Filed 3/4/14 P. v. Cockrell CA2/6
                       NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.


                   IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                         SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                        DIVISION SIX


THE PEOPLE,                                                                   2d Crim. No. B241567
                                                                            (Super. Ct. No. F415411)
     Plaintiff and Respondent,                                              (San Luis Obispo County)

v.

KENNETH LEROY COCKRELL,

     Defendant and Appellant.


         Kenneth Leroy Cockrell, Jr. appeals from the judgment entered following his
conviction of the first degree murder of his wife. (Pen. Code, §§ 187, subd. (a), 189.)1
Appellant originally pleaded not guilty and not guilty by reason of insanity. He later
withdrew the not guilty plea and admitted that he had personally used a deadly or
dangerous weapon (§ 12022, subd. (b)(1)) and had proximately caused the death of a 66-
year-old elder. (§ 368, subd. (b)(3)(A).) A court trial was conducted on appellant's plea
of not guilty by reason of insanity. The court found that appellant was sane at the time of
the commission of the crime. Appellant, who is presently 70 years old, was sentenced to
prison for 26 years to life.
         Appellant contends that the trial court applied an erroneous standard of insanity
and that "the evidence contrary to the trial court's finding that appellant was sane was of



1
    All statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise stated.
such weight and character, that the trial court could not reasonably have rejected it." We
affirm.
                                               Facts
          Appellant "was a very religious person." He was married to Margaret L., the
grandmother of Michael L. Appellant was Michael L.'s step-grandfather. In 2006 when
Michael L. was 16 years old, he told his grandmother and appellant that he was gay.
Appellant became very angry. Michael L. testified that appellant had said "it was a sin,
that I was going to go to hell, I'll never live a normal life." Michael L. and appellant
argued for more than two hours. After the argument, Michael L. saw appellant "only a
few times." When they met, they did not talk to each other. "We pretended like we
didn't exist." Michael L. kept in regular contact with his grandmother.
          On Easter Sunday, March 23, 2008, appellant killed his wife (Margaret L.) by
hitting her in the head with a hammer while she was sleeping. Afterwards, appellant
went to the police station and said that he had killed his wife. The police found wife's
body lying on a bed inside the master bedroom of appellant's home. She "had a massive
head injury and there was blood all over the bed." The police had to force entry into the
master bedroom because the bedroom door was locked. Appellant had locked the door
after the killing.
          The following day, Officer Matt Aanerud interviewed appellant. Appellant said
that his step-grandson, Michael L., was "trying to introduce homosexual doctrine."
Appellant hoped that by killing his wife, he would cure Michael of his homosexuality and
cure "society" as well. Officer Aanerud asked: "This happened because you're trying to
cure not only Michael but other people that are like him also and by doing that you had to
kill your wife so
that . . . they could see how serious you are. Is . . . that correct?" Appellant replied:
"Yes. That it's serious, not only how serious I am but how serious it is." Officer Aanerud
inquired, "Is there anything else that you can think of that would help me understand
what happened . . . yesterday?" Appellant answered: "I don't think I could put any more
understanding to it." Officer Annerud asked: "What would God ask you to do?"

