J-A24021-15


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: A.M., A MINOR                  IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                         PENNSYLVANIA


APPEAL OF: DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN
SERVICES (DHS)
                                                        No. 544 EDA 2015


                Appeal from the Order Entered February 25, 2015
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
                 Family Court at Nos.: CP-51-DP-0002233-2014
                                        FID#51-FN-002054-2014


IN THE INTEREST OF: A.M., A MINOR                  IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                         PENNSYLVANIA


APPEAL OF: A.M.

                            Appellant                   No. 941 EDA 2015


                Appeal from the Order Entered February 25, 2015
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
                  Family Court at No.: CP-51-DP-0002233-2014

BEFORE: PANELLA, J., WECHT, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY WECHT, J.:                          FILED SEPTEMBER 15, 2015

       The Philadelphia Department of Human Services (“DHS”) and A.M.

(“Child”) (d.o.b. May 2012), through her guardian ad litem (“GAL”), appeal

the February 25, 2015 order.             That order dismissed DHS’ dependency

petition and returned Child to M.Y. (“Mother”). We affirm.

____________________________________________


*
       Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-A24021-15



     On September 23, 2014, DHS filed a petition to have Child found to be

a dependent child. On February 25, 2015, the trial court held an

adjudicatory hearing on the dependency petition.   The trial court provided

the following summary of the evidence developed at the hearing:

     [T]he assistant city solicitor, representing DHS, presented
     testimony from Sierra Rambert, a DHS intake worker. [The trial
     court] found Ms. Rambert to be a credible witness. Ms. Rambert
     testified that the Child’s case first became known to DHS
     following a report, in September 2014, alleging that [Aa.M.
     (“Father”)] was hitting Child for “pooping in her pamper.” On
     September 17, 2014, Ms. Rambert met with Father at a rooming
     house located [on] Webster Street to discuss these allegations.
     Father admitted to [spanking] Child on her bottom, as this was
     his method of potty training, but denied Ms. Rambert access into
     the home.

     Ms. Rambert testified that she instructed Mother to take her
     Child to the hospital to determine the origin of certain marks on
     the Child’s body.     On Saturday, September 18, 2014, Ms.
     Rambert met with Mother and Child at Children’s Hospital at
     which time Mother signed all necessary paperwork to have her
     Child examined and treated. After the Child was examined, an
     Order of Protective Custody was obtained based upon
     information from the hospital and the Child was placed in the
     care of DHS. Ms. Rambert spoke with Mother about her method
     in potty training her Child. Mother stated that she never hit her
     Child.

     Ms. Rambert testified that, while at the hospital, she viewed
     photographs of the Child which depicted a bruise under the
     Child’s right eye, a scratch on her arm and scratches and bruises
     on her buttocks. Mother believed that the scratches came from
     the family cat. She told Ms. Rambert that the Child often plays
     with the cat and that she had observed the cat scratch her Child.
     Mother acknowledged that she had to leave the Child in the care
     of Father when she had to work a double shift. As part of her
     investigation, Ms. Rambert conducted interviews with three other
     children under Mother’s care. None of these children indicated
     that Mother used physical discipline on them or upon the Child.
     Based upon her investigation, Ms. Rambert believed that Father

                                   -2-
J-A24021-15


     inflicted all of the injuries sustained by the Child. However, it is
     important to note that Ms. Rambert conceded that[,] despite
     viewing the photographs of the Child’s injuries, she was unable
     to conclude how the marks on the Child were caused without
     speaking to a doctor.

     At the adjudicatory hearing, the assistant city solicitor presented
     expert testimony from the Child’s treating physician, Dr.
     Samantha Schilling. [The trial court] found Dr. Schilling to be a
     credible witness. Dr. Schilling, a general pediatrician and also a
     child abuse pediatrician from the Children’s Hospital of
     Philadelphia, testified extensively regarding her qualifications.
     . . . Based upon the testimony of her extensive training . . . [the
     trial court] qualified Dr. Schilling as an expert in child abuse
     pediatrics.

