               IN THE SUPREME COURT OF IOWA
                           No. 04 / 05-1467

                          Filed March 5, 2007


IOWA SUPREME COURT ATTORNEY
DISCIPLINARY BOARD,

      Complainant,

vs.

WILLIAM PORTER RICKABAUGH,

      Respondent.

________________________________________________________________________
      On review of the report of the Grievance Commission.



      Grievance Commission reports respondent has committed ethical

misconduct and recommends revocation of respondent’s license to

practice law. LICENSE REVOKED.



      Charles L. Harrington and Laura M. Roan, Des Moines, for

complainant.


      William Porter Rickabaugh, Tabor, respondent, pro se.
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STREIT, Justice.

      In this attorney disciplinary action, William P. Rickabaugh is

charged with making false statements, neglecting his clients’ legal

matters, collecting an illegal fee, practicing law while his license is

suspended, and failing to cooperate with the Iowa Supreme Court

Attorney Disciplinary Board (“Board”).           We find Rickabaugh violated

numerous provisions of the Iowa Code of Professional Responsibility for

Lawyers. 1 We agree with the Grievance Commission’s recommendation

to revoke Rickabaugh’s license to practice law.

      I.      Background

      Rickabaugh was admitted to the Iowa bar in 1992.                 He is sixty

years old and lives in Tabor, Iowa. Rickabaugh’s license to practice law

is currently suspended.       See In re Rickabaugh, 661 N.W.2d 130 (Iowa

2003). On May 7, 2003, we suspended his license indefinitely with no

possibility of reinstatement for three years. Id. at 133. This suspension

was reciprocal discipline in response to Nebraska’s disbarment of

Rickabaugh. See Nebraska ex rel. Counsel for Discipline v. Rickabaugh,

647 N.W.2d 641 (Neb. 2002). The Nebraska Supreme Court disbarred

Rickabaugh for various ethical violations, including accepting a legal
matter he was not competent to handle, neglect, creating fictitious

pleadings, and forging a judge’s signature. Id. at 642.

      The present disciplinary action concerns a four-count complaint

filed against Rickabaugh on March 14, 2006 by the Board. Rickabaugh

did not file an answer.        On July 21, 2006, the parties filed a joint

stipulation of facts and waiver of hearing.         Rickabaugh recognized his

wrongdoing and stated he has no plans to practice law again.                   The

      1This   court adopted the Iowa Rules of Professional Conduct effective July 1,
2005. Because Rickabaugh’s misconduct occurred before July 1, 2005, the Iowa Code
of Professional Responsibility for Lawyers governs.
                                    3

Grievance Commission recommends we revoke Rickabaugh’s license to

practice law.

      II.    Scope of Review

      We review the findings of the Grievance Commission de novo. Iowa

Ct. R. 35.10(1). We give weight to the Commission’s findings but we are

not bound by those findings. Iowa Supreme Ct. Attorney Disciplinary Bd.

v. McGrath, 713 N.W.2d 682, 695 (Iowa 2006).         The Board has the

burden to prove disciplinary violations by a convincing preponderance of

the evidence.    Iowa Supreme Ct. Attorney Disciplinary Bd. v. D’Angelo,

710 N.W.2d 226, 230 (Iowa 2006).        This burden is “ ‘less than proof

beyond a reasonable doubt, but more than the preponderance standard

required in the usual civil case.’ ” Id. (quoting Iowa Supreme Ct. Bd. of

Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v. Lett, 674 N.W.2d 139, 142 (Iowa 2004)).

      III.   Factual Findings

      Rickabaugh did not file an answer to the Board’s complaint.

Pursuant to Iowa Court Rule 36.7, the allegations of the complaint are

deemed admitted. In lieu of a hearing, the parties agreed to a stipulation

of facts and admission of exhibits. Thus, we find convincing evidence to

prove the following:
      A.     Grosse Estate

      In early 2001, Glenda Shelton hired Rickabaugh to assist her in

probating the estate of her mother, Maxine Grosse.          Grosse’s will

appointed Shelton to serve as executor. On July 30, 2001, Rickabaugh

sent Shelton a report and inventory which listed all of the assets in the

Grosse estate.    He requested she sign the report and inventory and

return it to him so he could file it with the probate court.         Shortly

thereafter, Shelton wrote to Rickabaugh explaining she would not sign

the report and inventory “because the numbers are not correct.”
                                          4

Specifically, she was concerned Rickabaugh had not included the

interest which had accrued on Grosse’s United States savings bonds.

She provided the correct figures and asked Rickabaugh to “[p]lease make

the corrections for me as soon as possible and send them to me to sign.”

Rickabaugh never made the requested changes. Shelton sent letters to

Rickabaugh on March 10, 2002 and January 20, 2003, urging him to

send her the corrected report and inventory so the estate could be closed.

