                                               KEN PAXTON
                                          ATTORNEY GENERAL OF TEXAS




                                                  June 9, 2015



The Honorable Kevin P. Eltife                                 Opinion No. KP-0024
Chair, Committee on Business and Commerce
Texas State Senate                                           Re: Construction of section 1304.1581 of the
Post Office Box 12068                                        Occupations Code, governing cancellations
Austin, Texas 78711-2068                                     and refunds of service contracts
                                                             (RQ-0001-KP)

Dear Senator Eltife:

        You ask about the cancellation and refund of a service contract. 1 Chapter 1304 of the
Occupations Code governs the administration of service contracts, through which a service
provider and a consumer enter into an agreement for the repair, replacement, or maintenance of a
product, or for payment to repair, replace, or maintain a product for a specified period of time. See
generally TEX. Occ. CODE ANN.§§ 1304.001-.205 (West 2012 & Supp. 2014) (Service Contract
Regulatory Act). Section 1304.1581 governs the cancellation of such an agreement by the
consumer and the refund to which he or she is entitled. Id § 1304.1581 (West 2012). Subsection
1304.1581(b)(l), applicable to cancellations within thirty days of purchase, states that a provider
"shall refund to the service contract holder or credit to the account of the service contract holder
the full purchase price of the contract, decreased by the amount of any claims 'paid under the
contract." Id § 1304.1581(b)(l). Likewise, subsection 1304.1581(c)(l), applicable to cancellations
made thirty-one or more days after purchase, states that a provider "shall refund to the service
contract holder or credit to the account of the service contract holder the prorated purchase price
of the contract ... decreased by the amount of any claims paid under the contract." Id.
§ 1304.1581(c)(l). 2 Finally, subsection 1_304.158l(d) states that "[a] provider may allow a service


         1
         See Letter from Honorable Kevin P. Eltife, Chair, Senate Comm. on Bus. & Commerce, to Honorable Greg
Abbott, Tex. Att'y Gen. at 1 (Dec. 30, 2014), https://www.texasattomeygeneral.gov/opinion/requests-for-opinion-rqs
("Request Letter").

         2
           Section 1304.159 governs the refund process when the cancellation is made by the service provider, stating
similarly in subsection (c) that a consumer "whose contract is canceled by the provider ... is entitled to a prorated
refund of the purchase price ... decreased by the amount of any claims paid under the contract." TEX. Occ. CODE
ANN.§ 1304.159(c)(West 2012).
The Honorable Kevin P. Eltife - Page 2                      (KP-0024)
                                                  '




contract holder to cancel a service contract on other terms included in the contract, provided the
terms do not conflict with this section." Id. § 1304.158l(d). You tell us that a vehicle service
contract provider amended its form agreement to specify that the amount of any previously paid
claims would be deducted from funds returned to the consumer upon cancellation, in conformity
with section 1304.1581, but was asked to remove such terms by a dealership through which the
service contract would be sold. 3 Request Letter at 1. You ask us "to clarify whether a service
contract provider has the discretion to not deduct the amount of any paid claims before issuing a
refund" or whether a provider must "reduce a refund by the amount of claims paid. " 4 Id. at 2.

        In construing a statute, a court's "primary objective is to ascertain the Legislature's intent,"
which a court does, "if possible, through the words the Legislature selected." Union Carbide Corp.
v. Synatzske, 438 S.W.3d 39, 51(Tex.2014). In addition, a court "derive[s] the Legislature's intent
from the statute as a whole, not by reading individual provisions in isolation." Id. Section
1304.1581 expressly provides that a service provider "shall refund" either the full purchase price
or a prorated purchase price-depending on the time of cancellation-"decreased by the amount
of any claims paid under the contract." TEX. Occ. CODE ANN.§ 1304.1581(b)-(c) (West 2012).
The word "shall" is generally recognized as a mandatory provision "creating a duty or obligation."
Helena Chem. Co. v. Wilkins, 47 S.W.3d 486, 493 (Tex. 2001); see also TEX. Gov'T CODE ANN.
§ 311.016(2) (West 2013) (providing that "shall" establishes "a duty").

        The Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation (the "Department"), which is
authorized to administer and enforce chapter 1304, takes the position that the word "shall" in
subsections 1304.158l(b) and (c) "is tied to the refund, whether full or prorated, and is not tied to
the deduction of claims paid." 5 The Department reasons that, because subsection 1304.158l(d)
specifically allows for cancellation pursuant to other contract terms, another contract provision
allowing for a refund with no deduction for claims already paid "would not ... be in conflict with
Section 1304.1581." Dep't Brief at 6. Instead, the Department maintains that section 1304.1581,
when "read as a whole ... establish[ es] a 'floor' or a minimum set of consumer protections for
service contract holders." Id. at 1.


         3
           Briefing received from a third-party administrator of vehicle service contracts states that the administrator
was "notified by two of its dealership customers" that the dealership's captive lender would no longer "approve the
vehicle service contract because it included language that decreased the customer's refund proceeds by the amount
of' previously paid claims. Brief from Mr. Christopher Wall, Gen. Counsel, Apex Prot., Inc. at 1 (Jan. 16, 2015) (on
file with Op. Comm.). "[A]s a result the vehicle service contracts could no longer be financed on the captive lender' s
retail installment contracts." Id.

