                           ILLINOIS OFFICIAL REPORTS
                                        Appellate Court



                           Mo v. Hergan, 2012 IL App (1st ) 113179




Appellate Court            GLENNA K. MO, individually and on behalf of RHOMBUS ASSET
Caption                    MANAGEMENT, INC. and CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN
                           INVESTMENT FUND, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. ALEXANDER HERGAN,
                           an individual, MARK PROSKINE, an individual, EDWIN
                           WARMERDAM, an individual, PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS, a
                           R om anian account i ng and fi na n c i a l s e r v i c e s f i r m ,
                           PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED, a
                           global network company, RHOMBUS ASSET MANAGEMENT, INC.,
                           an Illinois corporation, and CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN
                           INVESTMENT FUND, a Cypriot corporation, Defendants-Appellees.


District & No.             First District, First Division
                           Docket Nos. 1-11-3179, 1-11-3731 cons.


Filed                      December 17, 2012
Rehearing denied           January 10, 2013


Held                       In an action arising from plaintiff’s investment in real estate ventures
(Note: This syllabus       with defendants, the trial court properly dismissed or entered judgments
constitutes no part of     for defendants on plaintiff’s numerous claims, including breach of
the opinion of the court   fiduciary duty, fraud, conversion and conspiracy, since laches barred her
but has been prepared      claims based on the allocation of her ownership interest in the ventures
by the Reporter of         to the extent that she delayed asserting her claims while awaiting the
Decisions for the          outcome of the investments, she violated discovery orders with respect
convenience of the         to other claims, and the named defendant was entitled to summary
reader.)
                           judgment as to the remaining claims.


Decision Under             Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. 08-L-5888; the Hon.
Review                     Sanjay T. Tailor, Judge, presiding.
Judgment                   No. 1-11-3179, Affirmed.
                           No. 1-11-3731, Dismissed.


Counsel on                 John Leja, Jeremy Unruh, Rodney Lewis, and G. Gabriel Zorogastua, all
Appeal                     of Polsinelli Shughart, PC, of Chicago, for appellant.

                           Bellows & Bellows, PC (Joel Bellows and Schuyler Geller, of counsel),
                           and Law Offices of Gary N. Goldberg (Gary N. Goldberg, of counsel),
                           both of Chicago, for appellees.


Panel                      PRESIDING JUSTICE HOFFMAN delivered the judgment of the court,
                           with opinion.
                           Justices Cunningham and Delort concurred in the judgment and opinion.



                                             OPINION

¶1           In appeal number 1-11-3179, the plaintiff, Glenna Mo (on behalf of Rhombus Asset
        Management, Inc. (Rhombus), and Central and Eastern European Investment Fund (Central))
        appeals the circuit court judgments dismissing six counts of her complaint against defendants
        Alexander Hergan and Mark Proskine, granting summary judgment in favor of Hergan on
        three counts of her complaint, and dismissing Proskine from the case as a discovery sanction.
        In appeal number 1-11-3731, the plaintiff appeals a circuit court ruling denying her
        postjudgment request for further proceedings, namely, a ruling on an issue the court had
        deemed moot.1 For the reasons that follow, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court in
        appeal number 1-11-3179, and we dismiss appeal number 1-11-3731.
¶2           In November 2008, the plaintiff filed her corrected amended complaint seeking over
        $150 million in damages from the defendants. According to the complaint, Hergan,
        Wasendorf, Proskine, and the plaintiff formed Rhombus in 1998 for the purpose of acquiring
        real estate that they referred to as the Avrig 35 project. The plaintiff contributed $500,000
        to the venture and loaned Hergan $185,000 of his contribution. At the time, the plaintiff was
        given a 15.43% ownership interest in the Avrig 35 project; she alleged that she accepted this
        minimal share after Hergan promised that the ownership interests would be recalculated later
        to reflect the owners’ actual contributions. The venture subsequently acquired a second
        property–the Barthelot property–and the plaintiff alleged that she loaned Hergan $119,000

               1
                  The plaintiff’s causes of action against additional defendants Pricewaterhousecoopers
        (PWC) and Pricewaterhousecoopers International (PWCI) have been resolved and are not at issue
        in this appeal.