     Dr. Schilling testified that she treated the Child at Children’s
     Hospital on September 18, 2014. Dr. Schilling recounted that
     the Child had some facial bruising and multiple lacerations at
     different stages of healing on her buttocks. Based upon her vast
     expertise, Dr. Schilling testified, within a reasonable degree of
     medical certainty, that the Child’s injuries were sustained at
     different times. Dr. Schilling noted that the injuries to the
     Child’s buttocks were not in a location where accidental injuries
     would be expected to be found. Dr. Schilling also described that
     her examination of the Child revealed patterned injuries which
     suggested that they were caused by some sort of object. Dr.
     Schilling noticed patterned bruising on both of the Child’s arms
     which led her to conclude, to a reasonable degree of medical
     certainty, that the Child had inflicted injuries.

     Dr. Schilling also offered evidence from the medical records from
     Children’s Hospital which indicated that the Child was cared for
     by Mother and maternal grandmother. The records reflected
     that Mother had first noticed the marks on the Child’s arms on
     Wednesday, September 17, 2014. A few weeks earlier, maternal
     grandmother had pointed out to Mother the marks on the Child’s
     bottom. The records from Children’s Hospital indicated that
     Mother suspected that these injuries were caused by the family
     cat. Dr. Schilling’s expert opinion was that the Child’s injuries
     were not caused by a cat. The hospital record also reflected that
     Mother believed that the bruising on the Child’s face was the
     result of Child falling asleep on a futon during which time the
     Child’s face was pressed upon a bar on the futon. Dr. Schilling
     testified that, although unlikely, it was not impossible for this to

                                    -3-
J-A24021-15


       occur. Finally, the hospital records indicated that the Child had
       recently been left in the care of her Father for 12-16 hours on
       September 13, 2014. At the time of the adjudicatory hearing,
       Father had been arrested[, and] was being held on charges
       related to allegations of child abuse against [] Child. [The trial
       court] accepted the expert opinion of Dr. Schilling that the Child
       had sustained non-accidental inflicted injuries.

       Regarding Mother, Dr. Schilling testified that[,] when she first
       saw Child and Mother, she noticed that she had a good rapport
       with her Child and appeared to be a loving Mother. Dr. Schilling
       noticed that the Child did not show any fear or reluctance to go
       with Mother. Finally, Dr. Schilling referred to the records from
       Children’s Hospital[,] which indicated that[,] at the time of the
       Child’s follow up visit, all of the injuries that Dr. Schilling had
       previously identified as inflicted injuries were healing.

       The key testimony at the adjudicatory hearing was elicited from
       Ms. Doris[1] Cassell. [The trial court] found Ms. Cassell to be a
       credible witness. Ms. Cassell testified that she used to reside in
       a rooming house at [] Webster Street, where Father used to live.
       She recalled Father staying there at times.             She also
       remembered seeing Father with Child at this home on a few
       occasions. Ms. Cassell became concerned for the Child’s welfare
       after hearing instances that led her to believe that Father was
       verbally and [physically] abusing [Child].       Specifically, Ms.
       Cassell heard Father yelling and hitting the Child accompanied
       by sounds of the Child crying. Ms. Cassell testified that[,] if the
       Child didn’t say certain words, Father would threaten and hit her.
       Ms. Cassell would hear loud whipping sounds and Father’s voice
       yelling crazy things. Ms. Cassell recounted that there were three
       times that she heard things that concerned her, two of these
       instances occurred in September 2014. The first time that Ms.
       Cassell heard noises that concerned her, she came out of her
       room and encountered Father at which time she asked to meet
       his daughter. Ms. Cassell spoke briefly with the Child, asking her
       what her name was. When the Child didn’t respond, Father
       started jumping at his Child. Ms. Cassell tried to diffuse the
____________________________________________


1
     Ms. Cassell’s first name is listed as “Dorkis” in other parts of the record
and Mother’s brief and “Dorcas” in the GAL’s and DHS’ briefs. It is unclear
which is correct.



