     09-2185-cv(L)
     Gurvey v. Cowan, Liebowitz & Latman, P.C., et al.

                                           UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                              FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                                   SUMMARY ORDER
     Rulings by summary order do not have precedential effect. Citation to a summary order filed
     on or after January 1, 2007, is permitted and is governed by Federal Rule of Appellate
     Procedure 32.1 and this court’s Local Rule 32.1.1. When citing a summary order in a document
     filed with this court, a party must cite either the Federal Appendix or an electronic database
     (with the notation “summary order”). A party citing a summary order must serve a copy of it
     on any party not represented by counsel.

 1          At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the
 2   Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse, 500 Pearl Street, in the City of New York,
 3   on the 10th day of February, two thousand twelve.
 4
 5   PRESENT:
 6
 7              AMALYA L. KEARSE,
 8              JOSÉ A. CABRANES,
 9              ROBERT D. SACK,
10                                   Circuit Judges.
11   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -x
12   AMY R. GURVEY,
13
14                        Plaintiff-Appellant,
15
16                        -v.-                                                                  Nos.   09-2185-cv(L)
17                                                                                                     10-4111 (Con)
18   COWAN, LIEBOWITZ & LATMAN, P.C., CLEAR
19   CHANNEL COMMUNICATIONS, INC., LIVE
20   NATION, INC., INSTANT LIVE CONCERTS, LLC,
21   NEXTICKETING, INC., WILLIAM
22   BORCHARD, MIDGE HYMAN, BAILA
23   CELEDONIA, CHRISTOPHER JENSEN, DALE
24   HEAD, STEVE SIMON, MICHAEL GORDON,
25   and SUSAN SCHICK,
26
27                        Defendants-Appellees.1
28   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -x


     1
         The Clerk is directed to amend the official caption as indicated above.
                                                                           1
 1   FOR APPELLANT:                                                          Amy R. Gurvey, pro se, Upper
 2                                                                           Montclair, N.J.
 3
 4   For APPELLEES:                                                          J. Richard Supple, Jr., Hinshaw &
 5                                                                           Culbertson LLP, New York, N.Y.,
 6                                                                           for Cowan, Liebowitz & Latman
 7                                                                           PC, William Borchard, Midge
 8                                                                           Hyman, Baila Celedonia, and
 9                                                                           Christopher Jensen;
10
11                                                                           Samara L. Kline (Melissa
12                                                                           Armstrong, on the brief), Baker
13                                                                           Botts LLP, Dallas, Texas, for Live
14                                                                           Nation, Inc., InstantLive
15                                                                           Concerts, LLC, NexTicketing,
16                                                                           LLC, and Clear Channel
17                                                                           Communications, Inc.
18
19           Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New

20   York (Barbara S. Jones, Judge).

21

22           UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND

23   DECREED that the judgment of the District Court be AFFIRMED in part and VACATED and

24   REMANDED in part.

25           Plaintiff-appellant Amy R. Gurvey appeals from the District Court’s April 23, 2009 judgment

26   dismissing her third amended complaint (“TAC”) pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). We assume the

27   parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts and the procedural history of the case, some of which we

28   briefly reiterate here.

29                                               BACKGROUND

30           In February 2006 Gurvey filed her initial complaint in this action, principally asserting claims of

31   misappropriation of trade secrets against all defendants named in the complaint, fraud and breach of

32   fiduciary duty against her attorney, Cowan, Liebowitz & Latman LLC (“Cowan”), and unfair


                                                          2
 1   competition and interference with prospective economic advantage against Cowan, Clear Channel

 2   Communications (“CCC”), InstantLive, and Live Nation, Inc. (“Live Nation”). Gurvey did not serve

 3   the complaint on the defendants at that time.

 4               Four months later, in June 2006, Gurvey filed an amended complaint, which added a subsidiary

 5   of CCC as a defendant, as well as, inter alia, claims of malpractice against Cowan. Gurvey served the

 6   first amended complaint on all defendants, and attached a copy of the original complaint.

 7               Later, on March 4, 2008, Gurvey filed her third2 amended complaint, which forms the basis of

 8   this appeal. The TAC added as defendants several partners of and one associate employed by Cowan

 9   (together with Cowan, the “Cowan Defendants”), several executives of the corporate defendants, and

10   Michael Gordon, the bass guitarist for the rock band “Phish.” The TAC also asserted numerous claims

11   against various defendants for, inter alia, misappropriation of trade secrets, unfair competition, breach of

12   fiduciary duty, tortious interference with a contract, tortious interference with prospective economic

13   relations, attorney malpractice, violations of Section 2 of the Sherman Act,3 violations of state antitrust

14   laws, and violations of the Lanham Act.4

15               On April 23, 2009, the District Court dismissed the TAC in its entirety.5 Gurvey v. Cowan,

16   Liebowitz & Latman, P.C., No. 06 Civ. 1202, 2009 WL 1117278 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 24, 2009) (“Gurvey II”).


