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                                      Appellate Court                           Date: 2018.02.20
                                                                                14:57:37 -06'00'




             Gleeson Asphalt, Inc. v. City of Collinsville, 2017 IL App (5th) 170059



Appellate Court          GLEESON ASPHALT, INC., Plaintiff-Appellee, v. THE CITY OF
Caption                  COLLINSVILLE, ILLINOIS, Defendant-Appellant.



District & No.           Fifth District
                         Docket No. 5-17-0059



Filed                    December 5, 2017



Decision Under           Appeal from the Circuit Court of St. Clair County, No. 16-L-231; the
Review                   Hon. Christopher T. Kolker, Judge, presiding.



Judgment                 Affirmed.


Counsel on               Steven Giacoletto, of Giacoletto Law Firm, of Collinsville, for
Appeal                   appellant.

                         Stephen M. Kernan, of Cook, Ysursa, Bartholomew, Brauer &
                         Shevlin, Ltd., of Belleville, for appellee.



Panel                    JUSTICE GOLDENHERSH delivered the judgment of the court, with
                         opinion.
                         Justices Chapman and Overstreet concurred in the judgment and
                         opinion.
                                              OPINION

¶1       This appeal arises from a complaint filed by plaintiff, Gleeson Asphalt, Inc., against
     defendant, the City of Collinsville, Illinois, in the circuit court of St. Clair County. Defendant
     subsequently filed a motion for transfer to proper venue, asserting plaintiff’s action should be
     transferred to the circuit court of Madison County because defendant’s principal office is
     located exclusively in Madison County and the transactions giving rise to plaintiff’s cause of
     action occurred in Madison County. The trial court denied defendant’s motion, noting
     plaintiff’s pleadings alleged that part of the underlying occurrences giving rise to its cause of
     action occurred in St. Clair County. Defendant filed a timely notice of appeal. For the
     following reasons, we affirm.

¶2                                          BACKGROUND
¶3        Plaintiff filed a complaint against defendant on April 25, 2016, in the circuit court of
     St. Clair County, alleging defendant failed to pay plaintiff for a construction project
     completed in the city of Collinsville. The complaint indicates plaintiff is an Illinois
     corporation licensed and doing business in the State of Illinois (State), and defendant is a
     municipal corporation under the laws of the State whose boundaries encompass properties
     located in both Madison County and St. Clair County. The pertinent details of plaintiff’s
     complaint are as follows.
¶4        The complaint asserted that on or about July 19, 2012, plaintiff was awarded a contract
     with the State for construction and improvements to South Clinton Street located in
     Collinsville, part of which street and improvements were located in St. Clair County (Clinton
     Project). The complaint indicates Oates & Associates, a civil and structural engineering firm
     licensed in Illinois, was employed by defendant as its project engineer.
¶5        After several delays to the project, plaintiff alleged defendant “acknowledged the delay
     and agreed [plaintiff] would have additional expenses due” via an e-mail dated May 3, 2013,
     signed by David Ogle. Ogle was an engineer employed by Oates & Associates. Plaintiff
     alleged Ogle’s e-mail stated that defendant agreed to pay the additional expenses incurred by
     plaintiff due to the project being delayed and further stated it wished to handle plaintiff’s
     claims for payment of additional expenses separate from plaintiff’s existing contract with the
     State. The complaint indicated the work to be performed by plaintiff was still controlled by
     its contract with the State, which provided plaintiff was:
              “to do all the work, furnish all materials and all labor necessary to complete the work
              in accordance with the plans and specifications hereinafter described, and in full
              compliance with all of the terms of this agreement.”
     Plaintiff alleged the additional expenses it incurred due to delays in the project totaled
     $159,525.81. Plaintiff argued that, despite its compliance with the plans for the Clinton
     Project and the Illinois Department of Transportation’s standard specifications for such
     construction, defendant failed to make any payments.
¶6        Defendant filed a motion to transfer venue to Madison County on June 7, 2016, alleging
     there was no transaction or some part thereof that occurred in St. Clair County that would
     provide the circuit court of St. Clair County with jurisdiction over plaintiff’s cause of action.
     Defendant asserted plaintiff’s complaint arises out of construction and improvements to


