[Cite as State v. Myers, 2012-Ohio-5917.]




            IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, OHIO

STATE OF OHIO                                       :

        Plaintiff-Appellee                          :            C.A. CASE NO.    2011 CA 36

v.                                                  :            T.C. NO.   09CR29

RENE R. MYERS                                       :            (Criminal appeal from
                                                                 Common Pleas Court)
        Defendant-Appellant                         :

                                                    :

                                            ..........

                                            OPINION

                         Rendered on the     14th       day of      December     , 2012.

                                            ..........

NICK A. SELVAGGIO, Atty. Reg. No. 0055607, Prosecuting Attorney, 200 N. Main Street,
Urbana, Ohio 43078
      Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee

BARBARA A. LAHMANN, Atty. Reg. No. 0039156, 65 Tahlequah Trail, Springboro, Ohio
45066
      Attorney for Defendant-Appellant

                                            ..........

FROELICH, J.

        {¶ 1}      Rene R. Myers appeals from a judgment of the Champaign County Court of
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Common Pleas, which required her to pay the court costs of her community control

revocation proceedings upon terminating Myers’s community control and returning her to

prison. Myers claims that the trial court erred in ordering her to pay court costs without

telling her of that requirement at her revocation/sentencing hearing, that the court failed to

consider her ability to pay court costs, and that the court improperly imposed

court-appointed counsel fees.

                                              I.

       {¶ 2}     In 2009, Myers pled guilty to one count of illegal distribution of a

dangerous drug. The court sentenced her to three years of community control, which

included a requirement that she successfully complete a program at the West Central

Community-Based Correctional Facility.        Myers subsequently violated her community

control. In January 2011, the court determined that she was not amenable to community

control, and it ordered her to serve 18 months in prison.

       {¶ 3}     After approximately three months in prison, Myers sought judicial release.

In April 2011, the court granted judicial release and extended Myers’s community control to

five years. (This decision was memorialized in a journal entry dated May 11, 2011.)        In

November 2011, Myers was notified that she had violated her community control in August

2011 by stealing merchandise from Wal-Mart, failing to notify her supervising officer of

police contact, and associating with an individual with a criminal background. In a separate

notice, Myers was also accused of violating her community control in October 2011 by

driving under suspension. At the November 2011 dispositional hearing, Myers admitted to

three of the alleged violations. The trial court revoked her community control and ordered
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her to serve the 18-month sentence. The court did not orally inform Myers that she would

be required to pay the costs of the revocation proceedings.

       {¶ 4}     In its judgment entry, the trial court included a requirement that Myers pay

the costs of the community control violation proceedings. The judgment entry stated:

       Defendant shall pay the costs of the community control violation proceedings.

        The Court found from the information presented that Defendant is not

       indigent for costs, fine and restitution payment purposes and Defendant is

       employable after release from custody. If Defendant fails to pay as ordered

       the Court may order community service and community service will apply as

       a credit to the costs judgment.

       {¶ 5}     Myers appeals from the trial court’s judgment.

                                               II.

       {¶ 6}     In a single assignment of error, Myers claims that the trial court erred in

ordering her to pay court costs in three respects. First, she argues that the trial court erred in

imposing court costs in the judgment entry without first orally advising her of that

requirement at the sentencing hearing. Second, she contends that the trial court failed to

consider her ability to pay those costs. Third, Myers asserts that the court lacked the

authority to require her to pay court-appointed counsel costs as a sanction for her criminal

conviction.

       {¶ 7}     Myers first claims that the trial court erred in including court costs in the

judgment entry without first notifying her, at sentencing, that costs would be imposed.

       {¶ 8}     Under R.C. 2947.23, a trial court is required to impose court costs against
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all convicted defendants, even those who are indigent. See State v. White, 103 Ohio St.3d

580, 2004-Ohio-5989, 817 N.E.2d 393, ¶ 8.          “[A]lthough costs in criminal cases are

assessed at sentencing and are included in the sentencing entry, costs are not punishment, but

are more akin to a civil judgment for money.” State v. Threatt, 108 Ohio St.3d 277,

2006-Ohio-905, 843 N.E.2d 164, ¶ 15. A trial court may waive the payment of costs, but an

indigent defendant must move for such waiver at sentencing. State v. Joseph, 125 Ohio

St.3d 76, 2010-Ohio-954, 926 N.E.2d 278, ¶ 11-12.

