[Cite as In re C.S. , 2012-Ohio-599.]


                                        COURT OF APPEALS
                                   TUSCARAWAS COUNTY, OHIO
                                    FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

IN THE MATTER OF:                                 JUDGES:
                                                  Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J.
C.S.                                              Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J.
                                                  Hon. John W. Wise, J.
NEGLECTED/DEPENDENT CHILD
                                                  Case No. 2011 AP 08 0034


                                                  OPINION




CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                       Appeal from the Tuscarawas County Court
                                               of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Case
                                               No. 11 JN00132


JUDGMENT:                                      Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                        February 14, 2012

APPEARANCES:

For Appellee                                   For Appellant - Mother

DAVID W. HAVERFIELD                     SHARON BUCKLEY-MIRHAIDARI
Tuscarawas County Job & Family Services 152 North Broadway Avenue, Suite 101
389 16th Street, SW                     New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663
New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663


Guardian ad Litem                              Counsel for Father

KAREN DUMMERMUTH                               DOUG JACKSON
P.O. Box 494                                   214 North Dawson Street
New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663                   Uhrichsville, Ohio 44683
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 08 0034                                                 2

Hoffman, P.J.


       (¶1)   Appellant Brenda Kallaur (“Mother”) appeals the July 14, 2011 Judgment

Entry entered by the Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Court,

which granted legal custody of her minor daughter, C.S., to Christopher Smith

(“Father”). Appellee is the Tuscarawas County Job and Family Services (“TCJFS”).

                           STATEMENT OF THE CASE AND FACTS

       (¶2)   On March 11, 2011, the Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas,

Juvenile Court, issued an ex parte order placing C.S. in the temporary custody of

TCJFS. TCJFS filed a Complaint on March 14, 2011, alleging C.S. (dob 7/12/97) was a

neglected and dependent child. The trial court conducted a shelter care hearing on the

same day.       TCJFS based its Complaint on the fact Mother was incoherent and

appeared to be under the influence at a court hearing on March 11, 2011. Mother had

tampered with a drug test. Mother had a history with TCJFS.

       (¶3)   The trial court scheduled an adjudicatory hearing on April 13, 2011. Due

to a conflict of interest, the trial court allowed the public defender’s office to withdraw as

counsel for Mother. The trial court continued the hearing until May 10, 2011. Upon

agreement of the parties, the trial court placed C.S. in the temporary custody of Father

under the protective supervision of TCJFS. The trial court continued the order Mother

have no visitation or contact with C.S. The trial court memorialized its decision via

Judgment Entry filed April 14, 2011.

       (¶4)   At the adjudicatory hearing on May 10, 2011, Mother and Father stipulated

to a finding of neglect and dependency.         The matter proceeded to a dispositional

hearing. Upon recommendation of the guardian ad litem, the trial court ordered C.S.
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 08 0034                                            3


remain in the temporary custody of Father under the protective supervision of TCJFS.

TCJFS filed a Motion to Modify Prior Disposition on June 16, 2011, asking the trial court

to change legal custody of C.S. to Father.

      (¶5)   The trial court conducted a hearing on TCJFS’s motion on July 13, 2011.

The testimony at the hearing revealed the only aspect of Mother’s case plan she

completed was the psychological evaluation.          However, even completion of the

evaluation was difficult. Mother failed to keep appointments with the therapist. Mother

was combative and argumentative with the staff. On a number of occasions, Mother

appeared at the office insisting she was scheduled for an appointment when she was

not scheduled.    Appointments had to be terminated as Mother arrived under the

influence of drugs. Mother began parenting classes, but was removed because of her

disruptive behavior. She failed to complete assignments and fell asleep during class.

Mother never completed the program. Mother did not complete a drug assessment or

follow through with treatment. Mother denied the use of illegal drugs despite positive

drug screens for heroin and cocaine.

      (¶6)   Jamie Grunder, the ongoing case worker, testified she had previous

involvement with Father and his wife.        Grunder noted she had seen many positive

changes in them. Father and his wife, who both had histories of drug use, had been

sober for extended periods of time.      C.S. was doing well with Father.      She had

consistent attendance at school, was doing well academically, and was addressing her

weight problem.   At the beginning of the case, C.S. was afraid of Father.       TCJFS

learned Mother had engaged in a pattern of alienating C.S. from Father.
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 08 0034                                             4


       (¶7)   Via Judgment Entry filed July 14, 2011, the trial court granted Father legal

custody of C.S. The trial court ordered Mother to have “no contact whatsoever” with

C.S. until further order.

