                      IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                     No. 13-1418
                                 Filed July 16, 2014

IN THE INTEREST OF A.S. JR.,
      Minor Child,

E.W., Mother,
      Appellant,

A.S. SR., Father,
      Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

         Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Linn County, Barbara Liesveld,

District Associate Judge.



         E.W. appeals the juvenile court order terminating her parental rights.

AFFIMRED.



         Edward F. Crowell, Cedar Rapids, for appellant-mother.

         Anthony H. Janney, Vinton, for appellant-father.

         Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Janet L. Hoffman, Assistant Attorney

General, Jerry Vander Sanden, County Attorney, and Kelly J. Kaufman, Assistant

County Attorney, for appellee-State.

         Cynthia S. Finley, Cedar Rapids, attorney and guardian ad litem for minor

child.



         Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Tabor and Bower, JJ.
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BOWER, J.

       E.W. appeals the juvenile court order terminating her parental rights. She

claims she has complied with all requirements set by the juvenile court and the

positive drug tests preventing reunification are unreliable. We find termination of

E.W.’s parental rights was proper under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h) (2013).

E.W.’s positive drug tests are sufficiently reliable, and her explanation for the

large number of abnormal test results is unconvincing. Because termination is in

the child’s best interests, we affirm.

I.     Background Facts and Proceedings

       In an August 20, 2013 order, the juvenile court terminated E.W.’s parental

rights to A.S. At the time of termination, A.S. was eleven months old. The child

came to the attention of the department of human service (DHS) because E.W.

was believed to have been abusing drugs and alcohol during her pregnancy, and

because E.W. was attempting to obtain prescription drugs while hospitalized

following childbirth. E.W. has a lengthy history of substance abuse, and DHS

was immediately concerned with her ability to care for A.S.

       This is not E.W.’s first experience with DHS or termination proceedings.

Her parental rights to an older child were terminated in 2008 after police

discovered she was selling drugs out of her home.1 The juvenile court noted that

many of those same concerns and issues are once again present in this case.




1
 At the time some of the drugs and paraphernalia were found in places that could be
easily reached by the child.
                                           3



       Following removal of A.S. from E.W.’s2 care, E.W. has been offered a

number of services aimed at addressing her substance abuse problems. The

offered services included an outpatient substance abuse treatment program.

E.W.’s attendance at the program was poor. Over the past several years, E.W.

has been in substance abuse treatment at least six times. The juvenile court

found she has a history of relapse, denying her substance abuse problems, and

later admitting to her relapses and substance abuse.

       Of greater concern is the juvenile court’s conclusion E.W. has failed to

abstain from all mood altering substances as ordered since A.S. was removed

from her care. There is one positive test for alcohol, and a complicated history of

drug screens.     E.W. tested positive for synthetic marijuana five times after

removal, and admitted to some use through April 2013. Two of the positive tests,

however, were conducted after E.W. claims her drug use ceased.

       Evaluation of E.W.’s drug tests is complicated by a high number of missed

tests. Since May 21, 2013, E.W. had missed seven drug tests. Of the ten tests

conducted, seven were considered abnormal.3

       E.W. has engaged in regular visitation with A.S., however, visits have

often been shortened due to scheduling difficulties. At the time of trial, E.W. was

unemployed. There has been a history of miscommunication between E.W. and




2
  E.W. was incarcerated at the time of the removal
3
  Two of the tests were considered missed because they were dilute, two more because
of abnormally high creatinine levels, one was positive for benzodiazepines and two were
positive for synthetic marijuana According to the testimony, dilute tests are considered
unreliable because the test may indicate an individual attempting to skew the results by
ingesting a large amount of water.
                                         4



A.S.’s foster parents. E.W. has not always known what formula A.S. is on or how

to use necessary medical equipment.

       A.S. is developmentally behind, but has improved since the removal. A.S.

has sucking and tongue thrust issues, which are being addressed by physical

therapy and the foster parents. Visits with E.W. have been conducted outside

E.W.’s home because A.S. has respiratory problems and E.W. continues to

smoke in her home.

