        SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
           Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department

338
CA 12-01225
PRESENT: SCUDDER, P.J., FAHEY, SCONIERS, VALENTINO, AND MARTOCHE, JJ.


KG2, LLC, DOING BUSINESS AS AURORA SALES &
SERVICE, PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT,

                    V                             MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

BRUCE WELLER, DOING BUSINESS AS AURORA
TRUCK SUPPLY COMPANY, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT,
ET AL., DEFENDANT.


EUGENE VINCENT BURKE, WILLIAMSVILLE, MAGAVERN MAGAVERN GRIMM LLP,
BUFFALO (SHARON STERN GERSTMAN OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

LEWANDOWSKI & ASSOCIATES, WEST SENECA (ASHLEY J. LITWIN OF COUNSEL),
FOR PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT.


     Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court, Erie County (John A.
Michalek, J.), entered December 28, 2011. The order, insofar as
appealed from, granted in part plaintiff’s motion for summary
judgment.

     It is hereby ORDERED that the order insofar as appealed from is
unanimously reversed on the law without costs and the motion is denied
in its entirety.

     Memorandum: Plaintiff purchased its business from a seller that
four years earlier had purchased the business from Bruce Weller, sued
herein as Bruce Weller, doing business as Aurora Truck Supply Company
(defendant). For approximately six years after plaintiff’s purchase,
Weller continued to lease to plaintiff the real property where the
business was located. At the termination of the lease, plaintiff
relocated approximately two miles away, and Weller resumed a business
at the property with a similar name and trade. Plaintiff alleged in
the complaint that defendant and another unknown defendant engaged in
unfair competition based on trademark or trade name infringement and
misappropriation of goodwill.

     We agree with defendant that Supreme Court erred in granting that
part of plaintiff’s motion for partial summary judgment on liability
on the first cause of action, for unfair competition, and in
scheduling a trial on damages. “[T]o prevail in an unfair competition
case, the plaintiff may prove either: (1) that the defendant’s
activities have caused confusion with, or have been mistaken for, the
plaintiff’s activities in the mind of the public, or are likely to
cause such confusion or mistake; or (2) that the defendant has acted
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                                                        CA 12-01225

unfairly in some manner” (104 NY Jur 2d, Trade Regulation § 196; see
generally Allied Maintenance Corp. v Allied Mech. Trades, 42 NY2d 538,
543). We conclude that the affidavit of plaintiff’s owner in support
of plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment was merely conclusory and
failed to establish the elements of the cause of action for unfair
competition based on trademark or trade name infringement or
misappropriation of goodwill (see generally Cobrin v County of Monroe,
212 AD2d 1011, 1012). Indeed, the affidavit of plaintiff’s owner set
forth in a conclusory manner only that defendant’s use of a similar
trade name caused substantial confusion and that defendant acted in
bad faith. We note that the court concluded that the affidavit of
plaintiff’s owner alone, without resort to the attached exhibits,
established liability on the cause of action for unfair competition by
demonstrating that defendant caused “confusion among numerous
customers.” However, the affidavit alone does not support the court’s
statement that plaintiff’s owner received complaints from dissatisfied
customers as a result of poor workmanship provided by defendant, and
that plaintiff’s owner established “through his affidavit” that there
have been approximately 34 different incidents in which customers
expressed confusion between plaintiff’s business and defendant’s
business. Rather, the exhibits attached to the affidavit as purported
business records provide the information supporting that statement.

     We agree with defendant that plaintiff “failed to establish a
proper foundation for the admission of [those exhibits] under the
business record exception to the hearsay rule” (Palisades Collection,
LLC v Kedik, 67 AD3d 1329, 1330). For a document to be admissible as
a business record, it must be established that “it was made in the
regular course of any business and that it was the regular course of
such business to make it, at the time of the act, transaction,
occurrence or event, or within a reasonable time thereafter”
(CPLR 4518 [a]), and plaintiff’s owner did not aver in his affidavit
that the documents were records made in the regular course of
business. Also, the assertion of plaintiff’s counsel that the
exhibits were maintained in the regular course of business is
insufficient both because the assertion is made for the first time on
appeal and because plaintiff’s counsel did not have “personal
knowledge of the [record] maker’s business practices and procedures”
to establish the requisite foundation (West Val. Fire Dist. No. 1 v
Village of Springville, 294 AD2d 949, 950). Finally, plaintiff in
support of its motion submitted only one affidavit of a customer, who
asserted that he mistakenly called Aurora Truck Supply, i.e.,
defendant’s business, and a representative there claimed to be
plaintiff’s owner. We conclude that the circumstances of the
confusion of that sole customer are insufficient to establish a claim
of unfair competition as a matter of law (see Camelot Assoc. Corp. v
Camelot Design & Dev., 298 AD2d 799, 800).

     Finally, we conclude with respect to the claim for
misappropriation of good will as a basis for the unfair competition
cause of action that plaintiff failed to make the requisite prima
facie showing of both misappropriation of goodwill and bad faith (see
Abe’s Rooms, Inc. v Space Hunters, Inc., 38 AD3d 690, 692-693).
                                 -3-                           338
                                                         CA 12-01225

     In light of our determination that plaintiff failed to meet its
burden on the motion, we need not address defendant’s remaining
contentions.




Entered:   April 26, 2013                       Frances E. Cafarell
                                                Clerk of the Court
