                Filed 4/15/19 by Clerk of Supreme Court
                       IN THE SUPREME COURT
                      STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA


                                   2019 ND 110


Interest of K.S.D., a child
       ----------
Jacqueline A. Gaddie, Assistant State’s Attorney,       Petitioner and Appellee

      v.

K.S.D, child; R.W.D., father; Christopher D. Jones,
the Executive Director of the North Dakota
Department of Human Services,                                     Respondents
      and
H.L.K. n/k/a H.G., mother,                            Respondent and Appellant


                                  No. 20180260


Interest of J.S.D., a child
       ----------
Jacqueline A. Gaddie, Assistant State’s Attorney,       Petitioner and Appellee

      v.

J.S.D, child; R.W.D., father; Christopher D. Jones,
the Executive Director of the North Dakota
Department of Human Services,                                     Respondents
       and
H.L.K. n/k/a H.G., mother,                            Respondent and Appellant


                                  No. 20180261
       Appeal from the Juvenile Court of Grand Forks County, Northeast Central
Judicial District, the Honorable Lolita G. Hartl Romanick, Judge.

      AFFIRMED.

      Opinion of the Court by Crothers, Justice.

       Jacqueline A. Gaddie, Assistant State’s Attorney, Grand Forks, ND, for
petitioner and appellee.

      Kiara C. Kraus-Parr, Grand Forks, ND, for respondent and appellant H.L.K.




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                      Interest of K.S.D. & Interest of J.S.D.
                            Nos. 20180260 & 20180261


       Crothers, Justice.
[¶1]   H.L.K., now known as H.G., appeals from an order denying her motion to
withdraw her consent to terminate her parental rights to her children K.S.D. and J.S.D.
We affirm, concluding H.G.’s motion to withdraw her consent was untimely under
N.D.C.C. § 27-20-45(6).
                                           I
[¶2]   H.G. (mother) and R.W.D. (father), are the parents of the minor children
K.S.D. and J.S.D. The family has been involved with Grand Forks County Social
Services (GFCSS) since October 2010. In 2017, GFCSS petitioned to terminate the
parents’ parental rights. After a hearing on May 22, 2017, the mother signed a
“consent to termination of parental rights” for both children. The juvenile court also
signed the consent and included a statement, stating, “Before me appeared [H.G.], and
acknowledged her consent to the termination of parental rights with respect to [K.S.D.
and J.S.D.], children.”
[¶3]   The father did not consent to termination of his parental rights and a trial was
held for involuntary termination of his rights. On June 19, 2017, the juvenile court
entered an order terminating the mother’s and father’s parental rights to both children.
The court found the mother executed consent to the termination of her parental rights,
she was questioned about the consent by the court, the court acknowledged her
consent, and she did not participate in subsequent proceedings. The court also found
proof beyond a reasonable doubt established the father’s parental rights should be
terminated, the children were deprived, the deprivation was likely to continue, the
children were suffering or would probably suffer harm, the children had been in foster
care for at least 450 of the previous 660 nights, and active efforts were made to
prevent the breakup of the family. The court terminated the mother’s and father’s


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parental rights to both children. Judgment consistent with the court’s order was
entered on June 28, 2017.
[¶4]   The father filed a notice of appeal on July 19, 2017. On appeal, this Court held
clear and convincing evidence established the children were deprived, the deprivation
was likely to continue, the children had been in foster care at least 450 of the previous
660 nights, and active efforts to prevent the breakup of the family were made and
were unsuccessful. See In re K.S.D., 2017 ND 289, ¶ 1, 904 N.W.2d 479. However,
we retained jurisdiction and remanded for testimony from a qualified expert witness
and findings required under the Indian Child Welfare Act. Id. A hearing was held on
the issues remanded to the juvenile court, and the court made the required findings
and ordered the father’s parental rights be terminated. This Court affirmed the
juvenile court’s decision on May 7, 2018. See In re K.S.D., 2018 ND 103,
910 N.W.2d 834.
[¶5]   While the father’s appeal was pending, the mother sent the juvenile court a
letter, which was filed on February 9, 2018, stating that she wanted to appeal the
voluntary termination of her parental rights. On April 20, 2018, the mother moved
to withdraw her consent to terminate parental rights, arguing the children had not been
adopted, it was in their best interests that the consent be withdrawn, and they should
be returned to her custody. On May 9, 2018, the juvenile court denied the mother’s
motion to withdraw her consent, concluding it did not have jurisdiction to hear the
mother’s motion because the father’s appeal was pending before this Court.
[¶6]   On May 18, 2018, the mother again moved to withdraw her consent to
terminate parental rights. She argued withdrawing her consent was in the children’s
best interests, the children had not been adopted, and they should be returned to her
custody. The State opposed the motion.
[¶7]   On June 21, 2018, the juvenile court denied the mother’s motion. The court
found the mother consented to termination of her parental rights and she failed to
establish her consent was statutorily deficient. The court concluded the mother’s
motion was untimely under N.D.C.C. § 27-20-45(6) because she did not move to

