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                                                    RENDERED: AUGUST 20, 2015


                 ,Supra tur Cloud of :411vUit\v‘bi
                                                         NOT TO BE PU LISHED



                                 2014-SC-000408-MR

                                                                       ct-to-ts
ROGER DALE RAFFERTY                                                        APPELLANT •


                    ON APPEAL FROM DAVIESS CIRCUIT COURT
V.                 HONORABLE JOSEPH W. CASTLEN, III, JUDGE
                               NO. 13-CR-00334


COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY                                                    APPELLEE


                     MEMORANDUM OPINION OF THE COURT

                                      AFFIRMING

      On March 18, 2013, Appellant, Roger Dale Rafferty, and his wife, Jane

Rafferty, babysat their granddaughters, Francine and Madison.' At some point

during the day, Appellant and Francine, who was three-years-old at the time,

were left alone. During that time, Appellant placed his mouth on Francine's

vagina and then proceeded to masturbate in front of her. Approximately two

weeks passed before Francine mustered up the courage to tell her parents of

Appellant's actions. The very next day, after Francine's father confronted him,

Appellant admitted to orally sodomizing Francine and masturbating in her

presence. Francine's father immediately notified law enforcement. Shortly

thereafter, Detective Brandon Sims of the Owensboro Police Department

interviewed Appellant and procured his recorded confession.




      1   Pseudonyms are being used to protect the girls' anonymity.
      On May 8, 2013, a Daviess County Grand Jury indicted Appellant on one

count of first-degree sodomy and first-degree sexual abuse. Despite Appellant's

admissions, his attorney entered a not guilty plea on his behalf. The case

proceeded to trial on Mach 25, 2014. Over Appellant's objection, Francine,

who was five-years-old at the time of trial, testified via closed circuit television.

She explained that Appellant touched her "bad part" with his tongue, and then

"peed" into toilet paper. The jury ultimately found Appellant guilty of each

charge. The jury recommended a life sentence for the first-degree sodomy

charge and ten years imprisonment for the first-degree sexual abuse charge,

both to run concurrently. On July 11, 2014, the trial court sentenced

Appellant in conformity with the jury's recommendation. Appellant now

appeals his conviction and sentence as a matter of right pursuant § 110(2)(b) of

the Kentucky Constitution.

      Appellant's sole argument on appeal is that the trial court abridged his

federal and state constitutional rights to confrontation and to a fair trial as

guaranteed by the Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United

States Constitution and Section Eleven of the Kentucky Constitution. Prior to

trial, the Commonwealth notified Appellant and the trial court that it intended

on calling Francine to testify during its case-in-chief. However, the

Commonwealth requested that Francine be allowed to testify by way of a closed

circuit television pursuant to Kentucky Revised Statute ("KRS") 421.350.

Appellant objected to the motion and claimed that testimony given outside of

the courtroom, without him present, would impede his ability to confront


                                          2
Francine. Prior to trial, the court conducted a hearing on the matter to

determine if there was a compelling reason to allow Francine to testify via

closed circuit television.

      In support of its motion, the Commonwealth called Tara Gann, a licensed

clinical social worker, who had counseled Francine. Gann testified that in past

counseling sessions, Francine expressed her fear of Appellant. Francine

relayed to Gann that if she was to ever see Appellant she would run away.

Accordingly, Gann informed the trial court that if forced to testify in front of

Appellant, Francine would not only suffer emotional distress, but she would

likely be unable to reasonably communicate to the jury. In addition, Francine's

mother, Haley, testified that her daughter was extremely wary of seeing

Appellant and expressed concern that he would touch her again. Like Gann,

Haley believed Francine would be unable to testify in Appellant's presence,

and, if forced to do so, would suffer emotional distress.

      At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court agreed with the

Commonwealth that Francine should not testify in open court. The trial court

explained that Francine's fear of Appellant would prevent her from adequately

informing the jury of her experience. Per the Commonwealth's request,

Francine was allowed to testify in the judge's chambers while Appellant waited

in the courtroom. To ensure that Appellant maintained continuous audio

contact with his attorney during Francine's testimony, both Appellant and his

counsel were provided with walkie-talkies. As the trial judge explained, if




                                          3
Appellant had a question, he could make the walkie-talkies "beep," after which

his counsel could leave the judge's chambers to field his questions.

      KRS 421.350(1)-(2) permits a victim of sexual abuse to testify outside of

the courtroom, by way of a closed circuit television, if the victim was twelve

years of age or younger when the abuse occurred and there is a compelling

need for the victim to testify outside of the defendant's presence. "A trial

court's finding of compelling need pursuant to KRS 421.350 is reviewed for

abuse of discretion." Kurtz v. Commonwealth, 172 S.W.3d 409, 411 (Ky. 2005)

(citing Danner v. Commonwealth, 963 S.W.2d 632, 634 (Ky. 1998)). A

compelling need is defined as "the substantial probability that the child would

be unable to reasonably communicate because of serious emotional distress

produced by the defendant's presence." KRS 421.350(5). Some non-exclusive

factors a court may consider in determining the existence of a compelling need

include "the age and demeanor of the child witness, the nature of the offense

and the likely impact of testimony in court or facing the defendant."

Commonwealth v. Willis, 716 S.W.2d 224, 230 (Ky. 1986).

      In analyzing the above-referenced factors, we place great weight on the

fact that Francine was only three-years-old at the time of the offense and only

five-years-old at the time of trial. Based on Francine's young age and the

sensitive nature of her testimony, testifying in open court would most certainly

cause her mental distress. The victim's anguish is amplified in light of her

reasonable expectation of never seeing her assailant face-to-face again.

Danner, 963 S.W.2d at 635 (holding that it was not an abuse of discretion to


                                         4
allow the victim to testify via closed circuit television because face-to-face

arrangement would inhibit her testimony and cloud the jury's search for truth).

Indeed, even after explaining that the trial judge, attorneys, and bailiff would

be present, Francine expressed concern to her mother that Appellant would

touch her if the two were in the courtroom together.

       The aforementioned testimony that Francine was frightened by even the

thought of seeing Appellant is sufficient to prove that Francine's trepidation

goes beyond a de minis nervousness or "reluctance to testify."     See Kurtz, 172

S.W.3d at 411 (sole testimony of children's mental health counselor was

sufficient to support the trial court's finding of a compelling need); Hardy v.

Commonwealth, 719 S.W.2d 727, 728-29 (Ky. 1986) (videotaped deposition was

properly used at trial after psychologist and treating physician opined that it

would be emotionally and psychologically detrimental to require a six-year-old

victim to testify in person at trial). Furthermore, we believe the distress

Francine may have endured if forced to testify in open court makes it extremely

likely that her testimony would have been hindered. As a result, "and in the

interest of presenting all evidence to the jury," we conclude that the trial court

did not abuse its discretion in finding a compelling need. See Danner, 963

S.W.2d at 635.

      For the aforementioned reasons, the Daviess Circuit Court's judgment is

hereby affirmed.

      All sitting. Minton, C.J.; Abramson, Barber, Cunningham, Keller, and

Venters, JJ., concur. Noble, J., concurs in result only.


                                          5
COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT:

Erin Hoffman Yang
Assistant Public Advocate


COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE:

Jack Conway
Attorney General of Kentucky

Nathan Todd Kolb
Assistant Attorney General of Kentucky
