            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                     FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT United States Court of Appeals
                                                    Fifth Circuit

                                                                            FILED
                                                                         January 30, 2009

                                       No. 08-10064                   Charles R. Fulbruge III
                                                                              Clerk

In the Matter Of: MIRANT CORPORATION

                                                  Debtor
-------------------------------------------------
FRANK SMITH; KENT KOERPER; BART ENGRAM; MARY LEIGHT; and
L. MATT WILSON

                                                  Appellants-Cross-Appellees
v.

MIRANT CORPORATION

                                                  Appellee-Cross-Appellant



                    Appeals from the United States District Court
                         for the Northern District of Texas
                               USDC No. 4:07-cv-00163


Before HIGGINBOTHAM, BENAVIDES, and STEWART, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
           Appellants/Cross-Appellees appeal the district court’s affirmance of the
bankruptcy court’s order awarding $15,000 in attorneys’ fees and expenses to the
Wilson Law Firm, P.C. (the “Wilson Firm”) under § 503(b)(4) of the Bankruptcy



       *
         Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
                                 No. 08-10064

Code. Appellants contend that the bankruptcy court erred in determining the
amount of fees awarded to the Wilson Firm. Appellee/Cross-Appellant Mirant
Corporation asserts that the Wilson Firm was not entitled to recover any fees
as a matter of law under §503(b)(4). We affirm the holdings of the district court
and bankruptcy court.
                                        I.
      Appellee Mirant Corporation (“Mirant”) and certain of its subsidiaries filed
for relief under chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code.       Appellants are Frank
Smith, Kent Koerper, Bart Engram, Mary Leight, and L. Matt Wilson (“Wilson”),
each a common shareholder of Mirant during the corporation’s bankruptcy
proceedings. Mirant’s reorganization plans, which were filed in early 2005,
stated that its value was substantially less than its outstanding debt, which
would leave existing shareholders with no monetary recovery. To determine
Mirant’s value, the bankruptcy court scheduled a valuation hearing. Appellants
hired Wilson in his capacity as an attorney with the Wilson Firm to represent
all shareholders at the valuation hearing and later proceedings in seeking a
higher recovery for existing Mirant shareholders. Appellants’ fee agreement
with Wilson provided that Appellants would be responsible to him only for a 1%
contingency on profits attributable to the representation that they actually
realized in connection with the sale of their Mirant stock. The fee agreement
also provided for an hourly fee, but stated that the Wilson Firm did “not expect
any individual client to be responsible for the payment of our hourly fees” and
“anticipate[d] applying to the Bankruptcy Court for approval of and payment of
these fees as an expense of the Estate.”
      After the original valuation hearing, the bankruptcy court ordered that a
committee be formed to recalculate Mirant’s value. While the revaluation was
pending, a new reorganization plan was offered that gave existing shareholders
a more favorable recovery. In response to this more favorable reorganization


                                        2
                                No. 08-10064

plan, the bankruptcy court suspended the revaluation committee. The
bankruptcy court then entered its confirmation order effecting Mirant’s
emergence from chapter 11 bankruptcy on January 3, 2006. Appellants filed a
fee application under § 503(b)(4) of the Bankruptcy Code, seeking payment of
fees and expenses totaling $645,146.64.
      The bankruptcy court concluded that § 503(b)(4) allowed the Wilson Firm
to apply directly for payment by the estate even though Appellants had not paid
any of Wilson’s fees. In re Mirant, 354 B.R. 113, 140 (Bankr. N.D. Tex. 2006).
The bankruptcy court then found that the Wilson Firm had made a substantial
contribution, but also concluded that the firm “overestimate[d] the magnitude
of the contribution made” and that the contribution “ha[d] not been entirely
positive.” Thus, the bankruptcy court awarded Wilson partial payment in the
amount of $15,000.     The bankruptcy court denied Appellants’ motion to
reconsider. Appellants appealed the bankruptcy court’s ruling on the fee amount
awarded to the Wilson Firm to the district court, and Mirant cross-appealed,
asserting that the bankruptcy court erred in awarding the Wilson Firm any fees.
The district court affirmed the opinion of the bankruptcy court in all respects
and denied a motion by the Wilson Firm for rehearing. The instant appeal
followed.
                                      II.
      This court reviews a bankruptcy court’s determination of attorney’s fees
for abuse of discretion. In re Barron, 325 F.3d 690, 692 (5th Cir. 2003). This
“abuse of discretion standard includes review to determine that the discretion
was not guided by erroneous legal conclusions.”        Id. (citation omitted).
Consistent with this review, findings of fact are reviewed for clear error and
conclusions of law are reviewed de novo. Id.




                                      3
                                         No. 08-10064

                                               III.
       In its cross-appeal, Mirant asserts that the bankruptcy court erred, as a
matter of law, in authorizing Wilson to recover any fees when Appellants were
not obligated to pay such fees. Section 503(b)(4) of the Bankruptcy Code,
governing the payment of professional fees out of the bankruptcy estate,
provides for:
       reasonable compensation for professional services rendered by an
       attorney or an accountant of an entity whose expense is allowable
       under paragraph (3) of this subsection, based on the time, the
       nature, the extent, and the value of such services, and the cost of
       comparable services other than in a case under this title, and
       reimbursement for actual, necessary expenses incurred by such
       attorney or accountant.

