                                    IN THE
                            TENTH COURT OF APPEALS

                                    No. 10-12-00462-CV

      IN THE INTEREST OF F.F., M.N., I.N., AND G.N., CHILDREN


                             From the 249th District Court
                                Johnson County, Texas
                              Trial Court No. D201105469


                             MEMORANDUM OPINION


       Frank N. and Brandy F. are the parents of F.F., M.N, I.N., and G.N.1 After a jury

trial, the trial court entered a judgment terminating the parental rights of Frank to F.F.,

M.N., I.N., and G.N., and terminating the parental rights of Brandy to M.N., I.N., and

G.N. The jury found by clear and convincing evidence that one or more of the alleged

grounds for termination was established and that termination was in the best interest of

the children. We affirm the trial court’s judgment terminating the parental rights of

Frank to all four children and terminating the parental rights of Brandy to M.N., I.N.,

and G.N.



1Frank and Brandy had a fifth child after their four children were removed by the Department. That
child was not a part of these proceedings.
                                        Judgment on Termination

           In terminating Brandy’s parental rights2 to M.N. and I.N., the jury found by clear

and convincing evidence that Brandy:

         Engaged in conduct or knowingly placed the child with persons who engaged
          in conduct which endangers the physical or emotional well-being of the child.
          TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(E) (West Supp. 2012).

         Failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically
          established the actions necessary to obtain the return of the child. TEX. FAM.
          CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(O) (West Supp. 2012).

         Termination was in the best interest of the child. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §
          161.001(2) (West Supp. 2012).

In terminating Brandy’s parental rights to G.N, the jury found by clear and convincing

evidence that Brandy:

         Knowingly placed or knowingly allowed the child to remain in conditions or
          surroundings which endanger the physical or emotional well-being of the
          child. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(D) (West Supp. 2012).

         Engaged in conduct or knowingly placed the child with persons who engaged
          in conduct which endangers the physical or emotional well-being of the child.
          TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(E) (West Supp. 2012).

         Failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically
          established the actions necessary to obtain the return of the child. TEX. FAM.
          CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(O) (West Supp. 2012).

         Has a mental or emotional illness or a mental deficiency that renders her
          unable to provide for the physical, emotional, and mental needs of the child.
          TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.003 (West 2008).

         Termination was in the best interest of the child. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §
          161.001(2) (West Supp. 2012).




2   The jury found that termination of Brandy’s rights to F.F. was not in the child’s best interest.

In the Interest of F.F., M.N., I.N., and G.N.                                                          Page 2
In terminating Frank’s parental rights to F.F., M.N., and I.N., the jury found by clear

and convincing evidence that Frank:

       Knowingly placed or knowingly allowed the child to remain in conditions or
        surroundings which endanger the physical or emotional well-being of the
        child. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(D) (West Supp. 2012).

       Failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically
        established the actions necessary to obtain the return of the child. TEX. FAM.
        CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(O) (West Supp. 2012).

       Has a mental or emotional illness or a mental deficiency that renders him
        unable to provide for the physical, emotional, and mental needs of the child.
        TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.003 (West 2008).

       Termination was in the best interest of the child. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §
        161.001(2) (West Supp. 2012).

In terminating Frank’s parental rights to G.N, the jury found by clear and convincing

evidence that Frank:

       Knowingly placed or knowingly allowed the child to remain in conditions or
        surroundings which endanger the physical or emotional well-being of the
        child. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(D) (West Supp. 2012).

       Engaged in conduct or knowingly placed the child with persons who
        engaged in conduct which endangers the physical or emotional well-being of
        the child. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(E) (West Supp. 2012).

       Failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically
        established the actions necessary to obtain the return of the child. TEX. FAM.
        CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(O) (West Supp. 2012).

       Has a mental or emotional illness or a mental deficiency that renders him
        unable to provide for the physical, emotional, and mental needs of the child.
        TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.003 (West 2008).

       Termination was in the best interest of the child. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §
        161.001(2) (West Supp. 2012).



In the Interest of F.F., M.N., I.N., and G.N.                                       Page 3
Frank argues 31 issues on appeal, and Brandy argues 20 issues on appeal. We begin by

addressing the challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence.

                                        Sufficiency of Evidence

        In issues numbers one through eighteen, Brandy challenges the legal and factual

sufficiency of the evidence to support the findings. In issues numbers one through

twenty-one, Frank challenges the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence to

support the findings.

