                             2016 IL App (2d) 140529
                                  No. 2-14-0529
                           Opinion filed March 24, 2016
______________________________________________________________________________

                                             IN THE

                              APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

                              SECOND DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE                ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
OF ILLINOIS,                           ) of Lake County.
                                       )
      Plaintiff-Appellee,              )
                                       )
v.                                     ) No. 12-CF-1765
                                       )
ERIC CASTILLO,                         ) Honorable
                                       ) George Bridges,
      Defendant-Appellant.             ) Judge, Presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________

       JUSTICE McLAREN delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
       Justices Jorgensen and Birkett concurred in the judgment and opinion.

                                            OPINION

¶1     Defendant, Eric Castillo, helped execute a plan to kill David Campbell in retaliation for

Campbell’s having been part of a plan to kidnap two people and sexually assault one of them.

Following a jury trial, defendant was convicted of first-degree murder (720 ILCS 5/9-1(a)(1)

(West 2010)), and he was sentenced to 35 years’ imprisonment.            At the beginning of the

proceedings, the assistant public defender withdrew, and the court imposed a public-defender fee

of $250 after the assistant public defender told the court that the public defender’s office had

prepared a motion in defendant’s case. At issue is whether this exchange between the assistant

public defender and the court satisfied the hearing requirement of section 113-3.1(a) of the Code of

Criminal Procedure of 1963 (Code) (725 ILCS 5/113-3.1(a) (West 2010)). For the reasons that
2016 IL App (2d) 140529


follow, we determine that the exchange did not constitute a hearing under that section.

Accordingly, because the State has not argued that the time limit for such a hearing is directory, we

vacate the public-defender fee outright.

¶2     On August 2, 2012, at the very beginning of the proceedings, the assistant public defender

sought to withdraw, as defendant had retained private counsel. Once the court was alerted to this

fact, the court asked defendant if that was true. Defendant responded, “Yes, sir.” Thereafter, the

following exchange occurred between the assistant public defender and the court:

               “THE COURT: All right. Then, the public defender, did you spend any resources

       in the defense of this case?

               MS. HARAN [assistant public defender]: Your Honor, I know that the attorneys

       did go see [defendant]. I see they had prepared a motion, but, obviously, not filed it. And

       that looks like what they have done so far.

               THE COURT: Are you asking me to assess fees?

               MS. HARAN: We are, Judge.

               THE COURT: All right. I’m going to assess a public defender fee in the amount

       of $250.”

¶3     When the court awarded the public-defender fee, the court’s file contained defendant’s

“Certificate of Assets.” This document revealed that defendant worked part-time as a security

officer, taking home $1,000 per month. Nothing in the record specifically indicates that the court

considered this document before it imposed the public-defender fee.

¶4     On May 28, 2014, after the final order was entered, defendant asked the court to appoint

appellate counsel. Before doing so, the court asked defendant if he owned any property or had




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2016 IL App (2d) 140529


any money in the bank. Defendant advised the court that he did not. This timely appeal

followed.

¶5     At issue in this appeal is whether the exchange between the court and the assistant public

defender about the public-defender fee was a hearing for purposes of section 113-3.1(a) of the

Code. Before addressing that issue, we note that forfeiture does not apply. See People v. Love,

177 Ill. 2d 550, 564 (1997) (“Where *** the trial court wholly ignored the statutory procedures

mandated for a [public-defender] reimbursement order *** and instead ordered reimbursement

sua sponte without any warning to the defendant, fairness dictates that waiver should not be

applied.”).

¶6     Turning to the merits, section 113-3.1(a) of the Code authorizes the trial court to order a

criminal defendant for whom counsel has been appointed to pay a reasonable amount to reimburse

the county or the state. Specifically, it provides:

       “In a hearing to determine the amount of the payment, the court shall consider the affidavit

       prepared by the defendant *** and any other information pertaining to the defendant’s

       financial circumstances which may be submitted by the parties. Such hearing shall be

       conducted on the court’s own motion or on motion of the State’s Attorney *** but no later

       than 90 days after the entry of a final order disposing of the case at the trial level.” 725

       ILCS 5/113-3.1(a) (West 2010).

