                            UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                            FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA


EWA-MARIE RUNDQUIST,


                       Plaintiff,
                                                     Civil Action No. 09-2207 (BAH)
                       v.                            Judge Beryl A. Howell

VAPIANO SE, et al.,

                       Defendants.


                                    MEMORANDUM OPINION

       Before the Court is plaintiff Ewa-Marie Rundquist’s motion to compel the appearance of

six people for depositions in the District of Columbia, and to extend the period for jurisdictional

discovery for sixty days. The six noticed deponents are: Kent Hahne, Klaus Rader, Matteo

Thun, Martin Luible, Claus Sauer, and Gregor Gerlach. The plaintiff contends that these

individuals are officers, directors, or managing agents of defendants Vapiano SE, Vapiano

International, and Vapiano Franchise USA. For the reasons set forth below, the plaintiff’s

motion is denied in part and granted in part. Vapiano SE is directed to produce Claus Sauer for

deposition, and Vapiano International and Vapiano USA are directed to produce Gregor Gerlach

for deposition in the District of Columbia. The plaintiff’s request to compel depositions of

Messrs. Hahne, Rader, Thun and Luible, however, is denied because these individuals are no

longer employed by the defendants. In addition, the plaintiff is granted an additional sixty days

to conduct jurisdictional discovery.




                                                 1
I.         BACKGROUND

           On November 20, 2009, the plaintiff filed a Complaint alleging that defendants Vapiano

SE; Vapiano International, LLC (hereinafter “Vapiano International”); and Vapiano Franchise

USA, LLC (hereinafter “Vapiano USA”) were infringing the plaintiff’s copyrights by displaying

her photographs without permission as a “central décor element” in the defendants’ upscale

Italian restaurant chain named Vapiano. 1 Am. Compl. ¶¶ 1, 24, 25. Defendant Vapiano SE

moved to dismiss the allegations against it, arguing, inter alia, that the Court lacked jurisdiction

over the German company. Def.’s Mot. to Dismiss, ECF No. 17, at 1. In a Memorandum

Opinion and Order, dated July 20, 2011, ECF Nos. 28-29, the Court denied Vapiano SE’s motion

to dismiss without prejudice, and granted the plaintiff sixty days to conduct discovery regarding

Vapiano SE’s contacts with this district. The parties were to complete jurisdictional discovery

by September 18, 2011. Order dated July 20, 2011, ECF No. 29 (Howell, J.).

           On August 10, 2011, the plaintiff filed a motion to compel the depositions of Kent

Hahne, Klaus Rader, Matteo Thun, Martin Luible, Claus Sauer, and Gregor Gerlach in the

District of Columbia. ECF No. 33. 2 The plaintiff contends that these six individuals “have

knowledge of Defendant Vapiano SE’s jurisdictional contacts with the District of Columbia and

play key roles in Defendants’ operations within the District.” Mem. Supp. Pl.’s Mot. Compel,

ECF No. 33, at 1. Defendant Vapiano SE filed an opposition to the plaintiff’s motion on August

26, 2011, ECF No. 35, and defendants Vapiano International and Vapiano USA filed a joint brief

in opposition to the plaintiff’s motion on August 29, 2011. ECF No. 36. The plaintiff filed her


1
    The plaintiff filed an Amended Complaint on April 22, 2010. ECF No. 11.
2
 The plaintiff filed the instant motion to compel without complying with paragraph 9 of the Court’s Standing Order,
ECF No. 30, which states that “[i]f the parties are unable to resolve [a discovery] dispute, they shall contact
chambers to arrange for a telephone conference with the court. Before filing a motion relating to a discovery
dispute, a party must obtain leave of the court.” The parties are expected to comply with Court orders and future
noncompliance will warrant appropriate sanctions.

                                                         2
reply brief on September 8, 2011, ECF No. 39, and, in response, the defendants requested a

status conference in order to “correct several inaccurate statements” made by plaintiff in her final

brief. ECF No. 40.

