                IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

G.V.,                                         :
                             Petitioner       :
                                              :
              v.                              :
                                              :
Department of Public Welfare,                 :    No. 125 C.D. 2011
                       Respondent             :    Submitted: February 20, 2015


BEFORE:       HONORABLE BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Judge
              HONORABLE P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge
              HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge


OPINION NOT REPORTED


MEMORANDUM OPINION BY
JUDGE COVEY                                FILED: December 17, 2015

              This case, on remand from the Supreme Court, involves a challenge to
the Department of Public Welfare (DPW),1 Bureau of Hearings and Appeals’ (BHA)
December 29, 2010 order adopting the Administrative Law Judge’s (ALJ)
recommendation denying G.V.’s appeal. Our Supreme Court held that the substantial
evidence standard of proof must be met in order to maintain an indicated report of
child abuse on the ChildLine & Abuse Registry (ChildLine Registry) under the Child
Protective Services Law (Law),2 and remanded to this Court for review using that
standard. G.V. v. Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 91 A.3d 667 (Pa. 2014) (G.V. II).                 Upon
review, we now affirm.



        1
         Effective November 24, 2014, DPW was officially renamed the Department of Human
Services. However, because this appeal was filed before the official name change, we will refer to
Respondent as DPW herein.
       2
         23 Pa.C.S. §§ 6301-6386.
                                      Background
               On September 9, 2009, Lancaster County Children and Youth Services
(CYS) received a referral alleging that G.V. was sexually abusing his 16-year-old
great niece, C.S., of whom G.V. and his wife, T.V., had custody. CYS conducted an
investigation and, on November 5, 2009, it filed an indicated report against G.V. as a
perpetrator of sexual child abuse against C.S.                CYS filed the report with the
ChildLine Registry on the same day. By notice mailed November 16, 2009, G.V.
was informed that he was listed on the ChildLine Registry as a perpetrator of child
abuse. On December 23, 2009, G.V. requested a hearing because he disagreed with
the indicated report. A hearing was held on June 2, 2010 before the ALJ, at which
several witnesses, including C.S. and G.V., testified. On December 17, 2010, the
ALJ issued a recommendation that BHA deny G.V.’s child abuse expungement
appeal. BHA adopted the ALJ’s recommendation in its entirety. G.V.’s request for
DPW’s Secretary’s reconsideration was denied. G.V. appealed to this Court3. The
issue before the Court is whether there was substantial evidence to support BHA
sustaining the report of child abuse4.
               Herein, BHA adopted the ALJ’s conclusion:

               [G.V.] sexually abused C.S. Child abuse occurs when there
               has been a sexual abuse or sexual exploitation of a child
               under 18 years of age[.] 55 Pa. Code § 3490.4. Per 23

       3
          CYS intervened.
        “Our ‘scope of review in expunction proceedings is limited to a determination of whether
constitutional rights were violated, whether errors of law were committed, or whether necessary
findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence.’” K.R. v. Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 950 A.2d
1069, 1073 n.6 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2008) (quoting E.D. v. Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 719 A.2d 384, 387 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 1998)).
        4
          This Court has stated that “‘substantial evidence’ in child abuse expungement cases . . . is
synonymous with the ‘preponderance of the evidence’ standard.” S.T. v. Dep’t of Pub. Welfare,
Lackawanna Cnty. Office, Children, Youth & Family Servs., 681 A.2d 853, 857 n.4 (Pa. Cmwlth.
1996).


