Note: Decisions of a three-justice panel are not to be considered as precedent before any tribunal.



                                           ENTRY ORDER

                           SUPREME COURT DOCKET NO. 2011-098

                                        AUGUST TERM, 2011

 John Viskup                                           }    APPEALED FROM:
                                                       }
    v.                                                 }    Superior Court, Chittenden Unit,
                                                       }    Family Division
                                                       }
 Juliane Viskup                                        }    DOCKET NO. F719-8-09 Cndm

                                                            Trial Judge: M. Patricia Zimmerman

                          In the above-entitled cause, the Clerk will enter:

       Husband appeals from the trial court’s final divorce order. He argues that the court
improperly considered his post-separation conduct in reaching its decision, and it erred in
dividing the marital assets. We affirm.

        The court found as follows. Husband and wife were married for four years. Husband
was sixty-eight at the time of the court’s order; wife was fifty-five. Husband is a dentist who
retired in September 2006. His income was substantial. Wife is an attorney and also works as a
consultant. Both parties entered the marriage with assets, although husband had many more
assets than wife. At the time of the marriage, wife owned a home with $200,000 in equity; she
also held certain investments and stocks. Husband owned numerous properties, including a
home valued at $2,250,000, with net equity of $1,885,000. There was currently a mortgage of
$181,000 and a $200,000 line of credit on this property. This property was in both parties’
names and was listed for sale for $2,750,000. The court found that the $200,000 credit line had
been taken out in February 2008 to provide access to funds because husband had no salary
income, he was not collecting Social Security, and wife was working two part-time jobs. The
court found this to be a joint marital debt. As discussed below, the court held husband
responsible for this obligation. Wife agreed to assume $76,000 in outstanding credit card debt.
By agreement, the parties each kept the real property they brought to the marriage. Each party
was also awarded his or her own checking and savings accounts, stocks, retirement accounts, and
business interests, as well as vehicles, farm equipment, trailers, and boat.

        The court detailed various marital expenditures and investments in its order. It explained
that significant trial time had been consumed in discussing a $20,000 transaction in which money
was transferred between an account held by husband, one held by wife, and one held by wife’s
ex-husband. The documentation was signed by wife without husband’s knowledge. Ultimately,
the $20,000 was returned to husband’s account. The court found that this appeared to be a
complicated straw transaction designed to cover the parties’ expenses with the intent to avoid a
penalty to husband’s account. The court recognized that husband believed that this was a
criminal act, but it did not so find. The court also recounted that during the marriage, the parties
invested $100,000 in a company called Vermont Global, LLC. Husband invested $20,000 and
wife invested $80,000 by refinancing her property in Williston. Husband did not agree to invest
$80,000. Wife also invested $20,000 in another related company. Neither of these companies
has any present value.

        As to the respective merits of the parties, the court found that husband engaged in a
pattern of retribution after the parties’ separation that included threatening wife with criminal
prosecution and engaging in a persistent and disparaging letter writing campaign to wife’s
family, friends, business colleagues, and employer. Husband also feigned a suicide threat to gain
wife’s attention, knowing that she was particularly susceptible to such threats. Husband vowed
to “drag [wife] through the mud” rather than reach any divorce settlement and expressed his
willingness to pay whatever legal fees that would entail. As noted above, husband had been
pursuing criminal charges against wife since their separation, alleging that she stole marital
assets. The court found, based on the credible testimony and its observations during trial, that
husband was an angry individual who could not tolerate personal rejection and would not accept
any responsibility for the financial position of the parties.

        The court explained that, largely by agreement, husband would be receiving
approximately $4,000,000 in marital assets (90%), while wife received $450,000 in assets (10%).
Wife had entered the marriage owning less than 20% of the joint assets. During the marriage,
however, wife was a wage earner, and she was responsible for determining how the parties
would pay for the extraordinary expenses of maintaining their real estate properties and farms.
The court found that wife would need approximately $350,000 to put her in the same financial
position that she enjoyed during the marriage, and it ordered husband to pay this sum to wife. In
other words, this brought wife’s share of the marital estate to approximately 18%. The court
reiterated that the $200,000 line of credit on the marital home had been used to provide cash flow
for marital expenses. While wife had been making interest-only payments on this debt, the court
found that she should not remain responsible for this obligation given that the money was used to
support the parties’ lifestyle. Additionally, the debt was secured on multi-million dollar property
that had been awarded to husband. The court explained that any financial responsibility for this
line of credit was partially offset by the respective merits of the parties and by wife assuming
payment of $76,000 in credit card debt. Husband appealed from the court’s order.

