          If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
               revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.




                         STATE OF MICHIGAN

                         COURT OF APPEALS



MAEGAN TURNER, by WALTER SAKOWSKI,                              FOR PUBLICATION
Conservator,                                                    April 16, 2019

            Plaintiff,
and

RIVERVIEW MACOMB HOME &
ATTENDANT CARE, LLC,

            Intervening Plaintiff,
V                                                               No. 339624
                                                                Wayne Circuit Court
FARMERS INSURANCE EXCHANGE,                                     LC No. 16-002031-NF

            Defendant/Cross-Plaintiff/Cross-
            Defendant-Appellant,
and

ENTERPRISE LEASING CORPORATION OF
DETROIT, LLC, and EAN HOLDINGS, LLC,

            Defendants/Cross-Defendants-
            Appellees,
and

ESTATE OF JASON PUCKETT, by GARY
DUANE RUPP, Personal Representative,

            Defendant/Cross-Plaintiff,
and

PATSY VILLNEFF and TAMERA HARPER,

            Defendants/Cross-Defendants.




                                            -1-
JONTE EVERSON,

                  Plaintiff,

V                                                                      No. 339815
                                                                       Washtenaw Circuit Court
FARMERS INSURANCE EXCHANGE,                                            LC No. 16-000359-NF

                  Defendant/Third-Party Plaintiff-
                  Appellant,
and

ENTERPRISE LEASING COMPANY,

                  Third-Party Defendant-Appellee.


Before: CAVANAGH, P.J., and BORRELLO and REDFORD, JJ.

REDFORD, J. (dissenting).

        I respectfully dissent from the majority’s decision. I would affirm the trial courts’ orders
granting summary disposition in favor of defendants Enterprise Leasing Corporation of Detroit,
LLC, and EAN Holdings, LLC, in Docket No. 339624 and in favor of Enterprise Leasing
Company in Docket No. 339815.1 Both this Court’s and our Supreme Court’s decisions
establish that the no-fault insurance sections that require coverage, MCL 500.3101(1)2 and MCL
500.3102(1),3 do not apply to either vehicle in the two matters at bar because they were out-of-


1
    I refer to these defendants collectively as “Enterprise.”
2
    MCL 500.3101(1) provides:
                  The owner or registrant of a motor vehicle required to be registered in this
          state shall maintain security for payment of benefits under personal protection
          insurance, property protection insurance, and residual liability insurance. Security
          is only required to be in effect during the period the motor vehicle is driven or
          moved on a highway. Notwithstanding any other provision in this act, an insurer
          that has issued an automobile insurance policy on a motor vehicle that is not
          driven or moved on a highway may allow the insured owner or registrant of the
          motor vehicle to delete a portion of the coverages under the policy and maintain
          the comprehensive coverage portion of the policy in effect.
3
    MCL 500.3102(1) provides:
                  A nonresident owner or registrant of a motor vehicle or motorcycle not
          registered in this state shall not operate or permit the motor vehicle or motorcycle


                                                   -2-
state vehicles, not required to be registered in Michigan, that were not operated in Michigan for
more than 30 days in any given year. Consequently, MCL 500.3114(4) does not require that
Enterprise, as the self-insured owner of the vehicles, provide the no-fault benefits in this case.
This result is consistent with this Court’s decision in Covington v Interstate Sys, 88 Mich App
492; 277 NW2d 4 (1979), and our Supreme Court’s decision in Parks v Detroit Auto Inter-Ins
Exch, 426 Mich 191; 393 NW2d 833 (1986), two cases that arose from facts similar to the
matters at bar.

       In Covington, a case involving an employee who suffered injuries in an accident while
driving his employer’s truck that was registered and licensed in another state and self-insured by
his employer, this Court explained:

               According to the express language of [MCL 500.3101(1)] only those
       vehicles required to be registered in this state are subject to the requirements of
       the no-fault act. It is uncontroverted that the truck plaintiff was driving at the
       time of the accident was neither registered in this state, nor required to be
       registered in this state. Consequently, it did not fall within the class of vehicles
       covered by this section of the no-fault act. [Covington, 88 Mich App at 494.]

        This Court clarified that, under MCL 500.3102(1), the only other coverage section of the
no-fault act, because the vehicle the plaintiff drove at the time of the accident had not been
operated in Michigan for more than 30 days in any given year, the no-fault coverage provided by
that section was also inapplicable. Id. Consequently, because “neither coverage section of the
no-fault act is applicable to the truck in question, the truck was not a covered vehicle under the
no-fault act and plaintiff is not entitled to no-fault benefits from defendant.” Id. at 494-495.

