AFFIRMED; Opinion Filed August 23, 2016.




                                                       In The
                                     Court of Appeals
                              Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                             No. 05-15-00906-CV

                        ALTESSE HEALTHCARE SOLUTIONS, INC. AND
                             SHAWNA BOUDREAUX, Appellants
                                          V.
                        ALLEN WILSON AND BECKY WILSON, Appellees

                           On Appeal from the 219th Judicial District Court
                                        Collin County, Texas
                               Trial Court Cause No. 219-04978-2014

                                   MEMORANDUM OPINION
                              Before Justices Lang-Miers, Evans, and Brown
                                        Opinion by Justice Evans
          Altesse Healthcare Solutions, Inc. and Shawna Boudreaux1 (collectively Altesse unless

context requires otherwise) appeal from the trial court’s adverse final judgment awarding Allen

Wilson and Becky Wilson $897,937.51 plus attorney’s fees. In its first issue, Altesse challenges

the trial court’s imposition of “death penalty” sanctions for violating a temporary restraining

order as unjust and a violation of his due process rights. In issues two through six, Altesse

challenges the trial court’s underlying temporary restraining order arguing that (1) the order did

not maintain the status quo, (2) the Wilsons failed to prove probable injury, (3) the Wilsons

failed to satisfy a condition precedent to filing suit, (4) the Wilson’s suit should have been


   1
       Shawna Boudreaux is the president of Altesse.
brought in federal court as a compulsory counterclaim to the suit filed by Altesse, and (5) the

trial court erred in having the TRO hearing off the record. In two additional issues, Altesse

contends that it substantially complied with the TRO and any noncompliance was not willfully

done. The Wilsons have not filed a brief in this appeal. For the reasons that follow, we affirm

the trial court’s judgment.

                                                  BACKGROUND

          This case arises from a dispute involving the purchase and sale of ABACAW Enterprises,

Inc. doing business as Golden Pond Home Healthcare. At all relevant times, Golden Pond

provided home healthcare services to mainly Medicare patients. Pursuant to a June 21, 2014

agreement, Altesse agreed to purchase the company from the Wilsons for the sum of $800,000 to

be paid in installments beginning October 15, 2014. After the agreement was signed, Altesse

began operating the company. Altesse failed to pay the first $66,000 installment due on October

15, 2014 and, instead, filed suit in federal court against the Wilsons.2 The Wilsons filed a

petition in state court asserting claims for breach of contract, fraud, and declaratory judgment

with an application for a temporary restraining order and injunctive relief.

          On December 17, 2016, attorneys for both parties appeared in the trial court’s chambers

to discuss the TRO application. The trial court signed the TRO and scheduled a hearing for the

temporary injunction five days later, on December 22, 2014. Among other things, the TRO

required Altesse to return to the Wilsons within three days: the company assets, access to the

business and all records, administrator access and password information and business documents

reflecting the company’s current patients, employees and patient schedules. No evidentiary

hearing was held or record made of the December 17 proceedings on the TRO, although both

parties’ attorneys were present when it was signed.                        On December 19, Altesse filed an

   2
       According to Altesse, the federal suit is scheduled for trial in 2016.


                                                           –2–
emergency motion to set aside the TRO but the motion was never set for a hearing. One hour

later, Altesse filed a notice of removal to federal court and where they sought to consolidate it

with its previously-filed federal lawsuit.     Consequently, a hearing was never held on the

application for a temporary injunction. On January 30, 2015, the federal court ultimately granted

the Wilsons’ request to return the case to state court.

       On March 19, 2015, the Wilsons filed a motion for contempt and sanctions against

Altesse alleging it violated various provisions of the trial court’s TRO. After an evidentiary

hearing, the trial court granted the motion and punished Altesse for contempt of court by

“impos[ing] a sanction of $897,937.51 and further ordered that “death penalty sanctions should

be imposed against [Altesse] as to [its] liability for all of the Wilsons’ causes of action and

claims plead in their Original Petition, and persevere [sic] the amount of damages for trial.” The

Wilsons then requested and received a final judgment against Altesse for $897,937.51, attorney’s

fees for post-judgment discovery and obtaining and enforcing the judgment, plus contingent

appellate attorney’s fees. Altesse filed this appeal.

