permitted

1
  The Iowa Supreme Court granted the State’s motion to dismiss on December 9, 2015.
The court found the appeal should be treated as an application for an interlocutory
appeal and denied the application.
                                         4


to intervene under Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 1.407. They claim the denial of

their motion to intervene impaired their interest in the CINA proceedings.

Furthermore, the grandparents claim the child’s mother, who is their daughter,

did not adequately represent their interests.

       Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 1.407(1) provides:

              Upon timely application, anyone shall be permitted to
       intervene in an action under any of the following circumstances:
              ....
              b.     When the applicant claims an interest relating to the
       property or transaction which is the subject of the action and the
       applicant is so situated that the disposition of the action may as a
       practical matter impair or impede the applicant’s ability to protect
       that interest, unless the applicant’s interest is adequately
       represented by existing parties.

Under this provision, concerning intervention as of right, an applicant must show

(1) the application to intervene was timely, (2) an interest in the subject matter of

the action, (3) the applicant’s ability to protect that interest may be impaired or

impeded by the disposition of the action, and (4) the applicant’s interest is not

adequately represented by the existing parties. Iowa R. Civ. P. 1.407(1)(b).

       In denying the motion to intervene, the juvenile court stated, on the record:

               This Court, after hearing the offer of proof and hearing the
       arguments of counsel and reviewing the case law, In the Interest of
       A.G., and in reviewing the Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 1.407, this
       Court does find that an intervenor motion for intervention was
       timely.
               Further, the Court finds that the intervenor, the grandmother,
       has an interest. However, the Court does not find that the interest
       may be impaired, nor does the Court find that their interest is not
       adequately represented. The intervenors’ interest is represented
       by the existing parties. And the Court does not find that the
       intervenors’ interest is adverse to the existing parties’ interest,
       adverse to the intervenors parties’ interests.
               The Court does not find that there have been compelling
       reasons for this Court to determine that the intervenors’ interest is
       not adequately represented. The intervener indicated that her
                                           5


       interest is that the child being placed with the mother and if the
       child was not able to be placed with the mother or the father, then
       she would request placement. The grandmother is not seeking
       placement, only seeking placement if placement with a parent is not
       possible.
              Currently, the child is placed with the child’s father as the
       child’s father has been deemed to be appropriate and a safe
       placement for the child. Even if the grandparent had counsel at the
       time that this Court made the determination that the placement was
       modified from the grandparents’ custody to that of the father’s
       custody, the grandparents’ interest would not supersede that of the
       father’s interest, and the father is being determined to be suitable,
       appropriate, and a safe placement for his child.
              For those reasons, the Court further is going to find that
       intervention at this time, as the child is placed with a parent, is not
       in the child’s best interests. So for the reasons thus stated, the
       Court hereby denies the motion to intervene. That is the Court’s
       order.

       “Although we are to liberally construe the rule of intervention, we must be

certain that the applicant has asserted a legal right or liability that will be directly

affected by the litigation.” In re H.N.B., 619 N.W.2d 340, 343 (Iowa 2000). A

grandparent has the “legal right” to be considered for custody in the dispositional

phase of a CINA proceeding, and therefore, has the right to intervene at that

phase of the proceedings. See A.G., 558 N.W.2d at 404. In the present case,

the grandparents were not seeking custody of the child, but rather stated they

would be interested in resuming custody of the child in the future if the parents

were not able to care for the child. We conclude the court did not abuse its

discretion in denying the motion to intervene. We affirm the decision of the

juvenile court.

       AFFIRMED.
