                                                          FILED
                                                           JAN 30 2012
 1                                                     SUSAN M SPRAUL, CLERK
                                                         U.S. BKCY. APP. PANEL
 2                                                       OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT


 3                  UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL
 4                            OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
 5   In re:                        )       BAP No.   NC-11-1312-HDoD
                                   )
 6   CAROLINA CONTRERAS RYNDA,     )      Bk. No.    09-41568
                                   )
 7                   Debtor.       )
     ______________________________)
 8                                 )
     CAROLINA CONTRERAS RYNDA,     )
 9                                 )
                     Appellant,    )
10                                 )
     v.                            )       M E M O R A N D U M1
11                                 )
     TEVIS T. THOMPSON, JR.,       )
12   Chapter 7 Trustee; UNITED     )
     STATES TRUSTEE,               )
13                                 )
                     Appellees.    )
14   ______________________________)
15                  Argued and Submitted on January 20, 2012
                           at San Francisco, California
16
                            Filed - January 30, 2012
17
              Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court
18                for the Northern District of California
19        Honorable Edward D. Jellen, Bankruptcy Judge, Presiding
20
     Appearances:     Raymond R. Miller of The Law Office of Raymond R.
21                    Miller argued for the appellant. Michael J.
                      McQuaid of Carr, McClellan, Ingersoll, Thompson &
22                    Horn appeared on brief for appellee Tevis T.
                      Thompson, Jr., Chapter 7 Trustee.
23
24   Before: HOLLOWELL, DONOVAN2 and DUNN, Bankruptcy Judges.
25
26
          1
            This disposition is not appropriate for publication.
27   Although it may be cited for whatever persuasive value it may
28   have (see Fed. R. App. P. 32.1), it has no precedential value.
     See 9th Cir. BAP Rule 8013-1.
          2
            Hon. Thomas B. Donovan, United States Bankruptcy Judge for
     the Central District of California, sitting by designation.
 1        Carolina Rynda (the Debtor) appeals an order of the
 2   bankruptcy court requiring that she turn over to the chapter 73
 3   bankruptcy trustee tax refunds that she received during the
 4   bankruptcy case.   We AFFIRM.
 5                                   I.   FACTS
 6        The Debtor filed a voluntary chapter 7 bankruptcy petition
 7   on February 27, 2009, along with her bankruptcy schedules.4
 8   Bankruptcy Schedule B - Personal Property - directs debtors to
 9   list “all personal property . . . of whatever kind,” and to place
10   an “X” in the column labeled “None” if the debtor has “no
11   property in one or more of the categories listed.”      Category 18
12   asks debtors to list any “Other liquidated debts owed to the
13   debtor including tax refunds.”       The Debtor placed an “X”
14   indicating that she did not have any potential tax refund as an
15   asset.5   The Debtor did not list a tax refund as exempt on
16   Schedule C.
17
18        3
            Unless otherwise indicated, all chapter and section
19   references are to the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1532.
     All Rule references are to the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy
20   Procedure, Rules 1001-9037.
21        4
            We have taken judicial notice of various documents,
22   including the Debtor’s bankruptcy schedules, that were filed
     through the bankruptcy court’s electronic docketing system. See
23   O’Rourke v. Seaboard Sur. Co. (In re E.R. Fegert, Inc.), 887 F.2d
24   955, 957-58 (9th Cir. 1988); Atwood v. Chase Manhattan Mortg. Co.
     (In re Atwood), 293 B.R. 227, 233 n.9 (9th Cir. BAP 2003).
25        The docket reflects that the Debtor was represented by
     counsel throughout her bankruptcy case.
26
          5
27          The Debtor amended her Schedule B twice during the course
     of the bankruptcy case, but continued to indicate that she had no
28   interest in any 2008 tax refund.

