                                             COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


              Present: Judges Kelsey, Beales and Senior Judge Clements
UNPUBLISHED



              DANA O. ORUM, A/K/A
               DANA PILLOIS
                                                                                    MEMORANDUM OPINION *
              v.     Record No. 2350-12-2                                               PER CURIAM
                                                                                         JUNE 4, 2013
              BUCKINGHAM COUNTY DEPARTMENT
               OF SOCIAL SERVICES


                                 FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF BUCKINGHAM COUNTY
                                              Kimberley S. White, Judge

                               (Yvonne Z. Schewel, on brief), for appellant.

                               (E. M. Wright, Jr.; Roger S. Stough, Guardian ad litem for the
                               minor children, on brief), for appellee.


                     On November 29, 2012, the trial court entered orders terminating the residual parental

              rights of Dana O. Orum (appellant) to her children, H.P., T.P., and S.P., pursuant to Code

              § 16.1-283(B), 16.1-283(C)(1), and 16.1-283(C)(2). On appeal, appellant argues the trial court

              erred in refusing to grant motions to continue the termination hearing and, subsequent to the

              termination hearing, to reopen the evidence and consider her testimony. Appellant also

              challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support the terminations. Upon reviewing the

              record and briefs of the parties, we conclude this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we

              summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. See Rule 5A:27.

                                                              Facts

                     On appeal, we view the evidence in the “‘light most favorable’ to the prevailing party in

              the circuit court and grant to that party the benefit of ‘all reasonable inferences fairly deducible


                     *
                         Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
therefrom.’” Toms v. Hanover Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 257, 262, 616 S.E.2d 765, 767

(2005) (quoting Logan v. Fairfax County Dep’t of Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409

S.E.2d 460, 463 (1991)). When reviewing a decision to terminate parental rights, we presume

the circuit court “‘thoroughly weighed all the evidence, considered the statutory requirements,

and made its determination based on the child’s best interests.’” Id. at 265-66, 616 S.E.2d at 769

(quoting Fields v. Dinwiddie County Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 1, 7, 614 S.E.2d 656, 659

(2005)). “The trial court’s judgment, ‘when based on evidence heard ore tenus, will not be

disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.’” Id. at 266, 616

S.E.2d at 769 (quoting Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d at 463 (citation omitted)). “In its

capacity as factfinder, therefore, the circuit court retains ‘broad discretion in making the

decisions necessary to guard and to foster a child’s best interests.’” Id. (quoting Farley v. Farley,

9 Va. App. 326, 328, 387 S.E.2d 794, 795 (1990)).

       Appellant is the mother of H.P., born on December 13, 2001, S.P., born on November 11,

2003; and T.P., born on May 8, 2007. The residual parental rights of H.P.’s father, Michael

Houchens, and S.P. and T.P.’s father, Anthony Pillois, have been terminated voluntarily.

       Beginning in 2010, appellant and her husband, Pillois, were involved in a contentious

custody dispute following their separation. 1 As a result of the situation in the home,

Buckingham County Department of Social Services (DSS) opened a foster care prevention case

for the family, upon court order. Both appellant and Pillois were told to participate in

psychological evaluations and to cooperate with ongoing DSS services, such as monthly home

visits. As a result of appellant’s psychological evaluation, completed in May 2011, the service

plan was modified to include ongoing counseling for appellant and the children. In addition,

appellant was to take steps to avoid the children being exposed to conflict with Pillois.

       1
         Appellant and Pillois divorced during the course of the proceedings that resulted in the
termination of appellant’s parental rights.
                                              -2-
       At about 6:00 a.m. on June 7, 2011, four-year-old T.P. was found naked and alone on a

public road about a mile from his home. When police officers went to the home, they found it

empty. Appellant returned a few hours later. She claimed she had gone to the store and had

arranged for a neighbor to look after T.P. That same day, DSS removed all three children from

appellant’s custody and they were placed together in foster care.

       On August 4, 2011, appellant was involved in an incident resulting in a charge of

possessing narcotics. She was arrested in November 2011 for possessing methadone.

       Appellant was inconsistent in cooperating and participating in the services required by

the foster service plan. Her visitation with the children was revoked in August 2011 because she

exhibited erratic behavior at a court hearing. For her visitation to be reinstated, appellant was

required to participate in random drug screenings and complete a psychiatric evaluation. Due to

missed and rescheduled appointments, as well as her relocation to different residences, appellant

did not complete the psychiatric evaluation until March 2012. At some point, appellant

transferred her Buckingham County home and property to her boyfriend as a gift.

