[Cite as State v. Russell, 2012-Ohio-4316.]




                            IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                               SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                    CLARK COUNTY

STATE OF OHIO                                        :
                                                     :      Appellate Case No. 2011-CA-10
        Plaintiff-Appellee                           :
                                                     :      Trial Court Case No. 2009-CR-873
v.                                                   :
                                                     :
CHRISTOPHER RUSSELL                           :      (Criminal Appeal from
                                                     :      (Common Pleas Court)
        Defendant-Appellant                   :
                                                     :
                                                  ...........

                                                  OPINION

                            Rendered on the 21st day of September, 2012.

                                                  ...........

LISA M. FANNIN, Atty. Reg. #0082337, Clark County Prosecutor’s Office, 50 East
Columbia Street, 4th Floor, Springfield, Ohio 45501
      Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee

ROBERT L. SCOTT, Atty. Reg. #0086785, 8801 North Main Street, Suite 200, Dayton, Ohio
45415
      Attorney for Defendant-Appellant

                                                          .............

FAIN, J.

        {¶ 1}     Defendant-appellant Christopher Russell appeals from his convictions for

Rape, Gross Sexual Imposition, Pandering Obscenity Involving A Minor, and Sexual Battery,

and the imposition of a 75-year sentence. Russell contends that the trial court abused its

discretion when it overruled his motion to suppress statements he made during his interview
                                                                                           2


with a police detective, because those statements were a result of coercion and threats.

Russell also contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion to sever counts nine and

ten of the indictment from the remaining counts because the prejudice of hearing evidence

from two separate incidents separated by a number of years outweighed the probative value of

the evidence. Finally, Russell argues that the trial court abused its discretion in giving him

maximum sentences despite his lack of a prior, criminal record.

       {¶ 2}    We conclude that the trial court did not err when it overruled Russell’s motion

to suppress, because Russell failed to show that his confession was a result of coercive police

activity. Furthermore, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in overruling Russell’s

motion to sever because he failed to demonstrate the requisite prejudice. The trial court also

did not abuse its discretion in giving Russell maximum sentences given the nature of Russell’s

extensive criminal activity and the court’s consideration of the principles and purposes of

sentencing. Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is Affirmed.



               I. Russell Sexually Abused His Daughter Over The Course of

                         A Number of Years Across Two Counties

       {¶ 3}    Russell began sexually abusing his biological daughter (the Victim) around

the time of her ninth birthday. At that time, the Victim lived with her family in Scioto

County. Russell was unemployed at the time and stayed at home during the day with the

Victim and her brother, who is deaf and autistic and had been diagnosed with cerebral palsy.

Trial Transcript, pp. 199-206. Russell began the sexual abuse of the Victim by telling her

that he wanted to do something special for her. Id. at 206-207. He explained to her that he
                                                                                           3


wanted to put his mouth on her vagina. Russell then took the Victim to his bedroom, laid her

on her back with her legs open, and proceeded to put his tongue in her vagina and on her

clitoris. Id. at 207-208. Russell also put his fingers in the Victim’s vagina and talked to her

about breaking her hymen. Id. at 209.

       {¶ 4}    After the first incident of abuse, Russell began doing more sexual acts with

the Victim and told her not to tell her mother about them. Id. at 210-212. Russell had the

Victim give him “hand jobs” and “blow jobs,” after instructing her how to do so. Id. at 214,

217-218. He also taught her how to put on a condom and explained lubrication to her. Id. at

216. Russell had the Victim perform oral sex on him and gave her the option of either

swallowing his ejaculation or finding something to catch it. Id. at 217-218. Eventually,

Russell had sexual intercourse with the Victim. Id. at 218-219. The Victim told Russell that

it hurt when he put his penis in her vagina and there were occasions when she had to kick him

off of her during sexual intercourse. Id. at 219-220. Russell occasionally gave the Victim

fruit-punch-flavored alcohol or sleeping pills to help facilitate the Victim’s willingness to

engage in sexual intercourse with him. Id. at 220-221. Russell also took pictures of the

Victim while she was nude. Id. at 226-228. Russell instructed her how to pose for the

pictures. Id. at 227, 230-231.

