                                                           FILED
                                                            DEC 08 2017
                                                        SUSAN M. SPRAUL, CLERK
 1                         NOT FOR PUBLICATION            U.S. BKCY. APP. PANEL
                                                          OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
 2
 3                   UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY APPELLATE PANEL
                               OF THE NINTH CIRCUIT
 4
 5   In re:                        )      BAP No.    HI-16-1181-BTaL
                                   )
 6   1910 PARTNERS,                )      Bk. No.    15-00009
                                   )
 7                  Debtor.        )      Adv. No.   15-90006
                                   )
 8                                 )
     1910 PARTNERS,                )
 9                                 )
                    Appellant,     )
10                                 )
     v.                            )      M E M O R A N D U M1
11                                 )
     ASSOCIATION OF APARTMENT      )
12   OWNERS OF CANTERBURY PLACE,   )
                                   )
13                  Appellee.      )
     ______________________________)
14
                    Argued and Submitted on October 26, 2017,
15                              at Honolulu, Hawaii
16                           Filed - December 8, 2017
17              Appeal from the United States Bankruptcy Court
                          for the District of Hawaii
18
               Honorable Lloyd King, Bankruptcy Judge, Presiding
19
20   Appearances:     Chuck C. Choi of Choi & Ito argued for appellant,
                      1910 Partners; Jerrold K. Guben of O'Connor,
21                    Playdon & Guben LLP argued for appellee,
                      Association of Apartment Owners of Canterbury
22                    Place.
23
     Before:    BRAND, TAYLOR and LAFFERTY, Bankruptcy Judges.
24
25
26
          1
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication.
27   Although it may be cited for whatever persuasive value it may have
     (see Fed. R. App. P. 32.1), it has no precedential value. See 9th
28   Cir. BAP Rule 8024-1.
 1        Chapter 112 debtor 1910 Partners appeals a judgment awarding
 2   the Association of Apartment Owners of Canterbury Place ("AOAO")
 3   its postpetition attorneys' fees and costs of $567,936.25.    The
 4   fees and costs were awarded as a secured claim under § 506(b) and
 5   as an administrative expense priority claim under § 503(b)(4), to
 6   be paid in full, in cash, on the effective date of 1910 Partners'
 7   confirmed plan pursuant to § 1129(a)(9)(A).   Because the
 8   bankruptcy court applied an incorrect standard of law and failed
 9   to provide sufficient due process, we VACATE the award of post-
10   petition attorneys’ fees and costs and REMAND.
11                I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
12   A.   Events prior to the instant bankruptcy case and related
          adversary proceeding
13
14        AOAO is an association of owners of residences in Canterbury
15   Place, a mixed use condominium project in Honolulu ("Building").
16   1910 Partners is a limited partnership which owns the five ground
17   floor commercial units in the Building and 96 parking stalls
18   located on the second and third floors of the Building's parking
19   garage.   Mr. Bruce C. Stark is the president of 1910 Partners.
20        The conflict between 1910 Partners and AOAO dates back to the
21   1990s.    The parties' primary dispute lies in the allocation of
22   common expenses, utilities and reserves for the Building and how
23   much 1910 Partners should have to pay towards those items.
24        In 2009, AOAO filed five complaints against 1910 Partners in
25   state court; it sought to collect on 1910 Partners' alleged
26
          2
             Unless specified otherwise, all chapter,   code and rule
27   references are to the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C.   §§ 101-1532, and
     the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, Rules   1001-9037. The
28   Federal Rules of Civil Procedure are referred to   as "Civil Rules."

                                      -2-
 1   delinquencies by foreclosing its statutory liens against the five
 2   commercial units.   1910 Partners filed its first chapter 11
 3   bankruptcy case before the state court could decide the merits of
 4   the complaints.    1910 Partners removed the complaints to the
 5   bankruptcy court and filed counterclaims against AOAO.
 6        During the course of 1910 Partners' first bankruptcy case,
 7   the parties entered into a settlement agreement.   Among other
 8   things, the settlement agreement provided that 1910 Partners would
 9   pay AOAO approximately $285,000 in full satisfaction of all
10   alleged prepetition maintenance fees, costs and utilities accrued
11   and contractual attorneys' fees.    The settlement amount was to be
12   paid in monthly installments over four years.   The parties also
13   agreed to install a submetering system to prevent future disputes
14   over the allocation of common expenses for the Building.
15        Unfortunately, the parties continued to have disputes and,
16   when mediation failed, AOAO filed another action against 1910
17   Partners.   1910 Partners responded with several counterclaims.
18   B.   The instant bankruptcy case and related adversary proceeding
19        On January 5, 2015, 1910 Partners filed its second chapter 11
20   bankruptcy case.    Shortly thereafter, AOAO removed the 2014 state
21   court action to the bankruptcy court.   During the course of the
22   main case and adversary proceeding, AOAO was represented by the
23   law firms of O'Connor Playdon & Guben ("OPG") and Revere &
24   Associates ("Revere").
25        AOAO filed an amended proof of claim, asserting a secured
26   claim for $1,308,500 ("Claim").    The Claim included prepetition
27   unpaid AOAO maintenance fees, unpaid utility expenses, and unpaid
28   utility adjustment charges as provided by the 2012 settlement

