                           ILLINOIS OFFICIAL REPORTS
                                         Appellate Court




                      In re Estate of Burmeister, 2013 IL App (1st) 121776




Appellate Court            In re ESTATE OF BARBARA BURMEISTER, Deceased.
Caption


District & No.             First District, Sixth Division
                           Docket No. 1-12-1776


Filed                      May 31, 2013


Held                       In an action arising from a dispute between the beneficiaries of a trust
(Note: This syllabus       created by their deceased mother, the daughter who was appointed
constitutes no part of     executor of her mother’s estate, and who also succeeded her mother as
the opinion of the court   trustee of the trust, was properly found to have submitted herself and the
but has been prepared      trust to the trial court’s jurisdiction for purposes of the probate court’s
by the Reporter of         order directing her to make a partial distribution to the beneficiaries from
Decisions for the          the trust, notwithstanding her contentions that her deceased mother had
convenience of the         transferred all of her property, save a Canadian property, to the trust prior
reader.)
                           to her death, the probate court lacked jurisdiction over the trust or her as
                           trustee, and that the order was a nullity.


Decision Under             Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. 09-P-6445; the Hon.
Review                     Susan M. Coleman, Judge, presiding.



Judgment                   Affirmed.
Counsel on                  Alan E. Sohn, of Law Offices of Alan E. Sohn, of Chicago, for appellant.
Appeal
                            Steven J. Sandusky, of Chicago, for appellee.


Panel                       JUSTICE GORDON delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
                            Presiding Justice Lampkin and Justice Hall concurred in the judgment
                            and opinion.



                                              OPINION

¶1          At the time she passed away, decedent Barbara Burmeister had transferred all of her
        assets into an inter vivos trust (trust), with the exception of a parcel of real property located
        in Ontario, Canada. Decedent executed a will before she passed away, devising all of her
        property into a trust. Decedent is survived by three of her four adult children, Kristina
        Heinzen (Kristina), Wendy Pink (Wendy), and Neil Burmeister (Neil), who are beneficiaries
        of the trust. At the time decedent passed away, her fourth adult child, Eric Burmeister (Eric),
        was alive and was also a beneficiary of the trust. However, he passed away during the course
        of the probate proceedings and left no heirs other than his siblings. Pursuant to a codicil to
        decedent’s will dated May 15, 2007, Kristina was appointed executor of decedent’s estate
        and also succeeded the decedent as trustee of the trust.
¶2          During the course of Kristina’s administration of decedent’s estate, Wendy, Neil, and
        Eric filed numerous petitions and motions seeking to compel Kristina, as executor, to
        perform specific actions or to impose sanctions against Kristina, including a petition to
        compel Kristina to make a distribution of assets, which is the subject of this appeal. Kristina
        argues that the estate had no assets to distribute. She further argues that the probate division
        lacked personal jurisdiction over her as trustee of the trust and lacked subject matter
        jurisdiction over the trust because she was never made a party to the probate proceedings.
        The probate judge ruled that there was jurisdiction over her in her capacity as trustee and
        over the trust and ordered Kristina to make partial distributions to the beneficiaries of the
        trust. Kristina appeals, and we affirm.

¶3                                        BACKGROUND
¶4                                    I. The Will and the Trust
¶5          As noted, decedent was survived by four adult children: Kristina Heinzen, Wendy Pink,
        Neil Burmeister, and Eric Burmeister. Eric passed away during the course of the proceedings
        below.
¶6          On December 27, 2000, decedent executed an inter vivos trust and appointed herself as
        trustee. The purpose of the trust was to “provide for all [decedent’s] children, including any

