                               COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


Present: Judges Elder, Beales and Senior Judge Willis


RICHMOND DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES
                                                                 MEMORANDUM OPINION*
v.     Record No. 2261-05-2                                          PER CURIAM
                                                                     JUNE 13, 2006
PETERSBURG DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES1


                 FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF PETERSBURG
                               Pamela S. Baskervill, Judge

                 (Sarah M. Denham, Assistant City Attorney, on brief), for appellant.

                 (Joan M. O’Donnell; James R. Traylor, Guardian ad litem for the
                 infant child, on brief), for appellee.


       By order entered August 18, 2005, the Circuit Court for the City of Petersburg (“trial court”)

determined that it was without jurisdiction to entertain an appeal by the Richmond Department of

Social Services (“RDSS”) from certain orders entered by the Juvenile and Domestic Relations

District Court for the City of Petersburg (“JDR court”). On this appeal, RDSS contends the trial

court’s determination was error. We disagree, and summarily affirm the decision of the trial court.

Rule 5A:27.

       The Petersburg Department of Social Services (“PDSS”) removed L.J., a child, from his

home. PDSS learned that L.J.’s caretaker had signed a “safety plan” with RDSS, requiring the

caretaker to take certain steps for L.J.’s benefit. The JDR court held two hearings. At the first, an

Emergency Removal Hearing, it awarded temporary custody of L.J. to PDSS. At the second, a



       *
           Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
       1
          Appellee’s motion is granted only to the extent that the name of appellee is changed to
reflect the proper appellee.
Preliminary Removal Hearing, it ordered RDSS to take custody of L.J., and entered a Preliminary

Removal Order, an Adjudicatory Order, and an Order of Transfer. RDSS appealed those orders to

the trial court.

         PDSS filed a motion to dismiss in the trial court. The trial court held a hearing on the

motion, after which it entered an order finding “that no final or dispositional order has been entered

in this matter [by the JDR court] in accordance with Va. Code § 16.1-296 and that this Court is

therefore without jurisdiction to proceed on the Notice of Appeal filed by Richmond Department of

Social Services.”

         On appeal to us, RDSS contends the trial court erred (1) in finding that the JDR court’s

orders were not appealable, and (2) by refusing to address whether the transfer of L.J.’s custody

to RDSS was appropriate. Because the first issue is dispositive of this appeal, we address it

alone.

         Code § 16.1-252 governs preliminary removal orders. In contrast, Code § 16.1-278.2

governs dispositional, or final, orders. The question is whether a party may appeal to a circuit

court from a JDR court’s entry of a preliminary removal order. The answer is “no.”

         Code § 16.1-278.2(D) reads: “A dispositional order entered pursuant to this section is a

final order from which an appeal may be taken in accordance with § 16.1-296.” Code § 16.1-252

contains no such language, but does read, “The hearing shall be in the nature of a preliminary

hearing rather than a final determination of custody.” Code § 16.1-252(A). Likewise, Code

§ 16.1-296(A) states “orders entered pursuant to § 16.1-278.2 are final orders from which an

appeal may be taken.” That statute makes no mention of orders entered pursuant to Code

§ 16.1-252.

         In addition, subpart (H) of Code § 16.1-252 instructs the JDR court to schedule “a

dispositional hearing . . . pursuant to § 16.1-278.2” within seventy-five days of the date of the

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preliminary removal hearing. The clear interplay between these two statutes reveals a statutory

intent that the preliminary removal order issue prior to the dispositional hearing and that disputes

concerning the preliminary removal order be resolved at the dispositional hearing. By plain

language and by clear textual implication, a preliminary removal order is not a dispositional

order, is not a final order, and thus is not subject to appeal. A contrary interpretation would

render meaningless the statutory scheme, and the resulting circuit court jurisdiction could

frustrate the deadlines imposed upon the JDR court.

        RDSS also contends that the trial court’s orders serve as the functional equivalent of

dispositional orders. In support of this argument, RDSS argues that “Virginia Code § 16.1-278.2

dictates that a court may transfer legal custody of a child to a local board of social services upon

disposition to protect the welfare of the child[,]” and “because the JDR court issued a finding of

abuse and neglect and because that court properly disposed of the case by transferring custody to

RDSS, it clearly issued a final dispositional order notwithstanding the timing of the hearing or

the title of the order.”

        We reject this argument. While Code § 16.1-278.2 allows a JDR court to transfer

custody permanently upon disposition, Code § 16.1-252, as well as Code § 16.1-251, allow for

temporary transfers of custody. Likewise, Code §§ 16.1-251 and 16.1-252 have their own

procedural requirements, which are distinct from the mechanisms provided in Code § 16.1-278.2.

RDSS cannot graft a Code § 16.1-278.2 requirement onto the other two statutes.

        For these reasons, we conclude that the trial court did not err in finding that it lacked

jurisdiction to entertain RDSS’s appeal. We summarily affirm that finding. Rule 5A:27.

                                                                                            Affirmed.




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