                                       -3-
 1   agreement, as well as AOAO's prepetition attorneys' fees of
 2   approximately $155,000.       The Claim did not include any request for
 3   payment of postpetition attorneys' fees or costs.
 4           1910 Partners filed its initial chapter 11 plan of
 5   reorganization in June 2015.       In its objection, AOAO contended it
 6   was owed postpetition attorneys' fees as an oversecured creditor
 7   under § 506(b), accruing from the petition date through July 15,
 8   2015.       Thereafter, 1910 Partners filed an amended chapter 11 plan
 9   of reorganization, which the bankruptcy court confirmed over
10   AOAO's objection ("Plan").3      The Plan paid the Claim in
11   installments of $18,000 per month plus interest.
12           The confirmation order was entered on March 4, 2016.
13   According to the order, entered the same day as the adversary
14   judgment in favor of AOAO discussed below, administrative expense
15   claims were to be filed and served on 1910 Partners no later than
16   60 days after the effective date of March 21, 2016, unless the bar
17   date was extended by mutual agreement of 1910 Partners and the
18   holder of the claim.
19           1.     The trial, judgment and events up to the appeal date
20           The sole purpose of the adversary proceeding between AOAO and
21   1910 Partners was to adjudicate the amount of the Claim.
22           The first time AOAO indicated its intent to request
23   postpetition attorneys' fees and costs incurred as part of the
24   Claim was in its pretrial list of exhibits.       AOAO presented two
25   exhibits, each consisting of only a single page summary of the
26   fees and costs incurred by OPG and Revere respectfully.       AOAO also
27
             3
             AOAO's concurrent motion to appoint a chapter 11 trustee
28   was denied after a two-day hearing.

                                         -4-
 1   contended at the end of its 50-page brief that it was entitled to
 2   postpetition attorneys' fees and costs as an oversecured creditor
 3   in the amount of $106,426 through December 31, 2015.   AOAO
 4   acknowledged that its attorneys' fees and costs through trial
 5   would be calculated at the conclusion of the trial.    AOAO's brief
 6   did not mention any substantial contribution claim.
 7        Trial on the Claim was held over four days.   Counsel for AOAO
 8   stated at the end of his summation that AOAO's postpetition
 9   attorneys' fees were "almost a half a million dollars . . . and
10   accruing, because of Mr. Stark's obstinacy."   He further argued,
11   for the first time, that the court needed "to send a message" to
12   Mr. Stark for his obstinacy and treat AOAO's postpetition fees and
13   costs as an administrative claim under § 1129(a)(9)(A) that would
14   be paid in full, in cash, on the effective date.
15        Counsel for 1910 Partners objected, arguing that it was not
16   appropriate to address AOAO's postpetition attorneys' fees and
17   costs and their reasonableness in the context of deciding the
18   Claim; some additional type of motion had to be filed and served.
19   Counsel also objected to AOAO's oral request that its fees and
20   costs be paid as an administrative expense, arguing that AOAO
21   could not have both a secured claim and an administrative claim,
22   and that this issue should have been raised in the main case, not
23   the adversary proceeding, and properly noticed with a hearing.
24        After trial, the bankruptcy court ordered the parties to
25   submit competing findings of fact and conclusions of law.     In its
26   proposed findings and conclusions, AOAO proposed the following
27   with respect to its postpetition attorneys' fees and costs:
28   •    AOAO incurred postpetition attorneys' fees and costs totaling

