
TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN



NO. 03-10-00124-CV


Horatio Hoss Castillo, Appellant

v.

Texas Board of Professional Engineers, Appellee




FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 353RD JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. D-1-GN-09-003047, HONORABLE SCOTT H. JENKINS, JUDGE PRESIDING


M E M O R A N D U M   O P I N I O N

		Horatio "Hoss" Castillo appeals from the district court's grant of the plea to the
jurisdiction filed by the Texas Board of Professional Engineers in Castillo's suit for judicial review
of a Board order suspending Castillo's engineering license and imposing administrative penalties. 
In its plea to the jurisdiction, the Board asserted that Castillo's petition was untimely under
section 2001.176(a) of the Texas Administrative Procedure Act (APA).  See Tex. Gov't Code Ann.
§ 2001.176(a) (West 2008).  In a single issue, Castillo complains that the district court erred in
granting the Board's plea to the jurisdiction because the Board's order was untimely under
section 2001.143 of the APA and was therefore a void order that could not become the Board's
final order under section 2001.144 of the APA so as to trigger the timetable for Castillo's appeal. 
See id. §§ 2001.143-.144 (West 2008).  Because we find no error in the district court's order granting
the plea to the jurisdiction, we affirm the order.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

		Castillo was retained by Kenedy County as the engineer for two public works
projects.  After the projects were completed, the Board received a complaint, initiated an
investigation, and bought an enforcement action against Castillo alleging violations of the Texas
Occupational Code and the Texas Administrative Code.  See Tex. Occ. Code Ann. § 1001.452 (West
2004); 22 Tex. Admin. Code §§ 137.57, .63(b)(4), (5) (2010) (Tex. Bd. of Prof'l Eng'rs, Compliance
and Professionalism).  Castillo disputed the charges and, following a contested case hearing in
September 2008, an administrative law judge issued a proposal for decision that included a finding
that Castillo's license should be suspended for three years, with the last two years probated.
		Following its consideration of the proposal for decision on February 26, 2009, the
Board issued an order suspending Castillo's license for five years, with the last two years probated,
assessing administrative penalties in the amount of $30,000, and requiring Castillo to successfully
complete two engineering ethics courses at Texas Tech University.  Castillo filed a timely motion
for rehearing, which the Board granted.  In addition, Castillo and the Board entered into a written
agreement that "the Board shall issue its final order in this case no later than June 25, 2009."  The
Board reheard Castillo's case on June 18, 2009, and on June 29, 2009, issued a "Revised Final
Order" containing the same key provisions as its original order.
		Castillo filed a second motion for rehearing, which the Board denied on
August 5, 2009.  On September 10, 2009, Castillo filed suit in Travis County district court (1) seeking
judicial review of the Board's revised final order and arguing, among other things, that the Board's
revised final order was untimely and void.  The Board filed a plea to the jurisdiction, contending that
the district court lacked jurisdiction because Castillo had not filed his petition within thirty days
of the Board's order becoming final as required by section 2001.176(a) of the APA.  See Tex.
Gov't Code Ann. § 2001.176(a).  The district court granted the Board's plea to the jurisdiction.  This
appeal followed.

