

 











 
 
 
 
 
 
                                       NUMBER
13-09-00579-CV
 
                                        COURT OF APPEALS
 
                     THIRTEENTH
DISTRICT OF TEXAS
 
                         CORPUS
CHRISTI - EDINBURG
                                                                      
 
IN THE ESTATE OF MYRTLE
MARIE BROOKS, DECEASED
                                                                      
 
On appeal from the County Court at Law No. 2
of Nueces County, Texas.
                                                                  
 
MEMORANDUM OPINION
 
 Before
Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Rodriguez and Benavides
                      Memorandum
Opinion by Justice Benavides
 
            This is a will contest case.  By seven issues,
pro se appellant, Melta Brooks-Cannon, contends the trial court erred when it: 
(1) failed to recognize the last will and testament of her grandmother, Myrtle
Marie Brooks; (2) allowed jurors to hear testimony about Myrtle’s physical and
mental capacity from a non-expert witness; (3) allowed Melta’s medical history
and certain character evidence to be admitted into evidence; (4) failed to
provide clear instructions to the jurors regarding the jury charge; (5)
appointed a guardian ad litem; (6) allowed testimony regarding alleged undue
influence; and (7) did not accept certain medical records regarding Myrtle’s
health and well-being into evidence.  We modify the trial court’s judgment and
affirm as modified.
I.  Background
Myrtle died at the age of
ninety-three in Corpus Christi, Texas.  Myrtle was survived by two sons:  Henry
Clayton Brooks and Winston Gene Brooks.  After their mother’s death, Henry and
Winston jointly filed an application to be dependent co-administrators and for
issuance of letters of dependent administration.  In the application, Henry and
Winston represented that they were Myrtle’s only living children; their
brothers Connie O’Neal Brooks and Bobby Joe Brooks had pre-deceased their
mother.  Henry and Winston’s motion also declared that Myrtle died without
leaving a valid will and “owned real and personal property . . . cash, bank
accounts, an automobile, household furniture, and other personal effects of a
probable value in excess of $50,000.”  They sought to be joint
co-administrators of her estate because there were at least two debts against
the estate, including expenses for Myrtle’s final illness.  Henry and Winston
were appointed co-administrators on October 24, 2006.
On January 11, 2007, Melta filed a
motion for new trial.  Melta is Myrtle’s grand-daughter; her father was the
late Connie, brother of Henry and Winston.  In her motion, Melta contended that
Myrtle had executed a valid will that named Melta the sole independent
administrator of Myrtle’s estate.  Melta requested that the court set aside the
order deeming Henry and Winston co-dependent administrators.  In response to
Melta’s motion, Henry and Winston filed a second application to be appointed
dependent co-administrators.  In this second application, Henry and Winston
re-urged that their mother died intestate and argued that Melta possessed an
invalid will.  In the alternative, they argued that if Melta in fact possessed
a valid will that it was procured through undue influence.  
The trial court denied Melta’s
motion for new trial.  However, pursuant to section 83(a) of the Texas Probate
Code, the court held a jury trial to consider the will Melta possessed, along
with Henry and Winston’s application, to determine whether Myrtle indeed died
intestate.  See Tex. Prob. Code
Ann. § 83(a) (West 2010).[1]
 During the trial, Henry testified that Myrtle suffered a slip-and-fall
in February 2004 which partially paralyzed the left side of her body.  Upon her
doctor’s recommendation, the family admitted Myrtle to The Palms Center in
Corpus Christi for rehabilitation and daily assisted life care after her fall. 
Myrtle was upset about this recommendation and wanted to simply return home. 
However, she was ultimately admitted for health reasons.  
Henry stated that he and his wife
Ninfa visited his mother at The Palms daily, because they lived in Corpus
Christi.  His brother Winston lived in Harker Heights, Texas, which was about
five hours away, so Winston could not visit as often.  Henry soon began to
worry about his mother’s mental health when she mentioned seeing relatives who
had already died and could not remember if she had eaten on a particular day. 
He stated that they never discussed a will because Myrtle said her boys would
“do what’s right” and that her “boys always [did] the right thing.”  She
treated all of her sons equally.  Henry’s wife, and Melta’s aunt, Ninfa
Salazar, corroborated this testimony.  She testified that Myrtle told her that
she did not need a will because “everything was for her boys.”
Henry testified that he learned his
mother had executed a will approximately eight months before her death.  He
received a phone call from Winston informing him about the alleged will.  He
was “in awe and shock” about the will’s existence and believed that the will
was his niece Melta’s idea.  He stated that his niece Melta acted “strange”
toward him when she first arrived from California to visit his ailing mother at
The Palms.  Shortly after that encounter, he found Melta at his mother’s house
reviewing Myrtle’s car ownership papers and insurance policies.  He soon became
concerned about the purpose of Melta’s visit when he called The Palms for an
update on his mother’s health and they refused to release information to him
due to HIPAA laws.[2] 
Apparently, Melta had had Myrtle sign a power of attorney which allowed only
Melta and another cousin access to Myrtle’s medical records and denied access
to anyone else.  Henry testified that Melta moved into his mother’s home while
Myrtle was recovering at The Palms and that he paid for repairs to the
refrigerator and water heater at his mother’s house during this time.  He also
loaned Melta his vehicle and gave her money for food.  After Myrtle’s death,
Henry explained that someone from American Bank called him.  The bank
representative stated that Melta was at the bank trying to liquidate Myrtle’s
account with a power of attorney document.  
            Winston testified next.  He stated that he was
very close to his mother and that, although he lived further away, he spoke to
her on a daily basis and would spend long weekends with her.  He testified that
she treated all of her children equally and did not favor anyone in
particular.  Winston testified that his mother was progressing nicely at The
Palms until Melta visited from California.  At that point, he stated that “it
just snowballed downhill.”  He stated that Palms nurses complained that Melta
was interfering with their care of Myrtle—she complained about what they were
feeding Myrtle and left constant harassing notes on a blackboard in Myrtle’s
room.  He testified that Melta was “hostile” toward him and the nursing
staff—she “scream[ed], hollered[ed]” and was “belligerent.”  He was very upset
when Melta obtained the power of attorney, which prevented him from receiving
information about his mother’s medical care.  
 
