                                  Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 171

                   ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                        DIVISION III
                                        No. CV-14-982


                                                  Opinion Delivered   March 11, 2015
CHARLES WILLIAMS
                                APPELLANT         APPEAL FROM THE PULASKI
                                                  COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
                                                  ELEVENTH DIVISION
V.                                                [NO. 60JV-14-236]

                                                  HONORABLE PATRICIA JAMES,
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF                            JUDGE
HUMAN SERVICES
                    APPELLEE                      AFFIRMED



                              M. MICHAEL KINARD, Judge

          Charles Williams appeals from an order terminating his parental rights to his five-

month-old daughter, E.W. He challenges the trial court’s finding that termination was in the

child’s best interest. He also argues that the court erred in proceeding with termination

because of alleged procedural defects or omissions earlier in the dependency-neglect case. We

affirm.

          The Arkansas Department of Human Services (ADHS) took emergency custody of

E.W. on the day that she was born in February 2014 because her mother, Emma Mickles, was

then an inmate in the Arkansas Department of Correction. Ex parte and probable-cause

hearings and orders placing custody with ADHS followed within days. ADHS filed motions

seeking to have E.W. adjudicated dependent-neglected and seeking an order that no

reunification services be provided to Mickles or appellant, the child’s putative father, because
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they had previously had their parental rights to E.W.’s sibling terminated. See Ark. Code

Ann. § 9-27-365(c) (Supp. 2013). After an April 14, 2014, hearing, the trial court entered

an order adjudicating E.W. dependent-neglected and ordering that no reunification services

be provided to Mickles or appellant. The goal or plan for the case was declared to be

adoption. About three weeks later, ADHS filed a petition to terminate Mickles’s and

appellant’s parental rights. Thereafter, DNA testing showed appellant to be E.W.’s biological

father, and in June an attorney was appointed for him by the trial court. See Ark. Code Ann.

§ 9-27-316(h) (Supp. 2013). After an August 6, 2014, hearing, the trial court terminated both

parents’ parental rights to E.W. The appellant-father appeals from that order.

        There is a heavy burden placed upon the party seeking to terminate the parent-child

relationship. Fox v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2014 Ark. App. 666, 448 S.W.3d

735. Termination of parental rights is an extreme remedy and in derogation of the natural

rights of the parents. Id.; Stockstill v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2014 Ark. App.

427, 439 S.W.3d 95. Parental rights, however, will not be enforced to the detriment or

destruction of the health and well-being of the child. Fox, supra. The circuit court may

consider a petition to terminate parental rights if it finds that there is an appropriate

permanency-placement plan for the juvenile. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(1) (Supp. 2013).

This section does not require a permanency-planning hearing as a prerequisite to

consideration of a termination petition. Id. An order terminating parental rights must be

based on the court’s finding by clear and convincing evidence that termination is in the best

interest of the juvenile, taking into consideration (1) the likelihood that the juvenile will be


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adopted if the termination petition is granted and (2) the potential harm, specifically

addressing the effect on the health and safety of the child, caused by returning the child to the

custody of the parent. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(A)(i) & (ii). The trial court must also

find by clear and convincing evidence the existence of a statutory ground for termination.

Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B).

         On appeal, the issue is whether the trial court’s findings that best interest and statutory

grounds were proved by clear and convincing evidence are clearly erroneous. King v.

Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2014 Ark. App. 278. A finding is clearly erroneous

when the appellate court is, on the entire evidence, left with a definite and firm conviction

that a mistake has been made. Id. In deciding whether a finding of the trial court is clearly

erroneous, we defer to the superior opportunity of the trial court to observe the parties and

to judge the credibility of witnesses. Id.

         Here, the statutory ground found by the trial court was that appellant had previously

had his parental rights terminated as to E.W.’s sibling. See Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-

341(b)(3)(B)(ix)(a)(4). Appellant does not contest this finding on appeal. Instead, he argues

that there was no permanency plan in place for E.W. and that the court clearly erred in

finding that termination of appellant’s parental rights was in E.W.’s best interest. We cannot

agree.

