                    In The
              Court of Appeals
Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana


                  No. 06-17-00062-CR



           JOE RAY CUMPIAN, II, Appellant

                           V.

           THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee



        On Appeal from the 354th District Court
                Hunt County, Texas
               Trial Court No. 26,763




      Before Morriss, C.J., Moseley and Burgess, JJ.
        Memorandum Opinion by Justice Burgess
                           MEMORANDUM OPINION
           On March 29, 2011, Joe Ray Cumpian, II, pled guilty to aggravated assault causing serious

bodily injury.1 The trial court deferred his adjudication of guilt and placed Cumpian on eight

years’ community supervision. Several years later, Cumpian was convicted in Rockwall County

of possession of four grams or more, but less than 200 grams, of a controlled substance

(methamphetamine) with intent to deliver, a first degree felony.2 The State moved to adjudicate

his guilt and revoke his community supervision, and after a hearing, Cumpian was adjudicated

guilty and sentenced to twenty years’ imprisonment. On appeal, Cumpian complains that he was

denied due process because the trial court refused to consider the full range of punishment.3 Since

there has been no showing that the trial court refused to consider the full range of punishment, we

affirm the trial court’s judgment.

I.         Background

           On July 12, 2016, the State filed its sixth motion to revoke Cumpian’s community

supervision and to adjudicate his guilt. In its motion, the State alleged that on June 30, 2016, in

Rockwall County, Texas, Cumpian committed the offense of (1) unlawful carrying of a weapon,

(2) unlawful possession of a firearm by a felon, (3) manufacturing or delivering a controlled

substance in Penalty Group 1 in the amount of one gram or more, but less than four grams, and


1
    See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.02(a)(1) (West 2011).
2
    See TEX. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE ANN. § 481.102(6) (West Supp. 2017), § 481.112(d) (West 2017).
3
 Although Cumpian did not assert his complaint at the trial court, “[i]n the absence of a defendant’s effective waiver,
a judge has an independent duty . . . to consider the entire range of punishment in sentencing a defendant.” Grado v.
State, 445 S.W.3d 736, 741 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014). Since there was no effective waiver by Cumpian, we will consider
the merits of his complaint. See id. at 743.

                                                          2
(4) manufacturing or delivering a controlled substance in Penalty Group 1 in the amount of four

grams or more, but less than 200 grams. After Cumpian pled true to committing the offense of

manufacturing or delivering a controlled substance in Penalty Group 1 in the amount of four grams

or more, but less than 200 grams, the State apparently abandoned its weapon and firearm

allegations, but still pursued both its allegations regarding the manufacture or delivery of a

controlled substance.

        During the revocation/adjudication phase of the hearing, the State introduced a certified

copy of a judgment of conviction from Rockwall County showing that Cumpian had been

convicted on November 22, 2016, of possession of four grams or more, but less than 200 grams,

of a controlled substance in Penalty Group 1 with intent to deliver, a first degree felony; that he

was sentenced to six years’ imprisonment; and that Case No. 02-16-0446 for possession of a

controlled substance in Penalty Group 1 in the amount of less than one gram was included as an

unadjudicated offense pursuant to Section 12.45 of the Texas Penal Code.4 The State also

introduced a certified copy of the order dismissing Case No. 02-16-0446 pursuant to Section 12.45.

        In addition, Cindy Ware, an employee of the Hunt County Community Supervision and

Corrections Department, testified that Cumpian had been placed on community supervision on

March 29, 2011, and that the State had filed its first and second motions to revoke on April 26,

2011, and May 26, 2011, respectively. Both motions had been dismissed. On June 6, 2012, the




4
 Section 12.45 allows a defendant during a sentencing hearing to admit guilt to one or more unadjudicated offenses
and to request the court to take them into account in its sentencing. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 12.45(a) (West 2011).
The defendant may not be prosecuted for any admitted offense(s) the trial court takes into account. TEX. PENAL CODE
ANN. § 12.45(c) (West 2011).
                                                        3
State filed its third motion to revoke, and Cumpian received a forty-five-day jail sanction. The

State’s fourth motion to revoke was filed on September 12, 2014, and was dismissed.

         Ware also testified that Cumpian had two violation reviews in 2013 and that, by the second

review, he had brought his payments up to almost current and was working his community service

hours. His second violation review resulted from Cumpian associating with felons and his being

in a bar. Cumpian was ordered to submit to a urine analysis, which resulted in the fourth motion

to revoke alleging that the urine analysis was positive for codeine, morphine, and hydromorphone.