                                           -4-
J-A24021-15


     situation by saying it was okay and leaving the room. Ms.
     Cassell testified that it was her intention to make a call about
     Father, but was scared to do so. Ms. Cassell described the
     Child’s demeanor as being quiet and scared. Ms. Cassell also
     stated that she observed a cut on the Child’s face.

     Ms. Cassell remembered that, after that first encounter, Father
     had been telling the Child to say a certain word and she wouldn’t
     respond. Father reacted by hitting the Child[,] who would then
     cry. This prompted Father to call Mother to ask why the Child
     wouldn’t speak and inquire as to what was wrong with her. Ms.
     Cassell was able to hear the conversation[,] which was on
     speakerphone. Ms. Cassell described Mother as sounding really
     sweet and motherly, attempting to ask the Child what was
     wrong.     The moment Mother hung up, Father’s demeanor
     changed drastically. He resumed yelling, threatening and hitting
     the Child, causing her to cry.

     Ms. Cassell testified that she recalled seeing the Child at the
     rooming house on two other occasions. On one such occasion,
     Mother was present. According to Ms. Cassell, when Mother was
     around[,] things were different. Ms. Cassell felt comfortable
     when Mother was present because she didn’t hear any
     concerning sounds coming from Father’s room.                When
     interviewed by the Special Victims Unit of the Philadelphia Police
     department, Ms. Cassell described Father as sort of a Jekyll and
     Hyde. Ms. Cassell explained that Father would act differently
     when Mother was present or could hear him.

     Finally, [the trial court] heard testimony from DHS worker, Nia
     Hardgrove. [The trial court] found Ms. Hardgrove to be a
     credible witness. Ms. Hardgrove testified that she was assigned
     to Child’s case in November 2014 at which time she reviewed
     the entire case file.      Ms. Hardgrove testified that she had
     supervised three visits between Mother and Child[,] all of which
     she reported to be appropriate. Additionally, Ms. Hardgrove
     testified that Mother’s home was appropriate. During these
     visits, Ms. Hardgrove did not observe anything that would
     prevent the Child from being reunified with Mother.          Ms.
     Hardgrove also made [the trial court] aware that there were
     three other children living in Mother’s home, none of whom were
     [sic] subject to any action by DHS.




                                   -5-
J-A24021-15



Trial Court Opinion (“T.C.O.”), 4/8/2015, at 2-8 (citations to record

omitted).

       During the hearing, the trial court determined that DHS had not met

its burden of proving that Mother committed child abuse by omission

because DHS had not established that Mother was aware of the abuse by

Father. Because Mother was able to care for Child, the trial court found that

Child was not dependent, dismissed DHS’ petition, and ordered Child to be

returned to Mother.

       On February 26, 2015, DHS filed a notice of appeal and a concise

statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P.

1925(a)(2)(i) and (b). On March 23, 2015, the GAL filed a notice of appeal

and a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal.2 On April 8,

2015, the trial court issued a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion.

       DHS raises four issues on appeal:

       1. Whether the trial court erred as a matter of law and abused
          its discretion where it determined that [Mother] was not a
          perpetrator of child abuse against [Child]?

       2. Whether the trial court erred as a matter of law and abused
          its discretion when it ordered that the Child was to be
          reunified with her Mother?

       3. Whether the trial court erred as a matter of law and abused
          its discretion when it determined that the Child did not meet
          the definition of a dependent child?


____________________________________________


2
       On April 15, 2105, we entered an order consolidating the appeals.



                                           -6-
J-A24021-15


      4. Whether the trial court erred as a matter of law and abused
         its discretion when it dismissed the Child’s dependency
         petition filed by DHS?

DHS’ Brief at 6.