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     South Clinton Street in Collinsville, Illinois, all of which is located in Madison County.
     Defendant’s motion acknowledged defendant is an Illinois municipal corporation with
     corporate limits located in both Madison County and St. Clair County but noted its principal
     office is located exclusively in Madison County. Defendant further claimed there was no
     contract between plaintiff and defendant that would give rise to the allegations in plaintiff’s
     complaint, and even if there was, any major public improvements contracted by defendant
     would have to be approved by defendant’s city council at city hall, which is exclusively
     located in Madison County. Defendant also noted plaintiff’s complaint alleged Oates &
     Associates was an agent of defendant and stated Oates & Associates is located entirely in
     Madison County.
¶7       Plaintiff filed a response to defendant’s motion to transfer on August 23, 2016, asserting
     defendant’s motion should be denied because at least some of defendant’s wrongful conduct
     regarding the contract occurred in St. Clair County and all of defendant’s tortious conduct
     occurred in St. Clair County. In support of its position, plaintiff noted the website of Oates &
     Associates, which again plaintiff claimed was an agent of defendant, disclosed it has an
     office in St. Clair County, and Oates & Associates sent e-mails directed to the offices of
     plaintiff in St. Clair County. Regarding defendant’s claim that there was no valid contract
     between the parties, plaintiff argued defendant’s communication through Ogle of Oates &
     Associates in the May 3, 2013, e-mail evidences the agreement between the parties to handle
     this portion of plaintiff’s expenses separate from plaintiff’s contract with the State. Plaintiff
     asserted defendant was at least a third-party beneficiary of that contract. Plaintiff further
     noted that defendant’s street department is located in St. Clair County, and the director of
     defendant’s street department, Rod Cheatham, sent a letter to plaintiff’s office in St. Clair
     County regarding the Clinton Project. Plaintiff asserted the representations made by
     defendant’s agents were directed to plaintiff at its offices located in St. Clair County and
     presumably originated, at least regarding the director of defendant’s street department, in
     St. Clair County. Moreover, plaintiff argued defendant’s alleged conduct of “attempts at
     financial ruin” was directed at plaintiff’s business operation in St. Clair County.
¶8       Plaintiff filed a two-count amended complaint against defendant on December 28, 2016,
     alleging breach of contract and tortious interference with contracts in relation to the Clinton
     Project and a similar project involving Camelot Drive, which is also located in Collinsville
     (Camelot Project). Plaintiff later filed a second amended complaint against defendant
     (plaintiff incorrectly titled this pleading “first amended complaint”), again alleging breach of
     contract and tortious interference with contracts in relation to the Clinton Project and
     Camelot Project, and adding a single count of tortious interference with prospective
     economic advantage.
¶9       A hearing on defendant’s motion to transfer venue to Madison County was held on
     February 1, 2017, which the court denied. The court noted that part of the allegations and the
     evidence appear to have occurred in St. Clair County and arise out of St. Clair County and
     the effects are being felt out of St. Clair County. The court further noted the offices of
     defendant’s street department are located in St. Clair County. In its written order entered on
     February 1, 2017, the court stated: “Defendant’s motion is denied as it is prayed by
     [plaintiff’s] pleadings that part of the underlying occurrences took place in St. Clair County
     ***.”



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¶ 10        Defendant filed a timely notice of appeal on February 21, 2017, seeking reversal of the
       trial court’s order denying defendant’s motion to transfer venue.

