                                 Cite as 2017 Ark. App. 419


                 ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                         DIVISION II
                                        No. CV-16-1027

                                                 Opinion Delivered: September   6, 2017
REBECCA LADD
                              APPELLANT
                                                 APPEAL FROM THE CLEBURNE
V.                                               COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
                                                 [NO. 12JV-15-13]
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF
HUMAN SERVICES AND MINOR
CHILD                                            HONORABLE LEE WISDOM
                    APPELLEES                    HARROD, JUDGE

                                                 AFFIRMED


                                  BART F. VIRDEN, Judge

        The Cleburne County Circuit Court terminated the parental rights of appellant

 Rebecca Ladd (now Pompa) to her daughter, H.H. (DOB: 12/27/2008). 1 On appeal,

 Pompa argues that the trial court erred (1) in terminating her parental rights because the

 Arkansas Department of Human Services (DHS) failed to prove grounds and (2) in

 terminating reunification services. She does not challenge the trial court’s best-interest

 determination. We affirm.

                                   I.     Procedural History

        On January 23, 2015, DHS filed a petition for emergency custody and dependency-

 neglect concerning H.H. based on parental unfitness due to continued drug use by Pompa.

 Attached to the petition was the affidavit of DHS family-service worker, John Seward. He



        1
         The trial court also terminated the parental rights of H.H.’s father, Kevin Hussman,
 but he is not a party to this appeal.
                                Cite as 2017 Ark. App. 419

attested that on January 7, 2015, Pompa tested positive for methamphetamine and THC. 2

Because H.H.’s maternal grandmother lived in the home and had agreed to provide care

and supervision for H.H., DHS requested a “less-than-custody” order prohibiting Pompa

from using illegal drugs. In the affidavit, Seward attested that DHS’s first contact with the

family was on February 2, 2010, with a true finding for neglect and failure to protect H.H.;

however, the case was closed when the parents moved to New Mexico. He stated that on

March 25, 2011, H.H. first came into foster care in Arkansas because of inadequate

supervision due to the parents’ drug use but that H.H. was returned to Pompa’s custody on

August 22, 2012. Seward said that on January 4, 2013, H.H. came into foster care again due

to Pompa’s inadequate supervision by permitting Hussman, whom she knew to be using

methamphetamine, to care for H.H. on several occasions. On June 6, 2014, H.H. was

returned to Pompa’s custody; however, DHS continued to monitor the family. Seward

stated that, during that time, Pompa tested positive for THC several times, so DHS made a

referral for outpatient drug treatment. Pompa attended a couple of sessions and then began

missing appointments.

       The trial court issued an ex parte order prohibiting Pompa from using illegal drugs

and warning her that she risked having H.H. placed in DHS’s custody if she continued her

drug use. Pompa stipulated that probable cause existed for the emergency order and agreed

to the protection plan involving supervision of H.H. by Pompa’s mother, Ruth Towell-

Wright. An adjudication hearing was scheduled for February 18, 2015.




       2
           Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main chemical compound found in marijuana.
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       On February 3, 2015, DHS filed another petition for emergency custody and

dependency-neglect concerning H.H. on the basis that Pompa had continued to use illegal

drugs. In an affidavit attached to the petition, DHS family-service-worker supervisor,

Johnelle Switzer, attested that on February 1, 2015, DHS was contacted by the police

because someone in the community had seen Pompa parked at an apartment smoking drugs

from a glass pipe. Pompa was stopped by the police, and she admitted having used

methamphetamine the previous day. On February 2, 2015, Pompa was ordered to submit

to a drug test. She could not produce a sample but admitted that she had used

methamphetamine. Pompa also admitted having taken H.H. to live with Amy Armstrong

in Little Rock in an effort to keep the child out of foster care. DHS took a seventy-two-

hour hold on H.H. In an adjudication order entered February 27, 2015, Pompa stipulated

to the dependency-neglect finding based on parental unfitness due to continued drug use.

An ex parte order for emergency custody issued, making a second probable-cause hearing

necessary. The trial court found that probable cause existed for H.H. to remain in DHS’s

custody and that DHS had provided reasonable services, including drug screens and referrals

for drug treatment.

       On April 13, 2015, DHS filed a motion to terminate reunification services, alleging

that H.H. had been subjected to aggravated circumstances, specifically, that there was little

likelihood that additional services would result in successful reunification. DHS alleged that

it had been involved with the family since March 2011, that H.H. had been taken into foster

care three times due to illegal drug use by her parents, that extensive services had been




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offered, and that continued services would not likely result in permanent reunification due

to the parents’ continued drug use, noncompliance, and lack of stable living conditions.

