               United States Bankruptcy Appellate Panel
                               FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

                                        ______

                                    No. 03-6098NI
                                    No. 04-6007NI
                                       ______

In re:                                     *
                                           *
Patriot Company,                           *
                                           *
         Debtor.                           *
                                           *
Duane Yates,                               *
                                           *
         Creditor-Appellant,               *   Appeals from the United States
                                           *   Bankruptcy Court for the Northern
               v.                          *   District of Iowa
                                           *
Wil L. Forker,                             *
                                           *
         Trustee-Appellee.                 *

                                        ______

                                Submitted: June 16, 2004
                                  Filed: June 24, 2004
                                         ______

Before KRESSEL, Chief Judge, SCHERMER and MAHONEY, Bankruptcy Judges.
                                 ______

KRESSEL, Chief Judge.
       Yates appeals from two orders of the bankruptcy court.1 The first order denied
Yates’ motion to “reconsider” its approval of the trustee’s employment of an attorney.
The second order approved the trustee’s proposal to compromise certain claims. We
dismiss both appeals.

                                 BACKGROUND
       Yates was the President and former shareholder of the Patriot Company. On
August 21, 2001, Patriot filed a Chapter 11 bankruptcy petition. Yates, as the sole
shareholder of Patriot, authorized the filing and signed the Chapter 11 petition and
schedules. On September 5, 2002, the bankruptcy court converted the case to Chapter
7, and Forker was appointed the Chapter 7 trustee . On July 3, 2003, nearly six
months after the claims deadline of January 22, 2003, Yates filed a claim against
Patriot for $72,000. Yates claims that Patriot owes him debts for his services as an
employee and for loans he made to Patriot. Yates, however, did not list himself as a
creditor on the Chapter 11 schedules.

     On April 2, 2003, the trustee and Siouxland National Bank filed a Notice of
Motion and Compromise. The material terms of the proposed compromise are:

             1. The bank is to pay the trustee $23,400 and to assign the
             claim it held for insurance proceeds from damage to the
             foreclosed property;
             2. The bank waives its administrative unsecured debt claim
             in the Patriot Company bankruptcy proceeding;
             3. The bank is to dismiss its counterclaim in the Nebraska
             state court litigation;
             4. The Nebraska litigation would be dismissed with
             prejudice; and


      1
       The Honorable William L. Edmonds, United States Bankruptcy Judge for the
Northern District of Iowa.

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             5. The trustee agrees to a lifting of the automatic stay to
             allow foreclosure of the Deed of Trust held by the bank as
             to one of the debtor’s properties in the state of Iowa.

       On May 22, 2003, the bankruptcy court granted the trustee’s motion to
compromise, without objection. On June 2, 2003, Yates filed documents entitled
“Motion to Set Aside Compromise” and “Motion to Remove Trustee and Appoint
a New Trustee.” On June 24, 2003, a hearing on the motions was held. At that
hearing, Yates made an oral motion to remove the Chapter 7 trustee due to an alleged
conflict of interest. At the conclusion of the hearing, the court denied Yates’ motion
to set aside the compromise and the oral motion to remove the trustee. Thereafter,
Yates moved the court to reconsider its actions. On July 1, 2003, the court denied the
motion to reconsider and Yates filed an appeal. On January 16, 2004, we affirmed the
bankruptcy court’s order approving the settlement and held: (1) the approval of the
settlement was not an abuse of discretion; (2) Yates lacked standing either to object
to the compromise or to file an appeal challenging the approval of the compromise;
(3) there was no conflict of interest warranting the trustee’s removal. See Yates v.
Forker (In re Patriot Co.), 303 B.R. 811 (B.A.P. 8th Cir. 2004).

       On September 10, 2003, the trustee filed a motion proposing to compromise
his claims against State Farm Fire and Casualty Company and State Farm Mutual
Automobile Insurance Company.2 Patriot filed the claims against State Farm because

      2
         Four claims were filed by Patriot with its casualty and automobile insurance
carrier, State Farm. The first claim was made in the amount of $50,000 against State
Farm for the loss of various items of personal property, including tools, a tractor,
mowers and tractor attachments. The second claim was filed by Patriot against State
Farm in the amount of $6,800 for the loss of a 1997 homemade trailer. The third
claim was filed against State Farm in the amount of $38,000 for the loss of a 1999
Chevrolet pickup truck and its contents. The fourth claim was filed against State Farm
for the loss of a flatbed trailer. There was no specified value listed for the trailer, but
the apparent value was $6,000. The claims against State Farm for the alleged losses
under the policies totaled $100,800.
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of the seizure of Patriot’s personal property by Siouxland National Bank. Yates
argues that the bank had no legal right to seize the property and because the seizures
amounted to thefts, they are therefore compensable under Patriot’s insurance policies.
Yates was the sole objector to the trustee’s motion. Although Yates describes himself
as a stockholder in his objection to the motion of compromise, earlier he claimed that
all of his stock in Patriot reverted to his fifteen year old daughter when criminal
charges were filed against him.

       On October 15, 2003, a telephonic hearing on the trustee’s motion was held.
Duane Yates appeared on his own behalf and stated the objection for himself and his
minor daughter. State Farm offered to settle Patriot’s claims for $4,000 and an
assignment of any claim State Farm may have had against Siouxland National Bank
as a result of payment on the claims.

