                                                                     FILED
                                                                 JANUARY 25, 2018
                                                             In the Office of the Clerk of Court
                                                            WA State Court of Appeals, Division III




            IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
                               DIVISION THREE

ROY BROOKS STODDARD, in his                  )
individual capacity, and as Trustee of the   )       No. 35038-0-III
Roy B. Stoddard Revocable Living Trust       )
and as a shareholder of S & N Logging,       )
Inc. and Newman Logging, Inc.,               )
                                             )
                     Appellant,              )       UNPUBLISHED OPINION
                                             )
       v.                                    )
                                             )
S & N LOGGING, INC. a Washington             )
Corporation, NEWMAN LOGGING INC.             )
a Washington Corporation, and DONALD         )
D. NEWMAN, an individual, and his            )
capacity as Trustee of the Don Newman        )
Revocable Living Trust,                      )
                                             )
                     Respondents,            )
       and                                   )
                                             )
S & N LOGGING, INC. a Washington             )
Corporation, and NEWMAN LOGGING              )
INC., a Washington Corporation               )
                                             )
                     Defendants.             )


       FEARING, C.J. — Twenty years after he assigned shares in S&N Logging, Inc. to

the corporation and six years after the renamed corporation dissolved, Roy Stoddard sues

the corporation, the renamed corporation, and the remaining shareholder. Stoddard seeks
No. 35038-0-III
Stoddard v. S&N Logging


an accounting for corporation affairs, a judicial dissolution of the corporation, and a

distribution of its assets. The trial court dismissed the action based on a statute of

limitations, RCW 23B.14.340. We affirm on the same ground.

                                           FACTS

       We purloin the facts from declarations signed by plaintiff Roy Stoddard, defendant

Donald Newman, and a former attorney for defendant S&N Logging, Roger Castelda.

Many of the facts hold little relevance to dismissal of the suit on the statute of limitations,

but stage a confusing background needed to be sorted if a court addressed the merits of

Roy Stoddard’s claims.

       In 1992, Roy Stoddard and Donald Newman formed S&N Logging, Inc. a

Washington corporation. Other than a hint supplied by the corporate name, the record

does not disclose the nature of the business of the corporation.

       In 1994, S&N Logging issued twenty-five percent of its stock to Roy Stoddard in

exchange for a capital contribution. The corporation issued the remaining corporate

shares to its president, Donald Newman. In turn, Stoddard assigned his stock shares to

the Roy B. Stoddard Revocable Living Trust (Stoddard Trust), and Newman assigned his

shares to the Don Newman Revocable Living Trust (Newman Trust). Roy Stoddard and

his wife Jackie were trustors, trustees and beneficiaries of the Stoddard Trust. Jackie

served as corporate secretary-treasurer.

       In 1995, the United States charged Roy Stoddard with crimes stemming from a

                                              2
No. 35038-0-III
Stoddard v. S&N Logging


conspiracy to grow, produce, and distribute marijuana. United States v. Stoddard, 111

F.3d 1450 (9th Cir.1997). Stoddard trafficked mass quantities of Okanogan County

marijuana into Canada. Stoddard remained in prison throughout the pendency of the

federal prosecution and thereafter. He borrowed money from S&N Logging to pay his

attorney fees. Jackie Stoddard divorced Roy while he reposed in prison. Roy Stoddard

claims that Jackie began a romantic relationship with Don Newman.

       During Roy Stoddard’s federal trial in early 1997, Mark Vovos, Stoddard’s

criminal defense attorney, applied for court-appointed legal fees since Stoddard no longer

possessed funds to pay fees. Presumably S&N Logging rejected Stoddard’s second loan

application. Vovos warned Stoddard that, with Stoddard receiving federal funds for his

defense, the Internal Revenue Service would investigate Stoddard’s personal assets.

Stoddard then told Donald Newman and Stoddard’s former wife Jackie that he must

safeguard his assets from law enforcement.

       According to Don Newman, Roy Stoddard, in order to retire his debt to the

corporation, asked to assign his shares of stock to the corporation, at which time he

would no longer assume a role in the corporation. Newman’s declaration suggests that

Stoddard would assign stock personally owned by him and does not recognize that the

Stoddard Trust then owned the stock. According to Newman, Stoddard assigned all of

his interest in S&N Logging stock and additional property to the corporation because of

the debt owed to the corporation in defending the marijuana charges. He claims exhibit B

                                             3
No. 35038-0-III
Stoddard v. S&N Logging


to his declaration confirms the assignment of the shares of stock.

