                            UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                            FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

____________________________________
                                    )
SEUNGJIN KIM,                       )
                                    )
                  Plaintiff,        )
                                    )
                                    )
      v.                            )                 Civil Action No. 14-1107 (ABJ)
                                    )
GOOGLE, INC.,                       )
                                    )
                                    )
                  Defendant.        )
____________________________________)

                                  MEMORANDUM OPINION

        Plaintiff Seungjin Kim has filed a pro se complaint against Google, Inc. According to

the complaint, “Plaintiff is an owner of the spiritual materials of Jehovah’s Witnesses” and an

“anointed one[]” who has “copyright right and owners[hip] of the spiritual materials of

Jehovah’s witnesses biblically.” Compl. ¶ 1 [Dkt. # 1]. Plaintiff claims that “[d]istribution of

Religious Apps 1 is extended preaching work as door-to-door. (Matthew 24:14),” but that

defendant has “terminated plaintiff’s developer accounts” and “deleted Plaintiff’s religious

Apps” by “force many times.” Id. ¶ 3. Plaintiff further alleges that defendant has violated the

First Amendment and “infringed religious freedom in U.S. history, Pilgrim Fathers.” Id. ¶¶ 4–5.

Plaintiff seeks an order reinstating his terminated developer account and an award of $10 billion,

which he states is the “value of Divine Law, Religious Freedom that Pilgrim Fathers in U.S.

history, and a value of the first amendment to the constitution.” Id., Prayer for Relief, at 3.


1       Plaintiff appears to refer to applications for use on Android devices and others. He also
brought a similar lawsuit against Apple, Inc. based on its apparent unwillingness to allow him to
distribute his application through the Apple Store. See Kim v. Apple, Inc., No. 14-1034, 2014
WL 3056136, at *1 (D.D.C. July 7, 2014).
        “Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction.        They possess only that power

authorized by Constitution and statute, which is not to be expanded by judicial decree. It is to be

presumed that a cause lies outside this limited jurisdiction, and the burden of establishing the

contrary rests upon the party asserting jurisdiction.” Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am.,

511 U.S. 375, 377 (1994) (internal citations omitted). In addition, “‘[i]t is axiomatic that subject

matter jurisdiction may not be waived, and that courts may raise the issue sua sponte.’”

NetworkIP, L.L.C. v. FCC, 548 F.3d 116, 120 (D.C. Cir. 2008), quoting Athens Cmty. Hosp., Inc.

v. Schweiker, 686 F.2d 989, 992 (D.C. Cir. 1982). Indeed, a federal court must raise the issue

because it is “forbidden – as a court of limited jurisdiction – from acting beyond [its] authority,

and ‘no action of the parties can confer subject-matter jurisdiction upon a federal court.’” Id.,

quoting Akinseye v. District of Columbia, 339 F.3d 970, 971 (D.C. Cir. 2003). A district court

may dismiss a complaint sua sponte pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(h)(3), when

it is evident that the court lacks subject-matter jurisdiction. See Evans v. Suter, No. 09-5242,

2010 WL 1632902 (D.C. Cir. Apr. 2, 2010), citing Hurt v. U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C.

Cir., No. 07-5019, 2008 WL 441786 (D.C. Cir. Jan. 24, 2008); Scholastic Entm’t, Inc. v. Fox

Entm’t Grp., Inc., 336 F.3d 982, 985 (9th Cir. 2003); Zernial v. United States, 714 F.2d 431,

433–34 (5th Cir. 1983).

       Subject matter jurisdiction is lacking where a complaint “is patently insubstantial

presenting no federal question suitable for decision.” Tooley v. Napolitano, 586 F.3d 1006, 1009

(D.C. Cir. 2009), quoting Best v. Kelly, 39 F.3d 328, 330 (D.C. Cir. 1994). A claim is “patently

insubstantial” when it is “flimsier than doubtful or questionable . . . essentially fictitious.” Best,

39 F.3d at 330 (internal quotation marks omitted); see Hagans v. Lavine, 415 U.S. 528, 536–37

(1974) (“[F]ederal courts are without power to entertain claims otherwise within their



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jurisdiction if they are so attenuated and unsubstantial as to be absolutely devoid of merit, wholly

insubstantial, [or] obviously frivolous . . . .”) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted);

see, e.g., Peters v. Obama, Misc. No. 10-0298, 2010 WL 2541066 (D.D.C. June 21, 2010) (sua

sponte dismissing complaint alleging that President Obama had been served with and failed to

respond to an “Imperial Writ of Habeas Corpus” by the “Imperial Dominion of Amexem,”

requiring the plaintiff’s immediate release from a correctional institution).

        Although mindful that complaints filed by pro se litigants are held to less stringent

standards than those applied to formal pleadings drafted by lawyers, see Haines v. Kerner, 404

U.S. 519 (1972); Brown v. District of Columbia, 514 F.3d 1279, 1283 (D.C. Cir. 2008),

plaintiff’s allegations in the present case present “no federal question suitable for decision.”

Best, 39 F.3d at 330. And to the extent that plaintiff invokes the First Amendment in his

complaint, the Court notes that the First Amendment does not apply to a private entity like

Google, Inc. Accordingly, the Court will dismiss this case sua sponte pursuant to Rule 12(h)(3)

of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. A separate order

will issue.




                                              AMY BERMAN JACKSON
                                              United States District Judge
DATE: July 28, 2014




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