          UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR VETERANS CLAIMS


                                            NO. 10-582

                                    JAY A. BOYD, APPELLANT,

                                                V.

                                  ROBERT A. MCDONALD,
                         SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, APPELLEE.


                         On Appeal from the Board of Veterans' Appeals

(Argued May 21, 2014                                                      Decided August 5, 2014)


       Thomas J. Reed, of Wilmington, Delaware, was on the brief for the appellant.

       Ronen Morris, with whom Will A. Gunn, General Counsel; Mary Ann Flynn, Assistant
General Counsel; and Carolyn F. Washington, Deputy Assistant General Counsel, all of Washington,
D.C., were on the brief for the appellee.

       Before KASOLD, Chief Judge, MOORMAN and BARTLEY, Judges.

       MOORMAN, Judge: The appellant, Jay A. Boyd, seeks review of two decisions of the Board
of Veterans' Appeals (Board) that stem from his attempt to obtain an effective date earlier than
May 26, 1999, for the grant of a 30% disability rating for postinflammatory hypopigmentation of the
face, back, chest, and abdomen: (1) A June 11, 2008, Board decision that determined that Mr. Boyd
failed to file a timely Substantive Appeal regarding the original April 1997 VA regional office (RO)
decision that assigned an initial 10% disability rating, effective from March 26, 1990; and (2) an
August 20, 2009, Board decision denying an effective date earlier than May 26, 1999, for a 30%
rating. At the outset, we note that this case involves a complex procedural picture involving two
claim streams. The first began with a March 1990 claim to reopen. The second began when the RO
deemed untimely a February 2000 Substantive Appeal filed in the first claim stream but then treated
that Substantive Appeal as a claim for an increased rating.
       This case was sent to a panel to address whether matters previously viewed by the Court to
be inextricably intertwined and remanded may subsequently be adjudicated separately by the Board.
We hold that, unless explicitly stated otherwise in a Court order, the Board retains the authority to
adjudicate matters separately. Accordingly, Mr. Boyd is required to appeal the 2008 Board decision
for this Court to review the Board's determination regarding the untimeliness of the Substantive
Appeal even though the Board, in the same decision, remanded the matter of an earlier effective date
for the 30% rating. Based on the circumstances here, we also hold that the finality of the 2008 Board
decision was abated and Mr. Boyd's appeal from that decision is therefore premature, and we will
dismiss the appeal from that decision. Because Mr. Boyd has not shown error in the 2009 Board
decision, the Court will affirm that decision. The Court's affirmance of the 2009 Board decision
does not affect Mr. Boyd's pursuit of an earlier effective date for service connection for
hypopigmentation or a rating higher than 10% based on the first claim stream–i.e., the March 1990
claim that is the subject of the 2008 Board decision.


                                              I. FACTS
       Mr. Boyd served in the U.S. Army from April 1968 to March 1970 and from September 1979
to September 1982, including service in the Republic of Vietnam. Record (R.) 2399, 2401, 2531.
Shortly after his discharge in 1982, he filed a claim for service connection for hypopigmentation,
which was denied. In March 1990, he sought to reopen the claim, and an April 1997 RO decision
granted service connection for his skin condition and assigned a 10% disability rating, effective from
March 26, 1990. R. at 2321-26.
       In 1997, Mr. Boyd submitted a Notice of Disagreement (NOD), contesting his initial
disability rating and the effective date of service connection, but, in March 1999, the RO issued a
Statement of the Case (SOC) continuing Mr. Boyd's disability rating and effective date. R. at 2215-
22, 2243. In February 2000, Mr. Boyd filed a Substantive Appeal again challenging his initial
disability rating and the effective date of service connection. R. at 2200-01. In a March 2000 letter,
however, the RO determined that the February 2000 Substantive Appeal was untimely and instead
construed it as a claim for an increased rating. R. at 2199. This created the two claim streams noted
at the outset: One arising from the 1990 claim to reopen the claim for service connection for


                                                  2
hypopigmentation, and one arising from the February 2000 claim for an increased rating, as
construed by the RO.
       As to the first claim stream, in May 2000, Mr. Boyd filed an NOD challenging the RO's
determination that his Substantive Appeal relating to his initial disability rating and effective date
of service connection was untimely. R. at 2168. In the NOD, Mr. Boyd stated that he had been
misinformed by a VA counselor as to the amount of time he had to submit his appeal to the Board,
which, he asserted, had the effect of tolling the Substantive Appeal period. With regard to the
second claim stream, in July 2000, Mr. Boyd filed a statement in support of claim to which he
attached, inter alia, private medical records from May 26, 1999. R. at 2150, 2166. Shortly
thereafter, the RO awarded an increased disability rating of 30% for hypopigmentation, effective
from May 26, 1999. R. at 2150-51. Subsequently, Mr. Boyd filed a Substantive Appeal in which
he accepted the 30% increased rating, but sought an effective date earlier than May 1999 for his
increased rating. R. at 2136-38.
       The two claim streams were addressed together in a November 2002 Board decision, in
which the Board (1) determined, as to the first claim stream, that a timely Substantive Appeal had
not been filed relating to the initial 10% rating and effective date; and (2) denied, as to the second
claim stream, an effective date earlier than May 26, 1999, for Mr. Boyd's increased 30% rating. R. at
1987-2000. The Board, however, did not address Mr. Boyd's contention that tolling of the
Substantive Appeal period was warranted based on incorrect information given by a VA claims
counselor concerning the filing deadline.
       In October 2007, this Court vacated the November 2002 Board decision with respect to both
determinations and remanded the matters to the Board for further proceedings. Boyd v. Mansfield,
No. 03-1508, U.S. Vet. App. LEXIS 1803 (Oct. 22, 2007) (mem. dec.); R. at 51-65. As to the first
claim stream, the Court directed the Board to discuss the potential applicability of equitable tolling
to the 60-day period for filing a Substantive Appeal. As to the second claim stream, the Court
explained that the Board's decision on the Substantive Appeal issue might have a "significant
impact" on the matter of an earlier effective date for Mr. Boyd's 30% disability rating and, therefore,
concluded that the earlier-effective-date issue "is inextricably intertwined with Mr. Boyd's claim that
he filed a timely Substantive Appeal." R. at 59.


