                                   COURT OF APPEALS
                                EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
                                     EL PASO, TEXAS

                                                §
 ROSA SERRANO                                                   No. 08-15-00044-CV
 D/B/A THE LENS FACTORY,                        §
                                                                    Appeal from
                        Appellant,              §
                                                             County Court at Law No. 7
 v.                                             §
                                                             of El Paso County, Texas
 CITY BANK AND OLD REPUBLIC                     §
 NATIONAL TITLE INSURANCE                            (TC # 2015-DCV-1079/2013-DCV-3139)
 COMPANY,                                       §

                        Appellee.               §

                                     OPINION ON MOTION

       This appeal is before the Court to determine whether Appellant, Rosa Serrano, is entitled

to reversal and remand for a new trial pursuant to TEX.R.APP.P. 34.6(f) because the court

reporter and substitute court reporter are unable to produce a record of the January 5, 2015

vexatious litigant hearing. Serrano’s motion for sanctions is also under consideration.

                                     FACTUAL SUMMARY

       On January 5, 2015, the trial court conducted a hearing to address Appellees’ motions to

determine that Serrano is a vexatious litigant. Leticia Dittmar was the official court reporter of

the County Court at Law No. 7, and she transcribed that hearing. The trial court granted the

Appellees’ motions and entered four vexatious litigant orders against Serrano on January 28,
2015.1 Serrano filed her notice of appeal from those orders on February 5, 2015, and the

appellate record was due to be filed on or before March 29, 2015.2 TEX.R.APP.P. 35.1. The

clerk’s record was timely filed on March 27, 2015.

        In an order entered on April 14, 2015, the Court resolved a jurisdictional issue and

ordered that the reporter’s record would be due on June 27, 2015. Dittmar filed an extension

request a few days after the due date. The Court granted the request and extended the deadline

for filing the reporter’s record to July 27, 2015. Dittmar filed a letter on July 30, 2015 stating

that she had not prepared the reporter’s record because Serrano had asked her to stop working on

it. The Clerk of the Court sent notice to the parties inquiring whether any other party intended to

file the reporter’s record. The letter also advised the parties that if no reporter’s record was

going to be filed, Serrano’s brief became due on April 26, 2015, thirty days after the clerk’s

record was filed. See TEX.R.APP.P. 38.6(a). Old Republic did not file a response, but City Bank

notified the Court that it did not intend to request the reporter’s record. Approximately one week

later, Serrano filed a motion to stay the appeal and compel the trial court to enter findings of fact

and conclusions of law. Following the denial of this motion, Serrano filed a motion requesting

an extension of time to file both the reporter’s record and her brief. The Court granted the

motion and extended the time for filing the reporter’s record to October 9, 2015.

        On October 22, 2015, Dittmar requested a third extension, stating that she had not

finished the record in this case because she was working on other records for Serrano. We

granted the request and extended the deadline to November 21, 2015. The reporter’s record was



1
   In two of the orders, the trial court determined that Appellant is a vexatious litigant and ordered her to post
security for the benefit of Appellees, Old Republic National Title Insurance Company and City Bank. See
TEX.CIV.PRAC.&REM.CODE ANN. § 11.051 (West 2002). The trial court also entered two orders prohibiting
Appellant from filing, in propria persona, any new litigation in any court without obtaining permission from the
local administrative judge. See TEX.CIV.PRAC.&REM.CODE ANN. § 11.101 (West 2002 & Supp. 2016).
2
  The notice of appeal was filed in the Eighth Court of Appeals on February 9, 2015.

                                                      -2-
not filed, and Dittmar, on November 30, 2015, requested an extension of ninety days to prepare

the reporter’s record. Dittmar explained that she was on medical leave for a condition that

prevented her from preparing the reporter’s record. The Court granted the request and extended

the deadline for filing the record to February 29, 2016, but we informed Dittmar and the parties

that it was a final extension.

        Shortly before 5:00 p.m. on the day the record was due to be filed, Dittmar filed a letter

informing the Court that she had retired that same date due to a medical condition and she was

unable to prepare or file the reporter’s record. We ordered the trial court to conduct a hearing to

determine whether Serrano had timely requested the record, whether the court reporter’s notes

existed, and whether another court reporter could prepare the reporter’s record from those notes.

