                               COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


Present: Judges Kelsey, Petty and Beales
Argued by teleconference


CHRISTOPHER HARRIS
                                                                MEMORANDUM OPINION ∗ BY
v.     Record No. 2317-09-1                                      JUDGE WILLIAM G. PETTY
                                                                       JULY 5, 2011
JEANETTE HARRIS


                FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF PORTSMOUTH
                               Johnny E. Morrison, Judge

                 Allyson D. Lee for appellant.

                 Darell Sayer (Ferrell, Sayer & Nicolo, P.C., on brief), for appellee.

                 Betsy E. Cornatzer-Slate, Guardian ad litem for the minor
                 children. 1


       Appellant, Christopher Harris (“father”), appeals from an order of the circuit court

awarding custody of the parties’ two minor children to appellee, Jeanette Harris (“mother”). On

appeal, father assigns the following errors to the trial court’s decision: (1) the trial court deviated

from the best-interests-of-the-child standard by not allowing the admission of certain evidence

and by not following the guardian ad litem’s recommendation; (2) the trial court erred by

admitting mother’s home study into evidence and by not allowing father to call the study’s

preparer to the stand; (3) the trial court erred in determining that an award of primary physical

custody to mother was in the children’s best interests; and (4) the trial court erred in failing to




       ∗
           Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
       1
        Pursuant to Rule 5A:19(d), the guardian ad litem joined with the appellant. The
guardian ad litem filed her own brief and presented oral argument.
articulate, either orally or in writing, the basis for its decision. For the following reasons, we

conclude that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to admit the psychological

evaluations of the children for the reason that it did. Thus, we reverse the judgment of the trial

court and remand for a new trial.

       Because the parties are fully conversant with the record in this case and this

memorandum opinion carries no precedential value, we recite only those facts and incidents of

the proceedings as are necessary to the parties’ understanding of the disposition of this appeal. 2

       Father argues that the trial court deviated from the best-interests-of-the-child standard by

not admitting certain psychological evaluations of the children into evidence. Because of the

reason given by the trial court for its refusal to admit the evaluations, we agree that the trial court

abused its discretion in this instance.

       “‘The admissibility of evidence is within the broad discretion of the trial court, and a

ruling will not be disturbed on appeal in the absence of an abuse of discretion.’” Bynum v.

Commonwealth, 57 Va. App. 487, 490, 704 S.E.2d 131, 133 (2011) (quoting Gonzales v.

Commonwealth, 45 Va. App. 375, 380, 611 S.E.2d 616, 618 (2005) (en banc)). In ruling on

matters within its discretion in a child custody case, a trial court must remember that “[i]n

matters of custody, visitation, and related child care issues, the court’s paramount concern is

always the best interests of the child.” Farley v. Farley, 9 Va. App. 326, 327-28, 387 S.E.2d 794,




       2
          Pursuant to Rule 5A:8(c), father filed a “written statement of facts, testimony, and other
incidents of the case,” instead of filing an actual transcript of the proceedings below.
Inexplicably, father failed to include the full statement of facts in the appendix. Mother argues
that we should affirm because “the appendix filed . . . does not contain parts of the record that are
essential to the resolution of the issue[s] before us.” Patterson v. City of Richmond, 39 Va. App.
706, 717, 576 S.E.2d 759, 765 (2003). However, in this case, we have chosen to exercise our
discretionary authority to “consider other parts of the record” besides those contained in the
appendix. Rule 5A:25(h). In so doing, we in no way condone father’s laxity in failing to include
the full statement of facts (which was only forty-seven pages long) in the appendix.
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795 (1990); see also Mullen v. Mullen, 188 Va. 259, 269, 49 S.E.2d 349, 354 (1948) (“In

Virginia, we have established the rule that the welfare of the infant is the primary, paramount,

and controlling consideration of the court in all controversies between parents over the custody

of their minor children. All other matters are subordinate.”).

