           UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR VETERANS CLAIMS


                                             NO . 05-1394

                                MIGUEL A. CAMACHO , APPELLANT ,

                                                  V.


                                    R. JAMES NICHOLSON ,
                          SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, APPELLEE.


                          On Appeal from the Board of Veterans' Appeals


                                      (Decided    July 6, 2007 )


        Ronald L. Smith, of Washington, D.C., was on the brief for the appellant.

       Tim S. McClain, General Counsel; R. Randall Campbell, Assistant General Counsel; Mary
Ann Flynn, Principal Deputy Assistant General Counsel; and Davin L. Quinn, all of Washington,
D.C., were on the brief for the appellee.

        Before KASOLD, MOORMAN, and LANCE, Judges.

       MOORMAN, Judge, filed the opinion of the Court. KASOLD, Judge, filed an opinion
concurring in part and dissenting in part.

        MOORMAN, Judge: The appellant, veteran Miguel A. Camacho, appeals through counsel
a February 2, 2005, decision of the Board of Veterans' Appeals (Board) that denied entitlement to
an initial disability rating in excess of 20% for diabetes mellitus (diabetes). The parties each filed
briefs, and the appellant filed a reply brief. This appeal is timely, and the Court has jurisdiction to
review the Board's decision pursuant to 38 U.S.C. §§ 7252(a) and 7266(a). The Board found that
the only criterion not established that is necessary for the next higher disability rating, i.e., 40%
rating, is whether the evidence demonstrated that the appellant is required to "regulate his activities"
within the meaning of 38 C.F.R. 4.119, Diagnostic Code (DC) 7913 (2004). On appeal, we must
determine whether a decision by the appellant's employer to disqualify him from driving other
individuals at work constitutes a "regulation of activities" within the meaning of DC 7913.
Deferring to VA's interpretation of DC 7913, we hold that in order for a claimant to be entitled to
a 40% disability rating, the evidence must show that it is medically necessary for a claimant to avoid
strenuous occupational and recreational activities. Because the evidence of record does not establish
that it was medically necessary for the appellant to regulate his activities due to his service-
connected diabetes within the meaning of DC 7913, the Court will affirm the February 2005 Board
decision.


                                             I. FACTS
       Mr. Camacho served on active duty in the U.S. Army from August 1966 to August 1969.
Record (R.) at 13. In December 2000, he filed a claim for service connection for diabetes mellitus.
R. at 27. An October 2001 VA examination report noted that he was then currently "taking insulin
twice daily, was on a 1500-calorie diabetic diet, and does exercises every day except Thursday."
R. at 35. The physician gave the following impression: "Diabetes mellitus type II, insulin
dependent. Currently, his blood sugar ranges from 70 to 200. His blood sugar on 10-19-01 was 119,
B[UN] 15, [c]reatinine 1.2, albustix negative, H[gb] alc is 8.4, his diabetes is not well controlled."
R. at 36.
       In December 2001, a VA regional office (RO) awarded service connection for diabetes
mellitus and assigned a disability rating of 20%. R. at 75-82. Mr. Camacho timely appealed. He
submitted an August 2004 letter from his employer, the Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical
Center, North Chicago, Illinois (VAMC). The letter stated: "Miguel Camacho is a Motor Vehicle
Operator at North Chicago, VA. Part of his duties includes transporting patients. Recently a Motor
Vehicle Operator physical was performed. Due to his insulin dependent diabetes, he is disqualified
from driving patients." R. at 113. The letter was signed by "Stephanie D. Angelo MSN [(Master
of Science in Nursing)], NP [(Nurse Practitioner)], Employee Health Clinic Manager," at the
VAMC. R. at 113.
       Progress notes from the VAMC dated in October 2004 included the following medical
assessment of Mr. Camacho: "Type 2 diabetes, uncontrolled with diabetic cardiovascular
complications. [O]ne hypoglycemic reactions [sic] before lunch only on days with increased
physical activity or when he takes a late lunch[,] otherwise blood sugars are high most of the time
specially in am." R. at 116. An addendum from the physician noted the following: "Recently, [a]
question has been raised about the safety. I would defer it to [m]edical center administration

