18-3542-cv
Bison Bee LLC v. Republic of Argentina

                                  UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                     FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                         SUMMARY ORDER
Rulings by summary order do not have precedential effect. Citation to a summary order filed
on or after January 1, 2007, is permitted and is governed by Federal Rule of Appellate
Procedure 32.1 and this Court’s Local Rule 32.1.1. When citing a summary order in a
document filed with this Court, a party must cite either the Federal Appendix or an
electronic database (with the notation “summary order”). A party citing a summary order
must serve a copy of it on any party not represented by counsel.

       At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at
the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York,
on the 4th day of October, two thousand nineteen.

PRESENT:           JOSÉ A. CABRANES,
                   GERARD E. LYNCH,
                   CHRISTOPHER F. DRONEY,
                                Circuit Judges.


BISON BEE LLC,

                             Plaintiff-Appellant,                 18-3542-cv

                             v.

THE REPUBLIC OF ARGENTINA,

                             Defendant-Appellee.


FOR PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT:                                P. SABIN WILLETT (Christopher L. Carter
                                                        on the brief), Morgan, Lewis & Bockius
                                                        LLP, Boston, MA.

FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLEE:                                 CARMINE D. BOCCUZZI, JR. (Rahul Mukhi
                                                        on the brief), Cleary Gottlieb Steen &
                                                        Hamilton LLP, New York, NY.

       Appeal from the November 20, 2018 judgment of the United States District Court for the
Southern District of New York (Loretta A. Preska, Judge).


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     UPON DUE CONSIDERATION WHEREOF, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED,
ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the judgment of the District Court be and hereby is
AFFIRMED.

        Plaintiff-Appellant Bison Bee LLC (“Bison Bee”) challenges the District Court’s dismissal of
its amended complaint against Defendant-Appellee The Republic of Argentina. Bison Bee, owner of
several Argentinian bonds subject to New York law, raises the following arguments against the
dismissal of its amended complaint. First, Bison Bee argues that its breach of contract claims are
timely because the relevant statute of limitations had been restarted under New York General
Obligations Law (“NYGOL”) § 17-101 each time Argentina acknowledged its debt—with such
acknowledgments coming as late as 2017. Second, Bison Bee argues that, even if an
acknowledgment is not found, its breach of contract claims are still timely, since they should be
governed by New York Civil Practice Law and Rules (“NYCPLR”) § 211(a) and its twenty-year
statute of limitations, rather than NYCPLR § 213 and its six-year statute of limitations. Third, Bison
Bee argues that its claims for breach of the Fiscal Agency Agreement’s (“FAA”) pari passu clause are
timely and an independent basis for monetary damages. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the
underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and the issues on appeal.

         “We review de novo a district court’s grant of a motion to dismiss, including its legal
interpretation and application of a statute of limitations.” Deutsche Bank Nat. Trust Co. v. Quicken
Loans Inc., 810 F.3d 861, 865 (2d Cir. 2015). We will affirm a dismissal of a complaint if the plaintiff
fails to plead “enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Bell Atl. Corp. v.
Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007).

        We heard oral argument in the instant case in tandem with a second case against Argentina.
See Lucesco Inc. v. The Republic of Argentina, 18-2812-cv. In that second case, Lucesco Inc. (“Lucesco”)
raised the same breach of contract claims against Argentina that Bison Bee raises here. We affirmed
the District Court’s dismissal of Lucesco’s claims as time-barred. We now do the same with regard
to Bison Bee’s breach of contract claims. We do so for the reasons set forth in the Lucesco
summary order, which has been filed simultaneously with the instant order.

        We move on to Bison Bee’s other claim for breach of the FAA’s pari passu clause, which
Lucesco did not raise. In making that claim, Bison Bee asks us to engage in a decidedly strange
exercise: it asks us to find that this court, in previously facilitating the 2016 settlement negotiations
between Argentina and its bond-holders, effectively ordered Argentina to breach the pari passu
clause. We reject this argument.

         Bison Bee specifically alleges that Argentina violated two separate components of the pari
passu clause. First, it suggests that Argentina breached the clause in 2016 by giving priority to other
bonds within the FAA class, thus violating that portion of the clause which stipulates that FAA
“[s]ecurities will constitute . . . direct, unconditional, unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of

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the Republic and shall at all times rank pari passu and without preference among themselves.” But as
we have previously noted, this part of the pari passu clause only “prohibits Argentina, as bond issuer,
from formally subordinating the bonds by issuing superior debt.” NML Capital, Ltd. v. Republic of
Argentina, 699 F.3d 246, 259 (2d Cir. 2012). Since Argentina did not issue superior debt as part of its
2016 efforts to negotiate with bond holders, this part of the pari passu clause is not violated here.

        To save its argument, Bison Bee also contends that a second part of the clause has been
breached. It alleges that Argentina violated the component of the pari passu clause which states that
“payment obligations of the Republic . . . shall at all times rank at least equally with all of its other
present and future unsecured and unsubordinated External Indebtedness.” But we noted in a
previous case involving the same pari passu clause now at issue that “we have not held that a
sovereign debtor breaches its pari passu clause every time it pays one creditor and not another, or
even every time it enacts a law disparately affecting a creditor’s rights.” NML Capital, Ltd. v. Republic
of Argentina, 727 F.3d 230, 247 (2d Cir. 2013). Instead, we held that Argentina violated the pari passu
clause at issue because it was, at the time, a “uniquely recalcitrant debtor.” Id. But times have
changed, and Argentina is “uniquely recalcitrant” no more. It is for this reason that we went so far as
to affirm the vacatur of a pari passu injunction against Argentina just a few years ago. Aurelius Capital
Master, Ltd. v. Republic of Argentina, 644 F. App’x 98, 107, 109 (2d Cir. 2016) (summary order). To
now find a pari passu violation again—and to counterintuitively find that the violation came about
because we vacated the pari passu injunction—is something we are unwilling to do.

                                           CONCLUSION

        We have reviewed all of the arguments raised by Bison Bee on appeal and find them to be
without merit. For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the November 20, 2018 judgment of the
District Court.


                                                        FOR THE COURT:
                                                        Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk




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