                 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                              AT JACKSON
                                  February 19, 2002 Session

 TRENT WRIGHT MARCUS v. LORRAINE BURTON SPIERS MARCUS

                       Appeal from the Circuit Court for Shelby County
                       No. 305781-6 TD    George H. Brown, Jr., Judge



                     No. W2001-00906-COA-R3-CV - Filed July 30, 2002


This case involves a petition to enroll a foreign judgment. The parties were married in Tennessee
and later moved to North Carolina. While living in North Carolina, the parties separated and the
husband filed for divorce in North Carolina. The wife filed a counterclaim for divorce in North
Carolina, seeking permanent and pendente lite alimony. The North Carolina court ordered the
husband to pay pendente lite alimony. While the North Carolina proceedings were pending, husband
moved to Arkansas and obtained a divorce in Arkansas. In light of the Arkansas divorce, the wife
filed a voluntary dismissal of her North Carolina counterclaim. The husband then filed a motion in
North Carolina under a North Carolina statute, seeking reimbursement of the pendente lite alimony
he had paid to the wife. The North Carolina court entered a judgment ordering the wife to reimburse
the husband for the alimony payments. The wife did not file an appeal in North Carolina. The
husband then filed a petition to enroll the North Carolina judgment in Tennessee. The Tennessee
trial court enrolled the North Carolina judgment. The wife now appeals. We affirm, finding that the
North Carolina court had subject matter jurisdiction under its statutes to enter the judgment and that
the North Carolina judgment was not contrary to Tennessee public policy.

      Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

HOLLY KIRBY LILLARD, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which W. FRANK CRAWFORD , P.J.,
W.S., and DAVID R. FARMER , J., joined.

Edward M. Bearman, Memphis, Tennessee, for the appellant, Lorraine Burton Spiers Marcus.

Daniel Loyd Taylor and John N. Bean, Memphis, Tennessee, for the appellee, Trent Wright Marcus.

                                             OPINION

        Plaintiff/appellee Trent Wright Marcus (“Husband”) and defendant/appellant Lorraine Burton
Spiers Marcus (“Wife”) were married in Memphis in December 1990. In July 1991, the parties
moved to Winston-Salem, North Carolina. In the fall of 1992, the parties separated and Husband
filed a divorce complaint in North Carolina seeking custody of the parties’ minor child, child
support, and distribution of the marital property. Wife counterclaimed in North Carolina, also
seeking custody and support of the minor child and distribution of the parties’ marital property and,
in addition, permanent and pendente lite alimony. On March 16, 1993, the North Carolina court
entered an order requiring Husband to pay $500 per month to Wife in pendente lite alimony. On
November 22, 1994, the amount of pendente lite alimony was modified to $1000 per month.

       Husband later relocated to Arkansas and filed for divorce in Arkansas. The North Carolina
proceedings remained pending. The Arkansas Chancery Court granted a divorce to the parties on
December 21, 1994. In light of this, on April 19, 1995, Wife filed a voluntary dismissal of her
counterclaim for divorce in the North Carolina proceeding.

        Subsequently, in the North Carolina court, Husband filed a motion pursuant to North
Carolina General Statutes § 50-16.11.1 This statute provides that, in a divorce proceeding, if a final
judgment is entered which denies alimony because none of the grounds for alimony exist, the payor
spouse may obtain reimbursement from the payee spouse of alimony payments made. Wife asserts
that she submitted a pro se response to Husband’s motion; however she did not appear for the
hearing on the motion. The North Carolina court found that it had “jurisdiction over the parties and
the subject matter in this action” and that Wife’s voluntary dismissal was sufficient to establish that
none of the grounds for alimony existed.2 On April 19, 1996, the North Carolina trial court entered
judgment, granting Husband’s motion and ordering Wife to reimburse Husband $23,000 for alimony
paid under the court’s previous order. Wife did not file an appeal of this judgment in North
Carolina.

       On December 3, 1999, Husband filed a petition in Tennessee Circuit Court to enroll the
North Carolina judgment. In her response to the Tennessee petition, Wife asserted that the North
Carolina court lacked both personal and subject matter jurisdiction and that, therefore, the North
Carolina judgment was not valid. On October 24, 2000, the Tennessee trial court conducted a
hearing on the petition and entered an order enrolling the North Carolina judgment in Tennessee.
Wife then filed a motion to alter or amend the judgment. This was denied by order dated March 20,
2001. From this order, Wife now appeals.




