 [Cite as State v. Bittner, 2014-Ohio-3433.]



                            IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                               SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                     CLARK COUNTY

 STATE OF OHIO

         Plaintiff-Appellee

 v.

 BONNIE BITTNER

         Defendant-Appellant


 Appellate Case No.        2013-CA-116

 Trial Court Case No. 2013-CR-605


 (Criminal Appeal from
 (Common Pleas Court)
                                               ...........

                                               OPINION

                                 Rendered on the 8th day of August, 2014.

                                               ...........

RYAN A. SAUNDERS, Assistant Clark County Prosecuting Attorney, Atty. Reg. No. 0091678, 50
East Columbia Street, Fourth Floor, Springfield, Ohio 45502
       Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee

HILARY LERMAN, Atty. Reg. No. 0029975, 249 Wyoming Street, Dayton, Ohio 45409
     Attorney for Defendant-Appellant

                                               .............



WELBAUM, J.
                                                                                                                               2




         {¶ 1}       Defendant-appellant, Bonnie Bittner, appeals from her prison sentence received

in the Clark County Court of Common Pleas following her guilty plea to two counts of forgery.

For the reasons outlined below, the judgment of the trial court will be affirmed.



                                           Facts and Course of Proceedings

         {¶ 2}       On September 3, 2013, Bittner was indicted on five counts of forgery in violation

of R.C. 2913.31(A)(3), all felonies of the fifth degree. The charges arose from Bittner passing

multiple counterfeit checks on July 11, 15, and 17, 2013, in Clark County, Ohio. On November

7, 2013, Bittner pled guilty to two of the forgery counts1 and the remaining three counts were

dismissed by the State pursuant to a plea agreement. As part of the plea agreement, Bittner

agreed to pay restitution in the amount of $7,566.53.

         {¶ 3}       At Bittner’s sentencing hearing, the trial court reviewed her criminal record and

noted that she had prior convictions for grand theft, involuntary manslaughter, theft, tampering

with records, and aggravated arson. The court further noted that Bittner received consecutive

prison sentences for those offenses, which amounted to a ten-and-one-half-year prison term.

Additionally, the trial court indicated that at the time of her forgery offenses, Bittner was on

post-release control, as she was under the supervision of the Adult Parole Authority and had 14

months remaining in the program. While Bittner apologized for her behavior and said that she

was ready to accept the consequences for her actions, the trial court noted that it was unclear

           1
              The forgery counts Bittner pled guilty to stem from her passing two counterfeit checks at two separate branches of Home City
 Federal Savings Bank on July 15, 2013. The amount of each counterfeit check was $1,559.34. Bittner claimed that drug dealers gave her
 the counterfeit checks and that she would cash the checks and give the cash to the dealers in exchange for drugs.
                                                                                                3


whether Bittner’s remorse was genuine. The trial court also indicated that the victims of her

crimes suffered serious economic harm and that her risk of recidivism was moderate based on the

Ohio Risk Assessment System.

         {¶ 4}   On November 27, 2013, after considering the foregoing factors, the purposes and

principles of felony sentencing in R.C. 2929.11, and the sentencing factors in R.C. 2929.12, the

trial court sentenced Bittner to 11 months in prison for each forgery count, and ordered the

sentences to run consecutively for a total of 22 months in prison. The trial court also ordered

Bittner to pay restitution in the amount of $7,566.53, plus a five percent handling fee, and court

costs.

         {¶ 5}   Bittner now appeals from the trial court’s imposition of consecutive sentences,

raising one assignment of error for review.



                                       Assignment of Error

         {¶ 6}   Bittner’s sole assignment of error is as follows:

         THE COURT SENTENCED APPELLANT TO CONSECUTIVE SENTENCES

         WITHOUT ADEQUATELY FOLLOWING R.C. 2929.14(C)(4).

         {¶ 7}   Under her sole assignment of error, Bittner argues that the trial court erred in

imposing consecutive sentences without making the required findings under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4).

 In addition, she argues that the record fails to support the required findings. We disagree.