       On September 16, 2011, the Court held an extended status conference during which, in

addition to contesting the plaintiff’s factual representations regarding the proposed deponents,

counsel for defendants Vapiano Franchise and Vapiano USA acknowledged that his clients used

the plaintiff’s photographs without authorization. Transcript of September 16, 2011 Status

Conference, Rundquist v. Vapiano, No. 09-cv-2207. Despite this concession, the parties

continue to absorb the Court’s resources, and that of their clients, over discovery disputes, when

the gravamen of the plaintiff’s complaint regarding infringement of her copyrighted photographs

appears to be conceded.

       The only issue presently before the Court, however, is the plaintiff’s pending motion to

compel. As explained below, the Court denies the plaintiff’s request to compel the depositions

of Messrs. Hahne, Rader, Thun, and Luible because they are not officers, directors, or managing

agents of the defendant corporations. Defendant Vapiano SE is directed, however, to produce

Mr. Sauer for deposition because he is a managing agent of that corporation. The Court

additionally grants the plaintiff’s motion to compel the deposition in the District of Columbia of

Mr. Gerlach, who is the current CEO of Vapiano SE and President of Vapiano International.

II.    DISCUSSION

       Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 30(b)(6) allows adverse parties to obtain depositions

from private and public corporations through their officers, directors or managing agents.

Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 32(a)(3), “an adverse party may use for any purpose

the deposition of a party or anyone who, when deposed, was the party’s officer, director,



                                                 3
managing agent.” Courts have liberally construed the term managing agent, and the

determination of whether an individual can be considered a “managing agent” of an organization

is fact intensive, decided largely on a case-by-case basis. Founding Church of Scientology of

Washington, D.C., Inc. v. Webster, 802 F.2d 1448, 1452 (D.C. Cir. 1986) (“The law concerning

who may properly be designated as a managing agent is sketchy. Largely because of the vast

variety of factual circumstances to which the concept must be applied, the standard, like so many

others in the law, remains a functional one to be determined largely on a case-by-case basis.”).

The D.C. Circuit has noted that “[f]or the purpose of determining whether an individual is a

‘managing agent’ within the meaning of the discovery rules, . . . the focus begins with the

character of the individual’s control.” Id. at 1452-53. Other factors include “both the degree to

which the interests of the individual and the corporation converge, and how helpful the

individual will be in fact-finding on the matter at issue, in comparison to others associated with

the corporation.” Id. at 1453; see also E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Co. v. Kolon Indus., Inc.,

268 F.R.D. 45, 48-49 (E.D. Va. 2010) (stating that relevant factors in considering an individual’s

managing agent status include “(1) the discretionary authority vested in the person by the

corporation; (2) the employee’s dependability in following the employer’s directions; (3)

whether the individual is more likely to identify with the corporation or the adverse party in the

litigation; and (4) the degree of supervisory authority in areas pertinent to the litigation.”).

       As a general rule, former employees cannot be “managing agents” of an organization and

the organization cannot be compelled to produce them for deposition. Simms v. Center for

Correctional Health and Policy Studies, 272 F.R.D. 36, 41 (D.D.C. 2011) (“[G]enerally, a party

cannot notice a deposition of a former director or employee under Rule 30(b)(6). If plaintiff

wishes to compel specific witnesses to testify, therefore, she must subpoena them pursuant to



                                                   4
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 30(a)(1) and 45.” (internal citations omitted)); In re Honda Am.

Motor Co., Inc. Dealership Relations Litig., 168 F.R.D. 535, 541 (D. Md. 1996). The

determination of a deponent’s status as a “managing agent” is “determined as of the time of the

deposition, not as of the time when the activities disputed in the litigation occurred.” Kolon

Indus., Inc., 268 F.R.D. at 49 (quoting In re Honda, 168 F.R.D. at 540). However, courts have

made exceptions to this general rule, for example when a corporation terminates an officer in

light of pending litigation, plans to rehire the individual in another position, or an individual

continues to act as a managing agent despite no longer being an employee. See In re Honda, 168

F.R.D. at 541; Kolon Indus., Inc., 268 F.R.D. at 50-51 (stating that “[t]he timing and

circumstances of [defendant’s] reassignment or termination of its employees render the true

status of the proposed deponents highly suspect, and allow for a strong inference that [the

defendant] is moving its employees around like chessmen, conveniently shielding them from []

access.”); Boston Diagnostics Dev. Corp., Inc. v. Kollsman Mfg. Co., Div. of Sequa Corp., 123

F.R.D. 415, 417 (D. Mass. 1988) (compelling testimony of a former employee when employee

continued to act in a capacity equivalent to managing agent of defendant corporation).