            Winston testified that he confronted Melta about
her behavior at The Palms and said that she needed to stop being a “paranoid
schizophrenic” regarding Myrtle’s care.  He was surprised when Melta responded,
“how did you find out about my medical record?”  Winston also discussed how he
learned about Myrtle’s will at trial:
WINSTON:          She
[Melta] calls me up and she’s going—she’s all—I don’t know if her meds were off
or what.  But she’s like, I’m leaving here, goddamn it, and you’re going to
take care of your own mother.  I’m like, what?  Hold on.  Hold on.  What are
you talking about?  [She said] I’m leaving and I’m going to go get this will changed
back and I’m going to put it back in you and Henry’s name.  I said, wait a
minute, what will?  Well, I have a will and I’m going to—and then she hung up.
 
Winston stated that he was
surprised because his mother never discussed a will with him or his brother. 
He felt “if she would have wanted to write a will, Henry and I would have been
notified by [his] mom in some kind of way.”  At one point, Winston also stated
that he received a call from his mother that concerned him:
WINSTON:                She
[Myrtle] calls up.  It was a strange call because she was on the other end of
the line.  She said, Poochie, Melta is trying to kill me.  I’m like, what? 
She’s messing with my medications.  I said, oh, mom.  I’ll check into it.
 
Winston also testified that he was
disturbed one day when he arrived at his mother’s home after she had been
released from the Palms.  His mother was home alone with Melta.  He testified
that his mother had seven to eight duragesic medicine patches all over her
body, and he accused Melta of placing them on her body.  Winston also testified
that, over the years, Melta frequently called him for money.  She would say she
was hungry, so he would wire her money via Western Union.
Minerva Brooks, the late Connie’s
wife and Melta’s stepmother, testified.  She stated that Melta primarily grew
up with her mother in California.  Melta later moved to Texas briefly when her
father became ill with cancer.  Minerva recalled that during this time, Melta
discussed being treated by a psychiatrist and would have “split personalities”
at times.  She left four days before her father died but later called to see if
her father left a will and if she was in the will.  Minerva also claimed that
Melta stole items from her household, always needed money, and was concerned
about Social Security benefits.  A neighbor, Dorothy Frances, testified that
she saw Melta moving furniture and boxes out of Myrtle’s house while Myrtle was
still being treated at The Palms.  
Sandra Larson, a licensed social
worker who worked at The Palms in 2004, testified about Myrtle’s medical
condition upon admission.  Reviewing Myrtle’s admission sheet, Larsen reported
that Myrtle suffered from a previous cardiovascular accident or stroke, was
paralyzed on the left side of her body, had hypertension, osteoarthrosis,
reflux sympathetic dystrophy, pleural refusion, and was constipated due to her
pain medications.  Larsen testified that she noticed some “strong signs and
symptoms of depression” approximately one month after Myrtle was admitted to
the Palms.  Myrtle was also in constant pain because of her arthritis.  Larson
described Melta as “one of the most difficult people that I have ever dealt
with.”  She stated that several certified nurse assistants requested to be
reassigned from caring for Myrtle because they did not want to suffer Melta’s
“abuse.”
Melta testified that she grew up in
California for most of her life, but lived with her father and Myrtle in Corpus
Christi at one point during high school.  At the time of Myrtle’s death, she
lived in California with her husband and children.  Melta left her family when
Myrtle allegedly called her to come and care for her at The Palms.  Melta
explained that the reason she was so direct and forthright with the caregivers
at The Palms was because they were giving sub-par care to Myrtle.  She alleged
that they fed Myrtle food to which she was allergic, failed to take her to the
toilet when requested, and did not regularly move her which led to bed sores. 
Melta explained that she did not attend Myrtle’s funeral because no one in her
family told her when or where it was to be held.  Upon cross-examination,
though, she admitted that she left for California the same day Myrtle died. 
She also admitted that she left a copy of Myrtle’s will at a lawyer’s office
before she left on the plane to California.  
Myrtle’s will named Melta the sole
independent executor of her estate.  Melta was also the primary beneficiary of
the will:  Myrtle bequeathed Melta her furnished home and vehicle, valued at
approximately $50,000.  Myrtle’s only living sons received less—Henry was left
a table, chair, and lamp, while Winston was left a china cabinet.  Other
relatives also received certain household items.
The jury found that Myrtle lacked
the testamentary capacity to execute a will and that the will was procured
through undue influence.  Melta then filed this appeal.


