                           STATE OF MICHIGAN

                            COURT OF APPEALS



PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,                                    UNPUBLISHED
                                                                    March 17, 2016
                Plaintiff-Appellee,

v                                                                   No. 324889
                                                                    Oakland Circuit Court
CEDRIC JAMES SIMPSON,                                               LC No. 2012-243160-FH

                Defendant-Appellant.


Before: M. J. KELLY, P.J., and CAVANAGH and SHAPIRO, JJ.

SHAPIRO, J. (concurring in part and dissenting in part)


         I agree with the majority regarding defendant’s SORA1 registration.

        I respectfully dissent as to the assessment of stand-by attorney fees in this case.
Defendant was initially represented by appointed counsel. He pleaded guilty and was sentenced
to serve 4 to 20 years consecutive to another sentence imposed in a different county in a different
case. Due to errors in the original proceeding, we reversed the judgment and remanded.2 On
remand, defendant elected to represent himself, and the trial court sua sponte appointed stand-by
counsel. After various proceedings, defendant again pleaded guilty and was sentenced to a term
of 4 to 10 years, concurrent to his other sentence.

       While the trial court acted properly and prudently in appointing stand-by counsel, and
while defendant may have benefited from that appointment, I do not believe that there is a basis
in law to require him to reimburse the county for those services. The prosecution cites no
caselaw in support of its position.

       Stand-by counsel does not represent the defendant. Instead stand-by counsel’s role in
providing assistance is often to serve the needs of the court by assuring that the defendant’s lack
of knowledge of courtroom procedure does not interfere with the process or result in technical
error. As the United States Supreme Court held in McKaskle v Wiggins, 465 US 168, 183; 104 S
Ct 944; 79 L Ed 2d 122 (1984), the role of stand-by counsel is to assist the defendant “in

1
    Sex Offenders Registration Act (SORA), MCL 28.721 et seq.
2
 People v Simpson, unpublished opinion per curiam of the Court of Appeals, issued January 31,
2012 (Docket No. 299308).
overcoming routine procedural or evidentiary obstacles to the completion of some specific task,
such as introducing evidence or objecting to testimony, that the defendant has clearly shown he
wishes to complete[,]” and “to ensure the defendant’s compliance with basic rules of courtroom
protocol and procedure.” These functions are as much for the benefit of the court as they are for
the defendant. Indeed, “the pro se defendant is entitled to preserve actual control over the case
he chooses to present to the jury[,]” and stand-by counsel may not “make or substantially
interfere with any significant tactical decisions, or to control the questioning of witnesses, or to
speak instead of the defendant on any matter of importance.” Id. at 178 (emphasis in original).

        There are circumstances when a pro per defendant effectively turns the proceedings over
to stand-by counsel. In such cases, i.e. where the trial court finds that the defendant has
effectively abandoned his claim to represent himself, it would be proper to require the defendant
to reimburse the county for those services. However, that was not the case here.3



                                                             /s/ Douglas B. Shapiro




3
  While not legally relevant to the question before us, it is worth noting that defendant owes the
county over $2,000 for the services of his previous attorneys despite the fact that due to trial
court and attorney error, those services resulted in nothing more than the case returning to its
starting point.
