[Cite as State v. Vanscoy, 2014-Ohio-3482.]


STATE OF OHIO                     )                   IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                  )ss:                NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT                  )

STATE OF OHIO                                         C.A. No.     26964

        Appellee

        v.                                            APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                      ENTERED IN THE
GREGORY L. VANSCOY                                    COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                                                      COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
        Appellant                                     CASE No.   CR 12 07 1910

                                 DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: August 13, 2014



        BELFANCE, Judge.

        {¶1}     Defendant-Appellant Gregory Vanscoy appeals from the decisions of the Summit

County Court of Common Pleas. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm in part and vacate in

part.

                                                 I.

        {¶2}     Mr. Vanscoy was arrested on July 5, 2012, after he grabbed a 17-year-old girl on

the University of Akron Campus. He was subsequently indicted on one count of abduction, a

felony of the third degree, and one count of assault, a misdemeanor of the first degree. After

numerous continuances, granted for varying reasons, and following the appointment of new

counsel, on May 23, 2013, Mr. Vanscoy filed a motion to dismiss alleging a violation of his right

to a speedy trial. That motion was denied May 28, 2013. Mr. Vanscoy entered a plea of no

contest to the charges and was sentenced on May 31, 2013, to 2 years in prison. In addition, the

sentencing entry provided that Mr. Vanscoy was to have no contact with the victim.
                                                   2


       {¶3}    Mr. Vanscoy has appealed, raising two assignments of error for our review.

                                                II.

                                  ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

       THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR WHEN IT
       OVERRULED VANSCOY’S MOTION TO DISMISS THE INDICTMENT ON
       SPEEDY TRIAL GROUNDS.

       {¶4}    Mr. Vanscoy asserts in his first assignment of error that trial court erred in

denying his motion to dismiss on speedy trial grounds.

       {¶5}    This Court has previously stated:

       “The right of an accused to a speedy trial is recognized by the Constitutions of
       both the United States and the State of Ohio.” State v. Pachay, 64 Ohio St.2d
       218, 219 (1980). There is also a statutory right to a speedy trial in Ohio. “Upon
       motion made at or prior to the commencement of trial, a person charged with an
       offense shall be discharged if he is not brought to trial within the time required by
       sections 2945.71 and 2945.72 of the Revised Code.” R.C. 2945.73(B). Under
       Section 2945.71(C)(2) of the Ohio Revised Code, a person charged with a felony
       must be brought to trial within 270 days of his arrest.

State v. Jackson, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 11CA010012, 2012-Ohio-3524, ¶ 8. R.C. 2945.71(E)

provides that “each day during which the accused is held in jail in lieu of bail on the pending

charge shall be counted as three days.” “The defendant’s speedy trial clock begins to run on the

day after arrest or service of summons.” State v. Williams, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 11CA010026,

2012-Ohio-3417, ¶ 25. “Thus, subject to certain tolling events, a jailed defendant must be tried

within 90 days.” State v. Ramey, 132 Ohio St.3d 309, 2012-Ohio-2904, ¶ 15.

       {¶6}    “Because the General Assembly recognized that some degree of flexibility is

necessary, it allowed for extensions of the time limits for bringing an accused to trial in certain

circumstances.” Id. at ¶ 24. R.C. 2945.72 provides that

       [t]he time within which an accused must be brought to trial, or, in the case of
       felony, to preliminary hearing and trial, may be extended only by the following:
                                                 3


       (A) Any period during which the accused is unavailable for hearing or trial, by
       reason of other criminal proceedings against him, within or outside the state, by
       reason of his confinement in another state, or by reason of the pendency of
       extradition proceedings, provided that the prosecution exercises reasonable
       diligence to secure his availability;

       (B) Any period during which the accused is mentally incompetent to stand trial or
       during which his mental competence to stand trial is being determined, or any
       period during which the accused is physically incapable of standing trial;

       (C) Any period of delay necessitated by the accused’s lack of counsel, provided
       that such delay is not occasioned by any lack of diligence in providing counsel to
       an indigent accused upon his request as required by law;

       (D) Any period of delay occasioned by the neglect or improper act of the accused;

       (E) Any period of delay necessitated by reason of a plea in bar or abatement,
       motion, proceeding, or action made or instituted by the accused;

       (F) Any period of delay necessitated by a removal or change of venue pursuant to
       law;

       (G) Any period during which trial is stayed pursuant to an express statutory
       requirement, or pursuant to an order of another court competent to issue such
       order;

       (H) The period of any continuance granted on the accused’s own motion, and the
       period of any reasonable continuance granted other than upon the accused’s own
       motion;

       (I) Any period during which an appeal filed pursuant to section 2945.67 of the
       Revised Code is pending.