II. Analysis
A.        The Last Will and Testament of Myrtle 
            By her first issue, Melta argues that the trial
court erred when it “failed to recognize the last will and testament of Myrtle
Marie Brooks.”  We construe this issue as a challenge to the legal and factual
sufficiency of the jury’s findings that Myrtle lacked the testamentary capacity
to execute a will and that her will was procured through undue influence.  
            1.  Standard of Review and Applicable
Law
We may sustain a legal sufficiency
challenge only when (1) the record discloses a complete absence of evidence of
a vital fact; (2) the court is barred by rules of law or of evidence from
giving weight to the only evidence offered to prove a vital fact; (3) the
evidence offered to prove a vital fact is no more than a mere scintilla; or (4)
the evidence conclusively establishes the opposite of a vital fact.  See
King Ranch, Inc. v. Chapman, 118 S.W.3d 742, 751 (Tex. 2003).  In
determining whether there is legally sufficient evidence to support the finding
under review, we must consider evidence favorable to the finding if a
reasonable fact finder could and disregard evidence contrary to the finding
unless a reasonable fact finder could not.  See City of Keller v. Wilson,
168 S.W.3d 802, 807, 827 (Tex. 2005).  
In reviewing an appellant’s factual
sufficiency challenge to an adverse jury finding on which the other party had
the burden of proof, we will consider all of the evidence in the record, both
in support of and contrary to the finding.  See Dow Chem. Co. v. Francis,
46 S.W.3d 237, 242 (Tex. 2001).  We will set aside the district court’s finding
only if it is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence as to be
clearly wrong and manifestly unjust.  Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 175, 176
(Tex. 1986).  Where there are disputed issues of fact, we give deference to the
fact-finder as they are the “sole judges of credibility of the witnesses and
the weight to be given to their testimony.”  Jaffe Aircraft Corp. v. Carr,
867 S.W.2d 27, 28 (Tex. 1993).
2.  Analysis
The evidence shows that Myrtle was
ninety-three years old at the time of her death.  She was recovering from a
fall that had left her partially paralyzed, and had several underlying
illnesses such as hypertension, osteoarthrosis, and reflux sympathetic
dystrophy to complicate the recovery from her fall.  According to various
witnesses, Myrtle was depressed about being admitted to a nursing home to
recuperate.  Henry testified that he worried about his mother’s state of mind
when she could not recall whether she had eaten on a particular day and
reported seeing dead relatives.  In light of the foregoing evidence, we hold
that a reasonable fact finder could find that Myrtle lacked the testamentary
capacity to execute a will.  Myrtle’s physical and mental well-being were
fragile due to her health problems and medications.  The evidence was legally
sufficient to support the jury’s finding that Myrtle lacked testamentary capacity. 
City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at 827.  This finding is also factually
sufficient, because it is not “so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the
evidence as to be clearly wrong and manifestly unjust.”  Cain, 709
S.W.2d at 176.  
Further, the evidence shows that Myrtle’s
two sons, Henry and Winston, were close to her.  They and their wives visited Myrtle
at The Palms as often as they could while she was recuperating.  Myrtle had
never discussed creating a will because, according to Henry and Winston, Myrtle
knew that her boys would “do what’s right.”  Winston said that Myrtle treated
all of her children equally and did not favor any of them.  The testimony
regarding Melta indicated that she had financial troubles and frequently asked
for money from her uncles.  The evidence also showed that Melta had her grandmother
sign a power of attorney and that Myrtle’s will left the bulk of the estate to
Melta.  There was also testimony that Melta tried to liquidate her grandmother’s
bank account after her death and that Melta had allegedly stolen items from her