                                    -5-
 1        $567,936.25;
 2   •    as an oversecured creditor AOAO was entitled to all
          postpetition attorneys' fees and costs under § 506(b), which
 3        were "reasonable"; and
 4   •    because AOAO had made a "substantial contribution" to the
          estate it was entitled to have its attorneys' fees and costs
 5        be accorded administrative expense priority status under
          § 503(b)(4) and be paid in cash, in full, on the Effective
 6        Date of the Plan as per § 1129(a)(9)(A).4
 7        In addition to its proposed findings and conclusions, AOAO
 8   submitted an ex parte motion to submit its attorneys' time sheets
 9   under seal and to hand deliver the time sheets to 1910 Partners
10   upon entry of an order granting the motion to seal.   AOAO
11   maintained that the time sheets contained confidential attorney-
12   client information and attorney work product.   Alternatively, AOAO
13   offered to file redacted versions of the time sheets with
14   unredacted versions to be viewed in camera.
15        1910 Partners submitted proposed findings, including one
16   stating that the bankruptcy court was unwilling to rule on AOAO's
17   postpetition attorneys' fees and costs under § 506(b) until AOAO
18   filed a properly noticed motion with supporting documentation, so
19   that the court and interested parties could ascertain the
20   "reasonableness" of AOAO's fee request.   1910 Partners also
21   submitted a proposed finding that none of AOAO's attorneys' fees
22   were entitled to administrative expense priority.   1910 Partners
23
          4
             AOAO maintained that it made a "substantial contribution"
24   in the main case by: (1) being the only active creditor in the
     case; (2) raising the issue of recovering $300,000 in insider
25   preference payments, which was not dealt with in the first plan;
     (3) ensuring the enforcement of the "absolute priority" rule;
26   (4) moving to appoint a chapter 11 trustee, which motion was
     denied but uncovered 1910 Partners' failure to maintain its units
27   and parking area; and (5) its objections raised to the initial
     plan, which led to a reduced term of the final Plan payments to
28   unsecured creditors to five years after the Effective Date.

                                    -6-
 1   maintained that, as an oversecured creditor, AOAO's legal fees
 2   could not be both a secured claim under § 506(b) and an unsecured
 3   administrative expense priority claim.
 4           The bankruptcy court entered its findings of fact and
 5   conclusions of law and judgment with respect to AOAO's Claim on
 6   March 4, 2016 ("March 4 Judgment").     In short, the court, adopting
 7   AOAO's proposed findings and conclusions, found in favor of AOAO
 8   in all respects and ruled that its Claim would be allowed in full.
 9           With respect to AOAO's postpetition attorneys' fees and
10   costs, which is the only issue on appeal, the court determined
11   that:    (1) AOAO was entitled to an award of its fees and costs
12   under § 506(b) and that the requested $567,936.25 was
13   "reasonable"; and (2) AOAO had made a "substantial contribution"
14   to the estate and therefore all of its § 506(b) fees and costs
15   were to be treated as a § 503(b)(4) administrative expense claim
16   and be paid in full, in cash, on the Effective Date of the Plan
17   pursuant to § 1129(a)(9)(A).
18           1910 Partners filed a timely motion for reconsideration,
19   raising two arguments with respect to AOAO's postpetition
20   attorneys' fees and costs.    First, 1910 Partners argued that the
21   court erred by awarding AOAO's fees and costs under § 506(b) as
22   part of a "claims allowance process" without providing 1910
23   Partners or unsecured creditors a fair "due process" opportunity
24   to object to their reasonableness, after a duly noticed motion and
25   hearing.    Without detailed time sheets, 1910 Partners argued that
26   it was unable to ascertain not only reasonableness of AOAO's
27   postpetition fees but also what fees were attributable to legal
28   services provided in the main case as distinguished from those

                                       -7-
 1   provided in the adversary proceeding.
 2        Second, 1910 Partners argued that the court erred by granting
 3   AOAO's postpetition attorneys' fees and costs administrative
 4   priority under § 503(b)(4) without detailed time sheets from OPG
 5   and Revere, any notice or hearing, and by making that
 6   determination in the context of the adversary proceeding on the
 7   Claim as opposed to in the main case.   Furthermore, 1910 Partners
 8   argued that, because the fees AOAO incurred in the adversary
 9   proceeding were solely for its benefit, they could never be
10   awarded as an administrative expense claim; AOAO's efforts there
11   did not provide a tangible benefit to the estate or the general
12   unsecured creditors.
13        AOAO opposed the motion to reconsider.   Much of its
14   opposition spent time making a case for why its claim for
15   postpetition attorneys' fees and costs was entitled to
16   administrative priority under § 503(b)(4).    AOAO maintained that
17   by raising the administrative expense claim issue at the closing
18   of trial, in its proposed findings and conclusions after trial,
19   and by "proffering to file the detailed time sheets of OPG and
20   Revere under seal," 1910 Partners received sufficient due process.
21   AOAO faulted 1910 Partners for not objecting to the proposed seal
22   motion or requesting that the court direct AOAO to file its time
23   sheets in open court, when it had three weeks to do so.
24        After a hearing, the bankruptcy court entered findings of
25   fact and conclusions of law and an order on June 8, 2016, denying
26   the reconsideration motion (the "June 8 Order").   Throughout the
27   findings and conclusions, drafted by counsel for AOAO and adopted
28   by the court, the court referred to AOAO's postpetition attorneys'

