                                                                  NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                        UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                             FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                  _____________

                                       No. 19-2705
                                      _____________

                              AARON CHEYAN THOMAS,
                                             Appellant

                                              v.

                         COMMISSIONER SOCIAL SECURITY
                                _______________

                     On Appeal from the United States District Court
                         for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
                              (D.C. Civil No. 1-17-cv-01866)
                         District Judge: Honorable Yvette Kane
                                    _______________

                       Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                    June 19, 2020

                 Before: JORDAN, MATEY, and ROTH, Circuit Judges.

                                  (Filed: August 12, 2020)
                                     _______________

                                        OPINION*
                                     _______________




       *
        This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and, pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7, does
not constitute binding precedent.
MATEY, Circuit Judge.

       Aaron Thomas challenges a decision denying him disability benefits. But the record,

including reports from several medical professionals, shows substantial evidence

supporting that conclusion. So we will affirm.

                                    I. BACKGROUND

       Thomas injured his neck in 2013. When his pain did not subside, Thomas consulted

an orthopedic surgeon, who diagnosed him with left rotator cuff tendinitis, prescribed

physical therapy, and restricted him from lifting more than ten pounds. With no

improvement, he visited Leanne Mansberger, a physician assistant, who determined

Thomas was temporarily unable to work. Then, after an MRI revealed some degenerative

changes, Mansberger recommended Thomas find a new career. Thomas was working at

the time as a local delivery truck driver. Mansberger also recommended that Thomas seek

pain management and consider epidural treatments. Eventually, Thomas visited a pain

management specialist, who viewed Thomas’s injuries as “mostly mild in nature.” (D.C.

Dkt. No. 10 (A.R.) at 420.) Social Security Administration doctors confirmed that view

when Thomas applied for disability benefits, finding he was not disabled.

       Thomas challenged that determination in an administrative hearing before an

Administrative Law Judge (ALJ). After posing questions to a vocational expert and

considering the expert’s opinions, the ALJ found there were jobs Thomas could still

perform with his physical limitations, and affirmed the denial of benefits. After the Social

Security Appeals Council denied Thomas’s request for review, he brought a challenge to

the ALJ’s decision in federal court. There, a Magistrate Judge recommended that the
                                             2
District Court affirm the ALJ’s decision, and the District Court agreed. Now, Thomas

brings this timely appeal.1

           II. SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE SUPPORTS THE DENIAL OF BENEFITS

       Before awarding disability benefits, the Social Security Administration must

consider whether an applicant enjoys significant employment opportunities despite

physical limitations.2 Boone v. Barnhart, 353 F.3d 203, 205 (3d Cir. 2003). Thomas makes

two challenges to the ALJ’s decision: namely, that it involved 1) giving insufficient weight

to Mansberger’s opinion, and 2) posing flawed hypotheticals to a vocational expert. Neither

warrant reversal because the ALJ’s findings were “supported by substantial evidence.” See

id. (internal quotation marks and quotation omitted); see also Biestek v. Berryhill, 139 S.




       1
          The District Court had subject-matter jurisdiction under 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and
1383(c)(3). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.
        2
          Determining disability benefits follows a five-step test codified at 20 C.F.R. §
404.1520(a)(4). Under that test, a claimant must not have substantial gainful employment
and must have a severe impairment or combination of impairments. 20 C.F.R. §
404.1520(a)(4)(i), (ii). He must also have either a qualifying disability or lack the residual
functional capacity to perform his past work. Id. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iii), (iv). Finally, even
if the claimant could not return to past work, benefits will be denied if the Social Security
Administration (SSA) can show that someone with the claimant’s residual functional
capacity, age, education, and work experience could adjust to other employment. Id. §
404.1520(a)(4)(v). Here, the ALJ found Thomas satisfied steps one and two and assumed
he could meet his step four burden. Thomas does not challenge the ALJ’s step three finding.
So our review is limited to the ALJ’s determinations at step five.
                                              3
Ct. 1148, 1154 (2019) (describing substantial evidence as “such relevant evidence as a

reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion”) (quotation omitted).

A.     The ALJ Gave Proper Weight to Mansberger

       Thomas argues that the ALJ did not sufficiently consider Mansberger’s findings

and, instead, relied on the ALJ’s own lay opinion. But that argument is doubly flawed.

