FOR PUBLICATION



ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:

MATTHEW S. WILLIAMS                     MARK C. CHAMBERS
Fort Wayne, Indiana                     Haller & Colvin, P.C.
                                        Fort Wayne, Indiana


                                                              Apr 23 2014, 10:12 am



                        IN THE
              COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

IN RE THE MARRIAGE OF:               )
JOSE DE JESUS CARRILLO PEREZ and     )
MARIA GUADALUPE CARRILLO PEREZ,      )
                                     )
MARIA GUADALUPE VIDRIOS ZEPEDA f/k/a )
MARIA GUADALUPE CARRILLO PEREZ,      )
                                     )
      Appellant-Respondent,          )
                                     )
             vs.                     )         No. 02A05-1305-DR-256
                                     )
JOSE DE JESUS CARRILLO PEREZ,        )
                                     )
      Appellee-Petitioner.           )


               APPEAL FROM THE ALLEN SUPERIOR COURT
                    The Honorable Charles F. Pratt, Judge
                      Cause No. 02D07-1103-DR-183


                              April 23, 2014

                      OPINION - FOR PUBLICATION
MAY, Judge
       Maria Guadalupe Vidrios Zepeda appeals the division of the marital estate in her

dissolution proceeding. She alleges the trial court abused its discretion when it awarded her

only 2.5% of her ex-husband’s lottery winnings. We affirm.

                        FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

       Maria married Jose De Jesus Carrillo Perez on February 7, 2002, and they lived

together until their physical separation in March 2006. The couple never again lived together

after the physical separation, but they did not file for legal separation or dissolution. During

the next six years, the couple spoke only two or three times, never comingled assets, had

separate bank accounts, and generally lived as single individuals. In January 2011, Jose

purchased a Hoosier Lottery scratch off ticket and won two million dollars. Jose filed for

dissolution of the couple’s marriage in March 2011.

       On October 21, 2011, Maria served Requests for Admission pursuant to Indiana Trial

Rule 36 on Jose. Jose did not answer any of those requests within the thirty days required by

Rule 36. The trial court issued its Decree of Dissolution of Marriage on June 19, 2012. It

ordered Jose to pay Maria $10,000.00 each year for five years from his annual lottery

distributions, for a total payment of $50,000.00. Jose was further ordered to pay $2,852.00

toward Maria’s attorney fees and $2,484.39 of her debts.

                             DISCUSSION AND DECISION

       The division of marital assets is within the trial court’s discretion, and we will reverse

only for an abuse of discretion. McCord v. McCord, 852 N.E.2d 35, 43 (Ind. Ct. App.

2006),trans. denied. A party challenging the division of marital property must overcome a


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strong presumption that the trial court considered and complied with the applicable statute.

Id. at 44. We consider only the evidence most favorable to the trial court’s disposition of the

marital property, and we may not reweigh the evidence or assess the credibility of the

witnesses. Id.

       A number of Maria’s arguments relate to the impact of Jose’s failure to respond to her

Request for Admissions. The failure to respond in a timely manner to a request for

admissions causes those matters to be admitted and conclusively established by operation of

law. Corby v. Swank, 670 N.E.2d 1322, 1324 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996). Maria first notes the trial

court’s dissolution decree did not explicitly mention several admissions. However, we will

not infer from the absence of an explicit reference to an admission that the court did not

consider that admission. See Eye v. Eye, 849 N.E.2d 698, 703 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006) (holding

trial court’s failure to mention certain evidence in its written findings does not mean that it

did not consider it).

       In fact, the trial court did acknowledge that: the lottery winnings are a marital asset,

as established in the first request for admission; the relative incomes of the parties, as

addressed in admission six; and that Maria had not received any of the lottery winnings, as

established in admission nine. The trial court also considered each factor rebutting an equal

division of marital assets, listing several facts that supported its conclusion. The trial court

found that the extended physical separation, during which time no funds were ever

comingled and each person lived as an individual, justified limiting Maria’s equitable interest

in the lottery winnings. This determination was squarely within the discretion of the trial


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court. See Castaneda v. Castaneda, 615 N.E.2d 467, 469 (Ind. Ct. App. 1993) (upholding

award of inheritance solely to wife, even though it was included in the marital pot). Maria

has not overcome the strong presumption that the trial court considered and complied with

the applicable statute.

