[Cite as Lee v. Starr, 2020-Ohio-1649.]


                                        COURT OF APPEALS
                                      LICKING COUNTY, OHIO
                                    FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT



CODY T. LEE                                       JUDGES:
                                                  Hon. John W. Wise, P.J.
        Appellee                                  Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
                                                  Hon. Earle E. Wise, Jr., J.
-vs-
                                                  Case No. 2019 CA 00094
LEAH MARIE LEILANI STARR

        Appellant                                 OPINION




CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                       Civil Appeal from the Court of Common
                                               Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, Case
                                               No. 17 DR 1251

JUDGMENT:                                      Affirmed



DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                        April 22, 2020



APPEARANCES:

For Appellee                                   For Appellant

RANDY L. HAPPENEY                              COURTNEY A. ZOLLARS
DAGGER, JOHNSTON, MILLER,                      THE NIGH LAW GROUP, LLC
OGILVIE & HAMPSON                              115 West Main Street
144 East Main Street, P. O. Box 667            Suite 300(A)
Lancaster, Ohio 43130                          Columbus, Ohio 43215

GUARDIAN AD LITEM

MELINDA SEEDS
195 East Broad Street
Pataskala, Ohio 43062
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                    2


Wise, John, P. J.

       {¶1}   Defendant-Appellant Leah Marie Leilani Starr appeals the August 23, 2019,

decision of the Licking County Court of Common Pleas determining parentage and

allocation of parental rights and responsibilities.

       {¶2}   Plaintiff-Appellee is Cody T. Lee.

                           STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE

       {¶3}   The relevant facts and procedural history are as follows:

       {¶4}   Appellant Leah Starr and Appellee Cody Lee are the parents of the minor

child Irelynn Marie Starr-Lee (DOB: October 30, 2016). The parties met while they were

both working at the Dr. Pepper Bottling/Distribution plant located in Columbus, Ohio. (T.

at 17-18). Appellee testified that the parties were actually broken up at the time Appellant

disclosed she was pregnant, but Appellee participated in the pregnancy. (T. at 27-29).

Just prior to the birth of the minor child, Appellee moved in with Appellant into an

apartment in which she and her older child, Jacob, had just recently moved. (T. at 28).

       {¶5}   The child’s birth certificate listed her name as Irelynn Marie Starr-Lee.

However, no Acknowledgement of Paternity was ever completed.

       {¶6}   Appellee and Appellant resided together from just prior to the birth of the

child until October 31 or November 1, 2017, when Appellee advised Appellant that he

was moving out of the apartment they shared. (T. at 30, 248).

       {¶7}   On November 7, 2017, Appellee filed a Complaint for Determination of

Parentage and Allocation of Parental Rights and Responsibilities, which was served on

Appellant on November 14, 2017.
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                       3


       {¶8}   On November 1, 2018, and November 2, 2018, Plaintiff’s Complaint for

Determination of Parentage and Allocation of Parental Rights and Responsibilities was

heard before a magistrate.

       {¶9}   At the hearing, the Magistrate heard the following testimony:

       {¶10} Appellee testified that when Appellant was pregnant, he attended doctor’s

appointments with her and helped financially by paying for the appointments. (T. at 29).

He and Appellant also visited a couple of hospitals together prior to the child’s birth to

determine which hospital they preferred. Id. He was also present at the child’s birth. Id.

       {¶11} Appellee testified that while he and Appellant were living together, Appellant

would not allow him to pick Irelynn up from daycare, take her anywhere, or do anything

with her by himself, without Appellant present. (T. at 32). He testified that the only one-

on-one time he was allowed with his child was playing with her in the apartment, but that

Appellant was also there in the apartment. Id.

       {¶12} Appellee testified that he and Appellant attended approximately three or

four counseling sessions in the fall of 2017, not long before he moved out.

       {¶13} Appellee testified that unbeknownst to him, upon advising Appellant that he

was moving out, she began making arrangements to move cross-country, to the state of

Washington, to reside with her mother. (T. at 39). She gave her employer two weeks’

notice on November 6, 2017, explaining that she had "another opportunity that is too hard

to pass up ... " (Appellee Ex. 17).

