                            STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

                          SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS


John Leyzorek, Douglas H. Bernier,
                                               FILED
and Charlotte W. Elza,                                                          June 27, 2014

                                                                            RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
Defendants Below, Petitioners                                             SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                              OF WEST VIRGINIA
vs) Nos. 13-1160, 13-1161, and 13-1182 (Pocahontas County 07-C-30)

Pocahontas County Solid Waste Authority,
Plaintiff Below, Respondent

                             MEMORANDUM DECISION

        In these consolidated appeals, petitioners, appearing pro se, appeal the October 18, 2013,
order of the Circuit Court of Pocahontas County that awarded respondent summary judgment on
its claims that petitioners owed past due “green box” fees. Respondent Pocahontas County Solid
Waste Authority, by counsel David A. Sims and Gregory R. Tingler, filed a response. Each
petitioner filed a reply.

        The Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

                        FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

       In 2007, respondent sued several Pocahontas County residents, including petitioners, for
non-payment of “green box” fees. The Mandatory Garbage Disposal Regulations (“MGDR’s”) 1
for Pocahontas County provided, in pertinent part, as follows:

       Section 4.     MANDATORY DISPOSAL

       4.2	    Each person owning a residence in Pocahontas County shall either
               subscribe to and use a solid waste collection service operating in
               Pocahontas County and pay the fees established therefor or in lieu thereof

               pay the Green Box fee and use the green boxes provided by the Pocahontas

       1
         Because respondent sued for unpaid “green box” fees from 2001 through 2006, the
relevant MGDR’s were those that became effective in 1995.

                                                1

                County Solid Waste Authority.

        *	      *       *

        Section 6.      WAIVER OF FEE

        6.1	    The Green Box fee will be waived by the Pocahontas County Solid Waste
                Authority if the recipient of the bill provides proof to the authority by way
                of a receipt from a private hauler, who is operating in Pocahontas County,
                that their garbage is being picked up by a private hauler. A receipt must be
                provided for each month.

        Because of the number of defendants involved in the case, respondent did not move for
summary judgment with regard to petitioners until 2012. Pertinent to these appeals, the circuit
court heard the parties’ arguments at hearings occurring on December 12, 2012, and March 27,
2013. On October 18, 2013, the circuit court awarded respondent summary judgment in the
following amounts: (1) a judgment against Petitioner Bernier for $49 in unpaid “green box” fees
for 2006, plus $150 in statutory penalties, plus costs and pre- and post-judgment interest; (2) a
judgment against Petitioner Leyzorek for $498 in unpaid “green box” fees for 2001 through 2006,
plus $900 in statutory penalties, plus costs and pre- and post-judgment interest; and (3) a judgment
against Petitioner Elza for $498 in unpaid “green box” fees for 2001 through 2006, plus $900 in
statutory penalties, plus costs and pre- and post-judgment interest. Petitioners appeal the circuit
court’s October 18, 2013, order to this Court.

                                            DISCUSSION

      WHETHER SUMMARY JUDGMENT FOR RESPONDENT WAS APPROPRIATE

        In Syllabus Point 1 of Painter v. Peavy, 192 W.Va. 189, 451 S.E.2d 755 (1994), this Court
held that “[a] circuit court’s entry of summary judgment is reviewed de novo.” Pursuant to Rule
56(c) of the West Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure, summary judgment is proper when “there is
no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a
matter of law.” Furthermore, “[s]ummary judgment is appropriate where the record taken as a
whole could not lead a rational trier of fact to find for the nonmoving party[.]” Syl. Pt. 4, in part, Id.
at 190, 451 S.E.2d at 756.

        On appeal, petitioner raises a myriad of challenges to respondent’s authority to assess and
collect the “green box” fee. Respondent counters that a mandatory service fee for the collection of
refuse has been upheld in both City of Princeton v. Stamper, 195 W.Va. 685, 466 S.E.2d 536
(1995), and an earlier Pocahontas County case where, in Supreme Court No. 070195, this Court
refused Petitioner Bernier’s appeal of the circuit court’s September 12, 2006, order that awarded
respondent a judgment against him for unpaid “green box” fees for 2001 through 2005.2
        2
         The doctrine of res judicata does not bar Petitioner Bernier’s appeal because the prior
case and the instant case cover different time periods. The doctrine of collateral estoppel would
                                                2

