      TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN


                                       NO. 03-16-00233-CV



       Steven B. Aubrey, Individually, and as Beneficiary of, on behalf of, and for the
                      benefit of the Aubrey Family Trust, Appellant

                                                  v.

           United Heritage Credit Union and Wilford P. Schroeder, Jr., Appellees


     FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 201ST JUDICIAL DISTRICT
     NO. D-1-GN-16-000984, HONORABLE STEPHEN YELENOSKY, JUDGE PRESIDING



                             MEMORANDUM OPINION


               Steven B. Aubrey, acting pro se, appeals from the trial court’s order granting the plea

to the jurisdiction of appellees United Heritage Credit Union and Wilford P. Schroeder Jr. For the

following reasons, we affirm.


                                         BACKGROUND1

               Pursuant to the will of Richard Buck Aubrey Sr., who died in 2004, a Family Trust

was created. Under the terms of the will, Steven B. Aubrey’s mother, Betsy Aubrey (Ms. Aubrey),

is the sole beneficiary and trustee of the Family Trust; she is entitled to distributions of income and

principal from the Family Trust, including distributions from principal for her “health, support, and


       1
          Because the parties are familiar with the facts of the case and its procedural history, we do
not recite them in this opinion except as necessary to advise the parties of the Court’s decision and
the basic reasons for it. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.1, 47.4.
maintenance”; and the Family Trust terminates on her death, at which point any remaining assets are

to be distributed to Aubrey Sr.’s “then living descendants, per stirpes.”

               In 2012, United Heritage leased real property from the Family Trust. The lease

contained an option to purchase, and United Heritage exercised the option in April 2013. Before title

to the property was conveyed to United Heritage, it was conveyed from the Family Trust to

Ms. Aubrey and then to one of Aubrey’s brothers. Alleging harm to the trust from the sale of the

property, Aubrey sued United Heritage, its president Schroeder, Ms. Aubrey, and his brothers.

Aubrey claimed that the property “was illegally stripped from the Trust” and that the proceeds of the

sale should have been conveyed to the Family Trust. According to Aubrey, the Trust did not receive

any of the proceeds from the sale, and United Heritage and Schroeder conspired with Ms. Aubrey,

as trustee, and one of his brothers to deprive the Family Trust of the sale proceeds. Aubrey’s pleaded

causes of action included trespass to try title, fraudulent transfer, fraudulent lien or claim, fraud,

tortious interference with inheritance rights, conversion, money had and received, unjust

enrichment/quantum meruit, civil conspiracy, negligence, gross negligence, breach of trust, and

breach of fiduciary duty.

               United Heritage and Schroeder answered and filed a plea to the jurisdiction, arguing

that Aubrey lacked standing to bring claims against them under a contract to which he was not a

party or for alleged damage to a trust of which he was not a beneficiary. Attached to their plea was

a copy of Aubrey Sr.’s will. In addition to appointing Ms. Aubrey the trustee, Aubrey Sr. granted

her, as the trustee, broad powers, including “all powers granted to trustees by the common law or

applicable statutes” and the power,



                                                  2
       To sell, exchange, give options upon, partition, convey, or otherwise dispose of, with
       or without covenants (including covenants of warranty of title), any property which
       may from time to time be or become a part of the Trust estate, at public or private
       sale or otherwise, for cash or other consideration, or on credit, and upon such terms
       and conditions as the Trustee shall think advisable, and to transfer and convey the
       same free of all Trusts.


               Aubrey filed a response to the plea to the jurisdiction with evidence, including the

affidavit of Schroeder from a separate case. In the affidavit, Schroeder described the real estate

transaction in relevant part as follows:


       3.      In 2012, [United Heritage] leased real property in Travis County, Texas from
               the Aubrey Family Trust. See Lease Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit
               A. The lease contained an option to purchase the leased property.

       4.      [United Heritage] exercised the option in April, 2013. Shortly thereafter,
               [United Heritage] received a title commitment for the property. See Ex. B.
               The commitment disclosed that the property was titled in [Aubrey Sr.]’s
               name. [Aubrey Sr.] is apparently the deceased settlor of the Aubrey
               Family Trust.

