          IN THE COURT OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION CLAIMS
                         AT CHATTANOOGA

Stephen W. Shepherd,                        )    Docket No.: 2015-01-0325
            Employee,                        )
v.                                           )   State File No.: 79562-2015
                                            )
Haren Construction Co., Inc.,               )    Judge Thomas Wyatt
           Employer,                        )
                                            )
And                                         )
                                            )
Amerisure Insurance Company,                )
            Insurance Carrier.              )




     EXPEDITED HEARING ORDER DENYING ADDITIONAL MEDICAL AND
                  TEMPORARY DISABILITY BENEFITS


        THIS CAUSE came before the undersigned Workers' Compensation Judge on
January 28, 2016, upon the Request for Expedited Hearing (REH) filed by the employee,
Stephen W. Shepherd, pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-239 (2015).
Mr. Shepherd seeks additional medical and temporary disability benefits from Haren
Construction Co., Inc. (Haren), the employer, arising from an alleged work injury to his
left arm occurring July 14,2015. (T.R. 1 at 1.)

       The central legal issues are ( 1) whether, and to what extent, Haren is responsible
to Mr. Shepherd for additional medical benefits; and (2) whether Haren had good cause
to terminate Mr. Shepherd, ending his entitlement to temporary disability benefits. For
the reasons set forth below, the Court finds Mr. Shepherd is not entitled- to either
additional medical or temporary disability benefits.

                                    History of Claim

      Mr. Shepherd is a forty-seven-year-old resident of Delano, Polk County,
Tennessee. {T.R. 1 at 1.) At the time of the alleged injury, Mr. Shepherd had worked for

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Haren, a utility pipeline excavation company, for thirteen weeks as an equipment
operator. (Ex. 1 at 25.)

      In July 2015, Haren employed Mr. Shepherd as part of a crew installing utilities in
Cary, North Carolina. (Ex. 1 at 1; Ex. 2 at 1.) Claude Fields, a Haren employee,
supervised Mr. Shepherd. (Ex. 2 at 1.)

       On July 14, 2015, Mr. Shepherd sustained a laceration to his left arm. (Ex. 1 at 1;
Ex. 3.) Mr. Shepherd testified the laceration occurred when Mr. Fields dropped the
bucket of an excavator onto his arm as he attempted to hook a lanyard to a piece of cable.
(Ex. 2 at 1.) Mr. Fields testified he was not operating the excavator, and was ten feet
away from the idle piece of equipment, when Mr. Shepherd lacerated his arm. (Ex. 6 at
1.) Mr. Fields claimed Mr. Shepherd cut his arm when he slid it against the bucket of the
unmanned excavator. !d.

        Mr. Fields drove Mr. Shepherd across the street to FastMed, an urgent care
facility, for treatment. (Ex. 1 at 3-5.) A physician's assistant at FastMed treated Mr.
Shepherd's injuries with stitches. !d. Mr. Shepherd testified the physician's assistant
told him and Mr. Fields it was best that he not work, to which Mr. Fields responded he
needed Mr. Shepherd to work to complete Haren's project. Mr. Fields testified he did not
hear the physician's assistant say Mr. Shepherd could not work, and stated both he and
Mr. Shepherd asked if Mr. Shepherd could continue working. The FastMed records
indicate the physician's assistant deemed Mr. Shepherd "[f]it for duty with the following
restrictions ... keep wound clean and dry for 2 days." !d. at 5. The physician's assistant
prescribed Ultram for Mr. Shepherd to take every six hours as needed for pain. !d.

       Mr. Shepherd returned to work for Haren the day after his injury occurred. On the
following day, July 16, 2015, he ruptured an underground gas line while digging with a
backhoe. Mr. Shepherd's and Mr. Fields' testimonies differed sharply in describing how
the gas line incident occurred. In fact, Mr. Shepherd's in-person testimony about the
incident differed from the account he gave in his affidavit.

       In his affidavit, Mr. Shepherd averred that," I was instructed by Claude Fields, my
supervisor ... , to dig with my backhoe at a specific location ... [that] was not marked
with the indications of a gas line[.] It was at this time that I scraped the gas line causing a
gas leak." (Ex. 2 at 1.) However, at the Expedited Hearing, Mr. Shepherd testified he
did not hear Mr. Fields give him any instructions about digging the gas line. Instead, Mr.
Shepherd testified that, at the time of the incident, he received instructions about where to
dig from Greg Anthony, his "ground man." Mr. Shepherd testified that neither Mr. Fields
nor Mr. Anthony told him not to dig in the area where he struck the gas line.

