[Cite as State v. Harris, 2011-Ohio-2511.]


                                        COURT OF APPEALS
                                       STARK COUNTY, OHIO
                                    FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                       JUDGES:
STATE OF OHIO                                  :       Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
                                               :       Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J.
                          Plaintiff-Appellee   :       Hon. Julie A. Edwards, J.
                                               :
-vs-                                           :
                                               :       Case No. 2010-CA-00288
RONALD W. HARRIS                               :
                                               :
                     Defendant-Appellant       :       OPINION




CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                           Criminal appeal from the Canton Municipal
                                                   Court, Case No. 2010TRD4680


JUDGMENT:                                          Affirmed


DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                            May 23, 2011

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee                             For Defendant-Appellant

JOSEPH MARTUCCIO                                   AGATHA MARTIN WILLIAMS
Canton City Law Director                           4429 Fulton Drive N.W.
TYRONE D. HAURITZ                                  Suite 100
Canton City Prosecutor                             Canton, OH 44718

TYRONE D. HAURITIZ
Canton City Prosecutor

KATIE ERCHICK
Assistant City Prosecutor
218 Cleveland Ave. S.W.
Box 24218
Canton, OH 44701-4218
[Cite as State v. Harris, 2011-Ohio-2511.]


Gwin, P.J.

        {¶1}     Appellant Ronald W. Harris appeals the September 9, 2010 Judgment

 Entry of the Canton Municipal Court, Stark County, Ohio overruling his motion to

 suppress evidence. Appellee is the State of Ohio.

                                 STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE

        {¶2}     The following facts were found by the trial court in the Judgment Entry

 overruling appellant’s motion to suppress.

        {¶3}     Officer Jeff Hothem of the Canton Police Department was on patrol on

 April 27, 2010, and was assigned to the traffic division. Officer Hothem was patrolling in

 the Newton zone area of the City of Canton. On April 27, 2010, at approximately 8:29

 p.m., Officer Hothem initiated a traffic stop in the area of Brown Street and West

 Tuscarawas Street in the City of Canton, Ohio. Officer Hothem was traveling south on

 Brown Street when he observed a red Ford Expedition making a right hand turn from

 Brown Street onto Tuscarawas Street. Officer Hothem observed that the vehicle did not

 use its turn signal when making the turn. Officer Hothem testified that he first observed

 appellant's vehicle when the officer was in the 500 to 600 block of Brown Street.

        {¶4}     Once on Tuscarawas Street West, Officer Hothem observed appellant fail

 to use his left turn signal for a lane change from the right to left lane. At this time,

 Officer Hothem initiated a traffic stop of the appellant's vehicle. Officer Hothem's police

 cruiser was equipped with working audio and video and one of the two signal

 violations, as well as the stop of appellant was recorded. A check of appellant’s driving

 status revealed that appellant’s license had been suspended in the State of West
Stark County, Case No. 2010-CA-00288                                                                         3


 Virginia1. Appellant was subsequently charged with Driving Under Suspension, a first

 degree     misdemeanor,         Hindering/Obstructing         an    Officer,    also     a   first   degree

 misdemeanor, and Failing to Signal Before Changing Course, a minor misdemeanor.

        {¶5}     A pre-trial conference was scheduled for April 5, 2010 and was then

 continued on appellant's request until April 12, 2010, then continued again per

 agreement of the parties until June 2, 2010, and subsequent to that pre-trial

 conference a second pre-trial conference and a jury trial were set for July 7, 2010 and

 July 9, 2010, respectively. The jury trial was continued twice on appellant's request and

 ultimately set for September 30, 2010.

        {¶6}     On August 18, 2010, appellant filed a motion to suppress, arguing that

 Officer Hothem had no reasonable and articulable suspicion to stop appellant's vehicle

 and that the stop was a result of profiling. (Defendant’s Motion to Suppress, filed

 August 13, 2010 at 1).

        {¶7}     On September 8, 2010, the trial court held a hearing on the motion to

 suppress. Appellant, Officer Hothem and appellant’s expert witness, Bernard Richards,

 Ph.D. testified. On September 9, 2010, the trial court issued a written judgment entry

 overruling the motion to suppress.