                                                  -2-
       born or adopted in the future.”
¶7         On the same day, the decedent executed a will devising all of her property into the trust,
       to be administered according to its terms. The will provided that her “executor may distribute
       directly to any beneficiary under [the trust] any property that, if distributed to the trustee,
       would then be distributed to the beneficiary.”
¶8         After executing the trust and the will, decedent transferred all of her assets into the trust
       except a parcel of real property located in Ontario, Canada (Canadian property). Decedent’s
       attorney had previously contacted Larry Douglas, a Canadian lawyer, to determine how to
       transfer the Canadian property into the trust under Canadian law. Douglas advised that the
       Canadian land titles act does not recognize interests in trust, and if title to the Canadian
       property was transferred to a trust, or if decedent were to pass away, the “title must be dealt
       with in such a way that [decedent] or her estate representative transfers title as opposed to
       the trust assigning *** title. In effect the title is transferred as if [decedent] held title
       personally without the recognition of the trust.” Decedent’s attorney further advised decedent
       that transferring the title of the Canadian property to the trust would not accomplish the
       avoidance of probate, and therefore, decedent did not transfer the title of the Canadian
       property into the trust.
¶9         Decedent passed away on August 26, 2009. Pursuant to a codicil to her will dated May
       4, 2007, Kristina was appointed as executor of the will and petitioned the probate division
       to probate decedent’s will and to be appointed independent executor of decedent’s estate. On
       November 10, 2009, the probate division entered an order admitting decedent’s will to
       probate and issuing letters of office to Kristina as independent executor. None of decedent’s
       remaining children filed a timely petition to contest the will and no objection was made to
       Kristina’s petition to be appointed independent executor. In addition, Kristina succeeded
       decedent as trustee of the trust.
¶ 10       In the original will, decedent named Wendy as her executor, but the May 15, 2007,
       codicil changed her executor to Kristina. The trust instrument provides that Wendy would
       succeed decedent as trustee. The record does not disclose any documentation reflecting
       decedent’s intent to change her intended successor trustee to Kristina. However, none of the
       parties dispute that Kristina was decedent’s intended successor trustee, and all parties,
       throughout the entirety of the proceedings, conducted themselves as if Kristina is the current
       trustee of the trust. The record makes reference to an amendment to the trust, dated May 15,
       2007, but no such amendment actually appears in the record, and that amendment may have
       appointed Kristina as successor trustee.

¶ 11                              II. Administration of the Estate
¶ 12       Kristina initiated probate proceedings in the circuit court of Cook County for the purpose
       of probating the Canadian property. In the course of the probate proceedings, decedent’s
       children filed multiple motions and petitions seeking relief from the probate division, which
       include the following.
¶ 13       On September 13, 2010, Eric and Wendy filed a petition requesting the probate division
       to compel Kristina to place the Canadian property on the market for sale and to distribute the

                                                 -3-
       proceeds of the sale. Kristina filed a response to the petition to compel, in which she referred
       to herself as “executor,” “executor-trustee,” and “trustee,” and argues that Eric and Wendy
       were not acting in the best interest of “the estate and trust.” At one point in the response,
       Kristina said the following: “The executor, who was also named by the decedent to be her
       successor as trustee of said trust, has made several significant distributions from the
       decedent’s trust to all of the beneficiaries of the trust, including [Eric and Wendy].”
¶ 14       On November 18, 2010, Eric and Wendy petitioned the probate division to remove
       Kristina as executor of decedent’s estate. The petition was not ruled upon but was dismissed
       pursuant to a stipulation.
¶ 15       On March 4, 2011, Neil’s attorney, Felipé Gomez, filed a general appearance on Neil’s
       behalf. On March 25, 2011, Gomez filed a notice of attorney’s lien on any proceeds
       distributed to Neil from the estate or the trust. On the same day, Gomez filed a motion to
       withdraw, which the probate division granted.
¶ 16       On May 2, 2011, Kristina filed a motion for instructions regarding the notice of
       attorney’s lien filed by Gomez. The motion reads as follows:
               “NOW COMES Kristina Heinzen, as independent executor and as trustee of the
           Barbara Burmeister Trust (the ‘Trust’), by her attorney Alan E. Sohn, and moves the
           court for instructions regarding the Notice of Attorney’s Lien of Felipé Gomez, former
           attorney of Neil Burmeister, and the payment of a pending interim distribution from the
           Trust otherwise payable to Neil Burmeister, and as her reasons therefore, states:
                   1. The independent executor is prepared to make an interim distribution of
               $25,000 from the Trust to each of the residuary beneficiaries thereof, including Neil
               Burmeister.
                   2. Felipé Gomez was the attorney for Neil Burmeister in connection with certain
               negotiations between and among the beneficiaries of the Trust and Kristina Heinzen,
               as independent executor and trustee of the Trust, regarding the timing and amount of
               distributions from the Trust, and other matters.
                   3. Certain of said beneficiaries and Kristina Heinzen have reached an accord
               regarding said matters, and Kristina Heinzen has agreed by reason of said accord to
               make the aforesaid distribution.
                   4. On March 25, 2011, Alan E. Sohn, as the attorney for Kristina Heinzen, was
               served by regular mail with the Notice of Attorney’s Lien of Felipé Gomez dated
               March 14, 2011 in which he claims to have an attorney’s lien on the interest of Neil
               Burmeister in the Trust and the estate herein. A true and accurate copy of said Notice
               of Attorney’s lien is attached hereto as Exhibit A.
                   5. The trustee and independent executor is uncertain regarding the validity of said
               claim of lien with regard to the interest of Neil Burmeister in the estate and the Trust,
               and therefore, respectfully requests that the Court provide instructions to her
               concerning the payment and distribution of Neil Burmeister’s share of the
               aforementioned interim distribution.
           Dated: April 27, 2011


