                                 IN THE
                         TENTH COURT OF APPEALS

                                No. 10-09-00216-CV

                    IN THE INTEREST OF B.N., A CHILD


                          From the 85th District Court
                              Brazos County, Texas
                        Trial Court No. 08-002607-CV-85


                          MEMORANDUM OPINION


      Mary, a pseudonym for Appellant, appeals from an order finding that her appeal

of the trial court’s judgment terminating the parent-child relationship between her and

B.N. was frivolous. The trial court entered an order that terminated her parental rights

and named the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services as the child’s

managing conservator. The trial court held a hearing pursuant to section 263.405 of the

Texas Family Code and determined that the appeal was frivolous. Mary’s complaints

raised in her “Statement of the Points or Issues to be Presented on Appeal” and

determined to be frivolous are that the trial court erred in the admission of opinion

testimony by expert and non-expert witnesses and that the evidence was insufficient for

the trial court to have terminated her parental rights based on four predicate acts and

the best interest of the child. Because we find that the trial court did not err in its

frivolousness determination, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Frivolousness Determination

        After the trial court entered a judgment that terminated the parental rights of

Mary to her child, a hearing was held pursuant to the Texas Family Code relating to

indigency and frivolousness of the appeal. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 263.405(d) (Vernon

Supp. 2007). The trial court determined that the appeal on the statement of points that

had been filed was frivolous. Our review, therefore, is limited solely to the trial court’s

determination that the appeal is frivolous. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 263.405(g) (Vernon

Supp. 2007).

        The statement of points raised by the mother and included in her brief to this

Court are as follows:

    1. The trial court abused its discretion by allowing opinion testimony of non-expert
       witnesses over the objections of counsel;

    2. The trial court abused its discretion by qualifying a non-expert, party-opponent
       as an expert for the purpose of admitting opinion testimony as to the best
       interests (sic) of a child over the objection of counsel;

    3. The trial court abused its discretion by continually admitting opinion testimony
       by non-expert witnesses over the objections of counsel;

    4. The trial court lacked sufficient evidence to support a finding by clear and
       convincing evidence that Respondent knowingly placed or knowingly allowed
       the child to remain in conditions or surroundings which endangered the physical
       or emotional well-being of the child;

    5. The trial court lacked sufficient evidence to support a finding by clear and
       convincing evidence that Respondent engaged in conduct or knowingly placed
       the child with persons who engaged in conduct which endangered the physical
       or emotional well-being of the child;

    6. The trial court lacked sufficient evidence to support a finding by clear and
       convincing evidence that Respondent constructively abandoned the child who
       has been in the permanent or temporary managing conservatorship of the
       Department of Family and Protective Services or an authorized agency for not
       less than six months, and: (1) the department or other authorized agency has

In the Interest of B.N.                                                              Page 2
        made reasonable efforts to return the child to the parent; (2) the mother has not
        regularly visited or maintained significant contact with the child; and (3) the
        parent has demonstrated an inability to provide the child with a safe
        environment;

    7. The trial court lacked sufficient evidence to support a finding by clear and
       convincing evidence that Respondent failed to comply with the provisions of a
       court order that specifically established the actions necessary for the parent to
       obtain the return of the child who has been in the permanent or temporary
       managing conservatorship of the Department of Family and Protective Services
       for not less than nine months as a result of the child’s removal from the parent
       under Chapter 262 for the abuse or neglect of the child;

    8. The trial court lacked sufficient evidence to support a finding by clear and
       convincing evidence that termination of the parent-child relationship is in the
       best interest of the child.

        We have reviewed the record of the proceeding upon which the trial court made

its finding that the appeal on the issues presented in the statement of points was

frivolous. The record from the section 263.405 frivolousness hearing indicates that the

trial court based its determination, in part, on the trial court’s recollection of the trial on

the merits. Because the trial court’s frivolous appeal finding is in part based upon the

trial on the merits, our review included a review of the reporter’s record of the trial on

the merits.

        “In determining whether an appeal is frivolous, a judge may consider whether

the appellant has presented a substantial question for appellate review.” TEX. CIV.

PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 13.003(b) (Vernon 2002); see Lumpkin v. Dep’t of Family &

Protective Servs., 260 S.W.3d 524 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist] 2008, no pet.). An

appeal is frivolous when it lacks an arguable basis either in law or in fact. See In re K.D.,

202 S.W.3d 860, 866 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2006, no pet.). We review the trial court’s

determination for an abuse of discretion. See In re S.T., 263 S.W.3d 394, 398 (Tex. App.—


In the Interest of B.N.                                                                  Page 3
Waco 2008, pet. den’d.).

Grounds for Termination and Best Interest

        The trial court terminated Mary’s parental rights on the grounds that she: (1)

“knowingly placed or knowingly allowed the children to remain in conditions or

surroundings which endanger the physical or emotional well-being of the children;” (2)

“engaged in conduct or knowingly placed the children with persons who engaged in

conduct which endangers the physical or emotional well-being of the children;” (3)

constructively abandoned the children; and (4) “failed to comply with the provisions of

a court order that specifically established the actions necessary for the parent to obtain

the return of the children who have been in the permanent or temporary managing

conservatorship of [TDFPS] for not less than nine months as a result of the child’s

removal from the parent under Chapter 262 for the abuse or neglect of the children.”