       A. Proposed Corporate Deponents

       The plaintiff has moved to compel depositions of six individuals in the District of

Columbia. The defendants state that Messrs. Hahne, Rader, Thun, and Luible are not proper

deponents because these individuals are no longer, or never were, “officers, directors, or

managing agents” of any of the defendants. Vapiano SE Mem. P. & A. Opp’n Mot. Compel,

ECF 35 (“Vapiano SE Opp’n”); Vapiano Int’l and Vapiano USA Opp’n Mot. Compel, ECF 36

(“Vapiano USA Opp’n”). Vapiano SE has also refused to produce Mr. Sauer because it asserts

that while he is an employee, he has no relevant knowledge of the matters for which the plaintiff

seeks his deposition. Vapiano SE Opp’n, ECF 35, at 6. Defendant Vapiano SE has agreed to
                                                  5
produce Mr. Gerlach for deposition, but states that it will only make Mr. Gerlach available for

deposition in Germany. Id. at 4. The Court addresses the propriety of each proposed deponent

seriatim.

            1. Kent Hahne

       The plaintiff asserts that the defendants should be compelled to produce Kent Hahne for

deposition because “the evidence shows that Mr. Hahne is one of Defendants’ founders and is

involved with the Defendants as an officer, director and key consultant.” Mem. Supp. Pl.’s Mot.

Compel, ECF No. 33 (hereinafter “Pl.’s Mot. Compel”), at 3. The evidence the plaintiff cites in

support of this assertion is, inter alia, a caption on Vapiano International’s “Executive Bios”

webpage referencing Mr. Hahne as the “President and Owner;” franchise disclosure documents

from Vapiano USA identifying Mr. Hahne as a contact person; Mr. Hahne’s independent

consulting firm’s website which references his experience with Vapiano SE; and Mr. Hahne’s

LinkedIn.com profile where he identifies himself as “Owner and Founder of Vapiano

Worldwide.” Id. at 4.

        In response, the defendants provide sworn declarations from the Chief Executive

Officers of both Vapiano SE and Vapiano USA attesting that Mr. Hahne was the former

President of Vapiano USA and Vapiano International, but resigned his position in March 2011

and divested all of his interest in the corporation in June 2011. See Vapiano USA Opp’n, ECF

No. 36, at 3-4; Vapiano USA Opp’n, Ex. 2, William Bessette Decl. (hereinafter Bessette Decl.),

¶¶ 3-4; Vapiano SE Opp’n, ECF No. 35, Ex. 2, Gregor Gerlach Decl. (hereinafter Gerlach Decl.)

¶ 3. With regard to the plaintiff’s referenced evidence, the defendants state that the franchise

disclosure document that the plaintiff cites was issued on March 15, 2011, prior to Mr. Hahne’s

departure and is no longer accurate. Vapiano USA Opp’n, ECF No. 36, at 4. The reference to



                                                 6
Mr. Hahne on the Vapiano International website is also inaccurate and “simply an artifact from

when Mr. Hahne was the company’s president.” Id. at 5 (emphasis in original). Moreover,

defendant Vapiano USA states that Mr. Hahne’s biography as “president” of the company was

removed from the website in October 2010, and the only inaccuracy is a “quote caption” on the

website. Id.

       The plaintiff describes as “strangely vague” the defendants’ brief statement about Mr.

Hahne’s departure from the defendant corporations and pointed out that the defendants “have not

submitted any minutes, resignation letters, or other documents supporting their assertions.” Pl.’s

Reply Mot. Compel, ECF No. 39, at 3. Yet, the defendants have provided the Court with sworn

declarations stating that Mr. Hahne is no longer an employee. See Bessette Decl. ¶¶ 3-4; Gerlach

Decl. ¶ 3. Contrary to the plaintiff’s assertion that “the evidence demonstrates that [Mr.] Hahne .

. . continue[s] to be involved in Defendants’ management,” Pl.’s Reply Mot. Compel, ECF No.