                                                 -4-
                                    Respectfully submitted,
                                    Kristina Heinzen, Independent Executor

                                   By her attorney,
                                   Alan E. Sohn”
¶ 17       Also on May 2, 2011, the parties filed a stipulation to dismiss, providing that the parties
       consented to dismiss with prejudice both the petition to compel the sale of real estate and the
       petition to remove Kristina as executor. The stipulation stated that the court would retain
       jurisdiction over the matter to enforce “any settlement agreement.” (Emphasis added.) The
       stipulation was signed by Kristina’s attorney, referring to himself as “[c]ounsel for executor.”
       The probate division entered an agreed order dismissing the two petitions and stated that it
       retained jurisdiction over the matter to “enforce the settlement agreement.” (Emphasis
       added.)
¶ 18       Sometime between May 2, 2011, and August 2, 2011, Wendy filed a motion to compel
       a distribution of assets and requested an accounting. The record does not disclose this
       motion, but on August 2, 2011, the probate division entered an order continuing such a
       motion to August 16, 2011. On August 16, the trial court continued the motion to September
       8, 2011, and gave Neil’s new attorney leave to file an appearance on Neil’s behalf. On
       September 8, the court disposed of Wendy’s motion when it entered an order requiring
       Kristina to file an accounting before September 29, 2011.
¶ 19       On December 20, 2011, Wendy and Neil filed an objection to the accounting prepared
       by Kristina,1 arguing that Kristina paid attorney fees without requiring the attorney to file a
       fee petition with the court. Also on December 20, 2011, Wendy and Neil filed a petition to
       compel Kristina to distribute assets held in the estate. It is this petition that is the subject of
       this appeal. The petition stated that the Canadian property had been sold and that the estate
       held funds in excess of $500,000. The petition stated that the estate also held additional funds
       of $200,000, which had been set aside to pay Canadian capital gains taxes. The petition
       argued that Kristina had stated that she needed to “hold a reserve for potential litigation” and
       was therefore refusing to make distributions at that time. The petition further argues that
       there was no pending litigation related to the estate other than the objection to the attorney
       fees, and that Kristina advised that she would make the distributions conditional upon Wendy
       and Neil accepting the accounting, including the payment of the attorney fees. The petition
       requested that the court direct Kristina to “distribute all of the proceeds of the estate to the
       beneficiaries after retaining a reasonable reserve for attorney’s fees and the Canadian capital
       gains tax,” and to pay Wendy’s and Neil’s attorney fees generated by the filing of the
       petition.


               1
                 Kristina argues in her response to the objection that the accounting is a trust accounting,
       not an estate accounting, and therefore, she was not required to file it with the probate division.
       However, the accounting displays the caption for the probate proceeding. The accounting appears
       in the record as an exhibit attached to Wendy and Neil’s reply to Kristina’s response to the objection
       to the accounting.

