                IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF KANSAS


                                             No. 114,076

                            In the Matter of JOHN ANDREW O'LEARY,
                                           Respondent.

                          ORIGINAL PROCEEDING IN DISCIPLINE


        Original proceeding in discipline. Opinion filed December 18, 2015. Disbarment.


        Kimberly L. Knoll, Deputy Disciplinary Administrator, argued the cause, and Stanton A. Hazlett,
Disciplinary Administrator, was with her on the formal complaint for the petitioner.


        Respondent did not appear.


        Per Curiam: This is an original proceeding in discipline filed by the office of the
Disciplinary Administrator against the respondent, John Andrew O'Leary, of Luray, an
attorney admitted to the practice of law in Kansas in 1991.


        On January 16, 2015, the office of the Disciplinary Administrator filed a formal
complaint against the respondent alleging violations of the Kansas Rules of Professional
Conduct (KRPC). The respondent did not file an answer. A hearing was held on the
complaint before a panel of the Kansas Board for Discipline of Attorneys on April 7,
2015, where the respondent did not appear. The hearing panel determined that respondent
violated KRPC 5.5(a) (2014 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 650) (unauthorized practice of law);
8.4(g) (2014 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 680) (engaging in conduct adversely reflecting on
lawyer's fitness to practice law); and Kansas Supreme Court Rule 211(b) (2014 Kan. Ct.
R. Annot. 363) (failure to file answer in disciplinary proceeding).



                                                    1
      Upon conclusion of the hearing, the panel made the following findings of fact and
conclusions of law, together with its recommendation to this court:


                                   "FINDINGS OF FACT
              ....


              "6.     On December 12, 2014, the Court issued an order of temporary
      suspension as a result of the respondent's multiple misdemeanor convictions. The
      respondent's license remains suspended.


              "Criminal Cases—Russell County—DA11624, DA11983, and DA12124


                                              "11CR195


              "7.     The Russell County Attorney charged the respondent in a four count
      complaint, in case number 11CR195. The charges included possession of
      methamphetamine, a severity level 4 drug felony, possession of hydrocodone, a severity
      level 4 drug felony, possession of marijuana, a class A nonperson misdemeanor, and
      possession of drug paraphernalia, a class A nonperson misdemeanor. Thereafter, on May
      24, 2012, the respondent entered a plea of guilty to possession of marijuana and
      possession of drug paraphernalia. In exchange, the prosecutor dismissed the two felonies.
      The court sentenced the respondent to a jail sentence of 12 months, but granted the
      respondent's request for probation. The court ordered the respondent to refrain from
      consuming drugs or alcohol during the 12 month period of probation.


              "8.     By virtue of the events of April 11, 2013, detailed below, the respondent
      violated the terms of the order of probation. On April 18, 2013, the respondent admitted
      that he violated his probation by consuming an alcoholic beverage. The respondent
      agreed to submit to a substance abuse evaluation and comply with the recommendations
      contained in the report of evaluation. Further, the respondent's probation was extended.


              "9.     Again, the respondent . . . violated the terms of the order of probation in
      11CR195 by engaging in further criminal conduct and by continuing to consume
                                                   2
alcoholic beverages. On August 1, 2014, the court revoked the respondent's probation and
ordered him to jail for a period of 120 days. The respondent reported to jail on August 11,
2014. The respondent remained in custody until December 9, 2014.


                                        "13TR220


         "10.   On April 11, 2013, the respondent was charged with speeding, a traffic
infraction, transporting an open container, a misdemeanor, and driving with an expired
driver's license, a misdemeanor, in Russell County District Court, case number 13TR220.


         "11.   The prosecutor agreed to dismiss the charge of speeding in return for the
respondent's guilty plea to the remaining two charges. On March 19, 2014, the
respondent entered a plea of guilty to transporting an open container of alcohol and
driving with an expired driver's license in 13TR220. The court ordered the respondent to
pay a fine.