                                                   3
       Of note, approximately two months before the Board issued the June 2008 decision now on
appeal, Mr. Boyd notified VA that his address was "Apt A, 209 Halstead, Copperas Cove, Texas,
76522." R. at 885. Approximately two weeks later, on April 18th, however, Mr. Boyd again
contacted VA, and VA noted that Mr. Boyd reported his address as "3473 Lions Gate Ct, Lithonia,
Georgia 30038." R. at 883.
       In the June 2008 decision, the Board found, with respect to the first claim stream, that Mr.
Boyd's Substantive Appeal relating to his initial 10% rating and effective date was untimely and that
equitable tolling was not warranted. Accordingly, the Board denied "the appeal on that issue." As
to the second claim stream, the Board found remand was warranted regarding an effective date
earlier than May 1999 for the 30% rating.
       The Board's cover letter enclosing the June 2008 decision was addressed to "1535 MLK Dr.,
Copperas Cove, TX 76522," the address on file for Mr. Boyd prior to April 2008. R. at 30. The June
2008 Board decision was returned to the Board as undeliverable. On July 8, 2008, the Board
instructed the Waco, Texas, RO to ascertain Mr. Boyd's correct address and resend the Board
decision to him. R. at 85. On August 13, 2008, the RO sent a copy of the June 2008 Board decision
to Mr. Boyd at "Apt 1, 209 E Halstead, Copperas Cove, TX 76522." R. at 84 (emphasis added).
Apparently this letter was not returned as undeliverable notwithstanding the facts that Mr. Boyd's
previous address was at "Apt. A, 209 E. Halstead," and, most significantly, that Mr. Boyd's address
at the time was in Lithonia, Georgia. Notably, VA previously used "Apt. A," not "Apt. 1," in sending
notice to Mr. Boyd and in recording his address. R. at 1449 (Jan. 2008 90-Day Letter), 885 (Apr. 3,
2008 Report of Contact), 83 (VA database screenshot). There is no indication in the record that the
RO or the Board ever sent the June 2008 Board decision to the Lithonia, Georgia, address.
       Subsequently, on February 27, 2009, the RO received a statement from Mr. Boyd in which
he disagreed with the Board's June 11, 2008, decision, and he addressed both claim streams. As to
the first claim stream, he asserted error in the Board's determination that there was no proof that he
had received inaccurate information from VA regarding the filing deadline for his February 2000
Substantive Appeal and referred to his signature on a VA sign-in sheet with both security staff and




                                                  4
VA on the day he spoke with a VA claims counselor. R. at 71-72.1 As to the second claim stream,
he stated that he believed he was entitled to an effective date earlier than May 26, 1999, for his 30%
rating. R. at 72.
         Acting on the June 2008 Board remand of the matter of an effective date earlier than May
1999 for the 30% rating–the second claim stream, the Appeals Management Center (AMC) issued
an April 2009 Supplemental Statement of the Case (SSOC) continuing the denial of an earlier
effective date. R. at 68. The Secretary took no action on Mr. Boyd's February 2009 statement with
respect to the first claim stream; specifically, the Secretary did not address whether the February
2009 statement was a motion for reconsideration of the June 2008 Board finding untimely
Mr. Boyd's Substantive Appeal as to the effective date of service connection and the 10% rating.
         In August 2009, the Board issued a decision addressing both claim streams. As to the first
claim stream, the Board concluded that the June 2008 Board decision was final on the issue of the
timeliness of the Substantive Appeal. The Board did not address the veteran's February 2009
statement asserting error in the June 2008 Board decision. With respect to the second claim stream,
the Board denied an effective date earlier than May 1999 for Mr. Boyd's 30% rating. R. at 3-15.
         In February 2010, Mr. Boyd filed pro se a Notice of Appeal (NOA) in this Court, stating that
he "disagree[d] with the Board of Veterans['] Appeals." That NOA was dismissed by the Court,
however, pursuant to Henderson v. Peake, 22 Vet.App. 217, 221 (2008), because it was filed more
than 120 days after the August 2009 Board decision. See May 21, 2010, Order. Mandate issued in
August 2010.




         1
           Although Mr. Boyd referred to VA's "letter dated July 11, 2008," it is clear from the language in his statement
that he is quoting from the June 2008 Board decision. He specifically quotes language from page 11, paragraph 3, of
the Board decision.

                                                            5
         Subsequently, in February 2012, Mr. Boyd filed pro se a motion to recall mandate.2 Mr.
Boyd argued the merits of the Substantive Appeal issue decided in the June 2008 Board decision,
as well as the merits of the earlier-effective-date issue decided in the August 2009 Board decision.
Feb. 29, 2012, Motion to Recall Mandate at 1. Accordingly, his motion to recall mandate sought to
reinstate an appeal from both the June 2008 and August 2009 Board decisions.
         Responding to the motion, the Secretary informed the Court that Mr. Boyd had filed a timely
motion for Board reconsideration of the August 2009 Board decision and that, although the Board
Chairman denied that motion in a September 29, 2010, decision, the Chairman's decision was mailed
to Mr. Boyd at an outdated address.3 The Secretary therefore was "not opposed to the Court's recall
of mandate and acceptance of the NOA." Apr. 16, 2012, Secretary's Response. The Secretary did
not address Mr. Boyd's contentions regarding the June 2008 Board decision. In May 2012, the Court
granted the motion to recall mandate and withdrew its entry of judgment and 2010 dismissal order.
         Following the reinstatement of Mr. Boyd's appeal, the parties completed briefing in March
2013. In September 2013, the Court directed that the Secretary file a supplement to the record on
appeal to include the Board's cover letter to the June 2008 Board decision and notice of appellate
rights. The case was then submitted to a panel, Mr. Boyd retained counsel, the parties filed
substitute briefs, and this Court heard oral argument.


