                               Fourth Court of Appeals
                                       San Antonio, Texas

                                                 OPINION
                                           No. 04-15-00242-CV

                       IN RE UNIVERSITY OF THE INCARNATE WORD

                                    Original Mandamus Proceeding 1

Opinion by:       Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice

Sitting:          Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice
                  Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice
                  Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice

Delivered and Filed: June 24, 2015

PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDAMUS CONDITIONALLY GRANTED

           On April 21, 2015, relator University of the Incarnate Word filed a petition for writ of

mandamus complaining of the trial court’s order granting plaintiffs’ motion to compel discovery

responses. Relator contends in this original proceeding that the challenged order was entered in

violation of an automatic stay prompted by the perfection of UIW’s interlocutory appeal from a

prior order denying its plea to the jurisdiction. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN.

§ 51.014(a)(8) (West 2015). Because we conclude an automatic stay is in effect during the

pendency of UIW’s interlocutory appeal, the trial court’s entry of the challenged discovery order

after perfection of the interlocutory appeal constitutes an abuse of discretion for which UIW has



1
  This proceeding arises out of Cause No. 2014-CI-07249, styled Valerie Redus, Individually and Robert Redus,
Individually and as Administrator of the Estate of Robert Cameron Redus v. University of the Incarnate Word and
Christopher Carter, pending in the 150th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas, the Honorable David A.
Canales presiding.
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no adequate remedy at law. See In re Tex. Educ. Agency, 441 S.W.3d 747, 748 (Tex. App.—Austin

2014, orig. proceeding). Therefore, we conditionally grant mandamus relief.

                                        BACKGROUND

       Plaintiffs, Valerie and Robert Redus, filed suit against UIW and campus police officer

Christopher Carter in May 2014 alleging negligence, gross negligence and wrongful death and

survival actions in connection with the 2013 shooting death of their son, Cameron Redus. UIW

filed a timely answer and, three days later, filed a notice of removal to the District Court for the

Western District of Texas, San Antonio Division. See 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a). The basis for removal

was UIW’s contention that the Redus’s petition raised a federal question. See 28 U.S.C. § 1331;

42 U.S.C. § 1983 (providing for civil action for deprivation of Constitutional rights). After

concluding that the plaintiffs’ petition and allegations arose from state law and did not create

federal subject matter jurisdiction, the federal district court entered an order of remand on

November 25, 2014, returning the case to state court. See 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c).

       In February 2015, UIW filed a plea to the jurisdiction in state court, asserting it is entitled

to governmental immunity from the Redus’s claims because UIW falls within the definition of a

“governmental unit” as provided in the Texas Tort Claims Act. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE

ANN. § 101.001(3) (West Supp. 2014). The trial court denied the plea to the jurisdiction on March

2, 2015. The following day, UIW filed notice of an interlocutory appeal from the denial of its plea

to the jurisdiction. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 51.014(a)(8). The interlocutory

appeal is presently pending before this court in Appeal No. 04-15-00120-CV, styled University of

the Incarnate Word v. Valerie Redus, et al.

       On March 31, 2015, the plaintiffs filed a motion to compel discovery responses from UIW.

The presiding judge orally granted the plaintiffs’ motion to compel on April 15, and later signed a

written order on May 1, 2015. The written order required UIW to provide responses to the
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plaintiffs’ second requests for production by May 15, 2015. UIW filed this original proceeding

challenging the trial court’s order compelling discovery responses during the pendency of UIW’s

interlocutory appeal. We stayed the challenged discovery order pending the determination of this

original mandamus proceeding and requested a response to the mandamus petition.

                                           ANALYSIS

Applicable Law

       Mandamus relief is appropriate “to correct a clear abuse of discretion or the violation of a

duty imposed by law when there is no other adequate remedy by law.” Johnson v. Fourth Court of

Appeals, 700 S.W.2d 916, 917 (Tex. 1985). The trial court’s clear failure to correctly analyze or

apply the law will constitute an abuse of discretion which is correctable by mandamus. Walker v.

Packer, 827 S.W.2d 833, 839 (Tex. 1992).

       The Civil Practice and Remedies Code provides for an appeal from an interlocutory order

which “grants or denies a plea to the jurisdiction by a governmental unit as that term is defined by

Section 101.001.” See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 51.014(a)(8). An interlocutory appeal

under this section triggers a stay of all proceedings in the trial court pending final determination

of the appeal. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 51.014(b) (West 2015). The automatic stay

is only available, however, when the plea to the jurisdiction was filed, and a hearing requested,

within a defined timeframe. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 51.014(c) (West 2015). To

trigger the automatic stay, the plea to the jurisdiction must have been filed and a hearing requested

no later than the date set in a scheduling order, if any, or 180 days after the defendant’s original

answer or first other responsive pleading. Id.

Issue Presented

       The issue in this mandamus proceeding is whether the trial court abused its discretion by

signing an order compelling discovery responses during the pendency of UIW’s interlocutory
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appeal. The record reflects that the challenged order was signed after UIW had filed its notice of

interlocutory appeal. The issue we must decide is whether UIW is entitled to the automatic stay as

provided by section 51.014(c).