                                          -2-
 1        Tevis T. Thompson, Jr. (the Trustee) was appointed the
 2   bankruptcy trustee.    The Debtor was granted a discharge on
 3   August 24, 2009.
 4        The Trustee subsequently became aware that the Debtor
 5   received two income tax refunds for the year 2008, totaling
 6   $10,290.   On October 23, 2009, the Debtor received a $2,957
 7   California Franchise Tax Board tax refund; and, on November 9,
 8   2009, a $7,333 Internal Revenue Service tax refund (collectively,
 9   the Refunds).    The Trustee made a demand on the Debtor to turn
10   over the Refunds.   The Debtor notified the Trustee that she no
11   longer had the Refunds in her possession but offered to make
12   monthly payments of $200 to pay the amount of the Refunds.     The
13   Trustee refused to accept the Debtor’s offer.
14        On April 14, 2011, the Trustee filed a motion for turnover
15   of the Refunds under § 542 (Turnover Motion).   The Debtor filed
16   an opposition.   She alleged that the Trustee never informed her
17   that the Refunds would be considered property of the estate
18   subject to turnover.   She also contended that she was entitled to
19   a set off of approximately $2,400, the amount she paid to have
20   the 2008 tax returns prepared.6
21
          6
22          The Debtor submitted a supplemental declaration on May 3,
     2011, stating that she paid $1,700 to have her 2008 tax returns
23   prepared. The invoice was attached to the declaration.
          The Debtor did not argue on appeal that she was entitled to
24
     a deduction or “setoff” for what she paid in having the 2008 tax
25   returns prepared. Therefore, this issue has been waived. Golden
     v. Chicago Title Ins. (In re Choo), 273 B.R. 608, 613 (9th Cir.
26   BAP 2002) (arguments not specifically and distinctly made in an
27   appellant’s opening brief are waived). In any event, setoff
     rights are governed by § 553, which requires a creditor, in order
28                                                      (continued...)

                                       -3-
 1        A hearing was held on May 12, 2011.              The bankruptcy court
 2   took the matter under submission and requested that the parties
 3   brief whether the bankruptcy court could order turnover of estate
 4   property if a debtor no longer had possession of it, and whether
 5   an order for turnover could be enforced as a money judgment.
 6        After briefing was complete, on June 1, 2011, the bankruptcy
 7   court issued a memorandum decision determining that a turnover
 8   order was appropriate if a debtor came into possession of estate
 9   property after filing a petition, even if the debtor no longer
10   had possession of the property.           Therefore, the bankruptcy court
11   entered an order directing the Debtor to deliver and pay to the
12   Trustee $10,290 plus interest for the Refunds she received
13   (Turnover Order).   The Turnover Order stated that it was
14   enforceable as a money judgment.              The Debtor timely appealed.
15                                     II.    ISSUE
16        Did the bankruptcy court err in entering the Turnover Order?
17                              III.    JURISDICTION
18        The bankruptcy court had jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.
19   § 157(b)(2)(E) and § 1334.        We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.
20   § 158.
21                        IV.    STANDARDS OF REVIEW
22        The bankruptcy court’s conclusions of law are reviewed de
23   novo, and its findings of fact are reviewed for clear error.
24
25
          6
           (...continued)
26   to have its right to setoff preserved in bankruptcy, to show that
27   the setoff involves a prepetition mutual debt. United States v.
     Carey (In re Wade Cook Fin. Corp.), 375 BR 580, 589 (9th Cir. BAP
28   2007). Setoff is inapplicable here.

                                             -4-
 1   Nichols v. Birdsell, 491 F.3d 987, 989 (9th Cir. 2007).     Whether
 2   property is included in a bankruptcy estate and the procedures
 3   for recovering estate property are questions of law that we
 4   review de novo.    White v. Brown (In re White), 389 B.R. 693, 698
 5   (9th Cir. BAP 2008).
 6                              V.   DISCUSSION
 7        Turnover is governed by § 542(a), which requires persons “in
 8   possession, custody, or control, during the case, of property
 9   that the trustee may use, sell, or lease, . . . or that the
10   debtor may exempt” to “deliver to the trustee, and account for,
11   such property or the value of such property.”   11 U.S.C.
12   § 542(a).   Thus, to prevail on his motion for turnover, the
13   Trustee was required to demonstrate that: (1) the Refunds are or
14   were in the Debtor’s possession, custody, or control during the
15   pendency of the bankruptcy case; (2) the Refunds could be used by
16   the Trustee or exempted by the Debtor; and (3) the Refunds have
17   more than an inconsequential value or benefit to the estate.
18   Bailey v. Suhar (In re Bailey), 380 B.R. 486, 490 (6th Cir. BAP
19   2008).   The Trustee satisfied all these elements.
20        The Debtor came into possession of the Refunds during her
21   bankruptcy case.   At over $10,000, they were of significant value
22   to the estate.    Although the Debtor argued she was not aware the
23   Refunds would be considered property of the estate, she concedes
24   they are property of the estate that the Trustee may use.7     In
25   any event, it is well settled that income tax refunds may be part
26
          7
27          A bankruptcy estate consists of “all legal or equitable
     interests of the debtor in property as of the commencement of a
28   case.” 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).