                                                  -2-
     of his $127,000 contribution to that acquisition. According to the complaint, for the next four
     years, Hergan found additional real estate opportunities and solicited funds from the
     Rhombus owners, but the plaintiff was the only shareholder to contribute money to “many”
     of these investments.
¶3       For one such investment, the Canadian Embassy project, she contributed $500,000, with
     $250,000 in the form of a loan to Hergan; an outside investor contributed $500,000; and the
     remaining Rhombus shareholders contributed nothing. She alleged that she made her
     contribution with the understanding that she and Hergan alone would share a one-half
     interest in the property. She later learned, however, that the ownership interest had been
     allocated to all four Rhombus shareholders in the same proportions as their Rhombus
     ownership, so that she received only 15.43% of the one-half interest. The plaintiff alleged
     that she confronted Hergan regarding this discrepancy and was assured that the ownership
     interests would be corrected.
¶4       In a second project, the Charles de Gaulle project, the plaintiff again was the only
     shareholder to contribute (both with her own money and with loans she obtained), and again
     she contributed with the understanding that only she and Hergan would hold ownership in
     the project. A bank later purchased half of this project for $5.5 million, and, over the
     plaintiff’s objection, Hergan used some of these funds to pay liabilities on the Avrig 35
     project and to pay dividends to Rhombus shareholders. Hergan also allowed additional
     Rhombus shareholders to invest in the project, whose value had increased to $11 million, by
     contributing $250,000. The ownership interests in the project were then allocated in the same
     proportions as the Avrig 35 project.
¶5       According to the complaint, Hergan eventually approached PWC and worked with Edwin
     Warmerdam to obtain financial and accounting advice. Warmerdam and PWC recommended
     that new entities be formed for each investment the parties undertook, and that all these
     entities be owned by a Netherlands corporation, F&C International BV (F&C), which in turn
     would be owned by Central. When Central was formed, its ownership was allocated in the
     same percentages as the Avril 35 project, despite the plaintiff’s understanding that her
     contributions would be reflected in new ownership allocations.
¶6       The complaint alleged that, in January 2004, Proskine, Hergan, and the plaintiff agreed
     to a reallocation of the ownership interests of each of the properties in which they had
     invested. However, following a 2004 meeting of Central’s shareholders, the ownership of the
     Charles de Gaulle project was modified to indicate an even larger allocation to Hergan and
     Proskine. At a 2005 Central shareholders meeting, the plaintiff again raised her concerns
     about the ownership allocations, but Hergan and Proskine responded that they were not
     interested in decreasing their ownership stakes.
¶7       Around June 2006, Central’s shareholders held another meeting, where the plaintiff
     agreed, “[i]n an effort to finally put an end to the dispute,” to accept a 25% interest in the
     Avrig 35, Charles de Gualle, and Canadian Embassy projects; a 25% interest in one
     additional project; and a 20% interest in all remaining projects. However, Wamerdam–at that
     time a new Central shareholder–refused to sign that agreement. Proceeds of the Charles
     de Gaulle project were later distributed without giving the plaintiff the increased stake she