       On November 20, 2003, Wil L. Forker applied to hire himself as an attorney
for the trustee in the defense of appeals. The U.S. Trustee recommended that the
retention of Forker as attorney be approved. On November 25, 2003, the bankruptcy
court approved Forker’s employment.

       On December 8, 2003, Yates made a motion requesting that the bankruptcy
court rescind its order approving Forker’s employment. Yates complained that Forker,
as trustee, was not serving him with notices at the prison in Iowa where he is
incarcerated. On December 9, 2003, the bankruptcy court denied Yates’ motion. On
December 19, 2003, Yates filed a notice of appeal appealing the court’s denial of his
December 8, 2003 motion.

       In an order dated January 21, 2004, the bankruptcy court granted the trustee’s
motion to compromise the estate’s claims against State Farm Fire and Casualty
Company and State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company. The court stated
in the order that it was not likely that Patriot would recover from State Farm on its

                                          4
claim that the seizure of personalty by Siouxland National Bank constituted theft.
Moreover, the court stated that Yates failed to demonstrate that Patriot stockholders,
or the holders of late-filed claims, would benefit from a successful objection to the
settlement. Yates appealed from the bankruptcy court’s order approving the
settlement between the trustee and State Farm.

                            STANDARD OF REVIEW
       We review the bankruptcy court’s findings of fact, whether based upon oral or
documentary evidence, for clear error, and its legal conclusions are reviewed de novo.
Fed. R. Bankr. P. 8013; First Nat’l Bank of Olathe v. Pontow, 111 F.3d 604, 609 (8th
Cir. 1997).

                           THE EMPLOYMENT APPEAL
       Although Yates appealed the denial of his motion requesting the bankruptcy
court to reconsider its approval of the trustee’s attorney, he does not discuss this issue
on appeal. A party’s failure to raise or discuss an issue in his brief is to be deemed an
abandonment of that issue. Jasperson v. Purolator Courier Co rp., 765 F.2d 736, 740
(8th Cir. 1985). We therefore dismiss this appeal.

                            THE COMPROMISE APPEAL
       The question of standing generally challenges whether a party is the proper one
to request an adjudication of a particular issue. In re Patriot Co., 303 B.R. at 815.
Standing is an element of federal subject matter jurisdiction which cannot be waived
and may be raised at any time by a party or by the court. Magee v. Exxon Corp., 135
F.3d 599, 601 (8th Cir. 1998). Fed. R. Bank. P. 2002(a)(3) provides that “all parties
in interest” including the debtor, trustee and creditors, normally must be given twenty
days notice of the hearing on approval of a compromise or settlement by the trustee.
The Bankruptcy Code does not contain an explicit grant or limitation on appellate
standing, yet we, like many other court, have looked to pre-code law to determine
standing and have utilized the “person aggrieved” test. To have standing to appeal


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from an order of the bankruptcy court, the person aggrieved test requires that the
appellant show a basis for arguing that the challenged action caused him cognizable
injury, i.e., that the party was aggrieved by the order. Nangle v. Surratt-States (In re
Nangle), 83 Fed.App. 141 (8th Cir. 2003). A person is aggrieved if he is directly and
adversely affected pecuniarily by the order. Id. This principle limits standing to
persons with a financial stake in the bankruptcy court’s order. In re Patriot Co., 303
B.R. at 815 (citing Williams v. Marlar (In re Marlar), 252 B.R. 743, 748 (B.A.P. 8th
Cir. 2000)). If a party can show a reasonable possibility of a surplus after satisfying
all priority and general unsecured claims, then that party has shown a pecuniary
interest and has standing to appeal. In re Nangle, 288 B.R. 213, 216 (B.A.P. 8th Cir.
2003) aff’d by 83 Fed.App. 141 (8th Cir. 2003).

       In order for Yates to have standing as a stockholder, he was required to
establish at the hearing that a successful objection to the motion to compromise
would have resulted in a surplus. In re Patriot Co., 303 B.R. at 815 (citing New
Concept Housing, Inc. v. Poindexter (In re New Concept Housing, Inc.), 951 F.2d
932-8, n.7 (8th Cir. 1991)). Yates failed to do so. Thus, we concluded in In re Patriot
that he did not have standing to file that appeal.

       Yates attempted to rectify his lack of standing as a stockholder by filing a claim
against Patriot, but his proof of claim was filed six months after the claims deadline.
As a tardily filed claim, Yates’ claim would still be paid after all priority claims and
timely filed general unsecured claims. 11 U.S.C. § 726(a)(3). Even assuming that
Yates’ claim is allowable, he still lacks standing because he has not shown a
reasonable possibility of a surplus after satisfying all priority and general unsecured
claims. Since Yates has no standing to appeal, we do not have jurisdiction to decide
any issues raised on appeal, Starr v. Mandanici, 152 F.3d 741, 747 (8th Cir. 1998)
(citing Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Env’t, 523 U.S. 83, 94, 118 S.Ct. 1003, 140
L.Ed.2d 210 (1998) (stating without jurisdiction, the court cannot proceed at all in
any cause)), and dismiss it.

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                                 CONCLUSION
       Since the appellant has abandoned his appeal in case #03-6098 and has no
standing to appeal in case #04-6007, we dismiss both appeals.




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