J-A21006-19


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA             :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                          :
              v.                          :
                                          :
                                          :
 JUSTIN RANSOME                           :
                                          :
                   Appellant              :   No. 3467 EDA 2018

       Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 21, 2018
 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
                     No(s): CP-51-CR-0002099-2017


BEFORE: BOWES, J., OLSON, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.:                               Filed: March 23, 2020

     Justin Ransome appeals from his June 21, 2018 judgment of sentence

after a jury found him guilty of first-degree murder and possessing an

instrument of crime (“PIC”). We affirm.

     The trial court offered the following summary of the facts of this case:

            In the course of a romantic relationship with Kerrianne
     Parrish, [Appellant] moved into her home at 2274 East Cambria
     Street, in Philadelphia.     Her brother, decedent Kole Parrish
     [(“victim”)], also lived in Kerrianne Parrish’s home. On February
     18, 2017, at approximately 1:46 a.m., inside the above residence,
     [Appellant] got into a heated argument with [victim]. While in the
     kitchen, the verbal argument escalated into a physical altercation
     between the men. During the ensuing fight, [Appellant] pulled a
     knife from the breast pocket of his coat and stabbed [victim]
     twenty-one times.

            At approximately 2:00 a.m. that morning [Appellant] texted
     his girlfriend, Kerrianne Parrish, and stated that he had “had
     enough” of [victim]. Alarmed, Ms. Parrish left her place of
     employment and rushed home, she observed [Appellant] leaving
     the crime scene, and that her home was in complete disarray. She
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        discovered [victim] lying on his stomach in the kitchen,
        motionless, and covered in his own blood. Ms. Parrish then called
        911 for emergency assistance. The paramedics arrived and
        pronounced [victim] dead at the scene. Ms. Parrish gave police
        officers a statement, and identified her boyfriend, [Appellant], as
        the person who fatally stabbed her brother, [victim].

               An autopsy was performed by Dr. Sam Gulino, Chief Medical
        Examiner for the City of Philadelphia.        He concluded to a
        reasonable degree of medical certainty, that the cause of death
        was multiple stab wounds, and the manner of death was homicide.
        [Victim] sustained twenty-one (21) stab wounds to his torso that
        included injuries to his back, lungs, heart, liver and small
        intestines, associated with excessive bleeding into his chest and
        abdominal cavities. [Victim] also sustained stab wounds to his
        left thigh and multiple “defensive wounds” to his hands and
        forearms. Evidence was recovered from the crime scene and later
        analyzed in the Office of Forensic Science. The evidence collected
        at the crime scene positively matched the DNA profiles of
        [Appellant and victim], respectively. The fatal injuries [victim]
        sustained were consistent with the knife used and owned by
        [Appellant].

Trial Court Opinion, 1/23/19, at 2-3 (citations omitted).

        Appellant was arrested less than a block from the scene, carrying a knife

with the victim’s blood on it.          See N.T. Jury Trial, 6/19/18, at 198-99.

Appellant was charged with the aforementioned crimes, waived his Miranda1

rights, and gave a videotaped statement to police.          See N.T. Jury Trial,

6/20/18, at 32-33, 93. In his statement, Appellant admitted to stabbing the

victim multiple times, but claimed that he did so in self-defense after the

victim attacked him. Id. at 33. The police took photographs of Appellant’s

face, torso, hands, and neck which depicted minor injuries. See N.T. Jury

Trial, 6/19/18, at 133-34. Appellant also told police that he did not call 911
____________________________________________


1   Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966).

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and did not care if the victim was alive after the stabbing. See N.T. Jury Trial,

6/20/18, at 30, 89.

      On June 18, 2018, Appellant proceeded to a jury trial at which Appellant

testified and again stated that he acted in self-defense after the victim

attacked him. On June 21, 2018, a jury convicted Appellant of first-degree

murder and PIC.       The trial court immediately proceeded to sentencing,

imposing a mandatory term of life imprisonment without the possibility of

parole at the murder charge and a concurrent two and one-half to five years

of incarceration at the possession of an instrument of crime conviction.

