                      NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
  UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                  AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.




                                     IN THE
              ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
                                 DIVISION ONE


                            DAPHNE N., Appellant,

                                         v.

                         MICHAEL B., A.B., Appellees.

                              No. 1 CA-JV 18-0094
                                FILED 8-28-2018


            Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
                              No. JS518391
             The Honorable Steven P. Lynch, Judge Pro Tempore

                                   AFFIRMED


                                    COUNSEL

John L. Popilek, PC, Scottsdale
By John L. Popilek
Counsel for Appellant

Law Office of Judith E. Abramsohn, Phoenix
By Judith Elaine Abramsohn
Counsel for Appellee Michael B.
                    DAPHNE N. v. MICHAEL B., A.B.
                        Decision of the Court



                      MEMORANDUM DECISION

Judge Kent E. Cattani delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Samuel A. Thumma and Judge Maria Elena Cruz joined.


C A T T A N I, Judge:

¶1             Daphne N. (“Mother”) appeals from the superior court’s
order in this private severance action terminating her parental rights to her
child A.B. For reasons that follow, we affirm.

             FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

¶2            Mother and Michael B. (“Father”) are the parents of A.B., born
in May 2012. In 2017, Father filed a petition to terminate Mother’s parental
rights to A.B. alleging abandonment. See Ariz. Rev. Stat. (“A.R.S.”) § 8-
533(B)(1).

¶3            At the resulting severance trial, Father testified that he and
Mother had dated briefly before Mother was arrested and sentenced to two
years in prison for a probation violation and a drug offense. About two
weeks after her arrest, Mother told Father she was pregnant. Before A.B.’s
birth, Father filed a petition in family court to establish paternity and for
child custody, and the court granted him temporary custody while Mother
remained incarcerated. Father took custody of A.B. just days after his birth,
and A.B. has lived with him ever since.

¶4             Father took A.B. to visit Mother in prison twice before her
release in late 2012, and she then visited A.B. three times before a February
2013 family court hearing. At that hearing, the family court entered orders
(in accordance with an agreement reached by Mother and Father)
establishing paternity, granting Father sole legal decision-making,
designating Father primary residential parent, and allowing Mother one
day (7 hours) of scheduled parenting time each week and daily voice or
video calls with A.B.

¶5             Despite the parenting time order, Mother visited A.B. only
approximately 10 times (one or two hours each time) in the more than four
years that followed, and she did not call him. Mother gave A.B. only a few
gifts, and she never provided any financial support for him. Mother last



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                     DAPHNE N. v. MICHAEL B., A.B.
                         Decision of the Court

saw A.B. in May 2016. Father denied preventing contact between Mother
and A.B., testifying instead that she simply stopped calling.

¶6            In contrast, Mother testified that she visited A.B. weekly
through the end of 2013, but that Father thereafter began restricting her
access to one visit every one or two months and had denied contact on
multiple occasions. Mother acknowledged, however, that she stopped
visiting A.B. from October 2015 through mid-2016 because of an ongoing
dependency proceeding brought by the Department of Child Safety
(“DCS”) as to her younger daughter, D.F. Mother also confirmed that she
had never provided monetary support for A.B.

¶7            Mother acknowledged a years-long struggle with drug
addiction. She described in particular on-and-off methamphetamine use
for 11 years. Mother testified that in the past she had been able to stay clean
for substantial periods of time, but had nevertheless relapsed. Her
addiction contributed to DCS’s involvement with D.F., who was
hospitalized after ingesting methamphetamine when less than one year old.
Although Mother initially claimed to have been clean for six years at the
time of D.F.’s drug exposure, she tested positive for amphetamines and
methamphetamine at that time. She tested negative for drugs for the next
several months, and D.F.’s dependency was dismissed in mid-2016.

¶8            Mother testified that she last used methamphetamine in July
2017, four months after Father filed the severance petition. She was again
arrested in September 2017 after police found stolen property and credit
cards in her residence, along with a firearm within D.F.’s reach. This arrest
led DCS to file a new dependency regarding D.F.

¶9             While on pretrial release for the resulting charges, Mother
voluntarily entered a residential drug treatment program, where—in her
view—she made substantial progress. But Mother subsequently pleaded
guilty to credit card theft and was sentenced to a stipulated one-year prison
term. Nevertheless, Mother testified that she planned to return to the
residential drug treatment program, and in fact anticipated being hired as
a staff member, after completing her prison term.

¶10          The superior court terminated Mother’s parental rights to
A.B., finding grounds for severance based on abandonment and that
severance would be in A.B.’s best interests. Mother timely appealed, and
we have jurisdiction under A.R.S. § 8-235(A).




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                      DAPHNE N. v. MICHAEL B., A.B.
                          Decision of the Court

                                 DISCUSSION

¶11            The superior court may terminate the parent–child
relationship if clear and convincing evidence establishes at least one
statutory ground for severance, and a preponderance of the evidence shows
severance to be in the child’s best interest. A.R.S. § 8-533; Kent K. v. Bobby
M., 210 Ariz. 279, 284, ¶ 22 (2005). We review the superior court’s severance
ruling for an abuse of discretion, deferring to the court’s credibility
determinations and factual findings. Mary Lou C. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec.,
207 Ariz. 43, 47, ¶ 8 (App. 2004); Jesus M. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 203 Ariz.
278, 280, ¶ 4 (App. 2002).

¶12            Mother challenges only the superior court’s best interests
finding; she does not dispute the finding of abandonment. Termination is
in a child’s best interests if the child would be harmed by the continuation
of the parent–child relationship or would benefit from severance. Mary Lou
C., 207 Ariz. at 50, ¶ 19.

¶13            Mother urges that absent a prospective adoptive mother,
severance would not benefit A.B. because he would be left with a “maternal
void” instead of the stability of a continued relationship with her.
Availability of a likely adoptive parent is one potential benefit relevant to a
best interests assessment, and absent other considerations, improbability of
adoption weighs against severance. See Titus S. v. Dep’t of Child Safety, 244
Ariz. 365, 370–71, ¶¶ 19–22 (App. 2018); see also Maricopa Cty. Juv. Action No.
JS-500274, 167 Ariz. 1, 6 (1990) (noting the “unspoken assumption that a
parent, even an inadequate one, is better than no parent at all unless the
child can somehow benefit from losing his natural parent”). But here,
Father has provided a safe and stable home for A.B. since birth, and
although there is no dispute that Mother loves A.B., her absence from his
life does not reflect the stable relationship she claims, but rather has itself
created a “maternal void.”

¶14          Moreover, the record supports the superior court’s conclusion
that maintaining the parent–child relationship risked harm to A.B. Despite
Mother’s plan to successfully overcome her years-long methamphetamine
addiction and her progress toward achieving that goal, the record supports
the superior court’s conclusion that Mother’s history of relapse into drug
abuse and her history of criminal activity put a child in her care at risk.
Mother has not shown that the superior court abused its discretion by
concluding that under the circumstances presented—including Mother’s
lengthy absence, her repeated criminal activity, and her history and future




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                   DAPHNE N. v. MICHAEL B., A.B.
                       Decision of the Court

risk of methamphetamine dependence—severance was in A.B.’s best
interests.

¶15           Accordingly, the record supports the superior court’s best
interests determination, and we affirm the ruling terminating Mother’s
parental rights to A.B.

                             CONCLUSION

¶16          The severance ruling is affirmed.




                        AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
                        FILED: AA




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