Whether the court complied with section 113-3.1(a) of the Code presents a question of law, which

we review de novo. People v. Gutierrez, 2012 IL 111590, ¶ 16.

¶7     Here, the parties agree that the trial court did not comply with section 113-3.1(a) of the

Code. However, they disagree about the proper remedy. Defendant contends that, because no

hearing under section 113-3.1(a) of the Code was held, and because more than 90 days has passed



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since the final order was entered, the proper remedy is to vacate the public-defender fee outright.

The State claims that the court did hold a hearing under section 113-3.1(a) of the Code, though an

insufficient one, and that thus the proper remedy is to vacate the public-defender fee and remand

the cause for a sufficient hearing. Resolving this dispute mandates that we examine several cases

that have discussed section 113-3.1(a) of the Code.

¶8     In People v. Somers, 2013 IL 114054, our supreme court observed:

       “To comply with the statute, the court may not simply impose the fee in a perfunctory

       manner.       [Citation.]   Rather, the court must give the defendant notice that it is

       considering imposing the fee, and the defendant must be given the opportunity to present

       evidence regarding his or her ability to pay and any other relevant circumstances.

       [Citation.]     The hearing must focus on the costs of representation, the defendant’s

       financial circumstances, and the foreseeable ability of the defendant to pay.” Id. ¶ 14.

¶9     Unfortunately, public-defender fees are routinely imposed in violation of this statute. See

id. ¶ 18. 1 In Gutierrez, the circuit clerk imposed the fee. Gutierrez, 2012 IL 111590, ¶ 21.

Because “the trial court did not order the reimbursement, and there is no indication in the record

that it was even considering doing so,” and because the clerk had no authority to do so on its own,

our supreme court vacated the fee outright. Id. ¶ 24.

¶ 10   In Somers, the trial court, after asking the defendant three questions about his finances, did

order the fee and did so within the required 90 days. Somers, 2013 IL 114054, ¶ 4. In light of

those facts, our supreme court stated:



       1
           Lake County, which is the county from which this appeal arises, historically has had

problems properly imposing the fee. Gutierrez, 2012 IL 111590, ¶¶ 25-26.



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               “Clearly, then, the trial court did not fully comply with the statute, and defendant is

       entitled to a new hearing. Just as clearly, though, the trial court did have some sort of a

       hearing within the statutory time period. The trial court inquired of defendant whether he

       thought he could get a job when he was released from jail, whether he planned on using his

       future income to pay his fines and costs, and whether there was any physical reason why he

       could not work. Only after hearing defendant’s answers to these questions did the court

       impose the fee. Thus, we agree with the State’s contention that the problem here is not

       that the trial court did not hold a hearing within 90 days, but that the hearing that the court

       did hold was insufficient to comply with the statute.” Id. ¶ 15.

Because the trial court had held “some sort of a hearing within the statutory time period,” our

supreme court remanded for a proper hearing. Id.

¶ 11   In People v. Williams, 2013 IL App (2d) 120094, ¶ 20, the trial court imposed the fee, in

open court and within 90 days. However, at no point did the court ask the defendant any

questions about his ability to pay the fee or indicate that it had considered the defendant’s

certificate of assets. Id. ¶ 19. On appeal, the defendant argued that the fee must be vacated

outright, as no hearing was held within 90 days of the final order. Id. ¶ 15. Over a dissent, we

disagreed. Id. ¶ 20. Interpreting our supreme court’s decision in Somers, we ruled that all that is

required under section 113-3.1(a) of the Code is that “the trial court hold ‘some sort of a hearing

within the [90-day] statutory time period.’ ” Id. (quoting Somers, 2013 IL 114054, ¶ 15). This

“some sort of a hearing” does not mandate that the trial court ask the defendant questions about his

finances. Id. Rather, per the dictionary definition of a “hearing” (Black’s Law Dictionary 788

(9th ed. 2009)), “some sort of a hearing” requires “simply that the trial court imposed the fee in

open court, with the parties present, within the 90-day time limit.” Williams, 2013 IL App (2d)



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2016 IL App (2d) 140529


120094, ¶ 25. Because the trial court in Williams held a timely hearing, albeit an insufficient one,

we determined that the proper remedy was to vacate the fee and remand the cause for a sufficient

hearing. Id. ¶ 24.

