J-S57034-15


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

M.A.D.                                          IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                      PENNSYLVANIA
                          Appellee

                     v.

J.F.D., JR.

                          Appellant                  No. 1026 EDA 2015


                  Appeal from the Order Entered March 9, 2015
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County
                      Domestic Relations at No: 2007-26322


BEFORE: MUNDY, OTT, and STABILE, J.J.

MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.:                      FILED DECEMBER 21, 2015

      Appellant, J.F.D., Jr., appeals from the trial court’s March 9, 2015

order denying his petition for modification of a December 23, 2013 child

support order. We affirm.

      The trial court recited the pertinent facts and procedural history in its

opinion of March 10, 2015:

            Currently before the [c]ourt is [Appellant’s] Exceptions to
      the Recommendation of Support which was made a Per Curiam
      Order on December 23, 2013, and [Appellee M.A.D.’s] Petition
      for Counsel Fees. The relevant factual and procedural history is
      as outlined below.

            [Appellant] and [Appellee] are the parents of two minor
      children[….]

            On April 9, 2012, [Appellee] filed a petition for child
      support. On March 5, 2013, the parties appeared before the
      Conference Officer in Support, on [Appellee’s] petition. After the
      conference, a Per Curiam Order was entered, wherein
      [Appellant] was directed to pay two thousand two hundred
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      sixteen dollars and forty-six cents ($2,216.46) per month for
      child support for both children. On March 19, 2013, [Appellant]
      filed Exceptions to said Order. On May 20, 2013, [Appellee] and
      [Appellant] appeared before the Honorable, Judge Rhonda Lee
      Daniele for a de novo hearing on [Appellee’s] April 9, 2012
      petition for child support.

            On    July    25,   2013,    Judge    Daniele   issued    an
      Opinion/Support Order calculating the parties’ respective
      incomes utilizing four different time periods. Specifically, the
      Court calculated the parties’ respective incomes from April 9,
      2012 until June 30, 2012 (“first period”), from July 1, 2012 until
      December 31, 2012 (“second period”), from January 1, 2013
      until June 30, 2013 (“third period”), and from July 1, 2013
      forward (“fourth period”). [. . .] With regard to [Appellant], the
      Court found that [Appellant] was the sole owner of Protica, Inc.,
      a subchapter S corporation, and also an owner of interests in
      several L.L.C.’s. The Court stated that [Appellant] testified
      regarding a drastic downturn in his business, but that it was not
      convinced by [Appellant’s] testimony, and the documentary
      evidence submitted, that such a drastic downturn occurred. The
      Court also noted that [Appellant’s] income was ‘significantly
      more than’ [Appellant] represented. Ultimately, the Court found
      that [Appellant] has an income/earning capacity of $25,000 per
      month for all four periods.

Trial Court Opinion, 3/10/15, at 1-2.

      Appellant did not appeal from the trial court’s July 25, 2013 support

order.   On August 17, 2013, he filed the instant modification petition.     A

conference    officer   recommended     dismissal,   finding   no   change   in

circumstances, and Appellant filed exceptions. The trial court, Judge Steven

C. Tolliver, conducted protracted hearings on May 5, 2014, July 28, 2014,

and February 12, 2015. At those hearings, Appellant testified that Protica’s

financial health has been in decline since 2011.         Protica manufactures

protein-based health foods and drinks.     Appellant also noted that Protica



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filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on May 5, 2013. In June of 2013,

Protica laid off most of its employees and defaulted on a $3.9 million

business loan.       Protica eventually sold its production lines to another

company, Nutritional Resources, Inc. (“NRI”) while Protica transitioned from

manufacturing to sales. Appellant testified that his current annual earnings

from Protica are capped at $120,000 under an agreement with Protica’s

creditors.

      Judge Tolliver dismissed Appellant’s petition, reasoning in large part

that Appellant’s challenges relate to circumstances that predate the prior

support order, and that his allegations of changed circumstances lacked

credibility.    Thus, Appellant cannot establish a change in circumstances.