       {¶14} Appellant admitted that she asked her employer not to disclose her

resignation because Appellee worked there. (T. at 401). She stated that her lawyer told
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                     4


her not to tell Appellee. (T. at 340). She testified that she did not notify Chris Boyce, the

father of her older child, Jacob, either. (T. at 339).

       {¶15} Appellant in her testimony claimed that Appellee had an alcohol problem,

was a racist, was violent, was a bully, and that he did not know how to provide primary

care for the child because he had never done it. She also claimed that he showed a

photograph of her around work at Dr. Pepper in 2012, which resulted in her being shunned

for 5 years and ultimately caused her to resign her position there.

       {¶16} The Magistrate also reviewed the Guardian ad Litem’s (GAL) Final Report

and heard the GAL’s testimony and recommendations.

       {¶17} On April 2, 2019, the Magistrate's Decision was filed.

       {¶18} The Magistrate found insufficient evidence to support Appellant’s claims

with regard to Appellee’s fitness. The Magistrate further found that Appellant prevented

Appellee from actively parenting the child outside of her direct supervision, and that

Appellee’s testimony with regard to this issue was more credible than Appellant’s

(Magistrate Dec. at 8). The Magistrate also found that Appellant actively took steps to

keep Appellee from learning that she intended to move the child to the state of

Washington. (Magistrate’s Dec. at 8-9).

       {¶19} In response to concerns raised by Appellant, the Magistrate found the GAL

appeared to have performed a thorough investigation in this case and that she completed

her duties to an extent sufficient to allow her to make a reasoned and informed

recommendation. (Magistrate’s Dec. at 7). Additionally, the Magistrate found Appellant

failed to comply with the GAL’s requests for her to sign releases to allow her to speak
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                     5


with various professionals and further failed to send the GAL pictures of her residence as

requested. Id.

       {¶20} The Magistrate found that Appellee was the parent most likely to encourage

the sharing of love and affection between the child and the other parent and to cooperate

and communicate with the other parent. (Magistrate’s Dec. at 9).

       {¶21} Ultimately, the Magistrate found that it was not in the child’s best interest to

award sole custody to Appellant noting that she does not appear to understand how

important both parents are in a child’s life. Specifically, she does not appear to understand

that Appellee in this case is willing and able to be an active and loving parent and should

be given the opportunity to be one. Id.

       {¶22} The Magistrate found that it was appropriate and in the child’s best interest

for Appellee to be named the sole legal custodian and residential parent.

       {¶23} By Judgment Entry filed April 2, 2019, the trial court approved and adopted

the Magistrate’s Decision.

       {¶24} On April 16, 2019, Appellant filed objections to the Magistrate’s Decision,

raising 16 objections. On the same date, Appellant also filed a Motion for Extension of

Time to Supplement Objection to Magistrate’s Decision once the transcript was

completed, which the court granted on April 17, 2019.

       {¶25} On July 3, 2019, Appellant filed her Supplemental Objection to the

Magistrate’s Decision, raising 8 objections.

       {¶26} On July 26, 2019, Appellee filed his Response to the Objections to the

Magistrate’s Decision.
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                    6


      {¶27} On August 20, 2019, the trial court denied Appellant’s objections, and the

findings of fact and conclusions of law found within the April 2, 2019, Magistrate's

Decision were adopted by the trial court.

      {¶28} By Judgment Entry filed August 23, 2019, the trial court made certain orders

including a parenting time schedule, healthcare, child support, etc. The trial court also

denied Appellee’s Motion for Contempt and approved and allowed the GAL’s bills.

         {¶29} Appellant now appeals, raising the following assignments of error for review:

                               ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR1

      {¶30} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT APPELLANT'S

TESTIMONY WAS NOT CREDIBLE.

      {¶31} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT EVIDENCE WAS

LACKING THAT DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OCCURRED BETWEEN THE PARTIES.

      {¶32} “III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT APPELLEE'S

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION DID NOT HAVE A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE MINOR

CHILD.

      {¶33} “IV. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT APPELLEE WAS

LIKELY TO HONOR AND FACILITATE VISITATION AND COMPANIONSHIP RIGHTS

OF THE APPELLANT AS THEY RELATE TO THE MINOR CHILD.

