[Cite as Cleveland v. Bryce Peters Fin. Corp., 2013-Ohio-3613.]




            Court of Appeals of Ohio
                                   EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                      COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

                            JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
 Nos. 98006, 98007, 98008, 98009, 98010, 98011, 98012, 98013, 98014, 98015, 98016, 98017,
                 98018, 98019, 98020, 98021, 98022, 98023, 98024, 98078,
                                 98079, 98163, and 98164

                                        CITY OF CLEVELAND

                                                            PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE

                                                      vs.

                               BRYCE PETERS FINANCIAL CORP.

                                                            DEFENDANT-APPELLANT




                                               JUDGMENT:
                                                AFFIRMED


                               Criminal Appeal from the
                               Cleveland Municipal Court
            Case Nos. 2009 CRB 042296, 2009 CRB 034825, 2009 CRB 034198,
        2009 CRB 041737, 2010 CRB 033117, 2009 CRB 034199, 2009 CRB 034200,
   2009 CRB022077, 2009 CRB 015353, 2010 CRB 005488, 2009 CRB 007511, 2008 CRB
  028553, 2009 CRB 013716, 2009 CRB 028376, 2009 CRB 007512, 2009 CRB 017481, 2009
  CRB 015354, 2009 CRB 034826, 2009 CRB 030883, 2009 CRB 017482, 2009 CRB 031358,
                                2008 CRB 040378, and
                                   2008 CRB 030445

             BEFORE:         Blackmon, J., Boyle, P.J., and Rocco, J.

             RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED:                       August 22, 2013
                                -i-


ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT

Larry W. Zukerman
Paul B. Daiker
S. Michael Lear
Brian A. Murray
Zuckerman, Daiker & Lear
3912 Prospect Avenue, East
Cleveland, Ohio 44115

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE

Barbara Langhenry
Director of Law

By: William H. Armstrong, Jr.
Katherine Zvomuya
Barbara A. Tamas
Assistant Directors of Law
City of Cleveland
601 Lakeside Avenue, Room 106
Cleveland, Ohio 44114
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, J.:

       {¶1}    In this consolidated appeal, appellant, Bryce Peters Financial Corp. (“Bryce

Peters”), appeals the trial court’s contempt finding and related financial sanctions. Bryce Peters

assigns eight errors for our review.1

       {¶2}    Having reviewed the record and pertinent law, we affirm the trial court’s decision.

 The apposite facts follow.

       {¶3}    Between July 2008 and December 2010, the city of Cleveland (“the City”) issued

multiple housing code violation notices regarding properties owned by Bryce Peters. The City’s

building and housing inspectors sent the notices to Bryce Peters indicating that the code

violations were of a nature that would require demolition or immediate repair. The notices gave

Bryce Peters 30 days from the issuance of the citations to correct the violations.

       {¶4}    After 30 days had elapsed, the City’s inspectors reinspected the properties and

found that the violations had not been corrected. Thereafter, the City issued citations for Bryce

Peters’ failure to comply with the order of the Director of Building and Housing.           These

citations resulted in 23 separate cases filed against Bryce Peters.

       {¶5}    The trial court scheduled arraignments in the respective cases and served the

summonses by certified mail to Bryce Peters’ address in Reno, Nevada, that were either signed

for or refused by Bryce Peters.     Bryce Peters failed to appear at any of the arraignments. After

successive failure to appear at the arraignments, the trial court continued the cases to its

corporate docket and sent out summonses, but Bryce Peters again failed to appear. The City’s



       1
        See appendix.
clerk of court entered “not guilty” pleas on behalf of Bryce Peters in the respective cases and

issued orders via regular U.S. mail to appear for trial. Bryce Peters failed to appear.

        {¶6}       As a result of Bryce Peters’ failure to appear, the trial court scheduled show-cause

hearings in the respective cases.      The trial court notified Bryce Peters via regular U.S. mail that

sanctions for contempt may include per diem fines. Bryce Peters failed to appear at any of the

show-cause hearings, the trial court found it in contempt, and issued per diem fines of $1,000,

beginning on the day following the date he was ordered to appear, until such time as Bryce Peters

made an appearance or entered a plea.

