       IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

THE STATE OF WASHINGTON,                   )        No. 79708-5-I

            Respondent,                    )        DIVISION ONE

            v.                             )        UNPUBLISHED OPINION

MICHAEL PAUL HAXTON,                       )
            Appellant.                     )
                                           )        FILED: April 15, 2019

      HAzELRIGG-HERNANDEz, J.   —   Michael P. Haxton pled guilty to one count of

attempted rape of a child in the second degree. He seeks reversal, arguing that

he should have been allowed to withdraw his guilty plea under CrR 4.2(f) because

he was affirmatively misinformed of the maximum sentence that he faced at trial

by his assigned counsel. In a Statement of Additional Grounds for Review, he

argues that counsel was ineffective at the hearing on the motion to withdraw

because he failed to introduce certain evidence. Because Haxton has not carried

his burden to show manifest injustice resulted from the plea and cannot show

prejudice from counsel’s performance, we affirm.

                                    FACTS

      On September 7, 2016, Michael P. Haxton began communicating with a

woman who he believed was the mother of three young children ages 6, 11, and

12. He indicated that he was interested in participating in sexual acts with the
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children and described specific acts that he planned to carry out. He said that he

wanted to meet the children and that he would bring gifts including candy, nail

polish, a stuffed animal, and a ball. Haxton came to the address that the woman

had told him was her residence and was placed under arrest. He had candy, nail

polish, a stuffed animal, and a ball in his car. Haxton was charged with two counts

of attempted rape of a child in the first degree and one count of attempted rape of

a child in the second degree.

       At the change of plea hearing on June 5, 2017, the court asked Haxton if

he had gone over the Statement of Defendant on Plea of Guilty, prosecutor’s

statement of criminal history, and offender score sheet with his attorney, Robert

Quillian. Haxton responded that he had. The court informed Haxton that the

standard sentencing range would be 58.5 months to 76.5 months to life

imprisonment and he indicated he understood.                     He also indicated the he

understood that the other two charges would be dismissed if the plea was

accepted. The court clarified that the State was recommending a sentence of 60

months to life imprisonment on the remaining count and Haxton indicated that he

understood.

       Haxton then entered an Alford1 plea of guilty to Count 3, attempted rape of

a child in the second degree. The court asked if he was making the plea freely

and voluntarily and Haxton responded that he was. The court noted that he had

the assistance of counsel and had made a free and voluntary plea of guilty to Count

3, then found Haxton guilty as charged. The State then moved to dismiss the other



 North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 91 S. Ct. 160, 27 L. Ed. 2d 162 (1970).
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No. 79708-5-1/3

two counts and the court granted the motion. The Statement of Defendant on Plea

of Guilty to Sex Offense, which included the standard sentence range of 58.5 to

76.5 months to life for count three and the prosecutor’s sentence recommendation

of 60 months to life, was signed by Haxton and filed the same day.                The

Prosecutor’s Statement of Criminal History and attached offender score sheet, also

signed by Haxton and filed the same day, showed an offender score of 0 and

circled the corresponding handwritten sentence range of “58.5—76.5.”

       On July 17, 2017, Haxton filed a pro se motion to withdraw his plea with no

attached briefing. Quillian withdrew as Haxton’s counsel on July 31, 2017. His

second attorney, A. Christian Cabrera, filed a motion to withdraw the guilty plea

and supporting memorandum on October 17, 2017.             This motion argued that

Haxton should be allowed to withdraw his plea of guilty because it was necessary

to correct a manifest injustice. Specifically, Haxton claimed that he had been

denied effective assistance of counsel because his first attorney, Quillian, failed to

give him adequate legal advice, failed to inform him of the sentence he faced at

trial, failed to properly investigate his case, and coerced him into pleading guilty.

Therefore, Haxton argued that he did not enter the guilty plea knowingly,

voluntarily, and intelligently and he should be permitted to withdraw the plea.

       Haxton filed another pro se motion to withdraw the plea on October 25,

2017, on the grounds that he had received ineffective assistance of counsel and

the plea was not voluntary because Quillian had subjected him to extreme levels

of duress. In an attached handwritten affidavit, Haxton stated that Quillian had

miscalculated his offender score and told him that he would be sentenced to 20 to


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No. 79708-5-1/4

22 years in prison if he was convicted on all counts. Haxton also alleged that

Quillian refused to investigate the “mechanism that was created within the Net

Nanny operation that allows officers to systematically frame certain individuals.”