                                            ANALYSIS

       A.      Death Penalty Sanctions

       In its first issue, Altesse challenges the trial court’s grant of death penalty sanctions.

Altesse contends the trial court’s imposition of death penalty sanctions violated its state and

federal constitutional due process rights and was not “just” as required by the standard set forth

by the Texas supreme court in TransAmerican Natural Gas Corporation v. Powell, 811 S.W.2d

913 (Tex. 1991) (orig. proceeding) and its progeny. Altesse generally contends that the Wilsons

failed to prove a direct relationship between the sanction imposed and the offensive conduct. It

also asserts that the sanction was more severe than necessary because Altesse ultimately turned




                                                 –3–
over the company assets to the Wilsons. Finally, it contends its claims and defenses did not lack

merit.

         We review a trial judge’s sanction award for an abuse of discretion, examining the entire

record to determine whether the trial court acted arbitrarily and unreasonably, without reference

to guiding principles, or misapplied the law to the established facts of the case. See Randolph v.

Walker, 29 S.W.3d 271, 276 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2000, pet. denied).

         “Two factors mark the bounds of the trial court’s discretion in order for sanctions to be

just: first, a direct relationship between the offensive conduct and the sanction imposed must

exist; and second, the sanction imposed must not be excessive.” Chrysler Corp. v. Blackmon,

841 S.W.2d 844, 849 (Tex. 1992) (orig. proceeding). Additionally, there are constitutional due

process limitations preventing the imposition of death penalty sanctions unless the offensive

conduct justifies a presumption that the offending party’s claims or defenses lack merit. See

TransAmerican, 811 S.W.2d at 917–18.

         In its April 13 order granting contempt and sanctions, the trial court made the following

findings:

     The Court finds that [Altesse] violated the Court’s temporary restraining order issued on
December 17, 2014 by:
                                           * * *

         (2) Transferring and depleting monies of ABACAW. Specifically, transferring
         $15,150 (in five different transfers) from ABACAW’s bank account to another,
         unknown Compass Bank account (Account *2407), and writing and negotiating
         21 checks totaling $17,787.51;

         (3) Failing to comply with any of the mandatory injunction part of the order.
         Specifically, failing to provide within three days, the required assets, business
         records and documents, password information, and all other course of business
         documents of ABACAW;

         (4) Failing to return information vital to the operation of ABACAW and to
         comply with Medicare regulations. Specifically, failing to provide 376 incomplete
         visit notes; 64 orders that show as being sent to the physician but that were never
         marked returned with a signature, scanned into the computer, or returned by hard

                                                –4–
       copy; and 137 orders that are marked returned with physician’s signature but are
       not scanned into AXXESS nor have they been returned to Allen Wilson and/or
       Becky Wilson by hard copy; and

       (5) Failing to return the following assets of ABACAW: four Dell computers; nine
       computer monitors; laminating machine; ice box; two coffee pots; two
       microwaves; 4 n-ratio (PT/INR machine); Alere PT/INR machine bag; and 3
       testing strips.

With respect to the imposition of death penalty sanctions, the trial court found:

       The court finds that death penalty sanctions in this case are necessary and just
       because:

       (1) The sanction is directly related to the Defendants’ offensive conduct because
       the Defendants devastated the value of ABACAW (the order was meant to retain
       this value so that the parties would have something left to fight over), and ruined
       the Wilsons’ only chance to recover ABACAW’s business at the time the order
       was granted (by violating the order and avoiding the temporary injunction hearing
       in bad faith).

       (2) The sanction is completely necessary to promote full compliance with the
       orders and authority of this Court. Not providing this sanction would allow the
       Defendants to benefit from their actions, and have no repercussions that would
       cause them, or other similar parties like them in the future, to obey the authority
       of this Court.

       (3) No other lesser sanction would be adequate punishment for the violations
       committed by the Defendants. The complete destruction of the business cannot be
       properly punished by the awarding of only attorneys’ fees or other similar, lesser
       sanctions.

