                    JIM WALTER RESOURCES, INC., Petitioner, Cross-Respondent,

                                                       v.

   The NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD, Tim Burchfield, Respondents, Cross-Petitioners.

                                                 No. 98-6061.

                                       United States Court of Appeals,

                                               Eleventh Circuit.

                                                June 3, 1999.

Petition for Review and Cross Application for Enforcement of an Order of the National Labor Relations
Board. (NLRB No. 10-CA-29281).

Before TJOFLAT, Circuit Judge, and GODBOLD and HILL, Senior Circuit Judges.

        PER CURIAM:

        This is a refusal to hire case in which the Board, reversing the ALJ, found that Jim Walter Resources,

Inc. refused to hire Tim Burchfield because of his union or protected activities in violation of Section 8(a)(1)

and (3) of the National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. §§ 158(a)(1), (a)(3). We reverse the order of the

Board and deny the application of the Board for enforcement.

        Burchfield was previously employed by Cowin and Co., a mining operator. There he was a member

of the United Mine Workers and engaged in union activities for the United Mine Workers, including services

as a grievance committeeman. In handling grievances he dealt with and met with a Cowin management

official, Richard Cates.

        Subsequently Cates left Cowin and was employed by Walter as a supervisor. Burchfield applied to

Walter for employment and listed Cates as a reference. Walter had a long-standing relationship with UMW.

        Walter's personnel manager, Roger Armbrester, contacted Cates about Burchfield. Cates told him

that Burchfield was a "pretty good worker and had a good attendance record." Burchfield had a job interview

with Walter's industrial relations supervisor. He was introduced to the mine manager, who told a personnel

representative that he looked forward to having Burchfield come to work. The Personnel Department was

notified to process his application. Burchfield's application was supported by supervisory personnel of
Walter. Also, according to the Personnel Department, the company received more calls recommending

Burchfield's hire than with any prior applicant.

        As part of the final processing of Burchfield's application Mike Hall, industrial relations manager,

began contacting persons who had worked for Cowin during Burchfield's employment there. He talked with

Ladew Hall, who said he was glad he did not have to supervise Burchfield because he "ran his mouth a lot."

Employee Simon Comer told Mike Hall that Burchfield "did not have a good attitude." In view of these

negative responses Armbrester interviewed Cates a second time. Cates said that Burchfield was a "pretty

good worker and his attendance record was good.... He talked his mouth a lot and ran his mouth a lot."

Asked what this meant Cates explained that Burchfield "complained a lot," "griped a lot about everything,"

"had generally a bad attitude" and "blamed the company for everything."

        There is no evidence of record that comments by Ladew Hall and Comer were related in any way to

union activity by Burchfield. Nor is there evidence that Armbrester discussed with Cates Burchfield's union

activity at Cowin. The ALJ found that the record "fail[ed] to establish that the poor recommendations

stemmed from Tim Burchfield engaging in protected concerted activities."

        Mike Hall recommended to mine manager Cooley that Burchfield not be hired "because of his

attitude." Cooley testified that he had no knowledge of Burchfield's alleged union activities. He made the

decision not to hire Burchfield only after he was told of his "attitude problem" and that he would not fit in

at the mine.

        There was evidence of a "bad attitude" by Burchfield in matters independent of union activities. He

had a personal dispute with Cowin about insurance, in which he was represented by his own attorney. He

had a difference with Cowin over the fact that he was delivered the wrong lunch when working overtime and,

in a fit of pique, left the job. The company withdrew discipline assessed against Burchfield and issued him

an apology.




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        The Board held that Walter's hiring officials did not know about the specific nature of Burchfield's

activities at Cowin but nevertheless relied on Cates' negative second recommendation in making the decision

not to hire him. This knowledge by Cates, a supervisor, regarding Burchfield's employment at Cowin, and

Cates' description that he had a "bad attitude," were imputed to Walter officials who made the decision not

to hire him. Then, in a second step, though there was no evidence that Burchfield's union activities were ever

made known to hiring officials at Walter, the Board inferred that Cates' description of "bad attitude"

necessarily referred to Burchfield's activities on behalf of the union.

         The Board's findings fail at several levels. There is not substantial evidence that Burchfield's "bad

attitude" statements were substantially motivated, indeed motivated at all, by an adverse view maintained by

Cates of Burchfield's prior union activities at Cowin. Union activities were never mentioned by Cates. There

is not substantial evidence that the company's decision not to hire Burchfield was based upon Cates' negative

second reference to Burchfield. Cates was only one of several employees who described Burchfield as having

a "bad attitude." Having heard the "bad attitude" characterizations Personnel Department employees

recommended to manager Cooley that, because of those characterizations Burchfield not be hired, and Cooley

accepted that recommendation. There is no substantial evidence for the Board's conclusion that the

company's decision not to hire Burchfield was based upon Cates' negative second reference to Burchfield.

Indisputably the decision was based upon information drawn from interviews and discussions with several

employees. The Board's finding that Cates played a "decisive role" in the decision not to hire Burchfield is

wholly unsupported. There is not substantial evidence that the "bad attitude" statements were substantially

motivated by an adverse view maintained by Cates of Burchfield's prior union activities at Cowin. Union

activities were not mentioned in Cates' conversations.

         None of the persons who gave "bad attitude" statements was an "agent responsible for hiring." The

only one shown to have knowledge of Burchfield's union activities was Cates, who had no connection with

hiring. In a refusal to hire case the Board may not impute the knowledge of a low-level supervisor to a



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decision-making supervisor. Pioneer Natural Gas Co. v. NLRB, 662 F.2d 408, 412 (5th Cir. Unit A 1981).

In a refusal to hire case it must be shown that the official who made the decision has knowledge of the

protected activity. Guarantee Sav. & Loan v. Gardiner, 274 NLRB 676 (1985).

         The Board attempts to carry its burden of proving a connection between the "bad attitude" problems

and union activities by the fact that the company did not call Cates as a witness. That proposition assumes

that Cates would have described his characterizations as relating to union activities and that his

characterizations played a "decisive role" in the decision not to hire Burchfield. Neither assumption is

justified.

         The order of the Board is REVERSED and enforcement is DENIED.




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