Appellant counters that the alleged change in circumstances occurred during

the weeks between the May 20, 2013 hearing and the July 25, 2013 support

order. Appellant states the questions involved as follows:

      I.       Did the trial court abuse its discretion by entering an order
               which failed to consider the financial circumstances
               presented prior to the filing of the petition to modify
               support, on the basis that a party must show a material
               and substantial change in circumstances since entry of an
               order, despite the fact that it took the trial court two
               months after the prior support trial concluded to enter its
               order, and the effect of this delays [sic] is not an issue
               contemplated in the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure
               or Pennsylvania case law?

      II.      Did the trial court abuse its discretion by entering an order
               that failed to conclude that credible evidence presented by
               [Appellant], regarding a material and substantial change in
               circumstances, warranted a modification of support,
               obligation for private school tuition, and other expenses for

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             the children, despite the fact that the trial court never
             concluded that [Appellant’s] evidence at trial was not
             credible?

      III.   Did the trial court abuse its discretion in entering an order
             which failed to conclude that evidence reflecting a material
             and substantial change in circumstances to [Appellee’s]
             income warrant a modification of support, obligation for
             private school tuition, and other expenses for the children?

Appellant’s Brief at 5.

      We conduct our review as follows:

             When evaluating a support order, this Court may only
      reverse the trial court’s determination where the order cannot be
      sustained on any valid ground. We will not interfere with the
      broad discretion afforded the trial court absent an abuse of the
      discretion or insufficient evidence to sustain the support order.
      An abuse of discretion is not merely an error of judgment; if, in
      reaching a conclusion, the court overrides or misapplies the law,
      or the judgment exercised is shown by the record to be either
      manifestly unreasonable or the product of partiality, prejudice,
      bias or ill will, discretion has been abused. In addition, we note
      that the duty to support one’s child is absolute, and the purpose
      of child support is to promote the child’s best interests.

Morgan v. Morgan, 99 A.3d 554, 556-57 (Pa. Super. 2014), appeal denied,

113 A.3d 280 (Pa. 2015).

      Moreover,

            A Court may only modify an existing support award when
      the party requesting the modification shows a material and
      substantial change in circumstances since the Order was
      entered. In order to modify a support order, the moving party
      has the burden of proving by competent evidence that a
      material and substantial change of circumstances has
      occurred since the entry of the original or modified order.
      The change in circumstances must be permanent, meaning it is
      irreversible and indefinite in duration. We have refused to
      disturb a support award unless the trial court in determining the
      amount of support, has abused its discretion in determining the


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     amount of the award and where the moving party’s burden of
     proof has not been met.

Crawford v. Crawford, 633 A.2d 155, 164 (Pa. Super. 1993) (emphasis

added).

     As is evident from the foregoing, Appellant’s first argument—that

Judge Tolliver erred in refusing to consider circumstances that predate the

prior support order—is legally incorrect. This Court has held repeatedly that

any alleged changed circumstances must post-date the prior support order.

Id; see also Sammi v. Sammi, 847 A.2d 691, 695 (Pa. Super. 2004)

(“When modification of a child support order is sought, the moving party has

the burden of proving by competent evidence that a material and substantial

change of circumstances has occurred since the entry of the original or

modified order.”) (quoting Sladek v. Sladek, 563 A.2d 172, 173 (Pa. Super.

1989)); Lampa v. Lampa, 537 A.2d 350, 352 (Pa. Super. 1988) (same).

     In addition, the Crawford Court explained that the law imposes no

deadline within which the trial court must issue a support order. Crawford,

633 A.2d at 161. The Crawford Court criticized the trial court for a three-

year delay between the hearing and the eventual support order, but found

no prejudice to the husband arising from that delay inasmuch as he was not

required to pay interest on outstanding arrearages. Id. More importantly,

the Court wrote that the husband cited “no basis in law or fact upon which

this Court may grant him relief.” Id. Appellant believes Crawford supports

his argument because Appellant, unlike the husband in Crawford, suffered

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prejudice.     We disagree.     The Crawford Court charged husband with

knowledge of the law governing support proceedings, including the rule that

the support order would be effective as of the date his wife filed the

complaint for support. Id. (citing Pa.R.C.P. 1910.17(a)). Similarly, in the

instant case, Appellant should have been aware of the well-settled rule that

a modification petition must allege changed circumstances that post-date the

existing support order. If Appellant suffered a sudden and dramatic change

in his financial circumstances after the May 20, 2013 hearing but before the

July 25, 2013 order, nothing prevented Appellant from informing the court of

those circumstances before it issued an order. Based on the rule expressed

in the above-cited cases, Appellant was obligated to do so. He did not.