       (¶8)   It is from this judgment entry Mother appeals, raising the following

assignments of error:

       (¶9)   “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN AWARDING LEGAL CUSTODY OF

THE MINOR CHILD TO HER FATHER WHEN JOB AND FAMILY SERVICES FAILED

TO    EXPEND      REASONABLE        EFFORTS         TO   REUNITE   THE    CHILD     WITH

APPELLANT/MOTHER.

       (¶10) “II. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN FINDING THAT

AN AWARD OF LEGAL CUSTODY TO THE FATHER WAS IN THE BEST INTEREST

OF THE MINOR CHILD WHEN APPELLANT/MOTHER WAS NOT PERMITTED TIME

TO COMPLETE CASE PLAN SERVICES.                THE TRIAL COURT’S DECISION WAS

NOT SUPPORTED BY COMPETENT AND CREDIBLE EVIDENCE.

       (¶11) “III. THE TRIAL COURT DENIED MOTHER DUE PROCESS OF LAW IN

TERMINATING THE CASE AND ISSUING A NO CONTACT ORDER.”

                                                I

       (¶12) In her first assignment of error, Mother contends the trial court erred in

granting legal custody of C.S. to Father as TCJFS failed to use reasonable efforts to

reunite the child with her.

       (¶13) Pursuant to R.C. 2151.419, the agency which removed the child from the

home must have made reasonable efforts to prevent the removal of the child from the

child's home, eliminate the continued removal of the child from the home, or make it
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 08 0034                                              5


possible for the child to return home safely. The statute assigns the burden of proof to

the agency to demonstrate it has made reasonable efforts.

      (¶14) TCJFS implemented a comprehensive reunification plan to assist Mother

in remedying the problems which caused C.S. to be removed. The case plan required

Mother to complete a parent education program; complete a psychological evaluation

and follow all recommendations; submit to random drug screens; complete a drug and

alcohol assessment and follow all recommendations; and maintain stable housing and

employment.

      (¶15) The record reveals Mother attended parenting classes, but was removed

for disruptive behavior, as well as her refusal to take responsibility for her own behavior

and constantly blaming Father for the problems. Mother was permitted to return to

another class, but did not attend any classes and never completed the program. Mother

eventually completed the psychological evaluation, but only after canceling and no

showing for many appointments. Mother appeared to appointments under the influence

and was combative with the staff. Mother had repeated positive drug screens, but

continued to deny the use of any drugs.        Mother did not obtain stable housing or

employment. She was seen panhandling on an exit of the Interstate.

      (¶16) When a trial court is considering whether the agency made reasonable

efforts to prevent the removal, the issue is not whether the agency could have done

more, but whether it did enough to satisfy the reasonableness standard under the

statute. In re Brewer (Feb. 12, 1996), Belmont App. No. 94-B-28, 1996 WL 65939, at 3;

In re Davidson-Rush, 5th Dist. No. 2006 CA 00121, 2006-Ohio-4873 at ¶ 50. “In
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 08 0034                                              6


determining whether reasonable efforts were made, the child's health and safety shall

be paramount.” R.C. 2151.419(A)(1).

       (¶17) We have reviewed the record, and find substantial evidence to establish

Mother made no progress toward alleviating TCJFS’s core concerns for C.S. despite

TCJFS’s reasonable efforts to reunify the family.

       (¶18) Mother’s first assignment of error is overruled.

                                                II

       (¶19) In her second assignment of error, Mother asserts the trial court abused

its discretion in awarding legal custody of C.S. to Father as the best interest finding was

not based upon competent and credible evidence because Mother was not provided

sufficient time to complete her case plan services.

       (¶20) Once a child is adjudicated abused, neglected or dependent, a juvenile

court may award legal custody of the child to any parent or person who files a motion

requesting legal custody. R.C. 2151.353(A)(3). In determining whether to grant legal

custody to the parent or movant, the court must comply with R.C. 2151.42, which

requires the court to consider the best interest of the child in making the custody

determination. R.C. 2151.42(A).

