                                 2016 IL App (1st) 142582


                                                                       SECOND DIVISION
                                                                           August 2, 2016


                                       No. 1-14-2582


______________________________________________________________________________

                                    IN THE
                        APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
                           FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS,            )     Appeal from the
                                                )     Circuit Court of
                  Plaintiff-Appellee,           )     Cook County.
                                                )
v.                                              )     No. 13 CR 18024
                                                )
KENNETH JONES,                                  )     Honorables
                                                )     Mauricio Araujo,
                                                )     Dennis J. Porter,
                  Defendant-Appellant.          )     Judges Presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________

       PRESIDING JUSTICE PIERCE delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
       Justices Neville and Simon concurred in the judgment and opinion.

                                        OPINION


¶1     Following a bench trial, defendant Kenneth Jones was found guilty of retail theft and

sentenced to three years in prison. The only issue on appeal is whether an order exonerating

defendant’s bond nunc pro tunc was effective to credit defendant with additional presentence

custody credit pursuant to section 5-4.5-100(b) of the Unified Code of Corrections (730 ILCS

5/5-4.5-100(b) (West 2012)).
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¶2      Defendant’s arrest and prosecution in this case arose from an August 24, 2013, incident

during which certain merchandise was taken from a store without payment. The record reflects

that defendant was taken into custody on August 24, 2013, and released on bond on August 26,

2013.

¶3      On October 17, 2013, defendant surrendered on a charge that arose before this offense

and was taken into custody. On November 6, 2013, defendant appeared before Judge Mauricio

Araujo on this offense. Defense counsel informed the court that defendant was arrested on

October 17, 2013, “for something that occurred prior to him being arrested on this.” Counsel

then stated: “We’re asking to exonerate his bond nunc pro tunc to October 17th so that he gets

credit on this case for the time he’s in custody.” The trial court asked the State for a response,

and the State indicated that there was “no problem” because the court was entering a “no bond

order.” The court granted the motion to exonerate bond, nunc pro tunc, to October 17, 2013.

¶4      At trial, loss prevention specialist Philip Bane testified that he observed, on a store

security camera, the defendant retrieve a bag of fish, relocate to another aisle and remove two

grocery bags from his pockets. Defendant then placed the fish in a bag, put the bag in a cart,

placed a package of paper towels over the bag, and proceeded to the front of the store.

¶5      When defendant was 50 feet away from the entrance and past “all points of sale,” Bane

left his office and placed himself between defendant and the door. Defendant left the cart and the

paper towels, took the bag of fish and walked toward the doors. Bane approached defendant,

identified himself and asked defendant to drop the bag and leave. Defendant pushed Bane and

left. Bane grabbed defendant and tackled him to the ground. The State then published, without

objection, certain video footage from the store’s security system to the court.


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¶6     Defendant was ultimately found guilty of retail theft. On July 14, 2014, Judge Dennis

Porter sentenced defendant to three years in prison, imposed $409 in fines and fees and allowed

defendant a credit of $80 against the fines. The trial court credited defendant with 246 days of

presentence custody. The record indicates the presentence custody credit was calculated from

“November 13, 2014 [sic] to July 14, 2014” plus the three days defendant was initially in

custody before posting bond (August 24, 2013, to August 26, 2013). The parties agree, and we

concur, that the mittimus incorrectly reflects the proper presentence in custody credit the

defendant is entitled to but differ on the proper credit.

¶7     On appeal, defendant contends that his mittimus must be corrected to reflect 273 days of

presentence custody credit: 3 days for August 24, 2013, through August 26, 2013, and 270 days

for October 17, 2013, through July 13, 2014. See People v. Alvarez, 2012 IL App (1st) 092119,

¶ 71 (presentence custody calculation includes the days that the defendant spends in custody

prior to the day he is sentenced).

¶8     The State responds that defendant is entitled to 253 days of presentence custody credit: 3

days for August 24, 2013, through August 26, 2013, and 250 days for November 6, 2013,

through July 13, 2014. The State argues that the trial court did not have the authority to

exonerate defendant’s bond nunc pro tunc to October 17, 2013, because the purpose of the order

was outside the scope of the nunc pro tunc procedure.

¶9     Initially, we note that the State has waived any argument relating to the nunc pro tunc

order because it failed to object to the entry of the order before the trial court. See People v.