       {¶ 5}    Despite Russell’s warnings not to, the Victim eventually disclosed to her

mother what her father had been doing to her. The Victim’s mother was angry and Russell

left to stay with his parents in Clark County for about one month.            Id. at 232-235.

Subsequently, the Victim, her mother, and her brother moved to Clark County to stay with

Russell and his parents. The Victim was told by a member or members of her family (it is not
                                                                                              4


clear by whom) that Russell’s sexual abuse was a family secret and she was not to tell anyone

about the abuse. Id. at 237-238.

       {¶ 6}    While the family was living in Clark County, the Victim told two of her

friends about what Russell had done to her. Id. at 239-240. Some of the Victim’s teachers

and her guidance counselor approached the Victim in the Spring of 2008 and asked her about

what Russell had done. Id. at 240-242. The Victim revealed the details of Russell’s sexual

abuse. Id. The Victim also gave a statement to a sheriff’s deputy about Russell’s abuse. Id.

at 244-245. The Victim’s paternal grandmother, however, convinced the Victim that she

needed to recant the story of abuse in order to prevent the family from being broken up.

Consequently, the Victim told a detective from the Scioto County Sheriff’s Department and a

representative of the Clark County Department of Job and Family Services that she had made

up the story, and the Scioto County investigation was closed. Id. at 246-255.

       {¶ 7}    After recanting her story, the sexual abuse continued in Clark County.

Russell continued to rub the Victim’s vagina and perform digital penetration and oral sex on

her. Id. at 256-257. Russell also showed the Victim movies of children having sex with

adults to illustrate that she was not the only one doing these types of things. Id. at 260-261.

       {¶ 8}    In the Summer of 2008, the Victim wanted to attend a church camp, but her

parents would not give her their permission. In order to get her father to allow her to go to

camp, the Victim offered to perform oral sex on him. Id. at 266-267. After the Victim

performed oral sex, he gave her permission to attend camp. Id. at 267.

       {¶ 9}    In the Summer of 2009, Russell began pressuring the Victim to live like a

nudist so that they could be nude around each other at home. Id. at 268-269, 274. Later that
                                                                                           5


Summer or early Fall, the Victim told her youth minister at church about some of Russell’s

sexual abuse. Id. at 274. The next day, the Victim met with individuals from the Clark

County Sheriff’s Department and the Clark County Department of Job and Family Services.

Id. at 275. The sheriff’s deputy had the Victim make a telephone call to Russell, during

which the Victim and Russell discussed the sexual abuse that had occurred. Id. at 275-276.

This telephone call was recorded by the police. Id. at 276, 656-657.

          {¶ 10} Russell was brought into the Clark County Sheriff’s office for questioning.

Id. at 660. He received an explanation of his Miranda rights and signed a waiver of those

rights.    Id. at 660-661.   During his interview with Detective Debra Strileckyj, Russell

admitted to receiving fellatio from the Victim and touching her in the vaginal area on several

occasions. Id. at 738. He also admitted to wanting to lie in bed naked with the Victim as

part of his nudism philosophy. Id. at 735.

          {¶ 11} Russell was arrested. While he was in jail, Russell placed calls to his mother

and his wife during which he confessed to the allegations that the Victim had made against

him. Id. at 739. Russell also admitted to taking pictures of the Victim while she was nude.

Id. at 741-742.



                                II. Course of the Proceedings

          {¶ 12} In 2009, a Clark County Grand Jury returned a ten-count indictment against

Russell, charging him with five counts of Rape, in violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b), two

counts of Gross Sexual Imposition, in violation of R.C. 2907.05(A)(4), one count of

Pandering Obscenity Involving a Minor, in violation of R.C. 2907.321(A), and two counts of
                                                                                           6


Sexual Battery, in violation of R.C. 2907.03(A). Counts one through eight of the indictment

concerned conduct that occurred in Scioto County between November 3, 2002, and August 31,

2006. Counts nine and ten (Sexual Battery) concerned conduct that occurred in Clark County

between September 1, 2006 and July 31, 2009.

