                                     In The
                                Court of Appeals
                       Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo
                                ________________________

                                     No. 07-11-00217-CR
                                     No. 07-11-00218-CR
                                ________________________

                        JUAN FRANCISCO PACHECO, APPELLANT

                                                V.

                             THE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE



                           On Appeal from the 181st District Court
                                    Potter County, Texas
            Trial Court No. 61,408-B & 62,495-B; Honorable John Board, Presiding


                                         May 14, 2013

                                           OPINION
                    Before QUINN, C.J., and HANCOCK and PIRTLE, JJ.


       In exchange for his pleas of guilty, Appellant, Juan Francisco Pacheco, was

placed on five years deferred adjudication community supervision for possession of a

controlled substance 1 and for assault on a family member. 2 Within hours of being


1
TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE § 481.115(b) (W EST 2010).
2
TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.01(b)(2)(B) (W EST 2011).
granted community supervision, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents

arrived at the Potter County Community Supervisions and Corrections Department to

take him into custody.    ICE subsequently transported him to Dallas for deportation

proceedings. Based on these events, Appellant moved to withdraw his pleas of guilty

by asserting the State breached the plea agreement. After a hearing on that and other

motions, the trial court denied his request. By two issues, he maintains (1) the trial

court abused its discretion in not allowing him to withdraw his pleas of guilty and (2) the

trial court’s citizenship/deportation admonishment was insufficient and rendered his

pleas involuntary. We affirm.


                                   BACKGROUND FACTS


      Appellant was born in Mexico and is not a U.S. citizen. On March 1, 2011, with

the assistance of counsel and pursuant to a negotiated plea bargain, he entered pleas

of guilty to the two offenses referenced above. At the time of his pleas, his immigration

status was that of a “resident alien.” During the admonishments required by article

26.13 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, the following colloquy ensued:

      Court: And do you understand that by entering into these pleas that could
      result in you being denied your alien status?

      Appellant: Right. Yes.

      Court: You understand they could deport you, but that would be up to the
      federal government?

      Appellant: Yes, I understand.

      Court: Okay. And you understand . . . if you were deported, it could result
      in you being denied readmission to the United States?

      Appellant: Yes, I understand that.


                                            2
       Court: Have you visited with anybody or talked to anybody about that,
       what may happen as a result of this plea?

       Appellant: No.

       Court: Okay. And so no one’s made you any promises that you would be
       able to stay?

       Appellant: Yeah.

       Court: Correct?

       Appellant: That’s correct.


The trial court then accepted Appellant’s guilty pleas and followed the recommendations

of the plea bargain. The trial court also agreed to transfer his community supervision to

Colorado.


       Shortly after the hearing, Appellant arrived at the Community Supervisions and

Corrections Department for his scheduled appointment to begin paperwork for his

transfer to Colorado. While there, at the request of ICE, Appellant was detained by the

Potter County Sheriff’s Department.            He was eventually transported to Dallas for a

removal hearing. 3


       The next day, Appellant filed a motion to withdraw his pleas and to challenge the

trial court’s finding that his pleas were voluntary.             Appellant contended he did not

receive the benefit of his plea bargain and that his pleas were involuntary because he

was unaware he would immediately be taken into custody for deportation. On March




3
See 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(A) for types of convictions which can subject an alien to deportation.


                                                    3
29, 2011, the trial court issued a bench warrant 4 to secure Appellant’s presence and a

hearing was held on April 7, 2011.


        At that hearing, several witnesses testified that it was the policy of the Potter

County Community Supervisions and Corrections Department to notify the Immigration

and Naturalization Service (INS) whenever a non-U.S. citizen was placed on community

supervision. Laura Trevizo, the Department employee who reported Appellant’s pleas

to INS, further testified that such reports are done at INS’s request. Greg Dement,

Trevizo’s supervisor, and Terry Easterling, the head of the Department, both confirmed

that it was the policy of the Department to contact INS whenever a defendant born

outside the United States was placed on community supervision.                       Easterling also

testified the Department had been reporting aliens “for the last several years since laws

were changed regarding the reporting.” He was referring to article 2.25 of the Texas

Code of Criminal Procedure entitled “Reporting Certain Aliens to Federal Government”

and section 493.015 of the Texas Government Code entitled “Identification of

Deportable Aliens.” 5


        The trial court read, verbatim, article 2.25 which provides:


        A judge shall report to the United States Immigration and Naturalization
        Service a person who has been convicted in the judge’s court of a crime
        or has been placed on deferred adjudication for a felony and is an illegal
        criminal alien as defined by Section 493.015(a), Government Code.