Appellant filed a timely post-sentence motion and, on August 21, 2018, filed

a supplemental post-sentence motion. The trial court denied Appellant’s post-

sentence motion on October 18, 2018.

      Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal and complied with the trial

court’s directive to file a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal

pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). The trial court issued its Rule 1925(a) opinion.

      On appeal, Appellant raises the following issues for our review:

      1.    In a self-defense matter, did the Commonwealth violate
            Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963) and its progeny,
            by failing to disclose [victim’s] record of domestic violence
            convictions, outstanding arrest warrant, and court ordered
            anger management counseling and an exculpatory
            photograph depicting injuries far more severe than the
            injuries available in discovery and shown to the jury at trial?

      2.    Did the trial court err in permitting the Commonwealth to
            admit improper character evidence in the form of a catalog
            photograph which pictured a knife and referenced a fight,



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            where the photograph was highly prejudicial, and no
            foundation was laid relating to the photograph?

      3.    Did the court err by cutting off [Appellant’s] testimony about
            the [victim’s] history of violent behavior and making violent
            comments, to prevent “bashing” the [victim]?

      4.    Was the evidence legally insufficient to refute a claim of self-
            defense where the Commonwealth improperly relied on the
            number of wounds sustained by [victim], without
            establishing which wound would have ended the conflict,
            and relief instead on simply attacking [Appellant’s]
            credibility?

Appellant’s brief at 2-3.

      Appellant’s first issue implicates two potential violations under Brady v.

Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963).               First, Appellant alleges that the

Commonwealth should have provided him with the victim’s criminal record

from Washington, D.C.       Second, Appellant argues that the Commonwealth

improperly withheld a photograph of Appellant’s injuries. We take each issue

in turn.

      The legal principles that guide our review in this context have been

articulated by our Supreme Court:

      There are three components of a true Brady violation: [t]he
      evidence must be favorable to the accused, either because it is
      exculpatory, or because it is impeaching; that evidence must have
      been suppressed by the State, either willfully or inadvertently;
      and prejudice must have ensued.

Commonwealth v. Natividad, 200 A.3d 11, 25 (Pa. 2019) (quoting

Strickler v. Greene, 527 U.S. 263, 281-82 (1999)). The evidence at issue

must have been “material evidence that deprived the defendant of a fair trial.”


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Commonwealth v. Johnson, 815 A.2d 563, 573 (Pa. 2002).                “Favorable

evidence is material, and constitutional error results from its suppression by

the government, if there is a reasonable probability that, had the evidence

been disclosed to the defense, the result of the proceeding would have been

different. A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine

confidence in the outcome.” Id.

      Importantly, the burden rests with Appellant to prove that the

Commonwealth withheld or suppressed favorable evidence. Commonwealth

v. Spotz, 18 A.3d 244, 276 (Pa. 2011). There is no Brady violation “when

the defendant knew or, with reasonable diligence, could have uncovered the

evidence in question, or when the evidence was available to the defense from

non-governmental sources.” Commonwealth v. Paddy, 800 A.2d 294, 305

(Pa. 2002). This is because “Brady sets forth a limited duty, not a general

rule of discovery for criminal cases.” Commonwealth v. Rooney, 79 A.3d

595, 608 (Pa. 2013). Additionally, “[a] reviewing court is not to review the

evidence in isolation, but, rather, the omission is to be evaluated in the context

of the entire record.” Commonwealth v. Dennis, 17 A.3d 297, 309 (Pa.

2011) (citing Commonwealth v. Small, 741 A.2d 666, 675–76 (Pa. 1999)).

The factual background pertinent to this claim is as follows.

