                                  Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 545

                    ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                          DIVISION I
                                         No.CR-14-90

                                                    Opinion Delivered October   8, 2014

R. W. G.                                            APPEAL FROM THE GARLAND
                                APPELLANT           COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
                                                    [No. CR-2013-480-I]
V.
                                                    HONORABLE JOHN HOMER
                                                    WRIGHT, JUDGE
STATE OF ARKANSAS
                                  APPELLEE          AFFIRMED



                                LARRY D. VAUGHT, Judge

       Seventeen-year-old R.W.G. was charged in Garland County, Arkansas, as an accomplice

to first-degree murder. R.W.G. filed a motion to transfer his case to the juvenile division of

circuit court. After a juvenile-transfer hearing, the circuit court denied the motion. R.W.G.

appeals, arguing that the circuit court erred in denying the motion to transfer his case to the

juvenile division. We affirm.

       A prosecuting attorney has the discretion to charge a juvenile sixteen years of age or older

in the juvenile or criminal division of circuit court if the juvenile has allegedly engaged in

conduct that, if committed by an adult, would be a felony. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-318(c)(1)

(Repl. 2009). On the motion of the court or any party, the court in which the criminal charges

have been filed shall conduct a hearing to determine whether to transfer the case to another

division of circuit court having jurisdiction. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-318(e). The court shall order

the case transferred to another division of circuit court only upon a finding by clear and
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convincing evidence that the case should be transferred. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-318(h)(2). Clear

and convincing evidence is the degree of proof that will produce in the trier of fact a firm

conviction as to the allegation sought to be established. Lewis v. State, 2011 Ark. App. 691, at 2.

We will not reverse a circuit court’s determination of whether to transfer a case unless that

decision is clearly erroneous. Id. A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence

to support it, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left with a firm conviction that a

mistake has been committed. Id.

       Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-27-318(g) sets forth the factors the circuit court must

consider and make written findings on at a transfer hearing. Those factors are (1) the seriousness

of the alleged offense and whether the protection of society requires prosecution in the criminal

division of circuit court; (2) whether the alleged offense was committed in an aggressive, violent,

premeditated, or willful manner; (3) whether the offense was against a person or property, with

greater weight being given to offenses against persons, especially if personal injury resulted; (4)

the culpability of the juvenile, including the level of planning and participation in the alleged

offense; (5) the previous history of the juvenile, including whether the juvenile had been

adjudicated a juvenile offender and, if so, whether the offenses were against persons or property,

and any other previous history of antisocial behavior or patterns of physical violence; (6) the

sophistication or maturity of the juvenile as determined by consideration of the juvenile’s home,

environment, emotional attitude, pattern of living, or desire to be treated as an adult; (7) whether

there are facilities or programs available to the judge of the juvenile division of circuit court that

are likely to rehabilitate the juvenile before the expiration of the juvenile’s twenty-first birthday;



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(8) whether the juvenile acted alone or was part of a group in the commission of the alleged

offense; (9) written reports and other materials relating to the juvenile’s mental, physical,

educational, and social history; and (10) any other factors deemed relevant by the judge. Lewis,

2011 Ark. App. at 691, 2–3. The circuit court does not have to give equal weight to each factor.

Id. at 3.

        At the motion-to-transfer hearing, the State presented evidence from Garland County

Sheriff’s Department Investigator Michael Wright that Dan Roberson, who was seventy-one

years old, was abducted, robbed, and murdered on or about July 9, 2013. The State also

presented evidence that R.W.G., along with two other adults, Chestly Gaston and Ethan Sallee,

were responsible for the crimes. Wright testified that he interviewed R.W.G., who said that he,

Gaston, and Sallee had seen Roberson picking up aluminum cans on the side of the road, when

Gaston said that Roberson had a lot of money. R.W.G. stated that the group followed Roberson

back to his house, jumped him, strangled him, put him in the bed of his (Roberson’s) truck,

drove him to a wooded area, stabbed him, and dumped his body. Wright further testified that

R.W.G. provided a general description of where Roberson’s body could be found. While R.W.G.

told Wright that he (R.W.G.) neither killed Roberson nor witnessed the killing, he said that

Gaston killed Roberson and that he (Gaston) had a knife. R.W.G. admitted that he and Sallee

burned Roberson’s vehicle. Wright testified that Roberson’s vehicle was one of three vehicles

the trio stole during the weekend. Lastly, Wright did not recall R.W.G.’s having made statements

that he was threatened or coerced into participating in the crimes against Roberson.




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       Sherry Chandler testified that she was the principal at the Jessieville/Fountain Lake

Alternative Learning Center (ALC) when R.W.G. was a student there on three separate

occasions, beginning in his fifth-grade year. She testified that he was transferred to ALC because

of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reasoning and comprehension issues in

reading and math. She said that he flourished in the program but was a follower who was

influenced by his peers. According to Chandler, when R.W.G. returned to traditional school, he

had problems with attendance and staying out of trouble; he used vulgar language, refused to

follow directions, and bullied students. She said that she felt as though the ALC had exhausted

its program options with regard to R.W.G. and that he needed another program. She added,

however, that she believed R.W.G. could be rehabilitated in the juvenile court system.

