                               COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


Present: Judges Frank, McClanahan and Senior Judge Willis


JOSEPH B. HERSEY, SR.

v.     Record No. 0010-07-2

NEW KENT DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES                           MEMORANDUM OPINION*
                                                                     PER CURIAM
SHAWNA MARIE WEST                                                   AUGUST 28, 2007

v.     Record No. 0034-07-2

NEW KENT DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES


                     FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF NEW KENT COUNTY
                                 Thomas B. Hoover, Judge

                 (T. Scott Renick; Jean M. McKeen; Tomlin & McKeen, PLLC, on
                 brief), for appellants.

                 (Jeffrey M. Summers, County Attorney; Katherine Kelly Giannasi;
                 Guardian ad litem for the minor child, on brief), for appellee.


       Joseph B. Hersey, Sr. and Shawna Marie West (collectively appellants) appeal a decision of

the trial court finding their son to be abused and neglected as defined in Code § 16.1-228. On

appeal, appellants argue the trial court erred by: (1) qualifying Dr. Michelle Clayton as an expert

witness in the area of forensic pediatrics in child abuse cases; (2) admitting Dr. Clayton’s testimony

where she based her conclusions on hearsay statements and incomplete, incorrect, and speculative

information; and (3) admitting Dr. Clayton’s testimony that the injury occurred when the child was

in the care of appellants. Upon reviewing the record and the briefs of the parties, we conclude that




       *
           Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
these appeals are without merit. Therefore, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court.

Rule 5A:27.

                                                    I.

        Appellants contend the trial court abused its discretion by qualifying Dr. Michelle Clayton

as an expert witness in the area of forensic pediatrics in child abuse cases.

                   “[T]he question of the qualification of a witness to speak as an
                   expert lies largely in the discretion of the trial court, whose
                   judgment will not be reversed unless it clearly appears that the
                   witness was not qualified.” A witness is qualified to speak as an
                   expert where “he possesses sufficient knowledge, skill or
                   experience to make him competent to testify . . . on the subject
                   matter of the inquiry.”

Nichols v. Commonwealth, 6 Va. App. 426, 431-32, 369 S.E.2d 218, 221 (1988) (citations omitted).

        Without question, Dr. Clayton’s education, employment experience, and professional

knowledge and skill regarding child abuse qualified her to render an expert opinion in this case.

Dr. Clayton is a board certified pediatrician and has received training in orthopedic injury. She has

completed subspecialty training as a forensic pediatrician in child abuse. She has knowledge of

biomechanics, diagnosis of physical abuse, distinguishing physical abuse from accidental injuries,

and diagnosis of neglect in all forms. Dr. Clayton has worked in a child abuse program at a hospital

for two and one-half years. She has evaluated hundreds of children as a forensic pediatrician. She

testified there is currently no board certification in Virginia for the field of child abuse pediatrics

and there is no requirement that she have such certification in order to qualify as an expert witness.

“In essence, all that is necessary for a witness to qualify as an expert is that the witness have

sufficient knowledge of the subject to give value to the witness’s opinion.” Velazquez v.

Commonwealth, 263 Va. 95, 103, 557 S.E.2d 213, 218 (2002). Accordingly, we find no abuse of

discretion in the court’s determination that Dr. Clayton was qualified to testify as an expert on the

matter at issue.


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                                                 II.

       Appellants argue the trial court erred by admitting the testimony of Dr. Clayton where her

conclusions were based on hearsay statements and incomplete, incorrect, and speculative

information. However, appellants first made this argument to the trial court during closing

argument at the conclusion of the trial. At no time during the testimony of Dr. Clayton did

appellants argue to the trial court that her testimony should not be admitted because it was based on

hearsay or incorrect, incomplete information. “To be timely, an objection must be made when the

occasion arises -- at the time the evidence is offered or the statement made.” Marlowe v.

Commonwealth, 2 Va. App. 619, 621, 347 S.E.2d 167, 168 (1986). The Court of Appeals will

not consider a claim of trial court error as a ground for reversal “where no timely objection was

made, except to attain the ends of justice.” Marshall v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 627, 636,

496 S.E.2d 120, 125 (1998) (citing Rule 5A:18). Because the objection was not timely, Rule

5A:18 bars our consideration of this issue on appeal.

                       Although Rule 5A:18 allows exceptions for good cause or
               to meet the ends of justice, appellant does not argue that we should
               invoke these exceptions. See e.g., Redman v. Commonwealth, 25
               Va. App. 215, 221, 487 S.E.2d 269, 272 (1997) (“In order to avail
               oneself of the exception, a defendant must affirmatively show that a
               miscarriage of justice has occurred, not that a miscarriage might
               have occurred.” (emphasis added)). We will not consider, sua
               sponte, a “miscarriage of justice” argument under Rule 5A:18.

Edwards v. Commonwealth, 41 Va. App. 752, 761, 589 S.E.2d 444, 448 (2003) (en banc).

                                                 III.

       Appellants argue the trial court erred by allowing Dr. Clayton to testify that the injury

occurred while the child was in the care of appellants. This argument presents an issue of

admissibility, and the pages of the appendix cited by appellants do not show that this argument

was presented to the trial court. See Rules 5A:18 and 5A:20(c). To the extent that the argument

to strike Dr. Clayton’s testimony, which was made to the trial court at the conclusion of all the
                                                -3-
evidence, addresses this issue, as stated above, the objection to the admissibility of Dr. Clayton’s

testimony at that point in the proceedings was untimely. Therefore, the issue is barred from

consideration on appeal by Rule 5A:18. In addition, appellants do not argue we should consider

this issue under the good cause or ends of justice exceptions to Rule 5A:18.

       In the last paragraph of their opening brief, appellants ask this Court to reverse the trial

court’s finding that the evidence established they abused or neglected their child. However,

appellants failed to list this argument as a question presented. We decline to consider “an issue

not expressly stated among the ‘questions presented.’” Hillcrest Manor Nursing Home v.

Underwood, 35 Va. App. 31, 39 n.4, 542 S.E.2d 785, 789 n.4 (2001).

       For these reasons, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court.

                                                                                      Affirmed.




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