                                              -3-
       had requested.
¶8          The complaint further alleged that Proskine allowed the plaintiff to make interest
       payments on Rhombus’s behalf, and later to personally repay loans she had obtained for
       Rhombus, while he caused Rhombus to reimburse him for similar expenses. In addition, the
       complaint asserted that Proskine and Hergan caused Rhombus to issue very favorable loans
       to their friends, without the plaintiff’s knowledge. Further, the complaint stated that Proskine
       had “routinely” written checks from Rhombus to himself (in one case to purchase a personal
       automobile) or to friends, and had in fact forged the plaintiff’s signature on company checks
       and cashed checks without the account’s required second signature.
¶9          The plaintiff alleged that, in October 2000, as these investment activities were ongoing,
       she and Hergan reached a separate agreement under which he agreed to transfer to her 5%
       of his interest in Avrig 35 in exchange for forgiveness of $250,000 in loans she had given
       him. According to the complaint, that 5% interest was never conveyed to the plaintiff.
¶ 10        Based on these allegations, the complaint raised claims against Hergan, Proskine, and
       Warmerdam for breach of fiduciary duty (count I); common law fraud (count III); a scheme
       to defraud (count IV); conversion (count VI); and civil conspiracy (count VII). The complaint
       added claims against PWC and PWCI for aiding and abetting a breach of fiduciary duty
       (count II); and aiding and abetting a scheme to defraud (count V). It also raised derivative
       claims (on behalf of Rhombus and Central) against Hergan, Proskine, and Warmerdam for
       breach of fiduciary duty (count VIII) and waste of corporate assets (count IX).
¶ 11        Hergan and Proskine filed motions to dismiss the complaint, and, on November 24, 2009,
       the circuit court granted those motions with respect to counts II through VII; counts I, VIII,
       and IX were advanced for further proceedings.
¶ 12        In February 2010, after Hergan and Proskine had filed their answers to the complaint, the
       circuit court entered a case management order directing the parties to complete discovery by
       August 9, 2010. In July, Hergan filed a motion to compel the plaintiff’s compliance with
       discovery; that document asserted that the plaintiff had failed to respond to interrogatories
       or requests for production of documents despite entreaties from opposing counsel. The circuit
       court granted Hergan’s motion to compel and ordered the plaintiff to comply with discovery
       requests before August 5, 2010. On August 20, the date of the next hearing in the case, the
       circuit court entered an order noting that counsel for Hergan and Proskine had moved for
       sanctions and setting the matter for hearing “for [the plaintiff’s counsel] to offer proof of
       deposition noticed” in the case and “continuances asked resetting of the same.” On August
       27, the circuit court entered an order stating that the matter had been heard and that
       “[p]laintiff’s representations to the Court on August 20, 2010 were false and no discovery
       has been issued by Plaintiff.” The order sanctioned the plaintiff’s counsel and ordered the
       plaintiff to comply with discovery requests by September 6, 2010. On September 8, the court
       entered an order noting that the matter had been heard and ordering that Proskine be
       dismissed from the case with prejudice. No transcripts of any hearings relating to this
       discovery dispute appear in the record on appeal.
¶ 13        In July 2011, Hergan filed a motion for summary judgment on counts I, VIII, and IX of
       the complaint. With respect to the latter two counts, which were brought as derivative actions


                                                 -4-
       on behalf of Rhombus and Central, Hergan asserted that the plaintiff’s suit should be
       dismissed because she had failed to serve those corporations; that he was protected by the
       business judgment rule; that there was no showing that he breached a duty to the plaintiff or
       the corporations; that there was no showing that he wasted corporate assets; and that the
       plaintiff’s claims should be barred by laches.
¶ 14       In an excerpt of the transcript of Proskine’s deposition attached to Hergan’s motion,
       Proskine testified that the Rhombus ownership allocation was determined by agreement of
       the owners and was intended to reflect the amount of work each owner put into the venture.
       He testified that all of the owners made equal initial investments of $500,000. Proskine
       further testified that the plaintiff began arguing that her loans to the company should be
       converted to equity only after she saw that the venture was thriving.
¶ 15       In excerpts of Hergan’s deposition, Hergan testified that all of the Rhombus owners
       agreed to the equity distribution and that the owners all contributed equal equity to the
       venture. He said that any funds that came into the company after that initial investment,
       including capital calls, came in the form of loans from the owners.
¶ 16       Among the documentary evidence attached to Hergan’s motion for summary judgment
       was a 1998 organizational agreement signed by the plaintiff setting her Rhombus ownership
       at 17% and an October 2002 agreement signed by the plaintiff indicating that the plaintiff
       held a 15% share in Central.
¶ 17       Hergan attached to his motion for summary judgment a copy of a June 9, 2006,
       agreement among several of the Central owners (and signed by the plaintiff). The agreement
       stated that the plaintiff would have a 15% ownership interest in Central and in the Charles
       de Gaulle, Canadian Embassy, and Avrig 35 projects. The agreement further stated that
       Central would repay loans and expenses to several parties before distributing equity. The
       plaintiff is listed among the parties whose debt and expenses were to be reimbursed, but her
       name is accompanied by a note stating “expense reimbursement only, including but not
       limited to legal fees she incurred in an amount not to exceed $70,000.”
¶ 18       Hergan testified that, at some point, the plaintiff sought to convert her loans to equity
       instead of having the loans paid off with cash from the company. According to Hergan,
       Rhombus determined in 2006 that it could make a distribution to its shareholders, but it
       decided to first pay off its outstanding loans. Hergan said that loans sourced by the plaintiff
       were not paid off at that time, because the plaintiff “chose to get her money as a conversion
       of her loans and to equity, and, as such, she was paid exactly what the [distribution] formula
       called for which was 25 percent of the distribution.” Otherwise, he testified, the corporation
       paid all of its debts.
¶ 19       A June 21, 2006, email sent to the owners by a financial advisor indicated that the
       remaining debts paid at the time of the distribution included one loan with a 15% interest rate
       and $72,500 due at repayment ($50,000 principal, $22,500 interest), one loan with a 100%
       balloon payment of $200,000 (equal parts principal and interest), and one loan with a 100%
       balloon payment of $30,000 (equal parts principal and interest). (In his deposition testimony,
       Hergan discussed two loans the company paid off with approximately $1.5 million, which
       was approximately twice the initial loan amounts.) The email also detailed additional