39, at 4, the sworn evidence presented to the Court is that Mr. Hahne no longer has supervisory

powers at Vapiano SE, Vapiano International or Vapiano USA, nor has the plaintiff

demonstrated that Mr. Hahne’s departure from the defendant corporations was in anyway

illusory or intended to prevent him from being deposed in this matter. See In re Honda, 168

F.R.D. at 541. While Mr. Hahne now apparently manages a “restaurant and retail management

group called Aperion,” which “may be a franchisee of defendant Vapiano SE,” Vapiano USA

Opp’n, ECF No. 36, at 6, a franchisee is not a “managing agent” of a corporation and does not

have the ability to speak on the corporation’s behalf.

       The “general rule is that former employees cannot be managing agents of a corporation”

within the meaning of FED. R. CIV. P. 30(b)(6) and a corporation cannot be compelled to produce

a former employee for a deposition. See In re Honda, 168 F.R.D. at 541. The Court therefore



                                                 7
denies the plaintiff’s motion to compel the defendants to produce Mr. Hahne for a deposition.

This, of course, does not preclude the plaintiff from seeking deposition testimony from Mr.

Hahne through other means, including pursuant to FED. R. CIV. P. 45, or from seeking other

discovery from each of the defendants about Mr. Hahne’s activities that may be relevant to the

claims in the Complaint, as well as to Vapiano SE’s jurisdictional ties to this district.

           2. Klaus Rader

       The plaintiff next asserts that the Court should compel the defendants to produce Klaus

Rader for deposition because he “is another of Defendants’ founders.” Pl.’s Mot. Compel, ECF

No. 33, at 6. Specifically, the plaintiff contends that “Vapiano Franchise USA holds Mr. Rader

out in its offering document as being one of its Vice Presidents and Directors since June 2007

and one of Vapiano International’s officers and directors since June 2005.” Id. Additionally,

“[a] previous iteration of Vapiano International’s website also identified Mr. Rader as Executive

Vice President and Secretary.” Id.

       The defendants’ sworn declarations, however, assert that Mr. Rader has no continuing

role with the defendants, “sold all of his shares in Vapiano SE in March 2011,” Vapiano SE

Opp’n, ECF No. 35, at 8, and “at present is not an officer, director, or managing agent of [the

defendants].” Vapiano USA Opp’n, ECF No. 36, at 7; see also Bessette Decl. at 3; Gerlach

Decl. ¶ 4. Moreover, the plaintiff has provided insufficient evidence to support its position that

Mr. Rader is currently a “managing agent” of any of the defendants, and she does not assert that

Mr. Rader currently holds any type of managerial role with them. The plaintiff has provided

insufficient evidence to rebut the defendants’ sworn statements, and therefore the plaintiff’s

motion to compel the defendants to produce Mr. Rader for deposition is denied. This, of course,

does not preclude the plaintiff from seeking deposition testimony from Mr. Rader through other



                                                  8
means, including pursuant to FED. R. CIV. P. 45, or from seeking other discovery from each of

the defendants about Mr. Rader’s activities that may be relevant to the claims in the Complaint,

as well as to Vapiano SE’s jurisdictional ties to this district.

           3. Matteo Thun

       The plaintiff seeks to compel the defendants to produce Matteo Thun for a deposition.

She contends that defendant Vapiano International’s website “identifies Mr. Thun as one of its

‘Executives,’ and includes Mr. Thun’s picture and biographical information on the ‘Executive

Bios’ section of the company’s webstie [sic].” Pl.’s Mot. Compel, ECF No. 33, at 7. Thus,

because “Mr. Thun is held out as an officer or managing agent of Defendants, [he] should be

produced for a deposition in the District of Columbia.” Pl.’s Reply Mot. Compel, ECF No. 39, at

6.

       The defendants claim that Mr. Thun was never an officer or managing agent of the

defendant, but was an architect hired by the defendants on a contract basis. Vapiano SE Opp’n,

ECF No. 35, at 9. According to Vapiano SE, “his relationship with Vapiano SE is that of an

independent, outside professional” and he has “no more of a relationship with Vapiano SE than

that of architect-client.” Id. With regard to the reference of Mr. Thun on Vapiano

International’s website, Vapiano International contends that “[l]isting Mr. Thun under the

heading ‘Design and Architecture’ and describing him as responsible for the restaurant’s ‘image’

. . . hardly makes him an officer, director, or managing agent of the company, no matter how one

may seek to stretch those terms.” Vapiano USA Opp’n, ECF No. 36, at 8-9.

