Filed 11/5/13 The City of Riverside v. Horspool CA4/2



                      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
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             IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                   FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                 DIVISION TWO

THE CITY OF RIVERSIDE,                                                   E051500
     Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.                                                                       (Super.Ct.No. RIC10011477)
WILLIAM HORSPOOL,
     Defendant and Appellant.                                            OPINION


THE CITY OF RIVERSIDE,                                                   E053605
     Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
WILLIAM F. HORSPOOL et al.,
     Defendants and Appellants;

KEVIN RANDOLPH as Receiver etc.,
     Movant and Respondent.


         APPEAL from the Superior Court of Riverside County. Gloria Trask and Richard

J. Oberholzer, Judges.1 Affirmed.

         Robinson-Legal and Raymond G. Robinson for Defendants and Appellants.

         Gregory P. Priamos, City Attorney, and Brandon S. Mercer, Deputy City

Attorney, for Plaintiff and Respondent.

         1
         Judge Oberholzer is a retired judge of the Kern Superior Court assigned by the
Chief Justice pursuant to article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.

                                                             1
       Gresham Savage Nolan & Tilden, Nicholas Firetag and Marlene Allen-

Hammerarlund for Movant and Respondent.

       The City of Riverside (City) filed a nuisance abatement action as to property

owned by William and Kelly Horspool, and sought the appointment of a receiver

pursuant to Health and Safety Code section 17980 et seq. Defendant William Horspool

(William)2 appealed from the order appointing the receiver in case No. E051500,3 but

failed to obtain an undertaking on appeal. Kevin Randolph, in his capacity of receiver,

obtained an order permitting the sale of the property to a party who rehabilitated the

property after defendants frustrated his efforts to do so. A notice of appeal on behalf of

both Horspools was filed in case No. E053605, from the order permitting the sale of the

property and an order awarding the receiver extraordinary costs and fees. J.P. Morgan

Chase Bank, the holder of the mortgage on the property, did not appeal.

       On appeal, William raises 12 issues challenging the adequacy of the prelitigation

notice of the proposed receivership, the appointment of the receiver, the propriety of the

order for posting bond to challenge the appointment of the receiver, the entry of the

defaults of both Horspools, the orders precluding them from opposing the receiver’s

ex parte application to sell and the order permitting the sale of the property, error in

allowing the receiver to sell the property for less than its fair market value, error in

       2 Because they have the same last name, we refer to William and Kelly by their
first names for clarity, without disrespect.

       3 Kelly Horspool was dismissed from the appeal in case No. E051500 on
November 17, 2010, because she was not named as an appellant on the notice of appeal,
and did not separately appeal.

                                               2
precluding them from opposing the loan stripping effect of the sale of the property, error

in awarding the receiver $114,000 in fees and costs, and error in allowing the receiver to

conduct a private sale of the property. We affirm.

                                    BACKGROUND4

       On December 10, 2008, the City of Riverside received a complaint regarding a

vacant house on Mt. Vernon Avenue. A code enforcement officer conducted an aerial

inspection of the property and observed a dilapidated roof. The following day, the officer

inspected the property from a public right of way and observed the landscape and house

were in a condition of dilapidation and disrepair ranging from landscape maintenance

issues, including structural maintenance issues, and fire hazards caused by overgrown

and dried weeds, as well as accumulated dead leaves. The officer posted a notice of

violation instructing defendants William and Kelly Horspool to remediate specified

issues before December 30, 2008.

