UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,

v.                                                                    No. 99-4715

RODNEY MICHAEL PORTER,
Defendant-Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of Virginia, at Richmond.
James R. Spencer, District Judge.
(CR-99-26)

Submitted: March 31, 2000

Decided: May 2, 2000

Before WIDENER and NIEMEYER, Circuit Judges, and
HAMILTON, Senior Circuit Judge.

_________________________________________________________________

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

_________________________________________________________________

COUNSEL

Terry T. Hughes, Palmyra, Virginia, for Appellant. Helen Fahey,
United States Attorney, Sara E. Flannery, Special Assistant United
States Attorney, Richmond, Virginia, for Appellee.

_________________________________________________________________

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
Local Rule 36(c).
OPINION

PER CURIAM:

Rodney M. Porter was convicted on multiple counts for possessing
with intent to distribute tylox, a schedule II controlled substance, in
violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) (1994), and acquiring a controlled
substance by misrepresentation, fraud, forgery, deception, and subter-
fuge, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 843(a)(3) (1994). On appeal, Porter
maintains that the district court erred in denying his motion for judg-
ment of acquittal on the ground that there was insufficient evidence
to prove tylox was a controlled substance without the testimony of
Johnny St. Valentine Brown. We affirm.

This Court reviews the denial of a motion for acquittal under a suf-
ficiency of evidence standard. See Fed. R. Crim. P. 29; Glasser v.
United States, 315 U.S. 60, 80 (1942); United States v. Romer, 148
F.3d 359, 364 (4th Cir. 1998), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 67
U.S.L.W. 3525 (U.S. Feb. 22, 1999) (No. 98-852). At Porter's trial,
the Government called Johnny St. Valentine Brown as an expert wit-
ness to testify regarding the physical effects of tylox on a person
abusing the drug. Brown also testified that tylox was a controlled sub-
stance. After the trial and before sentencing, the Government dis-
closed that Brown was not a pharmacist as he testified, and therefore,
was unqualified to render an expert opinion at Porter's trial regarding
tylox. Porter subsequently moved for judgment of acquittal, alleging
that, absent Brown's testimony, the Government failed to establish
that tylox is a controlled substance. The district court denied the
motion, finding that, excluding Brown's testimony, sufficient evi-
dence was introduced verifying that tylox is a controlled substance.
We have conducted a de novo review, see Romer , 148 F.3d at 364,
and agree with the district court's finding.

Tylox is the trade name for oxycodone hydrochloride compounded
with acetaminophen, a painkiller with morphine-like properties. See
United States v. Floresca, 38 F.3d 706, 708 (4th Cir. 1994). This
Court has found tylox to be a Schedule II controlled substance. See
United States v. Tanner, 61 F.3d 231, 237 (4th Cir. 1995). Further-
more, this Court has held that "lay testimony and circumstantial evi-
dence may be sufficient, without the introduction of an expert

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chemical analysis, to establish the identity of the substance involved
in an alleged narcotics transaction." United States v. Dolan, 544 F.2d
1219, 1221 (4th Cir. 1976); see United States v. Uwaeme, 975 F.2d
1016, 1019 (4th Cir. 1992); United States v. Scott, 725 F.2d 43, 45-
46 (4th Cir. 1984). Such circumstantial proof may include evidence
of the physical appearance of the substance, evidence that the sub-
stance produced the expected effects when used by someone familiar
with the illegal drug, evidence that the substance was used in the
same manner as the illegal drug, and evidence that the substance was
called by the name of the illegal drug by the defendant or others in
his presence. See Dolan, 544 F.2d at 1221. Although there was no
expert chemical analysis of the substance in question, we find suffi-
cient evidence to support the conclusion that Porter possessed with
the intent to distribute tylox.

Accordingly, we affirm Porter's conviction and sentence. We dis-
pense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are
adequately presented in the materials before the court, and oral argu-
ment would not aid the decisional process.

AFFIRMED

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