      {¶34} “V. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT APPELLANT HAD

UNCLEAN HANDS WHEN RAISING THE ISSUE ON OBJECTION THAT THE




1Appellant’s Assignments of Error were labeled a-h in her brief but have been re-
numbered I-VIII for purposes of this Opinion.
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                  7


GUARDIAN AD LITEM WAS BIASED AND SHOWED FAVORITISM TO THE

APPELLEE.

      {¶35} “VI. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT THE GUARDIAN AD

LITEM CONDUCTED A THOROUGH INVESTIGATION.

      {¶36} “VII. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT APPELLEE WAS THE

PARENT MOST LIKELY TO ENCOURAGE A LOVING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE

CHILD AND THE PARENTS.

      {¶37} “VIII. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT IT WAS IN THE

MINOR CHILD'S BEST INTEREST FOR THE APPELLEE TO BE NAMED THE SOLE

LEGAL CUSTODIAN OF THE MINOR CHILD.”

                                      Standard of Review

      {¶38} Our standard of review in assessing the disposition of child custody matters

is that of abuse of discretion. Miller v. Miller, 37 Ohio St.3d 71, 523 N.E.2d 846 (1988).

Furthermore, as an appellate court reviewing evidence in custody matters, we do not

function as fact finders; we neither weigh the evidence nor judge the credibility of the

witnesses. Our role is to determine whether there is relevant, competent, and credible

evidence upon which the fact finder could base his or her judgment. Dinger v. Dinger, 5th

Dist. Stark No. 2001 CA 00039, 2001-Ohio-1386, 2001 WL 1141268. The trial court is

“best able to view the witnesses and observe their demeanor, gestures, and voice

inflections, and use these observations in weighing the credibility of the proffered

testimony.” Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland, 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 461 N.E.2d 1273 (1984).

Deferential review in a child custody determination is especially crucial “where there may
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                    8


be much evidence by the parties' demeanor and attitude that does not translate to the

record well.” Davis v. Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 674 N.E.2d 1159 (1997).

                                             I., II., III.

       {¶39} Appellant’s first three assignments of error all challenge the trial court’s

factual findings. We shall therefore address said assignments together.

       {¶40} In assignments of error one, two and three, Appellant argues that the trial

court erred in finding that her testimony was not credible, and that there was a lack of

evidence as to her allegations of domestic violence and alcohol problems on the part of

Appellant. We disagree.

                                            Credibility

       {¶41} Appellant herein challenges the trial court’s finding “that the Mother’s

explanations as to why she had no choice but to move states away from the Father after

being served with his Complaint lacked credibility.” (Magistrate’s Dec. at 7).

       {¶42} Upon review, we find that Appellant, when questioned stated that her

reasons for moving were financial. (T. at 373). She explained that Appellee was the

“breadwinner” and that after the break-up she was having difficulty paying her bills. (T. at

105, 375).

       {¶43} Additionally, the Guardian ad Litem questioned statements or claims made

by Appellant such as a purported stay at a domestic violence shelter, medical issues

concerning the child and her Al-Anon sponsor. (T. at 392-407). Appellant either denied

making the statements or claimed there had been a miscommunication. (T. at 411). The

trial court found that many of these concerns could have been cleared up had Appellant
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                     9


signed a waiver permitting the GAL to speak with the counselor, the domestic violence

counsel or the Al-Anon counselor, but that she refused to do so. (T. at 411-412).

                                        Domestic Violence

       {¶44} Appellant contends that an incident occurred in the summer of 2017 wherein

Appellee allegedly blocked her vehicle by standing in front of it, and then the two of them

struggled over control of the car seat used to transport the child. (T. at 215-217, 357-358).

Appellant admitted that she did not call the police or anyone else for assistance. (T. at

221, 358-359, 361).

       {¶45} Appellee denied that he tried to forcibly take the car seat from Appellant,

but admitted that he stood in front of her vehicle in an attempt to stop her from leaving

with the child. (T. at 98).

       {¶46} The trial court found that there was conflicting evidence presented at the

hearing and no evidence of injuries or physical violence. (JE at 10).