     2
      Gurvey, who filed her initial complaint pro se, moved on October 10, 2006 to file a second amended complaint. While that
     motion was still pending, Gurvey retained counsel and requested leave to file a third amended complaint. The District Court
     granted permission to file a third amended complaint, deeming the pro se motion moot. Gurvey v. Cowan, Liebowitz & Latman,
     No. 06 Civ. 1202, Docket No. 41, at 2 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 23, 2008) (order granting permission to file third amended complaint).
     3
         15 U.S.C. § 2, et seq.
     4
         15 U.S.C. § 1051, et seq.
     5
      On March 16, 2009, the District Court dismissed the action against CCC and Live Nation for lack of personal jurisdiction
     under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(2). See Gurvey v. Cowan, Liebowitz & Latman, P.C., No. 06 Civ. 1202, 2009 WL 691056 (S.D.N.Y.
     Mar. 17, 2009) (“Gurvey I”). Although Gurvey claims that this dismissal constituted reversible error, she failed to include in
     her Notice of Appeal her intent to appeal from this order. See Gurvey, No. 06 Civ. 1202, Docket No. 83 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 23,
     2010) (Notice of Appeal). We therefore do not have jurisdiction to decide her claim that the District Court erred by
     dismissing her claims against CCC and Live Nation for lack of personal jurisdiction. See Shrader v. CSX Transp., Inc., 70 F.3d
     255, 256 (2d Cir. 1995).
                                                                    3
 1   The court determined that Gurvey’s claims of misappropriation of trade secrets, unfair competition, and

 2   tortious interference with contract claims were time-barred. The court also determined that her state

 3   and federal antitrust claims, as well as her unjust enrichment claim, had been inadequately pleaded. It

 4   further found that Gurvey’s false advertising claims under the Lanham Act were related to the

 5   authorship of her allegedly proprietary ideas and therefore were not properly the subject of an action

 6   under the Lanham Act.

 7              With respect to Gurvey’s claims for tortious interference with prospective economic relations,

 8   the court concluded that Gurvey’s allegations—that, because Cowan illegally revealed her proprietary

 9   information and trade secrets to CCC and Live Nation, she lost the opportunity to complete a private

10   placement offering of securities to be issued by her own company—were too vague to give rise to a

11   plausible claim for relief. The court determined that the TAC neglected to allege that defendants knew

12   of Gurvey’s private placement opportunity when they allegedly wrongfully interfered with the

13   opportunity, and therefore dismissed the tortious interference claim.

14              Finally, with respect to Gurvey’s legal malpractice claims against the Cowan defendants, the

15   court concluded that Gurvey had offered only “vague and non-actionable challenges” to defendants’

16   legal representation. Gurvey’s allegation that defendants had failed to protect the confidentiality of her

17   trade secrets was not premised on “anything more than speculation” and did not present a challenge to

18   the actual quality of defendants’ legal representation. In addition, Gurvey’s allegation of a conflict of

19   interest did not include any detail as to the supposed conflict. Moreover, the court determined that

20   Gurvey had failed to identify the precise damages she had suffered or how defendants’ legal

21   representation had actually caused these damages. Gurvey’s breach of fiduciary duty claims against the

22   Cowan defendants were dismissed for similar reasons.6

     6
         The District Court also dismissed Gurvey’s claim for an accounting because an accounting is a remedy, not a separate claim.


                                                                     4
 1            On appeal Gurvey argues that the District Court abused its discretion by (1) failing to adjudicate

 2   her April 2010 Rule 60(b) motion which, inter alia, sought leave to file a fourth amended complaint; (2)

 3   dismissing her claims against the defendants for misappropriation of her trade secrets, violation of the

 4   federal and state unfair competition and antitrust laws, tortious interference with her contractual and

 5   business relations, and attorney malpractice and breach of fiduciary duty; (3) not issuing a formal order

 6   with respect to the Cowan defendants’ motion to compel arbitration and stay all proceedings pending

 7   arbitration; (4) failing to enter on the docket and adjudicate her requests to “reinstate” discovery; (5)

 8   granting Live Nation’s and CCC’s motions to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction; (6) finding that

 9   defendants did not engage in unfair competition by issuing false and misleading press releases; and (7)

10   dismissing her claims against Cowan for ongoing malpractice and breach of fiduciary duty before the

11   United States Patent and Trademark Office and for tortious interference with her contract with her

12   previous employer, Legend Films.7 Gurvey has also moved to correct the record on appeal, requesting

13   that we order the District Court to docket various documents she has unsuccessfully attempted to file

14   with the District Court during the pendency of this appeal, including a record of a state arbitration

15   proceeding and a motion filed pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b), and that we order the District Court to

16   permit her to file a fourth amended complaint (which she has also unsuccessfully attempted to file with

17   the court). The Cowan defendants have petitioned for fees and costs, requesting that Gurvey be

18   required to pay their expenses associated with the defense of the instant appeal.


