[Cite as State v. Mitchell, 2019-Ohio-2103.]


STATE OF OHIO                      )                 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                   )ss:              NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT                   )

STATE OF OHIO                                        C.A. No.      29223

        Appellee

        v.                                           APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                     ENTERED IN THE
DANIELLE MITCHELL                                    COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                                                     COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
        Appellant                                    CASE No.   CR-2018-03-1046-A

                                  DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: May 29, 2019



        HENSAL, Judge.

        {¶1}     Danielle Mitchell appeals her robbery conviction from the Summit County Court

of Common Pleas. This Court affirms.

                                                I.

        {¶2}     The victim in this case previously dated Ms. Mitchell. A few years after their

relationship ended, the victim hired Ms. Mitchell, her sister, and another woman to work with

him at a restaurant he ran out of a local bar. The restaurant was cash only, and the victim paid

his three employees in cash.

        {¶3}     Ms. Mitchell eventually quit the restaurant without giving prior notice. At the

time she quit, the victim was staying at Ms. Mitchell’s sister’s apartment, though he denied being

in a relationship with her. Shortly thereafter, the victim collected his belongings from Ms.

Mitchell’s sister’s apartment, including his clothes and a bag of cash that contained money from

the restaurant, some of which the victim owed to his employees. The victim explained that he
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packed his belongings because he knew Ms. Mitchell had a key to her sister’s apartment, and he

no longer felt comfortable staying there. Both Ms. Mitchell and her sister were present while the

victim packed his belongings, and the victim noticed that Ms. Mitchell was using her cell phone.

       {¶4}   The victim’s testimony and surveillance footage established that the following

events took place. The victim packed his belongings into a suitcase and put the suitcase into the

trunk of his car, which was parked next to Ms. Michell’s car in the apartment complex’s parking

lot. Then, another car pulled into the parking lot and three men emerged. The three men

approached the victim and immediately became aggressive. The victim prepared to fight the

men but, being outnumbered, decided to run from them. Two of the men pursued him while the

third man opened the trunk of the victim’s car and removed the suitcase, as well as another bag.

The two men eventually caught up to the victim and hit him. Meanwhile, Ms. Mitchell arrived at

the parking lot and was standing next to her car. The third man – with the victim’s belongings in

hand – motioned toward Ms. Mitchell, and the trunk of her car popped open. The third man then

put the victim’s belongings into her trunk, and she immediately drove off. The three men then

returned to their vehicle and left the scene. The victim watched as the men drove away, and then

flagged down a police officer.

       {¶5}   The police arrested and interviewed Ms. Mitchell. During the interview, Ms.

Mitchell allowed the officer to look through her cell phone, which contained text messages from

the day of the events in question. This included text messages from Ms. Mitchell to her

boyfriend’s brother’s phone, containing the address (which was off by one digit) of her sister’s

apartment, and a message saying “he here” within minutes prior to the three men pulling into the

parking lot and confronting the victim. Police later identified one of the three men as Ms.

Mitchell’s boyfriend.
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       {¶6}    A grand jury indicted Ms. Mitchell on one count of robbery in violation of

Revised Code Section 2911.02(A)(2). Ms. Mitchell pleaded not guilty, and the matter proceeded

to a jury trial. At trial, the State proceeded under the theory of complicity to commit robbery,

and the jury returned a verdict of guilty. Ms. Mitchell now appeals, raising three assignments of

error for our review.

                                                II.

                                   ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

       DANIELLE’S CONVICTION[ WAS] NOT BASED UPON SUFFICIENT
       EVIDENCE AS A MATTER OF LAW[.]

       {¶7}    In her first assignment of error, Ms. Mitchell argues that her conviction for

robbery was based upon insufficient evidence. This Court disagrees.

       {¶8}    A sufficiency challenge of a criminal conviction presents a question of law, which

we review de novo. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386 (1997). “[T]he relevant inquiry

is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational

trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable

doubt.” State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259 (1991), paragraph two of the syllabus. Although we

conduct de novo review, “we neither resolve evidentiary conflicts nor assess the credibility of

witnesses, as both are functions reserved for the trier of fact.” State v. Jones, 1st Dist. Hamilton

Nos. C-120570, C-120751, 2013-Ohio-4775, ¶ 33.

