[Cite as Home S. & L. Co. v. Avery Place, L.L.C., 2011-Ohio-4525.]


                                       COURT OF APPEALS
                                    DELAWARE COUNTY, OHIO
                                   FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT


HOME SAVINGS & LOAN CO.,                              :      JUDGES:
YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO                                      :
                                                      :
                                                      :      Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J.
                       Plaintiff-Appellee             :      Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J.
                                                      :      Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
-vs-                                                  :
                                                      :      Case No. 11 CAE 02 0014
AVERY PLACE, LLC, et al.                              :
                                                      :
                                                      :
                    Defendants-Appellants             :      OPINION



CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                                  Appeal from the Delaware County Court of
                                                          Common Pleas, Case No. 09 CV H 08
                                                          1044


JUDGMENT:                                                 AFFIRMED



DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                                   September 2, 2011



APPEARANCES:

For Appellants:                                              For Appellee:

RICHARD L. GOODMAN                                           ANTHONY M. SHARETT
720 Youngstown-Warren Rd.                                    KENNETH C. JOHNSON
Suite E                                                      100 S. 3rd St.
Niles, OH 44446                                              Columbus, OH 43215



Delaney, J.
      {¶1}   Defendants-Appellants Avery Place, LLC and James Moro appeal the

November 2, 2010 judgment entry denying Appellants’ Second Motion for Relief from

Final Cognovit Judgment and a January 21, 2011 judgment entry denying Appellants’

Request for Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law filed by the Delaware County

Court of Common Pleas.       Plaintiff-Appellee is Home Savings & Loan Company,

Youngstown, Ohio.

                      STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE

      {¶2}   Appellants entered into two commercial mortgage loans with Appellee to

finance the construction of a condominium development.         Appellant James Moro

personally guaranteed the commercial loans. Appellants defaulted on the loans.

      {¶3}   On August 7, 2009, Appellee filed a complaint, asserting claims for breach

of a construction note supported by a cognovit promissory note, breach of an

unconditional and continuing cognovit construction guaranty, breach of an acquisition

and development loan supported by a cognovit promissory note, and breach of an

unconditional and continuing cognovit acquisition and development guaranty. The trial

court entered a judgment by confession in the amount of $2,846,574.20, plus interest,

costs, and attorney fees.

      {¶4}   Appellants filed a Motion for Relief from Final Cognovit Judgment on

October 8, 2009. Appellants argued a meritorious defense existed because the default

upon which the cognovit judgment was based was manufactured by Appellee.

Appellants further argued the cognovit judgment should be vacated based on waiver,

estoppels, fraud in the inducement, and breach of fiduciary duty by Appellee. The trial

court held an evidentiary hearing on the motion on February 8, 2010. The trial court
issued a lengthy judgment and denied the Motion for Relief from Judgment on March

16, 2010. Appellants did not appeal the judgment.

      {¶5}   On August 6, 2010, Appellants filed a Second Motion for Relief from Final

Cognovit Judgment.     Appellants argued there existed new meritorious defenses as

grounds upon which they were entitled to relief from judgment. Specifically, Appellants

stated the additional meritorious defenses of illegality and inaccuracy of the cognovit

judgment amount. Appellants claimed illegality based on a “Stipulation and Consent to

the Issuance of an Order to Cease and Desist” entered into by Appellee, the FDIC, and

the State of Ohio, Division of Financial Institutions on August 13, 2008. The Cease and

Desist Order is a matter of public record.     Appellants requested discovery of the

documents related to the Cease and Desist Order in a related Franklin County Case on

June 2, 2010. Appellants further argued the cognovit judgment amount was inaccurate

because Appellee made an incorrect disbursement of approximately $4,000, which

overstated the balance.

      {¶6}   Appellee filed a Motion to Strike the Second Motion for Relief from Final

Cognovit Judgment. The trial court did not rule on the Motion to Strike, but rather

denied Appellants’ Second Motion for Relief from Final Cognovit Judgment by judgment

entry issued on November 2, 2010.

      {¶7}   Appellants filed a Request for Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law

pursuant to Civ.R. 52 on November 15, 2010. The trial court denied Appellants’ request

on January 12, 2011.

      {¶8}   Appellants filed a Notice of Appeal on February 11, 2011 of the trial

court’s November 2, 2010 and January 12, 2011 decisions.
       {¶9}   Appellants raises two Assignments of Error:

       {¶10} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT DENIED DEFENDANTS-

APPELLANTS’       SECOND      MOTION      FOR    RELIEF     FROM     FINAL    COGNOVIT

JUDGMENT (R. 77, 11/02/10 DECISION, APPX. 8).

