                  REPORTED

    IN THE COURT OF SPECIAL APPEALS

               OF MARYLAND

                    No. 0932

             September Term, 2014

______________________________________

ELTON F. NORMAN, ATTORNEY FOR THE
 ESTATE OF NANCY V. PUPPOLO BY ITS
 PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE CELESTE
            A. PUPPOLO
                        v.
SINAI HOSPITAL OF BALTIMORE INC., et
                  al.
______________________________________

       Eyler, Deborah S.
       Graeff,
       Hotten,

                  JJ.1
______________________________________

          Opinion by Hotten, J.
______________________________________

       Filed: October 28, 2015
1
 Judges Timothy E. Meredith and Douglas R. M.
Nazarian did not participate in the Court’s
decision to designate this opinion for publication
in the Maryland Appellate Reports pursuant to
Maryland Rule 8-605.1
       Elton F. Norman (“Mr. Norman”) appealed a decision of the Circuit Court for

Baltimore City, denying his Motion to Withdraw1 as counsel from a medical malpractice

action filed by Celeste A. Puppolo (“Ms. Puppolo”), personal representative of the Estate

of Nancy V. Puppolo (“the Estate”) against appellees, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, et al.

       Shortly after Mr. Norman entered his appearance on behalf of the Estate, he filed a

Motion to Modify the Scheduling Order, which the court denied. Subsequently, during a

pretrial conference, Mr. Norman advanced an oral motion for reconsideration of the court’s

scheduling order and an oral motion to withdraw, citing inter alia, lack of preparation and

trial experience to try the case. The court denied both motions, holding that Ms. Puppolo

appreciated the risk of procuring the late-retained Mr. Norman to her detriment and that

Mr. Norman failed to raise any grounds under the Maryland Rules in support of his motion

to withdraw. This appeal followed. Mr. Norman presents the following question for our

review:

       I.     Did the [circuit] court abuse its discretion under Maryland Rules and
              [c]ourt opinions by denying Mr. Norman’s Motion to Withdraw?

For the reasons that follow, we shall dismiss Mr. Norman’s appeal.

                    FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

       In the underlying action, the Estate sought compensation for damages allegedly

caused by Sinai Hospital of Baltimore Inc. and Christine D’Arbela, M.D. (formerly Kajubi)

regarding the care and treatment of the decedent, Nancy Puppolo. The claim was originally



       1
         Mr. Norman filed the motion and this instant appeal on his own behalf, not on
behalf of his client, the Estate.
filed by Ms. Puppolo, pro se, on January 18, 2011 in the Health Care Alternative Dispute

Resolution Office. Ms. Puppolo proceeded pro se in this matter until she retained Lowell

J. Gordon, Esquire (“Mr. Gordon”), who entered his appearance on April 11, 2011. Mr.

Gordon’s representation was subsequently terminated in August, 2012 for reasons not

specified in this appeal. Thomas O’Toole, Esquire (Mr. O’Toole”) entered his appearance

on behalf of the Estate on July 25, 2013. On December 18, 2013, the court issued an order

setting a trial date for the underlying action to begin on July 8, 2014.

         On May 10, 2014, Ms. Puppolo wrote a letter to Mr. O’Toole, terminating his

representation and citing several grievances relative to his performance as counsel. A

pretrial settlement conference was subsequently held on May 19, 2014. Appellees were in

attendance. Ms. Puppolo however, failed to appear, without securing prior approval from

the court or providing notice to appellees. Thereafter on May 27, 2014, Mr. Norman

entered his appearance on behalf of the Estate.

         On May 30, 2014, Mr. Norman filed a Motion to Modify the Scheduling Order as

attorney for the Estate, seeking to postpone the July 8, 2014 trial date to conduct further

discovery and allow additional time to prepare for trial. In response, appellees filed an

opposition to the motion and requested the court to move the trial date one day, to July 9,

2014.2       On July 2, 2014, the court denied the Estate’s motion and the parties were

scheduled to appear before a trial judge on July 8, 2014 for a continued pretrial conference.


         2
         On May 28, 2014, the court granted appellees’ motion to postpone the trial date
by one day, to July 9, 2014, to allow representatives for Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Inc.
to be present when trial commenced.

