[Cite as Vandegrift v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., 2011-Ohio-6967.]



                                       Court of Claims of Ohio
                                                                                 The Ohio Judicial Center
                                                                         65 South Front Street, Third Floor
                                                                                    Columbus, OH 43215
                                                                          614.387.9800 or 1.800.824.8263
                                                                                     www.cco.state.oh.us




CHERYL VANDEGRIFT

       Plaintiff

       v.

OHIO DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION

       Defendant

Case No. 2011-08300-AD

Deputy Clerk Daniel R. Borchert

MEMORANDUM DECISION

        {¶1}     Plaintiff, Cheryl Vandegrift, filed this action against defendant, Ohio
Department of Transportation (ODOT), contending that her vehicle was damaged as a
proximate result of negligence on the part of ODOT in maintaining a hazardous
condition on Route 30 in East Canton, Ohio. In her complaint, plaintiff described the
particular damage event noting that she was traveling east on Route 30 when she
struck a pothole.          Plaintiff recalled this incident occurred on May 15, 2011, at
approximately 9:30 p.m. Plaintiff seeks recovery of damages in the amount of $503.29,
the stated total amount for a replacement tire, rim, and reimbursement of the filing fee.
The $25.00 filing fee was paid.
        {¶2}     Defendant denied liability based on the contention that no ODOT
personnel had any knowledge of the particular damage-causing pothole prior to
plaintiff’s incident. Defendant located plaintiff’s incident “at milepost 20.39 on US 30
and milepost 19.18 on SR 172 in Stark County.”1 Defendant denied receiving any prior