Background Facts

        The Texas Department of Family and Protective Services initially investigated the

family in November 2010 for the medical neglect of G.N. and the emotional abuse and

physical neglect of F.F., M.N., and I.N.            Dr. Laurie Gray, a pediatrician at Cook

Children’s in Mansfield, testified that she received a referral for G.N. from a local

hospital. Dr. Gray stated that G.N. had several abnormalities including microtia of the

ear, plagiocephaly (abnormal head shape), torticollis (turning of his neck and head to

one side), and hypospadias (an abnormality of the penis). Dr. Gray made referrals for

G.N. to see other doctors and therapists for the conditions. Dr. Gray explained that all

of G.N.’s conditions had treatments and that it was necessary for him to receive

treatment. Dr. Gray became concerned when Frank and Brandy failed to schedule

appointments for G.N. and failed to take him to scheduled appointments. There was

considerable testimony at trial that Frank and Brandy did not take G.N. to his needed

physical therapy appointments and did not schedule appointments with specialists.




In the Interest of F.F., M.N., I.N., and G.N.                                         Page 4
        Dr. Gray also testified that she had concerns about M.N. and I.N. Both children

were behind on their immunizations, I.N. had problems with language development,

and M.N. had behavioral problems and had trouble with developmental milestones.

The Department began services with the family.

        Frank and Brandy lived with Frank’s parents. There were a total of eleven

people living in the home. Frank, Brandy, and all four children slept in the living room

of the home, and I.N. and G.N. slept in car seats.        Ninfa Torres, with the Texas

Department of Family and Protective Services, testified that after investigating the

November 2010 referral, the family was requested to complete services. The

Department requested that Frank and Brandy attend parenting classes, obtain their own

housing, obtain employment, and take the children to doctor’s appointments. After the

Department became involved with the family, I.N. and G.N. began sleeping in “Pack ‘N

Play” beds. There was evidence that there were roaches in the “Pack ‘N Play” bed with

G.N. There were other safety hazards including too many blankets, toys, and bottles in

the “Pack ‘N Play” beds. Frank and Brandy continued to miss scheduled therapy and

doctor’s appointments for G.N. The children were eventually removed from Frank and

Brandy.

        Abiola Olagbami, with the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services,

testified that the Department developed a service plan for Frank and Brandy after the

children were removed. The service plan required that Frank and Brandy: 1) be at all

scheduled doctor’s appointments for G.N. that are not in the home of the foster parents;

2) attend and participate in counseling; 3) have legal and sufficient income to be able to

In the Interest of F.F., M.N., I.N., and G.N.                                       Page 5
provide for the basic needs of the children and provide the Department with pay stubs

monthly; 4) maintain a safe and stable housing environment for the children by getting

their own housing, provide the department with copies of the lease agreement, and

show that they can maintain the needed level of care and cleanliness; 5) Frank must

attend and complete an anger management course and demonstrate appropriate coping

skills and anger management; 6) provide samples for analysis by a drug testing

company; 7) Brandy must complete a mental health assessment; and 8) attend and

actively participate in a visitation schedule with F.F., M.N., I.N., and G.N.

        Olagbami testified that Frank and Brandy initially were interested in

participating in the services, but eventually stopped showing progress and they were

not attending meetings or responding to phone calls. Olagbami said that Frank and

Brandy “haphazardly” completed parenting classes taking eleven months to complete a

seven week course. She further testified that Frank has not demonstrated an ability to

control his anger. Frank and Brandy were discharged from two counselors for missing

appointments.

        At the time of trial, Frank and Brandy were both unemployed. Brandy was

receiving unemployment income, but that was temporary. At the time of trial, they had

lived in their own apartment for approximately three months. Olagbami testified that

they did not complete the service plan requirement to maintain stable housing because

they were inconsistent in their rent payments.        Olagbami testified that Frank and

Brandy did not complete all of the service plan.




In the Interest of F.F., M.N., I.N., and G.N.                                    Page 6
         There was further testimony that Frank and Brandy were in danger of losing the

apartment and that they planned to move in with Frank’s parents if they were unable to

stay in the apartment. Frank testified that their expenses exceeded their income and

that they did not have the money to care for the children at the present time.