¶ 12   In People v. Moore, 2015 IL App (1st) 141451, the First District disagreed with Williams.

There, after the defendant was sentenced, the assistant public defender reminded the court that he

had filed a motion for the reimbursement of attorney fees. Id. ¶ 30. The court asked counsel

how many times he had appeared in court, and counsel replied that he and another attorney had

appeared a total of nine times.        Id.   Based on that alone, the court imposed a $150

public-defender fee. Id. On appeal, the court, relying on Somers, held that “ ‘some sort of [a]

hearing’ ” requires more than the imposition of the public-defender fee in open court, with the

parties present, within 90 days after the final order is entered. Id. ¶ 40 (quoting Somers, 2013 IL

114054, ¶ 15). Rather, at the hearing, the court must make an “inquiry, however slight, into the

issue of the defendant’s ability to pay the public defender fee, the defendant’s financial

circumstances and [the defendant’s] foreseeable ability to pay or the defendant’s financial

affidavit, if any.” Id. ¶ 41.

¶ 13   We now decline to follow Williams, and instead we follow Moore. In our view, in

applying the dictionary definition of a “hearing,” the Williams majority ignored our supreme

court’s own definition of a “hearing” under section 113-3.1(a) of the Code. In Love, our supreme

court had held that “section 113-3.1(a) plainly requires that the trial court conduct, within the

specified time period, a hearing into the defendant’s financial resources to determine his ability to

pay reimbursement.” (Emphasis added.) Love, 177 Ill. 2d at 556. Thus, in Somers, when the

court found that the trial court had conducted “some sort of a hearing” under section 113-3.1(a)

(Somers, 2013 IL 114054, ¶¶ 15, 20), it necessarily found that the trial court had conducted “some



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sort of a hearing” into the defendant’s financial resources to determine his ability to pay

reimbursement. Our supreme court could not have been interested in whether the trial court had

conducted “some sort of a hearing” in an abstract sense; in this context, what was pertinent was

whether the trial court had conducted “some sort of a hearing” under section 113-3.1(a). This is

the only reason why the supreme court would have chosen to focus on the trial court’s three

questions about the defendant’s finances. Had the supreme court needed only to distinguish

Gutierrez, i.e., if all that had been required were the trial court’s imposition of the fee in open

court, those questions would have been irrelevant.

¶ 14   We thus agree with Moore that, per Somers, “some sort of a hearing” requires an “inquiry,

however slight, into the issue of the defendant’s ability to pay the public defender fee.” Moore,

2015 IL App (1st) 141451, ¶ 41. In Williams, and in this case, the court did not do so. 2

¶ 15   Having concluded that “some sort of a hearing” was not held here, the question becomes

what remedy should be afforded defendant. That is, should we vacate the fee outright, or should

we vacate the fee and remand the cause for a hearing on the issue. Resolution of that issue hinges

on whether the 90-day limit in section 113-3.1(a) of the Code is mandatory or directory. Vacating

and remanding for a hearing would be appropriate if the 90-day limit is directory. Gutierrez,

2012 IL 111590, ¶¶ 19-20. On the other hand, if the 90-day limit is mandatory, we must vacate

the fee outright. Id. ¶ 21. We need not resolve here whether the 90-day limit is mandatory or

       2
           In reaching this conclusion, we note that the court here asked defendant two questions

about any property he owned and any money he had in the bank. Although these questions shed

light on defendant’s financial circumstances, they were asked in reference to appointing appellate

counsel, not assessing a public-defender fee, and they were posed almost two years after the court

awarded the public-defender fee.



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2016 IL App (2d) 140529


directory. Because the State makes no argument that the 90-day limit is directory, we vacate the

fee outright. See id.

¶ 16   For these reasons, the $250 public-defender fee imposed in this case is vacated. In all

other respects, the judgment of the circuit court of Lake County is affirmed.

¶ 17   Affirmed in part and vacated in part.




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