MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of establishing                            FILED
the defense of res judicata, collateral                            Nov 14 2019, 8:35 am

estoppel, or the law of the case.                                       CLERK
                                                                    Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                       Court of Appeals
                                                                         and Tax Court




ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT J.W.                             ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Anthony C. Lawrence                                     Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Anderson, Indiana                                       Attorney General of Indiana

                                                        Monika Prekopa Talbot
                                                        Deputy Attorney General
                                                        Indianapolis, Indiana


                                          IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In the Matter of the Termination                        November 14, 2019
of the Parent–Child Relationship                        Court of Appeals Case No.
of C.W. and J.C. (Minor                                 19A-JT-1140
Children)                                               Appeal from the Madison Circuit
and                                                     Court
                                                        The Honorable G. George Pancol,
J.W. (Father),                                          Judge
Appellant-Respondent,
                                                        Trial Court Cause Nos.
        v.                                              48C02-1810-JT-171
                                                        48C02-1810-JT-172
The Indiana Department of
Child Services,
Appellee-Petitioner.



Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1140| November 14, 2019            Page 1 of 10
      Bradford, Judge.



                                               Case Summary
[1]   J.W. (“Father”) and S.C. (“Mother”),1 (collectively “Parents”), are the

      biological parents of J.C. (born July 28, 2004) and C.W. (born November 16,

      2010), (collectively “the Children”). In January of 2017, the Children were

      adjudicated to be children in need of services (“CHINS”) after Parents admitted

      to such due to substance abuse issues. In October of 2018, the Department of

      Child Services (“DCS”) petitioned for the termination of Parents’ parental

      rights. On April 22, 2019, the juvenile court ordered that Parents’ rights to the

      Children be terminated. Father contends that the juvenile court’s termination of

      his parental rights was clearly erroneous. We affirm.



                                Facts and Procedural History
[2]       On October 21, 2016, DCS removed the Children from Mother’s home due to

      concerns over substance abuse. DCS was unable to locate Father at the time of



      1
          Mother does not appeal the termination of her parental rights.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1140| November 14, 2019   Page 2 of 10
      removal. On October 25, 2016, DCS petitioned for the Children to be

      adjudicated CHINS. On January 10, 2017, Parents appeared before the juvenile

      court and admitted that the Children were CHINS due to substance abuse. On

      February 15, 2017, the juvenile court held a dispositional hearing on the

      CHINS petition and ordered Father to, inter alia, maintain weekly contact with

      DCS; notify DCS of any changes in address, household composition,

      employment, telephone number, or any criminal charges within five days;

      enroll in any programs recommended by the family case manager (“FCM”);

      refrain from any use or possession of illegal drugs; complete a substance-abuse

      assessment and follow all recommendations; submit to random drug screens;

      participate in home-based counseling and individual and family therapy; and

      attend scheduled visitation with the Children. That same month, Father was

      arrested and charged with Level 6 felony methamphetamine possession.


[3]   On October 4, 2017, the juvenile court held a review hearing and found that

      Father’s visitation services were closed out for inconsistent attendance, and

      after being reinstated, were again suspended upon the advice of the Children’s

      therapist after J.C. refused to attend. Father’s home-based casework was also

      closed out for noncompliance. On May 30, 2018, the juvenile court conducted a

      modification hearing and found that Father had “consistently failed to comply

      with services with the only active service being individual therapy for [Father],

      a service focused on his substance issues, and not on the children.” Appellant’s

      App. Vol. II p. 20. As a result, the juvenile court added a concurrent

      permanency plan of adoption. On October 17, 2018, DCS petitioned for the


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1140| November 14, 2019   Page 3 of 10
      termination of Parents’ parental rights. The juvenile court held evidentiary

      hearings on October 17, November 21, and December 4, 2018, and January 22

      and February 19, 2019.


[4]   At an evidentiary hearing, J.C. testified that she could not remember the last

      time she had seen her Father and asked the juvenile court to “[g]et [her] as close

      to adoption as they can.” Tr. p. 34. Court-appointed special advocate

      (“CASA”) Traci Barber later testified that as a result of having had to testify in

      this matter, J.C. “felt suicidal” and had to have her therapy increased. Tr. p. 86.

      CASA Barber also testified that she believed there was no reasonable

      probability that the reasons that resulted in the Children’s removal would be

      remedied and that the Parents’ parental rights should be terminated.


