[Cite as State v. Timpe, 2015-Ohio-5033.]



                                     IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                           TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO

                                            CLERMONT COUNTY




STATE OF OHIO,                                     :
                                                         CASE NO. CA2015-04-034
        Plaintiff-Appellee,                        :
                                                               OPINION
                                                   :            12/7/2015
   - vs -
                                                   :

KRISTOPHER EVERETT TIMPE,                          :

        Defendant-Appellant.                       :



    CRIMINAL APPEAL FROM CLERMONT COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                          Case No. 2014CR0554



D. Vincent Faris, Clermont County Prosecuting Attorney, Nicholas Horton, 76 South
Riverside Drive, 2nd Floor, Batavia, Ohio 45103, for plaintiff-appellee

R. Daniel Hannon, Clermont County Public Defender, Robert F. Benintendi, 302 East Main
Street, Batavia, Ohio 45103, for defendant-appellant



        M. POWELL, P.J.

        {¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Kristopher E. Timpe, appeals from the judgment of the

Clermont County Court of Common Pleas convicting him of voluntary manslaughter, pursuant

to his guilty plea to that charge, and sentencing him to four years in prison. We affirm the

judgment of the trial court.

        {¶ 2} In 2014, appellant, then almost 20 years old, was at his parent's home in
                                                                    Clermont CA2015-04-034

Loveland, Ohio when his older brother came home drunk. The two began arguing and a

physical altercation ensued. During the course of the fight, appellant took a folding knife from

his pocket and stabbed his brother in the chest causing his death.

       {¶ 3} Appellant was charged with voluntary manslaughter in violation of R.C.

2903.03(A), a felony of the first degree. He pled guilty to the charge. The trial court

accepted appellant's guilty plea, found him guilty as charged, and scheduled the matter for

sentencing.    Appellant's presentence investigation indicated that appellant had been

emotionally and physically abused by his older brother as well as harassed and bullied at

school, is border-line mentally retarded, and has suffered from mental disorders since

childhood.

       {¶ 4} The trial court sentenced appellant to four years in prison. In so doing, the trial

court acknowledged that a conviction for voluntary manslaughter carried a rebuttable

presumption in favor of prison. However, the trial court determined that the presumption

could not be overcome in this case, because while it was less likely that appellant would

reoffend given his lack of a criminal history, appellant's conduct was not "less serious," and,

in fact, was "even a little more serious," than conduct normally constituting the offense of

voluntary manslaughter.

       {¶ 5} Appellant now appeals and assigns the following as error:

       {¶ 6} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT THE PRESUMPTION OF A

PRISON TERM HAD NOT BEEN REBUTTED.

       {¶ 7} Appellant argues the trial court erred in finding that the presumption in favor of

a prison term had not been overcome or rebutted in light of the facts and circumstances of

this case. Specifically, he contends that the trial court's finding that his conduct was more

serious than conduct normally constituting the offense of voluntary manslaughter is not

supported by the record.
                                              -2-
                                                                     Clermont CA2015-04-034

       {¶ 8} The standard of review set forth in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) governs all felony

sentences. State v. Crawford, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2012-12-088, 2013-Ohio-3315, ¶

6. R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) provides that when considering an appeal of a trial court's felony

sentencing decision, the appellate court "shall review the record, including the findings

underlying the sentence or modification given by the sentencing court." "The appellate court

may increase, reduce, or otherwise modify a sentence that is appealed under this section or

may vacate the sentence and remand the matter to the sentencing court for resentencing."

R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). "The appellate court's standard for review is not whether the sentencing

court abused its discretion." Id. Instead, the appellate court may take any action authorized

under R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) only if it "clearly and convincingly finds" that either (1) "the record

does not support the sentencing court's findings under division (B) or (D) of section 2929.13,

division (B)(2)(e) or (C)(4) of section 2929.14, or division (I) of section 2929. 20 of the

Revised Code, whichever, if any, is relevant;" or (2) "[t]hat the sentence is otherwise contrary

to law." Crawford at ¶ 7; quoting R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)(a)-(b). "A felony sentence is not clearly

and convincingly contrary to law where the trial court considers the principles and purposes

of R.C. 2929.11, as well as the factors listed in R.C. 2929.12, properly imposes postrelease

control, and sentences appellant within the permissible statutory range." State v. Back, 12th

Dist. Butler Nos. CA2015-03-037 and CA2015-03-038, 2015-Ohio-4447, ¶ 18.

       {¶ 9} Additionally, it is important to remember that R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) "'does not say

that the trial judge must have clear and convincing evidence to support its findings[,]''' rather,

"'it is the court of appeals that must clearly and convincingly find that the record does not

support the [trial] court's findings.'" Crawford at ¶ 8, quoting State v. Venes, 8th Dist.

