                                                                   NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 ___________

                                       No. 15-3336
                                       ___________

                                 GREGORY K. WELSH,

                                                       Appellant

                                             v.

                        COMMISSIONER SOCIAL SECURITY
                       ____________________________________

                     On Appeal from the United States District Court
                         for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
                         (D.C. Civil Action No. 2:14-cv-01731)
                        District Judge: Honorable Jan E. DuBois
                      ____________________________________

                       Submitted under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                               on Tuesday, June 7, 2016

            Before: CHAGARES, KRAUSE, and SCIRICA, Circuit Judges

                             (Opinion filed: October 4, 2016)



                                        OPINION*



KRAUSE, Circuit Judge.



       *
        This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7
does not constitute binding precedent.
       Before this Court is Gregory Welsh’s appeal of the Order of the District Court,

affirming the final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security that denied him

Disability Insurance Benefits under Title II of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 401-

433. That decision also denied him Supplemental Security Income under Title XVI of

the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1381-1383f, for the period prior to December 12,

2012. For the reasons set forth below, we will affirm.

       I. Background

       Welsh has not worked full-time since the summer of 1998, when he injured his

right foot while working for Amtrak. The details of his symptoms and medical treatment

are laid out in the Administrative Law Judge’s (“ALJ”) opinion dated July 18, 2013. In

November 2012, Welsh filed applications for Disability Insurance Benefits and

Supplemental Security Income under the Social Security Act, alleging a disability onset

date of June 30, 2008. Applying our five-step test pursuant to Plummer v. Apfel, 186

F.3d 422, 428 (3d Cir. 1999), the ALJ concluded Welsh did not become disabled until

December 12, 2012, more than four years after his eligibility for disability benefits

expired.1 Accordingly, his application for Disability Insurance Benefits was denied, and

his application for Supplemental Security Income was remanded to the Social Security

Administration for an assessment of whether Welsh satisfied the requisite non-disability

requirements for the period beginning on December 12, 2012.



       1
        To be eligible for Disability Insurance Benefits, Welsh had to show he became
disabled prior to September 30, 2008, the date his insured status expired.
                                             2
       Welsh requested review of the ALJ’s decision by the Appeals Council, which

denied that request on February 3, 2014, and Welsh then filed a civil action in the District

Court, which affirmed the Commissioner’s disability determination. We are now called

upon to review that affirmance by the District Court.

       II. Discussion2

       On appeal, Welsh contends the ALJ erred in determining that his disability onset

date was December 12, 2012. Our review of the District Court’s application of legal

principles is plenary, Krysztoforski v. Chater, 55 F.3d 857, 858 (3d Cir. 1995), and we

apply the same standard of review as the District Court, to determine whether the

Commissioner’s final decision is supported by substantial evidence, see 42 U.S.C.

§ 405(g); Hagans v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 694 F.3d 287, 292 (3d Cir. 2012). Substantial

evidence “is more than a mere scintilla. It means such relevant evidence as a reasonable

mind might accept as adequate.” Diaz v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 577 F.3d 500, 503 (3d Cir.

2009) (quoting Plummer, 186 F.3d at 427). “Where the ALJ’s findings of fact are

supported by substantial evidence, we are bound by those findings, even if we would

have decided the factual inquiry differently.” Hagans, 694 F.3d at 292 (quoting Fargnoli

v. Massanari, 247 F.3d 34, 38 (3d Cir. 2001)).

       In support of his contention that the ALJ should have found an earlier onset date,

Welsh advances four arguments. First, Welsh argues remand is required because the

ALJ, in violation of Social Security Ruling 83-20, “‘ignored’ nearly all of the [medical]

       2
         The District Court had jurisdiction pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), and we have
jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

                                             3
evidence and required considerations” in determining the date on which Welsh’s ailments

rendered him disabled.3 Appellant’s Br. 26 (emphasis omitted). Under Social Security

Ruling 83-20, medical evidence serves as the principal element in determining onset for

disabilities of nontraumatic origin. SSR 83-20, 1983 WL 31249, at *2. When the

disability is one of nontraumatic origin, as is the case here, the ALJ must consider the

applicant’s alleged onset date; his or her work history; medical reports describing the

applicant’s examinations or treatment; and, in cases lacking sufficient medical evidence

of onset, other evidence about the severity of the applicant’s impairments over time. Id.

at *2-4; see Fargnoli, 247 F.3d at 41.