        {¶7}       Thereafter, the trial court scheduled status hearings approximately every 45 days,

but Bryce Peters failed to attend.      At each status hearing, the trial court converted the accrued

per diem fines from the date of the previous status hearing, in the respective cases, to civil

judgments for collections. After more than a year had elapsed since Bryce Peters was found in

contempt, the trial court ceased scheduling status hearings.

        {¶8}       Eventually, the trial court issued an order for Bryce Peters to be re-summoned by

bailiff service.      On February 3, 2012, the housing court obtained personal service on Bryce

Peters. On February 7, 2012, a representative of Bryce Peters appeared and entered not guilty

pleas in the 23 underlying cases.

        {¶9} On February 23, 2012, Bryce Peters filed notices of appeal relative to the contempt

findings in the respective cases. We dismissed the appeals as untimely, but Bryce Peters filed an

application for reconsideration, which we granted, and reinstated the appeal. On April 26, 2012,

we consolidated the 23 separate cases for briefing, hearing, and disposition.

                                           Contempt Finding
         {¶10} Where appropriate, because of its interrelatedness, we will address Bryce Peters’

assigned errors together.

         {¶11} Preliminarily, an appellate court’s standard of review of a trial court’s contempt

finding is abuse of discretion. Cattaneo v. Needham, 5th Dist. Licking No. 2009 CA00142,

2010-Ohio-4841, citing State ex rel., Celebrezze v. Gibbs, 60 Ohio St.3d 69, 573 N.E.2d 62

(1991). An “abuse of discretion” connotes that the court’s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary, or

unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983);

Booth v. Booth, 44 Ohio St.3d 142, 144, 541 N.E.2d 1028 (1989).

         {¶12} In the instant case, as previously noted, Bryce Peters had been summoned to appear

in court in reference to numerous housing code violations, spanning multiple properties, and

resulting in 23 separate cases filed against the corporate entity.   When Bryce Peters failed to

appear at the arraignment, the trial court placed the cases on its corporate docket, ordered Bryce

Peters to appear, but to no avail.

         {¶13} The trial court then ordered Bryce Peters to appear to show cause why it should not

be held in contempt, but Bryce Peters was still unresponsive. Ultimately, the trial court found

Bryce Peters in contempt, issued a per diem fine of $1,000, in each case, for every day that the

corporation remained in contempt. After the trial court found Bryce Peters in contempt and began

assessing the per diem fines, a corporate representative appeared, resulting in the cessation of the

fines.

         {¶14}   Not long ago, we addressed substantially identical issues in Cleveland v.

Paramount Land Holdings, LLC, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 96180, 96181, 96182, and 96183,

2011-Ohio-5382. In Paramount, numerous health code violations were found at multiple

properties of the owner.     Because the owner failed to appear, a contempt finding was entered
and daily accumulated fines were converted into a judgment against the owner. Later, the owner

appeared in court, entered pleas of no contest in the respective cases, was found guilty, and fined.

  Thereafter, the owner filed motions to vacate the fines relating to the contempt findings. The

trial court denied the motions and the owner appealed.

       {¶15} On appeal, we found that, as a result of the owner’s repeated failure to appear, the

trial court had no alternative but to find the owner in civil contempt and begin assessing a daily

contempt fine, per property, in an effort to compel the owner’s attendance. When the owner

appeared in court, the trial court discontinued the daily fine. In Paramount, we held that the

immediate abandonment of the daily fines was conclusive evidence that its purpose was to coerce

the owner’s attendance and not to punish the owner for a completed act. We find our reasoning in

Paramount instructive.

       {¶16} In the third and fifth assigned errors, Bryce Peters argues the trial court abused its

discretion by issuing show-cause or contempt citations and ultimately finding the corporation in

indirect contempt.

       {¶17} In the instant case, both parties agree that the trial court found Bryce Peters in

indirect contempt.     Indirect contempt is “misbehavior that occurs outside the actual or

constructive presence of the court.”       Pirtle v. Pirtle, 2d Dist Montgomery No. 18613,

2001-Ohio-1539.       However, they disagree on whether the contempt was civil or criminal.

Bryce Peters argues the contempt was criminal and thus, it was entitled to a hearing. The City

agrees that under the law, criminal contempt would require a hearing, but it maintains that the

contempt was civil.