Haxton alleged that Quillian failed to investigate his reports of “tampering with

multiple pieces of evidence in an obvious manner, obvious instances of perjury,

and the introduction of fraudulent document [sic] in court.” Haxton claimed that

Quillian ‘constantly laughed at [him] for [his] fantasies in practically every meeting

[they] ever had,” subjected him to a competency evaluation “to intimidate [him] and

to damage [his] credibility,” and lied to him repeatedly. In a subsequent letter to

the court, Haxton alleged that the motion filed by Cabrera was insufficient and did

not accurately reflect his arguments as to why the court should permit the plea to

be withdrawn.     Cabrera was permitted to withdraw as Haxton’s counsel after

advising the court of a breakdown in communication.

       On December 18, 2017, the court held a hearing on the motion at which

Haxton was represented by his third attorney, Kevin Griffin. Griffin asked the court

to find that a manifest injustice occurred or resulted when Haxton entered a plea

of guilty because he had not received effective assistance of counsel and the plea

was not made voluntarily. Haxton testified that the prospect of facing over 20 years

in prison if he was convicted of all three counts at trial was “a big factor” in his

decision to plead guilty. He testified that he would have felt differently about the

plea offer if he had known he was actually facing 10 to 13.5 years if convicted at

trial “because of the fact that it’s an indeterminate sentence and that if [he] did not

pass the indeterminate sentencing review once with the State’s deal, it would be


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No. 79708-5-1/5

ten years, which is   .   .    .   in the range of the sentence if [he] had gone to trial.” He

also testified that he did not feel that his plea was voluntary because he felt that

he had no other option but to plead guilty. Haxton testified that he had never seen

the written plea offer before but he “knew what the plea deal was.”

       Haxton said that he asked Quillian to hire an investigator to examine a

discrepancy between the advertisement in the discovery packet and the one to

which he had responded. He felt that this was crucial to his defense strategy.

However, Haxton said that Quillian refused to hire an investigator, claiming that

there was not time to conduct the investigation before the deadline to accept the

plea offer. He testified that Quillian told him that the State could withdraw the plea

offer if Haxton asked for substitute counsel.

       The trial court denied Haxton’s motion to withdraw his guilty plea. The court

noted that   “[ut would       have been nice to have Mr. Quillian’s testimony here today,

but the Court was left with only Mr. Haxton.” In its verbal ruling, the court noted:

       The Court is skeptical that Mr. Quillian would have missed the range
       having been provided with the plea offer by the State. I am not
       prepared to make a finding that he did not. I am not prepared to make
       a finding whether he did or he didn’t make that representation. I think
       there are reasons to question both the recollection and the
       motivations of Mr. Haxton in his testimony today but not sufficient to
       disregard everything Mr. Haxton said. Mr. Haxton has testified about
       other aspects in a way that does not indicate this is a fabrication, but
       even without making a finding as to whether Mr. Quillian did or didn’t
       make that representation, the Court concludes that there has been
       an insufficient showing that Mr. Haxton would not have pled guilty if
       he had been told 13 years instead of 20. Again, that is based both
       on the Court’s evaluation of Exhibit 2, the testimony from Mr. Haxton,
       as well as the delta between 13 years and 60 months, all in the
       context of course of whether or not the bar of manifest injustice has
       been reached.



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No. 79708-5-1/6

       The court entered written findings of fact and conclusions of law, including

the following:

       16. The defendant has alleged that Mr. Quillian may have provided
       him with an incorrect possible sentence range if convicted as
       originally charged. The court makes no finding that Mr. Quillian did,
       or did not, provide incorrect information. The court is skeptical that
       Mr. Quillian would have misrepresented the range given the plea
       offer documentation he possessed at the time.
       17. Based on the court’s observations of the content and demeanor
       of the defendant while testifying, there are reasons to question his
       recollection and motivations.

       19. The gap between the sentence range that the defendant stated
       Mr. Quillian provided him and the actual sentence range is not large
       enough to demonstrate that the defendant would not have entered
       the guilty plea.
       20. There has been an insufficient showing that the defendant would
       not have entered the guilty plea with the accurate information,
       assuming, without deciding, that the information was incorrect.

Haxton was sentenced to an indeterminate sentence of 60 months to life

imprisonment. He timely appealed.

                                    DISCUSSION

       Haxton contends that the court erred in denying his motion to withdraw his

guilty plea because he received ineffective assistance of counsel from Quillian and

his plea was not voluntary. In a Statement of Additional Grounds for Review, he

also contends that he was denied effective assistance of counsel when Griffin

failed to introduce certain evidence at the hearing on the motion. Because he

cannot show a manifest injustice resulted from his plea of guilty or prejudice from

Griffin’s performance, we affirm.




