                       IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI

                                    NO. 2003-SA-00821-SCT

THE MAYOR AND BOARD OF ALDERMEN OF
THE TOWN OF PRENTISS, MISSISSIPPI ACTING
AS THE ZONING ORDINANCE BOARD OF
ADJUSTMENT

v.

JEFFERSON DAVIS COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI


DATE OF JUDGMENT:                               3/14/2003
TRIAL JUDGE:                                    HON. GRAY EVANS
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:                      JEFFERSON DAVIS COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT:                        CAROLYN BUTTLES MILLS
                                                JERRY L. MILLS
                                                JOHN W. DAVIES
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:                         DORRANCE AULTMAN
                                                WILLIAM HEATH HILLMAN
NATURE OF THE CASE:                             CIVIL - STATE BOARDS AND AGENCIES
DISPOSITION:                                    AFFIRMED - 06/03/2004
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:


       BEFORE SMITH, C.J., GRAVES AND DICKINSON, JJ.

       GRAVES, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:


¶1.    This is an appeal from the judgment of the Circuit Court of Jefferson Davis County reversing the

decision of the Town of Prentiss Mayor and Board of Aldermen to deny a special exception to Jefferson

Davis County for the purpose of construction of a new $800,000 chancery court building.

¶2.    The Board of Supervisors of Jefferson Davis County filed a petition for special exception addressed

to the Mayor and Board of Aldermen. The petition asserted a substantial need for continued public use
as a basis for the special exception. A public hearing was held on the issue, and the Mayor and Board of

Aldermen voted unanimously to deny the special exception.

¶3.     The County appealed the decision to the circuit court, and the court reversed the decision of the

Mayor and Board of Aldermen and granted the special exception. The Town of Prentiss appeals to this

Court and submits the following issues on appeal:

        I.       WHETHER THE RECORD SUPPORTS THE CIRCUIT COURT’S
                 JUDGMENT.

        II.      WHETHER THE CIRCUIT COURT APPLIED THE APPROPRIATE
                 STANDARD OF REVIEW.

        III.     WHETHER THE CIRCUIT COURT ERRONEOUSLY SHIFTED THE
                 BURDEN OF PROOF.

        IV.      WHETHER THE CIRCUIT COURT’S APPROVAL OF THE
                 SPECIAL EXCEPTION WAS PROPER.

                                              FACTS

¶4.     The County owns the lot in question which is located in the corporate limits of the Town of Prentiss.

The lot is currently vacant but on it is gravel parking lot. It abuts an office building in which the Prentiss

Headlight newspaper and AAA Check Services conduct business. On the other side of the lot, there

is another office building where Five Counties Child Development Program, Inc. conducts business.

Across the street from the lot are the County Building, the Jefferson Davis County Courthouse, and three

residences. The area is currently zoned R-1 Single Family Residential pursuant to the Town’s Zoning

Ordinance. ¶5.           According to the zoning ordinance, special exceptions for public use are permitted

after public notice, hearing and approval by the Mayor and Board of Aldermen. The County filed a petition

for a special exception, based on the public use exception in order to construct a new chancery court

building on the lot. A hearing took place, and the Town granted the County ten minutes to introduce


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documentary evidence and offer testimony as to the public need for the chancery court building and the

special exception. There was testimony from the town’s residents and business owners on both sides of

this issue. Upon conclusion of the hearing, the Mayor and Board of Aldermen voted unanimously to deny

the special exception.

                                     STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶6.     Unlike decisions to zone or re-zone, which are legislative in nature, decisions on request for special

exceptions are adjudicative, and a reviewing court subjects such decisions to the same standard as is

applied to administrative agency adjudicative decisions. See Hooks v. George County, 748 So.2d 678,

680 (Miss. 1999); Hearne v. City of Brookhaven, 822 So.2d 999, 1002 (Miss. Ct. App. 2002).

Therefore, this appeal is subject to the following standard of review:

        The decision of an administrative agency is not to be disturbed unless the agency order was
        unsupported by substantial evidence; was arbitrary or capricious; was beyond the agency’s
        scope or powers; or violated the constitutional or statutory rights of the aggrieved party.
        Board of Law Enforcement Officers Standards & Training v. Butler, 672
        So.2d 1196, 1199 (Miss. 1996).


Hooks v. George County, 748 So.2d at 680.

                                               ANALYSIS

        I. Whether the record supports the circuit court’s judgment.

¶7.     The Town argues that the circuit court erred in failing to limit its review of the proceedings to the

record. The circuit court conducted a private viewing of the subject premises and surrounding area, and

the Town claims that because the circuit court considered personal observations, it exceeded the scope

of review. The Town relies on Wilkinson County Bd. of Supervisors v. Quality Farms, Inc., 767

So.2d 1007, 1011 (Miss. 2000), where this Court held that an appeal from a board of supervisors or city


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is an appeal to an appellate court and the circuit court is bound by the record made before the board.

However, the Town’s argument is without merit.

¶8.      A thorough reading of the circuit court’s opinion and order reveals that the record supplied ample

descriptive references to the property in issue. It can be gleaned from the property description in the

record that the lot in question is situated in such a way that one would be unable to avoid seeing it upon

arrival at the current courthouse and county office buildings. The fact that the court conducted a personal

viewing of the property is harmless error that did not result in a judgment any different from the one finally

reached by the court. It is clear that the circuit court addressed numerous issues as considerations in

reaching its judgment besides the visual inspection of the property. Because the overwhelming weight of

the evidence in the record indicates that the circuit court did not solely rely on the visual inspection, this

is an inconsequential side note and harmless error. See Old Canton Hills Homeowners Ass’n v.