                                             -2-
       During the pretrial conference held on July 8, 2014, Mr. Norman argued a Motion

for Reconsideration of the denial of the Motion to Modify the Scheduling Order and the

oral Motion to Withdraw as counsel.3 After hearing argument, the court denied both

motions.

       Thereafter, Mr. Norman filed a Notice of Appeal of the court’s denial of his motions.

As a result, the trial did not commence on July 9, 2014. Additional facts shall be provided,

infra, to the extent they prove relevant in addressing the issues presented.

                                       DISCUSSION

       Mr. Norman avers that an order denying a motion to withdraw is appealable under

the collateral order doctrine. We disagree. The standard of review utilized in considering

the appealability of a court’s order denying a motion to withdraw was outlined by this

Court in In re Franke, 207 Md. App. 679 (2012):

       [T]he exercise of appellate jurisdiction in Maryland is normally dependent
       upon a final judgment rendered by the trial court[.] [However,] there are
       three exceptions to that rule: appeals from interlocutory orders specifically
       allowed by statute; immediate appeals permitted under Maryland Rule 2–
       602; and appeals from interlocutory rulings allowed under the common law
       collateral order doctrine. [In instances when an appeal] is neither allowed by
       statute nor permitted by [Md.] Rule 2-602 . . . we look . . . to the collateral
       order doctrine, in determining the appealability of [a] lower court’s ruling.
       For an order to fall within that exception: (1) it must conclusively determine
       the disputed question; (2) it must resolve an important issue; (3) it must be
       completely separate from the merits of the action; and (4) it must be
       effectively unreviewable on appeal from a final judgment.

Id. at 685 (internal citations and footnotes omitted).

       3
        On July 3, 2014, Mr. Norman also filed a written Motion to Withdraw. The trial
judge determined that his motion was not ripe for attention at the time of the pretrial
conference because the time for appellees to file an opposition had not yet expired. Mr.
Norman subsequently renewed his motion in open court.
                                            -3-
       The collateral order doctrine is limited in scope. “Maryland caselaw consistently

emphasize[s] that the [collateral order] doctrine is to be tightly construed.” Kurstin v.

Bromberg Rosenthal, LLP, 191 Md. App. 124, 144-46 (2010); see also In re Franklin P.,

366 Md. 306, 327, (2001) (stating that the collateral order doctrine is to be applied “only

sparingly”); In re Foley, 373 Md. 627, 633–34 (2003) (stating that in Maryland, the four

requirements of the collateral order doctrine are strictly applied and appeals under the

doctrine may be entertained only in extraordinary circumstances).

       We conclude that the circuit court’s order denying Mr. Norman’s Motion to

Withdraw is not appealable because the order satisfied only two of the requirements under

the collateral order doctrine. The order issued by the court conclusively determined the

disputed question of whether Mr. Norman will continue representation of the Estate and

that issue was separate from the merits of the malpractice action.

       However, the order did not resolve an “important issue” because there was no

evidence of any harm to Mr. Norman by the court’s ruling. Moreover, the order was not

effectively unreviewable on appeal because Mr. Norman’s client would still have the

benefit of a remedy before a final judgment was rendered. Contra Franke, 207 Md. App.

at 688-89; C.f., Brandon v. Blech, 560 F.3d 536, 537 (6th Cir. 2009) (concluding that “[a]n

order compelling an attorney to continue work without compensation is just the sort of

order the doctrine contemplates [ ]” because “[i]t conclusively determined the withdrawal

question, is unrelated to the merits, [and] cannot be rectified after a final judgment [ ]”);

Fidelity Nat’l Title Ins. Co. of New York v. Intercounty Nat’l Title Ins. Co., 310 F.3d 537

(7th Cir. 2002) (concluding that an order denying an attorney’s request to withdraw was an
                                            -4-
appealable order because it satisfied the requirements under the collateral order doctrine);

accord Whiting v. Lacara, 187 F.3d 317 (2d Cir. 1999); Galloway v. Clay, 861 A.2d 30

(D.C. 2004).

       Mr. Norman contends that pursuant to the holding in Franke,4 the court abused its

discretion by denying the motion to withdraw. Mr. Norman concedes that the case at bar

does not involve a matter of compensation as in Franke. However, he asserts that Franke

is analogous because “an agreement was reached between attorney and client that was not

upheld and it now creates a hardship for the attorney.” In support of this contention, Mr.

