                 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                             AT NASHVILLE
                                      May 5, 2003 Session

         STEVEN ANTHONY PERRY v. KELLY LEANNE PERRY v.
                        THELMA PERRY

                       Appeal from the Circuit Court for Wilson County
                            No. 3791 DVC      Clara Byrd, Judge



                     No. M2002-01180-COA-R3-CV - Filed August 7, 2003


The Circuit Court of Wilson County awarded custody of a minor child to the paternal grandmother.
The child’s mother, to whom custody had been awarded in the divorce, asserts that the facts do not
support such a drastic remedy. We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

            Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court
                                 Affirmed and Remanded

BEN H. CANTRELL, P.J., M.S., delivered the opinion of the court, in which WILLIAM B. CAIN and
PATRICIA J. COTTRELL, JJ., joined.

Jon S. Jablonski, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Kelly Leanne Perry.

Debra L. Dishmon and Susan M. Merry, Lebanon, Tennessee, for the appellee, Thelma Perry.

                                             OPINION

                                                  I.

        Steven Anthony Perry and Kelly Leanne Perry were divorced by the General Sessions Court
of Wilson County in October of 1997. The parties had one minor child, a daughter, born on July 27,
1996. A marital dissolution agreement adopted by the court awarded primary custody to Ms. Perry.
The MDA reflected that Ms. Perry was living outside the state and that Mr. Perry was incarcerated.
Nevertheless, Ms. Perry was ordered to provide the transportation for Mr. Perry to exercise visitation
every third weekend of each month from 6:00 p.m. on Friday until 6:00 p.m. on Sunday. In the event
that Mr. Perry could not exercise his visitation privileges, the right to exercise those privileges was
given to his mother.

       Ms. Perry and the child were living in Iowa with Scott Olsen. In July of 1997 Mr. Olsen had
been accused of physically abusing the child. As a result, the child was removed from the home by
the Iowa Department of Human Services for a period of weeks until the Iowa DCS allowed the adults
and the child to be reunited.

       Within a few months of the divorce the parties began trading petitions for contempt. At least
one hearing was held, and the court made some modifications to the visitation schedule but did not
impose any contempt sanctions.

        On November 16, 2000, Mr. Perry filed a petition for a change of custody alleging that the
chaotic living conditions in Mr. Olsen’s home posed a threat to the child and that the child had made
statements suggesting that Mr. Olsen had physically and sexually abused her. On December 27,
2000, the court allowed Ms. Perry to retain custody but required her to remain in the state and to
prevent Mr. Olsen from coming around the child.

        Other contempt petitions followed. Somewhere along the way the paternal grandmother
became a party, and there are orders in the record awarding custody to her. But for the majority of
the time Ms. Perry apparently had custody, and for part of that time her whereabouts were unknown.
Even when Ms. Perry finally surfaced she was jailed for refusing to divulge the location of the child.

        The general sessions court transferred the case to the circuit court, and after a hearing on
March 12 and 13 of 2002 the circuit court awarded custody to the paternal grandmother. The court
found that Ms. Perry and Mr. Olsen had no credibility, but that Mr. Olsen had not sexually molested
the child. The court, however, made the following findings:

               The Court finds that a substantial risk of harm from verbal and physical abuse
       exists if the minor child continues to reside with Mother due to Mother’s lack of
       responsibility and credibility; due to the fact that Mother will have Scot Olson in her
       life as she is carrying his child and Mr. Olson’s anger problem; due to Mother’s
       attitude and inability to teach the child respect; due to Mother’s inability to support
       the child and adequately provide for her moral upbringing and social progress, due
       to the risk that Mother and/or Mr. Olson will abscond with the child; and due to
       Mother’s inability to fulfill her only obligation of getting the child to school at the
       proper time on a regular basis.

                                                  II.

        This is not a simple custody dispute. It is not even a grandparent visitation case. This case
involves an award of primary custody to a grandparent when the parents of the child are both still
living. Since the rights of parents to care for their children is a fundamental right, the state cannot
interfere with that right absent a finding that the parents’ custody would pose a threat of significant
harm to the child. Hawk v. Hawk, 855 S.W.2d 573, 577 (Tenn. 1993).

              Therefore, in a contest between a parent and a non-parent, a parent cannot be
       deprived of the custody of a child unless there has been a finding, after notice


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       required by due process, of substantial harm to the child. Only then may a court
       engage in a general “best interest of the child” evaluation in making a determination
       of custody.

In Adoption of Female Child, 896 S.W.2d 546, 548 (Tenn. 1995).

        We think the proof in the record sustains the conclusions of the trial court. Ms. Perry has
elected to live with Scott Olsen,1 and Mr. Olsen, to say the least, has a temper problem. He was
arrested for child endangerment in 1997 for whipping the child, when the child was one year old.
In January of 1998 Mr. Olsen was arrested and charged with serious assault. The evidence is in
conflict about whether the assault was directed toward the child, but Mr. Olsen entered a guilty plea
to a misdemeanor in September of 1998. In 2000 Mr. Olsen was charged with 2nd and 3rd degree
harassment. He pled guilty to the 3rd degree charge and paid a fine. At the time of the trial Mr.
Olsen was under a charge of harassment in Wilson County.

        Mr. Olsen has been evaluated by a licensed psychologist. The psychologist concluded that
anger was a powerful part of how Mr. Olsen operated and that the anger was easily triggered. Stating
that Mr. Olsen said he “snapped” when he spanked the child in 1997, the psychologist, nevertheless,
did not detect any sign of remorse in Mr. Olsen.

        A reading of the trial transcript produces an unsettled feeling about Mr. Olsen. Viewed
against his criminal background and his psychological evaluation, his testimony does nothing to
inspire confidence in his respect for others or for the law. He repeatedly made veiled threats
concerning violence, and his entire testimony reads like a person trying to sound like an underworld
character. The trial judge had the opportunity to observe his demeanor and to assess his credibility,
two important factors the trial court must consider in determining whether the child would be in
danger if she and her mother lived with Mr. Olsen. Gaskill v. Gaskill, 936 S.W.2d 626, 631 (Tenn.
Ct. App. 1996).

        As for Ms. Perry, the court also had the opportunity to assess her credibility and demeanor.
Finding that the mother had no credibility, the court concluded that Ms. Perry could not teach the
child respect nor provide for her social progress; that there was risk that Ms. Perry and/or Mr. Olsen
would abscond with the child, a threat Mr. Olsen hinted at more than once in open court. The court
also found that the child had been absent from or late for school an excessive number of times when
she lived with Ms. Perry and Ms. Perry’s mother in the months leading up to the hearing. Ms.
Perry’s excuse for not performing this one responsibility was that the clocks sometime stopped
because the electricity was off.

        All of these factors support the conclusion that remaining with her mother would subject the
child to a threat of harm.



       1
           The record reveals that she married Mr. Olsen after the hearing below.

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        Ms. Perry also argues that, as a threshold matter, there had not been a material change of
circumstances since the entry of the divorce decree. This argument is primarily based on the fact that
Mr. Olsen’s spanking occurred before the divorce. However, the rule is that a change of custody
cannot be based on facts that were known or reasonably anticipated at the time of the prior order.
Hoalcraft v. Smithson, 19 S.W.3d 822, 829 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1999). There is no evidence that at the
time of the divorce anyone knew that the child was in a dangerous situation.

       The judgment of the court below is affirmed and the cause is remanded to the Circuit Court
of Wilson County for any further proceedings necessary. Tax the costs on appeal to Ms. Perry.




                                               _________________________________________
                                               BEN H. CANTRELL, PRESIDING JUDGE, M.S.




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