        1
          R.C. 4510.61, otherwise known as the Driver License Compact, is an agreement entered into by
various states to ensure compliance with motor vehicle laws by out-of-state drivers. The compact
provides for reporting convictions of enumerated offenses of out-of-state drivers back to that driver's
home state. Pursuant to R.C. 4510.61, Article IV, the Driver License Compact requires that when an Ohio
licensee is convicted out-of-state then the state of Ohio, for purposes of suspension or revocation of the
Ohio driver's license, shall treat the conviction as if it had occurred in Ohio. The obvious rationale for this
provision is that if an Ohio licensee incurs a traffic offense in another state, any suspension of his or her
right to drive in that state will be, in most cases, no suspension at all and the Ohio licensee will be
unaffected. By treating the out-of-state infraction as if it occurred in Ohio, the non-resident state is
assured that a suspension will be imposed in Ohio.
Stark County, Case No. 2010-CA-00288                                                     4


      {¶8}   On September 29, 2010, appellee amended the appellant's charge of

Driving Under Suspension, to Driving Without a Valid License, a minor misdemeanor,

because appellant had obtained a valid license since the time of his arrest. Appellee

also amended, after review of its case, appellant's charge of Hindering/Obstructing an

Officer to Disorderly Conduct, also a minor misdemeanor.

      {¶9}   On September 30, 2010, after plea negotiations, appellee dismissed the

Disorderly Conduct charge, and appellant entered no contest pleas to the amended

charge of Driving Without a Valid License and Failing to Signal Before Changing

Course.

      {¶10} Appellant has timely appealed, raising the following assignments of error:

      {¶11} “I. THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR IN

DENYING APPELLANT'S MOTION TO SUPPRESS AS THE APPELLANT'S PAT

DOWN SEARCH AND SEIZURE WAS UNCONSTITUTIONAL BECAUSE OF THE

PROLONGED DETENTION AND INABILITY TO CITE SPECIFIC ARTICULABLE

FACTS OF SOME OTHER CRIMINAL ACTIVITY.

      {¶12} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ITS FINDING OF FACT THAT THERE

WAS    A     REASONABLE      ARTICULATE       SUSPICION      FOR    THE     STOP    OF

APPELLANT'S VEHICLE.”

                                            I & II

      {¶13} In his First Assignment of Error, appellant cites as error the trial court's

decision to overrule his motion to suppress the evidence. Specifically, he contends that

the officer did not have a reasonable suspicion based upon articulable facts. In his

Second Assignment of Error appellant maintains that the trial court erred in finding the
Stark County, Case No. 2010-CA-00288                                                      5


Officer had a reasonable, articulable suspicion to stop the appellant. Appellant’s First

and Second Assignments of Error raise common and interrelated issues; therefore, we

will address the arguments together.

      {¶14} Appellate review of a motion to suppress presents a mixed question of law

and fact. State v. Burnside, 100 Ohio St.3d 152, 154-155, 797 N.E.2d 71, 74, 20030-

Ohio-5372 at ¶ 8. When ruling on a motion to suppress, the trial court assumes the role

of trier of fact and is in the best position to resolve questions of fact and to evaluate

witness credibility. See State v. Dunlap (1995), 73 Ohio St.3d 308, 314, 652 N.E.2d

988; State v. Fanning (1982), 1 Ohio St.3d 19, 20, 437 N.E.2d 583. Accordingly, a

reviewing court must defer to the trial court's factual findings if competent, credible

evidence exists to support those findings. See Burnside, supra; Dunlap, supra; State v.

