                                                                               FILED
                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                                APR 3 2020
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                          MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                             U.S. COURT OF APPEALS


                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT


MICHAEL A.H. OWEN,                               No.     18-35210

              Plaintiff-Appellant,               D.C. No. 3:17-cv-05193-TLF

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
ANDREW M. SAUL, Commissioner of
Social Security,

              Defendant-Appellee.


                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Western District of Washington
                Theresa Lauren Fricke, Magistrate Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted April 1, 2020**
                               Seattle, Washington

Before: McKEOWN, N.R. SMITH, and NGUYEN, Circuit Judges.

      Michael Owen appeals the district court’s order affirming the Commissioner

of Social Security’s denial of disability benefits. We have jurisdiction pursuant to

28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      “We review the district court’s decision sustaining the [Administrative Law

Judge’s (“ALJ”)] denial of social security benefits de novo and can reverse only if

the ALJ’s findings are based on legal error or are not supported by substantial

evidence in the record.” Attmore v. Colvin, 827 F.3d 872, 875 (9th Cir. 2016).

Additionally, we “may not reverse an ALJ’s decision on account of a harmless

error.” Buck v. Berryhill, 869 F.3d 1040, 1048 (9th Cir. 2017).

1.    Substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s evaluation of the medical evidence.

First, the ALJ offered “specific and legitimate reasons” (supported by substantial

evidence) for discounting Dr. Phillips’s opinion regarding Owen’s physical

limitations when it found that Dr. Phillips’s opinion was inconsistent with clinical

findings. See Carmickle v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 533 F.3d 1155, 1164 (9th

Cir. 2008) (quoting Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 830–31 (9th Cir. 1995)). Aside

from Dr. Phillips’s findings of Owen’s limited range of motion, Dr. Phillips made

no other significant clinical findings regarding Owen’s left knee. Rather, Dr.

Phillips’s notes simply stated that Owen limps, and that his left knee is in a brace.

There are no clinical findings regarding the limited use of Owen’s left leg.

Although the ALJ erred by failing to address Dr. Phillips’s opinion regarding

Owen’s mental limitations, see Buck, 869 F.3d at 1048, the opinion was

inadequately supported by clinical findings, see Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947,


                                           2
957 (9th Cir. 2002), and would not have altered the outcome of the case, see

Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1115 (9th Cir. 2012).

      Second, the ALJ did not err in giving Dr. Bowes’s opinion “little weight,”

because substantial evidence confirms that Dr. Bowes’s opinion lacked supporting

clinical findings and was inconsistent with the record. See Thomas, 278 F.3d at

957; 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(4). Owen argues that the ALJ erred, because Dr.

Bowes described clinical findings that supported her opinion. Owen then

summarizes other findings that support Dr. Bowes opinion. However, this simply

highlights a conflict in the evidence. Resolving conflicts is the ALJ’s responsibility

and prerogative, see Reddick v. Chater, 157 F.3d 715, 722 (9th Cir. 1998), and,

because the ALJ’s interpretation of the evidence is “rational,” it must be upheld,

see Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 679 (9th Cir. 2005).

      Third, the ALJ did not err in evaluating the opinions from other medical

providers.1 The only medical provider opinion that Owen adequately challenges is

that of Ms. Tjersland. Even assuming, without deciding, that Ms. Tjersland is an

acceptable medical source, the ALJ did not err in giving “little weight” to her


      1
        In his opening brief, Owen summarizes certain medical findings and other
medical providers’ opinions and summarily concludes that these findings
“support[] [his] testimony about his limitations.” Because Owen fails to
specifically and distinctly argue these points, we do not address them. See
Carmickle, 533 F.3d at 1161 n.2.
                                          3
opinion, because Ms. Tjersland did not describe any limitations in her opinion. See

Turner v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 613 F.3d 1217, 1223 (9th Cir. 2010) (noting that an

ALJ need not consider an opinion that does not state any limitations).

      Fourth, the ALJ did not err in considering the non-examining state agency

physicians’ opinions. Contrary to Owen’s arguments, the ALJ evaluated Dr.

Stevick’s opinion. The ALJ even adopted the same limitations in the residual

functional capacity (“RFC”) that Dr. Stevick gave in his opinion. Specifically, both

the RFC and Dr. Stevick’s opinion limited Owen to: (1) lifting/carrying twenty

pounds occasionally and ten pounds frequently; (2) standing and/or walking two

hours in an eight-hour work day; (3) sitting six hours in an eight-hour work day;

and (4) occasionally using foot controls with the left foot. Additionally, the ALJ

did not err in giving more weight to the opinions of the non-examining state

agency physicians than to those of Dr. Phillips and Dr. Bowes, because the ALJ

properly discounted Dr. Phillips’s and Dr. Bowes’s opinions.