       (4) Defendants’ egregious conduct justifies the presumption that its claims or
       defenses lack merit.

       At the contempt and sanctions hearing, there was testimony from Allen Wilson that when

the TRO was entered, the company had 55 patients. However, the day the business was finally

returned to the Wilsons, the company had only three active patients. Wilson testified that he

received transfer statements from 20 patients that were going to Trinicare Home Health, Inc., a

home health company controlled by Boudreaux and doing business under the assumed name of




                                                –5–
Altesse Home Health.3 Moreover, after the TRO was entered, Altesse was still filing claims

requesting payment from Medicare. According to Wilson, he did not get access to the software

allowing him to see patient schedules until after January 1, 2015. Wilson further testified that

they still had not received several assets of the business including some computers and furniture.

In addition, he stated money that was owed to the IRS and should have been paid by Altesse had

not been paid. According to Wilson, there was a $50,000 letter of credit that “has never shown

up in the bank account” and only $4,000 had been returned. Wilson testified that he would never

get the business back to where it was when he sold it to Altesse.

          At the hearing, Boudreaux admitted that she read and understood the TRO. Nevertheless,

from December 17 to December 31, 2014 she held herself or Altesse out as the owner or agent of

ABACAW, she used ABACAW’s medicare provider number and national provider number,

Medicare license number, and continued to have contact with ABACAW’s patients and

employees and independent contractors. She also admitted to depleting or transferring

ABACAW assets from December 17 through December 31, 2014. Such actions were contrary to

the provisions of the TRO.

          Boudreaux further admitted that she did not return administrator access and password

information to the Wilsons within three days as specified in the TRO. Boudreaux stated she

complied with the order to the best of her ability. She noted that some patients were on

chemotherapy infusions, were acute patients and had wound care, and “It’s not something that

you can just hand over.” She testified that this was a “transition type situation” and “the State of

Texas requires a thirty-day notice when you do changes any more of [sic] fifty percent stock.”

When asked if it would have been a good result if she had simply turned everything over to the

Wilsons on December 17, she replied “[a]bsolutely not” because of “patient safety, patient

   3
       The assumed name certificate in evidence was filed January 6, 2015.


                                                        –6–
endangerment, patient rights, nursing licenses.” Boudreaux agreed on direct examination that it

would be impossible for her not to hold herself out as ABACAW after December 17. She felt

she substantially complied with the TRO because “there was nothing else she could have done.”

She testified that the Wilsons “hadn’t done any infusion patients . . . there was no way that I

could just trust that these patients were going to be able to continue to be taken care of.”

Boudreaux also stated that she wanted to make sure the nurses would be paid during the interim

period. Boudreaux resigned from ABACAW on December 29. According to Boudreaux, none

of the nurses that were working for ABACAW stayed with the company after it was returned to

the Wilsons and all but one (a therapist) ended up going to work for Altesse.

       After reviewing the evidence, we conclude the sanctions were directly related to

Altesse’s offensive conduct. As noted by the trial court, Altesses’s actions in failing to comply

with the TRO resulted in destroying the value of the company over which the lawsuit was based.

In essence, Altesse took over running the company and then failed to make the scheduled

payments when due, leaving the Wilsons without the company or payment. After the trial court

ordered Altesse to return the company to the Wilsons, Altesse delayed and by the time it returned

the necessary assets to run the business, there was little left to run. The trial court even observed

that Boudreaux “pretty much admitted to every violation.” Regarding whether the sanctions

were excessive, Altesse effectively reduced the entire value of the company to next to nothing

and the parties had recently agreed that value was worth the amount of the sanction. Altesse had

no evidence of any significant value left in the company that refuted the Wilsons’ evidence that

there was no value to what they received back from Altesse. Moreover, in light of Altesse’s

deliberate conduct we conclude the sanctions were not excessive.

       We next address Altesse’s assertion that the trial court did not consider lesser sanctions.