       {¶ 13} Russell filed a motion to suppress any statements he made during his

interview with Detective Strileckyj.      (Dkt. 11).   Russell identified the following three

instances during his interview with police that were relevant to his motion to suppress:

“minute 25, minute 38 and 1:08 of the interview.” (Dkt. 12). Russell’s memorandum in

support of his motion to suppress stated, in part:

               At minute 25, the detective asked Mr. Russell a question. Mr. Russell

       pondered the answer, stating “Let me think,” then stated, “I need to talk to that

       attorney,” followed by the answer to the question, “No.” The Detective did

       not pause, inquire about the statement or cease the interview. The Detective

       ignored Mr. Russell’s request.

               Again, at 1 hour and 8 minutes, Mr. Russell, in very plain and

       unambiguous language, stated he did not want to talk any more. This was an

       invocation of his right to remain silent.

               ***

               Mr. Russell * * * requested counsel early in the interview and that

       request was ignored. Thirteen minutes later, at the 38th minute, he was told he

       needed to “man up” and to “take some lumps” and his family would never be

       together again as long as he kept hiding behind a lie. This is a threat. Talk or
                                                                                            7


       your family will be broken up, forever.[]

               Again, after another 40 minutes of interrogation, he attempted to assert

       his rights again, by attempting to remain silent. Again he was rebuffed that the

       interrogation continued.

                      In light of the three violations of Mr. Russell’s Constitutional

               rights, the entire interview should be suppressed. (Dkt. 12, pp. 2-3).

       {¶ 14} The trial court granted Russell’s motion to suppress in part, and overruled it in

part. (Dkt. 15). In particular, the trial court found that Russell unambiguously invoked his

right to remain silent at the 67 minutes and 45 seconds mark of his interview with police.

The trial court did not find that Russell had invoked his right to counsel or right to remain

silent prior to that point. Therefore, the trial court denied Russell’s motion to suppress his

statements made prior to his invocation of his right to remain silent at the 67 minutes and 45

seconds mark, but granted his motion to suppress statements made after that point.

       {¶ 15} Russell subsequently moved to sever counts one through eight of the

indictment, which involved Russell’s alleged conduct occurring in Scioto County, from counts

nine and ten of the indictment, which involved Russell’s alleged conduct occurring in Clark

County. (Dkt. 16). According to Russell, he would be prejudiced if the counts were not

severed because the evidence against him relating to counts one through eight was weak

compared to the evidence against him on counts nine and ten.             Furthermore, Russell

contended that severing the counts as he requested would protect his desire to testify regarding

counts nine and ten but not testify regarding counts one through eight. The trial court

overruled Russell’s motion to sever. (Dkt. 26).
                                                                                             8


       {¶ 16} At the jury trial, both the Victim and Russell testified. The jury returned

guilty verdicts on all ten counts as charged in the indictment. (Dkt. 30-39). Following a

sentencing hearing, the trial court sentenced Russell to ten years on each of counts one through

five and to five years on each of counts six through ten. The sentences were ordered to be

served consecutively with each other, for a total of 75 years.          (Dkt. 41).   Russell was

classified as a Tier II sex offender on counts six through eight, and received mandatory post

release control for a period of five years on each of the ten counts.

       {¶ 17} From the judgment entry of conviction and sentence, Russell appeals.



                  III. Russell’s Confession Was Not a Product of Coercion

       {¶ 18} Russell’s First Assignment of Error states:

               THE      TRIAL      COURT       ERRED       WHEN         DENYING      THE

       DEFENDANT/APPELLANT’S PRE-TRIAL MOTION TO SUPPRESS.

       {¶ 19} Our review of a trial court's denial of a motion to suppress presents a mixed

question of fact and law. State v. Ray, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24536, 2012–Ohio–840, ¶

8. “We accept the trial court's view of the facts, provided its findings are supported by

competent, credible evidence, because ‘[w]hen considering a motion to suppress, the trial

court assumes the role of trier of fact and is therefore in the best position to resolve factual

questions and evaluate the credibility of witnesses.’ ” Id., quoting State v. Burnside, 100 Ohio

St.3d 152, 2003–Ohio–5372, 797 N.E.2d 71, ¶ 8. However, “we determine independently

whether the evidence satisfies the applicable legal standard.” Id., citing State v. Mackey, 2d

Dist. Montgomery No. 22244, 2008-Ohio–3621, ¶ 9.
                                                                                             9


       {¶ 20} Russell’s motion to suppress sought to suppress statements made after three

different points during his interview with the police. The trial court granted his motion with

respect to the third point in the interview, at the 67 minutes and 45 seconds mark. Russell

contends that the trial court erred in failing to suppress statements made at the second point in

the interview, when he was allegedly coerced into confessing based on threats made to him at

approximately the 38-minute mark.

