J-S02044-20


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 CYNTHIA SHANER,                           :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                           :         PENNSYLVANIA
                     Appellant             :
                                           :
              v.                           :
                                           :
 UPMC SUSQUEHANNA AND GERILYN              :
 KOONTZ                                    :        No. 922 MDA 2019

                 Appeal from the Order Entered May 22, 2019
              in the Court of Common Pleas of Lycoming County
                       Civil Division at No(s): 18-1363

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., KING, J., and MUSMANNO, J.

MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.:                          FILED MARCH 24, 2020

     Cynthia Shaner (“Shaner”) appeals from the Order sustaining the

Preliminary Objections of UPMC Susquehanna (“UPMC”) and Gerilyn Koontz

(“Koontz”)   (collectively,   “the   Defendants”)   and   dismissing   Shaner’s

Complaint. We affirm.

     The trial court summarized the relevant history underlying the instant

appeal as follows:

           Plaintiff [Shaner] contends that Defendant [Koontz],
     employed as a registered nurse at [UPMC], had accessed
     [Shaner’s] medical records when [Shaner] was admitted
     overnight with complaints of chest pain. [Shaner] alleged that
     [Koontz] had invaded [Shaner’s] privacy, and that a Facebook
     post by [Koontz,] which read[,] “Getting older is such an
     adventure. Like is this chest pain indigestion or a heart attack?
     Can’t wait to see if I’m alive tomorrow,” amounted to unlawful
     publication of [Shaner’s] personal and private health information.
J-S02044-20


             [] Shaner filed her [C]omplaint[1] on or about September 18,
       2018, to which [Koontz] filed Preliminary Objections on October
       9, 2018. [The trial court] issued an Opinion and Order sustaining
       [Koontz’s] Preliminary Objections and dismissing all counts of
       [Shaner’s] Complaint on December 12, 2018. A Motion to
       Reconsider and Motion to Amend Complaint [were] filed on
       December 24, 2018; said [M]otions were denied on February 4,
       2019, with leave to file an Amended Complaint. An Amended
       Complaint was filed on February 5, 2019.           [] Koontz filed
       Preliminary Objections to [Shaner’s] Amended Complaint on
       February 15, 2019. [The trial court] then sustained [] Koontz’s
       Preliminary Objections and dismissed [] Shaner’s Amended
       Complaint in its entirety on May 14, 2019.[2] [Shaner] filed her
       Notice of Appeal on June 3, 2019, and filed her [C]oncise
       [S]tatement of matters complaint of on appeal on July 9, 2019 ….

Trial Court Opinion, 8/8/19, at 1-2 (unnumbered) (footnotes added).

       Shaner presents the following issues for our review:

       1. Whether the [trial] court erred in finding that [Shaner] did not
       allege any disclosure by her physician, or particularly cite 42
       Pa.C.S.[A. §] 5929[?]

       2. Whether the [trial] court erred in finding that the disclosure of
       [Shaner’s] medical condition is limited to sexually transmitted
       diseases[?]

       3. Whether the [trial] court erred in finding that a nurse who was
       not involved in [Shaner’s] care, who looked at [Shaner’s] medical
       records and posted about her hospital stay on Facebook, which
       was seen and forwarded to [Shaner] by friends, did not satisfy the
       publicity standard for invasion of privacy[?]

       4. Whether the trial court erred in finding that a Facebook post
       by [] Koontz about [Shaner’s] medical stay did not satisfy the
       element of publication of private facts[?]
____________________________________________


1Shaner’s Complaint averred causes of action for invasion of privacy against
UPMC and Koontz.

2The trial court’s Order, although dated May 14, 2019, was not filed until May
22, 2019.

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J-S02044-20



Brief for Appellant at 5-6. In the Argument section of her appellate brief,

however, Shaner presents the following two claims: “Invasion of Privacy” and

“Breach of Physician-Patient Confidentiality”.   See id. at 14, 19.    We will

accordingly limit our discussion to those issues addressed in Shaner’s brief.

See Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a) (mandating that an appellant must develop an

argument with citation to and analysis of relevant legal authority), 2116

(setting forth the requirements for the statement of questions involved); see

also Commonwealth v. Love, 896 A.2d 1276, 1287 (Pa. Super. 2006)

(stating that an appellate court is required to deem abandoned those issues

which have been identified on appeal but are unsupported by argument in the

brief).