      According to the docket sheets attached to Appellant’s supplemental

post-sentence motion, victim was convicted of violating a Civil Protection

Order (“CPO”), and sentenced on October 17, 2014 to a six-month suspended


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sentence followed by a one-year term of probation, during which time he

would undergo anger management classes and have no contact with the

mother of his child about anything other than the health and welfare of their

child. See Supplemental Post-Sentence Motion, 8/21/18, at Exhibit C. On

May 26, 2015, victim pled guilty to a second charge for violating a CPO. See

Supplemental Post-Sentence Motion, 8/21/18, at Exhibit D. The second case

resulted in a ten-day jail term followed by two years of probation. Id. After

victim failed to appear for a probation revocation hearing, a bench warrant

was issued for his arrest on January 22, 2016. Id. Appellant alleges that the

Commonwealth had a duty to turn over the victim’s criminal record in D.C.

prior to trial.

       The Commonwealth, on the other hand, contends that Appellant has

failed to prove that the Commonwealth possessed the information, that it was

not equally accessible to him, or explained how the victim’s actions in the prior

case were similar in nature and not too distant in time to be admissible at

trial. See Commonwealth’s brief at 15, 17. We agree.

       Appellant has not alleged or proven, as he is required to do, that the

D.C. criminal dockets were in the Commonwealth’s possession, let alone in

their exclusive possession. See Commonwealth v. Carson, 913 A.2d 220,

244-45 (Pa. 2006) (explaining that the Commonwealth is only responsible for

turning over exculpatory or impeachment evidence from its own files or the

police files of the government bringing the prosecution). This failure alone is


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fatal to his Brady claim. See Commonwealth v. Tharp, 101 A.3d 736, 752

(Pa. 2014) (finding that the Commonwealth does not violate Brady when it

does not disclose a criminal record that the accused could have obtained);

see also Commonwealth v. Brown, 872 A.2d 1139, 1148 (Pa. 2005)

(reiterating that the Commonwealth does not infringe on Brady by not turning

over a victim’s criminal history, which is equally accessible to the defense).

      Additionally, Appellant’s allegation that he was unaware that the victim

had a criminal record in D.C., so that he could not have discovered this

information sooner, appears disingenuous. At trial, Appellant testified that

the victim “told him that he had some problems with [his] child’s mother, did

something in DC and wasn’t allowed to go back.” N.T. Jury Trial, 6/20/18, at

8. He also testified that the victim was in a “messed up situation” in which

his child’s mother prevented him from seeing his child.          Id. at 12-13.

Therefore, while Appellant did not explain what the “something” was and did

not explicitly say that the D.C. court system had become involved in the

“messed up situation,” his testimony suggests awareness that the victim had

a history with law enforcement in D.C. Consequently, his failure to question

or investigate this known source of information, until after the trial concluded,

was the real reason that this information, which he later acquired on his own,

was unavailable to him at trial.     Accordingly, Appellant has also failed to

demonstrate that he was unaware of the information pretrial or that it was




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not equally available to the defense and prosecution, and this claim lacks

merit.

       Regarding     the    photograph         displaying   Appellant’s   injuries,   the

Commonwealth asserts, and Appellant concedes, that the photograph

allegedly withheld from the defense was published in the newspaper shortly

after his arrest. See Appellant’s brief at 35; Commonwealth’s brief at 22;

Appellant’s reply brief at 10.         Appellant’s concession that there was an

obvious, available source whereby he could have acquired this photograph

pretrial, renders his Brady claim meritless. The purpose of Brady is to ensure

that defendants have access to exculpatory evidence known only to the

government. Therefore, it necessarily follows that no Brady violation occurs

if the evidence in question is available to the defense from non-governmental

sources such as a public newspaper. Paddy, supra at 305. Publication of

the allegedly exculpatory photograph in the local newspaper negated any

possibility that such evidence was suppressed by the prosecution.2 For these

reasons, both of his Brady claims fail.


____________________________________________


2 Even if the photograph was not published in the newspaper, Appellant would
not be entitled to any relief. While the jury may not have viewed this exact
photo, it did hear from Appellant about his injuries, saw remarkably similar
photographs of Appellant’s face which depicted the same minor bruising as
the photograph at issue, and watched a video which depicted a police
photographer taking photographs of Appellant’s injuries at the time that he
gave his statement. See Commonwealth’s brief at 23-24. Thus, Appellant
has not shown that there is a reasonable probability that, had the photograph
been shown to the jury at trial, the result of the proceeding would have been
different.

