                                                                        FILED
                                                            United States Court of Appeals
                                                                    Tenth Circuit

                                                                 February 28, 2012
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                  Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                    Clerk of Court
                            FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT


    ALEX HUAQIANG LEO,

                Plaintiff-Appellant,
                                                   Nos. 11-3109 & 11-3145
    v.                                       (D.C. No. 2:10-CV-02495-JTM-DJW)
                                                           (D. Kan.)
    GARMIN INTERNATIONAL, INC.,

                Defendant-Appellee.


                             ORDER AND JUDGMENT *


Before O’BRIEN and McKAY, Circuit Judges, and BRORBY, Senior Circuit
Judge.


         Alex Huaqiang Leo, pro se, appeals from the district court’s order that

dismissed his complaint against Garmin International, Inc. (Garmin) as barred by

the doctrine of res judicata; denied his motion for default judgment; and

sanctioned Mr. Leo for his vexatious, wanton and oppressive abuse of the judicial

process. (Case no. 11-3109). Mr. Leo also appeals from the district court’s



*
       After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is
not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata,
and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value
consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
subsequent orders denying several post-trial motions, including his motion

seeking leave to file a motion under Fed. R. Civ. P. Rule 60(b)

(Case no. 11-3145). The appeals have been consolidated. We have jurisdiction

under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and we affirm.

      The parties are aware of the facts and procedural history of their dispute,

which has been fully set forth in numerous district court memoranda and orders.

What Garmin aptly describes as Mr. Leo’s “litigation odyssey,” Aplee. Br. at 9, is

coming to an end. When Garmin decided not to hire Mr. Leo as a software

engineer in 2008, he launched his first suit in the United States District Court for

the District of Kansas in which he claimed discrimination on the grounds of age

and national origin. (09-CV-2139-KHV). That suit was disposed of by orders

granting Garmin’s motion to dismiss and its later-filed motion for summary

judgment. This court affirmed those orders in Leo v. Garmin International, Inc.,

431 F. App’x 702 (10th Cir. 2011).

      During the course of the Leo appeal, Mr. Leo sought this court’s permission

to file a 70,000 word opening brief, which request was denied. Mr. Leo renewed

his request in a motion seeking to file a 71,431 word document titled “Supporting

Analysis and Detailed Evidence.” Once again, this court denied the request and

found that the document was “nothing more than an attempt to work around” our

first order that denied Mr. Leo’s request to file a 70,000 word opening brief.

Order, No. 10-3146 (10th Cir. Oct. 4, 2010).

                                         -2-
      Just two weeks after this court’s denial of his motions in Leo, Mr. Leo

filed his second suit in the Kansas federal district court (No. 10-2495-JTM), in

which he used the aforementioned 70,000 word opening brief/“Supporting

Analysis” as his complaint. In a memorandum and order dated March 22, 2011,

the district court concluded that Mr. Leo’s second suit was barred by the doctrine

of res judicata based on the earlier suit and granted Garmin’s motion to dismiss.

In the same order, the court denied Mr. Leo’s motion for the entry of a default

judgment against Garmin and granted Garmin’s request for sanctions.

      In a subsequent memorandum and order dated April 15, 2011, the district

court awarded Garmin $8,718 in attorney fees and $126.20 in costs, and denied

five post-judgment motions filed by Mr. Leo, including a motion for

reconsideration of the district court’s March 22, 2011 order. Mr. Leo then filed

two motions: (1) a motion for reconsideration of the district court’s April 15

order, which was itself a denial of his previous motion for reconsideration; and

(2) a motion for reconsideration of the award of attorney fees. In an April 21,

2011 memorandum and order that denied Mr. Leo’s motions, the district court

cautioned that any further request for post-judgment reconsideration, alteration, or

modification of the court’s order could result in further monetary sanctions.

Undeterred, Mr. Leo then filed a motion for leave to file a Rule 60(b) motion,

which the court denied in a May 10, 2011 order.