        First, petitioners state that they do not use respondent’s green boxes to dispose of their
trash and assert that because they utilize alternative methods of disposal such as composting,
recycling, and taking garbage to the landfill on the “free day” pursuant to West Virginia Code §
22-15-7, they do not have to pay the fee.3 We squarely addressed this issue in Stamper where we
clarified “so that there is no misunderstanding as to the effect of this decision, even when a resident
satisfies all of the prerequisites established within the Ordinance that would permit the private
collection and disposal of refuse, the use of this alternative method of collection and disposal does
not excuse the non-payment of the refuse service fee.” 195 W.Va. at 690, 466 S.E.2d at 541. This
is because “[a]n ordinance imposing a mandatory service fee on the collection and removal of
residential refuse regardless of actual use, in order to prevent a health menace from imperiling an
entire community, is a reasonable and valid exercise of the police powers[.]” Syl. Pt. 2, in part, Id.
at 686, 466 S.E.2d at 537 (Emphasis added.). Therefore, we reject petitioners’ first assignment of
error.

        Second, petitioners argue that, unlike the municipality in Stamper, a county does not have
the same authority to enact a mandatory service fee for the collection of refuse. The Court finds
this argument meritless because it is within the State’s inherent authority to delegate its police
power to both “counties and municipalities.” Butler v. Tucker, 187 W.Va. 145, 151 n. 9, 416
S.E.2d 262, 268 n. 9 (1992). The Court notes that when it created county and regional solid waste
authorities, the Legislature stated that its purpose was to “protect the public health and welfare.”

constitute an alternative ground for affirming the circuit court’s judgment in the instant case with
regard to Petitioner Bernier because he was also a defendant in the prior case. See Syl. Pt. 4, Abadir
v. Dellinger, 227 W.Va. 388, 709 S.E.2d 743 (2011) (requirements for collateral estoppel).
However, because the circuit court properly granted summary judgment in the instant case, see
infra, we need not address the issue.
       3
          Under the MGDR’s that became effective in December of 2006, use of the “free day”
pursuant to West Virginia Code § 22-15-7 was added to Section 6.1 as permitting the waiver of the
“green box” fee. Even before the new MGDR’s went into effect, it appears that respondent waived
the fee provided that the resident produced receipts showing that he utilized the “free day” every
month in a fee period. Petitioner Bernier argues that proof of “free day” utilization for every month
in a fee period was not required by West Virginia Code § 22C-4-10 until its amendment in 2007
and asserts that he has proof that he used the “free day” at least one month in the six-month period
from July to December of 2006. A February 8, 2013, letter from respondent reflects that
respondent denied Petitioner Bernier a waiver for that six-month period because there was no
proof that Petitioner Bernier utilized the “free day” every month of that period. While Petitioner
Bernier disagrees with respondent’s interpretation of West Virginia Code § 22C-4-10 before it was
amended, because the Legislature invested respondent with rule-making authority under West
Virginia Code §§ 22C-4-1 to -30, this Court defers to respondent’s interpretation that proof of
“free day” utilization for every month in a fee period was required. See Syl. Pt. 7, Lincoln Cnty. Bd.
of Educ. v. Adkins, 188 W.Va. 430, 424 S.E.2d 775 (1992) (“Interpretations of statutes by bodies
charged with their administration are given great weight unless clearly erroneous.”) (Internal
quotations and citations omitted.).

                                                  3

W.Va. Code § 22C-4-1.

        Third, petitioners assert that they are being deprived of equal protection of the laws
because they are required to pay a fee for a service they do not use. In Wetzel County Solid Waste
Authority v. West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, 195 W.Va. 1, 462 S.E.2d 349 (1995),
this Court indicated fees with regard to waste disposal implicate only economic rights and,
therefore, held that such regulation is accorded considerable deference. See Syl. Pt. 4, Id. at 2, 462
S.E.2d at 350. Therefore, in light of this deference, we find that our holding in Stamper disposes of
petitioners’ equal protection claim because a mandatory service fee for the collection of refuse,
regardless of actual use, “is a reasonable and valid exercise of the police powers[.]” Syl. Pt. 2, in
part, Id. at 686, 466 S.E.2d at 537.

