                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                              AT NASHVILLE
                             Assigned on Briefs August 14, 2012

            IN THE MATTER OF MELANIE T., BAILEY T., AND MILES R.1

                     Appeal from the Juvenile Court for Coffee County
                        No. 07J1589     Timothy R. Brock, Judge


                No. M2012-00152-COA-R3-PT - Filed September 21, 2012


Father, who was previously found to have committed severe abuse against his two children,
appeals the finding that termination of his parental rights to his biological son was in the
son’s best interest. Finding no error, we affirm the termination of his rights.

  Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Juvenile Court Affirmed

R ICHARD H. D INKINS, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which F RANK G. C LEMENT,
J R. and A NDY D. B ENNETT, JJ., joined.

Christopher Brent Keeton, Manchester, Tennessee, for the Appellant, Jason R.

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter, and Alexander S. Rieger, Assistant
Attorney General, for the Appellee, Tennessee Department of Children’s Services.

                                              OPINION

       This appeal arises out of a dependency and neglect proceeding which was previously
before this court; in that appeal we affirmed a finding of the Coffee County Circuit Court that
Jason R., the Appellant in this proceeding, severely abused two of his stepchildren and that,
as a consequence, the stepchildren as well as his biological child, Miles R., were dependent
and neglected. In re Melanie T., 352 S.W.3d 687 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2011), perm. app. denied
Tenn. Aug. 24, 2011). While the dependency and neglect action was pending, the
Department of Children Services (“DCS”) filed a petition in Coffee County Juvenile Court
seeking to terminate Jason R.’s parental rights to Miles on the ground of severe abuse, Tenn.
Code Ann. § 36-1-113(g)(4). A hearing was held on the termination petition on December


        1
           This Court has a policy of protecting the identity of children in parental termination cases by
initializing the last names of the parties.
12, 2011; on February 2, 2012, the court issued a Final Decree finding that the termination
of Jason R.’s parental rights was in Miles’ best interest and terminating those rights. Jason
R. appeals, asserting that the trial court erred in finding that there was clear and convincing
evidence that termination of his parental rights was in Miles’ best interest.

                                       Standard of Review

       Parental termination proceedings are governed by statute in Tennessee. See Tenn.
Code Ann. § 36-1-113. A party seeking to terminate the parental rights of a biological parent
must prove at least one of the statutory grounds for termination by clear and convincing
evidence. Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-1-113(c)(1); In re D.L.B., 118 S.W.3d 360, 366-67 (Tenn.
2003); In re Valentine, 79 S.W.3d 539, 546 (Tenn. 2002). Secondly, the party must prove,
also by clear and convincing evidence, that termination of the parental rights of the biological
parent is in the child’s best interest. Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-1-113(c)(2).

        Because of the fundamental nature of the parent’s rights and the grave consequences
of the termination of those rights, courts must require a higher standard of proof in deciding
termination cases. Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 766-69 (1982); In re M.W.A., Jr., 980
S.W.2d 620, 622 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1998). Thus, both the grounds for termination and the best
interest inquiry must be established by clear and convincing evidence. Tenn. Code Ann. §
36-3-113(c); In re Valentine, 79 S.W.3d at 546. Clear and convincing evidence “establishes
that the truth of the facts asserted is highly probable, and eliminates any serious or substantial
doubt about the correctness of the conclusions drawn from the evidence.” In re M.J.B., 140
S.W.3d 643, 653 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2004) (citation omitted). Such evidence “produces in a
fact-finder’s mind a firm belief or conviction regarding the truth of the facts sought to be
established.” Id. at 653. In light of the heightened standard of proof in these cases, a
reviewing court must adapt the customary standard of review set forth by Tenn. R. App. P.
13(d). Id. at 654. As to the court’s findings of fact, our review is de novo with a
presumption of correctness unless the evidence preponderates otherwise, in accordance with
Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d). Id. We must then determine whether the facts, as found by the trial
court or as supported by the preponderance of the evidence, clearly and convincingly
establish the elements necessary to terminate parental rights. Id.

                                              Discussion

        Our legislature has set out a list of factors at Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-1-113(i) for the
courts to follow in determining the child’s best interest.2 The list of factors is not exhaustive,


       2
           The factors at Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-1-113(i) are:
                                                                                      (continued...)

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and the statute does not require every factor to appear before a court can find that termination
is in a child’s best interest. See In re S.L.A., 223 S.W.3d 295, 301 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2006)
(citing Tenn. Dep’t of Children’s Servs. v. T.S.W., No. M2001-01735-COA-R3-CV, 2002
WL 970434, at *3 (Tenn. Ct. App. May 10, 2002); In re I.C.G., No. E2006-00746-COA-R3-
PT, 2006 WL 3077510, at *4 (Tenn. Ct. App. Oct. 31, 2006)).

