                                                                                                                           Opinions of the United
2007 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


12-19-2007

USA v. Degrasse
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 06-2976




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NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

                                   Case No: 06-2976

                             UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

                                            v.

                                ESBOND DEGRASSE,

                                          Appellant


                On Appeal from the District Court of the Virgin Islands
                            District Court No. 02-cr-00125
                  District Judge: The Honorable Anne E. Thompson


                               Argued December 10, 2007

               Before: SMITH, NYGAARD, and ROTH, Circuit Judges

                               (Filed December 19, 2007)

Eszart A. Wynter (Argued)
27 Estate Whim
P.O. Box 1847
Frederiksted, St. Croix
U.S. Virgin Islands, 00841
Counsel for Appellant

Denise A. Hinds-Roach (Argued)
Office of United States Attorney
1108 King Street, Suite 201
Christiansted, St. Croix
U.S. Virgin Islands, 00820
Counsel for Appellee
                                         OPINION


SMITH, Circuit Judge.

       Esbond DeGrasse is a former Virgin Islands Narcotic Strike Force officer who,

along with other officers, was arrested and charged in a sixteen count indictment alleging,

inter alia, conspiracy, drug possession and distribution, racketeering and destruction of

property. DeGrasse entered into a Plea and Cooperation Agreement with the Government

and pled guilty on September 20, 2002. The District Court of the Virgin Islands

sentenced DeGrasse to 48 months imprisonment on May 24, 2006. DeGrasse appealed.1

He contends that 1) the Government breached the plea agreement; and 2) the delay in

sentencing violated his Sixth Amendment right to a speedy trial and his Fifth Amendment

right to due process. We will affirm the judgment of the District Court.

       The record reveals that the parties executed a written plea agreement on September

16, 2002. Pursuant to that agreement, DeGrasse agreed to plead guilty to charges of

conspiracy to distribute drugs and racketeering. In addition, he agreed to accept

responsibility for at least five kilograms of cocaine for sentencing guideline purposes.

       DeGrasse subsequently pled guilty to the above charges. Nevertheless, DeGrasse

contends that the executed plea agreement contains terms that are different from terms



   1
     The District Court had jurisdiction pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3231. We exercise
appellate jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291.
                                             2
that he agreed to following negotiations and that were represented to him in an earlier

draft of the agreement. Specifically, DeGrasse claims that he never agreed to the

conspiracy charge or to accept responsibility for five kilograms of cocaine.

         We see no reason to consider an earlier draft of the agreement. The terms of an

agreement were reduced to writing and executed by the parties. The District Court

thoroughly colloquied DeGrasse on that agreement during the plea proceedings. Because

the Government complied with the terms of that plea agreement, DeGrasse’s breach claim

fails.

         DeGrasse’s speedy trial claim also fails.2 DeGrasse pled guilty on September 20,

2002. As part of the plea agreement, DeGrasse agreed to cooperate with the

Government’s ongoing investigations and prosecutions. In addition, the agreement

reserved to the Government the right to delay sentencing until his cooperation was

complete.3

         Pursuant to the agreement, DeGrasse testified against his two remaining co-

defendants in August and September of 2003. The Probation Office filed its pre-sentence


   2
      This Court has held conclusively that the Sixth Amendment right to a speedy trial
applies from arrest through sentencing. Burkett v. Cunningham, 826 F.2d 1208, 1220 (3d
Cir. 1987). Because DeGrasse raises this constitutional challenge for the first time on
appeal to this Court, our review is for plain error. United States v. Cotton, 535 U.S. 625,
631 (2002) (citing United States v. Olano, 507 U.S. 725 (1993)).
   3
     Paragraph “l” of the Plea and Cooperation Agreement provides: “To enable the
Court to have the benefit of all relevant sentencing information, the defendant waives any
rights to a prompt sentencing, and will not object to sentencing being postponed until his
cooperation is complete if deemed appropriate by the attorney for the government.”
                                              3
report (“PSR”) on May 27, 2004, and the court scheduled DeGrasse for sentencing on

March 17, 2006. DeGrasse requested a continuance, which was granted, and District

Judge Thompson eventually sentenced him on May 24, 2006. Taking these facts into

account, the delay that was not attributable to DeGrasse’s cooperation or his own actions

is the period from May 28, 2004, when the PSR was generated, to March 16, 2006, when

the court initially scheduled DeGrasse’s sentencing. This is approximately a 22-month

delay.

         To determine whether the Sixth Amendment has been violated, we weigh: 1)

length of delay; 2) reason for the delay; 3) defendant’s assertion of his right; and 4)

prejudice to the defendant. Burkett v. Fulcomer, 951 F.2d 1431, 1439 (3d Cir. 1991)

(citing Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514 (1972)). “The length of the delay is to some extent

a triggering mechanism. Until there is some delay which is presumptively prejudicial,

there is no necessity for inquiry into the other factors that go into the balance.” Barker,

407 U.S. at 530–31. We assume, without deciding, that the 22-month delay in sentencing

is sufficiently lengthy to warrant consideration of the other three factors.

         Here, the government’s reason for the delay is twofold: 1) the judge assigned to

DeGrasse’s case retired from the bench in January 2005 and therefore a visiting judge had

to be assigned to DeGrasse’s case for sentencing; and 2) the judicial logistics attendant to

sentencing four additional defendants. The record does not reveal any bad faith or

dilatory purpose by the Government to delay sentencing. Therefore, while ultimate

responsibility for these circumstances rests with the Government, they will not be

                                              4
weighed heavily against it. See Gov’t of V.I. v. Pemberton, 813 F.2d 626, 628 (3d Cir.

1987); Barker, 407 U.S. at 531.

         As to the third factor, DeGrasse never asserted his right to a speedy trial and this

factor weighs heavily against him. Our Court has reiterated the Supreme Court’s

admonition that the failure to raise the right makes it difficult for a defendant to prove that

he was denied a speedy trial. Pemberton, 813 F.2d at 629 (citing Barker, 407 U.S. at

532).

         Finally, DeGrasse cannot show prejudice resulting from the delay. He was at

liberty at all times prior to his sentencing, his rights as a litigant were not impaired by the

delay, and he did not suffer more than the usual hardships associated with awaiting

sentencing. See Pemberton, 813 F.2d at 629 (recognizing that prejudice must be assessed

in light of the interests which the speedy trial right was designed to protect: (1) preventing

oppressive pretrial incarceration, (2) minimizing anxiety and concern of the accused, and

(3) limiting the possibility that the defense will be impaired).

         The lack of prejudice, combined with DeGrasse’s failure to assert his right, is

decisive in this case. Additionally, the lack of prejudice disposes of DeGrasse’s due

process claim as well. See United States v. MacDonald, 456 U.S. 1, 8 (1982) (explaining

that the Due Process Clause protects the interest of preventing prejudice to the defense

caused by the passage of time). Accordingly, we will affirm the judgment of the District

Court.



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