       During her interactions with DSS social workers, appellant exhibited a wide range of

moods and behaviors, sometimes lashing out at social workers during meetings. Appellant failed

to appear consistently at appointments for her to receive drug screenings. Nonetheless, based

upon results from drug screenings that were completed, DSS social workers became concerned

that appellant was abusing medications for which she had no prescription. After completion of

her psychiatric evaluation in March 2012, appellant did not consistently attend counseling

sessions, as required by the foster care service plan. Nor did appellant complete parenting

classes, as the service plan required.

       On October 10, 2012, appellant received a twenty-four-month deferral pursuant to Code

§ 18.2-251 upon the charge of possessing a controlled substance.

                                                -3-
       At the time of the November 26, 2012 termination hearing, appellant had not seen the

children in fifteen months. H.P., S.P., and T.P. were thriving in the foster home they shared. All

three were happy and well-adjusted, and were performing well in school. When H.P. first was

placed in foster care she appeared mature beyond her age and believed taking care of her

younger siblings was her responsibility. Since that time, H.P. had become more relaxed and

willing to let the foster mother and father parent the children. S.P. was an outgoing child who

enjoyed numerous extracurricular activities. T.P., who initially was fearful of being left alone or

being apart from the foster mother, had become more confident. The foster parents desired to

adopt all three children.

       Appellant was not present in court when the termination hearing began as scheduled on

November 26, 2012. Her attorney stated that, at another court appearance, she advised appellant

of the date and time of the termination hearing. There had been no further contact between

appellant and the attorney. The attorney asked for a continuance of the termination proceedings.

DSS’s attorney, who had subpoenaed several witnesses for the hearing and was prepared to go

forward that day, objected to a continuance. Finding that appellant had been made aware of the

date and time of the termination hearing, the trial court denied the motion for a continuance. The

termination hearing proceeded in appellant’s absence.

       Several days after the trial court rendered its termination decision, appellant filed a

motion for reconsideration and to allow additional testimony. Appellant stated that in September

or October her attorney had notified her verbally of the date of the termination hearing.

Appellant said that thereafter she lost contact with her attorney because appellant had entered the

attorney’s contact information incorrectly in her newly obtained cellular telephone. Appellant

asked that she be permitted to present her testimony to the trial court.




                                                -4-
       At a hearing upon appellant’s motion, appellant said she knew the termination hearing

was scheduled for November, but she did not know the precise date. She had sent a text message

to and tried to call her attorney, but she used an incorrect telephone number. Appellant’s

thirteen-year-old daughter, M.M., who lived with her paternal grandmother, then testified. M.M.

stated that on the Saturday before the scheduled termination hearing on Monday, November 26,

2012, appellant sent M.M. a text message stating that she had court on Monday. The trial court

credited M.M.’s testimony regarding appellant’s knowledge of the date of the termination

hearing, and denied appellant’s motion to reopen the evidence.

                                      Denial of a Continuance

       “Whether to grant or deny a continuance . . . is a matter that lies within the sound

discretion of a trial court, and its ruling will not be reversed on appeal unless it is plainly wrong.”

Cardwell v. Commonwealth, 248 Va. 501, 508, 450 S.E.2d 146, 151 (1994). “‘Abuse of

discretion and prejudice to the complaining party are essential to reversal [on appeal from a

denial of a continuance].’” Lowery v. Commonwealth, 9 Va. App. 304, 307, 387 S.E.2d 508,

509 (1990) (quoting Venable v. Venable, 2 Va. App. 178, 181, 342 S.E.2d 646, 648 (1986)).

       At the time the trial court ruled upon the motion for a continuance, it was not disputed

that appellant’s attorney had made her aware of the date and time of the termination hearing. No

explanation was offered for her absence at the hearing. DSS was prepared to proceed with the

hearing and had witnesses present to testify. Considering these facts and circumstances, the trial

court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to grant a continuance of the termination hearing.

                                    Refusal to Reopen Evidence

       “Whether to reopen a case lies within the sound discretion of the trial judge.” Minor v.

Commonwealth, 16 Va. App. 803, 805, 433 S.E.2d 39, 40 (1993).

               “When all the testimony in the trial of a case has been concluded
               and the witnesses for the respective parties have been excused
                                                 -5-
               from their attendance upon court, whether the court will allow the
               introduction of other testimony is a question addressed to the
               sound discretion of the trial judge, ‘. . . and unless it affirmatively
               appears that this discretion has been abused this court will not
               disturb the trial court’s ruling thereon.’”