Long (1998), 127 Ohio App.3d 328, 332, 713 N.E.2d 1; State v. Medcalf (1996), 111

Ohio App.3d 142, 675 N.E.2d 1268. However, once this Court has accepted those

facts as true, it must independently determine as a matter of law whether the trial court

met the applicable legal standard. See Burnside, supra, citing State v. McNamara

(1997), 124 Ohio App.3d 706, 707 N.E.2d 539; See, generally, United States v. Arvizu

(2002), 534 U.S. 266, 122 S.Ct. 744; Ornelas v. United States (1996), 517 U.S. 690,

116 S.Ct. 1657. That is, the application of the law to the trial court's findings of fact is

subject to a de novo standard of review Ornelas, supra. Moreover, due weight should

be given “to inferences drawn from those facts by resident judges and local law

enforcement officers.” Ornelas, supra at 698, 116 S.Ct. at 1663.
Stark County, Case No. 2010-CA-00288                                                  6


        {¶15} Appellant’s two assignments of error relate to the propriety of the trial

court’s overruling of his motion to suppress. Specifically, he contends that the officer

did not have a reasonable suspicion based upon articulable facts to stop appellant.

        {¶16} In Whren v. United States (1996), 517 U.S. 806, the United States

Supreme Court held:

        {¶17} “The temporary detention of a motorist upon probable cause to believe

that he has violated the traffic laws does not violate the Fourth Amendment's

prohibition against unreasonable seizures, even if a reasonable officer would not have

stopped the motorist absent some additional law enforcement objective.” Whren at

1771.

        {¶18} Less than one month later, the Ohio Supreme Court reached a similar

decision in City of Dayton v. Erickson (1996), 76 Ohio St. 3d 3, 665 N.E.2d 1091. In

Erickson, the Court stated:

        {¶19} “Where a police officer stops a vehicle based on probable cause that a

traffic violation has occurred or was occurring, the stop is not unreasonable under the

Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution even if the officer had some

ulterior motive for making the stop, such as a suspicion that the violator was engaging

in more nefarious criminal activity.” Id. at syllabus.

        {¶20} Based on the above, neither the United States Supreme Court nor the

Ohio Supreme Court considered the severity of the offense as a factor in determining

whether the law enforcement official was justified in stopping a motorist. In fact, the

Ohio Supreme Court stated that " * * * we conclude that where an officer has an

articulable reasonable suspicion or probable cause to stop a motorist for any criminal
Stark County, Case No. 2010-CA-00288                                                       7

violation, including a minor traffic violation, the stop is constitutionally valid regardless

of the officer's underlying subjective intent or motivation for stopping the vehicle in

question." (Emphasis added.) Id. at 11-12, 665 N.E.2d 1091. See, also, State v. Rice,

Fifth Dist. No. 2005CA00242, 2006-Ohio-3703 at ¶33-34; State v. Rice (Dec. 23,

1999), 5th Dist. No. 99CA48. The Ohio Supreme Court has emphasized that probable

cause is not required to make a traffic stop; rather the standard is reasonable and

articulable suspicion. State v. Mays, 119 Ohio St.3d 406, 894 N.E.2d 1204, 2008-Ohio-

4538 at ¶ 23. If an officer’s decision to stop a motorist for a criminal violation, including

a traffic violation, is prompted by a reasonable and articulable suspicion considering all

the circumstances, then the stop is constitutionally valid. State v. Mays, supra at ¶ 8.

      {¶21} In this case, the trial court reduced its specific factual findings to writing.

The judge is in the best position to determine the credibility of witnesses, and her

conclusion in this case is supported by competent facts. See State v. Burnside (2003),

100 Ohio St.3d 152, 154-55, 797 N.E.2d 71, 74. The fundamental rule that weight of

evidence and credibility of witnesses are primarily for the trier of fact applies to

suppression hearings as well as trials. State v. Fanning (1982), 1 Ohio St.3d 19, 20,

437 N.E.2d 583, 584. The Officer’s testimony represents competent, credible evidence

that appellant failed to use his turn signal. Further, a video recording of the stop was

admitted into evidence during the suppression hearing. The trial court found that the

video evidence demonstrated appellant failed to use his turn signal when turning from

Brown Street to Tuscarawas Street. The video evidence also represents competent,

credible evidence that appellant failed to use his turn signal when turning from Brown

Street to Tuscarawas Street.       Therefore, the factual finding of the trial court that
Stark County, Case No. 2010-CA-00288                                                      8


appellant failed to use a turn signal when turning from Brown Street to Tuscarawas

Street is not clearly erroneous.