        In Parks, 426 Mich at 196-197, an employee suffered an injury while unloading his
employer’s trailer that was registered and licensed in another state and self-insured by his
employer. The trailer had been operated in Michigan for only a few days. The issue before our
Supreme Court concerned which of three insurers was required to pay the plaintiff’s personal
protection insurance benefits: his personal auto insurer; his employer, as a self-insurer; or the
Assigned Claims Facility under MCL 500.3171 et seq. Id. at 198. The plaintiff’s insurer
contended that the nonresident vehicle owner bore liability under MCL 500.3114, regardless of
whether the no-fault act required the owner to maintain security on the vehicle. Id. at 201. Our
Supreme Court approvingly applied the analysis of the no-fault act as articulated by this Court in
Covington and explained:

              From a clear reading of the no-fault act and the reasoning of the cited case
       law, we find the following: First, the plain language of § 3101(1) subjects only
       those vehicles required to be registered in this state to the mandatory security
       requirements. The fact that a vehicle is actually covered by an insurance policy,


       to be operated in this state for an aggregate of more than 30 days in any calendar
       year unless he or she continuously maintains security for the payment of benefits
       pursuant to this chapter.


                                               -3-
       or that the owner of the vehicle is self-insured, does not alter whether the vehicle
       itself need or need not conform to the requirements of the act. Second, the policy
       of the Legislature was to provide a method whereby persons injured in automobile
       accidents would be readily provided relief from the results of their injury. Third,
       the primary method of accomplishing this result, from the general rule in
       § 3114(1), is that one looks to one’s own insurer for no-fault benefits unless one
       of the statutory exceptions applies. Fourth, the exception of an employee injured
       in an employer’s vehicle contained in subsection 3 of § 3114 applies only in the
       case in which the insured vehicle is required to be registered in this state. Fifth,
       because the vehicle was not registered in this state and thus the exception of
       subsection 3 does not apply, we look to the general intention of the Legislature in
       § 3114(1) to provide compensation for liability through the injured person’s
       personal insurer. [Id. at 206.]

        Our Supreme Court made clear in Parks that, if the vehicle involved in the accident does
not need to be registered in Michigan, the priority provisions set forth in MCL 500.3114 do not
apply.4

        In reviewing the majority opinion, I do not disagree with my colleagues that if MCL
500.3114(4) applied in this case, as Farmers Ins Exch v Farm Bureau Gen Ins Co of Mich, 272
Mich App 106; 724 NW2d 485 (2006), found MCL 500.3114(5) to apply in that case, then
reversal would be appropriate. However, the facts, analysis, and holding of Parks and Covington
lead to a contrary result.

       In Parks and Covington, the motor vehicles involved were not registered in the state of
Michigan, neither of the vehicles had operated in the state for more than 30 days aggregate, and
both vehicles were owned by self-insured entities. In each case, the courts concluded that,
because neither MCL 500.3101 nor 500.3102 applied to the vehicles in question, the priority
provisions of MCL 500.3114 did not apply and the self-insured out-of-state owners were not
required to pay no-fault first-party benefits.

       In Farmers, 272 Mich App at 108, the operator of a motorcycle was injured when he was
struck by an uninsured van driven by Lynn Smith. On the day of the accident, the van was
uninsured because of a failure to pay the insurance premium.5 The van was owned by Lynn
Smith and John Petiprin. Petiprin also owned another vehicle that was insured by Farm Bureau
Insurance Company. Farm Bureau Insurance Company refused to pay the motorcyclist’s no-


4
  As is indicated in the majority opinion, the issues at bar were addressed in Heichel v Geico
Indemnity Co, unpublished per curiam opinion of the Court of Appeals, issued March 1, 2016
(Docket Nos. 323818 and 324045), lv den 500 Mich 921 (2016). The Heichel panel followed
Parks’s instruction that the priority provisions of MCL 500.3114 only apply if the insured
vehicle was required to be registered in Michigan.
5
 The clear implication of this statement in the Farmers case is that the van in question was a
vehicle to which MCL 500.3101 applied.


                                               -4-
fault first-party benefits. The Assigned Claims Facility assigned the case to the plaintiff,
Farmers Insurance Exchange. The plaintiff brought suit to compel the defendant to pay the no-
fault first-party benefits. The trial court granted summary disposition in favor of the plaintiff, Id.
at 109, and the Court of Appeals upheld that decision “[b]ecause the trial court properly
construed MCL 500.3114(5)(a) to require that an insurer that insures an owner or registrant who
owns the motor vehicle involved in the accident with a motorcycle is first in priority to pay no-
fault benefits to the injured person . . . .” Id. at 107.

        In my opinion, Parks and Covington control this case. Because the vehicles involved in
the accidents in the two cases at bar were registered and licensed in another state and were not
operated in Michigan for more than 30 days in any given year, the self-insured owners were not
required by the no-fault act to provide first-party no-fault benefits to the injured occupants of the
motor vehicles involved in the two collisions. Therefore, as Parks directs, the priority provisions
set forth in MCL 500.3114 do not apply, the owners of the vehicles cannot be held liable, and
plaintiffs’ no-fault claims should be covered by the insurers assigned the claims as provided
under the no-fault act. For these reasons, I would affirm.

                                                              /s/ James Robert Redford




                                                 -5-