         1
             North Carolina Gen eral Statutes § 50-16.11 p rovides:

             If a final judgment is entered in any action denying alimony because none of the grounds
             specified in G.S. 50 -16.2 exists, upon m otion by the suppo rting spouse, the court shall enter a
             judgment against the spouse to whom the payme nts were made for the amount of all alimony
             paid by th e sup porting sp ouse to tha t spou se pendin g a final disposition of the case.

         2
            North Carolina Gen eral Statutes § 50-16.1 1 w as repealed on O ctober 1, 1995 . However, the repeal “[did]
not apply to pending litigation, or to future motions in the cause seeking to modify orders or judgments in effect on
October 1, 1995.” 1995 N.C . Sess. L aws 319 , § 1 (emphasis added). Therefore, the repeal of the statute does not affect
this appeal.

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        On appeal, Wife argues that the Tennessee trial court erred by enrolling the North Carolina
judgment. Wife contends that the North Carolina court was without subject matter jurisdiction and
that the statute which is the basis for the judgment is contrary to Tennessee public policy. In
addition, Wife argues that Husband should be barred from enrolling the North Carolina judgment
based on the doctrine of “unclean hands.”

       Since the issues presented by this case are purely questions of law, our review is de novo
upon the record before this Court with no presumption of correctness. Ridings v. Ralph M. Parsons
Co., 914 S.W.2d 79, 80 (Tenn. 1996).

        Wife first argues that the divorce decree entered in Arkansas deprived the North Carolina
court of subject matter jurisdiction to order reimbursement. Wife contends that the Arkansas divorce
decree superseded the North Carolina order for pendente lite alimony and, thus, the alimony matter
was no longer pending when Husband filed his motion seeking reimbursement.

       The procedure for domesticating a foreign judgment is set forth in the Uniform Enforcement
of Foreign Judgments Act, Tennessee Code Annotated §§ 26-6-101 thru 107 (2000) (“The Act”).
Tennessee Code Annotated § 26-6-104 provides:

       (a) A copy of any foreign judgment authenticated in accordance with the acts of
       congress or the statutes of this state may be filed in the office of the clerk of any
       circuit or chancery court of this state.

       (b) The clerk shall treat the foreign judgment in the same manner as a judgment of
       a court of record of this state.

       (c) A judgment so filed has the same effect and is subject to the same procedures,
       defenses and proceedings for reopening, vacating, or staying as a judgment of a court
       of record of this state and may be enforced or satisfied in like manner.

Thus, “[u]nder the terms of [the Act], the courts of this State will presume, absent proper proof to
the contrary, that the decrees of the courts of record of any sister states are valid.” Four Seasons
Gardening & Landscaping, Inc. v. Crouch, 688 S.W.2d 439, 441-442 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1984). The
party challenging the validity of a foreign judgment faces a “stern and heavy burden” in showing that
the foreign judgment is not entitled to full faith and credit. Dement v. Kitts, 777 S.W.2d 33, 36
(Tenn. Ct. App. 1989). In Biogen Distrib., Inc. v. Tanner, this Court held:

       Foreign judgments are ordinarily entitled to full faith and credit in Tennessee’s
       courts. However, Tenn. Code Ann. § 26-6-104(c) states that they are subject to the
       same defenses and may be vacated or reopened on the same grounds and procedures
       used to vacate or reopen Tennessee judgments. Thus, the grounds and procedures



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       for vacating or reopening foreign judgments are those contained in Tenn. R. Civ. P.
       60.02.



       Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02(3) states that a final judgment may be set aside if it is void.
       Therefore, not surprisingly, the two most common circumstances when courts will
       refuse to give full faith and credit to a foreign judgment are when the court entering
       the foreign judgment had no personal or subject matter jurisdiction and when
       enforcing the judgment would be contrary to Tennessee’s public policy.

Biogen Distrib., Inc. v. Tanner, 842 S.W.2d 253, 256 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1992) (citations omitted).

         A party seeking to challenge the jurisdiction of a foreign court “must demonstrate that the
foreign court did not acquire jurisdiction under the law of the state where the judgment was
obtained.” Id. In this case, the North Carolina court recognized that a final divorce had been granted
in Arkansas, but nevertheless found that it had jurisdiction to order reimbursement of the pendent
lite alimony under North Carolina General Statutes § 50-16.11. The language of North Carolina
General Statutes § 50-16.11 does not indicate that a final divorce decree entered by another state
deprives the North Carolina court of subject matter jurisdiction to order reimbursement of pendente
lite alimony paid under a North Carolina court order. We must conclude that Wife has failed to meet
her “stern and heavy burden” of establishing that the North Carolina court lacked subject matter
jurisdiction to enter the judgment which Husband now seeks to enroll in Tennessee.

