                     UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                  MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD


KATHERINE WILL, 1                               DOCKET NUMBER
             Appellant,                         DC-0752-13-4673-I-1

             v.

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY,                         DATE: March 20, 2015
            Agency.



        THIS FINAL ORDER IS NO NPRECEDENTIAL 2

      Katherine Will, Virginia Beach, Virginia, pro se.

      Brenda Vosguanian, Esquire, and Jacquelyn Wright, Esquire, Port
        Hueneme, California, for the agency.

      Mary Sullo, Norfolk, Virginia, for the agency.

      Tracey Rockenbach, Esquire, Washington Navy Yard, D.C., for the agency.


                                      BEFORE

                         Susan Tsui Grundmann, Chairman
                            Mark A. Robbins, Member




1
 Pursuant to 5 C.F.R. § 1201.36(a), this case was part of a consolidation, NAVFAC
MI DLANT II v. Department of the Navy, MSPB Docket No. DC-0752-14-0793-I-1.
2
   A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
sign ificantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                          2

                                          FINAL ORDER
¶1        The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     affirmed the agency’s furlough action. Generally, we grant petitions such as this
     one only when: the initial decision contains erroneous findings of material fact;
     the initial decision is based on an erroneous interpretation of statute or regulation
     or the erroneous application of the law to the facts of the case; the judge’s rulings
     during either the course of the appeal or the initial decision were not consistent
     with required procedures or involved an abuse of discretion, and the resulting
     error affected the outcome of the case; or new and material evidence or legal
     argument is available that, despite the petitioner’s due diligence, was not
     available when the record closed. See Title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations,
     section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115). After fully considering the filings in this
     appeal, and based on the following points and authorities, we conclude that the
     petitioner has not established any basis under section 1201.115 for granting the
     petition for review.    Therefore, we DENY the petition for review.          Except as
     expressly modified by this Final Order to consider the appellant’s reply to the
     agency’s close of record submission, we AFFIRM the initial decision.

                                          BACKGROUND
¶2        The agency furloughed the appellant from her position as an Attorney in the
     agency’s Office of the Executive Officer Counsel for 48 hours based on “the
     extraordinary and serious budgetary challenges facing the Department of Defense
     (DOD) for the remainder of Fiscal Year (FY) 2013, the most serious of which is
     the sequester that began on March 1, 2013,” i.e., across-the-board reductions to
     federal budgetary resources caused by the Budget Control Act of 2011, as
     amended by the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012.                Initial Appeal File
     (IAF), Tab 1 at 7-15, Tab 3 at 4. The appellant filed an appeal challenging the
     furlough   action,     which   the    Board   consolidated   with    the   appeals   of
                                                                                       3

     similarly-situated employees. IAF, Tab 1; MSPB Docket No. DC-0752-14-0477-
     I-1, Consolidated Appeal File (CAF), Tab 5 at 4-6, 37.
¶3           During the course of the appeal, the administrative judge removed the
     appellant from the consolidation and adjudicated her appeal separately.         IAF,
     Tab 10, Initial Decision (ID) at 2 n.2. Because the appellant did not request a
     hearing, IAF, Tab 1 at 2, the administrative judge issued an initial decision based
     on the written record, affirming the furlough action, ID at 2, 11. He found that
     the furlough action promoted the efficiency of the service and that the agency
     used fair and even criteria in structuring the furlough. ID at 10. He also found
     that the appellant failed to prove her affirmative defense. ID at 7-10; IAF, Tab 3
     at 4.
¶4           The appellant has filed a petition for review. Petition for Review (PFR)
     File, Tab 1. The agency has filed a response in opposition to the petition for
     review, PFR File, Tab 3, to which the appellant has replied, PFR File, Tab 4.

                      DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW
¶5           On review, the appellant claims that the agency submitted a new argument
     in its close of record submission and that, pursuant to the administrative judge’s
     close of record order and 5 C.F.R. § 1201.58(c), she was entitled to provide a
     reply. PFR File, Tab 1 at 4-5, Tab 4 at 4-6; IAF, Tab 6. She claims, however,
     that the administrative judge issued an initial decision in the matter only
     1 business day after the close of the record and before she had a reasonable
     opportunity to file a reply. PFR File, Tab 1 at 4. She therefore asks the Board to
     withdraw the initial decision and reopen the record for consideration of her reply.
     Id. Although we do not agree with the appellant’s contention that the agency’s
     close of record submission contained a “new argument” such that she was entitled
     to a rebuttal under 5 C.F.R. § 1201.58(c)(2), we nevertheless have considered her
     reply, which she submitted as an attachment to her petition for review. PFR File,
     Tab 1 at 7-10.
                                                                                      4

