 Susan
 Williams       Cite as 2013 Ark. App. 518
 2019.01.
 02       ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
 15:36:57         DIVISIONS II & III
 -06'00'              No. CV-13-27


                                                 Opinion Delivered   September 18, 2013

ST. EDWARD MERCY MEDICAL
CENTER and SISTERS OF MERCY
HEALTH SYSTEM                                    APPEAL FROM THE ARKANSAS
                     APPELLANTS                  WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
                                                 COMMISSION
V.                                               [NO. F905402]

DEBORAH WARNOCK
                              APPELLEE
                                                 AFFIRMED


                            WAYMOND M. BROWN, Judge


        Appellants, St. Edward Mercy Medical Center and its insurance carrier, Sisters of

Mercy Health System, appeal the November 27, 2013 order of the Arkansas Workers’

Compensation Commission. The order included a finding that appellants willfully and

intentionally failed to pay appellee temporary- total disability (TTD) benefits from October

11, 2011, until a date to be determined. As a result, appellants were ordered to pay a thirty-

six percent penalty until the payments were made current. The Commission also found

appellants in contempt by refusing to approve appellee’s surgical intervention for a period of

forty days and fined appellants a total of $4,000. Appellants argue that the evidence was

insufficient to support the Commission’s findings. We affirm.

       This is the second time this case is before us. In our previous opinion we affirmed the

Commission’s December 15, 2010 decision that appellee was entitled to additional medical
                                    Cite as 2013 Ark. App. 518

treatment in the form of surgical intervention as recommended by Dr. Robert Bebout for her

compensable right shoulder injury and that appellee was also entitled to TTD benefits from

May 10, 2009, until a date to be determined.1 Our order affirming the Commission became

final on September 25, 2011.

        Appellants took a deposition of appellee on October 3, 2011. During the deposition,

appellee acknowledged that she had received unemployment benefits while off work due to

her compensable injury. She also acknowledged that she performs some light household

chores and does some driving. On October 11, 2011, appellants made a check payable to

appellee in the amount of $25,227.27. The check covered appellee’s TTD benefits from

May 10, 2009, to October 10, 2011. On October 21, 2011, Dr. Charles E. Pearce wrote a

letter to appellants.2 In the letter, Dr. Pearce opined that appellee had reached maximum

medical improvement (MMI) as of October 21, 2011, due to the fact that appellee had not

pursued the MR arthrogram as recommended. Appellants did not pay any more TTD

benefits to appellee after the October 11, 2011 check. Appellee subsequently filed a claim

concerning her TTD benefits. She also sought to have a thirty-six percent penalty assessed

against appellants and asked that appellants be fined up to $10,000 for defying the final order

of the Commission.

        The hearing took place on May 10, 2012. At the time of the hearing, appellee still had

not undergone surgery for her right shoulder. According to her testimony and the medical

        1
            St. Edward Mercy Med. Ctr. v. Warnock, 2011 Ark. App. 500.
        2
            Dr. Pearce performed an independent medical examination on appellee on June 8,
2010.

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evidence presented, appellants had not authorized the procedure.3 Appellants’ attorney stated

that appellants believed appellee had reached MMI as opined by Dr. Pearce because she had

not had surgery; however, he denied that appellants had ever controverted appellee’s surgery.

The Commission found in pertinent part:

       To base the termination of temporary total disability benefits on the fact that the
       claimant has not had surgical intervention as of October 21, 2011, is ludicrous. The
       claimant had asked for surgery on her right shoulder at the May 20, 2010 hearing in
       front of this Administrative Law Judge. That surgery was controverted by the
       respondents. The surgery was ordered and the respondents appealed that order up to
       the Court of Appeals. The order for the claimant to obtain surgery became final on
       September 25, 2011. Then 15 days later, the respondents terminated temporary total
       disability benefits “based on the lack of surgery at the time or based on a non-surgical
       evaluation.” This demonstrates willful and intentional failure to pay temporary total
       disability benefits to the claimant. I also note that the respondents actually cut off the
       claimant’s temporary total disability benefits on October 10, 2011, and that Dr.
       Pearce’s letter was dated October 21, 2011, some 11 days after the respondents
       terminated temporary total disability benefits.

