                                                                                  FILED
                                                                      United States Court of Appeals
                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                          Tenth Circuit

                             FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT                             July 10, 2017
                         _________________________________
                                                                          Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                              Clerk of Court
TONY L. OLSON,

      Plaintiff - Appellant,

v.                                                         No. 15-3231
                                                  (D.C. No. 2:14-CV-02474-JWL)
NANCY A. BERRYHILL,*                                         (D. Kan.)
Acting Commissioner of Social Security,

      Defendant - Appellee.
                      _________________________________

                             ORDER AND JUDGMENT**
                         _________________________________

Before TYMKOVICH, Chief Judge, KELLY and O’BRIEN, Circuit Judges.
                 _________________________________

      Tony L. Olson appeals pro se from a district court order affirming the

Commissioner’s denial of disability insurance benefits (DIB) and supplemental security

income (SSI). Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 42 U.S.C. § 405(g),

we affirm.

      *
       Under Fed. R. App. P. 43(c)(2), Nancy A. Berryhill is substituted for Carolyn
W. Colvin as the Acting Commissioner of the Social Security Administration.
      **
         After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding
precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral
estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with
Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
                                       BACKGROUND

       Olson has worked as a truck driver and “a union field organizer/membership

solicitor.” R., Vol. I at 203. He has a high school education.

       In 2010, at the age of 45, he applied for DIB and SSI, claiming disability due to

high blood pressure, an enlarged heart valve, a bilateral “[l]ung condition,” migraines,

and “[v]ision problems.” Id. at 506. In 2011, Olson added he had fainted and fallen off

of a deck, fracturing two cervical vertebrae, but not requiring surgery.

       In April 2012, an administrative law judge (ALJ) held a hearing and found Olson

not disabled. She relied heavily on the testimony of an independent neurologist, Gerald

Winkler, M.D., who opined Olson’s neck “situation [wa]s stable,” id. at 147, and he

retained “the strength to carry out normal activities,” but he should avoid “expos[ure] . . .

to further [neck] trauma,” id. at 148. The Appeals Council vacated the decision,

however, and remanded for consideration of Olson’s “cardiac impairments.” Id. at 212.

       On remand, the ALJ obtained testimony from cardiologist David West, M.D.;

pulmonologist William Houser, M.D.; Olson; and a vocational expert. Dr. West

described Olson’s cardiac health as “only minimally compromised.” Id. at 121.

Dr. Houser opined that Olson has “a reduction in breathing capacity” caused by an

enlarged heart, id. at 129, as well as sleep apnea, but he “doesn’t have a pulmonary

disease,” id. at 131. Olson testified he has “consistent[ly] [passed out] over the last

[several] years” and must use a wheelchair to prevent falls, id. at 87, and he needs a

portable oxygen unit “[b]ecause [his] oxygen level gets low,” id. at 86. He claimed

difficulty reading and “seeing anything from center above,” id. at 99, because of an “eye

                                              2
problem . . . in the back of [his] head,” caused by his “broke[n] . . . neck,” id. at 102.

A vocational expert (VE) testified a hypothetical claimant with Olson’s age, education,

and work history could perform several jobs in the national economy if limited to

semi-skilled and light exertional work and certain other restrictions.

       The ALJ again found Olson not disabled. The ALJ identified Olson’s severe

impairments as a cervical fracture, degenerative disc disease, obesity, bilateral hearing

loss, and right ankle degenerative changes/sprain or strain. Despite these impairments,

the ALJ found he had a residual functional capacity (RFC) compatible with light work,

with restrictions related to reaching; ambulation; exposure to loud noises, extreme

temperatures and dangerous machinery; and interactions with others. In doing so, the

ALJ relied on the Physical RFC Assessment completed by a state agency consulting

physician, Kyle Timmerman, M.D., who noted Olson “had absolutely no neurological

sequelae” from his cervical fracture, id. at 967, and was being treated conservatively

“w/an Aspen collar,” id. at 964.

       The ALJ found the opinions and observations of Olson’s own neurologist,

Timothy Stepp, M.D., were “not inconsistent” with the above RFC for light work. Id.

at 61. In particular, the ALJ noted Dr. Stepp had observed Olson exhibit “5/5 motor

strength and nonspastic gait” just five months after the fracture. Id. The ALJ did not,

however, accept Dr. Stepp’s conclusion expressed on a “Work Form” a year after the

accident that Olson “should be considered permanently disabled.” Id. at 1265. The ALJ

noted Dr. Stepp’s conclusion did not “assert any specific functional limitations, and it



                                               3
otherwise [was] conclusory to the ultimate issue of disability, which is a legal decision

reserved to the Commissioner.” Id. at 62.

       The ALJ rejected a restrictive RFC because Olson had “present[ed] a false picture

of himself” and “undermine[d] his allegations of being disabled.” Id. at 56. In particular,

the ALJ noted Olson had owned and managed a bar for nearly six months after his

alleged disability-onset date. Further, the ALJ observed Olson had renewed his

commercial driver’s license in January 2013, with a motorcycle endorsement and no

restrictions. Additionally, the ALJ recounted how an investigator from the Disability

Investigation Unit (DIU) had contacted four of Olson’s neighbors and they denied ever

seeing Olson (1) “being chauffeured by” anyone, id. at 1816; or (2) using a wheelchair or

oxygen. Consequently, the ALJ concluded Olson’s claimed limitations could not be fully

accepted in fashioning his RFC unless they were “directly shown and supported by

objective medical findings on a 12-month durational basis.” Id. at 58.

       The ALJ then examined the medical records and testimonies from both hearings

and concluded while Olson could not perform either of his prior jobs, he could perform

other jobs in the national economy as identified by the VE: bench assembler; mail clerk;

office helper; document preparer; circuit board assembler; and final assembler. The

Appeals Council denied review.