                                                 -5-
       expenses and cash movements for the company. A schedule attached to that email indicated
       that the plaintiff would receive an approximately $4.1 million cash dividend distribution, out
       of a $16.6 million pool.
¶ 20       Near this time, the plaintiff apparently contacted an attorney to help her negotiate with
       her co-owners. In that attorney’s telephone notes, which were attached to Hergan’s motion
       for summary judgment, the attorney indicates that the plaintiff had objections to the
       company’s not paying off loans she sourced, but elected to accept the cash distribution
       because she “want[ed] to receive money first” and then raise her objections.
¶ 21       In his deposition, Hergan also described Proskine’s decision to purchase a Hummer
       automobile with Rhombus funds. He explained that they needed an all-terrain vehicle in
       order to be able to access mountainous parts of one of their projects in Romania and bought
       the Hummer based on assurances that the car could be serviced at a Hummer dealership in
       Romania. They later learned that there was no Hummer dealership in Romania, so they
       declined to ship the car overseas. Hergan testified that Proskine assumed the payments for
       the automobile personally when Rhombus “didn’t have any more money in the account.”
¶ 22       Also attached to Hergan’s motion for summary judgment was a copy of the plaintiff’s
       responses to requests to admit. In those responses, the plaintiff admitted that she had made
       no demand on Rhombus or Central to bring a derivative suit and that she had full access to
       Rhombus’s bank statements during her time as an officer for the company.
¶ 23       In response to Hergan’s motion for summary judgment, the plaintiff argued that Hergen
       was not protected by the business judgment rule because he did not exercise due care or acted
       in bad faith and that evidence showed that Hergan did waste corporate assets. The plaintiff’s
       response relied in several parts on the allegations she raised in her complaint. However, she
       also attached excerpts of Proskine’s deposition, in which he stated that Hergan was the “sole
       administrator” of the company. In those same excerpts, Proskine explained why the June 9,
       2006, agreement never took effect. He said that Warmerdam never signed the agreement and
       that the plaintiff “reneged” on it. He described her reneging as follows:
                “The common thread is always loaner equity. She waited until the company was
           thriving, demanded to convert her equity, her loans and equity, which was the reason she
           got that percentage. When we *** sent her the check, she cashed it.
                Then she had her lawyer call us and [say] where is the money for my debtors ***.
           [W]e said well, you converted it.”
¶ 24       In excerpts of the deposition of Russell Wasendorf, another Rhombus shareholder,
       Wasendorf testified that Hergan made most decisions for Rhombus and Central but was
       removed by the board in 2009 because it “no longer trusted” him. Wasendorf explained that
       Hergan was “not providing information regarding the *** business that was being conducted
       *** in Romania,” and that the board was “not getting good financial information” or “getting
       good communication in general.” Wasendorf also expressed his general displeasure with the
       allocation of Rhombus and Central ownership shares and with his lack of knowledge about
       company issues.
¶ 25       In attached excerpts of her own deposition, the plaintiff explained that she loaned money
       to Hergan on several occasions, often without full consideration due to the urgency of