       On July 14, 2015, a review order was entered. The trial court noted that DHS had

requested not to proceed yet on its motion to terminate reunification services. The court

stated that the goal continued to be reunification and found that DHS had made reasonable

efforts to achieve that goal by offering, among other things, drug screening, referrals for

drug treatment, drug assessments, mental-health counseling, family counseling, parenting

classes, home visits, and transportation. The trial court found that Pompa was not in

compliance with the case plan and ordered her to submit to and complete inpatient drug

treatment.

       DHS filed a petition for termination of both Pompa’s and Hussman’s parental rights

on July 15, 2015, alleging grounds under Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(i)(a) (twelve-

month failure to remedy), (ii)(a) (failure to provide significant material support and maintain

meaningful contact), (iv) (abandonment by Pompa’s willingness to consent to the adoption

of H.H. if she could choose the adoptive parents), (vii)(a) (other subsequent factors), and

(ix)(a) (aggravated circumstances in that there was little likelihood of successful

reunification). A hearing was held on October 28 and continued on October 30, 2015.

                                  II.     Hearing Testimony

       John Seward testified that DHS first became involved with Pompa in March 2011

and that it was “one continuous protective-services case” since then totaling approximately

fifty-five months. According to Seward, Pompa tested positive for THC on July 29, 2015,

and started inpatient drug treatment on August 3, 2015, which she completed on September

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2, 2015. He stated that Pompa was still attending outpatient drug therapy. He said that “on

the surface, she has stopped using drugs for now.” He conceded that Pompa was doing the

things she needed to do to address her drug addiction but pointed out that it would be an

ongoing problem for any addict. He said that Pompa had shown that she can stay clean for

four to six months at a time but that she “falters again.” Seward said it appeared that Pompa

could get sober as long as DHS was monitoring her. He stated that, if not for the history of

the two previous cases, DHS would have possibly recommended increasing visitation.

       Seward said that Pompa had regularly attended visits with H.H.; that she was doing

well with her counseling; that she was employed at a nursing home; and that her home was

appropriate. Seward said, however, that Pompa’s new husband, Manuel, had quit his job as

a truck driver and was finishing outpatient drug treatment. Seward testified that H.H.’s

current foster parents wanted to adopt her and that DHS was recommending termination

of Pompa’s parental rights.

       Johnelle Switzer testified that when the case was opened by DHS in 2011, H.H.

remained in foster care for twelve months before Pompa began to comply with the case

plan; a trial home placement occurred after fifteen months; and H.H. was returned to her

mother after a total of seventeen months. In January 2013, H.H. was placed in foster care

where she stayed another seventeen months. Switzer said that DHS was ordered to keep the

protective-services case open for at least ninety days. She said that she had kept the case

open for longer than ninety days based on environmental issues and positive drug screens

for methamphetamine. Switzer said that, in her experience, people who have had multiple

relapses do not usually end up successfully “kicking the habit.” She said that there is no

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permanency for a child when DHS returns custody of a child to the parent only to take that

child into custody again after a few months or even a year later. Switzer said that Pompa

was facing that day the same challenges she had faced in March 2011. She said that she

thought Pompa needed at least one year of sobriety before DHS would no longer have

concerns because of Pompa’s history of relapsing. Switzer said that Pompa had married

Manuel in September 2015 and that he had failed drug screens. She said that Pompa’s choice

to marry another drug user concerned her.

       Karissa Clemons testified that she has been H.H.’s foster parent since February 2,

2015, and that H.H. is doing very well. Winter Yielding, a licensed professional counselor,

testified that H.H. had become her patient in April 2015 and that H.H. suffered from

depression and anxiety. Yielding said that H.H.’s symptoms were characteristic of a child

with major life changes, such as going into the foster-care system, and that her symptoms

were also the result of instability and early unmet emotional needs. Yielding said that H.H.

looked forward to visits with Pompa, but Yielding attributed H.H.’s improvement to her

current attachment to her foster family where she experienced stability.

       Pompa testified that she is currently twenty-eight years old, that she began using

marijuana when she was eight years old, and that she had used methamphetamine for nine

or ten years. She said that she had smoked marijuana “every day, every minute of every

hour” and later said that she smoked five or six joints per day. Pompa said that, after H.H.’s

most recent removal from her custody, she (Pompa) continued to smoke marijuana for two

or three months and that Manuel had used marijuana with her. She said that Manuel had

left his job because of her drug use and H.H.’s removal from the home. She claimed that

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she had last used marijuana in June 2015 and had last used methamphetamine around the

end of January 2015. Pompa said that she had relapsed on methamphetamine because she

“was bored” and “went to see some old acquaintances that [she] shouldn’t have.” Pompa

said that she had not yet completed her outpatient drug treatment or her mental-health

counseling. She said that her outpatient drug treatment could end in three to six months

but that she had not been given a completion date for the counseling. She said that she had

made a promise to herself that she would never touch drugs again because of the

consequences she now faced. Pompa said that she had learned from her mistakes and had

turned her life over to a higher power.