       {¶11} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT DENIED DEFENDANTS-

APPELLANTS’ REQUEST FOR FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW

(R. 84, 01/12/11 DECISION, APPX. 10).

                                            I.

       {¶12} Appellants argue in the first Assignment of Error that the trial court abused

its discretion in denying Appellants’ Second Motion for Relief from Final Cognovit

Judgment.

       {¶13} Civ. R. 60(B) provides the basis upon which a party may obtain relief from

judgment, and states in pertinent part: “On motion and upon such terms as are just, the

court may relieve a party * * * from a final judgment, order or proceedings for the

following reasons: (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect; (2) newly

discovered evidence which by due diligence could not have been discovered in time to

move for a new trial under Rule 59(B); (3) fraud (whether heretofore denominated

intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation or other misconduct of an adverse party; (4) the

judgment has been satisfied, released or discharged, or a prior judgment upon which it

is based has been reversed or otherwise vacated, or it is no longer equitable that the

judgment should have prospective application; or (5) any other reason justifying relief

from the judgment. The motion shall be made within a reasonable time, and for reasons
(1), (2), and (3) not more than one year after the judgment, order, or proceeding was

entered to taken.”

       {¶14} Furthermore, “a motion for relief from judgment under Civ. R. 60(B) is

addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court, and that court's ruling will not be

disturbed on appeal absent a showing of abuse of discretion.” Griffey v. Rajan (1987),

33 Ohio St.3d 75, 77, 514 N.E.2d 1122, and Citibank (South Dakota), N.A. v. Stein,

Fairfield App. No. 05CA71, 2006-Ohio-2674 at ¶ 27.         In order to find an abuse of

discretion, we must determine that the trial court's decision denying appellant's motion

was unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable, and not merely an error of law or

judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore (1983), 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 450 N.E.2d 1140.

       {¶15} The Ohio Supreme Court interpreted Civ. R. 60(B) in the seminal case of

GTE Automatic Electric, Inc. v. ARC Industries, Inc. (1976), 47 Ohio St.2d 146, 351

N.E.2d 113 as follows: “To prevail on his motion under Civ.R. 60(B), the movant must

demonstrate that: (1) the party has a meritorious defense or claim to present if relief is

granted; (2) the party is entitled to relief under one of the grounds stated in Civ.R.

60(B)(1) through (5); and (3) the motion is made within a reasonable time, and, where

the grounds of relief are Civ.R. 60(B)(1), (2), or (3), not more than one year after the

judgment, order or proceeding was entered or taken.” Id. at 150-151.

       {¶16} Where the judgment sought to be vacated is a cognovit judgment, the

standard set forth by GTE is modified. In such a case, the party seeking to vacate a

cognovit judgment need only show that the motion to vacate was timely made and that

a meritorious defense is available. See, Fifth Third Bank v. Jarrell, Franklin App. No.

04AP-358, 2005-Ohio-1260 at ¶ 11.
       {¶17} However, despite this modified standard, the movant is required “to allege

operative facts with enough specificity to allow the trial court to decide whether a

meritorious defense exists.” Advanced Clinical Mgmt., Inc. v. Salem Chiropractic Ctr.,

Inc., Stark App. No.2003CA00108, 2004-Ohio-120 at ¶ 15.

       {¶18} Appellants argue they met both elements required to be successful on

their Civ.R. 60(B) motion: the second motion for relief from judgment was timely made

and they raised the meritorious defenses of illegality and inaccuracy.           Appellee

contends, however, that the doctrine of res judicata barred Appellants’ second motion

from relief from judgment. Appellee states that the meritorious defenses Appellants

raise in their second motion were available to Appellants at the time of their first motion

for relief from judgment and should have been raised in that motion.

       {¶19} The doctrine of res judicata precludes “relitigation of a point of law or fact

that was at issue in a former action between the same parties and was passed upon by

a court of competent jurisdiction.” Reasoner v. Columbus, Franklin App. No. 04AP–800,

2005–Ohio–468, ¶ 5, citing State ex rel. Kroger Co. v. Indus. Comm., 80 Ohio St.3d

649, 651, 1998–Ohio–174. In order to apply the doctrine of res judicata, we must

conclude the following: “(1) there was a prior valid judgment on the merits; (2) the

second action involved the same parties as the first action; (3) the present action raises

claims that were or could have been litigated in the prior action; and (4) both actions

arise out of the same transaction or occurrence.” Grava v. Parkman Twp., 73 Ohio St.3d

379, 380–82, 1995–Ohio–331.

