                                          State of Vermont
                               Superior Court—Environmental Division

======================================================================
                   ENTRY REGARDING MOTION
======================================================================

In re Northeast Materials Group, LLC                                        Docket No. 35-3-13 Vtec
Title: Motion to Amend Statement of Questions (Filing No. 6)
Filed: May 24, 2013
Filed By: Appellants Neighbors for Healthy Communities
Response in Opposition filed on 6/7/2013 by Applicant North East Materials Group, LLC
Reply filed on 6/24/2013 by Appellants

    X Granted                    ___Denied                  ___ Other

        This pending case (the asphalt plant appeal) concerns a permit that the Act 250 District 5
Environmental Commission (the District Commission) issued to North East Materials Group,
LLC (NEMG) for a hot mix asphalt plant within the Rock of Ages Quarry (the Quarry) in Barre
Town, Vermont (the Town). In a separate docket (the JO appeal), Appellants Neighbors for
Healthy Communities (Appellants) challenged the District Commissioner’s finding in a
Jurisdictional Opinion (JO) that a rock crusher installed at the Quarry in 2008 did not constitute
a substantial change to a development in existence prior to Act 250 and therefore did not
require an Act 250 permit. Question 11 of Appellants’ Statement of Questions in the JO appeal
asked whether “impacts from the crushers1 should be included in the review of NEMG’s Act
250 Application for a proposed asphalt plant.” This Court dismissed that question from the JO
appeal, because the question is “properly raised within the review of the application itself and
in related appeals of any resulting determinations.” In re North East Materials Grp., LLC, No.
143-10-12 Vtec, slip op. at 6 (Vt. Super. Ct. Envtl. Div. May 9, 2013). Appellants now seek to
amend their Statement of Questions in the asphalt plant appeal to add Question 11 from the JO
appeal. The question currently before the Court at this preliminary stage is not whether
Appellants’ question has merit, but merely whether this Court should permit Appellants to
amend their filing to pose the question in this de novo appeal.
        An appellant must file its Statement of Questions within 20 days of filing its notice of
appeal and “may not raise any question on the appeal not presented in the statement [of
questions] as filed” unless the Court so orders. V.R.E.C.P. 5(f); see, e.g., Vill. of Woodstock v.
Bahramian, 160 Vt. 417, 424 (1993); In re Roderiques Variance Appl., No. 212-9-08 Vtec, slip op.
at 7, 10 (Apr. 27, 2010) (Durkin, J.). As a general matter, this Court liberally grants motions to
amend a Statement of Questions. In re Ridgewood Estates Homeowners Ass’n, No. 57-4-10
Vtec, slip op. at 7 (Vt. Super. Ct. Envtl. Div. Jan. 26, 2011) (Wright, J.) (citing Appeal of Town of
Fairfax, No. 45-3-03 Vtec, slip op. at 5 (Vt. Envtl. Ct. June 13, 2005) (Wright, J.)). We look to the
same concerns as the Civil Division does when determining whether to grant a motion to
amend a complaint; that is, we consider if there has been undue delay or bad faith by the
moving party, whether the other parties will be prejudiced, and whether the amendment will be
futile. Colby v. Umbrella, Inc., 2008 VT 20, ¶ 4, 184 Vt. 1; In re Huntington Remodeling Appl.,

1   It is unclear from the question to which particular “crushers” Appellants refer.
In re North East Materials Group, LLC, No. 35-3-13 Vtec (EO on Mot. to Amend SOQ) (7-2-13)         Pg. 2 of 3.

No. 210-10-07 Vtec, slip op. at 4–5 (Vt. Envtl. Ct. Nov. 5, 2008) (Durkin, J.). As the Vermont
Supreme Court has stated:
         The principal reasons underlying the liberal amendment policy are (1) to provide
         maximum opportunity for each claim to be decided on its merits rather than on a
         procedural technicality, (2) to give notice of the nature of the claim or defense,
         and (3) to enable a party to assert matters that were overlooked or unknown to
         him at an earlier stage in the proceedings.”
Colby v. Umbrella, Inc., 2008 VT 20, ¶ 3, 184 Vt. 1.
        Appellants filed their notice of appeal on March 27, 2013, their original Statement of
Questions on April 16, and their motion to amend on June 7. This Court does not discern undue
delay in Appellants’ request to add a question less than three months after the filing of the
notice of appeal when this docket is still in its pre-discovery phase. Compare with Appeal of
Town of Fairfax, No. 45-3-03 Vtec, slip op. at 4 (denying a party the opportunity to amend its
Statement of Questions when such amendment was sought after summary judgment had been
issued against that party and when the timing appeared to include a tactical decision).
Applicant has also made no clear showing that it will be prejudiced by the addition of issues at
this early stage of the litigation. Prejudice may exist, for example, where a motion to amend
was submitted after trial, after a statement of questions had already been amended, or after a
motion for summary judgment was denied. In re Huntington Remodeling Application, No.
210-10-07 Vtec, slip op. at 4 (Vt. Envtl. Ct. Nov. 5, 2008) (Durkin, J.) (internal citations omitted).
Finally, Applicant has not alleged that Appellants acted in bad faith in omitting the question
about the rock crushing activity from their original Statement of Questions in the asphalt plant
appeal.
        Rather, Applicant appears to argue that the amendment would be futile because the
proposed question would not survive a motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction,
although Applicant has not made such a motion. Specifically, Applicant argues that because
Appellants did not ask the District Commission to consider impacts from the crushing
operation during the asphalt plant application hearing, this Court lacks subject matter
jurisdiction over the issue.2 Appellants do not contest Applicant’s assertion that they did not
raise the issue of crushing operation impacts in the asphalt plant application hearing below.
Instead, they argue that the question legitimately poses a new legal issue that Appellants are
not barred from raising at a trial de novo3 before this Court.4