         Fourth, petitioners argue that the “green box” fee at issue in the instant case constitutes an
impermissible tax under the West Virginia Constitution. See W.Va. Const., art. 5, § 1 (separation
of powers) and art. 10, § 1 (equal and uniform taxation). In Wetzel County Solid Waste Authority,
the Court noted that county and regional solid waste authorities have a duty to develop a
comprehensive litter and solid waste control plan for their respective geographical areas and that
the authorities also have rule-making authority under West Virginia Code §§ 22C-4-1 to -30. 195
W.Va. at 6-7, 462 S.E.2d at 354-55. Accordingly, the Court found that the solid waste assessment
fee at issue in Wetzel County Solid Waste Authority constituted a fee used by a public agency to
defray its regulatory costs. Id. at 7, 462 S.E.2d at 355. We find the same is true with regard to the
“green box” fee at issue in the instant case.4

        Finally, petitioners assert that respondent’s decision to sue them for unpaid “green box”
fees was ultra vires because members of respondent’s board were dilatory in taking their oaths of
office.5 See W.Va. Code § 6-1-3 (state officers required to take oaths of office). At the December
12, 2012, hearing, the circuit court indicated that West Virginia Code §§ 22C-4-1 to -30—and not
West Virginia Code § 6-1-3—governed the qualifications of members of a county solid waste
authority and did not require the taking of oaths. Assuming, arguendo, that petitioners are correct
that West Virginia Code § 6-1-3 governed, petitioners would still need to show that they were
prejudiced by the tardiness of the board members’ oath-taking. See Kerns v. Wolverton, 181 W.Va.
143, 149, 381 S.E.2d 258, 264 (1989). Petitioners do not dispute that a majority of the current
board members had taken oaths of office by the time the instant case was filed.6 Therefore, we
       4
          Under petitioners’ view of the “green box” fee, it is distinguishable from the solid waste
assessment fee at issue in Wetzel County Solid Waste Authority because the “green box” fee is not
based on actual usage. However, given our holding in Stamper, that distinction is not relevant to
the pertinent analysis. See Syl. Pt. 2, 195 W.Va. at 686, 466 S.E.2d at 537.
       5
         Respondent notes that by the time the instant case was filed in 2007, a majority of the
current board members had taken oaths of office. The final board member took the oath in 2010.
       6
         Rather, in her reply, Petitioner Elza goes further and suggests that because a majority of
board members were not sworn until 2007, every action respondent took between its creation in
1989 up until 2007—a total of eighteen years—is null and void. We find that even if West Virginia
                                                 4

reject this assignment of error because there was no prejudice.

         This Courts finds that all other arguments by petitioners are either (1) subsumed in the
arguments already addressed; (2) irrelevant to whether petitioners owe unpaid “green box” fees;
and/or (3) otherwise frivolous. The Court concludes that the circuit court correctly awarded
respondent summary judgment because the record taken as a whole could not lead a rational trier
of fact to find for petitioners.

      WHETHER PRE-JUDGMENT INTEREST WAS APPROPRIATELY AWARDED

        Petitioners Leyzorek and Bernier assert that respondent is not entitled to pre-judgment
interest. Respondent counters that pre-judgment interest was properly awarded pursuant to West
Virginia Code § 56-6-27 and accurately calculated in accordance with the relevant administrative
order entered by this Court pursuant to West Virginia Code § 56-6-31(b). The award of
pre-judgment interest is a matter of discretion. See Ringer v. John, 230 W.Va. 687, 690-91, 742
S.E.2d 103, 106-07 (2013) (West Virginia Code § 56-6-27 does not contemplate a mandatory
award of interest). Petitioners Leyzorek and Bernier provide no basis on which we can find an
abuse of discretion. Therefore, we do not disturb the circuit court’s award of pre-judgment interest.

        For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the Circuit Court of
Pocahontas County and affirm the circuit court’s October 18, 2013, order which directed the
following judgments: (1) a judgment against Petitioner Bernier for $49 in unpaid “green box” fees
for 2006, plus $150 in statutory penalties, plus costs and pre- and post-judgment interest; (2) a
judgment against Petitioner Leyzorek for $498 in unpaid “green box” fees for 2001 through 2006,
plus $900 in statutory penalties, plus costs and pre- and post-judgment interest; and (3) a judgment
against Petitioner Elza for $498 in unpaid “green box” fees for 2001 through 2006, plus $900 in
statutory penalties, plus costs and pre- and post-judgment interest.

                                                                                          Affirmed.

ISSUED: June 27, 2014

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Brent D. Benjamin
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Allen H. Loughry II

Code § 6-1-3 applied to respondent’s board members, we would not interpret the statute to produce
an absurd result such as the one Petitioner Elza advocates. See Charter Comm’n VI, PLLC v. Cmty.
Antenna Serv., Inc., 211 W.Va. 71, 77, 561 S.E.2d 793, 799 (2002).


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