                              NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MAY 14 2020
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

SIMARJIT SINGH,                                  No.   17-71272

                Petitioner,                      Agency No. A205-942-126

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General,

                Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                              Submitted February 4, 2020**
                                San Francisco, California

Before: PAEZ and BEA, Circuit Judges, and JACK,*** District Judge.

      Simarjit Singh (“Singh”), a native and citizen of India, petitions for review

of a Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision affirming an Immigration

Judge’s (“IJ”) denial of his application for asylum, withholding of removal, and


      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
            The Honorable Janis Graham Jack, United States District Judge for
the Southern District of Texas, sitting by designation.
relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”).

      We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. The agency’s legal

conclusions are reviewed de novo. Santiago-Rodriguez v. Holder, 657 F.3d 820,

829 (9th Cir. 2011). We review the agency’s factual findings for substantial

evidence. Sinha v. Holder, 564 F.3d 1015, 1020 (9th Cir. 2009). Substantial

evidence review means that we must uphold a factual finding if it is “supported by

reasonable, substantial, and probative evidence in the record.” Melkonian v.

Ashcroft, 320 F.3d 1061, 1065 (9th Cir. 2003).

      At his hearing, Singh testified to two incidents of persecution he experienced

at the hands of police in Punjab. The IJ, however, found that he did not testify

credibly and thus could not meet his burden of proof for obtaining asylum and

withholding of removal. The IJ also found that Singh did not meet his burden of

proof for obtaining CAT relief. Because these findings were supported by

substantial evidence, we deny Singh’s petition for review.

      1. Singh applied for relief after May 11, 2005, therefore the REAL ID Act’s

standards regarding adverse credibility findings guide our review. See 8 U.S.C. §

1158(b)(1)(B)(iii); see also Shrestha v. Holder, 590 F.3d 1034, 1039 (9th Cir.

2010).

      At least three specific and cogent reasons supported the agency’s credibility

determination: First, Singh did not tell the truth about the extent of his ties to the


                                           2
United States in his credible fear interview. Second, Singh did not inform the

interviewing asylum officer that his father had been abducted by Punjab police,

and that the police threatened to do the same to him. Third, Singh testified

inconsistently regarding whether he was beaten during his second arrest. None of

Singh’s explanations for these inconsistencies “‘compels’” the conclusion that he

testified credibly. See Parada v. Sessions, 902 F.3d 901, 908–09 (9th Cir. 2018)

(quoting Afriyie v. Holder, 613 F.3d 924, 931 (9th Cir. 2010)).

      2. Singh also cannot succeed on his CAT claim.1 Singh argues that we

should reverse the BIA’s denial of CAT relief on the ground that the country

conditions documents “alone compel[] the conclusion” that he is more likely than

not to be tortured if he returns to India.

      Although the adverse credibility finding does not foreclose Singh’s CAT

claim, Kamalthas v. I.N.S., 251 F.3d 1279, 1284 (9th Cir. 2001), he has not

presented sufficient evidence to compel reversal of the agency’s torture-related

findings. The BIA properly considered whether there was “independent evidence

that would suffice to sustain [Singh’s] burden without regard to the evidence found

not credible.” The IJ concluded that, while “tensions continue to exist between


1
  The government maintains that Singh has waived his CAT claim because he
failed to meaningfully contest the issue in his opening brief. Because Singh
included this issue in the main text of his opening brief and argued it separately
from his asylum and withholding claims, he did not forfeit it. See Barrios v.
Holder, 581 F.3d 849, 856 n.6 (9th Cir. 2009).

                                             3
different communities in India, there is no evidence to show that Singh would

likely be the target” of torture.

          The IJ’s decision reflects that he considered Singh’s country conditions

documentation and came to a reasoned conclusion regarding the likelihood that

Singh would suffer torture. Singh has not identified anything in the record that

calls into question the IJ’s analysis of the country conditions evidence. We

therefore conclude that substantial evidence supports the agency’s denial of CAT

relief.

          Petition DENIED.




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