     Mr. Fields testified that when operating excavating equipment in the area of
known underground utility lines, the procedure is to expose the underground line by

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shovel so the equipment operator can see where the existing line is located. He testified
that, on July 16, 2015, Mr. Shepherd dug to the side of an exposed gas line until he came
to the end of the exposed section. Mr. Fields testified he told Mr. Shepherd to stop
digging and wait until a laborer exposed the gas line by shovel. He testified Mr.
Shepherd responded that he could see the gas line and kept digging with the backhoe.
Shortly thereafter, Mr. Shepherd struck an unexposed section of the gas line with the
blade of his backhoe. This caused a gas leak that shut the job down for several hours.
Haren eventually had to pay the gas line owner $642.39 for the damage Mr. Shepherd
caused. (Ex. 9.)

        Mr. Fields' in-person testimony was consistent with that given in his affidavit.
Mr. Fields' affidavit stated, "I instructed Mr. Shepherd to get off the backhoe where a gas
line had been located and allow Jason Troval to clean the remainder of it with a shovel.
Mr. Shepherd refused my order ... and continued to operate the backhoe which resulted
in striking the gas line and causing it to rupture." (Ex. 6 at 2.)

        Mike Bell, a field mechanic for Haren, testified he heard Mr. Fields tell Mr.
Shepherd to stop digging to allow a laborer to shovel around the gas line. He further
testified that Mr. Shepherd said "I can see the gas line and kept on digging. Shortly
thereafter, he struck the gas line with the blade of his backhoe. '

       The Haren crew worked on the Cary, North Carolina job through Friday, July 17,
2015. On Saturday, July 18, Mr. Fields called Mr. Shepherd at home to terminate him for
striking the gas line. Prior to terminating Mr. Shepherd, Mr. Fields sought permission to
do so from Mike Harrell, Haren's safety manager. Mr. Harrell gave Mr. Fields
authorization to terminate Mr. Shepherd.2

        The following Monday, Mr. Shepherd spoke to Haren's president, Evan Haren, at
Haren's office. In his affidavit, Mr. Shepherd asserted Mr. Haren told him ''there would
be no Workers' Compensation coverage and that [he] knew nothing about the injury."
(Ex. 2 at 2.) At the Expedited Hearing, Mr. Shepherd testified Mr. Haren told him he
would get back in touch with him about who would deal with his arm injury. Mr. Haren
testified he told Mr. Shepherd he would investigate and get back in touch with him only
if the company's decision on the firing changed. He also testified that Mr. Shepherd did
not mention this injury, or who would treat it, during their conversation.

         Mr. Haren upheld the decision to terminate Mr. Shepherd. An employee of Haren

1
 In his affidavit, Mr. Bell recounted Mr. Fields' instructions to the laborer about exposing the gas line. (Ex. 7 at 1.)
He did not specifically relate any comment made by Mr. Shepherd, but averred "Mr. Shepherd disobeyed his order."
Id
2
  During the Expedited Hearing, Mr. HarreJI testified Mr. Shepherd's termination was justified because he was
insubordinate when he failed to follow Mr. Fields' direct order not to dig until the gas line was further exposed.

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wrote the following notation on the Separation Notice it filed with the State of Tennessee:
"Discharged-UNABLE TO PERFORM WORK DUTIES REQUIRED." Mr. Fields
testified that he told the lady who completed the Separation Notice that he terminated Mr.
Shepherd because he could not operate Haren's equipment to his satisfaction.

        Mr. Shepherd's wife removed the sutures from his arm. On September 8, 2015,
Mr. Shepherd saw Dr. James P. Stone, an orthopedic surgeon in Cleveland, Tennessee,
for treatment of his arm. (Ex. 1 at 22.) Haren did not pay for this visit and Mr. Shepherd
did not testify that he contacted anyone at Haren for authorization to see Dr. Stone. Mr.
Shepherd testified Dr. Stone took him completely off work following the September 8
visit.

       Through the efforts of his attorney, Haren's workers' compensation carrier
authorized Dr. Stone to treat Mr. Shepherd's arm injury after the initial visit. (Ex. 1 at 1.)
Because Dr. Stone took Mr. Shepherd completely off work beginning September 28,
2015, Haren's carrier paid temporary total disability benefits at the stipulated rate of
$523.61 beginning September 28. /d.