       On December 30, 2008, the code enforcement officer reinspected the property and

       4 We provide a detailed history because it is relevant to the receiver’s costs claim.
William’s rendition of the background history of the case is replete with argument and is
lacking in accurate material facts, presenting only information favorable to his position.
An opening brief is not an appropriate vehicle for an attorney to “‘vent his spleen’” after
losing. (Pierotti v. Torian (2000) 81 Cal.App.4th 17, 32.) An appellant has a duty to
summarize the facts fairly in light of the judgment. (Ajaxo Inc. v. E*Trade Group Inc.
(2005) 135 Cal.App.4th 21, 50.) The appellant’s brief must set forth all of the material
evidence bearing on the issue, not merely the evidence favorable to appellant. (Foreman
& Clark Corp. v. Fallon (1971) 3 Cal.3d 875, 881; see also Weinstock v. Weinstock
(1962) 206 Cal.App.2d 683, 686.) Here, an inordinate amount of time was spent
attempting to determine what actually happened in the trial court, due to William’s failure
to include a proper rendition of the facts. (See Evans v. Centerstone Development Co.
(2005) 134 Cal.App.4th 151, 166 [a court may award sanctions for a party’s unreasonable
violations of the rules of appellate procedure].)

                                             3
observed no changes or improvements. On January 8, 2009, an administrative civil

penalties notice and order (ACPNO) was issued for violations of sections 6.14.020(b),

6.14.030, 6.15.020(b), (c), and 6.11.040 of the Riverside Municipal Code. Notice of the

ACPNO was sent by mail to the property owners and interested parties on January 8,

2009.5 William Horspool was personally served with the ACPNO on January 10, 2009.

On February 18, 2009, the officer reinspected the property and observed the violations

had not been corrected.

       On March 5, 2009, a notice of the administrative civil penalties hearing was sent

to the property owners and interested parties, seeking an order assessing administrative

costs incurred. The notice was served by certified mail to William and Kelly Horspool,

as well as the banks having a security interest in the property. An attorney for defendants

William and Kelly Horspool appeared at the hearing for defendants. After the hearing, an

administrative order was issued assessing daily civil penalties against the defendants.

       On June 11, 2009, the Horspools filed for chapter 13 bankruptcy (it was converted

to a chapter 7 bankruptcy on 6-29-09, case No. 6:09-bk-22815-PC) and obtained a stay,

preventing the City from moving forward with the receivership. On April 1 and

September 29, 2009, the code enforcement officer reinspected the property once per

month, but no changes or improvements were observed.

       On October 2, 2009, another notice of hearing was served by certified mail on

       5 The declaration of the code enforcement officer states the notice was sent on
January 9, 2010, but the actual notice was dated January 8, 2009. We assume the date in
the declaration is a typographical error and that the date on the actual notice is the correct
date.

                                              4
defendants regarding a new ACPNO. On November 6, 2009, an administrative hearing

order was issued assessing daily civil penalties in the amount of $500 a day.

Additionally, the property was determined to be a public nuisance.

       On April 20, 2010, the City obtained relief from the automatic stay. On June 9,

2010, the City filed a complaint for nuisance abatement and an injunction, and a petition

for appointment of a receiver, pursuant to Health and Safety Code section 17980.7.

Proofs of service show the complaint was personally served on William. After three

successive attempts to serve Kelly Horspool (Kelly) on different dates, substitute service

was effected by leaving the summons and complaint with William, followed by mailing a

copy of the summons and complaint to Kelly at her address.

       On July 30, 2010, a hearing on the City’s motion to appoint a receiver was held.

William personally appeared at the hearing (in pro. per.) to request additional time to

respond to the complaint. He represented to the court that he was in the process of

refurbishing the property, although the City provided photographs taken the day before

the hearing, which showed no improvements had been undertaken. The court agreed to

postpone the hearing until August 2, 2010, on the condition William provide pictures

showing significant improvement.

       On August 2, 2010, the court held a hearing on the City’s motion for appointment

of a receiver. William appeared with counsel and made a general appearance. William’s

counsel informed the court William could not do anything to the property due to the fact

he had filed for bankruptcy. The City demonstrated it had obtained an order exempting

these proceedings from the automatic stay by the bankruptcy court. The court granted the

                                             5
City’s motion and appointed Kevin Randolph as receiver.

       On August 3, 2010, a notice of appeal was filed by William Horspool. On August

6, 2010, William filed an ex parte motion for an order fixing the amount of the appeal

bond or dispensing with the bond pending appeal. On August 13, 2010, the court ordered

an appeal bond in the amount of $80,000 to be posted within 10 days. No bond or

undertaking on appeal was posted.

