                                                     Supreme Court

                                                     No. 2015-155-C.A.
                                                     (P2/13-446ADV)
                                                     No. 2015-156-C.A.
                                                     (P3/12-2066A)




      State                     :

       v.                       :

Karen A. Connery.               :




  NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before
  publication in the Rhode Island Reporter. Readers are requested to
  notify the Opinion Analyst, Supreme Court of Rhode Island, 250
  Benefit Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, at Telephone 222-
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                                                                    Supreme Court

                                                                    No. 2015-155-C.A.
                                                                    (P2/13-446ADV)
                                                                    No. 2015-156-C.A.
                                                                    (P3/12-2066A)



                   State                      :

                     v.                       :

            Karen A. Connery.                 :

              Present: Suttell, C.J., Goldberg, Flaherty, Robinson, and Indeglia, JJ.

                                          OPINION

       Justice Robinson, for the Court. The defendant, Karen A. Connery, appeals from two

judgments of conviction rendered after a jury-waived trial held in Providence County Superior

Court.1 As to the first case, Ms. Connery was found guilty of one count of simple assault. As to

the second case, although Ms. Connery had initially been charged with breaking and entering a

dwelling, the trial justice (after a colloquy with counsel) found her guilty of willful trespass as

being a lesser-included offense. On appeal to this Court, with respect to the conviction of simple

assault, the defendant contends that her constitutional right to a speedy trial was violated. With

respect to the willful trespass conviction, the defendant contends that willful trespass is not a

lesser-included offense of breaking and entering and that the trial justice erred in denying her

motion to dismiss the original charge of breaking and entering a dwelling. These cases came

before the Supreme Court pursuant to an order directing the parties to appear and show cause

why the issues raised in this appeal should not be summarily decided. After a close review of the



1
       For the purposes of this Opinion, we shall treat these cases as if they had been
consolidated, although we recognize that there are two separate appeals before this Court.
                                               -1-
record and careful consideration of the parties’ arguments (both written and oral), we are

satisfied that cause has not been shown and that this appeal may be decided at this time.

       For the reasons set forth in this opinion, we affirm the judgments of the Superior Court.

                                                   I

                                         Facts and Travel

       On July 11, 2012, a criminal complaint charging defendant with one count of simple

assault in violation of G.L. 1956 § 11-5-3 was filed in the Sixth Division District Court. Ms.

Connery was accused of assaulting another woman on June 24, 2012 in Pawtucket.

Subsequently, having waived her right to a jury trial in the first instance, that case was

transferred to the Superior Court. On February 15, 2013, a separate criminal information was

filed charging defendant with “break[ing] and enter[ing] the dwelling of [defendant’s sister]

without the consent of the owner,” in violation of G.L. 1956 § 11-8-2 and G.L. 1956 § 12-29-5.

       On June 16 and 17, 2014, both charges were tried on a jury-waived basis, at the

conclusion of which, defendant moved to dismiss the breaking and entering charge2 “based on

the fact that [the state had] not presented evidence to establish the crime of breaking and entering

* * *.” After a brief recess, both parties were provided with an additional opportunity to address

the court before a decision was rendered. In addressing the court, counsel for defendant stated:

“[W]hat I’m suggesting is that you apply the statutory language for * * * willful trespass. That is

what my client is most likely guilty of * * *.”

       Subsequently, the trial justice rendered a bench decision. With respect to the simple

assault charge, he found defendant guilty thereof. And with respect to the breaking and entering

charge, he concluded that it had been established beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant was



2
       No motion to dismiss was made with respect to the simple assault charge.
                                                  -2-
guilty of the misdemeanor offense of willful trespass. As to each charge of which defendant had

been found guilty, the trial justice sentenced her to a one-year suspended sentence with one year

of probation on each count; the sentences were to run consecutively. He also issued a no-contact

order running in favor of the victim of the simple assault and a no-contact order running in favor

of the victim of the willful trespass (viz., defendant’s sister). Thereafter, defendant filed a timely

notice of appeal.3

                                                 II

                                              Analysis

                                                  A

                                        The Simple Assault

       On appeal, defendant contends that her constitutional right to a speedy trial was violated.