                                          Alcohol Usage

       {¶47} Additionally, Appellant contends that the trial court erred in finding that

Appellee’s alcohol consumption negatively impacts the minor child. In support of her

contention, testimony was presented by two friends of Appellant who stated that they had

observed Appellant drinking alcohol at a Christmas party and at the child’s first birthday

party. (T. at 460, 446, 454). Appellant testified that she occasionally smelled alcohol on

Appellee’s breath. (T. at 212-213). Additionally, Appellant presented photographs

depicting two empty beer cans in the parties’ storage unit. (T. at 245, 247). Appellant

admitted that she did not believe Appellee had an alcohol problem while they were

together but became concerned after their break-up. (T. at 205, 343-344).
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                    10


       {¶48} Appellee testified that he is social drinker and does not have an alcohol

problem. (T. at 49, 89-93). He further denied ever drinking alone. (T. at 93). He stated

that he has never been charged with any alcohol-related offenses and has never had any

alcohol-related issues with his employment. (T. at 48).

       {¶49} As noted above, the trial court is “best able to view the witnesses and

observe their demeanor, gestures, and voice inflections, and use these observations in

weighing the credibility of the proffered testimony.” Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland, 10

Ohio St.3d 77, 461 N.E.2d 1273 (1984). The credibility of the witnesses and the weight

to be given their testimony is primarily for the trier of fact. State v. DeHass (1967), 10

Ohio St.2d 231, paragraph one of the syllabus. Our role is to determine whether there is

relevant, competent, and credible evidence upon which the fact finder could base his or

her judgment. Dinger v. Dinger, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2001 CA 00039, 2001-Ohio-1386,

2001 WL 1141268. Thus, we defer to the trial court's interpretation of the evidence as it

observed first-hand witnesses and their demeanor. Wright v. Wright, 5th Dist. Stark No.

2012CA00232, 2013-Ohio-4138, 2013 WL 5406795.

       {¶50} Here, the magistrate heard the testimony of Appellant, Appellee and GAL

with regard to Appellant’s allegations and found that there was not sufficient evidence to

support her claims. Upon review, we find that the record supports the trial court’s findings,

and we will not disturb said findings on appeal.

       {¶51} Appellant’s first, second and third assignments of error are overruled.

                                              V., VI.

       {¶52} In her fifth and sixth assignments of error, Appellant challenges the trial

court’s findings as to the testimony of the Guardian ad Litem.
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                  11


       {¶53} Sup.R. 48(D) sets forth the responsibilities for GALs, and provides, in

pertinent part:

              (1) A guardian ad litem shall represent the best interest of the child

       for whom the guardian is appointed. Representation of best interest may be

       inconsistent with the wishes of the child whose interest the guardian ad litem

       represents.

              (2) A guardian ad litem shall maintain independence, objectivity and

       fairness as well as the appearance of fairness in dealings with parties and

       professionals, both in and out of the courtroom and shall have no ex parte

       communications with the court regarding the merits of the case.

              ***

              (13) A guardian ad litem shall make reasonable efforts to become

       informed about the facts of the case and to contact all parties. In order to

       provide    the   court   with   relevant   information   and   an   informed

       recommendation as to the child's best interest, a guardian ad litem shall, at

       a minimum, do the following, unless impracticable or inadvisable because

       of the age of the child or the specific circumstances of a particular case:

              (a) Meet with and interview the child and observe the child with each

       parent, foster parent, guardian or physical custodian and conduct at least

       one interview with the child where none of these individuals is present;

              (b) Visit the child at his or her residence in accordance with any

       standards established by the court in which the guardian ad litem is

       appointed;
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                    12


             (c) Ascertain the wishes of the child;

             (d) Meet with and interview the parties, foster parents and other

      significant individuals who may have relevant knowledge regarding the

      issues of the case;

             (e) Review pleadings and other relevant court documents in the case

      in which the guardian ad litem is appointed;

             (f) Review criminal, civil, educational and administrative records

      pertaining to the child and, if appropriate, to the child's family or to other

      parties in the case;

             (g) Interview school personnel, medical and mental health providers,

      child protective services workers and relevant court personnel and obtain

      copies of relevant records;

             (h) Recommend that the court order psychological evaluations,

      mental health and/or substance abuse assessments, or other evaluations

      or tests of the parties as the guardian ad litem deems necessary or helpful

      to the court; and

             (i) Perform any other investigation necessary to make an informed

      recommendation regarding the best interest of the child.

