                            UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                            FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA


 SERVICE EMPLOYEES
 INTERNATIONAL UNION NATIONAL
 INDUSTY PENSION FUND, et al.,

    Plaintiffs,                                           Civil Action No. 12-1233 (CKK)
        v.

 BERNADETTE ARTHAREE,

    Defendant.


                                 MEMORANDUM OPINION
                                     (June 10, 2014)

       The Service Employees International Union Industry Pension Fund (“the Fund”) and ten

Trustees of the Fund (collectively, “Plaintiffs”), filed suit against Bernadette Aratharee, d/b/a

Coast Janitorial Services and d/b/a Coast Industries, Inc., alleging that Defendant failed to submit

remittance reports and contributions to the Fund for the months of July 2010 and June 2011

through the filing of the Complaint, and owes liquidated damages, interest, and Pension

Protection Act (“PPA”) surcharges for these periods and for late contributions in the months of

August 2010 through May 2011. Defendant did not respond to Plaintiffs’ Complaint and,

accordingly, the Clerk of Court entered default against Defendant. On April 18, 2013, the Court

denied Plaintiffs’ Motion for Default Judgment because Plaintiffs failed to provide sufficient

documentation to support their request for damages and attorneys’ fees and costs, but held that

Plaintiffs were entitled to remittance reports for the months of July 2010 and June 2011 through

the date of the Order. The Court ordered Defendant to submit the delinquent remittance reports

by no later than June 3, 2013. After Defendant failed to provide the reports, Plaintiffs filed a
Motion to Compel Production of Past-Due Reports, which the Court granted. On October 7,

2013, the Court ordered Defendant to submit all past-due remittance reports by no later than

November 8, 2013. Plaintiffs allege that Defendant again failed to submit the reports. Presently

before the Court is Plaintiffs’ [18] Motion for Order of Contempt. Defendant did not file a

response to Plaintiffs’ Motion.      Upon consideration of the pleadings,1 the relevant legal

authorities, and the record as a whole, Plaintiffs’ Motion is GRANTED.

                                             I.       BACKGROUND

       Defendant is a party to a collective bargaining agreement (“CBA”) with the Service

Employees International Union, Local No. 49. Compl., ECF No. [1], ¶¶ 8-9. The CBA requires

the employer to make specific contributions to the Fund based on the number of compensable

hours worked by the employer’s employees. Compl., Ex. 1 (CBA), art. 22, § 4. When the Fund

is in “critical status” (as determined by certain actuarial standards), a “Pension Protection Act

Surcharge” is added to all employer contributions. Compl., Ex. 4 (4/30/09 Notice of Critical

Status), at 5. Employers are also required to submit monthly remittance reports reflecting the

contributions owed to the Fund. Compl., Ex. 1 (CBA), art. 22 § 4. If an employer like

Defendant fails to timely remit its monthly contributions, the employer is liable for 10% annual

interest on the late contributions. Compl., Ex. 3 (SEIU Pension Fund Stmt. of Policy for

Collection of Delinquent Contributions) (“Collection Policy”), §5(1). If the Fund files suit to

collect late payments, the employer is further liable for liquidated damages in the amount of the

greater of 20% of the late contributions for that month or $50. Id. §§ 2(4), 5(2); accord 29

U.S.C. § 1132(g)(2).

       On July 26, 2012, Plaintiffs filed suit against Defendant alleging that Defendant failed to
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           Plaintiffs’ Motion for Order of Contempt (“Pl.s’ Mot.”), ECF No. [18].

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submit remittance reports and contributions to the Fund for the months of July 2010 and June

2011 through the filing of the Complaint.2 Compl. ¶ 21. Plaintiffs further allege that Defendant

owes liquidated damages, interest, and PPA surcharges for late contributions for the months of

August 2010 through May 2011. Id. ¶ 23. Defendant was served with process on August 22,

2012, but failed to file a timely response to the Complaint. See Proof of Service, ECF No. [4].

The Clerk of Court entered default against Defendant on September 21, 2012. See ECF No. [6].