                                       II. PARTIES' ARGUMENTS
         On appeal, the appellant challenges both the June 2008 and August 2009 Board decisions.
He makes two main arguments: First, he maintains that the June 2008 Board decision did not
become final until the issue regarding an earlier effective date for his increased rating was decided


         2
            Mr. Boyd filed his motion to recall mandate within 120 days of this Court's Miscellaneous Order No. 04-12,
which allowed any appellant whose appeal was dismissed pursuant to this Court's decision in Henderson v. Peake, supra,
to file a motion to recall mandate premised on an argument that the 120-day period for filing the NOA should be
equitably tolled in his or her case. Misc. Order No. 04-12 (U.S. Vet. App. Feb. 7, 2012). The miscellaneous order was
issued based on the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Henderson v. Shinseki, 131 S. Ct. 1197 (2011), rev'g 589 F.3d
1201 (Fed. Cir. 2009), which held that the 120-day limit to file an NOA–although an important procedural rule–was not
jurisdictional, and subsequently, in Bove v. Shinseki, 25 Vet.App. 136 (2011), this Court held that "the important
procedural rule" is subject to equitable tolling.
         3
           Because the Board Chairman's decision denying reconsideration was attached to the response, Mr. Boyd was
notified of the Board Chairman's denial as of the date the response was served.

                                                          6
in the August 2009 Board decision because this Court's October 2007 decision had deemed the
matters inextricably intertwined and the Board, therefore, had no authority to separately adjudicate
the issues. Alternatively, he asserts that, following the Court's 2007 remand decision, he was entitled
to specific notice of the Board's intent to separate the issues prior to the Board's decision. Second,
he argues that the finality of the June 2008 Board decision was abated because the Board mailed that
decision to him at the wrong address and, therefore, the 120-day period to appeal to this Court did
not begin to run until he received notice of the 2008 decision. Regarding the August 2009 Board
decision, the appellant essentially challenges the May 1999 assigned effective date for his increased
rating, arguing that the Board failed to address medical reports from 1982 through 1996 "showing
whole body involvement" of loss of pigmentation.
        The Secretary contends that the Court lacks jurisdiction to review the June 2008 Board
decision because it was a final, appealable decision, and the appellant's 2010 pro se NOA was
untimely as to this Board decision. The Secretary concedes that the June 2008 decision was mailed
to the appellant at the wrong address but asserts that the appellant "did in fact receive and had actual
notice of the June 2008 decision" when it was remailed to him in July 2008. In support, the
Secretary argues (1) the remailing was not returned as undeliverable; (2) the appellant later
referenced the Board decision in the February 2009 statement to the RO; and (3) the appellant merely
contends that the Board decision was mailed to the wrong address but does not assert that he did not
actually receive it after the remailing.
        The Secretary further argues that the Board is not required to provide any specific notice of
its intent to separate issues previously found by the Court to be inextricably intertwined and
maintains that it was within the Board's authority to separately decide the claims or issues because
(1) the Court did not conclude that a decision on the Substantive Appeal issue depended on the
disposition of the earlier-effective-date issue, only vice versa–i.e., that the earlier-effective-date issue
depended on the Substantive Appeal issue–and, therefore, the issues did not have an interdependent
(mutually dependent) relationship; and (2) a Court determination that two issues are inextricably
intertwined that is made for purposes of judicial economy is not binding on the Secretary. Finally,
the Secretary asserts that the effective date for the appellant's increased-rating claim, which he filed
in February 2000, can be no earlier than one year prior to the date of the claim.


                                                     7
                                                III. ANALYSIS
                                       A. Jurisdiction: Scope of NOA
        The Court does not have jurisdiction to review a Board decision unless an NOA as to that
Board decision has been filed with the Court. This Court has the authority to determine whether a
timely NOA has been filed. See Fithian v. Shinseki, 24 Vet.App. 146, 157 (2010); see also Hayre
v. Principi, 15 Vet.App. 48, 57 (2001) (Kramer, C.J., concurring in part and dissenting in part as to
dismissal) (stating that "this Court has the responsibility to determine for itself whether it has
jurisdiction to consider a claim"). "These determinations are not dicta, but are essential to the
decision of the Court as it exercises its appellate review authority." Fithian, 24 Vet.App. at 157.
As the Court has previously made clear, the Court "has an independent duty to determine its own
jurisdiction, even if the matter is not raised by the parties." Posey v. Shinseki, 23 Vet.App. 406 , 407
(2010) (citing Clemons v. Shinseki, 23 Vet.App. 1, 3 (2009)).
            Accordingly, before the Court can turn to the question of the timeliness of the NOA, the
Court must first determine whether the pro se NOA received by the Court on February 22, 2010, is
an appeal not only of the August 2009 Board decision,4 but also of the June 2008 Board decision.
        It is well settled that the adequacy of an NOA must be determined with two interpretive
principles in mind: (1) NOAs are to be liberally construed, and (2) pro se pleadings are to be
liberally construed. Durr v. Nicholson, 400 F.3d 1375, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2005). The Federal Circuit
interpreted Rule 3(c)(2) of this Court's Rules of Practice and Procedure (Rules) to require that "the
issue of whether a Board decision has been identified should be determined by referencing the
surrounding circumstances." Id. The Federal Circuit also determined that the language of Rule
3(c)(2) was expressly adopted to incorporate the holding in Calma v. Brown, 9 Vet.App. 11 (1996),
that an NOA "'need not contain a literal statement that a [Board] decision is being appealed to the
Court, as long as the intent to seek Court review is clear from the document as a whole and the
circumstances of its filing with the Court.'" Durr, 400 F.3d at 1381 (quoting Calma, 9 Vet.App. at
15, and In Re Rules of Practice & Proc., 2002 U.S. Vet. App. Claims LEXIS 704, Misc. No. 1-02
(Vet. App. Sept. 17, 2002)). The Federal Circuit thus concluded that "a Board decision need only