Standard of Review

        Only one predicate act under section 161.001(1) is necessary to support a

judgment of termination in addition to the required finding that termination is in the

child's best interest. In re A.V., 113 S.W.3d 355, 362 (Tex.2003). In conducting a legal

sufficiency review in a parental termination case:

        [A] court should look at all the evidence in the light most favorable to the
        finding to determine whether a reasonable trier of fact could have formed
        a firm belief or conviction that its finding was true. To give appropriate
        deference to the factfinder's conclusion and the role of a court conducting
        a legal sufficiency review, looking at the evidence in the light most
        favorable to the judgment means that a reviewing court must assume that
        the factfinder resolved disputed facts in favor of its finding if a reasonable
        factfinder could do so. A corollary to this requirement is that a court
        should disregard all evidence that a reasonable factfinder could have
        disbelieved or found to be incredible. This does not mean that a court
        must disregard all evidence that does not support the finding.
        Disregarding undisputed facts that do not support the finding could skew
        the analysis of whether there is clear and convincing evidence.

In re J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d 570, 573 (Tex.2005) (per curiam) (quoting In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d

256, 266 (Tex.2002)) (emphasis in J.P.B.).

        In a factual sufficiency review,

        [A] court of appeals must give due consideration to evidence that the
        factfinder could reasonably have found to be clear and convincing.... [T]he
        inquiry must be "whether the evidence is such that a factfinder could
        reasonably form a firm belief or conviction about the truth of the State's
        allegations." A court of appeals should consider whether disputed

In the Interest of F.F., M.N., I.N., and G.N.                                            Page 7
        evidence is such that a reasonable factfinder could not have resolved that
        disputed evidence in favor of its finding. If, in light of the entire record,
        the disputed evidence that a reasonable factfinder could not have credited
        in favor of the finding is so significant that a factfinder could not
        reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction, then the evidence is
        factually insufficient.

In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 266-67 (Tex.2002) (quoting In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 25

(Tex.2002)) (internal footnotes omitted) (alterations added).

        We find that the evidence is legally and factually sufficient to support the jury’s

finding that Frank and Brandy failed to comply with the provisions of the service plan.

See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(O) (West Supp. 2012).              Having found one

predicate act under section 161.001(1), we now will determine whether there is

sufficient evidence to support the finding that termination was in the best interest of the

children. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(2) (West Supp. 2012).

        The primary factors to consider when evaluating whether termination is in the

best interest of the child are the familiar Holley factors, which include:

        (1) the desires of the child; (2) the emotional and physical needs of the
        child now and in the future; (3) the emotional and physical danger to the
        child now and in the future; (4) the parental abilities of the individuals
        seeking custody; (5) the programs available to assist these individuals to
        promote the best interest of the child; (6) the plans for the child by these
        individuals or by the agency seeking custody; (7) the stability of the home
        or proposed placement; (8) the acts or omissions of the parent which may
        indicate that the existing parent-child relationship is not a proper one; and
        (9) any excuse for the acts or omissions of the parent.

Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 372 (Tex.1976); In re T.N.F., 205 S.W.3d 625, 632 (Tex.

App.—Waco 2006, pet. denied).




In the Interest of F.F., M.N., I.N., and G.N.                                           Page 8
Desires of the Children

        At the time of trial, F.F. was age seven, M.N. was almost six, I.N. was almost

three, and G.N. was two. F.F., M.N., and I.N. all expressed a desire to return to their

parents. None of the children testified at trial. Evidence that a child loves a parent,

enjoys visits, and shows affection is marginally relevant. In re A.M., 385 S.W.3d 74, 82

(Tex. App.—Waco 2012, pet. denied); In re M.H., 319 S.W.3d 137, 150 (Tex. App.—Waco

2010, no pet.). And absent a showing of sufficient maturity, a child's preference is not

considered. In re A.M., 385 S.W.3d at 82. There was no showing that the children had

sufficient maturity so that their preference should be considered.

Emotional and Physical Needs of the Children Now and in the Future and the
Emotional and Physical Danger to the Children Now and in the Future

        Evidence of past misconduct or neglect can be used to measure a parent's future

conduct. Id. The evidence shows that Frank and Brandy had a history of failing to

provide for the needs of the children.          They did not maintain stable housing or

employment, and they did not provide adequate medical care to G.N.

