15-1071-cv
Levin v. United States

                                  UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                     FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                          SUMMARY ORDER
Rulings by summary order do not have precedential effect. Citation to a summary order filed
on or after January 1, 2007, is permitted and is governed by Federal Rule of Appellate
Procedure 32.1 and this Court’s Local Rule 32.1.1. When citing a summary order in a
document filed with this Court, a party must cite either the Federal Appendix or an
electronic database (with the notation “summary order”). A party citing a summary order
must serve a copy of it on any party not represented by counsel.

       At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at
the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York,
on the 7th day of March, two thousand sixteen.

PRESENT:            JOSÉ A. CABRANES,
                    BARRINGTON D. PARKER,
                    GERARD E. LYNCH,
                                 Circuit Judges.


JEREMY LEVIN AND DR. LUCILLE LEVIN,

                    Petitioners-Appellants,

                             v.                                 No. 15-1071-cv

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                    Plaintiff-Counter-Defendant-Appellee,

FIONA HAVLISH, INDIVIDUALLY AND ON BEHALF OF
THE ESTATE OF DONALD G. HAVLISH, JR., ET AL.,

                    Plaintiff-Appellee,

STEVEN M. GREENBAUM ET AL.,

                    Consolidated Plaintiffs-Appellees,

ESTATE OF MICHAEL HEISER ET AL.,

                    Claimants-Appellees,

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ALL RIGHT, TITLE, AND INTEREST OF ASSA
CORPORATION, ASSA COMPANY LIMITED, AND BANK
MELLI IRAN IN 650 FIFTH AVENUE COMPANY ET AL.,

                Defendants-Appellees,

ALL RIGHT, TITLE, AND INTEREST IN 650 FIFTH
AVENUE ET AL.,

                Defendants-in-Rem.


FOR PETITIONERS-APPELLANTS:                                 Don Howarth & Suzelle M. Smith,
                                                            Howarth & Smith, Los Angeles, CA.

FOR CLAIMANTS-APPELLEES:                                    Liviu Vogel, Salon Marrow Dyckman
                                                            Newman Broudy LLP, New York, NY.

FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:                           Michael D. Lockard, Martin S. Bell &
                                                            Anna M. Skotko, Assistant United States
                                                            Attorneys, for Preet Bharara, United States
                                                            Attorney for the Southern District of New
                                                            York, New York, NY.

     Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern District of
New York (Katherine B. Forrest, Judge).

     UPON DUE CONSIDERATION WHEREOF, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED,
ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the judgment of the District Court is AFFIRMED.

        Petitioners-appellants Jeremy Levin and Dr. Lucille Levin (the “Levins”) appeal from a
March 12, 2015 order of the District Court (Katherine B. Forrest, Judge) denying their motion to
intervene under Rules 24(a) and (b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. See Order on Mot. to
Intervene, In re 650 Fifth Ave., No. 08-CV-10934 (KBF) (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 12, 2015), ECF No. 1299
(“March 12 Order”). We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural
history of the case, and the issues on appeal.

        The District Court held that (1) it “lack[ed] jurisdiction to entertain the Levins’ motion to
intervene because this case is currently on appeal before the Second Circuit,” id. at 1; (2) the Levins’
motion was untimely, id. at 2–4; and (3) the Levins “failed to show a direct, substantial, and legally




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protectable interest in the” properties that were the subject of the action in which the Levins sought
to intervene, id. at 4–5. We affirm on the second of these grounds, the only ground we need reach.1

        “Because of the fact-intensive nature of an intervention decision, we review for ‘abuse of
discretion’ a district court’s order denying intervention as of right [under Rule 24(a)] or by
permission [under Rule 24(b)].” Floyd v. City of New York, 770 F.3d 1051, 1057 (2d Cir. 2014).2 An
abuse of discretion “occurs when (1) the court’s decision rests on an error of law or clearly
erroneous factual finding, or (2) its decision cannot be located within the range of permissible
decisions.” CBS Broad. Inc. v. FilmOn.com, Inc., —F.3d—, 2016 WL 611903, at *9 (2d Cir. Feb. 16,
2016) (alterations and internal quotation marks omitted).

         More specifically, whether a motion to intervene is timely is a “decision . . . entrusted to the
district judge’s sound discretion.” Floyd, 770 F.3d at 1058 (internal quotation marks omitted). “[T]he
timeliness requirement is flexible” and “defies precise definition,” but “[f]actors to consider in
determining timeliness include” the following:

        (a) the length of time the applicant knew or should have known of its interest before
        making the motion; (b) prejudice to existing parties resulting from the applicant’s
        delay; (c) prejudice to the applicant if the motion is denied; and (d) the presence of
        unusual circumstances militating for or against a finding of timeliness.

Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).