       Again, those who are not employed by the defendant corporations cannot be considered

“managing agents” of that corporation. See In re Honda, 168 F.R.D. at 541. The defendants

declare in sworn statements that Mr. Thun is not currently employed by defendants and has never



                                                  9
been a managing agent of the defendants. Bessette Decl., ¶ 7; Gerlach Decl., ¶ 6. The plaintiff’s

motion to compel the defendants to produce Mr. Thun for deposition is therefore is denied. This,

of course, does not preclude the plaintiff from seeking deposition testimony from Mr. Thun

through other means, including pursuant to FED. R. CIV. P. 45, or from seeking other discovery

from each of the defendants about Mr. Thun’s activities that may be relevant to the claims in the

Complaint, as well as to Vapiano SE’s jurisdictional ties to this district.

           4. Martin Luible

       The plaintiff next seeks to compel the defendants to produce Martin Luible for

deposition. In support of its assertion that he is a managing agent of the defendant corporations,

the plaintiff points, inter alia, to Mr. Luible’s LinkedIn page, a 2010 magazine article discussing

a Vapiano franchise that Mr. Luible recently opened, and a 2009 interview with Mr. Luible in

which he discussed his career as a restaurateur. Pl.’s Mot. Compel, ECF No. 33, Ex. 20-22. The

defendants, however, have produced sworn declarations stating that Mr. Luible is a former

executive of Vapiano International, and left the corporation in 2009. Bessette Decl. ¶ 6.

       As previously stated, former employees of corporations generally cannot be compelled to

testify on behalf of their former corporation. See Simms, 272 F.R.D. at 41. There is insufficient

evidence to overcome the defendants’ sworn statements that Mr. Luible is no longer an employee

of the defendants. Even as the owner of a Vapiano franchise, Mr. Luible is not a managing agent

or even an employee of the defendant corporations and cannot speak to the limited jurisdictional

questions at issue at this stage in the litigation. This, of course, does not preclude the plaintiff

from seeking deposition testimony from Mr. Luible through other means, including pursuant to

FED. R. CIV. P. 45, or from seeking other discovery from each of the defendants about Mr.




                                                  10
Luible’s activities that may be relevant to the claims in the Complaint, as well as to Vapiano

SE’s jurisdictional ties to this district.

            5. Claus Sauer

        The plaintiff requests that the Court compel the defendants to produce Claus Sauer for

deposition. According to the plaintiff, Vapiano SE admits that it employs Mr. Sauer and a

franchise document indicates that he “was in charge of running training programs for new

franchisees in the District of Columbia.” Pl.’s Mot. Compel, ECF No. 33, at 8; Pl.’s Reply Mot.

Compel, ECF No. 39, at 5.

The defendants, again through sworn declaration, state that although Mr. Sauer is defendant

Vapiano SE’s Head of Franchising for Western Europe, he “has no responsibilities or duties with

respect to Vapiano restaurants in the United States, and played no role in training of personnel at

those restaurants.” Gerlach Decl., ¶ 7; Vapiano SE Opp’n, ECF No. 35, at 6. Additionally,

defendant Vapiano SE states that even though a franchise document on Vapiano International’s

website states that Mr. Sauer was to conduct operations training, “that in fact did not happen.”

Id. Defendants Vapiano International and Vapiano USA state that Mr. Sauer “has never been

employed by or associated with [them], nor has he provided employee training on [their] behalf.”

Vapiano USA Opp’n, ECF No. 36, at 9.

        Since Mr. Sauer is indisputably an employee of defendant Vapiano SE, the question

before the Court is whether he qualifies as an officer, director, or managing agent of that

corporation. To make this determination, the Court considers “(1) whether the corporation has

invested the person with discretion to exercise his judgment, (2) whether the employee can be

depended upon to carry out the employer’s directions, and (3) whether the individual can be

expected to identify him or herself with the interests of the corporation as opposed to the



                                                11
interests of the adverse party. Other factors to consider include the degree of supervisory

authority which a person is subject to in a given area and the general responsibilities of the

individual regarding the matters at issue in the litigation.” See In re Honda, 168 F.R.D. at 540-

41.

