               NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING
                      MOTION AND, IF FILED, DETERMINED


                                                IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL
                                                OF FLORIDA
                                                SECOND DISTRICT



ROBERT RAUSCHENBERG                    )
FOUNDATION,                            )
                                       )
            Appellant,                 )
                                       )
v.                                     )               Case No. 2D14-3794
                                       )
BENNET GRUTMAN, BILL GOLDSTON, )
and DARRYL POTTORF, as trustees of the )
Robert Rauschenberg Revocable Trust,   )
                                       )
            Appellees.                 )
___________________________________ )

Opinion filed January 6, 2016.

Appeal from the Circuit Court for Lee
County; Jay B. Rosman, Judge.

Robert W. Goldman of Goldman
Felcoski & Stone, P.A., Naples, and
James R. George of Greenberg
Traurig, P.A., Ft. Lauderdale, for Appellant.

James A. McKee and Benjamin J.
Grossman of Foley & Lardner LLP,
Tallahassee, Michael Gay of Foley &
Lardner LLP, Orlando, and Ted B.
Edwards of Law Office of Ted B. Edwards,
P.A., Winter Park, for Appellees.

SILBERMAN, Judge.

              The Robert Rauschenberg Foundation, as sole remainder beneficiary of

the Robert Rauschenberg Revocable Trust, seeks review of an order awarding
$24,600,000 to trustees Bennet Grutman, Bill Goldston, and Darryl Pottorf for their

services. We affirm the award in its entirety. We write only to explain why the trial court

correctly refused to calculate fees using the lodestar method.

              This case stems from the administration of the considerable estate of

iconic and prolific artist and philanthropist Robert Rauschenberg. Rauschenberg

devised his residuary estate to the Trust, and the Trust's sole remainder beneficiary was

the Foundation. The Trustees managed the Trust assets for several years after

Rauschenberg's death while its assets were being transferred to the Foundation.

During this time period, the value of the Trust assets increased from $605,645,595 to

$2,179,000,000.

              The Trust does not contain a provision addressing trustee's fees, and the

major disagreement between the parties was the methodology to be used to calculate

the fees. The Trustees requested between $51,000,000 and $55,000,000 in fees based

on the factors set forth in West Coast Hospital Ass'n v. Florida National Bank of

Jacksonville, 100 So. 2d 807 (Fla. 1958). The Foundation asserted that the Trustees

were only entitled to $375,000 in fees based on the lodestar method set forth in Florida

Patient's Compensation Fund v. Rowe, 472 So. 2d 1145 (Fla. 1985), modified, Standard

Guaranty Insurance Co. v. Quanstrom, 555 So. 2d 828 (Fla. 1990). Both parties

presented expert testimony applying their methodology.

              In West Coast, the Florida Supreme Court addressed the calculation of

trustee's fees in a case in which the testamentary trust did not contain a provision

specifying compensation. 100 So. 2d 807. The trial court had awarded annual trustee's

fees payable to the corporate and individual trustees based on a percentage of the trust




                                           -2-
principal and income. Id. at 810. The supreme court rejected this percentage approach

and approved a standard under which the court would consider several factors to

determine "reasonable compensation." Id. at 811.

              Those factors included:

              The amount of capital and income received and disbursed
              by the trustee; the wages or salary customarily granted to
              agents or servants for performing like work in the
              community; the success or failure of the administration of the
              trustee; any unusual skill or experience which the trustee in
              question may have brought to his work; the fidelity or
              disloyalty displayed by the trustee; the amount of risk and
              responsibility assumed; the time consumed in carrying out
              the trust; the custom in the community as to allowances to
              trustees by settlors or courts and as to charges exacted by
              trust companies and banks; the character of the work done
              in the course of administration, whether routine or involving
              skill and judgment; any estimate which the trustee has given
              of the value of his own services; payments made by the
              cestuis to the trustee and intended to be applied toward his
              compensation.

Id. (quoting Bogert on Trusts & Trustees, § 976).

              Almost thirty years later, the supreme court issued Rowe to establish

"objectivity and uniformity in court-determined reasonable attorney fees" by adopting the

lodestar method. 472 So. 2d at 1149 (emphasis added). The court calculated the

lodestar figure by multiplying the number of hours reasonably expended by a

reasonable hourly rate. Id. at 1151. In determining the reasonable number of hours

and reasonable hourly rate, the court considered factors similar to the West Coast

factors. Id. at 1150-51.

              The supreme court subsequently applied the lodestar method from Rowe

in a case involving "reasonable compensation" for attorneys and personal

representatives in probate actions. See In re Estate of Platt, 586 So. 2d 328, 336 (Fla.



                                           -3-
1991), superseded by statute, ch. 93-257, § 4, at 2503, Laws of Fla. In rejecting

attorney's fees based on a percentage of the estate, the court looked to the legislative

history of the statute and determined that the lodestar method was more consistent with

that intent. Id. at 331-36. The court emphasized the legislature's use of the word

"reasonable" to determine the scope of fees. Id. at 335-36. The court concluded that it

would not be "reasonable" to "allow one judge to set reasonable fees in an estate

proceeding solely on the basis of a percentage value of the estate, a second judge to

set attorney's fees in a similar estate proceeding based on the lodestar method, and a

third judge to set attorney's fees in a similar estate proceeding by using a combination

of both." Id. at 336.

              Approximately fifteen years after Platt issued, the Florida Legislature

enacted a trustee fee statute that similarly provides for an award of trustee's fees that

are "reasonable under the circumstances" when the trust does not specify

compensation. See § 736.0708(1), Fla. Stat. (2007). The statute does not set forth a

methodology for calculating "reasonable" trustee's fees or otherwise explain which

"circumstances" should be considered.

              The Foundation argues that the use of the term "reasonable" in section

736.0708(1) without further elucidation suggests a legislative intent to adopt the lodestar

method set forth in Rowe. The Foundation asserts that the lodestar method, which the

Rowe court applied to calculate attorney's fees, is equally applicable to trustee's fees.

The Foundation points to the supreme court's application of the lodestar method in Platt

to "reasonable compensation" for attorneys and personal representatives in probate

actions.




                                           -4-
              However, the legislative history of section 736.0708(1) indicates an intent

to apply the West Coast factors. Specifically, the Senate Staff Analyses in support of

the bill reference section 736.0708(1) and explain, "On the factors to be taken into

account in determining a reasonable compensation, see West Coast Hospital

Association v. Florida Nat'l Bank of Jacksonville, 100 So. 2d 807 (Fla. 1958) citing with

favor Bogert, Trusts and Trustees, s. 976." Fla. S. Comm. on Banking & Ins., CS for SB

1170 (2006) Staff Analysis 18 n.258 (Mar. 21, 2006); Fla. S. Comm. on Jud., CS for SB

1170 (2006) Staff Analysis 19 n.255 (Mar. 10, 2006). And there is no indication of

legislative intent to apply the lodestar method in any manner. Thus, we conclude that

the lodestar method set forth in Rowe does not apply to trustee's fees.

              Accordingly, the trial court correctly refused to calculate the Trustees' fees

using the lodestar method. The court properly applied the West Coast factors, and the

court's findings regarding those factors and the reasonable fee amount are supported

by the evidence presented at trial.

              Affirmed.



ALTENBERND and NORTHCUTT, JJ., Concur.




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