       On the same day William filed his first appeal, he also filed a notice of related

case, Horspool et al. v. City of Riverside. Another action, apparently seeking an

injunction against the City to prevent it from proceeding with the receivership, was also

filed in superior court under case No. INC080588. The trial court in the injunction action

recognized that the action was in response to the appointment of the receiver in the

instant action by another judge and refused to grant a temporary restraining order on

August 24, 2010, informing William that the pending appeal was the appropriate remedy.

       On August 20, 2010, the receiver submitted his initial inventory of property and

initial report. The report indicated that William had refused to allow access to the

property, under the belief that the appeal automatically stayed the receivership. Although

William had represented he lived on the property, there was no evidence of human

occupancy: the kitchen was gutted, asbestos debris was piled on the floor, there was

mold on the walls of the den/patio, exposed wiring, no functioning bathroom due to lack

of toilets, sinks or bathtubs, and there were no beds in the bedrooms.

       On August 23, 2010, the clerk entered the defaults of both William and Kelly

Horspool. On August 28, 2010, the Horspools filed a second chapter 13 bankruptcy

                                             6
petition (case No. 6:10-bk-37614-MJ), obtaining a stay of all proceedings. On September

17, 2010, the bankruptcy court granted relief to the City, and issued an order declaring

the automatic stay is not in effect as to the City’s nuisance actions “pursuant to 11 U.S.C.

§ 362(b)(4).” Because the motion for relief did not specifically address the receiver’s

authority to proceed with the receivership, the City sought a more specific order (its third

application for relief) from the bankruptcy court, which granted the relief on October 8,

2010, and made the relief binding on any future bankruptcy.

       On October 18, 2010, a motion to set aside default was filed as to both Horspools

along with a motion to quash the complaint as to Kelly. The motion was not immediately

heard because on November 19, 2010, defendants filed an ex parte application in the

bankruptcy court to reopen their chapter 7 bankruptcy in case No. 6:09-bk-22815-CB,

requiring the City to file a fourth motion for relief from the automatic stay on December

16, 2010. On December 22, 2010, the bankruptcy court issued an order confirming that

the City’s action to enforce code violations was exempt from the automatic stay.

       On January 7, 2011, the receiver filed an ex parte application for an order

approving the receiver’s proposed rehabilitation plan, outlining the steps to be taken to

bring the property up to code. On January 14, 2011, the Horspools filed a notice of

removal of the receivership action to the bankruptcy court, but the bankruptcy court

remanded the matter to the superior court on March 3, 2011, because the matter was not a

removable claim.

       On April 6, 2011, the receiver filed an ex parte application for an order approving

the sale of the property. The application was made on the ground that the Horspool’s

                                             7
actions had made it impossible for the receiver to obtain financing to pay for the

rehabilitation of the property. Further, the multiple bankruptcy filings prevented the

receiver from filing the motion earlier and required the City to seek four separate

applications for relief from the bankruptcy stays.

       The delays resulted in further deterioration and vandalism of the property,

increasing the expense of rehabilitation. The estimated cost of rehabilitation ranged from

$123,550 to $131,650, but the property was appraised, “as is,” at a value of only

$117,000. Thus, an as-is sale to an investor-buyer with the personal resources and

willingness to complete repairs was the best option. The receiver had identified a buyer

who was willing to purchase the Mt. Vernon property, “as is,” for $75,000, and to fund

the cost of repairs, under the oversight of the receiver.

       William opposed the proposed sale of the property on the ground his due process

rights had been violated due to failure to serve the ex parte application on him.6 On April

28, 2011, the court granted his motion to set aside the default. However, because

William’s counsel had substituted in as attorney for William only, he was deemed to lack

standing to make the motion on Kelly’s behalf. The court made no ruling as to Kelly.

       The following day, the court granted the receiver’s motion for an order approving

the sale of the Mt. Vernon property “as is,” free and clear of all liens and encumbrances.