As set forth in the order, the trial court determined that no lesser sanction, such as attorney’s

                                                –7–
fees, would be adequate in this case because Altesse’s noncompliance resulted in the destruction

of the business that was the very subject of the lawsuit. The record shows that the trial court

understood the severity of the sanctions requested and while not specifically mentioning that he

considered lesser sanctions, noted the death penalty sanctions seemed extreme and were “like a

nuclear option here.” But, as noted by the Wilsons’ attorney, the existing problem is that “the

corpus of the lawsuit is gone. Poof. We don’t have any recourse.”     Based on the record before

us, we cannot conclude that the trial court erred in determining that a lesser sanction would have

been inadequate in these circumstances.

       Finally, we address Altesse’s federal and state due process complaints. Altesse argues

the trial court erred in concluding that its claims or defenses lacked merit because it complied

with the TRO the best it could in balancing patient safety and nursing license issues. It also

asserts it would have been illegal under the Board of Nurses Code for Altesse to abandon the

patients under their control as the TRO required. These arguments however, do not address the

merits of Altesse’s claims and defenses with respect to the Wilson’s underlying lawsuit which is

the relevant inquiry for a due process analysis. See TransAmerican, 811 S.W.2d at 917–18.

Instead, Altesse presents defenses to Altesse’s non-compliance with the TRO and provides no

explanation or discussion as to how they are pertinent to its due process complaint.          The

appellate rules require a brief to contain a clear and concise argument for the contentions made

with appropriate citations to the authorities and the record. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i). We have

no duty or even right to perform an independent review of the record and applicable law to

determine whether there was error. See Bolling v. Farmers Branch Indep. Sch. Dist., 315

S.W.3d 893, 896 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.). Accordingly, Altesse has waived his due

process complaint by inadequate briefing. See Fredonia State Bank v. Gen. Am. Life Ins. Co.,




                                               –8–
881 S.W.2d 279, 284–85 (Tex. 1994).4 Nevertheless, after a review of the entire record we

cannot conclude Altesse’s conduct did not justify a presumption that its claims and defenses in

the underlying lawsuit lacked merit. See TransAmerican, 811 S.W.2d at 917–18.

        B.       Contempt Finding

        In issues seven and eight, Altesse argues that it should not have been held in contempt

because it substantially complied with the TRO and any non-compliance with the TRO was the

result of its inability to comply. We review a trial court’s decision to hold a party in contempt

for an abuse of discretion. See In re Reece, 341 S.W.3d 360, 369 (Tex. 2011). In its April 13

order, the trial court stated:

                The Court finds that [Altesse] violated the Court’s temporary restraining
        order issued on December 17, 2014 by:

                                                      * * *

        (2) Transferring and depleting monies of ABACAW. Specifically, transferring
        $15,150 (in five different transfers) from ABACAW’s bank account to another,
        unknown Compass Bank account (Account *2407), and writing and negotiating
        21 checks totaling $17,787.51;

        (3) Failing to comply with any of the mandatory injunction part of the order.
        Specifically, failing to provide within three days, the required assets, business
        records and documents, password information, and all other course of business
        documents of ABACAW;

        (4) Failing to return information vital to the operation of ABACAW and to
        comply with Medicare regulations. Specifically, failing to provide 376 incomplete
        visit notes; 64 orders that show as being sent to the physician but that were never
        marked returned with a signature, scanned into the computer, or returned by hard
        copy; and 137 orders that are marked returned with physician’s signature but are
        not scanned into AXXESS nor have they been returned to Allen Wilson and/or
        Becky Wilson by hard copy; and



    4
     Under this issue, Altesse also makes conclusory arguments without any legal analysis or discussion that (1) the
death penalty sanctions violated its federal due process rights because no hearing was conducted before the TRO
was signed and (2) the death penalty sanctions constituted an improper “takings” under article 1 section 19 of the
Texas Constitution. These contentions are likewise waived due to inadequate briefing. See Fredonia State Bank,
881 S.W.2d at 284–85.


                                                       –9–
       (5) Failing to return the following assets of ABACAW: four Dell computers; nine
       computer monitors; laminating machine; ice box; two coffee pots; two
       microwaves; 4 n-ratio (PT/INR machine); Alere PT/INR machine bag; and 3
       testing strips.