Plaintiff subsequently filed a Motion for Default Judgment on November 7, 2012, requesting

liquidated damages, interest, and surcharges arising out of late contributions by Defendant for

the months of August 2010 through May 2011, as well as attorneys’ fees and costs. See ECF

No. [7], at 1. Plaintiffs also requested the Court enter an order requiring Defendant to submit its

delinquent remittance reports for the period of July 2010 and June 2011 through the time of the

filing of the Motion. Id. Plaintiffs requested the Court retain jurisdiction to enter judgment for

contributions, surcharges, interest, and liquidated damages once the delinquent remittance

reports were received. Id. On April 18, 2013, the Court granted in part Plaintiffs’ Motion for

Default Judgment and, in its Memorandum Opinion, ordered Defendant to submit all outstanding

remittance reports for July 2010 and June 2011 through the date of the Memorandum Opinion

and to conduct an accounting for all past-due contributions. Serv. Employees Int’l Union Nat’l

Industry Pension Fund v. Artharee, 942 F. Supp. 2d 27, 30 (D.D.C. 2013). The Court, however,

denied Plaintiffs’ request for damages and attorneys’ fees and costs as Plaintiffs had provided



       2
         Plaintiffs explain in their present motion that in February 2013—after the Complaint
was filed—the Fund received a remittance report from Defendant stating that she no longer
employed any members of the SEIU Local 49 as of November 22, 2011. Declaration of Kenneth
Anderson, Jr. (“Anderson Decl.”), ¶ 11. Accordingly, Plaintiffs concede that Defendant owes
contributions only through November 2011 and have now limited their request for damages
accordingly.
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insufficient documentation to support these damages. Id. Although the Court clearly indicated

in its April 18, 2013, Memorandum Opinion that Defendant should submit all past-due

remittance reports and an accounting for all past-due contributions, the Court’s Order

accompanying the Memorandum Opinion included a typographical error stating that Plaintiff

should take such actions by no later than June 3, 2013. See ECF No. [8].

       The Court mailed copies of its April 18, 2013, Memorandum Opinion and Order to

Defendant. As of July 9, 2013, Defendant had yet to submit all past-due remittance reports, see

Status Report (July 9, 2013), ECF No. [11], consequently, on July 16, 2013, Plaintiffs filed a

Motion to Compel production of the past-due reports. See ECF No. [12]. On October 7, 2013,

the Court granted Plaintiffs’ Motion to Compel and ordered Defendant to submit all past-due

reports to the Fund and to conduct an accounting for all past-due contributions, this time by no

later than November 8, 2013. See Order (Oct. 7, 2013), ECF No. [15].

       Plaintiffs received neither the past-due reports, nor a response of any kind from

Defendant by November 8, 2013. See Status Report (Nov. 21, 2013), ECF No. [16]. On

November 25, 2013, the Court ordered that another copy of the Court’s October 7, 2013, Order

to Compel be mailed to Defendant to ensure that Defendant was aware of the Order. ECF No.

[17]. On December 6, 2013, Plaintiffs filed the Motion for Order of Contempt presently before

the Court, requesting the Court find Defendant in contempt for failing to comply with the Court’s

April 18, 2013, and October 7, 2013, Orders to submit all past-due reports. ECF No. [18].

Plaintiffs also request that the Court enter judgment against Defendant for the estimated amounts

due for the period of time for which Defendant failed to file remittance reports in addition to

amounts owed by Defendant for late paid contributions for the period of August 2010 through

May 2011.

                                               4
        In order to ensure that Defendant was receiving the Court’s orders, the Court filed a

Minute Order on December 16, 2013, requesting that Plaintiffs confirm they had the correct

current address for Defendant. Upon receiving confirmation of Defendant’s correct address, the

Court ordered that Defendant again be mailed copies of the Court’s April 18, 2013, and October

7, 2013, Orders and a copy of Plaintiffs’ Motion for Order of Contempt. Order (Jan. 13, 2014),

ECF No. [20]. The Court further ordered that Defendant must file a response to Plaintiffs’

Motion for Order of Contempt by January 31, 2014. Id. As of the date of this Memorandum

Opinion, Defendant has not filed with the Court any response to any of the Court’s orders.