                                                  2
guidelines. Although, it would be safe if [he] works within the medical center without the
responsibility to act as Van driver." R. at 117. In March 2004, progress notes reported:
"[Mr. Camacho] exercises maybe three days per week and [he] cannot exercise more than that
because of his knee problems and sometimes he says his knee swells up. He also works full time
and it is very hard for him to exercise." R. at 120. The notes also report that the examiner advised
Mr. Camacho to exercise 6-7 days per week. Id.
        At a video-conference hearing before the Board in November 2004, Mr. Camacho testified
under oath that his diabetes prevents him from doing certain activities. R. at 143-44. He can no
longer climb stairs, work as a gardener, or do ground maintenance. Id. He stated: "[B]ecause I'm
on insulin, I can't even do my job no more. I can't drive, 'cause they're scared I might pass out which
I haven't, you know yet." R. at 143; see R. at 146 ("I can't transfer patients because of my diabet[es].
They seem to think I might pass out."). He testified that he no longer drives a van for the VA
hospital and VA now has him working "with fire and safety." R. at 147. He stated that he feels that
VA is being discriminatory towards him. R. at 151.
        In February 2005, the Board denied Mr. Camacho's claim for an initial disability rating in
excess of 20% for diabetes mellitus under 38 C.F.R. § 4.119, DC 7913. The Board found that the
record did not show that his activities had been regulated. R. at 8. Specifically, the Board found
that he met only two of the three criteria for a 40% disability rating: "Although the record reflected
that the veteran is required to take daily insulin injections and that he is on a restricted diet, the
record does not show that his activities are restricted." R. at 8. As to his employer's decision to
restrict his driving, the Board characterized it as a decision of his supervisor (R. at 6) and found that
"[t]he record does not indicate that any medical provider has stated that the veteran should not drive"
(R. at 8).
        On appeal, the appellant argues that his disqualification by his employer from driving at
work constitutes a "regulation of activities" within the meaning of DC 7913, that this is a question
of law for which this Court should apply the de novo standard of review, and that he is entitled to
a 40% disability rating. Appellant's Brief (Br.) at 10-12, Reply Br. at 1-2. The Secretary argues that
the phrase "regulation of activities" is defined in DC 7913 to mean "avoidance of strenuous
occupational and recreational activities." 38 C.F.R. § 4.119, DC 7913 (defining term within criteria
for a 100% rating). Secretary (Sec'y) Br. at 6. The Secretary asserts that "regulation of activities"

                                                   3
means that "the evidence must show that the claimant's activities, both occupational and recreational,
require that he avoid strenuous activity." Sec'y Br. at 6. The Secretary also argues that there is no
evidence that any competent medical provider has indicated that the appellant's diabetes is of such
severity that he should curtail his activities such as to avoid strenuous activity. Id. The Secretary
contends that the appellant's "employer's decision to disqualify him from holding a position that
requires driving does not equate to a restriction as provided under DC 7913." Id. at 7. In reply, the
appellant agrees with the Secretary's assertion that the definition of "regulation of activities"
provided under the 100% disability rating in DC 7913 applies to the 40% disability rating. Reply
Br. at 2. He argues that even if he does not fully meet the third criterion for the 40% rating, he
should be evaluated 40% disabled because his disqualification by his employer from driving patients
results in a serious regulation of his employment and exceeds the requirements for the 20% disability
rating. Reply Br. at 3 (citing 38 C.F.R. § 4.7, 4.21 (2005)).


