                         This opinion will be unpublished and
                         may not be cited except as provided by
                         Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

                              STATE OF MINNESOTA
                              IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                    A14-2195

                                   Marion Clements,
                                       Relator,

                                          vs.

                               Mentor Management, Inc.,
                                     Respondent,

                            Department of Employment and
                               Economic Development,
                                    Respondent.

                                 Filed August 3, 2015
                                       Affirmed
                                    Hudson, Judge

                            Department of Employment and
                               Economic Development
                                 File No. 32821293-3

Marion Clements, Willmar, Minnesota (pro se relator)

Mentor Management, Inc., c/o ADP-UCM / The Frick Co., St. Louis, Missouri
(respondent employer)

Lee B. Nelson, Munazza Humayun, Department of Employment and Economic
Development, St. Paul, Minnesota (for respondent department)

         Considered and decided by Smith, Presiding Judge; Hudson, Judge; and Worke,

Judge.
                        UNPUBLISHED OPINION

HUDSON, Judge

      In this certiorari appeal, relator challenges the decision of an unemployment-law

judge (ULJ) that she was discharged because of employment misconduct when she made

errors in administering medication. She argues that she was harassed by a co-worker and

that her working conditions were distracting. We affirm.

                                        FACTS

      Relator Marion Clements worked from 2006 to 2014 as a direct support

professional in a foster home for adults with disabilities operated by respondent Mentor

Management, Inc. Clements was discharged based on approximately 12 incidents in

which she committed errors in administering medication to residents. A supervisor

documented that, in 2014, Clements initialed on a medication pack that she gave a

resident medication twice in the same day, which amounted to a double dose.          In

additional incidents that year, Clements failed to give medication as ordered by a

physician, which resulted in a missed dose and mistakenly administered two doses of a

medication at the same time.

      Clements applied for unemployment benefits, indicating that she had mistakenly

administered one medication twice because she was distracted and alone on duty. She

acknowledged that she had been previously warned after an incident because she forgot

to give a medication at a new time. The Minnesota Department of Employment and

Economic Development (DEED) initially determined that Clements was eligible to

receive benefits, and the employer contested that determination.


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       At a hearing before a ULJ, Clements did not contest that she made medication

errors. She testified that the employer’s version of events was “basically true” and that

she did not remember the time that she allegedly gave a double dose of medication, but

that it “could have happened.” She stated that one of the errors occurred when she was

very distracted by a resident’s difficult behavior while she was attempting to give

medication. She stated that on another day when an error occurred, a co-worker, who had

been harassing her, had also been working. Clements indicated that the other employee

was “very upsetting” to her and made her “very nervous,” so that at times she “could

hardly function.” She testified that “part of [her] problem [was] that [she] was just upset”

based on the other employee’s behavior, which allegedly included crossing out

Clements’s documentation on patient charts and interfering with her personal property.

Clements also denied working on two of the days when medication errors occurred.

       The ULJ determined Clements to be ineligible for unemployment benefits. The

ULJ found that Clements did not specifically dispute the errors cited by the employer,

and although there were no allegations that she intentionally failed to administer

medication properly, she made frequent medication errors throughout her employment.

The ULJ found that Clements failed to meet the high standard required in working with

vulnerable adults and that her negligent actions displayed clearly a serious violation of

the standards that the employer had a right to reasonably expect.

       Clements requested reconsideration, and the ULJ affirmed the decision. The ULJ

found that, even though Clements alleged that she had not worked when one of the

medication errors occurred, she had numerous other medication errors, including three in


                                             3
2014; that her repeated medication errors were negligent; and that she was discharged

because of employment misconduct. This certiorari appeal follows.