        Maria argues Jose’s second admission, that a distribution to Maria of 70% of the

lottery winnings “is a fair and equitable distribution,” conclusively establishes the marital

estate must be so divided. It does not. Requests for admission can establish legal

conclusions. General Motors Corp., Chevrolet Motors Div. v. Aetna Cas. &Sur. Co., 573

N.E.2d 885, 888 (Ind. 1991). Jose admitted “a 70/30 distribution of the lottery winnings and

other marital assets in this case, in which 70% goes to your wife, is a fair and equitable

distribution of assets in this divorce case.” (App. to Appellee’s Br. at 26) (emphasis added).

That conclusively established a 70/30 split was a fair and equitable division, but it did not

establish such was the only fair and equitable division. The court had an obligation to

determine what split would be “just and reasonable.”1 Ind. Code § 31-15-7-5. The trial court

had broad discretion in making this determination. Wortkoetter v. Wortkoetter, 971 N.E. 2d

685, 689 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012). Jose’s admission established only a fair and equitable

division, and it remained within the trial court’s discretion to determine whether some other

division could be just and reasonable. Discretion signifies choice, and a decision-maker

exercising discretion has the ability to choose from a range of permissible conclusions.




1
 Jose’s admission addresses a “fair and equitable” division of marital property, (App. to Appellee’s Br. at 26),
while the statute requires a “just and reasonable” division. Ind. Code § 31-15-7-5. Because the language of

                                                       4
Johnson v. U. S., 398 A.2d 354, 361 (D.C. 1979). The decision-making activity is not

ministerial and the various elements of the problem do not preordain a single permissible

conclusion. Id. The decision-maker can rely largely upon his own judgment in choosing

among the alternatives. Id. Although the act of choosing will be guided by various legal and

other considerations, the decision-maker, and not the law, decides. Id. In this sense, the core

of “discretion” as a jurisprudential concept is the absence of a hard and fast rule that fixes the

results produced under varying sets of facts. Id. Here, the broad discretion of the trial court

must include the ability to consider a range of just and reasonable divisions even though a

request for admission establishes one division is fair and equitable. Therefore, the trial court

committed no reversible error when it declined to divide the lottery winnings in the manner

Jose admitted would be “a fair and equitable distribution.”

        Maria’s remaining arguments, that the trial court did not give sufficient weight to the

income disparities of the parties or to Jose’s history of purchasing lottery tickets, and her

allegation her testimony was more credible than Jose’s, are invitations for us to reweigh the

evidence and judge witness credibility, which we cannot do. See McCord, 852 N.E.2d at 43

(appellate court cannot reweigh evidence or judge the credibility of witnesses).




the admission did not preclude the trial court from dividing the lottery proceeds as it did, we need not address
whether “fair and equitable” and “just and reasonable” mean the same thing.

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                                             CONCLUSION

        Because the language of the admission did not preclude the trial court from awarding

Maria only two point five percent of her husband’s lottery proceeds and Maria fails to

overcome the strong presumption that the trial court considered and complied with the

applicable statute, the trial court did not abuse its discretion.2 Accordingly, we affirm.

        Affirmed.

VAIDIK, C.J., and RILEY, J., concur.




2
 In one paragraph at the end of her brief, Maria claims that she is also appealing the denial of her request for
$6,402.23 in attorney’s fees. She does not explain why that was error and she provides no legal authority
supporting this claim. Because her argument does not conform with Indiana Appellate Rule 46(A)(8)(a),
which requires cogent argument and citation to authority,” it is waived. See, e.g., Pittman v. Pittman, 717
N.E.2d 627, 633 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999) (argument waived for failure to present cogent argument supported by
authority and references to the record).

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