       5.      The Aubrey Family Trust advised the title defect would be addressed with
               corrective deeds prior to the closing and that it would convey title to the
               property to [United Heritage] at closing. [United Heritage] accepted the
               Trust’s representation in good faith and closed on the purchase of the
               property for $300,000.00 pursuant to the lease.

       6.      [United Heritage] did not “unlawfully purchase” the property. [United
               Heritage] was not aware the Aubrey Family Trust received “no
               consideration.” [United Heritage] did not conspire with [Aubrey’s brother].
               [United Heritage] did not inquire or participate in the corrective transfers
               from the Aubrey Family Trust to Ms. Betsy Aubrey to [Aubrey’s brother] that
               apparently predated [United Heritage]’s purchase.

       7.      [United Heritage] paid fair value for the property and accepted the title in
               exchange for the agreed-upon consideration. Gracy Title provided [United
               Heritage] with a title policy insuring the title it acquired.



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               After a hearing, the trial court granted the plea to the jurisdiction and dismissed

Aubrey’s claims against United Heritage and Schroeder with prejudice. The trial court then severed

Aubrey’s claims against United Heritage and Schroeder from his claims against family members and

transferred the severed claims into a separate cause number. This appeal from the severed

cause followed.


                                           ANALYSIS

               In one issue, Aubrey argues that the trial court erred in granting the plea to the

jurisdiction because he has standing to redress damages caused to the Family Trust and its assets by

the sale of the property to United Heritage.2


Standard of Review

               “A plea to the jurisdiction challenges the court’s authority to decide a case.”

Heckman v. Williamson Cty., 369 S.W.3d 137, 149 (Tex. 2012). We review a plea questioning the

trial court’s subject matter jurisdiction de novo. See Texas Dep’t of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda,

133 S.W.3d 217, 226 (Tex. 2004). “The burden is on the plaintiff to affirmatively demonstrate the

trial court’s jurisdiction.” Heckman, 369 S.W.3d at 150. When assessing a plea to the jurisdiction,




       2
           In the section of his brief titled “Issues Presented,” Aubrey references the trial court’s
severance of his claims against United Heritage and Schroeder. To the extent he is challenging the
trial court’s severance order, we conclude that he has waived it by inadequate briefing. See Tex. R.
App. P. 38.1(i) (requiring “clear and concise argument for the contentions made, with appropriate
citations to authorities and to the record”); Amir-Sharif v. Mason, 243 S.W.3d 854, 856 (Tex.
App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.) (“A pro se litigant is held to the same standards as licensed attorneys
and must comply with applicable laws and rules of procedure.” (citing Mansfield State Bank v. Cohn,
573 S.W.2d 181, 184–85 (Tex. 1978))).

                                                 4
we focus first on the plaintiff’s petition to determine whether the facts that were pled affirmatively

demonstrate that subject matter jurisdiction exists. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d at 226. We construe the

pleadings liberally in favor of the plaintiff. Id. “However, if a plea to the jurisdiction challenges the

existence of jurisdictional facts, we consider relevant evidence submitted by the parties when

necessary to resolve the jurisdictional issues raised, as the trial court is required to do.” Id. at 227

(citing Bland Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Blue, 34 S.W.3d 547, 555 (Tex. 2000)).

                Subject matter jurisdiction requires a plaintiff bringing suit to have standing to do so.

Texas Ass’n of Bus. v. Texas Air Control Bd., 852 S.W.2d 440, 443–45 (Tex. 1993); see Waco Indep.

Sch. Dist. v. Gibson, 22 S.W.3d 849, 850 (Tex. 2000) (noting that standing is component of subject

matter jurisdiction). “The issue of standing focuses on whether a party has a sufficient relationship

with the lawsuit so as to have a ‘justiciable interest’ in its outcome.” Austin Nursing Ctr., Inc.

v. Lovato, 171 S.W.3d 845, 848 (Tex. 2005); see In the Interest of B.I.V., 923 S.W.2d 573, 574 (Tex.

1996) (per curiam) (“To establish standing, a person must show a personal stake in the

controversy.”); Save Our Springs All., Inc. v. City of Dripping Springs, 304 S.W.3d 871, 878 (Tex.

