                                                                      FILED
                                                           United States Court of Appeals
                                                                   Tenth Circuit

                                                                  May 29, 2012
                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                   Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                   Clerk of Court
                             FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT


    DEL BARTEL; DALE THURGOOD,

                Plaintiffs-Appellants,

    and

    TRI-STATE CONTRACTORS, INC.,

                Plaintiff,

    v.                                                  No. 11-8057
                                              (D.C. No. 1:07-CV-00112-CAB)
    KEMMERER CITY, a body politic,                       (D. Wyo.)
    DAVID FAGNANT, individually and
    as Mayor, MIKE ARCHIBALD,
    individually and as City
    Administrator; TONY TOMASSI,
    individually and as City Councilman,

                Defendants-Appellees.


                             ORDER AND JUDGMENT *


Before KELLY, MURPHY, and MATHESON, Circuit Judges.




*
       After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is
not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata,
and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value
consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
      Del Bartel and Dale Thurgood appeal from the district court’s order

granting summary judgment to defendants--Kemmerer, Wyoming and its mayor,

city administrator, and city councilman--on a claim for punitive damages.

Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm.

                                 BACKGROUND

      This is the second appeal in this case. Because the parties are familiar with

the facts and prior proceedings, we set forth only the following brief summary

taken from our prior decision:

              In April 2006, . . . Tri-State Contractors submitted a bid, and
      an accompanying bid bond, to construct a new city building in
      Kemmerer, Wyoming. Although the city did not accept Tri-State’s
      bid, it did not return Tri-State’s bond. Instead, over the next several
      months, the city and Tri-State negotiated ways to control costs for
      the construction project, and the two parties ultimately entered into a
      contract in July 2006. After signing the contract, Tri-State alleged
      that numerous undisclosed deficiencies at the building site made
      construction at the agreed upon rate impossible. Tri-State thus
      withdrew from the contract and demanded the return of its bid bond,
      which the city claimed a right to keep as liquidated damages for
      Tri-State’s withdrawal.

             Tri-State, along with . . . Del Bartel and Dale Thurgood[, the
      sole shareholders and officers of Tri-State,] (collectively “Tri-State”)
      brought suit against Kemmerer and several city officials [for
      deprivation of property rights without due process of law, in
      violation of 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 1988. They sought judgment in
      the amount of the bid bond and an award of punitive damages.] The
      district court granted Tri-State’s motion for summary judgment
      against the city for return of the bond and denied the individual
      Defendants’ motion for summary judgment on the ground of
      qualified immunity.




                                        -2-
Tri-State Contractors, Inc. v. Fagnant, 393 F. App’x 580, 581 (10th Cir. 2010).

The individual defendants appealed, and we affirmed. Id. at 581, 587.

      Thereafter, district court proceedings on the remaining claim for punitive

damages resumed. As those proceedings were beginning, Mr. Bartel and

Mr. Thurgood terminated counsel and entered a pro se notice of appearance for

themselves. But they noted that counsel would continue to represent Tri-State.

Counsel, however, moved to withdraw as counsel for all plaintiffs without

substitution, and the district court granted the motion. At no time did substitute

counsel enter an appearance on behalf of Tri-State.

      Defendants filed a second motion for summary judgment. Mr. Bartel and

Mr. Thurgood, acting as individuals, responded to the motion. The district court

granted summary judgment, determining punitive damages were not available

against Kemmerer and the individual defendants did not act with malice, evil

intent, or reckless indifference to the three plaintiffs’ rights to due process

concerning the return of the bid bond. Accordingly, the court granted judgment

in favor of defendants on the punitive damages claim. Mr. Bartel and

Mr. Thurgood filed a pro se notice of appeal. 1




1
      They also filed a Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b) motion to set aside the judgment.
The district court denied the motion, but they did not file an additional notice of
appeal. This appeal, therefore, concerns only the appeal from the summary
judgment order.

                                          -3-
                                   ANALYSIS

      As a threshold and dispositive matter, we consider defendants’ argument

that Mr. Bartel and Mr. Thurgood, proceeding pro se, 2 lacked standing to assert a

punitive damages claim. Although defendants did not make standing arguments

in the district court, they may do so for the first time on appeal. See New Eng.

Health Care Emp. Pension Fund v. Woodruff, 512 F.3d 1283, 1288 (10th Cir.