       {¶18} Courts classify contempt as criminal or civil, depending upon the purpose of the

sanction imposed. Camp-Out, Inc. v. Adkins, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-06-057, 2007-Ohio-3946;
see also R.C. 2705.01(A). Sanctions for criminal contempt are punitive, rather than coercive, in

nature, and are aimed at vindicating the authority of the court. Id. Criminal contempt sanctions

are

          {¶19} imposed as “punishment for the completed act of disobedience” and usually consist

of fines and/or an unconditional period of incarceration. McCall v. Cunard, 6th Dist. Sandusky

No. S-07-013, 2008-Ohio-378, citing In re Purola, 73 Ohio App.3d 306, 596 N.E.2d 1140

(1991).

          {¶20} A sanction imposed for civil contempt, on the other hand, is remedial or coercive

in nature and is imposed for the benefit of the complainant. Id., citing Carroll v. Detty, 113 Ohio

App.3d 708, 711, 681 N.E.2d 1383 (4th Dist.1996). Any sanction imposed for civil contempt

must afford the contemnor the right to purge himself of the contempt. DeLawder v. Dodson, 4th

Dist. Lawrence No. 02CA27, 2003-Ohio-2092, ¶ 10.

          {¶21} Here, the record establishes that the trial court found Bryce Peters in indirect civil

contempt. The contempt was civil because the trial court’s sanctions were designed to coerce

Bryce Peters to appear. Bryce Peters’ assertion that it was inherently punitive and therefore

criminal is simply inaccurate. Punishment is inherent in contempt. In re J.M., 12th Dist. Warren

No. CA2008-01-004, 2008-Ohio-6763, ¶ 47. The fact that a contempt finding may result in

punishment does not necessarily define it as criminal contempt. The discussion below will

reveal that coercion was the main focus of the trial court’s decision.

          {¶22} At the outset, we note that Bryce Peters was duly served with the summonses and

the complaints by certified mail for all 23 cases, that was signed for in the majority of instances

by one of its agents, but failed to appear for the arraignments. After Bryce Peters failed to
appear at the arraignments for the respective cases, the trial court placed the cases on its

corporate docket and sent out notices by regular U.S. mail.   Bryce Peters failed to appear.

       {¶23} Finding Bryce Peters unresponsive, the trial court scheduled show-cause hearings

for Bryce Peters to appear and present evidence why it should not be held in contempt for its

repeated failure to appear.   However, this too fell short of motivating Bryce Peters to appear at

the show-cause hearing, despite being duly notified.

       {¶24} It was at this stage that the trial court resorted to finding Bryce Peters in contempt

and began assessing the daily fines to coerce its appearance. After more than a year of the trial

court’s assessment of the daily fines in the respective cases, Bryce Peters entered an appearance.

Once Bryce Peters appeared, the trial court immediately discontinued the daily fines.

       {¶25} Despite Bryce Peters’ argument to the contrary, the trial court’s decision to find it

in civil contempt and begin assessing a daily contempt fine of $1,000 per day for each case, was

geared towards compelling the corporate entity’s attendance.        We conclude, as we did in

Paramount, that the immediate cessation of the daily fines is conclusive evidence that its purpose

was to coerce Bryce Peters’ attendance and not to punish it for a completed act.

       {¶26} Nonetheless, specifically, within the fifth assigned error, Bryce Peters argues that

there is no evidence that the company acted intentionally in failing to appear.      However, we

have previously held that a violation of a court order need not be willful to constitute civil

contempt. Kurincic v. Kurincic, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 76505, 2000 Ohio App. LEXIS 3957

(Aug. 31, 2000).

       {¶27} Further, because the purpose of sanctions in a case of civil contempt is to compel

the contemnor to comply with lawful orders of a court, the fact that the contemnor may not have

acted in intentional disregard of a court order is not a defense to a charge of civil contempt.
Watson v. Wolsonovich, 112 Ohio App.3d 565, 569, 679 N.E.2d 350 (7th Dist.1996). As such,

we find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s decision.   Accordingly, we overrule the third

and fifth assigned errors.

                                           Jurisdiction

        {¶28} In the first and second assigned errors, Bryce Peters argues he was not properly

served with the show-cause orders or contempt citations, thus, the trial court lacked jurisdiction.

Specifically, Bryce Peters argues the contempt proceeding was an independent proceeding and

the trial court should have also served notices by certified mail or should have issued a warrant to

effect its attendance.