      {¶54} Initially, Appellant argues the trial court erred in finding that she had unclean

hands to argue bias on the part of the GAL.

      {¶55} Upon review, we find no error in the trial court’s findings that Appellant failed

to raise any concerns about possible bias on the part of the GAL until after the Magistrate
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                     13


ruled in this matter, thereby denying the trier of fact the opportunity to address the issue

prior to hearing or a decision being rendered. State v. Peagler, 76 Ohio St.3d 496, 499.

       {¶56} Courts have recognized that the allegation of bias (or prejudice) in a

guardian ad litem is not accurate when it reflects the guardian ad litem fulfilling his or her

duty to his ward. See, e.g., MacFarlane v. MacFarlane, Eighth District, Cuyahoga App.

No. 86835, 2006-0hio-3155 at 137. This Court rejected an assignment of error that the

GAL was biased noting that Appellant raised no objections to the GAL's behavior until the

final recommendation. Globokar v. Globokar, 5th District, Stark App. No. 2009-CA-00138,

2010-0hio-1737.

       {¶57} Disagreement with the court's ultimate determination of custody does not

demonstrate bias, prejudice, or improper action on the part of the GAL. See King v. King,

9th Dist. Medina No. 12CA0060–M, 2013-Ohio-3070, 2013 WL 3534242, ¶ 9.

       {¶58} We further find no personal bias or prejudice on the part of the GAL based

on details of her own personal history she recounted during her testimony. If the views of

the guardian ad litem interfere with the performance of his or her duties or with the regular

conduct of proceedings, then error will occur. We do not find that to be the case here as

the guardian ad litem satisfied her duty pursuant to statute. We find nothing to show that

the GAL’s personal history affected the basic fairness, integrity, or public reputation of the

judicial process.

       {¶59} Secondly, Appellant challenges the trial court’s finding that the GAL

conducted a thorough investigation.

       {¶60} The trial court found that the GAL spoke with minor child and inspected the

home of the Appellee, (T. at 477-478). The GAL also spoke with Appellant for a number
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                   14


of hours by telephone since she was out of state. (T. at 478-482). She also spoke with

the parties’ former counselor, and attempted to speak with Appellant’s Al-Anon sponsor

and domestic violence counselor. (T. at 489, 535, 545). The GAL also spoke with the

father of Appellant’s older child and a former guardian in a different case involving

Appellant. (T. at 482-483, 536, 538-540). She also spoke with Appellant’s former

employer, her friend April Davis, her father as well as Appellee’s parents. (T. at 536, 529,

483, 484, 531-532). She spoke with the child’s pediatricians in Ohio and Washington and

the child’s counselors in Washington and Ohio. (T. at 491-492, 500, 505-509).

Additionally, she observed the parents interact with the minor child. (T. at 492-493, 543-

544, 551-552).

       {¶61} Further, Appellant failed to cooperate fully with the GAL by refusing to sign

waivers which would have allowed the GAL to interview additional witnesses in this

matter.

       {¶62} Additionally, while the GAL admitted on cross-examination that she failed

to contact two witnesses, Kellee Heldman and Deborah Kemper, whose names were

submitted to her by Appellant, both of these witnesses were present at the hearing and

presented testimony.

       {¶63} Based on the foregoing, we find no error in the trial court’s findings that the

GAL in this case conducted a thorough investigation.

       {¶64} Moreover, it is important to recognize that a trial court is not bound by the

recommendation of the guardian ad litem. In re M.Z., 9th Dist. Lorain No. 11CA010104,

2012–Ohio–3194, ¶ 35; In re Andrew B., 6th Dist. Lucas No. L01–1440, 2002–Ohio–

3977, at ¶ 64; Roberts v. McGrady, 9th Dist. Summit No. 16986, at *4 (May 10, 1995)
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                       15


(concluding that because a guardian ad litem's report is not dispositive, but merely

evidence for the court's consideration, any unfair bias was harmless error). The trial court

determines a guardian ad litem's credibility and the weight to be given to his/her report.

