Note: Decisions of a three-justice panel are not to be considered as precedent before any tribunal.



                                           ENTRY ORDER

                           SUPREME COURT DOCKET NO. 2010-340

                                        MARCH TERM, 2011

 Lee R. Chapman, Sr.                                   }    APPEALED FROM:
                                                       }
                                                       }
    v.                                                 }    Superior Court, Rutland Unit,
                                                       }    Civil Division
                                                       }
 Robert Spaulding Enterprises, Inc.,                   }    DOCKET NO. 724-10-09 Rdcv
 Robert Spaulding and Lori Lea Spaulding               }

                                                            Trial Judge: William Cohen

                          In the above-entitled cause, the Clerk will enter:

        Lori Lea Spaulding appeals from the trial court’s order granting summary judgment to
plaintiff in this workers’ compensation collection action. She argues that she should not be held
personally liable for the debt owed to plaintiff because her association with the employer-
corporation was minimal. We affirm.

        Plaintiff was employed by Robert Spaulding Enterprises, Inc., a Vermont corporation.
Robert and Lori Spaulding are officers of the corporation: Robert is president; Lori is vice-
president and secretary. Lori also owns fifty percent of the stock in the corporation. It is
undisputed that in June 2005, plaintiff suffered a work-related injury. Employer did not have
workers’ compensation insurance. The Department of Labor has determined that plaintiff is
owed over $23,000 in workers’ compensation benefits, including interest and penalties. Plaintiff
filed an action to collect this debt from Robert and Lori, personally, pursuant to 21 V.S.A.
§ 687(b)(1). That statute provides that when a corporate employer fails to secure workers’
compensation insurance as required under 21 V.S.A. § 687, then “the officers and majority
stockholders of the corporation shall be personally liable for any benefits owed to the injured
employee under this chapter.” Id. § 687(b)(1).

        Lori argued that, although she was a corporate officer, she should not be held personally
liable for the workers’ compensation debt because she did not control any aspect of the business
in which the corporation was engaged. She asked the court to adopt a “three-part inquiry” set
forth in Rock v. Dep’t of Taxes, 170 Vt. 1, 11 (1999), to determine if she should be held
personally liable. The court found this case inapposite as it addressed a wholly different
statute—one that applied only to those particular corporate officers who had a duty to withhold
and transmit taxes. The workers’ compensation statute, by contrast, did not limit liability only to
those officers who had a duty to secure workers’ compensation; it expressly applied to all
corporate officers. The court thus concluded that, as an officer of the corporation during the
period in issue, Lori was personally liable for the workers’ compensation benefits owed to
plaintiff under 21 V.S.A. § 687(b)(1). This appeal followed.

         On appeal, Lori reiterates her position that the statute should be construed to impose
liability only on those corporate officers who actually participate in the running of the
corporation. She maintains that the statutory language is ambiguous. Specifically, she suggests
that by referring to “officers and majority shareholders,” the Legislature intended to make liable
only those shareholders who chose to direct the corporation through a significant financial
commitment.

        We reject appellant’s interpretation of § 687(b)(1), and her assertion that this provision is
ambiguous. In interpreting a statute, we presume that the Legislature intended the plain,
ordinary meaning of the language used. Burlington Elec. Dep’t v. Vt. Dep’t of Taxes, 154 Vt.
332, 335 (1990). When statutory language is clear and unambiguous, we must enforce the
statute according to its terms. State v. Eldredge, 2006 VT 80, ¶ 7, 180 Vt. 278. In this case, the
Legislature left no doubt as to who should be held liable for an employee’s on-the-job injuries
when a corporation fails to purchase workers’ compensation insurance. It expressly stated that
under such circumstances, “the officers and majority stockholders of the corporation shall be
personally liable for any benefits owed to the injured employee under this chapter.” 21 V.S.A.
§ 687(b)(1). There is no room for any other interpretation, and no need to look to the three-part
test set forth in Rock as a “roadmap” in assessing liability. Because Lori is an officer of the
corporation, the trial court properly concluded that she was personally liable to plaintiff as a
matter of law.

       Affirmed.

                                              BY THE COURT:

                                              _______________________________________
                                              Paul L. Reiber, Chief Justice

                                              _______________________________________
                                              John A. Dooley, Associate Justice

                                              _______________________________________
                                              Marilyn S. Skoglund, Associate Justice




                                                 2
