                 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                             AT NASHVILLE
                                     April 8, 2003 Session

                     In Re: LILLIE ODESSIE GREEN, Decedent

         An Appeal from the Circuit Court for Davidson County (Probate Division)
                No. 01P1745     Honorable Frank G. Clement, Jr., Judge



                    No. M2002-01672-COA-R3-CV - Filed August 29, 2003


The court is asked to construe the following language contained in a form will:

      “I give all my estate to my children, if any, who survive me in equal shares, per stirpes.”

The testatrix was survived by four of her five children. The trial court held that the two children of
the testatrix’s child who predeceased her did not take any of her estate. We hold likewise.



    Tenn. R. App. P.3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed; and
                                       Remanded

ROYCE TAYLOR, Sp. J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which BEN H. CANTRELL , P .J., M .S., and
WILLIAM CA IN , J., joined.


Paul N. Rudolph, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellants, Troy Green and Thomas Roy Green

Robert B. Young, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellees/Co-Executors, Harold Calvin Buttrey and
Juanita Green

Karl D. Warden, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellees/Defendants, Freddie G. Buttrey, Roy K.
Green and Joann England


                                             OPINION

      The testatrix, Lillie Odessie Green, died on October 26, 2001 at age ninety-one (91). Her will
was admitted to probate November 27, 2001. The will is a preprinted form with blanks to make
hand written entries. It purports to be copyrighted “by AFBP. All rights reserved.” The will is dated
the sixteenth day of February, 1987 and identifies her husband as James Thomas Green. Mr. Green
predeceased Mrs. Green. The dispositive language is set forth in the third paragraph as follows:
       “I give all my estate to my husband. In the event that my said husband shall predecease me
       or fails to survive me for sixty (60) days, I give all my estate to my children, if any, who
       survive me in equal shares, per stirpes. If I am survived by neither my husband, nor children,
       then I give my estate to: Grandchildren in equal shares1 to be his/her/theirs in equal shares
       or their survivor.”

        The testatrix was survived by four children, Freddie G. Buttrey, Frank Ronald Green, Roy
K. Green, and JoAnn England. The testatrix was also survived by two grandsons, Troy Green and
Thomas Roy Green, who are the children of a son who predeceased her. The grandsons appeal from
the order entered June 21, 2002, which orders the estate of Lillie Odessie Green distributed in equal
shares to the four surviving children.
        The use of the term “per stirpes”2 after the language “my children, if any, who survive me
in equal shares” creates an obvious inconsistency if not impossibility. The preprinted language
connotes a per capita3 distribution.

         “The cardinal rule in construction of all wills is that the court shall seek to discover the
         intention of the testator and give effect to it, unless it contravenes some rule of law or public
         policy. That intention is to be ascertained from the particular words used, from the context,
         and from the general scope and purpose of the will, read in the light of the surrounding and
         attending circumstances.” Moore v. Neely, 370 S.W. 2d 537, 540 (Tenn.1963).

         In this case, taking the devise as a whole, the clear intention of the testatrix without the
language “per stirpes” is to pass her estate to her surviving children and only to her grandchildren
if there are no surviving children.

         “Where a testator uses technical words, he will be taken to use them in their legal sense
         unless the context clearly indicate the contrary. (cite omitted) Where a will is drafted by a
         lawyer, technical words used therein must be given technical meanings.” (cites omitted)
         Banovic v. Davis, 642 S.W.2d 153, 156 (Tenn. App.1982).


         1
             “Grandch ildren in equal sha res” is hand-printed.

         2
           Per stirpes- By roots or stocks; by representation. This term, derived from the civil law, is much used in the
law of descent[s] and distribution, and denotes that method of dividing an intestate estate where a class or group of
distributees take the share w hich their deceased would have been entitled to, had he or she lived, taking thus by their right
of rep resenting such ancestor, and not as so many individuals. It is the antithesis o f per capita (q.v.).
Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition.

         3
           Per capita- By the heads or polls; according to the number of individuals; share and share alike. This term,
derived from the civil law, is much used in the law of descent and distribution, and denotes that method of dividing an
intestate estate by which an equal share is given to each of a num ber o f perso ns, all of whom stand in equa l degre e to
the decedent, witho ut reference to their stocks or the right of represe ntation. It is the antithesis o f per stirp es.(q.v.).
Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition

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        In this case, the will was not prepared by a lawyer and the term “per stirpes” is contrary to
the remaining language. The misuse of the technical term “per stirpes” in a preprinted form should
not defeat the testatrix’s intention. “Where the intent of the testators is determined, the use of inept
words or errors in grammar and punctuation will not vary, change or alter that intent.” Mongle v.
Summers, 592 S.W. 2d 594, 596 (Tenn. App. 1979).

       We therefore hold that the trial judge correctly determined the intention of the testatrix and
his Order of distribution is affirmed. This matter is remanded to the trial court for distribution and
closure of the estate. Costs are taxed to the appellants.


                                                _______________________________________
                                                ROYCE TAYLOR, SPECIAL JUDGE




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