       The real parties in interest assert two reasons why the automatic stay should not apply in

this instance: (1) because UIW filed its plea to the jurisdiction more than 180 days after its original

answer; and (2) because UIW is not a “governmental unit.” Among the issues to be determined in

the pending interlocutory appeal is whether UIW is a “governmental unit.” This determination will

be required both with respect to the merits of UIW’s interlocutory appeal and with respect to the

appellees’ motion to dismiss the interlocutory appeal for lack of jurisdiction. Because we conclude

this issue is most appropriately decided in the context of the interlocutory appeal, we do not address

it in this original proceeding. In this mandamus proceeding, we address only whether UIW’s plea

to the jurisdiction was filed within the timeframe required by section 51.014(c), such that the

interlocutory appeal from its denial triggered an automatic stay of all proceedings in the trial court.

Effect of Removal to Federal Court

       Although we have found no cases addressing the specific time frame at issue in this

proceeding, other Texas courts have held that state court time periods and deadlines are generally

suspended by removal to federal court. See, e.g., Brogdon v. Ruddell, 717 S.W.2d 675, 676-77

(Tex. App.—Texarkana 1986, writ ref’d n.r.e.) (deadline for perfecting interlocutory appeal); see

also Henke Grain Co. v. Keenan, 658 S.W.2d 343, 346 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1983, no writ).

Upon remand, the state court is to proceed from the point reached in the state court action prior to

removal, as if no interruption had occurred. Brogdon, 717 S.W.2d at 677. The Texas Supreme

Court has held that remand is complete and state court jurisdiction revests when the federal court

executes the order of remand and mails a certified copy to the state court. Quaestor Investments,

Inc. v. State of Chiapas, 997 S.W.2d 226, 229 (Tex. 1999).
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       The real parties in interest assert that UIW could have filed its plea to the jurisdiction in

federal court during the period of removal, thus avoiding any question as to its timeliness. The

federal court, however, could not have considered UIW’s plea prior to its determination of federal

subject matter jurisdiction. The state court likewise would have had no power to consider the plea

prior to remand. 28 U.S.C. § 1446(d) (“the state court shall proceed no further unless and until the

case is remanded”); Murray v. Ford Motor Co., 770 F.2d 461, 463 (5th Cir. 1985) (actions taken

by state court after removal are void); Meyerland Co. v. F.D.I.C., 848 S.W.2d 82, 83 (Tex. 1993)

(dismissal order entered after removal is void); see also Henke Grain Co., 658 S.W.2d at 346. Had

the plea been filed in state court during the period of removal, it would not have been effective

until after remand. See Henke Grain Co., 658 S.W.2d at 346 (motion filed in state court after

removal may be held and will become effective only in the event of remand). Because the state

court resumes from the point reached prior to remand as if no interruption had occurred, the

timeliness of a plea filed during the period of removal would be calculated without considering

the time spent in federal court. Although UIW could have filed its plea to the jurisdiction during

the period of removal, we conclude that doing so would not have changed the calculation of its

timeliness.

       In this instance, UIW’s notice of removal was filed three days after its original answer. Its

plea to the jurisdiction was filed 80 days after the federal court’s order of remand. Thus, when the

period of removal is not considered, UIW’s plea to the jurisdiction was filed 83 days after its

original answer. The trial court denied the plea to the jurisdiction on March 2, 2015, 97 days after

UIW’s answer. Because UIW’s plea to the jurisdiction was filed, heard, and determined by the

trial court within the 180-day time period required by section 51.014(c) when the removal period

is not considered, we conclude UIW is entitled to the automatic stay while its interlocutory appeal

from the denial of its plea to the jurisdiction is pending.
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Automatic Stay

       “[T]he stay set forth in section 51.014 is statutory and allows no room for discretion.”

Sheinfeld, Maley & Kay, P.C. v. Bellush, 61 S.W.3d 437, 439 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2001, no

pet.). The trial court abuses its discretion in conducting hearings and signing orders in violation of

the automatic stay of “all other proceedings in the trial court.” Tex. Educ. Agency, 441 S.W.3d at

750. There is no dispute that the challenged order was signed after UIW’s notice of interlocutory

appeal. We conclude the trial court’s order compelling discovery responses was an abuse of the

trial court’s discretion because it was entered in violation of the automatic stay. See id.

No Adequate Remedy by Appeal

       Having determined that the trial court abused its discretion in signing the challenged order,

we must also consider whether UIW has an adequate remedy by appeal. The challenged order is

not an appealable interlocutory order. The only basis UIW asserted in opposition to the motion to

compel was that any action on the motion would violate the automatic stay. The challenged order

has the effect of taking away UIW’s statutory right to an automatic stay of all trial court

proceedings while this court determines the jurisdictional issues raised in the interlocutory appeal.

This right, once violated, cannot be recovered by appeal. See, e.g., In re State Farm Mut. Auto.

Ins. Co., 192 S.W.3d 897, 903 (Tex. App.—Tyler, orig. proceeding). Therefore, we conclude UIW

has no adequate remedy by law.

                                          CONCLUSION

       The trial court’s order compelling discovery responses was entered in violation of the

automatic stay under section 51.014(b). The order constitutes a clear abuse of the trial court’s

discretion for which UIW has no adequate remedy by appeal because UIW’s loss of its statutory

right to an automatic stay cannot be remedied by appeal once it has been lost.



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        Accordingly, we conditionally grant the petition for writ of mandamus and direct the trial

court to vacate its order compelling discovery responses, signed May 1, 2015, in accordance with

this opinion. We are confident the trial court will comply. The writ will issue only if we are notified

of the trial court’s failure to do as directed within fifteen days from the date of this court’s order.


                                                    Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice




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