Jones, 364 Ill. App. 3d 740, 748 (2006) (the failure to object before the trial court and to raise the

issue in a posttrial motion waives that issue for review). However, because defendant’s argument


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on appeal rests upon the nunc pro tunc order, the propriety of the entry of that order has been

placed before this court. For the following reasons we conclude that the trial court improperly

exonerated defendant’s bail, nunc pro tunc, to October 17, 2013, and, therefore, vacate that

order. See Ill. S. Ct. R. 615(b)(2) (on appeal a reviewing court may “set aside, affirm, or modify

any or all of the proceedings subsequent to or dependent upon the judgment or order from which

the appeal is taken”).

¶ 10   Defendant’s argument that the nunc pro tunc order entered on November 6 gave him

additional in custody credit on this charge cannot be accepted, even where the State did not

object and presumably intended that the defendant would be considered in custody on this charge

as of October 17. The court was in error when it entered the nunc pro tunc order of November 6

for the simple reason that there was no order entered on October 17 that omitted something the

court previously did or that needed correction or clarification.

¶ 11   “[T]he use of nunc pro tunc orders or judgments is limited to incorporating into the

record something which was actually previously done by the court but inadvertently omitted by

clerical error.” People v. Melchor, 226 Ill. 2d 24, 32 (2007); see also Harreld v. Butler, 2014 IL

App (2d) 131065, ¶ 13 (“ ‘A nunc pro tunc order is an entry now for something previously done,

made to make the record speak now for what was actually done then.’ ” (Emphasis in original.)

(quoting Kooyenga v. Hertz Equipment Rentals, Inc., 79 Ill. App. 3d 1051, 1055 (1979))).

Because a nunc pro tunc amendment may reflect only what the trial court actually did, it must be

based on some note, memorandum, or other memorial in the court record. Harreld, 2014 IL App

(2d) 131065, ¶ 13.




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¶ 12   The evidence in the record “must clearly show” that the order being modified failed to

conform to the decree actually made by the trial court. McCloud v. Rodriquez, 304 Ill. App. 3d

652, 659 (1999). An order entered nunc pro tunc may not supply omitted judicial action or

correct judicial errors under the pretext of correcting clerical orders. Melchor, 226 Ill. 2d at 32-

33. Whether an order satisfies the legal criteria for a nunc pro tunc order is reviewed de novo. In

re Aaron R., 387 Ill. App. 3d 1130, 1139 (2009).

¶ 13   While defendant was on bond in this case he decided to surrender on another unrelated

charge on October 17, 2013. He was not brought before any court on this charge nor did he make

any attempt to exonerate his bond until November 6, 2013. Defendant wants credit against this

sentence for the time he was in custody on the unrelated charge (starting on October 17),

claiming a nunc pro tunc order entitles him to the credit even though he did not surrender his

bond in this case until he appeared before Judge Araujo on November 6.

¶ 14   In People v. Arnhold, 115 Ill. 2d 379, 383 (1987) our supreme court, in reviewing the

speedy-trial statute, addressed the question of when custody begins where a defendant on bond is

arrested and incarcerated for a separate offense. “We conclude that a defendant who is out on

bond on one charge, and who is subsequently rearrested and returned to custody on another

charge, is not returned to custody on the first charge until his bond is withdrawn or revoked.” Id.

The court emphasized that “we will not ignore the reality of the distinction between being in

custody and being on bond. In the case at bar defendant was arrested on unrelated charges while

he was out on bond. At that point, although he was physically in custody, his bond on the initial

charges remained in effect.” Id.




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¶ 15   After Arnhold, the supreme court again stated that a defendant arrested while on bond

remains on bond until the bond is exonerated, at which point the defendant will be considered to

be in simultaneous custody on both charges. People v. Robinson, 172 Ill. 2d 452, 458-59 (1996).

The court also instructed that “it is the legislature, and not this court, which defines sentencing

policy. It is this court’s responsibility to interpret and apply statutes in the manner in which they

are written. Indeed, if this court were to ignore the clear provisions of a statute in favor of what it

believed to constitute proper policy, this court would be improperly engaging in judicial

lawmaking.” Id. at 462.

¶ 16   Under the established precedent articulated in Arnhold and Robinson, defendant was on

bond in this case when he appeared in court and surrendered his bond on November 6, 2013. He

took no action to surrender or exonerate his bond at the time he surrendered on the other charge

on October 17. It was not until November 6, after he surrendered his bond, that he was held in

simultaneous custody on both charges. Arnhold, 115 Ill. 2d at 383; Robinson, 172 Ill. 2d at 458-

59.