                                        "13TR577


         "12.   On July 13, 2013, the respondent was stopped by law enforcement. The
prosecutor charged the respondent with driving with defective stop lamps, a traffic
infraction, transporting an open container, a misdemeanor, and refusal to submit to a
preliminary breath test, a misdemeanor, in District Court of Russell County, case number
13TR577.


         "13.   On March 19, 2014, the respondent entered a plea of guilty to the
charges of defective stop lamps and refusal to submit to a preliminary breath test in
13TR577. The prosecutor agreed to dismiss the charge of transporting an open container
in exchange for the respondent's guilty pleas. The court assessed $236 in fines and court
costs.




                                             3
                                         "14TR75


        "14.    On February 3, 2014, the prosecutor charged the respondent with driving
under the influence of alcohol, a class B nonperson misdemeanor, reckless driving, a
misdemeanor, transporting an open container, a misdemeanor, and operating a vehicle at
a speed greater than is reasonable and prudent, a traffic infraction, for an incident which
occurred on December 28, 2013, case number 14TR75.


        "15.    On March 19, 2014, the respondent entered a guilty plea to reckless
driving. The prosecutor dismissed the driving under the influence of alcohol charge, the
transporting an open container charge, and the speeding charge.


                                         "14TR150


        "16.    On March 2, 2014, the respondent was stopped for driving while
suspended. On March 14, 2014, the prosecutor charged the respondent in a one count
complaint alleging that the respondent operated a motor vehicle when his license to do so
was suspended, case number 14TR150. On March 19, 2014, the prosecutor agreed to
reduce the charge to driving in violation of a restriction, a misdemeanor, in exchange for
the respondent's guilty plea. The respondent entered a guilty plea to driving in violation
of a restriction. The court ordered the respondent to pay a fine and the court suspended
the respondent's privilege to drive for 30 days.


                                         "14CR177


        "17.    Based upon a tip from the respondent's administrative assistant, on July
2, 2014, law enforcement officers executed a search warrant at the respondent's law
office. The officers seized aluminum foil with burnt residue, a baggie with a dismantled
ink pen and residue, two unmarked pill bottles with white powdery residue, and several




                                             4
empty beer bottles. Later, the KBI lab determined that the aluminum foil had traces of
methamphetamine and diazepam and the pill bottles had traces of hydrocodone.


        "18.     On July 30, 2014, the prosecutor charged the respondent with possession
of methamphetamine, a severity level 5 drug felony and possession of drug paraphernalia,
a class A nonperson misdemeanor. Later, in November, 2014, the prosecutor dismissed
the possession of methamphetamine charge and the respondent entered a plea of guilty to
the possession of drug paraphernalia charge. The court ordered the respondent to pay the
costs of the action.


                        "Unauthorized Practice of Law–DA11907


        "19.     After the respondent's license to practice law was suspended, the
respondent engaged in settlement negotiations on behalf of a client. The respondent
admitted to practicing law by engaging in settlement negotiations after his license to
practice law had been suspended.


                       "Criminal Case—Rooks County—DA12077


        "20.     On March 18, 2014, the respondent provided a check in the amount of
$4,281.36 to the Rooks County Treasurer. The check was returned for insufficient funds.
The Rooks County Treasurer afforded the respondent seven days to pay the check. The
respondent failed to do so.


        "21.     On May 2, 2014, the prosecutor charged the respondent with one count
of delivering a check with the intent to defraud, Rooks County District Court, case
number 14CR30. On June 10, 2014, the respondent entered a plea of guilty to a reduced
charge of giving a worthless check, a class A misdemeanor. The court sentenced the
respondent to 120 days in jail but granted the respondent's request for probation. The
court ordered the respondent to pay court costs and restitution.