See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(D), (E), (N), (O) (Vernon Supp. 2009).

        Sufficient evidence of only one of those four predicate grounds, along with the

requisite finding that termination is in the best interest of the child, is sufficient to

support the trial court’s termination order. See In re A.V., 113 S.W.3d 355, 362 (Tex.

2003). Because our review is limited to the frivolousness finding, we are called on to

determine whether the trial court abused its discretion when it decided that a

sufficiency challenge to one finding of a predicate act and the best interest of the child

failed to present a substantial question for review.

        Section 161.001(N), constructive abandonment, has four elements: (1) the child

was in the conservatorship of the Department for not less than six months; (2) the

Department made reasonable efforts to return the child to the parent; (3) the parent did

In the Interest of B.N.                                                             Page 4
not regularly visit the child or maintain significant contact with the child; and (4) the

parent demonstrated an inability to provide the child with a safe environment. TEX.

FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(N) (Vernon Supp. 2009). Mary challenges only the first and

third elements in her brief to this Court.

        The Department was named the temporary managing conservator in October of

2008. Mary was provided with a family service plan in December of 2008 which set

forth the requirements Mary needed to meet in order to have B.N. returned to her.

Mary visited with the child in December of 2008. As of June 10, 2009, the date of the

final hearing, Mary had not had any visits after December. Mary moved to more than

one city during the pendency of the case, and did not maintain contact with the

Department after late February or early March of 2009, did not maintain steady

employment or housing, and did not complete any of the services required with the

exception that she completed her psychological evaluation at the fourth scheduled

appointment. We find Mary’s contentions to be without merit. The evidence was both

legally and factually sufficient for the trial court to have determined that Mary had

constructively abandoned B.N.

        Further, the evidence must be sufficient for the trial court to have determined

that termination was in the best interest of the child.     We find it unnecessary to

summarize all of the evidence relevant to this element.        The evidence presented

included that the child exhibited violent behaviors after visits with Mary, but once the

visits stopped, so did the violent behaviors. B.N. was in a foster home where the foster

parent wanted to adopt B.N. B.N. was calling the foster parent “Mom” by the time of

the final hearing and no longer asked about Mary. The guardian ad litem and the two

In the Interest of B.N.                                                            Page 5
witnesses from the Department that testified all affirmed that termination was in the

best interest of B.N. The attorney ad litem recommended termination. Mary did not

appear at the final hearing. We hold that because the evidence was both legally and

factually sufficient for the trial court to have found by clear and convincing evidence

that termination of the parent-child relationship was in the best interest of B.N., the trial

court did not abuse its discretion in its determination that issues six and eight were

frivolous.     Because it only requires a finding of one predicate act, and we have

determined that a challenge to point six asserting the constructive abandonment ground

was frivolous, a challenge to the other grounds, points four, five, and seven would be

without merit and therefore the trial court did not abuse its discretion in determining

those points were likewise frivolous.

Evidentiary Complaints

        Mary’s other issues contained in her statement of points relate to the admission

of non-expert opinion testimony and expert testimony. In her brief to this Court,

Mary’s sole reference to the rules of evidence is based on rule 403, which does not

comport with her objection at trial relating to the opinion testimony of non-experts, and

therefore presents nothing for review as it relates to our determination of frivolousness.

See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a). Other than this reference, Mary does not point to what rule of

evidence on which she bases her complaints. During the final hearing, Mary objected

several times to the witnesses giving non-expert opinions. We note that non-expert

opinions are not per se inadmissible. See TEX. R. EVID. 701. Mary did not express any

other basis for her objections.



In the Interest of B.N.                                                                Page 6
        Mary complains of the trial court’s determination that her complaint regarding

the admission of testimony by a supervisor working for the Department was frivolous.

Mary contends that it was erroneous to allow the witness to testify that engaging in

criminal activity endangers a child. The witness testified that engaging in criminal

conduct endangers the welfare and well-being of a child without a timely objection. It

was right after this answer was given and the objection was then made that the

Department sought to have the witness qualified as an expert. The witness testified to

other issues, including best interest, which are not included in Mary’s complaint as

presented to this Court. We find that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in

determining that these points in Mary’s statement of points for appeal were frivolous.

We thus hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in determining that points

one, two, and three in the statement of points were frivolous.

Conclusion

        We find that the trial court did not err in its determination that an appeal on the

issues presented in the statement of points was frivolous. We affirm the trial court’s

determination and related order that the appeal was frivolous.



                                          TOM GRAY
                                          Chief Justice

Before Chief Justice Gray,
       Justice Reyna, and
       Justice Davis
Affirmed
Opinion delivered and filed September 1, 2010
[CV06]



In the Interest of B.N.                                                              Page 7