        At the hearing, Dittmar testified that she had the stenographic notes and exhibits from the

January 5, 2015 hearing.          She also testified that Serrano had made a written request for

preparation of the reporter’s record, but she did not have a copy of that request with her. She did

not specify or recall the date of that request and Serrano did not file a copy with the trial court

clerk. Dittmar offered more details about the statement in her affidavit that she had not prepared

the record because Serrano had asked her to stop working on it. According to Dittmar, Serrano

came into her office and specifically instructed her to stop working on the record for this appeal

because she intended to file a record that would dispense with the necessity for the reporter’s

record. Additionally, Dittmar explained that Serrano instructed her to work on the records

related to other proceedings resulting in confusion on the part of Dittmar.3 When asked whether


3
   Dittmar did not specify the other proceedings, but the Court is aware that Serrano was actively pursuing other
cases during the time when Dittmar would have been working on the reporter’s record for this appeal. Serrano
appealed a temporary injunction entered by the County Court at Law No. 7 of El Paso County, Texas in cause
number 2012DCV06341. See Rosa Serrano d/b/a The Lens Factory v. Pellicano Business Park, LLC, No. 08-15-
00290-CV. Serrano filed her notice of appeal in cause number 2012DCV06341 on September 25, 2015. She also
filed several original proceedings challenging contempt orders entered in that same case. See In re Rosa Serrano,
No. 08-15-00285-CV, 2015 WL 5602626 (Tex.App.--El Paso, September 23, 2015, orig. proceeding)(filed

                                                      -3-
another court reporter could prepare the record from her stenographic notes, Dittmar answered in

the affirmative but she added that her assistance would be required. The trial court made the

following findings: (1) the reporter’s record of the January 5, 2015 vexatious litigant hearing is

necessary to the appeal; (2) Serrano requested that Dittmar prepare the record but there is no

evidence that Serrano made a timely request; (3) Dittmar is physically unable to prepare the

record due to a medical condition; (4) her notes and the exhibits from the January 5, 2015

hearing have not been lost or destroyed; and (5) the reporter’s record for the hearing could be

completed in ninety days by another court reporter with the assistance of Dittmar. The trial court

subsequently appointed Cecilia Looney to prepare and file the reporter’s record. On July 13,

2016, Dittmar filed a letter with the Court explaining that her medical condition has rendered her

unable to assist Looney with interpreting her stenographic notes and there are no audio

recordings that Looney could utilize to prepare the record of the January 5, 2015 hearing. A

little over a week later, Looney filed a letter stating that she cannot transcribe the record of the

January 5, 2015 hearing without the audio recording. Looney also offered her opinion that no

court reporter could prepare the record from the stenographic notes alone.

        The Court gave the parties an opportunity to file responses to the court reporters’ letters,

and all of the parties have done so. In her response, Serrano argues that she is entitled to a new

trial because the reporter’s record has been lost without any fault on her part. Both City Bank

and Old Republic contend that the record does not show that Serrano timely requested the

reporter’s record. Further, they assert that Serrano is at fault for the loss of the reporter’s record.




September 16, 2015); In re Rosa Serrano, 08-15-00284-CV, 2015 WL 5440820 (Tex.App.--El Paso September 16,
2015, orig. proceeding)(filed September 11, 2015); In re Rosa Serrano, 08-15-00269-CV, 2015 WL 4940045
(Tex.App.--El Paso August 19, 2015, orig. proceeding)(filed August 17, 2015).

                                                  -4-
                          SERRANO’S MOTION FOR SANCTIONS

       We begin by addressing Serrano’s motion for sanctions. She asks that we impose

sanctions against Appellees because they “intentionally misapplied” Rule 34.6 of the Texas

Rules of Appellate Procedure in their responses. We have reviewed Appellees’ responses and do

not find that they have misrepresented or misapplied the elements of Rule 34.6. Serrano’s

motion for sanctions is denied.

                        EVIDENTIARY HEARING NOT REQUIRED

       The next issue we must address is whether it is necessary to order the trial court to

conduct another evidentiary hearing. At the prior hearing, the evidence indicated that the record

had not been lost because the court reporter’s stenographic notes still existed, and Dittmar

testified that another court reporter could prepare the record from those notes with her assistance.

Unfortunately, Dittmar’s condition has worsened and she is unable to assist to Looney. Further,

Looney is unable to prepare the record without Dittmar’s assistance because there is no audio

recording of the January 5, 2015 hearing. Because these facts are undisputed, it is unnecessary

for the trial court to conduct an evidentiary hearing.