Parental Abilities

        There was evidence that Frank was not receptive to Department services and that

he did not interact with the children. Frank and Brandy were both inconsistent in

attending parenting classes and counseling. Olagbami testified that they were not

motivated individuals.          There was evidence that M.N., I.N., and G.N. all required

special care for various mental and physical conditions and that Frank and Brandy did

not meet the special needs of the children. There was evidence that Brandy interacted


In the Interest of F.F., M.N., I.N., and G.N.                                      Page 9
appropriately with the children during supervised visitation and that there was a bond

between her and the children. Although Frank and Brandy did complete parenting

classes and were attending counseling, evidence of a recent improvement does not

absolve a parent of a history of irresponsible choices. In re A.M., 385 S.W.3d at 83.

Available Programs

        Frank and Brandy were inconsistent in attending parenting classes, and they

were discharged from two counselors for missing appointments. Frank and Brandy did

not begin attending counseling regularly until a year after the children were removed.

Frank and Brandy maintained that they missed medical appointments because they did

not have transportation. However, they did not utilize transportation services that

were made available to them. They also did not take advantage of offers of assistance to

help find employment.

Plans for the Children and Stability of the Home

        Frank and Brandy obtained their own housing approximately three months prior

to trial, but they were inconsistent in making rent payments. Frank and Brandy had

another child after the children were removed from their care. The apartment has two

bedrooms for their family of seven.             They were both unemployed, and relied on

Brandy’s temporary unemployment income.                Frank admitted that their expenses

exceeded their income and that they could not provide financially for the children at the

time. They had acquired transportation at the time of trial, and they testified that

would help them maintain employment as well as making it to medical appointments.

If they were unable to maintain rent payments, Frank and Brandy planned to move

In the Interest of F.F., M.N., I.N., and G.N.                                           Page 10
back in with his parents. Frank agreed that living with his parents was not in the

children’s best interest. Frank and Brandy planned on taking the children to all medical

appointments and counseling sessions; however, neither Frank nor Brandy has a valid

driver’s license. They also plan to enroll F.F. and M.N. in a private school near their

apartment. The jury, as the finder of fact, was free to reject assertions of future stability.

In re A.M., 385 S.W.3d at 83.

Acts or Omissions and Any Excuses for Them

        Frank and Brandy failed to maintain suitable housing for the children and were

both unemployed. The children have special needs for medical treatment and Frank

and Brandy did not meet those needs.            Frank and Brandy blamed many of their

problems on the lack of transportation, but they failed to utilize available services for

transportation or to obtain suitable transportation.

        Considering all of the evidence in a neutral light, we hold that the evidence is

such that jurors could reasonably form a firm belief or conviction that termination was

in the best interest of the children. We overrule Frank’s issue numbers 1, 3, 6, 8, 11, 13,

16, and 19. Because the evidence is sufficient to support one ground of termination

under TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1) and a finding that termination is in the best

interest of the children, we need not address Frank’s issue numbers 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12,

14, 15, 17, 18, 20, and 21. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1. We overrule Brandy’s issue numbers 3, 4,

9, 10, 15, and 16.          Because the evidence is sufficient to support one ground of

termination under TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1) and a finding that termination is in




In the Interest of F.F., M.N., I.N., and G.N.                                          Page 11
the best interest of the children, we need not address Brandy’s issue numbers 1, 2, 5, 6,

7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, and 18.

                                         Admission of Evidence

        Frank raises ten issues on appeal challenging the trial court’s decision to admit

certain evidence, and Brandy raises two issues challenging the trial court’s admission of

evidence.3

        In issue numbers 22, 28, and 29, Frank argues that the trial court erred in denying

his motion to strike and/or exclude petitioner’s expert witness testimony, reports, and

trial documents, and also in allowing the opinion testimony of Ninfa Torres and Dr.

Gray. Frank complains that the Department failed to provide the information required

by TEX. R. CIV. PRO. 194.2 and that the Department’s designated testifying experts

should be stricken.

        Rule 193.6(a) states that a party who fails to make, amend, or supplement a

discovery response in a timely manner may not introduce into evidence the material or

information that was not timely disclosed or offer the testimony of a witness who was

not timely identified unless there was good cause for the failure to timely make,

amend, or supplement the discovery request or if the failure to timely make, amend, or

supplement the discovery response will not unfairly surprise or prejudice other parties.


3In her statement of issues presented, Brandy alleges in issue 19 that the trial court erred in admitting the
opinion testimony of Ninfa Torres. In issue 20, she alleges that the trial court erred in admitting
documents related to the Texas Medical Transportation program. In the argument section of her brief,
Brandy argues in issue 19 that the trial court erred in admitting the documents related to the Texas
Medical Transportation Program, and in issue 20 she argues that the trial court erred in admitting the
Order of Protection of a Child in an Emergency and Notice of Hearing. We will address the issues as
stated and argued in the argument section of her brief.