¶ 11                                             ANALYSIS
¶ 12       The single issue we are asked to address on appeal is whether the trial court erred in
       denying defendant’s motion to transfer plaintiff’s cause of action from St. Clair County to
       Madison County pursuant to section 2-103(a) of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code). 735
       ILCS 5/2-103(a) (West 2014).
¶ 13       The determination of proper statutory venue presents separate questions of fact and law
       because it requires a trial court to rule on the legal effect of its factual findings. Terada v. Eli
       Lilly & Co., 2015 IL App (5th) 140170, ¶ 20. As a reviewing court, we will not disturb a trial
       court’s findings of fact unless those findings are contrary to the manifest weight of the
       evidence. Terada, 2015 IL App (5th) 140170, ¶ 20. A decision is against the manifest weight
       of the evidence only where an opposite conclusion is apparent or where the findings appear
       to be unreasonable, arbitrary, or not based on the evidence presented. Corral v. Mervis
       Industries, Inc., 217 Ill. 2d 144, 155 (2005).
¶ 14       A reviewing court must not substitute its own judgment for that of the trier of fact.
       Corral, 217 Ill. 2d at 155. After reviewing the trial court’s factual findings, we apply de novo
       review to the legal effect of the trial court’s conclusions. Terada, 2015 IL App (5th) 140170,
       ¶ 20. The defendant bears the burden to prove the plaintiff’s selection of venue was
       improper. Terada, 2015 IL App (5th) 140170, ¶ 21. In doing so, the defendant must provide
       specific facts, not conclusions, and show a clear right to the relief requested. Terada, 2015 IL
       App (5th) 140170, ¶ 21. Any doubts that arise from the inadequacy of the record are resolved
       against the defendant. Corral, 217 Ill. 2d at 155.
¶ 15       Section 2-103(a) of the Code is applicable to the instant case because defendant is a
       municipal corporation. 735 ILCS 5/2-103(a) (West 2014). In relevant part, section 2-103(a)
       provides:
               “Actions must be brought against a public, municipal, governmental or
               quasi-municipal corporation in the county in which its principal office is located or in
               the county in which the transaction or some part thereof occurred out of which the
               cause of action arose.” (Emphases added.) 735 ILCS 5/2-103(a) (West 2014).
¶ 16       Here, it is undisputed that defendant’s principal office is located in Madison County.
       Thus, the question we must address concerns the transactional prong of the venue statute,
       namely whether the transaction or some part thereof out of which the instant cause of action
       arose occurred in St. Clair County.
¶ 17       When examining the transactional prong of the venue statute, a court must analyze two
       dependent variables in order to determine whether a particular venue is proper. Rensing v.
       Merck & Co., 367 Ill. App. 3d 1046, 1050 (2006). These variables are (1) the nature of the
       cause of action and (2) the place where the cause of action springs into existence. Rensing,
       367 Ill. App. 3d at 1050. When evaluating a case under these factors, we must consider that
       “transaction” has been defined to include every fact that is an integral part of a cause of
       action. Board of Education of Nippersink School District 2 v. Koch, 2012 IL App (2d) 120132,
       ¶ 13.



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¶ 18        The place where a transaction or some part thereof occurs causing an action to spring into
       existence is the place where any significant negotiations occurred between the parties, where
       an agreement was signed, the place where it was or was supposed to be performed, or where
       matters occurred that plaintiff has the burden of proving. Boxdorfer v. DaimlerChrysler
       Corp., 339 Ill. App. 3d 335, 344 (2003). Generally, the place where a cause of action springs
       into existence is the place where the parties’ direct dealings transpired while in an adversarial
       position or where events occurred that altered the parties’ legal relationships. Boxdorfer, 339
       Ill. App. 3d at 344.
¶ 19        After careful consideration, we find venue in this case is appropriate in St. Clair County.
       Lending support to our conclusion is the well-settled principle that we must take all
       well-pleaded facts of a plaintiff’s complaint as true at the pleading stage. Kaiser v.
       Doll-Pollard, 398 Ill. App. 3d 652, 656 (2010).
¶ 20        Here, plaintiff has alleged the underlying occurrences giving rise to its cause of action
       against defendant at least partially occurred in St. Clair County. The record shows plaintiff
       alleged it notified defendant, via an e-mail from plaintiff’s office in St. Clair County, about
       the additional expenses it would incur due to delays in the project. Thereafter, plaintiff
       alleged defendant’s project engineer responded to plaintiff’s e-mail and acknowledged
       defendant would handle these additional expenses separate from the existing contract
       between plaintiff and the State. Relying on defendant’s correspondence, plaintiff alleged it
       then mobilized its labor and material at its office in St. Clair County in order to commence
       work on the project. Plaintiff further asserted the offices of defendant’s street department,
       with whom plaintiff had communicated with regarding the Clinton Project, were located
       entirely in St. Clair County.
¶ 21        In sum, plaintiff alleges the underlying occurrences giving rise to its breach of contract
       and tortious interference claims at least partially occurred in St. Clair County. Because this
       case is before this court on the pleadings, the allegations of plaintiff’s complaint must be
       taken as true for purposes of a motion to transfer venue. Wieseman v. Kienstra, Inc., 237 Ill.
       App. 3d 721, 726 (1992). Here, plaintiff’s allegations satisfy the transactional prong of the
       municipal corporation venue statute (735 ILCS 5/2-103(a) (West 2014) (“Actions must be
       brought *** in the county in which the transaction or some part thereof occurred out of
       which the cause of action arose.”)).
¶ 22        We further find Superior Structures Co. v. City of Sesser, 277 Ill. App. 3d 653 (1996), to
       be apposite to the instant case. In Superior Structures Co., the plaintiff was an asphalt
       contractor who was hired to resurface streets pursuant to Illinois Department of
       Transportation specifications in the City of Sesser (Sesser). The plaintiff was located in
       Williamson County, while Sesser is located in Franklin County. Because there was asphalt
       left over after the project was completed, Sesser asked the plaintiff to apply the remaining
       asphalt to additional city streets in Sesser. These additional streets were not listed in the
       original contract.
¶ 23        The plaintiff completed the additional streets and left the project. After compaction
       studies ordered by Sesser’s mayor revealed that certain locations did not meet contract
       specifications, Sesser refused to pay the plaintiff the balance owed on the contract. The
       plaintiff then filed a breach of contract claim in Williamson County. The trial court found in
       favor of the plaintiff on the breach of contract claim. Sesser appealed.


