PRESENT: Lemons, Goodwyn, Millette, Mims, and McClanahan, JJ.
and Russell and Lacy, S.JJ.

JUDICIAL INQUIRY AND REVIEW
COMMISSION OF VIRGINIA
                                           OPINION BY
v.   Record No. 120398              JUSTICE DONALD W. LEMONS
                                        NOVEMBER 1, 2012
JACQUELINE R. WAYMACK,
JUDGE OF THE SIXTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT



      The Judicial Inquiry and Review Commission (the

"Commission") filed the present complaint against Jacqueline R.

Waymack, Judge of the Sixth Judicial District, pursuant to the

original jurisdiction of this Court set forth in Article VI,

Section 10 of the Constitution of Virginia and Virginia Code

§ 17.1-902.   The Commission asserted that its charges against

Judge Waymack for allegedly violating the Canons of Judicial

Conduct (the "Canons") are well founded in fact, and that the

violations are of sufficient gravity to constitute the basis for

censure or removal by this Court.   We conclude that there is not

clear and convincing evidence that Judge Waymack engaged in

either "misconduct" or "conduct prejudicial to the proper

administration of justice."   Va. Const. art. VI, § 10.

Therefore, we will dismiss the complaint.

                     I. FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS

      On October 11, 2011, the Commission issued a Notice

establishing formal charges ("Notice") against Judge Waymack
that she had engaged in misconduct or engaged in conduct

prejudicial to the proper administration of justice while

serving as a judge in the Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court

for the Sixth Judicial District (the "J&DR court").   Judge

Waymack was charged with alleged violations of Canons 1, 2, 2B,

and 5A(3).

                 A. The Electronic Text Messages

     The Commission alleged that on the evening of July 22,

2011, Judge Waymack sent inappropriate electronic text messages

from her cellular telephone to an employee of the City of

Hopewell District Court's clerk's office.   At the time Judge

Waymack sent the messages to the court employee, her nephew,

Joseph Waymack, was seeking his party's nomination to run for a

seat in the House of Delegates.   The nominee was to be chosen at

a meeting in Windsor, Virginia, on the following day.   According

to the Commission, Judge Waymack attempted to assist her nephew

in obtaining the nomination by sending a text message to the

court employee to ascertain whether the court employee's mother

would be attending the meeting.

     In the messages that Judge Waymack sent to the court

employee, she identified herself as "Jackie."   Judge Waymack

informed the court employee that the employee's mother had

"signed up to go to this meeting tomorrow for my nephew Joseph,"

and then asked, "[i]s your mom still awake?   Do you know if


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she's going or if it's too late for my mom to call her?"    When

the court employee informed Judge Waymack that her mother was on

vacation, Judge Waymack responded, "Serious?    Well guess she

won't be at the meeting then...Ok.   Thanks!"

     In Judge Waymack's answer to the Notice of formal charges,

she admitted that she sent the referenced message to the court

employee, and that when she sent that message her nephew was

seeking his party's nomination to run for a seat in the House of

Delegates.   Judge Waymack denied, however, that the text message

violated any Canons.   Judge Waymack further denied that her

intent in sending the message was to assist her nephew in

obtaining the nomination.

                    B. The Courtroom Appearance

     In June of 2011, the case of Carmella Brenzie v. Mark A.

Brenzie was pending in the JD&R court in Hopewell.   On June 22,

2011, Mark Brenzie ("Brenzie"), by counsel, filed a motion dated

June 9, 2011, requesting that the judges of the juvenile and

domestic relations court recuse themselves because it was well

known in the general public that Brenzie was in a "close

personal relationship with a sitting judge of this Court."     That

motion was granted, and Retired Judge Jannene L. Shannon was

designated by the Chief Justice to hear the case.

     On July 27, 2011, Judge Shannon heard the matter of

Carmella Brenzie v. Mark A. Brenzie.   Judge Waymack accompanied


                                 3
Brenzie into the courthouse and the courtroom, and she sat in a

chair at the back of the courtroom.    At the beginning of the

hearing, counsel for Carmella Brenzie ("Carmella"), Adrienne

Eliades ("Eliades"), informed Judge Shannon that a motion to

recuse had been filed in this case because it was known that

Brenzie was in a relationship with a judge from the

jurisdiction.    Eliades explained that the judge in question,

Judge Waymack, was sitting in the courtroom.     Eliades argued

that Judge Waymack was the reason for the recusal, so she should

not be permitted to be in the courtroom.