                           LOSS OF THE REPORTER’S RECORD

       Under Rule 34.6(f), a party is entitled to a new trial under the following circumstances:

       (1) if the appellant has timely requested a reporter’s record;

       (2) if, without the appellant’s fault, a significant exhibit or a significant portion of
       the court reporter’s notes and records has been lost or destroyed or--if the
       proceedings were electronically recorded--a significant portion of the recording
       has been lost or destroyed or is inaudible;

       (3) if the lost, destroyed, or inaudible portion of the reporter’s record, or the lost
       or destroyed exhibit, is necessary to the appeal’s resolution; and

       (4) if the lost, destroyed or inaudible portion of the reporter’s record cannot be
       replaced by agreement of the parties, or the lost or destroyed exhibit cannot be

                                                -5-
           replaced either by agreement of the parties or with a copy determined by the trial
           court to accurately duplicate with reasonable certainty the original exhibit.

TEX.R.APP.P. 34.6(f). Serrano focuses on the second element, but she is not entitled to a new

trial unless all four circumstances are present.

           Rule 34.6(b) requires the appellant to make a written request for preparation of the

reporter’s record. TEX.R.APP.P. 34.6(b)(1). In this written request, the appellant must designate

both the exhibits and the portion of the proceedings to be included in the record. Id. Further, the

appellant must file a copy of the written request with the trial court clerk.          TEX.R.APP.P.

34.6(b)(2). Based on the evidence presented at the Rule 34.6(f) hearing, the trial court found that

Serrano had made a request for the court reporter to prepare the record, but there was no

evidence that her request was timely. In his written findings of fact and conclusions of law, the

trial court ordered Serrano to file with the district clerk true and correct copies of all written

requests made by her for the reporter’s record for the vexatious litigant hearing.

           We ordered the district clerk to file a supplemental clerk’s record containing any written

requests by Serrano for the reporter’s record. The supplemental clerk’s record does not show

that Serrano made a written request for preparation of the reporter’s record in 2015 when she

filed the notice of appeal. It contains what appears to be a new written request filed by Serrano

on August 22, 2016.4 To the extent Serrano’s failure to make a timely written request and

designation of the record delayed Dittmar’s preparation of the record, it will be considered in our

analysis of the second element.

           Serrano maintains that the record has been lost without any fault on her part. It is

undisputed that Dittmar is physically unable to work on the record, and Looney has informed the

Court that she is unable to prepare the record from the stenographic notes. Given the absence of


4
    The certificate of service reflects that Serrano served it on August 22, 2016.

                                                           -6-
an audio recording of the hearing, we conclude that the reporter’s record is lost. See Johnson v.

State, 151 S.W.3d 193, 196 (Tex.Crim.App. 2004) (holding that court reporter’s notes are lost

for purposes of Rule 34.6 when the missing portions of record are irretrievable).

       The only remaining issue is whether the record has been lost without any fault on the part

of Serrano. It is unclear when Serrano requested preparation of the record or when Dittmar

began working on it. There is evidence that Dittmar began working on the record at some point

prior to July 30, 2015. Dittmar was not then suffering from the medical condition that later

forced her to retire, and she could have prepared and filed the reporter’s record. Serrano,

however, specifically instructed her to stop working on the record because she apparently

believed it was unnecessary to the appeal. Further, Serrano asked Dittmar to prepare records

related to other proceedings. By the time Serrano renewed her request for preparation of the

record, Dittmar had begun experiencing symptoms of the medical condition that ultimately

prevented her from preparing the record or assisting another court reporter to prepare the record.

While the loss of the record is not entirely the fault of Serrano, we cannot ignore that she failed

to request preparation of the record within the timeframe contemplated by the Rules of Appellate

Procedure, she intentionally stopped the court reporter’s preparation of the record at a point in

time when the court reporter had the physical ability to prepare the record, and she instructed the

court reporter to work on records related to other proceedings. The resulting delay directly

contributed to the loss of the record. We are unable to find that the record has been lost without

any fault on the part of Serrano. Given that Serrano has failed to establish the first two elements

under Rule 34.6(f), she is not entitled to reversal of the four vexatious litigant orders and remand

for a new trial. The appeal will be determined without a reporter’s record. Serrano’s brief is due

to be filed no later than thirty days from the date of this opinion.



                                                 -7-
                                       PER CURIAM

August 25, 2016

Before McClure, C.J., Rodriguez, and Hughes, JJ.
Hughes, J., not participating




                                            -8-
