                             STATE OF MICHIGAN

                              COURT OF APPEALS



RONNIE DANCER and ANNETTE DANCER,                                      UNPUBLISHED
                                                                       April 26, 2016
                 Plaintiff-Appellants,

v                                                                      No. 324314
                                                                       Kalamazoo Circuit Court
CLARK CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, INC.,                                      LC No. 2012-000571-NO
and BETTER BUILT CONSTRUCTION
SERVICES, INC.,

                 Defendant-Appellees.


Before: MURPHY, P.J., and WILDER and BORRELLO, JJ.

WILDER, J. (dissenting).

        I respectfully dissent. Because it is undisputed that plaintiff1 was not injured in a
“common work area,” as that phrase is defined by binding precedent, I would affirm the trial
court’s order granting summary disposition to defendants under MCR 2.116(C)(10).

        There are four essential elements for a claim pursued under the common work area
doctrine, “all of which must be satisfied”: “(1) that the defendant contractor failed to take
reasonable steps within its supervisory and coordinating authority (2) to guard against readily
observable and avoidable dangers (3) that created a high degree of risk to a significant number of
workmen (4) in a common work area.” Ormsby v Capital Welding, Inc, 471 Mich 45, 57, 59 n
11; 684 NW2d 320 (2004) (second emphasis added). Citing in support Candelaria v B C Gen
Contractors, Inc, 236 Mich App 67, 75; 600 NW2d 348 (1999), the majority notes that a
common work area exists if “the employees of two or more subcontractors eventually work in
the same area.” (Emphases added.) Yet, after recognizing that plaintiff fell from a scaffolding at
“an elevation that only he and his fellow Leidal & Hart employees reached,” i.e., from an area
where only employees of his single subcontractor worked, the majority nevertheless concludes
that plaintiff was injured in a “common” work area. I disagree.

       The majority’s analysis conflates the third and fourth elements, treating the fourth
(whether the injury occurred “in a common work area”) as a sort of subset of the third (whether


1
    References to “plaintiff,” in the singular, denote plaintiff Ronnie Dancer.


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there was “a high degree of risk to a significant number of workmen”). As our Supreme Court
explained in Ormsby, the common work area doctrine tends to yield such imprecise reasoning:
“It is potentially confusing and, indeed, may have misled some courts, that a test with four
elements has been referred to by only one of its elements—the ‘common work area.’ What is
commonly referred to as the ‘common work area doctrine,’ however, has four separate elements,
all of which must be satisfied before that doctrine may apply.” Ormsby, 471 Mich at 59 n 11.2

        Here, the evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to plaintiff as the nonmoving
party, establishes that plaintiff was not injured in the “same” area where employees of two or
more subcontractors had worked; rather, he was injured in an area where the employees of only
one subcontractor, Leidal & Hart, had worked. Moreover, there is no record evidence that
employees of other subcontractors would “eventually” work on the scaffold at that same
elevation. Hence, plaintiff was not injured by a danger that was present in a “common” work
area, see Candelaria, 236 Mich App at 75, and summary disposition in favor of defendants was
appropriate.

        The majority’s contrary conclusion is a step toward imposing strict liability on general
contractors for all hazards on construction sites. If the area from which plaintiff fell is a
“common” work area, “then virtually no place or object located on the construction premises
could be considered not to be a common work area.” See Hughes v PMG Bldg, Inc, 227 Mich
App 1, 8; 574 NW2d 691 (1997) (holding that a porch overhang atop which four roofers worked,
all of whom were employees of the same roofing subcontractor, did not constitute a common
work area); see also Ormsby, 471 Mich at 57 n 9 (quoting the above portion of Hughes with
approval).

       For those reasons, I would affirm.



                                                           /s/ Kurtis T. Wilder




2
 Indeed, such confusion has led some courts to construe the four elements as representing “a
number of different tests for when a common work area exists.” See Smith v BREA Prop Mgt of
Michigan LLC, 490 Fed Appx 682, 685 (CA 6, 2012).


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