                                           II. ANALYSIS
       The U.S. Supreme Court has held that an agency's interpretation of its own regulations is
entitled to substantial deference by the courts. See United States v. Cleveland Indians Baseball Co.,
532 U.S. 200 (2001) (cited in Smith v. Nicholson, 451 F.3d 1344, 1349 (2006)). When a court is
interpreting an administrative regulation, it "must necessarily look to the administrative construction
of the regulation if the meaning of the words used is in doubt." Bowles v. Seminole Rock & Sand
Co., 325 U.S. 410, 414 (1945) (quoted in Smith, 451 F.3d at 1350). The administrative construction
becomes "of controlling weight unless it is plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation."
Id.
       Applying these principles to the instant case, the Court concludes that the Secretary's
interpretation of DC 7913 is not plainly erroneous or inconsistent with the regulation. The
Secretary's interpretation of his own regulation, DC 7913, is entitled to substantial deference and
the Court will so treat it. A 20% disability rating for diabetes mellitus is warranted when the
diabetes requires insulin or an oral hypoglycemic agent and a restricted diet. A 40% disability rating
is warranted when the diabetes requires insulin, restricted diet, and regulation of activities.
38 C.F.R. § 4.119, DC 7913 (2006). The Secretary has defined "regulation of activities" in DC 7913
to mean "avoidance of strenuous occupational and recreational activities." 38 C.F.R. § 4.119, DC

                                                  4
7913 (defining term within criteria for a 100% rating). Both parties agree that this definition applies
to the "regulation of activities" criterion listed for the 40% rating for DC 7913 in the Schedule for
Rating Disabilities. The Secretary maintains that his interpretation of DC 7913 regarding the
"regulation of activities" criterion requires that "the evidence must show that the claimant's
activities, both occupational and recreational, require that he avoid strenuous activity." Sec'y Br.
at 6; Reply Br. at 2. Accordingly, a 40% disability rating under DC 7913 is assigned to a claimant
who demonstrates by evidence that, inter alia, he or she is required to avoid strenuous occupational
and recreational activities. As discussed below, the restriction on both types of activities is a means
of showing the severity of the disability.
        The first question then that must be addressed is whether medical evidence is required to
show that occupational and recreational activities have been restricted. The regulatory history for
DC 7913 supports the view that, in order to entitle a claimant to a disability rating greater than 20%,
it must be shown that a regulation of these activities is medically necessary. 61 Fed. Reg. 20,440
(May 7, 1996). In 1993, VA proposed a revision for DC 7913 so that the degree of impairment is
determined according to how well the disease is controlled. 58 Fed. Reg. 5691, 5693 (Jan. 22, 1993).
VA proposed "regulation of activities," not further defined, as a criterion at the 100%, 60%, and
40% levels. Id. At that time, the phrase "avoidance of strenuous occupational and recreational
activities" was expressly listed as a criteria for the 40% disability rating for diabetes. VA proposed
to delete the phrase "since it does not substantially clarify the meaning of careful regulation of
activities." Id. In implementing the final rule, however, VA decided to retain the phrase.
61 Fed. Reg. at 20443-43. VA stated that one commenter felt that the proposed deletion of the
language made the meaning less clear. VA stated that it agreed with the commenter and was
retaining the definition that had been used in the previous rating schedule. Id. VA also noted that
the same commenter had said that it is meaningless to include the limitation of activities as a factor
in evaluating diabetes mellitus since information of this type is not provided in a VA examination.
VA disagreed and stated: "VA Physician's Guide for Disability Evaluation Examinations is meant
to insure that all necessary tests are performed and that all findings are provided for diagnosis and/or
evaluation to meet the specific requirements of the Schedule for Rating Disabilities and related
programs. . . . The Guide will be revised to provide detailed guidelines for examinations reflecting
the revised provisions of the rating schedule. It is incumbent upon the rating board to return to the