                                         -3-
      In light of Mr. Leo’s pro se status, we construe his filings liberally. See

Van Deelen v. Johnson, 497 F.3d 1151, 1153 n.1 (10th Cir. 2007). But a liberal

construction of his papers does nothing for Mr. Leo because his arguments are

based upon a misconception of the law of res judicata and accusations that the

district court judge is devoid of “reason” and has lost his “impartiality.” Aplt.

Reply Br. at 26. To the contrary, the district court’s decision that the second suit

was barred by res judicata is on solid legal footing. Mr. Leo responded to

Garmin’s motion to dismiss with the argument that his second suit was different

because it concerned a 2007 online application, whereas his claims in his first suit

concerned employment applications submitted in 2008. Mr. Leo’s attempts to

distinguish the 2007 and 2008 applications as separate transactions are unavailing

for all the reasons set forth by the district court in its March 22, 2011

memorandum and order. See Wilkes v. Wyo. Dep’t of Emp’t Div. of Labor

Standards, 314 F.3d 501, 504 (10th Cir. 2002) (holding that “all claims arising

from the same employment relationship constitute the same transaction or series

of transactions for claim preclusion purposes”) (quotation marks omitted). More

to the point, even if the 2007 online application and the 2008 applications were

separate transactions, there is no reason why Mr. Leo’s claims concerning his

2007 application could not have been asserted in his first action. See id.

at 503-04 (holding that “[u]nder res judicata, or claim preclusion, a final

judgment on the merits of an action precludes the parties . . . from relitigating

                                          -4-
issues that were or could have been raised in the prior action”) (quotation marks

omitted).

      Further, it does not matter that his first appeal had not been resolved at the

time Mr. Leo filed his second suit because under the federal law of claim

preclusion, the district court’s order was final for res judicata purposes. See

Mactec, Inc. v. Gorelick, 427 F.3d 821, 832 (10th Cir. 2005) (holding that “[t]he

appealability of a judgment . . . does not hinder its preclusive effect”), citing

18A Charles Alan Wright et al., Federal Practice and Procedure § 4433, at 78-85

(2d ed. 2002) (noting the general rule that a final judgment from a lower court

carries res judicata effect even though it is still subject to review by an appellate

court).

      As to the other district court orders that Mr. Leo purports to appeal, he does

little more than reprise the unfounded theme that Garmin’s lawyer is a fraud artist

who fabricated evidence (an argument we rejected in Leo, 431 F. App’x at 705)

and question the impartiality and abilities of the district court judge who ruled

against him. Ad hominem attacks on counsel and the district court do not count

as legal argument, and Mr. Leo’s scant references to any legal issues fall short of

his obligation to adequately frame and develop his arguments. See Exum v.

United States Olympic Comm., 389 F.3d 1130, 1133-34 n.4 (10th Cir. 2004)

(holding that “[s]cattered statements in the appellant’s brief[s] are not enough to

preserve an issue for appeal”); see also Garrett v. Selby Connor Maddux & Janer,

                                          -5-
425 F.3d 836, 840-41 (10th Cir. 2005) (holding that although a pro se litigant’s

pleadings are construed liberally, a pro se litigant must still follow the same rules

that govern other litigants, including the requirement of constructing and

supporting arguments with legal authority). We nonetheless have examined each

of the district court’s orders and find no error.

      The judgments of the district court are AFFIRMED. We DENY

“Appellant’s Motion for the Appellate Court to Take Judicial Notice of the

Undisputed Facts in Publicly-Filed Records [267] from District Court Case

No. 2:09-CV-02139-KHV/” and “Appellant’s Motion to Issue an Order to Show

Cause Why Discipline Should Not be Imposed by This Court on Appellee’s

Attorney.” We also DENY “Appellant’s Motion (1) to Remand for Judgment

on the Pleadings,” “Appellant’s Motion (2) to Remand to Strike Motion [14],”

and “Appellant’s Motion (3) to Remand with Instructions to Disqualify the

Presiding Judge.”


                                                     Entered for the Court



                                                     Wade Brorby
                                                     Senior Circuit Judge




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