       {¶9}    Ms. Mitchell challenges the sufficiency of the evidence based upon the State’s

alleged failure to establish that she knowingly committed robbery. She asserts that she was

simply using her cell phone and sitting in her car while the robbery occurred. Somewhat

paradoxically, she also asserts that she did not commit a theft because she “merely took back her

wages” that the victim owed her.
                                                4


       {¶10} Section 2911.02(A)(2), under which Ms. Mitchell was charged, provides that

“[n]o person, in attempting or committing a theft offense * * * shall * * * [i]nflict, attempt to

inflict, or threaten to inflict physical harm on another[.]” A theft offense occurs when someone

knowingly obtains or exerts control over the property of another without the owner’s consent,

with the purpose to deprive the owner of that property. R.C. 2913.02(A)(1). Section 2923.03

governs complicity, providing that “[n]o person, acting with the kind of culpability required for

the commission of an offense, shall * * * [a]id or abet another in committing the offense[.]”

R.C. 2923.03(A)(2). As the Ohio Supreme Court has stated:

       [t]o support a conviction for complicity by aiding and abetting pursuant to R.C.
       2923.03(A)(2), the evidence must show that the defendant supported, assisted,
       encouraged, cooperated with, advised, or incited the principal in the commission
       of the crime, and that the defendant shared the criminal intent of the principal.

State v. Johnson, 93 Ohio St.3d 240 (2001), syllabus. “Such criminal intent can be inferred from

the presence, companionship, and conduct of the defendant before and after the offense is

committed.” In re T.K., 109 Ohio St.3d 512, 2006-Ohio-3056, ¶ 13.

       {¶11} The evidence presented at trial, if believed, indicates that two men chased the

victim – eventually catching up to him and hitting him – while another man took the victim’s

belongings from the trunk of the victim’s car. This included a bag of cash – some of which the

victim admittedly owed to Ms. Mitchell – and other personal items. After the man holding the

victim’s belongings motioned toward Ms. Mitchell, the trunk of her car popped open, and he put

the victim’s belongings into her trunk. Ms. Mitchell then got into her car and drove off.

Viewing this evidence in a light most favorable to the State, we cannot say that the State

presented insufficient evidence to support Ms. Mitchell’s conviction for complicity to commit

robbery. Ms. Mitchell’s first assignment of error is overruled.
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                                   ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II

       DANIELLE’S CONVICTION[ WAS] AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT
       OF THE EVIDENCE[.]

       {¶12} In her second assignment of error, Ms. Mitchell asserts that her conviction was

against the manifest weight of the evidence. If a defendant asserts that a conviction is against the

manifest weight of the evidence,

       an appellate court must review the entire record, weigh the evidence and all
       reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of witnesses and determine
       whether, in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact clearly lost its way
       and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be
       reversed and a new trial ordered.

State v. Otten, 33 Ohio App.3d 339, 340 (9th Dist.1986). Weight of the evidence pertains to the

greater amount of credible evidence produced in a trial to support one side over the other side.

Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, at 387. An appellate court should only exercise its power to

reverse a judgment as against the manifest weight of the evidence in exceptional cases. State v.

Carson, 9th Dist. Summit No. 26900, 2013-Ohio-5785, ¶ 32, citing Otten at 340.

       {¶13} Ms. Mitchell argues that the jury clearly lost its way due to the “overwhelming

romantic entanglement of the parties” created by the fact that the victim previously dated her,

was living with her sister, and owed both of the women money for their work at the restaurant.

She, therefore, asserts that she had “other possible motives[.]”

       {¶14} We fail to see how Ms. Mitchell’s “other possible motives” render her conviction

for complicity to commit robbery against the manifest weight of the evidence. Nor has Ms.

Mitchell properly developed an argument in support of this position. See App.R. 16(A)(7). To

the extent that her argument is an attempt to challenge the victim’s credibility, “the weight to be

given the evidence and the credibility of the witnesses are primarily for the trier of facts.” State

v. DeHass, 10 Ohio St.2d 230 (1967), paragraph one of the syllabus. This is because “[t]he trier
                                                  6


of fact is in the best position to judge the credibility of the witnesses[.]” State v. Curry, 9th Dist.

