[Cite as State v. Marr, 2018-Ohio-5061.]




                      IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                          THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
                              VAN WERT COUNTY




STATE OF OHIO,

        PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT,                              CASE NO. 15-18-09

        v.

TYLER D. MARR,                                            OPINION

        DEFENDANT-APPELLEE.




                Appeal from Van Wert County Common Pleas Court
                          Trial Court No. CR-17-02-021

                                      Judgment Affirmed

                          Date of Decision: December 17, 2018




APPEARANCES:

        Tyler W. Dunham for Appellant

        Scott R. Gordon for Appellee
Case No. 15-18-09


SHAW, J.

       {¶1} The State of Ohio brings this appeal from the July 9, 2018, judgment of

the Van Wert County Common Pleas Court granting the motion to dismiss filed by

defendant-appellee, Tyler Marr (“Marr”). On appeal, the State argues that the trial

court erred by finding that Marr’s handwritten letter filed with the trial court

substantially complied with R.C. 2963.30, the Interstate Agreement on Detainers

(“IAD”), and that as a result of erroneously finding substantial compliance in this

case, the trial court erred in finding that the State failed to bring Marr to trial within

180 days of the receipt of his letter.

                       Relevant Facts and Procedural History

       {¶2} On February 2, 2017, Marr was indicted for seven counts of Burglary

in violation of R.C. 2911.12(A)(2), all felonies of the second degree. Each count

concerned a different burglary on a different date, ranging from May 19, 2016, to

July 12, 2016.

       {¶3} On April 3, 2017, a letter written by Marr was filed with the trial court

in this case, reading as follows.

       Dear Judge Burch[field]
       My name is Tyler Derrick Marr. I am writing you today in the
       hope that I might be able to get some information on an open case
       filed against me in Van Wert. I am incarcerated at Miami
       Correctional Facility in Bunker Hill, Indiana on an unrelated
       charge. I have been notified of 7 Felony 2nd degree burglary
       charges that have been filed against me in Van Wert Ohio. My
       intention is to get transported to Van Wert to get arraigned on

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       these chargers or have them dismissed. Could you provide me
       with any cause [sic] number pertaining to these charges? I have
       not been read warrants or been given any information on the
       seven charges. I would like to move forward with this case and
       bring about a resolution to it as soon as possible. Any information
       you can provide on the charges themselves and also what I may
       need to do to get a transport order to face the charges. I’ll provide
       all of my personal information as well as my location in Indiana
       Dept. of Corrections. Thank you very much.

(Doc. No. 4). The letter was signed by Marr. On a second page it contained his

date of birth, his social security number, his inmate number in the Indiana

Department of Corrections, and his current location, specifying even the cell.

       {¶4} The common pleas court provided a copy of the letter to the Van Wert

County Prosecutor’s Office in April of 2017.

       {¶5} In July of 2017, the Van Wert County Prosecutor delivered forms

requesting temporary custody of Marr pursuant to Article IV of the IAD. On

November 17, 2017, Marr signed forms requesting, pursuant to Article III of the

IAD, to be transferred to Van Wert for the purposes of bringing his untried

indictment to final disposition.

       {¶6} It is unclear in the record why, but Marr was not delivered to Van Wert

until April 23, 2018.

       {¶7} On April 25, 2018, Marr was arraigned and he pled not guilty to the

charges. He also had counsel appointed for him at that time.




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           {¶8} On May 24, 2018, Marr filed a motion to dismiss arguing that pursuant

to R.C. 2963.30, Article III of the IAD, he had not been brought to trial within 180

days of receipt of his April 3, 2017, letter.1

           {¶9} On June 7, 2018, the State filed a response to Marr’s motion to dismiss,

contending, inter alia, that Marr’s letter had not substantially complied with

provisions of the IAD such that the speedy trial time therein was invoked.

           {¶10} On July 3, 2018, the parties submitted a joint stipulation of facts for

the trial court to use in determining the motion to dismiss. They read as follows.

           1.     On March 28, 2017, Tyler Marr delivered a handwritten
                  letter to the Van Wert County Court of Common Pleas. The
                  purpose of Mr. Marr’s letter was to inform the Court that
                  Mr. Marr was incarcerated at the Miami Correctional
                  Facility in Bunker Hill, Indiana and to request
                  transportation to Van Wert County for the purpose of
                  resolving an untried indictment against him. * * *

           2.     In early April of 2017, Tyler Marr’s letter was received by
                  the Van Wert County Court of Common Pleas. A copy of
                  the letter was shortly thereafter provided to the Van Wert
                  County Prosecutor.