      The GAL raises three issues for our review:

      1. Did the trial court err as a matter of law and abuse its
         discretion by finding that Mother was not a perpetrator of
         abuse of [Child] under the criteria set forth in 23 Pa.C.S.A.
         § 6303(b.1)(1) and (5), when uncontradicted evidence of
         record, including expert and fact testimony and documentary
         evidence, established that Mother’s recent failures to act
         caused bodily injury or a reasonable likelihood of bodily injury
         to [Child] when Mother placed [Child] in the care and custody
         of her Father, where [Child] suffered serious and obvious
         physical abuse; that Mother thereafter failed to take any
         action to address the abuse or prevent its recurrence; and
         that, even after [Child] was evaluated and treated by medical
         professionals and clear evidence of abuse was identified,
         Mother continued to deny that any abuse occurred?

      2. Did the trial court err as a matter of law and abuse its
         discretion by ordering that [Child] be returned to Mother, and
         by dismissing the dependency petition filed by [DHS], despite
         uncontradicted evidence of record, including expert and fact
         testimony and documentary evidence establishing the facts
         stated above, that showed that removal was necessary to
         prevent further injury to [Child]?

      3. Did the trial court err as a matter of law and abuse its
         discretion by finding that [Child] was not a dependent child,
         as defined by 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302, and by dismissing the
         dependency petition filed by [DHS], despite uncontradicted
         evidence establishing the facts stated above, that showed
         [Child] was without proper parental care or control as
         required by law or other care or control necessary for her
         physical, mental or emotional health?

GAL’s Brief at 4-5.




                                     -7-
J-A24021-15



      Because the GAL’s and DHS’ issues on appeal are similar, we address

them together.    Our standard of review for a dependency adjudication is

well-settled:

      [T]he standard of review in dependency cases requires an
      appellate court to accept the findings of fact and credibility
      determinations of the trial court if they are supported by the
      record, but does not require the appellate court to accept the
      lower court’s inferences or conclusions of law. Accordingly, we
      review for an abuse of discretion.

In re E.B., 83 A.3d 426, 430 (Pa. Super. 2013). Further, in our review, “[i]f

the trial court’s findings are supported by competent evidence, we must

affirm the court’s decision, even though the record could support an opposite

result.” In re Adoption of S.P., 47 A.3d 817, 822 (Pa. 2012).

      A dependent child is one who:

      (1) is without proper parental care or control, subsistence,
      education as required by law, or other care or control necessary
      for his physical, mental, or emotional health, or morals. A
      determination that there is a lack of proper parental care or
      control may be based upon evidence of conduct by the parent,
      guardian or other custodian that places the health, safety or
      welfare of the child at risk, including evidence of the parent’s,
      guardian’s or other custodian’s use of alcohol or a controlled
      substance that places the health, safety or welfare of the child at
      risk

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302. “A court is empowered . . . to make a finding that a

child is dependent if the child meets the statutory definition by clear and

convincing evidence.” In re M.L., 757 A.2d 849, 850 (Pa. 2000). Further:

      A finding of abuse may support an adjudication of dependency.
      When the court’s adjudication of dependency is premised upon
      physical abuse, its finding of abuse must be supported by clear

                                      -8-
J-A24021-15


      and convincing evidence. However, its findings as to the identity
      of the abusers need only be established by prima facie evidence
      that the abuse normally would not have occurred except by
      reason of acts or omissions of the caretakers (parents).

Matter of C.R.S., 696 A.2d 840, 843 (Pa. Super. 1997) (citations and

quotation marks omitted).

      In its petition, DHS alleged that Child was an abused child. However,

between the time that DHS filed its petition and when the trial court held the

adjudicatory hearing, the statutory definition of an abused child was

amended.    The GAL argues that the newer version of the statute should

apply to the circumstances of this case. GAL’s Brief at 22. Mother contends

that the older version must apply. Mother’s Brief at 10.

      We addressed a similar issue of the retroactive effect of an

amendment to the Juvenile Act in In re: R.T., 778 A.2d 670 (Pa. Super.

