                             2015 IL App (2d) 140970
                                   No. 2-14-0970
                          Opinion filed December 23, 2015
______________________________________________________________________________

                                            IN THE

                             APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

                              SECOND DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________

DEUTSCHE BANK NATIONAL TRUST                  ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
COMPANY, as Trustee of the Indymac INDX       ) of Du Page County.
Mortgage Trust 2007-AR17, Mortgage Pass-      )
Through Certificates, Series 2007-AR17 Under  )
the Pooling and Servicing Agreement Dated     )
June 1, 2007,                                 )
                                              )
       Plaintiff,                             )
                                              )
v.                                            ) No. 12-CH-5323
                                              )
STEVE IVICIC, THE UNITED STATES OF )
AMERICA, and WOODCREEK OF                     )
CLARENDON HILLS CONDOMINIUM                   )
ASSOCIATION, INC.,                            )
                                              )
       Defendants                             )
                                              ) Honorable
(Law Offices of Ira T. Nevel, LLC, Appellant; ) Robert G. Gibson,
Steve Dweydari, Intervenor-Appellee).         ) Judge, Presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________

       PRESIDING JUSTICE SCHOSTOK delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
       Justices Jorgensen and Spence concurred in the judgment and opinion.

                                           OPINION

¶1     This case arises from a mortgage foreclosure action. After the property was sold at a

sheriff’s sale, the plaintiff, Deutsche Bank National Trust Company, filed a motion in the circuit

court of Du Page County to vacate the sale. The trial court granted the motion. Steve Dweydari,

the high bidder at the sheriff’s sale, then filed motions (1) to intervene; (2) to reconsider the
2015 IL App (2d) 140970


order vacating the sale; and (3) for sanctions against the plaintiff’s attorneys, the Law Offices of

Ira T. Nevel (Nevel), for filing a false pleading. The trial court denied Dweydari’s motions to

intervene and to reconsider its prior order. However, the trial court granted Dweydari’s motion

for sanctions. Nevel appeals from that order. For the reasons that follow, we reverse.

¶2                                      BACKGROUND

¶3      On November 2, 2012, the plaintiff filed a complaint to foreclose a mortgage against the

defendants, Steve Ivicic, the United States of America (which had a tax lien on the property), and

Woodcreek of Clarendon Hills Condominium Association, Inc. (Woodcreek). On February 13,

2013, after the trial court entered judgment against the United States, and after Ivicic and

Woodcreek defaulted, the trial court entered a judgment of foreclosure in the plaintiff’s favor. A

sheriff’s sale was scheduled for June 4, 2013. However, the June 4, 2013, sheriff’s sale never

took place as it was canceled by the plaintiff just before the sale. The sale was eventually

rescheduled.

¶4      On January 23, 2014, the property was sold at a sheriff’s sale to Dweydari. He bid one

dollar over the plaintiff’s opening bid of $112,500.

¶5      On January 28, 2014, the plaintiff filed a motion to vacate the sale. In its motion, the

plaintiff stated:

                “In preparation for the January 23, 2014 sale, Plaintiff submitted publication

        notices and other documents concerning the originally-set June 4, 2013 sale.

        Accordingly, the amount due pursuant to the judgment and proof that notice of the sale

        was given in accordance with 735 ILCS 5/15-1507 were not accurate.”

The plaintiff further asserted that, pursuant to Household Bank, FSB v. Lewis, 229 Ill. 2d 173,

181 (2008), a plaintiff is ordinarily the master of its cause of action and therefore is entitled to



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vacate a sale prior to the trial court’s confirmation of that sale. On February 7, 2014, the trial

court granted the plaintiff’s motion to vacate the sale.

¶6      On March 3, 2014, Dweydari filed a motion to intervene and a motion to reconsider the

order vacating the January 23, 2014, sheriff’s sale. Dweydari asserted that he should be allowed

to intervene to protect his interests as the successful bidder at the sheriff’s sale. He also argued

that the sale should not have been vacated, because “mere inadequacy of price is not a sufficient

reason to disturb a judicial sale.”

¶7      On March 7, 2014, at a status hearing, the plaintiff indicated that its justification for

vacating the sale was that the documents it submitted for the sale were related to the canceled

June 4, 2013, sheriff’s sale, not the January 23, 2014, sheriff’s sale. The plaintiff indicated that

its desire to vacate the sale had “nothing to do with the sale price.”

¶8      On March 28, 2014, at a hearing on Dweydari’s motion to intervene and motion to

reconsider, the plaintiff indicated that some of the documents sent to the sheriff’s office in

anticipation of the January 23, 2014, sheriff’s sale were proper (the notice) but others were not

(the opening bid amount). In response, the trial court ordered the plaintiff to file a response to

Dweydari’s motion to reconsider. The trial court explained that it wanted to know the plaintiff’s

actual justification for seeking to vacate the sheriff’s sale.