       Mr. Shepherd next saw Dr. Stone on October 28, 2015. /d. at 14. Dr. Stone
released him to return to work with restrictions of no reaching, pulling, tugging, or lifting
greater than five pounds with his left arm. /d. at 13. Haren terminated temporary
disability benefits on October 28, 2015 (/d. at 1), claiming it would have returned Mr.
Shepherd to light duty work, including performing painting or clean-up work around
worksites, if it had not terminated him for cause.

                           Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law

       The Workers' Compensation Law shall not be remedially or liberally construed in
favor of either party but shall be construed fairly, impartially and in accordance with
basic principles of statutory construction favoring neither the employee nor employer.
Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-116 (2014). The employee in a workers' compensation claim
has the burden of proof on all essential elements of a claim. Scott v. Integrity Staffing
Solutions, No. 2015-01-0055, 2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 24, at *6 (Tenn.
Workers' Comp. App. Bd. Aug. 18, 2015). An employee need not prove every element
of his or her claim by a preponderance of the evidence in order to obtain relief at an
expedited hearing. McCord v. Advantage Human Resourcing, No. 2014-06-0063, 2015
TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 6, at *7-8, 9 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. App. Bd. Mar. 27,
20 15). At an expedited hearing, an employee has the burden to come forward with
sufficient evidence from which the trial court can determine that the employee is likely to
prevail at a hearing on the merits. /d.




                                              4
          Mr. Shepherd Is Not Entitled to Additional Temporary Disability Benefits.

       Temporary restrictions assigned during the period an employee undergoes
treatment for a work injury do not automatically entitle the employee to temporary partial
disability benefits. If, during the period of temporary restriction, the employee could
have performed work other than the pre-injury job without loss of income, the employee
is not entitled to temporary partial disability benefits. See Long v. Mid-Tennessee Ford
Truck Sales, 160 S.W.3d 504, 511 (Tenn. 2005); Vinson v. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.,
655 s. W.2d 931, 932-33 (Tenn. 1987).

       The issue before the Court, thus, is whether the evidence introduced at the
Expedited Hearing established that, at a hearing on the merits, Mr. Shepherd will likely
prevail in establishing (1) that Haren did not terminate him for good cause and, (2) that
Haren never intended to offer him a light duty position that accommodated his work-
related restrictions. McCord, supra, at *9. If Mr. Shepherd failed to establish the above
positions, Haren does not owe him temporary partial disability benefits. See Long, supra,
at 511: see also Jones v. Crencor Leasing and Sales, No. 2015-06-0332, 2015 TN Wrk.
Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 48, at *8 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. App. Bd. December 11, 2015),
citing with approval Carter v. First Source Furniture Group, 92 S.W.3d 367, 371-372
(Tenn. 2002) (holding that, "an employer should be permitted to enforce workplace rules
without being penalized in a workers' compensation case."). 3

        Mr. Shepherd argued Haren used the gas line rupture as a pretext to terminate him.
He also argued that he had no work skills that would allow Haren to assign him duties in
accommodation of the restrictions on his left upper extremity. Haren countered it
terminated Mr. Shepherd for striking the gas line and other inadequacies he exhibited in
operating its equipment. Haren claimed it would have assigned him to light duty within
his restrictions if he had not been terminated for cause.

       In order to decide the first prong of the issue before it, the Court must determine:
"(1) that the actions allegedly precipitating the employee's dismissal qualified as
misconduct under established or ordinary workplace rules and/or expectations; and (2)
that those actions were, as a factual matter, the true motivation for the dismissal."
Ingram v. Heads Up Cutting Ctr., No. M2012-00464-WC-R3-WC, 2013 Tenn. LEXIS
338, at *20 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. Panel Apr. 10, 2013); see also Durham v. Cracker
Barrel Old Country Store, Inc., No. E2008-00708-WC-R3-WC, 2009 LEXIS 3, at *9
3
  The Carter opinion arose in the context of a claim for reconsideration of a capped award of permanent disability
benefits following the employee's termination. The Court fmds the principle underlying the decision in Carter, i.e.,
that an employee with a capped permanent disability benefits award is not entitled to an additional award when
terminated for cause, is equally applicable to a claim for temporary partial disability benefits. See also Phillips v.
Deroyal Indus., No. E2001-01655-WC-R3-CV, 2001 Tenn. LEXIS 324, at *8-9 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. Panel July
8, 2002, upholding a denial of temporary partial disability benefits when, along with one other reason, it found the
trial court "was satisfied the employer had valid reasons to terminate Mr. Phillips for failure to report to work at the
light duty assignment."

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(Tenn. Workers' Comp. Panel Jan. 5, 2009). In consideration of the evidence introduced
at the Expedited Hearing, the Court finds Haren will likely prevail at a hearing on the
merits in establishing that Mr. Shepherd's inadequate performance in operating its
equipment constituted the true motivation for his termination.