       In the Final Decree entered February 2, 2012, the court stated the following with
respect to Miles’ best interest:

              a. T.C.A. 36-1-113(i)(1): [Jason R.] has failed to make a fundamental
       adjustment in his circumstances and conduct so as to make it safe and in the
       child’s best interest to return custody to his father. [Jason R.] was adjudicated
       to have committed severe abuse on Miles’ half-sisters . . . . The judgment of
       the Coffee County Circuit Court in Case number 125J, found by clear and
       convincing evidence that [Jason R.] “intentionally touched . . . for the purpose
       of sexual arousal.” And further found that [Jason R.] has picked the children
       up by the head, yelled in their face, slammed them into the wall, hit them with


       2
           (...continued)
       (1) Whether the parent or guardian has made such an adjustment of circumstance, conduct,
       or conditions as to make it safe and in the child’s best interest to be in the home of the
       parent or guardian;
       (2) Whether the parent or guardian has failed to effect a lasting adjustment after reasonable
       efforts by available social services agencies for such duration of time that lasting adjustment
       does not reasonably appear possible;
       (3) Whether the parent or guardian has maintained regular visitation or other contact with
       the child;
       (4) Whether a meaningful relationship has otherwise been established between the parent
       or guardian and the child;
       (5) The effect a change of caretakers and physical environment is likely to have on the
       child’s emotional, psychological and medical condition;
       (6) Whether the parent or guardian, or other person residing with the parent or guardian, has
       shown brutality, physical, sexual, emotional or psychological abuse, or neglect toward the
       child, or another child or adult in the family or household;
       (7) Whether the physical environment of the parent’s or guardian’s home is healthy and safe,
       whether there is criminal activity in the home, or whether there is such use of alcohol or
       controlled substances or controlled substance analogues as may render the parent or
       guardian consistently unable to care for the child in a safe and stable manner;
       (8) Whether the parent’s or guardian’s mental and/or emotional status would be detrimental
       to the child or prevent the parent or guardian from effectively providing safe and stable care
       and supervision for the child; or
       (9) Whether the parent or guardian has paid child support consistent with the child support
       guidelines promulgated by the department pursuant to § 36-5-101.

                                                    -3-
      a belt and committed acts of violence against [Jason R.’s wife]. [Jason R.]
      denied that this has happened and indicated that he had not attended
      counseling to address this and that he felt there was no problem with the
      reunification with his child despite the finding of the court.
                The court is bound to accept the finding of severe abuse made by the
      Circuit Court. Accordingly, in the absence of any evidence of rehabilitation,
      the court finds that there has not been any adjustment of circumstances on
      [Jason R.’s] part to make the return of the child to him safe or in the child’s
      best interest. [The psychologist] testified that given the severe abuse history,
      [Jason R.] would have to undergo significant treatment to prevent further
      problems but that the initial step that must be taken is acknowledgment that the
      abuse occurred. [Jason R.], at the time of trial, firmly denied he did anything
      inappropriate to Miles’ sisters. At the time of trial, [Jason R.] has only
      attended an anger management program and he ceased, on his own accord, to
      attend the counseling that DCS had arranged for him.
                b. T.C.A. 36-1-113(i)(5): The court finds that a change of caretakers
      for Miles would have a devastating impact on the child. The child’s therapist,
      . . . testified that five year old Miles has a significant separation anxiety which
      is exacerbated by separation from his foster parents and that the child exhibits
      symptoms of bed-wetting and daytime self-wetting and encopresis associated
      with visits from his father. Although this has improved over time, the father’s
      current contact with the child has been supervised and limited to two-hour
      weekly visits. The child has a strong bond with his foster parents and
      changing caretakers would separate Miles from both his siblings and another
      child in the home to which the child has a strong bond.
                c. T.C.A. 36-1-113(i)(6): Both Respondents have abused children
      previously residing in the home with them.

        The court’s findings are fully supported by the testimony of the DCS case manager,
Miles’ counselor, Miles’ foster parent, and Jason R. There is no doubt that Miles has
significant emotional and developmental challenges emanating from events during his early
childhood with Jason R. Miles’ best interest is not served by Jason R.’s failure to
acknowledge those challenges, to assume responsibility for being the source of them, and
to commit himself to addressing them in a constructive manner, including continued
counseling. The evidence is clear and convincing that termination of Jason R.’s parental
rights is in accordance with the applicable law and in Miles’ best interest.




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                                     Conclusion

       For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Coffee County Juvenile Court is
affirmed.




                                               _________________________________
                                               RICHARD H. DINKINS, JUDGE




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