                     In the Missouri Court of Appeals
                             Eastern District
                                        DIVISION ONE

SHERIF AL-HAWAREY,                               )       No. ED101384
                                                 )
                   Respondent,                   )
                                                 )       Appeal from the Circuit Court of
                                                 )       St. Louis County
v.                                               )
                                                 )       Honorable Joseph L. Walsh
CINDY AL-HAWAREY                                 )
A/K/A CINDY ORTEGA,                              )
                                                 )
                   Appellant.                    )       Filed: January 27, 2015

           The mother, Cindy Ortega Al-Hawarey, appeals the judgment entered by the

Circuit Court of St. Louis County dismissing her motions to modify child-custody and

child-support and for temporary restraining order after the dissolution of marriage to the

father, Sherif Al-Hawarey, and the parties’ later modification. Because the judgment is

not a final appealable judgment, we dismiss the mother’s appeal.1

           The parties divorced in 2007 in Illinois, and the Illinois court modified the child-

custody and support provisions of the dissolution decree in 2011. After registering the

Illinois dissolution decree in Missouri, the mother filed a motion to modify the child-

custody and support provisions along with a motion for temporary restraining order to

prevent the father from relocating the children outside Missouri and from removing them

from the United States. The mother requested appointment of a guardian ad litem.


1
    We deny all pending motions.
       One year later, upon the motion of the guardian ad litem, the trial court dismissed

the mother’s motions because of the mother’s “failure to pay [guardian ad litem] fees

ordered by the Court, and other orders referred to in [m]otions to [d]ismiss previously

filed.” The mother had failed to comply with multiple court orders over the course of

several months in the present action. These included the trial court’s orders to pay the

$750 fee deposit to the guardian ad litem, to undergo a child-custody evaluation with the

childrens’ therapist, to attend parenting class, and to cooperate with the guardian ad litem

and to comply with his recommendations. The judgment did not specify whether the

dismissal was with or without prejudice. The mother appeals.

       Supreme Court Rule 67.03 allows the involuntary dismissal of a civil action based

on the plaintiff’s failure to comply with any court order. Rule 67.03 further provides that

“[a]ny involuntary dismissal shall be without prejudice unless the court in its order for

dismissal shall otherwise specify.” The judgment here did not specify whether the

dismissal was with or without prejudice. Thus, the trial court dismissed the mother’s

motions without prejudice.

       In every appeal, this Court must determine whether we have jurisdiction. Comm.

for Educ. Equal. v. State, 878 S.W.2d 446, 450 (Mo. banc 1994); Columbia Mut. Ins. Co.

v. Epstein, 200 S.W.3d 547, 549 (Mo. App. E.D. 2006). The general rule is that a

dismissal without prejudice is not a final judgment, and thus, is not appealable. Harlow

v. Harlow, 302 S.W.3d 154, 155 (Mo. App. E.D. 2009). A dismissal without prejudice

generally does not constitute a final judgment because it does not constitute an

adjudication on the merits. Id. A plaintiff typically is free to cure the dismissal by filing

another suit in the same court. Id. Here, the trial court’s dismissal did not reach the



                                              2
merits of the mother’s motions to modify and for temporary restraining order, and

nothing in the dismissal prevents the mother from re-filing her motions. We alerted the

parties to this issue prior to oral argument, and allowed the parties to submit

supplemental briefing on the question of our jurisdiction. Both parties acknowledged at

oral argument that the mother is free to re-file her motions.

         The mother points to the case of Markovitz v. Markovitz, 945 S.W.2d 598 (Mo.

App. E.D. 1997). In Markovitz, this Court held that only after a hearing could the trial

court dismiss the father’s motion to modify based on his failure to comply with prior

court orders concerning maintenance, child-support, and attorney fees. 945 S.W.2d at

599-600. The Court stated that “[w]hether a party is flouting the authority of the court or

is unable to comply with the order of the court is to be determined after hearing, not on

the basis of unproven allegations of a motion to dismiss.” Id. at 600.

