                            STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

                          SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS


                                                                                  FILED
In re: M.G. and E.G.
                                                                                May 22, 2017
No. 16-1211 (Wood County 15-JA-141 & 15-JA-142)                                RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
                                                                             SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                 OF WEST VIRGINIA


                              MEMORANDUM DECISION
        Petitioner Father D.G., by counsel Robin S. Bonovitch, appeals the Circuit Court of
Wood County’s November 22, 2016, order terminating his parental rights to M.G. and E.G.1 The
West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel Lee
Niezgoda, filed a response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem
(“guardian”), Debra L. Steed, filed a response on behalf of the children in support of the circuit
court’s order. On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying his motion to
extend his improvement period and in failing to consider a less-restrictive dispositional
alternative.

        This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

        In September of 2015, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition against the parents
that alleged that the home was in an unsanitary and unsafe condition, primarily due to the
presence of multiple active methamphetamine laboratories. According to a law enforcement
officer who investigated petitioner’s home, it was in deplorable condition and filled with trash
and feces.

        In October of 2015, the parents both stipulated to allegations in the petition, and the
circuit court granted them post-adjudicatory improvement periods. Eventually, in May of 2016,
petitioner was granted an improvement period as disposition. However, throughout the course of
their improvement periods, the parents failed to make significant changes in their parenting.
Specifically, although he was initially compliant with services, petitioner failed to implement
directions from DHHR employees designed to keep the residence in a suitable condition.

       1
         Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W.Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W.Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013);
State v. Brandon B., 218 W.Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183
W.Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990).


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Further, by the final dispositional hearing, the parents had moved from their original home into a
second home that was subsequently rendered uninhabitable. Thereafter, the parents moved to a
third home.

        In November of 2016, the circuit court held a final dispositional hearing, during which a
service provider testified that petitioner failed to implement the skills taught during services. In
fact, the provider testified that petitioner was actually regressing in his ability to parent over the
course of the improvement periods. The provider also testified to the parents’ poor decision
making regarding the conditions in the home, including their willingness to store food in
cupboards that contain cockroaches or use appliances that the insects had been in contact with.
According to this provider, the parents took a limited degree of responsibility for the conditions
in the home in that they felt as if they did not need to correct the infestations because they were
not responsible for causing them.

        Regarding the parents’ living situation, the circuit court heard testimony about the
parents’ move from their original residence into a new home, which thereafter became infested
with cockroaches and bed bugs, thereby rending it unsuitable for the children. Upon moving to
their current residence, the parents failed to follow recommendations to prevent the
transportation of insects from one residence to the next, as evidenced by the presence of
cockroaches in their current home. Petitioner moved for an extension of his improvement period,
but the circuit court denied the motion. Ultimately, the circuit court found that the parents’
current home was unfit for the children, given the continued presence of cockroaches and a lack
of running water or furniture. The circuit court also found that the parents permitted
inappropriate individuals, including sex offenders, to visit the home. As such, the circuit court
found there was no reasonable likelihood that petitioner could substantially correct the conditions
of abuse and neglect and that termination of his parental rights was necessary for the children’s
welfare. Accordingly, the circuit court terminated petitioner’s parental rights.2 It is from the
dispositional order that petitioner appeals.

       The Court has previously established the following standard of review:

               “Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
       novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
       facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
       evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether
       such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a
       reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when,
       although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire
       evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been
       committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply
       because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if
       the circuit court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record



       2
       The parental rights of both parents to both children were terminated below. According to
the DHHR, the permanency plan for the children is adoption by the maternal grandparents.
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       viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223,
       470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).

Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011). Upon our review, the Court finds
no error in the circuit court’s denial of petitioner’s motion to extend his improvement period or
in the circuit court’s termination of his parental rights.