       (¶21) On appeal, we will not reverse an award of legal custody absent an abuse

of discretion. In re Gales, Franklin App. No. 03AP-445, 2003-Ohio-6309; In re Nice

(2001), 141 Ohio App.3d 445, 455, 751 N.E.2d 552. Abuse of discretion connotes more

than an error of law or judgment. Rather, it implies that the trial court's decision was

unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore (1983), 5 Ohio

St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140. “ ‘[L]egal custody where parental rights are not
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 08 0034                                               7

terminated is not as drastic a remedy as permanent custody ’.” In re A.W.-G., Butler

App. No. CA2003-04-099, 2004-Ohio-2298, at ¶ 7, quoting Nice at 455, 751 N.E.2d

552. Therefore, the trial court's standard of review in legal custody proceedings is not

clear and convincing evidence, as it is in permanent custody proceedings, but is merely

preponderance of the evidence. Nice at 455, 751 N.E.2d 552; In re A.W.-G; In re Law,

Tuscarawas App. No.2003 AP 06 45, 2004-Ohio-117. “Preponderance of the evidence”

means “evidence that's more probable, more persuasive or of greater probative value.”

State v. Finkes (Mar. 28, 2002), Franklin App. No. 01AP-310. See, also, In re A.W.G. at

fn. 1.

         (¶22) This Court has previously held, following a dispositional order made

pursuant to R.C. 2151.353(A)(3) granting legal custody to a parent, a trial court is not

required to make an attempt to reunify the family by ordering the preparation of a case

plan.    In re: Sullivan, 5th Dist. No. 06-COA-031, 2007-Ohio-2541. Based upon this

holding, we find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in failing to provide Mother

with additional time in which to complete her case plan.

         (¶23) Furthermore, R.C. 2151.353(A) does not set forth a waiting period before

which the trial court may enter a dispositional order following an adjudication of abuse,

neglect, or dependency. R.C. 2151.353(A) contemplates a trial court may enter one of

the six alternative orders of disposition immediately following the adjudication phase.

         (¶24) Additionally, we find the outcome of the proceedings would not have been

different had Mother been given more time in which to complete her case plan. The

only aspect of the case plan Mother completed was the psychological evaluation.

However, even that was a struggle as Mother appeared to appointments impaired,
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 08 0034                                             8


cancelled or no showed a number of appointments, and appeared for appointments

when she was not scheduled and wreaked havoc with the office staff. Mother refused

to accept responsibility for the situation. Mother was terminated from parenting class,

then failed to attend after she was permitted to return. Mother had taken no steps

toward securing housing or employment. She tested positive for drugs throughout the

proceeding.

       (¶25) Mother’s second assignment of error is overruled.

                                                 III

       (¶26) In her final assignment of error, Mother submits the trial court violated her

right to due process by terminating the case and issuing an order she have no contact

or visitation with C.S.

       (¶27) Having found no error in the trial court’s actions in Assignments of Error I

and II, supra, we find the trial court did not violate Mother’s right to due process.

       (¶28) Mother’s third assignment of error is overruled.

       (¶29) The judgment of the Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas,

Juvenile Division, is affirmed.

By: Hoffman, P.J.

Farmer, J. and

Wise, J. concur                                s/ William B. Hoffman _________________
                                               HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN


                                               s/ Sheila G. Farmer __________________
                                               HON. SHEILA G. FARMER


                                               s/ John W. Wise______________________
                                               HON. JOHN W. WISE
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 08 0034                                      9


         IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR TUSCARAWAS COUNTY, OHIO
                        FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT


IN THE MATTER OF:                         :
                                          :
C.S.                                      :
                                          :
NEGLECTED/DEPENDENT CHILD                 :         JUDGMENT ENTRY
                                          :
                                          :
                                          :         Case No. 2011 AP 08 0034



       For the reasons stated in our accompanying Opinion, the judgment of the

Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed. Costs

assessed to Appellant.




                                          s/ William B. Hoffman _________________
                                          HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN


                                          s/ Sheila G. Farmer __________________
                                          HON. SHEILA G. FARMER


                                          s/ John W. Wise _____________________
                                          HON. JOHN W. WISE
