Opinion filed November 12, 2015




                                              In The


           Eleventh Court of Appeals
                                          __________

                                    No. 11-13-00350-CV
                                        __________

      1998 BLACK MITSUBISHI 3000 GT, TEXAS LP #811PKJ,
           VIN JA3AM44H9WY001446, ET AL., Appellants
                                                 V.
                        THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

                         On Appeal from the 43rd District Court
                                 Parker County, Texas
                           Trial Court Cause No. CV12-0542


                         MEMORANDUM OPINION
       This is an appeal from a civil forfeiture proceeding brought by the State to
obtain forfeiture of twenty-three items of personal property belonging to Jimmy
Wayne Mack.1 Of the twenty-three items, the trial court found that the following

       1
         Under a docket equalization order, the Supreme Court of Texas transferred this appeal from the
Second Court of Appeals to the Eleventh Court of Appeals. As required under TEX. R. APP. P. 41.3, we
will decide this case in accordance with the precedent of the Second Court of Appeals.
were contraband under Chapter 59 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure 2 and
ordered them forfeited: a 1998 Mitsubishi 3000 GT; a 2004 Swift motorcycle; a 1987
Mercedes; an iPhone 4; an AT&T smart phone; a Compaq laptop computer; a
Toshiba laptop computer; a Gateway laptop computer; Nikon binoculars; Bushnell
binoculars; a Dell Studio laptop computer; a Compaq laptop computer; a night vision
scope with case; a Sony portable DVD player; a SolarEdge solar panel; a 6V solar
panel; a Royal Sovereign money counter; and an LG surround sound speaker system.
The trial court did not find that the following items were contraband: multiple game
cameras with solar panel; two Reconyx game cams; two Moultrie game cams; and a
Wildgame game cam. See CRIM. PROC. art. 59.02. However, on appeal, Appellant
abandons his challenge as to the 1998 Mitsubishi automobile. We affirm.3
       Proceedings to forfeit seized property are civil in nature. Id. art. 59.05(b).
Neither findings of fact nor conclusions of law were timely requested or filed. When
no findings of fact are filed, the appellate court must presume that the trial court
made all the necessary findings to support the judgment. $162,950 in Currency of
U.S. v. State, 911 S.W.2d 528, 529 (Tex. App.—Eastland 1995, writ denied). We
will affirm the judgment if it can be upheld on any legal theory that finds support in
the evidence. Id.
       In a forfeiture proceeding, the State must prove by a preponderance of the
evidence that the property seized is contraband and, therefore, that the property is
subject to forfeiture. CRIM. PROC. arts. 59.02(a), 59.05(b); $162,950 in Currency of
U.S., 911 S.W.2d at 529. Contraband is defined as “property of any nature, including


       2
           TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. ch. 59 (West 2006 & Supp. 2014).
       3
          On this same day in companion cases, A 5 Acre Tract of Land and All Improvements Thereupon,
Bearing the Address: 1483 Friendship Road, Weatherford, Parker County, Texas 76085 v. State, No. 11-
13-00352-CV, and 2000 Black Ford F-150, Texas License Plate 21LKN5, VIN: 1FTRX18L6YKA80489,
et al. v. State, No. 11-13-00353-CV, we have affirmed the judgments in which Appellant was ordered to
forfeit both real and personal property to the State in trial court cause nos. CV12-0976 and CV12-0538.

                                                  2
real, personal, tangible, or intangible, that is used or intended to be used in the
commission of any felony under Chapter 481, Health and Safety Code (Texas
Controlled Substances Act).” Id. art. 59.01(2)(B)(i). The State is not required to
prove that a specific crime was committed. $162,950 in Currency of U.S., 911
S.W.2d at 529. “The State must establish, by a preponderance of the evidence, a
substantial nexus or connection between the property to be forfeited and the
statutorily defined criminal activity.” $574.37 U.S. Coin & Currency v. State, No. 2-
06-434-CV, 2008 WL 623793, at *3 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Mar. 6, 2008, no pet.)
(mem. op.). The State must prove that it is more reasonably probable than not that
the seized property was either intended for use in, or derived from, a violation of any
offense under the forfeiture statute. Id. Facts may be proved by circumstantial
evidence, but the proof must raise more than a mere surmise or suspicion regarding
the source of the property. Id.
        To review Appellant’s legal sufficiency challenge, we review all of the
evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court’s judgment and indulge every
reasonable inference in its favor. City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 827
(Tex. 2005). We credit any favorable evidence if a reasonable factfinder could and
disregard any contrary evidence unless a reasonable factfinder could not. Id. at 821–
22, 827. We may sustain a legal sufficiency challenge only when (1) the record
discloses a complete absence of evidence of a vital fact, (2) the trial court is barred
by rules of law or of evidence from giving weight to the only evidence offered to
prove a vital fact, (3) the evidence offered to prove a vital fact is no more than a
mere scintilla, or (4) the evidence establishes conclusively the opposite of a vital
fact. Id. at 810.
      When we review a factual sufficiency challenge, we consider all of the
evidence and uphold the challenged finding unless it is so against the overwhelming
weight of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and unjust. Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d
                                          3
175, 176 (Tex. 1986). But factfinders “are the sole judges of the credibility of the
witnesses and the weight to give their testimony. They may choose to believe one
witness and disbelieve another.” City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at 819 (footnote
omitted). If the evidence at trial would enable reasonable minds to differ in their
conclusions, we do not substitute our judgment, so long as the evidence falls within
the zone of reasonable disagreement. Id. at 822.
      Appellant cites both of the standards of review and then argues that there was
insufficient evidence to support a judgment that the items ordered to be forfeited
were contraband. We disagree. The evidence shows that Appellant was a known
drug dealer. He admitted to Deputy Cyrus Crum of the Parker County Sheriff’s
Office that he had dealt drugs between 2006 and 2012. Additionally, he had pleaded
guilty in federal court to conspiracy to distribute and possess with intent to distribute
a controlled substance and received a twenty-year prison sentence.
      Officer David Bravo of the Weatherford Police Department testified that all
twenty-three items were seized from Appellant’s home and that it was his belief that
the items were either used in the course of the commission of a felony or were
proceeds gained from the commission of this felony.
      Deputy Crum testified that Appellant confirmed that he had not worked since
he worked at Southwest Ford around 2006. Further, there was no indication that
Appellant had any other legitimate source of income in recent years.                   But
Deputy Crum found “dope notes” in a red notebook at Appellant’s home that
contained details showing approximately $95,000 in methamphetamine sales.
Additionally, Appellant acknowledges that the evidence was “overwhelming and
uncontroverted” that his residence was used in the commission of a felony. We hold
that the evidence is legally sufficient to support the trial court’s finding that the items
seized were contraband.


                                            4
      Appellant highlights Deputy Crum’s testimony that Appellant periodically
purchased, repaired, and resold cars for a profit; gambled regularly; and frequented
game rooms. But there is no evidence that Appellant received income on a regular
basis from any of those activities. Appellant also elicited testimony from Officer
Bravo that, during the time Appellant was unemployed, it was not possible for him
to have had a job for two of those years because he was in prison. We hold that the
evidence is also factually sufficient to support the trial court’s findings that the items
seized and forfeited were contraband. Because the evidence is both legally and
factually sufficient to support the judgment of the trial court, we overrule
Appellant’s sole point of error.
      We affirm the judgment of the trial court.




                                                       JIM R. WRIGHT
                                                       CHIEF JUSTICE


November 12, 2015
Panel consists of: Wright, C.J.,
Willson, J., and Bailey, J.




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