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No. 79708-5-1/7

       Motion to Withdraw Plea of Guilty

       “Due process requires that a defendant’s guilty plea be knowing, voluntary,

and intelligent.” State v. Mendoza, 157 Wn.2d 582, 587, 141 P.3d 49 (2006). A

defendant who enters a guilty plea waives a number of important constitutional

rights in doing so, such as the right to a jury trial, the right to confront accusers,

and the privilege against self-incrimination. State v. Branch, 129 Wn.2d 635, 642,

919 P.2d 1228 (1996) (citing Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 243, 89 S. Ct.

1709, 23 L.Ed.2d 274 (1969)). A trial court shall not accept a plea of guilty that is

not made voluntarily, competently, and with an understanding of the nature of the

charge and the consequences of the plea. CrR 4.2(d).

       Motions to withdraw a guilty plea are usually reviewed for abuse of

discretion. State v. A.N.J., 168 Wn.2d 91, 106, 225 P.3d 956 (2010). However,

when the motion is based on ineffective assistance of counsel stemming from

claimed constitutional error, we review the denial de novo. ki. at 109; State v.

Buckman, 190 Wn.2d 51, 57, 409 P.3d 193 (2018).

       Trial courts must allow a defendant to withdraw a guilty plea “whenever it

appears that the withdrawal is necessary to correct a manifest injustice.” CrR

4.2(f). “A manifest injustice’ is ‘an injustice that is obvious, directly observable,

overt, and not obscure.” State v. Saas, 118 Wn.2d 37, 42, 820 P.2d 505 (1991)

(quoting State v. Taylor, 83 Wn.2d 594, 596, 521 P.2d 699 (1974)).                The

Washington Supreme Court has found that a manifest injustice results where a

defendant was denied effective counsel, the plea was not ratified by the defendant,

the plea was involuntary, or the plea agreement was not kept by the prosecution.


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No. 79708-5-118

State v. Wakefield, 130 Wn.2d 464, 472, 925 P.2d 183 (1996) (citing Saas, 118

Wn.2d at 42). A defendant who seeks to withdraw a plea of guilty plea bears the

burden to meet the “demanding standard” imposed by CrR 4.2(f).            Saas, 118

Wn.2d at 42 (citing Taylor, 83 Wn.2d at 596).

       A. Voluntariness

       Haxton contends that his plea of guilty was invalid because it was based on

affirmative misinformation that he received from Quillian about the consequences

he faced at trial.   A plea is knowing and voluntary only when the defendant

understands the consequences of pleading guilty, including possible sentencing

consequences. Buckman, 190 Wn.2d at 59. A defendant’s signature on a plea

statement is strong prima facie evidence of a plea’s voluntariness. Branch, 129

Wn.2d at 642, 642 n.2. “When [a] judge goes on to inquire orally of the defendant

and satisfies himself on the record of the existence of the various criteria of

voluntariness, the presumption of voluntariness is well nigh irrefutable.” ki. at 642

n.2 (quoting State v. Perez, 33 Wn. App. 258, 262, 654 P.2d 708 (1982)).

Something more than a defendant’s “bare allegation” is required to overcome this

highly persuasive evidence of voluntariness. State v. Osborne, 102 Wn.2d 87, 97,

684 P.2d 683 (1984).

       A plea of guilty is involuntary when the defendant has received affirmative

misinformation about the sentencing consequences of the plea. See Buckman,

190 Wn.2d at 59. In State v. Buckman, the Supreme Court concluded that the

defendant’s guilty plea was involuntary because he was misinformed by defense

counsel, the prosecutor, and the judge that he was facing life imprisonment if he


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No. 79708-5-1/9

lost at trial when the actual maximum sentence he faced was 114 months

imprisonment. ~ at 58. The State listed the erroneous maximum sentence on the

plea statement and the court informed the defendant of the incorrect maximum

during the plea colloquy. j4~ at 57. The Supreme Court found that Buckman was

“plainly misinformed” about the maximum sentence he faced at trial. j4. at 59.

       Here, Haxton has not proven that he was affirmatively misinformed about

the consequences of his guilty plea. Although he testified at the hearing on the

motion that Quillian told him he faced a maximum sentence of over 20 years if he

went to trial on all three counts, the plea statement that he signed listed the correct

sentencing range of 10 to 13.5 years and he specifically indicated to the court

during the plea colloquy that he understood the sentencing range to be 10 to 13.5

years. The trial court did not find that Quillian had misinformed Haxton and noted

that it had reason to question the credibility of Haxton’s testimony. Haxton has not

presented any more evidence than a “bare allegation” that he was misinformed,

which is not sufficient to carry his burden under CrR 4.2(f).

