        In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
                                          No. 13-948V
                                     Filed: October 30, 2017

 * * * * * * * * * * * * *                    *   *
 ROBERT T. MITCHELL,                              *       UNPUBLISHED
                                                  *
                 Petitioner,                      *
 v.                                               *       Decision on Attorneys’ Fees and Costs
                                                  *
 SECRETARY OF HEALTH                              *
 AND HUMAN SERVICES,                              *
                                                  *
          Respondent.                             *
 * * * * * * * * * * * * *                    *   *

Randall G. Knutson, Esq., Knutson & Casey Law Film, Mankato, MN, for petitioner.
Glenn A. MacLeod, Esq., U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for respondent.

                      DECISION ON ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS1

Roth, Special Master:

       On December 3, 2013, Robert Mitchell (“Mr. Mitchell” or “petitioner)” filed a petition
pursuant to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-10 et seq.2
(“Vaccine Act” or “the Program”). Petitioner alleged that the Tenivac tetanus diphtheria
vaccination he received on October 14, 2012, caused him to suffer from “fever, extreme muscle
spasms, [and] sequela of which was vertigo and pervasive myositis.” See Petition (“Pet.”), ECF
No. 1.

        On May 18, 2016, petitioner filed a Motion for a Ruling on the Record, stating that he
had submitted all the evidence he intended to file in this matter. ECF No. 45. Upon review of
the evidence submitted, the undersigned issued a Decision on August 7, 2017, finding that

        1
          Because this unpublished decision contains a reasoned explanation for the action in this case, I
intend to post this decision on the United States Court of Federal Claims’ website, in accordance with the
E-Government Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-347, § 205, 116 Stat. 2899, 2913 (codified as amended at 44
U.S.C. § 3501 note (2012)). In accordance with Vaccine Rule 18(b), a party has 14 days to identify and
move to delete medical or other information, that satisfies the criteria in 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-12(d)(4)(B).
Further, consistent with the rule requirement, a motion for redaction must include a proposed redacted
decision. If, upon review, I agree that the identified material fits within the requirements of that
provision, I will delete such material from public access.
        2
         National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755 (1986).
Hereinafter, for ease of citation, all “§” references to the Vaccine Act will be to the pertinent
subparagraph of 42 U.S.C. § 300aa (2012).

                                                      1
petitioner failed to carry his burden of showing that he is entitled to compensation under the
Vaccine Act. See Decision, ECF No. 58.

        On September 18, 2017, petitioner filed a Motion for Attorneys’ Fees and Costs. ECF
No. 62. Petitioner requests attorneys’ fees in the amount of $32,762.50, and $6,442.26 in costs,
for a total amount of $39,204.76. In accordance with General Order #9, petitioner’s counsel
represents that petitioner did not incur any out-of-pocket expenses. ECF No. 62-5.

       On October 2, 2017, respondent filed a Response to petitioner’s Motion for Fees and
Costs that contained no specific objection to the amount requested or hours worked, but instead,
“respectfully recommend[ed] that the Special Master exercise her discretion and determine a
reasonable award for attorneys’ fees and costs.” ECF No. 63 at 3.

                                 I. Applicable Legal Standards

        The Vaccine Act permits an award of “reasonable attorneys’ fees” and “other costs.”
§ 15(e)(1). If a petitioner succeeds on the merits of his or her claim, the award of attorneys’ fees
is automatic. Id.; see Sebelius v. Cloer, 569 U.S. 369, 373 (2013). However, a petitioner need
not prevail on entitlement to receive a fee award as long as the petition was brought in “good
faith” and there was a “reasonable basis” for the claim to proceed. § 15(e)(1). “In other words,
‘[a]ttorney’s fees are provided, not only for successful cases, but even for unsuccessful claims
that are not frivolous.’” Cloer, 569 U.S. at 374 (alteration in original) (quoting Bruesewitz v.
Wyeth LLC, 562 U.S. 223, 229 (2011)).
         The Federal Circuit has endorsed the use of the lodestar approach to determine what
constitutes “reasonable attorneys’ fees” and “other costs” under the Vaccine Act. Avera v. Sec’y
of Health & Human Servs., 515 F.3d 1343, 1349 (Fed. Cir. 2008). Under this approach, [t]he
initial estimate of a reasonable attorney’s fee” is calculated by “multiplying the number of hours
reasonably expended on the litigation times a reasonable hourly rate.” Id. at 1347-48 (quoting
Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888 (1984)). That product is then adjusted upward or downward
based on other specific findings. Id.