         {¶ 8}   As a preliminary matter, we note that R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) is the appellate

standard of review for all felony sentences, including consecutive sentences. State v. Rodeffer,

2013-Ohio-5759, 5 N.E.3d 1069, ¶ 29 (2d Dist.); State v. Mooty, 2014-Ohio-733, 9 N.E.3d 443, ¶
                                                                                              4


68 (2d Dist.). The statute states, in pertinent part, that:

       The appellate court may increase, reduce, or otherwise modify a sentence that is

       appealed under this section or may vacate the sentence and remand the matter to

       the sentencing court for resentencing. The appellate court’s standard for review

       is not whether the sentencing court abused its discretion. The appellate court

       may take any action authorized by this division if it clearly and convincingly finds

       either of the following:

       (a)     That the record does not support the sentencing court’s findings under

               division (B) or (D) of section 2929.13, division (B)(2)(e) or (C)(4) of

               section 2929.14, or division (I) of section 2929.20 of the Revised Code,

               whichever, if any, is relevant;

       (b)     That the sentence is otherwise contrary to law.

R.C. 2953.08(G)(2).

       {¶ 9}     We also observed in Rodeffer that:

       “the clear and convincing standard used by R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) is written in the

       negative. It does not say that the trial judge must have clear and convincing

       evidence to support its findings. Instead, it is the court of appeals that must

       clearly and convincingly find that the record does not support the court’s

       findings.” * * * “In other words, the restriction is on the appellate court, not the

       trial judge. This is an extremely deferential standard of review.”

Rodeffer at ¶ 31, quoting State v. Venes, 2013-Ohio-1891, 992 N.E.2d 453, ¶ 21 (8th Dist.).

       {¶ 10} As noted earlier, Bittner argues that the trial court erred in imposing consecutive
                                                                                           5


sentences.   Pursuant to R.C. 2929.14(C)(4), a sentencing court must make certain findings

before imposing consecutive sentences.       Specifically, a trial court may impose consecutive

sentences if it determines that: (1) consecutive service is necessary to protect the public from

future crime or to punish the offender; (2) consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to the

seriousness of the offender’s conduct and to the danger the offender poses to the public; and (3)

one or more of the following three findings are satisfied:

       (a)     The offender committed one or more of the multiple offenses while the

               offender was awaiting trial or sentencing, was under a sanction imposed

               pursuant to section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the Revised Code, or

               was under post-release control for a prior offense.

       (b)     At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of one or

               more courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or more of the

               multiple offenses so committed was so great or unusual that no single

               prison term for any of the offenses committed as part of any of the courses

               of conduct adequately reflects the seriousness of the offender’s conduct.

       (c)     The offender’s history of criminal conduct demonstrates that consecutive

               sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime by the

               offender.

R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(a)-(c).

       {¶ 11} “[A] trial court is required to make the findings mandated by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)

at the sentencing hearing and incorporate its findings into its sentencing entry, but it has no

obligation to state reasons to support its findings.”        State v. Bonnell, Slip Opinion No.
                                                                                           6


2014-Ohio-3177, syllabus.

       {¶ 12} In this case, the trial court considered various factors before imposing

consecutive sentences. Specifically, the court considered Bittner’s prior criminal history, that

she was on post-release control at the time of her forgery offenses, and that the victims of her

forgery offenses suffered serious economic harm. The court also questioned the sincerity of

Bittner’s remorse and noted that she exhibited a moderate risk of recidivism based on the Ohio

Risk Assessment System. After considering these factors, the trial court made the following

consecutive-sentence findings at Bittner’s sentencing hearing:

       The Court finds that consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public

       from future crime and to punish the offender. Consecutive sentences are not

       disproportionate to the seriousness of the Defendant’s conduct and to the danger

       the offender poses to the public. Further find [sic] the Defendant committed the

       offenses while under the supervision of the Adult Parole Authority and her

       criminal history demonstrates that consecutive sentences are necessary to protect

       the public from future crime by the Defendant.

Disposition Trans. (Nov. 27, 2013), p. 7-8.