2001).   In that case, the Act was amended with regard to aggravated

circumstances between the filing of the dependency petition and the

adjudication. The agency filed an amended petition seeking such a finding

and the trial court found that aggravated circumstances existed. Id. at 676.

The parents raised the issue of the retroactive application in their appeal.

Regarding which version of the Act to apply, we stated:

      There is a clear mandate by the legislature against retroactive
      application of a statute. See 1 Pa.C.S.A. § 1926 (“No statute
      shall be construed to be retroactive unless clearly and manifestly
      so intended by the General Assembly.”). However, “[w]hile
      there is a presumption against retroactive application of statutes
      affecting substantive rights, a law is only retroactive in its
      application when it relates back and gives a previous transaction
      a legal effect different from that which it had under the law in

                                    -9-
J-A24021-15


     effect when it transpired.” McMahon v. McMahon, 612 A.2d
     1360, 1364 (Pa. Super. 1992).

        Where . . . no vested right or contractual obligation is
        involved, an act is not retroactively construed when
        applied to a condition existing on its effective date even
        though the condition results from events prior to that date
        . . . ‘[A] statute is not regarded as operating retroactively
        because of the mere fact that it relates to antecedent
        events, or draws upon antecedent facts for its operation.’

     Creighan v. City of Pittsburgh, 132 A.2d 867, 871 (Pa. 1957)
     (quoting 50 Am.Jur. Statutes, § 476). A “vested right” is one
     that “so completely and definitely belongs to a person that it
     cannot be impaired or taken away without the person’s consent.”
     Black’s Law Dictionary 1324 (7th ed. 1999).

     Clearly, Appellants’ right to parent their children is a vested
     right. If we were to consider the involuntary termination of
     Appellants’ rights to Brittany an aggravating circumstance, and
     thus permit the court to conclude that the Agency need not
     make reasonable efforts to return the [other] children home, it
     would effectively give “a previous transaction [i.e., the
     termination of Appellants’ parental rights to Brittany,] a legal
     effect different from that which it had under the law in effect
     when it transpired.” McMahon, supra at 1364. Prior to the
     enactment of the 1998 amendments, the involuntary termination
     of parental rights to one child had no direct application in a
     dependency proceeding for another. Therefore, we find that the
     trial court erred in considering the termination of Appellants’
     parental rights to Brittany an aggravating circumstance in the
     present case.

In re R.T., 778 A.2d 670, 679-80 (Pa. Super. 2001) (citations modified;

footnotes omitted).

     Here, there is nothing in the new legislation to indicate that the

General Assembly intended it to have retroactive effect.       See 2013 Pa.

Legis. Serv. Act 2013-108 (H.B. 726).       As in R.T., the present situation

clearly involves a vested right to parent one’s child. The question, then, is


                                   - 10 -
J-A24021-15



whether the change in definition would give a different legal effect to a prior

transaction.       The definition of abuse changed from requiring “serious

physical injury,” 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6303(b)(1), to requiring only “bodily injury,”

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6303(b.1.)(1). Serious bodily injury was defined as “[b]odily

injury which creates a substantial risk of death or which causes serious

permanent disfigurement or protracted loss or impairment of function of any

bodily member or organ.” 23 Pa.C.S.A.§ 6303(a). Bodily injury is defined

as “[i]mpairment of physical condition or substantial pain.” Id. Because the

threshold for an injury to constitute abuse substantially changed, the

amendment would give a different legal effect to actions that, pursuant to

the prior version, would not constitute abuse. Therefore, we must conclude

that the prior version should be applied to this case.3

       DHS’ petition charged that Mother committed abuse pursuant to 23

Pa.C.S.A. § 6303(b)(1), which stated, in pertinent part:

       (1)      The term ‘child abuse’ shall mean any of the following:

          (i)        Any recent act or failure to act by a perpetrator
                     which causes nonaccidental serious physical injury
                     to a child under 18 years of age.

