                                                                          F I L E D
                                                                   United States Court of Appeals
                                                                           Tenth Circuit
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                          AUG 26 2004
                              FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                      PATRICK FISHER
                                                                                 Clerk


    KAVEH AMIR-MOEZI,

                Petitioner,

    v.                                                   No. 03-9584
                                                      (No. A43-261-864)
    JOHN ASHCROFT, Attorney General,                 (Petition for Review)

                Respondent.


                              ORDER AND JUDGMENT          *




Before SEYMOUR and ANDERSON , Circuit Judges, and             KANE , ** Senior
District Judge.



         After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

this appeal.   See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is

therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.


*
      This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
**
      The Honorable John L. Kane, Senior District Judge, United States District
Court for the District of Colorado, sitting by designation.
      Petitioner Kaveh Amir-Moezi petitions for review of the Board of

Immigration Appeals’ decision that his parents abandoned their legal permanent

resident (LPR) status in the United States and that such abandonment must be

imputed to petitioner, making him subject to removal. Having determined that the

legal conclusions of the Bureau of Immigration Appeals (BIA) are free of error

and that the facts relied upon to underpin the decision are supported by

substantial evidence, we affirm.

      Mr. Amir-Moezi lived in the United States as an LPR for a few months in

1993. While he was a sixteen-year-old minor and still in the custody and control

of his parents, his parents departed the United States and returned to Iran. When

petitioner attempted to re-enter the United States in 1999, relying on his prior

LPR status, he was detained as an immigrant not in possession of a valid

immigrant visa or other travel document. See 8 U.S.C. § 1182 (a)(7)(A)(i)(I).        An

immigration judge (IJ) found that Mr. Amir-Moezi had abandoned his LPR status

and ordered him removed to Iran. R. at 71-75. The BIA affirmed the decision of

the IJ and issued a final order of removal, agreeing with the IJ that petitioner’s

parents’ intention to abandon their LPR status must be imputed to petitioner. Id.

at 4-5. The BIA further denied petitioner’s motion to reopen and remand.

      On appeal, Mr. Amir-Moezi raises the following issues: (1) whether the IJ

and the BIA improperly relieved the government of its burden to show


                                          -2-
abandonment by clear and convincing evidence; (2) whether clear and convincing

evidence supports the conclusion that Mr. Amir-Moezi’s parents intended to

abandon their LPR status; (3) whether, under the circumstances of this case, the IJ

and the BIA correctly imputed to Mr. Amir-Moezi his parents’ intention to

permanently depart the United States; and (4) whether the BIA properly denied

petitioner’s motion to reopen and remand his case.

      Abandonment of LPR status is an intensely fact-specific determination that

we review for substantial evidence.     Aleem v. Perryman , 114 F.3d 672, 676 (7th

Cir. 1997). “To reverse under the substantial evidence standard, the evidence

must be so compelling that no reasonable factfinder could fail to find the facts

were as the alien alleged.” Singh v. Reno, 113 F.3d 1512, 1514 (9th Cir. 1997).

In addition to a substantial evidence review, we also ascertain whether there is

legal error . Aleem, 114 F.3d at 676.

      As to Mr. Amir-Moezi’s contention that the government was

inappropriately relieved of its burden to prove abandonment by clear and

convincing evidence, we have reviewed the transcript of the removal hearing

contained in the record, and we disagree with Mr. Amir-Moezi’s characterization

of these proceedings. The evidence established that Mr. Amir-Moezi’s family

came to the United States at the behest of the senior Mr. Amir-Moezi’s employer

and stayed only two to three months. The family returned to Iran and never came


                                           -3-
back to the United States. R. at 105. The return to Iran was precipitated by the

need to tend to some business affairs involving some property the family owned

in their native country. Id. at 100. Mr. Amir-Moezi’s father has been working in

Iran ever since his return to that country, and, although he has traveled from Iran

to other foreign countries, he has never returned to the United States. Id. at 108.

This evidence is sufficient to sustain the government’s burden to show by clear

and convincing evidence that Mr. Amir-Moezi’s parents intended to abandon their

LPR status. The fact that Mr. Amir-Moezi’s own attorney brought out most of

this evidence while questioning his client at the hearing does not indicate that the

IJ had improperly shifted the burden of persuasion to petitioner. The references

in the decision of the BIA that Mr. Amir-Moezi had certain responsibilities on

appeal to establish error by the IJ is proper and also not an impermissible burden

shift.

         Once the government established that Mr. Amir-Moezi’s parents had

abandoned their LPR status, the IJ was required to impute that intention to

petitioner. This has long been the policy of the INS. See Matter of Zamora, 17 I.

& N. Dec. 395, 396 (BIA 1980); Matter of Favela, 16 I. & N. Dec. 753, 755 (BIA

1979); Matter of Winkins, 15 I. & N. Dec. 451, 452 (BIA 1975); accord Nikoi v.

Attorney Gen., 939 F.2d 1065, 1070 (D.C. Cir. 1991).




                                         -4-
      Finally, Mr. Amir-Moezi argues that the BIA erred in refusing to reopen

and remand his case for consideration of a re-entry permit showing that, for two

years after he left the United States, petitioner was entitled to return without

reconsideration of his intent by which time petitioner would have been of age.

The permit was in the possession of Mr. Amir-Moezi’s father and only came to

Mr. Amir-Moezi’s attention after the initial decision of the IJ. In denying

Mr. Amir-Moezi’s motion to reopen, the BIA stated, “[t]he respondent has failed

to establish that the evidence sought to be considered, which consists of family

travel documents issued in 1993, was not previously available.” R. at 5.

      A motion to reopen shall not be granted unless it appears that the evidence

is material and was not previously available. See 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(1). The

BIA has broad discretion to grant or deny a motion to reconsider or a motion to

reopen proceedings. INS v. Doherty, 502 U.S. 314, 322-23 (1992); see also Osei

v. INS, 305 F.3d 1205, 1208 (10th Cir. 2002) (reviewing the BIA’s determination

not to grant a motion to reopen for an abuse of discretion). “An abuse of

discretion may be found in those circumstances where the Board’s decision

provides no rational explanation, inexplicably departs from established policies, is

devoid of any reasoning, or contains only summary or conclusory statements

. . . .” Osei, 305 F.3d at 1208 (quotation omitted).




                                          -5-
      We have thoroughly reviewed the parties’ briefs and the record. We find

no abuse of discretion in the BIA’s refusal to reopen based on the evidence

presented by petitioner. The BIA provided a rational and reasoned explanation

for its decision and did not depart from established policies. See Mickeviciute v.

INS, 327 F.3d at 1159, 1162 (10th Cir. 2003) (describing abuse of discretion

standard). The record supports the BIA’s conclusion that petitioner did not

augment his motion to reopen with previously unavailable new and material

evidence. The evidence was not unavailable to Mr. Amir-Moezi as it was in the

possession of his father. Further, Mr. Amir-Moezi admitted at the evidentiary

hearing that, a year or so after he returned to Iran, he became aware of certain

time restrictions relative to his possible return to the United States. See R. at 101.

The fact that this information was neither new nor unavailable was a sufficient

basis for the BIA to deny petitioner’s motion to reopen and remand.

      The petition for review is DENIED.



                                                Entered for the Court



                                                John L. Kane
                                                Senior District Judge




                                          -6-