On May 9, 2011, William filed a motion for reconsideration of the order approving the

sale of the property. Before that motion could be heard, William filed a notice of appeal


       6   At that time, William’s default had not been set aside.

                                              8
in case No. E053605, from the order approving the sale, purportedly on behalf of both

defendants, William and Kelly Horspool. The motion to reconsider could not be heard

because the filing of the appeal deprived the trial court of jurisdiction.

       On June 21, 2011, the receiver filed a motion for approval of fees, as well as

attorney fees and costs. Escrow closed on the sale of the Mt. Vernon property on June

30, 2011.

       Following the filing of a substitution of attorney on behalf of Kelly on May 6,

2011, the court set a hearing date to consider Kelly’s motion to set aside the default. On

June 6, 2011, Kelly’s motion to set aside the default was denied. Kelly made a motion to

reconsider the order denying her motion to set aside the default, but that motion was

denied on July 26, 2011. On that same date, the court granted the receiver’s motion for

approval of fees, attorney fees, and costs. On August 23, 2011, defendants (both) filed a

notice of appeal from the rulings of July 26, 2011.7

                                       DISCUSSION

1.     Standing Issues

       William Horspool purports to appeal on behalf of J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, but

cites no authority in support of his assertion of standing. He also argues issues other than

the denial of the motion to set aside default on behalf of his wife, Kelly Horspool,


       7  Before filing the notice of appeal, William filed a notice of pendency of action
(lis pendens). Consequently, the receiver had to file a request for instructions from the
court, later deemed a motion to expunge the lis pendens, which was subsequently
granted.


                                              9
notwithstanding the fact her default was never vacated and counsel did not appear on her

behalf in the trial court. In his reply brief, he argues for the first time that the bankruptcy

trustee was an indispensable party who was deprived of notice.8

       William has standing to appeal on his own behalf as an aggrieved party, but he

lacks standing to appeal from any portion of the judgment affecting J.P. Morgan Chase

Bank, the bankruptcy trustee, or Kelly Horspool. (9 Witkin, Cal. Procedure (5th ed. 2008)

Appeal, § 329, pp. 376-377; Garrison v. Board of Directors (1995) 36 Cal.App.4th 1670,

1679 (dis. opn. of Yegan, J.) [an appellant cannot urge error that affects only another party

who does not appeal], citing In re Vanessa Z. (1994) 23 Cal.App.4th 258, 261; Rebney v.

Wells Fargo Bank (1990) 220 Cal.App.3d 1117, 1128.) Where only one of several parties

appeals from a judgment, the appeal includes only that portion of the judgment adverse to

the appealing party’s interest, and the judgment is considered final as to the nonappealing

parties. (Estate of McDill (1975) 14 Cal.3d 831, 840; Warren v. Merrill (2006) 143

Cal.App.4th 96, 108.)

       The general rule is subject to an important exception: Where the part of the

judgment appealed from is so interwoven and connected with the remainder that the

appeal from a part of it involves consideration of the whole, such that if a reversal is

ordered, it should extend to the entire judgment. (Carson Citizens for Reform v.


       8 We are not required to address issues raised for the first time in a reply brief.
(9 Witkin, Cal. Procedure (5th ed. 2008) Appeal, § 722, pp. 789-790; Campos v.
Anderson (1997) 57 Cal.App.4th 784, 794, fn.3; Scott v. CIBA Vision Corp. (1995) 38
Cal.App.4th 307, 322.) The reply brief raises a number of issues pertaining to the
bankruptcy, but none are cognizable here.

                                              10
Kawagoe (2009) 178 Cal.App.4th 357, 371, citing Estate of McDill, supra, 14 Cal.3d at

p. 840.) William’s interests might be deemed interwoven with those of his wife, Kelly,

as to the orders appointing the receiver and approving the sale of the residence.

Unfortunately, the appeal from the appointment of the receiver names William only.