       {¶ 9}     In Joseph, the Ohio Supreme Court made clear that the trial court must

orally notify a defendant at sentencing that the court is imposing court costs. Id. at ¶ 22,

citing Crim.R. 43(A) (a defendant must be present at every stage of his or her trial, including

sentencing). Citing Joseph, the State acknowledges that “[t]he imposition of costs in a

judgment entry without having first pronounced those costs in open court violates the

defendant’s Crim.R. 43(A) right to be present at sentencing.” The State concedes that the

trial court’s failure to mention costs at Myers’s November 2011 sentencing was error.

       {¶ 10}    We agree that Myers’s first issue has merit. Accordingly, this matter must

be remanded to the trial court to allow Myers the opportunity to seek a waiver of the

payment of court costs.

       {¶ 11}    Myers next contends that the trial court should have considered her ability

to pay before imposing costs. R.C. 2929.19(B)(6) requires the trial court to consider the

defendant’s present and future ability to pay before imposing any financial sanction under

R.C. 2929.18. State v. Twitty, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24296, 2011-Ohio-4725, ¶ 23.

Financial sanctions include, for example, restitution, fines, and reimbursement of the costs
                                                                                          5

of community control sanctions, confinement, or monitoring devices. R.C. 2929.18.

       {¶ 12}    Court costs, which are governed by R.C. 2947.23, are not financial

sanctions.    State v. Smith, 3d Dist. Allen No. 1-07-32, 2007-Ohio-6552, ¶ 11.

Consequently, R.C. 2929.19 is inapplicable to court costs, and the trial court need not

consider a defendant’s ability to pay under R.C. 2929.19 prior to imposing such costs. E.g,

id.; Columbus v. Kiner, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 11AP-543, 2011-Ohio-6462. Although the

trial court was not required to consider Myers’s ability to pay before imposing costs, Myers

may seek a waiver of the payment of court costs due to indigency upon remand.

       {¶ 13}    Finally, Myers contends that the trial court erred in ordering her to pay

court-appointed counsel fees as part of her criminal sanctions.

       {¶ 14}    Myers was informed prior to the appointment of her attorney that she would

be “required to pay back the cost of the legal services.” However, nothing in the record

demonstrates that Myers was ultimately required to pay attorney fees. She was not told at

sentencing that the court was assessing the cost of her court-appointed counsel, and

court-appointed counsel fees were not included in the termination entry. Court-appointed

counsel fees are not assessed as a portion of court costs. R.C. 120.33(A)(4) (“The fees and

expenses approved by the court shall not be taxed as part of the costs * * *.”); R.C.

2941.51(D) (same).

       {¶ 15}    A trial court speaks through its journal entries. E.g., State v. Boles, 2d

Dist. Montgomery No. 23037, 2011-Ohio-3720, ¶ 34, citing Hairston v. Seidner, 88 Ohio

St.3d 57, 58, 723 N.E.2d 575 (2000). The termination entry reflects that Myers was not

ordered to pay court-appointed counsel fees as part of her sentence. Myers’s third issue is
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without merit.

       {¶ 16}    Myers’s assignment of error is sustained in part and overruled in part.

                                             III.

       {¶ 17}    The portion of the trial court’s judgment imposing court costs will be

reversed, and the matter will be remanded to the trial court for resentencing on the issue of

court costs only, so that Myers has the opportunity to move the trial court for waiver of the

payment of those costs. In all other respects, the judgment will be affirmed.

                                         ..........

FAIN, J. and DONOVAN, J., concur.

Copies mailed to:

Nick A. Selvaggio
Barbara A. Lahmann
Hon. Roger B. Wilson