                                               *   *   *

          (iii)      Any recent act, failure to act or series of such acts
                     or failures to act by a perpetrator which create an
                     imminent risk of serious physical injury to or
____________________________________________


3
      See also In re L.Z., 111 A.3d 1164, 1173 n.8 (Pa. 2015) (applying
prior definition of child abuse after change to statute, but not addressing
retroactivity).



                                          - 11 -
J-A24021-15


                  sexual abuse or sexual exploitation of a child
                  under 18 years of age.

23 Pa. C.S.A. § 6303(b)(1).     In the context of child abuse, we must also

consider the following:

      Evidence that a child has suffered child abuse of such a nature
      as would ordinarily not be sustained or exist except by reason of
      the acts or omissions of the parent or other person responsible
      for the welfare of the child shall be prima facie evidence of child
      abuse by the parent or other person responsible for the welfare
      of the child.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6381(a).

      DHS argues that the record does not support the trial court’s

conclusion that Mother was not a perpetrator of abuse by omission.

Essentially, DHS asserts that the excuses that Mother offered to explain

Child’s injuries, namely the family cat and the futon, were unreasonable

given the type of injuries sustained by Child. Additionally, DHS argues that

the injuries were visible and were inflicted at different times, as confirmed

by Dr. Schilling’s testimony.   Because Mother acknowledged observing the

injuries and because Mother could not have reasonably believed the injuries

were caused by anything other than abuse, DHS concludes Mother knew or

should have known that Father was physically abusing Child. DHS’ Brief at

25-28.




                                    - 12 -
J-A24021-15



       The GAL makes similar arguments as DHS, but also asserts that,

because Mother did not testify,4 the trial court could not assess Mother’s

credibility regarding her explanations for Child’s injuries.      The GAL also

asserts that it does not matter if Mother was present when Father abused

Child, because Mother was responsible, nonetheless, if she observed Child’s

injuries and did not take steps to protect Child from further abuse. GAL’s

Brief at 26-31.

       The trial court found that the evidence did not support a finding that

Child was at risk for serious bodily injury because there was no evidence

that Child endured substantial pain. T.C.O. at 11-12. The trial court cited

Child’s medical records that described Child’s injuries as “superficial” and

that the injuries did not require “suturing or surgical intervention.” Child did

not have any permanent injury or any impairment. Id. at 12.

       The trial court also found that Mother reasonably believed that the

injuries were accidental.        Id.    The trial court noted that, because Ms.

Rambert was unable to determine the cause of Child’s injuries, it would be

unreasonable to expect Mother to make that determination when an

experienced social worker could not. The trial court found that Mother had


____________________________________________


4
     Because the trial court found that DHS had not met its burden to
demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that Mother had perpetrated
abuse by omission at the close of DHS’ case, the trial court directed that
Mother did not need to put on a defense. Notes of Testimony (“N.T.”),
2/25/2015, at 134.



                                          - 13 -
J-A24021-15



no knowledge of Father’s abuse of Child.      Ms. Cassell admitted that she

never informed Mother of Father’s behavior and that Father acted differently

toward Child when Mother was present. Id. at 14.       Mother also took Child

for treatment immediately upon DHS’ request and she was cooperative with

DHS. Id. at 12, 14.

      Recently, our Supreme Court decided a case in which the mother was

found to have abused her child, either directly or by omission. In re L.Z.,

111 A.3d 1164 (Pa. 2015).     In that case, the twenty-one month old child

was brought to the hospital by the mother and aunt who both cared for the

child. The child suffered from “a deep cut nearly halfway around the base of

his penis,” a dark bruise on each of the child’s cheeks, severe diaper rash,

and a yeast infection.   Id. at 1167.   In addition, the child was dirty and

unkempt.    Although the mother and the aunt were the child’s primary

caregivers, the mother said that the child was in the aunt’s care for the two

days preceding the hospital visit. Id. The treating doctor determined that

the child’s penile injury was very uncommon, that the facial bruises were a

common abuse injury, that the diaper rash and yeast infection were caused

by the child being in urine for extended periods of time, and that the injuries

caused the child severe pain. The doctor opined that the mother’s and the

aunt’s explanations for the injuries were not credible and that the injuries

were “consistent with a pattern of suspected child abuse.” Id. at 1167-68.

