Filed 3/26/14 P. v. Hernandez CA4/1
                      NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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                    COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                  DIVISION ONE

                                           STATE OF CALIFORNIA



THE PEOPLE,                                                         D063803

         Plaintiff and Respondent,

         v.                                                         (Super. Ct. No. JCF29322)

GUILLERMO HERNANDEZ
CERVANTES,

         Defendant and Appellant.


         APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County, William D.

Lehman, Judge. Affirmed.

         Law Office of Patrick M. Ford, Patrick M. Ford, under appointment by the Court

of Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant.

         Kamala G. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant Attorney

General, Julie L. Garland, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Charles C. Ragland and

Parag Agrawal, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
                                              I.

                                     INTRODUCTION

       Defendant Guillermo Hernandez Cervantes appeals from a judgment of the trial

court entered after he pled no contest to one count of selling, transporting, or offering to

sell a controlled substance, in violation of Health and Safety Code section 11352,

subdivision (a).1

       Cervantes was arrested after police officers executed a search warrant that

authorized searches of his person, his car, and his home, based on information provided

to them by a confidential informant. On appeal, Cervantes contends that his trial counsel

rendered ineffective assistance by failing to investigate the reliability of the confidential

informant prior to recommending that Cervantes accept a plea bargain pursuant to which

Cervantes would enter a no contest plea and agree to a sentence of five years.

       We conclude that Cervantes's ineffective assistance of counsel claim is without

merit. We therefore affirm the judgment.




1      Further statutory references are to the Health and Safety Code unless otherwise
specified.

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                                             II.

                   FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

A.     Factual background 2

       On August 11, 2012, El Centro Police Officers C. Gustafson and James Thompson

executed a search warrant that authorized the search of Cervantes, his vehicle, and his

residence. The search warrant had been issued in conformance with People v. Hobbs

(1994) 7 Cal.4th 948, 972, in that the probable cause was established by statements made

by a confidential informant. Cervantes was present while the officers performed the

searches.

       In Cervantes's bedroom, officers found a cardboard box, in which they discovered

two digital scales, a used syringe, several razor blades, rubber bands, a glass pipe, and a

dark brown tar-like substance.

       Sergeant Sawyer3 searched Cervantes's cell phone and found several text

messages that indicated that Cervantes had sold controlled substances.

       Officers placed Cervantes under arrest. After officers informed Cervantes that he

would be subjected to a strip search at the jail, Cervantes retrieved a bag that contained

four small bindles of heroin from his buttocks.

       Cervantes told Officer Thompson that he would buy 12 grams of heroin at a time

and would keep two grams for himself. Cervantes would cut the remaining 10 grams

2      Because Cervantes pled guilty and there was no trial, these facts are taken from
the probation report.

3      Sergeant Sawyer's first name is not provided in the probation report.
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with Pepsi and sugar, and then sell the cut heroin. Cervantes said that he could make

between $100 and $600 per day selling heroin.

       Cervantes possessed 91.9 grams of cut heroin at the time of his arrest.

B.     Procedural background

       The Imperial County District Attorney filed an information charging Cervantes

with possession of a controlled substance for sale (§ 11351; count 1), and sale,

transportation, or offer to sell a controlled substance (§ 11352, subd. (a); count 2). The

information alleged that Cervantes had suffered a prior conviction for sale, transportation,

or offer to sell a controlled substance, with respect to both counts (§ 11370.2, subd. (a)).

       Approximately three months after the charging document was filed, Cervantes

pled no contest to count 2. Pursuant to a plea agreement, Cervantes was to receive a

sentence of five years, to be served in county jail, and the remaining charge and prior

conviction allegations would be dismissed.