ANALYSIS
Standard of Review
		We review a trial court's ruling on a plea to the jurisdiction de novo.  Westbrook
v. Penley, 231 S.W.3d 389, 394 (Tex. 2007).  A plea to the jurisdiction is a dilatory plea that seeks
dismissal of a case for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.  Harris County v. Sykes, 136 S.W.3d 635,
638 (Tex. 2004).  "In an appeal from a plea to the jurisdiction, we 'review the face of appellants'
pleadings to determine whether they show a lack of jurisdiction or whether the pleadings, if liberally
construed, favor[] jurisdiction.'"  University Interscholastic League v. Southwest Officials Ass'n,
319 S.W.3d 952, 956 (Tex. App.--Austin 2010, no pet.) (quoting Atmos Energy Corp. v. Abbott,
127 S.W.3d 852, 855 (Tex. App.--Austin 2004, no pet.)).  If the pleadings do not affirmatively
demonstrate the trial court's jurisdiction but do not affirmatively demonstrate incurable defects in
jurisdiction, the issue is one of pleading sufficiency, and the plaintiff should be afforded the
opportunity to amend.  Texas Dep't of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d 217, 226-27 (Tex.
2004). If the pleadings affirmatively negate jurisdiction, then a plea to the jurisdiction may be
granted without allowing an opportunity to amend.  Id. at 227.
		Because Castillo challenges the district court's application of provisions of the APA,
his issue involves matters of statutory construction, which we also review de novo.  See Texas Mun.
Power Agency v. Public Util. Comm'n, 253 S.W.3d 184, 192 (Tex. 2007).  Our primary objective
is to give effect to the legislature's intent as expressed in the statute's language.  See Tex. Gov't
Code Ann. § 312.005 (West 2005); Galbraith Eng'g Consultants, Inc. v. Pochucha, 290 S.W.3d 863,
867 (Tex. 2009).  We rely on the plain meaning of the text unless a different meaning is supplied by
legislative definition or is apparent from the context, or the plain meaning leads to absurd results. 
See City of Rockwall v. Hughes, 246 S.W.3d 621, 625-26 (Tex. 2008).  We determine legislative
intent from the entire act, not from isolated portions.  20801, Inc. v. Parker, 249 S.W.3d 392, 396
(Tex. 2008).  We construe statutes waiving sovereign and governmental immunity strictly.  City of
Houston v. Jackson, 192 S.W.3d 764, 770 (Tex. 2006). "[A] statute shall not be construed as a
waiver of sovereign immunity unless the waiver is effected by clear and unambiguous language." 
Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 311.034 (West Supp. 2010).

Timeliness of Castillo's Petition for Judicial Review

		We first consider the timeliness of Castillo's petition for judicial review under section
2001.176(a) of the APA.  Unless otherwise provided, the APA's contested case and judicial review
procedures apply to agency proceedings.  Marble Falls Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Scott, 275 S.W.3d 558,
563 (Tex. App.--Austin 2008, pet. denied); see also Tex. Gov't Code Ann. §§ 2001.051-.178
(governing procedures for and judicial review of contested cases), 2001.221-.226 ("Exceptions")
(State Board of Professional Engineers not excepted from application of APA) (West 2008 &
Supp. 2010).  The APA provides that a petition for judicial review of an agency decision in a
contested case must be filed no later than 30 days after the date the decision becomes final.  See Tex.
Gov't Code Ann. § 2001.176(a).
		In suits against governmental entities, a timely filed petition for judicial review is a
statutory prerequisite to suit, so that failure to comply deprives the district court of jurisdiction to
review the agency decision.  Section 311.034 of the Code Construction Act provides that "[s]tatutory
prerequisites to a suit . . . are jurisdictional requirements in all suits against a governmental entity." 
Id. § 311.034.  The legislature added this language to section 311.034 in 2005.  See Act of May 25,
2005, 79th Leg., R.S., ch. 1150, § 1, 2005 Tex. Gen. Laws 3783, 3783.  The legislative history of
this amendment reflects that the legislature wanted to "make it clear that the decision to waive
sovereign immunity rests with the Legislature and that a court does not have jurisdiction over a case
if a plaintiff has not met the statutory prerequisites for a waiver."  See House Research Organization,
Bill Analysis, Tex. H.B. 2988, 79th Leg., R.S. (2005) ("HRO, Bill Analysis, H.B. 2988, 2005").  The
legislative history further reflects the legislative intent that "a court would be required, due to lack
of jurisdiction, to dismiss any case for which the plaintiff had not met statutory requirements."  Id.
		Under the APA, if a timely motion for rehearing is filed, an agency decision becomes
final and appealable on the date the order overruling the motion is rendered.  See Tex. Gov't Code
Ann. § 2001.144(a)(2)(A).  The record in this case shows that the Board's order became final and
appealable when the Board overruled Castillo's second motion for rehearing on August 5, 2009.  The
record further shows that Castillo filed his petition in the district court on September 9, 2009.  Thus,
it is clear from the record that Castillo did not file his petition for review within 30 days of the
board's order becoming final, as required by section 2001.176(a) of the APA.  See id. § 2001.176(a).

