                                                                          F I L E D
                                                                   United States Court of Appeals
                                                                           Tenth Circuit
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                          DEC 12 2003
                                 TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                        PATRICK FISHER
                                                                               Clerk

 PATRICK DEAN COANDO,

               Plaintiff-Appellant,                     No. 03-4167
          v.                                    (D.C. No. 2:03-CV-209-TC)
 WESTPORT RESOURCES,                                        (D. Utah)

               Defendant-Appellee.


                           ORDER AND JUDGMENT           *




Before EBEL , HENRY , and HARTZ , Circuit Judges.



      Plaintiff Patrick Dean Coando, appearing pro se, appeals the district court’s

June 27, 2003, dismissal of his complaint because of his failure to comply with a

court order prohibiting him from filing suit without prior court permission.

Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm.



      *
       After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is
not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata,
and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and
judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and
conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
      Plaintiff filed suit against Westport Resources Corporation (Defendant) on

February 27, 2003. He is a member of the Eastern Shoshone Tribe and resides on

the Wind River Reservation in Fort Washakie, Wyoming. The gist of the

complaint is that Defendant improperly refused to employ him to perform various

services involving oil and gas tubing and casing on the Uintah Valley

Reservation. Rather than filing an answer, Defendant moved for dismissal or

summary judgment under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 12 and 56, contending

that Plaintiff had violated a ten-year-old court order (the 1993 Order) by filing

suit without first obtaining leave of court, and that Plaintiff had failed to serve

Defendant properly. The district court granted Defendant’s motion and dismissed

the complaint “[f]or the reasons set forth at the conclusion of the June 27, 2003

hearing, and in view of [the 1993 Order].” Aplee. Br. Exh. A.

      The 1993 Order had been entered on February 23, 1993, by the

United States District Court for the District of Utah in Coando v. Ute Indian

Tribe, 91-CV-1216B (D. Utah 1993). In that case Plaintiff alleged improper

denial of membership in the Uintah Indian Tribe and resulting denial of revenue

from, and access to, tribal property. The magistrate judge to whom the case was

referred noted that Plaintiff’s suit raised claims identical to ones previously

considered and dismissed by the court, and thus was frivolous. The magistrate

judge also noted that of Plaintiff’s four other actions filed in that federal court,


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two had been dismissed as meritless under then 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d) (redesignated

§ 1915(e) in 1996), and two had been dismissed for failure to exhaust state or

procedural remedies. The district court adopted the magistrate judge’s Report and

Recommendation over Plaintiff’s objection and ordered that “plaintiff, except by

leave of court, be barred from the following[:] 1. Proceeding in forma pauperis;

2. Filing any complaints in future actions.” Aplee. Br. Exh. B. The court further

ordered:

             In the event that leave is granted, plaintiff must abide by the
       following special conditions;

             a.     Plaintiff must carry a stronger burden of proof that he is
                    economically unable to pay filing fees;

             b.    Plaintiff must demonstrate to the court that his action is
                   commenced in good faith and not malicious or without arguable
                   merit;

             c.    Plaintiff must certify his pleadings as required by Rule 11, of
                   the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure;

             d.    Plaintiff must include in every complaint filed, a list of every
                   previous action filed;

             e.    Plaintiff must send all pleadings to the defendants and provide
                   the court with proof of service.

Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).

      Undeterred by the 1993 Order, Plaintiff has subsequently filed at least two

lawsuits in the District of Utah without obtaining leave of court. The first was a

1999 suit against Coastal Oil and Gas Corporation, which the district court

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dismissed under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) for failure to state a

claim upon which relief can be granted. The second is the case currently before

us.

      Plaintiff’s brief on appeal enumerates eight issues, but we can consolidate

them to four. First, Plaintiff contends that Defendant violated his constitutional

rights to due process, equal protection, and a jury trial by not filing an answer to

his complaint. This argument is meritless. Defendant permissibly responded to

the complaint with a motion to dismiss for insufficiency of service of process and

a motion for summary judgment, rather than filing an answer. See Fed. R. Civ. P.

12(b) & 56(b). Plaintiff makes no comprehensible constitutional argument, nor do

we perceive any potential violation of the Constitution.

      Second, Plaintiff challenges the 1993 Order on the ground that it was ex

parte and he was denied due process, equal protection, and his right to a jury trial.

