Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before                   Sep 30 2013, 5:47 am
any court except for the purpose of
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS:                           ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

T. MICHAEL CARTER                                  CHRISTA L. WEST
Scottsburg, Indiana                                Department of Child Services
                                                   Scottsburg, Indiana

                                                   ROBERT J. HENKE
                                                   DCS Central Administration
                                                   Indianapolis, Indiana


                                IN THE
                      COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
IN THE MATTER OF THE TERMINATION OF                )
THE PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP OF                   )
K.C., R.C., and B.C., Minor Children, and          )
                                                   )
R.C., Father,                                      )
                                                   )
       Appellant-Respondent,                       )
                                                   )
                vs.                                )        No. 72A01-1301-JT-35
                                                   )
INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF CHILD                        )
SERVICES,                                          )
                                                   )
       Appellee-Petitioner.                        )

                       APPEAL FROM THE SCOTT CIRCUIT COURT
                             The Honorable Roger L. Duvall, Judge
                Cause Nos. 72C01-1202-JT-1, 72C01-1202-JT-2, 72C01-1202-JT-3

                                       September 30, 2013

                 MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

MAY, Judge
           Ro.C. (Father) appeals the involuntary termination of his parental rights to K.C., R.C.,

and B.C. (collectively, “the children”). We affirm.

                              FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

           Father and S.C. (Mother)1 were the parents of three children: K.C., born May 5, 1998;

R.C., born January 14, 2002; and B.C., born August 22, 2008. On November 4, 2010, the

juvenile court adjudicated the children as Children in Need of Services (CHINS) based on an

investigation that commenced September 17, 2010, approximately two weeks after Father

began a three year prison term. During that investigation, DCS discovered the children had

medical and educational issues and Mother was unable to care for them due to her drug use.

Father did not object to the CHINS adjudication.

           As part of its CHINS disposition, the juvenile court ordered Father to participate in

parenting classes, substance abuse classes, and vocational rehabilitation if those programs

were available in the facility where Father was incarcerated. During his incarceration, Father

completed his GED and the Literacy Life Skills Program. Father began substance abuse

treatment, but was unable to complete the program after he was transferred to a different

correctional facility due to medical issues.

           Father was released from incarceration on August 19, 2012. On September 10, 2012,

Father participated in a Child and Family Team meeting and agreed to submit to random drug

screens. His drug screen that day was positive for methamphetamine. Thereafter, Father

attended four supervised visitation sessions with his children on September 17, September


1
    Mother voluntarily relinquished her rights to the children and does not participate in this appeal.
                                                         2
24, October 1, and October 11. After two of those visits, Father tested positive for drugs. On

October 4, after a hearing on the CHINS matter, Father again tested positive for

methamphetamine.

       On October 18, the juvenile court held an evidentiary hearing on the involuntary

termination of Father’s parental rights to children. Father admitted he had relapsed into drug

use after his release from prison and the children’s therapist testified Father told her dealing

drugs “provided for his family” and he “did not feel [it] actually harmed the children.” (Tr.

at 68.) On December 13, 2012, the juvenile court terminated Father’s parental rights.

                             DISCUSSION AND DECISION

       We review termination of parental rights with great deference. In re K.S., D.S., and

B.G., 750 N.E.2d 832, 836 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001). We will not reweigh evidence or judge

witnesses credibility. In re D.D., 804 N.E.2d 258, 265 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans. denied.

Instead, we consider only the evidence and reasonable inferences most favorable to the

judgment. Id. In deference to the juvenile court’s unique position to assess the evidence, we

will set aside a judgment terminating a parent’s rights only if it is clearly erroneous. In re

L.S., 717 N.E.2d 204, 208 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999), reh’g denied, trans. denied, cert. denied 534

U.S. 1161 (2002).

       When, as here, a judgment contains specific findings of fact and conclusions thereon,

we apply a two-tiered standard of review. Bester v. Lake Cnty. Office of Family & Children,

839 N.E.2d 143, 147 (Ind. 2005). We determine first whether the evidence supports the

findings and second whether the findings support the judgment. Id. “Findings are clearly

                                               3
erroneous only when the record contains no facts to support them either directly or by

inference.” Quillen v. Quillen, 671 N.E.2d 98, 102 (Ind. 1996). If the evidence and

inferences support the juvenile court’s decision, we must affirm. In re L.S., 717 N.E.2d at

208.