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      In his second issue, Appellant attacks the Commonwealth’s admission

of a photograph depicting the cover of a knife catalogue as unfairly prejudicial.

However, a review of the trial transcript reveals that the defense did not

contemporaneously object to the admission of this photograph at trial. While

initially trial counsel objected to the admission of the photograph as a violation

of discovery rules, when it was brought to his attention that he did receive

this photograph in discovery, counsel withdrew his objection. See N.T. Jury

Trial, 6/20/18, at 76.   Therefore, Appellant did not preserve this issue for

appellate review and we are barred from considering it. See Commonwealth

v. Bruce, 916 A.2d 657, 671 (Pa.Super. 2007) (holding that a “failure to offer

a timely and specific objection results in waiver of” the claim).

      In his third issue, Appellant claims that the trial court erred when it

curtailed his testimony about his reasons for fearing the victim.            See

Appellant’s brief at 45. Without explaining what information he was barred

from revealing to the jury, Appellant cites to sections of his direct examination,

which we have reproduced below:

      Q.    Remember, [Appellant], we weren’t there. So you have to
            take us through.

      A.    Well, we were walking one day. I believe it was maybe a
            week after I came there and he started like really bashing
            on women. And I’m just thinking to myself like, okay, your
            mother’s a woman, your sister’s a woman. You are a father
            to a young woman, you know. What’s your problem with
            women?

      Q.    Did you say that to him, or is that what you were thinking?


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     A.     Well, I was thinking that at first. And then I – like a little
            bit later on I came to him and I asked him why he doesn’t
            have a girlfriend, and he said something to –

     [Prosecutor]: Objection to whatever [victim] said.

     [Defense counsel]: It goes to the res gestae of their relationship.

     The Court: Let me see you for a second.

     ....

     Q.     [Appellant] did you have any altercations or arguments with
            [victim] before February 18th?

     A.     I don’t know if this would count as an argument, but one
            day I got a text, and I was kind of upset about the text
            because I had missed it. It was my daughter who texted
            me and I was just, you know, saying something to myself,
            you know what I mean? Like I wish I could see my
            daughter, or something. He was like –

     [Prosecutor]: Objection[.]

     [Defense counsel]:    He’s answering my question, was there an
     altercation.

     The Court: Did he or did he not? Hold on for a second, ladies and
     gentlemen. Let me see the three of you.

     ....

     Q.     Okay. There were squabbles, right? Nonsense roommate
            stuff, right?

     A.     I wouldn’t call threatening the life of the mother of my
            children a squabble.

     [Prosecutor]: Objection, Your Honor, to the non[-]responsive
     nature of [Appellant’s] answer to that question.

     The Court: Objection sustained.




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N.T. Jury Trial, 6/20/18, at 13-16, 35-36. The trial court later reversed its

ruling and re-read Appellant’s response of “I wouldn’t call threatening the life

of the mother of my children a squabble” to the jury. Id. at 98-99.

       Generally, in reviewing a trial court’s ruling on the admissibility of

evidence, our standard of review is one of deference. Commonwealth v.

Hunzer, 868 A.2d 498, 510 (Pa.Super. 2005). “Questions concerning the

admissibility of evidence lie within the sound discretion of the trial court, and

