                   IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                  No. 14-2119
                            Filed October 28, 2015


JACQUELINE E. KUYPER and
PETER C. KUYPER,
     Petitioners-Appellants,

vs.

ERIN ELIZABETH KUYPER,
     Respondent-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________


      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Black Hawk County, Kellyann M.

Lekar, Judge.




      Grandparents appeal from the district court’s order requiring them to pay

the attorney fees of the prevailing party in an action regarding grandparent

visitation. REVERSED AND REMANDED WITH DIRECTIONS.




      Mark D. Fisher of Nidey Erdahl Tindal & Fisher, P.L.C., Cedar Rapids, for

appellant.

      Christy R. Liss of Clark, Butler, Walsh & Hamann, Waterloo, for appellee.



      Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Vogel and Tabor, JJ.
                                        2


DANILSON, Chief Judge.

      Grandparents Peter and Jacqueline Kuyper appeal from the district court’s

order assessing them $17,756.85 in attorney fees following a petition for

grandparent visitation. The grandparents maintain the award of attorney fees

must be vacated because no statute or agreement expressly authorized the

award. Because no statute expressly authorizes the award of fees, the district

court abused its discretion in ordering the grandparents to pay them. We reverse

the district court’s award of attorney fees and remand for the district court to

enter an order vacating its award.

I. Background Facts and Proceedings.

      Peter and Jacqueline are the parents of Christopher Kuyper. Christopher

married and had a child with Erin Kuyper—the appellee in this matter.

Christopher died in an automobile accident in October 2013.

      The grandparents filed a petition for grandparent visitation pursuant to

Iowa Code section 600C.1 (2013) on November 23, 2013.                The matter

proceeded to trial on July 29 and 30, 2014.

      On November 20, 2014, the district court denied the grandparents’ request

for visitation. In addition, the court ordered the grandparents to pay the mother

attorney fees in the amount of $17,756.85. The court stated:

      The [mother] requests attorney fees and notes that this matter sits
      in equity. The [grandparents] respond that there is no basis in the
      law to award attorney fees in this matter. The Court notes that
      Code of Iowa Section 600C.1(11) specifically states that an action
      filed under Chapter 660C is subject to Code of Iowa Chapter 598B.
      Code of Iowa Section 598B.312 states that the Court shall award
      the prevailing party necessary and reasonable expenses incurred
      by or on behalf of a party including costs, communications
      expenses, attorney fees, investigative fees, expenses for
                                         3


         witnesses, travel expenses, and child care expenses during the
         course of the proceeding unless the party from whom fees or
         expenses are sought establishes that the award would be clearly
         inappropriate. The Court awards attorney fees and other costs
         against the Petitioners, Peter Kuyper and Jacqueline Kuyper, and
         in favor of Respondent, Erin Juhlin-Kuyper.

The grandparents appeal.

II. Standard of Review.

         A trial court’s decision regarding the award of costs or attorney fees is

reviewed for abuse of discretion. Markey v. Carney, 705 N.W.2d 13, 25 (Iowa

2005).     A district court’s interpretation of statutes, however, is reviewed for

correction of errors at law. Van Sloun v. Agans Bros., Inc., 778 N.W.2d 174, 182

(Iowa 2010).

III. Discussion.

         The right to cover attorney fees as costs does not exist at common law,

and fees are not to be allowed in the absence of a statute or agreement

expressly authorizing it. Id.

         We do not believe section 598B.312 provides authority for the award of

attorney fees in this situation.     Section 598B.312 is contained within the

enforcement article of the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Act (UCCJEA). In 1999, the Iowa legislature adopted the UCCJEA, repealing

and replacing the provisions of the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act

(UCCJA). See 1999 Iowa Acts ch. 103. The UCCJEA is a jurisdictional act that

includes proceedings involving the physical custody and visitation of a child as

well as child-custody proceedings involving neglect and abuse. Iowa Code §

598B.102(3), (4). The information requirement set forth in Iowa Code section
                                        4


598B.209 clearly is intended to facilitate the resolution of jurisdictional issues

under the act.   We note the same requirement applies to custody orders in

domestic abuse proceedings as provided in Iowa Code sections 236.4(7) and

236.5(1)(d).

       Here, the grandparents’ claim was filed under 600C.1, and the action did

not seek to register or enforce a custody order issued by the court of another

state or another jurisdiction. See Iowa Code §§ 598B.303, .305, .306. Rather, it

was an original petition to obtain visitation with the minor child. Because neither

the issue of the jurisdiction of the Iowa court, nor the enforceability of a prior

custody determination of another jurisdiction under the UCCJEA was an issue in

this case, we conclude section 598B.312 does not apply. If attorney fees are

awarded here, the same logic would require or permit an award of attorney fees

in domestic abuse cases without direct authorization by statute in either chapters

600C or 236.     Thus, the district court abused its discretion in ordering the

grandparents to pay the mother’s attorney fees. We reverse the district court’s

award of attorney fees and remand for the district court to enter an order vacating

its award.

       REVERSED AND REMANDED WITH DIRECTIONS.