        {¶29} In the discussion of the third and fifth assigned errors, we concluded that the trial

court found Bryce Peters in civil contempt. Where contempt is civil in nature, the civil rules

regarding notice apply. Home S&L Co. v. Midway Marine, Inc., 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 10 MA

109, 2012-Ohio-2432, citing Bierce v. Howell, 5th Dist. Delaware No. 06 CAF 05 0032,

2007-Ohio-3050. Civ.R. 5 governs service of papers subsequent to the original complaint.

Scarnecchia v. Rebhan, 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 05 MA 213, 2006-Ohio-7053.

        {¶30} Under Civ.R. 5(B), subsequent to successful service of the complaint, service by

mail is complete upon mailing.     Home S&L Co., supra. No return of service is required under

the civil rules, under the contempt statute, or under case law. Id.         Contrary to Bryce Peters’

assertion, no Ohio court has held that personal service is required to perfect a contempt motion,

unless personal service is ordered by the court pursuant to Civ.R. 5. Id.

        {¶31} Further, there is no specified manner of process required for the filing of a motion

for civil contempt, a person serving such a motion may do so in any manner authorized by the

Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure.          In re I.U., 2d Dist. Champaign No. 2007 CA 9,
2007-Ohio-6264, citing Quisenberry v. Quisenberry, 91 Ohio App.3d 341, 346, 632 N.E.2d 916

(2d Dist.1993).

       {¶32} In the instant case, the record reveals that Bryce Peters was duly served with the

summonses and complaints for the 23 cases that resulted from the multitude of code violations in

and about its numerous properties. Given that the show-cause orders or contempt citations were

services of papers subsequent to the original complaint, pursuant to Civ.R. 5, these could be

served by ordinary mail. This is exactly what happened in the instant case. As such, the trial

court did not lack jurisdiction as Bryce Peters has asserted.

       {¶33} Further, regarding the notion that the trial court should have issued a warrant, we

note, pursuant to R.C. 2941.47, the trial court could not issue a warrant to secure the

corporation’s appearance. As such, there was no abuse of discretion. Accordingly, we overrule

the first and second assigned errors.

                                         Trial in Absentia

       {¶34} In the fourth assigned error, Bryce Peters argues the trial court abused its discretion

by trying, convicting, and sentencing it in absentia. In support of its contention, Bryce Peters

cites our decision in Cleveland v. Washington Mut. Bank, 179 Ohio App.3d 692,

2008-Ohio-6956, 903 N.E.2d 384, vacating the conviction from a trial that was held in absentia.

 That decision was affirmed by the Ohio Supreme Court in Cleveland v. Washington. Mut. Bank,

125 Ohio St.3d 541, 2010-Ohio-2219, 929 N.E.2d 1039.

       {¶35} However, unlike Washington Mut., where the trial of the underlying criminal

matter was held in absentia, only the contempt findings took place outside Bryce Peters’

presence. The contempt findings took place in “absentia” because Bryce Peters chose not to

appear. Thus, the instant case is distinguishable from Washington Mut.
       {¶36} Among the rights afforded to both civil and criminal contemnors are notice and

an opportunity of a hearing on the matter.           Bierce, Delaware No. 06 CAF 05 0032,

2007-Ohio-3050, citing Adams v. Epperly, 27 Ohio App.3d 51, 499 N.E.2d 374 (9th Dist.1985).

In a criminal contempt, unlike in a civil contempt, the alleged contemnor must not only have the

opportunity to be present, he must also actually be present at the criminal contempt hearing. Id.

       {¶37} In a civil contempt, unlike criminal, an alleged contemnor is entitled only to those

rights afforded in a civil action. Id., citing Schrader v. Huff, 8 Ohio App.3d 111, 456 N.E.2d

587 (9th Dist.1983). Given that this was an indirect civil contempt proceeding, Bryce Peters

was only entitled to notice and an opportunity to be heard. The trial court provided said notice,

but Bryce Peters failed to appear.

       {¶38} Thus, contrary to Bryce Peters’ assertion, an alleged contemnor in a civil contempt

action may be tried in absentia if he or she was provided appropriate notice and an opportunity to

be heard.   Accordingly, we overrule the fourth assigned error.