                                                   5
examiner reports that lack information necessary to apply the provisions of the rating schedule (see
§ 4.2 of 38 C.F.R.)." 61 Fed. Reg. at 20444.
        The VA Physician's Guide was revised and replaced by the VA Clinician's Guide. The VA
Clinician's Guide, like the VA Physician's Guide, is a guide to VA doctors providing generalized
direction for the proper conduct of disability examinations. In paragraph 16.5 of the VA Clinician's
Guide, it states that an evaluation of diabetes mellitus must "[i]nclude any restrictions of diet or
physical activities and any weight loss." U.S. VETERANS CLINICIAN 'S GUIDE , Ch. 16, para. 16.5.
Accordingly, any "regulation of activities" is a matter that is to be included in the physician's
assessment of a claimant seeking VA disability compensation. See 61 Fed. Reg. at 20444; 38 C.F.R.
§ 4.1 (2006) ("For the application of this [rating] schedule, accurate and fully descriptive medical
examinations are required, with emphasis upon the limitation of activity imposed by the disabling
condition."); 38 C.F.R. § 4.10 (2006) ("The basis of disability evaluations is the ability ... to function
under the ordinary conditions of daily life including employment"; medical examiner must furnish
"full description of the effects of disability upon the person's ordinary activity"). The Court holds
that medical evidence is required to support this criterion of a 40% disability rating – regulation of
activities.
        The next question for the Court is whether there is a plausible basis for the Board's findings
that "there is no medical evidence that the veteran's activities are restricted" and, therefore, a higher
initial disability rating of 40% is not warranted under DC 7913. R. at 8; see Johnston v. Brown,
10 Vet.App. 80, 84 (1997) (applying established caselaw that degree of disability under the rating
code is a finding of fact subject to the "clearly erroneous" standard of review by this Court); Gilbert
v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 49, 53 (1990) (holding that when Court applies the "clearly erroneous"
standard, Court may not reverse Board's finding of fact if, after Court reviews the record in its
entirety, the finding is supported by a plausible basis). This question turns on whether there is
medical evidence of record that supports a finding that the appellant has been instructed to avoid
"strenuous occupational and recreational activities." The appellant relies solely on his employer's
August 2004 letter as sufficient evidence to show that his diabetes requires "regulation of activities."
The letter states: "Due to his insulin dependent diabetes, he is disqualified from driving patients."
R. at 113. On this point, the Board recognized that the appellant had been barred from driving



                                                    6
patients at his job due to his diabetes mellitus. R. at 8. The Board, however, found that "this was
done as a safety precaution for the patients." Id. The Board stated:
        The record does not indicate that any medical provider has stated that the veteran
        should not drive. None of the VA outpatient records or examination reports have
        indicated that the veteran's own personal activities are restricted due to diabetes
        mellitus. Throughout the medical evidence the veteran has been encouraged to
        exercise more regularly. Since there is no medical evidence that the veteran's
        activities are restricted, a higher initial rating of 40 percent [ ] is not deemed
        warranted under DC 7913. The preponderance of the evidence is against the claim
        and there is no doubt to be resolved.
Ibid.
        There is a plausible basis for the Board's determination that there is no medical evidence that
the appellant's activities are restricted. The August 2004 letter represents the appellant's employer's
decision to disqualify him from his duties as a driver for patients at the VAMC based on his insulin
dependence. Although this letter is signed by a nurse practitioner, on its face, it is not based on an
individualized assessment of the appellant's condition. Rather the Board found that the nurse made
these statements in her capacity as the appellant's supervisor rather than in the capacity of a medical
professional diagnosing the appellant. R. at 6. Hence, the employer's decision is not competent
medical evidence that the appellant's diabetes actually makes him unsafe to drive. See LeShore v.
Brown, 8 Vet.App. 406, 409 (1995) (mere repetition of a medical assertion from another source by
a medical professional does not amount to a competent medical opinion). Instead, the letter in the
record indicates that the appellant was disqualified from driving patients as a policy decision based
solely on the fact that he is insulin dependent. R. at 113. Because the disqualification is not based
on a medical assessment of the appellant's individual circumstances and symptoms of diabetes, it
is not competent medical evidence concerning the severity of the appellant's disability. Accordingly,
this evidence does not meet the requirement of DC 7913 that the appellant's diabetes requires that
he avoid "strenuous occupational and recreational activities."
        The Court notes that the record does contain a progress note from the VAMC dated in
August 2004 that states that the appellant's diabetes is uncontrolled with diabetic cardiovascular
complications and that the physician noted that a question "had been raised" about the "safety" of
the appellant's work as a van driver for the VAMC R. at 117. However, the physician stated: "I
would defer it to [m]edical center administrative guidelines. Although it would be safe if [he] works