     Counsel for Brenzie, Stephen Heretick ("Heretick"),

responded that Brenzie did not plan on calling Judge Waymack as

a witness and that she was present in the courtroom merely as a

member of the public.    Judge Shannon asked Judge Waymack if she

was the judge they were describing.    Judge Waymack responded

affirmatively.   Judge Shannon then stated that she thought "it

would be better if you were not in the courtroom."     Judge

Waymack replied, "All right.    Certainly.   Certainly."   Judge

Shannon stated that she thought that would "[p]rotect at least

the appearance of propriety, even though there would be no

impropriety, per se."    Judge Waymack left the courtroom.

     In Judge Waymack's answer to the Notice, she admitted that

she attended the court hearing with Brenzie, but she denied that

doing so violated any applicable Canons.     Judge Waymack also


                                  4
alleged that she had previously contacted counsel for the

Commission through her counsel and obtained advice that it was

permissible for her to be a factual witness in related

proceedings, but not a character witness.

                        C. Prior Misconduct

     In its Notice, the Commission alleged that all of the

foregoing conduct occurred after Judge Waymack had been formally

charged by the Commission in 2004 with several violations of the

Canons, had consented to a written finding that she had violated

the Canons, had agreed to a two-year period of supervision, and

had completed the supervision period in 2007.   Judge Waymack

responded in her answer to the Notice that the prior Commission

record had no relevance or materiality to any of the issues

raised, and that it was inappropriate, prejudicial, and violated

due process and equal protection principles to reference, rely

upon, or make use of the prior Commission records in the current

proceeding.   Judge Waymack asked the Commission to refrain from

making any further use of this material.

                       D. Commission Hearing

     On February 14, 2012, the Commission conducted an

evidentiary hearing on the charges, at which time Judge Waymack

was present and represented by counsel.    Judge Waymack filed

three motions prior to the evidentiary hearing; a motion to

dismiss and motion to strike, a "motion to exclude and strike


                                 5
evidence and allegations that are irrelevant, immaterial and/or

more prejudicial than probative," and a supplemental motion to

exclude any evidence or areas of inquiry outside the scope of

issues raised in the Notice.    The Commission heard argument on

these motions and subsequently denied them.

        Judge Waymack testified at the hearing that she sent the

text messages to the court employee, Lindsay Reid ("Reid"), to

get Reid's mother's phone number.      Judge Waymack testified that

she had known Reid for many years, and they were on a "first

name basis" outside of the courtroom.     Judge Waymack testified

that her mother was trying to see if people needed a ride to the

meeting the next day, and her mother did not have a phone number

for Reid's mother.    Judge Waymack stated that she had never

discussed her nephew's campaign with Reid.

        Regarding the courtroom appearance, Judge Waymack testified

that she went to the courthouse with Brenzie because he was

"very very upset."    She stated that she went into the courtroom

to observe and sat in the back.    When Judge Shannon said it

might be best if she left the courtroom, she agreed to do so and

left.    Judge Waymack testified that because she had been

informed that it would be permissible for her to testify as a

fact witness, she believed she could come inside the courtroom

and sit silently in the back as an observer.     Judge Waymack

testified that if she thought that anyone would be intimidated


                                   6
by her presence in the courtroom, she would not have gone in.

She stated that she attended the proceeding out of concern for

her friend and to observe on his behalf.

     Carmela testified that when she saw Judge Waymack come into

the courtroom during the July 27, 2011 hearing, she was very

upset, and that having Judge Waymack in the courtroom made her

want "to vomit."   Heretick testified that before the July 27,

2011 hearing, he met briefly with Eliades.   At the conclusion of

that meeting, Eliades asked if Judge Waymack was going into the

courtroom, and said she would have a problem with Judge Waymack

being present in the courtroom.   Heretick responded that he did

not know if Judge Waymack planned on going into the courtroom,

but that he believed she was entitled to attend as a public

citizen, and that she was just there for moral support.

Heretick did not have an opportunity to tell Judge Waymack about

Eliades' concerns, because when he left his meeting with

Eliades, Judge Waymack was already in the courtroom and Judge

Shannon was on the bench.