Timeliness of Board Order
		Although it is clear from the record, and Castillo does not dispute, that he did not file
his petition in the district court within 30 days of the Board's denial of his second motion
for rehearing, Castillo nevertheless contends that his petition was timely.  Specifically, he argues
that the thirty-day period for seeking judicial review under section 2001.176(a) of the APA does
not apply in this case because the Board's revised final order was untimely.  Under
section 2001.143(a) of the APA, "[a] decision or order . . . in a contested case must be rendered not
later than the 60th day after the date on which the hearing is finally closed."  Id. § 2001.143(a).  The
sixty-day time limit for rendering the order may be modified by the parties pursuant to
section 2001.147 of the APA.  Id. § 2001.147.  In this case, the record shows that the parties
entered into a written agreement modifying and extending the section 2001.143(a) time limit to
June 25, 2009.  See id. §§ 2001.143(a), .147.  The record also shows that the Board did not sign the
order until June 29, 2009, four days past the date specified in the parties' written agreement.
		Castillo argues that because the Board did not issue the order by the date recited in
the parties' written agreement, the order was untimely under section 2001.143 and therefore void. 
Because it was void, Castillo asserts, the Board's order was not eligible to become a final decision
under section 2001.144.  See id. § 2001.144(a)(2)(A).  Castillo further argues that, in the absence of
a final order, the thirty-day time period for filing a petition for review under section 2001.176(a) was
not triggered, his petition was not untimely, and there was no ground for the district court to grant
the Board's plea to the jurisdiction.
		As a predicate to his argument, Castillo contends that the parties' written agreement,
entitled "Rule 11 Agreement," is an agreement pursuant to Rule 11 of the Texas Rules of Civil
Procedure and is therefore enforceable against the Board.  See Tex. R. Civ. P. 11; In re BP Prods.
N. Am., Inc., 244 S.W.3d 840, 845-46 (Tex. 2008) (parties' discovery agreement complying with
Rule 11 enforceable).  However, at the time the parties entered into the agreement, there was no case
pending before the district court.  Rule 11 is applicable only to agreements made during the course
of pending litigation.  See Tex. R. Civ. P. 11 ("[N]o agreement between attorneys or parties touching
any suit pending will be enforced unless [certain conditions are met.]") (emphasis added); see also
Kennedy v. Hyde, 682 S.W.2d 525, 528 (Tex. 1984) ("The rule has been held applicable to a wide
variety of agreements concerning lawsuits . . . .") (emphasis added).  Because the parties entered into
the agreement during the course of the administrative proceeding, it was governed by the provisions
of the APA, not by the rules of civil procedure.  Thus, we conclude that the parties' "Rule
11 Agreement" was, in fact, an agreement pursuant to section 2001.147 of the APA to modify the
time limit set forth in section 2001.143(a).  See Tex. Gov't Code Ann. §§ 2001.143(a), .147.
		We turn, then, to the interplay between sections 2001.143(a) and 2001.147.  The law
is settled that the sixty-day time limit under section 2001.143(a) for an agency to render its order is
directory, not mandatory, and an agency's failure to render its decision in the statutory time period
does not make the order void.  Suburban Util. Corp. v. Public Util. Comm'n, 652 S.W.2d 358, 362
(Tex. 1983) (construing statutory predecessor to section 2001.143(a) containing comparable
language); Marble Falls Indep. Sch. Dist., 275 S.W.3d at 563 (sixty-day provision of
section 2001.143(a) directory, not mandatory).  The pivotal inquiry before us, then, is whether the
parties' agreement under section 2001.147 creates a mandatory time limit, while the time limit of
section 2001.143(a) is directory only.  We conclude that it does not.
		 In reaching its determination that section 2001.143(a) is directory rather than
mandatory, the supreme court observed that the purpose of the sixty-day provision is "to promote
the proper, orderly, and prompt conduct of business by the agency," and it is "not intended to fix a
time limitation upon the power of administrative agencies to render decisions after expiration of the
sixty days mentioned."  Suburban Util., 652 S.W.2d at 362 (citing Railroad Comm'n v. City of
Fort Worth, 576 S.W.2d 899 (Tex. Civ. App.--Austin 1979, writ ref'd n.r.e.)).  The supreme court
further noted that if a "'provision direct[s] doing of a thing in a certain time without any negative
words restraining it afterwards, the provision as to time is usually directory.'"  Id. (quoting Lewis
v. Jacksonville Bldg. & Loan Ass'n, 540 S.W.2d 307, 310 (Tex. 1976)).
		We find this analysis to be equally applicable when the prescribed time limit of
section 2001.143(a) is modified by an agreement under section 2001.147.  The modified time limit
agreed to by the parties in accordance with section 2001.147 is still a time limit pursuant to
section 2001.143(a).  Significantly, Castillo contends that the Board's order was untimely under
section 2001.143.  Further, the fact that the time limit has been modified does not alter the original
purpose behind the creation of the time limit.  The directory time limit in section 2001.143(a),
included for the purpose of promoting the prompt and orderly conduct of agency business, see id.,
affects only the administrative process within the agency, and modifying it does not alter that. (2)  We
also note that any delay caused by the Board's failure to issue the order by the date specified in the
agreement did not deprive Castillo of his right to appeal or otherwise affect his substantive rights. 
See Suburban Util., 652 S.W.2d at 362; Texas Dep't of Public Safety v. Repschleger,
951 S.W.2d 932, 934-35 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1997, no pet.).  Moreover, as in section
2001.143(a), there are no negative words of restraint or noncompliance penalties in section 2001.147
for the agency's failure to comply with the modified time limit.  See Tex. Gov't Code Ann.
§ 2001.147; Suburban Util., 652 S.W.2d at 362.  For section 2001.147 to make the modified time
period mandatory, it would have to evince an intent to restrict the agency after the expiration of the
time period, or state some legal consequence for the failure to render a decision within the time limit. 
See Lewis v. Jacksonville Bldg. & Loan Ass'n, 540 S.W.2d 307, 310 (Tex. 1976).  Section 2001.147
clearly does not do so.  See Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 2001.147.
		In contrast, once a dispute moves beyond the administrative process, the time limit
in section 2001.176(a) for filing a petition for review is a statutory prerequisite, and failure to comply
with that prerequisite deprives the district court of jurisdiction to hear the appeal.  See Tex. Gov't
Code Ann. § 311.034; HRO, Bill Analysis, H.B.2988, 2005.  The Board's delay in issuing its order
did not render it void, see Suburban Util., 652 S.W.2d at 362, and once the Board denied Castillo's
second motion for rehearing, the order became final, and Castillo had 30 days to file his petition for
review with the district court.  See Tex. Gov't Code Ann. §§ 2001.144(a)(2)(A), .176(a).  Because
he failed to do so, the district court had no jurisdiction to hear his appeal, and the district court's
grant of the Board's plea to the jurisdiction was proper.  We overrule Castillo's issue.

