                                  Illinois Official Reports

                                          Appellate Court



                   Ferrand v. City of Chicago Board of Election Commissioners,
                                     2014 IL App (1st) 140225



Appellate Court              MELANIE “MEL” FERRAND, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. THE CITY
Caption                      OF CHICAGO BOARD OF ELECTION COMMISSIONERS,
                             LANGDON D. NEAL, Chairman, RICHARD A. COHEN, Member,
                             MARISEL A. HERNANDEZ, Member, and MARISA N. BROWN
                             and JOHN W. PARIZEK, Objectors, Defendants-Appellees.



District & No.               First District, Third Division
                             Docket No. 1-14-0225

Filed                        February 13, 2014



Held                         The appellate court affirmed the decision of the Chicago Board of
(Note: This syllabus         Election Commissioners’ upholding objections to plaintiff’s
constitutes no part of the   nominating papers as a candidate for the office of a Representative in
opinion of the court but     the Illinois General Assembly based on her failure to file a statement
has been prepared by the     of economic interests with the Secretary of State, notwithstanding her
Reporter of Decisions        contention that she substantially complied with the requirements of
for the convenience of       the Illinois Constitution, the Ethics Act and the Election Code when
the reader.)                 she filed a form intended for candidates for local offices with the
                             county clerk and after the deadline for filing the proper state form had
                             passed, she did file the state form with the Secretary of State, since
                             noncompliance with the mandatory and unambiguous requirements of
                             the Constitution, the Act, and the Election Code cannot be excused by
                             “substantial compliance.”




Decision Under               Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. 2014-
Review                       COEL-000001; the Hon. David A. Skryd, Judge, presiding.
     Judgment                 Affirmed.


     Counsel on               Jacob J. Meister & Associates (Jacob J. Meister and Edward Mullen,
     Appeal                   of counsel), and Law Office of Scott Erdman, P.C. (Scott Erdman, of
                              counsel), both of Chicago, and Law Offices of Thomas V. Leverso, of
                              South Barrington (Thomas V. Leverso, of counsel), for appellant.

                              Adducci, Dorf, Lehner, Mitchell & Blankenship, P.C., of Chicago
                              (Michael C. Dorf and James D. Adducci, of counsel), for appellees
                              Marisa N. Brown and John W. Parizek.

                              James M. Scanlon & Associates, P.C., of Chicago (James M. Scanlon,
                              of counsel), for other appellees.




     Panel                    JUSTICE MASON delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
                              Justices Hyman and Pucinski concurred in the judgment and opinion.




                                               OPINION

¶1         Appellant, Melanie “Mel” Ferrand (Ferrand), is a candidate for the office of Representative
       in the Illinois General Assembly for the 40th Representative District. Ferrand seeks review of a
       decision of defendant-appellee, the City of Chicago Board of Election Commissioners
       (Board), which sustained objections to her nominating papers based on her failure to file with
       the Secretary of State a statement of economic interests required of candidates for state office.
       The Board’s decision was affirmed by the circuit court. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
¶2         On November 25, 2013, Ferrand filed her nominating petitions with the State Board of
       Elections. The deadline for filing nominating petitions for the March 18, 2014 primary election
       was December 2, 2013.
¶3         Prior to filing her nominating papers, Ferrand filed with the Cook County clerk a statement
       of economic interests form designed for candidates for local, as opposed to state, office (the
       Local Form). A receipt generated by the Cook County clerk showing the date the Local Form
       was filed was included in Ferrand’s filing with the State Board of Elections.
¶4         After objections to Ferrand’s nominating papers were filed, Ferrand filed what she labeled
       an “amended” statement of economic interests, on the correct form for candidates for state
       office, with the Secretary of State (the State Form). The correct State Form was not filed with

