Filed 5/9/13 KTDA III Associates v. Just Mortgage CA2/2
                  NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.


              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                     SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                  DIVISION TWO


KTDA III ASSOCIATES,                                                 B240153

         Plaintiff and Appellant,                                    (Los Angeles County
                                                                     Super. Ct. No. BC410821)
         v.

JUST MORTGAGE, INC.,

         Defendant and Respondent.




         APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County. Amy D.
Hogue, Judge. Affirmed.


         Arthur D. Hodge for Plaintiff and Appellant.


         Cho, Sheasby, Chung & Ignacio and Eric N. Chung for Defendant and
Respondent.




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       Appellant KTDA III Associates, LLC (KTDA) contends the trial court erred in
denying its application for leave to file a third amended complaint. It further contends
the trial court abused its discretion in awarding expert fees as costs pursuant to Code of
Civil Procedure section 998 since no expert witnesses testified at trial. For the reasons
discussed, we disagree. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment.


                     FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
       KTDA owned properties located at 10514 Kalmia Street (the 10514 property) and
10516 Kalmia Street (the 10516 property) in Los Angeles. The 10514 property was a
rental property occupied by a tenant. In January 2007, KTDA sold the 10516 property to
Gladys Flores (Flores) who is not a party to this appeal. To obtain funds to purchase the
10516 property, Flores executed a promissory note payable to respondent Just Mortgage,
Inc. (JMI). JMI recorded a first and second deed of trust against the property to secure
the loan. However, the deed to the 10516 property listed the legal description of the
10514 property. Flores took possession of the 10516 property.
       In August 2007, KTDA discovered that although it had sold the 10516 property to
Flores, the recorded deed had the legal description of the 10514 property. To correct the
error, on August 30, 2007, KTDA recorded a corrective deed whereby the legal
description of the 10516 property was substituted in place of the legal description of the
10514 property.
       Flores defaulted on the loan. On April 15, 2008, JMI initiated foreclosure
proceedings and recorded a notice of default listing the 10514 property and not the
10516 property.
       On July 25, 2008, KTDA demanded that notice of default be corrected to reflect
the 10516 property. On February 23, 2009, the foreclosure sale took place and J.P.
Morgan purchased the property. On March 10, 2009, J.P. Morgan evicted the tenant
occupying the 10514 property.
       A complaint was filed on March 30, 2009. The operative second amended
complaint was filed by KTDA on October 13, 2009. The second amended complaint

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alleges causes of action for declaratory relief against J.P. Morgan and for reformation
against JMI.
       KTDA filed a separate action against Del Sol Escrow. On August 11, 2010 that
lawsuit was consolidated with this action. On August 12, 2010, JMI served KTDA with a
statutory offer to compromise pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure section 998. KTDA
never accepted JMI’s offer to compromise. JMI filed its answer to the second amended
complaint on November 12, 2009. An ex parte application of JMI to file a cross-
complaint against Del Sol Escrow was granted and JMI filed the cross-complaint on
November 30, 2009.
       In January 2011, the attorneys for KTDA and JMI discussed the filing of a third
amended complaint. Before the meet and confer process was completed, Del Sol Escrow
filed for bankruptcy protection. A notice of automatic stay was filed on March 2, 2011.
The bankruptcy stay was vacated in August 2011. After the stay was vacated, Del Sol
Escrow did not participate in the litigation. Trial was scheduled for October 28, 2011.
       On September 28, 2011, one month before trial, KTDA filed an ex parte
application seeking leave to file a third amended complaint. In addition to the causes of
action for declaratory relief and reformation, KTDA sought to allege causes of action for
slander of title against JMI and J.P. Morgan, and trespass against JMI. The proposed
third amended complaint sought monetary and punitive damages. JMI opposed the
ex parte application. The trial court denied KTDA’s application on October 18, 2011.
       On October 28, 2011, when the parties appeared and announced they were ready
for trial, KTDA informed the trial court that it had resolved its claims against J.P.
Morgan. Under the settlement, J.P. Morgan was to retain title to the 10514 property and
was to pay KTDA an undisclosed sum of money. KTDA also informed the trial court
that a new lawsuit alleging slander of title had been filed.
       After hearing the evidence in a bench trial, the trial court declined to reform the
deed of trust finding that the foreclosure sale extinguished the deed of trust that KTDA
sought to reform. Judgment in favor of JMI was entered on December 28, 2011. JMI
moved for costs including its expert fees in the amount of $2,026.65. KTDA moved to

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tax costs. On January 25, 2012, the trial court awarded JMI $3,579.75, including
$2,026.65 as expert fees.