                                             5
                                     "Conclusions of Law


        "22.    Based upon the findings of fact, the hearing panel concludes as a matter
of law that the respondent violated KRPC 5.5(a), KRPC 8.4(g), and Kan. Sup. Ct. R. 211,
as detailed below.
                                          "Service


        "23.    The respondent failed to appear at the hearing on the formal complaint. It
is appropriate to proceed to hearing when a respondent fails to appear only if proper
service was obtained. Kan. Sup. Ct. R. 215 governs service of process in disciplinary
proceedings. That rule provides, in pertinent part as follows:


                '(a)     Service upon the respondent of the formal complaint in
        any disciplinary proceeding shall be made by the Disciplinary
        Administrator, either by personal service or by certified mail to the
        address shown on the attorney's most recent registration, or at his or her
        last known office address.


                ....


                '(c)     Service by mailing under subsection (a) or (b) shall be
        deemed complete upon mailing whether or not the same is actually
        received.'


In this case, the Disciplinary Administrator complied with Kan. Sup. Ct. R. 215(a) by
sending a copy of the formal complaint and the notice of hearing, via certified United
States mail, postage prepaid, to the address shown on the respondent's most recent
registration. The respondent failed to claim the package. The hearing panel concludes that
the respondent was afforded the notice that the Kansas Supreme Court Rules require.




                                             6
                                      "KRPC 5.5(a)


        "24.    KRPC 5.5(a) prohibits the unauthorized practice of law. After the Kansas
Supreme Court suspended the respondent's license to practice law, the respondent
continued to practice law. Specifically, the respondent attempted to negotiate a settlement
on behalf of a client after his license to practice law had been suspended. As such, the
hearing panel concludes that the respondent violated KRPC 5.5(a).


                                      "KRPC 8.4(g)


        "25.    'It is professional misconduct for a lawyer to . . . engage in any other
conduct that adversely reflects on the lawyer's fitness to practice law.' KRPC 8.4(g). The
respondent engaged in conduct that adversely reflects on his fitness to practice law by
repeatedly engaged in criminal conduct. Thus, the hearing panel concludes that the
respondent violated KRPC 8.4(g).


                                 "Kan. Sup. Ct. R. 211(b)


        "26.    The Kansas Supreme Court Rules require attorneys to file answers to
formal complaints. Kan. Sup. Ct. R. 211(b) provides the requirements:


        'The respondent shall serve an answer upon the Disciplinary
        Administrator within twenty days after the service of the complaint
        unless such time is extended by the Disciplinary Administrator or the
        hearing panel.'


Kan. Sup. Ct. R. 211(b). The respondent violated Kan. Sup. Ct. R. 211(b) by failing to
file a timely written answer to the formal complaint. Accordingly, the hearing panel
concludes that the respondent violated Kan. Sup. Ct. R. 211(b).




                                             7
                                  "American Bar Association
                         Standards for Imposing Lawyer Sanctions


           "27.   In making this recommendation for discipline, the hearing panel
considered the factors outlined by the American Bar Association in its Standards for
Imposing Lawyer Sanctions (hereinafter 'Standards'). Pursuant to Standard 3, the factors
to be considered are the duty violated, the lawyer's mental state, the potential or actual
injury caused by the lawyer's misconduct, and the existence of aggravating or mitigating
factors.


           "28.   Duty Violated. The respondent violated his duty to the public to maintain
his personal integrity. Additionally, the respondent violated his duty to the legal
profession to comply with the rules of the profession.


           "29.   Mental State. The respondent knowingly violated his duties.


           "30.   Injury. As a result of the respondent's misconduct, the respondent caused
injury to the legal profession.


           "31.   Aggravating and Mitigating Circumstances. Aggravating circumstances
are any considerations or factors that may justify an increase in the degree of discipline to
be imposed. In reaching its recommendation for discipline, the hearing panel, in this case,
found the following aggravating factors present:


           "32.   A Pattern of Misconduct. The respondent engaged in a pattern of
misconduct by repeatedly engaging in criminal conduct.