                                                  2
              Pa.C.S.[] § 6303(i)(C), sexual abuse or exploitation to a
              child by a perpetrator occurs, as applicable in this matter,
              when there has been an indecent assault as defined by
              [Section] 3126(a) [of the Crimes Code]. I find [G.V.]’s
              actions were motivated for his and/or C.S.’ sexual
              gratification because there was no health reason offered to
              justify the touching and the touching was directed at the
              child’s breasts, buttocks, and genitals. [G.V.] fondling
              C.S.’ breasts and exposing and massaging her buttocks
              constituted sexual assault. 18 Pa.C.S.[] §§ 3101(a),
              3126(a)(4) & (7). [G.V.] looking at C.S[.]’ naked buttocks
              was done for his own sexual gratification. 55 Pa. Code §
              3490.4. Each of these acts sufficed to classify [G.V.] as a
              perpetrator of child abuse in the [Law] and [DPW’s]
              regulations. 23 Pa.C.S.[] § 6303; 55 Pa. Code § 3490.4.

Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 35a.
              At the time of the offense, the Law defined “child abuse,” in relevant
part, as “[a]n act . . . by a perpetrator which causes . . . sexual abuse or sexual
exploitation of a child under 18 years of age.” 23 Pa.C.S. § 6303(b)(1)(ii).5 “Sexual
abuse or exploitation” was defined in DPW’s Regulations as, inter alia:

              (i) Any of the following if committed on a child by a
              perpetrator:
              (A) The employment, use, persuasion, inducement,
              enticement or coercion of a child to engage in or assist
              another person to engage in sexually explicit conduct.
              ....
              (C) Any of the following offenses as defined by the crimes
              code:
              ....




       5
         Section 1 of the Act of December 18, 2013, P.L. 1170 amended the definition of “child
abuse,” effective December 31, 2014. See 23 Pa.C.S. § 6303(b.1).



                                              3
              (6) Indecent assault as defined by [S]ection 3126 [of
              Pennsylvania’s Crimes Code (Crimes Code)] (relating to
              indecent assault).
              ....
              (D) Exploitation which includes any of the following:
              (1) Looking at the sexual or other intimate parts of a child
              for the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire in
              either person.

55 Pa. Code § 3490.4.6 Section 3126(a) of the Crimes Code states, in relevant part:

              A person is guilty of indecent assault if the person has
              indecent contact with the complainant, causes the
              complainant to have indecent contact with the person . . .
              for the purpose of arousing sexual desire in the person or
              the complainant and:
              (1) the person does so without the complainant’s consent;
              [or]
              ....
              (4) the complainant is unconscious or the person knows that
              the complainant is unaware that the indecent contact is
              occurring[.]

18 Pa.C.S. § 3126(a). “Indecent contact” is defined by Section 3101 of the Crimes
Code as “[a]ny touching of the sexual or other intimate parts of the person for the
purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire, in either person.” 18 Pa.C.S. § 3101.7
              An indicated report of child abuse is defined as a report issued by DPW
if it “determines that substantial evidence of the alleged abuse exists based on any of
the following: (1) [a]vailable medical evidence[;] (2) [t]he child protective service
investigation[; or,] (3) [a]n admission of the acts of abuse by the perpetrator.” 23

       6
         Although DPW’s regulatory definition did not change, Section 1 of the Act of December
18, 2013, P.L. 1170, amended the definition of “sexual abuse or exploitation,” effective December
31, 2014. See 23 Pa.C.S. § 6303(a).
       7
         Section 3101 of the Crimes Code amended the definition of “indecent contact” effective
January 1, 2014. See 18 Pa.C.S. § 3101.
                                               4
Pa.C.S. § 6303(a);8 55 Pa. Code § 3490.4. Substantial evidence is defined in the Law
as “[e]vidence which outweighs inconsistent evidence and which a reasonable person
would accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” 23 Pa.C.S. § 6303(a). “[CYS]
has the burden of establishing by substantial evidence that an indicated report of child
abuse is accurate. If CYS fails to sustain that burden, a request for expungement will
be granted.” Bucks Cnty. Children & Youth Soc. Servs. Agency v. Dep’t of Pub.
Welfare, 808 A.2d 990, 993 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2002).