        First, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying his motion for an extension
of his improvement period. According to petitioner, he fully complied with the terms of his
improvement period and had substantially corrected the conditions of abuse and neglect by
securing a new residence free of the issues from which the prior homes suffered. The Court,
however, does not agree. Contrary to petitioner’s argument on appeal that the prior issues with
insects were corrected by moving to the current residence, the record shows that both parents
specifically testified to finding cockroaches on the mother’s walker while at her doctor’s office.
This incident took place after petitioner’s move to the new residence. The record also shows that
petitioner admitted that he failed to take all appropriate steps recommended to ensure that the
parents did not transport insects from one home to another, such as failing to set traps in the new
residence prior to moving belongings there and bringing a television from the old residence to
the new residence against advice regarding insects’ ability to live inside electronic devices.

        Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 49-4-610(6), a circuit court may extend an
improvement period granted at disposition upon a finding that the parent “has substantially
complied with the terms of the improvement period[,]” among other requirements. Here, the
record is clear that petitioner failed to substantially comply with the terms of his improvement
period. As noted above, in the months leading to the dispositional hearing, petitioner moved
from one uninhabitable home to a suitable home, which he and the mother then rendered
uninhabitable. Moreover, after securing a second suitable home, petitioner and the mother failed
to take the appropriate precautions to protect this home from also becoming uninhabitable. Based
upon this evidence, it is clear that petitioner failed to substantially comply with the terms of his
improvement period, as evidenced by the persistent nature of the underlying conditions of abuse
and neglect present throughout the proceedings. Accordingly, the circuit court did not err in
denying petitioner’s motion to extend his improvement period.

       Finally, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in terminating his parental rights
because it failed to consider less-restrictive dispositional alternatives. According to petitioner,
because he corrected the conditions of abuse and neglect present in the home, the circuit court
should have been precluded from terminating his parental rights. We do not agree. Pursuant to
West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(c)(3), a situation in which there is no reasonable likelihood the
conditions of abuse and neglect can be substantially corrected includes one in which

       [t]he abusing parent . . . [has] not responded to or followed through with a
       reasonable family case plan or other rehabilitative efforts of social, medical,
       mental health or other rehabilitative agencies designed to reduce or prevent the
       abuse or neglect of the child, as evidenced by the continuation or insubstantial
       diminution of conditions which threatened the health, welfare or life of the child .
       ...

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The circuit court made this finding in regard to petitioner, based upon his inability to implement
the skills taught through services and the continued presence of the conditions giving rise to the
petition. According to the circuit court, the parents “occupied three . . . separate homes since the
filing of the petition, two of which were found to be in deplorable condition.” As to the third
residence, the circuit court heard testimony that the parents failed to take appropriate steps to
prevent another insect infestation and had, in fact, already witnessed insects that were
transported from their prior residence.

        Based upon the evidence, the circuit court found that petitioner had “an inability to
follow directions of the providers and [was] unable to commit to the programs” the DHHR
offered to remedy the conditions of abuse and neglect. As such, the circuit court had sufficient
evidence upon which to find that there was no reasonable likelihood petitioner could
substantially correct the conditions of abuse and neglect. The circuit court also found that
termination of petitioner’s parental rights was necessary for the children’s welfare. Pursuant to
West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(b)(6), circuit courts are directed to terminate a parent’s parental
rights upon such findings. We have also held as follows:

               “Termination of parental rights, the most drastic remedy under the
       statutory provision covering the disposition of neglected children, W. Va.Code [§]
       49-6-5 [now West Virginia Code § 49-4-604] . . . may be employed without the
       use of intervening less restrictive alternatives when it is found that there is no
       reasonable likelihood under W. Va.Code [§] 49-6-5(b) [now West Virginia Code
       § 49-4-604(c)] . . . that conditions of neglect or abuse can be substantially
       corrected.” Syllabus point 2, In re R.J.M., 164 W.Va. 496, 266 S.E.2d 114 (1980).

Syl. Pt. 5, In re Kristin Y., 227 W.Va. 558, 712 S.E.2d 55 (2011).

     For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court, and its
November 22, 2016, order is hereby affirmed.


                                                                                         Affirmed.

ISSUED: May 22, 2017


CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Allen H. Loughry II
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker



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