       B. Ineffective Assistance of Quillian

       Haxton also argues that the affirmative misrepresentations about the

consequences of his guilty plea constituted ineffective assistance of counsel such

that a manifest injustice resulted. The test for ineffective assistance of counsel

during the plea process is the same as that detailed in Strickland v. Washington,

466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). In re Cross, 180 Wn.2d

664, 705, 327 P.3d 660 (2014), abrogated on other grounds by State v. Gregory,

192 Wn.2d 1, 427 P.3d 621 (2018).          A defendant must show both deficient


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No. 79708-5-1/10

performance by counsel and resulting prejudice in order to prevail on a claim of

ineffective assistance of counsel. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687. When alleging

ineffective assistance of counsel ‘[i]n the context of a guilty plea, the defendant

thust show that counsel failed to substantially assist him in deciding whether to

plead guilty and that but for counsel’s failure to properly advise him, he would not

have pleaded guilty.” Cross, 180 Wn.2d at 705—06 (citing State v. McCollum, 88

Wn. App 977, 982, 947 R2~’ 1235 (1997)).           “Effective assistance of counsel

includes assisting the defendant in making an informed decision as to whether to

plead guilty orto proceed to trial.” A.N.J., 168 Wn.2d at 111. Representation by

counsel is presumed effective. State v. McFarland, 127 Wn.2d 322, 336, 899 P.2d

1251 (1995).

       Here, Haxton alleges that he was denied effective assistance of counsel

because Quillian affirmatively misinformed him of the sentencing range he faced if

convicted at trial.   However, as noted above, he has not presented sufficient

evidence that he was actually misinformed about the sentencing consequences.

Accordingly, he has not shown deficient performance by Quillian and his claim of

ineffective assistance of counsel fails. Because Haxton was not able to show that

withdrawal of his guilty plea was necessary to correct a manifest injustice, the trial

court did not err in denying his motion.

II.    Ineffective Assistance of Griffin

       In a Statement of Additional Grounds, Haxton contends that his third

defense attorney, Griffin, provided ineffective assistance by failing to introduce

certain items at the evidentiary hearing on the motion to withdraw the plea.


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No. 79708-5-Ill I

Specifically, Haxton contends that Griffin should have entered the report of his first

competency evaluation and the transcript of a jail call between Haxton and his

mother as exhibits in support of his motion.

       As noted above, an appellant must show that counsel’s performance was

deficient and that he was prejudiced by this deficient performance. Strickland, 466

U.S. at 687. Again, there is a strong presumption that counsel’s performance was

not deficient. McFarland, 127 Wn.2d at 336.           An appellant can rebut this

presumption if there was no conceivable trial tactic explaining counsel’s

performance. State v. Reichenbach, 153 Wn.2d 126, 130, 101 P.3d 80 (2004).

       A. Competency Evaluation

       Haxton first contends that Griffin should have introduced the report of his

first competency evaluation to support his motion to withdraw the plea. In this

report, the evaluator states that Haxton believed the possible penalty if he was

convicted at trial of all three charges could be around 20 years. The report was

created and filed with the court on February 15, 2017. Haxton entered the guilty

plea on June 5, 2017. The written motion to withdraw the plea submitted by

Cabrera stated the defendant relied on the court file in support of the motion.

       Because the report was in the file and the motion stated that it relied on the

file for support, the court was free to consider the contents of the competency

evaluation.   Griffin’s failure to specifically draw the court’s attention to this

document does not appear to rise to the level of deficient performance.

Furthermore, Haxton cannot show that he was prejudiced by this decision.            It

seems unlikely that the court would have been swayed by evidence that Haxton


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No. 79708-5-1/12

had stated the erroneous sentencing range to the evaluator four months before he

entered the guilty plea.     This evidence does not provide proof that he was

affirmatively misinformed of the accurate sentencing range. Therefore, Haxton’s

claim of ineffective assistance of counsel on this basis fails.

       B. Call Transcript

       Haxton also contends that Griffin was ineffective in failing to introduce the

transcript of a recorded jail call between Haxton and his mother. The transcript of

this call is not part of the record on review. Haxton states in his Statement of

Additional Grounds for Review that he told his mother during this call that if he lost

at trial he would be sentenced to 20 to 22 years. He says this call occurred before

he entered the plea of guilty but does not give a specific date.

       Similarly, Haxton cannot show that he was prejudiced by counsel’s failure

to offer this evidence as an exhibit in support of the motion to withdraw the plea.

This transcript would not have proven that Quillian affirmatively misinformed

Haxton of the correct sentencing range. The court would still have been left with

Haxton’s bare allegations that he had been misinformed. Accordingly, Haxton’s

second ineffective assistance claim also fails.

       We affirm.




WE CONCUR:




                        I                         _____


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