                                             II.       LEGAL STANDARD

       To succeed on a motion for a finding of civil contempt, a party moving for civil contempt

must show, “by clear and convincing evidence, that: (1) there was a court order in place; (2) the

order required certain conduct by the defendant; and (3) the defendant failed to comply with that

order.” Int’l Painters & Allied Trades Indus. Pension Fund v. Zak Architectural Metal & Glass

LLC, 736 F. Supp. 2d 35, 38 (D.D.C. 2010) (citing Armstrong v. Executive Office of the

President, 1 F.3d 1274, 1289 (D.C. Cir. 1993)). Plaintiffs must also show that the order was

clear and unambiguous. Id. Once the above three-part showing is made, the burden shifts to the

defendant to provide adequate detailed proof justifying noncompliance. Id. The defendant may

do so by demonstrating its financial inability to pay a judgment or its good faith attempts to

comply with a judgment. Id. The court “‘need not find that [the] failure to comply with the

orders was willful or intentional’ because a party’s intent is irrelevant when making a civil

contempt determination.” United States v. Latney’s Funeral Home, Inc., ---F. Supp. 2d---, 2014

WL 1826732, at * 3 (D.D.C. 2014) (quoting SEC v. Bilzerian, 112 F. Supp. 2d 12, 16 (D.D.C.

2012)). If the defendant fails to justify its noncompliance, the court will issue an order holding it

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in civil contempt and imposing sanctions to induce compliance. Int’l Painters, 736 F. Supp. 2d

at 40.

                                             III.    DISCUSSION

         A. Civil Contempt

         The Court finds that by failing to provide past-due remittance reports, Defendant violated

a clear and unambiguous Court order and should be found to be in civil contempt having failed

to provide any justification for her noncompliance.          Plaintiffs have provided clear and

convincing evidence of all three prongs of the International Painters test. First, there is no

question in this case that a “court order was in place.” Int’l Painters, 736 F.Supp.2d at 38. The

Court issued a valid Order on October 7, 2013, granting Plaintiffs’ Motion to Compel production

of the past-due reports.3 See Order (Oct. 7, 2013), ECF No. [15].

         Second, the October 7, 2013, Order expressly required specific conduct of Defendant.

The October 7, 2013, Order stated: “by no later than November 8, 2013, Defendant shall submit

all past-due remittance reports to the SEIU Pension Fund, including reports for the months of

July 2010 and June 2011 through the present, and conduct an accounting for all past due

contributions.” ECF No. [15]. The Court provided explicit instructions regarding exactly which

reports needed to be produced, to whom they should be produced, by when they should be

produced, and by whom they should be produced in order to be in compliance with the Court’s

Order. Accordingly, the Court finds that the Order was clear and unambiguous as to the conduct

         3
          Plaintiffs also move the Court to find Defendant in contempt of the Court’s April 18,
2013, Order entering partial default judgment for Plaintiffs and requiring Defendant to “submit
all past-due remittance reports to the SEIU Pension Fund, including reports for the months of
July 2010 and June 2011 through the present, and conduct an accounting for all past-due
contributions.” ECF No. [8]. However, the Court does not rely on this Order in finding Plaintiff
to be in civil contempt because the Order included a typographical error instructing Plaintiff, not
Defendant, to submit the past-due reports and conduct the accounting.
                                                6
required by Defendant.

       Finally, Plaintiffs have provided clear and convincing evidence that Defendant failed to

comply with the Order. Plaintiffs include with their Motion for Order of Contempt a sworn

declaration from Richard C. Welch, Plaintiffs’ lead attorney at Mooney, Green, Saindon,

Murphy & Welch, P.C. (“Mooney Green”), averring that Defendant has not contacted anyone at

Mooney Green regarding this litigation4 and has not provided the reports as required by the

Court’s Order. Richard Welch Declaration (“Welch Decl.”), Pl.s’ Mot., Ex. 1, ECF No. [18-1],

¶¶ 3-6. Mr. Welch further avers that Mooney Green has not received any correspondence from

Defendant regarding the past-due reports despite the fact that Plaintiffs’ Counsel mailed

Defendant all of Plaintiffs’ motions and the Court’s April 18, 2013, and October 7, 2013, Orders

and received return receipts for each of these mailings, several of which were specifically signed

by Defendant. Id. ¶¶ 4-6. Plaintiffs also submitted a sworn declaration from Kenneth J.