                                                    -5-
¶ 20       On January 20, 2012, Kristina filed a response and a motion to strike the objection to the
       accounting. She argues that Wendy had previously entered into a settlement with Kristina,
       releasing Kristina, in her roles as executor and trustee, from all claims, expenses, and costs
       incurred with respect to defending the petitions and motions previously filed by Wendy, Eric,
       and Neil. The settlement agreement was attached to the response. Kristina further argues that
       Wendy and Neil were no longer interested persons with standing to raise the objection
       because the period in which to contest the will had expired. Kristina next argues that
       decedent owned no assets in her own name at the time of her death, with the exception of the
       Canadian property, having instead transferred all of her other assets to the trust. Kristina
       claimed that the sole reason for initiating the probate proceedings was to appoint a
       domiciliary executor to initiate an ancillary probate proceeding in Canada for the purpose of
       disposing of the Canadian property. Kristina argues that the Canadian property immediately
       vested in the trust, pursuant to the Illinois rule favoring the immediate vesting of interests in
       estates, and therefore was not subject to the jurisdiction of the probate division. Furthermore,
       she argues that neither she, in her role as trustee, nor the trust was a party to the proceedings,
       and, thus, the probate division lacked jurisdiction over her in her capacity as trustee and over
       the trust. Kristina argues that her attorney did not need to submit a petition for fees because
       the trust is administered separate from the probate proceedings, the services rendered by the
       attorney were exclusively for the trustee in managing the trust, and no funds of the estate
       were used to pay the fees. Finally, Kristina argues that the court’s involvement would
       impermissibly interfere with the intent of the decedent to avoid probate when she created the
       trust.
¶ 21       Kristina also filed a response to the petition to compel, where she argues that the
       decedent had no assets to probate in Illinois, because she transferred all of her assets to the
       trust, except for the Canadian property. Kristina also argues that neither she in her capacity
       as trustee nor the trust is a party to the probate proceedings, and as a result the court lacks
       personal and subject matter jurisdiction over the petition. Kristina further argues that Wendy
       and Neil’s litigious nature was interfering with her ability to carry out her duties as executor
       and trustee, and that she was forced to defend the various petitions her siblings filed and
       forced to use assets from the trust to defend against the petitions. Finally, Kristina argues that
       the court should be reluctant to interfere with the trustee’s discretion in administering the
       trust.
¶ 22       On May 23, 2012, the probate division entered an order finding that Kristina’s attorney
       did not need to petition the probate division for fees prior to being paid for the independent
       administration of the estate and denying Wendy and Neil’s objection to the accounting.
¶ 23       On June 4, 2012, the probate division entered an order on the petition to compel the
       distribution of assets, finding that it has jurisdiction over the trust assets and Kristina in her
       capacity as trustee and ordering Kristina to make partial distributions of $50,000 to each
       beneficiary of the trust. Kristina appeals.

¶ 24                                      ANALYSIS
¶ 25       Kristina argues on appeal that the June 4, 2012 order directing her to make a partial


                                                  -6-
       distribution is a nullity because she is not a party to the proceeding and that the probate
       division lacks personal jurisdiction over her as trustee.2 This is not a case where we are asked
       to decide the application of section 2-301 objections to jurisdiction over the person as the
       result of actions by a party. 735 ILCS 5/2-301 (West 2008). Here, we are asked to review an
       order of a trial court that found that the actions of a trustee of a trust submitted the trustee
       and the trust, who was not a party, to the jurisdiction of the probate division of the circuit
       court of Cook County.

¶ 26                                 I. Standard of Review
¶ 27      The issue of whether the circuit court has personal jurisdiction over a party is also a
       matter of law to be reviewed de novo. White v. Ratcliffe, 285 Ill. App. 3d 758, 764 (1996).
       De novo consideration means we perform the same analysis that a trial judge would perform.
       Khan v. BDO Seidman, LLP, 408 Ill. App. 3d 564, 578 (2011).