       {¶20} The Ohio Supreme Court in Harris v. Anderson, 109 Ohio St.3d 101,

2006-Ohio-1934, 846 N.E.2d 43, ¶8 discussed multiple filings of Civ.R. 60(B) motions.
“’[R]es judicata prevents the successive filings of Civ.R. 60(B) motions [for] relief from a

valid, final judgment when based upon the same facts and same grounds or based

upon facts that could have been raised in the prior motion.’ Beck-Durell Creative Dept.,

Inc. v. Imaging Power, Inc., Franklin App. No. 02AP-281, 2002-Ohio-5908, 2002 WL

31417757, ¶ 16. See, also, Roberts v. Roberts, Montgomery App. Nos. 20432 and

20446, 2004-Ohio-5799, 2004 WL 2445227, ¶ 25.”

       {¶21} Appellants filed their first motion for relief on October 8, 2009. Appellants

stated their meritorious defenses include waiver, estoppel, fraud in the inducement,

breach of fiduciary duty and that the default upon which the cognovit judgment was

based was manufactured by Appellee. Appellants filed their second motion for relief on

August 6, 2010.     Appellants argued in their second motion that their meritorious

defenses were illegality because of the Cease and Desist Order issued on August 13,

2008 and that an inaccurate disbursement occurred during the pendency of the loan.

Appellants have made no argument before the trial court or this Court that these

meritorious defenses were not available to Appellants at the time the first motion for

relief was filed on October 8, 2009.

       {¶22} Appellants’ second motion for relief from judgment was based on issues

that could have been raised in their first motion for relief from judgment. Accordingly,

we find that Appellants’ Second Motion for Relief from Final Cognovit Judgment is

barred by the doctrine of res judicata. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in

denying Appellants’ second motion for relief from judgment.

       {¶23} Appellants’ first Assignment of Error is overruled.

                                             II.
       {¶24} Appellants contend in their second Assignment of Error that the trial court

abused its discretion in denying Appellants’ request for findings of fact and conclusions

of law pursuant to Civ.R. 52.

       {¶25} Civ.R. 52 states:

       {¶26} “When questions of fact are tried by the court without a jury, judgment may

be general for the prevailing party unless one of the parties in writing requests otherwise

before the entry of judgment pursuant to Civ. R. 58, or not later than seven days after

the party filing the request has been given notice of the court's announcement of its

decision, whichever is later, in which case, the court shall state in writing the

conclusions of fact found separately from the conclusions of law. * * * Findings of fact

and conclusions of law required by this rule and by Rule 41(B)(2) are unnecessary upon

all other motions including those pursuant to Rule 12, Rule 55 and Rule 56.”

       {¶27} There is a disagreement among courts as to whether Civ.R. 52 applies to

Civ.R. 60(B) proceedings. “Civ.R. 52 confers a right, is mandatory, and is not a matter

within the trial court’s discretion in any situation where questions of fact are tried by the

court without intervention of a jury.” First National Bank v. Netherton, Pike App. No.

04CA731, 2004-Ohio-7284, ¶10 citing In re Adoption of Gibson (1986), 23 Ohio St.3d

170, 172, 492 N.E.2d 146; Werden v. Crawford (1982), 70 Ohio St.2d 122, 124, 435

N.E.2d 424 (holding that compliance with Civ.R. 52 is “mandatory in any situation in

which questions of fact are tried by the court without intervention of a jury”); State ex rel.

Delph v. City of Greenfield (1991), 71 Ohio App.3d 251, 258, 593 N.E.2d 369; St. Paul

Fire & Marine Ins. Co. v. Battle (1975), 44 Ohio App.2d 261, 266, 337 N.E.2d 806.
      {¶28} However, Civ.R. 52 provides that findings of fact and conclusions of law

are “unnecessary upon all other motions, including those pertaining to Rule 12, Rule 55

and Rule 56.” Some courts have interpreted the language, “unnecessary upon all other

motions” to mean that Civ.R. 52 is not applicable to Civ.R. 60(B) motions. First National

Bank, supra at ¶11 citing Blankenship v. Honda/Isuzu (Mar. 27, 1987), Portage App.

No. 1669; see, also, In the Matter of the Adoption of Beekman (Sept. 11, 1991), Scioto

App. No. 90CA1883,

      {¶29} This Court held in Muirloch Realty, Inc. v. Ashpole (Aug. 25, 1995),

Delaware App. No. 94 CA-E-04-010, that “[t]here is no requirement that the trial court

issue findings of fact and conclusions of law or otherwise explain its reasons for its

disposition of a Civ.R. 60(B) motion. See Civ.R. 52 and Neubauer v. Kender (1986), 32

Ohio App.3d 49.” “Other courts have determined that a trial court need not issue Civ.R.