¶9      On April 4, 2014, the plaintiff filed a response, attaching a copy of the bid package for

the canceled June 4, 2013, sheriff’s sale that the plaintiff erroneously sent for the January 23,

2014, sale.

¶ 10    On April 9, 2014, Dweydari filed a motion for sanctions against the plaintiff pursuant to

Illinois Supreme Court Rule 137 (eff. July 1, 2013). Dweydari asserted that the plaintiff had

given contradictory justifications for vacating the sale. He argued that the plaintiff’s abuse of the



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2015 IL App (2d) 140970


judicial process had caused him to incur needless attorney fees, including those to prepare and

file a response to the plaintiff’s “frivolous motion to vacate the sale.” He asserted that, because

the plaintiff’s motion to vacate was not grounded in fact or law, he should be awarded attorney

fees of $4,500.

¶ 11   On April 17, 2014, following a hearing, the trial court denied both Dweydari’s motion to

intervene and his motion to reconsider. The trial court explained that it had properly granted the

plaintiff’s motion to vacate the sale, because the plaintiff had presented sufficient evidence that it

“came in with a bid from a prior Sheriff’s Sale, didn’t update that bid; and, ultimately, the bid

was lower than what should have been made.” The trial court scheduled Dweydari’s motion for

sanctions for a hearing on May 29, 2014.

¶ 12   On May 8, 2014, the plaintiff filed a response to Dweydari’s motion for sanctions. The

plaintiff argued that, since the trial court had denied Dweydari’s motion to intervene, he was not

a party to the case and therefore was not entitled to sanctions. The plaintiff further argued that

certain documents related to a foreclosure are filed in the clerk’s office but are not necessarily

filed with the sheriff’s office. Thus, its assertion that the proper documents had not been

submitted to the sheriff’s office was not contradicted by the fact that the proper documents were

in the clerk’s file. Thus, its motion to vacate the sale did not contain a false assertion.

¶ 13   On May 29, 2014, the trial court conducted a hearing on Dweyardi’s motion. The trial

court sua sponte reconsidered its April 17, 2014, order. The trial court entered a written order

providing that its prior order was “hereby amended nunc pro tunc thereby granting Steve

Dweydari leave to intervene.” The trial court then granted Dweydari’s motion for sanctions.

The trial court explained that the plaintiff’s initial justification for vacating the sale was that the

publication notice was improper.        However, a review of the court file indicated that the



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2015 IL App (2d) 140970


publication notice was fine. The trial court found that this constituted a frivolous pleading,

warranting the imposition of sanctions against Nevel. The trial court then set the matter for a

prove-up.

¶ 14     On July 11, 2014, the trial court imposed as a sanction against Nevel and in favor of

Dweydari the amount of attorney fees incurred by Dweydari, $4,500. Nevel subsequently filed a

motion to reconsider. Following the denial of its motion to reconsider, Nevel filed a timely

notice of appeal.

¶ 15                                       ANALYSIS

¶ 16     Nevel’s first contention on appeal is that the trial court erred when it sua sponte

reconsidered and changed its decision so as to allow Dweydari to intervene in the proceedings.

The plaintiff argues that the trial court improperly used a nunc pro tunc order to alter its prior

order.

¶ 17     The purpose of a nunc pro tunc order is “ ‘to supply some omission in the record of an

order which was really made but omitted from the record.’ ” Gill v. Gill, 56 Ill. 2d 139, 142

(1973) (quoting People v. Rosenwald, 266 Ill. 548, 554 (1915)). It does not alter the actual

judgment of the court. Dauderman v. Dauderman, 130 Ill. App. 2d 807, 809 (1970). Rather, “it

merely corrects inadvertent omissions from the judgment order, and should not be entered if the

omission is the result of either a deliberate decision by the judge or relates to an issue that was

not presented to the judge.” Z.R.L. Corp. v. Great Central Insurance Co., 201 Ill. App. 3d 843,

845 (1990). Upon a motion for a nunc pro tunc order, “ ‘[t]he court is not called on to construe

the judgment, but only to enter of record such judgment as was formerly rendered and not

entered of record as rendered.’ ” (Emphasis omitted.) In re Marriage of Breslow, 306 Ill. App.

3d 41, 53-54 (1999) (quoting 49 C.J.S. Judgments § 128a, at 201 (1997)). A nunc pro tunc order



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2015 IL App (2d) 140970


must be based on some note, memorandum, or memorial in the record indicating that the

omission was an inadvertent clerical error. Z.R.L. Corp., 201 Ill. App. 3d at 845. Any document

in the record may serve as evidence of the inadvertent nature of the omission, including hearing

transcripts, but the evidence must be definite and certain. Id.