[a reviewing court] will not reverse the court’s decision on such a question

absence a clear abuse of discretion.” Commonwealth v. Chmiel, 738 A.2d

406, 414 (Pa. 1999). An abuse of discretion is not a mere error in judgment

but,   rather,   involves   bias,   ill     will,   partiality,   prejudice   manifest

unreasonableness, or misapplication of law. Commonwealth v. Cox, 115

A.3d 333, 336 (Pa.Super. 2015). Additionally, we may affirm the trial court’s

ruling on any basis supported by the record. Commonwealth v. Johnson,

160 A.3d 127, 144 (Pa. 2017).

       The trial court found that Appellant’s claim was meritless since it only

limited testimony that was unresponsive to trial counsel’s questions and

allowed Appellant to testify about the victim’s history of violent behavior and

violent comments. See Trial Court Opinion, 1/23/19, at 9. Additionally, the

trial court points out that it reversed one of the rulings, allowing the jury to

consider Appellant’s statement that “I wouldn’t call threatening the life of the

mother of my children a squabble.” Id.; See also N.T. Jury Trial, 6/20/18,


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at 98-99. The Commonwealth agrees with the trial court’s assessment and

further counters that Appellant’s claim is insufficiently developed, since he has

never proffered what testimony he was allegedly barred from giving the jury.

Commonwealth’s brief at 35.      Thus, any attempt by an appellate court to

assess the substance of this claim is speculative. Id.

      We agree with the Commonwealth’s assessment that Appellant has

failed to proffer what evidence he was excluded from sharing with the jury.

Further, a review of the trial transcript supports the trial court’s finding that

Appellant did testify at length about the victim’s alleged violent behavior and

comments over the course of their relationship.       See Trial Court Opinion,

1/23/19, at 9. Prior to the night of the homicide, Appellant testified about

how the victim had repeatedly insulted him by asserting that Appellant needed

to get a job, claiming Appellant “was not good enough for his sister,” making

a “dig” at Appellant’s mother, threatening the life of his daughter’s mother,

locking him out of the house, and violently bursting through Appellant’s

bedroom door in order to demand that Appellant do the dishes. N.T. Jury

Trial, 6/20/18, at 12, 17, 23, 25, 36. Based on these facts, the victim’s larger

stature, his prior military experience, and “other things I know about him,”

Appellant explained why he felt afraid of the victim. Id. at 12, 17-19, 40.

      Appellant told the jury that on the night of the homicide, the victim

initiated the fight, attacking him first. Id. at 19-20. Appellant explained the

following.   He had been outside smoking a cigarette when the victim


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reportedly “yanked” him back inside the house, demanding “what I tell you

about the F’n dishes?”      Id. at 19.     The victim then aggressively snatched

cigarettes from Appellant’s hand, before he started “slamming” Appellant

against the microwave. Id. Appellant “ate his punches,” before attempting

to flee the house. Id. at 28, 58. However, the victim impeded his flight by

grabbing him from behind, and placing him into a “guillotine chokehold.” Id.

at 28, 58-59, 62-63. At this point, Appellant feared the victim would break

his neck and decided that his only option was to stab the victim twenty-one

times to “get him to stop.” Id. at 28.

      The record demonstrates that Appellant was given the opportunity to

substantiate his self-defense theory of the case with his own testimony by

detailing all of the prior negative encounters that he had with the victim, in

addition to his own perspective of what happened on the night in question.

The jury, as it was entitled to do, chose to discredit it. Given the record before

us, and no proffer from Appellant as to what testimony was excluded, we find

that the trial court did not err when it found that Appellant was not entitled to

any relief on this issue.

      Fourth, Appellant alleges that the Commonwealth presented insufficient

evidence to refute Appellant’s justification defense to first-degree murder,

when it failed to specify which of the twenty-one knife wounds incapacitated

the victim. See Appellant’s brief at 45-46. The Commonwealth responds that

Appellant’s claim is meritless, since the jury was not required to believe the


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testimony of Appellant merely because he asserted self-defense. Also, the

Commonwealth presented other evidence in addition to the large number of

stab wounds which countered Appellant’s defense. See Commonwealth’s brief

at 39-41.    We disagree with Appellant’s characterization of the medical

examiner’s testimony and find that the Commonwealth presented sufficient

evidence to rebut Appellant’s self-defense theory.