        4
            The parties do not dispute that the NOA seeks to appeal the August 2009 Board decision.

                                                         8
be reasonably identified in light of the surrounding circumstances." Id. Quoting Intercargo
Insurance Co. v. United States, 83 F.3d 391, 395 (Fed. Cir. 1996), the Federal Circuit also noted that
it is "'not the case . . . that any . . . notice that does not strictly conform to the "form and manner"
prescribed in the regulation is ineffective. . . . [N]ot all deviations from the requirements of the
statute or regulation would affect the interests that the statute and regulation are designed to protect.'"
Durr, 400 F.3d at 1382.
         Here, in his pro se NOA, the appellant stated, in toto: "I disagree with the Board of
Veterans['] Appeals and I am appealing to the Court of Appeal[s] to overturn the Boards' decision."
Although the NOA did not identify any Board decision by date, a liberal construction of the NOA
reflects the appellant's intent to appeal both the June 2008 and August 2009 decisions. That one of
the Board decisions the appellant was appealing was the June 2008 Board decision crystalized when
he filed his pro se motion to recall mandate in February 2012, and later his informal brief, including
arguments regarding the merits of the Substantive Appeal issue decided in the June 2008 Board
decision.5
         Accordingly, the Court holds, through a liberal construction of the appellant's pro se NOA–
which itself is broadly worded–and the circumstances surrounding the filing of the NOA–which
include the statements made in the appellant's motion to recall mandate– that the appellant appealed
both the Board's June 2008 and August 2009 decisions. See Durr, 400 F.3d at 1381. Consequently,
the Court has jurisdiction both to determine whether the 2008 Board decision is a final decision for
purposes of Court review and to review the 2009 Board decision.
                                              B. Timeliness of NOA
         Although the filing of an NOA is a jurisdictional requirement, the timely filing of an NOA
is no longer a jurisdictional issue. The 120-day judicial appeal period nonetheless remains an
important procedural rule and is subject to the Court's assessment of equitable tolling when equitable
tolling is raised by an appellant. See Bove, 25 Vet.App. at 140. Generally, in equitable tolling cases,
circumstances such as mental illness or filing the notice of appeal with the wrong tribunal prevent



         5
           Although the appellant's informal brief was later substituted by a brief filed by counsel, the issues identified
in the informal brief, including those related to the timeliness of his Substantive Appeal, are used to determine the scope
of the appellant's NOA and not the merits of the issues on appeal.

                                                            9
a timely filing. See Barrett v. Principi, 363 F.3d 1316, 1317 (Fed. Cir.2004); Rickett v. Shinseki,
26 Vet.App. 210 (2011) (en banc); see also Checo v. Shinseki, 748 F.3d 1373, 1376 n.1 (Fed. Cir.
2014) ("'As a general matter, equitable tolling pauses the running of, or "tolls," a statute of
limitations when a litigant has pursued his rights diligently but some extraordinary circumstance
prevents him from bringing a timely action.'" (quoting Lozano v. Montoya Alvarez, __ U.S. __, 134
S. Ct. 1224, 1231-32 (2014))); Sneed v. Shinseki, 737 F.3d 719, 726 (Fed. Cir. 2013) ("Equitable
tolling is not 'limited to a small and closed set of factual patterns'" but rather is decided on a "'case-
by-case basis.'" (quoting Mapu v. Nicholson, 397 F.3d 1375, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2005), and Holland v.
Florida, 560 U.S. 631, 650 (2010))).
          Other circumstances may also affect the start and running of the 120-day judicial appeal
period that the Court may consider in determining whether a Board decision became final for
purposes of appeal and whether the 120-day period to file an NOA expired before the NOA was
filed. For example, relevant here are principles associated with the presumption of regularity that
attaches to a Board mailing of a Board decision that starts the clock on the 120-day period.
Additionally, once started, the clock may stop and the finality of the Board decision be abated if a
claimant files a motion for Board reconsideration, Rosler v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 241 (1991), or
a document that expresses disagreement with a Board decision, Ratliff v. Shinseki, 26 Vet.App. 356
(2013).
          For the reasons stated below, as to the 2008 Board decision, the Court concludes that the
appellant's NOA, when filed, was premature and remains premature as of this date. As to the 2009
Board decision, the NOA was also premature because when it was filed the Secretary had not
notified the appellant that his timely motion for Board reconsideration of the 2009 Board decision
had been denied. Subsequently, upon the Board Chairman's denial of the motion for Board
reconsideration, the appellant's NOA became effective. See Wachter v. Brown, 7 Vet.App. 396, 397
(1995) (per curiam order) (holding that a premature NOA became effective upon the Chairman's
denial of a motion for Board reconsideration).




                                                   10
                       i. Improper Mailing of the June 2008 Board Decision
        In support of his argument that notice of the June 2008 Board decision was mailed to the
wrong address, the appellant asserts that the Board mailed its decision to a Copperas Cove, Texas,
address when an April 18, 2008, VA report of contact showed that he had reported his new address
to be in Lithonia, Georgia. Reply at 4 (citing R. at 882). The Secretary responds that the appellant
"had actual notice . . . no later than July 2008" of the June 2008 decision. Secretary's Surreply at 2.
The record supports the appellant's argument, and the Secretary has not demonstrated that the
appellant had actual notice prior to February 2009.
        Pursuant to 38 U.S.C. §§ 5104(a) and 7104(e), the Board must "promptly mail a copy of its
written decision to the [appellant] . . . at the last known address of the appellant." Clark v. Principi,
15 Vet.App. 61, 63 (2001). Based on the presumption of regularity, the Court presumes that "'the
Secretary properly discharged his official duties by mailing a copy of a [Board] decision to the last
known address of the appellant . . . on the date that the decision was issued.'" Clarke v. Nicholson,
21 Vet.App. 130, 133 (2007) (quoting Woods v. Gober, 14 Vet.App. 214, 220 (2000)). In order for
this presumption to attach, VA must provide notice to the latest address of record for the claimant.
Crain v. Principi, 17 Vet.App. 182, 186 (2003). This presumption is not absolute and may be
rebutted with "clear evidence that VA did not follow its regular mailing practices or that its practices
were not regular." Id.
        The mere assertion of nonreceipt by an appellant is not enough to establish the clear evidence
needed to overcome the presumption of regularity in the mailing of the Board decision. Id.; Davis
v. Principi, 17 Vet.App. 29, 37 (2003). However, the presumption of regularity may be rebutted
where there is (1) evidence that VA used an incorrect address on the Board mailing, or (2) evidence
that the mailing was returned as undeliverable and there were other possible and plausible addresses
available to VA at the time of the Board decision. See Clarke, 21 Vet.App. at 134 (noting that "VA's
use of an incorrect address is often consequential to delivery. Thus, we have found the existence of
clear evidence to rebut the presumption of regularity when VA addressed communications to a
wrong street name, wrong street number, or wrong ZIP code in circumstances indicating that such
errors were consequential to delivery.") (collecting cases); Crain, 17 Vet.App. at 187 ("VA's use of
an incorrect address for a claimant constitutes the 'clear evidence' needed to rebut the presumption