                                            Merits
              G.V. argues that the evidence relied upon by the ALJ to find that the
indicated report was properly maintained does not, by itself, constitute substantial
evidence to support the finding. G.V. asserts that C.S.’s testimony was inconsistent
and did not outweigh the evidence G.V. submitted. G.V. also argues that BHA
committed an error of law in its interpretation of “sexual abuse or exploitation,” as
defined by Section 6303(a) of the Law.
              The testimony before the ALJ revealed that, between 2003 and 2009,
C.S. spent time living with her mother (T.D.), her father, and her mother’s aunt (T.V.)
and G.V. (T.V.’s husband), with the majority of her time spent living with G.V. and
T.V. G.V. regularly gave backrubs to C.S. and his daughters, M.H. and B.V. M.H.
moved out of G.V. and T.V.’s home in 2004. In September 2007, C.S. was placed
permanently with G.V. and T.V. by court order. As of 2009, when C.S. was 16 years
old, G.V. and T.V.’s household consisted of G.V., T.V., C.S. and B.V., but B.V.
frequently spent evenings and nights with her boyfriend rather than at her parents’
home.



        8
       Although the definition of an indicated report was also amended by Section 1 of the Act of
December 18, 2013, P.L. 1170, the relevant portion of the definition was not changed.
                                               5
            From February 2009 to May 2009, T.V. and T.D. fought over T.D.’s
having to pay child support for raising C.S. During that time, C.S. did not have
visitation with her mother. C.S. made the following allegations against G.V.: “In
April and May 2009, after T.V. went to bed upstairs, [G.V.] attempted to touch
[C.S.’s] crotch three (3) times while giving her a backrub in the living room.” R.R. at
26a. During the same time period, and after T.V. went upstairs to bed, G.V. “twice
pulled down [C.S.’s] shorts and underwear to massage her buttocks while giving her
backrubs in the living room.” R.R. at 26a. C.S. felt uncomfortable when G.V. was
massaging her buttocks but she did not tell G.V. to stop. Early in the summer of
2009, C.S. fell asleep in B.V.’s bed after receiving a backrub and she awoke to G.V.
fondling her breasts. After this “incident, C.S. declined [G.V.’s] subsequent offers
for backrubs.”    R.R. at 26a.    During each incident, G.V. was clothed.        G.V.
acknowledged that T.V. sometimes went to bed and fell asleep before he joined her.
C.S. also testified that when she would ask G.V. for a cigarette, every now and then
G.V. would respond: “If I am not having sex with you, then I am not supporting you.”
R.R. at 75a. Finally, C.S. testified that G.V. told her on multiple occasions that she
“had a cute butt.” R.R. at 76a. T.V. testified that immediately before C.S. levied the
allegations, T.V. had punished C.S. and C.S. was facing a loss of privileges. T.V.
also testified that, in September 2009, after CYS issued the indicated report against
G.V., custody of C.S. reverted to T.D., thereby ending T.D.’s obligation to pay T.V.
and G.V. child support.
            CYS Investigator, Karen Gerber (Gerber), testified that while she did not
interview C.S., she observed the forensic interview where C.S. asserted that G.V.
made inappropriate sexual comments towards her, twice pulled down her shorts and
rubbed her bare buttocks, and fondled her breasts while she was sleeping in her
cousin’s bed. Gerber stated that when she later visited C.S., C.S. reported that there
was nothing that she wanted to add or change about her original disclosure.
                                          6
              The ALJ found C.S.’s testimony credible. He also deemed credible the
testimony of Gerber, and M.H. The ALJ found T.W.9 and T.V. generally credible.
The ALJ did not credit G.V.’s testimony that he did not touch C.S.’s buttocks or
breasts, and that he did not attempt to touch her between her legs. In finding G.V.’s
testimony not credible, the ALJ explained that G.V. was “proficient in hiding his
activities from family members and neighbor T.W.,” citing the fact that G.V. hid that
he smoked “marijuana at his home 2-3 times per month for many years and only
stopped in the last few years. This demonstrates that [G.V.] acted clandestinely at
home unbeknownst to his daughter, spouse, and neighbor[.]” R.R. at 34a. The ALJ
further cited inconsistencies in G.V.’s testimony, particularly his testimony that he
was never alone with C.S. and his admission that he slept downstairs after his wife
went to bed. The ALJ concluded that C.S.’s credible testimony supported the finding
that G.V. was a perpetrator of child abuse as defined by Section 3490.4 of DPW’s
Regulations, 55 Pa. Code § 3490.4, and that the indicated report was being
maintained consistent with the Law and DPW’s Regulations. Accordingly, the ALJ
recommended denying G.V.’s appeal.                  BHA agreed, and adopted the ALJ’s
recommendation and opinion as its own.
              The law is well settled that credibility determinations in expungement
proceedings are made by the fact finder and are not subject to appellate review. S.T.
v. Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, Lackawanna Cnty. Office, Children, Youth & Family Servs.,
681 A.2d 853 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1996). This Court has held that

