Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before
any court except for the purpose of                  Feb 17 2014, 7:19 am
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the
case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                         ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

JILL M. ACKLIN                                  GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Acklin Law Office, LLC                          Attorney General of Indiana
Westfield, Indiana
                                                JOSEPH Y. HO
                                                Deputy Attorney General
                                                Indianapolis, Indiana


                              IN THE
                    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

DOMINIQUE BRISKER,                              )
                                                )
       Appellant-Defendant,                     )
                                                )
              vs.                               )        No. 48A04-1307-CR-337
                                                )
STATE OF INDIANA,                               )
                                                )
       Appellee-Plaintiff.                      )


                     APPEAL FROM THE MADISON CIRCUIT COURT
                         The Honorable Dennis D. Carroll, Judge
                             Cause No. 48D01-0905-FB-77



                                     February 17, 2014


                MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION


BROWN, Judge
      Dominique Brisker appeals the revocation of his probation. Brisker raises one

issue, which we restate as whether the evidence is sufficient to support the revocation of

his probation. We affirm.

                       FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

      In May 2009, the State charged Brisker with dealing in cocaine as a class B felony

and escape as a class C felony. In August 2009, Brisker pled guilty, and, in September

2009, the court sentenced him to concurrent terms of sixteen years for the dealing

conviction and four years for the escape conviction. The court ordered that eight years of

the aggregate sentence be executed in the Indiana Department of Correction and the

balance be suspended to probation. The order of probation was dated and filed on

September 21, 2009, and provided among other requirements that Brisker obtain a

substance abuse evaluation by a facility approved by the probation department and

comply with all recommendations, find and maintain employment of twenty-five hours

per week, and provide written verification for all hours worked, or, if unemployed,

successfully participate in a job seeking skills program approved by the probation

department.

      On November 1, 2012, the probation department filed a notice of probation

violation which alleged that Brisker failed to obtain a substance abuse evaluation, comply

with treatment recommendations, and provide written verification of successful

completion of the program; that he failed to maintain and/or verify employment to the

probation department; and that he violated his curfew.         According to the court’s

chronological case summary entry on January 29, 2013, the court found that Brisker


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violated the conditions of his probation as alleged, imposed no sanctions, and returned

Brisker to probation with all the original terms to remain in full force and effect.

       On February 25, 2013, the probation department filed a second notice of probation

violation which alleged, under paragraph 3a, that Brisker violated the laws of Indiana

when, on or about February 15, 2013, he committed the criminal offense of unlawful

possession of a firearm by a serious violent felon as a class B felony as charged under

cause number 48C06-1302-FB-353 (“Cause No. 353”); under paragraph 3b, that Brisker

failed to obtain a substance abuse evaluation, comply with treatment recommendations,

and provide written verification of successful completion of the program to the probation

department; and, under paragraph 3c, that he failed to maintain and/or verify employment

to the probation department.

       On April 2, 2013, the court held an evidentiary hearing at which Brisker admitted

that he violated the terms of his probation as alleged and the court made findings to that

effect and scheduled a sanctions hearing.

       On May 28, 2013, a sanctions hearing was held. Brisker initially agreed that he

had possession of a firearm which belonged to another person, Jason Hendrickson. After

counsel presented arguments related to appropriate sanctions, Brisker indicated that he

wanted to go to trial. Specifically, Brisker stated “take that mother f-----. If that’s the

best he can play. He’s going to play me like that, man.” Transcript at 29. He then said:

“I’m saying you played me and got me to appear here and forced me to plea agreement.”

Id. The court asked Brisker if he wanted a trial, and Brisker replied “Yeah I want to go to




                                              3
trial.” Id. The court vacated the finding of violation and scheduled the cause for an

evidentiary hearing.