4
Appellant had remained in the custody of ICE in Dallas pending disposition of his legal issues in Potter
County.
5
The statutes were added in 1995. See Act of May 3, 1995, 74th Leg., R.S., ch. 85, §§ 1, 2, 1995 TEX.
GEN. LAWS 856.


                                                   4
TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 2.25 (West 2005). 6 The trial court then questioned

Easterling regarding a judge’s mandatory duty to report “certain aliens” under the

statute and he commented that that duty had been delegated to the Department. The

trial court asked, and Easterling confirmed, that the Department acts as the court’s

agent with regards to that reporting requirement.


        Appellant, assisted by an interpreter at this hearing, 7 testified for the limited

purpose of exploring his plea offers and acceptance. Although he testified that he

understood his pleas could result in deportation as admonished by the trial court, he

perceived he would be allowed time to enjoy supervised release and return to Colorado

to work and be with his family. He acknowledged that no promises were made to him

that he would not be deported, and the trial court had cautioned him that the federal

government would decide the deportation issue. He also testified he understood the

trial court’s admonishments and voluntarily signed the plea papers.


        Nevertheless, Appellant urged the trial court to permit him to withdraw his pleas

because he denied being guilty of the charged offenses. His girlfriend, the victim of the

assault charge, testified that she had executed an affidavit of non-prosecution on that

charge and that Appellant was not guilty of strangling her.



6
 Section 493.015(a) provides that an “illegal criminal alien” is one who has been convicted of a felony and
is in the State’s custody and who (1) has entered the United States without inspection or at any time or
any place other than as designated by the United States Attorney General; (2) was admitted as a
nonimmigrant and, before the date of the commission of the crime, had failed to maintain the
nonimmigrant status under which the alien was admitted or to which it was changed under Section 248,
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. Section 1258), or to comply with the conditions of the alien’s
status; or (3) is a Marielito Cuban as defined in Section 501, Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
(8 U.S.C. Section 1365). TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 493.015(a) (W EST 2012).
7
 Although Appellant did not have an interpreter at his plea hearing, the record indicates he had an
understanding of the English language.

                                                    5
          After the testimony and final arguments concluded, the trial court, sympathetic to

Appellant’s predicament, ruled that his pleas were made knowingly, intelligently and

voluntarily and denied the motion to set aside the pleas. Permission was granted by the

trial court to appeal the ruling. See TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2)(B).


                                           ANALYSIS


          By his first issue, Appellant contends the trial court abused its discretion in not

allowing him to withdraw his pleas, and by his second issue, he maintains the trial

court’s citizenship/deportation admonishment was insufficient and rendered his pleas

involuntary. We disagree. Analysis of these issues is intertwined; thus, we will review

them simultaneously.


          A defendant may withdraw his plea as a matter of right without reason until

judgment is pronounced or the case is taken under advisement by the trial court. See

Jackson v. State, 590 S.W.2d 514, 515 (Tex.Crim.App. 1979). However, after judgment

is pronounced, a trial court’s denial of a motion to withdraw a plea is reviewed for abuse

of discretion. Id. A trial court abuses its discretion when it refuses to allow a defendant

to withdraw his plea if that ruling lies outside the zone of reasonable disagreement.

Jagaroo v. State, 180 S.W.3d 793, 802 (Tex.App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, pet.

ref’d).


          Article 26.13(a) of the Code of Criminal Procedure requires that before accepting

a guilty plea, the trial court must give certain admonishments to a defendant, including

that a plea of guilty may result in deportation if the defendant is not a citizen of the

United States.      TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 26.13(a)(4) (W EST SUPP. 2012).

                                               6
Substantial compliance by the court is sufficient unless the defendant affirmatively

shows he was not aware of the consequences of his plea. Id. at (c).