52 findings of fact and conclusions of law when ruling on a Civ.R. 60(B) motion. See

Briggs v. Deters (June 25, 1997), Hamilton App. No. C-961068 (concluding that the

‘unnecessary upon all other motions’ includes Civ.R. 60(B) motions); Blankenship v.

Rick Case Honda/Isuzu (March 27, 1987), Portage App. No. 1669 (stating that findings

of fact and conclusions of law pursuant to Civ.R. 52 are not necessary when ruling on a

Civ.R. 60(B) motion); see, also, Briggs v. Deters (June 25, 1997), Hamilton App. No. C-

961068.” First National Bank, supra at ¶14.

      {¶30} The Fourth District Court of Appeals conducted an in-depth analysis

regarding the application of Civ.R. 52 to Civ.R. 60(B) proceedings in First National Bank

v. Netherton, Pike App. No. 04CA0731, 2004-Ohio-7284. The court determined that a

blanket rule excluding Civ.R. 60(B) motions from Civ.R. 52 was not the correct answer
to address the issue. Instead, the court ruled that the application of Civ.R. 52 to a

Civ.R. 60(B) motion should be determined on a case-by-case basis. It stated: “when a

trial court must resolve disputed factual issues to reach a decision on a Civ.R. 60(B)

motion and when the movant timely requests Civ.R. 52 findings of fact and conclusions

of law, the court must issue Civ.R. 52 findings of fact and conclusions of law.” First

National Bank, supra at ¶16.

       {¶31} As interpreted by the Fourth District, the trigger for the application of

Civ.R. 52 to a Civ.R. 60(B) motion is a factual dispute. In order to determine whether

the trial court was required to resolve a factual dispute, therefore rendering Civ.R. 52

applicable, the Fourth District examined the Civ.R. 60(B) proceeding before the trial

court. The Fourth District held that if the “indicia of trial substantially predominate in the

[Civ.R. 60(B)] proceeding” where the trial court hears arguments presented in court by

counsel, issues of fact are decided by the trial court, the issues are central to the

primary dispute between the parties, and a judgment was rendered on the evidence,

then the proceeding is properly classified as a trial and subject to Civ.R. 52. Id. at ¶12.

       {¶32} We look to the present case to determine whether Civ.R. 52 is applicable

to Appellants’ Second Motion for Relief from Final Cognovit Judgment. In this case, the

trial court denied Appellants’ request for findings of fact and conclusions of law because

the, “Court made legal conclusions based on analysis of law, which did not require

resolution of any questions of fact.” (Judgment Entry, January 12, 2011). The trial court

did not hold an evidentiary hearing or hear arguments of counsel in court. As we found

in our resolution of Appellants’ first Assignment of Error, we agree with the trial court’s

determination that there was no factual dispute raised in Appellants’ second motion for
relief from judgment. Appellants’ second motion for relief from judgment based on their

two “new” meritorious defenses was barred by the doctrine of res judicata, a substantive

rule of law. The trial court was not required to hold an evidentiary hearing to resolve the

motion, nor did the motion raise a factual dispute between the parties. Therefore, under

this Court’s determination in Muirloch Realty, Inc. v. Ashpole, supra, or under the

analysis of First National Bank, supra, we find that Civ.R. 52 was inapplicable to this

Civ.R. 60(B) proceeding.

       {¶33} Appellants’ second Assignment of Error is overruled.

       {¶34} The judgment of the Delaware County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

By: Delaney, J.

Hoffman, P.J. and

Farmer, J. concur.



                                          HON. PATRICIA A. DELANEY



                                          HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN



                                          HON. SHEILA G. FARMER


                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR DELAWARE COUNTY, OHIO

                               FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

HOME SAVINGS & LOAN CO.,                    :
YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO                            :
                                            :
                                            :
                     Plaintiff-Appellee     :
                                            :
-vs-                                        :   JUDGMENT ENTRY
                                            :
AVERY PLACE, LLC, et al.                    :
                                            :
                                            :   Case No. 11 CAE 02 0014
                  Defendants-Appellants     :




       For the reasons stated in our accompanying Opinion on file, the judgment of the

Delaware County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed. Costs assessed to Appellants.




                                          HON. PATRICIA A. DELANEY



                                          HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN



                                          HON. SHEILA G. FARMER