       Here, the ALJ did, in fact, consider Welsh’s work history and the medical

evidence in its entirety, and she concluded that they were inconsistent with his alleged

onset date of June 30, 2008. During a hearing, the ALJ observed that Welsh received no

medical treatment from 2006 through 2011, notwithstanding his receipt of a $70,000

settlement from Amtrak in 2002; and that treatment notes written by his treating

physician in November of 2012 indicated that the reason Welsh stopped working part-

time in 2010 was because he was taking care of his children, not because his medical


       3
         An individual is disabled and eligible for Disability Insurance Benefits under the
Social Security Act if, “by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental
impairment . . . which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not
less than 12 months,” he or she is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity. 42
U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A); see Fargnoli, 247 F.3d at 38-39; 20 C.F.R. § 404.1505(a). An
individual is disabled and eligible for Supplemental Security Income under the Social
Security Act if he or she cannot perform his or her previous work “but cannot,
considering his [or her] age, education, and work experience, engage in any other kind of
substantial gainful work which exists in the national economy.” Id. § 1382c(a)(3)(B).

                                             4
condition rendered him incapable of employment. And the ALJ observed in her opinion

that, prior to December 12, 2012, Welsh’s medical records show minimal treatment with

limited objective findings and with mental health treatment only as of September 2012.

The ALJ thus satisfied her obligation to review all pertinent medical evidence and work

history in determining Welsh’s disability onset date.

       Second, Welsh argues that the ALJ erred in failing to consult a medical advisor to

establish an onset date. Social Security Ruling 83-20 provides that an ALJ should enlist a

medical advisor when onset must be inferred, or, in other words, when the medical

evidence concerning the date on which the claimant became disabled is ambiguous. SSR

83-20, 1983 WL 31249, at *2-3. In Welsh’s case, however, there was no such ambiguity.

On the contrary, in selecting the onset date of December 12, 2012, the ALJ properly gave

controlling weight to the evaluation of Welsh’s treating physician on that date, took

account of Welsh’s minimal treatment record prior to December 12, 2012, and attached

appropriate significance to Welsh’s relatively active lifestyle (which included evidence of

some construction work, driving, caring for his children, attending church, cooking, and

doing laundry) before December 12, 2012. According to Social Security Ruling 96-2p,

“[i]f a treating source’s medical opinion is well-supported and not inconsistent with the

other substantial evidence in the case record, it must be given controlling weight; i.e., it

must be adopted.” SSR 96-2p, 61 Fed. Reg. 34,490, 34,490 (July 2, 1996). That

standard was satisfied here, and the ALJ thus did not err in failing to consult a medical

advisor.



                                              5
       In support of his position that a medical advisor was required, Welsh cites two

cases, both of which are distinguishable. In Walton v. Halter, determining an onset date

was particularly difficult because the physician who treated the claimant around the time

of his alleged onset date was no longer in practice when the disability hearing was held

nearly thirty years later, nor had he retained his treatment records. 243 F.3d 703, 705-06

(3d Cir. 2001). This Court thus reversed the judgment of the District Court affirming the

Commissioner’s denial of benefits because we concluded that, in the absence of treatment

records, the ALJ should have consulted a medical advisor to determine the onset date,

rather than relying on his own lay analysis. Id. at 709. In Welsh’s case, in contrast, there

is no dearth of medical evidence as a result of a 28-year gap between the alleged onset

date and the ALJ’s determination; treatment records are available and they support the

ALJ’s finding as to the onset date.

       In Newell v. Commissioner of Social Security, the other case cited by Welsh, the

medical evidence was deemed ambiguous because the record showed that the claimant,

who did not seek treatment for an injury until nine months after her eligibility for benefits

expired, earned very little income during the germane period and was uninsured, thereby

supporting her claim that she could not afford treatment. 347 F.3d 541, 543, 547 (3d Cir.

