           IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Duncan R. Smith,               :
                               : No. 792 C.D. 2016
                    Petitioner : Submitted: September 30, 2016
                               :
                 v.            :
                               :
Unemployment Compensation      :
Board of Review,               :
                               :
                    Respondent :

BEFORE:       HONORABLE MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge
              HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
              HONORABLE JAMES GARDNER COLINS, Senior Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE WOJCIK                                           FILED: January 4, 2017


              Duncan R. Smith (Claimant) petitions pro se for review of the March
30, 2016 order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review (Board) that
affirmed the referee’s determination and held that Claimant was ineligible for
unemployment compensation benefits under Section 402(b) of the Unemployment
Compensation Law (Law).1 We affirm.
              Claimant was employed by Sears (Employer) beginning March 8,
2009. At the time of separation, Claimant was working as a sales associate of
consumer electronics for approximately 25 hours per week at rate of pay of $10.81

       1
         Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex. Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897, as amended, 43 P.S. §
802(b). Section 402(b) provides that an employee shall be ineligible for compensation for any
week in which his unemployment is due to voluntarily leaving work without cause of a
necessitous and compelling nature.
per hour. Findings of Fact (F.F.) No. 1. Employer decided to no longer utilize sales
associates exclusively for consumer electronics and offered Claimant a
commission-based position selling both consumer electronics and appliances.
Claimant, assuming that he would not make as much money on a commission
basis, voluntarily quit work effective July 18, 2015. Claimant never attempted to
work in the commission-based position. Notes of Testimony (N.T.), February 22,
2016, at 5-6.
                Claimant filed for unemployment benefits on July 19, 2015, citing
lack of work as the reason for the separation. Claimant received $175.00 weekly in
benefits for the weeks of August 1, 2015 through October 3, 2015, totaling
$1750.00. F.F. Nos. 6-8. The local service center determined that Claimant was not
unemployed due to lack of work and established a fault overpayment for which
Claimant was penalized 12 benefits weeks and a financial penalty of $262.50,
equalling 15% of the benefits already received, pursuant to Section 801 of the Law.
43 P.S. §871. Claimant appealed.
                A Notice of Hearing was sent to Claimant informing him that a
referee’s hearing would be held by phone on February 22, 2016 at 10:30 a.m. The
Notice specifically stated:

                Please be advised that the referee will be calling parties
                on a telephone line that will not display the originating
                telephone number. Some telephones have the capability
                of blocking incoming calls for which no originating
                number is displayed. If your telephone blocks such calls
                and if you expect to participate in the hearing by
                telephone, it is your responsibility to ensure that you
                are able to accept the call to participate in the
                hearing.



                                            2
Notice of Hearing at 2 (emphasis in original). When the referee attempted to
contact Claimant on the date of the hearing, she heard this recorded message:

               The party you are calling does not wish to talk to callers
               who block their numbers. If you wish to reach this party,
               please, hang up and place your call again without
               blocking your number.
N.T. at 1. Kimberly Gillette, Assistant Store Manager, testified on behalf of
Employer and was the sole witness in the hearing.

               As a result of his absence from the hearing, Claimant offered no
evidence for the record. The referee concluded that Claimant failed to meet his
burden of proving a necessitous and compelling reason to voluntarily quit his
employment. Accordingly, the referee issued an order affirming the local service
center’s determination that Claimant was ineligible for benefits under Section
402(b) and assessing penalties for fault overpayment.2

               Claimant appealed to the Board, arguing that he had proper cause for
missing the hearing, a necessitous and compelling reason for quitting, and
requesting remand. Section 504 of the Law states that “[t]he board shall have
power, on its own motion, or on appeal, to . . . direct the taking of additional
evidence.” 43 P.S. §824. Pursuant to Section 504, “the Board has the discretion to
decide whether to grant a request for remand.” Fisher v. Unemployment

       2
          Section 101.51 of the Board’s regulations states, in relevant part, that “[i]f a party
notified of the date, hour and place of a hearing fails to attend a hearing without proper cause, the
hearing may be held in his absence.” 34 Pa. Code §101.51. If a claimant fails to attend the
referee’s hearing without ‘‘proper cause,” the referee must issue a decision on the merits with
findings of fact based upon the evidence of record, including any testimony that the employer
offered in support of its burden of proof. Ortiz v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review,
481 A.2d 1383, 1386 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1984).


                                                 3
Compensation Board of Review, 696 A.2d 895, 897 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1997).3 The
Board accepted, without change, the findings of the referee. The Board also found
that Claimant did not have proper cause for his non-appearance at the hearing and
denied Claimant’s request for remand. Accordingly, the Board affirmed the order
of the referee.