       At a sentencing hearing in February 2013, Cervantes asked to be permitted to

withdraw his no contest plea and requested that the court conduct a Marsden4 hearing, in

order to replace his appointed counsel. At that hearing, Cervantes's attorney at the time,

Monica Lepe-Negrete, informed the court that Cervantes had been in contact with

another attorney, John Breeze, and that Cervantes wanted to retain Attorney Breeze. The

trial court agreed to continue the proceedings to allow Cervantes to retain Attorney

Breeze.



4      People v. Marsden (1970) 2 Cal.3d 118.
                                              4
       At a second Marsden hearing in March 2013, Cervantes informed the court that he

had been unable to retain Breeze, but still wished to relieve Attorney Lepe-Negrete as his

attorney. Cervantes said that he had not been aware of how much heroin he had been

charged with possessing. Cervantes indicated that he wanted to withdraw his plea, and

stated that "when [he] was talking to her [i.e. Attorney Lepe-Negrete]," he had been

"going through withdrawals" and "wasn't thinking right." Attorney Lepe-Negrete told the

court that she had gone over the entire police report with Cervantes, including the

information about the quantity of drugs found, and that Cervantes had recently stopped

speaking with her. The trial court relieved Lepe-Negrete as Cervantes's attorney.

       At a subsequent hearing, Cervantes was represented by Attorney Breeze. The

court had set the matter for sentencing, but at the hearing, Attorney Breeze moved to set

aside Cervantes's plea, based on ineffective assistance of counsel. The trial court denied

Cervantes's motion to set aside the plea, and pursuant to the plea agreement, sentenced

Cervantes to the upper term of five years in local custody.

       Cervantes filed a timely notice of appeal. The trial court granted Cervantes's

request for a certificate of probable cause.

                                               III.

                                       DISCUSSION

       Cervantes contends that his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance by failing

to investigate the reliability of the confidential informant who provided the statements on

which the search warrant was based. "An appellant claiming ineffective assistance of

counsel has the burden to show: (1) counsel's performance was deficient, falling below an

                                                5
objective standard of reasonableness under prevailing professional norms; and (2) the

deficient performance resulted in prejudice." (People v. Montoya (2007) 149

Cal.App.4th 1139, 1146–1147 (Montoya); Strickland v. Washington (1984) 466 U.S. 668,

687 (Strickland) [setting out two-pronged test for assessing ineffective assistance of

counsel claims as requiring showing of deficient performance and resultant prejudice].)

       "In determining whether counsel's performance was deficient, we exercise

deferential scrutiny. [Citations.] The appellant must affirmatively show counsel's

deficiency involved a crucial issue and cannot be explained on the basis of any

knowledgeable choice of tactics. [Citation.] [¶] Our Supreme Court recently reiterated

the obligations of appellate courts in reviewing claims of ineffective assistance of

counsel: ' " 'Reviewing courts defer to counsel's reasonable tactical decisions in

examining a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel [citation], and there is a "strong

presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the wide range of professional

assistance." ' [Citation.] '[W]e accord great deference to counsel's tactical decisions'

[citation], and we have explained that 'courts should not second-guess reasonable, if

difficult, tactical decisions in the harsh light of hindsight' [citation]. 'Tactical errors are

generally not deemed reversible, and counsel's decisionmaking must be evaluated in the

context of the available facts.' [Citation.]" ' [Citation.]" (Montoya, supra, 149

Cal.App.4th at p. 1147.) " 'Competent counsel is not required to make all conceivable

motions or to leave an exhaustive paper trail for the sake of the record. Rather,

competent counsel should realistically examine the case, the evidence, and the issues, and

pursue those avenues of defense that, to their best and reasonable professional judgment,

                                                6
seem appropriate under the circumstances. [Citation.]' [Citation.]" (Montoya, supra,

149 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1147–1148.)

       "To establish prejudice, '[t]he defendant must show that there is a reasonable

probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding

would have been different.' [Citations.] 'A reasonable probability is a probability

sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.' [Citation.] In demonstrating

prejudice, the appellant 'must carry his burden of proving prejudice as a "demonstrable

reality," not simply speculation as to the effect of the errors or omissions of counsel.'

