[Cite as State v. Dennis, 2013-Ohio-5633.]


                      IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                         FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                             HIGHLAND COUNTY

STATE OF OHIO,                 :
                               :
     Plaintiff-Appellee,       :    Case No. 13CA6
                               :
     vs.                       :
                               :    DECISION AND JUDGMENT
CHASE DENNIS,                  :    ENTRY
                               :
    Defendant-Appellant.       :    Released: 12/13/13
_____________________________________________________________
                         APPEARANCES:

James T. Boulger, Chillicothe, Ohio, for Appellant.

Anneka P. Collins, Highland County Prosecutor, Hillsboro, Ohio, for
Appellee.
_____________________________________________________________

McFarland, P.J.

        {¶1} Chase Dennis appeals the sentence imposed by the Highland

County Court of Common Pleas after he was convicted of aggravated

assault. Appellant raises two assignments of error on appeal, contending

that the trial court erred in ordering restitution in the absence of competent,

credible evidence of the amount of economic loss incurred by the victim,

and without making a determination of his present and future ability to pay

the ordered amount. Because we conclude that the trial court’s order of

restitution was supported by competent, credible evidence and that the pre-
Highland App. No. 13CA6                                                       2


sentence investigation report considered by the trial court prior to sentencing

contained evidence of Appellant’s present and future ability to pay the

ordered amount, both of Appellant’s assignments of error are overruled.

Accordingly, the decision of the trial court is affirmed.

                                    FACTS

      {¶2} By a complaint filed on August 29, 2012, Appellant was

originally charged with one count of felonious assault, a second degree

felony in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(2). The complaint stemmed from an

incident that occurred between Appellant and John Soards, the victim. It

appears from the record that the parties were involved in an altercation

outside of a Subway restaurant, which was caught on video. The incident

arose based upon an earlier dispute between Appellant and Soards related to

money owed by Appellant for roof work that Soards had performed. When

Soards approached Appellant from behind, allegedly to discuss the matter

with him, Appellant turned with a knife in his hand and struck Appellant

across the neck. Soards sustained injuries which required air transport to

OSU Medical Center.

      {¶3} Appellant waived his preliminary hearing and the matter was

bound over to the common pleas court. Appellant was then indicted by a

grand jury on two felony counts, one in violation of R.C. 2903.12(A)(1) and
Highland App. No. 13CA6                                                         3


the other in violation of R.C. 2903.12(A)(2). The indictment mistakenly

identified these crimes as felonious assault, however, a subsequently filed

summons on indictment properly identified both of the crimes charged as

aggravated assault, both fourth degree felonies. Appellant pled not guilty

and the matter proceeded to a jury trial on January 17, 2013.

      {¶4} The jury eventually returned a verdict of not guilty on count one

and instead found Appellant guilty of a lesser included offense of assault on

that count, a first degree misdemeanor. The jury further found Appellant

guilty as charged on count two, aggravated assault, a second degree felony.

The trial court filed an entry of conviction on January 22, 2013, and ordered

that a presentence investigation be performed prior to Appellant’s sentencing

hearing. A sentencing hearing was held on February 8, 2013. Appellant

was sentenced to a fifteen-month term of imprisonment and was ordered to

pay restitution in the amount of $50,141.11, as well as fines and costs.

      {¶5} Appellant objected to the amount of the restitution order at the

hearing. As a result, further evidence was introduced to support the

restitution amount, including admission into evidence of the victim’s

medical bills, as well as the victim and his wife’s testimony regarding the

outstanding amounts of the bills and whether Appellant had insurance

coverage at the time. A final judgment entry was filed on February 8, 2013,
Highland App. No. 13CA6                                                          4


and it is from this order than Appellant now brings his timely appeal,

assigning the following errors for our review.

                          ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

“I.   THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ORDERING RESTITUTION IN
      THE ABSENCE OF COMPETENT AND CREDIBLE EVIDENCE
      OF THE AMOUNT OF ECONOMIC LOSS INCURRED BY THE
      VICTIM.

II.   THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ORDERING RESTITUTION
      WITHOUT MAKING A DETERMINATION OF THE
      DEFENDANT’S PRESENT AND FUTURE ABILITY TO PAY
      THE ORDERED AMOUNT.”

                          ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

      {¶6} In his first assignment of error, Appellant contends that the trial

court erred in ordering restitution in the absence of competent and credible

evidence of the amount of economic loss incurred by the victim. Appellant

specifically seems to challenge the accuracy of the medical bills that were

entered into evidence, arguing that they were not properly authenticated

under the rules of evidence. In making this argument, however, Appellant

concedes that “the rules may not apply at a sentencing hearing.” Appellant

further argues that there was conflicting testimony over whether Appellant

had medical insurance and that this conflict should have resulted in a

separate hearing being held on the issue of restitution. Appellee responds by

arguing that the restitution order was premised upon billings for medical
Highland App. No. 13CA6                                                            5


services contained in the record, as well as the testimony of the victim

himself, and that Appellant had the opportunity to cross examine the victim

with respect to the billing records that were introduced as exhibits.