     After the hearing, the Commission determined that Judge

Waymack violated Canons 1, 2, 2B, and 5A(3) and "that the

charges as stated in the Notice are well founded and of

sufficient gravity to constitute the basis for retirement,

censure or removal."   The Commission then directed its counsel




                                  7
to file a complaint against Judge Waymack in this Court with a

recommendation of censure.

     On March 12, 2012, the Commission filed its complaint with

this Court.   In her answer to the Commission's complaint, Judge

Waymack alleged that the evidence in the record was insufficient

to establish any violations of the Canons.   In addition, Judge

Waymack alleged that the Notice issued against her failed to

articulate any violations of the Canons, and that therefore

there was no basis for conducting a hearing at the Commission

level.   Finally, Judge Waymack asserted that there was an

insufficient basis for any form of discipline based upon the

allegations, and she asked the Court to resolve all issues in

her favor and to dismiss the Complaint.

     On March 28, 2012, Judge Waymack filed a demurrer and

motion to dismiss.   Judge Waymack asked the Court to conduct an

initial review of the Commission's complaint, make a

determination whether the Complaint was sufficient to justify

any further proceedings, and dismiss the matter with prejudice.

The Commission filed an opposing response, and argued that once

it files a complaint in this Court, this Court must conduct a

hearing in open court, and that a demurrer or motion to dismiss

had no application in this type of proceeding.   We issued an

order denying the demurrer and motion to dismiss.




                                 8
                           II. CANONS

     The relevant portions of the Canons at issue in this case

state the following:

     Canon 1:

     A Judge Should Uphold the Integrity and
     Independence of the Judiciary.

     Canon 2:

     A Judge Shall Avoid Impropriety and the
     Appearance of Impropriety in All of the Judge's
     Activities.

                          . . . .

     B. A judge shall not allow family, social,
     political or other relationships to influence the
     judge's judicial conduct or judgment. A judge
     shall not lend the prestige of judicial office to
     advance the private interests of the judge or
     others; nor shall a judge convey or permit others
     to convey the impression that they are in a
     special position to influence the judge. A judge
     shall not testify as a character witness.

     Canon 5:

     A.(3) A judge shall not engage in any other
     political activity except in behalf of measures
     to improve the law, the legal system, or the
     administration of justice.

Va. Sup. Ct. R., Part 6, § III, Canons 1, 2 and 5.

                          III. ANALYSIS

     The filing of a formal complaint by the Commission

triggered this Court's duty to conduct a hearing in open court

to determine whether Judge Waymack "engaged in misconduct while




                                9
in office, or . . . has engaged in conduct prejudicial to the

proper administration of justice."    Va. Const. art. VI, § 10.

     In conducting the hearing on the formal complaint
     filed by the Commission, this Court considers the
     evidence and makes factual determinations de
     novo. The Commission must prove its charges in
     this Court by clear and convincing evidence. The
     term "clear and convincing evidence" has been
     defined as "that measure or degree of proof which
     will produce in the mind of the trier of facts a
     firm belief or conviction as to the allegations
     sought to be established. It is intermediate,
     being more than a mere preponderance, but not to
     the extent of such certainty as is required
     beyond a reasonable doubt in criminal cases. It
     does not mean clear and unequivocal."

Judicial Inquiry & Review Comm'n v. Lewis, 264 Va. 401, 405, 568

S.E.2d 687, 689 (2002) (citations omitted).   This Court does not

accord any particular weight or deference to factual

determinations, findings and opinions of the Commission.     See

Judicial Inquiry & Review Comm'n v. Peatross, 269 Va. 428, 444,

611 S.E.2d 392, 400 (2005).   After conducting an independent

review of the record and hearing argument of counsel, we must

decide whether there is clear and convincing evidence of a

violation of the Canons as charged in the Commission's

complaint.   Id.   If we find such clear and convincing evidence,

we are required to censure or remove the judge from office.     Va.

Const. art. VI, § 10.




                                 10
                 A. The Electronic Text Messages

     Judge Waymack has admitted sending the electronic text

messages in question.   The only issue before us is whether the

sending of these messages constitutes a violation of the Canons.