      The trial court found that the child was dependent and that the mother

and aunt had committed child abuse, determining that, whether or not the

                                    - 14 -
J-A24021-15



mother inflicted the abuse, she failed to protect the child from the injuries.

Id. at 1169. On appeal, a majority of this Court, in a split en banc decision,

affirmed the trial court as to the dependency, but reversed the finding that

the mother was a perpetrator of abuse. Id. Holding that the penile injury

was the only non-accidental serious physical injury, this Court found the

record insufficient to demonstrate that the mother was present when that

injury occurred. Id. at 1170-71. However, the dissenting judges considered

the totality of the child’s injuries, and would have found that the mother was

responsible at least for failing to protect the child. Id. at 1171-72.

      Our Supreme Court held that the en banc majority erred in rejecting

the trial court’s factual determinations. Specifically, the Court noted that the

trial court had made a factual determination that the facial injuries would

have caused severe pain based upon the doctor’s testimony. Because the

trial court observed the doctor and could evaluate the tone and context of

the testimony, the L.Z. Court held that this Court erred in rejecting that

determination. Id. at 1174-75.

      The Court then proceeded to review the issue of the mother’s

responsibility for the abuse. In reviewing section 6381, the Court held that

the statute extends to acts and omissions and that omissions “encompasses

situations where the parent . . . is not present at the time of the injury but is

nonetheless responsible due to his or her failure to provide protection for the

child.”   Id. at 1184.    Because only prima facie evidence is required to

establish the perpetrator of the abuse:

                                     - 15 -
J-A24021-15


     [E]vidence that a child suffered injury that would not ordinarily
     be sustained but for the acts or omission of the parent . . . is
     sufficient to establish that the parent . . . perpetrated that
     abuse unless the parent . . . rebuts the presumption. The
     parent . . . may present evidence demonstrating that [he or she]
     did not inflict the abuse, potentially by testifying that they gave
     responsibility for the child to another person about whom [he or
     she] had no reason to fear or perhaps that the injuries were
     accidental rather than abusive.

Id. at 1185.     Holding that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in

finding the mother’s explanations to be incredible and giving credit to the

doctor’s testimony about the severity of the child’s injuries, the Supreme

Court reversed this Court’s decision and reinstated the trial court’s order.

Id. at 1186.

     Applying L.Z., we first note that we must defer to the trial court’s

factual determinations.    Based upon the testimony of Ms. Rambert, Dr.

Schilling, and Ms. Cassell, the record provides support for the trial court’s

conclusion that Mother believed that Child’s injuries were accidental.     Ms.

Rambert testified that she was unsure what caused the injuries without

medical input.    Dr. Schilling testified that the facial bruise possibly could

have occurred from an accidental source.         The testimony that Mother

believed that the scratches came from the family cat supported the

conclusion that Mother had no reason to suspect that Child was being

abused by Father. Ms. Cassell testified that Father acted differently around

Mother, that Mother was caring with Child, and that Ms. Cassell did not

inform Mother about Father’s abuse.



                                     - 16 -
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      The injuries at issue in this case, scratches and bruises, are generally

less severe than those where there has been abuse by omission.            For

example, in L.Z., in addition to the dark facial bruises, the child suffered a

deep penile laceration, severe diaper rash, and an untreated yeast infection.

Id. at 1167. In another case, a child suffered multiple bone fractures. See

In re A.H., 763 A.2d 873, 875-76 (Pa. Super. 2000) (holding that the

mother either committed the abuse or was responsible for failing to protect

the child from her boyfriend).      When one child sustained eighteen rib

fractures and twelve fractures to her arms and legs and another child

sustained seventeen rib fractures, we affirmed a finding of abuse by

omission when the mother did not stop the father from committing this

abuse. See In re A.K., 906 A.2d 596, 598 (Pa. Super. 2006).