           3.     In July 2017, the Van Wert County Prosecutor prepared and
                  delivered forms requesting temporary custody of Tyler Marr
                  pursuant to Article IV of the Interstate Agreement on
                  Detainers. * * *

           4.     On November 17, 2017, Tyler Marr signed forms requesting
                  pursuant to Article III of the Interstate Agreement on
                  Detainers that he be delivered to the custody of the Van Wert
                  County Sheriff for purposes of bringing his untried

1
    The letter was dated March 28, 2017, but it was file-stamped April 3, 2017.

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Case No. 15-18-09


            indictment to final disposition. Tyler Marr’s request was
            delivered to the Van Wert County Prosecuting Attorney on
            November 22, 2017 via fax. * * *

       5.   Tyler Marr’s request described in paragraph 4 herein was
            not delivered to the Van Wert County Court of Common
            Pleas either by Tyler Marr or by the Miami Correctional
            Facility in any matter.

       6.   On April 23, 2018, Tyler Marr was delivered to the Van Wert
            County Correctional Facility.

       7.   On April 25, 2018, Tyler Marr appeared in the Van Wert
            County Court of Common Pleas for purposes of
            arraignment. Attorney Scott Gordon was appointed by the
            Court to represent Mr. Marr.

       8.   On May 9, 2018, this case appeared for an initial pre-trial
            conference. On this date, Tyler Marr delivered to the Court
            a handwritten letter requesting alternate counsel, citing as a
            basis his dissatisfaction with Attorney Gordon. * * *

       9.   On May 24, 2018, this case appeared for a second pre-trial
            conference. On this date, Mr. Marr appeared in open court
            and withdrew his request for new counsel. Also on this date,
            Attorney Gordon filed a Motion to Dismiss on Mr. Marr’s
            behalf.

(Doc. No. 24). The stipulations were signed by both the State and defense counsel.

       {¶11} On July 9, 2018, trial court filed its entry granting Marr’s motion to

dismiss. The trial court set forth the issue to be determined as follows.

       The question then arises did the Defendant substantially comply
       with R.C. 2963.30 and the IAD by his initial handwritten letter in
       March/April 2017 or the November 17, 2017 facsimile to the
       prosecuting attorney.



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           If the April 2017 letter substantially complied then the
      Defendant is beyond time. If November 17, 2017 dated facsimile
      delivered November 22, 2017 is substantially compliant then 166
      days had elapsed on May 9, 2018, when the request for new
      counsel was delivered to the Court.

(Doc. No. 26).

      {¶12} After analyzing some case authority, the trial court conducted the

following analysis.

      In the present case the defendant caused a letter to be delivered
      to the Court by April 3, 2017 [that] requested timely disposition of
      the Defendant’s case. That letter included the Defendant’s
      location. The State acknowledges receiving that letter from the
      Court. The State demonstrates actual knowledge by the July 2017
      request to the Indiana prison.

           In this case the Court and the State had both received the
      Defendant’s request in April 2017, thirteen months before the
      Defendant’s motion to dismiss. Further the State made a request
      under the State section of the IAD for possession of the Defendant
      in July 2017. That request was nine months before the Defendant
      provided his letter requesting a new attorney May 9, 2018.

           Whether the delay is the fault of the State or the prison
      authorities in Indiana is not relevant as over a year passed since
      the prisoner made his request and two lengthy delays ensued
      between July 2017 and November 2017 and also November 2017
      and April 2018 over which the prisoner had no control.

            ***

           In this case there is no reasonable excuse for the delay from
      both April 3, 2017 or July 2017 for this defendant to have made
      available for trial and therefore this case is dismissed.

(Doc. No. 26).


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Case No. 15-18-09


       {¶13} It is from this judgment that the State appeals, asserting the following

assignment of error for our review.

                              Assignment of Error
       The trial [court] erred in dismissing case number CR 17-02-021
       for failure to bring the matter to trial within 180 days of the date
       that the court and prosecuting attorney received appellee’s letter
       dated March 28, 2017.

