                           THIRD DIVISION
                            MILLER, P. J.,
                    MCFADDEN, P. J., and MCMILLIAN, J.

                    NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be
                    physically received in our clerk’s office within ten
                    days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.
                                http://www.gaappeals.us/rules


                                                                     March 15, 2017




In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
 A16A0990. WILLIAMS v. WILLIS, III.

      MILLER, Presiding Judge.

      Frederick L. Willis, III, sued Michael W. Williams in Georgia in 1990, alleging

fraudulent and negligent misrepresentation, arising from a joint real estate venture in

Atlanta. In 1992, Willis raised nearly identical claims against Williams in a South

Carolina suit, arising from the same real estate venture. Willis obtained a judgment

against Williams in the South Carolina action in 1993 (hereinafter, the “South

Carolina Judgment”). Several months later, Willis obtained a judgment against

Williams in the Georgia suit (hereinafter the “Georgia Judgment”). In 2015, Williams

filed an emergency motion to set aside the Georgia Judgment. Williams now appeals

from the denial of that motion, contending that the Georgia Judgment is void under

OCGA § 9-12-16. For the reasons that follow we find that the Georgia judgment is
not void. Rather the Georgia Judgment was merely voidable, and Williams is bound

by the Georgia Judgment because he failed to have it timely set aside. Consequently,

we affirm the denial of Williams’s emergency motion to set aside the Georgia

Judgment.

      In so holding, we emphasize that, rather than sleeping on his rights, Williams

could have had the duplicative Georgia Judgment set aside, if he had brought a

motion to set aside, pursuant to OCGA § 9-11-60, within three years after the

judgment was entered.

             Under OCGA § 9-12-16, a judgment of a court having no
      jurisdiction of the person or the subject matter or which is void for any
      other cause is a mere nullity and may be so held in any court when it
      becomes material to the interest of the parties to consider it. A void
      judgment is one that has a defect apparent on its face. Where jurisdiction
      exists both of the subject matter and of the parties, as well as jurisdiction
      to make the particular order in question, an order is not void, but
      voidable, however erroneous or irregular it may be.


(Citation and punctuation omitted.) Kothari v. Tessfaye, 318 Ga. App. 289, 294 (1)

(a) (733 SE2d 815) (2012). The determination of whether the Georgia Judgment is

void or voidable is a question of law which this Court reviews de novo. Artson, LLC

v. Hudson, 322 Ga. App. 859, 860 (747 SE2d 68) (2013).

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      Here, the limited record shows that Willis, a South Carolina resident, filed suit

against Williams, a Georgia resident, in the State Court of DeKalb County, Georgia

in April 1990, raising claims arising from his investment in an Atlanta real estate

venture. In his Georgia complaint, Willis alleged that he sustained more than

$500,000 in damages caused by Williams’ intentional and fraudulent

misrepresentations, fraudulent concealment, and breaches of fiduciary duty arising

from Willis’s purchase of shares in a limited partnership. Williams answered the

Georgia Complaint in April 1991.

      In January 1992, Willis filed a state court suit against Williams in South

Carolina raising similar claims for fraud, negligent misrepresentation and civil

conspiracy. These claims also apparently arose from Willis’s purchase of shares in

the same limited partnership. On November 22, 1993, the South Carolina trial court

entered a final judgment in favor of Willis on his claims and awarded Willis more

than $980,000 in damages and prejudgment interest.

      On July 5, 1994 – after providing notice to Williams – the DeKalb State Court

held a bench trial on Willis’s claims arising from his Georgia complaint. That same

day, the DeKalb State Court entered judgment in favor of Willis on his claims and



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awarded Willis more than $1 million in damages, including $250,000 in punitive

damages.

      More than 20 years later, in September 2015, Willis apparently initiated Illinois

collection proceedings by domesticating the Georgia Judgment in the Superior Court

of Cook County, Illinois. In response to this action, Williams filed an emergency

motion to set aside the Georgia Judgment. At the hearing on Williams’s emergency

motion, Willis conceded that the South Carolina Judgment expired as a matter of law

in 2003, and therefore is no longer enforceable. The trial court denied Williams’s

emergency motion, and this appeal ensued.

