                          STATE OF MICHIGAN

                           COURT OF APPEALS



PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,                                   UNPUBLISHED
                                                                   January 27, 2015
               Plaintiff-Appellee,

v                                                                  No. 317087
                                                                   Wayne Circuit Court
CHARLES FRAZIER,                                                   LC No. 12-007447-FH

               Defendant-Appellant.


Before: CAVANAGH, P.J., and JANSEN and RONAYNE KRAUSE, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

        Defendant appeals by right his jury-trial convictions of possession with intent to deliver
(PWID) less than 50 grams of heroin, MCL 333.7401(2)(a)(iv), possession of a firearm by a
felon (felon-in-possession), MCL 750.224f, and possession of a firearm during the commission
of a felony (felony-firearm), MCL 750.227b. The trial court sentenced defendant to concurrent
prison terms of 29 months to 20 years for the PWID conviction and 1 to 5 years for the felon-in-
possession conviction, to run consecutive to a term of two years in prison for the felony-firearm
conviction. We affirm.

      This case arises from an arrest and seizure of heroin and a firearm in the early evening of
May 1, 2012, in Detroit, Michigan. Detroit Police Officers Marcus Thirkill, Timothy Jones, and
Brandon Cawley were performing a routine patrol near a house that they believed was
abandoned.

        The officers saw defendant standing with a group of four or five men in the street and
driveway area in front of the house. As they approached, defendant began to back away from the
group, proceeding toward the house. Thirkill parked the car and saw defendant grab at the right
side of his pants as if he were holding something. Thirkill recognized the object as the top of a
firearm. He alerted the other officers about the potential weapon and exited the squad car.

        Thirkill announced himself as a police officer and told defendant to stop, but defendant
ran into the house and shut the front door. The other officers exited the car. Jones stayed with
the other men outside and Cawley ran to the rear of the house. Through a window, Cawley saw
defendant run to a bedroom in the back of the house with an object in his hand. Defendant raised
the object and pointed it at Cawley. Cawley believed it was a handgun or a weapon based on
Thirkill’s comment and the way defendant held it with outstretched arms pointed forward.
Cawley moved out of the way of the window and warned the other officers that defendant was
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armed. Hearing Cawley’s warning, Thirkill decided to kick down the front door and force entry.
He detained defendant in handcuffs in the living room.

       Cawley went to the rear bedroom where he had witnessed defendant holding the object.
He recovered a handgun from under the bed. Thirkill arrested defendant and performed a pat-
down search which yielded a plastic bag containing 21 individual packets of heroin.

       Gerrick Woodard, a relative of defendant, testified at trial that the gun police recovered
was his and that the house was not a drug house, but was his residence. Woodard stated that
defendant was not carrying a gun at the time of the arrest.

       On appeal, defendant argues that trial counsel’s failure to present additional witnesses
and a video of the arrest amounted to ineffective assistance of counsel. We disagree.

        As an initial matter, defendant failed to move for a new trial or evidentiary hearing in the
trial court, and filed a motion to remand for an evidentiary hearing only after appealing. This
Court denied defendant’s motion.1 Accordingly, our review is limited to mistakes apparent from
the record. People v Horn, 279 Mich App 31, 38; 755 NW2d 212 (2008).

        To establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, defendant must demonstrate that
(1) counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness under prevailing
professional norms, and (2) there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s error, the
result of the proceedings would have been different. Strickland v Washington, 466 US 668, 694;
104 S Ct 2052; 80 L Ed 2d 674 (1984); People v Trakhtenberg, 493 Mich 38, 51; 826 NW2d 136
(2012). Defense counsel is “ ‘strongly presumed to have rendered adequate assistance and made
all significant decisions in the exercise of reasonable and professional judgment.’ ” People v
Vaughn, 491 Mich 642, 670; 821 NW2d 288 (2012), quoting Strickland, 466 US at 690.
Defendant bears the burden of overcoming this presumption. People v LeBlanc, 465 Mich 575,
578, 640 NW2d 246 (2002).

        Decisions regarding what evidence to present and whether to call a certain witness are
presumptively matters of trial strategy. People v Rockey, 237 Mich App 74, 76-77; 601 NW2d
887 (1999). This Court does not substitute its own judgment for counsel’s strategic decisions or
assess trial counsel’s competency with the benefit of hindsight. People v Payne, 285 Mich App
181, 190; 774 NW2d 714 (2009). Failure to call particular witnesses or present particular
evidence can constitute ineffective assistance only if it deprives the defendant of a substantial
defense. People v Russell, 297 Mich App 707, 716; 825 NW2d 623 (2012); Payne, 285 Mich
App at 190. A substantial defense is one that might have made a difference in the outcome of the
trial. People v Chapo, 283 Mich App 360, 371; 770 NW2d 68 (2009).

     Defendant argues that trial counsel should have presented three additional witnesses,
DaRon Lovell Jenkins, Macus Taylor, and Londell Bright, as well as a cell phone video that


1
 People v Frazier, unpublished order of the Court of Appeals, entered May 2, 2014 (Docket No.
317087).


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Bright made of the incident. But the record supplies a legitimate rationale for trial counsel’s
decision not to present these proposed witnesses. The trial court had adjourned trial and warned
the parties that no additional time would be granted to prepare additional witnesses. Taylor and
Bright were not then named on defendant’s witness list and defendant’s counsel may have
reasonably believed it best not to deviate from the list.

        As to the second element, nothing in the record suggests that the result would have been
different if the proposed witnesses had testified at trial or if Bright’s video had been admitted
into evidence. Though our review is confined to errors apparent on the record, the affidavits that
defendant presented do not compel a different conclusion. None of the proposed witnesses
disputed defendant’s heroin possession. Taylor and Jenkins both averred that the police entered
the home without a search warrant, but defendant does not challenge the search. Jenkins would
have testified that Woodard owned the gun, but his proposed testimony includes statements made
by Woodard and would constitute inadmissible hearsay. Further, Woodard’s claimed ownership
of the gun does not address defendant’s possession of the gun. Taylor stated that defendant did
not have a gun, but that is not inconsistent with Officer Thirkill’s claim that defendant was
attempting to conceal the weapon. Bright’s affidavit does not refer to defendant’s conduct or
arrest at all; he avers only that there were six officers on the scene, that the other men were
detained, and that he videotaped the incident. Finally, all of this proposed testimony would have
been cumulative of Woodard’s testimony. Defendant has failed to overcome the presumption
that counsel was engaged in sound trial strategy. See Rockey, 237 Mich App at 76-77. He was
not deprived of a substantial defense.

       Affirmed.

                                                            /s/ Mark J. Cavanagh
                                                            /s/ Kathleen Jansen
                                                            /s/ Amy Ronayne Krause




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