       Wife also contends that the North Carolina court did not have subject matter jurisdiction
under North Carolina General Statutes § 50-16.11 because the Arkansas divorce decree, as the final
judgment, does not “deny[] alimony because none of the grounds specified in G.S. 50-16.12 exists.”
The North Carolina reimbursement order indicates that the basis of the order was Wife’s voluntary
dismissal of her North Carolina counterclaim, rather than the Arkansas divorce decree. The North
Carolina order indicates that Wife’s voluntary dismissal was the “final judgment. . .denying alimony
because none of the grounds specified in G.S. 50-16.2 exists.” See Riviere v. Riviere, 517 S.E.2d
673, 675-676 (N.C. Ct. App. 1999) (rejecting defendant wife’s argument that “a voluntary dismissal
was not a final judgment since there was no determination of whether any of the fault grounds stated
in North Carolina General Statutes section 50-16 existed”). The fact that Wife’s voluntary dismissal
of her counterclaim was the basis for the reimbursement order does not indicate that the North
Carolina court lacked subject matter jurisdiction.

       Wife next argues that the North Carolina judgment violated Tennessee public policy in that
“Tennessee has no public policy allowing for reimbursement of alimony pendente lite under such
circumstances as exist in this case.” An analogous situation was presented in Francis v. Francis,
945 S.W.2d 752 (Tenn. Ct. App.1996). In Francis, the Court addressed whether a Tennessee court
should enforce a North Carolina judgment based on the common law tort of alienation of affections,


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a tort which had been abolished in Tennessee by both the Tennessee General Assembly and the
Tennessee Supreme Court. Francis, 945 S.W.2d at 753. Citing the case of Hotel Ramada of
Nevada, Inc. v. Thakkar, 1991 WL 135471 (Tenn. Ct. App. July 25, 1991) (holding that a foreign
judgment to enforce gambling debts was entitled to full faith and credit in Tennessee), the Francis
Court held:

       While there is a clear difference between the substantive laws of Tenneessee and
       North Carolina, there was no expression of a public policy by either the legislature
       or the Supreme Court, in the act or case abolishing the cause of action, proscribing
       the enforcement of a sister state’s judgment based on this tort...Accordingly, we
       conclude: the mere fact that this jurisdiction has abolished the cause of action based
       upon alienation of affections is not a basis to deny full faith and credit to a judgment
       of a sister state based upon that cause of action.

Francis, 945 S.W.2d at 753 (citations omitted). See also Four Seasons Gardening & Landscaping,
Inc., 688 S.W.2d at 445 (“[T]he judgment of the court of another state does not necessarily violate
the public policy of this State merely because the law upon which it is based is different from our
law.”). Tennessee does not have similar procedure for reimbursing pendente lite alimony. However,
we cannot conclude that the North Carolina statute is repugnant to Tennessee public policy.

        Wife argues that enforcing the foreign judgment would cause Wife to become a public charge
as a result of the parties’ divorce and that this is contrary to Tennessee public policy. See Cary v.
Cary, 937 S.W.2d 777, 782 (Tenn. 1996) (holding that a provision in an antenuptial agreement
waiving alimony is not void as contrary to Tennessee public policy unless enforcement of the
provision would render the waiving spouse a public charge). The record in this case includes no
evidence to support Wife’s assertion. This argument is without merit.

        Wife next contends that Husband “has been less than candid with the North Carolina Court”
and, thus, he should be barred from enrolling the North Carolina judgment based on the doctrine of
“unclean hands.” This argument may have been pertinent had Wife chosen to appear before the
North Carolina trial court or appeal the judgment in North Carolina. However, Wife chose not to
do so. This argument is simply not pertinent to whether the Tennessee court should give full faith
and credit to the North Carolina judgment. While the North Carolina judgment in this case seems
harsh and even unfair, we are constrained to conclude that the trial court did not err in according full
faith and credit to the North Carolina judgment.

       Lastly, Husband requests attorney’s fees, asserting that “the issues raised in this appeal are
without merit.” This request is denied.

       The decision of the trial court is affirmed. Costs of this appeal are taxed to the appellant,
Lorraine Burton Spiers Marcus, and her surety, for which execution may issue, if necessary.



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      ___________________________________
      HOLLY KIRBY LILLARD, JUDGE




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