Exasperated, Shelton finally contacted another attorney to help her close

the estate.     Unbeknownst to Shelton, Rickabaugh had forged her

signature on the report and inventory and filed it with the court on

January 31, 2002.

      Additionally, while Rickabaugh was representing Shelton and the

estate, the clerk of court issued two probate delinquency notices for

failure to file an interlocutory report.

      B.      Benedict Estate

      Rickabaugh was hired by W. Edward Thompson to probate the

estate of Ruth Benedict. Benedict’s will appointed Thompson, a banker,

to be the executor. Rickabaugh opened the estate in September 2000.

In April 2001, Thompson gave Rickabaugh a signed check for $8607
made payable to the Iowa Department of Revenue for inheritance taxes

due. Rickabaugh did not file the inheritance tax return or the fiduciary

return nor did he pay the taxes.           As a result, the estate had to pay

$3,104.24 for penalty and interest. 2

      The     Benedict    estate    was     still   open   when     we   suspended

Rickabaugh’s law license on May 7, 2003.               Rickabaugh did not notify

Thompson of the suspension nor did he withdraw as counsel.



      2Rickabaugh   eventually reimbursed the estate for this expense.
                                       5

      On December 1, 2003, Thompson received a notice of delinquency

from the clerk of court indicating an interlocutory report for the estate

was overdue.      Thompson contacted another attorney to look into the

matter and subsequently hired him to finish the administration of the

estate.

      On January 29, 2004, Thompson discovered a package in his

bank’s night deposit box.     It contained an interlocutory report and an

envelope addressed to the clerk of court.           Rickabaugh later called

Thompson and said he dropped off the package so Thompson could sign

the report and file it with the clerk of court.

      C.     Ross Estate

      In March 2002, James Ross hired Rickabaugh to probate the

estate of his mother, Wilma Ross. Although much of the work for the

estate remained to be done, Ross (a co-executor) wrote a check payable

to   Rickabaugh    for   $7386.     This   amount    represented   100%     of

Rickabaugh’s fees and expenses. Rickabaugh did not file an application

with the probate court for allowance and payment of fees.

      After we suspended Rickabaugh’s license, he did not withdraw as

counsel nor did he notify the executors of his suspension. In a letter
dated June 3, 2004, Rickabaugh informed a co-executor that “[d]ue to

declining health I will not be able to finish the estate.” In the same letter,

Rickabaugh stated he would “make an appropriate refund of the fee

ASAP.” Rickabaugh refunded the estate $5675 in March 2005.

      D.     Failure to Cooperate

      The executor of the Grosse estate filed a complaint against

Rickabaugh on August 4, 2003.               The Board personally served

Rickabaugh with notice of the complaint. He did not respond as required

by Iowa Court Rule 34.6(4).
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       IV.    Ethical Violations

       Rickabaugh committed the following ethical violations:

       A.     Misrepresentations and False Statements

       Rickabaugh made at least two misrepresentations. 3 In the Grosse
estate, he forged the executor’s name on the report and inventory and

filed it with the probate court.              In the Ross estate, Rickabaugh

misrepresented the basis for his inability to close the estate. Instead of

informing the executor of his recent license suspension, he represented

he could not complete the work due to health problems.                      In both

incidents, Rickabaugh violated a number of ethical rules, namely DR 1-

102(A)(4) (a lawyer shall not engage in conduct involving dishonesty,

fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation); DR 1-102(A)(5) (a lawyer shall not

engage in conduct that is prejudicial to the administration of justice); DR

1-102(A)(6) (a lawyer shall not engage in conduct that adversely reflects

on the fitness to practice law); DR 7-102(A)(5) (a lawyer shall not

knowingly make a false statement of law or fact); and DR 1-102(A)(1) (a

lawyer shall not violate a disciplinary rule).

       B.     Practicing Law While Suspended

       We suspended Rickabaugh’s license to practice law on May 7,
2003, and he remains under suspension. Rickabaugh did not notify the

executors of the Benedict and Ross estates of his suspension as required

by Iowa Court Rule 35.21(1)(a). This violated DR 1-102(A)(5) (a lawyer

        3The record reveals several other misrepresentations Rickabaugh made to the

court and to his clients. However, the Board in its complaint did not charge
Rickabaugh with these misrepresentations. Consequently, we will not consider them at
this time. See In re Ruffalo, 390 U.S. 544, 550–51, 88 S. Ct. 1222, 1226, 20 L. Ed. 2d
117, 122 (1968) (stating due process requires attorney in disciplinary action be given
notice of the charges and an opportunity to respond); Comm. on Prof’l Ethics & Conduct
v. Wenger, 454 N.W.2d 367, 369 (Iowa 1990) (holding due process requires court to
disregard grievance commission’s findings based on additional charges because
allowing committee to amend complaint at the close of all the evidence deprived
attorney notice and opportunity to respond).
                                      7

shall not engage in conduct that is prejudicial to the administration of

justice) and DR 1-102(A)(6) (a lawyer shall not engage in conduct that

adversely reflects on the fitness to practice law).     While suspended,

Rickabaugh prepared an interlocutory report for the Benedict estate and

delivered it to the executor for his signature. This violated DR 3-101(B)