He contends that the 1993 Order was entered ex parte because the defendant in the

case in which the order was entered was not served and did not participate in the

proceedings. But even assuming these allegations to be true, Plaintiff still is not

entitled to any relief. The district court entered the 1993 Order after Plaintiff filed

a complaint containing claims previously considered and dismissed as frivolous by

that court. The absence of the defendant from the proceedings hardly prejudiced




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the rights of Plaintiff. In particular, Plaintiff was able to object to the magistrate

judge’s Report and Recommendation, which was the basis of the 1993 Order.

       As for his constitutional claims regarding the 1993 Order, Plaintiff fails to

explain what the violation is. We note that this court regularly upholds—and

enters—orders imposing filing restrictions on plaintiffs with a demonstrated

history of filing frivolous lawsuits. See, e.g., Winslow v. Hunter (In re Winslow),

17 F.3d 314, 315-16 (10th Cir. 1994). Furthermore, the conditions Plaintiff must

follow when he is granted leave to file a complaint either are common to all

litigants, such as the requirements that he certify his pleadings under Rule 11 and

properly serve all defendants, or enable the court to ascertain whether he is filing a

duplicative—and therefore frivolous—complaint. We also note that Plaintiff did

not appeal the 1993 Order, so grounds for collateral attack are greatly limited.

See, e.g., Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(5) (court can set aside an injunction if no longer

equitable); cf. United States v. United Mine Workers, 330 U.S. 258, 293 (1947)

(“[A]n order issued by a court with jurisdiction . . . must be obeyed by the parties

until it is reversed . . . .”).

       Third, Plaintiff argues that the district court improperly relied on the

allegedly unconstitutional 1993 Order in dismissing his complaint, thus violating

his constitutional rights to due process, equal protection, a jury trial, and access to

courts. But Plaintiff bases this argument on his previously discussed contention


                                           -5-
that the 1993 Order was unconstitutional because it was entered without the

participation of the defendant in that case. Having ruled that the district court did

not violate Plaintiff’s rights to due process, equal protection, and a jury trial when

it entered the 1993 Order, we conclude that it likewise did not violate these rights

by relying on the 1993 Order to dismiss his complaint in this case.

      Nor did the district court’s dismissal of Plaintiff’s complaint for failure to

comply with the 1993 Order deny Plaintiff meaningful access to federal court. We

have previously held that plaintiffs have “no absolute, unconditional right of

access to the courts and no constitutional right of access to prosecute frivolous or

malicious actions.” Werner v. Utah, 32 F.3d 1446, 1447 (10th Cir. 1994). In

Werner we stated that “[a] court may impose restrictions commensurate with its

inherent power to enter orders necessary and appropriate in aid of jurisdiction,” id.

(internal quotation marks omitted), and that we will approve “restrictions placed

on litigants with a documented lengthy history of vexatious, abusive actions, so

long as the court publishes guidelines about what the plaintiff must do to obtain

court permission to file an action, and the plaintiff is given notice and an

opportunity to respond to the restrictive order,” id. at 1448. Plaintiff fails to show

how the 1993 Order exceeds judicial power.

      Finally, Plaintiff alleges that the district court demonstrated bias against him

in dismissing his complaint. As evidence of this bias, Plaintiff claims that the


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district court “did profile the plaintiff and did arrange and order, at least fifteen

[United States] marshals, to be present and enter [the United States] courtroom,

wherein, plaintiff was scheduled [to] appear for hearing, and seat themselves and

stand around plaintiff, to act as guards to monitor the Judge’s control over plaintiff

. . . .” Aplt. Br. at 13. Plaintiff also argues that the district court displayed bias

against him when it “did notify/inform [him] orally, that the . . . marshals [were]

there by her orders to take [him] into custody if [he] conducted himself in [a]

manner that was not acceptable” to the district court. Aplt. Br. at 13.

      This argument is also without merit. The United States Supreme Court has

held that “judicial rulings alone almost never constitute a valid basis for a bias or

partiality motion.” Liteky v. United States, 510 U.S. 540, 555 (1994).

Furthermore, “[a] judge’s ordinary efforts at courtroom administration—even a

stern and short-tempered judge’s ordinary efforts at courtroom

administration—remain immune” from charges of bias. Id. at 556. Plaintiff points

to no evidence that the district court judge displayed bias against him in taking

steps to preserve courtroom decorum.

      AFFIRMED.

                                         ENTERED FOR THE COURT


                                         Harris L Hartz
                                         Circuit Judge


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