Summit No. 23104, 2007-Ohio-238, ¶ 19. The jury, therefore, “is free to believe all, part, or

none of the testimony of each witness[,]” and this Court “will not overturn a conviction as being

against the manifest weight of the evidence simply because the trier of fact chose to believe the

State’s version of events over another version.”         Prince v. Jordan, 9th Dist. Lorain No.

04CA008423, 2004-Ohio-7184, ¶ 35; State v. Fry, 9th Dist. Medina No. 16CA0057-M, 2017-

Ohio-9077, ¶ 13. Accordingly, Ms. Mitchell’s second assignment of error is overruled.

                                  ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY ADMITTING STATE’S EXHIBIT 3 INTO
       EVIDENCE AGAINST DANIELLE[.]

       {¶15} In her third assignment of error, Ms. Mitchell argues that the trial court erred by

admitting a screenshot of her text messages to her boyfriend’s brother’s phone into evidence.

The crux of her argument is that the messages were not put into context and, therefore, were

admitted in contravention of Evidence Rules 106 and 403.              This Court will not “disturb

evidentiary decisions in the absence of an abuse of discretion that has created material

prejudice.” State v. Diar, 120 Ohio St.3d 460, 2008-Ohio-6266, ¶ 66.

       {¶16} Evidence Rule 106 provides that:

       [w]hen a writing or recorded statement or part thereof is introduced by a party, an
       adverse party may require the introduction at that time of any other part or any
       other writing or recorded statement which is otherwise admissible and which
       ought in fairness to be considered contemporaneously with it.

Thus, this Rule “allows the adverse party to immediately put the admitted statements into context

by permitting h[er] to simultaneously admit the remainder of the writing or recording.” State v.

Byrd, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 03CA008230, 2003-Ohio-7168, ¶ 26.
                                                 7


       {¶17} Regarding Rule 403, Ms. Mitchell relied upon subsection (A) in her pre-trial

motion in limine, and at trial. Yet her merit brief on appeal cites subsection (B). The substance

of her argument, however, relates to subsection (A), and we will address her argument

accordingly. Evidence Rule 403(A) provides that:

       [a]lthough relevant, evidence is not admissible if its probative value is
       substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, of confusion of the
       issues, or of misleading the jury.

       {¶18} Relying on these evidentiary rules, Ms. Mitchell argues that the admitted text

messages were taken out of context, that they were inculpatory, and that they were “substantially

prejudicial[.]” She asserts that, taken in context, they could have been exculpatory.

       {¶19} There is no dispute that Ms. Mitchell consented to the search of her cell phone

after she received her Miranda rights. At trial, Ms. Mitchell’s counsel objected to the text

messages being admitted into evidence, but made no attempt to offer evidence that would have

put those text messages into some other context. See Evid.R. 106. Ms. Mitchell’s argument on

appeal requires this Court to assume that other evidence existed that would have undermined the

inculpatory nature of those text messages, and to hold that the trial court erred by admitting them

simply because they were prejudicial to her. As the State points out, all evidence can be

prejudicial to the opposing party. State v. Kilbarger, 5th Dist. Fairfield No. 13-CA-64, 2014-

Ohio-4949, ¶ 39. To be excluded under Evidence Rule 403(A), however, the evidence must be

“unfair[ly] prejudic[ial],” which Ms. Mitchell has failed to establish. We, therefore, conclude

that the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it admitted the text messages Ms. Mitchell

sent to her boyfriend’s brother’s phone into evidence. Ms. Mitchell’s third assignment of error is

overruled.
                                                 8


                                                III.

       {¶20} Ms. Mitchell’s assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Summit

County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

                                                                              Judgment affirmed.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellant.




                                                       JENNIFER HENSAL
                                                       FOR THE COURT



TEODOSIO, P. J.
SCHAFER, J.
CONCUR.
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APPEARANCES:

WESLEY C. BUCHANAN, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and JACQUENETTE CORGAN, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.