       On June 10, 2013, the court held an evidentiary hearing on the notice of violation

of probation filed on February 25, 2013. At the outset, Brisker apologized for his

outburst at the previous hearing. Anderson Police Officer Brian Gehrke testified that, on

February 15, 2013, he observed a pickup truck disregard a railroad warning gate and

drive around the railroad crossing arms while a train was coming. Officer Gehrke

testified that he initiated a traffic stop of the truck in which Jason Hendrickson was the

driver and Brisker was the passenger, and that, when he initially approached the truck, he

observed only Hendrickson but when he reached the driver’s side window, he observed

Brisker sitting in the passenger seat. Officer Gehrke opined that Brisker “had to have

been bent down or hiding down close to the floorboard area” and that “[t]here’s not much

room to move around in there.” Id. at 41. Officer Gehrke testified that he began to

perform driver’s license and registration checks and called K9 Officer William Bailey to

assist him.

       Anderson Police Officer Bailey testified that he took his K9 out for a drug search

of the truck, the K9 jumped inside the passenger seat and indicated toward the center

between the front seats, and he recovered what he believed to be crack cocaine from the

area. Officer Bailey also located a silver metallic handgun under the driver’s seat.

       Anderson Police Detective Trent Chamberlin testified that Brisker and

Hendrickson were brought to the police station for questioning and that Brisker signed a

waiver of his Miranda rights. Detective Chamberlin testified that Brisker informed him


                                             4
that, about a week prior, he had the gun in his possession, that his fingerprints or DNA

would be on the gun, and that he had attempted to sell the gun. Detective Chamberlin

testified that Brisker “stated at one point he played with it and showed me, talked about

meaning he racked the slide, took the magazine out of it, and worked the slide,” that “[h]e

even made a motion like this with his hand,” and that “[h]e acknowledged that yes he had

been in possession of that gun at one point in time.” Id. at 60-61. Detective Chamberlin

also testified that Brisker described the gun to him, and while Brisker denied owning the

gun, he did not deny having possessed it at one point in time. Detective Chamberlin

further testified that he had interviewed Hendrickson prior to interviewing Brisker and

that Hendrickson told him that there was no way he would find his fingerprints or DNA

on the gun, that he believed Brisker placed the gun under the seat when the police were

behind them, and that he felt something hitting his leg, looked down, and saw something

silver going underneath the seat. Detective Chamberlin testified that Brisker tried to

convince him that the gun actually belonged to Hendrickson and that he had agreed to

sell the gun for Hendrickson.

       Following the arguments of counsel, the court found that Brisker was a serious

violent felon “who, if not on that day, a few days before that, was in possession” of a

firearm. Id. at 82. The court stated that “[i]f you’re handling a firearm with a view

toward selling it and taking it apart, then you are possessing a firearm.” Id. The court

found that Brisker violated the terms of his probation as alleged under paragraph 3a of

the notice of violation, revoked his probation, noted that his exposure on the probation

violation was eight years, and, after reviewing Brisker’s efforts to find employment and


                                            5
hearing arguments of counsel, ordered that he serve six years of his previously-suspended

sentence.

                         ISSUE AND STANDARD OF REVIEW

       The issue is whether the evidence is sufficient to support the revocation of his

probation. Probation is a matter of grace left to trial court discretion, not a right to which

a criminal defendant is entitled. Smith v. State, 963 N.E.2d 1110, 1112 (Ind. 2012). A

trial court’s probation decision is subject to review for abuse of discretion. Id. An abuse

of discretion occurs where the decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts

and circumstances. Id. A probation hearing is civil in nature and the State need only

prove the alleged violations by a preponderance of the evidence. Id. We will consider all

the evidence most favorable to supporting the judgment of the trial court without

reweighing that evidence or judging the credibility of witnesses.           Id.   If there is

substantial evidence of probative value to support the trial court’s conclusion that a

defendant has violated any terms of probation, we will affirm its decision to revoke it. Id.