       {¶ 21} Russell’s memorandum in support of his motion to suppress stated, in part:

“Thirteen minutes later, at the 38th minute, he was told he need to ‘man up’ and to ‘take some

lumps’ and his family would never be together again as long as he kept hiding behind a lie.”

(Dkt. 12). In his memorandum, Russell characterized the officer’s remark as a threat to break

up the family if Russell did not talk, but we find no support for this characterization in the

audiovisual recording of the interview. Russell contends that the statements made to him by

Detective Strileckyj constituted threats that coerced him into confessing to crimes that he did

not commit and convinced Russell that his punishment would be counseling, rather than

imprisonment, if he confessed to the crimes. We do not agree.

       {¶ 22} In State v. Jackson, 2d Dist. Greene No. 02CA0001, 2002-Ohio-4680, ¶

19–22, 28–29, we wrote:

               The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I,

       Section 10 of the Ohio Constitution guarantee that no person in any criminal

       case shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. The concern that

       animated the framers to adopt the Fifth Amendment was that coerced

       confessions are inherently untrustworthy. Dickerson v. United States (2000),
                                                                                      10


530 U.S. 428, 120 S.Ct. 2326. “A free and voluntary confession is deserving

of the highest credit, because it is presumed to flow from the strongest sense of

guilt * * * but a confession forced from the mind by the flattery of hope, or by

the torture of fear, comes in so questionable a shape * * * that no credit ought

to be given it.” Id. at 433.

       A suspect may waive his constitutional right against self-incrimination,

provided that waiver is voluntary. A suspect's decision to waive his privilege

against self-incrimination is made voluntarily absent evidence that his will was

overborne and his capacity for self-determination was critically impaired

because of coercive police conduct. Colorado v. Connelly (1986), 479 U.S.

157, 107 S.Ct. 515; State v. Otte, 74 Ohio St.3d 555, 660 N.E.2d 711,

1996-Ohio-108.

       The issues of whether a confession is voluntary, and whether a suspect

has been subjected to custodial interrogation so as to require Miranda

warnings, are analytically separate issues. * * * The due process clause

continues to require an inquiry, separate from custody considerations,

concerning whether a defendant's will was overborne by the circumstances

surrounding the giving of his confession.        Dickerson, at 434.      This due

process test takes into consideration the totality of all the surrounding facts and

circumstances, including the characteristics of the accused and the details of the

interrogation. Id. Factors to be considered include the age, mentality, and

prior criminal experience of the accused; the length, intensity and frequency of
                                                                                     11


the interrogation; the existence of physical deprivation or mistreatment; and the

existence of threats or inducements.

       * * * If all of the attendant circumstances indicate that the confession

was coerced or compelled, it cannot be used to convict the defendant. That

determination depends upon a weighing of the pressure to confess against the

power of resistance of the person confessing. Id.

       ***

       “The line to be drawn between permissible police conduct and conduct

deemed to induce or tend to induce an involuntary statement does not depend

upon the bare language of inducement but rather upon the nature of the benefit

to be derived by a defendant if he speaks the truth, as represented by the police.

***

       “When the benefit pointed out by the police to a suspect is merely that

which flows naturally from a truthful and honest course of conduct, we can

perceive nothing improper in such police activity. On the other hand, if in

addition to the foregoing benefit, or in the place thereof, the defendant is given

to understand that he might reasonably expect benefits in the nature of more

lenient treatment at the hands of the police, prosecution or court in

consideration of making a statement, even a truthful one, such motivation is

deemed to render the statement involuntary and inadmissible. The offer or

promise of such benefit need not be expressed, but may be implied from

equivocal language not otherwise made clear.” (Citations omitted.)
                                                                                                                                 12


         {¶ 23} We have reviewed the videotape of Russell’s interview with Detective

Strileckyj.1 While it is true that Detective Strileckyj used various interrogation techniques

and lectured Russell to tell the truth during various points of the interview, we conclude that

Detective Strileckyj did not use any inherently coercive tactics.                                     Furthermore, although

Detective Strileckyj did tell Russell that he needed to take some lumps, this was a message

that he needed to tell the truth and take responsibility for his actions. Contrary to Russell’s

contentions, Detective Strileckyj’s questioning and lecturing did not threaten Russell that he

needed to confess in order to prevent his family from being taken away from him.