Kelly defaulted and, absent a judgment by default, an order denying a motion to set aside

a clerk’s entry of default is nonappealable. (First American Title Co. v. Mirzaian (2003)

108 Cal.App.4th 956, 960.)

       William’s interests are not so interwoven with J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, whose

interest in the property is the security for a defaulted loan, or the bankruptcy trustee as to

grant him standing to appeal on their behalf. Because William has not provided any

authority to support his standing, we do not reach any claims that the bank or the

bankruptcy trustee might have asserted. We will separately address any claim Kelly may

have brought.

2.     All Notice and Due Process Issues Relating to the Manner of Service of Process

on William Were Forfeited by William’s General Appearance

       Without any citation of authority, in arguments 1, 2, 3, and 4, William challenges

the court’s in personam jurisdiction over himself (and his wife) due to defective service

of (a) the code violations, (b) the prelitigation notice, and (c) the complaint for the

appointment of the receiver.9 He complains, in part, that he was personally served by a



       9An appellate court is not required to examine undeveloped claims or to make
arguments for the parties. (Arce v. Childrens Hospital Los Angeles (2012) 211
                                                                   [footnote continued on next page]

                                              11
nonregistered process server and, in part, because his wife was served by substitute

service. None of his complaints have merit.

        William made a general appearance in the proceedings in the trial court. Where a

person makes a general appearance, such appearance operates as a consent to jurisdiction

of his person. (Harrington v. Superior Court (1924) 194 Cal. 185, 189; Dial 800 v.

Fesbinder (2004) 118 Cal.App.4th 32, 52.) A general appearance occurs when a

defendant takes part in the action or in some manner recognizes the authority of the court

to proceed. (Dial 800 v. Fesbinder, at p. 52; see also In re Vanessa Q. (2010) 187

Cal.App.4th 128, 135.) A request for a continuance constitutes a general appearance

because the relief could only be requested on a theory that a defendant was submitting to

general jurisdiction of the court. (Knoff v. City etc. of San Francisco (1969)

1 Cal.App.3d 184, 201, citing Zobel v. Zobel (1907) 151 Cal. 98, 100-102.)

         William appeared (in pro. per) at the initial hearing on the City’s motion for

appointment of a receiver, where he requested a continuance to answer the complaint. He

made a general appearance and cannot now complain.

        William argues at length about the manner of service by an unregistered process

server, although he never made a motion to quash service in the trial court, and Kelly’s

motion is not before us because it was heard after the second notice of appeal was filed.

There is no requirement that the person serving notices or a summons must be a



[footnote continued from previous page]
Cal.App.4th 1455, 1491, citing Paterno v. State of California (1999) 74 Cal.App.4th 68,
106.) Nevertheless, we have discretion to reach the points.

                                              12
registered process server and William cites no authority so holding. A summons may be

served by any person who is at least 18 years of age and not a party to the action. (Code

Civ. Proc., § 414.10.) A notice or other paper may be served by mail, express mail,

facsimile transmission, or electronically. (Code Civ. Proc., § 1013.) A notice of code

violations pursuant to Health and Safety Code section 17980.6 may be provided by both

posting a copy of the order or notice to repair or abate in a conspicuous place on the

property and by first class mail.

       Although William denies being served with or receiving notice, a review of the

entire record shows otherwise. William relies upon Evidence Code section 647 providing

that service by a registered process server raises a presumption that service was proper.

This does not mean that other forms of service or notice are invalid. The City served the

notice of the pending proceedings in person and by mail as provided by statute. (Code

Civ. Proc., §§ 414.10, 1013.) William and Kelly Horspool were both properly served

with all notices.

       Additionally, none of the issues relating to notice or due process were preserved

for review by a timely motion to quash service prior to making a general appearance.

(Code Civ. Proc., § 410.50; Zaragoza v. Superior Court (1996) 49 Cal.App.4th 720, 725.)