      Our standard of review when considering a challenge to the sufficiency

of the evidence is:

      Whether viewing all the evidence admitted at trial in the light most
      favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient evidence to
      enable the fact-finder to find every element of the crime beyond
      a reasonable doubt. In applying the above test, we may not weigh
      the evidence and substitute our judgment for the fact-finder. In
      addition, we note that the facts and circumstances established by
      the Commonwealth need not preclude every possibility of
      innocence. Any doubts regarding a defendant’s guilt may be
      resolved by the fact-finder unless the evidence is so weak and
      inconclusive that as a matter of law no probability of fact may be
      drawn from the combined circumstances. The Commonwealth
      may sustain its burden of proving every element of the crime
      beyond a reasonable doubt by means of wholly circumstantial
      evidence. Moreover, in applying the above test, the entire record
      must be evaluated and all evidence actually received must be
      considered. Finally, the finder of fact while passing upon the
      credibility of witnesses and the weight of the evidence produced,
      is free to believe all, part or none of the evidence.

Commonwealth v. Gause, 164 A.3d 532, 540-41 (Pa.Super. 2017)

(citations and quotation marks omitted).

      In order to prove that a person committed first-degree murder, the

Commonwealth must establish that a human being has been unlawfully killed,

that the accused killed him, and that the accused acted with the specific intent

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to kill. 18 Pa.C.S. § 2501(a). Importantly, a fact-finder can infer a specific

intent to kill from the use of a deadly weapon on a vital part of a victim’s body.

Commonwealth v. Mitchell, 902 A.2d 430, 440 (Pa. 2006).

      When a defendant asserts self-defense, the Commonwealth bears the

burden of disproving it.     Commonwealth v. Smith, 97 A.3d 782, 787

(Pa.Super. 2014). The Commonwealth may discredit a self-defense theory by

showing, inter alia, that a defendant’s use of force exceeded the amount

necessary to protect himself from serious bodily injury, the presence of

defensive wounds on the victim’s body, the absence of anything other than

minor injuries to the defendant, and by discrediting the defendant’s version of

events. Commonwealth v. Truong, 36 A.3d 592, 599-60 (Pa.Super. 2012)

(en banc) (concluding that evidence was sufficient to disprove self-defense

where the defendant stabbed the victim nineteen times and did not sustain

any major injuries); see also Commonwealth v. Ward, 188 A.3d 1301,

1305 (Pa.Super. 2018) (holding evidence was sufficient to disprove self-

defense where defendant shot the victim in the head, made false statements

to police about what happened, and attempted to hide physical evidence).

      Here, the record establishes that the Commonwealth presented

substantial physical and testimonial evidence, which, if the jury accepted it as

true, would have defeated Appellant’s self-defense theory. While the medical

examiner could not testify to the precise order in which each wound was

inflicted, he was able to opine that twelve of the twenty-one stab wounds that


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the victim received were fatal, since they struck the victim’s vital organs. N.T.

Jury Trial, 6/19/18, at 147-48. These wounds, and in particular the one that

struck the victim’s superior vena cava, would have caused immediate massive

blood loss such that the victim would have likely died within minutes of

receiving it. Id. at 154-55. In addition, the victim sustained a deep stab

wound to his lower back, which the medical examiner testified would have

been difficult, if not impossible for Appellant to inflict while in a chokehold.

Id. at 167, 169. Finally, the victim sustained extensive defensive wounds on

the back of his arms, hands, wrists, palms, and fingers.        Id. at 155-66.

Appellant, however, suffered minor injuries to his hands consistent with

wielding a knife, a busted lip, and bruises and scratches to his face. Id. at

125-27, 173-74. Importantly, there were no injuries visible on Appellant’s

neck. Id. at 127. When viewed in its entirety, the physical evidence alone

was sufficient to refute Appellant’s claims of self-defense.

      Additionally, Kerrianne Perrish testified that Appellant had told her he

had been in fights before and retaliated, that he had a number of hunting

knives, and always carried one. Id. at 97, 102-03. Appellant sent a Facebook

message to her at 1:46 a.m. on February 18th which stated “your brother just

attacked me. I had enough.” Id. at 85. When Ms. Perrish returned home at

2:34 a.m., Appellant was present, the victim was dead, the house was in

complete disarray, and there was blood everywhere. Id. at 90, 95. Appellant




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told Ms. Perrish that the victim had attacked him and then he left the premises.