2003). Moreover, the severity of her injury rendered her completely unable to work,

even on a part-time basis. See id. at 543. Welsh, in contrast, received a $70,000

settlement from Amtrak in 2002; earned $23,000 in other income in 2006; and, according

to medical records, engaged in some construction work in 2011. And even though Welsh

did not have medical insurance in October 2011, his extensive treatment history weakens

                                             6
any contention that he could not afford to pay for a medical examination establishing his

disability. Unlike the claimant in Newell, Welsh’s lack of a medical examination

establishing his disability prior to the expiration of his eligibility for benefits cannot be

explained by inability to pay, and the severity of his symptoms is undermined by

evidence of his employment in construction. Here, there simply is no ambiguity in the

record that would require the use of a medical advisor.

       Welsh’s third argument – that the ALJ’s onset date is not supported by substantial

evidence – also fails. In pointing to evidence of foot and ankle pain in April 1999, Welsh

confuses the onset of symptoms with the onset of disability. Welsh’s minimal treatment

prior to December 2012 and his denial of joint pain, joint swelling, back pain, muscle

weakness, muscle aches, and loss of strength at his November 21, 2012 examination

suggest no functional limitations severe enough to preclude him from substantial gainful

employment at the time his eligibility for Disability Insurance Benefits expired in 2008.

Indeed, doctors noted Welsh’s possible continued employment in both April and October

2011, and in January 2013, a physician opined a “light duty job” was not out of the

question. Given this record, the ALJ’s onset date is supported by substantial evidence.

       Finally, Welsh argues it was reversible error for the ALJ to accept, without further

probing, the vocational expert’s testimony regarding the nature and availability of certain

sedentary, unskilled jobs Welsh could have worked prior to December 2012. The record

reflects, however, that Welsh had the opportunity to challenge the vocational expert’s

methodology and status as an expert, or to offer conflicting testimony regarding specific

job numbers available in the region. He simply failed to do so.

                                               7
       To the extent Welsh takes issue with the ALJ’s refusal to allow his counsel to

question the vocational expert specifically about how she used her personal work

experience to determine the number of available jobs in the area, we also find this

argument unavailing. In support of his argument, Welsh directs us to Donahue v.

Barnhart, a case in which the Seventh Circuit held that if the basis for a vocational

expert’s conclusions is questioned, “the ALJ should make an inquiry (similar though not

necessarily identical to that of [Federal Rule of Evidence] 702) to find out whether the

purported expert’s conclusions are reliable.”4 279 F.3d 441, 446 (7th Cir. 2002). The

Seventh Circuit’s requirement, however, “has not been a popular export.” Brault v. Soc.

Sec. Admin., Comm’r, 683 F.3d 443, 449 (2d Cir. 2012) (citing several unpublished

district court decisions disagreeing with Donahue). We have not adopted it, nor has any

court outside the Seventh Circuit. See id. And with good reason, as the governing statute

provides by its terms that “[e]vidence may be received at any hearing before the

Commissioner of Social Security even though inadmissible under rules of evidence

applicable to court procedure.” 42 U.S.C. § 405(b)(1); see also Bayliss v. Barnhart, 427

       4
           Rule 702 states:

       A witness who is qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience,
       training, or education may testify in the form of an opinion or otherwise if:
           (a) the expert’s scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will
       help the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in
       issue;
           (b) the testimony is based on sufficient facts or data;
           (c) the testimony is the product of reliable principles and methods; and
           (d) the expert has reliably applied the principles and methods to the
       facts of the case.

Fed. R. Evid. 702.
                                              8
F.3d 1211, 1218 (9th Cir. 2005) (“A [vocational expert’s] recognized expertise provides

the necessary foundation for his or her testimony. Thus, no additional foundation is

required.”). Accordingly, we reject Welsh’s argument and conclude the ALJ did not err

in accepting, without further probing, the vocational expert’s testimony.5

       IV. Conclusion

       For the foregoing reasons, we conclude the District Court did not err in affirming

the Commissioner’s denial of Welsh’s Disability Insurance Benefits claim and his

Supplemental Security Income claim for the period before December 12, 2012, and we

will affirm the judgment of the District Court.




       5
        To the extent Welsh argues that the ALJ deprived him of procedural due process
because she cut short his attorney’s cross examination of the vocational expert, this
argument is forfeited because Welsh failed to raise it in the District Court. See Brenner v.
Local 514, United Bhd. of Carpenters & Joiners of Am., 927 F.2d 1283, 1298 (3d Cir.
1999).
                                             9