Anderson, the Contribution Compliance Manager of the Fund, averring that, as of December 6,

2013, Defendant had not submitted remittance reports for the period of July 2010 and June 2011

through November 2011. Kenneth J. Anderson Declaration (“Anderson Decl.”), Pl.s’ Mot., Ex.

2, ECF No. [18-2], ¶ 12. Accordingly, the Court finds that Plaintiffs have provided clear and

convincing evidence that Defendant failed to comply with the Court’s Order.

       Despite being repeatedly sent the Court’s memorandum opinions and orders and given

ample time to respond to both Plaintiffs’ Motion to Compel and Motion for Order of Contempt,

Defendant has not provided any response justifying her noncompliance. In civil contempt



       4
         Mr. Welch does explain that the Fund informed him in November 2013 that they had
received a copy of a remittance report from Defendant indicating that her business no longer
employed union employees as of November 22, 2011. Welch Decl. ¶ 7. However, Defendant
did not provide any of the past-due remittance reports. Id.
                                                7
proceedings, a party can justify its failure to comply with a court order by establishing its

inability to comply or good faith substantial compliance. Int’l Painters, 736 F. Supp. 2d. at 40

(citing Food Lion, Inc. v. United Food & Commercial Workers Int’l Union, 103 F.3d 1007, 1017

(D.C. Cir. 1997)). To prove good faith substantial compliance, the contemnor must show that it

“took all reasonable steps within [its] power to comply.” Id. Here, Defendant has provided no

response to any of Plaintiffs’ motions, much less a justification for her noncompliance with the

Court’s Order. Yet, Defendant was on notice of her obligation to submit the past-due remittance

reports to the Fund as early as April 18, 2013, when the Court issued its Memorandum Opinion

addressing Plaintiffs’ Motion for Default Judgment and stating that “the Court shall order the

Defendant to submit the reports to the fund and conduct an accounting for all past-due

contributions.”   ECF No. [9].       Although the Order accompanying the April 18, 2013,

Memorandum Opinion mistakenly stated that Plaintiff shall submit all past-due remittance

reports to the Fund, see ECF No. [8], the Memorandum Opinion clearly identified Defendant as

the party obligated to submit the reports and the Court’s three subsequent orders all clearly stated

that Defendant was ordered to submit the past-due reports.5 Accordingly, as the record does not

indicate that the Defendant has taken any steps, let all alone reasonable steps, to comply with the

Court’s Order and contains no other information justifying Defendant’s noncompliance, the

Court shall find Defendant in civil contempt of the Court’s October 7, 2013, Order.



       5
         See Order to Compel (Oct. 7, 2013), ECF No. [15] (compelling production of past-due
reports by Defendant); Order (Nov. 25, 2013), ECF No. [17] (explaining that Defendant had
been compelled to submit all past-due reports to the Fund by November 8, 2013, and instructing
the Clerk of Court to send October 7, 2013, Order to Defendant); Order (Jan. 13, 2014), ECF No.
[20] (explaining that Defendant had been compelled to submit all past-due reports to the Fund by
November 8, 2013, and instructing the Clerk of Court to mail to Defendant the Court’s prior
orders).

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       B. Damages

       Although Defendant has not provided Plaintiffs any of the remittance reports and does

not appear to intend to provide the reports, Plaintiffs are entitled to the unpaid contributions and

damages under the CBA. Accordingly, Plaintiffs move the Court to enter judgment against

Defendant for the estimated amounts due from the period of time when Defendant failed to file

reports as well for the amounts owed for late paid contributions. See Pl.’s Mot. at 6.

       The Court finds that Plaintiffs have provided sufficient documentation to support their

request. Plaintiffs provide a declaration by Kenneth J. Anderson, the Contribution Compliance

Manager of the Fund, averring that the Fund has estimated that Defendant owes $317.40 in

unpaid contributions for the period of July 2010 and June 2011 through November 2011—the

period for which Defendant failed to provide remittance reports. Anderson Decl. ¶ 23. To

calculate this estimate, the Fund estimated the number of compensable hours for the missing

months by averaging the reported hours for the three months preceding the outstanding report.