               On appeal to this Court,4 Claimant argues that the Board erred in
concluding that he did not have a necessitous and compelling reason to quit his

       3
           See also Section 101.23 of the Board’s regulations, 34 Pa. Code §101.23(a),
(“Continuance of a hearing will be granted only for proper cause and upon the terms as the
tribunal may consider proper.”); Section 101.24(a) of the Board’s regulations, 34 Pa. Code
§101.24(a) (“If a party who did not attend a scheduled hearing subsequently gives written notice
. . . and it is determined by the tribunal that his failure to attend the hearing was for reasons
which constitute ‘proper cause,’ the case shall be reopened. Requests for reopening . . . shall be
in writing; shall give the reasons believed to constitute ‘proper cause’ for not appearing; and they
shall be delivered or mailed . . . to the [Board] . . . .”); Section 101.24(c) of the Board’s
regulations, 34 Pa. Code §101.24(c) (“If the request to have the hearing reopened is denied, the
Board will append to the record the request, supporting material and the ruling on the request, so
that it shall be subject to review in connection with any further appeal to the Commonwealth
Court.”).

       4
          Our scope of review is limited to determining whether constitutional rights were
violated, whether an error of law was committed, and whether necessary findings of fact are
supported by substantial evidence. Kirkwood v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review,
525 A.2d 841, 843-44 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1987). The Board is the factfinder in unemployment
compensation cases, empowered to determine credibility of witnesses and resolve conflicts in
evidence. Curran v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 752 A.2d 938, 940 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2000). The Board’s findings are binding on appeal if they are supported by substantial
evidence. Mathis v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 64 A.3d 292, 299 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2013). “Substantial evidence is such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind would
accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Guthrie v. Unemployment Compensation Board of
Review, 738 A.2d 518, 521 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1999). We view the record in the light most favorable
to the party prevailing before the Board and afford that party the benefit of all reasonable
inferences that can be drawn from the evidence to determine if substantial evidence exists. Big
Mountain Imaging v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 48 A.3d 492, 494–95 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2012).


                                                 4
employment. Claimant asserts that his position was eliminated and research
regarding commission-based work through Employer’s computer system proved
that he would be paid less if he accepted the proffered position.

             Under Section 402(b) of the Law, a claimant is ineligible for
unemployment benefits if he voluntarily terminates employment without cause of a
necessitous and compelling nature. The claimant has the burden of proving a
necessitous and compelling cause. Dopson v. Unemployment Compensation Board
of Review, 983 A.2d 1282, 1284 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2009). Necessitous and compelling
cause “results from circumstances which produce pressure to terminate
employment that is both real and substantial, and which would compel a
reasonable person under the circumstances to act in the same manner.”
Philadelphia Parking Authority v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review,
654 A.2d 280, 282 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1995) (quoting Taylor v. Unemployment
Compensation Board of Review, 378 A.2d 829, 832-33 (Pa. 1977)). Whether a
person has a necessitous and compelling reason to voluntarily quit employment is a
matter of law and subject to this Court’s review. Middletown Township v.
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 40 A.3d 217, 227 (Pa. Cmwlth.
2012).
             After careful review of the record, we conclude the Board’s findings
are supported by substantial evidence. These findings support the Board’s
conclusion that Claimant failed to demonstrate a necessitous and compelling
reason for voluntarily quitting his employment. Specifically, the Board determined




                                          5
that Claimant lacked proper cause for his non-appearance at the hearing5 and, by
failing to appear, Claimant offered no competent evidence to the record to support
his assertion that he had a necessitous and compelling reason for quitting. In the
absence of any record evidence, Claimant cannot rely on his own version of the
facts in his appellate brief to meet his burden of proof. See, e.g., Anker
v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, (Pa. Cmwlth. No. 434 C.D.
2010, filed December 10, 2010), slip op. at 5 (“Unfortunately for Claimant, her
failure to appear at the Referee's hearing meant that she failed to provide any
competent      evidence     to    meet     her burden of proof on       the    ultimate     legal
issue. Accordingly, the Board did not err in deciding the case based upon the
available records and denying benefits under Section 402(b) of the Law, 43 P.S. §
802(b).”) (footnote omitted).6
               Finally, Claimant also asserts, for the first time, that the Board erred
in affirming the finding of a fault overpayment and the assessment of penalties.
However, because Claimant did not raise this issue before the Board, it is waived
and it will not be considered on appeal.7 Pa. R.A.P. 1551(a); Lewis v.
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 42 A.3d 375, 379 n.8 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2012) (holding that a claimant waived issues regarding his employer's



       5
          Claimant failed to raise the issue of his lack of proper cause for his non-appearance at
the hearing in his Statement of Questions Involved. This Court may not consider questions not
stated in the Statement of Questions Involved. Pa. R.A.P. 2116(a).

       6
         Anker, as an unreported panel decision of this Court, has persuasive value, but it does
not constitute binding precedent. Internal Operating Procedure 414(a), 210 Pa. Code § 69.414(a).

       7
          Claimant also failed to outline this issue in his Statement of Questions Involved,
therefore waiving the issue before this Court. Pa. R.A.P. 2116(a).


                                                6
disciplinary procedures where he failed to raise the issues in his appeal to the
Board).
            Accordingly, we affirm the Board’s order.




                                    MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge




                                       7
        IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Duncan R. Smith,               :
                               : No. 792 C.D. 2016
                    Petitioner :
                               :
                 v.            :
                               :
Unemployment Compensation      :
Board of Review,               :
                               :
                    Respondent :



                              ORDER


           AND NOW, this 4th day of January, 2017, the order of the
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, dated March 30, 2016, is
AFFIRMED.




                                __________________________________
                                MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