Judge Waymack testified that when she sent the text messages,

she was merely attempting to get the phone number of Reid's

mother and to ascertain whether it was too late for Judge

Waymack's mother to telephone Reid's mother.    We conclude that

there was nothing in the actual language of the text messages

that was overtly political.    There is also no evidence in the

record that Reid, when she received these messages, understood

them as being political in nature.    We conclude that Judge

Waymack was not using the "prestige of judicial office"; she

merely asked a friend for a telephone number.    Therefore, we

conclude that there is not clear and convincing evidence that

this conduct violated any of the Canons.

                   B. The Courtroom Appearance

     Judge Waymack does not deny that she attended the Brenzie

hearing on July 27, 2011.    There is no dispute that Judge

Waymack and the chief judge of the district were both recused

from the matter because of Judge Waymack's close personal

relationship with Brenzie.    The Commission asserts that by

attending this hearing, Judge Waymack conveyed the impression

that she was not impartial with respect to the case or the


                                 11
parties, and that she was lending the prestige of judicial

office to Brenzie's interests.

      In support of its argument, the Commission cites to cases

from New Jersey, California, and New York where judges were

disciplined for attending court proceedings as observers.     In

the case of In re: Perskie, 24 A.3d 277 (N.J. 2011), the judge

was charged with, among other things, failing to recuse himself

when initially requested despite having a professional and

social relationship with a central witness in the case, and

appearing in the courtroom during the trial from which he had

finally recused himself.   The judge appeared twice in the

courtroom during trial and remained for an hour on each

occasion, speaking with one of the plaintiff's attorneys during

one of those occasions.    Id. at 283-84.   In Broadman v. Comm'n

on Judicial Performance, 959 P.2d 715 (Cal. 1998), the judge

attended the malpractice trial of an attorney with whom he had

an antagonistic relationship.    When a court employee asked the

judge why he had come to the trial, the judge replied that he

was "just being an asshole."     Id. at 730.   Several jurors knew

the judge and noted and discussed his presence in the courtroom.

Id.




                                  12
     The Commission also cites In re: Thwaits, 2003 Ann. Rep.

171, 171-72, (N.Y. Comm'n on Judicial Conduct, Dec. 30, 2002). *

In that case, a judge recused herself from a case because of her

relationship to the defendant but then attended the trial and

sat in the courtroom near members of the defendant's family.

This judge, however, was not censured merely for attending the

family member's trial.    Other egregious conduct was involved.

The judge reduced that same defendant's bail and modified the

protective order against him before recusing herself.

Additionally, in two other cases, one involving a family member

and one involving a social acquaintance, the judge granted

"adjournment in contemplation of dismissal" without consent or

notice to the prosecution as required by law.   In yet another

case, she dismissed charges against a family member and did not

disclose to the prosecution her familial relationship to that

defendant.   Id.

     The Commission asserts that facts surrounding Judge

Waymack's presence at the Brenzie hearing are comparable to the

facts articulated in the cases above.   We disagree.   The facts

in the cases discussed above are more troubling than the facts

before us in this case.   Here, Judge Waymack attended the


     *
       The opinion is a part of the 2003 Annual Report of the New
York State Commission on Judicial Conduct. See
http://www.cjc.ny.gov/Publications/AnnualReports/nyscjc.2003annu
alreport.pdf (last visited Sept. 19, 2012).

                                 13
hearing with her friend to observe as a member of the public.

She sat in the back of the courtroom.   Until it was called to

her attention, presiding Judge Shannon did not know who Judge

Waymack was.   As soon as Judge Shannon asked her to leave, Judge

Waymack did so.   Although Judge Waymack's decision to attend

this hearing did not "exemplify the level of professionalism

that judges in this Commonwealth should exhibit," we cannot say

that Judge Waymack's actions and conduct violated the Canons,

nor were they so egregious as to amount to judicial misconduct

or conduct that was prejudicial to the proper administration of

justice.   See Peatross, 269 Va. at 449-50, 611 S.E.2d at 404.

                         C. Prior Misconduct

     Having determined that there is insufficient evidence of a

violation of any of the Canons, we do not need to consider Judge

Waymack's argument regarding prior history with the Commission.

                           IV. CONCLUSION

     For these reasons, we hold that there is not clear and

convincing evidence showing that Judge Waymack violated the

specified Canons as charged.   Judge Waymack's actions were not

so egregious as to amount to judicial misconduct or conduct that

was prejudicial to the proper administration of justice

warranting censure or removal from office.     Therefore, we will

dismiss the complaint.

                                                          Dismissed.


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