                                                  7
within the medical center without the responsibility to act as Van driver." R. at 117. Hence, the
doctor clearly stated that he was not offering an opinion on the appellant's ability to drive, but rather
was "deferring" to the safety policy imposed by the appellant's employer. In addition, the doctor
was not making an assessment that the appellant's condition required that he not drive as a means
to control his diabetes or that driving would aggravate his condition. Accordingly, the medical
evidence is consistent with the Board's finding that there is no medical evidence that the appellant
should not drive due to the severity of his diabetes. Notably, the appellant, who is represented by
counsel, is not arguing that, pursuant to 38 C.F.R. § 4.1 or § 4.10, the VA medical examination
report was inadequate or that there was a violation of the duty to assist under 38 U.S.C. § 5103A,
or even that the Board erred in not returning the report, under 38 C.F.R. § 4.2, as inadequate for
evaluation purposes.
        To the extent that the appellant's employer has barred him from driving without a sound
medical basis for doing so, his remedy, if any, lies elsewhere. Congress has authorized the Secretary
to pay disability compensation for actual disabilities caused by a veteran's service. See 38 U.S.C.
§§ 1110, 1131. Congress has provided remedies under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C.
§§ 701-796l, and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C. §§ 12101-12213, for
discrimination by an employer based on an unfounded perception that a person suffers from a
disability. See Sch. Bd. of Nassau County v. Arline, 480 U.S. 273, 279 (1987) (explaining that a
person who is perceived as disabled is just as entitled to full protection under these acts against
discrimination as a person who actually is disabled). However, neither the Board nor the Court is
authorized to hear actions brought under those statutes.
        As to limitations other than driving, the appellant does not argue that a medical provider has
indicated that his diabetes is of such severity that he should curtail his activities such as to avoid
strenuous activity. The appellant does not refute the Secretary's argument that there is none. On the
contrary, there is evidence that the appellant was being encouraged to be more physically active,
such as the March 2004 VAMC progress notes that advised the appellant to exercise 6-7 days per
week. R. at 120. At that time, the appellant had informed the physician that he exercises
approximately 3 days per week. The physician was, therefore, advising the appellant to increase his
weekly exercise program. Hence, the record contradicts any assertion that the appellant was being
advised to limit his strenuous activity.

                                                   8
        Finally, the appellant's argument that, pursuant to 38 C.F.R. § 4.21, he "is not required to
demonstrate that he meets all criteria for the next higher rating" lacks merit. Reply Br. at 3. He
asserts that he "unquestionably satisfies two of the three criteria for the 40-percent rating." Id. at
3. In light of the conjunctive "and" in the criteria for a 40% disability rating under DC 7913, all
criteria must be met to establish entitlement to a 40% rating. See, e.g., Watson v. Dep’t of the Navy,
262 F.3d 1292, 1299 (Fed. Cir. 2001) (noting that inclusion of conjunctive “and” clearly indicates
that all three criteria in 5 C.F.R. §§ 831.902 and 842.802 must be demonstrated); Heuer v. Brown,
7 Vet.App. 379, 385 (1995) (holding that criteria expressed in the conjunctive are connected by
"and"); Malone v. Gober, 10 Vet.App. 539 (1997) (construing "and" as conjunctive in a statute); cf.
Johnson v. Brown, 7 Vet.App. 95, 97 (1994) (holding that "or" in the rating criteria shows that each
is an independent basis for granting that rating). Given the clearly conjunctive structure of the
language used in specifying the criteria for a 40% disability rating under DC 7913, § 4.21 has no
application here. The cases in which the Court has indicated that § 4.21 applies are those in which
the diagnostic criteria are not clearly joined in the conjunctive. See Johnson v. Brown, 9 Vet.App.
7 (1996) (involving the 20% disability rating under 38 C.F.R. § 4.71a, DC 5295 (1995) – "With
muscle spasm on extreme forward bending, loss of lateral spine motion, unilateral, in standing
position") (1995)); Quarles v. Derwinski, 3 Vet.App. 129 (1992) (involving the same diagnostic
code); Dyess v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 448 (1991) (involving 38 C.F.R. § 4.71a, DC 5276) (1990)).
Moreover, if taking insulin and having a restricted diet were sufficient to support a 40% disability
rating without restriction of activities, then there would be no reason for "insulin and restricted diet"
to be one of the two ways to qualify for a 20% disability rating. 38 C.F.R. § 4.119, DC 7913.
Therefore, the appellant's argument must be rejected because it would render part of DC 7913
meaningless. See Splane v. West, 216 F.3d 1058, 1068-69 (Fed. Cir. 2000) ("Canons of construction
. . . require us to give effect to the clear language of a [regulation] and avoid rendering any portions
meaningless or superfluous.").
        Although our colleague agrees that the criteria established in DC 7913 for a 40% disability
rating for diabetes are conjunctive and, therefore, that a claimant must demonstrate not only that a
claimant's diabetes requires insulin and a restricted diet, but also that the diabetes requires that the
claimant's activities be regulated, our colleague's analysis essentially reads this latter requirement
out of the Secretary's regulation. Based on our colleague's approach, anyone on insulin who works