2  We do not address Applicant’s additional argument that a District Coordinator’s decision that an
application is complete is “discretionary, legally binding, and unappealable.” (Applicant’s Resp. to
Appellants’ Mot. to Amend Statement of Questions at 1, filed June 7, 2013.) Regardless of whether a
completeness determination is independently appealable as such, we do not see how the District
Commissioner’s determination that an application simply contains enough information under Act 250
Rule 10(B) for the Commission to begin its review process would bar concerned citizens from questioning
the sufficiency of an applicant’s evidentiary presentation during that review process.
3   Appeals of Act 250 permits shall be “by trial de novo” before this Court pursuant to V.R.C.E.P. 5(g).
4 Appellants additionally argue that they timely raised the question insofar as they attempted to raise it
in their appeal of the JO determination. We disagree. As stated in our prior ruling, the JO determination
was not the proper venue for raising the question of whether the District Commission considering the
asphalt plant application should additionally take into account the effects of the previously-installed
crushers. In re North East Materials Grp., LLC, No. 143-10-12 Vtec, slip op. at 6 (Vt. Super. Ct. Envtl. Div.
May 9, 2013).
In re North East Materials Group, LLC, No. 35-3-13 Vtec (EO on Mot. to Amend SOQ) (7-2-13)                  Pg. 3 of 3.

        Here, Appellants seek to add a question that will require this Court to determine if
crushing activities should be considered in the Act 250 review of the asphalt plant application.5
If this Court were to find that (1) the crushing impacts should be considered, and (2) the
consideration of the impacts would effectively result in substantial and material changes the
original application, we would be forced to remand the case to the District Commission. In re
Sisters & Brothers Inv. Grp., 2009 VT 58, ¶ 21, 186 Vt. 103. “[T]ruly substantial changes to the
form or type of an application do require remand.” Id. (citing In re Torres, 154 Vt. 233, 236
(1990)). No step in this scenario is beyond our subject matter jurisdiction.
       Applicant repeatedly argues that the crushing activity is distinct from the asphalt plant
and had been occurring for years before Applicant proposed the plant. This argument goes to
the merits of this case and of the related JO appeal currently pending before the Court in Docket
No. 143-10-12. At this preliminary stage of the proceedings, Applicant has not proven that the
question that Appellants seek to add would be futile. We therefore GRANT Appellants’
motion to amend their Statement of Questions.



_________________________________________                                           July 2, 2013
       Thomas G. Walsh, Judge                                                            Date
=============================================================================
Date copies sent: ____________                                                  Clerk's Initials: _______
Copies sent to:
    David Ahlers, Esq., Attorney for Appellants Neighbors for Healthy Communities
    James P. W. Goss, Esq. and Alan P. Biederman, Esq., Attorneys for Applicant North East Materials Group, LLC &
    Rock of Ages Corporation
    Elizabeth Lord, Esq. and Elaine O’Grady, Esq. for interested person Agency of Natural Resources
    Melanie Kehne, Esq. for interested person Natural Resources Board / Land Use Panel
    Interested person Barre Housing Authority




5 Whether or not Appellants raised this argument to the District Commission below is irrelevant in this
de novo appeal. As in de novo municipal appeals, parties in a de novo appeal of a District Commission
decision before this Court are not limited in their legal arguments to those raised in the proceedings
below. See In re Irish Const. Appl., No. 44-3-08 Vtec (Vt. Envtl. Ct. Apr. 6, 2008) (Durkin, J.). Applicant’s
claim that Appellants’ proposed question is anything other than a new legal argument is unpersuasive.