¶ 28                                        II. Jurisdiction
¶ 29       Kristina argues that the probate division’s order compelling her to make distributions was
       a nullity because she was not a party to the proceedings, and therefore, the probate division
       lacked personal jurisdiction over her. She argues that she was not served with process or
       named as a party in the proceedings, and thus, the court’s order made her a “de facto, albeit
       unwilling and nonconsensual party to the proceeding.”
¶ 30       Courts have no power to adjudicate a personal claim or obligation unless they have
       personal jurisdiction over the parties. Vanderbilt v. Vanderbilt, 354 U.S. 416, 418 (1957).
       A court attempting to enforce a claim against the person or property of an absent party would
       not satisfy due process required by the fifth and fourteenth amendments to the United States
       Constitution. Hansberry v. Lee, 311 U.S. 32, 41 (1940).
¶ 31       Kristina cites In re A.M., 128 Ill. App. 3d 100 (1984), to argue that the probate division
       did not have jurisdiction over her because she was never served with process. In A.M., this
       court stated that “[g]enerally, a court acquires jurisdiction over a person only after a proper
       service of summons.” (Emphasis added.) A.M., 128 Ill. App. 3d at 103 (citing Augsburg v.
       Frank’s Car Wash, Inc., 103 Ill. App. 3d 329, 333 (1982)). There are exceptions to this
       general rule, and if a party voluntarily appears or is allowed to intervene, the court will obtain
       jurisdiction over the party.3 A.M., 128 Ill. App. 3d at 103-04; Augsburg, 103 Ill. App. 3d at
       333.
¶ 32       According to the Illinois Code of Civil Procedure:

               2
                 Kristina states in the “Issues Presented For Review” section of her opening brief that the
       probate division lacked subject matter jurisdiction over the trust. However, she does not argue this
       issue in her brief.
               3
                 This court acknowledged in a footnote that voluntary appearances and intervention are not
       exceptions to the rule that a party must be served before a court will have jurisdiction over it but,
       rather, are a waiver of the right to challenge jurisdiction. A.M., 128 Ill. App. 3d at 104 n.1.

                                                   -7-
                “(a) Prior to the filing of any other pleading or motion other than a motion for an
            extension of time to answer or otherwise appear, a party may object to the court’s
            jurisdiction over the party’s person, either on the ground that the party is not amenable
            to process of a court of this State or on the ground of insufficiency of process or
            insufficiency of service of process, by filing a motion to dismiss the entire proceeding
            or any cause of action involved in the proceeding or by filing a motion to quash service
            of process.” 735 ILCS 5/2-301(a) (West 2008).
       Furthermore, if a party objecting to jurisdiction over the person “files a responsive pleading
       or a motion (other than a motion for an extension of time to answer or otherwise appear)
       prior to the filing of a motion in compliance with subsection (a), that party waives all
       objections to the court’s jurisdiction over the party’s person.” 735 ILCS 5/2-301(a-5) (West
       2008). For the purposes of section 2-301(a-5), a “pleading” is a party’s formal allegation of
       a party’s claims or defenses, and a “motion” is “ ‘an application to the court for a ruling or
       an order in a pending case.’ ” KSAC Corp. v. Recycle Free, Inc., 364 Ill. App. 3d 593, 597
       (2006) (quoting In re Marriage of Wolff, 355 Ill. App. 3d 403, 407 (2005)).
¶ 33        On November 4, 2010, Kristina filed a response to one of the many petitions and motions
       filed by her siblings during the course of the proceedings below. In this response, Kristina
       alternatively referred to herself as “executor,” “executor-trustee,” and “trustee.” Her attorney
       signed the response as the “Attorney for Defendant,” not specifying whether he was
       representing her in her capacity as executor, trustee, or both.
¶ 34        Kristina cites to Goodkind v. Bartlett, 153 Ill. 419 (1894), to argue that the references to
       herself as “executor-trustee” and “trustee” in the response did not amount to her submitting
       herself, as trustee, to the jurisdiction of the probate division. The Illinois Supreme Court held
       in Goodkind that, in the absence of a statute permitting it, persons “cannot be made parties
       litigant by mere descriptio persona, but must be designated by name, both in the process and
       in the judgment.” Goodkind, 153 Ill. at 423. In Goodkind, the bill and summons named “John
       N. Hummer and ... Hummer, his wife” as defendants. Goodkind, 153 Ill. at 423. The bill and
       summons did not refer to Hummer’s wife by name, but instead stated that she existed by
       describing her relationship to Hummer as his wife. Goodkind, 153 Ill. at 423. Our supreme
       court determined that the reference to Rachel Hummer, Hummer’s wife, without naming her,
       was insufficient to make her a party to the proceeding. Goodkind, 153 Ill. at 423.
¶ 35        The Goodkind case is distinguishable to the case at bar. Kristina was never served with
       process, but became a party to the proceedings by her own actions. She made a motion for
       instructions from the trial court regarding the notice of attorney’s lien of Felipé Gomez, as
       it pertained to the payment of a pending interim distribution from the trust to Neil. This
       motion involved the trust and submitted the trust and herself as trustee to the jurisdiction of
       the court. As our supreme court instructed in Lord v. Hubert, “a person cannot, by his
       voluntary action, invite the court to exercise its jurisdiction and at the same time deny that
       jurisdiction exists.” Lord v. Hubert, 12 Ill. 2d 83, 87 (1957) (citing Supreme Hive Ladies of
       the Maccabees of the World v. Harrington, 227 Ill. 511, 525 (1907)). The sole object of
       process is to notify the defendant of pending litigation so as to secure his appearance, and
       though not named as a party in the original action, a person may subsequently appear even
       after judgment and become bound by the foregoing proceedings as if initially served. People