      {¶22} At the hearing on his motion to suppress appellant testified that he was

leaving a credit union on Sixth Street and drove to Brown Street. At Brown Street, he

made a left turn and was proceeding to Tuscarawas Street. Appellant further testified

that he stopped at the stop sign at Fourth Street and Brown Street and proceeded to

Tuscarawas Street. He testified he used his turn signal 30 to 50 feet in advance of the

stop sign at Tuscarawas Street. Appellant further testified that he made a right turn into

the right curb lane and was not traveling in the left lane. The defense also called Dr.

Bernard Richards as an expert witness. Dr. Richards is a retired physics professor. He

has testified on numerous occasions as to the subject of accident reconstruction. Dr.

Richards testified that he observed the video of the stop of appellant’s vehicle and

believed he observed appellant use a turn signal on the video.

      {¶23} While appellant and his expert witness testified that appellant had used his

turn signal, the trial judge was free to review the video evidence as well as the

testimony. The trial judge, as the trier of fact, is free to accept or reject any and all of

the evidence offered by the parties and assess the witness’s credibility. In this case the

trial court reviewed the video evidence and specifically concluded that the evidence

demonstrated that appellant did not use a right hand turn signal before turning from

Brown Street onto Tuscarawas Street.

      {¶24} Reviewing courts should accord deference to the trial court’s decision

concerning the credibility of the witnesses because the trial court has had the

opportunity to observe the witnesses’ demeanor, gestures, and voice inflections that
Stark County, Case No. 2010-CA-00288                                                     9

cannot be conveyed to us through the written record, Miller v. Miller (1988), 37 Ohio St.

3d 71. In Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland (1984), 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 81, 461 N.E.2d

1273, the Ohio Supreme Court explained: "[a] reviewing court should not reverse a

decision simply because it holds a different opinion concerning the credibility of the

witnesses and evidence submitted before the trial court. A finding of an error in law is a

legitimate ground for reversal, but a difference of opinion on credibility of witnesses and

evidence is not." See, also State v. DeHass (1967), 10 Ohio St.2d 230, 227 N.E.2d 212

syllabus 1; .State v. Fry, 125 Ohio St.3d 163, 926 N.E.2d 1239, 2010-Ohio-1017 at ¶

146.

       {¶25} After a thorough review of the record in appellant’s case including the

video from the police cruiser marked as Plaintiff’s Exhibit 1, we accept the trial court's

conclusion that appellant's violation of the traffic laws gave Officer Hothem reasonable

suspicion to stop appellant's vehicle. The factual findings made by the trial court are

supported by competent and credible evidence. Thus, the trial court did not err when it

denied appellant's motion to suppress on the basis that the initial stop of his vehicle

was valid. State v. Busse, Licking App. No. 06 CA 65, 2006-Ohio-7047 at ¶ 20.

       {¶26} Appellant’s First and Second Assignments of Error are overruled.
Stark County, Case No. 2010-CA-00288                                         10


      {¶27} For the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion, the judgment of the

Canton Municipal Court, Stark County, Ohio is affirmed.

By Gwin, P.J.,

Farmer, J., and

Edwards, J., concur




                                           _________________________________
                                           HON. W. SCOTT GWIN

                                           _________________________________
                                           HON. SHEILA G. FARMER

                                           _________________________________
                                           HON. JULIE A. EDWARDS




WSG:clw 0504
[Cite as State v. Harris, 2011-Ohio-2511.]


                 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR STARK COUNTY, OHIO

                                    FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT


STATE OF OHIO                                     :
                                                  :
                             Plaintiff-Appellee   :
                                                  :
                                                  :
-vs-                                              :       JUDGMENT ENTRY
                                                  :
RONALD W. HARRIS                                  :
                                                  :
                                                  :
                        Defendant-Appellant       :       CASE NO. 2010-CA-00288




        For the reasons stated in our accompanying Memorandum-Opinion, the

judgment of the Canton Municipal Court, Stark County, Ohio is affirmed.            Costs to

appellant.




                                                      _________________________________
                                                      HON. W. SCOTT GWIN

                                                      _________________________________
                                                      HON. SHEILA G. FARMER

                                                      _________________________________
                                                      HON. JULIE A. EDWARDS
