09-2755-ag
Q iu v. H older


                              UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                  FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                         SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMM ARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A
SUM M ARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY
FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. W HEN
CITING A SUM M ARY ORDER IN A DOCUM ENT FILED W ITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE
EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (W ITH THE NOTATION
“SUMM ARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMM ARY ORDER M UST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON
ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.


      At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at
the Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse, 500 Pearl Street, in the City of New
York, on the 31 st day of August, two thousand ten.

PRESENT:         ROBERT D. SACK,
                 REENA RAGGI,
                 GERARD E. LYNCH,
                         Circuit Judges.
---------------------------------------------------------
HAI HUA QIU,1
                         Petitioner,

                      v.                                                     No. 09-2755-ag

ERIC H. HOLDER, JR., UNITED STATES
ATTORNEY GENERAL,
                         Respondent.
---------------------------------------------------------
FOR PETITIONER:                                   HENRY ZHANG, New York, New York.

FOR RESPONDENT:                                   ARI NAZAROV, Trial Attorney (Tony West,
                                                  Assistant Attorney General & Blair T. O’Connor,
                                                  Assistant Director, on brief), Office of
                                                  Immigration Litigation, United States Department
                                                  of Justice, Washington, D.C.


            1
                The Clerk of Court is directed to amend the caption to read as shown above.
       UPON DUE CONSIDERATION of this petition for review of a Board of Immigration

Appeals (“BIA”) decision, it is hereby ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the

petition for review is DENIED.

       Petitioner Hai Hua Qiu, a native of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”), seeks

review of a June 9, 2009 order of the BIA reversing Immigration Judge (“IJ”) Robert D.

Weisel’s decision to grant Qiu’s petition for asylum. See In re Hai Hua Qui, No. A098 998

310 at 2 (B.I.A. June 9, 2009), rev’g No. A098 998 310 (Immig. Ct. N.Y. City June 28,

2007). Under the circumstances of this case, we review the BIA’s decision alone. See Yan

Chen v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 268, 271 (2d Cir. 2005). We review the BIA’s findings of fact

for “substantial evidence,” and review de novo legal issues and the application of law to fact.

See Castro v. Holder, 597 F.3d 93, 99 (2d Cir. 2010). In applying these standards, we

assume familiarity with the facts and procedural history, which we reference only as

necessary to explain our decision to deny the petition.

       In seeking asylum, Qiu claimed that corrupt local government officials offered

inadequate compensation for the demolition of her family’s home and arrested her for

impeding her family’s eviction. She now asserts that the BIA erred as a matter of law in

concluding that these circumstances failed to demonstrate (1) persecution (2) on account of

political belief. See 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42) (requiring asylum applicant to demonstrate well-

founded fear of persecution on account of “race, religion, nationality, membership in a

particular social group, or political opinion”). We disagree.

                                              2
       As this court has ruled, a person’s “mere subjection” to an opposed policy or practice

of general application “will not itself qualify as persecution ‘on account of’ political

opinion.” Yueqing Zhang v. Gonzales, 426 F.3d 540, 545 (2d Cir. 2005). Nevertheless,

“opposition to endemic corruption or extortion . . . may have a political dimension when it

transcends mere self-protection and represents a challenge to the legitimacy or authority of

the ruling regime.” Id. at 547-48. In such cases, we query whether an applicant’s opposition

was “directed toward a governing institution, or only against individuals whose corruption

was aberrational, and whether the persecutor was attempting to suppress a challenge to the

governing institution, as opposed to a challenge to isolated, aberrational acts of greed or

malfeasance.” Id. at 548 (citation and quotation marks omitted). Applying these principles

here, we identify nothing in the record indicating that Qiu’s opposition was grounded in

anything beyond her personal circumstances or represented the kind of broader challenge to

governing institutions that we have found could constitute a political opinion. See id. at 542-

43.

       Contrary to Qiu’s argument, the BIA did not exceed its authority in reversing the IJ’s

conclusion that Qiu’s treatment was on account of a political opinion. The BIA has authority

to review an IJ’s conclusions of law de novo, including conclusions about whether harm was

inflicted “on account of” a protected ground. See 8 C.F.R. § 1003.1(d)(3)(ii); see also Matter

of A-S-B-, 24 I. & N. Dec. 493, 497 (B.I.A. 2008). Because we conclude that the BIA did

not err in deciding that Qiu’s treatment was not on account of a political opinion, we need

                                              3
not address her challenge to the BIA’s determination that her treatment did not amount to

past persecution or that she did not possess a fear of future persecution.

       We have considered Qiu’s other arguments on appeal and conclude that they are

without merit. Accordingly, Qiu’s petition for review is DENIED and her motion for a stay

of removal is DISMISSED as moot.

                                    FOR THE COURT:
                                    CATHERINE O’HAGAN WOLFE, Clerk of Court




                                              4