       Mr. Shepherd focused on two points in support of his position that his termination
for damaging the gas line was pretextual. First, he pointed out that Haren did not
terminate Mr. Fields when he caused a delay of the Cary, North Carolina job while the
local cable utility repaired buried cable lines Mr. Fields unearthed while digging with an
excavator. Second, he relied on Haren's president's testimony that he would not
terminate an employee for making "an honest mistake." The Court finds neither of these
arguments offer him relief.

       Haren's failure to terminate Mr. Fields does not prove Mr. Shepherd's termination
was pretextual. Mr. Fields testified without rebuttal he dug up unmarked cable lines,
while Mr. Shepherd damaged a gas line he knew existed while digging in disobedience to
instructions not to dig until a laborer further exposed the line. The Court finds the
circumstances of the two incidents are completely different, and Haren's decision to keep
Mr. Fields and fire Mr. Shepherd does not prove an improper motivation.

       The Court likewise finds that Mr. Haren's comment about not terminating
employees for honest mistakes does not support a finding Mr. Shepherd's termination
was improperly motivated. Mr. Haren testified about not terminating an employee for an
"honest mistake" in response to Mr. Shepherd's attorney's question whether he would
consider it misconduct if Mr. Shepherd ruptured a gas line in an area where Mr. Fields
directed him to dig. Mr. Fields and Mr. Bell testified positively and without hesitation
that Mr. Shepherd hit the gas line while digging in contravention to Mr. Fields'
instruction not to dig. Mr. Shepherd testified inconsistently on the issue of whether Mr.
Fields instructed him to dig at the pertinent time. In view of the above, the Court finds
Mr. Fields and Mr. Bell testified credibly on this issue and, as such, finds Mr. Shepherd's
action in hitting the gas line was not an "honest mistake", as Mr. Shepherd' question
defined that term for Mr. Haren. 4

       The Court finds Haren terminated Mr. Shepherd for cause. The Court's decision
on this point makes it unnecessary to determine if Haren would have offered Mr.
Shepherd a light duty position had it not terminated him. Because Haren terminated him
for cause, Mr. Shephered is not entitled to additional temporary disability benefits.



4
  Haren's employee handbook, which Mr. Shepherd testified he read and signed, provides, "[u]nsafe, destructive,
careless, negligent, or improper use or operation of equipment may result in disciplinary action up to and including
termination of employment." (Ex. 5 at 33.)


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                Mr. Shepherd Is Not Entitled to Additional Medical Benefits.

       Mr. Shepherd seeks to recover the costs of the initial treatment visit with Dr.
Stone. He testified he saw Dr. Stone on his own because Haren did not get back in touch
with him about treatment of his work injury. Mr. Shepherd did not testify he contacted
Haren to attempt to obtain authorization to see Dr. Stone.

       The Supreme Court held in Buchanan v. Mission Ins. Co., 713 S.W.2d 654 658
(Tenn. 1986), that the Workers' Compensation Law "makes it clear that the intent [of the
Legislature] ... was for the employee to certainly do no less than consult his employer
before incurring the expenses called for by the statute if the employee expects the
employer to pay for it. The opposite would seem to be against public policy." In
compliance with the above-quoted authority, the Court finds Mr. Shepherd is not entitled
to reimbursement for the costs of the initial visit with Dr. Stone because he did not
establish that the he asked Haren for authorization to see Dr. Stone before utilizing his
servtces.

      IT IS, THEREFORE, ORDERED as follows:

   1. Mr. Shepherd's request for additional medical and temporary disability benefits is
      denied.

   2. This matter is set for a telephonic Initial (Scheduling) Hearing Status on March
      24, 2016, at 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time. The parties shall call 855-747-1721 (toll-
      free) or 615-741-3061 to participate in the hearing.

      ENTERED this the 19th day of February, 2016.


                                          ~v
                                   Judge Thomas Wyatt
                                   Court of Workers' Compensation Claims




Status Hearing:

    A Status Hearing has been set with Judge Thomas Wyatt, Court of Workers'
Compensation Claims. You must call 855-747-1721, toll-free, or at 615-741-3061 to

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participate.

       Please Note: You must call in on the scheduled date/time to
participate. Failure to call in may result in a determination of the issues without
your further participation.