                                                   9
as a "Van driver" at the hospital where Mr. Camacho works automatically meets the additional
requirement of a restriction of activities regardless of the severity of the diabetes. In addition,
although our colleague agrees that a claimant's activities be regulated such that he avoid strenuous
occupational and recreational activities, he equates, without a basis, an employer's guidelines that
relate solely to occupational activities with restrictions on an employee's personal or recreational
activities.
        To the extent there is any "incorporation" of the employer's guidelines into the VA medical
examiner's report, as suggested by our colleague, those guidelines and the VA medical examiner's
report do not discuss any restrictions on Mr. Camacho's recreational or own personal activities, such
as his ability to drive himself. The VA medical report specifically refers only to Mr. Camacho's
duties as a "Van driver" for the hospital. R. at 117. Pursuant to those guidelines, Mr. Camacho's
employer in the August 2004 letter, disqualified him from his duties as a driver for patients based
on his insulin dependence. The Board did address this employer-imposed restriction and found that
it was done "as a safety precaution for the patients." R. at 8. The employer specifically imposed
the restriction on his occupational activities for the safety of the patients; the employer did not
express any concern for the safety of Mr. Camacho as he was not precluded from driving his own
vehicle on or off hospital property. R. at 113 (August 2004 letter from employer stating: "Due to
his insulin dependent diabetes, he is disqualified from driving patients."). Moreover, relying
exclusively on the August 2004 letter from his employer for his position that he is entitled to a 40%
disability rating, the represented appellant, as noted above, does not argue that the VA medical
examiner's report was inadequate for rating purposes and should have been returned by the Board.
        We do not reach the question whether, for purposes of obtaining a 40% disability rating
under DC 7913, medical evidence that restricts a person from driving as a part of his daily activities
for his own safety due to uncontrolled diabetes is sufficient to meet the criterion of "regulation of
activities" (i.e., claimant is required avoid "strenuous occupational and recreational activities"). The
facts presented here and the findings made by the Board require us only to conclude that a decision
by Mr. Camacho's employer to disqualify him from driving patients at the hospital where he worked
did not constitute a "regulation of activities" of Mr. Camacho within the meaning of DC 7913
because there was no medical evidence that imposed any restrictions on Mr. Camacho's own
personal activities and the restriction was imposed solely based on his having "insulin dependent"

                                                  10
diabetes. Finally, to be clear, the restriction was imposed because he was "insulin dependent," not
because he has uncontrolled diabetes. This distinction is important because something more than
insulin dependence is required under DC 7913 to obtain the 40% disability rating and yet insulin
dependence was the sole basis for the employer-imposed restriction.
       Accordingly, reviewing the record in its entirety, the Board's factual determination that the
appellant was not entitled to a rating in excess of 20% for diabetes mellitus because his activity was
not regulated was not clearly erroneous. See Gilbert, 1 Vet.App. at 53.


