            If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
                 revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.




                          STATE OF MICHIGAN

                           COURT OF APPEALS



PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,                                    UNPUBLISHED
                                                                    February 21, 2019
               Plaintiff-Appellee,

v                                                                   No. 340666
                                                                    Mecosta Circuit Court
ABDI SALIM ABDI,                                                    LC No. 17-008936-FH

               Defendant-Appellant.


Before: METER, P.J., and SAWYER and CAMERON, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

       Following a bench trial, defendant was convicted of second-degree home invasion, MCL
750.110a(3), and larceny of property worth $200 or more but less than $1,000, MCL
750.356(4)(a). Defendant was sentenced to 8 months and 15 days in jail for the larceny
conviction and two years’ probation for the home invasion conviction. He now appeals as of
right. We affirm.

        This case arises from the theft of a PlayStation 4 (PS4) gaming console, video games, and
PS4 controllers from the residence of James Frederick sometime between July 1 and July 3,
2016. It was apparent to both Frederick and the officers that the point of entry was a window in
the back of the house that was not properly closed. Officers found four recent sets of fingerprints
on the outside of the window, one set of which matched defendant’s fingerprints. Frederick and
the other residents of the house denied knowing defendant.

        Frederick’s PS4 was not discovered during a search of defendant’s residence, although
the residence did contain several other PS4 units. Defendant told an officer that he did not know
Frederick and he could not explain why his fingerprints would be on the window.1 Defendant
told police that he was in Bay City the weekend of July 1 through 3. Officers attempted to
contact the friend whom defendant stated he was with in Bay City, but the individual could not
be reached because the number defendant provided was busy or out of service. Subsequently, a
search warrant was executed for defendant’s phone records, which showed that defendant’s cell
phone “pinged”2 a cell tower near Frederick’s residence on July 2, 2016.

        At trial, Frederick and his three housemates denied knowing defendant and denied ever
giving defendant permission to enter their residence. Contrarily, defendant testified that he knew
Frederick and had been to his residence “more than ten times” to purchase marijuana from him.
Defendant testified that when he had previously gone to the residence, he would knock on the
window where his fingerprints were found and someone would open the door. If no one
answered the door, he would cup his hands against the window and “peek to see if [Frederick]’s
there.” Regarding his statement to police that he had been in Bay City, defendant testified, “I
believe I was in Bay City this week . . . and I was in Bay City. But, I didn’t know . . . I didn’t
tell him exact dates.”

        Following his conviction, defendant filed a motion in the trial court for an evidentiary
hearing and/or a new trial based on ineffective assistance of counsel. Defendant asserted that his
defense counsel was ineffective in failing to call witnesses on his behalf, particularly named
witnesses that defendant claimed “would have provided the jury with information that the victim
in the case was not being truthful” about whether he knew defendant. After a hearing, the trial
court denied the motion.

       Defendant now argues that the trial court abused its discretion in denying his motion for
an evidentiary hearing in connection with his ineffective assistance of counsel claim. We
disagree.

        A trial court’s decision to deny a motion for an evidentiary hearing is reviewed for an
abuse of discretion. People v Unger, 278 Mich App 210, 216-217; 749 NW2d 272 (2008). An
abuse of discretion exists if the results are outside the range of reasonable and principled
outcomes. People v Feezel, 486 Mich 184, 192; 783 NW2d 67 (2010). A trial court should grant
a defendant’s request for an evidentiary hearing if the defendant establishes that his ineffective
assistance claim depends on facts not in the record. See People v Ginther, 390 Mich 436, 443,
445; 22 NW2d 436 (1973). However, a defendant is not entitled to a Ginther hearing if he or she
fails to “demonstrate[] any issue for which further factual development would advance his [or
her] claim.” People v Chapo, 283 Mich App 360, 368-369; 770 NW2d 68 (2009); see also


1
 At trial, defendant admitted that he lied to the police about not knowing why his fingerprints
could have been on the window because he was scared that the investigation was in relation to
defendant’s purchasing drugs at the residence.
2
 Cell phones “ping” the nearest cell tower when being used, which allow police to accurately
detect location and movement of cell phones.




                                               -2-
People v Hoag, 460 Mich 1, 6; 594 NW2d 57 (1999) (noting that “[the] defendant has the burden
of establishing the factual predicate for his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel”).

       In his motion for an evidentiary hearing, defendant claimed that

       he provided to his counsel names of witnesses to assist in his defense. These
       witnesses, [defendant] avers, would have seriously undercut the veracity of the
       complainant’s testimony as he would have been impeached. . . . The victim in the
       case claimed he did not know [defendant] and there would be no reason why his
       fingerprints would be on the window. The witnesses for [defendant] would have
       verified that the victim did, in fact, know [defendant] and was simply lying.

        Attached to the motion was an affidavit signed by defendant that listed six witnesses.
Next to the witnesses’ names, defendant briefly explained his connection to each witness and
that he believed each witness would testify that defendant and the victim had a prior relationship.
However, no affidavits from the witnesses were included. The trial court, which sat as the trier
of fact during the trial, denied the evidentiary hearing on the ground that evidence of the alleged
prior relationship would not have been of any benefit or resulted in a different outcome because
the convictions were primarily dependent on the fingerprint and cellphone evidence. Under
these circumstances, because defendant failed to establish the factual predicate underlying his
request for an evidentiary hearing, the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it denied
defendant’s motion. See Hoag, 460 Mich at 6.

        Moreover, notwithstanding the trial court’s denial of defendant’s motion for an
evidentiary hearing, his ineffective assistance of counsel claim lacks merit. This Court’s
consideration of defendant’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim is limited to errors apparent
on the record, as no Ginther hearing was held. People v Williams, 223 Mich App 409, 414; 566
NW2d 649 (1997).

        In claiming that he was deprived of the effective assistance of counsel, defendant is
burdened in showing (1) that his defense counsel’s “performance was deficient” and (2) that “the
deficient performance prejudiced the defense.” Strickland v Washington, 466 US 668, 687; 104
S Ct 2052; 80 L Ed 2d 674 (1984). Defendant’s argument fails on both prongs.

         Defense counsel’s decision to call witnesses is considered trial strategy. People v Daniel,
207 Mich App 47, 58; 523 NW2d 830 (1994). “We will not second-guess counsel on matters of
trial strategy, nor we will [sic] assess counsel’s competence with the benefit of hindsight.”
People v Horn, 279 Mich App 31, 39; 755 NW2d 212 (2008). As defendant has made no
showing that defense counsel’s decision to not call the witnesses listed in defendant’s affidavit
was unsound trial strategy, defendant has failed to show that counsel’s performance was
deficient.

        Further, “[i]n order to overcome the presumption of sound trial strategy, the defendant
must show that his counsel’s failure to call these witnesses deprived him of a substantial
defense.” Daniel, 207 Mich App at 58. “A substantial defense is one that might have made a
difference in the outcome of the trial.” People v Kelly, 186 Mich App 524, 526; 465 NW2d 569



                                                -3-
(1990). Defendant was not denied a substantial defense by defense counsel’s failure to call the
witnesses. Defendant contends that the witnesses would have testified that defendant and the
victim had a prior relationship. However, the trial court articulated at the hearing on the motion
that this alleged prior relationship did not negate the evidence supporting defendant’s
convictions. Therefore, defendant failed to demonstrate that he was prejudiced by defense
counsel’s performance.

       Affirmed.



                                                            /s/ Patrick M. Meter
                                                            /s/ David H. Sawyer
                                                            /s/ Thomas C. Cameron




                                               -4-