        Vapiano SE does not contest that Mr. Sauer is an executive of its company, and stated

during the September 16, 2011 hearing before the Court that it considers him a “managing agent”

within the areas of his job responsibilities. Vapiano SE argues, however, that Mr. Sauer has no

knowledge relevant to the current litigation given his position, and his deposition would be a

waste of time and money. Vapiano SE Opp’n, ECF No. 35, at 6. Vapiano SE may be correct that

the Mr. Sauer does not have knowledge relevant to the issues at stake in this litigation, but it

appears that he wields broad discretionary power in his position and trains employees and

franchisees across the world. Given Mr. Sauer’s position as Vapiano SE’s Head of Franchising

of Western Europe, the plaintiff should be given an opportunity to question the proposed

deponent. The plaintiff’s motion to compel Vapiano SE to produce Mr. Sauer for deposition is

therefore granted. 3

        B. The Plaintiff May Depose Mr. Gerlach in Washington, D.C.

        The plaintiff seeks to depose and the defendants have agreed to produce Gregor Gerlach,

Vapiano SE’s CEO and current President of defendants Vapiano International and Vapiano

USA. The dispute over this proposed deposition is whether it should take place in the District of

Columbia or in Germany. See Vapiano USA Opp’n, ECF No. 36, at 9; Pl.’s Mot. Compel, at 4-5.




3
 Having concluded that Mr. Sauer is a “managing agent” of the defendant Vapiano SE and is therefore a proper
Rule 30(b)(6) deponent, barring any agreement between the parties, the plaintiff must depose Mr. Sauer in Germany
given that depositions of corporate deponents are generally held at the corporation’s principal place of business.
Barko v. Halliburton Co., 270 F.R.D. 26, 28 (D.D.C. 2010).

                                                       12
       In considering where the deposition of a corporate agent is to take place, there is a

general presumption that the deposition will occur at the corporation’s principal place of

business. Barko v. Halliburton Co., 270 F.R.D. 26, 28 (D.D.C. 2010); see In re Outsidewall Tire

Litig., 267 F.R.D. 466, 471 (E.D. Va. 2010) (“Courts have implemented essentially the same

scheme for corporate defendants. Thus, courts have generally recognized a presumption . . .

[that] 30(b)(6) depositions of a foreign defendant corporation’s officers or managing agents

should be taken at the corporation’s principal place of business”). However, this presumption is

rebuttable and the Court can focus on several factors to determine if it would be inappropriate to

have the deposition at the foreign defendant corporation’s principal place of business. See

Barko, 270 F.R.D. at 28-29; Nat’l. Cmty. Reinvestment Coalition v. Novastar Fin. Inc., 604 F.

Supp. 2d 26, 31 (D.D.C. 2009); Custom Form Mfg., Inc. v. Omron Corp., 196 F.R.D. 333 (N.D.

Ind. 2000) (holding that the district court had personal jurisdiction over the defendant Japanese

company and that justice would best be served by compelling deposition of defendant employees

within the district). These factors include: “location of counsel for both parties; size of defendant

corporation and regularity of executive travel; resolution of discovery disputes by the forum

court; and the nature of the claim and the relationship of the parties.” Nat’l. Cmty. Reinvestment

Coalition, 604 F. Supp. 2d at 31.

       The defendants assert that Mr. Gerlach is new to his position as president of Vapiano

International and Vapiano Franchise USA, whose principle places of business are in Virginia,

and any relevant knowledge regarding this litigation matter came through his position in Vapiano

SE, whose principle place of business is in Hamburg, Germany. See Vapiano USA Opp’n, ECF

No. 36, at 9-11. In other words, the defendants attempt to argue that the current president of

Vapiano Franchise USA and Vapiano International would have no relevant knowledge of



                                                 13
Vapiano SE’s connection with the United States, and only an officer of Vapiano SE would be

privy to this information. This argument is erroneous.