                                                -6-
       Hergan’s requests. She described one meeting in which Hergan offered to “give [her] five
       percent of whatever the project that we were involved in at that time to pay back *** the
       money that he owed [her].” She testified that she did not have that document at the
       deposition, and the deposition excerpt ends as follows:
                “Q. *** Exhibit 9 was supposed to replace that document, wasn’t it?
                A. Replace? Well, I don’t know if this was.”
¶ 26        The next exhibit to the plaintiff’s response is a copy of a handwritten note, signed by
       Hergan, stating that he would give the plaintiff 5% of his interest in Avrig 35 in exchange
       for forgiveness of a $250,000 loan; the exhibit after that is a typed document to the same
       effect signed by both Hergan and the plaintiff.
¶ 27        On September 2, 2011, the circuit court granted Hergan’s motion for summary judgment
       on counts I, VIII, and IX, the remaining counts of the complaint, as too vague to create
       genuine issues of material facts. In so ruling, the judge explained in open court that he would
       not rule on the question of whether the corporate defendants were properly served, because
       he believed the issue to be moot in light of the fact that he had entered orders disposing of
       all of the plaintiff’s claims.
¶ 28        On September 30, the plaintiff filed a motion for extension of time to file a motion
       challenging the circuit court’s ruling. On October 20, the court set the matter for a hearing
       on November 8. Meanwhile, on November 1, the plaintiff filed in this court a motion for
       leave to file a late notice of appeal, and the appeal was docketed as number 1-11-3179. The
       plaintiff’s motion was granted on November 9, then vacated on December 9. On February
       23, 2012, however, we granted the plaintiff’s motion to reinstate her appeal and allow her
       late notice of appeal.
¶ 29        On November 8, the circuit court denied the plaintiff’s motion for extension, and denied
       the plaintiff’s request for further proceedings on the jurisdiction issue. The plaintiff filed a
       notice of appeal from that decision on December 5, and the appeal was docketed as number
       1-11-3731. On January 20, 2012, Hergan filed a motion arguing that we lacked jurisdiction
       over this second appeal, because it was taken from a circuit court order entered more than
       30 days after the final order in the case. In April 2012, a panel of this court denied Hergan’s
       motion.
¶ 30        We begin our discussion with the plaintiff’s second appeal, in case number 1-11-3731.
       Although a motion panel of this court denied Hergan’s motion to dismiss this appeal, we
       have an independent duty to determine if we have jurisdiction and to dismiss the appeal if
       jurisdiction is lacking. In re Marriage of Waddick, 373 Ill. App. 3d 703, 705, 869 N.E.2d
       1089, 1090 (2007). After an independent review, we conclude that Hergan’s motion to
       dismiss was meritorious.
¶ 31        “In the absence of a timely filed postjudgment motion, a trial court loses jurisdiction over
       a case pending before it 30 days after the entry of a final judgment terminating the litigation.”
       Holwell v. Zenith Electronics Corp., 334 Ill. App. 3d 917, 922, 779 N.E.2d 435, 440 (2002).
       The plaintiff argues that the circuit court’s September 2, 2011, order granting summary
       judgment to the defendants on the remainder of the plaintiff’s complaint was not a final
       order, because it left open the question of whether the plaintiff had properly served two of

