                                                                            FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                            MAR 10 2017
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS


                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT


UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                        No.   15-30396

              Plaintiff-Appellee,                D.C. No.
                                                 4:13-cr-00027-BMM-1
 v.

LELAND NEIL LAPIER, Jr.,                         MEMORANDUM*

              Defendant-Appellant.


                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Montana
                     Brian M. Morris, District Judge, Presiding

                            Submitted March 8, 2017**
                                Portland, Oregon

Before: O’SCANNLAIN, FISHER, and FRIEDLAND, Circuit Judges.

      Leland Lapier Jr. appeals his felony conviction for possession with intent to

distribute methamphetamine. Lapier argues that, during resentencing, the district

court: (1) incorrectly calculated the applicable sentencing guideline range by


      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
relying on insufficient evidence and (2) failed to rule on Lapier’s requested two-

point minor participant role reduction under U.S.S.G. 3B1.2. We have jurisdiction

under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm the district court’s sentencing decision. As

the facts are known to the parties, we repeat them only as necessary to explain our

decision.

                                            I

      Lapier argues that the district court incorrectly determined the total drug

weight attributable to him. He alleges that the district court failed to apply the

Culps factors, which require that: (1) the quantity be proved by a preponderance of

the evidence, (2) the evidence relied on to determine the quantity has sufficient

indicia of reliability, and (3) the court err on the side of caution. United States v.

Culps, 300 F.3d 1069, 1076 (9th Cir. 2002). On appeal, the district court’s

approximation of drug quantity is reviewed for clear error. United States v.

Gadson, 763 F.3d 1189, 1219 (9th Cir. 2014).

      The district court did not err in finding Lapier responsible for 499 grams of a

mixture containing methamphetamine. Testimony of coconspirators at trial, given

under oath and subject to cross-examination, contains sufficient indicia of

reliability to determine approximate drug weight. United States v. Flores, 725 F.3d

1028, 1038 (9th Cir. 2013). The district court arrived at the approximate drug


                                            2
quantity by utilizing the testimony of Louis Kanyid and Robert Boucher, Lapier’s

coconspirators in the original conspiracy charge. Kanyid testified to selling 3 to 3.5

pounds of methamphetamine to Lapier, while Boucher testified to selling 6 to 8

ounces of methamphetamine to Lapier. The district court erred on the side of

caution by (1) relying on the lowest calculation from this testimonial evidence, (2)

attributing 1013 grams of methamphetamine to Lapier’s personal use, and (3)

adopting a quantity just below the drug quantity table’s next highest breakpoint of

500 grams. Thus, there is no indication in the record that the district court failed to

meet the Culps criteria, and the district court’s calculation of approximate drug

weight was not clearly erroneous.

                                            II

      Lapier further contends that the district court failed to rule on his request for

a two-point minor role reduction pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 3B1.2. However, the

district court expressly denied the request, stating that Lapier “was, at the very

least, a participant without any modifier in front of it.” Lapier acknowledges this

oversight in his reply brief. Nevertheless, he asks this court to rule that the district

court clearly erred in denying the request.

      Although Lapier did not make that argument in his opening brief, the

government discussed this issue, and thus we have discretion to consider it. See


                                            3
United States v. Ullah, 976 F.2d 509, 514 (9th Cir. 1992). A minor participant role

reduction requires the defendant to be “substantially less culpable than the average

participant.” United States v. Herrera-Rivera, 832 F.3d 1166, 1174 (9th Cir. 2016)

(internal quotation marks and citation omitted). This court reviews the district

court’s determination of a defendant’s role in an offense for clear error. Gadson,

763 F.3d at 1219. Lapier’s counsel admitted that Lapier sold methamphetamine to

at least four individuals. Evidence at trial alluded to Lapier selling $6,000 worth of

methamphetamine in one day. The district court’s denial of Lapier’s requested two-

point minor role reduction therefore was not clearly erroneous.

      AFFIRMED.




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