      Our Supreme Court has set forth the applicable standard of review as

follows:

             On appeal, we “exercise de novo review of a lower tribunal’s
      order sustaining preliminary objections in the nature of a
      demurrer.” William Penn Sch. Dist. v. Pa. Dep’t of Educ., …
      170 A.3d 414, 434 (Pa. 2017). A demurrer “tests the legal
      sufficiency of the complaint.” Ins. Adjustment Bureau[, Inc.
      v. Allstate Ins. Co.], 905 A.2d [462,] 468 [(Pa. 2006)]. “For the
      purpose of evaluating the legal sufficiency of the challenged
      pleading, the court must accept as true all well-pleaded, material,
      and relevant facts alleged in the complaint and every inference
      that is fairly deducible from those facts.” Mazur v. Trinity Area
      Sch. Dist., … 961 A.2d 96, 101 (Pa. 2008).

            The “question presented by the demurrer is whether, on the
      facts averred, the law says with certainty that no recovery is
      possible. Where a doubt exists as to whether a demurrer should
      be sustained, this doubt should be resolved in favor of overruling
      it.” Bilt-Rite Contractors, Inc. v. The Architectural Studio,

                                     -3-
J-S02044-20


      … 866 A.2d 270, 274 (Pa. 2005) (quoting MacElree v. Phila.
      Newspapers, Inc., … 674 A.2d 1050, 1056 (Pa. 1996)).

Commonwealth v. UPMC, 208 A.3d 898, 908-09 (Pa. 2019).

      Shaner first claims that the trial court improperly sustained the

Defendants’ Preliminary Objections and dismissed Shaner’s cause of action

against the Defendants for invasion of privacy-intrusion upon seclusion. Brief

for Appellant at 15.       According to Shaner, Koontz was working in the

Emergency Room at UPMC, but had no contact with Shaner, “except what

[Koontz] could presumably discern from medical information on her

computer.”    Id. at 16.    Shaner contends that Koontz improperly accessed

Shaner’s private medical information from her computer, and then posted

about it on Facebook. Id. Shaner acknowledges that Koontz did not disclose

Shaner’s name in the post, but “used the exact symptoms reported by

[Shaner’s] medical records that day.” Id. at 17. Thus, Shaner asserts, Koontz

“intruded into the private affairs of [Shaner] by accessing her private medical

records.” Id. Further, Shaner asserts that Koontz’s Facebook post was “liked”

by 39 people; Shaner’s personal medical issues were made public; a

reasonable person would be highly offended by the disclosure; and the act

caused Shaner humiliation in the community, “as others came up to talk to

[Shaner] about the Facebook post and her medical issues.” Id. at 19. In

support, Shaner relies upon this Court’s decisions in Haddad v. Gopal, 787

A.2d 975 (Pa. Super. 2001), and Chicarella v. Passant, 494 A.2d 1109 (Pa.

Super. 1985).

                                     -4-
J-S02044-20


      To assert a claim for invasion of privacy—intrusion upon seclusion in

Pennsylvania,

      a plaintiff must aver that there was an intentional intrusion on the
      seclusion of their private concerns[,] which was substantial and
      highly offensive to a reasonable person, and aver sufficient facts
      to establish that the information disclosed would have caused
      mental suffering, shame or humiliation to a person of ordinary
      sensibilities.

Pro Golf Mfg. v. Tribune Review Newspaper Co., 809 A.2d 243, 247 (Pa.

Super. 2002); see also Restatement (Second) of Torts § 652B, Comment C

(providing that “[o]ne who intentionally intrudes, physically or otherwise,

upon the solitude or seclusion of another in his private affairs or concerns, is

subject to liability to the other for invasion of his privacy, if the intrusion would

be highly offensive to a reasonable person.”).

      As explained in the Pennsylvania Standard Jury Instructions, “[c]onduct

that is highly offensive to a reasonable person is conduct that a reasonable

person, in similar circumstances, would find very objectionable or that a

reasonable person in similar circumstances could be expected to take with

serious offense.” Pa. SSJI (Civ. 13.12).