       {¶14} The State argues in its assignment of error that the trial court erred by

finding that Marr’s April 2017 letter substantially complied with the IAD.

                                Standard of Review

       {¶15} Generally, we review a trial court’s decision on a motion to dismiss

under an abuse of discretion standard. See State v. Keenan, 143 Ohio St.3d 397,

2015–Ohio–2484; State v. Thompson, 3d Dist. Logan No. 8-17-06, 2017-Ohio-

8686, ¶ 16. However, speedy trial issues present mixed questions of law and

fact. State v. Hemingway, 8th Dist. Nos. 96699, 96700, 2012–Ohio–476, ¶ 8.

Therefore, we apply a de novo standard of review to the legal issues but give

deference to any factual findings made by the trial court. Id. citing Cleveland v.

Adkins, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 83295, 2004-Ohio-1118, ¶ 5.

                                      The IAD

       {¶16} The IAD is codified in R.C. 2963.30. Its provisions relevant to this

case read as follows.




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Case No. 15-18-09


                     THE INTERSTATE AGREEMENT
                            ON DETAINERS

      The contracting states solemnly agree that:

                                   Article I
      The party states find that charges outstanding against a prisoner,
      detainers based on untried indictments, informations or
      complaints, and difficulties in securing speedy trials of persons
      already incarcerated in other jurisdictions, produce uncertainties
      which obstruct programs of prisoner treatment and
      rehabilitation. Accordingly, it is the policy of the party states and
      the purpose of this agreement to encourage the expeditious and
      orderly disposition of such charges and determination of the
      proper status of any and all detainers based on untried
      indictments, informations or complaints. The party states also
      find that proceedings with reference to such charges and
      detainers, when emanating from another jurisdiction, cannot
      properly be had in the absence of cooperative procedures. It is the
      further purpose of this agreement to provide such cooperative
      procedures.

      ***

                                   Article III
      (a) Whenever a person has entered upon a term of
      imprisonment in a penal or correctional institution of a party
      state, and whenever during the continuance of the term of
      imprisonment there is pending in any other party state any
      untried indictment, information or complaint on the basis of
      which a detainer has been lodged against the prisoner, he shall be
      brought to trial within one hundred eighty days after he shall have
      caused to be delivered to the prosecuting officer and the
      appropriate court of the prosecuting officer’s jurisdiction written
      notice of the place of his imprisonment and his request for a final
      disposition to be made of the indictment, information or
      complaint: provided that for good cause shown in open court, the
      prisoner or his counsel being present, the court having
      jurisdiction of the matter may grant any necessary or reasonable
      continuance. The request of the prisoner shall be accompanied by

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Case No. 15-18-09


      a certificate of the appropriate official having custody of the
      prisoner, stating the term of commitment under which the
      prisoner is being held, the time already served, the time remaining
      to be served on the sentence, the amount of good time earned, the
      time of parole eligibility of the prisoner, and any decisions of the
      state parole agency relating to the prisoner.

      (b) The written notice and request for final disposition referred
      to in paragraph (a) hereof shall be given or sent by the prisoner
      to the warden, commissioner of corrections or other official
      having custody of him, who shall promptly forward it together
      with the certificate to the appropriate prosecuting official and
      court by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested.

      (c) The warden, commissioner of corrections or other official
      having custody of the prisoner shall promptly inform him of the
      source and contents of any detainer lodged against him and shall
      also inform him of his right to make a request for final disposition
      of the indictment, information or complaint on which the detainer
      is based.

      (d) Any request for final disposition made by a prisoner
      pursuant to paragraph (a) hereof shall operate as a request for
      final disposition of all untried indictments, informations or
      complaints on the basis of which detainers have been lodged
      against the prisoner from the state to whose prosecuting official
      the request for final disposition is specifically directed. The
      warden, commissioner of corrections or other officials having
      custody of the prisoner shall forthwith notify all appropriate
      prosecuting officers and courts in the several jurisdictions within
      the state to which the prisoner’s request for final disposition is
      being sent of the proceeding being initiated by the prisoner. Any
      notification sent pursuant to this paragraph shall be accompanied
      by copies of the prisoner’s written notice, request, and the
      certificate. If trial is not had on any indictment, information or
      complaint contemplated hereby prior to the return of the prisoner
      to the original place of imprisonment, such indictment,
      information or complaint shall not be of any further force or
      effect, and the court shall enter an order dismissing the same with
      prejudice.

