                       NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
                         To be cited only in accordance with
                                 Fed. R. App. P. 32.1




           United States Court of Appeals
                             For the Seventh Circuit
                             Chicago, Illinois 60604

                             Submitted March 26, 2007*
                              Decided March 27, 2007

                                       Before

                     Hon. RICHARD A. POSNER, Circuit Judge

                     Hon. ILANA DIAMOND ROVNER, Circuit Judge

                     Hon. DIANE P. WOOD, Circuit Judge

No. 07-1194

PATRICK B. KOMESHAK, D.C.,                 Appeal from the United States District
d/b/a KOMESHAK CHIROPRACTIC                Court for the Southern District of Illinois
and THOMAS L. KALTENBRONN,
D.C., individually and on behalf of        No. 06 C 193
others similarly situated,
             Plaintiffs-Appellees,         David R. Herndon,
                                           Judge.
      v.

RISK ENTERPRISE
MANAGEMENT SERVICES, INC.,
         Defendant-Appellant.

                                      ORDER

      Chiropractors Patrick Komeshak and Thomas Kaltenbronn filed suit on
behalf of a putative class on February 14, 2005–four days before the effective date of
the Class Action Fairness Act of 2005, (“CAFA”), Pub. L. No. 109-2, 119 Stat. 4


      *
        After an examination of the briefs and the record, we have concluded that
oral argument is unnecessary. Thus, the appeal is submitted on the briefs and the
record. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
No. 07-1194                                                                     Page 2

(2005). They erroneously named Risk Enterprise Management Services, Inc. as
defendant in the complaint and erroneously listed Ronald Gage as agent for the
defendant. The actual name of the organization plaintiffs were attempting to sue is
Risk Enterprise Management Limited (“REML”) which has no affiliation with
Ronald Gage. (Ronald Gage is listed in the Illinois Secretary of State’s corporation
database website as the registered agent for REM Services, Inc., an unrelated
company that is dissolved.) The plaintiffs attempted to serve process on REML
through Ronald Gage seven times between March 9, 2005 and March 14, 2005, but
were unsuccessful each time because of their error.

       The plaintiffs took no further action until October 2005 when they attempted
to serve REML’s correct corporate agent–CT Corporation. But CT Corporation
twice refused service because the plaintiffs still listed the incorrect name for REML.
On December 28, 2005, the state court corrected the name on the docket sheet and
on February 7, 2006, the plaintiffs perfected service. REML removed the case to
federal court in March 2006, arguing that the December 28, 2005 amendment of the
defendant’s name commenced a new case for CAFA purposes. The plaintiffs filed a
motion to remand the case to state court arguing that the amendment relates back
to the original filing date and thus precedes CAFA’s February 18, 2005 effective
date. The district court agreed and remanded the case to state court. On January
23, 2007, we granted REML’s petition for permission to appeal.

       State procedural law determines whether substituting a party in a state case
commences a new case. See Phillips v. Ford Motor Co., 435 F.3d 785, 787 (7th Cir.
2006). In this case, the determination turns on whether the plaintiffs exercised
reasonable diligence to obtain service on REML. See 735 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/2-616(d);
Ill. Sup. Ct. R. 103(b). To determine whether a plaintiff has exercised reasonable
diligence, Illinois courts look to the length of the delay, the plaintiff’s activities,
whether the plaintiff is aware of the defendant’s location, whether the defendant’s
location could be easily ascertained, actual knowledge of the complaint on the part
of the defendant, special circumstances affecting the plaintiff’s efforts, and actual
service on the defendant. See Segal v. Sacco, 136 Ill. 2d 282, 287 (1990).

       We cannot agree with the district court’s determination that the plaintiffs
exercised reasonable diligence during the year that they attempted to serve REML.
After the plaintiffs failed to serve REML in March 2005, there is no record that they
made any attempt to discover REML’s correct information for seven months.
Indeed, when they did attempt to serve REML’s correct agent in October 2005, they
again attempted to serve process using the incorrect name for REML. Further, the
record demonstrates that the plaintiffs had access to REML’s correct name all along
in the form of checks they received as payment from REML. Any additional
information–including the agent’s name and address–was readily available at the
Illinois Secretary of State’s corporation database. Accordingly, the judgment of the
No. 07-1194                                                            Page 3

district court is REVERSED and the case is REMANDED with instructions to
DENY the plaintiffs’ motion to remand.