Cuyahoga No. 98682, 2013-Ohio-1891, ¶ 21. Thus, "the language in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)

establishes an 'extremely deferential standard of review' for 'the restriction is on the appellate

court, not the trial judge.'" Crawford, quoting Venes.
                                               -3-
                                                                                  Clermont CA2015-04-034

        {¶ 10} Appellant pled guilty to, and was convicted of, voluntary manslaughter, a felony

of the first degree. R.C. 2929.13(D)(1) provides that for a felony of the first degree, it is

presumed that a prison term is necessary in order to comply with the purposes and principles

of sentencing under R.C. 2929.11. R.C. 2929.13(D)(2) provides that notwithstanding this

presumption, the sentencing court may impose a community control sanction or a

combination of community control sanctions instead of a prison term on an offender for a

felony of the first degree if it makes both of the following findings:

                 (a) A community control sanction or a combination of community
                 control sanctions would adequately punish the offender and
                 protect the public from future crime, because the applicable
                 factors under section 2929.12 of the Revised Code indicating a
                 lesser likelihood of recidivism outweigh the applicable factors
                 under that section indicating a greater likelihood of recidivism.

                 (b) A community control sanction or a combination of community
                 control sanctions would not demean the seriousness of the
                 offense, because one or more factors under section 2929.12 of
                 the Revised Code that indicate that the offender's conduct was
                 less serious than conduct normally constituting the offense are
                 applicable, and they outweigh the applicable factors under that
                 section that indicate that the offender's conduct was more
                 serious than conduct normally constituting the offense.

        {¶ 11} Here, the trial court began its analysis by finding that there was a lesser

likelihood of "recidivism" in this case, i.e., a lesser likelihood that appellant would reoffend,

given his lack of a criminal history. However, the trial court concluded that appellant's

conduct was not "less serious," and, in fact, was even a "little more" serious, than conduct

normally constituting the offense of voluntary manslaughter. The trial court acknowledged

that the victim had provoked the fight, but the court pointed out that the offense of which

appellant was convicted, voluntary manslaughter in violation of R.C. 2903.03(A), already

"contemplates a fight, anger, provocation by a victim that results in * * * death."1 The trial



1. R.C. 2903.03(A) states that "[n]o person, while under the influence of sudden passion or in a sudden fit of
rage, either of which is brought on by serious provocation occasioned by the victim that is reasonably sufficient to
                                                        -4-
                                                                                Clermont CA2015-04-034

court opined that if appellant had just "slashed" the victim and "maybe caught an artery" and

the victim died as a result, "that could be less serious." However, the trial court observed that

this case involved "a stab wound in the chest[,]" and that if somebody "stick[s] in [sic] a knife

into someone's chest that it's incredibly likely that the person [stabbed] is going to die." The

trial court added that "I think when you knowingly stab one in the chest in the heart area that

it's quite frankly even a little more serious than what you see in voluntary manslaughter

[cases]."

        {¶ 12} Appellant argues the trial court's determination that his conduct was a "little

more serious" than conduct normally constituting the offense of voluntary manslaughter was

not supported by the record, because it was based on the trial court's "conclusion that [he]

'knowingly' stabbed his brother in the chest[,]" a conclusion that appellant asserts "is simply

wrong." Appellant states that he was being pummeled or choked by his brother who sat

astride him as he lay on the ground and that he reached in his pocket to get his knife and

stabbed his brother in what he thought was his stomach. Appellant contends that he "had no

intention of killing his brother by delivering a blow to his heart." He further contends that the

trial court's "conclusion that [he] 'knowingly' stabbed his brother in the heart was erroneous[,]"

and that "[t]his erroneous conclusion lead [sic] the court to finding [his] conduct more serious

than conduct normally constituting the offense." We find these arguments unpersuasive.

        {¶ 13} Contrary to what appellant asserts in his brief, the trial court did not actually

state that appellant "'knowingly' stabbed his brother in the heart." Instead, the trial court

stated, "I think when you knowingly stab one in the chest in the heart area * * *." Thus, the

trial court, at most, indicated that appellant stabbed his brother "in the chest in the heart

area[,]" but carefully avoided saying that appellant "knowingly" stabbed his brother in the


incite the person into using deadly force, shall knowingly cause the death of another or the unlawful termination
of another's pregnancy."

                                                      -5-
                                                                      Clermont CA2015-04-034

heart.