       The parental rights of A.S.’s father were terminated at the same time the

juvenile court terminated E.W.’s rights. The father failed to timely appeal. By

order of our supreme court, dated May 14, 2014, we are directed to disregard the

father’s appeal.    During much of the pendency of this case, the father was

incarcerated.      He was released from federal prison in June 2013 and

subsequently married E.W., despite the advice of his parole officer to stay away

from her. It is clear returning A.S. to E.W.’s care is tantamount to returning the

child to the father’s care.

II.    Standard of Review

       Our review of termination proceedings is de novo. In re A.B., 815, N.W.2d

764, 773 (Iowa 2012). We give weight to the factual findings of the juvenile

court, particularly on matters of credibility, but we are not bound by them. Id.

III.   Discussion

       The juvenile court terminated E.W.’s parental rights on two grounds. First,

the juvenile found the State satisfied the grounds set forth in Iowa Code section

232.116(1)(h) (2013). This section allows for termination when the child is three
                                         5



years old or younger, has been adjudicated in need of assistance, has been

removed from the parent’s custody for a set period of time, and there is clear and

convincing evidence the child cannot be returned to the parents at the present

time.   Id.   Second, the juvenile court terminated E.W.’s rights under section

232.116(1)(l). This section provides for termination when the child has been

adjudicated in need of assistance, the parent has a substance-related disorder

placing the parent or child in danger, and there is clear and convincing evidence

the child cannot be returned to the parent in a reasonable time. Id.

        In termination proceedings, we engage in a three-step process. See In re

P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 40 (Iowa 2010). If we find grounds to terminate under

section 232.116(1), we then consider the best interests of the child under section

232.116(2). Id. Finally, we determine whether the permissive exceptions under

section 232.116(3) apply.    Id. Where a parent’s rights are terminated under

multiple sections, we need to find grounds under only one section to affirm the

juvenile court. In re R.K., 649 N.W.2d 18, 19 (Iowa Ct. App. 2002).

        E.W. claims in this appeal that A.S. can be returned to her. We agree with

the juvenile court that A.S. cannot be returned to the mother. The evidence

makes clear A.S. is less than three years of age and has been removed from

E.W.’s care for the period required by section 232.116(1)(h)(3). A.S. has also

been adjudicated in need of assistance. Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(h)(2). E.W.

continues to struggle with drug use and is not honest or forthcoming about her

addiction. She offers vague explanations for the numerous missed drug screens,

abnormal results, and she still tested positive for drug use. Her history of abuse,
                                            6



partial recovery, and relapse place A.S. in danger and prevent reunification. 4

E.W.’s decision to marry and plan a future course with the father is also

concerning. See In re A.Y.H., 483 N.W.2d 820 (Iowa 1992) (child could not be

returned to parents under section 232.110 when the father continued to live with

mother who was not a responsible caretaker, and where the father had no track

record of providing responsible care). There is no history of responsible choices

by E.W. that would indicate she is able to resume care of A.S. Accordingly, we

find grounds for termination under section 232.116(1)(h).

       We next turn to the best interests of the child analysis under section

232.116(2). Again, we agree with the juvenile court that termination is in A.S.’s

best interests. E.W. has proved she is reluctant to make the changes necessary

to properly care for A.S.      The home was physically unsuitable due to A.S.’s

respiratory problems, and E.W. failed to make a simple change needed for her

child to safely reside with her. E.W.’s continued cycle of addiction and continued

substance abuse presents a danger to the child. Since removal from the home,

A.S. is no longer physically behind from a developmental standpoint and is

getting the physical therapy and attention needed to thrive. We find termination

is in the best interests of the child.

       E.W. does not claim any of the permissive exceptions in section

232.116(3) apply. Finding none, we affirm the decision of the juvenile court.

       AFFIRMED.



4
  E.W. vaguely attacks the validity of the tests conducted by DHS. Her claim is
essentially an evidentiary challenge to the introduction of the tests as evidence. We find
no basis to exclude the introduction of the tests.