         In her supplemental briefing, the mother contends that, as in Markovitz, where an

appellant argues that the record was insufficient to support a finding of noncompliance

warranting dismissal and that the trial court thus abused its discretion in ordering

dismissal, the appellate court may review such dismissal without prejudice. We

disagree. We cannot read the Markovitz opinion in such a fashion as to say that it holds

sub silentio, or implicitly, that we have jurisdiction to adjudicate an appeal of a trial

court’s dismissal without prejudice.2

         First, the Markovitz opinion does not clarify whether the dismissal was rendered

expressly with prejudice or expressly without prejudice or whether it was silent, in which

event dismissal occurred without prejudice pursuant to Rule 67.03. Furthermore, the

2
  “Sub silentio” is defined as “without notice being taken or without making a particular point of the matter
in question.” State v. Honeycutt, 421 S.W.3d 410, 422 (Mo. banc 2013)(quoting Webster’s Third New
International Dictionary 2279 (1976)).

                                                      3
Markovitz Court did not consider the finality of the trial court’s judgment and the

corresponding question of appellate jurisdiction. The principle of stare decisis—the

adherence to decided cases—promotes stability in the law by encouraging courts to

follow precedent. State v. Honeycutt, 421 S.W.3d 410, 422 (Mo. banc 2013). The

doctrine “‘applies only to decisions on points arising and decided in causes’ and does not

extend to mere implications from issues actually decided.” Id. (quoting Broadwater v.

Wabash R. Co., 110 S.W.1084, 1086 (Mo. 1908)).

       Our Supreme Court has professed a presumption against sub silentio holdings,

based not only on the general preference that courts adhere to precedent and overrule

earlier decisions expressly, but also because the implicit nature of a sub silentio holding

has no stare decisis effect and does not bind future decisions of the Court. Id. Thus,

stare decisis does not apply to implicit holdings of jurisdiction. If it did, it would mean

that any appellate court that exercised jurisdiction erroneously without explicitly

adjudicating the question of jurisdiction would thereafter bind future appellate courts, a

result that could cause appellate courts to have ever-expanding jurisdiction without even

having considered the question of jurisdiction. An application of stare decisis in this

fashion would permit a court to decide any case before it without having jurisdiction, a

result incompatible with promoting stability in the law. Consequently, we cannot

interpret Markovitz to implicitly hold that an appellate Court has jurisdiction to adjudicate

an appeal of a trial court’s dismissal without prejudice when nothing in the dismissal

prevents the appellant from re-filing her action.

       Rather, we follow the explicit precedent of Harlow v. Harlow. In that case, this

Court expressly dismissed the father’s appeal for lack of a final appealable judgment.



                                              4
  302 S.W.3d at 155. We concluded that the trial court's dismissal without prejudice did

  not reach the merits of the father's motion to modify child-custody provisions of a

  divorce decree, and nothing in the dismissal prevented the father from re-filing his

  motion in the same form. Id. at 155-56. Here, as in Harlow, nothing in the trial court's

  dismissal precludes the mother from filing a new motion to modify and motion for

  temporary restraining order and seeking judgment on the merits. Therefore, we hold that

  the trial court's dismissal is not a final appealable judgment.

         We only conclude that we lack jurisdiction because of the absence of a final

  appealable judgment. We do not conclude that a trial court may order the sanction of

  dismissal for a party's failure to comply with court orders without an evidentiary basis.

  The aggrieved party in such a case could seek relief via extraordinary writ rather than by

  direct appeal of a judgment that is not a final appealable judgment.

         We dismiss the mother's appeal.



                                        Qa/WWtx. ^"
                                         LAWRENCE E. MOONEY, PRESIDING JUDGE



CLIFFORD H. AHRENS, J., and
LISA VAN AMBURG, J., concur.
