
TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN



NO. 03-08-00513-CV


Frank Dwight Carter, Appellant

v.

The State of Texas, Appellee




FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 53RD JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. D-1-GN-01-003232, HONORABLE JOSEPH H. HART, JUDGE PRESIDING


M E M O R A N D U M   O P I N I O N

	Appellant Frank Dwight Carter, an inmate in the Texas Department of Criminal
Justice-Institutional Division, sued the State of Texas seeking compensation for wrongful
imprisonment and violations of his civil rights.  The record reflects that in June 1989, Carter was
indicted by the Lubbock County Grand Jury in cause number 89-409,601 for two counts of
aggravated robbery.  On July 7, 1989, another grand jury in Lubbock County indicted Carter in
cause 89-409,752 for the same two charges of aggravated robbery, adding an enhancement paragraph
alleging that Carter had been convicted of theft in 1983.  On July 12, 1989, the 99th District Court
granted the State's motion to dismiss the indictment in cause 89-409,601, which stated, "This case
was reindicted in Cause no. 89-409,752 by the 137th District Court Grand Jury on July 7, 1989." 
On August 9, 1989, the 137th and the 99th District Courts signed a transfer order in cause 89-409,752 that stated that Carter was indicted by the grand jury in the 137th District Court of Lubbock
County and that the cause was transferred to the 99th District Court. (1)  In June 1990, the
99th District Court conducted a jury trial in cause 89-409,752, and Carter was convicted and
sentenced to life in prison.  
	In his original petition, Carter alleged that after the dismissal of charges in 89-409,601, the 99th District Court was without jurisdiction to prosecute and convict him and that his
conviction and prison sentence were therefore void.  The State filed a plea to the jurisdiction,
asserting that Carter did not qualify for the limited waiver of sovereign immunity granted by
section 103.001 of the civil practice and remedies code, which allows someone to sue the State if
he has served time in prison and has been pardoned or granted relief based on innocence.  See
Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. §§ 103.001, .101 (West 2005).  The State further asserted that
section 1983 of the U.S. Code does not create a remedy against the State and, thus, Carter's claims
for civil rights violations under section 1983 were barred by the Eleventh Amendment.  The trial
court signed an order granting the State's plea as far as Carter's section 1983 claims and denied the
plea as to his chapter 103 claims.  Carter appeals from that order.  See id. § 51.014(a)(8) (West 2008)
(allowing interlocutory appeal from order granting or denying governmental unit's plea to the
jurisdiction).  Carter, who is pro se, has not filed a brief that complies with the rules of appellate
procedure, see Tex. R. App. P. 38.1, instead filing a motion asking us to review the record and his
arguments made below. (2)  We affirm the trial court's dismissal of Carter's section 1983 claims.
	Section 1983 provides that a "person" who violates a plaintiff's civil rights can be
sued and subjected to liability.  42 U.S.C.A. § 1983 (West 2003).  However, the Supreme Court has
explained that section 1983 "does not provide a federal forum for litigants who seek a remedy
against a State for alleged deprivations of civil liberties. The Eleventh Amendment bars such suits
unless the State has waived its immunity or unless Congress has exercised its undoubted power
under § 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment to override that immunity."  Will v. Michigan Dep't of State
Police, 491 U.S. 58, 66 (1989) (citations omitted).  The Court refused to adopt the argument "that
Congress intended nevertheless to create a cause of action against States to be brought in state courts,
which are precisely the courts Congress sought to allow civil rights claimants to avoid
through § 1983" and stated that "neither a State nor its officials acting in their official capacities are
'persons' under § 1983."  Id. at 66, 71; see also Arizonans for Official English v. Arizona, 520 U.S.
43, 69 (1997) ("§ 1983 actions do not lie against a State").  Therefore, Carter may not sue the State
under section 1983 and the trial court did not err in dismissing Carter's section 1983 claims.  We
affirm the trial court's order partially granting the State's plea to the jurisdiction.

					__________________________________________
					David Puryear,  Justice
Before Chief Justice Jones, Justices Puryear and Henson
Affirmed
Filed:   July 17, 2009
1.   The record contains an excerpt of a transcript from a lawsuit Carter filed in federal court
against Lubbock County in which the assistant criminal district attorney for Lubbock County
explained to the federal court that the charges in cause 89-409,601 were dismissed because the
original indictment did not include an enhancement paragraph and that Carter was re-indicted in
cause 89-409,752 "with an enhancement so there are two cause numbers but they are exactly the
same case."  Finally, the record contains findings of fact and conclusions of law filed by the
99th District Court in Carter's post-conviction habeas corpus proceeding in which the court said: the
"record proves that the State timely and properly presented the indictment to the court before the
court tried the cause; therefore the court had jurisdiction over cause number 89-409,752"; Carter had
not made any pre-trial objections to the indictment; and the indictment was properly and timely
presented and, thus, there was no error related to the indictment.
2.   Pro se litigants are generally held to the same procedural rules as parties represented by
counsel.  Mansfield State Bank v. Cohn, 573 S.W.2d 181, 184-85 (Tex. 1978).  Rule 38.1 provides
guidance for what an appellant's brief must contain.  See Tex. R. App. P. 38.1.  Carter's filings in
this appeal do not satisfy rule 38.1 and, thus, we could hold that any complaints are waived and
summarily affirm the trial court's order.  See Rivera v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., 262 S.W.3d
834, 842 (Tex. App.--Dallas 2008, no pet.) ("Because the Riveras have failed to adequately brief
this ground . . . they have waived their challenge to summary judgment on these damages.").  In the
interest of justice, however, we will examine whether the trial court properly dismissed
Carter's section 1983 claim against the State.