In the Interest of F.F., M.N., I.N., and G.N.                                                        Page 12
A finding of good cause or lack of surprise must be supported by the record. TEX. R.

CIV. PRO. 193.6(b).

        The trial court held a hearing on the motion to strike, and at the hearing, the

Department notified the trial court that Frank “has been provided with all of the

information in the possession of the Department related to the case.” The Department

detailed the information given to Frank and the dates the information was provided.

The Department further went through each testifying expert to show that there was no

surprise to Frank concerning the testimony. The trial court found that there was “good

cause for failure to timely make, amend, or supplement the discovery responses and

that the failure to timely make, amend, or supplement the discovery response will not

unfairly surprise or unfairly prejudice the other parties.” The trial court did not abuse

its discretion in denying the motion to strike and allowing the testimony of Torres and

Dr. Gray. We overrule Frank’s issue numbers 22, 28, and 29.

        In issue number 23, Frank argues that the trial court erred in admitting the Cook

Children’s Medical Center records. In issue numbers 25 and 26, he argues that the trial

court erred in admitting the MHMR and ECI records related to I.N. and G.N. In issue

number 27, he argues that the trial court erred in admitting the records of the Children

and Family Institute. Frank argues that the records were not relevant, that they were

hearsay, that there was no proper predicate, and that the error affected his

constitutional right to be a parent. There was extensive medical testimony admitted

without objection that referenced information in the Cook Children’s medical records.

There was also testimony admitted without objection concerning the services I.N. and

In the Interest of F.F., M.N., I.N., and G.N.                                     Page 13
G.N. received from ECI and the Children and Family Institute. Frank has not shown

that the trial court erred in admitting the records. Moreover, Frank has not shown that

he was harmed by any error in admitting the records. TEX. R. APP. P. 44.1. We overrule

Frank’s issue numbers 23, 25, 26, and 27.

        In his issues presented, Franks asserts in issue number 24 that the trial court

erred in admitting the MHMR and ECI business records related to Brandy. Frank does

not address this issue in his argument section of the brief, and he offers no argument or

authority in support of the issue. Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 38.1(i) states that,

to present an issue for review, a brief must contain appropriate citations to authorities.

TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i). Because Frank does not cite to any authority and does not

provide any argument in support of this issue, we conclude that Frank’s issue number

24 is inadequately briefed and presents nothing for review.

        In Brandy’s issue number 19 and Frank’s issue number 31, they both argue that

the trial court erred in admitting documents related to the Texas Medical

Transportation Program. Petitioner’s Exhibit 15 was a printout from the Texas Medical

Transportation Program’s website. It provided information on using the program for

transportation to medical appointments, the pharmacy, and the dentist. Frank and

Brandy argue that the document was hearsay.         There was testimony from several

witnesses admitted without objection describing the services of the Texas Medical

Transportation Program and the availability of the program to Frank and Brandy. Any

error in admitting the documents is harmless as the evidence is cumulative of other




In the Interest of F.F., M.N., I.N., and G.N.                                      Page 14
evidence in the record. See State v. Central Expressway Sign Associates, 302 S.W.3d 866,

870 (Tex. 2009). We overrule Brandy’s issue number 19 and Frank’s issue number 31.

        In Brandy’s issue number 20 and Frank’s issue number 30, they both argue that

the trial court erred in admitting the order of protection of a child in an emergency and

notice of hearing. They argue that the admission of the order “evades the province of

the jury as factfinder,” that the standard for entry of the order is different than the

standard for termination of parental rights, and that the order was not relevant. The

jury heard evidence that the children were removed from their parents and that they

were in foster care. The jury was given the proper standard for termination of parental

rights. Frank and Brandy cite to no authority that it is error to admit the order. See TEX.

R. APP. P. 38.1(i). Frank and Brandy have not shown that the trial court abused its

discretion in admitting the order. We overrule Brandy’s issue number 20 and Frank’s

issue number 30.

                                                Conclusion

        We affirm the trial court’s judgment.



                                                  AL SCOGGINS
                                                  Justice

Before Chief Justice Gray,
       Justice Davis, and
       Justice Scoggins
Affirmed
Opinion delivered and filed June 6, 2013
[CV06]




In the Interest of F.F., M.N., I.N., and G.N.                                       Page 15
