                                      NOT PRECEDENTIAL

       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                _______________

                    No. 10-3548
                  _______________

     NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD,

                               Petitioner

                          v.

        REGENCY GRANDE NURSING AND
           REHABILITATION CENTER,

                                Respondent



                   ______________

  On Appeal from the National Labor Relations Board
              (NLRB-1 : 22-CA-28331
               NLRB-1 : 22-CA-28384
               NLRB-1 : 22-RC-12889
              NLRB-1 : 22-RC-12895)
                  ______________

    Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                    June 21, 2011

BEFORE: BARRY, AMBRO and COWEN , Circuit Judges

                (Filed: August 9, 2011 )
                  _______________

                     OPINION
                  _______________
COWEN, Circuit Judge.

       This case is before the Court on an application of the National Labor Relations

Board (the “Board”) to enforce an order entered on August 23, 2010 against Regency

Grande Nursing and Rehabilitation Center (“Regency Grande”). For the reasons that

follow, we will enforce the order.

                                      I.

       In 2005, the Board found that Regency Grande had engaged in unfair labor

practices at its Dover, New Jersey facility during organizing efforts by Local 300S, a

union affiliated with the United Food and Commercial Workers Union, and Local 1199

of the Service Employees International Union (“SEIU”). Specifically, the Board found

that Regency Grande had violated Sections 8(a)(1), (2), and (3) of the National Labor

Relations Act (the “Act”) by recognizing Local 300S as the exclusive collective-

bargaining representative of employees and entering into a collective-bargaining

agreement with Local 300S at a time when that union did not represent a majority of

those employees. Regency Grande Nursing & Rehab. Ctr., 347 NLRB 1143 (2006).

Upon review, this Court found that substantial evidence supported the Board’s findings

and enforced the Board’s order. N.L.R.B. v. Regency Grand Nursing & Rehab. Ctr., 265

F. App’x 74 (3d Cir. 2008) (not precedential) (“Regency Grande I”).

       Soon thereafter, the Board filed additional unfair labor practices charges against

Regency Grande concerning its actions at the Dover facility. Specifically, the complaint


                                             2
alleged that Regency Grande had violated Sections 8(a)(1) and (3) of the Act by: (a)

interrogating housekeeping employee Manuela Figueroa on March 4, 2008 about why she

met with a union organizer in the home of another employee, causing her to reasonably

believe that her activities were under surveillance; (b) interrogating housekeeping

employee Valeria Madeina on April 10, 2008 as to how she voted in a representation

election; and (c) discharging employee Aida Basualto on April 10, 2008 because she

supported Local 1199.

       Following a hearing, an administrative law judge (“ALJ”) found that Regency

Grande had violated the Act as charged. Regency Grande sought administrative review.

While its appeal was pending before the Board, the company filed a motion requesting

that Board Member Becker recuse himself from the case because he had previously

worked with the SEIU. Upon review, the Board affirmed the ALJ’s rulings and adopted

the recommended order with minor modifications. The Board issued a broad cease-and-

desist order enjoining the company from future violations of the Act, and ordered

Regency Grande to offer Basualto full reinstatement of her former position to the extent

that it had not already done so. The Board denied Regency Grande’s motion to recuse

Member Becker. We now review the Board’s order.1


1
  On September 3, 2009, a two-member panel of Board issued a Decision, Order, and
Certification of Representative adopting and affirming the ALJ’s decision with
modifications. Thereafter, Regency Grande filed a petition for review in the United
States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. On June 17, 2010, the
United States Supreme Court issued its decision in New Process Steel, L.P. v. N.L.R.B.,
130 S. Ct. 2635 (2010), holding that, under Section 3(b) of the Act, a delegee group of at
least three members must be maintained. Thereafter, the Board issued an order setting
aside the September 3, 2009 decision and order. The Board subsequently delegated its
                                             3
                                               II.