It is entirely clear, however, that that contention was never raised at trial—indeed defendant

expressly concedes the point.4      As such, the “raise or waive” rule, to which “[t]his Court

staunchly adheres,” State v. Figuereo, 31 A.3d 1283, 1289 (R.I. 2011), fully applies, and the

speedy trial contention is not properly before us.5 We would add that the criteria for invoking



3
        We note that defendant filed a notice of appeal for both cases at issue and that notice was
filed prematurely. However, this Court has repeatedly stated that a notice of appeal filed prior to
the entry of judgment is considered to be timely. See, e.g., State v. Vargas, 21 A.3d 347, 352 n.9
(R.I. 2011); Dovenmuehle Mortgage, Inc. v. Antonelli, 790 A.2d 1113, 1114 n.1 (R.I. 2002).
4
         The record indicates that defendant, acting in a pro se manner, filed several speedy-trial-
related motions. However, she was represented by counsel when each of those motions was
filed. It is well settled that a “criminal defendant has no right to hybrid representation, whereby
some tasks are performed by counsel and others by the defendant on a pro se basis.” State v.
Oliveira, 127 A.3d 65, 80 (R.I. 2015) (internal quotation marks omitted). Accordingly, those
various pro se motions are not properly before us and, in any event, were not entertained by the
trial justice. See id.
5
        We deem it worth repeating that the “raise or waive rule is not some sort of artificial or
arbitrary Kafkaesque hurdle. It is instead an important guarantor of fairness and efficiency in the
                                                -3-
the narrow exception to that rule are entirely absent from this case. See State v. Hunt, No. 2014-

195-C.A., 2016 WL 1425863 at *4 n.6 (R.I. April 12, 2016); Figuereo, 31 A.3d at 1289 n.7;

State v. Bouffard, 945 A.2d 305, 311-12 (R.I. 2008).

                                                  B

                                       The Willful Trespass

       On appeal, defendant contends that willful trespass is not a lesser-included offense of

breaking and entering. She also contends that the trial justice erred in denying her motion to

dismiss the original charge of breaking and entering.

       This time, however, defendant’s contention is checkmated by a particularly strong waiver

principle: in this case, defense counsel explicitly suggested that the trial justice look at the facts

before him through the lens of the willful trespass statute rather than the breaking and entering

statute, which the state had initially invoked. In a colloquy with the trial justice, counsel made

the following suggestion: “[W]hat I’m suggesting is that you apply the statutory language for

[§] 11-44-26 willful trespass. That is what my client is most likely guilty of * * *.” The trial

justice proceeded to ask counsel whether willful trespass is a misdemeanor, and counsel replied,

“Yes, it is.” Thereafter, the following exchange occurred between the trial justice and defense

counsel:

               “[The Court]: So are you arguing that should be considered a lesser
               included offense from breaking and entering[?]

               “[Defense Counsel]: Yes, I believe if the Court is so inclined the
               most my client could be charged with then is up to one year at the
               ACI and no more than $1,000 fine.”




judicial process.” State v. Figuereo, 31 A.3d 1283, 1289 n.6 (R.I. 2011) (internal quotation
marks omitted).


                                                -4-
On the basis of the clear representations by defense counsel, it is obvious that the lesser-included

offense issue is not properly before us.

       The defendant additionally contends that the trial justice erred in denying her motion to

dismiss the original charge of breaking and entering because “the trial justice found that there

was no sign of forced entry” and “[f]orce is a required element of the offense of breaking and

entering * * *.” However, the trial justice never ultimately ruled on the defendant’s motion to

dismiss the breaking and entering charge because, before he was able to do so, counsel for the

defendant asked the trial justice to consider whether the defendant was guilty of the lesser-

included offense of willful trespass. Accordingly, it is our view that the defendant’s argument

that the trial justice erred in denying her motion to dismiss is not properly before us.

                                                 III

                                            Conclusion

       For the reasons set forth in this opinion, we affirm the judgments of the Superior Court.

The record may be remanded to that tribunal.




                                                -5-
                            RHODE ISLAND SUPREME COURT CLERK’S OFFICE

                                 Clerk’s Office Order/Opinion Cover Sheet




TITLE OF CASE:        State v. Karen A. Connery.

CASE NO:              No. 2015-155-C.A.
                      (P2/13-446ADV)
                      No. 2015-156-C.A.
                      (P3/12-2066A

COURT:                Supreme Court

DATE OPINION FILED: June 8, 2016

JUSTICES:             Suttell, C.J., Goldberg, Flaherty, Robinson, and Indeglia, JJ.

WRITTEN BY:           Associate Justice William P. Robinson III

SOURCE OF APPEAL:     Providence County Superior Court

JUDGE FROM LOWER COURT:

                      Associate Justice Daniel A. Procaccini

ATTORNEYS ON APPEAL:

                      For State: Jane M. McSoley
                                 Department of Attorney General

                      For Defendant: Jodi M. Gladstone, Esq.