[5]   FCM Rob Belt testified that he did not believe there was a reasonable

      probability that the conditions that lead to the Children’s removal would be

      remedied and that adoption of the Children was in their best interests. FCM

      Belt cited Father’s continued drug use throughout this matter, which consisted

      of positive drug screens for methamphetamine, amphetamine, cocaine, and

      THC. FCM Belt testified that Father had failed to maintain weekly contact with

      DCS or participate in family counseling and only started participating in

      individual counseling toward the end of this case. On April 22, 2019, the

      juvenile court ordered that Father’s parental rights in the Children be

      terminated.



                                Discussion and Decision
      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1140| November 14, 2019   Page 4 of 10
[6]   The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the

      traditional right of parents to establish a home and raise their children. Bester v.

      Lake Cty. Office of Family & Children, 839 N.E.2d 143, 147 (Ind. 2005). “Though

      it’s been oft-stated, it bears repeating: the parent–child relationship is one of the

      most valued relationships in our culture.” Matter of M.I., 127 N.E.3d 1168,

      1170–71 (Ind. 2019) (internal quotations and citations omitted). Parental rights,

      however, are not absolute and must be subordinated to the child’s interests

      when determining the proper disposition of a petition to terminate the parent–

      child relationship. Bester, 839 N.E.2d at 147. Therefore, when parents are

      unwilling or unable to fulfill their parental responsibilities their rights may be

      terminated. Id.


[7]   In reviewing the termination of parental rights on appeal, we neither reweigh

      the evidence nor judge the credibility of witnesses. Doe v. Daviess Cty. Div. of

      Children & Family Servs., 669 N.E.2d 192, 194 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996), trans. denied.

      We consider only the evidence and reasonable inferences therefrom which are

      most favorable to the juvenile court’s judgment. Id. Where, as here, a juvenile

      court has entered findings of facts and conclusions of law, our standard of

      review is two-tiered. Id. First, we determine whether the evidence supports the

      factual findings, second, whether the factual findings support the judgment. Id.

      The juvenile court’s findings and judgment will only be set aside if found to be

      clearly erroneous. Id. A finding is clearly erroneous if no facts or inferences

      drawn therefrom support it. In re R.J., 829 N.E.2d 1032, 1035 (Ind. Ct. App.

      2005). “A judgment is clearly erroneous if the findings do not support the

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1140| November 14, 2019   Page 5 of 10
      juvenile court’s conclusions or the conclusions do not support the judgment.”

      Id.


[8]   Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b) dictates what DCS is required to establish to

      support a termination of parental rights. Of relevance to this case, DCS was

      required to establish by clear and convincing evidence


               (B) that one (1) of the following is true:

                        (i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions
                        that resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for
                        placement outside the home of the parents will not be
                        remedied.

                        (ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation
                        of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-
                        being of the child.

                        (iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been
                        adjudicated a child in need of services[.]

                        [and]

               (C) that termination is in the best interests of the child[.]


      Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2).2 In challenging the sufficiency of the evidence to

      sustain the termination of his parental rights, Father contends that the juvenile

      court erred by concluding that (1) there is a reasonable probability that the




      2
       It is not disputed that the Children had been removed from Father for at least six months under a
      dispositional decree and that there was a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the Children, both
      required findings pursuant to Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2).

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1140| November 14, 2019                   Page 6 of 10
       conditions that resulted in the Children’s removal would not be remedied and

       (2) termination of his parental rights was in the Children’s best interests.3



                     I. Indiana Code Section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B)
[9]    Father contends that there is insufficient evidence to establish a reasonable

       probability that the conditions that resulted in the Children’s removal would

       not be remedied.


[10]            In determining whether the conditions that resulted in the
                child[ren]’s removal…will not be remedied, we engage in a two-
                step analysis[.] First, we identify the conditions that led to
                removal; and second, we determine whether there is a reasonable
                probability that those conditions will not be remedied. In the
                second step, the trial court must judge a parent’s fitness as of the
                time of the termination proceeding, taking into consideration
                evidence of changed conditions—balancing a parent’s recent
                improvements against habitual pattern[s] of conduct to determine
                whether there is a substantial probability of future neglect or
                deprivation. We entrust that delicate balance to the trial court,
                which has discretion to weigh a parent’s prior history more
                heavily than efforts made only shortly before termination.
                Requiring trial courts to give due regard to changed conditions
                does not preclude them from finding that parents’ past behavior
                is the best predictor of their future behavior.