                                    -8-
 1   fees and costs of $567,936.25 as an administrative expense
 2   priority claim under § 503(b)(4) to be paid per § 1129(a)(9)(A).
 3   However, in the related order, also drafted by AOAO's counsel and
 4   adopted by the court, AOAO's postpetition attorneys' fees and
 5   costs of $567,936.25 were awarded under § 506(b), with no mention
 6   of § 503(b)(4) or § 1129(a)(9)(A).
 7        On May 20, 2016, after the hearing on the reconsideration
 8   motion but before the bankruptcy court had entered the June 8
 9   Order denying that motion, the parties filed in the main case a
10   stipulation agreeing to extend the "Professional Fee Claims Bar
11   Date" to August 31, 2016.
12        1910 Partners timely appealed the March 4 Judgment and the
13   June 8 Order.
14        2.    Post-appeal events
15        On June 29, 2016, AOAO filed in the main case a motion to
16   enforce the Plan, arguing that 1910 Partners had failed to pay its
17   administrative expense claim of $567,936.25.   After a hearing, the
18   bankruptcy court entered findings of fact and conclusions of law
19   and an order on October 13, 2016, again drafted by counsel for
20   AOAO, ordering that 1910 Partners either pay the claim
21   immediately, create a reserve for the $567,936.25, seek a stay of
22   the enforcement of the Plan, or proffer a supersedeas or appeal
23   bond for $709,245.31.
24        Meanwhile, on August 31, 2016, AOAO filed in the main case an
25   application for the allowance and award of its postpetition
26   attorneys' fees and costs under § 503(b)(4), which 1910 Partners
27   opposed.   Included with the application were detailed time sheets
28   from OPG and Revere.    In total, AOAO sought $607,420.57 in fees

                                      -9-
 1   and costs to be awarded administrative expense priority under
 2   § 503(b)(4).   The fee application was served on 1910 Partners,
 3   creditors and the U.S. Trustee.    Later, in its reply, AOAO boldly
 4   asserted that the court did not need detailed time sheets or any
 5   documentation to allow and award its postpetition fees and costs
 6   as a § 503(b)(4) administrative expense priority claim, because
 7   AOAO's work and results were apparent for both the main case and
 8   the adversary proceeding liquidating its Claim and sufficiently
 9   supported its administrative claim.
10        On December 2, 2016, the bankruptcy court entered an order in
11   the main case awarding AOAO its postpetition attorneys' fees and
12   costs of $607,420.57 as an administrative expense priority claim
13   under § 503(b)(4) to be paid pursuant to § 1129(a)(9)(A) (the
14   "December 2 Fee Order").   Attached to and incorporated in the
15   December 2 Fee Order were the March 4 Judgment and June 8 Order.
16        1910 Partners did not appeal the December 2 Fee Order.
17                              II. JURISDICTION
18        The bankruptcy court had jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1334
19   and 157(a)(2)(A), (B) & (K).   AOAO raised the issues of finality
20   and mootness with respect to the March 4 Judgment in its motion to
21   dismiss this appeal, arguing that the December 2 Fee Order was a
22   "final" order that superseded the March 4 Judgment and mooted this
23   appeal.   For the reasons that follow, AOAO's motion to dismiss is
24   DENIED.
25        We conclude that the March 4 Judgment was a final order.     "An
26   order is final if it constitutes a complete adjudication of the
27   issues at bar and clearly evidences the judge's intention that it
28   be final."   Wiersma v. Bank of the W. (In re Wiersma), 483 F.3d

                                       -10-
 1   933, 938 (9th Cir. 2007) (citing Slimick v. Silva (In re Slimick),
 2   928 F.2d 304, 307 (9th Cir. 1990)).      The March 4 Judgment
 3   adjudicated the claims between the parties and unequivocally
 4   awarded AOAO its postpetition attorneys' fees and costs under
 5   § 506(b), § 503(b)(4) and § 1129(a)(9)(A).      The court made express
 6   findings about the "reasonableness" of AOAO's fees as well as
 7   findings about the "substantial contribution" AOAO had made to the
 8   estate.     Nothing in the March 4 Judgment indicates that a further
 9   motion was necessary for AOAO to be awarded its postpetition fees
10   and costs and, in fact, AOAO vehemently argued that no such motion
11   had to be filed for its fees and costs to be awarded under any
12   statute.5
13        We reject AOAO's argument that the parties and the court
14   contemplated further proceedings on AOAO's postpetition attorneys'
15   fees and costs after the March 4 Judgment based on the stipulation
16   to extend the Professional Fee Claims Bar Date.      Section 2.3.2 of
17   the Plan governs claims for professionals who have rendered
18   services to the estate, such as debtor's counsel or counsel for a
19   creditor's committee.    AOAO was not claiming "professional fees"
20   here; it was asserting an administrative expense claim for its
21   fees, the bar dates for which is governed by Section 2.3.1 of the
22   Plan and confirmation order.    The parties' stipulation, therefore,
23   had no effect on the bar date for AOAO's administrative expense
24   claim.    Any such claim had to be filed and served no later than
25
26        5
             Arguably, AOAO must have thought the March 4 Judgment
     finally adjudicated its postpetition fee claim given that it filed
27   the motion to enforce the Plan, wherein it complained about not
     being paid its $567,936.25 administrative claim, before it filed
28   its fee application.