       I also note that Dr. Pearce was not the claimant’s treating physician. She was seen by
       him at the request of the respondents. His only visit with the claimant was on June
       8, 2010. He did recommend an MR arthrogram at that time. I note that this visit was
       less than one month after the claimant’s May 20, 2010 hearing in this matter where the
       respondents were contesting medical treatment for the claimant’s right shoulder. It
       was not the claimant’s fault that the recommendations by Dr. Pearce were not
       followed. It was the respondents controversion of medical treatment to the claimant’s
       right shoulder that caused the claimant an inability to receive that recommended
       treatment. The respondents in this matter shall pay a 36% penalty on the temporary
       total disability benefits beginning on October 11, 2010, as found in Ark. Code Ann.
       11-9-802(e). The respondents shall pay the 36% penalty on all temporary total
       disability benefits from the October 11, 2011 until such time as those temporary total
       disability benefits are brought current. The claimant is and continues to be entitled to
       temporary total disability benefits. She will continue to be entitled to those benefits


       3
       The surgical procedure was subsequently authorized on May 15, 2012. Appellee was
seen by Dr. Bebout on December 7, 2011; however, he wished to have MRIs of appellee’s
neck and shoulder performed before any surgical intervention. Appellants did not authorize
the MRIs until February 8, 2012.

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       until the ordered surgical intervention is performed and the claimant has reached her
       MMI date, which is a date yet to be determined. Although the respondents shall only
       pay the 36% penalty on temporary total disability benefits until the date they are
       current.

       The Commission further found appellants in contempt of its prior order by failing to

approve appellee’s surgery until May 15, 2012. It stated:

       From the evidence presented both by the claimant and the respondents in this matter,
       it seems very clear to me that the respondents have disobeyed or resisted a lawful order
       of this Commission. The order from the opinion dated August 18, 2010, became final
       on September 25, 2011. That opinion and order were very clear that the claimant was
       entitled to surgical intervention on the right shoulder due to her compensable injury.
       The claimant did have a bout of claustrophobia that caused a delay in getting her MRI
       done. However, the document found at claimant’s Exhibit No. 4 page 1 is clear that
       on April 5, 2012 Dr. Evans scheduled surgery for the claimant on April 18th. That
       surgery which had been ordered was then not approved by the respondents as
       evidenced by the telephone contact document found at Claimant’s Exhibit No. 4 page
       2 and Claimant’s Exhibit No. 4 page 3. Additional proof is found at claimant’s exhibit
       No. 4 page 4 in the questions asked by Wanda Clark to Dr. Bebout and Dr. Evans
       about whether they believed within medical certainty that the surgical intervention
       anticipated by the claimant was caused by her accident of May 9, 2009. Clearly that
       issue had been determined by the Commission. The surgery was ordered and that
       Order became final yet the respondents continued to ask the treating physician
       whether or not that surgery is reasonable and necessary as it relates to her injury of
       May 9, 2009. The respondents also introduced the emails from Ms. Musgrave to
       Wanda Clark and from Wanda Clark to Ms. Musgrave after the hearing in this matter.
       I have allowed them to be in evidence over the objection of the claimant however, I
       believe that this email exchange clearly shows that the respondents had denied the
       surgery scheduled by Dr. Evans and that surgery was not approved by the respondents
       until Ms. Wanda Clark’s email to Sara Musgrave dated May 15, 2012, when she states:
       “Go ahead and schedule the surgery and let me know the date.”

       I do find the respondents are in contempt of a lawful Order of this Commission and
       that contempt began on April 5, 2012 when Ms. Clark was informed by Ms. Musgrave
       via facsimile transmission that the claimant had surgery scheduled for the 18th of April.
       The respondents did not approve that surgery although it had been ordered to be
       performed by the Commission until May 5, 2012. That is a period of 40 days. As the
       respondents is in contempt of this Commission’s lawful order, I find that they are to
       be fined $100.00 a day for the 40 day period in which they refused to approve the
       surgery for the claimant that was ordered by this Commission.

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This appeal followed.

       Appellants argue that the Commission’s decision was not supported by substantial

evidence. In reviewing a decision from the Arkansas Workers’ Compensation Commission,

we view the evidence and all reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to the

Commission’s findings.4 We affirm those findings if they are supported by substantial

evidence, which is relevant evidence that a reasonable person might accept as adequate to

support a conclusion.5 We will not reverse the decision of the Commission unless we are

convinced that fair-minded persons considering the same facts could not have reached the

same conclusions.6 The question is not whether the evidence would have supported findings

contrary to the ones made by the Commission; rather, it is whether there is substantial

evidence to support the Commission’s decision even though we might have reached a

different conclusion if we had been sitting as the trier of fact.7 It is the function of the

Commission, not this court, to determine the credibility of witnesses and the weight to be

given to the evidence.8 Because the Commission affirmed and adopted the ALJ’s opinion as




       4
           Sw. Energy Co. v. Ezell, 2011 Ark. App. 782.
       5
           Id.
       6
           Id.
       7
           Id.
       8
           Id.