       We exercise jurisdiction over this appeal from the Board’s decision pursuant to

Section 10(e) of the NLRA. 29 U.S.C. § 160(e). Where the Board has adopted the ALJ’s

decision in part, we review both the decisions of the ALJ and the Board. See id. We

review these decisions to determine whether there is substantial evidence in the record as

a whole supporting the agency’s findings. Stardyne, Inc. v. N.L.R.B., 41 F.3d 141, 151

(3d Cir. 1994). “Substantial evidence” has been defined as simply “such relevant

evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.”

Hedstrom Co. v. N.L.R.B., 629 F.2d 305, 313 (3d Cir. 1980) (internal quotation marks

and citation omitted). “A court should defer to the Board’s determination under this

restrictive standard of review, even when the court itself would be inclined to adopt a

different interpretation of the evidence.” Id. at 313-314.

                                              III.

       A.     The Section 8(a)(1) Violation

       Regency Grande first challenges agency’s determination that the company

violated Section 8(a)(1) of the Act by interrogating employees about their union activity

and creating the impression of surveillance.

       Section 7 of the Act grants employees the “right to self-organization, to form, join,

or assist labor organizations . . . and to engage in . . . concerted activities for the purpose


authority in this proceeding to a three-member panel, which issued a Decision, Order, and
Certification of Representative on August 23, 2010 incorporating by reference the two-
member panel’s decision and adopting and affirming the ALJ’s decision to the extent and
for the reasons stated in that decision.
                                               4
of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection . . . .” 29 U.S.C. § 157. Section

8(a)(1) of the Act implements that right by making it an unfair labor practice for an

employer “to interfere with, restrain, or coerce employees in the exercise” of their

Section 7 rights. 29 U.S.C. § 158(a)(1). To establish a violation of this provision, “it

need only be shown that under the circumstances existing, the employer’s conduct may

reasonably tend to coerce or intimidate employees in the exercise of rights protected

under the Act.” Hedstrom, 629 F.2d at 314 (internal quotation marks and citation

omitted). Conduct that gives the impression of surveillance violates Section 8(a)(1) if it

tends to interfere with, restrain, or coerce employees in the exercise of their Section 7

rights. Hanlon & Wilson Co. v. N.L.R.B., 738 F.2d 606, 613 (3d Cir. 1984).

       In this case, substantial evidence supports the Board’s determination that Regency

Grande violated Section 8(a)(1) of the Act by its actions on March 4, 2008. At the

hearing, testimony revealed that, on or about March 3, 2008, Basualto and four other

housekeeping employees, including Manuela Figueroa, were talking to a Local 1199

organizer outside of the facility. Basualto invited the group to continue their discussion

at her home, which was located only two buildings away from the facility. The following

day, on March 4, 2008, Figueroa’s supervisor, Housekeeping Director Martin Reyes,

approached her at work and asked her why she had gone to Basualto’s home. When

Figueroa asked Reyes why he was asking, Reyes did not respond. Later that day,

Basualto complained about Reyes’s questioning of Figueroa to Regency Grande

administrators.



                                              5
       The Board reasonably determined that this questioning amounted to unlawful

interference with union activity. Although Regency Grande now argues that Reyes’s

“innocuous” question did not violate the Act because he did not mention unionization

during the conversation (Br. 41-42), we agree with the Board that Reyes’s actions could

have “suggest[ed] to the employees that the employer may take action against them

because of their pro-Union sympathies,” Hunter Douglas, Inc. v. N.L.R.B., 804 F.2d 808,

816 (3d Cir. 1986), and given them the impression that their union activities were under

company surveillance.

       Substantial evidence also supports the Board’s determination that Regency

Grande’s actions on April 10, 2008 violated Section 8(a)(1). Housekeeping employee

Maria Carraon testified that, immediately after she cast her ballot that morning, Reyes

approached her and coworker Valeria Madeina as they left the polling area. Although

Carraon was a well-known supporter of Local 1199, Madeina’s union sympathies were

unknown. After approaching the women, Reyes asked Medeina which union she had

voted for. Madeina responded only that she had voted for “the better one.” (A-186.)

