
TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN




NO. 03-97-00140-CV


Steven L. Scherer, Michael Joseph Neal and Total Solutions, Inc., Appellants

v.


The Texas Property and Casualty Insurance Guaranty Association, Appellee





FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 200TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT

NO. 96-07645-A, HONORABLE JOSEPH H. HART, JUDGE PRESIDING 



PER CURIAM

	Steven L. Scherer, Michael Joseph Neal, and Total Solutions, Inc. appeal the summary
judgment denying their claim for attorney's fees against the Texas Property and Casualty Insurance
Guaranty Association.  We will affirm the judgment.
	Appellants sought recovery of attorney's fees incurred in defending themselves from a suit
against which they contend their insurer, International Underwriters Insurance Company ("IUIC"), should
have defended them.  In July 1991, appellants purchased an insurance policy obligating IUIC to pay sums
the insured owed if found to have infringed on copyrights; the policy gave IUIC the duty to defend any suit
seeking those damages.  Central Systems, Inc. sued  appellants for copyright infringement in August 1991. 
In July 1992, appellants demanded that IUIC defend them from that suit.  The parties settled the suit in
September 1992; appellants paid no monetary damages under the settlement.  Later that month, IUIC told
appellants it was considering their demand.  In November 1992, appellants demanded reimbursement of
more than $180,000 in attorney's fees and expenses incurred in defending the suit.  There is no evidence
IUIC took any further action on the demand.
	Appellants then sued IUIC and an insurance agent.  The insurance commissioner declared
IUIC an impaired insurer in March 1993.  Appellants added the Texas Property and Casualty Insurance
Guaranty Association ("Guaranty Association") as defendants.  Guaranty Association moved for summary
judgment against the claims. The court granted the motion and severed those claims so that the judgment
favoring Guaranty Association could become final.
	By one point of error, appellants contend the judgment was erroneous because as a matter
of law the attorney's fees they sought to recover were covered under the Property and Casualty Guaranty
Act.  Tex. Ins. Code Ann. art. 21.28-C, § 5 (8) (West Supp. 1997).  The stated purposes of the Act
include providing a mechanism for payment of covered claims, avoiding excessive delay in payment, and
avoiding financial loss to claimant and policyholders because of the impairment of an insurer.  Act § 2.  This
Court wrote that the Act's purpose is to provide the injured party the same recovery he would have
received had the responsible insurer remained solvent.  Latter v. Autry, 853 S.W.2d 836, 838 (Tex.
App.--Austin 1993, no writ).  Appellants argue that denying their claim contravenes the Act's purposes. 
They contend that their right to recover the attorney's fees that their insurer should have incurred or paid
is well-established, but thwarted by the trial court's interpretation of the Act.
	The Act, however, does not guarantee full recovery of the amount the insured would have
received from its insurer.  Covered claims are limited to $100,000 except for workers' compensation
claims.  Act § 5 (8).  Claims exceeding the statutory cap are, by definition, not covered claims.  See Latter,
853 S.W.2d at 839.  Also excluded from the definition of "covered claims" are "supplementary payment
obligations, including adjustment fees and expenses, attorney's fees and expenses, court costs, interest and
penalties, and interest and bond premiums incurred prior to the determination that an insurer is an impaired
insurer under this Act."  Act § 5(8).  Appellants contend that, because their policy included a duty to
defend them from suit and that duty was not fulfilled, their claim for attorney's fees reimbursement is within
the policy terms  and is not a "supplementary payment obligation."  Appellants argue that this exclusion must
relate solely to additional attorney's fees incurred by an insured in seeking to recover the cost of defense
against an insurer who failed to provide a defense--that is, the fees appellants incurred defending the
Central Systems lawsuit are recoverable, but the fees appellants incur seeking to recover those fees
(prosecuting this case) are not recoverable.  Appellants contend that there is at least a fact question on this
issue.
	We conclude that the statutory language precludes appellants' recovery of their attorney's
fees.  The Act shows the legislature capable of drawing stark lines with limited exceptions regarding what
types of claims and what amounts are compensable.  The Act excludes recoveries exceeding $100,000
per claim and claims for attorney's fees incurred before the impairment determination, but excepts workers'
compensation claims from the $100,000 cap.  The existence of that exception emphasizes the legislature's
choice not to distinguish between attorney's fees incurred by an insured forced to defend itself and fees
incurred by the insured seeking to recover attorney's fees.
	The exclusion applies to all attorney's fees for which the insurance company is liable that
were incurred before the impairment determination.  There is no dispute that appellants incurred the
attorney's fees sought here before the impairment determination.  The trial court did not err by granting
summary judgment against the claim for fees.  We overrule point one.
	We affirm the judgment.

Before Chief Justice Carroll, Justices Aboussie and B. A. Smith
Affirmed
Filed:   September 11, 1997
Do Not Publish Released for publication February 5, 1998.  Tex. R. App. P. 47.3(c).

e IUIC the duty to defend any suit
seeking those damages.  Central Systems, Inc. sued  appellants for copyright infringement in August 1991. 
In July 1992, appellants demanded that IUIC defend them from that suit.  The parties settled the suit in
September 1992; appellants paid no monetary damages under the settlement.  Later that month, IUIC told
appellants it was considering their demand.  In November 1992, appellants demanded reimbursement of
more than $180,000 in attorney's fees and expenses incurred in defending the suit.  There is no evidence
IUIC took any further action on the demand.
	Appellants then sued IUIC and an insurance agent.  The insurance commissioner declared
IUIC an impaired insurer in March 1993.  Appellants added the Texas Property and Casualty Insurance
Guaranty Association ("Guaranty Association") as defendants.  Guaranty Association moved for summary
judgment against the claims. The court granted the motion and severed those claims so that the judgment
favoring Guaranty Association could become final.
	By one point of error, appellants contend the judgment was erroneous because as a matter
of law the attorney's fees they sought to recover were covered under the Property and Casualty Guaranty
Act.  Tex. Ins. Code Ann. art. 21.28-C, § 5 (8) (West Supp. 1997).  The stated purposes of the Act
include providing a mechanism for payment of covered claims, avoiding excessive delay in payment, and
avoiding financial loss to claimant and policyholders because of the impairment of an insurer.  Act § 2.  This
Court wrote that the Act's purpose is to provide the injured party the same recovery he would have
received had the responsible insurer remained solvent.  Latter v. Autry, 853 S.W.2d 836, 838 (Tex.
App.--Austin 1993, no writ).  Appellants argue that denying their claim contravenes the Act's purposes. 
They contend that their right to recover the attorney's fees that their insurer should have incurred or paid
is well-established, but thwarted by the trial court's interpretation of the Act.
	The Act, however, does not guarantee full recovery of the amount the insured would have
received from its insurer.  Covered claims are limited to $100,000 except for workers' compensation
claims.  Act § 5 (8).  Claims exceeding the statutory cap are, by definition, not covered claims.  See Latter,
853 S.W.2d at 839.  Also excluded from the definition of "covered claims" are "supplementary payment
obligations, including adjustment fees and expenses, attorney's fees and expenses, court costs, interest and
penalties, and interest and bond premiums incurred prior to the determination that an insurer is an impaired
insurer under this Act."  Act § 5(8).  Appellants contend that, because their policy included a duty to
defend them from suit and that duty w