AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed October 23, 2014.




                                          S   In The
                                Court of Appeals
                         Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                       No. 05-13-00880-CR

                         TRAVARUS ANTWAUN SHEAD, Appellant
                                        V.
                            THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

                      On Appeal from the 363rd Judicial District Court
                                   Dallas County, Texas
                           Trial Court Cause No. F12-55887-W

                             MEMORANDUM OPINION
                         Before Justices O’Neill, Lang-Miers, and Brown
                                 Opinion by Justice Lang-Miers
       A jury found appellant Travarus Antwaun Shead guilty of robbery and assessed his

punishment, enhanced with a prior felony conviction, at 30 years in prison. On appeal, appellant

argues that the conviction must be reversed because the evidence is insufficient (1) to show he

committed the offense or that (2) the victim suffered bodily injury or was threatened or placed in

fear of imminent bodily injury or death. We affirm the judgment. We issue this memorandum

opinion because the issues are settled. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(a), .4.

                                     FACTUAL BACKGROUND

       Jacob Reyna was cleaning out trash cans and performing outside chores at a Shell gas

station in Dallas late in the evening on May 14, 2012. He noticed a car on pump five with “like

three” individuals. The occupants of the car got out, went to the restroom, bought some things,

and got back in the car. Then one man got out of the car and the car drove off without him.
Reyna asked the man if he could be of assistance, and the man “kind of shook his head[.]”

Reyna said “the next thing I heard was a lady hollering in the background, help me, call the

police, what do you want, get away from me.” He saw a lady “trying to hang on to her purse as

much as she possibly could.” She was struggling with the man he saw get out of the car earlier.

They struggled and fell to the parking lot, but the man never got the lady’s purse. Reyna called

to the station attendant to get help. Then he noticed that the man and lady stopped arguing, the

lady stopped hollering, and the man jumped up and drove off in the lady’s car.

       Laurie Russell testified that on May 14, 2012, she was driving a rental car because her car

was in the shop for repairs. She stopped at a Shell gas station around 11 p.m. to buy a cell phone

charger because her cell phone battery was dead. A car with four guys was there when she drove

up, and she parked in the lane farthest from them. Although the station was open, the inside of

the store was closed to customers at that time of night, so she was shopping through the window.

She stooped down to look at the phone chargers and “someone yanked [her] purse on the back.”

A man “jerked” her shoulder “really hard.” She was trying to hold onto her purse while the

robber was yanking on it, “so he kind of jerked me all over the – a little bit over the parking lot.”

Video surveillance showed the robber grabbing Russell’s purse and the two struggling on the

parking lot and around the gas pumps. The robber told Russell to give him the purse. She said

that by the time they were by the gas pump, “he said, bitch, give me your purse or I’ll shoot

you.” He said, “[L]ook at this bitch. Bitch, give me the purse or I’ll shoot you in the head.” She

did not see a weapon. He hit her a couple of times on the neck and upper chest area, but she said

it did not hurt. During the struggle, they fell to the parking lot, which caused her pain. She

sustained scrapes on her back, shoulder, and knees. She said the struggle was “intense” and she

had difficulty describing it for the jury. She said, “It was a shock for me.” She fell on her purse

and the robber was unable to get it. But she dropped her car keys during the struggle, and the

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robber picked them up and drove off in her car. Russell saw a cell phone on the ground in the

area where they struggled and picked it up. She did not see the cell phone drop during the

struggle and did not know if it had been there before the struggle.

       While waiting for the police to arrive, Russell called a couple of the numbers that had

been recently dialed on the cell phone. She talked to two different women, but neither would

give her any information about the phone’s owner. Several days later Russell looked at a photo

line-up. She said five of the six photos did not match her attacker, but one she was “not sure”

about. It was appellant’s photograph. Surveillance video from the gas station was not clear

enough to identify the robber.

       Officer Jakarsha Carter responded to the robbery call. She described Russell as “very

upset,” “kind of scared,” and “shaking a little bit.” She said Russell’s face was a little red, but

she did not have any visible injuries and declined medical treatment. Russell gave the officer the

cell phone she found.

       Dallas police detective Alberto Layton was assigned to investigate the robbery. He called

Russell, who told him what happened and about the cell phone she found. Layton obtained a

search warrant for the phone and found appellant’s email address on the phone.               He also

determined that the number assigned to the phone belonged to appellant on the day of the

robbery. Appellant was arrested for the robbery a few days later, and Layton interviewed him.