      In its Opinion, the trial court addressed Shaner’s claim and concluded

that it lacks merit, reasoning as follows:

      In order for [] Shaner’s claims of intrusion to be sufficient[,] there
      must be specific averments that [] Koontz[’s] alleged intrusion
      was so egregious that it caused “mental suffering, shame or
      humiliation to a person of ordinary sensibilities,” as held by the
      Court in Chicarella[, 494 A.2d at 1114.] In Chicarella, the
      [Superior] Court asserted that the disclosure of a specific medical
      diagnosis was insufficient to allege a substantial and highly

                                        -5-
J-S02044-20


       offensive intrusion upon seclusion. In addressing allegations
       sounding in intrusion upon seclusion, the Chicarella Court stated
       that “the brief description of [the] appellant’s medical treatment
       cannot be deemed a substantial intrusion.” Id. at [1114]. In the
       matter at bar, [the trial court] does not believe that [] Shaner has
       alleged that the intrusion would have been highly offensive to a
       reasonable person, nor that it was substantial enough for a
       reasonable person to strongly object. DeAngelo v. Fortney, 515
       A.2d 594, 595 (Pa. Super. 1986).

Trial Court Opinion, 8/8/19, at 2 (unnumbered). We agree with the sound

reasoning of the trial court, as set forth above, and affirm on this basis as to

Shaner’s first claim.3 See id.

       In her next claim, Shaner asserts that the trial court improperly

dismissed her cause of action for breach of physician-patient confidentiality.

See Brief for Appellant at 19. Shaner contends that her “medical information

was posted on Facebook for all to see.”          Id. at 21.   According to Shaner,

“Koontz accessed [Shaner’s] medical treatment for that day and tried to

humiliate [Shaner] by making fun of her conditions.” Id. Shaner asserts that

anyone at UPMC could access her medical information; she did not consent to

the release of her information; Koontz intentionally looked up Shaner’s

medical records; and Koontz “talked about what she saw on Facebook.” Id.




____________________________________________


3 In affirming, we particularly note that Koontz’s Facebook post did not identify
Shaner by name, or indicate that it pertained to any UPMC patient. Further,
the Facebook post did not disclose that Shaner, or any patient, had contracted
an illness or suffered from a condition such that the post would be highly
offensive to a reasonable person.

                                           -6-
J-S02044-20


       In Haddad, supra, this Court held that a cognizable action sounding in

breach of physician-patient confidentiality exists in this Commonwealth.

Haddad, 787 A.2d at 978. In Grimminger v. Maitra, 887 A.2d 276 (Pa.

Super. 2005), this Court relied on Haddad and the evidentiary privilege set

forth at 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 5929, physicians not to disclose information, for a

rough formulation of what a breach of the confidential duty between physician

and patient entails:

       [In Haddad,] [t]his Court found an actionable breach of
       physician-patient confidentiality and stated[,] “[d]octors have an
       obligation to their patients to keep communications, diagnosis,
       and treatment completely confidential.” [Haddad, 787 A.2d] at
       981. However, in stating this standard, the [Haddad] Court
       emphasized the fact that a sexually transmitted disease was at
       issue. See id. Our courts have recognized sexually transmitted
       diseases to be loathsome diseases which blacken one’s character.
       See Agriss v. Roadway Exp., Inc., … 483 A.2d 456, 470 (Pa.
       Super. 1984); see also Evans v. Workmen’s Compensation
       Appeal Board (Julia Ribaudo Home), … 617 A.2d 826, 828 (Pa.
       Cmwlth. 1992) ([stating that the] “[b]lackening of the character
       results from testimony concerning a loathsome disease.”).
       Therefore, the Haddad standard … must be limited to the context
       of the privilege statute[4] which protects against the disclosure of
       information directly related to a patient’s confidential information
       that blackens their reputation.

Grimminger, 887 A.2d at 280 (footnote added).



____________________________________________


4 See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 5929 (providing that “[n]o physician shall be allowed, in
any civil matter, to disclose any information which he acquired in attending
the patient in a professional capacity, and which was necessary to enable him
to act in that capacity, which shall tend to blacken the character of the patient,
without consent of said patient, except in civil matters brought by such
patient, for damages on account of personal injuries.”).


                                           -7-
J-S02044-20


     In her Complaint, Shaner avers that Koontz posted the following

statement on Facebook: “Getting older is such an adventure. Like is this

chest pain indigestion or a heart attack?    Can’t wait to see if I’m alive

tomorrow.” Plaintiff’s Complaint, ¶ 6. As set forth above, the Facebook post

did not identify Shaner, or state that the post pertained to any patient at

UPMC. Further, the post did not disclose a medical condition or diagnosis, or

that Shaner, or any patient, had contracted an illness or suffered from a

condition that would blacken their character.    See Grimminger, supra.

Consequently, we discern no error by the trial court in sustaining the

Defendants’ Preliminary Objections, and dismissing Shaner’s Complaint.

     Order affirmed.


Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 03/24/2020




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