                                       -5-
 1   of the bankruptcy estate.   Nichols, 491 F.3d at 990 (“[T]he right
 2   to receive a tax refund constitutes an interest in property.”);
 3   I.R.S. v. Towers (In re Feiler), 230 B.R. 164, 168 (9th Cir. BAP
 4   1999); Kokoszka v. Bellford, 417 U.S. 642, 652 (1974).
 5        Pursuant to § 542, a debtor is required “to deliver to the
 6   trustee and account for such property” or its value.      The Debtor
 7   contends that the Turnover Order should be set aside because she
 8   accounted for the costs to prepare and file the tax returns,
 9   notified the Trustee she no longer possessed the Refunds, and
10   offered the Trustee monthly payments to repay the amount of the
11   Refunds.   However, the Debtor provides no legal authority to
12   support her argument that “accounting for” the property means
13   that she may simply offer to pay the Trustee in whatever manner
14   or time she chooses.
15        Section 542's mandate means that she must deliver property
16   or pay over money to the trustee.     See, e.g., BLACKS LAW
17   DICTIONARY 19 (6th ed. 1991) (definition of “account for”).   The
18   requirement is not waived because the debtor no longer possesses
19   the property.   Nichols, 491 F.3d at 990; see also, Cassel v.
20   Globerson (In re Kolb), 2007 WL 1577950 *4 (Bankr. N.D. Cal.,
21   May 29, 2007) (§ 542(a) applies to property presently in an
22   individual’s possession, as well as property in an individual’s
23   possession during the bankruptcy case); In re Bailey, 380 B.R. at
24   492-93 (debtors required to turn over tax refunds even though
25   they had transferred the proceeds to their attorney and no longer
26   were in possession of the funds at the time turnover was sought);
27   Boyer v. Davis (In re U.S.A. Diversified Prods., Inc.), 193 B.R.
28

                                     -6-
 1   868, 877 (Bankr. N.D. Ind. 1995) (lack of present possession does
 2   not absolve the turnover respondent from liability).
 3        For example, in Nichols, the debtors overpaid their federal
 4   tax returns and were entitled to a refund as a result.    Instead,
 5   they elected to leave the funds on deposit with the IRS to be
 6   applied to any future tax liability.    When the trustee demanded
 7   the refund under § 542, the debtors argued that due to the
 8   irrevocable nature of their election to keep the funds on
 9   deposit, the trustee was prevented from asserting any right to
10   turnover.   The Ninth Circuit held that a debtor’s interest in
11   property may be property of the estate even in circumstances in
12   which the interest cannot be liquidated and transferred by the
13   debtor.   Id.    Thus, the Ninth Circuit affirmed the order for
14   turnover.
15        Consequently, since the Debtor had been in possession of
16   property of the estate, the Turnover Order was appropriate even
17   though the Debtor did not possess the funds at the time the
18   Trustee filed the Turnover Motion.     If a debtor demonstrates that
19   she is not in possession of the property of the estate or its
20   value at the time of the turnover action, the trustee is entitled
21   to recovery of a money judgment for the value of the property of
22   the estate.     In re U.S.A. Diversified Prods., Inc., 193 B.R. at
23   878-89; In re Gentry, 275 B.R. 747 (Bankr. W.D. Va. 2001).
24        The Turnover Order constitutes a judgment, the enforcement
25   of which ensures that § 542 will be satisfied.    See In re White,
26   389 B.R. at 699 (proceeding to compel turnover may be a contested
27   matter under Rules 7001(1) and 9014; the order resolving the
28   matter has the status of a judgment under Federal Rule of Civil

                                        7
 1   Procedure 58 (incorporated by Rule 9021)).   However the manner in
 2   which the Debtor satisfies the judgment is outside the reach of
 3   the bankruptcy court or this appeal.
 4                            VI.   CONCLUSION
 5        For the foregoing reasons, the bankruptcy court did not err
 6   in entering the Turnover Order.   Therefore, we AFFIRM.
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