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Case No. 15-18-09



      (e) Any request for final disposition made by a prisoner
      pursuant to paragraph (a) hereof shall also be deemed to be a
      waiver of extradition with respect to any charge or proceeding
      contemplated thereby or included therein by reason of paragraph
      (d) hereof, and a waiver of extradition to the receiving state to
      serve any sentence there imposed upon him, after completion of
      his term of imprisonment in the sending state. The request for
      final disposition shall also constitute a consent by the prisoner to
      the production of his body in any court where his presence may
      be required in order to effectuate the purposes of this agreement
      and a further consent voluntarily to be returned to the original
      place of imprisonment in accordance with the provisions of this
      agreement. Nothing in this paragraph shall prevent the
      imposition of a concurrent sentence if otherwise permitted by law.

      ***

                                  Article IX
      This agreement shall be liberally construed so as to effectuate its
      purposes. The provisions of this agreement shall be severable and
      if any phrase, clause, sentence or provision of this agreement is
      declared to be contrary to the constitution of any party state or of
      the United States or the applicability thereof to any government,
      agency, person or circumstance is held invalid, the validity of the
      remainder of this agreement and the applicability thereof to any
      agreement, agency, person or circumstance shall not be affected
      thereby. * * *

R.C. 2963.30.

                            Argument and Analysis.

      {¶17} Both parties seem to be in agreement that under the IAD, the 180 day

speedy trial time period begins to run when Marr substantially complied with the

requirements in the IAD. State v. Thorn, 7th Dist. Belmont No. 16 BE 0054, 2018-

Ohio-1028, ¶ 18, appeal not allowed, 153 Ohio St.3d 1441, 2018-Ohio-2834, ¶ 18

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(2018), citing State v. Quinones, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 86959, 2006-Ohio-4096,

quoting State v. Mourey, 64 Ohio St.3d 482, 485, 597 N.E.2d 101 (1992).

Substantial compliance means the defendant did “ ‘everything that could be

reasonably expected.’ ” Quinones quoting State v. Ferguson, 41 Ohio App.3d 306

(10th Dist. 1987).

       {¶18} However, the State argues that Marr’s letter received by the trial court

April, 3 2017, did not substantially comply with the IAD as it was a “blanket

demand.” (Appt.’s Br. at 8). The State argues that unlike cases where substantial

compliance under this statute and similar statutes have been found, Marr’s letter was

not properly filed with the trial court, that it made no reference to R.C. 2963.30, and

that it made no explicit demand for a speedy trial. The State argues that permitting

a letter such as Marr’s to constitute “substantial compliance” creates a bar too low

that could prejudice the State.

       {¶19} At the outset of our analysis, we note that the State is fundamentally

incorrect in stating that Marr’s letter was never properly filed with the trial court.

In fact, the State actually stipulated to the trial court that the letter was received by

the Van Wert County Common Pleas Court in April of 2017, and that a copy of the

letter was thereafter provided to the Van Wert County Prosecutor. The record itself

clearly indicates that the letter was filed in the trial court on April 3, 2017. (Doc.

No. 4). It is disingenuous for the State to now suggest, multiple places in its brief,


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Case No. 15-18-09


that the letter was not properly filed with the trial court.2 Thus its argument on

appeal is based, in part, on a faulty premise.

         {¶20} Nevertheless, it is true that Marr never specifically cited R.C. 2963.30

in his letter, which would have more clearly invoked the IAD. However, we

disagree with the State’s contention that the letter never contained a demand for a

speedy trial. Marr’s letter stated, “I would like to move forward with this case and

bring about a resolution to it as soon as possible.” (Doc. No. 4). Although the words

“speedy trial” were not stated, the phrase used by Marr is undoubtedly closely tied

to the principle underlying speedy trial rights. Despite these seeming contradictions

in the State’s argument, the State still contends that Marr’s letter was not in

substantial compliance with the IAD.

         {¶21} In State v. Mourey, 64 Ohio St.3d 482, 1992-Ohio-32, the Supreme

Court of Ohio originally found that substantial compliance with the IAD was

sufficient, and held as follows as to what was required for substantial compliance

under the IAD.