           "33.   Multiple Offenses. The respondent committed multiple rule violations.
The respondent violated KRPC 5.5(a), KRPC 8.4(g), and Kan. Sup. Ct. R. 211(b).
Accordingly, the hearing panel concludes that the respondent committed multiple
offenses.




                                              8
        "34.     Substantial Experience in the Practice of Law. The Kansas Supreme
Court admitted the respondent to practice law in the State of Kansas in 1991. At the time
of the misconduct, the respondent has been practicing law for more than twenty years.


        "35.     Illegal Conduct, Including that Involving the Use of Controlled
Substances. The respondent repeatedly engaged in criminal conduct. The respondent's
criminal conduct is an aggravating factor.


        "36.     Mitigating circumstances are any considerations or factors that may
justify a reduction in the degree of discipline to be imposed. In reaching its
recommendation for discipline, the hearing panel, in this case, found the following
mitigating circumstances present:


        "37.     Absence of a Prior Disciplinary Record. The respondent has not
previously been disciplined.


        "38.     Absence of a Dishonest or Selfish Motive. The respondent's misconduct
does not appear to have been motivated by dishonesty or selfishness.


        "39.     In addition to the above-cited factors, the hearing panel has thoroughly
examined and considered the following Standards:


        '5.12    Suspension is generally appropriate when a lawyer knowingly
                 engages in criminal conduct which does not contain the elements
                 listed in Standard 5.11 and that seriously adversely reflects on
                 the lawyer's fitness to practice.


        '7.2     Suspension is generally appropriate when a lawyer knowingly
                 engages in conduct that is a violation of a duty owed as a
                 professional, and causes injury or potential injury to a client, the
                 public, or the legal system.'




                                                 9
                                           "Recommendation


               "40.    Based upon the respondent's misconduct and because the respondent
       failed to appear at the hearing, the disciplinary administrator recommended that the
       respondent be disbarred.


               "41.    While the hearing panel appreciates the disciplinary administrator's
       position regarding the respondent's failure to appear, because the respondent has not
       previously been disciplined, the hearing panel concludes that indefinite suspension is
       warranted. Thus, based upon the findings of fact, conclusions of law, and the Standards
       listed above, the hearing panel unanimously recommends that the respondent's license to
       practice law in Kansas be indefinitely suspended.


               "42.    Costs are assessed against the respondent in an amount to be certified by
       the Office of the Disciplinary Administrator."


                                             DISCUSSION


       In a disciplinary proceeding, this court considers the evidence, the findings of the
hearing panel, and the arguments of the parties to determine (1) whether violations of the
KRPC exist and, (2) if they do, the appropriate measure of discipline. Attorney
misconduct must be established by clear and convincing evidence. In re Foster, 292 Kan.
940, 945, 258 P.3d 375 (2011); see Supreme Court Rule 211(f) (2014 Kan. Ct. R. Annot.
363). Clear and convincing evidence is "'evidence that causes the factfinder to believe
that "the truth of the facts asserted is highly probable."'" In re Lober, 288 Kan. 498, 505,
204 P.3d 610 (2009) (quoting In re Dennis, 286 Kan. 708, 725, 188 P.3d 1 [2008]).


       The respondent received adequate notice of the formal complaint. He did not file
an answer; he filed no exceptions to the hearing panel's final hearing report. With no
exceptions before us, the panel's findings of fact are deemed admitted. Supreme Court

                                                   10
Rule 212(c), (d) (2014 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 383). Furthermore, the evidence before the
hearing panel established the charged misconduct in violation of KRPC 5.5(a) (2014 Kan.
Ct. R. Annot. 650) (unauthorized practice of law); 8.4(g) (2014 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 680)
(engaging in conduct adversely reflecting on lawyer's fitness to practice law); and Kansas
Supreme Court Rule 211(b) (2014 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 363) (failure to file answer in
disciplinary proceeding) by clear and convincing evidence and supported the panel's
conclusions of law. We therefore adopt the panel's findings and conclusions.