2008). We review the legal question of standing de novo. Id. Mr. Bartel and

Mr. Thurgood bear the burden of proving standing. See id.

      Standing raises jurisdictional questions requiring us to consider whether

there is an actual case or controversy. See Rector v. City & County of Denver,

348 F.3d 935, 942 (10th Cir. 2003). For standing, Mr. Bartel and Mr. Thurgood

individually must have “a personal stake in the outcome of the controversy.”

Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186, 204 (1962); see Warth v. Seldin, 422 U.S. 490, 498

(1975). Generally, any conduct harming “a corporation confers standing on the

corporation, not its shareholders.” Bixler v. Foster, 596 F.3d 751, 756 (10th Cir.

2010); see also Diva’s Inc. v. City of Bangor, 411 F.3d 30, 42 (1st Cir. 2005)

(citing cases and holding standing requirement applies to actions brought to

redress injuries to corporation under § 1983). This shareholder standing rule

prohibits shareholders from suing to enforce corporate rights unless the


2
      We liberally construe pro se filings. See Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519,
520 (1972) (per curiam).

                                        -4-
corporation’s management declines to sue for a reason other than good business

judgment. Bixler, 596 F.3d at 756-57. “There is, however, an exception to this

rule where the actions of the third party that injure the corporation also cause

injury to the shareholder which is unique to himself . . . as a shareholder of the

corporation and not suffered by the other shareholders.” Guides, Ltd. v. Yarmouth

Grp. Prop. Mgmt., Inc., 295 F.3d 1065, 1072 (10th Cir. 2002).

      This is not a case where the exception applies. Mr. Bartel and

Mr. Thurgood do not assert injury separate from the due process injury and

request for punitive damages properly asserted by Tri-State. Nor does the record

show injury to them distinct from any alleged harm to Tri-State. Instead, the

record shows that Tri-State bid on the project, the money for the bid bond was

drawn on Tri-State’s account, and Mr. Bartel and Mr. Thurgood signed documents

on behalf of Tri-State in their capacities as corporate officers. At all times, the

two acted as officers or shareholders. Because their claims derive wholly from

the claims of Tri-State, they therefore do not have standing to sue on their own

behalf. See id. at 1072-73. 3

      As indicated, Tri-State is the appropriate party to assert punitive damages

arguments on appeal. But Tri-State is not a party to this appeal. A corporation

3
      Mr. Bartel and Mr. Thurgood have standing to pursue this appeal, because
judgment was entered against them. See Uselton v. Commercial Lovelace Motor
Freight, Inc., 9 F.3d 849, 854 (10th Cir. 1993) (“To have standing, one must be
aggrieved by the order from which appeal is taken.”).


                                          -5-
may only “appear in court through an attorney and not through a non-attorney

corporate officer appearing pro se.” Harrison v. Wahatoyas, L.L.C., 253 F.3d

552, 556 (10th Cir. 2001). No attorney filed a notice of appeal on Tri-State’s

behalf, and Mr. Bartel and Mr. Thurgood are not attorneys and cannot represent

Tri-State.

                               MOTION TO STRIKE

      Defendants move to strike enumerated pages of the deposition exhibits

attached to plaintiffs’ opening brief. Some of those pages were not before the

district court and therefore cannot be presented for the first time on appeal. See

Yes on Term Limits, Inc. v. Savage, 550 F.3d 1023, 1031 n.5 (10th Cir. 2008).

Accordingly, we grant the motion to strike in part and deny it in part. We strike

the following: (1) Lynn Morgan’s deposition pages 1-8, 25-26, 29, 32, 41-43,

49-52, and 69-71; (2) Del Bartel’s deposition pages 53-56, 61-64, and 69-72;

(3) Kent Slovernick’s deposition pages 1-4, and 9-15; and (4) Anthony Tomassi’s

deposition pages 3-13, and 20-22. We, however, do not strike Lynn Morgan’s

deposition page 72 or any of the pages from Michael Archibald’s or David

Fagnant’s depositions, because these were before the district court.




                                         -6-
                               CONCLUSION

     The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED. Defendant’s motion to

strike is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part.


                                                Entered for the Court



                                                Paul J. Kelly, Jr.
                                                Circuit Judge




                                     -7-