       Attached as exhibit D to Donald Newman’s declaration is a one-page sheet that

Newman characterizes as S&N Logging corporate meeting minutes. The handwritten

sheet states that Roy Stoddard would assign his shares in S&N Logging to the Donald

Newman Revocable Living Trust to pay for lawyer fees and ranch fees. No one signed

the minutes.

       Exhibit B to the Don Newman declaration is a document entitled “Assignment.”

According to the document, Roy Stoddard and Jackie Stoddard, on January 16, 1997,

individually assigned 48,142.50 shares of stock in S&N Logging, Inc. to the corporation.

The assignment is on stationery of Tonasket attorney, Roger Castelda. The assignment

also covers cattle and farm equipment. Someone interlineated the first signature of Roy

Stoddard on the assignment, and Stoddard signed a second time.

       Exhibit C to Don Newman’s declaration consists of both sides of a stock

certificate. The front side of the certificate represents that Stoddard Trust owns

48,142.50 shares of stock in S&N Logging. The back side of the certificate shows a

transfer of the shares, on February 6, 1997, from Roy and Jackie Stoddard to the Newman

Trust. The Stoddards endorse the certificate in their individual names, not as trustees of

the Stoddard Trust. A sergeant in the Spokane County jail witnessed Roy’s signature.

We do not understand why the Stoddards would transfer stock to the Newman Trust that

it already assigned to S&N Logging. The records on appeal contain no transfer of stock

                                             4
No. 35038-0-III
Stoddard v. S&N Logging


from the Stoddard Trust to either the Newman Trust or S&N Logging, unless exhibit C

constitutes such a transfer.

       According to attorney Roger Castelda, Mark Vovos and Roy Stoddard contacted

him in January 1997. The two told Castelda that Stoddard must show that he owned no

stock in S&N Logging. Castelda does not indicate whether this need to disclaim

ownership extended to showing the lack of any stock owned by the Stoddard Trust. We

assume that the Internal Revenue Service would investigate assets held in a revocable

trust, in which Roy Stoddard was trustor, trustee, and beneficiary. We also wonder if

Stoddard needed to sign a financial statement in order to gain government funds for his

defense, and, if so, Stoddard disclosed his interest in the Stoddard Trust on the statement.

We further question if any financial statement would demand that Stoddard disclose any

recent transfers of assets.

       According to Roger Castelda, he drafted an assignment of the stock certificate

naming “Don Newman Revocable Living Trust” as the assignee of an unspecified

number of shares of stock in S&N Logging, Inc. Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 65.

Nevertheless, the assignment on his stationery, exhibit B to Don Newman’s declaration,

favors S&N Logging.

       According to Roger Castelda, he also drafted an assignment and UCC financing

statement to be signed by Roy B. Stoddard and Jackie L. Stoddard in their individual

capacities to document their lack of any individual ownership in the stock of S&N

                                             5
No. 35038-0-III
Stoddard v. S&N Logging


Logging Inc. Castelda does not attach these additional two documents to his declaration.

We do not understand why these additional documents were needed when Castelda

already prepared one assignment for the Stoddards to sign. We also do not understand

the purpose of the financing statement, since the record shows no lending transaction at

this time. Castelda declares that, in drafting the two additional documents, he did not

intend for the Stoddards to transfer the stock held by the Stoddard Trust. If the Stoddards

or the trust intended to transfer the stock held by the trust, Castelda would have drafted

documents to be signed by Roy B. Stoddard and Jackie L. Stoddard as trustees of the

Stoddard Trust.

       Donald Newman denies that Stoddard only intended to disaffirm any individual

ownership of the corporation and to keep his trust’s interest in the corporation. Newman

is “shocked” by the declaration of Castelda. CP at 23.

       Roy Stoddard claims that he never intended to assign to S&N Logging the stock

owned by the Stoddard Trust. Although he does not deny signing any transfer of stock

from the trust to the corporation, he does not believe he signed any transfer.