11 U.S.C.A.        § 503(b)(4).     Mirant argues that this section, when read in
conjunction with § 503(b)(3)(D),1 regarding the payment of administrative
expenses out of the bankruptcy estate, provides only for reimbursement of
attorney’s fees actually “incurred” by the entity employing the attorney, and thus
Appellants’ fee agreement—under which no fees were due to the Wilson
Firm2—prevents the firm from recovering fees from the estate.




       1
           Section 503(b)(3)(D) provides that an expense shall be allowed for:

       the actual, necessary expenses, other than compensation and reimbursement
       specified in paragraph (4) of this subsection, incurred by . . . a creditor, an
       indenture trustee, an equity security holder, or a committee representing
       creditors or equity security holders . . . in making a substantial contribution in
       a case under chapter 9 or 11 of this title.

11 U.S.C.A. § 503(b)(3)(D)(emphasis added).
       2
        The clients of the Wilson Firm were not obligated to pay any fees to the firm under the
terms of the agreement because (1) the Wilson Firm did “not expect any individual client to be
responsible for the payment of our hourly fees” and (2) the contingency fee agreement was
dependent upon the clients sale of the stock, which had not occurred at the time the fee
application was filed.

                                                4
                                        No. 08-10064

       Although Mirant asserts that the attorney’s fees recoverable under §
503(b)(4) must have been “incurred by” the creditor/client, the wording of the
statute does not support such an interpretation. See In re W. Asbestos Co., 318
B.R. 527, 530 (Bankr. N.D. Cal. 2004) (“Section 503(b)(4) does not require that
the attorneys’ fees and expenses that form the basis for the administrative claim
be incurred by the creditor. It simply requires that the attorney whose fees and
expenses form the basis for the administrative claim represent the creditor who
made a substantial contribution.”). Section 503(b)(4) requires only that the
“attorney or [] accountant” whose fees are being reimbursed must have
represented “an entity whose expense is allowable under paragraph (3).” 11
U.S.C.A. § 503(b)(4). An entity whose expenses are allowable under paragraph
(3) is defined as a “creditor, an indenture trustee, an equity security holder, or
a committee representing creditors or equity security holders” who made a
substantial contribution to the bankruptcy proceedings. 11 U.S.C.A. § 503(b)(3).
The fact that other administrative expenses compensable under paragraph (3),
a category which specifically excludes attorneys’ fees compensable under
paragraph (4), must have been “incurred by” the creditor does not warrant the
same result with regard to paragraph (4). Because the Wilson Firm represented
a party specified under the statute and the bankruptcy judge determined that
the firm made a “substantial contribution” to the bankruptcy proceeding, the
bankruptcy judge correctly awarded fees under § 503(b)(4).3
                                              IV.
       In their direct appeal, Appellants contend that the bankruptcy court erred
in determining the amount of fees awarded to the Wilson Firm under §503(b)(4).


       3
         Even if the statute required that attorneys fees be “incurred” in order to be
compensable, it is not entirely clear here that there is no obligation to pay fees to the Wilson
Firm. The parties appear to agree that the clients of the Wilson Firm have incurred an
obligation to pay the contingency fee portion of the fees at the time of the sale of their Mirant
stock.

                                               5
                                  No. 08-10064
The bankruptcy court found that the Wilson Firm had substantially contributed
to the bankruptcy case, but reduced the award to $15,000 from Wilson’s request
of $645,146.64. The court also refused to enhance Appellants’ fee award on the
basis of the contingency fee agreement. Appellants claims that the bankruptcy
court failed to follow the procedures this court set out for determining fee awards
in Johnson v. Georgia Highway Express, 488 F.2d 714 (5th Cir.1974).
      This Court has stated that “the bankruptcy court is one of equity and thus
has broad equitable—and hence discretionary—powers to award attorney’s fees.”
In re Anderson, 936 F .2d 199, 204 (5th Cir. 1991); see also In re Lawler, 807 F.2d
1207, 1211 (5th Cir. 1987) (“The bankruptcy court is more familiar with the
actual services performed and ‘has a far better means of knowing what is just
and reasonable than an appellate court can have.’” (citation omitted)). In
determining “reasonable compensation,” § 503(b)(4) directs the court to consider
“the time, the nature, the extent, and the value of such services, and the cost of
comparable services . . . .” 11 U.S.C. § 503(b)(4).
      The bankruptcy court found that Wilson’s contributions were not entirely
positive and were duplicative of efforts made by other parties in the proceeding.
Given the broad discretion of the bankruptcy court to determine the fee award,
we do not find that the court abused its discretion in reducing the award given
to the Wilson Firm.       Furthermore, because there were no outstanding
circumstances presented that warranted a fee enhancement, the bankruptcy
court’s refusal to approve the bonus fee application was not an abuse of
discretion.
                                        V.
      For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the district court, confirming
that of the bankruptcy court, is AFFIRMED.




                                        6