       In Armistead v. Armistead, 228 Va. 352, 357, 322 S.E.2d 836, 838 (1984), the Supreme

Court reversed a custody decision because “the chancellor excluded evidence which may have

been relevant to the determination of [the child’s] best interests.” Likewise, this Court reversed a

custody decision where the trial court “erroneously excluded evidence on a matter directly

concerning the child’s best interest.” M.E.D. v. J.P.M., 3 Va. App. 391, 407, 350 S.E.2d 215,

225 (1986). Thus, if the child’s best interests are the “paramount concern” of the trial court,

Farley, 9 Va. App. at 327-28, 387 S.E.2d at 795, it is an abuse of the trial court’s discretion to

exclude evidence relevant to determining those best interests without a compelling reason for

doing so.

       Here, the trial court excluded psychological evaluations of the children. These

evaluations had been ordered by the Portsmouth Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court

(“J&DR court”) when the issue of child custody and visitation was before that court. Upon the

recommendations of the preparer of the evaluations and the guardian ad litem, and after

reviewing the evaluations in camera, the J&DR court decided to seal the evaluations, citing

safety concerns for the children, who were at that time in mother’s custody. During the

proceedings in the trial court below, father asked the trial court to unseal the evaluations and use

them as evidence. Mother objected, noting that the evaluations were approximately a year old at

that point. However, this does not necessarily mean that the evaluations were irrelevant to a

determination of the children’s best interests a year after they were completed. Moreover, the




                                                -3-
trial court did not exclude the evaluations for this reason. Rather, it simply indicated that the

J&DR court had a reason for sealing these evaluations and that the trial court would not disturb

the J&DR court’s ruling or use the evaluations in the current proceeding. By itself, this was not

a compelling reason for the trial court to exclude the psychological evaluations of the children.

If the trial court was concerned about the need for the evaluations to remain sealed and

inaccessible to the parties, the trial court could have simply reviewed the evaluations in camera

and then ordered them to be resealed. The mere fact that the J&DR court had ordered the

evaluations to be sealed was no reason for the trial court to ignore relevant evidence as it sought

to determine what was in the best interests of the children.

       Since the evaluations were sealed, we will not discuss their specific contents in this

opinion. However, upon our review of these evaluations, we can state that their contents were

relevant to the “mental condition of the child[ren],” as well as “[t]he relationship existing

between each parent and each child.” See Code § 20-124.3 (prescribing certain factors the trial

court is to consider in determining a child’s best interests for purposes of making a custody

decision). Thus, in excluding these evaluations, the trial court “excluded evidence which may

have been relevant to the determination of [the children’s] best interests.” Armistead, 228 Va. at

357, 322 S.E.2d at 838. The trial court’s stated reason for its decision was insufficient to justify

this exclusion. Accordingly, we hold that the trial court abused its discretion in excluding the

psychological evaluations.

       For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the judgment of the trial court and remand for a

new trial. In light of this disposition, we see no need to address the remaining issues father has




                                                -4-
raised on appeal, as he is free to raise those issues again on remand and they may arise under

different circumstances upon retrial. 3

                                                                          Reversed and remanded.




       3
          We note, however, that at least father’s fourth assignment of error was not properly
preserved for our review. Father assigns error to the trial court’s failure to articulate, either
orally or in writing, the basis for its decision regarding custody and visitation. See Code
§ 20-124.3 (requiring the trial court to “communicate to the parties the basis of [its] decision
[regarding child custody and visitation] either orally or in writing”). However, the record before
us reveals no objection to this failure below. Therefore, Rule 5A:18 would bar our consideration
of this issue did we see the need to address other assignments of error. See Robinson v.
Commonwealth, 13 Va. App. 574, 576, 413 S.E.2d 885, 886 (1992) (“The purpose of the
contemporaneous objection rule embodied in Rule 5A:18 is to inform the trial judge of the action
complained of in order to give the judge the opportunity to consider the issue and to take timely
corrective action, if warranted, in order to avoid unnecessary appeals, reversals and mistrials.”).
         Furthermore, in her brief, the guardian ad litem attempts to raise two additional
assignments of error. In light of our disposition of this case, it is unnecessary for us to address
these arguments.
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