         4
          Although your question concerns the underlying authority of the service provider and not the terms of the
service contract, we note that a service contract "must ... state the terms and restrictions governing cancellation of
the contract by the provider or the service contract holder before the expiration date of the contract." TEX. Occ. CODE
ANN.§ 1304.156(a)(4) (West 2012). In addition, "[a] provider . .. may not, in the provider's service contracts . . .
deliberately omit a material statement if the omission would be considered misleading." Id.§ 1304.16l(a)(2).

         5
          Brieffrom Mr. William H. Kuntz, Jr. , Exec. Dir., Tex. Dep't of Licensing & Regulation at 5 (Jan. 27, 2015)
(on file with Op. Comm.) ("Dep't Brief'); see also TEX. Occ. CODE ANN. §§ 1304.051, 1304.201-.202 (West 2012)
(authorizing the executive director of the Department to determine compliance with chapter 1304, impose disciplinary
action, and seek injunctive relief and civil penalties).
The Honorable Kevin P. Eltife - Page 3             (KP-0024)



        A court construing statutory language will assume that the Legislature has chosen the
language "deliberately and purposefully." Crosstex Energy Servs., L.P. v. Pro Plus, Inc., 430
S.W.3d 384, 390 (Tex. 2014). Like a court, "[w]e must not interpret the statute 'in a manner that
renders any part of the statute meaningless or superfluous."' Id. (citing Columbia Med. Ctr. of
Las Colinas, Inc. v. Hogue, 271 S.W.3d 238, 256 (Tex. 2008)). The Department's construction of
subsections 1304.1581(b) and (c) disregards the express language of the clause "decreased by the
amount of any claims paid under the contract," which can only modify the words "full purchase
price." TEX. Occ. CODE ANN.§ 1304.1581(b)-(c) (West 2012); see In re Readyone Indus., Inc.,
394 S.W.3d 689, 693 (Tex. App.-El Paso 2012, orig. proceeding) (explaining the last antecedent
rule, in which a qualifying phrase in a statute modifies "the words and phrases immediately
preceding it to which it may, without impairing the meaning of the sentence, be applied"). We
find no statutory language to suggest that the Legislature intended for this deduction from the
refund amount to be discretionary. By including this language, the Legislature has unambiguously
specified the amount that a service provider "shall" refund. A contract term providing for a refund
amount that deviates from the amount set by the Legislature is thus contrary to the statute.
Accordingly, even if the statutory language were ambiguous, we would not defer to the
Department's interpretation. See R.R. Comm 'n of Tex. v. Tex. Citizens for a Safe Future & Clean
Water, 336 S.W.3d 619, 624-25 (Tex. 2011) (stating that an agency's construction of a statute is
entitled to serious consideration only if it "does not conflict with the statute's language");
TracFone Wireless, Inc. v. Comm 'non State Emergency Commc 'ns, 397 S.W.3d 173, 182 (Tex.
2013) (explaining that deference to an agency's interpretation is appropriate only when a statute is
ambiguous).

         The Department questions the public policy of an interpretation that "require[ s] providers
to deduct claims paid from refunds to consumers, even if the providers do not want to deduct
claims." Dep't Brief at 7. As the Texas Supreme Court has stated, however, the task in statutory
construction "is to effectuate the Legislature's expressed intent" and "not to impose our personal
policy choices or 'to second-guess the policy choices that inform our statutes or to weigh the
effectiveness of their results."' Ritchie v. Rupe, 443 S.W.3d 856, 866 (Tex. 2014) (quoting Iliff v.
Iliff, 339 S.W.3d 74, 79 (Tex. 2011)). Moreover, the Legislature's stipulation that any other terms
governing cancellation in a service contract may "not conflict with [section 1304.1581 ]," TEX.
Occ. CODE ANN.§ 1304.158l(d) (West2012), does not mean that a service contract provider could
not "offer additional cancellation and refund rights to its service contracts holders, which exceed
those provided for in the statute." Dep't Brief at 6. It simply cannot do so in a manner that conflicts
with section 1304.1581. Guided by the plain language of the statute, a court would likely conclude
that section 13 04 .15 81 does not authorize a service provider to issue a service contract refund that
does not deduct the amount of any claims previously paid under the contract.
The Honorable Kevin P. Eltife - Page 4          (KP-0024)



                                     SUMMARY

                     A court would likely conclude that section 1304.1581 of the
              Occupations Code does not authorize a service provider to issue a
              service contract refund that does not deduct the amount of any
              claims previously paid under the contract.

                                            Very truly yours,




                                            KEN PAXTON
                                            Attorney General of Texas



CHARLES E. ROY
First Assistant Attorney General

BRANTLEY STARR
Deputy Attorney General for Legal Counsel

VIRGINIA K. HOELSCHER
Chair, Opinion Committee

BECKY P. CASARES
Assistant Attorney General, Opinion Committee