                                                 -8-
       v. Estep, 6 Ill. 2d 127, 128 (1955); Marsh v. Green, 79 Ill. 385, 387 (1875); 3 Am. Jur.
       Appearances § 37.
¶ 36       In the Lord case, our supreme court stated that “[a]lthough the court participation may
       come in many forms, suffice to say that any action taken by the litigant which recognizes the
       case as in court will amount to a general appearance unless such action was for the sole
       purpose of objecting to the jurisdiction.” Lord, 12 Ill. 2d at 87 (citing Estep, 6 Ill. 2d at 128;
       and Supreme Hive Ladies, 227 Ill. at 524).
¶ 37       The Lord plaintiff, Clair Max Lord, took the position that although his interest antedated
       an initial partition of certain farmlands in McLean County where he was not a party, any
       interest which he had in the property at the time could not have been extinguished by those
       proceedings. Lord, 12 Ill. 2d at 84. The decree of partition expressly found that Edward Lord
       was the only child of Guy Lord, not mentioning Clair Max Lord, who was also a son of Guy
       Lord. Lord, 12 Ill. 2d at 85. Clair lived with his mother and joined with her in filing a
       complaint to cause the net income from a trust from monies received from the partition suit
       held by the Corn Belt Bank, as trustee for Guy Lord to be paid to her for his support. Lord,
       12 Ill. 2d at 85. Clair was successful in this litigation. Lord, 12 Ill. 2d at 85. Our supreme
       court found:
                “There is no question but what Lord was neither served with process nor appeared
           prior to the date of the original partition sale. However, in 1940 he joined as plaintiff in
           a separate proceeding to obtain the trust income derived from proceeds of said sale, and
           in 1953 petitioned the court in the original partition cause to terminate such trust and pay
           the proceeds over to him as the ultimate beneficiary. In both of these actions Lord not
           only acknowledged the existence of the prior partition proceedings but by seeking the
           benefits thereof also admitted their validity. Since the trust corpus and sale arose from
           the same litigation, Lord cannot champion one and challenge the other.” (Emphasis in
           original.) Lord, 12 Ill. 2d at 86-87.
¶ 38       In the case at bar, once Kristina requested the trial court to rule on a trust matter, she
       submitted the trust and herself as trustee to the jurisdiction of the court. Kristina cannot by
       her voluntary action of requesting instructions from the court pertaining to the trust, deny that
       jurisdiction exists because she received an adverse ruling. Lord, 12 Ill. 2d at 87. Kristina
       submitted herself as trustee and the trust to the jurisdiction of the court.

¶ 39                                       CONCLUSION
¶ 40       Once Kristina, as trustee of the trust, requested instructions from the probate judge
       pertaining to a trust matter, she submitted the trust and herself as trustee to the jurisdiction
       of the court.

¶ 41       Affirmed.




                                                  -9-