         {¶ 24} Russell also contends that he hoped to escape jail time for his abhorrent and

illegal behavior. This belief was not reasonable or realistic. More importantly, however,

Detective Strileckyj did not do anything to create this belief. She never offered him a deal

that would allow him to avoid prison in exchange for a confession to the crimes with which

Russell ultimately was charged. Furthermore, Detective Strileckyj did not do or say anything

that reasonably created an impression that Russell would avoid prison if he confessed to the

crimes with which he was ultimately charged.                              Therefore, the trial court did not err in

overruling Russell’s motion to suppress.

         {¶ 25} Russell’s First Assignment of Error is overruled.



            IV. Trying All Ten Counts Together Did not Unfairly Prejudice Russell

         {¶ 26} Russell’s Second Assignment of Error states:


           1
             The record before us does not contain a written transcript from Russell’s interview with Detective Strileckyj. The record does
 include a compact disc containing an audiovisual recording of Russell’s interview.
                                                                                          13


              THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ITS EXERCISE OF DISCRETION

       WHEN IT DENIED APPELLANT’S MOTION TO SEVER FOR SEPARATE

       TRIALS, WHEREBY EXTREMELY PREJUDICIAL TESTIMONY AND

       EVIDENCE PREJUDICIAL TO APPELLANT’S CASE WAS UNFAIRLY

       AND UNREASONABLY ADMITTED INTO EVIDENCE.

       {¶ 27} We review a trial court’s denial of a motion to sever for an abuse of

discretion. State v. Lott, 51 Ohio St.3d 160, 163, 555 N.E.2d 293 (1990). The term “abuse

of discretion” has been defined as a decision that is “unreasonable, arbitrary or

unconscionable.” (Citations omitted.) Huffman v. Hair Surgeon, Inc., 19 Ohio St.3d 83, 87,

482 N.E.2d 1248 (1985).

       {¶ 28} A decision whether to grant a motion to sever certain counts of an indictment

from other counts of the indictment is guided by Crim.R. 8 and 14. Crim.R. 8(A) states:

              Two or more offenses may be charged in the same indictment,

       information or complaint in a separate count for each offense if the offenses

       charged, whether felonies or misdemeanors or both, are of the same or similar

       character, or are based on the same act or transaction, or are based on two or

       more acts or transactions connected together or constituting parts of a common

       scheme or plan, or are part of a course of criminal conduct.

       {¶ 29} Crim. R. 14 provides, in part:

              If it appears that a defendant or the state is prejudiced by a joinder of

       offenses or of defendants in an indictment, information, or complaint, or by

       such joinder for trial together of indictments, informations or complaints, the
                                                                                               14


       court shall order an election or separate trial of counts, grant a severance of

       defendants, or provide such other relief as justice requires. * * *

       {¶ 30} In State v. LaMar, 95 Ohio St.3d 181, 2002-Ohio-2128, 767 N.E.2d 166,

¶ 49-50, the Ohio Supreme Court held:

              The law favors joining multiple offenses in a single trial under

       Crim.R. 8(A) if the offenses charged are of the same or similar character. ”

       State v. Lott (1990), 51 Ohio St.3d 160, 163, 555 N.E.2d 293. Crim.R. 8(A)

       also allows joinder of two or more offenses that are based on the same act or

       transaction, or are based on two or more acts or transactions connected together

       or constituting parts of a common scheme or plan, or are part of a course of

       criminal conduct. Notwithstanding the policy in favor of joinder, an accused

       may move to sever counts of an indictment on the ground that he or she is

       prejudiced by the joinder of multiple offenses. See Crim.R. 14. An appellate

       court will reverse a trial court's decision to deny severance only if the trial court

       has abused its discretion. Lott, 51 Ohio St.3d at 163, 555 N.E.2d 293.

