                  United States Court of Appeals
                             For the Eighth Circuit
                         ___________________________

                                 No. 19-2821
                         ___________________________

                              United States of America

                         lllllllllllllllllllllPlaintiff - Appellee

                                            v.

                                    Tan Fong Vang

                        lllllllllllllllllllllDefendant - Appellant
                                        ____________

                     Appeal from United States District Court
                  for the Southern District of Iowa - Des Moines
                                  ____________

                           Submitted: September 24, 2019
                              Filed: October 11, 2019
                                   [Unpublished]
                                  ____________

Before LOKEN, GRUENDER, and ERICKSON, Circuit Judges.
                          ____________

PER CURIAM.

       Tan Fong Vang was indicted with conspiring to distribute marijuana, in
violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), (b)(1)(B) and 846, and possession of a firearm in
furtherance of a drug trafficking crime, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A)(i).
After a detention hearing, the magistrate judge ordered Vang to be released pending
trial with a $25,000 bond and other conditions. The government appealed and the
district court1 reversed.

      Vang appeals from the pretrial detention order entered by the district court
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3142(e). We have jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 3145(c) and
Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure. “We apply the clearly erroneous
standard to factual findings of the district court but independently review the ultimate
conclusion that detention is required because ‘no condition or combination of
conditions will reasonably assure the appearance of the person [at trial] and the safety
of any other person and the community.’” United States v. Cantu, 935 F.2d 950, 951
(8th Cir. 1991) (quoting 18 U.S.C. § 3142(e)).

       Where, as here, a defendant is charged with “an offense for which a maximum
term of imprisonment of ten years or more is prescribed in the Controlled Substances
Act” or an offense under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c), a rebuttable presumption exists in favor
of detention if the district court finds probable cause that the defendant committed the
alleged crimes. See 18 U.S.C. § 3142(e)(3)(A),(B). A defendant has the “burden of
production . . . to rebut that presumption by coming forward with evidence he does not
pose a danger to the community or a risk of flight.” U.S. v. Abad, 350 F.3d 793, 797
(8th Cir. 2003) (quoting United States v. Mercedes, 254 F.3d 433, 436 (2d Cir. 2001)).
However, a district court may order detention nonetheless after considering the factors
set forth in 18 U.S.C. § 3142(g): (1) the nature and circumstances of the offense; (2)
the weight of the evidence; (3) the history and characteristics of the defendant; and (4)
the seriousness of the danger to the community. Id.

      At the outset, the district court found probable cause that Vang committed the
acts charged. The district court next found that the evidence in Vang’s pretrial
services report – and the fact that the firearm at issue had been seized by law
enforcement and was no longer in Vang’s custody – was sufficient to rebut the

      1
        The Honorable Rebecca Goodgame Ebinger, United States District Judge
for the Southern District of Iowa.
statutory presumption in favor of detention. After considering the factors set forth in
section 3142(g), however, the district court determined Vang’s release would pose a
serious danger to the community. In support of this determination, the district court
noted that the weight of the government’s evidence appeared very strong, that Vang
lacked candor in his bond interview, and that he lacked employment or a plan for
release. Law enforcement also found marijuana plants growing on a property owned
by Vang in California – a fact that Vang failed to disclose to the interviewing
probation officer.

      We find that the district court’s findings of fact are not clearly erroneous, and
our independent review supports the order of detention. The judgment is affirmed.
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