                                         Excessive Fines

       {¶39}    In the sixth assigned error, Bryce Peters argues the contempt fines assessed

violated its right to be free excessive fines and punishment as guaranteed by the Eighth

Amendment to the United States Constitution.

       {¶40} As we have previously discussed, the trial court found Bryce Peters in indirect civil

contempt.    The excessive fines clause of the Eighth Amendment does not apply to civil

contempt sanctions. Ohio Elections Comm. v. Ohio Chamber of Commerce & Citizens for a

Strong Ohio, 158 Ohio App.3d 557, 2004-Ohio-5253, 817 N.E.2d 447 (10th Dist.), citing In re

Grand Jury Proceedings (7th Cir. 2002), 280 F.3d 1103, 1110 (“a fine assessed for civil

contempt does not implicate the Excessive Fines Clause”). See also United States v. Mongelli (2d
Cir. 1993), 2 F.3d 29, 30; Spallone v. United States, 487 U.S. 1251, 1257, 109 S.Ct. 14, 109

S.Ct. 20, 101 L.Ed.2d 964 (1988).

       {¶41} Here, given the civil nature of the contempt proceeding, the Excessive Fines

Clause of the Eighth Amendment does not apply. Paramount at ¶ 2. Accordingly, we

overrule the sixth assigned error.

                             Opportunity to Purge Civil Contempt

       {¶42} In the seventh assigned error, Bryce Peters argues the trial court failed to provide it

with an opportunity to purge the contempt.

       {¶43} A sanction for civil contempt must allow the contemnor to purge himself of the

contempt. Coventry Grp., Inc. v. J.L. Gottlieb Agency, Inc., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 94185,

2010-Ohio-4135, citing Tucker v. Tucker, 10 Ohio App.3d 251, 461 N.E.2d 1337 (10th

Dist.1983).

       {¶44} In the instant case, the opportunity to purge the contempt involved the simple act of

appearing in court. The record reveals that when Bryce Peters finally appeared in court, the trial

court immediately terminated the per diem fines on the respective cases. Because Bryce Peters

was given the opportunity to purge its contempt by appearing in court and the fines stopped the

moment an appearance was entered, we find no abuse of discretion. Paramount at ¶ 17.

       {¶45} Nonetheless, Bryce Peters argues the company was not given the opportunity to

purge because the accumulated per diem fines remained after it made an appearance. We are not

persuaded. If the contempt fines were wiped clean, once the contemnor appeared in court, there

would be no incentive for the offending party to hastily appear to stop the accumulating fines.

Wiping the fines clean as Bryce Peters urges, would render the coercive intent of civil contempt
toothless.   Without this contempt power in the court, any summoned party could obstruct the

administration of justice and impede the operation of the entire judicial system.

       {¶46} We conclude that finding Bryce Peters in indirect civil contempt was geared to

coerce its attendance and the accumulating per diem fines served to get the company’s attention.

 An individual charged with civil contempt purges himself or herself of the contempt by

appearing before the court and demonstrating compliance with the court’s order. Purola, supra,

73 Ohio App.3d at 311. This is all that is required and exactly what happened in the instant

case. Consequently, we find no abuse of discretion.          Accordingly, we overrule the seventh

assigned error.



                                Failure to Issue Written Charges

       {¶47} In the eighth assigned error, Bryce Peters argues the trial court abused its discretion

by failing to properly issue written charges.

       {¶48} R.C. 2705.05(A) prescribes sanctions for contempt violations, but courts are not

required to follow it. Copley Twp. Bd. of Trustees v. W. J. Horvath Co., 193 Ohio App.3d 286,

2011-Ohio-1214, 951 N.E.2d 1054 (9th Dist.).            The Ohio Supreme Court has held that,

“[a]lthough * * * the General Assembly may prescribe procedure in indirect contempt cases, the

power to punish for contempt has traditionally been regarded as inherent in the courts and not

subject to legislative control.” Id., quoting Cincinnati v. Cincinnati Dist. Council 51, 35 Ohio

St.2d 197, 207, 299 N.E.2d 686 (1973).

