            IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

J. C.,                                            :
                       Petitioner                 :
                                                  : CASE SEALED
               v.                                 : No. 1150 C.D. 2017
                                                  : Submitted: February 16, 2018
Department of Human Services,                     :
                 Respondent                       :


BEFORE:        HONORABLE MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge
               HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
               HONORABLE DAN PELLEGRINI, Senior Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY PRESIDENT JUDGE LEAVITT                                          FILED: May 15, 2018

               J. C. (Parent), pro se, petitions for review of an adjudication of the
Department of Human Services, Bureau of Hearings and Appeals (Department)1
adopting the recommended report of an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ). The ALJ
recommended that Parent’s request for an extension of the monthly adoption
assistance she receives for her son (Child) be denied. Parent contends that she is
entitled to adoption assistance benefits until Child turns 21 years of age, which she
needs to meet Child’s college expenses. We affirm.
               Adoption assistance benefits are provided under the federal Adoption
Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 19802 for “children with special needs [and]
kinship guardianship assistance,” where the state enacts implementing legislation.




1
  The Department did not file a brief in this matter.
2
  42 U.S.C. §§670-679c.
42 U.S.C. §§670, 671. Pennsylvania did so with the statute commonly known as the
Adoption Opportunities Act (Adoption Act);3 its stated intention is to

              encourage and promote the placement in adoptive homes of
              children who are physically and/or mentally handicapped,
              emotionally disturbed, or hard to place by virtue of age, sibling
              relationship, or ethnicity.

Section 771 of the Adoption Act, 62 P.S. §771.
              Adoption assistance benefits authorized by the Adoption Act are
administered by the children and youth services office (CYS) of the county in which
the adopting parents reside. 55 Pa. Code §3140.203(a). If the adopting parents
qualify for assistance, they execute an adoption assistance agreement at the time of
the final adoption decree. The adoption assistance benefits continue until one of the
following occurs:

              (1)    The child reaches 18 years of age.
              (2)    The adoptive parents are no longer providing for the
                     financial support of the child.
              (3)    The parents are determined by court action to no longer be
                     legally responsible for the child.
              (4)    The adoptive parents request termination of adoption
                     assistance.

55 Pa. Code §3140.204(e).
              Child was born on August 7, 1998, and he was adopted six years later.
At the time of his adoption, Parent did not execute an adoption assistance agreement.
Parent appealed the lack of adoption assistance, and on July 1, 2010, Parent and CYS



3
 Act of June 13, 1967, P.L. 31, as amended, added by Section 1 of the Act of December 30, 1974,
P.L. 1039, 62 P.S. §§771-774.
                                              2
executed a settlement agreement that called for a one-time payment of $23,400 and
a monthly payment of $300 until Child reached his 18th birthday. The agreement
expressly identified the circumstances that would cause termination of the adoption
assistance:

              (1)   [Child] reaches the age of 18.
              (2)   [Parent] is no longer legally responsible for the support of
                    [Child].
              (3)   [Child] is no longer receiving support from [Parent].
              (4)   [Parent] requests termination of the assistance.

Certified Record (C.R.) Item No. 7 at 2.
              Thereafter, in 2015, Parent requested CYS to extend the duration of the
adoption assistance benefits. When the request was denied, Parent appealed. The
Department dismissed Parent’s appeal because Child’s benefits had not yet been
terminated. Parent then requested reconsideration, which the Secretary of Human
Services granted. By this point, CYS had sent Parent a letter notifying her of
termination of the adoption assistance benefits upon Child’s 18th birthday. The ALJ
conducted a hearing on June 5, 2017.
              At the hearing, Susan Hyatt testified for CYS. She explained that at the
time of Child’s adoption, he was almost six years old. Six years later, on July 1,
2010, CYS and Parent signed an adoption assistance agreement that provided for a
termination of assistance upon Child’s 18th birthday. Hyatt explained that an
extension of assistance to the adopted child’s 21st birthday is available where the
child is at least 13 years old at the time the adoption assistance agreement is
executed. Because Child was 11 years of age when the settlement agreement



                                           3
providing for adoption assistance was signed, Parent was not eligible for an
extension.
             Parent also testified before the ALJ. She explained that she requested
the extension because of her poor health and concern for Child’s ability to continue
his college education.

             I had a heart attack in 2015 which gave me concern with [Child]
             that he needed to find extra help to support him into going into
             college. He’s very gifted. At the time of the subsidy agreement
             just to 18, I realize [CYS is] responsible for the children until
             they’re 21 --- and the need to support and have [Child] in college
             until age 21. And I’d appreciate it if that could be continued so
             I can help this child go on to be accepted at college. And he is
             very gifted. And this would really help out --- maybe it’s not
             much, but it will help out. That’s it, Your Honor. Thank you
             very much.