App.—Austin 2010, pet. denied) (observing that, among other requirements, standing requires

“‘injury in fact,’ an invasion of a legally protected interest that is concrete and particularized, and

that is actual or imminent rather than conjectural or hypothetical” (quoting Lujan v. Defenders of

Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 560–61 (1992))). A court has no jurisdiction over a claim made by a plaintiff

who lacks standing and, as such, must dismiss it. Heckman, 369 S.W.3d at 150–51.




                                                   5
Aubrey’s Standing

                To support his standing to pursue claims against United Heritage and Schroeder,

Aubrey describes his interest in the property as a “vested property interest” and his interest in the

trust as “a named secondary beneficiary” and “a statutory devisee.” Aubrey also asserts a

“derivative” right as a “beneficiary” of the trust to sue United Heritage and Schroeder “because the

Trustee refused to act” as to the “outright theft of property” from the Family Trust. See In re XTO

Energy, Inc., 471 S.W.3d 126, 131–32 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2015, no pet.) (setting out standard for

determining when trust beneficiary may bring cause of action that trustee has against third party

because trustee cannot or will not do so). Aubrey argues that Ms. Aubrey, United Heritage, and

Schroeder “engaged in three illegal land flipping transactions to effect the waste of an asset in the

Trust” and that Ms. Aubrey was not going to sue herself “for fraud or her co-conspirators that

assisted in this illegal scheme.”

                Under the terms of Aubrey Sr.’s will, however, Ms. Aubrey is the sole beneficiary

of the Family Trust, as well as the trustee with the power to “sell, exchange, give options upon,

partition, convey, or dispose of . . . any [trust] property . . . upon such terms and conditions as [she

thinks] advisable” and to distribute to herself income and principal. Further, the terms of the will

provide that the Family Trust terminates on Ms. Aubrey’s death and, only at that point, are any

remaining assets in the Family Trust distributed to Aubrey Sr.’s “then living descendants, per

stirpes.” Under the will’s express terms then, it was unknown who would receive the remaining

assets, if any, in the Family Trust at the time of the sale of the property, and it will continue to be

unknown until Ms. Aubrey’s death. Although Aubrey may receive assets from the Family Trust at



                                                   6
some undetermined time in the future, he will do so only if two contingencies are satisfied at the time

of Ms. Aubrey’s death: (1) he is alive, and (2) assets remain in the Family Trust. The undisputed

evidence also showed that Aubrey was not a party to the lease or sale of the property to United

Heritage and that United Heritage “paid fair value for the property and accepted the title in exchange

for the agreed-upon consideration.”

               Considering the express terms of Aubrey Sr.’s will and the undisputed facts, we

conclude that Aubrey has not shown an interest in the Family Trust or its assets that would

demonstrate his standing to bring the claims that he has asserted against United Heritage or

Schroeder for alleged damage to the trust arising from the sale of the property. See Heckman,

369 S.W.3d at 150 (noting that burden is on plaintiff to affirmatively demonstrate trial court’s

jurisdiction); Lovato, 171 S.W.3d at 848 (requiring party to have “sufficient relationship with the

lawsuit so as to have a ‘justiciable interest’ in the outcome”); Save Our Springs Alliance,

304 S.W.3d at 878 (requiring “‘injury in fact’”); see also Davis v. First Nat’l Bank of Waco,

161 S.W.2d 467, 472 (Tex. 1942) (“An expectant heir has no present interest or right in property that

he may subsequently inherit and consequently he cannot maintain a suit for the enforcement or

adjudication of a right in the property.”); Moon v. Lesikar, 230 S.W.3d 800, 802–06 (Tex.

App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2007, pet. denied) (affirming trial court’s ruling that plaintiff, who was

“contingent beneficiary” of family trust and brought claims based on trust’s sale of “Airport Stock”

at “inadequate price,” “lacked standing to complain about the sale of Airport Stock because she had

no interest in it at the time of the sale”); Campbell v. Automobile Ins. Co. of Hartford Conn.,

No. 07-06-00158-CV, 2007 WL 1390625, at *1, 3 (Tex. App.—Amarillo May 9, 2007, no pet.)