              The state may rebut a defendant's claim of prejudicial joinder in two

       ways. The first way is by satisfying the other acts test. Id. If in separate

       trials the state could introduce evidence of the joined offenses as other acts

       under Evid.R. 404(B), a defendant cannot claim prejudice from the joinder.

       Id. See, also, State v. Coley (2001), 93 Ohio St.3d 253, 259260, 754 N.E.2d

       1129. The state may also negate a claim of prejudice by satisfying the less

       stringent joinder test, which requires a showing that evidence of each crime
                                                                                            15


       joined at trial is simple and direct. Lott, 51 Ohio St.3d at 163, 555 N.E.2d

       293; see, also, State v. Torres (1981), 66 Ohio St.2d 340, 344, 20 O.O.3d 313,

       421 N.E.2d 1288.

       {¶ 31} Russell contends that “[t]he trial court should have found that the

inflammatory and prejudicial nature of the Scioto County evidence outweighed its probative

value.” According to Russell, “the trial court, specifically the jury, found the defendant guilty

on all ten counts taking the evidence of two separate incidents with different facts and

scenarios in total occurring years apart from one another.” (Brief, p. 13). We do not agree.



       {¶ 32} We conclude that Russell’s claims of prejudice are rebutted in the second way

discussed by the Supreme Court in LaMar.          The evidence of each crime committed by

Russell was “simple and direct, consisting of Russell’s confessions, the Victim’s testimony,

and the photographic evidence presented to the jury. Consequently, the trial court did not

abuse its discretion in denying Russell’s motion to sever.

       {¶ 33} We also note that Russell appears to be referencing the Evid.R. 403 standard

in his appellate brief when contending that all ten counts should not have been joined in one

trial. Evid.R. 403(A) provides that relevant evidence is not admissible “if its probative value

is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice * * * .” Although Russell may

have suffered prejudice when additional evidence of his abhorrent and illegal behavior was

presented to the jury, we do not conclude that the prejudice resulting from this evidence was

“unfair.”

       {¶ 34} Finally, Russell contends that he wanted to testify concerning some of the
                                                                                          16


counts, but not concerning others. Russell cites no authority for the proposition that a trial

court must sever counts for trial to accommodate the defendant’s trial strategy, and we are not

persuaded that a trial court has a duty to do so.

       {¶ 35} Russell’s Second Assignment of Error is overruled.



             V. The Record Supports The Imposition of Maximum Sentences

       {¶ 36} Russell’s Third Assignment of Error states:

               THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN THE EXERCISE OF ITS

       DISCRETION         WHEN       IT   IMPOSED     SENTENCING         UPON     THE

       APPELLANT.

       {¶ 37} Russell contends that the trial court failed to provide support on the record

regarding why Russell received maximum sentences, failed to review the presentence

investigation on the record, and did not take into consideration Russell’s lack of a prior

criminal record. Accordingly, Russell contends that the trial court abused its discretion in

sentencing him to the maximum sentence available. We do not agree.

       {¶ 38} The trial court has discretion to impose any sentence within the authorized

statutory range, and the court is not required to make findings or to give its reasons for

imposing maximum, consecutive, or more than minimum sentences. State v. Foster, 109

Ohio St.3d 1, 2006-Ohio-856, 845 N.E.2d 470, at paragraph seven of the syllabus.

Nevertheless, in exercising its discretion the trial court must consider the statutory policies

applicable to every felony offense, including those set out in R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12.

State v. Mathis, 109 Ohio St.3d 54, 2006-Ohio-855, 846 N.E.2d 1, ¶ 38.
                                                                                              17


       {¶ 39} R.C. 2929.11(A) and R.C. 2929.12 (A)-(E) set forth a number of principles,

purposes, and facts to be considered by the trial court in determining a defendant’s sentence.