                                       -11-
 1   60 days after the Effective Date, which would have been May 20,
 2   2016.    Thus, AOAO's fee application filed on August 31, 2016, if
 3   even considered a proper administrative expense claim, was
 4   untimely.
 5           We also conclude that the appeal of the March 4 Judgment is
 6   not moot.    We lack jurisdiction over moot appeals.   I.R.S. v.
 7   Pattullo (In re Pattullo), 271 F.3d 898, 901 (9th Cir. 2001).      A
 8   case is moot where an event occurs while a case is pending appeal
 9   that makes it impossible for the court to grant any effective
10   relief to the prevailing party.    Id.   While AOAO argues that the
11   December 2 Fee Order has mooted the appeal because proper
12   procedures have since been followed and its postpetition
13   attorneys' fees and costs have again been awarded under the same
14   statutes, AOAO fails to recognize that the bankruptcy court lacked
15   jurisdiction to enter the December 2 Fee Order.
16           Once a notice of appeal for a final, appealable order is
17   filed, the trial court is divested of jurisdiction over aspects of
18   the case involved in the appeal.    Griggs v. Provident Consumer
19   Disc. Co., 459 U.S. 56, 58 (1982); Hill & Sanford, LLP v. Mirzai
20   (In re Mirzai), 236 B.R. 8, 10 (9th Cir. BAP 1999).    Although the
21   trial court may take actions that preserve the status quo during
22   the pendency of an appeal, it may not finally adjudicate
23   substantial rights directly involved in the appeal.    Neary v.
24   Padilla (In re Padilla), 222 F.3d 1184, 1189 (9th Cir. 2000).      The
25   trial court cannot enter an order that supplements the order on
26   appeal because such supplementation would change the status quo.
27   In re Mirzai, 236 B.R. at 10 (citing McClatchy Newspapers v. Cent.
28   Valley Typographical Union, 686 F.2d 731, 734-35 (9th Cir. 1982)).

                                       -12-
 1   The trial court also may not alter or expand upon the judgment.
 2   In re Padilla, 222 F.3d at 1190.
 3        Because the propriety of AOAO's claim seeking recovery of
 4   postpetition attorneys' fees and costs is the subject of this
 5   appeal, the bankruptcy court lacked jurisdiction to consider
 6   AOAO's subsequent fee application or to enter the December 2 Fee
 7   Order, which not only supplemented the March 4 Judgment but
 8   expanded upon it by awarding AOAO an additional $40,000 in
 9   postpetition fees and costs.   As a result, the December 2 Fee
10   Order is void.   Id.   Therefore, contrary to AOAO's position, the
11   subsequent events which may have "cured" the procedural
12   irregularities that occurred here have no impact on this appeal.
13        Because we are able to grant 1910 Partners effective relief
14   if we decide the appeal of the March 4 Judgment in its favor, the
15   appeal is not moot.    Accordingly, we have jurisdiction under
16   28 U.S.C. § 158.
17                                III. ISSUES
18   1.   Did the bankruptcy court err by awarding AOAO's
19   postpetition attorneys' fees and costs as both a § 506(b) claim
20   and as an administrative expense priority claim to be paid in
21   full, in cash, on the Effective Date of the Plan?
22   2.   Did the bankruptcy court err by awarding AOAO's
23   postpetition attorneys' fees and costs without requiring AOAO to
24   file and serve a motion with supporting documentation before
25   determining the amount of the fees and costs allowed under either
26   § 506(b) or § 1129(a)(9)(A) and § 503(b)(4)?
27   3.   Did the bankruptcy court abuse its discretion in denying the
28   motion to reconsider?

