                     United States Court of Appeals
                            FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
                                    ___________

                                    No. 04-3143
                                    ___________

United States of America,                *
                                         *
             Appellee,                   *
                                         * Appeal from the United States
      v.                                 * District Court for the
                                         * Southern District of Iowa.
Leo William Anderson,                    *
                                         *     [UNPUBLISHED]
             Appellant.                  *
                                    ___________

                              Submitted: November 4, 2005
                                 Filed: November 17, 2005
                                  ___________

Before BYE, McMILLIAN, and RILEY, Circuit Judges.
                            ___________

PER CURIAM.

       Leo William Anderson (Anderson) appeals the sentence imposed by the district
court upon his guilty plea to conspiring with others to distribute at least 50 grams of
a mixture or substance containing cocaine base, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1)
and 846. Anderson objected to a role enhancement, arguing Blakely v. Washington,
542 U.S. 296 (2004), required the role enhancement be based on a jury’s factual
determination. The district court overruled the objection, finding Blakely did not
affect the Guidelines; calculated a Guidelines imprisonment range of 262 to 327
months (which included a role enhancement); and pronounced an initial sentence of
262 months in prison. Upon the government’s substantial-assistance motion, the
court stated 52 months was an appropriate reduction, and reduced the sentence to 210
months’ imprisonment and 5 years’ supervised release. On appeal, Anderson renews
his Blakely argument.

      The district court sentenced Anderson under a mandatory Guidelines system.
This was error under United States v. Booker, 125 S. Ct. 738, 756-57 (2005), and
Anderson preserved the error, see United States v. Pirani, 406 F.3d 543, 549 (8th Cir.
2005) (en banc) (Booker error preserved by, inter alia, raising Blakely), cert. denied,
126 S. Ct. 266 (2005). Thus, we review for harmless error. See United States v.
Archuleta, 412 F.3d 1003, 1005-06 (8th Cir. 2005). The government has the burden
to prove the error was harmless, and must show the error did not affect Anderson’s
substantial rights–i.e., the district court would have imposed the same sentence under
advisory Guidelines. See id. at 1006-07.

        The government fails to convince us the error was harmless. Anderson was
initially sentenced at the bottom of the Guidelines range, and the government has
pointed to nothing in the record that shows the district court would have imposed the
same sentence under an advisory Guidelines scheme. See United States v. Haidley,
400 F.3d 642, 644-45 (8th Cir. 2005) (holding not harmless district court’s error in
imposing sentence under mandatory Guidelines scheme where court sentenced
defendant to bottom of Guidelines range and record did not allow appeals court to
“say with any confidence” that sentence would have been same if district court had
treated Guidelines as advisory).1 Accordingly, we remand for resentencing.
                        ______________________________




      1
       The departure for substantial assistance did not render the Booker error
harmless. See United States v. Turnbough, 425 F.3d 1112, 1115 (8th Cir. 2005)
(granting substantial-assistance motion does not render Booker error harmless).

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