        Mr. Gerlach is the current president of Vapiano International and Vapiano Franchise

USA and clearly is a proper corporate deponent under the Federal Rule of Civil Procedure

30(b)(6). See Barko, 270 F.R.D. at 28-29. The fact that Mr. Gerlach may have gained most of

his relevant knowledge from his position in Vapiano SE does not mean he is now shielded from

being deposed in his current position, and the defendants cite no authority stating otherwise. Mr.

Gerlach is a current officer of Vapiano International and Vapiano USA, and therefore deposition

in the District of Columbia, or Virginia which is Vapiano International and Vapiano USA’s

principal place of business, is entirely proper.

III.    PLAINTIFF’S REQUEST TO EXTEND DISCOVERY

        The plaintiff states that due to disputes between the parties, she is “having difficulty

obtaining jurisdictional discovery from Defendants,” and therefore requests an additional sixty

days to gather evidence of defendant Vapiano SE’s ties to this jurisdiction. Pl.’s Mot. Compel,

ECF No. 33, at 1. Although defendant Vapiano SE states that additional time is not necessary, it

appears clear that the plaintiff is being forced to untangle the defendants’ complex and

intertwined corporate relationships as a condition precedent to reaching the merits of the

plaintiff’s case, which, as explained earlier, appear unchallenged. 4 Indeed, the plaintiff’s attempt


4
 During the September 16, 2011 status conference, the Court engaged in the following colloquy with Mr. Merone,
counsel for defendants Vapiano Franchise and Vapiano USA:

        Mr. Merone: . . .When they talk about the photos, there are like 60 photos of like three or four were one
        in one restaurant like four and five in another. That's what they're talking about. A couple of photo out of
        all the photos of various Italian street scenes. So,.

        The Court: Only a couple of the photos are in some of the Vapiano restaurants --

        Mr. Merone: Yeah, there are like five in D.C.


                                                        14
to reach the merits of this case is made all the more complicated by the defendants’ relatively

anemic production of documents during discovery. Counsel for defendant Vapiano SE conceded

during oral argument that the document production to date has been minimal and proffers by way

of explanation that the German legal system “is very different” and “[t]hey do business with far

fewer pages of documents than we’re used to in this country.” Transcript of September 16, 2011

Status Conference, Rundquist v. Vapiano, No. 09-cv-2207 (Counsel for Vapiano SE stated:

“Their contracts tend to be a small fraction in relation to ours . . . so when you go into a situation,

when you are looking for transactions . . . [the documents you] are going to get [is] incredibly

small.”). Whatever the reason for the concededly minimal production to date of only “a few

hundred documents” regarding transactions of a global corporation operating, managing, or

franchising dozens of restaurants across the world, the issue of compliance with document

discovery is not presently before the Court. Id. As noted during the September 16, 2011 status

conference, the Court is not presented with a motion to compel production of documents at the

present time, but henceforth expects the parties to comply fully with outstanding discovery

requests so that this case may be resolved on the merits as expeditiously as practicable. That

said, the delay resulting from litigation over the parties’ deposition disputes warrants additional

time for jurisdictional discovery. Accordingly, the plaintiff’s request for an additional sixty days

of jurisdictional discovery is granted.




        The Court: Did I understand you just to say that only a couple of photos out of the many photos used in
        Vapiano Restaurants are the plaintiff's photos. Is that what you just said?

        Mr. Merone: Your Honor, if the plaintiff owns the photographs that we’re being sued on, I’m going to
        accept that.

Transcript of September 16, 2011 Status Conference, Rundquist v. Vapiano, No. 09-cv-2207.

                                                       15
IV.    CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, the plaintiff’s Motion to Compel Production of Witnesses for

Depositions and to Extend Jurisdictional Discovery is granted in part and denied in part. The

plaintiff’s request to compel depositions of Kent Hahne, Klaus Rader, Matteo Thun, and Martin

Luible is denied. Plaintiff’s motion to compel Vapiano SE to produce for deposition Claus

Sauer, and Vapiano International and Vapiano USA to produce Gregor Gerlach for deposition in

the District of Columbia is granted. Additionally, the plaintiff’s request to extend jurisdictional

discovery for a period of sixty days is granted. An Order consistent with this Memorandum

Opinion will be entered.


DATED: SEPTEMBER 30, 2011
                                                               /s/ Beryl A. Howell
                                                              BERYL A. HOWELL
                                                              United States District Judge




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