       {¶7}     “In addition to meticulously delineating the tolling events, the General Assembly

jealously guarded its judgment as to the reasonableness of delay by providing that time in which

to bring an accused to trial ‘may be extended only by’ the events enumerated in R.C. 2945.72(A)

through (I).” Ramey at 24, quoting R.C. 2945.72. Thus, the “extensions under the statute are to

be strictly construed, and not liberalized in favor of the state.” (Internal quotations and citation

omitted.) Id.
                                                  4


       {¶8}    Additionally, “[a]n accused may also waive his speedy trial rights as long as the

waiver is knowingly and voluntarily made.” (Internal quotations and citations omitted.) State v.

Fields, 9th Dist. Wayne No. 12CA0045, 2013-Ohio-4970, ¶ 10. “[A]n accused’s ‘waiver must

be expressed in writing or made in open court on the record.’” (Emphasis added in Fields.) Id.,

quoting Akron v. Robinson, 9th Dist. Summit No. 20674, 2002 WL 498173, *1 (Apr. 3, 2002),

citing State v. King, 70 Ohio St.3d 158 (1994), syllabus.

       {¶9}    Mr. Vanscoy was arrested on July 5, 2012, and thus the speedy-trial clock began

running July 6, 2012. During the entire pendency of the case, Mr. Vanscoy remained in jail and

was thus entitled to the benefit of the triple-count provision in R.C. 2945.71(E). Between July 6,

2012, and May 23, 2013, the day Mr. Vanscoy filed his motion to dismiss, 321 days elapsed.

Thus, absent waiver or tolling events, Mr. Vanscoy was entitled to be discharged upon filing his

motion to dismiss. See R.C. 2945.73(B).

       {¶10} Therefore, we turn to examining whether there were any tolling events or waivers

that would impact the running of the speedy trial time. Time ran from the day after Mr.

Vanscoy’s arrest on July 6, 2012, until the scheduled day of his arraignment, July 20, 2012,

resulting in 14 days elapsing. Mr. Vanscoy’s arraignment was continued until July 25, 2012, and

the journal entry reflecting the continuance indicates that the time (5 days) was charged to Mr.

Vanscoy. Mr. Vanscoy does not dispute that this time is chargeable to him. Time began to run

again as of Mr. Vanscoy’s arraignment on July 25, 2012, and continued to do so until the date of

the first scheduled pretrial on July 30, 2012, bringing the total count to 19 days.

       {¶11} Mr. Vanscoy concedes that the time between July 30, 2012 and October 15, 2012,

is chargeable to him. However, the parties disagree as to whether the time period from October
                                                  5


15, 2012 to January 9, 2013, was tolled. On October 15, 2012, the following exchange occurred

at the pretrial hearing:

        [Prosecutor]: Your Honor, we’ve had quite a bit of discussion regarding possible
        pleas in this case. Although we’ll continue to work towards resolution, at this
        time I think both parties feel it is best to get a trial date.

        [Mr. Vanscoy’s counsel]: I agree.

        The Bailiff: What’s the trial deadline?

        [Prosecutor]: You know, the original trial deadline is going to kind of be tolled in
        this case, because all of our time since the first pretrial has been tolled, either
        through continuance motions or competency. I also believe [Mr. Vanscoy’s
        counsel] will agree to time once we arrive at a date.

        [Mr. Vanscoy’s counsel]: I do.

        The Bailiff: Sometime in January will be okay?

        [Mr. Vanscoy’s counsel]: Yes.

        The Bailiff: How about Thursday January 10th?