       The only remaining issue before us is the appropriate discipline for respondent's
violations. The hearing panel recommended indefinite suspension. At the hearing before
this court, at which the respondent did not appear, the office of the Disciplinary
Administrator recommended disbarment. See e.g., Kansas Supreme Court Rule 212(d)
(2014 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 369) (respondent shall appear in person in disciplinary
proceedings before the Supreme Court).


       We frequently follow a hearing panel's recommendation. But in this case, we must
consider the implications of a circumstance that did not exist at the time the hearing panel
made its recommendation—specifically, the respondent's failure to appear before this
court. Respondent received notice of the court hearing by certified mail. He signed for the
mail, showing his receipt and acceptance of service of the notice. A respondent's failure
to appear before this court after having been given notice may warrant a sanction greater
than that recommended by the Disciplinary Administrator or panel, even up to
disbarment. "Certainly, the lack of an appearance at a hearing before this court qualifies
as an additional aggravator." In re Barker, 302 Kan. 156, 163, 351 P.3d 1256, 1261
(2015); see In re Batt, 296 Kan. 395, 294 P.3d 241 (2013).


       The lack-of-appearance aggravator seems particularly apt in this case because it
reflects a disturbing pattern—respondent's contempt for orders of this court and for the
                                             11
disciplinary process. When this court suspended respondent's license in 2013 for
administrative reasons, respondent ignored the order and practiced law without a license.
When this court issued an order for the respondent to appear on December 12, 2014, to
show cause why his license to practice law should not be temporarily suspended during
the pendency of this disciplinary proceeding, respondent did not appear. Similarly,
respondent showed a complete disregard for the disciplinary process when he failed to
file an answer or respond to the notices to appear before the hearing panel and this court.


       Granted, the record suggests there might be mitigating circumstances. From May
2012 until the time the petition in this case was filed in January of 2015, respondent was
convicted in four criminal cases and three traffic cases. Many (and perhaps all) related to
the use or possession of drugs or alcohol, suggesting respondent may suffer from
dependency issues. Nevertheless, while respondent has phoned or written to the
Disciplinary Administrator's office on occasion, he never filed an answer or sought to
formally explain or mitigate his behavior, either before the hearing panel or this court.
Had he appeared in court, we might have followed the hearing panel's recommendation.
But a majority of this court views respondent's failure to appear, when viewed in the
context of his criminal behavior and his previous disdain for the orders of this court and
the disciplinary process, as a significant aggravator.


       In light of these circumstances, a majority of the court agrees with the office of
Disciplinary Administrator that disbarment is the appropriate sanction. A minority of the
court would follow the hearing panel's recommendation of indefinite suspension.




                                             12
                               CONCLUSION AND DISCIPLINE


       IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that John Andrew O'Leary be disbarred from the
practice of law in the state of Kansas, effective on the filing of this opinion, in accordance
with Supreme Court Rule 203(a)(1) (2014 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 306).


       IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the respondent shall comply with Supreme Court
Rule 218 (2014 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 414) and Rule 219 (2014 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 415).


       IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the costs of these proceedings be assessed to the
respondent and that this opinion be published in the official Kansas Reports.


       NUSS, C.J., and BEIER, J., not participating.
       THOMAS E. MALONE, Chief Judge of the Kansas Court of Appeals, assigned.1
       MICHAEL J. MALONE, Senior Judge, assigned.2




1
 REPORTER'S NOTE: Chief Judge Malone, of the Kansas Court of Appeals, was
appointed to hear case No. 114,076 vice Justice Beier under the authority vested in the
Supreme Court by K.S.A. 20-3002(c).
2
 REPORTER'S NOTE: Senior Judge Malone was appointed to hear case No. 114,076
vice Justice Nuss under the authority vested in the Supreme Court by K.S.A. 20-2616.

                                             13