      {¶7} As a financial sanction, R.C. 2929.18(A)(1) allows the trial

court to order a felony offender to make restitution to the victim of the

offender's crime in an amount based on the victim's economic loss. R.C.

2929.18(A)(1) specifically provides as follows:

      “If the court imposes restitution, the court may base the amount

      of restitution it orders on an amount recommended by the

      victim, the offender, a presentence investigation report,

      estimates or receipts indicating the cost of repairing or

      replacing property, and other information, provided that the

      amount the court orders as restitution shall not exceed the

      amount of the economic loss suffered by the victim as a direct

      and proximate result of the commission of the offense.”

Further, “ ‘A trial court abuses its discretion when it orders restitution in an

amount that has not been determined to bear a reasonable relationship to the

actual loss suffered as a result of the defendant's offense.’ ” State v. Rizer,

4th Dist. Meigs No. 10CA3, 2011-Ohio-5702, ¶ 53; quoting State v.

Johnson, 4th Dist. Washington No. 03CA11, 2004-Ohio-2236, ¶ 11.
Highland App. No. 13CA6                                                           6


      {¶8} Although a broad reading of both Rizer and Johnson may

indicate that courts are required to apply the rules of evidence to restitution

hearings, “Evid.R. 101(C)(3) makes it clear that it excludes the rules of

evidence from sentencing proceedings.” State v. Bulstrom, --- N.E.2d ----,

2013-Ohio-3582, ¶ 20. As such, it is due process, rather than strict

application of the rules of evidence, that controls what proofs the court can

consider in determining restitution. Id.

      {¶9} Here, the State introduced multiple billing records into evidence

in support of the request for restitution. The bills were broken down by

provider and while some indicated insurance coverage through a provider

named Molina, the bills also indicated a zero payment by the provider and

that coverage was not in effect. In order to clarify this issue, both the victim

and his wife testified. The victim’s wife’s testimony was the most helpful.

She testified that she is the one who handles the family insurance, that

Appellant’s coverage had lapsed at the time of his injury, that she had

spoken with the providers personally and that these amounts were the

amounts owed by the victim. The trial court also considered a presentence

investigation report which included the total amount of the victim’s medical

bills as well. The report included an earlier figure, which was higher, and
Highland App. No. 13CA6                                                                                         7


then an updated figure that corresponds with the trial court’s restitution order

of $50,141.11.1

         {¶10} A review of the record indicates that Appellant objected to the

trial court’s consideration of the medical bills, citing the holding in State v.

Purnell, 171 Ohio App.3d 446, 2006-Ohio-6160, 871 N.E.2d 613, claiming

that the court in that case found that “unverified and authenticated medical

billings to be insufficient to constitute competent, credible evidence to

support an order of restitution.” However, we find Appellant’s

representation of the reasoning of Purnell to be inaccurate. In Purnell, the

court issued an initial restitution order and then held another hearing at the

request of the State two months after the case had been concluded. Id at. ¶

3. The victim testified and introduced several medical bills “that were

unverified as the amount actually owed.” Id. Based upon this evidence and

testimony, the court increased the restitution award by more than 500%. Id.

On appeal, the case was reversed, not because of the trial court’s reliance

upon “unverified” medical bills, but due the trial court’s lack of jurisdiction

to reconsider its prior award. Id. at ¶ 6

         {¶11} Further, other cases have affirmed orders of restitution based

upon “unauthenticated” records, coupled with the victim’s testimony as to
1
 The amounts listed by the four medical providers actually total $50,141.17; however, because the State
has not raised an issue with respect to this slight error, which actually favors Appellant, we see no need to
address it.
Highland App. No. 13CA6                                                         8


the amounts owed. See State v. Riley, 184 Ohio App.3d 211, 2009-Ohio-

3227, 920 N.E.2d 388, ¶ 22 (court accepted victim’s testimony regarding

medical and hospital bills without any indication they had been

authenticated in any manner aside from the victim’s explanation of the

amounts owed.); In re Hatfield, 4th Dist. Lawrence No. 03CA14, 2003-

Ohio-5404, ¶ 9 (court accepted theft victim’s testimony alone to establish

economic loss, without resort to documentary evidence). Thus, in light of

the foregoing, we conclude that the record contains competent, credible

evidence to support the trial court’s order of restitution.

      {¶12} However, our inquiry does not end here. Though not a

separately argued assignment of error, Appellant seems to argue in the body

of his brief that he was entitled to a separate hearing on the issue of

restitution. First, we note that it appears that the transcript in the record was

just that, a hearing on the issue of restitution. Medical billing statements

were introduced into evidence. Both the victim and his wife testified as to

the amounts of the bills. Appellant’s counsel was permitted to cross

examine both of them with respect to the outstanding amounts of the bills

and also with respect to the issue of insurance coverage. When offered the

opportunity to introduce evidence on the issue, Appellant’s counsel advised
Highland App. No. 13CA6                                                          9


the court that they had no evidence to present, but simply objected to the use

of the billing records.

