   Case: 18-60843   Document: 00515210446    Page: 1     Date Filed: 11/22/2019




         IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                  FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
                                                              United States Court of Appeals
                                                                       Fifth Circuit

                                                                     FILED
                             No. 18-60843                     November 22, 2019
                           Summary Calendar
                                                                Lyle W. Cayce
                                                                     Clerk




ELVIA RUIZ ORTIZ, also known as Elvia Ruiz;
JAIME SILVESTRE BARRON RUIZ; LORENA GISELLE BARRON RUIZ;
ELVIA GUADALUPE BARRON RUIZ,

                                        Petitioners,

versus

WILLIAM P. BARR, U.S. Attorney General,

                                        Respondent.




                    Petition for Review of an Order of
                    the Board of Immigration Appeals
                            No. A 205 639 522
                            No. A 205 639 523
                            No. A 205 639 524
                            No. A 205 639 525
     Case: 18-60843       Document: 00515210446          Page: 2     Date Filed: 11/22/2019


                                       No. 18-60843

Before DAVIS, SMITH, and HIGGINSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM: *

       Elvia Ruiz Ortiz, a native and citizen of Mexico, petitions for review of
the order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) dismissing her appeal
of the order of removal issued by the immigration judge (“IJ”). 1 Ruiz Ortiz
contends that the Immigration Court (“IC”) lacked subject matter jurisdiction
over the removal proceedings because the Notice to Appear (“NTA”) was not
compliant with the applicable regulations and was not served simultaneously
on her when it was filed with the IC. Further, Ruiz Ortiz contends that the
NTA contained a false representation concerning the information provided to
her, which rendered the IJ’s removal order invalid.

       The determination that an alien is not eligible for asylum is a factual
determination reviewed under the substantial-evidence standard. Chen v.
Gonzales, 470 F.3d 1131, 1134 (5th Cir. 2006). Under that standard, “reversal
is improper unless the court decides not only that the evidence supports a
contrary conclusion, but also that the evidence compels it.” Orellana-Monson
v. Holder, 685 F.3d 511, 518 (5th Cir. 2012) (internal quotation marks and
citation omitted).

       Ruiz Ortiz’s theory that the omission in her NTA of the time and date of
her removal hearing rendered the NTA invalid and deprived the IC of jurisdic-
tion in light of Pereira v. Sessions, 138 S. Ct. 2105 (2018), is without merit.
This court determined that Pereira addressed only the “narrow question”


       *Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in
5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.

       1Ruiz Ortiz is the lead petitioner; the remaining petitioners, her three minor children,
are derivative beneficiaries on her application.


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                                 No. 18-60843

whether a NTA “that omits the time or place of the initial hearing triggers the
statutory stop-time rule for cancellation of removal.” We declined to extend
the rule in Pereira beyond the stop-time rule to removal proceedings under
8 U.S.C. § 1229. Pierre-Paul v. Barr, 930 F.3d 684, 688−89 (5th Cir. 2019).
Additionally, Ruiz Ortiz’s acknowledgement, at her removal hearing, that she
had received service of the NTA, stating the time and place of the hearing, and
her concession that she was subject to removal waived any challenge that she
may have had to the IC’s jurisdiction over the removal proceedings. See id.
at 693 n.6.

      To demonstrate that she was entitled to asylum, Ruiz Ortiz had to show
(1) “either past persecution or a reasonable, well-founded fear of future perse-
cution” (2) “on account of” (3) one of the five grounds enumerated in 8 U.S.C.
§ 1101(a)(42)(A), including, as relevant here, membership in a particular social
group (“PSG”). Milat v. Holder, 755 F.3d 354, 360 (5th Cir. 2014); see 8 U.S.C.
§ 1158(b)(1). A PSG is “a group of persons that share a common immutable
characteristic that they either cannot change or should not be required to
change because it is fundamental to their individual identities or consciences.”
Hernandez-De La Cruz v. Lynch, 819 F.3d 784, 786 (5th Cir. 2016) (internal
quotation marks and citations omitted). Ruiz Ortiz must also establish that
membership in a PSG “was or will be at least one central reason for persecuting
the applicant.” § 1158(b)(1)(B)(i); see Sealed Petitioner v. Sealed Respondent,
829 F.3d 379, 383 (5th Cir. 2016).

      The IJ did not determine whether Ruiz Ortiz’s claim that she was a mem-
ber of a PSG based on her relationship with her husband was valid. The IJ
was required to conduct “a fact-based inquiry made on a case-by-case basis” to
decide whether Ruiz Ortiz “establish[ed] that [her] specific family group is
defined with sufficient particularity and is socially distinct in society.” Pena-


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                                 No. 18-60843

Oseguera v. Barr, 936 F.3d 249, 251 (5th Cir. 2019) (citing Matter of L-E-A-,
27 I. & N. Dec. 581, 586 (U.S. Att’y Gen. 2019)). “In the ordinary case, a family
group will not meet that standard, because it will not have the kind of identi-
fying characteristics that render the family socially distinct within the society
in question.” Id. (quoting Matter of L-E-A-, 27 I. & N. Dec. at 586).

      Because the IJ erred in addressing the nexus issue without conducting
this analysis, the BIA could not have properly reviewed the claim. Id. Further,
if there is an agency determination that Ruiz Ortiz demonstrated that she is a
member of a PSG, the IJ should reconsider the issue of nexus to consider
whether Ortiz was targeted for persecution for reasons different from the per-
secutor’s motives for targeting her husband. Id.

      Last, if the IJ denies Ruiz Ortiz’s claim based on a finding that the gov-
ernment was and is willing and able to protect Ortiz and her children from her
persecutors, the BIA should consider the apparent inconsistency of the IJ’s
reliance on the records submitted by Ortiz to make that determination while
refusing to consider that same evidence as corroborating evidence to support
Ortiz’s claim.

      The petition for review is GRANTED, the order of removal is VACATED,
and the case is REMANDED to the BIA. We express no view on what decisions
the BIA should make on remand.




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