(a lawyer shall not practice law in a jurisdiction where to do so would be

in violation of the rules in that jurisdiction) and DR 7-106(A) (a lawyer

shall not disregard a court order).

      C.    Neglect

      “Professional neglect involves ‘indifference and a consistent failure

to perform those obligations that a lawyer has assumed, or a conscious

disregard for the responsibilities a lawyer owes a client.’ ” Iowa Supreme

Ct. Bd. of Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v. Honken, 688 N.W.2d 812, 821 (Iowa

2004) (quoting Iowa Supreme Ct. Bd. of Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v.

Kennedy, 684 N.W.2d 256, 259–60 (Iowa 2004)). “Neglect is more than

ordinary negligence and usually involves multiple acts or omissions.”

Iowa Supreme Ct. Bd. of Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v. Moorman, 683 N.W.2d

549, 551–52 (Iowa 2004) (citing Comm. on Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v.

Rogers, 313 N.W.2d 535, 536 (Iowa 1981)).
      Rickabaugh committed professional neglect on several occasions.

He received three probate delinquency notices for failure to file an

interlocutory report in two estates. See Iowa Code § 633.32 (2001). In

the Benedict estate, Rickabaugh failed to file the inheritance tax return

after the executor gave him a check for the taxes due. As a result, the

estate accrued over $3000 in penalty and interest.              Moreover,

Rickabaugh’s neglect delayed the administration of all three estates and

required the executors of each estate to hire a new attorney. His conduct

violated DR 1-102(A)(5) (a lawyer shall not engage in conduct that is
                                           8

prejudicial to the administration of justice); DR 1-102(A)(6) (a lawyer

shall not engage in conduct that adversely reflects on the fitness to

practice law); and DR 6-101(A)(3) (a lawyer shall not neglect a client’s

legal matter). See Iowa Supreme Ct. Attorney Disciplinary Bd. v. Moonen,

706 N.W.2d 391, 399 (Iowa 2005) (“A failure to take the necessary

actions in estate matters in a timely fashion constitutes professional

neglect.”).

       D.       Excessive/Illegal Fee

       Iowa has special rules for payment of attorney fees in probate

matters.       Iowa Code section 633.198 requires the attorney to file an

application with the probate court for allowance and payment of fees.

Iowa Court Rule 7.2(4) stipulates when attorney fees are payable. 4 Once

the court order is secured, the attorney may be paid one half of the fee

only after the Iowa inheritance tax return is prepared or an inheritance

tax clearance is filed. Iowa Ct. R. 7.2(4). The attorney may be paid the

balance of his fee only when the final report is filed and court costs have

been paid. Id.

       In the Ross estate, Rickabaugh received 100% of his fees and

expenses prematurely and without a court order authorizing the
payment. This illegal fee-taking violates DR 2-106(A) (a lawyer shall not

collect an excessive or illegal fee).          See Iowa Supreme Ct. Bd. of Prof’l

Ethics & Conduct v. Waples, 677 N.W.2d 740, 742 (Iowa 2004).

Moreover, it took Rickabaugh twenty-two months after his license was

suspended to refund the unearned portion of his fee. This was also nine

months after Rickabaugh promised the executor he would return the fee.

His delay violates Iowa Court Rule 35.21(1)(c) (requiring an attorney

       4Rule 7.2(4) was amended effective February 1, 2005. Under the current rule, if
an Iowa inheritance tax return is not required, then the attorney may collect half of his
fee when the inventory is filed.
                                       9

whose license is suspended to refund within thirty days any part of any

fees paid in advance that have not been earned) and DR 9-102(B)(4)

(requiring an attorney to promptly pay to the client all funds the client is

entitled to receive).

      E.     Failure to Cooperate with Disciplinary Process

      Rickabaugh did not file an answer to the Board’s complaint as

required by Iowa Court Rule 34.6(4). We expect and demand attorneys

to cooperate with disciplinary investigations.    Honken, 688 N.W.2d at

821 (citing Iowa Supreme Ct. Bd. of Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v. Sullins, 556

N.W.2d 456, 457 (Iowa 1996)). A failure to do so is an independent act of

misconduct.     Comm. on Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v. Pracht, 505 N.W.2d

196, 199 (Iowa 1993) (citing Comm. on Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v. Van

Etten, 490 N.W.2d 545, 548 (Iowa 1992)).          Rickabaugh’s failure to

respond to the Board’s complaint violates DR 1-102(A)(5) (a lawyer shall

not engage in conduct that is prejudicial to the administration of justice)

and DR 1-102(A)(6) (a lawyer shall not engage in conduct that adversely

reflects on the fitness to practice law).