Reyes then asked whether 300S was “the better one,” to which Madeina responded,

“sure.” (Id.) Although Reyes testified that he could not recall this conversation, and told

the ALJ that any such conversation would have been in violation of company policy, the

ALJ discredited his testimony as “vague and hedging.” (A-447.) Given that “credibility

decisions rest with the ALJ as long as he considers all relevant factors and sufficiently

explains his resolutions,” Hanlon, 738 F.2d at 613, we will defer to the ALJ’s findings, as

affirmed by the Board.

                                             6
      B.     The Section 8(a)(3) Violation

      Next, Regency Grande challenges the agency’s determination that the company

violated Section 8(a)(3) of the Act when it discharged employee Basualto in retaliation

for her support of Local 1199.2

      Section 8(a)(3) prohibits an employer from discharging an employee because of

her union membership or activities. N.L.R.B. v. Transp. Mgmt. Corp., 462 U.S. 393,

397-98 (1983), abrogated on other grounds by Director, Office of Workers’

Compensation Programs, Dept. of Labor v. Greenwhich Collieries, 512 U.S. 267, 277

(1994). We have previously explained that “[t]he employer’s motivation in firing the

employee is essential to finding a violation, and the Board may look to both direct and

circumstantial evidence to determine whether an unlawful motive exists.” N.L.R.B. v.

Omnitest Inspection Servs., Inc., 937 F.2d 112, 122 (3d Cir. 1991). To assess the

employer’s motivation, the Board may consider whether the employer knew about the

employee’s union activity, whether the employer was hostile towards the union, the

timing of the employee’s discharge, and the employer’s reasons for discharging the

employee. See, e.g., N.L.R.B. v. Eagle Material Handling, Inc., 558 F.2d 160, 169-70

(3d Cir. 1977). “When an employee is discharged for joining a union, the employer has

violated the Act unless it can demonstrate that the employee would have been discharged

regardless of his or her union membership.” Omnitest Inspection Servs., 937 F.2d at 122.

      Substantial evidence supports the Board’s determination that Regency Grande


2
  Regency Grande’s Section 8(a)(3) violation constitutes a derivative violation of Section
8(a)(1) as well. See Metropolitan Edison Co. v. N.L.R.B., 460 U.S. 693, 698 n.4 (1983).
                                             7
terminated Basualto because of her support for Local 1199. Testimony at the hearing

revealed that, when Basualto arrived to vote on election day, Regency Grande’s owner,

David Gross, asked her if she knew anything about an anti-Local 1199 flyer that had been

posted in the dining room. Basualto said that she knew about the flyer but had not posted

it. Gross then accused her of being the one who posted the flyer, stated that he did not

want her at the facility, and fired her. As the Board explained, however, there was no

reasonable basis for Gross to believe that Basualto had posted the flyer; to the contrary,

the evidence indicated that: (a) Regency Grande’s administration knew that Basualto had

been supporting Local 1199 for many months; and (b) the facility’s administrator, Joseph

Olszewski, had specifically told Gross in the days leading up to the election that two

other employees (Kathy Rohde and Michelle Meikle) had posted the flyer. Although

Regency Grande urges this Court to credit Gross’s testimony that he fired Basualto

because he believed that she posted the anti-Local 1199 flyer, we decline to substitute our

own credibility determinations for those of the agency. See Atl. Limousine v. N.L.R.B.,

243 F.3d 711, 718-19 (3d Cir. 2001).

       C.     The Board’s Broad Remedial Order

       Regency Grande next argues that the Board abused its discretion in issuing a broad

cease-and-desist order. In devising a remedy, the ALJ explained that “[b]ecause

[Regency Grande] has a proclivity for violating the Act, and because of the serious nature

of the violations, I find it necessary to issue a broad Order requiring [Regency Grande] to

cease and desist from infringing in any other manner on rights guaranteed employees by

Section 7 of the Act.” (A-452 (internal citations omitted).) The Board agreed, stating

                                             8
that a remedial order was warranted because Regency Grande “has engaged in persistent

attempts, by varying methods, to interfere with its employees’ protected rights.” (A-441,

n.10.) Regency Grande now argues that its conduct at the Dover facility does not support

the issuance of this type of broad order.

