                ARMED SERVICES BOARD OF CONTRACT APPEALS

Appeals of --                                )
                                             )
ECC International Constructors, LLC          )      ASBCA Nos. 59138, 59586
                                             )                 59643,60284
                                             )
Under Contract No. W912ER-10-C-0054          )

APPEARANCES FOR THE APPELLANT:                      R. Dale Holmes, Esq.
                                                    Amy M. Kirby, Esq.
                                                     Cohen Seglias Pallas Greenhall
                                                      & Furman PC
                                                     Philadelphia, PA

APPEARANCES FOR THE GOVERNMENT:                     Michael P. Goodman, Esq.
                                                     Engineer Chief Trial Attorney
                                                    Sarah L. Hinkle, Esq.
                                                    Matthew Tilghman, Esq.
                                                     Engineer Trial Attorneys
                                                     U.S. Army Engineer District, Middle East
                                                     Winchester, VA

         OPINION BY ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE MCILMAIL ON THE
             PARTIES' MOTIONS FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

        The parties move for summary judgment on issues related to a contract to build a
compound outside a military base in Afghanistan. The parties have filed voluminous briefs
with numerous proposed statements of undisputed facts. In an effort to streamline the
issues and ready the appeals for hearing, this decision will only address select issues that
pertain to contract interpretation. Matters of contract interpretation are questions of law
and are amenable for resolution through summary judgment. Vari/ease Technology Group,
Inc. v. United States, 289 F.3d 795 (Fed. Cir. 2002). Contract interpretation begins with
examination of the plain language of the written agreement. LAI Services, Inc. v. Gates,
573 F.3d 1306, 1314 (Fed. Cir. 2009). The terms are given their plain and ordinary
meaning; if the contract language is clear and unambiguous, the plain language controls,
and extrinsic evidence is not allowed to contradict the plain language. Coast Federal
Bank, FSB v. United States, 323 F.3d 1035, 1040 (Fed. Cir. 2003). The contract terms are
interpreted and read as a whole, giving reasonable meaning to all of its parts, and without
leaving a "portion of the contract useless, inexplicable, void, or superfluous.'' NVT
Technologies, Inc. v. United States, 3 70 F .3d 1153, 1159 (Fed. Cir. 2004 ).
       Summary judgment shall be granted if the movant shows that there is no genuine
dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
Avant Assessment, LLC. ASBCA No. 58867, 15-1 BCA i/ 36,067 at 176.127 (citing FED. R.
CIV. P. 56(a)). The Board has previously issued a decision in the above-referenced appeals.
See ECC International Constructors, LLC, ASBCA No. 59138 et al., slip op. (Jan. 24, 2019).
Familiarity with the facts is presumed.

"Additional" Voice and Data Outlets

       The following is not in dispute. In 2010, the parties contracted for appellant to
construct a compound outside the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)
military base in Afghanistan (gov't mot. at 2, ,i,i 1-2; app. resp. at 1-2, 11 1-2). The
contract provides that, with respect to a "Joint Operations Center":

              One secure network outlet, one above secret network outlet
              and one NIPR net outlet per every 4.5 square meters of
              office space. One coax outlet per office.

(Gov't mot. at 11, ,i 45 (§ 018000.12 10, ,i 10.16); app. resp. at 5, ,i 45) The parties
disagree on the interpretation of that provision. The government argues that the plain
language is unambiguous. Appellant contends that adherence to the contract terms
would require more outlets than necessary for the compound. (Gov't mot. at 40-43;.
app. resp. at 40-44). We apply the principle of noscitur a sociis, which teaches that "a
word is known by the company it keeps,'' so as to avoid ascribing to one word a
meaning so broad that it is inconsistent with its accompanying words. Schlumberger
Technology Corp. v. United States, 845 F.3d 1158, 1165 (Fed. Cir. 2017). Because the
provision uses the term "office space'' in one sentence and the term "office" in the
next, we interpret the term "office space" to mean "the space within an office," within
the meaning of the provision. Accordingly, the provision requires one secure network
outlet, one above secret network, and one NIPR net outlet for every 4.5 square meter
increment of space within an "office" (defined as any space requiring a coax outlet
under the provision). To illustrate, if an office measures 4.5 square meters, the office
shall have one secure network outlet, one above secret network, and one NIPR net
outlet; if an office measures more than 4.5 square meters but fewer than 9 square
meters, one of each; if 9 square meters, two of each; and so on. Thus, we find the
government's argument persuasive and grant summary judgment on this issue.