                                                 2
Appellant responded; "That's a good question." Appellant did not mention anything
about hearing voices. Nor did he say that God had commanded him to kill his wife.
                                      Expert Testimony
       One psychiatrist and three psychologists testified for appellant. Dr. David Fennell,
the psychiatrist, testified that appellant had said he heard "a voice . . . stating the words,
'kill Peggy,' referring to his wife." The voice " 'was like voodoo dolls.' " For several
days appellant struggled to resist the voice. Finally, he " 'gave into it.' " Appellant
"mentioned the word 'sacrifice.' "
       Dr. Fennel opined that appellant had understood that "killing a human being is a
legal wrong," but had been unable to "appreciate the moral rightness and wrongness of
his actions." When appellant killed his wife, "he was responding to a higher moral
authority . . . ." Dr. Fennel continued: "[T]his is somewhat akin to a biblical story of
Abraham when he was going to sacrifice his son, Isaac, that he was going to obey God. . .
. As painful as it was to [appellant] personally, because he dearly loved his wife, . . . he
needed to obey God's command to do . . . this sacrifice." On the other hand, appellant
knew that it was morally wrong to kill because of "the commandment that says, thou
shall not kill." Appellant told Dr. Fennel that Michael L.'s homosexuality "really wasn't -
- a consideration. It was just something that he was not happy about . . . ."
         Dr. Emily Wisniewski concluded that appellant was suffering from a "psychotic
disorder." She opined that appellant understood "that what he was doing was legally
wrong, but because of his psychotic symptoms he was unable to appreciate that [it was]
morally wrong . . . ." "He believed that . . . he had . . . been commanded by God to kill
his wife -- a sacrifice." Appellant told Dr. Wisniewski that " 'a blood sacrifice' " would
be " 'good for the same purpose that Christ died and was resurrected so all men might
know that he's the one we're to obey.' " Appellant " 'thought it was God's will.' "
       Dr. Brandi Mathews concluded that appellant was suffering from "psychosis."
"Psychosis means that an individual has lost touch with reality." Dr. Mathews opined
that appellant "did not know or understand that his act was . . . morally wrong" when he
killed his wife. On the other hand, he knew that his act was legally wrong. Appellant

                                                   3
told Dr. Mathews that his wife was " 'the best of the best,' " and this was "the reason that
he . . . was being called to sacrifice her just as Abraham was called to sacrifice the son
that he loved very much." God had "called for a sacrifice" to test appellant's
"faithfulness." "[H]e believed if he . . . 'sacrificed' the best thing in his life . . . that that
would be the ultimate sacrifice and that, in turn, would make the world better or make
him better." Appellant stated that Michael L.'s homosexuality "was not a major factor in
his thinking at the time."
       Dr. Carolyn Murphy testified that appellant had told her that, by killing his wife,
he was trying to "cleanse [her] of her sins" and "ensure that she would get to heaven
safely." Dr. Murphy opined that appellant "did not know that what he was doing was
morally wrong."
       Dr. Kris Mohnadie, a psychologist, testified for the People. She concluded that,
when appellant killed his wife, he was suffering from a "psychotic disorder not otherwise
specified." The "not otherwise specified" language "means it doesn't really fit neatly into
any category." The disorder was "not so extreme that he [was] significantly impaired."
She noted that appellant "has been very functional in his life and has no significant
history" of mental illness.
       Dr. Mohnadie opined that, despite appellant's mental disorder, he appreciated that
it was morally wrong to kill his wife. One of the factors she considered was appellant's
statement that, immediately before the killing, he "was having a back and forth internal
debate" about whether he should kill his wife. Appellant was saying to himself, "[T]hou
shalt not kill, kill Peggy." Dr. Mohnadie continued: "So up until the moment he goes in
there [the bedroom] he's having this debate. He's consulting the Bible. He's fighting
these different parts of himself, . . . he is very much involved in questioning of what he's
doing on a moral level at that point in time. And I think that is very strong evidence of
moral capability and that he was not incapable." Dr. Mohnadie also took into account
appellant's statement that at the time of the killing he recognized that "others would think
it was wrong." In addition, Dr. Mohnadie noted that after the killing appellant locked the
bedroom door because "[h]e didn't want other people to be traumatized by [the killing.]"