Mayor & City Council of the City of Jackson, 749 So.2d 54, 61-62 (Miss. 1999) (holding that the

circuit court’s excessive use of the judicial notice function was harmless error, and it should not in any way

impact the Court’s analysis of whether the city council acted arbitrarily and capriciously in the present

case).

         II. Whether the circuit court applied the appropriate standard of review.

¶9.      The Town argues that the circuit court erroneously concluded that the dispositive issue on the

special exception petition was whether there was public need. The Town further avers that the circuit court

should have required the County to show more evidence for an issuance of a special exception other than

the argument of public need. The Town relies on Section 2.1 of the Town of Prentiss’s zoning ordinance,

which sets out the type of developments that are allowed in a R-1 Single Family Residential District. The

zoning ordinance further outlines other uses that may be allowed by special exception, which do not include

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governmental buildings such as the proposed chancery court building. Because the ordinance does not

set out public need as the criteria by which any of the uses are to be permitted by special exception, the

Town argues that the circuit court erred in allowing the special exception. This argument is also without

merit.

¶10.     The record reveals that the circuit court stated that public use was one of the criteria identified by

the zoning ordinance as subject to special exception, following a public hearing and approval by the Zoning

Adjustment Board, all of which took place here. The circuit court then found that the County had to prove

its case as to the compelling need for the exception by clear and convincing evidence and that the County

has done this. Furthermore, the circuit court found that the decision of the Town was based on factors

other than substantial evidence and that its decision was arbitrary and capricious, which required a

reversal.

¶11.     This Court has established a long-settled standard of review for appeals from municipalities. In

McWaters v. City of Biloxi, 591 So.2d 824, 827 (Miss 1991), this Court stated that “the party

challenging the governing body bears the burden of proof showing that the decision rendered was

‘arbitrary, capricious, discriminatory, or beyond legal authority of the city board, or unsupported by

substantial evidence.’” In the case at bar, the circuit court thoroughly reviewed the evidence presented by

both sides at the hearing and concluded that the testimony offered by the County was clear and convincing

evidence, “even in the face of the Town giving the County only ten minutes to make its case.”

¶12.     The County’s evidence included testimony from witnesses about the pressing need for additional

space and the crowded conditions in the present facilities, as well as the existence of a disastrous fire

hazard. On the other hand, the Town proffered no evidence other than the general concerns of one

resident and the critiques of two more residents that the County should build its courthouse somewhere

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else. Therefore, the circuit court was correct in finding that the decision of the Town was not based on

substantial evidence.

¶13.    The circuit court further held that the decision denying the special exception was arbitrary and

capricious. The court noted the comments and actions of the Town toward the County’s plan, its refusal

to even grant a hearing until compelled to do so by the Attorney General’s office, its refusal to allow the

County any reasonable time to make its case, and its decision to deny the County’s petition without

evidence or explanation proves that the Town’s decision was arbitrary, capricious, and not based upon

substantial evidence. For these reasons, we conclude that the circuit court applied the correct standard

of review and that the actions of the Mayor and Board of Aldermen were in fact arbitrary, capricious and

not based on substantial evidence.

        III. Whether the circuit court erroneously shifted the burden of proof.

¶14.    The Town argues that the burden was on the County to establish the essential elements required

to obtain the special exception, and since the County only addressed the issue of public need, the decision

of the Town should have been affirmed. However, in its opinion and order of the circuit court, clearly

stated that the County had the burden of proof: “The burden is on the County to show the Town by clear

and convincing evidence that a public need existed for the special exception to the current R-1 zoning of

the lot so the County could build the new Chancery Courthouse. Fondren North Renaissance v.

Mayor of City of Jackson, 749 So.2d 977 (Miss. 1999).”

¶15.    The circuit court reviewed the record before it and concluded that the County, notwithstanding the

limited time afforded it, proved its case by clear and convincing evidence, and that a substantial evidentiary

basis did not exist for the Town’s denial of the County’s petition. Therefore, the circuit court did not shift




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the burden of proof, and the County proved by clear and convincing evidence that a public need existed

for the special exception.

        IV. Whether the circuit court’s approval of the special exception was proper.

¶16.    Miss. Code Ann. § 11-51-75 (Rev. 2002) mandates the procedure in reversing the decision of a

municipal authority. If a judgment is reversed, the circuit court shall render such judgment as the board or

municipal authorities ought to have rendered and certify the same to the board of supervisors or municipal

authorities. Id. The circuit court found that the Town’s denial of the special exception was arbitrary and

capricious and not supported by substantial evidence and reversed the board’s decision accordingly. This

is the correct standard of review and the appropriate action in this instance. Thus, the circuit court’s

approval of the special exception was proper.

                                            CONCLUSION

¶17.    For these reasons, the Town’s arguments are wholly without merit. It is clear in the circuit court’s

well-reasoned opinion that the record supports its determination that the Town’s decision was arbitrary and

capricious and unsupported by substantial evidence. We affirm the circuit court’s judgment reversing the

Town’s decision and granting the special exception.

¶18.    AFFIRMED.

     SMITH, C.J., WALLER, P.J., EASLEY, CARLSON, DICKINSON AND
RANDOLPH, JJ., CONCUR. COBB, P.J., CONCURS IN RESULT ONLY. DIAZ, J.,
NOT PARTICIPATING.




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