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withdraw her consent within thirty days after the order terminating her parental rights
was issued. The court also concluded the mother failed to establish her consent was
obtained by fraud or coercion.
                                          II
[¶8]   The mother argues the juvenile court erred by denying her motion to withdraw
her consent. She contends the court clearly erred in finding she consented to
terminate her parental rights under N.D.C.C. § 27-20-44(d), her motion was not
untimely, and she was coerced into consenting to the termination.
[¶9]   In juvenile proceedings, including termination of parental rights cases, findings
of fact are reviewed under the clearly erroneous standard. In re A.L.E., 2018 ND 257,
¶ 4, 920 N.W.2d 461. A finding is clearly erroneous when it is induced by an
erroneous view of the law, the evidence does not support the finding, or if, on the
entire record, we are left with a definite and firm conviction a mistake has been made.
Id. Questions of law are fully reviewable. See In re C.R.H., 2000 ND 222, ¶ 6,
620 N.W.2d 175.
[¶10] The district court concluded the mother’s motion to withdraw her consent was
untimely under N.D.C.C. § 27-20-45(6). The court explained, “H.G.’s Second
Motion in both the above-captioned cases is barred because it is beyond thirty days
after both the May 22, [2017] Order Acknowledging her Consent and the June 19,
2017 Termination Order.”
[¶11] Rule 16, N.D.R.Juv.P., authorizes the juvenile court to modify or vacate orders
terminating parental rights under certain circumstances, including when the order was
obtained by fraud or mistake. However, N.D.C.C. § 27-20-45(6) places a time
limitation on when an order terminating parental rights may be questioned, stating:
       “Subject to the disposition of an appeal, upon the expiration of thirty
       days after an order terminating parental rights is issued under this
       section, the order cannot be questioned by any person, including the
       petitioner, in any manner, or upon any ground, including fraud,
       misrepresentation, failure to give any required notice, or lack of
       jurisdiction of the parties or of the subject matter, unless the person
       retained custody of the child.”

                                           3
[¶12] The interpretation of a statute is a question of law, which is fully reviewable
on appeal. Garaas v. Cass Cty. Joint Water Res. Dist., 2016 ND 148, ¶ 7,
883 N.W.2d 436. Words in a statute are to be given their plain, ordinary, and
commonly understood meaning, unless a contrary intention plainly appears. N.D.C.C.
§ 1-02-02. “When the wording of a statute is clear and free of all ambiguity, the letter
of it is not to be disregarded under the pretext of pursuing its spirit.” N.D.C.C. §
1-02-05.
[¶13] The plain language of N.D.C.C. § 27-20-45(6) states an order terminating
parental rights cannot be questioned in any manner or upon any ground by any person,
who has not retained custody of the child, more than thirty days after the order is
issued, subject to disposition of an appeal. This Court held an appeal was untimely
under N.D.C.C. § 27-20-45(6) and N.D.R.App.P. 2.2(a) when the appellant did not
file a notice of appeal within thirty days after entry of the order terminating parental
rights. In re T.S.C., 2018 ND 76, ¶ 4, 908 N.W.2d 754.
[¶14] The mother contends her motion was not untimely under N.D.C.C.
§ 27-20-45(6) because the father appealed the order terminating parental rights, the
juvenile court lost jurisdiction while the appeal was pending, and the court did not
receive jurisdiction until after the appeal was final. She claims all time calculations
for filing in the juvenile court stop while the appeal is pending. This Court has not
addressed whether a party’s appeal of the order terminating parental rights tolls the
thirty-day time limitation under N.D.C.C. § 27-20-45(6) for a party that is not
involved in the appeal. But even if the father’s appeal divested the juvenile court of
its jurisdiction and prevented the court from acting on the mother’s motion to
withdraw her consent, it would not affect the outcome of this case.
[¶15] The order terminating the mother’s parental rights to the two children was
entered on June 19, 2017. Under N.D.C.C. § 27-20-45(6), the mother had until
July 19, 2017 to move to withdraw her consent.              See N.D.C.C. § 1-02-15
(computation of time). The father’s notice of appeal was filed on July 19, 2017. See
N.D.R.App.P. 2.2(a) (stating notice of appeal must be filed within thirty days after

                                           4
entry of the order). The father did not file a notice of appeal until the thirtieth day
after the order was issued. The juvenile court had jurisdiction during the entire thirty
days after the order terminating parental rights was entered. See CHS Inc. v. Riemers,
2018 ND 101, ¶ 16, 910 N.W.2d 189 (stating the district court generally loses
jurisdiction when a notice of appeal is filed). The mother did not file her motion on
the thirtieth day or on any other day before the expiration of the thirty-day time
limitation. On February 9, 2018, the mother first expressed her desire to withdraw her
consent in a letter to the juvenile court. She did not move to withdraw her consent
until April 20, 2018, well after the thirty days expired.
[¶16] An order terminating the mother’s parental rights was entered based on the
mother’s consent to termination. The mother did not retain custody of the children,
and she did not move to withdraw her consent until more than thirty days after the
order was issued. The mother’s motion was untimely under N.D.C.C. § 27-20-45(6)
and the juvenile court did not err in denying the mother’s motion to withdraw her
consent.
                                          III
[¶17] We have considered the remaining issues and arguments and conclude they are
either without merit or unnecessary to our decision. We affirm the order denying
H.G.’s motion to withdraw her consent to terminate her parental rights.
[¶18] Daniel J. Crothers
      Lisa Fair McEvers
      Jerod E. Tufte
      James D. Gion, D.J.
      Gerald W. VandeWalle, C.J.

[¶19] The Honorable James D. Gion, D.J., sitting in place of Jensen, J., disqualified.




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