                                                     4
The other people included his step-daughter, who was residing in the family home. The
act of locking the door showed an "active conscience."
                                    Trial Court's Decision
          The trial court concluded that appellant had not proved by a preponderance of the
evidence that he was insane at the time of the killing. The court discredited the testimony
of appellant's experts that he heard voices telling him to kill his wife and that he believed
God had commanded him to kill her. The court noted that, when appellant was
interviewed by the police the day after the killing, he never mentioned hearing voices or
doing God's will. From appellant's "standpoint," the court stated, at "best . . . the
evidence would lead to an inference . . . that his delusion was that killing Peggy would
cure Michael." "But his distorted delusion to cure Michael cannot support . . . that he
was . . . incapable of discerning right from wrong." The court considered it important
that, before appellant entered the bedroom to kill his wife, he was "weighing the rightness
and wrongness" of his course of action.
                                         Insanity Rules
          To establish the defense of insanity, the defendant must prove "by a
preponderance of the evidence that he or she was incapable of knowing or understanding
the nature and quality of his or her act [or] of distinguishing right from wrong at the time
of the commission of the offense." (People v. Skinner (1985) 39 Cal.3d 765, 768-769;
§ 25, subd. (b).) "The relevant inquiry regarding sanity is whether the defendant
was incapable of distinguishing right from wrong, that is, of realizing that his crimes
were morally wrong." (People v. Kelly (1992) 1 Cal.4th 495, 535.) "[A] defendant who
is incapable of understanding that his act is morally wrong is not criminally liable merely
because he knows the act is unlawful. [Citations.]" (People v. Skinner, supra, 39 Cal.3d
at p. 783.) This standard of insanity does not "permit a defendant to be found sane who
because of mental illness believed that God commanded and expected him to kill another
human being and that therefore the killing was morally justified and was not 'wrong.' "
(Ibid.)


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              The Trial Court Did Not Apply an Erroneous Standard of Insanity
       Appellant contends that the trial court applied an erroneous standard of insanity:
"Under the trial court's reasoning, a person is not incapable of distinguishing right from
wrong if, after an effort to distinguish right from wrong, the person chooses erroneously."
Appellant is referring to the court's consideration of appellant's "weighing the rightness
and wrongness" of his course of action before entering the bedroom to kill his wife. The
court was entitled to consider this factor in determining whether appellant was incapable
of distinguishing right from wrong. Its consideration of the factor does not establish that
the court found that the mere act of "weighing the rightness and wrongness" conclusively
established appellant's sanity.
       Appellant also contends that the trial court erroneously concluded that his belief
that the killing was "justified by a higher good . . . precluded a finding of insanity." This
contention is based on the court's statement that appellant's "distorted delusion to cure
Michael cannot support . . . that he was . . . incapable of discerning right from wrong."
We do not construe the court's statement to mean that appellant's "delusion to cure
Michael" precluded a finding of insanity. We construe it to mean that, without more,
appellant's delusion was insufficient to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that he
was incapable of distinguishing right from wrong. A reasonable court could reach this
conclusion.
                 The Trial Court Reasonably Rejected Appellant's Evidence
       Appellant argues that "the evidence contrary to the trial court's finding that
appellant was sane was of such weight and character, that the trial court could not
reasonably have rejected it." The evidence, contrary to the sanity finding, consisted of
testimony that appellant was hearing voices telling him to kill his wife and that he
believed God had commanded him to "sacrifice" her. The trial court reasonably rejected
this testimony. During the police interview the day after the killing, appellant said that he
had killed his wife to cure Michael L. of his homosexuality. Appellant mentioned
nothing about hearing voices or following God's command. In reply to Aanerud's


                                                  6
inquiry: "What would God ask you to do," appellant responded, "That's a good
question."
       The trial court's finding of sanity is sufficiently supported by Dr. Mohnadie's
testimony that appellant knew it was morally wrong to kill his wife. Even if Dr.
Mohnadie had not testified, the trial court could have reasonably concluded that appellant
had not carried his burden of proof because the expert testimony was not credible.
"Defendant . . . has the burden of proof on the issue of insanity; if neither party presents
credible evidence on that issue the jury must find him sane." (People v. Drew (1978) 22
Cal.3d 333, 351, superseded by statute on another ground as stated in People v. Skinner,
supra, 39 Cal.3d at pp. 768-769.)
                                         Disposition
       The judgment is affirmed.
              NOT TO BE PUBLISHED.



                                                          YEGAN, J.


We concur:



              GILBERT, P.J.



              PERREN, J.




                                                  7
                               Barry T. LaBarbera, Judge

                       Superior Court County of San Luis Obispo

                          ______________________________


             Jean Matulis, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Appellant.


             Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant
Attorney General, Lance E. Winters, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Steven D.
Matthews, Supervising Deputy Attorney General, David E. Madeo, Deputy Attorney
General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.




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