                                      -13-
 1                           IV. STANDARDS OF REVIEW
 2           The bankruptcy court's application of the rules of procedure
 3   is reviewed de novo.     Ruvacalba v. Munoz (In re Munoz), 287 B.R.
 4   546, 550 (9th Cir. BAP 2002).     Likewise, whether a party's due
 5   process rights were violated is a question of law we review de
 6   novo.    Miller v. Cardinale (In re Deville), 280 B.R. 483, 492 (9th
 7   Cir. BAP 2002).
 8           We will not disturb the bankruptcy court's award of
 9   attorney's fees and costs unless the court erroneously applied the
10   law or abused its discretion.     Renfrow v. Draper, 232 F.3d 688,
11   693 (9th Cir. 2000); Fry v. Dinan (In re Dinan), 448 B.R. 775, 783
12   (9th Cir. BAP 2011).
13           The bankruptcy court's denial of a reconsideration motion is
14   also reviewed for an abuse of discretion.     Cruz v. Stein Strauss
15   Tr. # 1361, PDQ Invs., LLC (In re Cruz), 516 B.R. 594, 601 (9th
16   Cir. BAP 2014).    The bankruptcy court abuses its discretion if it
17   applies an incorrect legal standard or its factual findings are
18   clearly erroneous.    TrafficSchool.com, Inc. v. Edriver Inc.,
19   653 F.3d 820, 832 (9th Cir. 2011).
20                                V. DISCUSSION
21   A.      The bankruptcy court erred in awarding AOAO its postpetition
             attorneys' fees and costs on this record.
22
23           1910 Partners contends that the bankruptcy court erred by
24   granting AOAO's fee claim administrative expense priority under
25   §§ 503(b)(4) and 1129(a)(9)(A) and, at the same time, determining
26   that AOAO was entitled to its postpetition attorneys' fees and
27   costs as an oversecured creditor under § 506(b).     1910 Partners
28   also argues that it was denied due process when the court awarded

                                       -14-
 1   AOAO its postpetition attorneys' fees and costs without a separate
 2   motion or any documentation to support it.     While, conceivably, we
 3   can envision a situation where an oversecured creditor could have
 4   an administrative expense priority claim and a claim under
 5   § 506(b), we need not address that issue, because the record does
 6   not support AOAO's postpetition fee award under any of the above
 7   statutes.
 8        1.     AOAO was not entitled to its fee award under § 506(b).
 9        Section 506(b) permits oversecured creditors to claim
10   attorney's fees and costs:
11        To the extent that an allowed secured claim is secured by
          property the value of which, after any recovery under
12        subsection (c) of this section, is greater than the amount
          of such claim, there shall be allowed to the holder of
13        such claim, interest on such claim, and any reasonable
          fees, costs, or charges provided for under the agreement
14        or State statute under which such claim arose.
15   § 506(b).    Thus, the creditor is entitled to postpetition
16   attorney's fees and costs if:    (1) the claim is an allowed secured
17   claim; (2) the creditor is oversecured; (3) the fees are
18   reasonable; and (4) the fees are provided for under the agreement.
19   Kord Enters. II v. Cal. Commercial Bank (In re Kord Enters. II),
20   139 F.3d 684, 687 (9th Cir. 1998).      It is undisputed that AOAO is
21   an oversecured creditor with an allowed secured claim and could
22   recover its reasonable postpetition attorneys' fees and costs
23   based on the underlying agreements between the parties upon proof.
24        However, § 506(b) requires that such fees and costs be
25   "reasonable."    Dalessio v. Pauchon (In re Dalessio), 74 B.R. 721,
26   723 (9th Cir. BAP 1987).    The key determinant for "reasonableness"
27   is whether the creditor incurred expenses and fees that fall
28   within the scope of the fees provision in the parties' agreement

                                      -15-
 1   and took the kinds of actions that similarly situated creditors
 2   might reasonably conclude should be taken.   Id.   "The bankruptcy
 3   court should inquire whether, considering all relevant factors
 4   including duplication, the creditor reasonably believed that the
 5   services employed were necessary to protect its interests in the
 6   debtor's property."   Id. (citing In re Carey, 8 B.R. 1000, 1004
 7   (Bankr. S.D. Cal. 1981)).   "A court should not reward a creditor
 8   whose overly aggressive attorney harasses and opposes the debtor
 9   at every stage of the bankruptcy proceeding, nor should an
10   oversecured creditor be given a blank check to incur fees and
11   costs which will automatically be reimbursed out of its
12   collateral."   Id.
13        A secured claim holder has the burden of proving the
14   reasonableness of its fee claim under § 506(b).    Atwood v. Chase
15   Manhattan Mortg. Co. (In re Atwood), 293 B.R. 227, 233 (9th Cir.
16   BAP 2003).   This requires, at minimum, supporting documentation to
17   include detailed time sheets.6   In re Dalessio, 74 B.R. at 724.
18   Without this, the trial court has no possible way to determine
19   reasonableness.   Here, AOAO did not request its postpetition
20   attorneys' fees and costs under § 506(b) in the Claim.    The first
21   time AOAO provided any real discussion on the matter was in its
22   trial brief in the adversary proceeding.   However, AOAO failed to
23
          6
             We do not address the question of what procedural device
24   is required for an oversecured creditor to recover postpetition
     attorney's fees and costs under § 506(b). While the Ninth Circuit
25   has not decided this issue, we held in In re Atwood that a proof
     of claim requesting such fees and costs may be sufficient.
26   293 B.R. at 231-232. The Local Bankruptcy Rules for the District
     of Hawaii are silent on this issue. Nonetheless, regardless of
27   the procedure used, an award for such fees and costs uniformly has
     to be supported with evidence sufficient for the bankruptcy court
28   to determine reasonableness.