stepmother’s and grandmother’s homes.  
We hold that a reasonable fact
finder could deduce that Melta unduly influenced her grandmother Myrtle to
create a will to devise a disproportionate amount of her estate to Melta.  The
evidence showed that Melta isolated Myrtle from her sons and their wives
through a power of attorney document.  Melta’s finances, based on the record,
appeared to be strained, and she received the bulk of Myrtle’s estate in the
will, whereas Henry received a table, chair, and lamp and Winston received a
china cabinet.  We conclude that the evidence was legally sufficient to support
the jury’s finding on undue influence.  City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at
827.  We also conclude that, after considering all of the evidence in the
record, the finding of undue influence is not “so contrary to the overwhelming
weight of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and manifestly unjust.”  Cain,
709 S.W.2d at 176.  Accordingly, the jury’s finding of undue influence was also
factually sufficient.  We overrule Melta’s first issue.
B.       Evidentiary Issues
            By issues two, three, six, and seven, Melta
challenges the trial court’s decision regarding certain evidentiary issues. 
The admission or exclusion of evidence is a matter within the trial court’s
discretion.  In re J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d 570, 575 (Tex. 2005) (citing State
v. Bristol Hotel Asset Co., 65 S.W.3d 638, 647 (Tex. 2001)).  To obtain
reversal of a judgment based on error in the admission or exclusion of evidence,
an appellant must show that the trial court’s ruling was in error and that the
error was calculated to cause and probably did cause the rendition of an
improper judgment.  Nissan Motor Co. v. Armstrong, 145 S.W.3d 131, 144
(Tex. 2004).  “Erroneous admission of evidence requires reversal only if the
error probably (though not necessarily) resulted in [the rendition of] an
improper judgment.”  Id.; see also Tex. R. App. P. 61.1(a).  We address each of Melta’s
evidentiary issues in turn.
1.  Evidence on Myrtle’s
Physical and Mental Capacity
In issue two, Melta argues that the
trial court inappropriately allowed jurors to hear testimony about Myrtle’s
physical and mental capacity from a non-expert witness, Sandra Larson.  Melta
specifically complains Larson “is not a [sic] RN, and is not able to make a
diagnosis” regarding whether Myrtle may have lacked the mental capacity to
execute a will.    
Pro se litigants must abide by the
same standards as licensed attorneys and comply with applicable laws and rules
of procedure.  See Mansfield State Bank v. Cohn, 573 S.W.2d 181, 184-85
(Tex. 1978); Giddens v. Brooks, 92 S.W.3d 878, 880-81 (Tex. App.––Beaumont 2002, pet. denied).  “There cannot
be two sets of procedural rules, one for litigants with counsel and the other
for litigants representing themselves.”  Mansfield, 573 S.W.2d at 185
(citing Stein v. Lewisville Ind. Sch. Dist., 481 S.W.2d 436 (Tex. Civ.
App.––Fort Worth 1972, writ ref'd n. r. e.)).  Here, Melta failed to object
when Larson testified at length about Myrtle’s physical and mental capacity.  See
Tex. R. App. P. 38.1 (“As a
prerequisite to presenting a complaint for appellate review, the record must
show that the complaint was made to the trial court by a timely request,
objection, or motion . . . .”).  Accordingly, Melta failed to preserve error on
this point, and we overrule this issue.   Id.
2. Melta’s Medical History and
Character Evidence
In issue three, Melta argues that
the trial court erred when it allowed Melta’s personal medical history and
certain character evidence to be admitted into evidence.  Again, though, Melta
failed to timely object when testimony regarding her character was admitted.  Id. 
For example, while at a bench conference during the testimony of witness
Larson, the following exchange occurred:
[MELTA]:                                While
we’re here, can I just ask a question?  This evidence, the continuing of
evidence regarding my character, that’s just all going one way and is this—
 