      Furthermore, as the trial court noted, the record does not support the

factual basis for Appellant’s first argument. Protica filed for bankruptcy on

May 5, 2013, fifteen days before the final protracted hearing in front of

Judge Daniele.       Protica’s financial decline predated the final protracted

hearing before Judge Daniele, she was aware of the bankruptcy when she

issued her support order. Appellant’s first argument does not merit relief.

      In his second argument, Appellant asserts that the trial court’s ruling

is in error because the court did not find Appellant’s evidence and testimony

lacking   in   credibility.   According   to   Appellant,   the   record   contains

uncontradicted credible evidence of the significant downturn in Protica’s

financial health.     Furthermore, Appellant notes that the existing support


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order set his earning capacity at $25,000 per month based on his 2011 tax

return. Appellant claims it is unfair for that order to remain in effect given

the misfortunes he suffered beginning in mid-2013.           As we have just

explained, the trial court denied Appellant’s petition because the alleged

changed circumstances predated the July 25, 2013 support order. Appellant

persists in that challenge on appeal. Appellant’s Brief at 18, 20. The trial

court was correct in ruling that the law requires the alleged changed

circumstances to post-date the existing order.

      Moreover, as Judge Tolliver noted, Judge Daniele had no choice but to

base the July 25, 2013 order on Appellant’s 2011 tax return because he

never provided the 2012 return, despite a court order to do so. See Trial

Court Opinion, 7/25/13, at 2 (“[Appellant] failed to supply what the Court

considers the most important documents in calculating a support order:

2012 Individual and Corporate Tax Returns, which he was specifically

directed to bring by the Discovery Order dated April 19, 2013.”). Appellant

cannot use the pending modification petition to remedy his failure to apprise

Judge Daniele of his financial circumstances as they existed prior to the July

25, 2013 support order.

      Finally, and contrary to Appellant’s assertion, Judge Tolliver plainly did

not find any credible evidence that Appellant’s financial circumstances

changed for the worse after the July 25, 2013 support order:

           This Court also was not impressed that [Appellant’s]
      income is capped at $120,000. [Appellant’s] testimony and

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      documentary evidence demonstrate that [Appellant’s] annual
      salary has not changed, and the amounts of distributions
      [Appellant] takes is based upon the financial success of Protica.
      [Appellant’s] testimony regarding his income and the
      future of Protica was speculative at best.

              First, the evidence demonstrates that [Appellant’s] income
      in 2014, including his salary and distributions from Protica,
      exceeded $120,000. In addition, [Appellant] has testified that
      Protica is not winding down, rather it is restructuring. Protica
      still collects a minimum annual royalty fee of $400,000, is now a
      party to a commission and equity agreement with NRI, and still
      collects licensing fees. Although [Appellant] makes much of the
      reduction in his salary, the record also reveals that he voluntarily
      agreed to it, in order to assist Protica’s transition to a sales
      company.

Trial Court Opinion, 3/10/15, at 6 (emphasis added).              “[Q]uestions of

credibility are solely for the trial court as factfinder to decide.” Crawford,

633   A.2d   at   159.   We    cannot   disturb   the   trial   court’s   credibility

determinations, and we conclude that the trial court acted well within its

broad discretion in finding that Appellant did not experience a material and

substantial change in his financial circumstances subsequent to the July 25,

2013 support order.

      In his third and final argument, Appellant asserts that the trial court

erred in denying his modification petition because Appellee’s salary has risen

since the prior order.   In support of his argument, Appellant references a

single page of the record.     Appellant’s Brief at 26 (citing N.T. Hearing,

5/5/14, at 42.) Nothing on that page evidences any increase in Appellee’s

salary.   Since Appellant has failed to cite record support for his third




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argument, he cannot obtain relief.      Pa.R.A.P. 2119(c); J.J. DeLuca Co.,

Inc. v. Toll Naval Assoc., 56 A.3d 402, 411 (Pa. Super. 2012).

      In summary, we have concluded that none of Appellant’s arguments

merits relief. We therefore affirm the trial court’s order.

      Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 12/21/2015




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