The trial judge, as trier of fact, was entitled to believe or disbelieve the guardian ad litem's

testimony and to consider it in the context of all the evidence before the court.

       {¶65} Appellant has failed to point to any portion of the trial court’s entry that

demonstrates that the trial judge erroneously relied on the testimony or the report of the

guardian ad litem. Nor does she point to any particular finding that is unreasonable or

otherwise unsupported by the evidence because of improper reliance on the testimony of

the guardian ad litem.

       {¶66} Appellant’s fifth and sixth assignments of error are overruled.

                                             IV. VII., VIII.

       {¶67} In her fourth, seventh and eight assignments of error, Appellant argues the

trial court erred in designating Appellee residential parent of the minor child.

       {¶68} Appellant submits the trial court abused its discretion by failing to base its

decision regarding the allocation of parental rights on the factors set forth in R.C.

3109.04(F)(1).

       {¶69} Where an allocation of parental rights and responsibilities is supported by a

“substantial amount of credible and competent evidence” the decision will not be

reversed. See, Davis v. Flickinger (1997), 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 418, quoting Bechtol v.

Bechtol (1990), 49 Ohio St.3d 21, syllabus. A trial court's judgment in custody matters

enjoys a presumption of correctness. Butler v. Butler (1995), 107 Ohio App.3d 633, 638.

Accordingly, a trial court has broad discretion when it decides the allocation of parental
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                   16


rights and responsibilities. Donovan v. Donovan (1996), 110 Ohio App.3d 615, 618. We

will not disturb the decision of the trial court on appeal if said decision is supported by

some competent, credible evidence. Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland (1984), 10 Ohio

St.3d 77, 80. Absent an abuse of discretion, an appellate court will not reverse the custody

award of the trial court. An appellate court should not substitute its judgment for that of

the trial court. Trickey v. Trickey (1952), 158 Ohio St. 9.

                                           Best Interest

       {¶70} R.C. §3109.04(B)(1) governs initial custody awards and provides, in

pertinent part, “when making the allocation of the parental rights and responsibilities for

the care of the children under this section in an original proceeding * * * the court shall

take into account that which would be in the best interest of the children.”

       {¶71} Because this action involved an original determination of custody of a child

of an unmarried mother, R.C. 3109.042 confers a default status on Appellant as the

residential parent until an order is issued by the trial court designating the residential

parent and legal guardian. Williams v. Tumblin, 5th Dist. Coshocton No. 2014CA0013,

2014–Ohio–4365. However, when making an initial custody determination of the child of

an unmarried mother, R.C. 3109.042 requires the court to treat each parent as standing

upon equal footing. Id. Under these circumstances, the trial court's custody determination

need only be based on the best interests of the child according to R.C. 3109.04(F). See

In re Cihon, 5th Dist. Guernsey No. 09 CA 00002, 2009–Ohio–5805.

       {¶72} R.C. §3109.04(F) sets forth the factors to consider in determining the best

interests of the children in allocating parental rights and responsibilities generally, and

specifically as regarding shared parenting:
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                   17


             (F)(1) In determining the best interest of a child pursuant to this

      section, whether on an original decree allocating parental rights and

      responsibilities for the care of children or a modification of a decree

      allocating those rights and responsibilities, the court shall consider all

      relevant factors, including, but not limited to:

             (a) The wishes of the child's parents regarding the child's care;

             (b) If the court has interviewed the child in chambers pursuant to

      division (B) of this section regarding the child's wishes and concerns as to

      the allocation of parental rights and responsibilities concerning the child, the

      wishes and concerns of the child, as expressed to the court;

             (c) The child's interaction and interrelationship with the child's

      parents, siblings, and any other person who may significantly affect the

      child's best interest;

             (d) The child's adjustment to the child's home, school, and

      community;

             (e) The mental and physical health of all persons involved in the

      situation;

             (f) The parent more likely to honor and facilitate court-approved

      parenting time rights or visitation and companionship rights;

             (g) Whether either parent has failed to make all child support

      payments, including all arrearages, that are required of that parent pursuant

      to a child support order under which that parent is an obligor;
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                18