        A “reasonable hourly rate” is defined as the rate “prevailing in the community for similar
services by lawyers of reasonably comparable skill, experience and reputation.” Id. at 1348
(quoting Blum, 465 U.S. at 896 n.11). This rate is based on “the forum rate for the District of
Columbia” rather than “the rate in the geographic area of the practice of petitioner’s attorney.”
Rodriguez v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 632 F.3d 1381, 1384 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (citing
Avera, 515 F. 3d at 1349). There is a “limited exception” that provides for attorneys’ fees to be
awarded at local hourly rates when “the bulk of the attorney’s work is done outside the forum
jurisdiction” and “there is a very significant difference” between the local hourly rate and forum
hourly rate. Id. This is known as the Davis County exception. See Hall v. Sec’y of Health &
Human Servs., 640 F.3d 1351, 1353 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (citing Davis Cty. Solid Waste Mgmt. &
Energy Recovery Special Serv. Dist. v. U.S. EPA, 169 F.3d 755, 758 (D.C. Cir. 1999)). For
cases in which forum rates apply, McCulloch provides the framework for determining the
appropriate hourly rate range for attorneys’ fees based upon the attorneys’ experience. See
McCulloch v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 09-293V, 2015 WL 5634323 (Fed. Cl. Spec.

                                                 2
Mstr. Sept. 1, 2015). The Office of Special Masters has issued a fee schedule that updates the
McCulloch rates to account for inflation in subsequent years.3

        Once the applicable hourly rate is determined, it is applied to the “number of hours
reasonably expended on the litigation.” Avera, 515 F.3d at 1348. Counsel should not include in
their fee requests hours that are “excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary.” Saxton ex rel.
Saxton v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 3 F.3d 1517, 1521 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (quoting Hensley
v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 434 (1983)). “Unreasonably duplicative or excessive billing”
includes “an attorney billing for a single task on multiple occasions, multiple attorneys billing for
a single task, attorneys billing excessively for intra office communications, attorneys billing
excessive hours, [and] attorneys entering erroneous billing entries.” Raymo v. Sec’y of Health &
Human Servs., 129 Fed. Cl. 691, 703 (2016). While attorneys may be compensated for non-
attorney-level work, the rate must be comparable to what would be paid for a paralegal or
secretary. See O’Neill v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 08-243V, 2015 WL 2399211, at
*9 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 28, 2015). Clerical and secretarial tasks should not be billed at all,
regardless of who performs them. See, e.g., McCulloch, 2015 WL 5634323, at *26. Hours spent
traveling are ordinarily compensated at one-half of the normal hourly attorney rate. See Scott v.
Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 08-756V, 2014 WL 2885684, at *3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.
June 5, 2014) (collecting cases). And “it is inappropriate for counsel to bill time for educating
themselves about basic aspects of the Vaccine Program.” Matthews v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., No 14-1111V, 2016 WL 2853910, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 18, 2016). Moreover,
the “application for fees and costs must sufficiently detail and explain the time billed so that a
special master may determine . . . whether the amount requested is reasonable,” and an award of
attorneys’ fees may be reduced for “vagueness” in billing. J.W. ex rel. Wilson v. Sec’y of Health
& Human Servs., No. 15-1551V, 2017 WL 877278, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Feb. 10, 2017).

        It is “well within the Special Master’s discretion to reduce the hours to a number that, in
[her] experience and judgment, [is] reasonable for the work done.” Saxton, 3 F.3d at 1522. In
exercising that discretion, special masters may reduce the number of hours submitted by a
percentage of the amount charged. See Broekelschen v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 102
Fed. Cl. 719, 728-29 (2011) (affirming special master’s reduction of attorney and paralegal
hours); Guy v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 38 Fed. Cl. 403, 406 (1997) (same). Ultimately,
special masters have substantial discretion in awarding fees and costs, and may adjust a fee
request sua sponte, apart from objections raised by respondent and without providing petitioners
with notice and opportunity to respond. See Sabella v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 86 Fed.
Cl. 201, 209 (Fed. Cl. 2009). Special masters need not engage in a line-by-line analysis of
petitioner’s fee application when reducing fees. See Broekelschen, 102 Fed. Cl. at 729.




        3
         This fee schedule is posted on the court’s website. See Office of Special Masters, Attorneys’
Forum Hourly Rate Fee Schedule: 2015-2016,
http://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/Attorneys-Forum-Rate-Fee-Schedule2015-2016.pdf.