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 1   state the exact amount it would be seeking, indicating that it
 2   would be determined after trial.
 3        The amount of postpetition fees and costs AOAO was seeking
 4   was finally revealed in its proposed findings and conclusions
 5   after trial, but was not supported with any evidence.    AOAO also
 6   sought to file its counsels' time sheets under seal and proposed
 7   not to provide a copy of them to 1910 Partners until after the
 8   court had entered an order granting the seal motion.    No such
 9   order was entered, and 1910 Partners did not receive a copy of the
10   time sheets, redacted or otherwise, prior to the March 4 Judgment.
11   Also absent from the record is any declaration from AOAO's counsel
12   attesting to the fees' reasonableness.
13        AOAO faults 1910 Partners for failing to object to the motion
14   to file the time sheets under seal or to request that the court
15   compel AOAO to provide them in open court, suggesting that 1910
16   Partners' alleged silence somehow constituted waiver.    1910
17   Partners did object to the award of AOAO's postpetition attorneys'
18   fees and costs in closing argument at trial and in its competing
19   proposed findings and conclusions.     Further, as the creditor
20   seeking such fees and costs, AOAO had the burden of proving the
21   reasonableness of its claim under § 506(b).    In re Atwood,
22   293 B.R. at 233.   Putting the onus on 1910 Partners to object to
23   the seal motion or to compel AOAO to provide the time sheets was
24   not only inappropriate, it was contrary to the law.
25        It is also not evident whether the bankruptcy court received
26   and reviewed the time sheets or did any independent inquiry into
27   the nature of the requested fees and costs.    Although the court
28   summarily found that the entire amount requested for fees and

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 1   costs was "reasonable," the March 4 Judgment was drafted, in large
 2   part, by AOAO.    Thus, we review this finding with special
 3   scrutiny.    Silver v. Exec. Car Leasing Long-Term Disability,
 4   466 F.3d 727, 733 (9th Cir. 2006).
 5        Overall, we conclude that the bankruptcy court erred by
 6   failing to require AOAO to support its postpetition fee request
 7   with any evidence and by failing to afford 1910 Partners a
 8   procedure to review the time sheets of AOAO's professionals and to
 9   make objections as to the reasonableness of the requested fees and
10   costs before entering the March 4 Judgment.
11        2.     AOAO's fee award was not entitled to administrative
                 priority.
12
13        Even more troubling is the bankruptcy court's award of AOAO's
14   postpetition attorneys' fees and costs as an administrative
15   expense priority claim under § 503(b)(4) to be paid pursuant to
16   § 1129(a)(9)(A).    Section 503(b)(4) provides, in relevant part:
17        (b) After notice and a hearing, there shall be allowed
          administrative expenses, other than claims allowed under
18        section 502(f) of this title, including —
19        (4) reasonable compensation for professional services
          rendered by an attorney or an accountant of an entity
20        whose expense is allowable under paragraph (3) of this
          subsection, based on the time, the nature, the extent, and
21        the value of such services, and the cost of comparable
          services other than in a case under this title, and
22        reimbursement for actual, necessary expenses incurred by
          such attorney or accountant[.]
23
24   § 503(b)(4).    As pertinent here, § 503(b)(4) permits an
25   administrative claim for fees and expenses of an attorney who
26   represents a creditor who made a substantial contribution to the
27   chapter 11 case.    See Wake v. Sedona Inst. (In re Sedona Inst.),
28   220 B.R. 74, 81 (9th Cir. BAP 1998); In re W. Asbestos Co.,