       “The traditional right of parents to establish a home and raise their children is

protected by the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution.” In re M.B., 666

N.E.2d 73, 76 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996), trans. denied. A juvenile court must subordinate the

interests of the parents to those of the child, however, when evaluating the circumstances

surrounding a termination. In re K.S., 750 N.E.2d at 837. The right to raise one’s own child

should not be terminated solely because there is a better home available for the child, id., but

parental rights may be terminated when a parent is unable or unwilling to meet his or her

parental responsibilities. Id. at 836.

       To terminate a parent-child relationship in Indiana, the State must allege and prove:

       (A)    that one (1) of the following is true:
              (i)    The child has been removed from the parent for at least six (6)
                     months under a dispositional decree.
              (ii)   A court has entered a finding under IC 31-34-21-5.6 that
                     reasonable efforts for family preservation or reunification are
                     not required, including a description of the court’s finding, the
                     date of the finding, and the manner in which the finding was
                     made.
              (iii) The child has been removed from the parent and has been under
                     the supervision of a county office of family and children or
                     probation department for at least fifteen (15) months of the most
                     recent twenty-two (22) months, beginning with the date the child
                     is removed from the home as a result of the child being alleged
                     to be a child in need of services or a delinquent child;
       (B)    that one (1) of the following is true:
              (i)    There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that
                                              4
                         resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for placement
                         outside the home of the parents will not be remedied.
                 (ii)    There is a reasonable probability that the continuation of the
                         parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-being of
                         the child.
                 (iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been adjudicated a
                         child in need of services;
        (C)      that termination is in the best interests of the child; and
        (D)      that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the child.

Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2). The State must provide clear and convincing proof of these

allegations. In re G.Y., 904 N.E.2d 1257, 1260-61 (Ind. 2009), reh’g denied. If the court

finds the allegations in the petition are true, it must terminate the parent-child relationship.

Ind. Code § 31-35-2-8.

        Because our legislature wrote subsection (B) in the disjunctive, a trial court needs to

find only one of the three requirements established by clear and convincing evidence before

terminating parental rights. See L.S., 717 N.E.2d at 209. Here, the court found a reasonable

probability the conditions resulting in the children’s removal and continued placement

outside of Father’s care will not be remedied.2

        In making such a determination, a trial court must judge a parent’s fitness to care for

his or her child at the time of the termination hearing, taking into consideration evidence of

changed conditions. In re J.T., 742 N.E.2d 509, 512 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001), trans. denied. It

must evaluate the parent’s habitual patterns of conduct to determine whether there is a


2
 Father also challenges the trial court’s finding the continuation of the parent-child relationship posed a threat
to the well-being of the children pursuant to Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B)(ii). As we hold DCS presented
sufficient evidence there was a reasonable possibility the conditions under which the children were removed
would not be remedied, we need not address that argument. See In re L.S., 717 N.E.2d at 209 (stating Ind.
Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B) is written in the disjunctive).

                                                        5
substantial probability of future neglect or deprivation. Id. Pursuant to this rule, courts have

properly considered evidence of a parent’s prior criminal history, drug and alcohol abuse,

history of neglect, failure to provide support, and lack of adequate housing and employment.

A.F. v. Marion Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 762 N.E.2d 1244, 1251 (Ind. Ct. App.

2002), trans. denied. The trial court may also properly consider, as evidence of whether

conditions will be remedied, the services offered to the parent by DCS, and the parent’s

response to those services. Id. A trial court need not wait until a child is irreversibly

influenced by a deficient lifestyle such that his or her physical, mental, and social growth are

permanently impaired before terminating the parent-child relationship. In re E.S., 762

N.E.2d 1287, 1290 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002).

