                                                                    2GI5KOV-9 AiiS:3G
      IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

In the Matter of the Dependency of
                                                 DIVISION ONE
M.M.D.-D.,
DOB: 4/20/11,                                    No. 73254-4-I


                    Minor Child.
                                                 UNPUBLISHED OPINION
SHAMIRA DOBSON,

                    Appellant,


STATE OF WASHINGTON,
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND
HEALTH SERVICES,

                     Respondent.                 FILED: November 9, 2015


      Dwyer, J. - RCW 13.34.200(3) requires the trial court to include a

statement addressing sibling relationships on an order terminating parental
rights. Shamira Dobson contends that the trial court's failure to comply with this
requirement constituted reversible error. She also contends that RCW
13.34.190, which requires a determination that termination is in the best interests

of the child, is unconstitutionally vague. Because Dobson's arguments do not

establish a basis for appellate relief, we affirm the order terminating her parental

rights to her daughter M.M.



       The relevant facts are undisputed. M.M., born on April 20, 2011, is the

daughter ofShamira Dobson. At the time of M.M.'s birth, Dobson had a prior
No. 73254-4-1/2



history of parenting issues involving inadequate parenting skills, mental health,

and lack of appropriate housing. Dobson's parental rights to MD, M.M.'s older

sister, were terminated in September 2010.

      The Department of Social and Health Services (Department) removed

M.M. from Dobson's care over concerns about Dobson's unstable housing

arrangements and possible drug use. Dobson entered into an agreed

dependency order as to M.M. on August 31, 2012. The dispositional order

required Dobson to complete a drug and alcohol evaluation, a mental health

intake and a parenting assessment and to comply with any treatment

recommendations. Dobson also agreed to establish paternity and complete

random urinalysis testing and parenting classes. The Department placed M.M.

with her paternal grandparents.

       Dobson has had no contact with M.M. since November 2012. In February

2013, Dobson moved to San Diego, where she has remained. While in

California, Dobson gave birth to two sons: C.H., born May 2, 2013, and J.D.,

born October 8, 2014. After Dobson acknowledged to California child protective

service workers that she had been using methamphetamines, a California court

found both children to be dependent.

       Through most of 2013 and into 2014, Rashida Ballard, Dobson's

Washington social worker, sent letters and emails to Dobson about the

dependency proceeding involving M.M. Ballard repeatedly reminded Dobson

about her Washington court-ordered services and advised her that she could
No. 73254-4-1/3



participate in those services in California. Ballard was concerned by Dobson's

lack of response.

          On August 22, 2014, the Department petitioned for termination of

Dobson's parental rights to M.M. During a three-day trial in January 2015, the

trial court heard from Dobson's Washington and California social workers, M.M.'s

court-appointed special advocate, and a drug and alcohol treatment provider.

Dobson testified by telephone. On March 2, 2015, the trial court entered

findings of fact, conclusions of law, and an order terminating Dobson's parental

rights.

          The court found that the Department had offered or provided Dobson all

reasonably available, necessary services, but that there had been no substantial

improvement in her parenting skills since the dependency began. The court

recognized that Dobson was currently in treatment, but found that her recovery

was tenuous given her acknowledged relapse and use of methamphetamines.

          The court further found that, given her addiction, admitted current

unfitness to parent M.M., and chronic homelessness, Dobson's recovery would

likely require at least a year, a period not within the foreseeable future for four-
year-old M.M. The court noted that Dobson had made no efforts to contact M.M.
since November 2012 and that her contact with the Department had been only

sporadic.

          The court concluded that the State had proved the six termination factors

in RCW 13.34.180(1 )(a)-(f) by clear, cogent, and convincing evidence. The court
No. 73254-4-1/4



also found the evidence established that termination was in M.M.'s best interest.

RCW 13.34.190.

       Dobson appeals.

                                             II


       Dobson has not assigned error to any of the trial court's findings of fact.

They are therefore verities on appeal. In re Dependency of J.A.F., 168 Wn. App.

653, 667, 278 P.3d 673 (2012). Nor does she challenge the sufficiency of the

evidence to support the six statutory termination factors in RCW 13.34.180(1 )1 or

the trial court's determination that termination is in M.M.'s best interest under

RCW 13.34.190. Rather, she contends that the termination order must be

reversed because the trial court failed to include a statement addressing M.M.'s

sibling relationships in accordance with RCW 13.34.200(3).
       RCW 13.34.200(3) provides that "[a]n order terminating the parent-child

relationship shall include a statement addressing the status ofthe child's sibling
relationships and the nature and extent ofsibling placement, contact, or visits."
The State does not dispute that the provision is mandatory and reflects the

Legislature's intention to encourage consideration ofsibling relationships when
appropriate under the specific circumstances of each case:


        1These are: (1) the child is dependent, (2) the court has entered a dispositional
order, (3) the child has been removed from the parent's custody for at least six months
pursuant to a dependency finding, (4) all necessary services which could correct the
parental deficiencies have been offered, (5) there is little likelihood that the parental
condition can be remedied in the near future, and (6) continuation of the parent and child
relationship clearly diminishes the child's prospects for early integration into a stable and
permanent home. RCW 13.34.180(1)(a)-(f).
No. 73254-4-1/5



       "It is the intent of the legislature to recognize the importance of
       emotional ties formed by siblings with each other, especially in
       those circumstances which warrant court intervention into family
       relationships. It is the intent of the legislature to encourage the
       courts and public agencies which deal with families to acknowledge
       and give thoughtful consideration to the quality and nature of sibling
       relationships when intervening in family relationships. It is not the
       intent of the legislature to create legal obligations or responsibilities
       between siblings and other family members whether by blood or
       marriage, step families, foster families, or adopted families that do
       not already exist. Neither is it the intent of the legislature to
       mandate sibling placement, contact, or visitation if there is
       reasonable cause to believe that the health, safety, or welfare of a
       child or siblings would be jeopardized. Finally, it is not the intent of
       the legislature to manufacture or anticipate family relationships
       which do not exist at the time of the court intervention, or to disrupt
       already existing positive family relationships."

