                 IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                         FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT     United States Court of Appeals
                                                            Fifth Circuit
                           ______________________
                                                                               FILED
                                       No. 06-60977                          August 12, 2008
                                  ______________________
                                                                         Charles R. Fulbruge III
                                                                                 Clerk
LEWIS DECARLO,

                                                    Plaintiff-Appellant

vs.

BONUS STORES, INC. D/B/A BILL’S DOLLAR STORES, INC.; JIMMY A.
SCHAFER; WILLIAM FIELDS,


                                                    Defendants-Appellees

              ___________________________________________________

                 Appeal from the United States District Court for
                       the Southern District of Mississippi
                            Case No. 2:03-CV-00011
              ___________________________________________________

Before DEMOSS, DENNIS, and OWEN, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*

       In this retaliatory discharge case, we certified to the Mississippi Supreme
Court two questions regarding Mississippi’s McArn exception to the
employment-at-will doctrine. The Mississippi Supreme Court has now answered
both questions, and we now remand the case for further proceedings in
accordance with the Mississippi Supreme Court’s opinion. For the following

       *
        Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be
published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R.
47.5.4.

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reasons, we AFFIRM in part, VACATE in part, and REMAND this case to the
district court.
                                        I.
      On January 10, 2002, Lewis DeCarlo filed a retaliatory discharge claim in
federal court, naming as defendants (a) his former employer, Bonus Stores, Inc.
d/b/a Bill’s Dollar Stores, Inc., (b) former supervisor Jimmy Schafer, the ex-CEO
of Bonus Stores, and (c) William Fields, a member of the Board of Directors of
Bonus Stores. DeCarlo alleges that the defendants fired him in retaliation for
notifying the company about Schafer’s possible criminal fraud, misappropriation,
and embezzlement of Bonus Stores’ funds. He claims that this constitutes a
retaliatory discharge tort recognized by Mississippi’s McArn exception to
employment-at-will doctrine. See McArn v. Allied Bruce-Terminix Co., Ltd., 626
So.2d 603, 607 (Miss. 1993). The district court granted summary judgment for
the defendants by concluding that McArn’s retaliatory discharge tort: (1) does
not protect employees who are fired for reporting illegal acts by co-employees
instead of the employer; and (2) does not hold liable individual defendants, i.e.,
co-employees, that ratified the retaliatory discharge. Subsequently, DeCarlo
filed a Rule 59(e) motion to alter or amend the judgment. The district court
denied the motion, and DeCarlo now appeals that denial. While we usually
review a denial of a Rule 59(e) motion under an abuse of discretion standard, if
the appellant is clearly appealing the entire case solely with regards to questions
of law, we construe the appeal as concerning the merits of the summary
judgment, which we review de novo. Fletcher v. Apfel, 210 F.3d 510, 512 (5th
Cir. 2000). Accordingly, we review this case de novo.
      According to DeCarlo, the district court improperly construed the cause of
action under McArn too narrowly without any basis in Mississippi law and failed
to cite to the Mississippi Supreme Court’s two Willard cases, which DeCarlo

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alleges implicitly extend McArn to his situation.      See Willard v. Paracelsus
Health Care Corp., 681 So. 2d 539, 541 (Miss. 1996) (“Willard I”); Paracelsus
Health Care Corp. v. Willard, 754 So. 2d 437, 443 (Miss. 1999) (“Willard II”).
Therefore, DeCarlo requests that issues (1) and (2) be certified as questions for
the Mississippi Supreme Court. We agreed and certified the following questions
to the Mississippi Supreme Court:
      (1) Whether the laws of Mississippi permit a retaliatory discharge claim
      for discharge in retaliation for reporting a co-employee’s illegal acts that
      relate to the employer’s business?
      (2) If the previous question is resolved in favor of the plaintiff-appellant:
      whether the laws of Mississippi allow for individual liability for the tort
      of retaliatory discharge even if the individual defendant’s participation in
      the discharge was in the course and scope of his employment?
DeCarlo v. Bonus Stores, Inc., 512 F.3d 173 (5th Cir. 2007).
      The Mississippi Supreme Court has now answered both questions.
DeCarlo v. Bonus Stores, Inc., --- So.2d ----, 2008 WL 2762001 (Miss. July 17,
2008) (published).    For the first question, the Mississippi Supreme Court
concluded: “we answer the first certified question by stating that the laws of
Mississippi . . . permit a retaliatory discharge claim for discharge in retaliation
for reporting a co-employee’s illegal acts that relate to the employer’s business.”
Id. at *6. For the second question, the Mississippi Supreme Court stated: “we
answer the second certified question by finding that the laws of Mississippi do
not allow for individual liability for the tort of retaliatory discharge even if the
individual defendant’s participation in the discharge was in the course and scope
of the individual defendant’s employment.” Id. at *7.
                                        II.
      The Mississippi Supreme Court’s answer to our certified questions fully

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resolves this appeal. Because Mississippi laws do not allow for individual
liability for the tort of retaliatory discharge, we therefore AFFIRM the district
court’s dismissal of the two individual defendants, Jimmy A. Schafer and
William Fields. However, in light of the Mississippi Supreme Court’s answer,
we find that the district court erred in also dismissing the corporate employer,
Bonus Stores, on the ground that Mississippi law only permits retaliatory
discharge claims for reporting the corporate employer’s, and not a co-employee’s,
illegal acts.   As the Mississippi Supreme Court has now clarified, under
Mississippi law, corporate employers can also be liable for a discharge of an
employee in retaliation for reporting a co-employee’s illegal acts that relate to
the employer’s business. The dismissal of Bonus Stores is thereby VACATED.
We now REMAND this case to the district court for further proceedings in
accordance with this opinion.




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