[THE
COURT]:                      You’re going to have a chance to ask her questions
and you will also have an opportunity to testify as well.
 
[MELTA]:                                Okay. 
But my question is, is this relevant to the case with regards to her being
incapacitated or undue influence?
 
[THE
COURT]:                      Well, it’s already in.  So that was something that
should have been brought up before I admitted it.
 
Although Melta later timely
objected to the admission of certain testimony about her character evidence,
the evidence had already been admitted.  To
preserve error, appellant could have requested a running objection or objected
to all the testimony deemed objectionable.  See Schwartz v. Forest
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 127 S.W.3d 118, 124-25 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st
Dist.] 2003, pet. denied).  “Error in admitting evidence is cured where the
same evidence comes in elsewhere without objection.”  Id. at 124
(holding that error was waived when the appellant failed to timely object to
repeated references about his alleged litigious nature).  Because Melta failed
to timely object to preserve this issue, we overrule issue three.   
3.  Testimony Regarding Undue
Influence
In issue six, Melta contends that
the trial court erred when it admitted testimony regarding alleged undue
influence over the creation and execution of Myrtle’s will.  We overrule this
issue on the same basis that we overruled issues two and three.  Melta failed
to timely object and thus preserve error when testimony regarding her alleged
undue influence was admitted into evidence.  See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1.  
4.  Exclusion of Records
In her seventh issue, Melta complains
that the trial court did not accept certain documents regarding Myrtle’s health
and well-being into evidence.  Based on our review of the record, we presume
that Melta is referring to the medical records from Jordan Health Services. 
The record indicates that Melta called the custodian of records from Jordan
Health Services, Patricia Nunez, onto the stand during trial.  Henry and
Winston’s counsel objected to these documents because they were not
self-authenticated.  Melta could not establish the proper predicate to
authenticate the documents and, thus, could not offer them into evidence.  On
the record, Melta stated, “I just—Your Honor, at this point I think I’ll just
dismiss the witness because I don’t know what . . . the predicate is.”  
To complain on appeal that the
trial court improperly excluded evidence, the party must have first preserved
error by offering the evidence and securing an adverse ruling from the trial
court.  See Perez v. Lopez, 74 S.W.3d 60, 66 (Tex. App.––El Paso 2002,
no pet.); see also Dean-Groff v. Groff, No. 13-06-085-CV, 2007 Tex. App.
LEXIS 8881, at *14 (Tex. App.––Corpus Christi Nov. 8, 2007, no pet.) (mem.
op.).  The complaining party must have complied with Texas Rule of Evidence
103(a)(2) which states that error may not be predicated upon a ruling that
excludes evidence unless, “the substance of the evidence was made known to the
court by offer, or was apparent from the context within which questions were
asked.”  Tex. R. Evid. 103(a)(2); see
Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a)(1); Wade
v. Comm'n for Lawyer Discipline, 961 S.W.2d 366, 374 (Tex. App.––Houston
[1st Dist.] 1997, no pet.).  Without an offer of proof, this Court cannot
determine whether exclusion of the evidence was harmful.  Perez, 74
S.W.3d at 66-67.
Melta made no offer of proof. 
Further, she did not offer the excluded evidence into the record by filing a
formal bill of exception within thirty days of filing the notice of appeal.  See
Tex. R. App. P. 33.2.  Because we
cannot consider the records and because the substance of the records is not
apparent from the record, Melta has failed to preserve error regarding these
reports. See Wade, 961 S.W.2d at 374 (holding that, in the absence of offer
of proof, an appellate court has no basis to review a contention that the trial
court committed reversible error by preventing defendant from introducing documents). 
Accordingly, we overrule this issue.
C.      Issues
Regarding the Jury Charge and Closing Arguments
By her fourth issue, Melta
complains that the jury charge “was not relevant or consistent to the issues
presented in opposition to a will contest.”  However, during the charge
conference, the trial court specifically asked Melta:  “Do you have any
objections [to the charge]?”, and Melta replied, “No.  That’s fine.”  Accordingly,
we hold that Melta failed to preserve error on this issue.  See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1.
Melta also argues that counsel for
Henry and Winston “continued to give incorrect and confusing interpretations of
the law, and to the jurors regarding ‘yes or no’ answers, and the Jurors were
still confused when they rendered their decision.”  We presume that Melta
refers to opposing counsel’s closing arguments, where counsel offered guidance
on how to answer the jury charge.  Melta did not object during counsel’s closing
arguments, so this sub-issue has also been waived.  Id.  