       R.W.G.’s probation officer, Brian Reynolds, testified that in December 2012, R.W.G. was

arrested for harassing a fellow student and placed on juvenile probation. Within a six-month

period, Reynolds filed two affidavits in support of petitions to revoke R.W.G.’s probation—one

in March 2013 for testing positive for drugs and another in May 2013 for smoking on the school

bus. Reynolds further testified that R.W.G. was on probation at the time the crimes were

committed against Roberson. Reynolds stated that R.W.G. was a follower and lacked the

maturity to make sound adult decisions. Reynolds opined that there were rehabilitation facilities

that would benefit R.W.G.

       The coordinator of the juvenile division of the Public Defender Commission, Scott

Tanner, testified that there are residential psychiatric programs within the juvenile system

available to R.W.G. beyond his eighteenth birthday. Tanner stated that R.W.G. was a candidate



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for extended juvenile jurisdiction, which would allow the circuit court to impose a juvenile

sentence that would be served within the Division of Youth Services. Upon R.W.G.’s twenty-

first birthday, a hearing in the circuit court would be held to determine whether rehabilitative

milestones had been met or whether an adult sentence in the Arkansas Department of

Correction was appropriate.

       R.W.G.’s father, Robert Glover, Sr., also testified. He said that R.W.G.’s mother had seen

him only twice. Glover said that he was a single dad and was often gone due to work. He added

that he had not been the best role model for his son, admitting that he lost custody of R.W.G.

because he (Glover) tested positive for methamphetamines. Glover said that R.W.G. had the

maturity of a thirteen year old.

       The circuit court denied R.W.G.’s motion to transfer, entering written findings of fact

that addressed each of the factors set forth in section 9-27-318(g). On appeal, R.W.G. challenges

the findings the circuit court made with regard to each of the factors, and he contends that the

court clearly erred in denying the motion. He argues that there is no evidence that he, in a

premeditated manner, killed Roberson; at best he was the accomplice of two adults. He denies

harming Roberson and points out that he cooperated with investigators in locating Roberson’s

body. R.W.G. contends that he had only one prior offense of harassment, no antisocial behavior,

and no prior violent offenses. He cites evidence that he was diagnosed with ADHD and lacked

maturity. He also cites testimony that there were programs available within the juvenile system

and that his ALC principal and probation officer opined that he could be rehabilitated within

that system.



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       In denying the motion to transfer, the circuit court found that the crime committed

against Roberson—first-degree murder—was extremely serious and that the protection of

society would strongly favor, if not require, prosecution in the criminal division of circuit court.

The circuit court found that the alleged offense was committed in an aggressive, premeditated,

and willful manner by R.W.G., although the level of violence by him was in dispute. The circuit

court noted that the crime was against a person and his property, and the culpability of R.W.G.,

including the level of planning and participation in the alleged offense, was substantial. The

circuit court further found that R.W.G. had some history of aggressive behavior against others.

The court noted that R.W.G. appeared to be on the lower end of the normal range of maturity

for a person his age and that he had a history of antisocial behavior. The court found that it was

undisputed that R.W.G. was part of a group that committed the murder. And while there was

evidence of juvenile-system programs that might be available to R.W.G., the court found that

there was no evidence as to the likelihood that these programs might prove effective for

someone in his circumstances.

       We hold that the circuit court properly considered all the factors in section 9-27-318(g)

and that its decision to deny the motion to transfer is not clearly erroneous. The evidence

demonstrated that R.W.G. willingly participated with Gaston and Sallee in the abduction,

robbery, and murder of Roberson because he had “lots of money.” The seriousness of the

murder, coupled with evidence about how the group treated Roberson and the medical

examiner’s report confirming that Roberson was stabbed to death, demonstrate the aggressive,

premeditated, and willful manner of the group’s actions. And while R.W.G. stated that he did



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not kill Roberson and did not witness the killing, he knew who did, he saw Gaston with a knife,

and he was aware of where Roberson had been left to die. After Roberson was murdered,

R.W.G. drove around in Roberson’s vehicle, and later R.W.G., along with Sallee, burned it.

Finally, there was no evidence that R.W.G. was coerced or threatened to participate in the

group’s activities.

       Other evidence also supports the circuit court’s denial of the motion to transfer. R.W.G.

was enrolled in the ALC on three occasions. While he did well in this program, as soon as he

was released, he reverted to poor behavior. His principal testified that there was nothing further

the program had to offer R.W.G. His poor behavior led him to being on juvenile probation.

Evidence showed that R.W.G. was unable to follow the rules of this program, as demonstrated

by the two petitions to revoke his probation that were filed against him. Further, R.W.G. was

on probation at the time of Roberson’s murder. R.W.G.’s history of failing to rehabilitate

supports the circuit court’s finding that, while there may have been some juvenile-system

programs available to R.W.G., there was no evidence as to the likelihood that these programs

might prove effective for him.

       For these reasons, we hold that the circuit court’s findings support its decision, and the

denial of R.W.G.’s motion to transfer to the juvenile division of circuit court was not clearly

erroneous.

       Affirmed.
       GRUBER and WHITEAKER, JJ., agree.
       Kelsay Law Firm, P.A., by: Ronald D. Kelsay, for appellant.
       Dustin McDaniel, Att’y Gen., by: LeaAnn J. Adams, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.




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