      Finally, Owen argues that the ALJ erred in giving great weight to the non-

examining state agency physicians’ opinions, because the physicians did not

review any evidence beyond July 2014. However, there is always some time lapse

between a consultant’s report and the ALJ hearing and decision, and the Social

Security regulations impose no limit on such a gap in time. At the time they issued


                                          4
their opinions, the non-examining experts had considered all the evidence before

them, satisfying the requirements set forth in 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(3).

2.     The ALJ did not err in discounting Owen’s testimony, because the ALJ

offered “specific, clear and convincing reasons for doing so.” See Trevizo v.

Berryhill, 871 F.3d 664, 678 (9th Cir. 2017) (quoting Garrison v. Colvin, 759 F.3d

995, 1015 (9th Cir. 2014)). The ALJ determined that Owen’s “statements

concerning the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of the symptoms are not

entirely credible” for various reasons. First, the ALJ found that Owen’s allegations

were inconsistent with the medical evidence. The ALJ summarized the medical

evidence and then pointed to specific allegations and testimony that were

inconsistent with that medical evidence. Thus, the ALJ did not erroneously rely on

an objective evidence test.

       Second, the ALJ found that Owen’s daily activities were not limited to the

extent one would expect with his alleged symptoms and limitations. “Though

inconsistent daily activities may provide a justification for rejecting symptom

testimony, ‘the mere fact that a plaintiff has carried on certain daily activities . . .

does not in any way detract from her credibility as to her overall disability.’”

Revels v. Barryhill, 874 F.3d 648, 667 (9th Cir. 2017) (alteration in original)

(quoting Benecke v. Barnhart, 379 F.3d 587, 594 (9th Cir. 2004)). Further,


                                             5
“disability claimants should not be penalized for attempting to lead normal lives in

the face of their limitations.” Reddick, 157 F.3d at 722. “Only if the level of

activity were inconsistent with Claimant’s claimed limitations would these

activities have any bearing on Claimant’s credibility.” Id. While Owen’s

performance of household chores may not seem inconsistent with his claimed

physical limitations, some of his daily activities are certainly inconsistent with his

reported psychological symptoms. Owen reported needing to lie down for four to

five hours a day due to his depression and that he had a hard time focusing due to

his severe ADHD. However, Owen also reports that he is able to help his kids with

homework, “watch a lot of documentaries,” and “read four to five different books

at a time.” Due to the inconsistencies between Owen’s daily activities and his

reported limitations, the ALJ did not err in discounting Owen’s testimony. See id.

      Third, the ALJ validly found that Owen made inconsistent statements

regarding why he stopped working. See Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1284 (9th

Cir. 1996) (holding an ALJ may use “ordinary techniques of credibility evaluation”

such as prior inconsistent statements to discount a claimant’s testimony). At one

point, Owen claimed he stopped working because of his conditions; he later

reported he was “fired for dress code.” Even later, Owen claimed he quit working




                                           6
because of the cost of commuting. These inconsistencies were a valid reason for

the ALJ to find Owen less credible.

      Lastly, even though the ALJ offered one erroneous reason for discounting

Owen’s testimony, Owen failed to demonstrate that this error was harmful where

the ALJ offered several other specific, clear and convincing reasons that are

supported by substantial evidence for discounting Owen’s testimony. See Molina,

674 F.3d at 1115 (“[S]everal of our cases have held that an ALJ’s error was

harmless where the ALJ provided one or more invalid reasons for disbelieving a

claimant’s testimony, but also provided valid reasons that were supported by the

record.”).

3.    The ALJ gave sufficient germane reasons, supported by substantial

evidence, to reject Ms. Kipp’s lay witness testimony. Rounds v. Comm’r Soc. Sec.

Admin., 807 F.3d 996, 1007 (9th Cir. 2015). Specifically, the ALJ found the check-

box form Ms. Kipp used to be conclusory, because there was no explanation of the

basis for her conclusions. Further, Ms. Kipp’s findings were inconsistent with

other medical evidence. Both are valid reasons to discount lay witness testimony.

See Molina, 674 F.3d at 1111–12.

4.    The ALJ’s RFC and step-five findings are supported by substantial evidence,

because the ALJ reasonably weighed the record evidence and reasonably


                                          7
accounted for all of Owen’s limitations. Owen’s arguments to the contrary are

simply derivative of his preceding arguments addressed and rejected above. Thus,

Owen’s arguments fail. See Stubbs-Danielson v. Astrue, 539 F.3d 1169, 1175–76

(9th Cir. 2008).

      AFFIRMED.




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