Melta finally contends that “the
prepared Final Judgment was not consistent with the juror’s verdict.”  The jury
charge posed two questions to the jurors in this case.  Question 1 asked the jury
the following:  “Do you find from a preponderance of the evidence that Myrtle
Marie Brooks lacked the testamentary capacity to make and sign her Last Will
and Testament?”  The jurors answered “Yes” to this question.  Question 2 asked,
“Do you find from a preponderance of the evidence that the Last Will and
Testament of Myrtle Marie Brooks, dated May 14, 2004, was made as the result of
undue influence exercised by Melta Brooks-Cannon over Myrtle Marie Brooks?” 
The jurors answered in the affirmative to this question, as well.  However, the
Final Judgment states that “the jury . . . answered ‘No’ to Question 1, and
‘Yes’ to Question 2 . . . .”
This error did not cause the
rendition of an improper judgment.  See Tex.
R. App. P. 44.1.  The jury found two bases upon which to invalidate the
will, but the judgment, because of a clerical error, only refers to one.  Pursuant
to Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 43.2(b), the remedy for this challenged
inconsistency is not to reverse the judgment, as Melta urges, but to modify the
trial court’s judgment to reflect that the “jury answered ‘Yes’ to Question 1,
and ‘Yes’ to Question 2.”  See Tex.
R. App. P. 43.2.  Having addressed all of the sub-issues in issue four,
we overrule it.
D.       The Appointment of an Attorney Ad Litem
Melta’s fifth issue complains that
the court appointed attorney Joe A. Flores as an attorney ad litem on October
16, 2007, when Henry and Winston filed their application for determination of
heirship.  In her brief, Melta argues that Flores’s “duties were to represent
[Myrtle’s] heirs.”  She complains that Flores instead “reported to the court
regarding [Melta’s] medical background, and referred to information again that
was obtained illegally . . . i.e. 10-year-old bankruptcy issues and psychiatric
medical background wit to [sic] Bi-polar.”  
Melta’s appellate point of error is
unclear in this regard.  See Tex.
R. App. P. 38.1(i).  It appears that Melta disagrees with Flores’s
testimony and report in the case.  We note that the only time Flores appears in
the record is outside the presence of the jury when he discussed his
appointment with reference to the application for determination of heirship and
his compensation for work done in that regard.  Melta also references a report
that Flores submitted to the trial court as part of that appointment, but
Flores’s report is not in the appellate record.   Because neither Flores’s
testimony nor his report were preserved for this Court to review, we overrule
Melta’s fifth issue.  See Tex. R.
App. P. 33.1.
III.  Conclusion
Having overruled all of Melta’s
issues on appeal, we modify the clerical error in the judgment and affirm the
judgment of the trial court, as modified.
 
 
________________________
GINA
M. BENAVIDES,
Justice
 
 
Delivered and filed the
23rd day of June, 2011. 
 




[1]  The statute
provides as follows:  
 
If,
after an application for the probate of a will or for the appointment of a
general personal representative has been filed, and before such application has
been heard, an application for the probate of a will of the decedent, not
theretofore presented for probate, is filed, the court shall hear both
applications together and determine what instrument, if any, should be
admitted to probate, or whether the decedent died intestate.
 
Tex. Prob. Code Ann. § 83(a) (West 2010) (emphasis added).  
 


[2] HIPAA stands for the Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act of 1996.  Pub. L. No. 104-191, 110 Stat. 1936 (1996) (codified
as amended at 42 U.S.C.A. §§ 1320d-1320d-8 (2007)).  The law provides, among other
things, federal protections for personal health information held by covered
entities and gives patients an array of rights with respect to that
information.


