                               COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


Present: Chief Judge Felton, Judge Humphreys and Senior Judge Clements
Argued at Richmond, Virginia


JAMES DOMINIC TILLERY
                                                              MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v.     Record No. 0133-09-2                                  JUDGE ROBERT J. HUMPHREYS
                                                                    MAY 25, 2010
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA


                  FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY
                                 David H. Beck, Judge

                 Leigh S. Gettier for appellant.

                 Gregory W. Franklin, Assistant Attorney General (Kenneth T.
                 Cuccinelli, II, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.


       James D. Tillery (“Tillery”) appeals the sentences he received stemming from his

convictions for leaving the scene of an accident in which a person was killed, in violation of

Code § 46.2-894, driving under the influence of drugs, in violation of Code § 18.2-266, driving

on a suspended license (third or subsequent offense), in violation of Code § 46.2-301, and

possession of more than one-half ounce but not more than five pounds of marijuana with the

intent to distribute, in violation of Code § 18.2-248.1(a)(2). On appeal, Tillery contends the trial

court erred during his sentencing hearing by admitting into evidence victim impact statements

and testimony concerning his dismissed charge of involuntary manslaughter. For the following

reasons, we disagree with Tillery and affirm.

       Tillery argues that the trial court abused its discretion in admitting victim impact

statements and testimony from Jennifer Walker’s mother and sister into evidence during his


       *
           Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
sentencing hearing. Tillery contends that his acquittal on the charge of involuntary manslaughter

“statutorily prohibited” the use of victim impact statements related to that charge. However,

because he did not object to the victim impact statements at the time they were tendered to the

fact finder as an exhibit, we hold that Tillery has not properly preserved this issue for appeal.

       During Tillery’s sentencing hearing, the Commonwealth informed the trial court that it

planned to present victim impact statements concerning “the felony hit and run and the other

charges . . . .” The trial court then asked counsel for Tillery if he “had a chance to review those

victim impact statements,” to which counsel for Tillery responded “Yes, your honor.”

Significantly, Tillery did not object to either the written victim impact statements or the reading

of those statements into the record by Jennifer’s mother and sister. Only during his summation

did counsel for Tillery even mention that “the underlying manslaughter charge in this was

dismissed by the Court.”

       “No ruling of the trial court . . . will be considered as a basis for reversal unless the

objection was stated together with the grounds therefor at the time of the ruling, except for good

cause shown or to enable the Court of Appeals to attain the ends of justice.” Rule 5A:18.

Because a trial court must be alerted to the precise issue to which a party objects, “[t]he Court of

Appeals will not consider an argument on appeal which was not presented to the trial court.”

Ohree v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 299, 308, 494 S.E.2d 484, 488 (1998); see also Neal v.

Commonwealth, 15 Va. App. 416, 422-23, 425 S.E.2d 521, 525 (1992). In this case, Tillery

made no objection to the admissibility of the victim impact statements. Nor did he object when

Jennifer’s mother and sister read their respective statements into the record. By failing to object

to either the written victim impact statements or the corresponding testimony at the time they




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were tendered to the trial court, Tillery has waived any argument with respect to their

admissibility on appeal. 1

       Nevertheless, Tillery argues that the trial court’s failure to exclude “highly prejudicial

victim impact statements” constitutes a “miscarriage of justice,” and thus, warrants the

invocation of the “ends of justice” exception to Rule 5A:18. We disagree. As this Court has

recently reiterated, “[t]he ‘ends of justice’ exception to Rule 5A:18 is ‘narrow and to be used

sparingly.’” Thomas v. Commonwealth, 56 Va. App. 1, 5, 690 S.E.2d 298, 300 (2010) (quoting

Pearce v. Commonwealth, 53 Va. App. 113, 123, 669 S.E.2d 384, 390 (2008)). “In order to avail

oneself of the [ends of justice] exception, a defendant must affirmatively show that a miscarriage

of justice has occurred, not that a miscarriage might have occurred.” Redman v.

Commonwealth, 25 Va. App. 215, 221, 487 S.E.2d 269, 272 (1997). To succeed under the “ends

of justice” exception, Tillery must establish either that “(1) the conduct for which he was

convicted was not a criminal offense or (2) the record affirmatively prove[s] that an element of

the offense did not occur . . . .” Thomas, 56 Va. App. at 5, 690 S.E.2d at 300 (quoting Redman,

25 Va. App. at 221-22, 487 S.E.2d at 272). Tillery has neither established that the conduct for

which he was convicted was not a criminal offense, nor that the sentence imposed exceeded the

statutory limitations. Therefore, we decline to invoke the “ends of justice” exception to Rule

5A:18 to consider Tillery’s argument on appeal.

                                                                                           Affirmed.


       1
          The Attorney General contends that Tillery has approbated and reprobated by agreeing
to the preparation of the victim impact statements in his plea agreement and then objecting to
their admissibility at sentencing. However, contrary to the position taken by the Attorney
General, Tillery’s plea agreement stated only that he agreed to the preparation of victim impact
statements concerning his felony hit and run conviction, not their ultimate admissibility at
sentencing. We do not read paragraph 8(A)(i) of Tillery’s plea agreement in as broad a manner
as the Commonwealth. Tillery certainly agreed to the preparation of victim impact statements
concerning his felony hit and run conviction, but he did not waive his ability to object to the
contents of the victim impact statements, once prepared.
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