That motion to revoke was also dismissed. The fifth motion to revoke was filed on December 17,

2014, and was also dismissed.

         Finally, Ware testified that Cumpian is not a good candidate for community supervision

because he does not take the conditions of his community supervision seriously and continues to

associate with felons, go to bars, drink alcohol, and use drugs. Based on this evidence, and

Cumpian’s plea of true to the allegation that he committed the offense of manufacturing or

delivering a controlled substance in Penalty Group 1 in the amount of four grams or more, but less

than 200 grams, the trial court found both that allegation, and the allegation that he committed the

offense of manufacturing or delivering a controlled substance in Penalty Group 1 in the amount of

one gram or more, but less than four grams, to be true.5


5
 We note that there was no evidence supporting the trial court’s finding that Cumpian committed the offense of
manufacturing or delivering a controlled substance in Penalty Group 1 in the amount of one gram or more, but less
than four grams. Rather, the evidence showed that the offenses he committed were possessing a controlled substance
in Penalty Group 1 in an amount of less than one gram and possessing four grams or more, but less than 200 grams,
of a controlled substance in Penalty Group 1 with intent to deliver. Nevertheless, Cumpian does not challenge this
finding on appeal. Further, some evidence supported the trial court’s finding that Cumpian committed the offense of
manufacturing or delivering a controlled substance in Penalty Group 1 in the amount of four grams or more, but less
than 200 grams. This finding is sufficient to support the trial court’s adjudication of guilt. See Smith v. State, 286
                                                          4
           During the punishment phase, Cumpian offered the testimony of Kameron Fults, the victim

of the aggravated assault. Fults testified that there was no weapon involved in the assault, that he

had been drinking before the assault, and that he and Cumpian got into a fight. Although the fight

sent Fults to the hospital, he said he told the police that he did not want to file charges. He also

testified that he and Cumpian had been friends for over ten years and had worked at the same

workplaces. He asked the trial court to consider punishment at the low end of the punishment

range. Fults also admitted that he had a 2009 conviction for possession of a controlled substance

and that, if he were given a urine analysis, he would test positive for marihuana. However, he

explained that he had recently moved back from Colorado and had last used marihuana three weeks

earlier.

           Cumpian also testified on his own behalf. He testified that the aggravated assault occurred

when he intervened in a fight between Fults and his wife. He said he punched Fults one time and

broke his jaw. He testified that the first motion to revoke arose out of his arrest for theft. He

explained that he had purchased a cell phone from his brother that, unknown to him, was stolen

property. When his brother confessed to the theft, the charges were dropped. He explained the

motion to revoke alleging that he was in a bar and associating with felons as arising from a

Facebook post of a photograph of Fults and him at work. The motion was dismissed when he

proved it was from his workplace, not a bar. He claimed the other motions to revoke were for



S.W.3d 333, 343 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009) (finding that the trial court was justified in revoking the appellant’s
community supervision where trial court found appellant violated three of four violations alleged and appellant
challenged only one ground); see also Gobell v. State, 528 S.W.2d 223, 224 (Tex. Crim. App. 1975) (“Since the other
finding upon which probation was revoked is unchallenged, appellant’s contention, even if correct, would not show
an abuse of discretion.”).
                                                        5
being behind on fees and community service and that, before his current incarceration, he had

gotten current on his fees and completed his community service hours. He asked the trial court for

a low sentence, explaining that he was twenty-one years old at the time of the assault and that he

was young and stupid.

       On cross-examination, Cumpian admitted that his second motion to revoke alleged that he

had assaulted his wife, but that it was found not true. He also admitted that his third motion to

revoke alleged that he had burglarized a house and assaulted a woman causing bodily injury. He

claimed that he had never heard about the assault and that the burglary charge arose from a

misunderstanding with his former wife. Regarding the current allegations, he admitted that he

pled guilty and was sentenced to six years’ imprisonment for manufacturing or delivering four

grams or more, but less than 200 grams, of methamphetamine. He also admitted that he knew that

the conditions of his community supervision included that he was not to be around drugs and that

he was not to commit any new offenses, but that he did so anyway.