CONCLUSION

		Having overruled Castillo's single issue, we affirm the order of the district court.


						________________________________________
						Jan P. Patterson, Justice
Before Chief Justice Jones, Justices Patterson and Henson
Affirmed
Filed:   December 14, 2010
1.   The Administrative Procedure Act provides that petitions for judicial review must be filed
in Travis County district court unless otherwise provided by statute.  See Tex. Gov't Code Ann.
§ 2001.176(b)(1) (West 2008). 
2.   Castillo argues that the Board attaches significance to agency agreements with parties as
shown by its determination that there is a public benefit from such agreements.  The "public benefit"
cited by the Board, however, is "better coordination of the presentation of proposed
decisions in contested cases at the regularly scheduled quarterly meetings of the Board."
34 Tex. Reg. 4620 (July 10, 2009) (hearing on proposed rule authorizing Board's
executive director to enter into agreements for the extension of time permitted by
section 2001.147 of the Administrative Procedure Act).  See Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 2001.147
(West 2008); 22 Tex. Admin. Code § 139.63 (2010) (Tex. Bd. of Prof'l Eng'rs, Enforcement).  Thus,
the Board's view of the purpose of agreements under section 2001.147 as facilitating the
coordination of the presentation of decisions is consistent with the supreme court's interpretation of
section 2001.143(a) as intended to promote the prompt and orderly conduct of agency business, not
to prescribe a mandatory deadline.  See Suburban Util. Corp. v. Public Util. Comm'n, 652 S.W.2d
358, 362 (Tex. 1983) (construing statutory predecessor to section 2001.147 containing comparable
language); Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 2001.143(a) (West 2008), § 2001.147.