First, Thomas does not explain where the ALJ offered his own opinion. Second, and more

important, at the time of Thomas’s hearing, Mansberger was not a treating physician whose

opinion carried special weight. Compare 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1502(a)(8), 416.902(a)(8)

(physician assistants qualify as “[a]cceptable medical source[s]” for claims filed after

March 27, 2017), with 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(a), 416.927(a) (physician assistants are not

an “acceptable medical source” for claims before March 27, 2017). And even if her opinion

qualified as an acceptable source, greater reliance on Mansberger’s notes would not bolster

Thomas’s claim. Rather, Mansberger found that Thomas was only temporarily unable to

work and that he was not diligently seeking treatment. Indeed, she recommended that

Thomas seek a job requiring less heavy lifting, the same conclusion reached by the ALJ.

For those reasons, the District Court did not err on this ground.

B.     The Hypotheticals Posed to the Vocational Expert Were Adequate

       A hypothetical posed to a vocational expert should include “all of a claimant’s

credibly established limitations.” Rutherford v. Barnhart, 399 F.3d 546, 554 (3d Cir. 2005).

If an uncontroverted medical opinion suggests a limitation, the ALJ must include it in the

hypothetical before giving the vocational expert’s opinion weight. Id. On the other hand,

the ALJ has discretion to assess the credibility of “[l]imitations that are medically
                                             4
supported but are also contradicted by other evidence in the record.” Id. In all, a

hypothetical is useful only if it “accurately portrays the claimant’s individual physical and

mental impairments.” Id. (quotation omitted). With that context, Thomas argues that the

hypotheticals inaccurately captured his limitations. But we find no error in the ALJ’s

questioning.

       First, Thomas argues that all of the hypotheticals posed to the vocational expert

should have included a restriction for missed time from work, as “[i]t stands to reason that

someone with [Thomas’s] symptoms and difficulties would be extremely likely to miss

15% of his work time, or more than two days per month.” (Opening Br. at 6.) But Thomas

does not point to any medical opinion supporting that reasoning. And hypotheticals need

not include “every impairment alleged by a claimant.” Rutherford, 399 F.3d at 554

(emphasis omitted).

       Second, Thomas suggests that the hypotheticals should have included additional

restrictions for lifting, sitting, and standing. But those restrictions fall within the

discretionary zone outlined in Rutherford, consisting of “[l]imitations that are medically

supported but are also contradicted by other evidence in the record.” Id. While Thomas can

point to medical professionals recommending a ten-pound limit on lifting, none suggested

he should avoid lifting less than ten pounds. Indeed, an agency doctor found that Thomas

could often lift less than ten pounds. Likewise, Thomas fails to cite to any medical opinion

that established specific limits on sitting or standing and admits that the ALJ’s restrictions

drew from recommendations by an agency physician. So the ALJ was within his discretion

to find these uncontroverted restrictions were supported by substantial evidence.
                                              5
       Third, Thomas argues that the hypotheticals should have included nerve

deterioration. Though medical professionals did acknowledge mild deterioration, none

suggested how, if at all, that condition should change the hypotheticals. Thus, there was no

credibly established restriction regarding nerve deterioration.3

       Finally, Thomas objects to the hypotheticals including an ambidextrous skill set.

That detail emerged from Thomas’s own testimony: when asked if he was right- or left-

handed, Thomas responded that he was “[b]oth.” (A.R. at 44.) So it is hard to see how

including this detail is erroneous. At the least, there was enough for “a reasonable mind

[to] accept [the evidence] as adequate to support a conclusion” that Thomas was

ambidextrous. Biestek, 139 S. Ct. at 1154 (quoting Consol. Edison Co. v. NLRB, 305 U.S.

197, 229 (1938)). In any event, it is unclear that the ambidextrous skill set so affected the

vocational expert’s opinion that it failed to qualify as substantial evidence. Id. In all, the

hypotheticals “accurately portray[ed]” Thomas’s substantiated impairments. Rutherford,

399 F.3d at 554 (quotation omitted).

                                     III. CONCLUSION

       As the District Court correctly recognized that the ALJ relied on substantial

evidence when denying Thomas disability benefits, we will affirm.




       3
          Even if a restriction about the deterioration had been credibly established, the other
restrictions built into the hypotheticals adequately address Thomas’s functional limitations.
                                               6