      {¶13} A court only need to hold a hearing on restitution if the

offender or victim disputes the amount. State v. Johnson, 4th Dist.

Washington No. 03CA11, 2004-Ohio-2236, ¶ 10. Here, once the amount of

the requested restitution was entered into the record, Appellant stated that he

did not concede to the accuracy of the amount. However, he did not, at that

time, even request a hearing. Nonetheless, based upon this response, the

court went on to essentially hold a hearing on the issue of restitution, as

discussed above. We believe that in this situation, the trial court adequately

afforded Appellant an opportunity to be heard on the issue of restitution and

we see no error on the part of the trial court in failing to hold a later, separate

hearing. In light of the foregoing, Appellant’s first assignment of error is

overruled.

                          ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II

      {¶14} In his second assignment of error, Appellant contends that the

trial court erred in ordering restitution without making a determination of his

present and future ability to pay the ordered amount. Before imposing a

financial sanction under R.C. 2929.18, the court “shall consider the

offender's present and future ability to pay the amount of the sanction * * *.”
Highland App. No. 13CA6                                                           10


R.C. 2929.19(B)(5). “ ‘[W]hen a trial court has imposed a financial sanction

without even a cursory inquiry into the offender's present and future means

to pay the amount imposed, the failure to make the requisite inquiry is an

abuse of discretion.’ ” State v. Bulstrom at ¶ 15; quoting State v. Rizer at ¶

49 and State v. Rickett, 4th Dist. Adams No. 07CA846, 2008-Ohio-1637, ¶

4.

      {¶15} “ ‘Although preferable for appellate review, a trial court need

not explicitly state in its judgment entry that it considered a defendant's

ability to pay a financial sanction. Rather, courts look to the totality of the

record to see if this requirement has been satisfied.’ ” Rizer at ¶ 49; quoting

State v. Smith, 4th Dist. Ross No. 06CA2893, 2007-Ohio-1884, ¶ 42. Thus,

“ ‘[i]f the record shows that the court considered a presentence investigation

report that provides pertinent information about the offender's financial

situation and his ability to pay the financial sanction, it has met its obligation

under R.C. 2929.19(B)(5).’ ” State v. Bulstrom at ¶ 15; quoting State v.

Petrie, 4th Dist. Meigs No. 12CA4, 2013-Ohio-887, ¶ 5.

      {¶16} Here, although the trial court never explicitly stated that it

considered Appellant’s present and future ability to pay restitution, as set

forth above, the trial court did state that it considered a presentence

investigation report when it imposed restitution. The presentence
Highland App. No. 13CA6                                                         11


investigation report reviewed by the trial court indicated that Appellant was

a twenty-seven-year-old, physically and mentally healthy, high school

graduate. Although the report indicated Appellant was unemployed and had

been unemployed since 2008, it also included Appellant’s employment

history, which indicated Appellant was capable of various types of physical

labor. Further, Appellant’s reasons for leaving his prior jobs seemed to be of

his own volition, rather than an inability to work.

      {¶17} Because the presentence investigation contains pertinent

information about Appellant’s financial situation, the totality of the record

supports the conclusion that the trial court sufficiently considered his present

and future ability to pay restitution. Thus, Appellant’s second assignment of

error is overruled. Having overruled both of Appellant’s assignments of

error, the decision of the trial court is affirmed.

                                                      JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.
Highland App. No. 13CA6                                                                     12


                                   JUDGMENT ENTRY

       It is ordered that the JUDGMENT BE AFFIRMED and costs be assessed to
Appellant.

       The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

      It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the Highland
County Common Pleas Court to carry this judgment into execution.

         IF A STAY OF EXECUTION OF SENTENCE AND RELEASE UPON BAIL
HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY GRANTED BY THE TRIAL COURT OR THIS COURT, it
is temporarily continued for a period not to exceed sixty days upon the bail previously
posted. The purpose of a continued stay is to allow Appellant to file with the Supreme
Court of Ohio an application for a stay during the pendency of proceedings in that court.
If a stay is continued by this entry, it will terminate at the earlier of the expiration of the
sixty day period, or the failure of the Appellant to file a notice of appeal with the
Supreme Court of Ohio in the forty-five day appeal period pursuant to Rule II, Sec. 2 of
the Rules of Practice of the Supreme Court of Ohio. Additionally, if the Supreme Court
of Ohio dismisses the appeal prior to expiration of sixty days, the stay will terminate as of
the date of such dismissal.

       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

Harsha, J. & Hoover, J.: Concur in Judgment and Opinion.



                                               For the Court,


                                       BY:     __________________________________
                                               Matthew W. McFarland
                                               Presiding Judge




                                 NOTICE TO COUNSEL

        Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final judgment
entry and the time period for further appeal commences from the date of filing with
the clerk.