Id. at 90, 95.

      When speaking with police, Appellant conceded that the victim was

unarmed and that he did not care if the victim was alive or dead. N.T. Jury

Trial, 6/20/18, at 84, 89. During his interview, he remarked that “the victim

is gonna come across the wrong person one day and he is gonna get hurt if

he keeps coming at people like that.” Id. at 89. While alone in the interview

room, Appellant opined out loud to himself that he had “told you to leave me

the fuck alone, dude. . . . You been doing this shit to my ass since day fucking

one.” Id. at 89-90. The foregoing statement contradicted Appellant’s trial

testimony, as well as Ms. Perrish’s testimony, that there had never been a

physical altercation between Appellant and the victim prior to the February

18th incident. Id. at 39; N.T. Jury Trial, 6/19/18, at 81.

      In sum, the Commonwealth introduced overwhelming evidence that

refuted Appellant’s claims of self-defense.     Additionally, Appellant’s own

testimony was in conflict with the physical evidence. The Commonwealth met

its burden of disproving Appellant’s self-defense theory, and it proved, beyond

a reasonable doubt, that Appellant committed first-degree murder.

      Finally, Appellant appears to have asserted an after-discovered evidence

claim in his reply brief.   See Appellant’s reply brief at 13.     Specifically,

Appellant alleges that the Commonwealth has recently turned over evidence

that shows that a different judge in the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas


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concluded that the detective who took his taped statement committed

misconduct in a different case when he “physically assaulted suspects, denied

them food, and pulled them out of the hospital despite severe injuries.” Id.

Appellant argues that this information entitles him to a new trial since it would

have supported his argument that inconsistencies existed between his trial

testimony and taped statement because the police denied his requests for

medical attention. Id. at 14. Appellant does not request a remand for an

evidentiary hearing to explore this issue. Instead, he asks that we consider

the detective’s misconduct “in [our] materiality analysis” because it could have

supported a suppression claim. Id. at 15. The Commonwealth counters that

Appellant’s vague request for us to consider this new evidence in some

undefined   way   with   regard   to    “materiality”   is   inappropriate.   See

Commonwealth’s sur-reply brief at 5. We agree with the Commonwealth.

      After-discovered evidence uncovered during the direct appeal process

must be raised promptly and should include a request to remand to the trial

judge. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 720(C). In order to obtain relief on a substantive

after-discovered evidence claim, a petitioner must demonstrate that: (1) the

evidence has been discovered after trial and it could not have been obtained

at or prior to trial through reasonable diligence; (2) the evidence is not

cumulative; (3) it is not being used solely to impeach credibility; and (4) it

would likely compel a different verdict.        Commonwealth v. Washington,

927 A.2d 586 (Pa. 2007).


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       In addition to Appellant’s improper request that we engage in a

materiality analysis of an unpreserved suppression claim, Appellant has failed

to request that we remand the case for an evidentiary hearing. However,

even if he had included the proper request in his reply brief, remand would be

unnecessary since Appellant’s pleading is so deficient that it would not allow

him to meet the threshold necessary to obtain an evidentiary hearing. In his

reply brief, Appellant has not included the relevant standard that he must

meet in order to obtain relief, nor has he structured his analysis accordingly.3

Therefore, Appellant’s failure to properly plead this claim necessitates waiver.

       Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 3/23/20




____________________________________________


3 For example, while Appellant claims that this information would have enabled
trial counsel to pursue a motion in limine to suppress his alleged coerced
confession, he has failed to proffer how such a motion would have changed
the outcome. Appellant’s entire taped statement was played for the jury.
Additionally, Appellant conceded that he never told detectives that he needed
medical attention during the taped interview and Appellant expressly adopted
his taped statement as an accurate summary of what happened. N.T. Jury
Trial, 6/20/18, at 33, 48-49.

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