                                                 -7-
       the defendants. However, as the circuit court explained, that jurisdictional issue became moot
       when the court rejected all of the plaintiff’s claims on other grounds. The September 2 order
       disposed of the entire case, and it constituted a final order. The question becomes, then,
       whether the plaintiff filed a postjudgment motion within 30 days of the September 2 order.
¶ 32        To qualify as a postjudgment motion, a motion must be directed against the judgment and
       request one or more of the types of relief specified in section 2-1203 of the Code of Civil
       Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-1203 (West 2010)). Marsh v. Evangelical Covenant Church of
       Hinsdale, 138 Ill. 2d 458, 461-62, 563 N.E.2d 459, 461 (1990). The only motion filed by the
       parties within 30 days of the September 2 order disposing of the case was the plaintiff’s
       motion for an extension of time to file a motion challenging the ruling. This motion, by its
       very terms, was not directed against the judgment and thus did not qualify as a postjudgment
       motion. See 735 ILCS 5/2-1203 (West 2010). Further, even if a party files a motion for
       extension of time to file a postjudgment motion, the circuit court loses jurisdiction over the
       case if it does not extend the deadline before the expiration of the 30-day period following
       the final judgment. In re Estate of Kunsch, 342 Ill. App. 3d 552, 554, 794 N.E.2d 1059, 106
       (2003). Here, the circuit court did not rule on the plaintiff’s motion to extend the time for
       filing a motion to reconsider until November 8, much more than 30 days after the entry of
       its final September 2 order. For these reasons, the circuit court lost jurisdiction over the case
       30 days after September 2. Accordingly, the court’s November 8 order was entered without
       jurisdiction and is a nullity. We therefore vacate our April 2012 order denying Hergan’s
       motion to dismiss the plaintiff’s appeal, and dismiss the plaintiff’s appeal in case number 1-
       11-3731.
¶ 33        In case number 1-11-3179, the plaintiff raises several arguments challenging the circuit
       court’s rejection of all of her claims against the defendants. The plaintiff first argues that the
       circuit court erred in granting the defendants’ motion to dismiss counts III, IV, VI, and VII
       of her complaint. However, we agree with the defendants that the plaintiff’s claims on these
       counts were barred by the doctrine of laches.
¶ 34        A defendant’s assertion that a claim should be barred by laches invokes section 2-
       619(a)(9) of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/2-619(a)(9) (West 2010)),
       which provides for dismissal of a claim if it is barred by some affirmative matter. See Knox
       v. Godinez, 2012 IL App (4th) 110325, ¶¶ 5, 6. In ruling on a section 2-619 motion to
       dismiss, a court must interpret the pleadings and supporting materials in the light most
       favorable to the nonmoving party. Abruzzo v. City of Park Ridge, 231 Ill. 2d 324, 332, 898
       N.E.2d 631, 636 (2008). We review de novo a circuit court’s decision to grant a section 2-
       619 motion to dismiss. Abruzzo, 231 Ill. 2d at 332, 898 N.E.2d at 636.
¶ 35        Laches is an equitable doctrine that precludes the assertion of a claim by a litigant whose
       unreasonable delay in raising that claim has prejudiced the opposing party. Ulm v. Memorial
       Medical Center, 2012 IL App (4th) 110421, ¶ 52. We note that, “[t]raditionally, the defense
       of laches was limited to actions arising in equity and was unavailable in actions at law.”
       Valdovinos v. Tomita, 394 Ill. App. 3d 14, 18, 914 N.E.2d 221, 226 (2009). “Over time,”
       however, “Illinois courts have expanded the application of the defense” so that it is now
       “routinely applied in lawsuits simultaneously seeking both legal and equitable remedies.”
       Valdovinos, 394 Ill. App. 3d at 18, 914 N.E.2d at 226. Although there may still be