                                                   11
of regularity of mailing."); Davis, 17 Vet.App. at 37 (holding that to rebut presumption of regularity
in mailing, the appellant must establish both that mailing was returned as undeliverable and that
there were other possible and plausible addresses available to VA).
         Once the presumption is rebutted, the Secretary has the burden to show that the Board
decision was mailed in the appropriate manner "or that the appellant actually received a copy of the
decision." Sthele v. Principi, 19 Vet.App. 11, 19 (2004); see Fluker v. Brown, 5 Vet.App. 296, 298
(1993). Accordingly, the 120-day period of 38 U.S.C. § 7266(a) does not begin to run until the
defect in mailing is cured by a proper mailing or proof of actual receipt. Id.; see Clark, 15 Vet.App.
at 67 (holding that the date of actual receipt was the date on which the 120-day period of 38 U.S.C.
§ 7266(a) began to run); Tablazon v. Brown, 8 Vet.App. 359, 361 (1995) (holding that, "where VA
has failed to procedurally comply with statutorily mandated requirements, a claim does not become
final for purposes of appeal to the Court" and thus, "there is no final Board decision before us for
review"). The Court reviews de novo whether clear evidence exists to rebut the presumption of
regularity. Clarke, 21 Vet.App. at 133.
         Here, evidence sufficient to rebut the presumption is present. It is undisputed that the Board
initially mailed its June 2008 decision to the appellant at an old address–1535 MLK Drive, Copperas
Cove, Texas–with the mailing returned as undeliverable and that other plausible addresses were
available to the Secretary at the time. R. at 30, 85. Although the Secretary asserts that the Board
remailed the June 2008 decision on August 13, 2008, the remailing was again to a superceded–and
wrong–address again, i.e., "Apt. 1, 209 E. Halstead" instead of "Apt. A, 209 E. Halstead," when his
last known address was "3473 Lions Gate Ct., Lithonia, Georgia 30038."
         The Secretary has not demonstrated that the June 2008 Board decision was either mailed in
the appropriate manner or that the appellant actually received it. As noted above, although the
April 18, 2008, VA report of contact establishes that the Georgia address was the appellant's last
known address at the time the Board issued its June 2008 decision, the Secretary's original mailing
of the June 2008 decision, as well as his August 13, 2008, remailing, was to a Texas address rather
than the appellant's address in Georgia.6


         6
           The Secretary asserts that the Court should "assume" that the appellant received the 2008 Board decision on
July 11, 2008, and that the 120-day appeal period thus ended on November 8, 2008, and the February 2009 letter "was

                                                         12
         As to actual receipt, the Secretary argues that actual receipt is demonstrated by the fact that
(1) the remailing was not returned as undeliverable, (2) the appellant later referenced the Board
decision in a February 2009 statement to the RO, and (3) the appellant merely contends that the
Board decision was initially mailed to the wrong address but does not allege that he did not actually
receive the Board decision after it was remailed.
         The first and third facts noted by the Secretary fail to demonstrate actual receipt. As to the
first fact, it demonstrates, at best, that the Board decision was received by the occupant of Apartment
1, 209 East Halstead, and not returned, or, if Apartment 1 did not exist, that the decision was
delivered to a different apartment, or that it was delivered to the current occupant of Apartment A,
despite the incorrect address to Apartment 1. As noted earlier, Mr. Boyd did not live at a Texas
address at the time of the mailing. The Court holds that the Secretary is not entitled to a presumption
of receipt based on the mailing not having been returned as undeliverable where the mailing was not
correctly addressed to the claimant. The Secretary has not met his burden of showing a subsequent
proper mailing. As to the third fact, the Secretary fails to appreciate that the presumption of
regularity has been rebutted and that it is the Secretary's burden–not the appellant's–to show actual
receipt. See 38 U.S.C. §§ 5104(a) (requiring Secretary to provide to a claimant timely notice of a
decision affecting the provision of benefits); 7104(e)(1) (providing that the Board "shall promptly
mail a copy of its written decision to the claimant at the last known address of the claimant"); Sthele,
supra.
         The second fact establishes that the appellant had knowledge of the 2008 Board decision, but
only as of February 2009 and not necessarily sooner. See supra note 1. Where the evidence shows
that the Secretary did not properly mail or remail the Board decision to the appellant's last known
address, the Court will not assume actual receipt of that decision until there is evidence of actual
receipt. Accordingly, the Court holds that the earliest point that the Secretary can demonstrate the
appellant had knowledge of the June 2008 Board decision, and therefore, actual receipt of it, is
February 27, 2009, when Mr. Boyd submitted his statement to the RO in which he stated his



received more than 200 days after July 11, 2008." Surreply at 5. The Court notes that, at oral argument, upon being
questioned, the Secretary acknowledged that the Board decision was not remailed on July 8, 2008, as stated in the
Secretary's surreply, and that the letter of remailing to the appellant is actually dated August 13, 2008.