                                       DISCUSSION

       A person’s probation may be revoked if “the person has violated a condition of

probation during the probationary period.” Ind. Code § 35-38-2-3(a)(1). In order to

obtain a revocation of probation, “the state must prove the violation by a preponderance

of the evidence.” Ind. Code § 35-38-2-3(f). The violation of a single condition of

probation is sufficient to revoke probation. Wilson v. State, 708 N.E.2d 32, 34 (Ind. Ct.

App. 1999).




                                              6
       Brisker argues that the State did not produce sufficient evidence to prove by a

preponderance of the evidence that he “committed the crime of possessing a handgun as a

serious violent felon because the corpus delicti was not established by proof independent

of [his] confession to police.” Appellant’s Brief at 8. He contends that, “[i]n this case,

the only evidence set forth at the hearing that [he] had possessed a handgun was [his]

admission to Detective Chamberlin that [he] had had the gun in his possession about a

week earlier and that he had played with and examined the gun at that time.” Id. at 9

(citation and internal quotation marks omitted).       He posits that “a gun’s presence

establishes nothing about its history or who may have possessed it before it was located.”

Id. at 9-10.

       The State points to Officer Gehrke’s testimony that Brisker was bent over in his

seat and soon thereafter a handgun was recovered from under the seat, and to Detective

Chamberlin’s testimony that Brisker admitted to possessing and handling the handgun

and claimed that he did so in order to sell it for Hendrickson. The State further argues

that Brisker’s claim that the corpus delicti rule applies is without merit and that Brisker’s

“assertion that the recovered handgun itself is not corpus delicti is patently absurd,” that

“the ‘body of the crime’ was the recovery of the silver metallic handgun—the same

handgun that [Brisker] admitted to having possessed and handled—from the vehicle.”

Appellee’s Brief at 7-8.

       The requirement that a probationer obey federal, state, and local laws is

automatically a condition of probation by operation of law. Williams v. State, 695

N.E.2d 1017, 1019 (Ind. Ct. App. 1998); Ind. Code § 35-38-2-1(b) (“If the person


                                             7
commits an additional crime, the court may revoke the probation.”). When the alleged

probation violation is the commission of a new crime, the State does not need to show

that the probationer was convicted of a new crime. Whatley v. State, 847 N.E.2d 1007,

1010 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006). The allegation that a probationer has violated probation has

only to be proven “by a preponderance of the evidence.” Id.

       To the extent Brisker argues that the corpus delicti was not established and that the

gun’s presence does not establish who may have possessed it before it was discovered,

we observe that the gun was recovered by police from under the driver’s seat of the

vehicle. While the officers did not testify that they observed the gun in Brisker’s hands,

testimony was presented that Brisker was bent over near the floorboard when Officer

Gehrke initiated the traffic stop and that Brisker told Detective Chamberlin that he had

held and handled the gun the previous week, that his fingerprints and DNA would be on

the gun, and that he had attempted or agreed to sell the gun for Hendrickson.

       A reasonable inference from the evidence presented is that Brisker was in

possession of the gun discovered under the truck’s seat by police. We also note that a

probation hearing is civil in nature and that the State need prove the alleged violations by

only a preponderance of the evidence.        See Smith, 963 N.E.2d at 1112; see also

Shumaker v. State, 431 N.E.2d 862, 863 (Ind. Ct. App. 1982) (noting that Shumaker

argued that his statements to his probation officer describing various crimes were

erroneously admitted and that before such statements are admissible the State must

establish a corpus delicti, and holding that because a trial court need find only that an




                                             8
arrest is reasonable and that there is probable cause for belief that a defendant violated a

criminal law, Shumaker’s statements were admissible absent a corpus delicti).

       Based upon the record, we conclude that the court as the finder of fact could

reasonably conclude by a preponderance of the evidence that while on probation Brisker

committed the new offense of unlawful possession of a firearm by a serious violent felon

as a class B felony. Accordingly, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in revoking

Brisker’s probation.

                                     CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

       Affirmed.

ROBB, J., and BARNES, J., concur.




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