                                      -18-
 1   318 B.R. 527, 530 (Bankr. N.D. Cal. 2004).
 2        A creditor seeking administrative priority for its legal fees
 3   and costs bears the burden of proof to demonstrate that the
 4   creditor has made a substantial contribution to the estate.
 5   Andrew v. Coopersmith (In re Downtown Inv. Club III), 89 B.R. 59,
 6   64 (9th Cir. BAP 1988) ("The burden of proof under Bankruptcy Code
 7   § 503(b)(4) to show that a substantial contribution was made is on
 8   the party seeking compensation[.]"); see also In re Catalina Spa &
 9   R.V. Resort, Ltd., 97 B.R. 13, 17 (Bankr. C.D. Cal. 1989) (same).
10   The measure of any substantial contribution is the "'extent of the
11   benefit to the estate.'"   Cellular 101, Inc. v. Channel Commc'ns,
12   Inc. (In re Cellular 101, Inc.), 377 F.3d 1092, 1096 (9th Cir.
13   2004) (quoting Christian Life Ctr. Litig. Defense Comm. v. Silva
14   (In re Christian Life Ctr.), 821 F.2d 1370, 1373 (9th Cir. 1987)).
15   The benefits conferred by the claimant must be direct and not
16   "incidental" or "minimal," and must outweigh the benefit received
17   by the claimant.   Id. at 1098.
18        The prerequisite for a creditor's administrative priority
19   claim for legal fees and costs under § 503(b)(4) is "notice and a
20   hearing."   See § 503(b)(4).   Moreover, Local Bankruptcy
21   Rule 3001-2(d) requires an entity requesting payment of an
22   administrative expense in a chapter 11 case to give notice of the
23   request to the debtor in possession, the U.S. Trustee and the
24   holders of the 20 largest unsecured claims.    Local Bankruptcy
25   Rule 2016-1 also mandates that, to receive compensation for
26   attorney's fees or reimbursement of expenses under § 503(b)(4),
27   the professional must submit an application with supporting
28   documentation, including detailed time records and a certification

                                       -19-
 1   by the applicant.    None of these things happened here.
 2           We also find error in the court's consideration of AOAO's
 3   proposed administrative expense claim in the context of the
 4   adversary proceeding on the Claim.       Any administrative expense
 5   claim had to be filed by separate motion in the main case,
 6   properly noticed, and granted only after a hearing or opportunity
 7   for hearing.    No separate motion was filed in the main case,
 8   proper notice was not provided, and no hearing was noticed or
 9   held.    AOAO's counsel simply threw in as part of his closing
10   argument in the adversary proceeding that AOAO's postpetition
11   attorneys' fees and costs should be given administrative priority
12   and be paid in full, in cash, on the Effective Date of the Plan to
13   teach Mr. Stark a lesson.    AOAO then proceeded to award itself an
14   administrative expense priority claim for the full amount of its
15   postpetition fees and costs in its proposed findings and
16   conclusions after trial, which the court adopted.
17           In summary, given these procedural irregularities, 1910
18   Partners (and others) were denied due process with respect to the
19   granting of administrative priority status to AOAO's postpetition
20   attorneys' fees and costs.
21           Further, without a proper fee application and supporting
22   documentation, it was impossible not only for the court to find
23   that AOAO made a "substantial contribution" to the estate but also
24   to find that every cent AOAO spent pursuing its own Claim in the
25   adversary proceeding was a direct benefit to the estate.      Even
26   with supporting documentation, it would be extremely difficult for
27   AOAO to prove that the benefit recovered in the adversary
28   proceeding was outweighed by the benefit received by the estate.

                                       -20-
 1   Therefore, because the court's finding of "substantial
 2   contribution" was not supported by any evidence, only argument, it
 3   was clearly erroneous.7
 4   B.     The bankruptcy court abused its discretion by not granting
            the motion to reconsider.
 5
 6          A motion under Civil Rule 59(e) should not be granted unless
 7   the court is presented with newly discovered evidence, committed
 8   clear error, or if there is an intervening change of controlling
 9   law.       389 Orange St. Partners v. Arnold, 179 F.3d 656, 665 (9th
10   Cir. 1999).      1910 Partners asked the bankruptcy court to
11   reconsider its ruling in the March 4 Judgment with respect to
12   AOAO's postpetition attorneys' fees and costs under either
13   § 506(b) or § 503(b)(4), arguing lack of due process and that an
14   insufficient evidentiary record existed to find "reasonableness"
15   or "substantial contribution."      Because we have determined that
16   the court applied an incorrect standard of law and clearly erred
17   in these respects, it abused its discretion by not granting 1910
18   Partners' motion to reconsider.
19                                  VI. CONCLUSION
20          We VACATE the portion of the March 4 Judgment awarding AOAO
21   postpetition attorneys' fees and costs of $567,936.25 and REMAND
22   for further proceedings.      On remand, the court can consider
23   whether AOAO is entitled to some amount of fees or costs as an
24   oversecured creditor under § 506(b).       The court may also consider,
25   after proper notice and a hearing, whether any amount of these
26
            7
             As with § 506(b), AOAO's administrative claim for fees and
27   costs under § 503(b)(4) was also subject to a "reasonableness"
     determination, which could not be determined absent an evidentiary
28   record. § 503(b)(4); In re Sedona Inst., 220 B.R. at 81.

                                         -21-
 1   fees or costs are entitled to administrative expense priority, to
 2   the extent that such claim is not barred by the Plan or the
 3   confirmation order.
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