       Proper admonishments by a trial court establish prima facie proof that a guilty

plea was entered knowingly and voluntarily. Martinez v. State, 981 S.W.2d 195, 197

(Tex.Crim.App. 1998). The burden then shifts to the defendant to show he pleaded

guilty without understanding the consequences of his plea and consequently, suffered

harm. Id. The defendant then bears a “heavy burden” to prove in a subsequent hearing

that his plea was involuntary.      Cantu v. State, 988 S.W.2d 481, 484 (Tex.App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, pet. ref’d).


       When Appellant filed his motion to withdraw his pleas on March 2, 2011, the trial

court had already pronounced sentence, placing Appellant on deferred adjudication

community supervision. Thus, the decision whether to permit Appellant to withdraw his

pleas was a matter within the sound discretion of the trial court.


       The record affirmatively demonstrates through Appellant’s testimony that he

understood the consequences of his guilty pleas and acknowledged that the trial court

admonished him on the possibility of deportation by federal authorities. During cross-

examination, he testified he voluntarily signed the plea papers. His pleas of guilty were

confessions in open court as to the facts alleged in each case. His contention at a

subsequent hearing that he was not actually guilty of the offenses but only admitted guilt

for the benefit of the plea bargain is irrelevant. See Brady v. United States, 397 U.S.

742, 757, 90 S.Ct. 1463, 25 L.Ed.2d 747 (1970) (noting the Constitution does not permit

a defendant to disown his solemn admissions in open court that he committed the act


                                             7
with which he is charged simply because it later develops that the State would have had

a weaker case).


      A plea agreement between the State and an accused is generally a contractual

arrangement. Ortiz v. State, 933 S.W.2d 102, 104 (Tex.Crim.App. 1996). It is well

established that a defendant has the right to have the State honor the terms of a plea

agreement once the trial court has accepted the defendant’s plea in open court.

Bitterman v. State, 180 S.W.3d 139, 141 (Tex.Crim.App. 2005). Plea bargains play an

extremely important role in the criminal judicial process and numerous federal and

Texas cases emphasize the importance of implementing safeguards to protect the due

process rights of defendants who waive numerous constitutional rights during that

process. Id. The State must keep up its part of the agreement or a guilty plea will be

rendered involuntary. Id.


      Appellant argues that he should have been allowed to withdraw his guilty pleas

because the State breached the plea agreement and he was unable to realize the

benefits of the deal. We disagree. The record demonstrates that Appellant and the

State entered into an agreement, approved by the trial court, to grant him deferred

adjudication for five years and to allow his community supervision to be transferred to

Colorado in exchange for his pleas of guilty. Even though the Community Supervisions

and Corrections Department initiated the contact which eventually led to Appellant’s

arrest and removal proceedings, no promises were ever made to him by the State that

his plea would not be reported to appropriate authorities or that he would not be

deported. At the hearing, the State also established that if removal proceedings were

resolved in Appellant’s favor and he was not deported, he would continue on community

                                          8
supervision and be expected to comply with the terms and conditions thereof. The

record does not establish that the State failed to perform its responsibilities under the

agreement.


       We do not overlook Appellant’s reliance on Padilla v. Kentucky, 2010 U.S. LEXIS

2928, 130 S.Ct. 1473, 176 L.Ed. 2d 284 (2010). However, Padilla deals with the issue

of ineffective assistance of counsel as it relates to erroneously advising a client

regarding deportation. Padilla holds that counsel must inform his client whether his plea

carries a risk of deportation. 130 S.Ct. at 1483. The circumstances in Padilla are not

present in the case before us. To the contrary, the record reflects that Appellant’s

counsel did advise him that his pleas carried the risk of deportation.


       Based on the record before us, we hold that Appellant’s pleas were voluntarily

entered and that he was properly admonished at his plea hearing in accordance with

article 26.13(a) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, including the possibility of

deportation. Thus, we find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s denial of Appellant’s

motion to set aside his pleas. Issues one and two are overruled.


                                       CONCLUSION


       Accordingly, the trial court’s judgments are affirmed.



                                                 Patrick A. Pirtle
                                                     Justice


Publish.




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