¶6        In her reply to the agency’s close of record submission and in her petition
     for review, the appellant argues that the “agency” in this appeal should be defined
     as DOD, and not the Department of the Navy (Navy), in analyzing the efficiency
     of the service standard. Id. at 4-10. She argues, consequently, that DOD failed to
     prove that the furlough promoted the efficiency of the service because the Navy
     failed to submit evidence in this appeal that DOD applied the furlough in a fair
     and even manner. Id. The appellant claims, for instance, that the exception from
     the furlough of tornado victims employed by the Department of the Air Force (Air
     Force) was improper and proves that the furlough was not implemented fairly
     across the entirety of DOD. Id. at 8-10. In the alternative, the appellant argues
     that, should the “agency” in this appeal be defined as the Navy, it cannot satisfy
     the efficiency of the service standard because the record establishes that the Navy
     had adequate funding to avoid furloughing its employees. Id. at 9-10. For the
     reasons set forth below, we find the appellant’s arguments unavailing. 3
¶7        The Board has jurisdiction over an appealable action taken by an “agency.”
     See 5 U.S.C. §§ 7513(a), (d), 7701(a). Here, contrary to the appellant’s assertion,
     the furlough action was taken by her employing agency—the Navy. IAF, Tab 1 at
     1, 7-8, 10-13; see Yee v. Department of the Navy, 121 M.S.P.R. 686, ¶ 10 (2014);
     see also Aguzie v. Office of Personnel Management, 116 M.S.P.R. 64, ¶ 11 n.5
     (2011) (finding, in the context of 5 U.S.C. § 7513(a), that the term “agency”
     means the employing agency). The issue, therefore, is whether the Navy proved
     that the furlough promoted the efficiency of the service. See Kelly v. Department
     of the Army, 121 M.S.P.R. 408, ¶ 14 (2014).
¶8        An agency satisfies the efficiency of the service standard by showing, in
     general, that the furlough was a reasonable management solution to the financial
     restrictions placed on it and that it applied its determination as to which
     employees to furlough in a “fair and even manner.” Lopez v. Department of the
     3
       The appellant does not challenge, and we discern no basis to disturb, the
     administrative judge’s finding that she failed to prove her affirmative defense.
                                                                                     5

      Navy, 121 M.S.P.R. 647, ¶ 15 (2014). A “fair and even manner” means that the
      agency applied the adverse action furlough uniformly and consistently. Id. This
      does not mean that the agency is required to apply the furlough in such a way as
      to satisfy the Board’s sense of equity. Id. Rather, it means that the agency is
      required to treat similar employees similarly and to justify any deviations with
      legitimate management reasons. Id.
¶9         Here, we find ample support in the record that the furlough was a
      reasonable management solution to the financial restrictions placed on the Navy
      by DOD and that the Navy applied its determination as to which employees to
      furlough in a fair and even manner. CAF, Tab 6 (Declaration of the deciding
      official); Department of the Navy Administrative Record for FY 2013 Furlough
      Appeals, available at http://www.mspb.gov/furloughappeals/navy2013.htm (last
      visited March 2, 2015), Tab 1 at 1-11 (Declaration of the Under Secretary of
      Defense), Tab 2 at 12-18 (Declaration of the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary
      of the Navy), Tab 12 at 105-07 (May 14, 2013 Memorandum from the Secretary
      of Defense). Because the Navy took the furlough action, it is not obligated, as
      the appellant alleges, to show that the furlough was applied in a fair and even
      manner across the entire DOD.      PFR File, Tab 1 at 4-10, Tab 4 at 8-17; see
      Kelly, 121 M.S.P.R. 408, ¶ 14 (finding that the issue is whether the agency that
      took the furlough action proved that the furlough promoted the efficiency of the
      service, not whether the government as a whole met that requirement). Therefore,
      the appellant’s argument concerning the exception from the furlough of tornado
      victims employed by the Air Force is not relevant to her appeal.
¶10        Concerning the appellant’s alternate argument that the Navy had adequate
      funding to avoid furloughing its employees, the Board has found that it was
      reasonable for DOD to consider its budget situation holistically, rather than
      isolating each military department’s situation, in making its furlough decisions.
      Yee, 121 M.S.P.R. 686, ¶ 14. Accordingly, we find that the Navy has satisfied the
      efficiency of the service standard and we affirm the furlough action.
                                                                                  6

                   NOTICE TO THE APPELLANT REGARDING
                      YOUR FURTHER REVIEW RIGHTS
     The initial decision, as supplemented by this Final Order, constitutes the
Board's final decision in this matter. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113. You have the right to
request the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit to review this
final decision.    You must submit your request to the court at the following
address:
                           United States Court of Appeals
                               for the Federal Circuit
                             717 Madison Place, N.W.
                              Washington, DC 20439

     The court must receive your request for review no later than 60 calendar
days after the date of this order. See 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(A) (as rev. eff. Dec.
27, 2012). If you choose to file, be very careful to file on time. The court has
held that normally it does not have the authority to waive this statutory deadline
and that filings that do not comply with the deadline must be dismissed. See
Pinat v. Office of Personnel Management, 931 F.2d 1544 (Fed. Cir. 1991).
     If you need further information about your right to appeal this decision to
court, you should refer to the federal law that gives you this right. It is found in
Title 5 of the United States Code, section 7703 (5 U.S.C. § 7703) (as rev. eff.
Dec. 27, 2012). You may read this law as well as other sections of the United
States     Code,    at   our     website,   http://www.mspb.gov/appeals/uscode.htm.
Additional         information         is     available     at      the      court’s
website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov. Of particular relevance is the court’s “Guide
for Pro Se Petitioners and Appellants,” which is contained within the
court’s Rules of Practice, and Forms 5, 6, and 11.
     If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for your court
appeal, you may visit our website at http://www.mspb.gov/probono for a list of
attorneys who have expressed interest in providing pro bono representation for
Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the court. The Merit Systems
                                                                           7

Protection Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor
warrants that any attorney will accept representation in a given case.




FOR THE BOARD:                            ______________________________
                                          William D. Spencer
                                          Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.