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its own, we consider both the ALJ’s order and the Commission’s majority order in our

review.9

          For their first point, appellants argue that the evidence was insufficient for the

Commission to grant appellee TTD benefits from October 11, 2011, to a date to be

determined. More specifically, appellants argue that “there is no evidence that appellee is

incapable of earning wages.” Appellee’s entitlement to TTD benefits was decided in our

previous opinion. In that opinion, we found that appellee was entitled to additional medical

treatment including surgical intervention on her shoulder. Since appellee has not received the

additional medical treatments ordered, i.e. surgery, that decision became law of the case

here.10

          Next, appellants contend that they should not have been penalized thirty-six percent

on appellee’s TTD benefits because they had a good-faith basis for controverting appellee’s

entitlement to those benefits. The relevant statute provides that “[i]n the event that the

commission finds the failure to pay any benefit is willful and intentional, the penalty shall be




          9
              Smith v. Commercial Metals Co., 2011 Ark. App. 218, 382 S.W.3d 764.
          10
          The doctrine of law of the case prohibits a court from reconsidering issues of law and
fact that have already been decided on appeal. Cadillac Cowboy, Inc. v. Jackson, 347 Ark. 963,
69 S.W.3d 383 (2002). The law-of-the-case doctrine also prevents consideration of an
argument that could have been raised at the first appeal and is not made until a subsequent
appeal. First Commercial Bank v. Walker, 333 Ark. 100, 969 S.W.2d 146 (1998). The doctrine
serves to effectuate efficiency and finality in the judicial process, and its purpose is to maintain
consistency and avoid reconsideration of matters once decided during the course of a single,
continuing lawsuit. Jones v. Double “D” Props., Inc., 357 Ark. 148, 161 S.W.3d 839 (2004).


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up to thirty-six percent (36%), payable to the claimant.”11 Appellants decided to cut off

appellee’s TTD benefits on October 10, 2011, only fifteen days after this court affirmed the

award. They argued before the Commission that they were relying on Dr. Pearce’s opinion

that appellee had reached MMI October 21, 2011. The Commission considered this evidence

and rejected it. It is the Commission’s function to weigh the evidence, and we defer to it

on issues of credibility.12 Substantial evidence supports the Commission’s imposition of a

thirty-six percent penalty. Therefore, we affirm.

       Last, appellants argue that the Commission erred in finding appellants in contempt.

The standards of review for civil and criminal contempt are different. In reviewing a finding

of civil contempt, we decide whether the circuit court’s finding is clearly against the

preponderance of the evidence.13 In reviewing a finding of criminal contempt, however, we

determine whether the circuit court’s decision is supported by substantial evidence, viewing

the record in the light most favorable to the circuit court’s decision.14 Indeed, there are

significant differences in the nature of the two types of contempt.15 But the substantive rules

on contempt, whether civil or criminal, are the same.16 In order to be found in contempt,



       11
            Ark. Code Ann. § 11-9-802(e) (Repl. 2012).
       12
            Ezell, supra.
       13
            Bundy v. Moody, 2011 Ark. App. 200.
       14
            Id.
       15
            Id.
       16
            Id.

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the alleged contemptor must willfully disobey a valid court order.17 But before the alleged

contemptor can be held accountable for his disobedience, the order must have been “definite

in its terms, clear as to what duties it imposes, and express in its commands.”18 Here, the

Commission held appellants in contempt for failing to approve appellee’s surgery. The

relevant portion of the order in question directed appellants to “bear the burden of the cost

associated with the reasonable and necessary medical treatment recommended by Dr.

Bebout.” Although appellants were under a valid court order to bear the cost of appellee’s

shoulder surgery, they withheld approval of the surgery for over a month after appellee was

scheduled to undergo surgical intervention. They also questioned the reasonableness and

necessity of the surgery after the issue had already been litigated. The statute supports the

Commission’s finding of contempt. Therefore, we affirm.

       Affirmed.

       GLADWIN, C.J., and WALMSLEY, HARRISON, and GLOVER, JJ., agree.