              in determining whether a finding of fact is supported by
              substantial evidence, the Court must give the party in whose
              favor the decision was rendered the benefit of all reasonable

       9
         T.W. is G.V.’s long-time friend and neighbor. He testified that he hosted G.V.’s family at
his cabin on the Fourth of July and Labor Day weekends in 2009. He was surprised to learn of
C.S.’s disclosures in September of 2009, because C.S. appeared to enjoy her weekend in the
mountains just a few days before. He testified that G.V. treated C.S. as his daughter, and T.W.
never observed G.V. act inappropriately with C.S or make sexual comments to C.S.
                                                7
            and logical inferences that may be drawn from the evidence
            of record; the weight and credibility to be accorded to the
            evidence is solely within the province of the attorney
            examiner as fact finder.

Id. at 856. The consistent testimony of a victim of child abuse can support the
findings of fact upon which a determination that an indicated report was accurate can
be made. D.T. v. Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 873 A.2d 850 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2005); K.J. v.
Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 767 A.2d 609 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2001).
            Here, the ALJ was faced with a “he said/she said” situation and credited
the testimony of C.S. and Gerber. The ALJ relied on the credited testimony to
conclude that sexual abuse or exploitation occurred because G.V. engaged in activity
that was consistent with indecent assault under Sections 3101(a) and 3126(a) of the
Crimes Code. The ALJ held that rubbing and looking at C.S.’s buttocks, fondling her
breasts, and attempting to touch her genitals, was motivated for G.V.’s and/or C.S.’s
sexual gratification, because there were no health reasons offered for the contact and
because of where G.V. touched or attempted to touch C.S. Taking the testimony and
the reasonable inferences drawn therefrom in favor of the prevailing party, there is
substantial evidence to support the ALJ’s findings.
            An indicated child abuse report can be based exclusively on a child
protective service investigation. K.J. The fact that G.V. provided other explanations
for his contact with C.S. is of no moment where the ALJ did not credit those
explanations. Finally, although there may have been no “direct” evidence that G.V.
or C.S. experienced sexual gratification from the conduct or that such conduct was
for the purpose of arousing sexual gratification, such finding is reasonably inferable
from the evidence the ALJ cited. Because there was substantial evidence to sustain
the indicated report of child abuse, BHA did not err by denying G.V.’s child abuse
expungement appeal.



                                          8
Based on the foregoing, we affirm the BHA’s order.


                                ___________________________
                                ANNE E. COVEY, Judge




                            9
             IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA


G.V.,                                  :
                        Petitioner     :
                                       :
            v.                         :
                                       :
Department of Public Welfare,          :   No. 125 C.D. 2011
                       Respondent      :


                                     ORDER


            AND NOW, this 17th day of December, 2015, the Department of Public
Welfare, Bureau of Hearings and Appeals’ December 29, 2010 order is affirmed.


                                           ___________________________
                                           ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
