                                        2016 IL App (1st) 162686
                                             No. 1-16-2686
                                      Opinion filed October 31, 2016
                                                                      Second Division
     ______________________________________________________________________________

                                                  IN THE

                                   APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

                                            FIRST DISTRICT

     ______________________________________________________________________________

     PHOENIX CAPITAL. LLC,                      )    Appeal from the Circuit Court
                                                )    of Cook County.
           Plaintiff-Appellee,                  )
                                                )
     v.                                         )    No. 2008 M2 002608
                                                )
     ABAYOMI TABITI                             )    The Honorable
                                                )    Christopher Lawler,
           Defendant-Appellant.                 )    Judge, presiding.
     ______________________________________________________________________________

            PRESIDING JUSTICE HYMAN delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
            Justices Pierce and Mason concurred in the judgment and opinion.


                                                  OPINION

¶1          Plaintiff argues that until the trial court determines the amount of the attorney's fees to

     award it as sanctions under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 137, defendant's notice of appeal is

     premature and we lack jurisdiction. We agree, and must dismiss the appeal because, absent

     language stating otherwise, the issue of the amount of the Rule 137 sanctions is part of the

     underlying action and as long as it remains pending, we lack a final, appealable order to review.

¶2                                             Background

¶3          After plaintiff, Phoenix Capital, LLC sued defendant, Abayomi Tabiti, the trial court

     entered a default against Tabiti and ordered Tabiti to turn over funds. Tabiti then filed a motion
     No. 1-16-2686


     to vacate the order and for an accounting. On September 9, 2016, the trial court denied Tabiti's

     motion and granted Phoenix Capital's motion for sanctions under Illinois Supreme Court Rule

     137 (eff. July 1, 2013) as to Tabiti only, and not as to his attorney. The court gave Phoenix

     Capital until October 14, 2016 to prepare and present a fee petition.

¶4          On September 12, 2016, Tabiti filed a notice of appeal, seeking review of the trial court's

     September 9, 2016 order. On October 29, 2016, Phoenix Capital filed a motion to dismiss the

     appeal as premature. Phoenix Capital contends that Tabiti did not appear at the October 14,

     2016, hearing addressing the attorney's fees, and until the trial court enters an order on the

     amount awarded as Rule 137 sanctions, we cannot consider the appeal. Defendant responds that

     the trial court's order granting plaintiff Rule 137 sanctions resolved the matter and thus his

     appeal may proceed. Because few cases address this question of the finality of a Rule 137

     sanctions proceeding, we issue this opinion to provide some clarity.

¶5                                                Analysis

¶6          A timely notice of appeal must be filed within 30 days after entry of the final judgment

     appealed from, or, if a timely post-trial motion directed against the judgment is filed, within 30

     days after the trial court disposes of the last pending post-trial motion. Illinois Supreme Court

     Rule 303(a) (1) (eff. Jan 1, 2015). A final order or judgment requires a determination by the trial

     court on the issues presented by the pleadings which ascertains and fixes absolutely and finally

     the rights of the parties to the litigation. Berg v. White, 357 Ill. App. 3d 496, 501 (2005).

¶7          Our courts have made a distinction between a claim for fees brought as part of a principal

     action and a claim made after the principal action has been decided. Marsh v. Evangelical

     Covenant Church, 138 Ill. 2d at 462-63 (1990); Servio v. Paul Roberts Auto Sales, Inc. 211 Ill.

     App. 3d 751, 759 (1991). Under Rule 137, a proceeding for attorney's fees is within and a part of


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       the underlying civil action, not a separate cause of action, and, therefore, must be resolved before

       the case becomes appealable unless there is a Rule 304(a) finding. See Marsh, 138 Ill. 2d at 468;

       Berger v. Matthews, 216 Ill. App. 3d 942, 944 (1991). Conversely, motions for fees collateral to

       the judgment do not affect the appealability of a final judgment. Servio, 211 Ill. App. 3d at 761.

       For instance, a petition for deposition costs and subpoena witness fees need not have been

       resolved before the action became appealable. Berger, 216 Ill. App. 3d at 944.

¶8            On September 9, 2016, the trial court denied Tabiti's motion for an accounting and

       granted plaintiff's motion for Rule 137 sanctions against Tabiti, while denying sanctions against

       his attorney. The order explicitly reserved the calculation of the amount of fees by giving

       Phoenix Capital until October 14, 2016 to prepare and present a fee petition. In the interim,

       Tabiti filed a notice of appeal, and insists once the trial court found cause for sanctions and

       entered the order granting the motion, the issue became final and appealable. Not so. We have no

       jurisdiction as plaintiff's motion for Rule 137 sanctions was part of the underlying action, and

       has yet to be completely resolved. If we were to exercise jurisdiction before the sanctions

       proceeding had concluded with the trial court resolving the fee petition issue, the case could

       likely be before us again should one party opt to appeal on the fees. Thus, our decision fosters

       the interests of judicial economy and finality.

¶9            Moreover, the trial court judgment from which Tabiti appeals does not contain the Rule

       304(a) language. Tabiti contends the trial court stated in open court that there was no need for

       Rule 304(a) language because the court's order was final. Nothing in the record before us

       supports that contention. If Tabiti intended to immediately appeal, he had to obtain the inclusion

       of Rule 304(a) language.

¶ 10          Appeal dismissed.


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