       Following Roy and Jackie Stoddard’s purported assignment of stock in a

corporation, in which their trust, not them, owned shares, Donald Newman changed the

corporate name to Newman Logging, Inc. on September 4, 1997. Jackie Stoddard also

transferred her shares in 1997, and, as secretary of the company, filed an annual report on

September 4, 1997, stating Roy Stoddard no longer was a shareholder. The fact that

                                             6
No. 35038-0-III
Stoddard v. S&N Logging


Jackie Stoddard owned shares is inconsistent with other testimony that the corporation

only issued shares to Roy Stoddard and Don Newman and that Roy Stoddard assigned all

his shares to the Stoddard Trust.

       Roy Stoddard remained in prison until 2008. Donald Newman operated Newman

Logging for eighteen years with no notice from Roy Stoddard that Stoddard believed

himself to be a shareholder. The Washington secretary of state administratively

dissolved Newman Logging, Inc. on July 1, 2010.

       Public title records indicate Newman Logging, Inc. owns at least ten parcels of

real property in Okanogan County. As part of this suit, Roy Stoddard claims that the

court should distribute the ten parcels and any other assets in the name of Newman

Logging to the shareholders of S&N Logging and Newman Logging, including himself,

during a judicial dissolution of Newman Logging.

       On May 18, 2015, seven years after release from prison, Roy Stoddard, on behalf

of the Roy B. Stoddard Revocable Living Trust, delivered to S&N Logging and Newman

Logging a demand to review corporate records. Newman Logging refused.

                                       PROCEDURE

       On October 20, 2016, Roy Stoddard filed suit in his own capacity, as Trustee of

the Roy B. Stoddard Revocable Living Trust, and as shareholder of S&N Logging, Inc.

and Newman Logging, Inc., against the two corporations and Don Newman. Stoddard

claimed to be a shareholder, either in his individual capacity or his capacity as trustee of

                                              7
No. 35038-0-III
Stoddard v. S&N Logging


the Stoddard Trust, at all times during the existence of S&N Logging, Inc., and Newman

Logging, Inc. Stoddard alleged that Newman violated his fiduciary duties to the

corporations by failing to maintain their corporate status and by transferring assets of the

corporations to Newman personally. Stoddard prayed for a declaration that he owns

stock in Newman Logging, Inc. He asked for an accounting of the corporation’s financial

affairs and judicial dissolution of the corporation. He also sought a judgment against

Donald Newman in favor of the corporation for Newman’s waste of corporate assets.

        S&N Logging, Inc., Newman Logging, Inc., and Donald Newman (the defendants)

filed a motion to dismiss under CR 12(b)(6) and/or CR 56. The defendants contended

that the secretary of state administratively dissolved Newman Logging on July 1, 2010,

and, under RCW 23B.14.340, Roy Stoddard needed to file any action against the

defendants within three years of July 1, 2010. The trial court agreed and dismissed the

suit.

                                  LAW AND ANALYSIS

        The trial court’s order of dismissal does not expressly state whether it granted

defendants’ motion to dismiss under CR 12(b)(6) or defendants’ summary judgment

motion under CR 56. Nevertheless, the trial court reviewed, in response to the alternative

motions, the declarations filed by the parties and one witness. The filing of the

declarations transformed any motion to dismiss into a summary judgment motion.

CR 12(b)(7).

                                              8
No. 35038-0-III
Stoddard v. S&N Logging


       A critical fact supporting the defendants’ motions was the dissolution of Newman

Logging, Inc. on July 1, 2010. Although Roy Stoddard pled, in his complaint, that

Newman Logging became “inactive” on this date, he did not plead that the corporation

suffered dissolution on the date. To the contrary, Stoddard alleged that Newman

Logging, Inc. failed to dissolve within a reasonable time of its ceasing business.

Therefore, we cannot rely only on the complaint in dismissing the suit.

       By declaration, Don Newman averred that the Washington secretary of state

dissolved Newman Logging, Inc. on July 1, 2010. His declaration attached the secretary

of state’s certificate of administrative dissolution. Roy Stoddard presented no

contravening declaration.

       Appeals courts review an order for summary judgment de novo. Keck v. Collins,

184 Wn.2d 358, 370, 357 P.3d 1080 (2015). This court applies the same standard as the

trial court to determine whether “the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories,

and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine

issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a

matter of law.” Parkin v. Colocousis, 53 Wn. App. 649, 653, 769 P.2d 326 (1989)

(quoting CR 56(c)). Based on the uncontroverted fact that the secretary of state dissolved

Newman Logging, Inc. on July 1, 2010 and the filing of this suit on October 20, 2016, we

affirm the trial court’s grant of summary judgment.