Id. ¶ 5. That average was then multiplied by the contribution rate to determine the amount of

principal contributions due from the employer. Id. The Court approves this calculation as a

reasonable estimate of the unpaid contributions. See Int’l Painters & Allied Trades Indus.

Pension Fund v. Advanced Pro Painting Servs., 697 F. Supp. 2d 112, 116-17 (D.D.C. 2010)

(accepting plaintiffs’ estimate of damages based on an average of unpaid contributions reported

in previous two months); Flynn v. Extreme Granite, Inc., 671 F. Supp. 2d 157, 162 (D.D.C.

2009) (“In light of the defendant’s failure to provide periodic reports or allow the plaintiffs

access to the defendant’s books and records, the court accepts the plaintiffs’ estimation of

delinquent contributions both reasonable and as accurate as possible under the circumstances.”);

R.W. Amrine Drywall Co., 239 F. Supp. 2d at 31-32 (granting request for damages based in part

                                                 9
on estimates of money owed based on prior remittance reports). Accordingly, the Court finds

that Plaintiffs should be granted default judgment in the amount of $317.40 in unpaid

contributions for this period. See Anderson Decl., Ex. B.

       The Fund has also adequately demonstrated that Defendant owes interest, liquidated

damages, and PPA surcharges for this period pursuant to the Fund’s Trust Agreement, Collection

Policy, and Notice of Critical Status. Anderson Decl. ¶ 6. Based on the total amount of unpaid

contributions indicated above and the interest rate of 10% per year as provided in the Collection

Policy, Defendant owes $72.75 in interest for this period. See Compl., Ex. 3 (Collection Policy),

at 8-9; Anderson Decl., Ex. B. Plaintiffs have also adequately demonstrated that they are entitled

to liquidated damages in the amount of $350, or $50 per month as provided in the Collection

Policy. See Compl. Ex. 3 (Collection Policy), at 8-9; Anderson Decl., Ex. B. Finally, Plaintiffs

have adequately demonstrated that they are entitled to PPA surcharges for July 2010 at a rate of

10%, as provided by the Pension Protection Act, 29 U.S.C. §1085, and the Notice of Critical

Status, which equals $31.74. See Compl. Ex. 4 (Notice of Critical Status), at 5; Anderson Decl.,

Ex. B.. Accordingly, the Court shall enter judgment against Defendant in the amount of $454.49

in interest, liquidated damages, and PPA surcharges for this period.

       In addition, Plaintiffs have adequately demonstrated that Defendant owes liquidated

damages, interest, and PPA surcharges on the underpaid amounts for the period of August 2010

through May 2011, in the amount of $360.94. Although Defendant submitted reports and

contributions for the period of August 2010 through May 2011, Defendant’s payments during

these months were late and Defendant underpaid certain liquidated damages, interest, and PPA

surcharges for these months. Anderson Decl. ¶ 20. The Fund calculated that, pursuant to the

Collection Policy and the Notice of Critical Status, Defendant owes $338.34 in liquidated

                                               10
damages, $12.28 in interest, and $10.32 in PPA surcharges for this period. Id. at ¶¶ 20-22;

Anderson Decl., Ex. B.; see also Compl. Ex. 3 (Collection Policy), at 8-9; Compl. Ex. 4 (Notice

of Critical Status), at 5. Accordingly, the Court shall enter judgment against Defendant in the

amount of $360.94 in interest, liquidated damages, and PPA surcharges for this period.

       In sum, the Court finds that Plaintiffs have provided sufficient documentation to support

their request for a judgment against Defendant and enters judgment against Defendant in the total

amount of $1,132.81.

                                           IV.        CONCLUSION


       For the foregoing reasons, the Court GRANTS Plaintiffs’ [18] Motion for Order of

Contempt. The Court finds Defendant to be in civil contempt of the Court’s October 7, 2013,

Order for failing to submit remittance reports to the Fund for the months of July 2010 and June

2011 through November 2011.

       In addition, the Court finds that Plaintiffs provided sufficient documentation to support

their requests for damages for the periods of July 2010, August 2010 through May 2011, and

June 2011 through November 2011 and enters judgment against Defendant in the amount of

$1,132.81.


                                                          /s/
                                                      COLLEEN KOLLAR-KOTELLY
                                                      UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE




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