       {¶ 13} The trial court incorporated the foregoing findings in its sentencing entry, which

stated the following:

       The Court has decided that the offender shall serve the prison terms consecutively,

       pursuant to R.C. 2929.14(C)(4), because the court finds that consecutive service is

       necessary to protect the public from future crime and to punish the offender and

       that consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness of the
                                                                                            7


       offender’s conduct and to the danger the offender poses to the public, and the

       Court also finds that the defendant committed one of the offenses while under the

       supervision of the     adult parole authority, and that the defendant’s criminal

       history demonstrates the consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public

       from future crime by the defendant.

Judgment Entry of Conviction (Nov. 27, 2013), Clark County Court of Common Pleas Case No.

13-CR-0605, Docket No. 8, p. 3.

       {¶ 14} The trial court’s language at the sentencing hearing and in its sentencing entry

establishes that it made all the required consecutive-sentence findings under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4).

In addition to making the initial findings that: (1) consecutive service is necessary to protect the

public from future crime or to punish the offender; and (2) consecutive sentences are not

disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and to the danger the offender poses

to the public; the trial court also made findings under subdivisions (a) and (c) of the statute,

which concern Bittner being on post-release control at the time of the offense and having a

history of criminal conduct. This satisfies the requirement that the trial court make one of the

three findings set forth in R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(a) through (c).

       {¶ 15} We do not clearly and convincingly find that the record does not support the trial

court’s consecutive-sentence findings. Furthermore, we do not clearly and convincingly find

that Bittner’s sentence is otherwise contrary to law. “[A] sentence is not contrary to law when

the trial court imposes a sentence within the statutory range, after expressly stating that it had

considered the purposes and principles of sentencing set forth in R.C. 2929.11, as well as the

factors in R.C. 2929.12.” Rodeffer, 2013-Ohio-5759, 5 N.E.3d 1069 at ¶ 32, citing State v.
                                                                                           8


Kalish, 120 Ohio St.3d 23, 2008-Ohio-4912, 896 N.E.2d 124, ¶ 18.              Here, Bittner’s two

11-month prison sentences for forgery are within the prescribed statutory range for felonies of the

fifth degree. See R.C. 2929.14(A)(5). The trial court also expressly stated at the sentencing

hearing and in its sentencing entry that it had considered the purposes and principles of

sentencing set forth in R.C. 2929.11 and the sentencing factors in R.C. 2929.12.

       {¶ 16} For the foregoing reasons, the trial court did not err in imposing consecutive

prison sentences, as the court made all the required findings under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) at the

sentencing hearing and in its sentencing entry, and the findings are not clearly and convincingly

unsupported by the record. In addition, Bittner’s sentence is not otherwise contrary to law.

       {¶ 17} Bittner’s sole assignment of error is overruled.



                                           Conclusion

       {¶ 18} Having overruled Bittner’s sole assignment of error, the judgment of the trial

court is affirmed.



                                         .............

HALL, J., concurs.

DONOVAN, J., concurring:

       {¶ 19} In Rodeffer, cited in the majority opinion, we held that we would no longer use

an abuse-of-discretion standard in reviewing a sentence in a criminal case, but would apply the

standard of review set forth in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). Since then, opinions from this court have

expressed reservations from some judges of this court whether that decision in Rodeffer is
                                                                                           9


correct. See, e.g. State v. Garcia, 2d Dist. Greene No. 2013-CA-51, 2014-Ohio-1538, ¶ 9, fn. 1;

State v. Dover, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2013-CA-58, 2014-Ohio-2303, ¶ 21; State v. Johnson, 2d Dist.

Clark No. 2013-CA-85, 2014-Ohio-2308, ¶ 9, fn.1; State v. Byrd, 2d Dist. Montgomery No.

25842, 2014-Ohio-2553, ¶ 9; State v. Collins, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 25874, 2014-Ohio-2443,

¶ 21, fn. 1.

        {¶ 20} In the case before us, I find no error in the sentence imposed. Bittner’s sentence

is neither clearly and convincingly unsupported by the record, an abuse of discretion, nor contrary

to law. Accordingly, I would affirm.

                                           ..........

Copies mailed to:

Ryan A. Saunders
Hilary Lerman
Hon. Richard J. O’Neill