        1
          Defendant explained that US 30 and SR 172 overlap at the section of roadway where plaintiff’s
incident occurred.
calls or complaints about a pothole or potholes in the vicinity of that location. Defendant
asserted that plaintiff did not offer any evidence to establish the length of time that any
pothole existed in the vicinity of milepost 20.39 on US 30 prior to plaintiff’s incident.
Defendant suggested that “it is more likely than not that the pothole existed in that
location for only a relatively short amount of time before plaintiff’s incident.”
       {¶3}   Additionally, defendant contended that plaintiff did not offer any evidence
to prove that the roadway was negligently maintained. Defendant advised that the
ODOT “Stark County Manager conducts roadway inspections on all state roadways
within the county on a routine basis, at least one to two times a month.” Apparently, no
potholes were discovered in the vicinity of plaintiff’s incident the last time that section of
roadway was inspected prior to May 15, 2011. Defendant argued that plaintiff has failed
to offer any evidence to prove her property damage was attributable to any conduct on
the part of ODOT personnel.         Defendant stated that, “[a] review of the six-month
maintenance history [record submitted] for the area in question reveals that five (5)
pothole patching operations were conducted in the eastbound direction of US 30.”
       {¶4}   Plaintiff filed a response arguing that the pothole was so big that it “should
have been detected by ODOT.” In addition, plaintiff contended that the pothole had
been reported to the East Canton Police Department. Plaintiff submitted a notation that
merely reads “9:05 John checked pot hole in front of Neidle’s. Hole is filled–5/18/2011.
Guy comes in said that he hit a large chuck hole on St Rt 30 near Green Farms.” The
second report submitted by plaintiff indicates that on May 16, 2011, at 12:30 p.m.,
Robert Newman reported that he hit a pothole in front of Neidle’s Rest on State Route
30. Referred Mr. Newman to ODOT.” Both reports are signed by the fiscal officer for
the Village of East Canton, Barbara Hall.
       {¶5}   For plaintiff to prevail on a claim of negligence, she must prove, by a
preponderance of the evidence, that defendant owed her a duty, that it breached that
duty, and that the breach proximately caused her injuries.           Armstrong v. Best Buy
Company, Inc., 99 Ohio St. 3d 79, 2003-Ohio-2573,¶8 citing Menifee v. Ohio Welding
Products, Inc. (1984), 15 Ohio St. 3d 75, 77, 15 OBR 179, 472 N.E. 2d 707. However,
“[i]t is the duty of a party on whom the burden of proof rests to produce evidence which
furnishes a reasonable basis for sustaining his claim. If the evidence so produced
furnishes only a basis for a choice among different possibilities as to any issue in the
case, he fails to sustain such burden.” Paragraph three of the syllabus in Steven v.
Indus. Comm. (1945), 145 Ohio St. 198, 30 O.O. 415, 61 N.E. 2d 198, approved and
followed.
      {¶6}    Defendant has the duty to maintain its highways in a reasonably safe
condition for the motoring public. Knickel v. Ohio Department of Transportation (1976),
49 Ohio App. 2d 335, 3 O.O. 3d 413, 361 N.E. 2d 486. However, defendant is not an
insurer of the safety of its highways. See Kniskern v. Township of Somerford (1996),
112 Ohio App. 3d 189, 678 N.E. 2d 273; Rhodus v. Ohio Dept. of Transp. (1990), 67
Ohio App. 3d 723, 588 N.E. 2d 864.
      {¶7}    In order to prove a breach of the duty to maintain the highways, plaintiff
must prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that defendant had actual or
constructive notice of the precise conditions or defects alleged to have caused the
accident.    McClellan v. ODOT (1986), 34 Ohio App. 3d 247, 517 N.E. 2d 1388.
Defendant is only liable for roadway conditions of which it has notice, but fails to
reasonably correct. Bussard v. Dept. of Transp. (1986), 31 Ohio Misc. 2d 1, 31 OBR
64, 507 N.E. 2d 1179. Despite the documentation presented in the response, there is
insufficient evidence to establish that defendant had actual notice of the pothole on US
30 prior to May 15, 2011.
      {¶8}    Therefore, to find liability, plaintiff must prove that ODOT had constructive
notice of the defect.    The trier of fact is precluded from making an inference of
defendant’s constructive notice, unless evidence is presented in respect to the time that
the defective condition developed. Spires v. Ohio Highway Department (1988), 61 Ohio
Misc. 2d 262, 577 N.E. 2d 458.
      {¶9}    In order for there to be constructive notice, plaintiff must show that
sufficient time has elapsed after the dangerous condition appears, so that under the
circumstances defendant should have acquired knowledge of its existence. Guiher v.
Dept. of Transportation (1978), 78-0126-AD . Size of the defect is insufficient to show
notice or duration of existence. O’Neil v. Department of Transportation (1988), 61 Ohio
Misc. 2d 287, 587 N.E. 2d 891. “A finding of constructive notice is a determination the
court must make on the facts of each case not simply by applying a pre-set time
standard for the discovery of certain road hazards.” Bussard at 4. “Obviously, the
requisite length of time sufficient to constitute constructive notice varies with each
specific situation.” Danko v. Ohio Dept. of Transp. (Feb. 4, 1993), Franklin App. 92AP-
1183. Insufficient evidence has been submitted to show that ODOT had constructive
notice of the pothole.
       {¶10} Generally, in order to recover in a suit involving damage proximately
caused by roadway conditions including potholes, plaintiff must prove that either: 1)
defendant had actual or constructive notice of the potholes and failed to respond in a
reasonable time or responded in a negligent manner, or 2) that defendant, in a general
sense, maintains its highways negligently.      Denis v. Department of Transportation
(1976), 75-0287-AD. Plaintiff has not produced any evidence to infer that defendant, in
a general sense, maintains its highways negligently or that defendant’s acts caused the
defective conditions. Herlihy v. Ohio Department of Transportation (1999), 99-07011-
AD. Therefore, defendant is not liable for any damage plaintiff may have suffered from
the pothole.
       {¶11} In the instant claim, plaintiff has failed to introduce sufficient evidence to
prove that defendant maintained known hazardous roadway conditions. Plaintiff failed
to prove that her property damage was connected to any conduct under the control of
defendant, or that defendant was negligent in maintaining the roadway area, or that
there was any actionable negligence on the part of defendant. Taylor v. Transportation
Dept. (1998), 97-10898-AD; Weininger v. Department of Transportation (1999), 99-
10909-AD; Witherell v. Ohio Dept. of Transportation (2000), 2000-04758-AD.
Consequently, plaintiff’s claim is denied.
                                 Court of Claims of Ohio
                                                                          The Ohio Judicial Center
                                                                  65 South Front Street, Third Floor
                                                                             Columbus, OH 43215
                                                                   614.387.9800 or 1.800.824.8263
                                                                              www.cco.state.oh.us




CHERYL VANDEGRIFT

        Plaintiff

        v.

OHIO DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION

        Defendant

         Case No. 2011-08300-AD

Deputy Clerk Daniel R. Borchert


ENTRY OF ADMINISTRATIVE DETERMINATION

         Having considered all the evidence in the claim file and, for the reasons set forth
in the memorandum decision filed concurrently herewith, judgment is rendered in favor
of defendant. Court costs are assessed against plaintiff.



                                                  ________________________________
                                                  DANIEL R. BORCHERT
                                                  Deputy Clerk

Entry cc:

Cheryl Vandergrift                                Jerry Wray, Director
1460 Fox Avenue SE                                Department of Transportation
Paris, Ohio 44669                                 1980 West Broad Street
                                                  Columbus, Ohio 43223
9/14
Filed 9/21/11
Sent to S.C. reporter 1/27/12