      Here, Dr. Schilling described the injuries as “some facial bruising,”

“multiple lacerations of different stages of healing on her buttocks,” “some

bruising on the back of her right thigh,” and “some linear abrasions [on her

arms].” Notes of Testimony (“N.T.”), 2/25/2015, at 18, 19, 21, 22. In the

medical record, the lacerations were described as “superficial.”   Id. at 64.

Dr. Schilling acknowledged that the injuries would have caused pain, but did

not opine as to the severity of that pain. Child did not suffer any long-term

impairment. Id. at 27. There were no injuries to Child’s head, bones, or

abdominal organs. Id. at 28. The only treatment that Child received was

antibacterial ointment and Tylenol. Id. at 34. Ms. Rambert described the

injuries as “scratches” and “bruises.” Id. at 87.

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      Based upon all this evidence, the trial court had sufficient support in

the record to conclude that these injuries were of the type that Mother could

reasonably believe were caused by accidents. The record supports the trial

court’s   conclusion   that    there   was   sufficient   evidence   to   rebut   the

presumption that Mother committed abuse by omission.             See L.Z., supra.

Because there is that support, even though the record could also sustain an

opposite finding, we must affirm. See In re Adoption of S.P., supra.

      DHS and the GAL next argue that the trial court erred in failing to find

Child to be dependent.        DHS’ Brief at 28-32; GAL’s Brief at 32-34.          DHS

argues that Mother did not protect Child, which caused Child to be without

proper parental care and control.        The GAL asserts that, after the visit to

Children’s Hospital, and as late as November 2014, Mother did not believe

that Father had abused Child.          The GAL argues that, if Mother does not

believe abuse occurred, Mother would be unwilling to protect Child from

future abuse by Father.

      Ms. Hardgrove testified that Mother said that “she didn’t believe that

[Father] actually did it.” N.T. at 147. However, Ms. Hardgrove also testified

that there was no reason that Child could not be returned to Mother. Id. at

146. Thus, there were reasons in the record, in addition to the finding that

Mother had not perpetrated abuse, to support the trial court’s decision to

find Child not to be dependent. Even though there was support in the record

for the opposite result, we must affirm when the record supports the trial

court. See In re Adoption of S.P., supra.

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      Additionally, at the time of the dependency hearing, Father was in jail,

and the court entered a stay away order on behalf of Child against Father.

Id. at 147. Therefore, the trial court was assured that Father would have no

access to Child, regardless of Mother’s beliefs.    We acknowledge that this

was a close case, but the trial court was in the best position to weigh the

evidence. We afford great deference to the weight that the trial court puts

on that evidence and the record here simply does not support a conclusion

that the trial court abused that discretion.

      DHS also contends that the trial court erred in returning Child to

Mother and dismissing its dependency petition. DHS’ Brief at 32-38. Having

determined that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by not finding

Child to be dependent, we must also conclude that the trial court did not

abuse its discretion in returning Child to Mother and dismissing the petition.

Because Child was not a dependent child, there was no basis upon which the

trial court could sustain the petition or order Child out of Mother’s custody.

      Finally, Mother filed an “Emergency Motion to Remand Jurisdiction of

the Automatic Supersedeas to the Trial Court” on August 17, 2015.            On

February 27, 2015, we granted supersedeas after a motion by DHS.                 In

Mother’s motion, she seeks remand of jurisdiction to the trial court to

address the supersedeas.      The trial court devoted a large portion of its

opinion to this issue.    T.C.O. at 15-21.     We express no opinion on the

application of supersedeas to this case. However, Mother seeks the

relinquishment of our jurisdiction over the supersedeas.      By disposition of

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this appeal, we relinquish jurisdiction of the entire case. Therefore, we deny

Mother’s motion as moot.

     Order affirmed. Motion denied as moot.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 9/15/2015




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