      V.     Sanction

      We now turn to the appropriate sanction to address Rickabaugh’s
unethical conduct. We consider “the nature of the violations, protection

of the public, deterrence of similar misconduct by others, the lawyer’s

fitness to practice, and our duty to uphold the integrity of the profession

in the eyes of the public.”      Iowa Supreme Ct. Bd. of Prof’l Ethics &

Conduct v. Fleming, 602 N.W.2d 340, 342 (Iowa 1999) (citing Comm. on

Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v. Havercamp, 442 N.W.2d 67, 69 (Iowa 1989)).

We also consider both aggravating and mitigating circumstances. Iowa

Supreme Ct. Bd. of Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v. Ruth, 656 N.W.2d 93, 99

(Iowa 2002) (citing Iowa Supreme Ct. Bd. of Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v.
                                    10

Sherman, 637 N.W.2d 183, 187 (Iowa 2001)). Ultimately, the form and

extent of a disciplinary sanction “must be tailored to the specific facts

and circumstances of each individual case.” Rogers, 313 N.W.2d at 537.

      We agree with the Commission that disbarment is the appropriate

sanction.   Past disciplinary action bears upon an attorney’s character

and is considered an aggravating factor.      Comm. on Prof’l Ethics &

Conduct v. Wenger, 469 N.W.2d 678, 680 (Iowa 1991). We suspended

Rickabaugh’s license to practice law in May 2003 as a result of very

serious ethical misconduct, most notably the fabrication of documents

and the forgery of a judge’s signature in an attempt to persuade a client

he had filed a lawsuit and obtained a judgment. In the present action,

Rickabaugh forged the Grosse estate’s executor’s signature on a court

document. Additionally, Rickabaugh lied to the co-executor of the Ross

estate about why he could not close the estate instead of admitting his

license was suspended.

      We consider misrepresentation to be a “grave and serious breach of

professional ethics.” Iowa Supreme Ct. Bd. of Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v.

Stein, 603 N.W.2d 574, 576 (Iowa 1999); accord Moonen, 706 N.W.2d at

399. As we have said in the past:

      Fundamental honesty is the base line and mandatory
      requirement to serve in the legal profession. The whole
      structure of ethical standards is derived from the paramount
      need for lawyers to be trustworthy. The court system and the
      public we serve are damaged when our officers play fast and
      loose with the truth.

Comm. on Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v. Bauerle, 460 N.W.2d 452, 453 (Iowa

1990).

      Rickabaugh has demonstrated a blatant disregard for his duty as

an attorney to be honest and truthful. The legal profession is “ ‘no place

for persons who demonstrate a penchant for distorting the truth.’ ”
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Wenger, 469 N.W.2d at 679 (quoting Comm. on Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v.

Postma, 430 N.W.2d 387, 392 (Iowa 1988)).        Rickabaugh’s pattern of

deceit reveals a serious character flaw which makes him unfit to practice

law.

        Moreover, Rickabaugh committed other serious ethical infractions.

Iowa Supreme Ct. Bd. of Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v. Humphrey, 551 N.W.2d

306, 308 (Iowa 1996) (“Multiple violations of our disciplinary rules

support enhanced sanctions.”).      He neglected several cases, which

caused considerable expense and delay for his clients. He accepted his

fee in a probate matter prematurely; he failed to notify his clients of his

suspension; and in at least one instance he practiced law while

suspended. Finally, he did not cooperate with the Board’s investigation.

Although each individual act of misconduct, viewed in isolation, may not

warrant revocation, we must consider the combination of the current

charges and Rickabaugh’s past discipline.       Taken all together, it is

obvious Rickabaugh does not respect the awesome responsibilities of an

attorney. Iowa Supreme Ct. Bd. of Prof’l Ethics & Conduct v. Beckman,

674 N.W.2d 129, 139 (Iowa 2004) (finding attorney’s “pattern of

misconduct and dishonesty demonstrates that he has no intention of

complying with his legal and ethical obligations unless forced to do so”).

We find the public in general and the legal profession in particular will

best be served if Rickabaugh is disbarred.

        VI.   Conclusion

        We revoke Rickabaugh’s license to practice law in the State of

Iowa.    Costs are taxed to Rickabaugh pursuant to Iowa Court Rule

35.25(1).

        LICENSE REVOKED.