       Regarding whether the conditions which resulted in the children’s removal would not

be remedied, the juvenile court found:

       13. The current involvement by DCS [with] the children and the Mother and
       the Father began in the fall of 2010. At the time of the initial removal of the
       children from the care of the Mother, the Father was incarcerated for charges
       in Scott County for a Class B Felony charge of Dealing in a Controlled
       Substance, having been sentenced for a 6 year term of imprisonment. While it
       may be argued that the conditions that led to the removal of the children are
       attributable to the Mother, the conclusion and finding of the Court is that the
       Father’s involvement in criminal drug activity is a part of the totality of
       circumstances concerning the parents’ lack of care of their children.
       Additionally, the Father was released on bond and with the family until the
       date of sentencing, just two weeks before the removal of the children from
       Mother’s care.
       14. The Father remained incarcerated until August 18, 2012. There was no
       visitation arranged by DCS between Father and the children although Father
       requested that visitation. No services were formally offered although Father
       was encouraged to seek services while incarcerated. To that goal, while
       incarcerated the Father completed his GED, a Literacy Life Skills Program and
       began a substance abuse treatment program but was unable to complete that
                                             6
      program after being transferred to a different Department of Correction facility
      as a result of medical issues. There is no evidence before the Court that the
      Father undertook any steps to communicate to his children through letters.
                                            *****
      18. While the lack of a record to arrange services for the Father during his
      incarceration may be troublesome, the Court finds more troublesome the
      actions of the Father following his release from incarceration and his attitudes
      concerning the reasons for his incarceration.
      19. The Father was incarcerated for 2 ½ years when presumably he would
      have been in a drug[-]free environment. Upon his release a family team
      meeting was arranged on September 10, 2012. The Father was 45 minutes late
      for that meeting. A visit with the children was arranged on September 17 and
      he was 14 ½ minutes late for that visit. A second visit was arranged on
      September 24, 2012 and the Father was 10 minutes late for that visit after
      assuring the National Youth Advocate Program supervisor that he would be 20
      minutes early.
      20. The Father submitted to drug tests upon his release from incarceration.
      The test of September 10, 2012 indicated a methamphetamine level of 4584.1
      ng/ml, and the test of September 24, 2012 indicated a methamphetamine level
      of 1144.5 ng/ml. These levels were testified to by the DCS witness, Bridget
      Lemberg as lethal for a “novice” user of the drug. The Father also tested
      positive for methamphetamine on September 17, 2012 and October 4, 2012 of
      60.6 ng/ml. During these tests the Father also tested positive for amphetamine
      on 3 occasions and oxycodone on one occasion. The Father tested clean on
      October 1, 2012 and October 11, 2012.
      21. As testified to by the children’s therapist, Andrea Puckett, the Father
      conceded to her that the selling of drugs was justified as a means to provide for
      his family and did not feel that it was wrong. He further indicated to the
      therapist that he did not think selling the drugs affected his children.
      22. For the Father to immediately re-engage in an illegal drug culture by
      abusing a destructive and dangerous drug such as methamphetamine after
      having been separated from his children for 2 ½ years and after experiencing
      the punitive effects of his past illegal activity by the State of Indiana with the 2
      ½ years of incarceration; then the Court can only conclude that the conditions
      that led to the initial and prolonged separation of the Father from his children,
      namely illegal drug activity will not be remedied. Further given the significant
      recent drug use coupled with Father’s past history, continuation of the parent
      child relationship poses a threat to the well being of the children.

(App. at 52-53.) Father argues DCS did not present sufficient evidence to support the


                                               7
juvenile court’s findings that there was a reasonable possibility that the conditions that

resulted in the children’s removal from her care would not be remedied, because DCS

provided inadequate services to him prior to the involuntary termination of his parental

rights. We are unable, however, to address the adequacy of the services offered to him prior

to the involuntary termination of his parental rights because that issue is unavailable during

an appeal following termination of parental rights. See In re H.L., 915 N.E.2d 145, 148 n.3

(Ind. Ct. App. 2009) (“failure to provide services does not serve as a basis on which to

directly attack a termination order as contrary to law”).

       Father’s additional arguments are invitations for us to reweigh the evidence, which we

may not do. See In re D.D., 804 N.E.2d at 265 (appellate court does not reweigh evidence or

judge credibility of witnesses). The evidence in the record supports the trial court’s findings

and judgment and, accordingly, we affirm.

       Affirmed.

BAILEY, J., and BRADFORD, J., concur.




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