Id. (quoting Mundy v. Commonwealth, 161 Va. 1049, 1064, 171 S.E. 691, 696 (1933)).

       Although appellant testified at the hearing on her motion that she did not know the date

and time of the termination hearing, she acknowledged that she knew the hearing was in

November. The termination hearing occurred within the final days of the month. It was

incumbent upon appellant, who previously was advised by her attorney of the date and time of

the hearing, to contact her attorney or the trial court if she was uncertain of when the hearing was

to occur. Moreover, the trial court credited M.M.’s testimony, which tended to prove that

appellant knew of the scheduled hearing on November 26, 2012. For whatever reason, appellant

simply elected not to appear. In light of these facts and circumstances, we cannot say the trial

court abused its discretion in refusing to reopen the evidence and allow appellant to present her

testimony.

                                    Sufficiency of the Evidence

       A termination of parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)(2) requires clear and

convincing evidence that termination is in the best interests of the child and that

               the parent . . . without good cause, ha[s] been unwilling or unable
               within a reasonable period of time not to exceed twelve months
               from the date the child was placed in foster care to remedy
               substantially the conditions which led to or required continuation
               of the child’s foster care placement, notwithstanding the
               reasonable and appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health
               or other rehabilitative agencies to such end.

In addition,

               Proof that the parent . . . , without good cause, ha[s] failed or been
               unable to make substantial progress towards elimination of the
               conditions which led to or required continuation of the child’s
               foster care placement in accordance with their obligations under

                                                 -6-
                and within the time limits or goals set forth in a foster care plan . . .
                shall constitute prima facie evidence of this condition.

Id.

        The three children were removed after the youngest was found naked and alone

wandering on a public road in the early morning. Appellant was not at home at the time. At the

time of the termination hearing, appellant’s three children had been in foster care for more than

seventeen months, and she had been denied visitation with them since August 2011. Visitation

would have resumed if appellant had consistently complied with drug screening, but she did not

do so. In fact, there were indications that appellant was abusing drugs for which she had no

prescription. While the children were in foster care appellant was charged with a drug offense.

Since the removal of the children, appellant had not completed the parenting training required of

her, nor had she consistently participated in counseling. She had given away the family home.

        In determining what is in the best interests of a child, this Court has stated:

                a court must evaluate and consider many factors, including the age
                and physical and mental condition of the child or children; the age
                and physical and mental condition of the parents; the relationship
                existing between each parent and each child; the needs of the child
                or children; the role which each parent has played, and will play in
                the future, in the upbringing and care of the child or children; and
                such other factors as are necessary in determining the best interests
                of the child or children.

Barkey v. Commonwealth, 2 Va. App. 662, 668, 347 S.E.2d 188, 191 (1986).

        The evidence proved that the three children, who lived together in a foster home, were

thriving since removal from appellant’s custody. In addition, the foster parents desired to adopt

them. Clear and convincing proof thus demonstrated the conditions required for termination

under Code § 16.1-283(C)(2) and that termination of appellant’s parental rights was in the best

interests of the children.




                                                  -7-
       We recognize that “‘[t]he termination of [residual] parental rights is a grave, drastic and

irreversible action.’” Helen W. v. Fairfax County Dep’t of Human Dev., 12 Va. App. 877, 883,

407 S.E.2d 25, 28-29 (1991) (quoting Lowe v. Dep’t of Public Welfare of Richmond, 231 Va.

277, 280, 343 S.E.2d 70, 72 (1986)). However, “[i]t is clearly not in the best interests of a child

to spend a lengthy period of time waiting to find out when, or even if, a parent will be capable of

resuming his responsibilities.” Kaywood v. Halifax County Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 10 Va. App.

535, 540, 394 S.E.2d 492, 495 (1990). In this regard, appellant’s “‘past actions . . . over a

meaningful period serve as good indicators of what the future may be expected to hold.’”

Winfield v. Urquhart, 25 Va. App. 688, 695-96, 492 S.E.2d 464, 467 (1997) (quoting Linkous v.

Kingery, 10 Va. App. 45, 46, 390 S.E.2d 188, 194 (1990)).

       In light of our conclusion that the terminations under Code § 16.1-283(C)(2) should not

be disturbed on appeal, we need not consider appellant’s alternative arguments that the evidence

was insufficient to support terminations under Code § 16.1-283(B) or 16.1-283(C)(1). See

Fields, 46 Va. App. at 8, 614 S.E.2d at 659.

       We summarily affirm the decision of the trial court.

                                                                                          Affirmed.




                                                -8-