         1. The one-hundred-eighty-day time period set forth in R.C.
         2963.30, Ohio’s codification of the Interstate Agreement on
         Detainers, begins to run when a prisoner substantially complies
         with the requirements of the statute set forth in Article III(a) and
         (b) thereof.


2
  At page 1 of the State’s brief, the State contends, “Although Appellee’s letter was never filed with the
court, a copy of the letter was provided to the Van Wert County Prosecuting Attorney.” Then, at page 8 of
the State’s brief, the State argues, “Although Appellee’s letter was never filed with the court, a copy of the
letter was provided to the Van Wert County Prosecuting Attorney.”

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Case No. 15-18-09


       2. A prisoner substantially complies with the requirements of
       Article III(a) and (b) of R.C. 2963.30 when he or she causes to be
       delivered to the prison officials where incarcerated, appropriate
       notice or documentation requesting a disposition of the charges
       for which the detainer has been filed against him or her.

Mourey at syllabus.

       {¶22} However, “[t]he Mourey holding that mere delivery of the request to

the prison officials satisfies the statute was soon effectively overruled by the United

States Supreme Court in Fex v. Michigan, 507 U.S. 43, 113 S.Ct. 1085, 122 L.Ed.2d

406 (1993).” State v. Moore, 3d Dist. Union Nos. 14-14-06, 14-14-07, 14-14-08,

14-14-11, 14-14-12, 2014-Ohio-4879, ¶ 21. Reviewing a Michigan IAD case, the

United States Supreme Court held that “the 180–day time period in Article III(a) of

the IAD does not commence until the prisoner’s request for final disposition of the

charges against him has actually been delivered to the court and prosecuting

officer[.]” Fex at 52, 113 S.Ct. 1085; see State v. Ward, 10th Dist. Franklin No.

02AP–56, 2002-Ohio-4852, ¶¶ 48–49 (recognizing that the Fex holding “effectively

overruled that portion of Mourey ”). “Yet, the Mourey reasoning and the substantial

compliance standard continue to be governing law in Ohio.” Moore at ¶ 21.

       {¶23} Cases similar to the facts before us have been analyzed under R.C

2941.401—Ohio’s statute regarding intrastate requests by a prisoner for speedy trial

on pending charges. In State v. Moore, 3d Dist. Union Nos. 14-14-06, 14-14-07,

14-14-08, 14-14-11, 14-14-12, 2014-Ohio-4879, we found that a defendant had


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Case No. 15-18-09


substantially complied with the requisite statute by sending a letter to the prosecutor

requesting speedy trial even though the letter did not have a Warden’s certificate or

some specific information regarding the defendant’s release date. See also, State v.

Barrett, 191 Ohio App.3d 245, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 94434, 2010-Ohio-5139.

We found that we could not hold a defendant accountable for a Warden’s inaction,

and that the letter held enough information to put the State on notice. Moore at ¶

34.

       {¶24} Similar to Moore, in this case, Marr’s letter did more than request

speedy trial. His letter clearly identified where he was incarcerated, it had his social

security number, his inmate number, and his desire to be transported to face the

charges. As the State notes in its brief, “[f]or reasons that are not known, [Marr’s]

request * * * was not fully processed by the Miami Correctional Facility until

November 17, 2017.” The trial court also notes that it is unclear whether the State

or the prison authorities in Indiana were at fault for the delay.

       {¶25} Regardless of fault in this case, undoubtedly, pursuant to the

stipulations of the parties, Marr caused his request to be delivered to both the trial

court, where it was filed, then later it was received by the prosecutor. The letter

contained Marr’s request to have the matter resolved as soon as possible, and it

contained the information on where Marr was incarcerated. There is also no

explanation in the record for the additional delay of roughly one year from the time


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of the notification in April of 2017 to Marr’s transport to Van Wert for arraignment

in April of 2018. Based on the record before us, we cannot find that the trial court’s

determination that Marr’s letter constituted substantial compliance under R.C.

2963.30, and that Marr’s speedy trial rights thereunder were violated, was

erroneous. Therefore, the State’s assignment of error is overruled.

                                     Conclusion

       {¶26} For the foregoing reasons the State’s assignment of error is overruled

and the judgment of the Van Wert County Common Pleas is affirmed.

                                                                 Judgment Affirmed

WILLAMOWSKI, P.J. and PRESTON, J., concur.

/jlr




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