                                                   -5-
¶ 24       On appeal, one of the arguments raised by Sesser alleged the trial court erred in denying
       its motion to transfer the case from Williamson County to Franklin County. Sesser argued the
       execution of the project contract in Williamson County was insufficient to establish venue.
       This court rejected Sesser’s argument, finding venue in Williamson County was appropriate.
       In reaching its decision, this court noted that “[i]n determining venue, the site where part of
       the transaction occurred includes the place where any significant negotiations were carried on
       between the parties and where the agreement was signed.” Superior Structures Co., 277 Ill.
       App. 3d at 657. Because the execution of the contract at issue was part of the transaction out
       of which the cause of action arose, and because the contract was partly signed in Williamson
       County, this court concluded venue in Williamson County was appropriate. Superior
       Structures Co., 277 Ill. App. 3d at 657.
¶ 25       Similar to this court’s conclusion in Superior Structures Co., we find venue in this case is
       appropriate in St. Clair County. Not only do the city limits of defendant encompass both
       St. Clair County and Madison County, but defendant’s street department, with whom
       plaintiff communicated via e-mail about the Clinton Project, is located in St. Clair County.
       Thus, significant correspondences between the parties took place in St. Clair County. More
       importantly, as previously discussed, plaintiff alleges the underlying occurrences giving rise
       to its claims occurred in St. Clair County, which we must take as true at the pleading stage.
       For these reasons, the trial court did not err in denying defendant’s motion to transfer venue.
¶ 26       Defendant argues there is no testimony or evidence that any of the allegations in
       plaintiff’s complaint occurred in St. Clair County, thereby implying the events occurred only
       in Madison County. Defendant contends a reading through each of the paragraphs of
       plaintiff’s complaint indicates there are no allegations of any transaction or occurrence taking
       place in St. Clair County. Defendant further argues there is no legal contract by law between
       the parties to begin with and cites a string of cases in support of its position that venue in
       St. Clair County is improper. These cases support defendant’s assertions that mailings and
       deliveries do not alone meet the transaction prong of the venue statute, preliminary acts alone
       are insufficient to invoke transactional venue, and the county where damages are suffered is
       insufficient to establish venue.
¶ 27       Contrary to defendant’s assertions, plaintiff does allege the occurrences giving rise to its
       claims took place in St. Clair County. We need not repeat the facts of plaintiff’s contract and
       tortious interference allegations discussed above that plaintiff claims occurred in St. Clair
       County. We further note that the face of plaintiff’s complaint asserts the Clinton Project
       included a “street and improvements” in St. Clair County. Plaintiff’s complaint stems from
       delays to this project. Moreover, defendant’s arguments ignore the well-settled principle that
       we must take all well-pleaded facts of a plaintiff’s complaint as true at the pleading stage.
       Kaiser, 398 Ill. App. 3d at 656. Because this case is before us on the pleadings, we must take
       plaintiff’s allegations that the occurrences giving rise to its claims occurred in St. Clair
       County as true. Accordingly, we reject defendant’s argument.

¶ 28                                          CONCLUSION
¶ 29        Plaintiff alleges the underlying occurrences of its claims took place in St. Clair County.
       Because we must accept well-pleaded facts of a complaint as true at the pleading stage, the
       trial court did not err in denying defendant’s motion to transfer venue. Accordingly, the


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       judgment of the circuit court of St. Clair County is affirmed.

¶ 30      Affirmed.




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