       WOOD, J., dissents

       RHONDA K. WOOD, Judge, dissenting. One of the stipulated issues in this case was

whether Deborah Warnock was entitled to temporary total-disability (TTD) benefits from

October 11, 2011, to a date to be determined. Warnock offered no proof at the hearing that

she was incapable of earning wages, a requirement to receive TTD benefits. Therefore, I




       17
            Id.
       18
            Id.

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would reverse the Commission’s award of benefits and its imposition of a 36% penalty against

appellants.

       The prehearing order in this case read as follows: “By agreement of the parties the

issues to litigate are limited to the following: . . . [t]emporary total disability from October

2011, to a date to be determined.” The Commission adopted this stipulation as fact and ruled

that Warnock was entitled to TTD benefits. The majority affirms the Commission’s decision

because Warnock had not yet had the surgery we ordered in the previous appeal; moreover,

the majority holds, the previous decision is law of the case. But whether Warnock was

entitled to additional surgery and whether she was entitled to TTD benefits are two distinct

questions. Additionally, the law-of-the-case doctrine does not apply because the issues in this

appeal and the previous appeal are different; further, the issue was never raised below, so we

cannot address it now.

       Warnock had the burden of proof at the hearing, which she failed to meet. To receive

temporary total-disability benefits, a claimant has the burden of proof to demonstrate by a

preponderance of the evidence (1) that she was within a healing period and (2) that she was

totally incapacitated from earning wages. Hickman v. Kellogg, Brown & Root, 372 Ark. 501, 277

S.W.3d 591(2008). Yet in this case, Warnock did not present any medical evidence that she

was unable to work from October 2011 forward. Instead, she admitted to filing and receiving

unemployment benefits after informing the agency she was able and available for

employment.1 The ALJ’s order, adopted by the Commission, merely concluded that because

       1
        This is unlike the first appeal, where Warnock presented a doctor’s note that said she
could not lift over twenty pounds and could not return to work for three weeks. But that

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Warnock was within her healing period then she was entitled to TTD benefits. That decision

erred by implying that a claimant within the hearing period automatically receives TTD

benefits.2 That is not the law. Applying the proper legal test, I would find that Warnock failed

to meet her burden that she was incapable of earning wages from October 2011 to a date to

be determined and would hold that she is not entitled to benefits.

       Last, the law-of-the-case doctrine is inapplicable. The law-of-the-case doctrine

provides that on a second appeal the decision of the first appeal becomes the law of the case,

and is conclusive of every question of law or fact decided in the former appeal, and also of

those which might have been, but were not, presented. Clemmons v. Office of Child Support

Enforcement, 345 Ark. 330, 47 S.W.3d 227 (2001). The doctrine prevents an issue raised in a

prior appeal from being raised in a subsequent appeal. Id.

       The issue raised in the prior appeal was TTD benefits from May 2010 forward. Here,

the issue raised was TTD benefits from October 2011 forward, an issue that was not decided

in the former appeal. In fact, it is what the parties stipulated that the hearing was about. If the

issue of TTD benefits from October 2011 forward was precluded by the law-of-the-case

doctrine, then a hearing on that issue would have been irrelevant, and the ALJ would not

have accepted the stipulation that this issue was properly in front of the Commission for a

determination. Warnock could have simply asserted that our prior appeal required that her

TTD benefits continue indefinitely.

note was from June 2009, two years earlier than when this hearing took place in May 2012.
       2
         Surgery could be necessary even if the claimant cannot receive TTD benefits. See,
e.g., Stallworth v. Hayes Mech., Inc., 2013 Ark. App. 188 (affirming denial of TTD benefits,
but remanding for additional findings regarding medical treatment).

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       Additionally, Warnock did not object and argue that a new decision on TTD benefits

was precluded by the law of the case. And law of the case, like res judicata, is an affirmative

defense and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal. Clemmons, supra. “In order to

preserve an issue for appellate review in a workers’ compensation case, it is a party’s

responsibility to present the issue to the Commission and obtain a ruling.” St. Edward Mercy

Med. Ctr. v. Chrisman, 2012 Ark. App. 475, at 6, 422 S.W.3d 171, 175. Because Warnock

did not raise the law-of-the-case defense and obtain a ruling, we cannot affirm on that

basis. Anderson, Murphy & Hopkins, L.L.P., by: Randy P. Murphy and Kyle E. Burton, for

appellants.

       Walker, Shock & Harp, PLLC, by: Eddie H. Walker, Jr., for appellee.

.




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