                                                    3
                                           II. Discussion

A.     Reasonable Hourly Rates and Hours Expended

       Petitioner seeks attorneys’ fees for the work of three professionals: his attorneys, Randall
G. Knutson and Wade H. Abed II, and one paralegal, Joanna Pell. These professionals
performed their work in Mankato, Minnesota, and have previously been awarded local rates
under the Davis County exception. See Lasnetski v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 14-
580V, 2017 WL 2610525, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. May 16, 2017).

        Regarding the requested rates for Mr. Knutson ($295 per hour) and Ms. Pell ($75 per
hour), the undersigned finds the requested rates reasonable and consistent with rates previously
awarded in cases involving these professionals. See, e.g., id. at *3; Alexander v. Sec’y of Health
& Human Serv’s., No. 15-1211V, 2017 WL 1533543, at *1 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Jan. 5, 2017).

         For the work performed by Mr. Abed, petitioner requests $250 per hour. “[T]he burden
is on the fee applicant” to show “that the requested rates are in line with those prevailing in the
community for similar services by lawyers of reasonably comparable skill, experience and
reputation,” Blum, 465 U.S. at 895 n.11. No information was provided to support the requested
rate in this case. Petitioner’s counsel did not indicate how this hourly rate was derived nor did he
provide any supporting authority. Moreover, all of the work performed by Mr. Abed was done
in 2013, before he became a member of the bar of the Court of Federal Claims.4 In order to be
eligible to practice in the Vaccine Program, an attorney must be admitted to practice in the Court
of Federal Claims; an attorney who is not eligible to practice in the Vaccine Program cannot
recover attorneys’ fees. Underwood v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 00-357V, 2013 WL
3157525, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. May 31, 2013); see Vaccine Rule 14(a)(1). However, a
review of the billing records indicates that much of Mr. Abed’s work in this case was
administrative, secretarial, and/or paralegal in nature. Thus, the work performed by Mr. Abed
will not be compensated at the applicable rate for attorneys; instead, the undersigned finds it
appropriate to use the range applicable to non-attorney-level work. See O’Neill v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., No. 08-243V, 2015 WL 2399211, at *9 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 28,
2015) (explaining that attorney compensation for non-attorney-level work must be comparable to
what would be paid for a paralegal or secretary). Therefore, the undersigned will award Mr.
Abed fees at a rate of $75 per hour, the same rate applicable to the work performed by Ms. Pell.

        With respect to the hours expended, the undersigned has reviewed the billing records and
concluded that the hours billed in this case by petitioner’s counsel appear to be reasonable.
Thus, a total of $30,505.00 is awarded in attorneys’ fees, which reflects Mr. Knutson’s 86.5
hours at $295 per hour ($25,517.50), Mr. Abed’s 12.9 hours at $75 per hour ($967.50), and Ms.
Pell’s 53.6 hours at $75 per hour ($4,020.00).




       4
        The Clerk’s Office of the Court of Federal Claims reported to the undersigned that Mr. Abed
was admitted to the Court’s Bar in 2014.

                                                  4
C.      Reasonable Costs

       Petitioner requests a total of $6,442.26 in attorneys’ costs. Motion for Fees, ECF No. 62-
2. The requested costs consist of securing medical records, shipping costs, and expert fees. The
undersigned finds petitioner’s requested costs to be reasonable.

                                    III. Total Award Summary

        Based on the foregoing, the undersigned GRANTS IN PART petitioner’s Motion for
Attorneys’ Fees and Costs. Accordingly, the undersigned awards $36,947.26,5 representing
$30,505.00 in attorneys’ fees and $6,442.26 in costs, in the form of a check payable jointly to
petitioner and petitioner’s counsel, Randall Knutson, Esq. The clerk shall enter judgment
accordingly.6

        IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                                        s/ Mindy Michaels Roth
                                                        Mindy Michaels Roth
                                                        Special Master




        5
          This amount is intended to cover all legal expenses incurred in this matter. This award
encompasses all charges by the attorney against a client, “advanced costs” as well as fees for legal
services rendered. Furthermore, § 15(e)(3) prevents an attorney from charging or collecting fees
(including costs) that would be in addition to the amount awarded herein. See Beck v. Sec’y of Health &
Human Servs., 924 F.2d 1029 (Fed. Cir. 1991).
        6
         Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), entry of judgment can be expedited by each party filing a notice
renouncing the right to seek review.

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