Right to Appeal:

       Tennessee Law allows any party who disagrees with this Expedited Hearing Order
to appeal the decision to the Workers' Compensation Appeals Board. To file a Notice of
Appeal, you must:

   1. Complete the enclosed form entitled: "Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal."

   2. File the completed form with the Court Clerk within seven business days of the
      date the Workers' Compensation Judge entered the Expedited Hearing Order.

   3. Serve a copy of the Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal upon the opposing party.

   4. The appealing party is responsible for payment of a filing fee in the amount of
      $75.00. Within ten calendar days after the filing of a notice of appeal, payment
      must be received by check, money order, or credit card payment. Payments can be
      made in person at any Bureau office or by United States mail, hand-delivery, or
      other delivery service. In the alternative, the appealing party may file an Affidavit
      of Indigency, on a form prescribed by the Bureau, seeking a waiver of the filing
      fee. The Affidavit of Indigency may be filed contemporaneously with the Notice
      of Appeal or must be filed within ten calendar days thereafter. The Appeals Board
      will consider the Affidavit of Indigency and issue an Order granting or denying
      the request for a waiver of the filing fee as soon thereafter as is
      practicable. Failure to timely pay the filing fee or file the Affidavit of
      Indigency in accordance with this section shall result in dismissal of the
      appeal

   5. The parties, having the responsibility of ensuring a complete record on appeal,
      may request, from the Court Clerk, the audio recording of the hearing for the
      purpose of having a transcript prepared by a licensed court reporter and filing it
      with the Court Clerk within ten calendar days of the filing of the Expedited
      Hearing Notice of Appeal. Alternatively, the parties may file a joint statement of
      the evidence within ten calendar days of the filing of the Expedited Hearing
      Notice of Appeal. The statement of the evidence must convey a complete and
      accurate account of what transpired in the Court of Workers' Compensation
      Claims and must be approved by the workers' compensation judge before the
      record is submitted to the Clerk of the Appeals Board.

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6. If the appellant elects to file a position statement in support of the interlocutory
   appeal, the appellant shall file such position statement with the Court Clerk within
   five business days of the expiration of the time to file a transcript or statement of
   the evidence, specifying the issues presented for review and including any
   argument in support thereof. A party opposing the appeal shall file a response, if
   any, with the Court Clerk within five business days of the filing of the appellant's
   position statement. All position statements pertaining to an appeal of an
   interlocutory order should include: (1) a statement summarizing the facts of the
   case from the evidence admitted during the expedited hearing; (2) a statement
   summarizing the disposition of the case as a result of the expedited hearing; (3) a
   statement of the issue(s) presented for review; and (4) an argument, citing
   appropriate statutes, case law, or other authority.




                                         9
                                              APPENDIX

The Court reviewed the following documents and designates these documents as the
Technical Record: 5

    1.   PBD, filed October 2, 2015;
    2.   DCN, filed November 5, 2015;
    3.   REH, filed December 18, 20 15;
    4.   Employee's Position Statement, filed with the PBD on October 2, 2015; and
    5.   Letter from counsel for Employer, dated October 14, 2015.

The Court admitted the following documents into evidence at the Expedited Hearing and
reviewed each document in reaching its decision in this claim:

    1. Stipulation, including records ofFastMed Urgent Care; records of Dr. James P.
        Stone/Chattanooga Orthopaedic Group, P.C.; and Wage Statement (C-41);
    2. Affidavit of Stephen Shepherd;
    3. Photograph of Mr. Shepherd's injury;
    4. Separation Notice;
    5. Haren Construction Co., Inc. Employee Handbook;
    6. Affidavit of Claude Fields;
    7. Affidavit of Mike Bell;
    8. Affidavit of Evan Haren, with attached notes;
    9. Bill from PSNC Energy;
    10. Omitted;
    11. Statement of Workers' Compensation Benefits Due compiled by counsel for Mr.
        Shepherd; and
    12. Photographs of the worksite where Mr. Shepherd was injured.




5
   The Court did not consider attachments to Technical Record filings unless admitted into evidence during the
Expedited Hearing. The Court considered factual statements in these filings or any attachments to them as
allegations unless established by the evidence.


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                           CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

       I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the Expedited Hearing Order
Denying Temporary Disability Benefits was sent to the following recipients by the
following methods of service on this the 19th day ofFebruary, 2016.


Name                      Certified   Via         Via    Service sent to:
                           Mail       Fax        Email
William J. Brown,                                        wjb@vollaw.com
Attorney                                          X
Leslie Bishop, Attorney                                  lbishop@lewisthomason.com
                                                  X




                                       Penny Shrum, Clerk of Court
                                       Court of Workers' Compensation Claims
                                       WC.CourtCierk@tn.gov




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