Failure to make a motion to quash constitutes a waiver of the issues of lack of personal

jurisdiction, inadequacy of process, inadequacy of service of process, inconvenient

forum, and delay in prosecution. (Code Civ. Proc., § 418.10, subd. (e)(3); Factor Health

Management v. Superior Court (2005) 132 Cal.App.4th 246, 251-252 [defendant not

permitted to take action that constitutes a general appearance and then negate the effect of

                                            13
that action by a subsequent motion to quash].) None of the issues relating to defective

notices or service of process (issues 1-4) are cognizable on appeal.

       Finally, William’s failure to make a proper challenge to jurisdiction in the trial

court (as by a motion to quash service prior to any general appearance) forfeits any such

challenge on appeal. (Mundy v. Lenc (2012) 203 Cal.App.4th 1401, 1406 [failure to raise

a point in the trial court constitutes a waiver and appellant is estopped to raise that

objection on appeal].)

3.     Kelly Horspool Cannot Appeal

       Kelly Horspool was duly served by leaving a copy of the summons and complaint

with her husband, William, at the address they used in all their correspondence and

litigation, and was subsequently served by mail on July 6, 2010. On August 23, 2010,

her default was entered. On October 18, 2010, counsel for William filed a motion to

vacate the judgment (which William had appealed) and to quash the complaint as to

Kelly. However, because counsel had substituted in as attorney for William only, the

relief from default was granted only as to William.

       On May 26, 2011, Kelly filed a supplemental motion to set aside her default, but

on June 6, 2011, the court denied the motion without prejudice. Kelly subsequently

sought reconsideration of the denial, but that request was denied as well. No default

judgment was entered prior to the institution of these appeals.

       On appeal, defendants (issue 5, which purports to be on behalf of both) claim that

the court erred by entering their defaults. Defendants cite no legal authority in support of

the argument that the orders were void, which renders the issues forfeited. Because

                                              14
William’s default was set aside, the issue is moot as to him because he is no longer

aggrieved by the entry of the default.

       As to Kelly, the entry of the default terminates her rights to take any further

affirmative steps in the litigation until either the default is set aside or a default judgment

is entered. (Garcia v. Politis (2011) 192 Cal.App.4th 1474, 1479, citing Devlin v. Kearny

Mesa AMC/Jeep/Renault, Inc. (1984) 155 Cal.App.3d 381, 385.) No judgment by default

has been entered to date, so Kelly is barred from appealing the denial of her motion to set

aside the default. The denial of such a motion is not appealable. (First American Title

Co. v. Mirzaian, supra, 108 Cal.App.4th at p. 961.)

4.     Issues Relating to the Appointment of a Receiver Are Moot

       In issues 6 and 7, William argues that the appointment of the receiver was error,

and he challenges the court’s act of proceeding with the receiver’s motion for authority to

sell the property after the notice of appeal had been filed. He acknowledges that he failed

to file an appeal bond, a prerequisite to a stay of pending proceedings on appeal, and

argues, without authority, that he was not required to post a bond. We note from the

record that escrow closed on the subsequent sale of the property on June 30, 2011.

       It is true that William was not “required to post a bond” to the extent that the court

could not force him to obtain an undertaking against his will. However, the posting of a

bond is necessary to stay the proceedings in the trial court. (Code Civ. Proc., § 917.5.)

Without such a bond or undertaking, the proceedings cannot be stayed. (Wilson v.

Johnson (1934) 1 Cal.2d 288, 288-289 [in order to effect a stay of proceedings,

compliance with statute requiring undertaking is required].)

                                              15
        Because the receivership proceedings were not automatically stayed by the appeal

in case No. E051500, the receiver was fully authorized to proceed with attempts to

rehabilitate the property and, failing that (due to defendants’ interference), apply for

authorization to sell the property. Likewise, because no valid stay was in effect, the trial

court could properly make appropriate orders respecting the property. (See Julian v.

Schwartz (1934) 1 Cal.2d 269, 270-271 [appeal from judgment does not serve to divest

trial court of jurisdiction to deal with ancillary receiver].)

        At this point, William’s failure to obtain a stay by undertaking or bond on appeal

has left us unable to fashion any meaningful relief from the order appointing the receiver.