¶ 18   There are many examples that illustrate the difference between clerical errors, which may

be corrected nunc pro tunc, and judicial errors, which may not be corrected nunc pro tunc. For

example, in Brody v. Hess, 75 Ill. App. 3d 402, 403-04 (1979), the parties to a divorce decree

had agreed to a joint waiver of alimony, and the trial court failed to incorporate this waiver into

the decree. The reviewing court found that the trial court could properly amend the decree nunc

pro tunc to reflect the parties’ joint waiver because the prove-up proceedings established that the

parties had agreed to the waiver and that the failure to incorporate the waiver was strictly a

clerical or scrivener’s error. Id. at 404. Similarly, in Dauderman, the trial court amended the

parties’ divorce decree to read “$400.00 per month” rather than “$400.00.” As the appellate

court explained, the failure to include the words “per month” was clearly an inadvertent clerical

or scrivener’s error because the award did not match the decree absent the language “per month.”

Dauderman, 130 Ill. App. 2d at 809-10. Moreover, in Johnson v. First National Bank of Park

Ridge, V/T #205, 123 Ill. App. 3d 823, 828 (1984), the trial court amended the judgment entered

against “ ‘First National Bank of Park Ridge’ ” to provide that the judgment was entered against

“ ‘First National Bank of Park Ridge [as trustee under trust No.] 205.’ ” All the other documents

in the case listed the bank as the trustee, and thus the trial court’s failure to list the bank as the

trustee in the judgment was an inadvertent clerical or scrivener’s error.

¶ 19   An example of an improper nunc pro tunc order is one that reverses a court’s prior

decision. See Beck v. Stepp, 144 Ill. 2d 232, 238 (1991) (trial court improperly used nunc pro



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2015 IL App (2d) 140970


tunc order to deny motion for summary judgment after it had previously granted it), abrogated

on other grounds, Kingbrook, Inc. v. Pupurs, 202 Ill. 2d 24, 30-31 (2002).

¶ 20   Here, the trial court did not seek to correct an omission from its April 17, 2014, order.

Rather, the trial court sought to change its order by granting a motion that it had previously

denied. That was improper. See id.; Dauderman, 130 Ill. App. 2d at 810. Thus the trial court’s

nunc pro tunc order was not valid.

¶ 21   Dweydari points out that, when the trial court entered the nunc pro tunc order, it

explained that the clear implication of the overall record was that it had granted the motion to

intervene; otherwise there would have been no point in considering Dweydari’s motion for

sanctions. However, when reviewing a trial court’s clear written order, it is not appropriate to

consider the trial court’s subjective intentions when it entered that order. See 46 Am. Jur. 2d

Judgments § 141 (2006) (“a nunc pro tunc order is not appropriate to rescue subjective judicial

intentions when a judge failed in any way to act on those intentions in entering judgment”).

Rather, where the order is clear, the trial court may not use a nunc pro tunc order to alter that

order. Dauderman, 130 Ill. App. 2d at 810.

¶ 22   Because the trial court had not granted his motion to intervene, the trial court could not

use a nunc pro tunc order to make Dweydari a party to the proceedings. Therefore, he was not

entitled to any attorney fees pursuant to Rule 137. See In re Marriage of Petrik, 2012 IL App

(2d) 110495, ¶ 34 (Rule 137 is inapplicable to nonparties).

¶ 23   That said, we acknowledge that the trial court had the inherent authority to reconsider its

ruling on Dweydari’s motion to intervene. See Stevens v. Village of Oak Brook, 2013 IL App

(2d) 120456, ¶ 37. To the extent that the trial court effectively did so, it still erred in awarding

him sanctions. Rule 137 provides in relevant part:



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2015 IL App (2d) 140970


       “Every pleading, motion and other document of a party represented by an attorney shall

       be signed by at least one attorney of record in his individual name, whose address shall

       be stated. *** The signature of an attorney or party constitutes a certificate by him that

       he has read the pleading, motion or other document; that to the best of his knowledge,

       information, and belief formed after reasonable inquiry it is well grounded in fact and is

       warranted by existing law or a good-faith argument for the extension, modification, or

       reversal of existing law, and that it is not interposed for any improper purpose, such as to

       harass or to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation. *** If

       a pleading, motion, or other document is signed in violation of this rule, the court, upon

       motion or upon its own initiative, may impose upon the person who signed it, a

       represented party, or both, an appropriate sanction, which may include an order to pay to

       the other party or parties the amount of reasonable expenses incurred because of the filing

       of the pleading, motion or other document, including a reasonable attorney fee.” Ill. S.