                                                  -8-
       disagreement as to whether laches should apply in actions seeking only monetary damages
       (Valdovinos, 394 Ill. App. 3d at 18, 914 N.E.2d at 226 (citing cases)), this court has stated
       that “such ‘mechanical’ applications are no longer followed,” even where a statute of
       limitations might otherwise apply (Bill v. Board of Education of Cicero School District 99,
       351 Ill. App. 3d 47, 56, 58, 812 N.E.2d 604, 792, 793 (2004)). Although she seeks only
       monetary relief, and although statutes of limitation exist to govern the legal actions she has
       brought, the plaintiff makes no argument in her brief that the doctrine of laches should be
       inapplicable to this case. Given no reason to stray from the holding in Bill, we assume that
       a laches defense may be asserted here.
¶ 36        In order to succeed on a laches defense, a defendant must establish both (1) the plaintiff’s
       lack of diligence in presenting her claim and (2) prejudice to the defendant as a result of the
       delay. Ulm, 2012 IL App (4th) 110421, ¶ 52. Here, the complaint, along with the defendants’
       motions to dismiss, establish both elements.
¶ 37        All four of the counts whose dismissal the plaintiff now challenges were based on the
       idea that the defendants conveyed to her an insufficient share of ownership in their ventures
       and that the ownership allocations of the ventures were “arbitrary” from the start. However,
       as even the plaintiff’s complaint describes events, she was fully aware of her ownership share
       in 1998, when the ventures began. Her complaint describes her various and repeated
       entreaties to other owners to increase her share, as well as assurances she received that her
       share would be increased. However, it also establishes that she was aware at all times that
       her ownership share had not been increased and that she allowed the situation to persist for
       years with no official action from her co-owners.
¶ 38        In fact, the complaint states that she was shown documentation in 2004 and 2005
       indicating that her ownership share had not been increased to her satisfaction, and, in her
       brief, the defendant notes that she was told in 2005 that Hergan and Proskine were
       uninterested in adjusting their ownership interests in the projects. Further, she knew that the
       owners failed to ratify a 2006 agreement that would have allowed her to convert some of her
       loan payments into equity in the ventures. Despite these clear signs, and despite the passage
       of time without an adjustment to her ownership stake, the plaintiff did not file suit until May
       2008, 10 years after the disputed ownership allocations were first set out.
¶ 39        In the meantime, as the defendants pointed out in their motions to dismiss, the value of
       the ventures increased substantially. The plaintiff alleged that the combined value of the
       ventures at the time of her suit exceeded $500 million, far more than the contributions she
       alleges that she made to the companies. This remarkable increase in the value of the ventures
       underscores the prejudice the plaintiff’s delay caused the defendants. By delaying her
       lawsuit, the plaintiff allowed the remaining owners to continue to participate in the ventures
       and create value on her behalf, while she withheld her decision as to whether to press for
       more equity. This type of delay is precisely the type that the doctrine of laches is designed
       to discourage. As another court has explained:
            “A person may not withhold his claim awaiting the outcome of a doubtful enterprise and,
            after the enterprise has resulted in financial success favorable to the claimant, assert his
            interest, especially where he has thus avoided the risks of the enterprise. The injustice of


                                                 -9-
            permitting one, holding the right to assert an interest in property of a speculative
            character, to voluntarily await the event and then decide, when the danger is over and the
            risk has been that of another, to come in and share the profit, is obvious. In such
            circumstances, persons having claims to property are bound to use the utmost diligence
            in enforcing them.” Pfister v. Cow Gulch Oil Co., 189 F.2d 311, 315 (10th Cir. 1951).
¶ 40        For these reasons, we conclude that laches bars the plaintiff’s claims regarding her
       ownership allocation, and we agree with the circuit court’s decision to dismiss counts II, IV,
       VI, and VII of her complaint.
¶ 41        The plaintiff next argues that the circuit court erred in dismissing her remaining claims
       against Proskine as a sanction for her failure to comply with discovery and for her possible
       misrepresentations to the court regarding her compliance. As the parties observe, Illinois
       Supreme Court Rule 219 (eff. July 1, 2002) empowers a court to impose sanctions against
       a party who violates discovery orders. “The appropriate sanction for a party’s noncompliance
       with discovery rules is a matter within the broad discretion of the trial court, and absent an
       abuse of that discretion, its decision will not be disturbed on appeal.” Harris v. Harris, 196
       Ill. App. 3d 815, 819-20, 555 N.E.2d 10, 13-14 (1990).
¶ 42        Although the plaintiff asks us to evaluate the circuit court’s application of its discretion
       to enter a sanction against her, the record includes only the circuit court’s written orders
       compelling discovery and imposing sanctions. The plaintiff provides us with no record of the
       hearings that led to the sanctions against her, despite the fact that the order imposing
       sanctions seems to have been based largely on the plaintiff’s counsel’s conduct at one of
       those hearings. “[A]n appellant has the burden to present a sufficiently complete record of
       the proceedings at trial to support a claim of error, and in the absence of such a record on
       appeal, it will be presumed that the order entered by the trial court was in conformity with
       law and had a sufficient factual basis.” Foutch v. O’Bryant, 99 Ill. 2d 389, 391-92, 459
       N.E.2d 958, 959 (1984). “Any doubts which may arise from the incompleteness of the record
       will be resolved against the appellant.” Foutch, 99 Ill. 2d at 392, 459 N.E.2d at 959. With no
       real record of the events that led to the sanctions against the plaintiff, we have no meaningful
       way to evaluate whether the circuit court’s imposition of sanctions constituted an abuse of
       discretion. Under Foutch, we must resolve this ambiguity against the plaintiff. For that
       reason, we reject her argument that the circuit court erred in dismissing her claims against
       Proskine.
¶ 43        The plaintiff’s final argument on appeal is that the circuit court erred in granting
       summary judgment in favor of Hergan on counts I, VIII, and IX of her complaint. Summary
       judgment is proper where “the pleadings, depositions, and admissions on file, together with
       the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the
       moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” 735 ILCS 5/2-1005(c) (West
       2010). “The function of a reviewing court on appeal from a grant of summary judgment is
       limited to determining whether the trial court correctly concluded that no genuine issue of
       material fact was raised and, if none was raised, whether judgment as a matter of law was
       correctly entered.” American Family Mutual Insurance Co. v. Page, 366 Ill. App. 3d 1112,
       1115, 852 N.E.2d 874, 877 (2006). “The propriety of a trial court’s decision to grant
       summary judgment presents a question of law, which we review de novo.” Bigelow Group,