        Husband argues that the court erred in considering his post-separation conduct in
evaluating the respective merits of the parties under 15 V.S.A. § 751(b)(12). He suggests that
allowing the court to consider such evidence will “open up a pandora’s box.” Husband also
asserts that wife should be solely responsible for a bad investment made during the marriage.

         We have repeatedly held that the “disposition of property pursuant to a divorce decree is
a matter of wide discretion for the trial court.” Lalumiere v. Lalumiere, 149 Vt. 469, 471 (1988).
We will uphold the trial court’s decision unless its discretion was abused, withheld, or exercised
on clearly untenable grounds. Chilkott v. Chilkott, 158 Vt. 193, 198 (1992). All that is required
is that the distribution of marital property be equitable. Lalumiere, 149 Vt. at 471.

        The court’s award was eminently equitable here. The court recognized that this was a
short-term marriage and that husband entered the marriage with more assets than wife. At the
same time, however, it found that wife was a wage earner during the marriage and that she had
been responsible for overseeing financial obligations for the parties’ numerous real estate
holdings. By agreement, each party was awarded the real property that they held at the time of
the marriage. They each retained their own bank accounts, stocks, business interests, and
retirement accounts. Wife assumed $76,000 in credit card debt while husband was responsible
for the $200,000 line of credit on the marital home. In the end, husband received approximately


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80% of the marital assets, while wife received 20%. Given this gross disparity, it is difficult to
countenance husband’s argument that the award is inequitable.

        We reject husband’s assertion that the court erred in considering his post-separation
behavior in reaching its conclusion. By statute, the court may consider “all relevant factors” in
equitably dividing marital property, including but not limited to “the respective merits of the
parties.” 15 V.S.A. § 751(b)(12). The plain language of the statute does not limit the court’s
analysis to a party’s conduct during the marriage, and we have never so held. To the contrary,
we emphasized in Cleverly v. Cleverly, that our decision therein “should not be construed as a
holding that, as a matter of law, the post-separation conduct of parties to a divorce proceeding
may never be considered by the court.” 147 Vt. 154, 157 (1986); see also Allen v. Allen, 132 Vt.
182, 185-86 (1974) (affirming distribution of marital property as equitable despite wife’s
contention that evidence of her actions after filing for divorce were irrelevant and should not
have been considered in distributing marital estate).

        In Cleverly, we reversed the trial court’s property division because its findings regarding
fault and husband’s abandonment of wife were not supported by the evidence. 147 Vt. at 156-
57. The same cannot be said here. While husband disagrees with the court’s characterization of
his behavior, the court’s findings as to his behavior are well-supported by the record. Among
other things, husband attempted to ruin wife’s reputation with her employer and her colleagues.
Essentially, he tried to put her in a worse position going forward. The court acted well within its
discretion in finding husband’s conduct relevant in allocating a $200,000 marital debt, a debt
which, as the trial court found, was secured by husband’s multi-million dollar home and partially
offset by wife’s assumption of $76,000 in credit card debt. Husband fails to show that the
court’s consideration of this evidence resulted in an inequitable division of the marital estate.

        We similarly reject husband’s claim that the court should have held wife solely
responsible for the losses suffered through the investment in Vermont Global, LLC. Certainly,
one could point to numerous financial decisions made by husband during the marriage that wife
might deem unnecessary or unfair. Husband spent $40,000 on his daughter’s wedding, for
example, and hundreds of thousands of dollars improving real estate that he was awarded as part
of the final divorce order. Indeed, we note that 80% of the investment in Vermont Global was
funded by wife refinancing her own property, property that she was awarded in the final divorce
order. In any event, the trial court was not persuaded by husband’s claim on this point, and it is
the exclusive role of the trial court to weigh the evidence. See Kanaan v. Kanaan, 163 Vt. 402,
405 (1995) (trial court’s findings entitled to wide deference on review because it is in unique
position to assess the credibility of witnesses and weigh the evidence presented). We find no
grounds to disturb the court’s decision.

       Affirmed.

                                             BY THE COURT:

                                             _______________________________________
                                             John A. Dooley, Associate Justice

                                             _______________________________________
                                             Denise R. Johnson, Associate Justice

                                             _______________________________________
                                             Marilyn S. Skoglund, Associate Justice

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