                                        DISCUSSION
I.     Denial of Leave of Court to File a Third Amended Complaint.
       KTDA contends that the trial court’s denial of leave of court permitting KTDA to
file a third amended complaint to add damages causes of action for slander of title against
JMI was not supported by substantial evidence of bad faith.
       The standard of review of denial of an application for leave to file an amended
complaint is abuse of discretion. “‘The court may, in furtherance of justice, and on any
terms as may be proper, allow a party to amend any pleading or proceeding by adding or
striking out the name of any party . . . .’ (Code Civ. Proc., § 473, subd. (a)(1).) ‘“Leave
to amend a complaint is thus entrusted to the sound discretion of the trial court. ‘. . . The
exercise of that discretion will not be disturbed on appeal absent a clear showing of
abuse. More importantly, the discretion to be exercised is that of the trial court, not that
of the reviewing court. Thus, even if the reviewing court might have ruled otherwise in
the first instance, the trial court’s order will . . . not be reversed unless, as a matter of law,
it is not supported by the record.’” [Citations.]’ (Branick v. Downey Savings & Loan
Assn. (2006) 39 Cal.4th 235, 242.)” (M&F Fishing, Inc. v. Sea-Pac Ins. Managers, Inc.
(2012) 202 Cal.App.4th 1509, 1534.)
       In denying the application, the trial court stated that the claims asserted in the
proposed third amended complaint against J.P. Morgan and JMI would not have been
stayed by Del Sol Escrow’s bankruptcy. The trial court found that the delay in bringing
the application was substantial, that it was untimely and that there was no good reason for
the untimeliness. The trial court also found that the new issues raised in the proposed
third amended complaint would require additional discovery and that permitting such
amendments on the eve of trial would not be fair.
       KTDA knew of the alleged error in the deed of trust as early as August 2007 when
it caused a corrective deed to be recorded. However, it did not seek leave to amend to

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state a cause of action for slander of title until September 28, 2011. “Although pleadings
may be amended at any stage of the litigation (Moss Estate Co. v. Adler (1953) 41 Cal.2d
581, 585–586; Record v. Reason (1999) 73 Cal.App.4th 472, 486), if a party seeking
amendment has been dilatory and/or the delay has prejudiced or will prejudice the
opposing party, the trial court in its discretion may deny leave to amend. (See Solit v.
Tokai Bank (1999) 68 Cal.App.4th 1435, 1448.)” (M&F Fishing, Inc. v. Sea-Pac Ins.
Managers, Inc., supra, 202 Cal.App.4th at p. 1534.)
       We find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying KTDA leave to file a
third amended complaint.


II.    Award of Expert Witness Fees as Costs.
       KTDA contends that the trial court abused its discretion in awarding expert fees to
JMI since no expert witnesses testified at trial. KTDA claims there is no authority for
such an award. We disagree with KTDA’s contention. “Section 998 states that fees for
expert witnesses ‘actually incurred and reasonably necessary in . . . preparation for trial’
are recoverable. (§ 998, subd. (c)(1).) Although the statute refers to expert witnesses,
courts have recognized that ‘section 998 . . . covers the cost of experts who aid in the
preparation of the case for trial, even if they do not actually testify.’ (Santantonio v.
Westinghouse Broadcasting Co., supra, 25 Cal.App.4th at p. 124.)” Bates v.
Presbyterian Intercommunity Hospital, Inc. (2012) 204 Cal.App.4th 210, 222.)
       We find there was no error by the trial court in awarding expert witness fees.




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                                    DISPOSITION
      The judgment is affirmed. JMI is entitled to its costs on appeal.
      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS.


                                           _____________________, J. *
                                                  FERNS
We concur:


____________________________, P. J.
      BOREN


____________________________, J.
      ASHMANN-GERST




*       Judge of the Los Angeles Superior Court, assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant to
article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.

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