       Roy Stoddard contends that he remains a twenty-five percent shareholder of the

                                             9
No. 35038-0-III
Stoddard v. S&N Logging


renamed corporation, Newman Logging. The defendants maintain that Stoddard failed to

file any germane cause of action before the pertinent three year statute of limitation

lapsed. RCW 23B.14.340.

       RCW 23B.14.340 contemplates the survival of remedies after a corporate

dissolution, but imposes a limitation period on any suit. The statute declares:

               The dissolution of a corporation . . . by administrative dissolution by
       the secretary of state . . . shall not take away or impair any remedy available
       against such corporation, its directors, officers, or shareholders, for any
       right or claim existing, or any liability incurred, prior to such dissolution or
       arising thereafter, unless action or other proceeding thereon is not
       commenced . . . within three years after the effective date of any dissolution
       that is effective on or after June 7, 2006.

RCW 23B.14.340.

       In seeking to avoid the limitation period found in RCW 23B.14.340, Roy

Stoddard relies on RCW 23B.14.050, which addresses the affairs of a dissolved

corporation. The statute reads in part:

                (1) A dissolved corporation continues its corporate existence but
       may not carry on any business except that appropriate to wind up and
       liquidate its business and affairs, including:
                (a) Collecting its assets;
                (b) Disposing of its properties that will be applied toward
       satisfaction or making reasonable provision for satisfaction of its liabilities
       or will otherwise not be distributed in kind to its shareholders, but in any
       case subject to applicable liens and security interests as well as any
       applicable contractual restrictions on the disposition of its properties;
                (c) Satisfying or making reasonable provision for satisfying its
       liabilities, in accordance with their priorities as established by law, and on a
       pro rata basis within each class of liabilities;


                                             10
No. 35038-0-III
Stoddard v. S&N Logging


               (d) Subject to the limitations imposed by RCW 23B.06.400,
       distributing its remaining property among its shareholders according to
       their interests; and
               (e) Doing every other act necessary to wind up and liquidate its
       business and affairs.
               (2) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, dissolution of a
       corporation does not:
               (a) Transfer title to the corporation’s property;
               (b) Prevent transfer of its shares or securities, although the
       authorization to dissolve may provide for closing the corporation’s share
       transfer records;
               (c) Subject its directors or officers to standards of conduct different
       from those prescribed in chapter 23B.08 RCW;
               (d) Change quorum or voting requirements for its board of directors
       or shareholders; change provisions for selection, resignation, or removal of
       its directors or officers or both; or change provisions for amending its
       bylaws;
               (e) Prevent commencement of a proceeding by or against the
       corporation in its corporate name;
               (f) Abate or suspend a proceeding pending by or against the
       corporation on the effective date of dissolution; or
               (g) Terminate the authority of the registered agent of the corporation.

RCW 23B.14.050 (emphasis added).

       Roy Stoddard argues that the broad phrases included in RCW 23B.14.340 “any

remedy” and “any right or claim” do not apply to a shareholder suit for declaratory

judgment as to shareholder standing, for a corporate accounting, for judicial dissolution,

or for derivative claims. We disagree. RCW 23B.14.340 uses sweeping terms to require

“any remedy and . . . any right or claim existing, or any liability incurred, [existing] prior

to such dissolution or arising thereafter,” be asserted within three years of the date when




                                              11
No. 35038-0-111
Stoddard v. S&N Logging


the Washington secretary of state filed the corporation's articles of dissolution. The

statute favors the corporation, shareholders, and officers.

       Roy Stoddard does not argue that the express language ofRCW 23B.14.340 does

not apply to each of his claims. Instead, Stoddard seemingly argues, and without citing

any relevant authority, that the two statutes in tandem create ambiguity in the otherwise

plain language ofRCW 23B.14.340. RCW 23B.14.050(2)(e) clarifies that dissolution

does not prevent "commencement of a proceeding ... against a corporation."

Nevertheless, nothing in either statute identifies or creates an extended period for

shareholder lawsuits beyond the period placed in RCW 23B.14.340.

                                      CONCLUSION

       We affirm the trial court's grant of summary judgment dismissing all claims

asserted by Roy Stoddard in the complaint.


              A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in

the Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to RCW

2.06.040.


                                                                   ~'*
                                                                  ,V

WE CONCUR:



                                              Lawrence-Berrey, J.

                                             12