                                     DECISION

       This court reviews a ULJ’s decision to determine whether a party’s substantial

rights may have been prejudiced because the ULJ’s findings, inferences, conclusions, or

decision are unsupported by substantial record evidence or affected by an error of law or

procedure. Minn. Stat. § 268.105, subd. 7(d)(3)-(5) (2014). An employee who was

discharged from employment because of employment misconduct is ineligible to receive

unemployment benefits.      Minn. Stat. § 268.095, subd. 4(1) (2014).         “Employment

misconduct” is defined as “any intentional, negligent, or indifferent conduct . . . that

displays clearly: (1) a serious violation of the standards of behavior the employer has the

right to reasonably expect of the employee; or (2) a substantial lack of concern for the

employment.”     Id., subd. 6(a) (2014).      Employment misconduct does not include

inefficiency or inadvertence, simple unsatisfactory conduct, poor performance because of

inability or incapacity, or good-faith errors in judgment. Id., subd. 6(b) (2014).

       Whether an employee committed employment misconduct presents a mixed

question of fact and law. Skarhus v. Davanni’s Inc., 721 N.W.2d 340, 344 (Minn. App.

2006). “Whether the employee committed a particular act is a question of fact.” Id. We

review the ULJ’s factual findings “in the light most favorable to the decision” and defer

to the ULJ’s credibility determinations. Id. We will not disturb the ULJ’s factual

findings when the evidence substantially sustains them.           Minn. Stat. § 268.105,

subd. 7(d)(5). Whether the employee’s act constitutes employment misconduct presents a


                                             4
question of law, which we review de novo. Stagg v. Vintage Place Inc., 796 N.W.2d 312,

315 (Minn. 2011).

       We initially note that, in briefing, Clements did not challenge the ULJ’s finding

that she made medication errors, but she appears to argue that this conduct did not rise to

the level of employment misconduct. This court may decline to reach an issue in the

absence of adequate briefing. State Dep’t of Labor & Indus. v. Wintz Parcel Drivers,

Inc., 558 N.W.2d 480, 480 (Minn. 1997); see also Melina v. Chaplin, 327 N.W.2d 19, 20

(Minn. 1982) (deeming waived an issue because it was not argued in appellate briefs).

But because Clements presumably wished to argue that her conduct was not employment

misconduct, we nonetheless address that issue. See Liptak v. State ex rel. City of New

Hope, 340 N.W.2d 366, 367 (Minn. App. 1983) (permitting “some latitude and

consideration . . . by all courts to persons appearing pro se”).

       The ULJ found that Clements made repeated medication errors, which were

negligent, and that she was discharged because of employment misconduct. Employers

have the right to expect employees to abide by their reasonable policies and requests.

Schmidgall v. FilmTec Corp., 644 N.W.2d 801, 804 (Minn. 2002). And courts are

particularly reluctant to second-guess an employer’s considered judgment relating to a

patient’s best interests. See Ress v. Abbott Nw. Hosp., Inc., 448 N.W.2d 519, 525 (Minn.

1989) (stating that “if there is one unique area of employment law where strict

compliance with protocol and militarylike discipline is required, it is in the medical

field”).




                                              5
       Clements acknowledged that “what they’ve said is basically true . . . I made the

errors . . . I can say that.” She argues, however, that beginning in February 2014, a co-

worker’s harassment caused her to have difficulty thinking clearly at work. She also

maintains that “[c]onditions at the house on the date of [her] last error were chaotic, not

calm and quiet at all, as they are meant to be.” But Clements’s arguments, that a co-

worker was harassing her and that her working conditions were not quiet, do not excuse

her own negligent acts with regard to medication errors.

       Clements’s medication errors—which included twice administering a double dose

of medication and once failing to administer a dose of medication—are serious errors.

Further, even excluding the errors that occurred when she was allegedly being harassed

or when she states that she was not working, Clements made approximately eight

medication errors from 2007 to 2013. An employee’s behavior “may be considered as a

whole in determining the propriety of her discharge and her qualification for

unemployment compensation benefits.” Drellack v. Inter–Cnty. Cmty. Council, Inc., 366

N.W.2d 671, 674 (Minn. App. 1985).           The ULJ’s decision appropriately reflects

consideration of Clements’s behavior as a whole in determining that she committed

employment misconduct.

       Substantial evidence supports the ULJ’s findings that Clements’s repeated

medication errors were negligent and showed clearly a serious violation of the standards

that the employer had the right to reasonably expect. The ULJ did not err by determining




                                            6
that Clements was discharged for employment misconduct and that she is ineligible for

unemployment benefits.

      Affirmed.




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