     7
       Gurvey also appeals from the District Court’s denial of her motion for reconsideration of dismissal pursuant to Fed. R. Civ.
     P. 59(a). See Gurvey, No. 06 Civ. 1202, Docket No. 80 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 20, 2010) (order denying motion to reconsider). In
     adjudicating Gurvey’s Rule 59 motion, the District Court found that several of the arguments she made in her motion were
     newly raised. The court accordingly refused to consider those arguments. Gurvey, No. 06 Civ. 1202, Docket No. 80
     (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 20, 2010) (order denying motion to reconsider); see Nat’l Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh v. Stroh Cos., Inc., 265
     F.3d 97, 115 (2d Cir. 2001) (noting that under Local Rule 6.3 of the Southern District of New York, a plaintiff may not raise
     a new argument for the first time in a motion for reconsideration). Because the arguments were not properly presented to
     the District Court, they are not before us now. See Nat’l Union Fire Ins. Co., 265 F.3d at 115-16. To the extent the District
     Court rejected any earlier-raised arguments in its denial of Gurvey’s motion for reconsideration, those arguments are
     addressed in tandem with, and subsumed by, our discussion of the court’s dismissal of Gurvey’s complaint on the merits.


                                                                      5
 1                                                 DISCUSSION

 2           We review de novo a dismissal of a complaint under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6),

 3   “construing the complaint liberally, accepting all factual allegations in the complaint as true, and drawing

 4   all reasonable inferences in the plaintiff’s favor.” Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc., 282 F.3d 147, 152 (2d

 5   Cir. 2002). The complaint must plead “enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its

 6   face.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). Although all allegations contained in the

 7   complaint are assumed to be true, this tenet is “inapplicable to legal conclusions.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129

 8   S. Ct. 1937, 1949 (2009). A claim will have “facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content

 9   that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct

10   alleged.” Id.

11           Having conducted an independent and de novo review of the record in light of these principles,

12   and for substantially the reasons stated by the District Court in its thorough and well-reasoned opinion

13   and order of April 2009, Gurvey II, 2009 WL 1117278, we affirm the judgment to the extent that it

14   dismissed Gurvey’s claims for misappropriation of trade secrets, unfair competition, and tortious

15   interference with contract as time-barred, and to the extent that it dismissed her claims for false

16   advertising, violations of state and federal antitrust laws, and tortious interference with prospective

17   economic relations, for failing to sufficiently plead claims upon which relief may be granted.

18           However, we vacate the District Court’s judgment to the extent that it dismissed Gurvey’s

19   claims for attorney malpractice and breach of fiduciary duty against the Cowan defendants. Construing

20   the TAC liberally, accepting all the factual allegations in the complaint as true, and drawing all

21   reasonable inferences in Gurvey’s favor, see Bell Atl. Corp., 550 U.S. at 570, we conclude that Gurvey

22   stated a plausible claim by alleging that the defendants used the information given to them as part of a

23   confidential attorney-client relationship to their own advantage by disclosing it to other clients who then


                                                           6
 1   profited therefrom to Gurvey’s detriment, see Ulico Cas. Co. v. Wilson, Elser, Moskowitz, Edelman & Dicker,

 2   56 A.D.3d 1, 10 (1st Dep’t 2008).8 We therefore remand the cause for further proceedings before the

 3   District Court on these claims.

 4            We deny Gurvey’s motion to correct the record on appeal, having found that the documents she

 5   asks this Court to consider either were not properly filed with the District Court or concern events that

 6   occurred subsequent to the District Court’s dismissal of her claims. See generally Fed. R. App. P. 10(e)

 7   (setting forth procedure for correction of record on appeal). We also deny the request of the Cowan

 8   defendants for an award of appellate costs and fees. See Fed. R. App. P. 38; Schiff v. United States, 919

 9   F.2d 830, 834 (2d Cir. 1990).

10            We have reviewed Gurvey’s remaining arguments and find them to be without merit.

11                                                       CONCLUSION

12           For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the District Court is hereby AFFIRMED in part and

13   VACATED in part as specified above. The cause is REMANDED to the District Court for further

14   proceedings consistent with this order, including discovery on the remaining claims and any possible

15   dispositive motions that may thereafter ensue.

16

17                                                          FOR THE COURT,
18                                                          Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court
19




     8
       The plausibility of this argument is bolstered by Gurvey’s allegation that Cowan withdrew from representing Gurvey before
     the United States Patent and Trademark Office due to what Cowan allegedly termed a “conflict of interest.”


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