                                                        13
disagreement with the June 2008 Board decision. See Hampton v. Nicholson, 20 Vet.App. 459, 461-
62 (2006) ("The unrebutted Report of Contact demonstrates actual knowledge of the contents of the
May 2002 Board decision by the appellant on May 20, 2002, and therefore his timely receipt thereof"
and finding that "the appellant had actual receipt of the Board decision as of May 20, 2002, thus
curing as of that date any defect in mailing."); Davis and Clark, both supra. Accordingly, the Court
further holds that the 120-day judicial-appeal period began to run on February 27, 2009. See
Hampton, Davis, and Clark, all supra.
                      ii. Abatement of Finality of June 2008 Board Decision
                              Due to Potential Motion for Reconsideration
        As noted above, the finality of a Board decision for purposes of appealing to the Court is
abated upon a claimant's filing of a motion for Board reconsideration within the 120-day appeal
period. See 38 C.F.R. § 20.1001(a) (2014) (motions for reconsideration); Rosler, 1 Vet.App. at 243-
44. This Court has authority to determine whether a document may be a motion for reconsideration.
See Fithian, 24 Vet.App. at 157; see also Ratliff, 26 Vet.App. at 360-61.
        In Ratliff, this Court acknowledged the Secretary's policy to treat all written expressions of
disagreement with a Board decision filed at the RO as potential motions for Board reconsideration
and to forward them for the Board to determine whether they are actual motions for reconsideration.
26 Vet.App. at 360-61. The policy requires the ROs and the AMC to "quickly identify possible
[motions for reconsideration] and promptly forward them to [the Board]." VA ADJUDICATION
PROCEDURES MANUAL (M21-1 MR), pt. I, ch. 5, § G.33.c-d, quoted in Ratliff, 26 Vet.App. at 358.
In Ratliff, this Court held
        that when a written expression of disagreement with a Board decision is filed at the
        RO during the 120-day period to file an NOA, it abates finality of the Board decision
        for purposes of appealing to the Court until one of the following actions is taken: (1)
        The Secretary determines the written disagreement is an NOA and returns it to the
        claimant with information concerning the proper location to lodge an appeal or
        forwards it to the Court and so notifies the claimant; (2) the Board Chairman
        determines the status of the document, that is, whether it is considered a motion for
        Board reconsideration or not, and notifies the claimant of its determination; or (3)
        the claimant files an NOA with the Court and, assuming that the Court becomes
        aware that prior to the filing of the NOA a written disagreement was filed with the
        RO within the Court's appeal period, determines that the written disagreement was
        a misfiled NOA and not a motion for Board reconsideration. Cf. Posey[, supra] and

                                                  14
         Boone[ v. Shinseki, 22 Vet.App. 412, 414 (2009)]; cf. Wachter v. Brown, 7 Vet.App.
         396, 397 (1995) (per curiam order) (holding that a premature NOA became effective
         upon the Chairman's denial of a motion for Board reconsideration).

                 We further hold that if the Secretary returns the written disagreement to the
         claimant or the Board determines that the written disagreement does not constitute
         a motion for Board reconsideration, the Secretary must notify the claimant that the
         Board decision, as of the date of notification to the claimant, is now deemed final and
         that the claimant has a new 120-day appeal period beginning with the date of the
         mailing of the notification.

Ratliff, 26 Vet.App. at 360-61 (emphasis added).
         Here, in February 2009, the appellant submitted to VA a statement that indicated his
disagreement with the 2008 Board decision; specifically, as to the first claim stream, he noted his
disagreement with the Board's finding that equitable tolling of the 60-day Substantive Appeal period
was not warranted and stated that, contrary to the Board decision, he had proof that he spoke with
a VA representative during that period and it consisted of the "sign in" roster with security staff and
with VA. R. at 71-72. As to the second claim stream, he stated that he was entitled to an earlier
effective date for his 30% rating. Id. This statement is a potential motion for Board reconsideration
of the June 2008 decision, which abates the finality of the 2008 Board decision for purposes of
appeal to this Court, until one of the actions noted in Ratliff is taken.
         However, none of the three actions noted above in the language quoted from Ratliff has yet
occurred.7 Indeed, as noted above, the Secretary took no action on the February 2009 statement to
the extent that it referenced the June 2008 Board decision. Because the 2009 statement reflects
disagreement with the 2008 Board decision and was filed with the RO within the 120-day appeal
period, the 2009 statement abated the finality of the June 2008 Board decision for purposes of
appealing to this Court, and the abatement continues until the Board Chairman determines whether
the February 2009 statement is a motion for Board reconsideration of the June 2008 Board decision.
See Ratliff, supra. Accordingly, the 2008 Board decision remained abated when the appellant filed
his NOA, and his NOA was prematurely filed with respect to this decision. See Wachter, supra.

         7
           We further note that the written disagreement does not reflect an intent to appeal to the Court and therefore
is not an NOA. See Rickett, 26 Vet.App. at 219 (noting that a written disagreement filed at the RO may constitute a
misfiled NOA if it reflected a clear intent to appeal to the Court).

                                                          15
        Moreover, the veteran's February 2009 statement is a potential motion for Board
reconsideration of the June 2008 Board decision as to both claim streams: His potential Board
reconsideration motion specifically mentioned both claim streams. R. at 71 ("[T]he information
given to me was inaccurate[,] which was the reason I missed my due date [as to the February 2000
Substantive Appeal]."); 72 ("I believe[] I am entitled to [an] earlier effective date than May 26[,]
1999[,] for the granting of a 30[%] disability evaluation . . . ."). To the extent the February 2009
statement expressed disagreement with the decision on the first claim stream, the matter is still
pending at VA awaiting action pursuant to Ratliff. To the extent the February 2009 statement
expressed disagreement with the June 2008 Board decision on the second claim stream, i.e., remand
of the earlier-effective-date issue on the 30% rating, VA acted on the statement by addressing its
substance in the April 2009 SSOC that was issued in connection with the second claim stream (R.
at 68), in the ensuing August 2009 Board decision as to that issue once further remand action had
been taken, and in the Board Chairman's subsequent, September 2010 denial of reconsideration of
the 2009 Board decision. Cf. Williams v. Peake, 521 F.3d 1348, 1351 (Fed. Cir. 2008) (holding that
"a subsequent final adjudication of a claim which is identical to a pending claim that had not been
finally adjudicated terminates the pending status of the earlier claim" and this "later disposition,
denying the claim on its merits, also decides that the earlier identical claim must fail") (citing Ingram
v. Nicholson, 21 Vet.App. 232, 243 (2007)); cf. also Charles v. Shinseki, 587 F.3d 1318, 1323 (Fed.
Cir. 2009) ("[W]hen the substance of a later-filed claim is addressed in an RO decision, the claimant
can infer that the earlier-filed claim based on the same disability has also been adjudicated.") (citing
Williams, 521 F.3d at 1350).
        Accordingly, the NOA remains premature as to the June 2008 Board decision on the issues
stemming from the first claim stream and the Court may not now consider the merits of those issues.
However, the NOA, since its filing, has become effective as to the 2009 Board decision and the
issues stemming from the second claim stream. It is effective despite the nonfinal 2008 Board
decision because, as discussed in the next section, the matters are separately appealable to this Court.
        Following the Board Chairman's determination as to whether the February 2009 statement
is a motion for Board reconsideration of the June 2008 Board decision on the first claim stream, the