         {¶ 14} Appellant's argument on this point is designed to show that either he did not act

with the requisite intent to commit the offense of voluntary manslaughter or that he was

acting in self-defense when he stabbed his brother. Thus, appellant contends that the record

does not support the trial court's finding that appellant knowingly stabbed his brother in the

chest, but instead, shows that he was trying to stab his brother in the stomach. However,

assuming this to be the case, stabbing one in the stomach would cause or potentially cause

serious physical injury, including death. In any event, appellant pled guilty to the charge of

first-degree voluntary manslaughter, and thus admitted committing all the elements of that

offense, including that he "knowingly" caused the death of his brother. See Crim.R. 11(B) (a

guilty plea "is a complete admission of the defendant's guilt"). Therefore, it is too late to raise

these arguments now.

         {¶ 15} Appellant argues the trial court never made reference to the "more serious" or

"less serious" factors listed in R.C. 2929.12(B) and (C), respectively. However, the trial court

did mention the issue of the seriousness of appellant's conduct at the sentencing hearing and

explicitly found that knowingly stabbing another in the chest is not a less serious form of the

offense.     Additionally, while the trial court did not make an explicit reference to the

"seriousness" factors set forth in R.C. 2929.12(B) and (C), it is clear from the record that the

trial court considered these factors, nonetheless. For example, the trial court acknowledged

at the sentencing hearing that appellant was provoked by his older brother, the victim in this

case, which is a "less serious" factor under R.C. 2929.12(C)(2). The trial court also

considered whether, in committing the offense, appellant expected to cause physical harm to

the victim, which is another "less serious" factor under R.C. 2929.12(C)(3).

         {¶ 16} Appellant correctly points out that the only "more serious" factor that applies in

this case is the one contained in R.C. 2929.12(B)(2), i.e., "[t]he victim of the offense suffered
                                                -6-
                                                                       Clermont CA2015-04-034

serious physical * * * harm as a result of the offense." Appellant discounts this factor, stating

that "[w]hile this is obviously true, the voluntary manslaughter statute already contemplates

death.    So this factor, while applicable, is self-evident from the charge."          Appellant's

implication is that the "serious physical harm" factor cannot be used to show that appellant's

conduct was "more serious" than "conduct normally constituting the offense" of voluntary

manslaughter. R.C. 2929.12(B).

         {¶ 17} Appellant then argues that the four "less serious" factors listed under R.C.

2929.12(C), i.e., (1) "[t]he victim induced or facilitated the offense," (2) "the offender acted

under strong provocation," (3) "the offender did not cause or expect to cause physical harm

to any person or property," and (4) "[t]here are substantial grounds to mitigate the offender's

conduct[,]" generally favor a finding that his conduct was "less serious." However, appellant

overlooks that the "less serious" factors listed in R.C. 2929.12(C)(1) and (2) both involve

elements of the offense of voluntary manslaughter. See R.C. 2903.03(A) quoted in fn. 2

above. Therefore, those factors do little, if anything, to show that appellant's conduct was

"less serious" than conduct normally constituting the offense of voluntary manslaughter. R.C.

2929.12(C).

         {¶ 18} As to the factor listed in R.C. 2929.12(C)(3), i.e., "the offender did not cause or

expect to cause physical harm to any person or property," this factor clearly does not favor

appellant, since stabbing another, whether in the chest or stomach, is likely to cause serious

physical harm, including death, as it did here.

         {¶ 19} As to the factor listed in R.C. 2929.12(C)(4), i.e., "[t]he are substantial grounds

to mitigate the offender's conduct," appellant's history of being abused by his brother and

being bullied and harassed at school, his border-line mental retardation, and his mental

health history qualify as mitigating factors, for purposes of R.C. 2929.12(C)(4). However, it is

apparent that the trial court did not consider these mitigating factors to be "substantial" or at
                                                -7-
                                                                      Clermont CA2015-04-034

least substantial enough to outweigh appellant's conduct of stabbing his brother in the chest.

Applying the standard of review set forth in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2), we cannot "clearly and

convincingly" find that the record does not support the trial court's findings on the

"seriousness" issues under R.C. 2929.13(D)(2)(b).

       {¶ 20} Finally, the trial court's sentencing entry indicates that the trial court considered

the principles and purposes of sentencing. Thus, the record indicates that the trial court

considered the necessary factors.

       {¶ 21} In light of the standard of appellate review set forth in R.C. 2953.08(G), we do

not clearly and convincingly find that the record does not support the trial court's finding that

the presumption in favor of prison time was not overcome or rebutted, or that appellant's

sentence is otherwise contrary to law.

       {¶ 22} Accordingly, appellant's assignment of error is overruled.

       {¶ 23} Judgment affirmed.


       RINGLAND and HENDRICKSON, JJ., concur.




                                               -8-