                                                  7
(mem. op.) (concluding that plaintiffs who were beneficiaries of trust did not have standing to sue

insurance company where named insured under insurance policy was trust and observing that

plaintiffs were “strangers to the insurance contract, not in a legal position to recover any interest in

the policy proceeds”); Cote v. Bank One, Texas, N.A., No. 4:03-CV-296-A, 2003 WL 23194260, at

*4–6 (N.D. Tex. Aug. 1, 2003) (observing that Texas law was clear that potential beneficiary of trust

assets did not have standing to pursue claims against accountants with regard to accountants’

involvement with trust); Davis v. Davis, 734 S.W.2d 707, 709–10 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]

1987, writ ref’d n.r.e.) (concluding that appellant “did not have standing to sue based on his claim

that he is a potential beneficiary of trust assets” and explaining that “[o]ne cannot maintain a suit for

the enforcement or adjudication of a right in property that he expects to inherit, because he has no

present right or interest in the property”).

                Further, to the extent that Aubrey relies on statutory definitions of such terms as

“beneficiary” and “interested person,” and various causes of action permitted by the Texas Property

Code, we conclude that the cited statutes do not support his standing to assert claims against United

Heritage and Schroeder for alleged damage to the trust or its assets from the sale of the property.

See Tex. Prop. Code §§ 111.004(2) (“‘Beneficiary’ means a person for whose benefit property is held

in trust, regardless of the nature of the interest.”), (7) (“‘Interested person’ means a trustee,

beneficiary, or any other person having an interest in or a claim against the trust or any person who

is affected by the administration of the trust. Whether a person, excluding a trustee or named

beneficiary, is an interested person may vary from time to time and must be determined according

to the particular purposes of and matter involved in any proceeding.”), 116.002(2) (“‘Beneficiary’



                                                   8
includes, in the case of a decedent’s estate, an heir, legatee, and devisee and, in the case of a trust,

an income beneficiary and a remainder beneficiary.”); see also id. §§ 111.004(6) (defining

“interest”), 116.002(5) (defining “income beneficiary”), (11) (defining “remainder beneficiary”).

We need go no further than to observe that Aubrey’s cited statutory causes of action are directed to

claims against or by the trustee of a trust, not the types of claims for damages that Aubrey seeks to

bring against Schroeder and United Heritage, a third party purchaser of property for fair value. See

id. §§ 114.001 (addressing liability of trustee to beneficiary), 116.004 (addressing trustee’s fiduciary

duties); see also id. § 115.001 (addressing jurisdiction over proceedings “by or against a trustee and

all proceedings concerning trusts”).3

                Considering Aubrey’s pleadings and the undisputed evidence relevant to the

determination of his standing, we conclude that Aubrey has failed to affirmatively demonstrate the

trial court’s jurisdiction over his asserted claims against Heritage and Schroeder. See Heckman,

369 S.W.3d at 150. Thus, we conclude that the trial court did not err in granting the plea to the

jurisdiction and overrule Aubrey’s issue.


        3
           For similar reasons, we also find misplaced Aubrey’s reliance on Snyder v. Cowell,
No. 08-01-00444-CV, 2003 Tex. App. LEXIS 3139, at *15, 17 (Tex. App.—El Paso Apr. 10, 2003,
no pet.) (mem. op.) (stating that “general rule is that a remainder vests when there is a person in
being who has an immediate right to possession of property upon termination of an intermediate
estate with only the right of possession postponed” and observing that “[v]ested remaindermen are
‘interested persons’ under the Trust Code and can bring a cause of action for breach of fiduciary
duty” against trustee), and his reliance on definitions in the Texas Estates Code, such as “legatee,”
“devisee,” “distributee,” and “interested person,” see Tex. Est. Code §§ 22.009 (“‘Devisee’ includes
a legatee.’”), .010 (“‘Distributee’ means a person who is entitled to a part of the estate of a decedent
under a lawful will or the statutes of descent and distribution.”), .018(1) (“‘Interested person’ or
‘person interested’ means: (1) an heir, devisee, spouse, creditor, or any other having a property right
in or claim against an estate being administered.”), .021 (“‘Legatee’ includes a person who is entitled
to a legacy under a will.”).

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                                         CONCLUSION

              For these reasons, we affirm the trial court’s order granting the plea to the jurisdiction

of United Heritage and Schroeder.



                                              __________________________________________
                                              Melissa Goodwin, Justice

Before Justices Puryear, Pemberton, and Goodwin

Affirmed

Filed: April 12, 2017




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