In re Welfare of A.G.. 155 Wn. App. 578, 596-97, 229 P.3d 935 (2010) (quoting

Laws of 2003, ch. 227, § 1), review granted and reversed on other grounds

following remand, 160 Wn. App. 841, 248 P.3d 611 (2011).

       The State included a separate section on RCW 13.34.200(3) in its trial

memorandum. But the parties apparently raised no arguments related to the

provision, and the trial court did not refer to it during its oral decision or include a

specific statement referencing the statute in the termination order.

       The State contends that the trial court's findings are sufficient either to

comply with RCW 13.34.200(3) or to constitute substantial compliance. But the

findings recite little more than the fact that the parental rights of M.M.'s older half-
sister were terminated in 2010 and that her two younger half-brothers are

involved in dependency proceedings in California. The findings disclose no

meaningful information about the nature of M.M.'s relationship, if any, with her
No. 73254-4-1/6



siblings. Given the unambiguous statutory directive, a mere cursory reference to

the existence of siblings satisfies neither the letter nor the spirit of RCW

13.34.200(3).2

       Nonetheless, Dobson has not cited any authority suggesting that a failure

to comply with RCW 13.34.200(3) requires automatic reversal of the termination

order. Cf. A.G., 155 Wn. App. at 596 (affirming termination despite failure to

comply with RCW 13.34.200(3)). The trial court herein concluded that the State

had established the six termination factors by clear, cogent, and convincing

evidence and that termination was in M.M.'s best interests. As indicated, Dobson

has not challenged the sufficiency of the evidence to support those conclusions.

Nor has she suggested that the failure to comply with RCW 13.34.200(3)

adversely affected the trial court's assessment of the evidence or its decision to

terminate her parental rights.

       Parents have a fundamental liberty and privacy interest in the care,

custody, and management of their children. In re Dependency of J.H., 117

Wn.2d 460, 473, 815 P.2d 1380 (1991). But this fundamental parental right must

be balanced with the State's compelling interest in providing maximum protection

for dependent children. In re Welfare of S.E., 63 Wn. App. 244, 250, 820 P.2d 47


       2 The State contends that Dobson failed to raise the issue below and may
therefore not raise it for the first time on appeal. But the State does not cite any relevant
supporting authority or indicate how Dobson should have raised the issue below. We
therefore decline to consider the State's contentions. See Habitat Watch v. Skagit
County. 155 Wn.2d 397, 416, 120 P.3d 56 (2005) (appellate court will not review issues
supported by inadequate legal arguments).
No. 73254-4-1/7



(1991). When the rights of parents and the welfare of their children conflict, the

legislature has declared that the "rights and safety of the child should prevail."

RCW 13.34.020. The child's rights include "the right to a safe, stable, and

permanent home" and a "speedy resolution" of dependency and termination

proceedings. RCW 13.34.020

       To reverse the termination order for what we presume was the trial court's

inadvertent omission, without any allegation or demonstration of prejudice, would

undermine the strong policy favoring permanence and finality for children

following termination proceedings. Under the circumstances here, Dobson is not
entitled to the requested relief. See Thomas v. French, 99 Wn.2d 95, 104, 659
P.2d 1097 (1983) (error without prejudice is not ground for reversal).
                                           Ill


       Dobson contends that RCW 13.34.190, which requires the trial court to

find that termination is in the best interests of the child, is unconstitutionally

vague. She argues that the statute violates due process because it fails to
provide even minimal guidelines to reduce the risk of arbitrary application.
       An appellate court reviews the constitutionality ofa statute de novo. In re
Dependency of K.R., 128 Wn.2d 129, 142, 904 P.2d 1132 (1995). We presume

that the statute is constitutional, and the party challenging that presumption bears

the burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that the statute is
 unconstitutional. In re Welfare of A.W.. 182 Wn.2d 689, 701, 344 P.3d 1186

(2015).
No. 73254-4-1/8



      "In any vagueness challenge, the first step is to determine if the statute in

question is to be examined as applied to the particular case or to be reviewed on

its face." City of Spokane v. Douglass, 115Wn.2d 171, 181-82, 795 P.2d 693

(1990). A vagueness challenge to a statute that does not involve First

Amendment rights must be evaluated "in light of the particular facts of each

case." Douglass, 115 Wn.2d at 182.

       Washington courts have determined that termination proceedings do not

involve First Amendment rights. See In re Welfare of H.S., 94 Wn. App. 511,

524, 973 P.2d 474 (1999) (vagueness challenge to RCW 13.34.180(5)); In re

Dependency of C.B.. 79 Wn. App. 686, 689, 904 P.2d 1171 (1995) (challenge to

former RCW 13.34.190(2)). Thus, Dobson's facial challenge must fail. Because

she does not allege that the best interests standard is vague as applied to the

facts of her case, her argument must fail in its entirety.

       Affirmed.




We concur:



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