       {¶49} In the instant case, the trial court’s notice stated in pertinent part as follows:

       Defendant having failed to appear, a representative of the defendant is

       ORDERED to appear before this Court * * * to show cause why the
       defendant, or one of its representatives, should not be punished for criminal

       or civil contempt of court.        As a corporation, the defendant is hereby

       advised that it must be represented by counsel in order to appear. At the

       contempt proceedings, the defendant may obtain the presence of witnesses in

       its own behalf by compulsory process if necessary and may cross-examine the

       witnesses against it. Contempt must be proven by clear and convincing

       evidence (civil contempt) or beyond a reasonable doubt (criminal contempt).

       Sanctions for contempt may include a per diem fine, or such other relief as

       the court deems appropriate.

       {¶50} Despite Bryce Peters’ assertions, the above notice sufficiently apprised it that civil

or criminal contempt charges could be brought against it; that as a corporation, it had to be

represented by counsel, explained its rights regarding calling witnesses and cross-examining

witnesses against it, and outlined the standard of proof. As a result of Bryce Peters’ repeated

failure to appear, the trial court had no alternative but to find it in civil contempt and begin

assessing a daily contempt fine of $1,000 per property in an effort to compel its attendance.   As

such, we find no abuse of discretion. Accordingly, we overrule the eighth assigned error.

       {¶51} Judgment affirmed.

       It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant its costs herein taxed.

       The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to Cleveland Municipal Court to carry this

judgment into execution.

       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute

the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, JUDGE
MARY J. BOYLE, P.J., CONCURS;
KENNETH A. ROCCO, J., DISSENTS
(SEE ATTACHED DISSENTING OPINION.)


KENNETH A. ROCCO, J., DISSENTING:

       {¶52} Although I agree with the majority’s determination that this case involves charges

of indirect, civil contempt, I would reverse on the basis that Bryce Peters was not properly served

with notice of the contempt charges.

       {¶53} When one is accused of indirect, civil contempt, due process requires that the

accused is provided with adequate notice of the charges against him or her. Sansom v. Sansom,

10th Dist. Franklin No. 05AP-645, 2006-Ohio-3909,

¶ 26. “Notice is sufficient when it apprises an alleged contemnor of the charges * * * so that he

or she is able to prepare a defense.”    Id. at ¶ 27. Without proper notice, a later contempt

finding is invalid. Id. Notice is effectuated by proper service of process, which is determined

on a case-by-case basis.      Tube City, Inc. v. Halishak, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 88287,

2007-Ohio-2118, ¶ 19.

       {¶54} The issue in this case comes down to which civil rule regarding service of process

applies. Bryce Peters was served with notices of the contempt charges and the impending

contempt hearings by regular mail.      If Civ.R. 5 applies, then service by regular mail was

sufficient, and Bryce Peters received adequate notice of the contempt charges. But if Civ.R. 4.3

applies, then Bryce Peters did not receive adequate notice, because, as an out-of-state

corporation, it was entitled to receive notice via certified mail or personal service. I would hold

that when contempt charges are levied against an out-of-state party, that party must be served

with notice of the contempt charges in conformance with Civ.R. 4.3(B).
       {¶55} A contempt proceeding is “essentially a new and independent proceeding.” Ohio

Patrolman’s Benevolent Assn. v. Cuyahoga Cty. Sheriff, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 82238,

2003-Ohio-4349, ¶ 11.       While the contempt proceeding is related to the original case, it

involves new issues.     Hansen v. Hansen, 132 Ohio App.3d 795, 799, 726 N.E.2d 557 (1st

Dist.1999), citing 17 Corpus Juris Secundum (1963) 159-160, Contempt, Section 62(6). One of

those issues is often whether the party had notice of the pendency of the original case.

       {¶56} This conundrum is highlighted in the instant case: the question as to whether

Bryce Peters had knowledge about the underlying charges was the very subject of the contempt

proceedings. There was no evidence in the record that Bryce Peters had knowledge of the court

dates that had been set forth in the original summonses, and this issue went to the very heart of

the contempt charges.