[Citation.]" (Montoya, supra, 149 Cal.App.4th at p. 1147.)

       In the context of a guilty plea, the " ' "prejudice," requirement . . . focuses on

whether counsel's constitutionally ineffective performance affected the outcome of the

plea process. In other words, in order to satisfy the "prejudice" requirement, the

defendant must show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's errors,

he [or she] would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to trial.' "

(People v. Breslin (2012) 205 Cal.App.4th 1409, 1419 (Breslin), quoting Hill v. Lockhart

(1985) 474 U.S. 52, 59.)

       A court does not have to address both components of the ineffective assistance

inquiry if the defendant makes an insufficient showing on one. (Strickland, supra, 466

U.S. at p. 697.) Specifically, "a court need not determine whether counsel's performance

was deficient before examining the prejudice suffered by the defendant as a result of the

alleged deficiencies. . . . If it is easier to dispose of an ineffectiveness claim on the



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ground of lack of sufficient prejudice, which we expect will often be so, that course

should be followed." (Ibid.)

       Cervantes admits that he cannot establish that he was prejudiced by his counsel's

purportedly deficient performance, arguing that "it is difficult to establish prejudice for

the ineffective assistance of counsel claim . . . because no one can presently determine

whether a defense motion to quash or traverse would have been successful." We agree

with this assessment. The only evidence that Cervantes presents in support of his

position that he was prejudiced is his own self-serving declaration. In that declaration,

Cervantes claims, "If I had known that there was a basis for challenging the search of my

residence in this case, I would have told my counsel to go forward with that motion . . . ."

Cervantes does not contend that he would not have entered a no contest plea and agreed

to a five-year sentence if he had known that there was a basis for challenging the search.

       A defendant's self-serving declaration is insufficient on its own to establish a basis

for withdrawing a guilty plea on the ground of ineffective assistance of counsel (cf. In re

Alvernaz (1992) 2 Cal.4th 924, 938 [a defendant's self-serving statement that he or she

would have accepted a proffered plea bargain if provided competent advise must be

corroborated independently by objective evidence]). Further, Cervantes has made no

showing that the identity of the confidential information would have been helpful to him,

even if it had been revealed. Cervantes claims in his declaration only that he would have

sought to go forward with the motion to challenge the search warrant. Since there is no

showing that a challenge to the search warrant might have been successful, or that

Cervantes would not have agreed to enter a no contest plea if he had known there was a

                                              8
possibility of challenging the search warrant, Cervantes cannot establish that his

attorney's conduct affected the outcome of the plea process. (See Breslin, supra, 205

Cal.App.4th at p. 1419.)

       Because Cervantes cannot establish that he suffered prejudice from his counsel's

alleged failure to investigate the confidential informant, we need not address the other

element of his ineffective assistance of counsel claim. (See Strickland, supra, 466 U.S. at

p. 697.)5




5       Cervantes also would have had difficulty establishing the other prong of a claim of
ineffective assistance of counsel, i.e., that his first attorney's performance was deficient.
As the district attorney stated on the record in the trial court, defense counsel is not
required to filed a suppression motion each time the Hobbs procedure is used, and the
policy of the district attorney's office is to increase the terms of a plea offer if a motion to
traverse or quash a warrant is denied. The record does not demonstrate that Cervantes's
trial counsel did not consider this and/or weigh other considerations in deciding whether
to move to traverse the search warrant to seek the identity of the confidential informant.
Given the " 'strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the wide range of
reasonable professional assistance' [citation]" (People v. Vines (2011) 51 Cal.4th 830,
876), it is unlikely that Cervantes would have been able to meet his burden to
demonstrate that his counsel's performance was deficient.
                                               9
                                    IV.

                                DISPOSITION

    The judgment is affirmed.




                                              AARON, J.

WE CONCUR:



          McCONNELL, P. J.



               O'ROURKE, J.




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