     Case: 12-20255       Document: 00512057664         Page: 1     Date Filed: 11/19/2012




           IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT  United States Court of Appeals
                                                    Fifth Circuit

                                                                            FILED
                                                                        November 19, 2012
                                     No. 12-20255
                                   Summary Calendar                        Lyle W. Cayce
                                                                                Clerk




In the Matter of: CHRISTOPHER PAUL RABALAIS,

                                           Debtor.


CHRISTOPHER PAUL RABALAIS,

                                           Appellant,

versus

SETH LEON,

                                           Appellee.




                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                        for the Southern District of Texas
                                 No. 4:12-CV-102



Before SMITH, PRADO, and HIGGINSON, Circuit Judges
PER CURIAM:*


       *
         Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
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                                    No. 12-20255

        Christopher Rabalais, pro se, appeals the judgment of the district court
affirming the bankruptcy court’s grant in part of Seth Leon’s motion for sum-
mary judgment. Because Rabalais points to no reversible error by either court,
we affirm.


                                          I.
        Rabalais founded and served as President and CEO of AllSportsMarket
(“ASM”), a website where investors could buy and sell shares in the performance
of athletes and sports teams. Leon deposited $31,000 on the website and, by a
series of successful trades, eventually accumulated $400,000.              When he
attempted to withdraw his funds, he discovered that most of his money was
gone.
        Leon sued Rabalais, ASM, and a related entity in California state court,
alleging fraud, deceit, and other claims. Although Rabalais appeared and filed
a demurrer on Leon’s original complaint, he did not answer Leon’s second
amended complaint. Therefore, the court entered a default against him, which
Rabalais, though counsel, requested the court to vacate. Leon then filed a
request for entry of default judgment, to which Rabalais filed an opposition,
substituting himself for counsel, pro se.
        The California court conducted a two-day trial on Leon’s request; Rabalais
did not appear. Leon presented evidence of fraud committed by Rabalais. After
hearing testimony and evidence, the court specifically inquired as to the basis
of Rabalais’s individual liability for fraud and found there was ample evidence,
commenting:
        [T]he fraud that’s permeated this entire enterprise . . . On its face
        it seems to be a clear Ponzi scheme. So it either seems like a Ponzi
        scheme or gambling or something other than a true investment plat-
        form. . . . If it looks like a duck and walks like a duck, it’s a Ponzi
        scheme.


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                                   No. 12-20255

The court then issued a Notice of Ruling on Default Judgment. It awarded Leon
$379,026.14 plus costs of $320 against Rabalais and his two co-defendants,
jointly and severally. On January 4, 2010, the California court entered a judg-
ment against Rabalais in the amount of $379,346.14. Rabalais did not appeal.
         Rabalais filed a petition under chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code on Janu-
ary 3, 2011, and listed the California state judgment in his Schedule F. Leon
filed an adversary proceeding to determine the dischargeability of Rabalais’s
debt and then a motion for summary judgment. The bankruptcy court granted
Leon’s motion in part in February of this year, holding that the debt was not dis-
chargeable, because the money had been obtained by false pretenses, false repre-
sentations, and actual fraud under 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(2). In particular, the court
found that collateral estoppel compelled it to grant summary judgement for
Leon, because the question of Rabalais’s fraud was actually litigated and neces-
sarily decided in the California court. Furthermore, although Rabalais raised
numerous objections to the California proceedings, the bankruptcy court found
that the Rooker-Feldman doctrine prevented it from considering them. Rabalais
appealed to the district court, which affirmed, whereupon he appealed to this
court.


                                         II.
         Rabalais does not allege that the bankruptcy court or the district court
erred in law or fact. Instead, he argues that the California court improperly
determined that ASM was either gambling or a Ponzi scheme. He urges this
court to use his case as a vehicle to clarify what gambling is.
         Even assuming, arguendo, that the California court erred by describing
ASM as gambling or a Ponzi scheme, the bankruptcy court correctly concluded
that it could not revisit that characterization. Generally speaking, bankruptcy
courts may not sit as appellate courts and revisit the merits of state court deci-

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                                  No. 12-20255

sions. Rooker v. Fid. Trust Co., 263 U.S. 413 (1923); D.C. Ct. App. v. Feldman,
460 U.S. 462 (1983). Under the Rooker-Feldman doctrine, federal courts “lack
jurisdiction to entertain collateral attacks on state court judgments.” Liedtke v.
State Bar of Tex., 18 F.3d 315 (5th Cir. 1994). A state court judgment is
“attacked” when the losing party in a state court action seeks “what in substance
would be appellate review of the state judgment.” Johnson v. De Grandy, 512
U.S. 997, 1005-06 (1994). Rabalais’s “attack” on the California court’s decision-
making ought to have been raised on appeal in the California court system, not
before a federal bankruptcy court. Like the bankruptcy court, we lack the
authority to review the decision of the California court.
      This court construes pro se briefs liberally, but even they must contain
reasons why the appellant is entitled to his requested relief. Yohey v. Collins,
985 F.2d 222, 224-25 (5th Cir. 1993). Rabalais has not briefed for this court any
reason to reverse the judgment of the district court, which is therefore
AFFIRMED.




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