                                                                  [DO NOT PUBLISH]

                        IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                               FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT           FILED
                                ________________________ U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                 ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                                       No. 10-12197                 JAN 18, 2011
                                                                     JOHN LEY
                                   Non-Argument Calendar               CLERK
                                 ________________________

                           D.C. Docket No. 1:08-cv-00119-MP-AK

DEBRA A. HUTCHINSON,

lllllllllllllllllllll                                                Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                           versus

MICHAEL J. ASTRUE,

lllllllllllllllllllll                                              Defendant-Appellee.

                                ________________________

                          Appeal from the United States District Court
                              for the Northern District of Florida
                                ________________________

                                      (January 18, 2011)

Before EDMONDSON, CARNES and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

         Debra Hutchinson appeals through counsel the district court’s judgment

affirming the Commissioner’s denial of her disability insurance benefits under 42
U.S.C. § 405(g). Hutchinson argues that the administrative law judge erred by not

finding her depression, anxiety, or a combination of both impairments severe at

the second step of the Social Security sequential evaluation.1 Hutchinson also

argues that substantial evidence does not support the ALJ’s decision that she can

return to her past relevant work. She asserts that substantial evidence shows that

she cannot work a 40-hour work week due to chronic incontinence, severe pain

from fibromyalgia, depression, and anxiety. She submits that she cannot work

full-time because she needs to take extra bathroom breaks, preventing her from

returning to her past relevant full-time work.

       Our review of the Commissioner’s decision is “demarcated by a deferential

reconsideration of the findings of fact and an exacting examination of the

conclusions of law.” Martin v. Sullivan, 894 F.2d 1520, 1529 (11th Cir. 1990).

The Commissioner’s “conclusions of law . . . are not presumed valid” and are

reviewed de novo, but the Commissioner’s factual findings are conclusive if

“supported by substantial evidence.” Id. (quotation marks omitted). Substantial

evidence is “more than a scintilla, but less than a preponderance: it is such relevant


       1
          Hutchinson also makes a passing reference to her “neck pain” in her brief to this Court.
It is unclear what impairment “neck pain” references because it was not one of the impairments
claimed by Hutchinson. She offers no argument to clarify that issue in her brief and has thus
abandoned it. See Davis v. Jones, 506 F.3d 1325, 1330 n.8 (11th Cir. 2007) (holding that failing
to develop argument in the briefs abandons that issue).

                                                2
evidence as a reasonable person would accept as adequate to support a

conclusion.” Id. (quotation marks and alterations omitted).

      The Social Security regulations provide a five-step sequential evaluation

process to determine if a claimant has shown she is disabled. See 20 C.F.R. §§

404.1520, 416.920. Hutchinson challenges aspects of the ALJ’s findings at the

second and fourth steps of that process. The second step requires the claimant to

show that she has an impairment or impairment combination that is severe. See id.

The fourth step requires the claimant to prove that she is unable to perform her

past relevant work. See id.

                                          I.

      The claimant bears the burden of showing that she has a severe impairment

or combination of impairments that may qualify as a disability. McDaniel v.

Bowen, 800 F.2d 1026, 1031 (11th Cir. 1986). While that burden is “mild,” id.,

proof of the mere existence of impairments does not prove the extent to which

they limit a claimant’s ability to work. McCruter v. Bowen, 791 F.2d 1544, 1547

(11th Cir. 1986) (“[T]he ‘severity’ of a . . . disability must be measured in terms of

its effect upon ability to work, and not simply in terms of deviation from purely

medical standards of bodily perfection or normality.”) Impairments alone or in

combination are severe if they “significantly limit the claimant’s physical or

                                          3
mental ability to perform basic work skills” like standing, sitting, seeing, hearing,

speaking, using judgment, and following simple instructions. Phillips v. Barnhart,

357 F.3d 1232, 1237 (11th Cir. 2004) (quotation marks omitted); see also 20

C.F.R. § 416.921(b). If contrary to other evidence, a claimant’s subjective

testimony about pain and other symptoms may be discredited by the ALJ. See

Wilson v. Barnhart, 284 F.3d 1219, 1225 (11th Cir. 2002). But that testimony

must be accepted as true if the ALJ fails to articulate reasons for rejecting it. Id.