Cable Ladder Rack

      The following is not in dispute. The contract provides that:

              UL listed, black painted, cable ladder rack. .. shall be
              installed around the perimeter of the communication


                                            2
              and server rooms .... The cable ladder shall be the Telco
              type as described in the I3A specifications.

(App. resp. at 63, ,i 287 (§ 018000.12 10, ,110.11.5); gov't resp. at 45,   ~   287)

        The parties disagree on the interpretation of the term "perimeter'· within the
meaning of that provision, with the government contending that the language is
unambiguous, and appellant arguing that the term does not mean "entire perimeter
(app. resp. at 65-68; gov't mot. at 50-52). Among the definitions of the term
"perimeter" are "the continuous line forming the boundary of a closed geometric
figure'· and ·'the outermost parts of a boundary of an area or object.'" NEW OXFORD
AMERICAN DICTIONARY 1303 (3d ed. 2010). Applying those definitions, the perimeter
of a communications or server room is its boundary; that is, its walls.* Consequently,
the provision requires the installation of a cable ladder rack around the walls of such a
room. We see no meaningful distinction between the term "perimeter" and appellant's
use of the characterization "entire perimeter" (app. resp. at 66); the latter smacks of
tautology in that it says the same thing twice. See NEW OXFORD AMERICAN
DICTIONARY 1779. Appellant relies upon the I3A specifications referenced in the
provision above that depicts a Cable Rack Detail (Typical) that appellant says shows a
cable ladder installed around only part of the perimeter of the depicted room (app.
resp. at 63-64, ,r 288; gov't resp. at 45, ,r 288). However, that reference refers to the
type of cable ladder to be used, not where to install the cable ladder, despite what the
typical detail may depict. Accordingly, appellant's arguments must fail.

Fiber Optic Combination Units (FOCU) Size

       The following is not in dispute. The contract provides that:

              The fiber optic cables shall be terminated in floor
              mounted, four post relay rack combination units that
              will allow splicing and patching within the same enclosure.
              The enclosures shall be sized to contain a minimum of
              48 fibers and a maximum of 144 fibers.

(Gov't mot. at 16, ,r 71 (§ 018000.12 10, ,r 10.4.1); app. resp. at 7, ,r 71). The parties
disagree on whether the provision requires each "enclosure" to be able to contain 144
fibers (gov't mot. at 52; app. resp. at 76). The plain unambiguous language of the



* We exclude from the "perimeter" of the room the door when closed; we presume
      that it would be absurd to interpret the provision to require that a cable ladder
      rack be installed on the inside of the door, and we should avoid such an
      interpretation. Haggar Co. v. Helvering, 308 U.S. 389, 394 (1940).

                                             3
provision requires that "enclosures," in general, be sized to contain at least 48 fibers but no
more than 144 fibers; it does not require that each enclosure be sized to contain 144 fibers.

Relocation and Disposal of "Spoils"

        Appellant moves for summary judgment that the government constructively
changed the contract by directing appellant to ·'change the location and relocate all spoils
disposed at the approved site'' ( app. resp. at 106-07). The government concedes "liability
for entitlement" on this issue (gov't resp. at 70). We grant summary judgment to
appellant that the government constructively changed the contract by directing appellant
(1) to change the location of the spoils disposal site, and (2) to relocate to the changed
location all spoils already disposed at the previously-approved disposal site.

                                     CONCLUSION

       The parties' motions are granted and denied to the extent reflected by the
foregoing opinion; otherwise, the motions are deferred.

       Dated: March 4, 2019



                                                   TIMOTH P.         LMAIL
                                                   Administrative Judge
                                                   Armed Services Board
                                                   of Contract Appeals



I concur                                           I concur




  M--
RICHARD SHACKLEFORD                                OWEN C. WILSON
Administrative Judge                               Administrative Judge
Acting Chairman                                    Vice Chairman
Armed Services Board                               Armed Services Board
of Contract Appeals                                of Contract Appeals




                                            4
       I certify that the foregoing is a true copy of the Opinion and Decision of the
Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals in ASBCA Nos. 59138, 59586, 59643,
60284, Appeals of ECC International Constructors, LLC, rendered in conformance
with the Board's Charter.

       Dated:



                                                  JEFFREY D. GARDIN
                                                  Recorder, Armed Services
                                                  Board of Contract Appeals




                                            5
