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IN THE
TENTH COURT OF APPEALS
 

No. 10-93-170-CV

     MARY ROSE OSTEEN, ET AL.,
                                                                                              Appellants
     v.

     GLYNN DODSON, INC., ET AL.,
                                                                                              Appellees
 

From the 40th District Court
Ellis County, Texas
Trial Court # 50074
                                                                                                    

O P I N I O N
                                                                                                    

      Osteen, joined by her children,
 sued Glynn Dodson, Inc. and Ferris Farmers Supply, Inc.
for negligence contributing to injuries to Osteen and the wrongful death of her husband, her
children's father.  The court granted Dodson a take-nothing summary judgment and rendered a
take-nothing judgment in favor of Ferris on a pretrial plea in bar.  Both claims were based on
deemed admissions entered in an identical suit previously dismissed by Osteen through a non-suit. 
In two points of error, Osteen claims that the court erred by granting the defendants take-nothing
judgments.  We will reverse in part and affirm in part.
      At approximately 2:00 in the morning of March 9, 1991, an employee of Dodson spilled
ammonia while he was pumping the chemical from a Ferris transport truck into a storage tank
owned by Ferris.  The fumes from the ammonia invaded the Osteen home, allegedly resulting in
injuries to Mary Osteen and the death of Jimmie Osteen, Mary's husband and the other plaintiffs'
father.
      Osteen filed suit against Dodson and Ferris in 1991.
  Although the suit was filed by counsel,
Osteen apparently proceeded pro se.  In July 1992, the defendants served Osteen with requests for
admissions, which included requests that she admit the defendants did not cause any damage to
Osteen and that the ammonia was not responsible for injuries to Mary or Jimmie Osteen.  See
Tex. R. Civ. P. 169.  Someone handwrote "denied" below each of the requests and returned the
requested admissions to the defendants.
  None of the responses were signed.  Because the
responses were not signed, the requests were deemed admitted.  See id.
      The defendants moved for a summary judgment based on the deemed admissions.  See id.
166a.  Proceeding pro se, Osteen moved for a non-suit without prejudice.  See id. 162.  The court
granted her non-suit on October 27, 1992.
      On March 8, 1993, Osteen refiled the suit, still proceeding pro se.  Dodson moved for a
summary judgment, attaching a copy of the deemed admissions from the prior action.  Ferris
raised a plea in bar, arguing that the second suit was barred as a result of the prior admissions. 
The court granted both defendants the relief they sought.
DODSON'S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
      Dodson relied strictly on the deemed admissions from the prior suit in seeking a summary
judgment.  The parties have framed this case as an interpretation of Rule 169 of the Texas Rules
of Civil Procedure.  Section 2 of this rule states that, "Any admission made by a party under this
rule is for the purpose of the pending action only and neither constitutes an admission by him for
any other purpose nor may be used against him in any other proceeding."  Reading this rule
literally, we hold that the admissions deemed in the prior suit were not available to Dodson for
use in the second suit under Rule 169.
      Because the deemed admissions from the prior suit were not available in the second suit,
Dodson has failed to carry its burden of demonstrating that there are no genuine issues of material
fact to be resolved.  See id. 166a(c).  Thus, the court erred when it granted a summary judgment
for Dodson.  See Nixon v. Mr. Property Management, 690 S.W.2d 546, 548-49 (Tex. 1985). 
Point one is sustained.
      Dodson raises two additional arguments.  Dodson first argues that Osteen abused the non-suit
process by taking the non-suit to avoid the effect of the deemed admissions.  However, "we are
unwilling to hold a plaintiff is in bad faith for taking a non-suit when the case has become
difficult."  See Orion Inv. v. Dunaway and Associates, 760 S.W.2d 371, 374 (Tex. App.—Fort
Worth 1988, writ denied).  Osteen was entitled to take a non-suit in the face of deemed
admissions.

       Dodson also argues that the deemed admissions are a discovery sanction under Rule 215 that
survives the taking of a non-suit.  However, unlike Rule 169, Rule 215 does not operate
automatically.  If admissions may be deemed under Rule 215(4)(a) for failure to comply with Rule
169, they may only be deemed upon a motion by the requesting party.  See Tex. R. Civ. P.
215(4)(b).  There is nothing in the record to indicate that Dodson or Ferris filed a motion
requesting sanctions under Rule 215 in the first suit.  Thus, the issue of whether deemed
admissions survive a non-suit as a discovery sanction is not before us.
FERRIS' PLEA IN BAR 
      Ferris raised the plea in bar in its original answer and requested that the court set the plea for
a hearing.  On May 13, the court conducted an evidentiary hearing on the plea.  The judgment
rendered in favor of Ferris recites that the court admitted exhibits and heard the arguments of the
parties at this hearing.  The court then sustained Ferris' plea and rendered the judgment against
Osteen.
      Osteen complains in point two that the court abused its discretion because "the prerequisites
to asserting a bar to the Second Suit were not met."  In the argument under this point, Osteen
admits that "the basis for . . . sustaining [the plea in bar] remains somewhat of a factual mystery
. . . ."  The reason for Osteen's problem is that "only two documents refer to this Plea in Bar,
there is no statement of facts from the hearing at which the Plea in Bar was sustained, and there
is no documentary evidence in the record in support of the Plea."  Osteen reasons, then, that the
court granted the plea based solely on the language in Ferris' original answer, which refers to the
deemed admissions.  Because these admissions are not available for Ferris' use in this second suit,
Osteen argues that there is no evidence to support the court's action.
      Osteen, as the appellant, has the burden of presenting a sufficient record to show reversible
error.  See Tex. R. App. P. 50(d).  Absent this record, we must presume that sufficient evidence
was introduced at the hearing to support the judgment.  See Schafer v. Conner, 813 S.W.2d 154,
155 (Tex. 1991).  The judgment implies all necessary findings of fact to sustain that judgment. 
See Zac Smith & Co. v. Otis Elevator Co., 734 S.W.2d 662, 666 (Tex. 1987), cert. denied, 484
U.S. 1063, 108 S.Ct. 1022, 98 L.Ed.2d 986 (1988).  Thus, absent a complete record, Osteen is
unable to show that the court erred when it granted the pretrial plea in bar, and point two is
overruled.
      The judgment is affirmed as to Ferris Farmer and reversed as to Glynn Dodson and remanded
for trial.
 
                                                                                 BOB L. THOMAS
                                                                                 Chief Justice

Before Chief Justice Thomas,
          Justice Cummings, and
          Justice Vance
Affirmed in part, Reversed and remanded in part
Opinion delivered and filed April 13, 1994
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