Altesse did not request, and the trial court did not make findings of fact with respect to whether

Altesse substantially complied with the TRO or whether it was unable to comply. Here, we

presume the trial court rejected Altesse’s defenses of inability to comply and substantial

compliance. The evidence was conflicting on these issues and the trial court was the sole judge

of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. See In re C.G., No.

04-13-00749-CV, 2014 WL 3928612 at *10 (Tex. App.—San Antonio August 13, 2014, no pet.)

(mem. op.). Boudreaux explained she violated the court’s order because it was impossible to

comply and was concerned with the patient’s safety. However the extent of her violations along

with testimony from Wilson that he was capable of taking care of the patients and the employees

had the company been turned over in accordance with the TRO supported both the conclusion

that Altesse did not substantially comply with the TRO although capable of doing so and that

Altesse was able to comply. Based on our review of the record, Altesse has not established the

trial court abused its discretion in holding Altesse in contempt.       Accordingly, we resolve

Altesse’s seventh and eighth issues against it.

       C.      Challenges to TRO

       In issues two through five, Altesse challenges the trial court’s underlying TRO.

Specifically, Altesse asserts that the trial court erred in rendering the TRO because: (1) the TRO

failed to maintain the status quo between the parties, (2) the Wilsons failed to prove probable

injury, (3) the Wilsons failed to satisfy a condition precedent necessary to filing suit, (4) the

Wilsons’ lawsuit was a compulsory counterclaim to Altesse’s federal suit and should have been

brought in federal court. We need not address the merits of these issues because, even if the

TRO was issued in a “flagrantly erroneous manner,” Altesse was still required to obey it. See
                                                  –10–
Green Oaks, Ltd., v. Cannan, 749 S.W.2d 128, 130 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1987, writ denied).

Only when an order is absolutely void, rather than merely invalid, will a violation be excused.

See Ex parte Browne, 543 S.W.2d 82, 85–86 (Tex. 1976). Altesse has not challenged the TRO

as absolutely void. Thus, even if the trial court erred in rendering the TRO, the error could not

be the basis for reversing the trial court’s sanctions order and final judgment which is based on

Altesse’s violations of the TRO.

       D.       TRO Hearing

       In its sixth issue, Altesse complains about the absence of a transcript from the hearing on

the TRO. It asserts that because the parties never agreed to have a TRO hearing off the record,

the court reporter’s failure to transcribe the proceedings violated rule 13.1(a) of the Texas Rules

of Appellate Procedure. Altesse has not preserved this complaint for review as Altesse does not

assert, and it does not appear, that Altesse objected to the failure to record the proceeding. See

TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a). Moreover, there is no indication that an evidentiary hearing was held on

the TRO before it was signed. Accordingly, any absence of a record is harmless. See Michiana

Easy Livin’ Country, Inc. v. Holten, 168 S.W.3d 777, 782 (in pretrial context, reporter’s record

required only if evidence is introduced in open court; for non-evidentiary hearings, it is

superfluous).

                                        CONCLUSION

       Having overruled all of Altesse’s issues, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.




                                                   /David Evans/
                                                   DAVID EVANS
150906F.P05                                        JUSTICE




                                              –11–
                               Court of Appeals
                        Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                       JUDGMENT

ALTESSE HEALTHCARE SOLUTIONS,                        On Appeal from the 219th Judicial District
INC. AND SHAWNA BOUDREAUX,                           Court, Collin County, Texas
Appellants                                           Trial Court Cause No. 219-04978-2014
                                                     Opinion delivered by Justice Evans, Justices
No. 05-15-00906-CV         V.                        Lang-Miers and Brown participating.

ALLEN WILSON AND BECKY WILSON,
Appellees

     In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED.

        It is ORDERED that appellees Allen Wilson and Becky Wilson recover their costs of
this appeal from appellants Altesse Healthcare Solutions, Inc. and Shawna Boudreaux.


Judgment entered this 23rd day of August, 2016.




                                              –12–