The trial court had continuing jurisdiction to grant the receiver’s request for approval to

sell the blighted property and, in fact, that property was sold. An order appointing a

receiver is not subject to appellate review after the receiver has settled accounts and been

discharged because, at that point, the receiver and the court no longer have control of the

subject matter of the receivership. (First Federal Bank of California v. Fegen (2005) 131

Cal.App.4th 798, 801.)

        In First Federal Bank of California v. Fegen, supra, 131 Cal.App.4th 798, the

court noted that the defendant’s failure to post an undertaking permitted the sale of

property, rendering the issues moot. (Id. at p. 801.) A case is moot when the decision of

the reviewing court can have no practical impact or provide the parties effectual relief.

(MHC Operating Limited Partnership v. City of San Jose (2003) 106 Cal.App.4th 204,

214.)

        Here, William’s failure to post an undertaking on appeal left the trial court free to

                                               16
grant the receiver’s application for an order to sell the property, and the receiver

proceeded to sell it to a purchaser. Because there is no relief we can grant, the appeal in

case No. E051500 is moot.

5.     Issues Relating to the Order Approving the Sale of the Property Are Not

Cognizable

       William argues the court did not allow him to oppose the receiver’s motion for an

order approving the sale of the property, but presents no legal argument or citation of

authority on the points made. We deem the issue forfeited. (People v. Stanley (1995) 10

Cal.4th 764, 793.) More significantly, William’s contention is unfounded, insofar as a

written opposition to the receiver’s application was filed.

       Procedurally, the order approving the sale of the property is not appealable

because such an order is not included in the list of appealable interlocutory orders found

in Code of Civil Procedure section 904.1. Further, section 568.5 specifies that a sale is

not final until confirmed by the court. However, while not expressly appealable, an

interlocutory judgment is nevertheless appealable to the extent that it requires as a

collateral matter, the immediate payment of money, or the performance forthwith of an

act. (Koshak v. Malek (2011) 200 Cal.App.4th 1540, 1545; Stockton v. Rattner (1972) 22

Cal.App.3d 965, 968.) Thus, it has been held that an order approving the sale of assets is

final and appealable as a final determination in a special proceeding. (In re Bank of San

Marino (1985) 167 Cal.App.3d 247, 250, fn.1, citing In re Bank of San Pedro (1934)

1 Cal.2d 675, 680, and Knoll v. Davidson (1974) 12 Cal.3d 335, 343.)

       The court had authority to approve the sale of the property. (Code. Civ. Proc.,

                                             17
§ 568.5; Health and Saf. Code, § 17980.7, subd. (c)(4)(H); City of Santa Monica v.

Gonzalez (2008) 43 Cal.4th 905, 930.) An order authorizing the receiver to sell

substandard structures that pose a substantial health and safety risk is reviewed for abuse

of discretion and is afforded considerable deference. (City of Santa Monica v. Gonzalez,

at p. 931, citing Lesser & Son v. Seymour (1950) 35 Cal.2d 494, 503 [sale of partnership

assets and real property]; People v. Riverside University (1973) 35 Cal.App.3d 572, 582

[Fourth Dist., Div. Two] [confirming receiver’s sale of university furniture and

equipment].)

       William argues in issue 8 that the court erred in allowing the receiver to proceed

with a sale of the property for a nominal sum. This argument also lacks any legal

argument with relevant authority. He cites a single case, Cohen v. Herbert (1960) 186

Cal.App.2d 488 at page 495, for the proposition that receivers are drastic remedies and it

is an abuse of discretion to deny a continuance. This issue is waived for lack of legal

argument or citation of relevant authority. (People v. Stanley, supra, 10 Cal.4th at p.

793.) Further, William did not present any competent evidence at the hearing to counter

the receiver’s appraisal of the property, so his statement as to the value of the property is

rejected. He has failed to show the court abused its discretion in ordering the sale of the

property after his multifarious legal machinations prevented the receiver from

rehabilitating the property.