       Pompa testified that she had met Manuel on Plenty of Fish, an online dating website,

and that he had been there for her and had stepped up to be H.H.’s stepfather. She said,

whereas before she had tried to quit drugs on her own with no help and had failed, she now

has a wonderful man who supports her. She said that she and Manuel attend Celebrate

Recovery every week and that her counselor held group meetings that resembled Narcotics

Anonymous meetings, which was “over and above the case plan.” She could, however,

identify only two steps of the twelve-step program and stated that she had no sponsor yet.

       Manuel testified that he is currently twenty-eight years old and that he had begun

using marijuana once a week when he was twenty. He testified that he had known Pompa

since November 2012 and had used drugs with her in 2012. He said that he did not use

drugs in 2013 or 2014 but used again in 2015. Manuel said that he had stopped smoking

marijuana in June 2015 “because it’s no good” and made him sleepy and lazy. He said that

he had never been to drug rehab.

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       Deborah McDonald, a volunteer for CASA (Court Appointed Special Advocates),

testified that she had worked on the case involving Pompa and H.H. since March 2011 and

that she recommended termination of Pompa’s parental rights.

                III.   Additional Procedural History and Trial Court’s Findings

       A review order was entered on March 14, 2016, and the trial court noted that a

hearing on DHS’s petition to terminate parental rights had been held on October 28 and

30, 2015, but that a decision had been delayed due to difficulties obtaining a transcript. A

hearing scheduled for April 13, 2016, was continued until May 13, 2016, at which time the

trial court stated that it would announce its decision. On August 15, 2016, the trial court

entered a posttermination permanency-planning order, an order granting DHS’s motion for

no reunification services, and an order granting DHS’s motion to terminate parental rights.

       In its order granting the motion for no reunification services, the trial court found

that H.H. had been subjected to aggravated circumstances in that there was little likelihood

of successful reunification. The trial court went through the history since 2010 and noted

that H.H. had been placed in foster care three times due to continued drug use by her

parents or Pompa’s poor decision-making. The trial court stated that H.H. had had an open

DHS case, whether court ordered or noncourt involved, for approximately fifty-five months

and had spent over half her life in foster care. The trial court stated that, although Pompa

had been sober for a few months, her drug rehabilitation had been a work in progress for

years and that it was “cyclic improvement followed by relapse.” The trial court concluded

that termination of reunification services was in H.H.’s best interest.




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       In its order terminating Pompa’s parental rights, the trial court found that H.H. had

been subjected to aggravated circumstances in that there was little likelihood of successful

reunification with H.H. The trial court specifically found that the testimony of Pompa and

her husband Manuel was not credible. The trial court made many of the same findings as in

the no-reunification-services order. The trial court found that termination of parental rights

was in H.H.’s best interest and said that “at some point, enough is enough.” The court

concluded that Pompa lacked the capacity to remain permanently drug free and that H.H.

would be at risk of harm if returned to Pompa’s custody. The trial court also found that

H.H. is adoptable, specifically, her current foster parents wished to adopt her.

                                   IV.     Standard of Review

       We review termination-of-parental-rights cases de novo. Williams v. Ark. Dep’t of

Human Servs., 2013 Ark. App. 622. Grounds for termination of parental rights must be

proved by clear and convincing evidence, which is that degree of proof that will produce

in the finder of fact a firm conviction of the allegation sought to be established. Id. The

appellate inquiry is whether the trial court’s finding that the disputed fact was proved by

clear and convincing evidence is clearly erroneous. Id. A finding is clearly erroneous when,

although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left

with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made. Id. In resolving the clearly

erroneous question, we give due regard to the opportunity of the trial court to judge the

credibility of witnesses. Camarillo-Cox v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 360 Ark. 340, 201

S.W.3d 391 (2005). On appellate review, this court gives a high degree of deference to the

trial court, which is in a far superior position to observe the parties before it. Id. Termination

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of parental rights is an extreme remedy and in derogation of the natural rights of parents,

but parental rights will not be enforced to the detriment or destruction of the health and

well-being of the child. Friend v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2009 Ark. App. 606, 344

S.W.3d 670.