                                        III. CONCLUSION
       Upon consideration of the parties' briefs and the record on appeal, the February 2, 2005,
Board decision is AFFIRMED.


       KASOLD, Judge, concurring in part and dissenting in part: I agree with the majority opinion
in so far as it holds that the criteria established in DC 7913 for a 40% disability rating for diabetes
are conjunctive and that one of those criteria requires that a claimant's activities be regulated such
that he avoid strenuous occupational and recreational activities. I disagree, however, with the
majority's conclusions that there is a "plausible basis for the Board's determination that there is no
medical evidence that the appellant's activities are restricted." See ante at 7.
       As noted by the majority, 38 C.F.R. § 4.10 (2006) states that the "basis of disability
evaluations is the ability . . . to function under the ordinary conditions of daily life including
employment" and requires VA medical examiners to furnish a "full description of the effects of
disability upon the person's ordinary activity." Additionally, 38 C.F.R. § 4.1 (2006) requires
"accurate and fully descriptive medical examinations . . . with emphasis upon the limitation of
activity imposed by the disabling condition." In this instance, the VA medical examiner noted that
Mr. Camacho's diabetes was uncontrolled and that his ability to drive safely had been questioned.
The medical examiner opined that it would be safe for Mr. Camacho to continue to work "within the
medical center without the responsibility to act as Van driver" and deferred to the VA medical center
guidelines with regard to whether it would be safe for him to drive. R. at 117.
       Implicit within the VA medical examiner's opinion that Mr. Camacho could continue to work
in a non-driving capacity is that he should not be working in a driving capacity. Further, it certainly

                                                  11
raises the obvious question of whether Mr. Camacho should be driving at all, whether for work or
recreation. This question should have been answered by the VA medical examiner as required by
§ 4.10. At a minimum, the Board should have sought clarification, and its failure to do so frustrates
judicial review, warranting remand.1 See 38 C.F.R. § 4.2 (2006) (when an examination report “does
not contain sufficient detail, it is incumbent upon the rating board to return the report as inadequate
for evaluation purposes”); Bowling v. Principi, 15 Vet.App. 1, 12 (2001) (Board has duty to return
inadequate examination report); Stegall v. West, 11 Vet.App. 268, 270-71 (1998) (remanding where
VA examination was “inadequate for evaluation purposes”); Hicks v. Brown, 8 Vet.App. 417, 421
(1995) (inadequate medical evaluation frustrates judicial review); see also 38 U.S.C. § 7104(d)(1);
Allday v. Brown, 7 Vet.App. 517, 527 (1995) (requiring the Board to provide a statement of reasons
or bases that enables the claimant to understand the precise basis for the decision and to facilitate
review in the Court); Gilbert v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 49, 56-57 (1990).
       Moreover, inasmuch as the medical examiner was required by regulation to fully describe
the effects of Mr. Camacho's diabetes on his ordinary activities and daily life including employment,
his deferral to the VA medical center guidelines with regard to whether it would be safe for Mr.
Camacho to drive can only be viewed as an adoption or incorporation into his opinion of the
restrictions contained in those guidelines. Otherwise stated, any restrictions in the guidelines
became part of the VA medical examiner's report and therefore constituted medical evidence.
Accordingly, the Board also should have addressed the guidelines and whether they impose
restrictions on Mr. Camacho's activities, and further addressed or sought clarification whether a


       1
           Indeed, the majority's observation that the VA medical examiner was silent with regard
to non-duty driving highlights the Board's failure to seek clarification, as well as the inadequacy of
the Board's statement of reasons or bases. Moreover, although the majority correctly note that Mr.
Camacho did not specifically argue that the medical opinion was inadequate, that does not change
the fact that the Board should have sought clarification of the opinion, at a minimum, and that its
failure to do so renders the Board's statement of reasons or bases inadequate and therefore not
facilitative of review, thus warranting remand. See Allday v. Brown, 7 Vet.App. 517, 527 (1995)
(holding that the Board's statement of reasons or bases “must be adequate to enable a claimant to
understand the precise basis for the Board's decision, as well as to facilitate review in this Court”).
Our inability to properly review the Board decision stands as a separate basis for remand and is, by
definition, independent of any arguments presented by the parties. See Simmons v. Principi,
17 Vet.App. 104, 115 (2003) (remanding where the Board's decision is not clear enough to permit
effective judicial review).