       We disagree. A broad order is appropriate “when a respondent is shown to have a

proclivity to violate the Act or has engaged in such egregious or widespread misconduct

as to demonstrate a general disregard for the employees’ fundamental statutory rights.”

Hickmott Foods, Inc., 242 N.L.R.B. 1357, 1357 (1979). As the Board noted, Regency

Grande was found to have committed two unfair labor practices in Regency Grande I.

Then, “[a]lmost immediately after the Third Circuit Court of Appeals enforced that Board

Order, [Regency Grande] renewed its unlawful conduct in support of Local 300S and

against Local 1199; only the means changed.” (A-441, n.10.) As discussed above,

Regency Grande proceeded to commit several additional unfair labor practices. We

agree with the Board that, by this course of unlawful conduct, Regency Grande “has

demonstrated both a general disregard for fundamental statutory rights, i.e., the right of

employees to select their own representatives, and the likelihood of future and varying

efforts to frustrate those rights.” (Id.) This attitude of opposition to the purposes of the

Act provides an appropriate basis for a broad remedial order. See Five Star Mfg., Inc.,

348 N.L.R.B. 1301, 1302 (2006) (stating that a broad cease-and-desist order is warranted

when “respondent’s specific unlawful conduct manifests an attitude of opposition to the

purposes of the Act to protect the rights of employees generally, providing an objective

basis for enjoining a reasonably anticipated future threat to any of those Section 7

                                              9
employee rights”) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Therefore, we will not

disturb the Board’s order. See Quick v. N.L.R.B., 245 F.3d 231, 254 (3d Cir. 2001)

(“The NLRB’s choice of a remedy must be given special respect by reviewing courts, and

must not be disturbed unless it can be shown that the order is a patent attempt to achieve

ends other than those which can fairly be said to effectuate the policies of the Act.”)

(internal quotation marks and citations omitted).

        D.    The Motion to Recuse Member Becker

        Finally, Regency Grande argues that the Board erred in denying its motion to

recuse Member Becker. Regency Grande claims that recusal was appropriate because,

prior to his appointment on the Board, Member Becker served as counsel to the SEIU. In

fact, according to Regency Grande, Member Becker was serving as general counsel to the

SEIU when an arbitration involving SEIU Local 1199 and Local 300S took place in

2003.

        We see no error in the Board’s decision denying Regency’s motion. In Service

Employees Local 121RN (Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center), 355 NLRB No. 40

(2010), 2010 WL 2311381 (June 8, 2010), Member Becker explained the standards to

apply in evaluating recusal requests. He first noted that, pursuant to the Standards of

Ethical Conduct for Employees of the Executive Branch set forth in Title 5 of the Code of

Federal Regulations, decision-makers may not sit on cases involving parties they

represented in the prior year. 2010 WL 2311381, at *8 (citing 5 C.F.R. § 2635.502(a),

(b)(iv)). In addition, based on the standards set forth in Executive Order 13490, “Ethics

Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel,” a member of the executive branch may

                                             10
not, for a period of two years from the date of his appointment, “participate in any

particular matter involving specific parties that directly and substantially related to [the

member’s] former employer or former clients, including regulations and contracts.” Id. at

*9 (citing Exec. Order No. 13490, 74 Fed. Reg. 4673 (Jan 21, 2009)).

         Applying those principles here, the Board concluded that there was no basis for

Member Becker’s recusal. The Board also noted that Member Becker “played no role in

and has no knowledge of” the 2003 proceeding, and that, although he did serve as

counsel to the SEIU in the past, he never served as its “general counsel.” (A-1.) Given

that Regency has not shown that Member Becker’s participation in this matter violated

the above-described standards, or that there was any other reason for him to excuse

himself from this case, we will not disturb the Board’s decision.

                                              IV.

         We have reviewed Regency Grande’s remaining arguments and conclude that they

are without merit. Therefore, for the reasons set forth above, we will enforce the Board’s

August 23, 2010 order.3




3
    The Board’s motion to strike portions of the joint appendix is denied as moot.
                                              11