                                             4
       Olson, through a new attorney, then petitioned for review in federal court. The

district court affirmed, prompting this pro se appeal.1

                                        DISCUSSION

                                 I. Standards of Review

       We review de novo the district court’s ruling in a social security case and

“independently determine whether the ALJ’s decision is free from legal error and

supported by substantial evidence.” Wall v. Astrue, 561 F.3d 1048, 1052 (10th Cir. 2009)

(internal quotation marks omitted). “Substantial evidence is such relevant evidence as a

reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Wilson v. Astrue,

602 F.3d 1136, 1140 (10th Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted). Because Olson

is proceeding pro se on appeal, we construe his briefs liberally, but we do not serve as his

advocate. Yang v. Archuleta, 525 F.3d 925, 927 n.1 (10th Cir. 2008).

                               II. Treating-Physician Rule

       Olson argues the ALJ erred by discounting Dr. Stepp’s opinions and relying on

Dr. Timmerman’s and Dr. Winkle’s opinions. We disagree.2



       1
        Olson indicates “[t]his case is about back pay,” as he has been awarded
benefits going forward based on recent neck and parathyroid surgeries. Reply Br.
at 13.
       2
        To the extent Olson complains the ALJ failed to take the “advice of . . . all
kind [sic] of other treating doctor [sic],” Aplt. Opening Br. at 2, he does not mention
how any one of those doctors’ opinions bears on his limitations. This court
“routinely . . . decline[s] to consider arguments that are . . . inadequately presented[ ]
in an appellant’s opening brief,” Bronson v. Swensen, 500 F.3d 1099, 1104 (10th Cir.
2007), and we do so here as to Olson’s unspecified treating physicians.

                                             5
       A treating physician’s opinion must be given controlling weight if it “well

supported by medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques and is

consistent with the other substantial evidence in the record.” Allman v. Colvin, 813 F.3d

1326, 1331 (10th Cir. 2016) (internal quotation marks omitted). If the ALJ decides,

however, that “the treating physician’s opinion is not entitled to controlling weight, the

ALJ must then consider whether the opinion should be rejected altogether or assigned

some lesser weight.” Pisciotta v. Astrue, 500 F.3d 1074, 1077 (10th Cir. 2007).

       Here, the ALJ rejected Dr. Stepp’s opinion only insofar as he opined Olson was

disabled and unable to work. Although a treating physician may offer his “judgments

about the nature and severity of [the claimant’s] impairment(s),” a treating physician may

not render opinions that are essentially “administrative findings . . . dispositive of a case,”

such as whether the claimant is disabled. SSR 96-5p, 1996 WL 374183, at *2. As the

ALJ noted, Dr. Stepp’s disability opinion was not accompanied by any discussion of the

functional limitations caused by Olson’s symptoms, diagnoses, or prognoses. This

omission was particularly significant given Dr. Stepp’s earlier medical opinion that Olson

“[was] continuing to progress following his complex cervical spine injury” and “ha[d]

completely weaned himself from his cervical collar.” R., Vol. I at 1115. We conclude

the ALJ did not err in his treatment of Dr. Stepp’s opinion concerning disability.

                                      III. Credibility

       Olson argues the ALJ erred by finding his claimed limitations were not fully

credible absent corroboration. “Credibility determinations are peculiarly the province of

the finder of fact, and we will not upset such determinations when supported by

                                              6
substantial evidence.” Newbold v. Colvin, 718 F.3d 1257, 1267 (10th Cir. 2013) (internal

quotation marks omitted). In finding Olson not fully credible, the ALJ cited multiple

pieces of evidence suggesting Olson had exaggerated his symptoms and the resulting

limitations. The ALJ’s credibility findings were “closely and affirmatively linked to

substantial evidence and not just a conclusion in the guise of findings.” Id. (internal

quotation marks omitted). Thus, the ALJ did not err.

                                          IV. Waiver

       Olson attempts to assert multiple arguments not raised in the district court. For

instance, he argues (1) the medical opinions of Dr. Timmerman and Dr. Winkle are not

entitled to any weight because the doctors “had malpractice judgement[s]” against them,

Aplt. Opening Br. at 2; (2) the ALJ was prejudiced because she tried to indict Olson and

his father in 1992 when she was a federal prosecutor; (3) the ALJ “ordered a murder

investigation . . . by the Metro Squad,” id. at 4; (4) the DIU investigation violated his

“4th, 5th, 8th and 14th Amendment[ ]” rights, id.; (5) the ALJ required an unnecessary

eye exam performed by one of her college classmates; and (6) his lawyers provided

ineffective assistance “[t]hroughout this case” by “saying the [DIU] investigation could

not be put in the case file as it was heresay [sic],” id. at 6.

       But if a “theory . . . wasn’t raised [in] the district court, we usually hold it

forfeited.” Fish v. Kobach, 840 F.3d 710, 729 (10th Cir. 2016) (internal quotation marks

omitted). While we may consider a forfeited theory “if failing to do so would entrench a

plainly erroneous result,” the theory’s proponent must “argue for plain error and its

application on appeal.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). Because Olson has made

                                                7
no plain-error argument on appeal, the arguments he failed to raise in the district court are

waived. See id.3

                                       CONCLUSION

       The district court’s judgment is affirmed.


                                              Entered for the Court
                                              Per Curiam




       3
         To the extent Olson argues he received ineffective assistance of counsel in
the district court, Olson had no Sixth Amendment right to counsel as a civil litigant.
See Johnson v. Johnson, 466 F.3d 1213, 1217 (10th Cir. 2006). Therefore, such a
claim is without merit.

                                             8