                                                  12
restriction on driving at work for safety reasons due to a medical condition necessarily includes a
restriction on driving for recreational reasons, and the Board's failure to do so frustrates review. See
38 U.S.C. § 7104(d)(1); Allday and Gilbert, both supra.
        Similarly, to the extent Mr. Camacho's supervisor relieved him from driving duties in
accordance with the VA medical center guidelines, such action, having been deferred to by the VA
medical examiner, was, in effect, the physician's own recommendation and therefore a medical
restriction on Mr. Camacho's driving (an occupational and daily life activity), thus warranting
discussion thereof by the Board. Fenderson v. West, 12 Vet.App. 119, 127 (1999) (“[T]he Board
must analyze the credibility and probative value of the evidence, account for the evidence that it
finds to be persuasive or unpersuasive, and provide the reasons for its rejection of any material
evidence favorable to the veteran.” (citing Caluza v. Brown, 7 Vet.App. 498, 506 (1995), aff'd per
curiam, 78 F.3d 605 (Fed. Cir.1996))).
        Perhaps most significantly, I also disagree with the majority's observation that it is not faced
with the issue of whether restricting a person from driving because of his insulin dependent diabetes2
is not a medical restriction when done for safety reasons instead of for the limited purpose of
controlling or avoiding an aggravation of his diabetes. See ante at 11. This ignores the predominate,
underlying fact that the restriction on the driver is imposed not only for the safety of passengers, but
also for the safety of the driver. More specifically, we should not overlook the obvious fact that the
restriction in this matter was imposed because of the possibility that Mr. Camacho's diabetes could
contribute to an accident that, logically, might result in injury to persons – including Mr. Camacho.
See R. at 117 (medical opinion that it would be safe for Mr. Camacho perform duties other than van
driver at the VA medical center); R. at 147 (Mr. Camacho's testimony that he is working "indoors"
at the VA medical center). Furthermore, Mr. Camacho had already been diagnosed with insulin
dependent diabetes when he began working in the transportation department of the North Chicago




        2
          The August 3, 2004, letter from Stephanie D'Angelo, the North Chicago VA Medical
Center's Employee Health Clinic Manager, states: "Recently a Motor Vehicle Operator physical was
performed. Due to his insulin dependent diabetes, [Mr. Camacho] is disqualified from driving
patients." R. at 113.

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VA Medical Center in 2001.3 R. at 35-36. That he worked for at least three years with the same
condition for which his driving ultimately was restricted indicates the possibility of a change in his
condition that the Board should have discussed or for which it should have sought clarification, and
which frustrates our proper review. See Allday, supra.
       Nothing in statute, VA regulations, or any interpretation provided by the Secretary supports
the implicit conclusion of the Board that a restriction for safety reasons imposed because a person
has diabetes is somehow not a "regulation of activities" as contemplated by the regulation. Even
counsel for the Secretary does not appear to argue this (as opposed to arguing it was not a restriction
recommended by a medical provider), but to the extent one may interpret the briefing otherwise, the
litigating position of counsel is not the type of agency decision-making that warrants deferral by the
Court. See Martin v. Occupational Safety & Health Review Comm'n, 499 U.S. 144, 156 (1991)
("'Litigating positions' are not entitled to deference when they are merely appellate counsel's 'post
hoc rationalizations' for agency action, advanced for the first time in the reviewing court.").




       3
        A 2001 VA Compensation and Pension Examination report reflects that Mr. Camacho was
diagnosed with insulin dependent diabetes and that he began using insulin after a diabetic pill was
determined to be ineffective in 1996. R. at 35.

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