             (h) Whether either parent or any member of the household of either

      parent previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to any criminal

      offense involving any act that resulted in a child being an abused child or a

      neglected child; whether either parent, in a case in which a child has been

      adjudicated an abused child or a neglected child, previously has been

      determined to be the perpetrator of the abusive or neglectful act that is the

      basis of an adjudication; whether either parent or any member of the

      household of either parent previously has been convicted of or pleaded

      guilty to a violation of section 2919.25 of the Revised Code or a sexually

      oriented offense involving a victim who at the time of the commission of the

      offense was a member of the family or household that is the subject of the

      current proceeding; whether either parent or any member of the household

      of either parent previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to any

      offense involving a victim who at the time of the commission of the offense

      was a member of the family or household that is the subject of the current

      proceeding and caused physical harm to the victim in the commission of the

      offense; and whether there is reason to believe that either parent has acted

      in a manner resulting in a child being an abused child or a neglected child;

             (i) Whether the residential parent or one of the parents subject to a

      shared parenting decree has continuously and willfully denied the other

      parent's right to parenting time in accordance with an order of the court;

             (j) Whether either parent has established a residence, or is planning

      to establish a residence, outside this state.
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                    19


       {¶73} Although Appellant provided contrary testimony to several of these factors,

we defer to the trial court's interpretation and weight of the evidence as it observed first-

hand witnesses and their demeanor. Wright v. Wright, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2012CA00232,

2013-Ohio-4138, 2013 WL 5406795.

       {¶74} Upon review, we find no abuse of discretion in the trial court's conclusion it

was in the best interest to name Appellee the residential parent and legal custodian. The

trial court found that the magistrate in her decision thoroughly analyzed the factors and

the findings were supported by the record.

                       Honor and Facilitate Visitation and Companionship

                   Encourage Loving Relationship Between Child and Parent

       {¶75} The magistrate found that while both parents “appear likely to honor and

facilitate visitation and companionship rights so long as the relevant orders are clear and

unambiguous”, she found “the Father is the parent most likely to encourage the sharing

of love and affection between the child and the other parent. (Magistrate’s Dec. at 5, 9).

       {¶76} The Magistrate herein based her decision on Appellant’s actions in moving

out of state and failing to disclose to Appellee where she was living, requiring Appellant

to hire a private investigator. The trial court also found that even before she moved away,

Appellant’s actions appeared to discourage contact between Appellee and the child. (T.

at 32-33, 51, 74; Aug. 23, 2019, JE at 16). The trial court further found that Appellant’s

actions resulted in Appellee having no contact with the child for approximately nine

months and that contact only occurred after temporary orders were issued. (T. at 39-40;

Aug. 23, 2019, JE at 16).
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                                20


       {¶77} Upon review, we find no abuse of discretion in the trial court's conclusion

that Appellee was the parent most likely to honor and facilitate visitation and

companionship and to encourage a loving relationship between the child and the other

parent. The trial court's decision thoroughly analyzed the factors, and the findings were

supported by the record.

       {¶78} Appellant's fourth, seventh and eighth assignments of error are overruled.

       {¶79} Accordingly, the judgment of the Licking County Domestic Relations Court,

Licking County, Ohio, is affirmed.


By: Wise, John, P. J.

Delaney, J., and

Wise, Earle, J., concur.



                                            ___________________________________
                                            HON. JOHN W. WISE


                                            ___________________________________
                                            HON. PATRICIA A. DELANEY


                                            ___________________________________
                                            HON. EARLE E. WISE, JR.

JWW/d 0417
Licking County, Case No. 2019 CA 00094                                          21


            IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR LICKING COUNTY, OHIO
                        FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT




CODY T. LEE                              :
                                         :
       Appellee                          :
                                         :
-vs-                                     :         JUDGMENT ENTRY
                                         :
LEAH MARIE LEILANI STARR                 :
                                         :
       Appellant                         :         Case No. 2019 CA 00094




       For the reasons stated in our accompanying Memorandum-Opinion, the judgment

of the Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, Licking County, Ohio, is

affirmed.

       Costs assessed to Appellant.




                                         ___________________________________
                                         HON. JOHN W. WISE


                                         ___________________________________
                                         HON. PATRICIA A. DELANEY


                                         ___________________________________
                                         HON. EARLE E. WISE, JR.
