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                                                              No. 00-461

                   IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA

                                                           2001 MT 159N



                                                    IRENE S. ATRAQCHI,

                                                    Plaintiff and Appellant,

                                                                      v.

                                                     VIRGINIA GEORGE,

                                                 Defendant and Respondent.

                 APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Thirteenth Judicial District,

                                         In and for the County of Yellowstone,

                                 The Honorable Diane G. Barz, Judge presiding.

                                                  COUNSEL OF RECORD:

                                                           For Appellant:

                                    Irene S. Atraqchi, Washington, DC (pro se)

                                                          For Respondent:

                                         Virginia George, Fremont, California

                                 Submitted on Appellant's Brief: April 26, 2001
                                          Decided: August 14, 2001



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                                                                   Filed:

                              __________________________________________

                                                                    Clerk



Justice Patricia Cotter delivered the Opinion of the Court.

¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court 1996 Internal Operating
Rules, the following decision shall not be cited as precedent but shall be filed as a public
document with the Clerk of the Supreme Court and shall be reported by case title,
Supreme Court cause number and result to the State Reporter Publishing Company and to
West Group in the quarterly table of noncitable cases issued by this Court.

¶2 Appellant Irene S. Atraqchi (Atraqchi) appeals the District Court's dismissal of her
cause of action to set aside a fraudulent intra-family transfer under the Uniform Fraudulent
Conveyance Act. Atraqchi failed to properly serve the Summons and Complaint on
Defendant Virginia George (George), and no action was taken in prosecution of the case
for a period of over one year. The District Court dismissed for failure to prosecute.
Atraqchi appeals. We affirm.

                                                                  ISSUE

¶3 The issue on appeal is whether the District Court erred in dismissing Atraqchi's cause
of action for failure to prosecute.

                            FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

¶4 Atraqchi filed an initial complaint on June 16, 1998, against Defendants Julia
Vermandel and Virginia George, simultaneously with a Petition for Leave to Proceed In
Forma Pauperis. On July 6, 1998, she amended her complaint to name only Virginia
George as Defendant. The complaint sought to set aside a fraudulent intra-family transfer
under the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act. Mont. Code Ann., § 31-2-333 (1999). In
addition to the Complaint and Amended Complaint, Atraqchi quickly filed numerous
motions, briefs and interrogatories, none of which evoked a response or reply from George.

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¶5 Atraqchi attempted to serve notice of both the initial Complaint and the Amended
Complaint on George by U.S. mail, as allowed under Rule 4D, M.R.Civ.P. While Rule 4D
specifies allowable service through the use of first class mail, provided an
acknowledgment of service is signed and returned by the party being served, Atraqchi
indicated by Affidavit that she had sent both the initial and amended summons and
complaint packages by certified mail/return receipt requested. George signed and returned
both return receipts but did not sign and return the acknowledgment forms as required by
Rule 4D.

¶6 Upon George's failure to return the completed and signed acknowledgment forms
within twenty days after the mailing date of the summons and complaint, Atraqchi did not
attempt to serve George through a process server, or by any other means allowed under
Rule 4D. Instead, on September 28, 1998, Atraqchi filed a Motion for Substituted Service
of Summons and Complaint in the Manner Prescribed by State Law, arguing that because
she could not afford to pay a process server and was pursuing this matter in forma
pauperis, the manner in which she had already provided notice to George should be
allowed. Subsequently, on October 22, 1998, Atraqchi filed an Application for Service of
Process by U.S. Marshal Service, seeking appointment by the court of the U.S. Marshal
Service to serve the summons and complaint.

¶7 On November 5, 1998, the District Court denied Atraqchi's Motion for Substituted
Service on the grounds that Montana law does not authorize service of a Complaint and
Summons to be made by certified mail. The District Court did not address Atraqchi's
Application for Service of Process by U.S. Marshal Service, but did encourage her to
attempt service by other authorized methods. Atraqchi made no such attempts.

¶8 Atraqchi filed no further pleadings with the District Court after the entry of the
November 5 Order. Therefore, on May 1, 2000, pursuant to Montana Thirteenth Judicial
District Court Rule 9, the District Court issued Notice that the cause of action would be
dismissed for failure to prosecute unless, within ten days, good cause was shown why the
action should continue. Atraqchi filed two Replies to the Notice to dismiss, neither of
them timely. In the first Reply dated May 16, 2000, she merely requested that the cause of
action not be dismissed because she was unable to serve the Summons and Complaint by
private server. In the second Reply dated May 22, 2000, she requested a continuance
because she could not find George.

¶9 On May 22, 2000, the District Court dismissed the cause of action for failure to

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prosecute. On June 2, 2000, Atraqchi filed a Notice of Appeal. On June 19, the District
Court filed an Order and Memorandum Denying [Atraqchi's] Notice of Appeal in forma
pauperis, stating that because Atraqchi had failed to properly serve George in accordance
with Montana Rules of Civil Procedure, no prosecution had occurred for over one year
and the case was properly dismissed.

                                                 STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶10 In reviewing a district court's conclusions of law, we determine whether the district
court's interpretation of law is correct. Sinclair v. Big Bud Mfg. Co. (1993), 262 Mont.
363, 366, 865 P.2d 264, 266; Steer, Inc. v. Dept. of Revenue (1990), 245 Mont. 470, 474-
75, 803 P.2d 601, 603.

                                                            DISCUSSION

¶11 Thirteenth Judicial District Court Rule 9, upon which the District Court based its
dismissal of the cause of action for failure to prosecute, states:

        When no proceedings have been taken in any civil cause for a period of one year,
        the action will be dismissed on its merits and/or the file closed by the Court on its
        own motion after ten (10) days notice of such intended dismissal unless good cause
        to the contrary is shown.

¶12 After the issuance of the November 5, 1998 Order denying Atraqchi's motion for
substituted service, Atraqchi ceased actively attempting to prosecute this case. No filings
in the matter occurred for over one year. Moreover, for proceedings to go forward, the
District Court must have jurisdiction over the parties. Personal jurisdiction may be
obtained only through strict compliance with Rule 4D, M.R.Civ.P., which governs service
of process. A plaintiff may serve a competent adult by sending a summons, complaint, and
notice and acknowledgment of service through the mail, provided the defendant signs
and returns the notice and acknowledgment form.(emphasis provided) Rule 4D(1)(b),
M.R.Civ.P. Blaskovich v. Blaskovich (1991), 249 Mont. 248, 250, 815 P.2d 581, 582.
Here, the defendant did not sign and return the acknowledgment, and therefore service by
mail was never properly completed.

¶13 Atraqchi failed to serve the summons and complaint on George in a manner compliant
with Rule 4, M.R.Civ.P. Upon being advised by the District Court she must accomplish


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service in accordance with the rules, she failed to do so. Moreover, she filed nothing in the
case for over a year. Given Atraqchi's failure to continue prosecution attempts, under the
clear language of Rule 9, the cause of action was rightly dismissed for failure to prosecute.

¶14 The decision of the District Court is therefore affirmed.

                                                    /S/ PATRICIA COTTER

                                                              We Concur:

                                                     /S/ KARLA M. GRAY

                                                    /S/ JAMES C. NELSON

                                                         /S/ JIM REGNIER

                                                             /S/ JIM RICE




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