       {¶57} For this reason, the majority’s reliance on Home S&L Co. v. Midway Marine, Inc.,

7th Dist. Mahoning No. 10 MA 109, 2012-Ohio-2432, is misplaced. In Home S&L, the Seventh

District concluded that Civ.R. 5(B) applied to the contempt motion, but in that case the defendant

had already appeared in the action. Because of the defendant’s active participation in the case,

there was no question that he was aware of the underlying proceedings. Unlike the instant case,

the defendant’s awareness of the underlying action was not the subject of the contempt

proceedings.    Furthermore, the contempt motion was served on the defendant and on his

attorney by both regular and certified mail.     In contrast, in the instant case, Bryce Peters had

never even entered an appearance in any of the underlying cases, and service was attempted only

by regular mail.2


       2
         In another case cited by the majority, the Second District concluded that Civ.R. 5(B) applied,
but the court also noted that the original motion for contempt was personally served on the alleged
       {¶58} Finally, to the extent that this case presents a close question, I am surprised that the

City, in an abundance of caution, did not instruct the clerk’s office to perfect service via certified

mail or personal service. As noted in the majority opinion, there were 23 separate cases filed

against Bryce Peters. There is no doubt that a fair amount of City resources were used in

investigating these cases and in bringing these actions before the trial court.       It would seem

prudent under these circumstances to take every measure to ensure that Bryce Peters received

adequate notice.

       {¶59} Because a contempt proceeding is an independent proceeding, because Bryce

Peters had not entered an appearance or otherwise acted in a manner indicating awareness about

the underlying charges against it, and because the question as to whether Bryce Peters knew

about the underlying matter was the very subject of the contempt charges, I would hold that the

court was required to serve notice of the contempt charges in a manner consistent with Civ.R.

4.3. Because Bryce Peters was not served personally or by certified mail, Bryce Peters was not

properly notified about the contempt charges. Accordingly, Bryce Peters could not reasonably

be expected to appear and to present a defense to the contempt charges. Because the majority

holds otherwise, I respectfully dissent.




contemnor.    Quisenberry v. Quisenberry,      91 Ohio App.3d 341, 346, 632 N.E.2d 916 (2d
Dist.1993).
                                       APPENDIX

Assignments of Error

      I. The trial court abused its discretion and erred to the prejudice of
      defendant-appellant by failing to properly serve defendant-appellant with
      notice of the orders to appear and show cause and/or the charges of
      contempt, and therefore violated defendant-appellant’s state and federal
      constitutional rights to due process of law.

      II. The trial court abused its discretion and erred to the prejudice of
      appellant by issuing a “show-cause” order and/or a contempt citation prior
      to obtaining personal jurisdiction over the appellant. As such, the trial
      court lacked subject matter and/or personal jurisdiction over the contempt
      citations. (App. Case Nos.: CA 12 098079; CA 12 098015; CA 12 098009).

      III. The trial court abused its discretion and erred to the prejudice of
      appellant by issuing a “show-cause” order and/or a contempt citation in
      response to appellant’s failure to appear in response to summons and/or the
      court abused its discretion and/or the court abused its discretion and erred to
      the prejudice of appellant by issuing “show-cause” orders, finding appellant
      guilty of contempt of court for failing to appear in response to summonses
      and/or court orders to appear herein, and/or by imposing fines of $1,000 per
      day for said contempt, all in violation of R.C. 2935.11.

      IV. The trial court abused its discretion and erred to the prejudice of
      appellant by trying, convicting and sentencing the appellant in absentia for
      indirect contempt of court, in violation of appellant’s state and federal
      constitutional rights to be present at all critical stages of a criminal
      proceedings, as guaranteed by the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the
      United States Constitution and Article I, Section 10 of the Ohio Constitution.
      V. The trial court abused its discretion and erred to the prejudice of
      appellant by finding appellant in indirect contempt of court, as the evidence
      presented at the contempt hearing was insufficient to establish by evidence
      beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant acted intentionally in failing to
      appear for trial. (1-21-11 Journal Entry 328-231; Tr. pp. 1-9).

      VI. The trial court abused its discretion by subjecting appellant to daily
      contempt fines while also issuing warrants for appellant’s arrest, in violation
      of appellant’s state and federal constitutional rights to be free from excessive
      fines and/or excessive punishment, as guaranteed by the Eighth and
Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution and Article I,
Section 9 of the Ohio Constitution.

VII. The trial court abused its discretion and erred to the prejudice of
appellant by failing to provide the contemnor with an opportunity to purge
the indirect civil contempt sanctions.

VIII. The trial court abused its discretion and erred to the prejudice of
appellant by failing to properly charge appellant in writing and/or by
shifting the burden of proof upon appellant in its “order to show cause.”