      The bulk of the evidence Hutchinson presented about her depression and

anxiety was subjective. The ALJ properly articulated reasons supported by

substantial evidence that Hutchinson’s subjective testimony about the intensity,

persistence, and limiting effects of her symptoms was “not entirely credible.” The

scant objective evidence, even if viewed in Hutchinson’s favor, merely established

at most that the depression and anxiety existed. She had no objective history of

treatment for mental impairments and never sought counseling or hospitalization

for her depression or anxiety. She did not objectively show when or how it

affected her ability to perform basic work skills. Substantial evidence thus

supported the ALJ’s decision that Hutchinson’s alleged depression and anxiety

“resulted in no restriction of activities of daily living, no difficulties in




                                            4
maintaining social functioning, and no difficulties in maintaining concentration,

persistence, or pace without episodes of decompensation.”

      Hutchinson also argues that the ALJ did not consider her impairments

of depression and anxiety in combination. We disagree. The ALJ specifically

stated that Hutchinson did not have an “impairment, individually or in

combination” that met one of the listed impairments in evaluating step three of the

process. That statement shows that the ALJ considered the combined effects of

Hutchinson’s impairments during her evaluation. See Jones v. Dept. of Health and

Human Servs., 941 F.2d 1529, 1533 (11th Cir. 1991).

                                         II.

      The Social Security regulations place a very heavy burden on the claimant

to show an inability to perform past relevant work. Moore v. Barnhart, 405 F.3d

1208, 1211 (11th Cir. 2005). Hutchinson argues that the ALJ improperly gave less

weight to the opinion of her treating physician, Dr. Richard King, and that the

ALJ’s denial of benefits is contrary to the testimony of the vocational expert.

      Medical opinions are statements from physicians or other medical sources

that reflect judgments about the nature and severity of impairments, including

symptoms, diagnosis, what the applicant can still do despite her impairments, and

any physical or mental restrictions. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(a)(2). Opinions from

                                          5
medical sources on some issues are “not medical opinions” because they are

reserved for the Commissioner as “administrative findings that are dispositive of

the case; i.e., that would direct the determination or decision of disability.” Id. §

404.1527(e).

      The opinions of treating physicians, like Dr. King, are generally entitled to

more weight than non-treating physicians unless “good cause” is shown. See id.

§ 416.927(d); Phillips, 357 F.3d at 1240. Good cause exists when a physician’s

opinion is contrary to or unsupported by the evidence of record. Phillips, 357 F.3d

at 1241. Where the ALJ articulates specific reasons supported by substantial

evidence for not giving the opinion of a treating physician controlling weight, no

reversible error exists. See Moore, 405 F.3d at 1212.

      Hutchinson makes much in her brief of Dr. King’s opinion that her bladder

incontinence “causes a great deal of difficulty holding a job.” The ALJ, however,

noted that Dr. King gave the opinion in September 2003 and did not see

Hutchinson again until May 2005. The ALJ did not give that opinion great weight

because after it was rendered, Hutchinson performed missionary work in the

Dominican Republic that she said was “very hard.” Additionally, whether

Hutchinson could hold a job is a vocational opinion, not a medical one. That

question is reserved to the ALJ. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(e).

                                           6
      The ALJ gave great weight to the vocational expert’s testimony that a

hypothetical claimant with Hutchinson’s impairments could perform medium

work. Hutchinson argues that the ALJ incorrectly ignored the vocational expert’s

testimony regarding a second hypothetical claimant who could not perform such

work because of four to six extra bathroom breaks a day.

      That argument misses a key point: the ALJ specifically found that

Hutchinson was not that second hypothetical claimant who required numerous

extra breaks. As we have already mentioned, the ALJ found Hutchinson’s

“allegations and subjective symptoms . . . out of proportion and inconsistent with

the medical evidence and . . . not fully credible.” The ALJ articulated specific

reasons for those findings, including among other things Hutchinson’s ability to

drive and attend to her personal needs, her refusal to complete a

urgency/frequency symptom scale for her incontinence, and her ability to perform

“very hard” missionary work in the Dominican Republic. The ALJ reasonably

discredited her uncorroborated testimony about her need for numerous bathroom

and other breaks during the work day. Substantial evidence thus supports the

ALJ’s residual functional capacity finding that Hutchinson could still perform

medium work.

      AFFIRMED.

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