J-S46005-17



NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                     PENNSYLVANIA


                   v.

WILMA LEE REDDER

                        Appellant                  No. 2110 MDA 2016


          Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence December 1, 2016
             In the Court of Common Pleas of Bradford County
            Criminal Division at No(s): CP-08-CR-0000059-2016


BEFORE: BOWES, J., OLSON, J., AND STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.:                             FILED JULY 26, 2017

      Wilma Lee Redder appeals from the judgment of sentence of five days

to six month’s imprisonment that was imposed after she was found guilty of

driving under the influence of alcohol (“DUI”)--general impairment.      We

affirm.

      At approximately 9:20 p.m. on November 25, 2015, Pennsylvania

State Trooper Albert Levanavage and Pennsylvania State Trooper Taylor

Smith were on patrol in separate police cruisers in Bradford County when

they were called to the scene of a suspicious vehicle on Congdon Road, in a

rural area located approximately five to seven miles from their location. Ten

to fifteen minutes later, the two officers found the vehicle in question,

Appellant’s Chevrolet S-10 pick-up truck, stopped on the side of Congdon


* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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Road in South Creek Township. Trooper Levanavage approached Appellant.

Trooper Levanavage detected the odor of alcohol, and Appellant thereafter

admitted to consuming that substance. Appellant failed a breathalyzer test

and field sobriety tests. Trooper Levanavage concluded that Appellant had

imbibed a sufficient amount of alcohol that she was not capable of safely

driving her car.   She consented to a blood draw, which was performed at

11:02 p.m. on November 25, 2015. The results of testing revealed that she

had a BAC of .148%.

      On December 17, 2015, Appellant was charged with DUI--general

impairment, DUI with a high rate of blood alcohol content (.148%), and

careless driving. On February 24, 2016, Appellant filed a motion for a writ of

habeas corpus, contending that the charges in question should be dismissed.

She averred that there was not sufficient proof to establish that she was in

actual physical control of the vehicle since she was parked when Trooper

Levanavage and Trooper Smith initiated their investigation.      An omnibus

pretrial hearing was held.

      Trooper Levanavage stated that, when he arrived on the scene, the

truck’s lights were not illuminated. The vehicle was running, and he viewed

exhaust emanating from the rear exhaust pipe.            Appellant, the sole

occupant, was in the driver’s seat with her dog in the rear of the passenger

compartment of the truck, and she admitted that she had traveled from

Wellsburg, New York. No other person was in the area, which was rural with

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a few nearby houses.        Defense counsel argued that Appellant’s truck was

parked, and that Appellant placed the keys in the ignition in order to roll

down the window to speak with Trooper Levanavage. Appellant maintained

that videos from the cruisers would support her claim that the truck was not

running when Trooper Levanavage arrived on the scene because they

showed no exhaust coming from her rear exhaust pipe despite the cold.

          Before ruling on the request for habeas corpus relief, the trial court

opted to view the videos from the two police cruisers. On June 9, 2016, the

trial court denied the petition for habeas corpus relief. The trial court noted

that the videos of the scene showed no exhaust emanating from any

vehicles depicted therein. It credited Trooper Levanavage’s testimony that,

when he approached the truck, the engine was running and found

unbelievable Appellant’s story that she placed the keys in the ignition only to

open her window. It therefore denied Appellant’s motion for habeas corpus

relief.

          Appellant then filed a motion to suppress the results of her BAC, and

the Commonwealth agreed to continue the prosecution without those

results, withdrawing the charge of DUI--high rate of alcohol. On September

19, 2016, at a nonjury trial, the trial court granted Appellant’s request to

dismiss the careless driving charge and found her guilty of DUI--general

impairment, second offense in ten years. She was sentenced on December

1, 2016, and this appeal followed.

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      Appellant’s brief does not contain a separate statement of issues

involved, but her contention on appeal is that “the court erred in denying the

pretrial motion of appellant that she did not have actual physical control of

her motor vehicle so as to be arrested for DUI.”       Appellant’s brief at 3.

Thus, her position is that the trial court should have granted her pretrial

habeas corpus motion since the Commonwealth never established that she

had actual physical control of her truck.

      A habeas corpus petition is the means by which a defendant

challenges whether the Commonwealth has adduced sufficient proof to

establish a prima facie case and can proceed to trial. Commonwealth v.