¶ 17   In this case, the trial court’s November 6, 2013, order exonerating defendant’s bond nunc

pro tunc to October 17, 2013, was improper because the record does not reflect any action by

any court on October 17, 2013. In other words, notwithstanding the intentions of the defense and

the State, because a nunc pro tunc order may reflect only what the court actually did on a prior

date but was omitted by clerical error (see Harreld, 2014 IL App (2d) 130165, ¶ 13), the

November 6, 2013, order exceeded the scope of a nunc pro tunc order by attempting to supply

judicial action, i.e., the exoneration of defendant’s bond on an earlier date, that never occurred.

See Melchor, 226 Ill. 2d at 32-33. Therefore, we find that the November 6, 2013, order was an


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improper use of the nunc pro tunc procedure (see In re Aaron R., 387 Ill. App. 3d at 1139-40),

and must be vacated. Ill. S. Ct. R. 615(a). Giving effect to the November 6 order would

effectively give the circuit court, the defendant and the State the power to increase the in custody

credit beyond the parameters set by the legislature under section 5-4.5-100(b) (730 ILCS 5/5-4.5-

100(b) (West 2012)).

¶ 18   The legislature has enacted a comprehensive statute that deals with the calculation of the

term of imprisonment and the grant of credits for the number of days in custody prior to

sentencing. 730 ILCS 5/5-4.5-100 (West 2012). Under section 5-4.5-100(b), the legislature

grants a defendant credit for “the number of days spent in custody as a result of the offense for

which the sentence was imposed.” 730 ILCS 5/5-4.5-100(b) (West 2012). There is no provision

that allows for a person on bond to receive credit for the time he is in custody on a separate

charge. Under Arnhold and Robinson, it is settled law that a defendant arrested while on bond

remains on bond until the bond is exonerated, withdrawn or surrendered. The legislature has not

amended the Code of Corrections in response to either Arnhold or Robinson to grant in custody

credit under the circumstances presented in this case, and we do not have the authority to

judicially sanction the credit defendant seeks.

¶ 19   Here, defendant was in custody from August 24, 2013, until August 26, 2013. He

remained free on bond until he surrendered on a different charge on October 17, 2013. He moved

to exonerate his bond on November 6, 2013, and he was sentenced on July 14, 2014. For credit

purposes, he was in custody on this charge from August 24, 2013, until August 26, 2013 and

from November 6, 2013, through the day of sentencing. He is therefore entitled to 253 days of

presentence custody credit. Accordingly, pursuant to Rule 615(b)(1) and our ability to correct a


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mittimus without remand (People v. Rivera, 378 Ill. App. 3d 896, 900 (2008)), we correct the

mittimus to reflect a total of 253 days of presentence in custody credit.

¶ 20    In People v. Denny, 238 Ill. App. 3d 819, 824 (1992) we emphasized “that all participants

in sentencing proceedings must concern themselves with the details of those proceedings to the

same extent as they must during all prior proceedings in a criminal case.” Later, the court noted

that, “where defense counsel is aware that the defendant is in custody in another jurisdiction, ‘[i]t

behoove[s] defense counsel to move to withdraw the bond posted in the instant case in order to

allow the defendant to earn credit against his eventual sentences in the instant case at the same

time that he earned credit against his sentence in the [other jurisdiction].’ ” People v. Centeno,

394 Ill. App. 3d 710, 714 (2009) (quoting People v. DuPree, 353 Ill. App. 3d 1037, 1049

(2004)).

¶ 21    We again remind all participants in the criminal justice field that attention to detail is

critical to securing the rights of each defendant and for the proper administration of justice.

Where a defendant is on bond and taken into custody, he remains on bond until his bond is

withdrawn or revoked (Arnhold, Robinson) and that “the bond is deemed withdrawn as of the

day defendant attempted to withdraw his bond by filing the motion.” People v. Hatchett, 203 Ill.

App. 3d 989, 991 (1990). To obtain the benefit of the in custody credit, where applicable,

defense counsel should be diligent he or she is promptly moving to exonerate a defendant’s

bond.

¶ 22    For the foregoing reasons, we correct the mittimus to reflect a presentence in custody

credit of 253 days.

¶ 23    Affirmed in part and vacated in part; mittimus corrected.


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