       William argues in issue 9 that the court erred in not allowing the Horspools to

oppose the loan stripping, but again cites no relevant authority supporting the position

that he had standing to take such a position. The only authority cited under this argument

                                             18
heading is an incomplete citation to Golden Pacific Bankcorp v. FDIC (2d Cir. 2004) 375

F.3d 196, which he cites for the proposition that a receiver must endeavor to realize the

largest amount for assets of an estate. This issue is waived.

       In issue 10, a related argument, William claims the court erred in allowing the loan

stripping. He provides no authority for his premise that the court lacked authority to

order a sale free of liens or encumbrances, and he provides no showing that he has

standing to make this argument where he was not aggrieved by the order. A court of

equity has the power to order the sale of property free and clear of liens and

encumbrances. (Spreckels v. Spreckels Sugar Corp. (2d Cir. 1935) 79 F.2d 332, 334;

Miners’ Bank of Wilkes-Barre v. Acker (3d Cir. 1933) 66 F.2d 850, 853.)

       In issue 12, William argues the court erred in allowing the receiver to proceed

with a private sale of the home for the nominal sum of $75,000 when it was worth

$200,000 more than that.10 We interpret the argument to be a claim that the court abused

its discretion. There is nothing in the record to support the premise that the property was

worth $275,000 or that it was worth more than the selling price, especially where the sale

was conditioned upon the buyer’s obligation to rehabilitate the property at his own

expense, under the receiver’s oversight. The appraised value of the property in its

dilapidated state was $117,000, which was less than the lowest bid for the rehabilitation

work in the amount of $123,550. There is no showing that the court abused its discretion

in ordering the sale.


       10   This point heading is the same as issue 8.

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       Additionally, this issue is moot because the sale became final due to William’s

inaction in obtaining an undertaking to stay the trial court proceedings. (First Federal

Bank of California v. Fegen, supra, 131 Cal.App.4th at p. 801 [sale of the property

renders appeal moot].)

6.     Propriety of the Order for Costs and Fees of the Receiver

       William argues that the trial court erred in awarding the receiver $114,000 in fees

and costs. He cites a single, incomplete, authority, 11 but the proposition for which the

authority was provided is that receivers are often legal luxuries, frequently representing

an extravagant cost to losing litigants, and requiring courts to weigh the appointment of a

receiver carefully. (Elson v. Nyhan (1941) 45 Cal.App.2d 1, 5.) However, William has

failed to cite any authority for the proposition that the trial court abused its discretion in

awarding the receiver $114,000. The issue is therefore forfeited.

       On the merits, the amount of fees awarded to a receiver is in the sound discretion

of the trial court and in the absence of a clear showing of an abuse of discretion, a

reviewing court is not justified in setting aside an order fixing fees. (Melikian v. Aquila

(1998) 63 Cal.App.4th 1364, 1368 [Fourth Dist., Div. Two], citing People v. Riverside

University, supra, 35 Cal.App.3d at p. 587.)

       Here, the trial court’s findings are supported by the record and must therefore be

accorded a deferential standard of review. (Melikian v. Aquila, supra, 63 Cal.App.4th at

p. 1368.) William relentlessly abused the processes of both the state and bankruptcy

       11 Counsel also misspelled one of the parties’ names in the incomplete citation,
making it more difficult to locate.

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courts in his efforts to thwart the City’s attempts to correct structural defects on his

property that were dangerous to health and safety. In fact, he has been deemed to be a

vexatious litigant in the case of Horspool v. Updike, Riverside Superior Court case

No. RIC10021157. In the bankruptcy court, his fourth and final effort at removal of the

action was finally met with an order that the City’s exception from the bankruptcy stay

would apply to any future bankruptcy filing, and specifically directed that no subsequent

filing would stay the actions of the City respecting the property.

       Under the circumstances of this case, the award of fees to the receiver was

reasonable.

                                       DISPOSITION

       The judgment is affirmed. Respondents are entitled to costs on appeal.

       NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS

                                                                  RAMIREZ
                                                                                           P. J.

We concur:


KING
                           J.


MILLER
                           J.




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