Appellant admitted the phone was his, but said he had lost it about two months before. He

denied committing the robbery and said he was with his girlfriend the night of the robbery. At

the time of the offense, appellant was living with his girlfriend and his girlfriend’s twin sister and

her boyfriend, Arnald Greagor. The detective told appellant that he was headed to appellant’s

girlfriend’s house to interview her. By the time the detective arrived at the girlfriend’s house,

appellant had called her and told her to tell the detective he was with her at the time of the

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robbery. He also told her to take “her car” to a certain place for a “tune-up.” The girlfriend

moved the car behind the house and told the detective that appellant was with her at home on the

night of the robbery.

       Even though the girlfriend confirmed appellant’s alibi, Layton still believed appellant

was involved. He retrieved contacts, photos, and other data from the phone, including a video of

appellant and his girlfriend date-stamped a week before the robbery.            Then he knew that

appellant had lied about losing his phone a couple of months before.              A few days after

appellant’s arrest, the police stopped the girlfriend while she was driving Russell’s rental car and

arrested her. The police found appellant’s fingerprint on a CD inside the vehicle.             Other

fingerprints taken from the vehicle were inconclusive—appellant could not be excluded or

identified as the person who left those prints. The girlfriend admitted to Layton that she lied

about appellant being with her on the night of the robbery. She also told Layton that appellant

confessed to her that he committed the robbery.

       Greagor, the boyfriend of appellant’s girlfriend’s twin sister, testified that he had known

appellant less than six months and that appellant had been living in Greagor’s house. He said

appellant came to the house the evening of May 14, 2012, in a new car and “was trying to use the

[house] phone.” Appellant said he lost his cell phone. Eventually appellant told Greagor that he

got the car from a lady at a Shell gas station. Greagor testified that appellant said he was trying

to “get some money or something from the lady and started wrestling with her and he couldn’t

get no money, so he took the car.” Appellant said he “was just tussling with her to get her purse,

and she fell on her purse, trying to – trying to hold on to the purse, and he took the car.”

       While appellant was in jail awaiting trial, he wrote letters to his girlfriend and Greagor.

He told Greagor he could “plead the 5th” or “tell the jury that the D.A. told you to make these




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false charges against me or they will give you a lot of time.” He said “just tell them folks the

truth I didn’t do it.” He told his girlfriend,

        All you got to do is not show up, and if you do just tell the jury you said what you
        said to detective because they said they would take your kids and give you a lot of
        prison time so out of fear you only told all they told you to say on recorder or
        write on paper. That easy. And then you can refuse any more ?’s or just tell them
        you would like to plead the 5th – meaning you don’t have to say shit. Best option
        just don’t show up.

        Appellant testified in his defense and denied committing the robbery. He said he got off

work from his regular job at 3 p.m. on May 14, 2012, and took the bus and a train to his sister-in-

law’s house in Plano where he helped her with her non-profit organization called Cheer Life

Foundation. He said he talks to a group of kids to try to prevent them from joining gangs and

from “liv[ing] the same type of lifestyle that I used to live[.]” When he left there, he went to his

sister’s house, which he said was more than 10 to 20 miles from Plano. His sister dropped him

off at his girlfriend’s house around 10:30 p.m. He said he gave his cell phone to Greagor that

morning before he left for work and lied about it to the detective “to cover basically for Arnald.”

Appellant said Greagor drove the stolen vehicle to the house and was using it after the date of the

offense. He said he rode in the stolen car “like twice” but “told them to drop me off at the bus

stop[.]” He also said the service to his phone was disconnected in March of that year, so it had

“been off, you know, a couple of months already. The only thing you could basically do on the

phone is use it as a walkie-talkie or – or alarm . . . .” He said he gave it to Greagor that day

because Greagor did not have a watch and needed to use it “to wake up later on that day[.]”

When asked how Russell was able to use the phone to make calls after the robbery, appellant

said, “That’s a total lie.” He said there was “no way” she could have used his phone to make

calls because “[i]t was impossible.”




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                          STANDARD OF REVIEW AND APPLICABLE LAW

         When an appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support a conviction, we

review all the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict to determine whether any

rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable

doubt. Wise v. State, 364 S.W.3d 900, 903 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012). Evidence is sufficient if

“the inferences necessary to establish guilt are reasonable based upon the cumulative force of all

the evidence when considered in the light most favorable to the verdict.” Id. If the evidence is

conflicting, we “‘presume that the factfinder resolved the conflicts in favor of the prosecution’

and defer to that determination.” Id. (quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 326 (1979)).

This standard is the same for both direct and circumstantial evidence. Id.