       Ct. R. 137 (eff. July 1, 2013).

¶ 24   Because Rule 137 is penal, it must be strictly construed, with each element of a violation

specifically proved. In re Estate of J.M., 287 Ill. App. 3d 110, 116 (1997). When a party asks

that Rule 137 sanctions be imposed, that party bears the burden of proof. Yassin v. Certified

Grocers of Illinois, Inc., 133 Ill. 2d 458, 467 (1990). The party moving for sanctions must show

that the opposing party made false allegations without reasonable cause. In re Estate of Wernick,

127 Ill. 2d 61, 77 (1989). The trial court must decide whether the allegations were warranted by

existing law or a good-faith argument for a change in existing law, or whether the allegations

were merely meant to harass or unduly delay the proceedings. Casey v. Jerry Yusim Nissan, Inc.,

296 Ill. App. 3d 102, 107 (1998). When determining the reasonableness of the allegations, the



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trial court must also consider whether they were material to the cause. First of America Trust

Co. v. First Illini Bancorp, Inc., 289 Ill. App. 3d 276, 289 (1997). The attorney’s conduct must

be assessed by an objective standard; subjective good faith is not sufficient. Burrows v. Pick,

306 Ill. App. 3d 1048, 1051 (1999).

¶ 25   A trial court’s determination is afforded considerable deference, but it does not preclude a

reviewing court from independently reviewing the record and finding an abuse of discretion if

the facts warrant. Pritzker v. Drake Tower Apartments, Inc., 283 Ill. App. 3d 587, 590 (1996).

When reviewing a decision on a motion for sanctions, the primary consideration is whether the

decision was informed, was based on valid reasoning, and follows logically from the facts.

Thomas Hake Enterprises, Inc. v. Betke, 301 Ill. App. 3d 176, 182 (1998).

¶ 26   Here, in its motion to vacate the sale, the plaintiff essentially alleged that it had made a

mistake. The plaintiff also pointed out that under the controlling law (Household Bank, 229 Ill.

2d at 181) it was the master of its cause of action and therefore had the right to vacate the sale.

Based on those allegations, the trial court properly granted the motion to vacate the sale. 1 The

trial court therefore abused its discretion in sanctioning Nevel for filing the motion. To hold

otherwise would frustrate the purpose of Rule 137, which provides that only those who file



       1
           A review of the record reveals that the trial court was concerned about the nature of the

plaintiff’s mistake because it did not believe that a bank has an absolute right to vacate a sale.

While maintaining that it does have an absolute right under Household Bank, the plaintiff

indicated that it would exercise that right sparingly, otherwise “[n]o one would ever bid at our

sales.” Based on the posture of this case, we need not address whether a bank has an absolute

right to vacate a sale, because here the plaintiff did have proper grounds to vacate the sale.



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frivolous or false pleadings should be sanctioned. Dunn v. Patterson, 395 Ill. App. 3d 914, 923-

24 (2009).

¶ 27      In so ruling, we reject Dweydari’s argument that Nevel should be sanctioned for giving

the trial court conflicting explanations as to why the plaintiff wanted to vacate the sale. Verbal

misstatements are not a ground for sanctions under Rule 137. See Ibe v. Lee, 264 Ill. App. 3d

800, 806 (1993) (“Rule 137 only concerns written documents ***.”).

¶ 28      Dweydari further argues that, because the plaintiff gave various explanations of the

nature of its mistake, the trial court was forced to conduct additional proceedings to determine

the real reason why the plaintiff wanted to vacate the sale, and Dweydari was forced to incur

additional legal fees. Even if Rule 137 applied to verbal misstatements, Dweydari’s argument

would still be baseless. First, Dweydari’s status as the high bidder at the sale did not necessarily

give him the right to contest the plaintiff’s motion to vacate. See Household Bank, 229 Ill. 2d at

181 (being the highest bidder at a judicial sale does not confer on the bidder any legally

cognizable interest in the property). Thus, any costs he incurred to determine why the plaintiff

wanted to vacate the sale were incurred voluntarily and he is not entitled to reimbursement of his

attorney fees. Moreover, the “real reason” why the plaintiff wanted to vacate the sale was not

material, as evidenced by the fact that the trial court granted the motion to vacate and denied the

motion to reconsider. As the real reason was not material, the trial court should have also denied

Dweydari’s motion for sanctions on that basis. See First of America Trust Co., 289 Ill. App. 3d

at 289.

¶ 29                                     CONCLUSION

¶ 30      For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Du Page County is

reversed.



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2015 IL App (2d) 140970


¶ 31   Reversed.




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