                                                 -10-
       Inc. v. Rickert, 377 Ill. App. 3d 165, 168, 877 N.E.2d 1171, 1175 (2007).
¶ 44       To evaluate the circuit court’s decision to grant summary judgment to Hergan on three
       counts of the complaint, we consider each count separately. We begin with count I, which
       alleged that Hergan breached a fiduciary duty to the plaintiff by failing to grant her greater
       equity in the ventures and by misrepresenting to her that her contributions would be treated
       as equity. To the extent these allegations are not barred by laches for the reasons discussed
       above, they are belied by the evidence presented in relation to Hergan’s motion for summary
       judgment. With his motion for summary judgment, Hergan presented Proskine’s testimony
       explaining the ownership allocation and noting that the plaintiff did not raise her objections
       until after the venture began to thrive, his own testimony that all the owners agreed to the
       ownership allocation, and documentary evidence supporting both accounts. In response, the
       plaintiff offered testimony from Wasendorf and herself. Wasendorf, however, offered no real
       knowledge about the plaintiff’s ownership situation. The plaintiff’s testimony also failed to
       contradict Hergan’s and Proskine’s accounts: it was limited to an explanation of her reasons
       for loaning money to Hergan. Pitted against Hergan’s evidence, the plaintiff’s motion for
       summary judgment did nothing to create a genuine issue of material fact regarding the first
       count of her complaint.
¶ 45       In count VIII of the complaint, the plaintiff alleged that Hergan violated a fiduciary duty
       to Rhombus and Central by issuing loans to friends, forging checks on company accounts,
       and purchasing a Hummer for personal use. The plaintiff now argues that, by these actions,
       Hergan used corporate assets to further his personal interests, at the corporation’s expense.
       See Levy v. Markal Sales Corp., 268 Ill. App. 3d 355, 369, 643 N.E.2d 1206, 1217 (1994)
       (“a fiduciary’s use of corporate assets to further his own goals is a violation of his fiduciary
       duties”). However, the plaintiff offered no evidence of any forged checks. As for the
       Hummer, Hergan offered his own testimony regarding the reasons the Hummer was
       purchased for the corporation, and the plaintiff offered nothing to rebut those reasons.
       Finally, as to the loans, all the plaintiff offered to establish their impropriety was a
       description of their terms. This alone is insufficient to establish their issuance as a breach of
       fiduciary duty. Thus, we agree with the circuit court that no genuine issue of material fact
       remained relating to count VIII of the complaint and that summary judgment in Hergan’s
       favor was proper.
¶ 46       Finally, count IX of the complaint alleged that Hergan wasted corporate assets by issuing
       the loans and purchasing the Hummer. As we explained in relation to count VIII, however,
       the plaintiff offered nothing in her response to Hergan’s motion for summary judgment to
       create a genuine issue of material fact regarding whether those actions were reasonable for
       the corporation.
¶ 47       For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court in case number 1-
       11-3179 and dismiss the appeal in case number 1-11-3731.

¶ 48       No. 1-11-3179, Affirmed.
¶ 49       No. 1-11-3731, Dismissed.


                                                 -11-