                                          V. Discussion

       Pompa argues that the trial court erred in terminating her parental rights and likewise

erred in terminating reunification services. Pursuant to Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)

(Repl. 2015), an order forever terminating parental rights shall be based on a finding by

clear and convincing evidence that it is in the best interest of the juvenile, including

consideration of the likelihood that the juvenile will be adopted if the termination petition

is granted and the potential harm, specifically addressing the effect on the health and safety

of the child, caused by returning the child to the custody of the parent. Ark. Code Ann. §

9-27-341(b)(3)(A). The order must also find by clear and convincing evidence one or more

grounds. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B). Here, the trial court relied on the

aggravated-circumstances ground in section 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(ix)(a)(3)(A). “Aggravated

circumstances” means, among other things, that a determination has been made by a judge

that there is little likelihood that services to the family will result in successful reunification.

Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(ix)(a)(3)(B)(i).

       An order terminating reunification services and ending DHS’s duty to provide

services to a party shall be based on a finding of clear and convincing evidence that the

termination of reunification services is in the child’s best interest and that one or more

grounds exist, including a determination by a circuit court that there is little likelihood that

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services to the family will result in successful reunification. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-365(c)(1)

& (2)(A)(v).

       Pompa argues that this case began in January 2015 when she tested positive for drugs

and that, although she tested positive again in July 2015, she was otherwise compliant with

the case plan and was doing what she needed to do to regain custody of H.H. Pompa argues

that DHS admitted that if her progress had continued, it would have eventually been enough

for her to regain custody of H.H. Pompa points out that she was successful twice before in

reunifying with H.H., so that “would seem to suggest a decent likelihood of reunification

here.” Pompa says, “Under DHS’s doublespeak, past success is a predictor of future failure.

It didn’t matter how Ms. Pompa did this time around; her history of complying with DHS

requirements twice before renders compliance this time meaningless.”

       After H.H.’s most recent removal in February 2015, Pompa failed only one drug test.

She had completed inpatient drug treatment and was complying by attending outpatient

drug treatment and counseling. She also had secured a job and an appropriate home. While

her progress is commendable, even full compliance with the case plan is not determinative;

the issue is whether the parent has become a stable, safe parent able to care for his or her

child. Shaffer v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2016 Ark. App. 208, 409 S.W.3d 182. The trial

court was not convinced that Pompa would not return to drugs.

       Pompa has consistently failed to keep her child out of foster care by returning to

drugs each time custody of H.H. has been returned to her. Pompa’s “multiple successful”

drug treatments could also be described as “multiple failures,” given that drug treatment and

rehab has as its goal the cessation of drug use. Pompa has had drug treatment and has been

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receiving other services from DHS since at least March 2011, yet she could not identify all

twelve steps of the NA program and had not grasped the importance of having a sponsor.

At the time of the termination hearing, Pompa had been sober approximately three months

given that she tested positive for drugs near the end of July 2015. She would have liked the

trial court to overlook her past failures and noncompliance, but evidence that H.H. had

been in and out of foster care over a seven-year period was relevant to H.H.’s best interest,

the likelihood of a successful reunification, and the potential harm to H.H. See Chapman v.

Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2014 Ark. App. 525, 443 S.W.3d 564. The trial court was free

to consider Pompa’s actions in previous dependency-neglect proceedings in determining

whether termination was appropriate. McKinley v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2015 Ark.

App. 475, 471 S.W.3d 209. A parent’s past behavior is often a good indicator of future

behavior. Shaffer, supra.

       The purpose of the termination-of-parental-rights statute, Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-

341(a)(3), is to provide permanency in a juvenile’s life in all instances in which the return

of a juvenile to the family home is contrary to the juvenile’s health, safety, or welfare, and

it appears from the evidence that a return to the family home cannot be accomplished in a

reasonable period of time, as viewed from the juvenile’s perspective. H.H. needs

permanency, and her current foster parents would like to adopt her. The child’s need for

permanency and stability may override a parent’s request for more time to improve the

parent’s circumstances. Shaffer, supra. Pompa has been given numerous chances to benefit

from services and keep her daughter with her, but she has returned to drugs each time. We




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cannot say that the trial court clearly erred in terminating Pompa’s parental rights and, for

the same reasons, in terminating reunification services.

       While Pompa addressed the other grounds alleged in DHS’s petition, aggravated

circumstances was the only ground relied on by the trial court to support termination with

respect to Pompa, and proof of only one statutory ground is sufficient to terminate parental

rights. Sharks v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2016 Ark. App. 435, 502 S.W.3d 569.

       Affirmed.

       GLADWIN and BROWN, JJ., agree.

       Brett D. Watson, Attorney at Law, PLLC, by: Brett D. Watson, for appellant.

       Mary Goff, Office of Chief Counsel, for appellee.

       Chrestman Group, PLLC, by: Keith L. Chrestman, attorney ad litem for minor child.




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