       After the arguments of the parties, the trial court sentenced Cumpian to twenty years’

imprisonment, and made the following statement, inter alia:

                THE COURT: . . . . Mr. Cumpian, having adjudicated you guilty in this
       case, I sentence you to 20 years in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, which
       is a maximum sentence in this case, as it should be. When you are on felony
       probation out of this Court and you go and commit a new felony offense and
       especially a manufacture and delivery of drugs, to come in here and ask me for
       anything less than the maximum sentence is kind of a waste of your time.




                                                6
II. Analysis

        Cumpian points to the above statement by the trial court, and an earlier comment by the

trial court,6 as “clear and overt” statements that it would only consider the maximum sentence, and

that it was dismissive of any mitigating evidence. As a result, he contends, this shows that the trial

court refused to consider the entire range of punishment and, therefore, that he was denied due

process. We disagree.

        Due process requires that a neutral and detached judicial officer consider the entire range

of punishment and mitigating evidence. See Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778, 786–87 (1973).

“A court denies due process . . . if it arbitrarily refuses to consider the entire range of punishment

for an offense or refuses to consider the evidence and imposes a predetermined punishment.”

Teixeira v. State, 89 S.W.3d 190, 192 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2002, pet. ref’d) (citing Granados

v. State, 85 S.W.3d 217 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002)). Unless there is a clear showing to the contrary,

we presume that the trial court was neutral and detached and that it did not act arbitrarily. See

Roman v. State, 145 S.W.3d 316, 319 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2004, pet. ref’d).

        The record in this case does not clearly show that the trial court refused to consider the full

range of punishment or the mitigating evidence. The exchange between the trial court and

Cumpian, and its comments after sentencing, occurred after the trial court had heard and apparently

considered all of the evidence presented at both phases of the revocation hearing. Further,

Cumpian ignores the additional comments by the trial court in which it explained the reasons for


6
 When the trial court questioned Fults regarding what a urine analysis would show and Fults admitted it would be
positive for marihuana, Cumpian asked to ask Fults one question. The trial court responded, “It won’t matter at this
point.” Cumpian then elicited testimony from Fults that the last time he smoked marihuana was three weeks prior to
trial.
                                                         7
assessing the maximum punishment, emphasizing that Cumpian had had five prior motions to

revoke that had been resolved in his favor,7 that he had previously had a forty-five-day jail

sanction, and that he had nevertheless committed a new felony offense. There is nothing in the

exchange, or in the trial court’s comments, that indicate that it had predetermined the sentence to

be imposed, or that it did not consider the full range of punishment.8 Rather, the exchange and the

trial court’s comments show that its determination was based on the nature of the offense, on

Cumpian’s response to the leniency shown by the trial court in his prior motions to revoke, and on

the serious nature of his subsequent felony offense.

         Since the record does not clearly show that the trial court did not consider the full range of

punishment, we find that the trial court did not err. We overrule Cumpian’s sole point of error.




7
 The judge who placed Cumpian on deferred adjudication community supervision and who heard the prior motions to
revoke was the former judge of the 354th Judicial District Court.
8
 The cases cited by Cumpian where appellate courts found that the trial court had predetermined the sentence imposed
are clearly distinguishable. See Ex parte Brown, 158 S.W.3d 449, 456 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005) (per curiam); Howard
v. State, 830 S.W.2d 785 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1992, pet. ref’d); Jefferson v. State, 803 S.W.2d 470, 471 (Tex.
App.—Dallas 1991, pet. ref’d); Cole v. State, 757 S.W.2d 864, 865 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1988, pet. ref’d). In each
of those cases, the record showed that the trial court had told the defendant when it placed him on deferred adjudication
that he would receive a specific sentence if he violated community supervision, then imposed that sentence at the
adjudication hearing. See Brown, 158 S.W.3d at 451–52, 456; Howard, 830 S.W.2d at 787; Jefferson, 803 S.W.2d at
470–72; Cole, 757 S.W.2d at 864–65. Thus, there was a clear showing in those cases that the trial court had not
considered the full range of punishment and had imposed a predetermined sentence. In this case, however, there is no
indication in the record, nor does Cumpian contend, that the trial court told him at the time he was placed on deferred
adjudication that he would receive a certain sentence if he violated the supervision order. Further, the record in this
case shows that the trial court considered the evidence and that the proceedings “continue[d] as if the adjudication of
guilt had not been deferred.” See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 42A.110(2) (West Supp. 2017).
                                                           8
      For the reasons stated, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.




                                                    Ralph K. Burgess
                                                    Justice

Date Submitted:      February 2, 2018
Date Decided:        February 5, 2018

Do Not Publish




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