         Here, the District Court accurately recited this standard, and then applied it in a manner that
yielded a conclusion we cannot say was not “located within the range of permissible decisions.” CBS
Broad., 2016 WL 611903, at *9. As the District Court correctly found, “[t]he Levins knew or should
have known for several years of their interest in” the properties at issue. Mar. 12 Order at 3. As early
as December 2008, the Treasury Department publicized its “designation” of defendants-appellees



    1
      We need not consider the District Court’s holding that it lacked jurisdiction because “the
Supreme Court has barred the assumption of hypothetical jurisdiction only where the potential lack
of jurisdiction is a constitutional question.” United States v. Canova, 412 F.3d 331, 344 (2d Cir. 2005)
(internal quotation marks omitted). The jurisdictional question here relates not to a constitutional
directive, but to “a judge made rule.” See United States v. Salerno, 868 F.2d 524, 540 (2d Cir. 1989)
(“[T]he . . . divestiture of jurisdiction rule is . . . a judge made rule originally devised in the context of
civil appeals to avoid confusion or waste of time resulting from having the same issues before two
courts at the same time.” (internal quotation marks omitted)); see also United States v. Rodgers, 101 F.3d
247, 251 (2d Cir. 1996) (“The divestiture of jurisdiction rule is . . . not a per se rule. It is a judicially
crafted rule rooted in the interest of judicial economy . . . .”).
        2
        “‘[A]buse of discretion’ is a distinctive term of art that is not meant as a derogatory
statement about the district judge whose decision is found wanting.” Vill. of Freeport v. Barrella, —
F.3d—, 2016 WL 611877, at *7 (2d Cir. Feb. 16, 2016) (internal quotation marks omitted).

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Assa Corp. and Assa Co. Ltd. “for being controlled by, and for acting for or on behalf of, Iran’s
Bank Melli, and for having provided financial support for, or services in support of, Bank Melli.
Bank Melli was previously designated under [an executive order] . . . aimed at freezing the assets of
proliferators of weapons of mass destruction.” Press Release, U.S. Dep’t of Treasury, Treasury
Designates Bank Melli Front Company in New York City (Dec. 17, 2008). This designation received
significant media attention, as did “the Justice Department[’s] . . . initiati[on] [of] legal action to take
control of the Assa Corporation’s stake in [the property] and to seize funds from Assa’s bank
accounts.” Anahad O’Connor, Assets Seized at Company Suspected of Funneling Money to Iran, N.Y. Times
(Dec. 17, 2008). Additionally, the United States Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New
York posted notice of this action on an official government website in December 2009. See A-481–
85. Yet the Levins did not file their motion to intervene until February 4, 2015. See Mar. 12 Order at
3.

         What is more, the Levins admit that, even under their own questionable assessment of when
their “need . . . to move to intervene was triggered,” it still took them eight or 10 months to do so.
See Pet’rs’ Br. at 21 (describing lapse of time as 10 months); Pet’rs’ Reply Br. at 16 (describing lapse
of time as eight months). In this Circuit, proposed intervenors have been “denied intervention when
the lapse of time has been the same or less than in the case at hand.” United States v. Pitney Bowes, Inc.,
25 F.3d 66, 71 (2d Cir. 1994) (affirming district court’s denial of motion to intervene as untimely
where proposed intervenor had “actual knowledge for eight months before filing its motion”).

         The Levins argue that “[t]he district court was led into error when it found that [their]
intervention would prejudice the current plaintiffs in that it would complicate the current settlement
agreement between the judgment-creditor plaintiffs and the Government.” Pet’rs’ Br. at 27
(alterations and internal quotation marks omitted). But in so finding, the District Court relied on
well-established Circuit law. See D’Amato v. Deutsche Bank, 236 F.3d 78, 84 (2d Cir. 2001) (affirming
district court’s denial of motion to intervene “where intervention would jeopardize a settlement
between the existing parties”); Pitney Bowes, 25 F.3d at 72 (“[J]eopardizing a settlement agreement
causes prejudice to the existing parties to a lawsuit.”).

         Indeed, the facts of this case align closely with those underlying In re Holocaust Victim Assets
Litigation, 225 F.3d 191 (2d Cir. 2000). In that case, “the parties engaged in extensive negotiations,
lasting more than a year, before reaching an agreement. Once the parties submitted the written
[s]ettlement . . . [,] [the intervenors] waited another eight months before moving to intervene.” Id. at
198. We affirmed the district court’s denial of the intervenors’ motion, in large part because
“intervention at th[at] late stage would [have] prejudice[d] the existing parties by destroying their
[s]ettlement and sending them back to the drawing board.” Id. at 199.

       For all of these reasons, we conclude that the District Court did not abuse its discretion in
denying the Levins’ motion to intervene as untimely.


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                                        CONCLUSION

       We have considered all of petitioners-appellants’ other arguments on appeal and found them
to be without merit. Accordingly, we AFFIRM the District Court’s March 12, 2015 order.

                                                    FOR THE COURT:
                                                    Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk




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