                                                   16
appellant is entitled to a notice of appellate rights, including notice of a new 120-day judicial appeal
period beginning with the date of the notification's mailing. Ratliff, supra.
                    C. Whether the Board May Separately Adjudicate Matters
                           Deemed Inextricably Intertwined by the Court
        Although the appellant focuses on the Board's June 2008 decision in support of his argument
that the Board lacked authority to decide the Substantive Appeal issue separate from the
earlier-effective-date matter because in the Court's October 2007 remand decision both matters were
deemed inextricably intertwined, the June 2008 Board decision, as discussed above, is not on appeal.
Nevertheless, the argument applies equally to the Board's August 2009 decision.
        In its October 2007 remand decision, the Court directed the Board to discuss the potential
applicability of equitable tolling to the 60-day period for filing a Substantive Appeal following the
March 1999 SOC. The Court further stated that the matter of entitlement to an effective date earlier
than May 26, 1999, for the 30% rating for hypopigmentation "is inextricably intertwined with the
appellant's claim that he filed a timely Substantive Appeal." R. at 59. The Court explained that,
        because it is possible that the Board's decision on the Substantive Appeal issue could
        have a "significant impact" on the claim for an earlier effective date for the 30%
        disability rating for hypopigmentation, the Court will vacate the Board's decision in
        regard to the earlier effective date for hypopigmentation and remand the claim for
        readjudication.

Id. Overall, the Court's 2007 memorandum decision addressed (1) the first claim stream by
remanding it for the Board to determine whether tolling applied to the Substantive Appeal period
and (2) the second claim stream by declining to make a decision at that time on the effective-date
issue for the 30% rating assigned for hypopigmentation.
        As noted above, on remand the Board in its June 11, 2008, decision addressed (1) the first
claim stream by finding that the appellant's Substantive Appeal relating to his initial disability rating
and the effective date of service connection was untimely and that equitable tolling was not
warranted, and (2) the second claim stream by remanding the matter of an effective date earlier than
May 1999 for the increased (30%) rating based on the February 2000 claim for increased rating. The
second claim stream returned to the Board in August 2009, and the Board found that an effective
date earlier than May 1999 for the 30% rating was not warranted. R. at 3-15.


                                                   17
       The Court agrees with the Secretary that the Court's 2007 determination that the issues were
inextricably intertwined was relevant only to the extent that it provided support for its decision to
remand the issue of an earlier effective date for the 30% rating for purposes of judicial economy and
prudence. See Tyrues v. Shinseki, 23 Vet.App. 166, 178-79 (2009) (en banc) (holding that "[i]f we
find that the matter on appeal is inextricably intertwined with an issue or claim still pending before
VA, the Court generally will decline, for reasons of judicial economy or on prudential grounds, to
review the merits of the claim or issue adjudicated in the Board decision"), aff'd, 631 F.3d 1380,
1383 (Fed. Cir. 2011), vacated and remanded for reconsideration, 132 S. Ct. 75 (2011), reinstated
as modified, 26 Vet.App. 31 (2012) (per curiam order), aff'd, 732 F.3d 1351 (Fed. Cir. 2013). The
Court's 2007 decision held that judicial review of the Board decision on the effective date of the 30%
rating was not warranted because it was inextricably intertwined with the Substantive Appeal issue
being remanded in the same Court decision. Although remand on this basis was deemed appropriate
on the facts extant before and at the time of the Court's decision, the Court did not require the Board
to adjudicate the matters together. See Harris v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 180, 183 (1991) ("This Court
will neither review [Board] decisions in a piecemeal fashion nor unnecessarily interfere with the
Department of Veterans Affairs' (VA) deliberative process."), overruled on other grounds by Tyrues,
23 Vet.App. 166.
       Accordingly, the Court holds that the Board had the authority to issue separate decisions on
the issues of (1) whether the Substantive Appeal was timely as to the appeal stemming from the 1990
claim that involved the initial rating and effective date of service connection for hypopigmentation
and (2) whether the veteran was entitled to an effective date earlier than May 26, 1999, for the 30%
rating stemming from the 2000 claim for an increased rating. Moreover, each separate decision
denying these matters is separately appealable to this Court as a final decision.
       The Court's holding is consistent with Tyrues, supra. This is so because, as stated above, the
Court's October 2007 decision noting that the matters were inextricably intertwined for purposes of
judicial economy did not mandate to the Board on remand that the matters be decided together at the
agency level, and the Board's June 2008 decision, which was a mixed decision, clearly denied the
appeal as to the issue of the timeliness of the Substantive Appeal and provided adequate notice of
appellate rights on that issue. See Tyrues, 23 Vet.App. at 168 (holding that Board decision was a