       3
        Father also seemingly contends that the juvenile court erroneously concluded that the continuation of the
       parent–child relationship poses a threat to the well-being of the child. However, because the juvenile court
       never reached this conclusion, we will not address this claim.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1140| November 14, 2019                  Page 7 of 10
       In re E.M., 4 N.E.3d 636, 642–43 (Ind. 2014) (internal citations, quotations, and

       footnote omitted, first and third set of brackets in original, second set added).


[11]   The condition that led to the Children’s removal was substance abuse. We

       conclude that DCS has produced ample evidence to establish a reasonable

       probability that this condition would not be remedied. First, Father was

       arrested and charged with Level 6 felony methamphetamine possession. Father

       has also screened positive for illegal drugs twelve times. Father has tested

       positive for opiates, cocaine, methamphetamine, amphetamines, and THC.

       Moreover, Father has failed to maintain sobriety throughout this matter or

       complete ordered services. Although Father completed his substance-abuse

       assessment, he failed to attend in-patient treatment as recommended. CASA

       Barber testified that “Father has been unable to consistently stay clean

       throughout the case” and has been unable to finish services. Tr. p. 86. While it

       is true that Father completed an out-patient program in November of 2018

       shortly before the termination proceedings began, the juvenile court was

       entitled to conclude that this was outweighed by Father’s history of drug use

       throughout this matter and did so. See K.T.K. v. Ind. Dept. of Child Servs.,

       Dearborn Cty. Office, 989 N.E.2d 1225, 1234 (Ind. 2013) (concluding that the trial

       court was within its discretion to disregard Mother’s efforts that were made

       only shortly before termination and to weigh more heavily Mother’s history of

       conduct prior to said efforts). The juvenile court did not abuse its discretion by

       concluding that the conditions that led to the Children’s removal would not be

       remedied.


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1140| November 14, 2019   Page 8 of 10
                   II. Indiana Code Section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(C)
[12]   Father contends that there is insufficient evidence to support the juvenile court’s

       conclusion that termination of his parental rights was in the Children’s best

       interests. We are mindful that, in determining what is in the best interests of a

       child, the juvenile court must look beyond factors identified by DCS and

       consider the totality of the evidence. In re J.S., 906 N.E.2d 226, 236 (Ind. Ct.

       App. 2009). The juvenile court need not wait until a child is irreversibly harmed

       before terminating the parent–child relationship because it must subordinate the

       interests of the parents to those of the children. McBride v. Monroe Cty. Office of

       Family & Children, 798 N.E.2d 185, 203 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003). We have

       previously held that recommendations from the FCM and CASA to terminate

       parental rights, in addition to evidence that conditions resulting in removal will

       not be remedied, is sufficient evidence to show that termination is in the child’s

       best interests. In re J.S., 906 N.E.2d at 236.

[13]   CASA Barber testified that termination of Father’s parental rights and adoption

       was in the Children’s best interests. FCM Belt also testified that adoption was in

       the Children’s best interests. While coupling that testimony with our previous

       conclusion that there was sufficient evidence to show that the conditions of

       removal would not be remedied is sufficient to support the juvenile court’s

       termination of Father’s parental rights, it is not as though this testimony is

       unsupported by other evidence in the record.


[14]   In addition to his inability to maintain sobriety, Father admitted that in over

       two years since this matter began, he has not completed a single service that

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1140| November 14, 2019   Page 9 of 10
       was ordered by the juvenile court. Moreover, visitation was closed out because

       of Father’s failure to attend, and once reopened, it was ceased due the

       recommendation of the Children’s therapist after J.C. refused to attend. Last,

       Father’s relationship with the Children appears to be harmful to their well-

       being. J.C. requested that the juvenile court “[g]et [her] as close to adoption as

       they can.” Tr. p. 34. Following that testimony, CASA Barber explained that

       J.C.’s therapy had to be intensified because she felt suicidal. The Children’s

       foster parent Amy Wolfe also testified that following J.C.’s testimony, she was

       “extremely emotionally fragile,” and “[they] had to up a lot of her services.” Tr.

       p. 82. Wolfe testified, however, that since being placed in her home the

       Children are “flourishing.” Id. J.C. is a member of the high school dance team

       and has made several friends. C.W. is in gymnastics, girl scouts, and making

       tremendous strides academically. Considering the totality of the evidence,

       Father has failed to establish that the juvenile court’s determination that

       termination was in the Children’s best interest was clearly erroneous.


[15]   The judgment of the juvenile court is affirmed.


       Vaidik, C.J., and Riley, J., concur.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-1140| November 14, 2019   Page 10 of 10