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     the Secretary of State until December 16, 2013, after the filing deadline. Ferrand never filed
     with the State Board of Elections a receipt from the Secretary of State.
¶5       Aggrieved parties may obtain judicial review of decisions of the Board under section
     10-10.1 of the Election Code. 10 ILCS 5/10-10.1 (West 2012). An electoral board is
     considered an administrative agency, and although the Election Code does not specifically
     adopt the procedure provided under the Administrative Review Law (735 ILCS 5/3-101 et seq.
     (West 2012)), for all practical purposes, it is the same. Cinkus v. Village of Stickney Municipal
     Officers Electoral Board, 228 Ill. 2d 200, 209-10 (2008). On appeal from a circuit court order
     affirming a decision of the Board, we review the decision of the Board, not the circuit court. Id.
     at 212. In addition, the standards of review under the Administrative Review Law apply. Id. at
     210-12. The parties here agree that because the Board’s decision involves a question of law, we
     should review that decision de novo. Id. at 210.
¶6       Article XIII, section 2, of the Illinois Constitution requires state officers and all candidates
     for state office to file a “verified statement of their economic interests, as provided by law.” Ill.
     Const. 1970, art. XIII, § 2. Required statements of economic interests must be filed with the
     Secretary of State and failure to file within the prescribed time “shall result in ineligibility for,
     or forfeiture of, office.” Id. Pursuant to the permissive language of this same section, the
     General Assembly may impose a similar requirement upon candidates for offices in units of
     local government. Id. The Illinois Constitution further defines counties as units of local
     government. Ill. Const. 1970, art. VII, § 1.
¶7       In the Illinois Governmental Ethics Act (5 ILCS 420/4A-101 et seq. (West 2012)) (the
     Act), “the General Assembly both clarified the filing requirements for state officers
     constitutionally required to file economic interest statements and enacted filing requirements
     for local officers as permitted by *** article XIII, section 2.” O’Donaghue v. Cook County
     Officers Electoral Board, 295 Ill. App. 3d 493, 495 (1998). The disclosures required on the
     State and Local Forms are not identical. The State Form requires the state officer or candidate
     for state office, as the case may be, to disclose ownership interest in, or positions with, any
     legal entity doing business in the state. 5 ILCS 420/4A-103 (West 2012). In contrast, the Local
     Form requires disclosure by the local officer or candidate of any ownership in, or position with,
     any entity doing business with the unit of local government. 5 ILCS 420/4A-104 (West 2012).
¶8       The disposition of this appeal is controlled by this court’s decision in O’Donaghue, which
     involved the inverse of the circumstances presented here. In O’Donaghue, petitioner, a
     candidate for local office (a position on the Cook County Board of Commissioners), filed with
     the Secretary of State the State Form required of candidates for state office. After objections to
     his nominating papers were sustained by the Cook County Officers Electoral Board and upheld
     by the trial court, he appealed. O’Donaghue, 295 Ill. App. 3d at 495. After first determining
     that the office sought by the petitioner was not an office created by the constitution and that he
     was therefore required to file the Local Form, this court held:
                  “Section 4A-106 of the Act unambiguously requires, for the local office petitioner
              seeks, filing of the statement of economic interests as shown in section 4A-104 with the
              county clerk. The Electoral Board correctly exercised its jurisdiction to find that
              petitioner filed the wrong form with the wrong office.” Id. at 498.
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       The court thus upheld the electoral board’s order declaring petitioner’s nominating papers
       invalid and that his name should not appear on the ballot.
¶9          Here, the fact that Ferrand, a candidate for state office, filed the wrong disclosure form (the
       Local Form) in the wrong office (the Cook County clerk) compels the same result. As a
       candidate for the General Assembly, a constitutional office, Ferrand was clearly required to
       file the State Form with the Secretary of State by December 2, 2013. This she failed to do. She
       cites no authority for her attempt to file an “amended” State Form after the filing deadline or to
       have her belatedly filed State Form “relate back” to the filing of the incorrect form on
       November 25, 2013. Prior to December 2, 2013, no State Form had been filed by Ferrand and,
       therefore, there was nothing to amend. According to the dictates of the Illinois Constitution,
       the mandatory outcome of her failure to comply with article XIII, section 2, is “ineligibility”
       for office. Ill. Const. 1970, art. XIII, § 2.
¶ 10        Ferrand contends that we should recognize her “substantial compliance” with the
       requirements of the Illinois Constitution, the Act and article 8 of the Illinois Election Code (10
       ILCS 5/8-1 et seq. (West 2012)). No case recognizes a “substantial compliance” exception to
       the requirements of the constitution and, under the circumstances of this case, there is no basis
       to do so. The Local Form filed by Ferrand disclosed nothing of relevance to her candidacy for
       state office, a matter that, as contended by objectors, goes to the heart of the integrity of the
       electoral process. The Act is also unambiguous in its requirements for candidates for state
       office. 5 ILCS 420/4A-103 (West 2012). Finally, article 8 of the Election Code specifically
       governs the nomination of candidates for the General Assembly and provides that the
       nomination of all candidates for the General Assembly shall be in the manner provided “in this
       article 8 and not otherwise.” (Emphasis added.) 10 ILCS 5/8-1 (West 2012). Section 8-8 of the
       Election Code further provides that the receipt issued by the Secretary of State “must” be filed
       with the petitions for nomination. 10 ILCS 5/8-8 (West 2012). If the candidate fails to file a
       statement of economic interests with the appropriate officer by the end of the period for filing
       nominating papers, the Election Code provides that the nomination papers “are not valid.” 10
       ILCS 5/7-12(8) (West 2012). In order to accept Ferrand’s position, we would not only have to
       excuse her noncompliance with the constitution and the Act, but we would also necessarily
       have to override the legislature’s determination that her nominating papers are “not valid.”
¶ 11        There is simply no room in the foregoing mandatory and unambiguous provisions to
       countenance “substantial compliance” with the constitution, the Act and the Election Code by
       a candidate for state office. For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the Board’s determination
       that Ferrand’s nominating papers are invalid.

¶ 12      Affirmed.




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