Norman recounts that, “[he] agreed to participate in this case solely in the role of support

counsel,” and as a result, “[b]ased his entire agreement to enter his appearance contingent

upon two things: (1) postponement of the trial date; and (2) the client obtaining a lead trial

attorney.” Nonetheless, he continues, “as of July 7, 2014, neither has transpired.”

       Mr. Norman further asserts,

       For the [c]ourt to deny Mr. Norman the opportunity to withdraw would have
       a chilling effect on cases where attorneys are willing to play a support role
       that gives the client more time to find a lead attorney and thus the [c]ourt
       would create an undue hardship on the supporting attorney.

       Even though this is not a matter of compensation as in [Franke], in denying
       Mr. Norman’s [M]otion to [W]ithdraw, the lower court did not allow the

       4
         In Franke, we held that the court abused its discretion when it denied attorney’s
motion to withdraw as counsel for the following reasons: the attorney gave the client
advanced notice of his intent to withdraw; granting the motion would not cause undue
delay; any prejudice the client would suffer by the granting of the motion was self-inflicted
as counsel sought to withdraw because the client stopped paying his attorney’s fees; and
denial of the motion would require counsel, a solo practitioner, to work on the case pro
bono and would result in attorney not being able to work on cases for paying clients. See
generally Franke, 207 Md. App. 679.

                                            -5-
       parties to obtain the benefit of their bargain in entering into the retainer
       agreement and thus created an undue hardship upon Mr. Norman and his
       client.

       Mr. Norman’s argument is unpersuasive. The circuit court’s denial did not create

undue hardship, and was, in fact, a situation of Mr. Norman’s own doing. Rule 1.16 of the

Professional Conduct Rules, Sections (b)(5) and (c), provide, in pertinent part:

                                             * * *

       (b) Except as stated in paragraph (c), a lawyer may withdraw from
       representing a client if:

                                             * * *

       (5) the client fails substantially to fulfill an obligation to the lawyer regarding
       the lawyer’s services and has been given reasonable warning that the lawyer
       will withdraw unless the obligation is fulfilled[.]

                                             * * *

       (c) A lawyer must comply with applicable law requiring notice to or
       permission of a tribunal when terminating representation. When ordered to
       do so by a tribunal, a lawyer shall continue representation notwithstanding
       good cause for terminating the representation.

       In determining the circumstances under which a client “fails substantially to fulfill

an obligation” under Rule 1.16(b)(5), we look to this Court’s holding in Franke for

guidance. In Franke, we concluded:

       There is no dispute that Raymon, Franke’s client, has, in the words of
       paragraph (b)(5) of Rule 1.16, ‘fail[ed] substantially to fulfill an obligation’
       owed to Franke, regarding . . . the services provided by Franke as his lawyer.
       In fact, Raymon has never disputed the amount of legal fees that he owes
       Franke. It exceeds $120,000. Nor has he, as far as the record discloses, made
       any attempt to either pay any portion, no matter how small, of the fee
       arrearage or to obtain new counsel since his removal as trustee. . . .


                                              -6-
       Moreover, there is no disagreement that Franke gave Raymon ‘reasonable
       warning,’ as required by the same paragraph of Rule 1.16, that he would
       withdraw unless Raymon fulfilled his obligation to cure the fee arrearage.
       Two months before the scheduled trial, Franke advised Raymon of his
       intention to withdraw, as Raymon’s counsel, for non-payment of fees and
       suggested that Raymon should either obtain new counsel or notify the court
       that he wished to proceed [pro se]. Thirteen days later, eight days more than
       the five days mandated by the Maryland Rules of Procedure, Franke filed his
       motion to withdraw, as well as a certificate that he had so informed Raymon
       by letter of his intention to withdraw his representation . . . Thus, Franke fully
       complied with paragraph (b)(5) of Rule 1.16, having established that
       Raymon had “substantially” failed “to fulfill an obligation” to him and that
       he had given Raymon “reasonable warning” of his decision to withdraw as
       Raymon’s counsel.

Franke, 207 Md. App. at 691 (emphasis added) (internal citation omitted).

       The circumstances of Franke are inapposite to the case before us, since Mr. Norman

did not establish that Ms. Puppolo substantially failed to fulfill obligations owed to him, as

contemplated in Franke. To the extent there was a hardship, it was one that Mr. Norman

created.