      On appeal, Williams contends that the South Carolina Judgment was

conclusive as to the issues between the parties, and therefore the Georgia Judgment

is duplicative and void under OCGA § 9-12-16. We disagree.

            It is well established that a trial court has no jurisdiction to change
      or modify a judgment outside the term of court in which the judgment
      was entered. . . . And, while a judgment which is void for lack of
      jurisdiction may be attacked at any time, all other motions to set aside
      a judgment must be brought within three years after the judgment was
      entered.




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(Punctuation and footnotes omitted.) De La Reza v. Osprey Capital, LLC, 287 Ga.

App. 196, 197 (1) (651 SE2d 97) (2007); see also OCGA § 9-11-60 (f).

      OCGA § 9-12-16 does not apply [where] there is no issue regarding the
      trial court’s original jurisdiction and [where] the judgment at issue is not
      a void judgment. A void judgment is one that has a defect apparent on
      its face. Where jurisdiction exists both of the subject matter and of the
      parties, as well as jurisdiction to make the particular order in question,
      an order is not void, but voidable, however erroneous or irregular it may
      be.


(Punctuation and footnotes omitted.) Id at 198 (1). Thus, the question before this

Court is whether the Georgia Judgment was void or merely voidable.

      Here, Williams does not argue and nothing in the record shows, that the trial

court, which entered the Georgia Judgment at issue on appeal in this case lacked

jurisdiction over the parties or the subject matter of this action. Notably, there is no

evidence in the record that the South Carolina Judgment was domesticated in Georgia

under the Uniform Enforcement of Judgments Law,1 either prior to entry of the

Georgia Judgment or at any time. Accordingly, this is not a case in which the trial

court first domesticated an out-of-state judgment and then entered a duplicative



      1
          OCGA §§ 9-12-130 et. seq.

                                           5
judgment in Georgia. Compare Arrowhead Alternator, Inc. v. CIT Communications

Finance Corp, 268 Ga. App. 464, 465 (602 SE2d 231) (2004) (Duplicative Georgia

judgment was void ab initio and a nullity because it was issued after New Jersey

judgment was domesticated in Georgia). Moreover, Williams does not contend that

trial court in this case lacked jurisdiction over the parties or the subject matter of this

action, and he cites to nothing in the Appellate Record that would support such a

ruling.

       In the absence of evidence that the trial court lacked jurisdiction over the

subject matter or the parties, the Georgia Judgment is not void. Rather, the Georgia

Judgment was merely voidable and OCGA § 9-12-16 does not apply to this case. De

La Reza, supra, 287 Ga. App. at 198 (1); State Auto Mut. Ins. Co. v. Relocation &

Corporate Housing Servs., 287 Ga. App. 575, 578 (4) (651 SE2d 829) (2007).

Although the Georgia judgment is duplicative of the South Carolina judgment, the

Georgia Judgment is no longer voidable because Williams failed to timely move to

set the judgment aside within three years pursuant to OCGA § 9-11-60.

Consequently, we have no choice but to find that the Georgia Judgment stands and

Williams is bound by that judgment. See De La Reza, supra, 287 Ga. App. at 198 (1);



                                            6
State Auto, supra, 287 Ga. App. at 578 (4). Accordingly, we affirm the denial of

Williams’s emergency motion to set aside the Georgia Judgment.

      Judgment affirmed. McFadden, P. J., concurs. McMillian, J., concurs in

judgment only.
 A16A0990. WILLIAMS v. WILLIS, III.



      MCMILLIAN, Judge, concurring in judgment only.

      While I concur with the result reached by the majority in this case, I do not

agree with all that is said. Accordingly, I concur in the judgment only, and as a result,

the majority’s opinion is not binding precedent. See Court of Appeals Rule 33 (a).




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