        [Prosecutor]: Yes.

        [Mr. Vanscoy’s counsel]: That’s good.

        The Bailiff: Thursday, January 10th for a trial date at 9 a.m., with a final pretrial
        – we’re going to do the final pretrial December 17th.

        The Court: [Mr. Vanscoy’s counsel], are you okay with those dates?

        ***

        [Mr. Vanscoy’s counsel]: Yes, I’m okay with that.

        ***

        [Prosecutor]: I’m sorry, before we do that, just for the record, I believe counsel –
        and I don’t think it is a problem because of the continuances, but I believe counsel
        is prepared to agree this is within time.

        The Court: He already did.

        [Prosecutor]: He said he would before we got the dates. I may have missed that
        part.
                                                  6


       [Mr. Vanscoy’s counsel]: We’re good. We’re good.

While the State contends the above conversation demonstrates waiver, we conclude that this

block of time more appropriately fits within tolling under the statute.

       {¶12} R.C. 2945.72(H) tolls speedy trial time for “[t]he period of any continuance

granted on the accused’s own motion, and the period of any reasonable continuance granted

other than upon the accused’s own motion[.]” Concerning similar situations, the Supreme Court

has stated that, “[w]hen a trial date is set beyond the time limits of R.C. 2945.71 and the accused

does not acquiesce in that date but merely fails to object to that date, the trial court’s action does

not constitute a continuance pursuant to R.C. 2945.72(H).” State v. McRae, 55 Ohio St.2d 149,

152 (1978). “However, the trial court has the discretion to extend the time limits of R.C.

2945.71 where counsel for the accused voluntarily agrees to a trial date beyond the statutory time

limits.” Id. “Moreover, the trial court’s exercise of that discretion constitutes a continuance

granted other than upon the accused’s own motion under the second clause of R.C. 2945.72(H),

and, as long as that continuance is reasonable, it extends the time limits of R.C. 2945.71 and does

not deny an accused the right to a speedy trial.” Id. at 153; see also Ramey, 132 Ohio St.3d 309,

2012-Ohio-2904, at ¶ 28 (“When a trial court exercises its discretion to continue the period for

trial beyond the statutory limit, the continuance is entered under the second clause of subsection

(H) and, therefore, the period of continuance must be reasonable.”).              “Whether such a

continuance is reasonable must be affirmatively demonstrated in some manner in the trial court.”

McRae at 153.

       {¶13} Ideally, when granting a continuance under the second half of R.C. 2945.72(H),

“‘the trial court must enter the order of continuance and the reasons therefor by journal entry

prior to the expiration of the time limit prescribed in R.C. 2945.71 for bringing a defendant to
                                                7


trial.’” Ramey at ¶ 32, quoting State v. Mincy, 2 Ohio St.3d 6 (1982), syllabus. If the trial court

imperfectly handles continuances under R.C. 2945.72(H), then the appellate court “may affirm a

conviction challenged on speedy-trial grounds even if the trial court did not expressly enumerate

any reasons justifying the delay when the reasonableness of the continuance is otherwise

affirmatively demonstrated by the record.” Ramey at ¶ 33.

       {¶14} In the instant matter the trial court entered an order filed on October 22, 2012,

indicating that the final pretrial was scheduled for December 17, 2012, and trial was set for

January 10, 2013. However, the trial court did not specify any reasons for continuing the trial

past the speedy trial deadline in that entry. We note that, while the pretrial date, when taking

into account the prior tolling events, would have been within the speedy-trial time, the trial date

of January 10, 2013, would have been outside that time, even when taking into account other

tolling events.   Trial counsel acquiesced to the trial date and therefore the trial court had

discretion to extend the trial date beyond the statutory time limit under the second clause of R.C.

2945.72(H), if the continuance was reasonable as affirmatively demonstrated by the record. Id.

       {¶15} As reflected in the exchange above, the record indicates that the trial court’s

exercise of its discretion to set the trial in January was reasonable.        The content of the

conversation reflects that plea negotiations were ongoing, and defense counsel was actively

participating in the effort to set a trial date amenable to counsel’s schedule. Mr. Vanscoy’s

counsel did not simply sit by and fail to object to setting the trial in January and, thus, was not

the passive recipient of a directive of the trial court; instead, the record evidences that Mr.

Vanscoy’s counsel actively participated in the scheduling and ultimately agreed to setting the

trial at that time. Thus, in the light of the content of the conversations occurring at the October

15, 2012 pretrial, we conclude that the period of continuance was reasonable as affirmatively
                                                8


demonstrated by the record, and, thus, the time for speedy trial was tolled between October 15,

2012 and January 14, 2013.

       {¶16} A January 10, 2013 entry of the trial court reflects that, on January 9, 2013, Mr.

Vanscoy’s counsel requested that the January 10, 2013 trial date be vacated and that a status

conference be set for January 14, 2013. Mr. Vanscoy’s counsel’s motion was granted. Mr.

Vanscoy concedes that period of time is chargeable him. We agree, particularly considering that

Mr. Vanscoy’s counsel’s motion would seem to be a request for a continuance. See R.C.

2945.72(H) (providing tolling for “[t]he period of any continuance granted on the accused’s own

motion”); see also State v. Stamps, 127 Ohio App.3d 219, 224 (1st Dist.1998) (“[A]n explanation

for a continuance in a journal entry is not necessary, though certainly recommended, when a

continuance is requested by and granted to a defendant.”).

       {¶17} Despite that motion for a continuance, Mr. Vanscoy asserts that the time period

between January 14, 2013 and February 25, 2013, was chargeable to the State. It appears that at

the January 14, 2013 status conference, a pretrial was scheduled for February 25, 2013, and trial

was set for March 7, 2013. While there is no transcript of that conference, an entry dated

January 14, 2013, and filed January 17, 2013, states that, “[u]pon agreement of the parties, the

above matter is hereby scheduled for a final pretrial Feb 25, 2013[,] and a trial March 7, 2013.”

This could be viewed as a sua sponte continuance by the trial court covered by the second half of

R.C. 2945.72(H). As noted above, “the trial court has the discretion to extend the time limits of

R.C. 2945.71 where counsel for the accused voluntarily agrees to a trial date beyond the statutory

time limits.” McRae, 55 Ohio St.2d at 152-153. “[T]he trial court’s exercise of that discretion

constitutes a continuance granted other than upon the accused’s own motion under the second

clause of R.C. 2945.72(H), and, as long as that continuance is reasonable, it extends the time
                                                  9


limits of R.C. 2945.71[.]” (Internal quotations and citations omitted.) Id.         That time period

could be viewed as a “period of delay necessitated by reason of * * * motion * * * made or

instituted by the accused[.]” See R.C. 2945.72(E); see also State v. George, 12th Dist. Butler

No. CA83-04-034, 1984 WL 3319, *2-*3 (Apr. 30, 1984); State v. Marbury, 192 Ohio App.3d

210, 2011-Ohio-879, ¶ 14-15 (2d Dist.); Marbury at ¶ 23 (Grady, P.J., concurring) (“When a

period of delay resulting from a continuance follows and has an apparent connection with a

motion or other action of the accused, the presumption of regularity creates a corresponding

presumption that the period of delay was ‘necessitated’ for purposes of R.C. 2945.72(E).”). In

other words, had Mr. Vanscoy not moved to vacate the January 10, 2013 trial date and requested

the January 14, 2013 status conference, there would be no need for the February 25, 2013 pretrial

or the March 7, 2013 trial date. In addition, the trial court’s journal entry reflects that the parties

agreed to the dates set forth in the January 17, 2013 entry. Given the circumstances surrounding

this time frame that are evident in the record, we conclude that time was tolled between January

14, 2013 to February 25, 2013.

       {¶18} Mr. Vanscoy concedes that the time from February 25, 2013 until March 4, 2013,

is properly charged to him due to the continuance of the scheduled pretrial.

       {¶19} On March 4, 2013, a pretrial was held at which both the State and Mr. Vanscoy

jointly moved for a continuance of the trial date due to the unavailability of a witness. An agreed

trial date of April 16, 2013, was set and a final pretrial was scheduled for April 8, 2013. In

addition, Mr. Vanscoy’s counsel agreed with the State that the trial date “is within time.” Mr.

Vanscoy also concedes that this time frame is properly charged to him.

       {¶20} On April 8, 2013, the record reflects that Mr. Vanscoy’s counsel failed to appear

for the pretrial, necessitating that it be rescheduled until April 12, 2013. Mr. Vanscoy concedes
                                               10


that this time is properly charged to him. The entry related to the April 12, 2013 pretrial

provides that Mr. Vanscoy’s counsel was replaced with new counsel. While the entry does not

provide a reason, the transcript of the hearing indicates that Mr. Vanscoy’s counsel again failed

to appear, and the trial court offered Mr. Vanscoy new counsel while informing him that doing

so would require that the proceedings be further delayed. Mr. Vanscoy agreed to have new

counsel appointed. A status call was thus scheduled for April 22, 2013, and the April 16, 2013

trial date was vacated. The transcript indicates that the trial and pretrial were being postponed

because “the defendant’s lawyer did not show up and we can’t go to trial without him.” Mr.

Vanscoy concedes that the time from April 12, 2013 to April 22, 2013 is properly charged to

him.

       {¶21} Mr. Vanscoy next challenges the period of time from April 22, 2013 to May 23,

2013, the date Mr. Vanscoy filed his motion to dismiss. This period amounts to 31 days. Even

assuming that this time was not tolled, as only 19 days had passed for purposes of speedy trial up

until this point, we cannot say that the trial court erred when it denied Mr. Vanscoy’s motion to

dismiss on May 28, 2013. See Stevens, 2012-Ohio-4095, at ¶ 12 (noting the time period between

when motion to dismiss is filed and when it was ruled upon is tolled).

       {¶22} While Mr. Vanscoy also mentions his constitutional right to a speedy trial in brief

on appeal, he has not developed any separate argument related to that issue. Thus, that argument

is overruled on that basis. See App.R. 16(A)(7). Mr. Vanscoy’s first assignment of error is

overruled.

                                 ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II

       THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE AND PLAIN ERROR
       WHEN IT ORDERED VANSCOY TO HAVE “NO CONTACT” WITH THE
       VICTIM.
                                                  11


       {¶23}      Mr. Vanscoy asserts in his second assignment of error that the trial court erred in

ordering Mr. Vanscoy to have no contact with the victim in its sentencing entry when Mr.

Vanscoy was never informed of that provision at the sentencing hearing.

       {¶24} Assuming without deciding that the trial court had the authority to order Mr.

Vanscoy to not have contact with the victim, see State v. Anderson, 9th Dist. Summit No. 26640,

2014-Ohio-1206, ¶ 39,1 because the trial court failed to inform Mr. Vanscoy of the no-contact

provision at sentencing, the trial court could not impose such a requirement in its sentencing

entry. Pursuant to Crim.R. 43(A), “the defendant must be physically present at every stage of the

criminal proceeding and trial, including the impaneling of the jury, the return of the verdict, and

the imposition of sentence[.]” Thus, a trial court cannot impose a sentence that was not ordered

at the sentencing hearing. See State v. Joseph, 125 Ohio St.3d 76, 2010-Ohio-954, ¶ 22. Thus,

we vacate the portion of the sentencing entry that ordered Mr. Vanscoy not to have contact with

the victim. The State concedes that a no-contact provision is not a mandatory portion of the

sentence and, thus, does not seek resentencing.

                                                  III.

       {¶25} The portion of Mr. Vanscoy’s sentencing entry that imposes a no-contact order is

vacated, and the remainder of the judgment of the Summit County Court of Common Pleas is

affirmed.

                                                                          Judgment affirmed in part,
                                                                               and vacated in part.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.


       1
           But see Anderson at ¶ 46-58 (Belfance, P.J., concurring in part, and dissenting in part).
                                                12


       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellant.




                                                     EVE V. BELFANCE
                                                     FOR THE COURT



HENSAL, J.
CONCURS.

MOORE, P. J.
CONCURS IN JUDGMENT ONLY.


APPEARANCES:

NEIL P. AGARWAL, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and HEAVEN DIMARTINO, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.