       Cases where a court determined that a client substantially failed to fulfill an

obligation owed to counsel involved situations where the attorney would suffer immense

financial hardship or exposure to sanctions for ethical violations, or a significant conflict

of interest existed between attorney and client. See Franke, 207 Md. App. 679 (holding

that counsel would suffer undue hardship if motion to withdraw was not granted because

client failed to pay over $120,000 in legal fees, yet expected continued representation by

counsel); Fidelity, 310 F.3d 537 (reversing an order denying appellant’s motion to

withdraw because client failed to pay over $470,000 in legal fees and expenses). See also

Whiting, 187 F.3d 317 (holding that denying counsel’s motion to withdraw would result in


                                             -7-
undue hardship because continued representation while honoring client’s requests would

force counsel to violate ethical obligations). Notably, in those instances, there was either

actual harm or the potential for significant harm to the attorney seeking to withdraw that

was not of the attorney’s own doing.

       The holding in Franke is dispositive. Mr. Norman did not show that he incurred

fees that his client refused to pay, and if not permitted to withdraw, that he would be placed

in a position to continue representation without compensation. In fact, Mr. Norman did

not mention anything regarding fees in support of his motion.

       Additionally, Mr. Norman did not show that there was a conflict of interest between

him and his client, making continued representation impossible or otherwise harmful to

him. Rather, Mr. Norman demonstrated only that he was unprepared for trial and lacked

the expertise to try the case. This was not evidence of actual harm or the potential for

significant harm, i.e., undue hardship, because he was aware of those circumstances when

he entered his appearance and the contingency agreement was a result of his own doing.

       The absence of actual harm or the potential for significant harm distinguishes the

case at bar from Franke and its predecessors, Whiting and Fidelity, supra, in which the

collateral order doctrine applied. Thus, the order denying Mr. Norman’s motion did not

resolve an “important issue” as required under the collateral order doctrine.

       Moreover, the order does not meet the fourth requirement under the collateral order

doctrine because the circuit court’s order denying Mr. Norman’s motion was not effectively

unreviewable on appeal. We remain cognizant that the collateral order doctrine is limited

in scope and tightly construed. See Kurstin, 191 Md. App. at 144-46. A prominent feature
                                            -8-
of the collateral order doctrine cases is that there is a time-bound right that will be lost if

an appeal cannot be taken immediately. See Hudson v. Housing Authority of Baltimore

City, 402 Md. 18 (2007) (holding that “the collateral order doctrine permits a reviewing

appellate court to treat as final, without consideration of the procedural posture of a case,

a ‘narrow’ class of interlocutory orders in ‘extraordinary circumstances’”). That is not the

situation in the case at bar.

          Assuming, arguendo, that Mr. Norman continued representation of the Estate and

the circuit court issued a verdict in favor of appellees, an appellate court on review of that

final judgment could decide whether the circuit court abused its discretion by denying his

motion to withdraw. In that regard, if the reviewing court determined that the circuit court

should have granted Mr. Norman’s motion and reversed the judgment, Mr. Norman’s client

would still have the opportunity to have a new trial without Mr. Norman representing the

Estate.

          Thus, Mr. Norman would not continue to suffer any harm — assuming he

successfully demonstrated that he would suffer any harm or the potential for significant

harm at the outset — that would be impossible to remedy by the time of an appeal from a

final judgment. In absence of such harm, the order denying Mr. Norman’s motion does

not fit within the narrow class of interlocutory orders that are considered unreviewable

final judgments.

          Accordingly, we decline to address whether the circuit court abused its discretion in

denying Mr. Norman’s motion because the court’s denial of his motion was not an



                                              -9-
appealable order and thus, was unreviewable by this Court.5 Cf. Franke, 207 Md. App.

689-90 (employing an abuse of discretion standard only after concluding that an order

denying a motion to withdraw was an appealable collateral order because it satisfied all the

criteria of the collateral order doctrine).

                                                       APPEAL DISMISSED. COSTS TO
                                                       BE PAID BY MR. NORMAN.




       5
         We acknowledge that now, an attorney may file a notice of limited appearance
with the circuit court pursuant to an agreement with a client under Maryland Rule 2-131(b).
However, that rule was not in effect when Mr. Norman noted the instant appeal.
                                              - 10 -