In State v. Leopard, 194 Ohio App.3d 500, 2011-Ohio-3864, 957 N.E.2d 55, ¶ 43, we wrote:

              Although the trial court did not specifically cite either statute during the

       sentencing hearing, its judgment entry stated that it had “considered the record, oral

       statements of counsel, the defendant's statement, the pre-sentence investigation report,

       the principles and purposes of sentencing under Ohio Revised Code Section 2929.11,

       and [had] balanced the seriousness and recidivism factors under Ohio Revised Code

       Section 2929.12. A trial court speaks through its journal entries, and [Defendant’s]

       sentence is not contrary to law merely because the trial court failed to cite either statute

       during the sentencing hearing. State v. Cave, Clark App. No. 09CA6,

       2010-Ohio-1237, 2010 WL 1138931,  10. Furthermore, even if there is no specific

       mention of those statutes in the record, ‘it is presumed that the trial court gave proper

       consideration to those statutes.’  State v. Miller, Clark App. No. 09CA28,

       2010-Ohio-2138, 2010 WL 1932041,  43, quoting [State v. Kalish, 120 Ohio St.3d

       23, 2008-Ohio-4912, 896 N.E.2d 124, Fn.4.

       {¶ 40} At the sentencing hearing, the trial court stated, in part:

              I don’t believe I’ve ever experienced a case where any child has had to

       endure as much – I’m gonna take that back, perhaps one other case – as much

       abuse for as long a period of time but certainly not another case where

       opportunities were had to stop the abuse sooner and those people who should

       have taken that opportunity failed to do so, leaving the child to continue
                                                                                     18


suffering the abuse.

          Actually, I was surprised at how the victim handled her time on the

witness stand, and it was a lengthy period of time; but there was a lot to testify

regarding.

          There was an attempt to raise this child in such a way that she believed

that this abuse was right, it’s the way life was supposed to be. Fortunately,

that was one lesson she never completely learned.          It always felt wrong.

Finally, she was able to get out, get the information out to somebody who

supported her.

          She’s been through therapy, continues in therapy, doing well with it.

She’s leading as normal a life as you could hope for almost anyone, but she still

has to deal with the years of abuse.

          The offenses themselves are among the most serious. The Court takes

into consideration how serious the offenses are.          The Court takes into

consideration the age of the victim, starting at 9 years of age, as far as the

convictions are concerned. The Court takes into consideration the age of the

Defendant – he is currently 40 – the relationship between the Defendant and the

victim.

          He was the victim’s not only biological father but the father that was

raising her, the one that was supposed to be nurturing her, teaching her right

from wrong, teaching her valuable lessons that she would need to get through

life as a well-adjusted adult. Instead, what he was teaching her or trying to get
                                                                                           19


       her to believe was how to be maladjusted and what would make him happy.

               This young girl was living a nightmare. Perhaps during the time when

       a lot of this was going on, she wasn’t sure it was a nightmare because that’s not

       what she was being told by the person she looked to for guidance and

       protection.

               Purpose of sentencing in every case is to punish the offender and to

       protect the community.      Protecting the community is not just limited to

       making sure this particular Defendant does not continue to violate the laws and

       rights of others but to also tell others in the community these are the

       consequences if you’re considering engaging in this type of activity.

       (Disposition Tr. 10-12).

       {¶ 41} In the judgment entry of conviction, the trial court stated, in part: “The Court

has considered the record, oral statements, any victim impact statement and presentence report

prepared, as well as the principles and purposes of sentencing under Ohio Revised Code

Section 2929.11, and has balanced the seriousness and recidivism factors Ohio Revised Code

Section 2929.12.”

       {¶ 42} The trial court’s statements on the record and in its judgment entry of

conviction and sentence satisfied its duty to consider the principles and purposes of

sentencing. The trial court is not required to make findings or give its reasons for imposing

maximum, consecutive, or more than minimum sentences. Foster, at paragraph seven of the

syllabus. Despite this, the trial court did explain on the record at the sentencing hearing many

of its reasons for imposing maximum sentences. The fact that Russell had no prior, criminal
                                                                                          20


record is one factor weighing in his favor for a less harsh sentence. But Russell’s contentions

ignore the overwhelming factors favoring a harsher sentence. The trial court did not abuse its

discretion in imposing maximum, consecutive sentences.

       {¶ 43} Russell’s Third Assignment of Error is overruled.



                                       VI. Conclusion

       {¶ 44} All of Russell’s assignments of error having been overruled, the judgment of

the trial court is Affirmed.

                                                  .............

GRADY, P.J. and FROELICH, J., concur.

Copies mailed to:

Lisa M. Fannin
Robert L. Scott
Hon. Richard J. O’Neill