         The permanency plan for E.W. was declared to be adoption as early as the no-

reunification order, and the trial court expressly found that the plan was appropriate. In

making its best-interest finding, the trial court specifically stated that it considered E.W.’s


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adoptability and the potential harm that she would face should she be placed with either

parent. An adoption specialist with ADHS testified that the child was readily adoptable.

E.W. was young and healthy and without any known developmental or other barriers to

adoption. Additionally, it was essentially undisputed that appellant was homeless, a longtime

drug abuser, and a repeat felony offender. He was moving from one homeless shelter or

halfway house to another. As of the termination hearing, he had been working for a moving

company for less than two weeks and had not yet received a paycheck. He had no savings.

He had paid no support for E.W. He had missed six of his last fifteen visits. Appellant

testified that he had been sober for about six months. He admitted, however, that the only

time he had been sober for a period longer than six months was while he was incarcerated in

state prison. He had never been responsible for raising an infant. He also testified that, if he

had custody of E.W., he would not keep her away from Ms. Mickles even if Ms. Mickles’s

parental rights were terminated. From our review of the record, we cannot conclude that the

trial court’s best-interest finding is clearly erroneous.

       Appellant’s remaining points all relate to perceived errors at earlier stages of the

proceedings. He argues that the trial court erred in not holding a permanency-planning

hearing before the termination hearing, in not requiring that a case plan be developed, in not

appointing an attorney for him before the adjudication/no-reunification hearing, and in

proceeding with the termination hearing despite the fact that the motion for no reunification

services failed to list his address in the certificate of service. However, despite the fact that

appellant appeared at the termination hearing with his attorney, none of these issues were


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raised in any way before the trial court. The general rule is that an issue must be raised and

ruled on below in order to be preserved for appeal; issues cannot be raised for the first time

on appeal to this court. Lively v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2015 Ark. App. 131;

Ward v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2015 Ark. App. 106. There are exceptions to

this rule for questions of sufficiency of the evidence to support a judgment in a civil bench

trial, Ingle v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2014 Ark. 53, 431 S.W.3d 303, and for

questions of subject-matter jurisdiction, Ward, supra. However, appellant’s arguments meet

neither exception. They do not go to the sufficiency of the evidence to support the court’s

findings of best interest or statutory grounds under Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-27-

341(b)(3). Nor do the alleged errors constitute actions outside the trial court’s subject-matter

jurisdiction. See Ark. Const. amend. 80, § 6(A) (circuit courts have original jurisdiction of

“all justiciable matters not otherwise assigned pursuant to” the constitution); Ark. Code Ann.

§ 9-27-306(a)(1) (Supp. 2013) (circuit court has exclusive jurisdiction of, inter alia,

dependency-neglect and termination proceedings); Ward, supra (distinguishing between a

court’s power to act in matters concerning the general question in controversy, i.e., subject-

matter jurisdiction, and a failure to follow proper statutory procedure in the exercise of that

power). Therefore, we conclude that appellant’s arguments are not preserved for appeal and

cannot be raised for the first time on appeal to this court.1


       1
        In any event, we note that Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-27-365(d) (Supp.
2013) provides that a permanency-planning hearing is not required where, as here, a petition
for termination of parental rights is filed within thirty days of the order for no reunification
services; that the no-reunification order recites that appellant appeared at that hearing, despite
any perceived error in the motion’s certificate of service; and that appellant remained a

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       Affirmed.

       GLADWIN, C.J., and BROWN, J., agree.

       Suzanne Ritter Lumpkin, Arkansas Public Defender Commission, for appellant.

       Tabitha B. McNulty, County Legal Operations; and Chrestman Group, PLLC, by : Keith

L. Chrestman, for appellees.




putative father at the time of the no-reunification hearing and was not then entitled to
appointed counsel under Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-27-316(h)(3) (Supp. 2013).


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