Notes of Testimony (N.T.), 6/5/2017, at 25-26; C.R. Item No. 12 at 25-26. On cross-
examination, Parent acknowledged that she signed the settlement agreement in 2010,
which provided for adoption assistance payments that would terminate on Child’s
18th birthday. It did not provide that the assistance could be extended to Child’s 21st
birthday should Parent develop health problems.
             The ALJ concluded that Parent’s appeal should be denied. In support,
the ALJ made the following findings of fact relevant to this appeal:

             1.     [Child’s] date of birth is August 7, 1998.
             2.     On January 9, 2004, [Parent] adopted [Child].
             3.     On June 30, 2010, the adoption agreement was amended
                    to include an adoption subsidy for [Child].
             4.     The adoption assistance agreement specifically stated that
                    the adoption assistance paid to [Parent] would end on
                    [Child’s] 18th birthday.

                                          4
                                           ***
               11.     [Child] was aged 5 years and 5 months when [Parent]
                       adopted him in 2004.
               12.     [Child] was aged 11 years and 6 months when the adoption
                       assistance agreement was amended in 2010.

Proposed Adjudication, 7/25/2017, at 2-4; C.R. Item No. 9 at 3, 5. The ALJ
concluded that under the Adoption Act, the Department’s regulation and the
adoption assistance agreement, CYS was required to terminate adoption assistance
benefits upon Child reaching age 18. The ALJ acknowledged that the Adoption Act
provides exemptions from this rule, but it applies

               only in cases where the subject child was at least thirteen (13)
               years of age at the time of the adoption assistance agreement. In
               this case, [Child] was approximately [5½] years old at the time
               of the original adoption. [Child] was approximately [11½] years
               old on June 30, 2010 when the adoption assistance agreement
               was amended. As such, [Child] does not meet the criteria to even
               be assessed to see if he meets an exception.

Proposed Adjudication, 7/25/2017, at 12; C.R. Item No. 9 at 13. The ALJ concluded
that Parent was bound by the terms of the agreement.
               On July 31, 2017, the Department’s Chief Administrative Law Judge
adopted the ALJ’s recommended adjudication. Parent petitioned for this Court’s
review.
               On appeal,4 Parent raises two issues. First, she contends that the
Department erred because it did not consider that Child was going to college and




4
  This Court’s review “is to determine whether the Department’s adjudication is supported by
substantial evidence, is in accordance with the law or whether constitutional rights were violated.”
Myers v. Department of Human Services, 141 A.3d 608, 611 n.9 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2016).
                                                 5
that Parent had medical issues. Second, she contends that the Adoption Act requires
the Department to provide adoption assistance until Child reaches age 21.
               Parent’s brief, however, does not develop either issue.5 Rather, the
entirety of Parent’s argument follows:

               My main point in this, these children, that they were in custody
               of, Children and Youth from the beginning. I started fighting for
               these children back in 2002! Children and Youth raised the goal
               to adoption. The age was not in consideration then!

Parent Brief at 25. Neither statute nor regulation is cited to support this argument.
Simply, Parent’s argument section of her brief is unclear.
               This Court has explained that where “a party fails to develop an issue
in the argument section of its brief, the Court may consider the issue to have been
waived.” Hill v. Kilgallen, 108 A.3d 934, 943 n.8 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2015). See also
Watkins v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 689 A.2d 1019, 1022
(Pa. Cmwlth. 1997) (where argument portion of brief does not develop the issue
raised in the statement of questions presented, “claimant has waived this issue.”).
That Parent is not represented by counsel does not change the outcome. This Court
has held on numerous occasions that a party who proceeds pro se assumes the risk
that a lack of legal expertise will prove her undoing. Appeal of Ciaffoni, 556 A.2d
504, 506 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1989).6 Parent has identified two issues in her brief, but she
did not develop them in the argument section thereof. They are waived.

5
  Each issue set forth in the statement of questions involved must be separately addressed in the
argument portion in the brief. Pa. R.A.P. 2119(a).
6
  In any case, Parent’s claims do not qualify for a continuation of assistance beyond Child’s 18th
birthday. In some circumstances, adoption assistance can continue to age 21 for a child who
        (2) is under the age of twenty-one years and who attained thirteen years of age
        before the adoption assistance agreement became effective and who is:
                (i) completing secondary education or an equivalent credential;
                                                6
              For these reasons, we affirm the decision of the Department.


                                        ______________________________________
                                        MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge




                (ii) enrolled in an institution which provides postsecondary or
                vocational education;
                (iii) participating in a program actively designed to promote or
                remove barriers to employment;
                (iv) employed for at least eighty hours per month; or
                (v) incapable of doing any of the activities described in subclause
                (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) due to a medical or behavioral health condition,
                which is supported by regularly updated information in the
                permanency plan of the child.
Section 772(2) of the Adoption Act, 62 P.S. §772(2) (emphasis added). Child is under 21 and
“enrolled in an institution which provides postsecondary or vocational education,” but he had not
“attained thirteen years of age” before the adoption assistance agreement became effective. 62
P.S. §772(2)(ii). The Department does not have the discretion to waive this requirement because
of a parent’s poor health or any other equitable reason.
                                               7
           IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

J. C.,                               :
                 Petitioner          :
                                     : CASE SEALED
           v.                        : No. 1150 C.D. 2017
                                     :
Department of Human Services,        :
                 Respondent          :


                                ORDER


           AND NOW, this 15th day of May, 2018, the order of the Department of
Human Services dated July 31, 2017, in the above-captioned matter is hereby
AFFIRMED.
                                ______________________________________
                                MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge
