                                                                                                  04/26/2017




                     IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                                 AT NASHVILLE
                                       February 23, 2017 Session

                         JAMES SWANGER v. CARRIE LOWERY

                      Appeal from the Circuit Court for Davidson County
                           No. 15X620 Phillip R. Robinson, Judge
                          ___________________________________

                                  No. M2016-00600-COA-R3-CV
                              ___________________________________

In this appeal of the extension of an order of protection for five years, the appellant
contends that the appellee did not prove an allegation of domestic abuse, stalking, or
sexual assault by a preponderance of the evidence. Upon our review, we conclude that
the evidence supports the finding that the initial order of protection was violated and that
the court had the authority to extend the order; accordingly, we affirm the judgment of
the trial court.

     Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

RICHARD H. DINKINS, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ANDY D. BENNETT
and W. NEAL MCBRAYER, JJ., joined.

Carrie A. Lowery, Nashville, Tennessee, Pro Se.

Chelsea Nicholson, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellee, James Swanger.

                                     MEMORANDUM OPINION1

      This appeal stems from the grant of a five year extension to an order of protection.
James Swanger and Carrie Lowery began a dating relationship in July 2011. On
December 1, 2014, Mr. Swanger filed a petition in Davidson County General Sessions
Court for an order of protection, naming Ms. Lowery as the respondent; a temporary
1
    Rule 10 of the Rules of the Court of Appeals states:

          This Court, with the concurrence of all judges participating in the case, may affirm,
          reverse or modify the actions of the trial court by memorandum opinion when a formal
          opinion would have no precedential value. When a case is decided by memorandum
          opinion it shall be designated “MEMORANDUM OPINION,” shall not be published, and
          shall not be cited or relied on for any reason in any unrelated case.
order of protection was entered against Ms. Lowery the same day. On December 17,
2014, a hearing was held, and the court issued the order of protection, which was to
extend for one year. The order also required Ms. Lowery to have no contact with Mr.
Swanger, to stay away from him, to not cause intentional damage to his property, and to
not hurt or threaten to hurt any animals owned or kept by him.

       In May 2015, Ms. Lowery filed a petition to modify the order of protection,
seeking to have it set aside. Mr. Swanger responded, and the petition was heard and
denied. Ms. Lowery appealed to the Circuit Court. Mr. Swanger filed a motion to
dismiss Ms. Lowery’s petition to modify, on the basis that no change in circumstances
had occurred. On September 21, a hearing was held on Ms. Lowery’s petition to modify
the order of protection; on October 9, the court entered an order denying the petition,
holding that “the Respondent agreed to this Order of Protection[, and . . .] has since
violated this Order of Protection, and that she is under the restrictions of the Order of
Protection.”

        On December 14, 2015, Mr. Swanger filed a motion to extend the order of
protection for five years; Mr. Swanger inserted the following language on the motion
form as the reason for the extension request: “[t]his was not the first order against [Ms.
Lowery] and both were violated.”2 A hearing was held on Mr. Swanger’s motion on
January 15, 2016, at which he and Ms. Lowery testified. Mr. Swanger testified that he
felt the order of protection should be extended to keep Ms. Lowery from trying to contact
him and from coming to or driving past his home because he was “worried about her
coming around me.” Ms. Lowery stipulated to the fact that she violated the Order of
Protection by sending Mr. Swanger an “inadvertent” text message in February 2015 and
testified that she has gone to a neighborhood bar frequented by Mr. Swanger. The court
ruled at the end of the hearing, and its ruling was memorialized in an order entered on
February 19:

                The parties stipulated that during the past year, while this Order of
        Protection has been [in] effect, the Respondent, Carrie Lowery, has been
        convicted of violating this Order of Protection. There has been a prior
        Order of Protection within this matter. Both parties testified that at some
        point during the prior Order of Protection, the parties engaged in sexual
        activities, thereafter, there was a second Order of Protection. Ms. Lowery
        violated this Order of Protection, which she admitted.
                The Court found that Ms. Lowery continues to frequent an
        establishment that Ms. Swanger frequents, and this is a pattern.

2
  In several of the pleadings, in Mr. Swanger’s deposition testimony, and in the order being appealed, the
parties reference an order of protection that was granted to Mr. Swanger against Ms. Lowery prior to the
ex parte order issued December 1, 2014. The prior order is not in the record and is not at issue in this
appeal.
                                                    2
              The Court found based on all of the above that that the Motion was
       well taken and ruled to extend this Order of Protection for a period of five
       (5) years.

Ms. Lowery appeals, contending that the testimony at the hearing “does not prove an
allegation of ongoing domestic abuse, sexual abuse, stalking — or even harassment — by
a preponderance of the evidence sufficient to sustain a five-year extension of the Order of
Protection.”

       We review a trial court’s findings of fact de novo and presume that the findings of
fact are correct unless the preponderance of the evidence is otherwise. Tenn. R. App. P.
13(d); Bowden v. Ward, 27 S.W.3d 913, 916 (Tenn. 2000). We review issues of law de
novo with no presumption of correctness. Nelson v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 8 S.W.3d 625,
628 (Tenn. 1999).

       Tennessee Code Annotated section 36-3-605 sets forth the procedure by which a
victim of domestic abuse, stalking, or sexual assault may obtain an order of protection.
Mr. Swanger sought and obtained a temporary ex parte order of protection, authorized
under section 36-3-605(a), on December 1, 2014. A hearing was held on December 17,
at which time the court entered the order of protection, which was in effect when Mr.
Swanger filed his motion to extend it for five years; thus section 36-3-605(d), which
reads as follows, controls:

       Within the time the order of protection is in effect, any court of competent
       jurisdiction may modify the order of protection, either upon the court’s own
       motion or upon motion of the petitioner. If a respondent is properly served
       and afforded the opportunity for a hearing pursuant to § 36-3-612, and is
       found to be in violation of the order, the court may extend the order of
       protection up to five (5) years.

(Emphasis added.)

       Ms. Lowery’s analysis conflates the requirements to extend an ex parte order, see
Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-3-605(b), with the requirements to modify an existing order of
protection due to a respondent’s violation of the order, see id. at § 36-3-605(d); the latter
is type of modification Mr. Swanger sought. There is no dispute that the order of
protection was violated; indeed, Ms. Lowery stipulated that she violated the order. The
court had the authority to extend the order of protection for five years, and the record
shows that the parties have had an on-and-off relationship in the past which has resulted
in confusion and conflict. We have not been cited to any evidence from which to
conclude that the proof did not support the five-year extension of the order of protection.
Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the trial court extending the order of protection
by five years.
                                             3
        Ms. Lowery also raises the issue of whether she should receive an award of costs
pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 36-3-617(a)(2). In light of our disposition
of this case, an award of costs to her is not available.

       Mr. Swanger seeks his attorney’s fees on appeal, asserting that the appeal is
frivolous. On the record presented, we decline to hold that this appeal is frivolous and
decline to award fees to him.




                                               RICHARD H. DINKINS, JUDGE




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