         A person commits robbery when

         in the course of committing theft as defined in Chapter 31 and with intent to
         obtain or maintain control of the property, he:

                (1) intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another;
         or

               (2) intentionally or knowingly threatens or places another in fear of
         imminent bodily injury or death.

TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 29.02 (West 2011). The indictment charged that appellant

         did then and there intentionally and knowingly, while in the course of committing
         theft of property and with intent to obtain or maintain control of said property,
         threaten or place LAURIE RUSSELL in fear of imminent bodily injury and death,

         and further, said defendant did then and there intentionally and knowingly, while
         in the course of committing theft of property and with intent to obtain or maintain
         control of said property, cause bodily injury, to LAURIE RUSSELL, hereinafter
         called complainant, by STRIKING COMPLAINANT’S HEAD WITH
         DEFENDANT’S HAND AND FIST[.]

         The jury charge tracked the indictment. It instructed the jury that “bodily injury” means

“physical pain, illness, or any impairment of physical condition.” Id. § 1.07(8) (West Supp.

2014).

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                                           DISCUSSION

       Appellant argues that the evidence is insufficient to show he committed the offense

because Russell was unable to identify him, no one at the scene identified him, and the

surveillance video was not clear enough to make an identification of the robber. He argues that

the only link between him and the robbery was his cell phone, and he testified that he lent the

phone to Greagor on the day of the offense.

       We conclude that the evidence and reasonable inferences from the evidence were

sufficient to allow the jury to conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant committed the

robbery. The detective testified that the person on the video surveillance matched the general

description Russell gave of her attacker. And although Russell was unable to positively identify

appellant as the attacker from the photo line-up, she was unable to exclude him as the robber, as

she did with the other five photos. Other evidence showed that appellant lied about his cell

phone being lost, and when he was caught in the lie, he made up another story about lending the

phone to Greagor and lying about it to cover for him. Appellant also testified that service to his

cell phone had been disconnected two months before the robbery, but when asked how Russell

was able to make calls on it the night of the robbery, he said, “That’s a total lie” and it would

have been “impossible” for her to do so. Additionally, appellant’s fingerprint was found on a

CD inside the stolen vehicle, and other prints found in the car could not be excluded as belonging

to him. And appellant’s girlfriend and Greagor testified that appellant confessed to the robbery

to them. Appellant argues that his girlfriend and Greagor were not credible witnesses, but

credibility determinations are solely the province of the jury, and this Court must “‘defer to the

jury’s credibility and weight determinations[.]’” Thornton v. State, 425 S.W.3d 289, 303 (Tex.

Crim. App. 2014) (quoting Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 899 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010)). The

jury also heard appellant’s recorded phone call from jail to his girlfriend about getting rid of the

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car before the detective arrived to interview her and telling the detective that he was with her the

night of the robbery. And prior to trial, appellant wrote his girlfriend and Greagor letters telling

them to “plead the 5th” or, if they did testify, how to explain their statements to the detective that

appellant confessed to the robbery. He told his girlfriend it would be best if she did not show up

for trial. The jury in this case chose to believe appellant’s girlfriend and Greagor.

       Appellant also argues that the evidence is insufficient to prove that Russell either suffered

bodily injury or was threatened or placed in fear of imminent bodily injury or death. He points

to Russell’s testimony that it did not hurt her when appellant hit her and the officer’s testimony

that Russell did not have visible injuries. But Russell also testified that she sustained scrapes on

her body and that it was painful when she fell to the parking lot as she struggled with appellant

over the purse. Russell’s physical pain and scrapes as a result of resisting appellant’s attempt to

rob her are sufficient to show “bodily injury” for purposes of a robbery conviction. TEX. PENAL

CODE ANN. § 1.07(8); Lane v. State, 763 S.W.2d 785, 786–87 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989); Arzaga v.

State, 86 S.W.3d 767, 778 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2002, no pet.).

       We conclude that the evidence is sufficient to support the conviction.            We resolve

appellant’s two issues against him and affirm the trial court’s judgment.




                                                       /Elizabeth Lang-Miers/
                                                       ELIZABETH LANG-MIERS
                                                       JUSTICE

Do Not Publish
TEX. R. APP. P. 47

130880F.U05




                                                 –8–
                                       S
                              Court of Appeals
                       Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                      JUDGMENT

TRAVARUS ANTWAUN SHEAD,                            On Appeal from the 363rd Judicial District
Appellant                                          Court, Dallas County, Texas
                                                   Trial Court Cause No. F12-55887-W.
No. 05-13-00880-CR        V.                       Opinion delivered by Justice Lang-Miers,
                                                   Justices O’Neill and Brown participating.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

       Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.


Judgment entered this 23rd day of October, 2013.




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