
COURT OF APPEALS
EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
EL PASO, TEXAS





RENE NEVAREZ,

                            Appellant,

v.


INVESTMENT RETRIEVERS, INC., a
California Corporation, Assignee of
CHASE/BANK ONE,

                            Appellee. 

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No. 08-09-00083-CV

Appeal from the

171st Judicial District Court

of El Paso County, Texas 

(TC# 2007-3253)





O P I N I O N

            Appellant appeals the trial court’s judgment in favor of Appellee.  On appeal, Appellant 
argues the trial court erred in allowing certain business records to be admitted into evidence
when they failed to comply with the Texas Rules of Evidence, in accepting a credit card
agreement submitted by Appellee as a valid contract, and in entering a judgment in favor of
Appellee.  We affirm.
            After Chase/Bank One and Appellant entered into a credit card member contractual
agreement, the company issued a credit card to Appellant, and Appellant made purchases and/or
cash advances using the credit card account.  In July 2007, Appellee brought an action against
Appellant for debts Appellant incurred and owed on the credit card account.  In its original
petition, Appellee asserted that Chase/Bank One assigned all of its rights, title, and interest in
monies owed under Appellant’s credit card to Appellee, and that Appellee was the holder and
owner of the disputed credit card account and thus entitled to receive all money due under the
credit card agreement’s terms.  Appellee claimed Appellant defaulted on the payment obligations
under the credit card agreement’s terms and conditions to pay the account, and despite the
company’s demand for payment, Appellant refused to pay the debt owed or any part of it. 
According to Appellee, due to Appellant’s default on the credit card account, Appellant owed a
“principal amount of $7,610.43, plus interest accrued and accruing at the highest contractual rate
allowed by state law of eighteen percent (18 %) per annum from the date of charge off of
02/28/05.”  In Appellant’s answer, Appellant asserted the defenses of improper service and
mistaken identity.  Appellant also claimed that Appellee lacked standing to bring the instant suit,
and that the statute of limitations barred this suit.
            At the conclusion of a hearing, the trial court entered a final judgment in favor of
Appellee in February 2009.  The court determined the company may recover $7,610.43 for the
principal amount due, $5,336.89 as interest, $2,000 for attorney’s fees, $350 for costs of court
and service of process, and “[i]nterest at the legal rate per year on the total judgment from the
date of judgment until paid” from Appellant.  In March 2009, Appellant filed notice of appeal.
            Initially, we note that we must construe Appellant’s brief liberally as Appellant is
appearing pro se.  See Sterner v. Marathon Oil Co., 767 S.W.2d 686, 690 (Tex. 1989).  However,
pro se litigants still must comply with all applicable procedural rules.  Valadez v. Avitia, 238
S.W.3d 843, 845 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2007, no pet.); Martinez v. El Paso County, 218 S.W.3d
841, 844 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2007, pet. struck); Sweed v. City of El Paso, 195 S.W.3d 784, 786
(Tex.App.--El Paso 2006, no pet.).
            Under the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, an appellant’s brief is required to contain
“a clear and concise argument for the contentions made, with appropriate citations to authorities
and to the record.”  Tex.R.App.P. 38.1(i).  Rule 38 requires the appellant to provide us with such
discussion of the facts and the authorities relied upon as may be requisite to maintain the point at
issue.  See Tesoro Petroleum Corp. v. Nabors Drilling USA, Inc., 106 S.W.3d 118, 128
(Tex.App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, pet. denied); Franklin v. Enserch, Inc., 961 S.W.2d 704,
711 (Tex.App.--Amarillo 1998, no pet.).  When the appellate issue is unsupported by argument
or lacks citation to the record or legal authority, nothing is presented for review.  Republic
Underwriters Ins. Co. v. Mex-Tex, Inc., 150 S.W.3d 423, 427 (Tex. 2004); Valadez, 238 S.W.3d
at 843; Martinez, 218 S.W.3d at 844; Nguyen v. Kosnoski, 93 S.W.3d 186, 188 (Tex.App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, no pet.).  As we noted in Valadez:
It is the Appellant’s burden to discuss her assertions of error.  An appellate court
has no duty--or even right--to perform an independent review of the record and
applicable law to determine whether there was error.  Were we to do so, even on
behalf of a pro se appellant, we would be abandoning our role as neutral
adjudicators and become an advocate for that party.  [Citations omitted].

Valadez, 238 S.W.3d at 845.
            Appellant’s brief consists of nine pages.  Those pages include a cover sheet, a table of
authorities, a jurisdictional statement, issues presented for review, a statement of the case, a
summary of the argument, and a certificate of service.  The brief does not contain a statement of
facts or a prayer.  Moreover, Appellant provided no record references, citations to certain
authorities, or clear and concise arguments for all of the issues.  See Tex.R.App.P. 38.1(i). 
Appellant also failed to explain how the cases Appellant mentioned in the brief support specific
contentions in each issue.  We therefore overrule Appellant’s issues as inadequately briefed.  See 
Tex.R.App.P. 38.1; Velasquez v. Waste Connections, Inc., 169 S.W.3d 432, 436 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2005, no pet.)(issue inadequately briefed when argument did not contain any references
to relevant cases or legal principles); Kupchynsky v. Nardiello, 230 S.W.3d 685, 692 (Tex.App.--Dallas 2007, pet. denied)(issue inadequately briefed when party gave general cite to one case
stating elements of cause of action); Sterling v. Alexander, 99 S.W.3d 793, 799 (Tex.App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 2003, pet. denied)(issue inadequately briefed when party failed to make
proper citations to authority or the record and in failing to make a cogent argument); Wheeler v.
Methodist Hosp., 95 S.W.3d 628, 646 (Tex.App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, no pet.)(issue
inadequately briefed when party did little more than summarily state her point of error, without
citations to legal authority or substantive analysis).  Accordingly, Issues One, Two, and Three are
overruled.
            Having overruled Appellant’s issues presented for review, we affirm the trial court’s
judgment.


July 14, 2010
DAVID WELLINGTON CHEW, Chief Justice

Before Chew, C.J., McClure, and Rivera, JJ.
