                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        APR 17 2018
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

MICHAEL E. HEILBRUN,                            No. 17-35489

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No. 3:14-cv-01706-SI

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
HEATHER VILLIANUEVA; et al.,

                Defendants-Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Oregon
                   Michael H. Simon, District Judge, Presiding

                            Submitted April 11, 2018**

Before:      SILVERMAN, PAEZ, and OWENS, Circuit Judges.

      Oregon state prisoner Michael E. Heilbrun appeals pro se from the district

court’s summary judgment in his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action alleging retaliation,

deliberate indifference, and due process violations. We have jurisdiction under 28

U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo. Ford v. City of Yakima, 706 F.3d 1188, 1192


      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
(9th Cir. 2013) (cross-motions for summary judgment); Williams v. Paramo, 775

F.3d 1182, 1191 (9th Cir. 2015) (exhaustion). We affirm.

      The district court properly granted summary judgment on Heilbrun’s claims

because Heilbrun did not exhaust his administrative remedies, and he failed to raise

a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether administrative remedies were

effectively unavailable to him. See Ross v. Blake, 136 S. Ct. 1850, 1858-60 (2016)

(setting forth circumstances when administrative remedies are unavailable);

Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 90 (2006) (a prisoner must exhaust administrative

remedies, “which means using all steps that the agency holds out, and doing so

properly (so that the agency addresses the issues on the merits)” (citation and

internal quotation marks omitted)).

      The district court denied Heilbrun’s motion for recusal because Heilbrun

failed to identify any basis for recusal. See Liteky v. United States, 510 U.S. 540,

555 (1994) (explaining that “judicial rulings alone almost never constitute a valid

basis for a bias or partiality motion”); United States v. Johnson, 610 F.3d 1138,

1147 (9th Cir. 2010) (setting forth standard of review and bases for recusal).

      The district court did not abuse its discretion by denying Heilbrun’s

discovery requests because Heilbrun has failed to demonstrate how the denial

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resulted in actual and substantial prejudice to him. See Goehring v. Brophy, 94

F.3d 1294, 1305 (9th Cir. 1996) (challenging party must demonstrate that

discovery rulings resulted in actual and substantial prejudice to that party); see also

Quinn v. Anvil Corp., 620 F.3d 1005, 1015 (9th Cir. 2010) (standard of review).

      We reject as meritless Heilbrun’s contentions of judicial bias.

      AFFIRMED.




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