                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION

                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                           FILED
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
                                                                           DEC 16 2016
                                                                        MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
LUIS MENDOZA,                                    No.   15-16194

              Petitioner-Appellant,              D.C. No.
                                                 2:98-cv-02150-MCE-GGH
 v.

JEFFREY A. BEARD, Secretary of                   MEMORANDUM*
CDCR,

              Respondent-Appellee.


                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Eastern District of California
                 Morrison C. England, Jr., District Judge, Presiding

                          Submitted December 12, 2016**
                             San Francisco, California

Before: O’SCANNLAIN, GOULD, and M. SMITH, Circuit Judges.

      Luis Mendoza appeals the dismissal of his federal habeas petition for failure

to prosecute. Because the facts are known to the parties, we repeat them only as

necessary to explain our decision.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
                                            I

      Dismissal for failure to prosecute is a “harsh penalty” that is “appropriate

only in extreme circumstances of unreasonable delay.” Hernandez v. City of El

Monte, 138 F.3d 393, 400 (9th Cir. 1998) (internal quotation marks omitted). The

court must weigh five factors when considering whether such dismissal is

warranted: (1) the public’s interest in expeditious resolution to litigation; (2) the

court’s need to manage its docket; (3) the public policy favoring disposition of

cases on their merits; (4) the availability of less drastic sanctions; and (5) the risk

of prejudice to the defendants. See id. at 399. We “may affirm a dismissal where

at least four factors support dismissal, or where at least three factors strongly

support dismissal.” Id. (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).

      Although the district court consulted the proper factors, it erred in its

calculation of the factors for and against dismissal. Based on the district court’s

own findings, only one of the five factors supports dismissal.

                                            A

      First, the district court did not err in concluding that Mendoza unreasonably

delayed by failing to take any action in this case—including communicating with

his attorney—for more than fourteen years. Despite being abandoned by his

attorney, Mendoza has not shown that he pursued his case with reasonable


                                            2
diligence. Cf. Luna v. Kernan, 784 F.3d 640, 650 (9th Cir. 2015) (claim of

reasonable diligence despite attorney misconduct considers whether petitioner kept

in reasonable contact with his attorney); Doe v. Busby, 661 F.3d 1001, 1013 (9th

Cir. 2011) (same). The public’s interest in expeditious resolution to litigation

favors dismissal.

                                           B

      Second, we defer to the district court’s determination that its docket-

management needs do not support dismissal. See Pagtalunan v. Galaza, 291 F.3d

639, 642 (9th Cir. 2002).

                                           C

      Third, the public policy favoring disposition of cases on their merits weighs

against dismissal. See id. at 643.

                                           D

      Fourth, the district court determined that there is a less drastic alternative to

dismissal available: the court could lift the stay and allow Mendoza to proceed on

his pending amended petition, which includes only already-exhausted claims. The

availability of this lesser sanction weighs against dismissal.




                                           3
                                           E

      Finally, the district court determined that the State would not suffer actual

prejudice if Mendoza were permitted only to proceed with his already-exhausted

claims. The State does not challenge that factual determination on appeal, and we

see no reason to conclude that it was made in error. This lack of prejudice should

have weighed against dismissal. See Anderson v. Air West, Inc., 542 F.2d 522, 524

(9th Cir. 1976) (“[I]f there is a showing that no actual prejudice occurred, that

factor should be considered when determining whether the trial court exercised

sound discretion.”). The district court erred in counting this factor in favor of

dismissal.

                                           II

      In sum, four of the five relevant factors weigh against dismissal; it was an

abuse of discretion to dismiss Mendoza’s petition in these circumstances. See, e.g.,

Yourish v. Cal. Amplifier, 191 F.3d 983, 990 (9th Cir. 1999) (three or four factors

required to support dismissal); Hernandez, 138 F.3d at 399 (same). Instead, the

district court should have imposed the less drastic sanction it identified. On

remand, the court shall impose such sanction, allowing Mendoza to proceed with

the amended petition he filed with the court in January 2000.

      REVERSED and REMANDED.


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