                                                  18
final decision as to its denial of disability compensation for a lung condition under
direct-service-connection provision, 38 U.S.C. § 1110, even though the Board had remanded the
matter for additional development of evidence on whether the appellant was entitled to a
presumptive service connection based on Persian Gulf Syndrome), 180 (holding that the Board's
notice that was attached to the 1998 Board decision "informed the appellant that the appellate right
pertained to the Board's denial of service connection for a lung disorder on a direct basis, as the
matter was not remanded" and "[t]he appellant was thus on notice that VA considered the September
1998 decision of the Board to be a final decision on direct service connection for a lung disability");
Tyrues, 732 F.3d at 1356 (affirming this Court and stating that "the denial portion of a mixed
decision is a final decision available for Veterans Court review where the Board makes clear the
finality of that denial").
        In addition, the Board had the authority to issue the separate decisions without providing the
appellant with advance notice that it would do so. We further hold that the August 2009 Board
decision is properly on appeal even though the issues of an initial rating in excess of 10% and an
earlier effective date for service connection, which the Court previously deemed inextricably
intertwined with the issues now on appeal, are not yet final because finality of the 2008 Board
decision on those issues has been abated and currently remains so.
                             D. Appeal from August 2009 Board Decision
        The appellant challenges the May 26, 1999, effective date assigned to his increased (30%)
rating. With respect to the increased-rating claim stream, however, the appellant provides no basis
for an earlier effective date. He argues only that the Board failed to address medical reports dated
from 1982 through 1996 "showing whole body involvement" of loss of pigmentation. Appellant's
Brief at 27-28.
        Generally, for an original claim or a claim reopened after final adjudication, the effective date
can be no earlier than the date of the claim. See 38 U.S.C. § 5110(a). The effective date for an
increased evaluation is generally the "date of receipt of the claim [for increase] or the date
entitlement arose, whichever is later." 38 C.F.R. § 3.400(o)(1) (2014); see 38 U.S.C. § 5110(a). An
effective date may be assigned during the one-year period prior to the date of the claim for an
increased rating if, during that period, it became "factually ascertainable that an increase in disability


                                                   19
had occurred," pursuant to section 5110(b)(2) and § 3.400(o)(2). See Dalton v. Nicholson,
21 Vet.App. 23, 34-35 (2007). Because the appellant filed his increased-rating claim in February
2000, the earliest effective date he may receive as to this claim would be February 1999; but the
appellant points to no evidence during the one-year look-back period that would support a date
earlier than May 26, 1999. Accordingly, the appellant fails to demonstrate that the Board erred in
its decision. See Hilkert v. West, 12 Vet.App. 145, 151 (1999) (en banc) (holding that the appellant
has the burden of demonstrating error), aff'd per curiam, 232 F.3d 908 (Fed. Cir. 2000) (table).
Therefore, the Court will affirm the August 2009 Board decision with respect to its determination
as to the increased-rating claim that was the subject of the second claim stream.
        The Court makes clear that its affirmance of the August 2009 Board decision does not
preclude the appellant's potential right to a disability rating higher than his initial 10% rating before
May 26, 1999, and entitlement to an effective date earlier than March 26, 1990, based on his March
1990 claim to reopen, as well as the timeliness of the Substantive Appeal. The veteran retains the
ability to continue to seek relief on these matters that are at issue in the first claim stream. Because
the first claim stream culminated in the June 2008 Board decision that found the veteran's February
2000 Substantive Appeal untimely as to those issues, and because that decision is currently the
subject of a possible request for Board reconsideration, those issues remain untouched by the
affirmance of the 2009 Board decision.
        Further, the Court will modify the August 2009 Board decision to remove findings that might
preclude the veteran from obtaining relief on the matters at issue in the first claim stream. See
38 U.S.C. § 7252(a) (providing the Court with "the power to affirm, modify, or reverse a decision
of the Board, or to remand the matter"); R. at 6 (August 2009 Board concludes that whether the
February 2000 Substantive Appeal was timely "has been decided" and "is now final"); R. at 15
(despite recognizing that there is only a one-year look-back period as to his February 2000 claim for
an increased rating, the August 2009 Board reviews medical evidence from as far back as the 1980s
and broadly concludes that "it was not factually ascertainable prior to May 26, 1999, that the service
member was entitled to an evaluation of 30[%] for his service connected skin disability"). Because
we consider and affirm the 2009 Board decision on the second claim stream, that matter is concluded
and the only matters pending before the Board pertain to the first claim stream. See Means v. Brown,


                                                   20
9 Vet.App. 482, 483 (1996) (per curiam) (noting that "under the 'law of the case' doctrine, an earlier
determination by an appellate court is binding upon any administrative tribunal subject to the
decision of that court").
        Accordingly, the Court will dismiss the appeal from the June 2008 Board decision, which
found not timely a February 2000 Substantive Appeal challenging the award of a 10% rating and the
effective date of March 26, 1990, for service connection for hypopigmentation, as premature because
a potential motion for Board reconsideration as to those issues was filed within 120 days of the 2008
Board decision and remains pending. Although the appeal will be dismissed, the Court expects the
Board's compliance with Ratliff, supra, and, if the Board construes the submission as a motion for
reconsideration and denies it, VA is required to provide a new 120-day judicial appeal notice as part
of the Ratliff notification.


                                        IV. CONCLUSION
        Upon consideration of the foregoing, the appeal from the June 2008 Board decision is
DISMISSED without prejudice. In addition, the August 2009 Board decision denying an effective
date earlier than May 26, 1999, for the grant of a 30% disability rating for postinflammatory
hypopigmentation of the face, back, chest, and abdomen based on a February 2000 increased-rating
claim is MODIFIED to remove Board's findings that might preclude the veteran from obtaining relief
on the matters at issue in June 2008 Board decision–e.g., Board comments on the finality of the June
2008 Board decision and Board findings relating to entitlement to an effective date earlier than
May 26, 1999, that were made on a basis other than the February 2000 increased-rating claim–and,
as modified, is AFFIRMED. As stated above, the Court's affirmance of the August 2009 Board
decision does not affect the appellant's potential right to a disability rating higher than 10% for the
period prior to May 26, 1999, and an earlier effective date of service connection, based on his March
1990 claim to reopen, which are issues that remain pending with VA until the Board Chairman takes
action on the appellant's February 2009 potential motion for Board reconsideration of the June 2008
Board decision.




                                                  21