Marti, 779 A.2d 1177, 1179 n.1 (Pa.Super. 2001). Once there has been an

adjudication of guilt, any allegation that the Commonwealth failed to

establish a prima facie case with respect to a crime is rendered moot.

Commonwealth v. Lee, 662 A.2d 645, 650 (Pa. 1995); Commonwealth

v. McCullough, 461 A.2d 1229 (Pa. 1983); Commonwealth v. Ballard,

460 A.2d 1091 (Pa. 1983). Hence, the issue, as framed by Appellant, is not

properly before us.    Instead, at this point in the proceeding, the proper

inquiry is whether the evidence produced at the non-jury trial was sufficient

to sustain the factfinder’s determination that Appellant was in actual physical

control of her truck so as to sustain the general impairment conviction.

      We normally would be unable to review that question because

Appellant did not order the trial transcript, and it is not in the record.

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Commonwealth v. Preston, 904 A.2d 1 (Pa.Super. 2006) (it is the

appellant’s responsibility to order transcripts necessary to conduct judicial

review of issue raised on appeal and failure to order those transcripts results

in waiver). However, the habeas transcript is available, and the videos of

the incident from the two police cruisers are contained in the certified

record. We note, “When reviewing a sufficiency claim the court is required

to view the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict winner giving

the prosecution the benefit of all reasonable inferences to be drawn from the

evidence.” Commonwealth v. Chambers, 157 A.3d 508, 512 (Pa.Super.

2017) (citation omitted).

      Trooper Levanavage reported that Appellant’s truck was running when

he approached it, and the videos, contrary to Appellant’s assertion on

appeal, do not refute his testimony. The videos were filmed at night, with

only headlights illuminating the scene. Officer Smith was following Officer

Levanavage down Congdon Road. The area was wooded with a few houses

interspersed among the trees. No people were in the area. Trooper Smith’s

video does not show the exhaust that was emanating from Trooper

Levanavage’s cruiser when the vehicles were traveling along the road.

      When they found Appellant’s truck, Officer Smith pulled over and

parked his cruiser facing Appellant’s truck. Officer Levanavage drove past

Appellant, stopped, reversed his cruiser, and then stopped again parallel to

the truck with his video pointed toward the road. Officer Smith’s video did

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not capture the exhaust emanating from Officer Levanavage’s cruiser while

Officer Levanavage’s cruiser was backing up and being placed in park, even

though the exhaust pipe on the cruiser was closer to Officer Smith’s vehicle

than the exhaust pipe from Appellant’s truck. Thus, the fact that there was

no exhaust coming from the tail pipe of Appellant’s truck is of no

consequence.     The video simply failed to reveal the exhaust coming from

any vehicle.    The video from Officer Smith’s cruiser does show Appellant

reaching to the right after Officer Levanavage stopped his cruiser beside her

truck, but Appellant’s hand and body were obscured.          It was not evident

whether she was reaching for something or placing something to her right,

and the object in question was not displayed in the video.

      The evidence was sufficient to sustain Appellant’s general impairment

conviction.    Pennsylvania's DUI statute provides, in pertinent part, that a

person “may not drive, operate or be in actual physical control of the

movement of a vehicle after imbibing a sufficient amount of alcohol such

that the individual is rendered incapable of safely driving, operating or being

in actual physical control of the movement of the vehicle.” 75 Pa.C.S. §

3802(a)(1).     Whether a person has operated or been in actual physical

control of his vehicle is determined by the totality of the circumstances and

can be established by circumstantial proof. Commonwealth v. Williams,

941 A.2d 14, 27 (2008).      The following factors are utilized in making this




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assessment: “the motor running, the location of the vehicle, and additional

evidence showing that the defendant had driven the vehicle.” Id.

     In this case, the video demonstrates that Appellant was sitting in the

driver’s seat of a truck that was stopped on the berm of a remote rural road

at night; there were no bars in the vicinity.        At the habeas corpus

proceeding, Officer Levanavage testified that the truck was running when he

approached it, and that Appellant indicated that she traveled from

Wellsburg, New York.        Thus, the record is sufficient to establish that

Appellant was in actual physical control of her truck.   Commonwealth v.

Brotherson,    888   A.2d    901   (Pa.Super.   2005);   Commonwealth     v.

Williams, 871 A.2d 254 (Pa.Super. 2005).

     Judgment of sentence affirmed.



Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 7/26/2017




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