[Cite as Brigner v. Mount Carmel Health Sys., 2019-Ohio-4344.]

                             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

                                  TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT


Marilyn Brigner, Executor of the                   :
Estate of Larry Brigner,
                                                   :
                Plaintiff-Appellee,
                                                   :
v.                                                                   No. 19AP-496
                                                   :               (C.P.C. No. 19CV-1082)
Mount Carmel Health System et al.,
                                                   :             (REGULAR CALENDAR)
                Defendants-Appellees,
                                                   :
(William S. Husel, D.O.,
                                                   :
                Defendant-Appellant).
                                                   :



                                          D E C I S I O N

                                   Rendered on October 24, 2019


                Leeseberg & Valentine, Gerald S. Leeseberg, Anne M.
                Valentine, and Craig S. Tuttle, for appellee Marilyn Brigner,
                Executor of the Estate of Larry Brigner.

                Baker & Hostetler LLP, and John H. Burtch, for appellee
                Mount Carmel Health System.

                Arnold Todaro Welch & Foliano Co., L.P.A., and Gregory B.
                Foliano, for appellant.

                                     ON MOTION TO DISMISS

LUPER SCHUSTER, J.
        {¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, William S. Husel, D.O., appeals from an entry of the
Franklin County Court of Common Pleas denying a motion to stay proceedings in this
No. 19AP-496                                                                               2


medical malpractice case. The matter is now before the court on a motion by plaintiff-
appellee, Marilyn Brigner, to dismiss the appeal for lack of a final appealable order.
       {¶ 2} Appellee, as executor of the estate of her late husband, filed a complaint in
the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas commencing a medical negligence and
wrongful death action against Dr. Husel and Mount Carmel Health System.                  The
complaint alleges that the decedent was admitted to a Mount Carmel facility with
breathing difficulties and an altered mental state, and that Dr. Husel negligently or
intentionally instructed hospital staff to administer a lethal dose of fentanyl.         The
complaint alleges that Mount Carmel is vicariously liable for the claims asserted against
Dr. Husel, and that additional claims lie against Mount Carmel for negligent credentialing
and negligent supervision.
       {¶ 3} This civil case is one of many arising out of similar conduct by Dr. Husel,
and his actions have also given rise to criminal proceedings: On June 5, 2019, the
Franklin County Grand Jury returned indictments on 25 counts of murder arising from
the death of patients who had received lethal doses of fentanyl prescribed by Dr. Husel.
       {¶ 4} Upon return of the indictments, Dr. Husel and Mount Carmel both filed
motions to stay this civil action until resolution of Dr. Husel's criminal cases. The court's
denial of Dr. Husel's motion for an indefinite stay lead to the present appeal. The court's
denial of Mount Carmel's motion is the object of a separate appeal under our case No.
19AP-500 and will be addressed in that case.
       {¶ 5} In support of his stay, Dr. Husel argued before the trial court that he would,
on the advice of counsel, exercise his Fifth Amendment privilege against self-
incrimination in response to interrogatories or deposition questions asked of him in the
civil case. Dr. Husel asserted that, as such, he would be prevented from adequately
defending his position in the civil case as long as the criminal matter remained pending.
       {¶ 6} The trial court noted that the Supreme Court of Ohio, in State ex rel.
Verhovec v. Mascio, 81 Ohio St.3d 334, 336 (1998), stated that the Fifth Amendment's
protection against compulsory self-incriminating testimony does not prohibit civil
litigation involving a defendant during the course of his criminal prosecution. The trial
court then applied a six-prong balancing test invoked by federal courts in comparable
circumstances to determine when to grant a discretionary stay in civil proceedings, citing
No. 19AP-496                                                                                  3


United States v. Ogbazion, S.D.Ohio No. 3:12-cv-95, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 136016
(Sept. 24, 2012) and Louis Vuitton Malletier S.A. v. LY USA, Inc., 676 F.3d 83 (2d
Cir.2012): 1) the extent to which the issues in the criminal case overlap with those presented
in the civil case; 2) the status of the case, including whether the defendants have been
indicted; 3) the private interests of the plaintiffs in proceeding expeditiously, weighed
against the prejudice to plaintiffs caused by the delay; 4) the private interests of, and burden
on, the defendants; 5) the interests of the courts in judicial efficiency and orderly
management of the case; and 6) the public interests at stake.
       {¶ 7} The present motion to dismiss raises a specific and limited issue: whether the
trial court's denial of an indefinite stay of civil proceedings, pending the outcome of
criminal proceedings involving one of the parties to the civil action, constitutes a final
appealable order. For the reasons that follow, we find the motion to dismiss well-taken and
dismiss the appeal without further discussing the standard and rationale applied by the
trial court in denying the stay.
       {¶ 8} Under the Ohio Constitution, Article IV, Section 3(B)(2), this court's
jurisdiction on appeal is limited to a review of final orders of lower courts. Final orders are
those that dispose of the whole case or some separate and distinct branch thereof.
Lantsberry v. Tilley Lamp Co., 27 Ohio St.2d 303, 306 (1971). A trial court order that does
not dispose of the entire case is final and appealable only if it otherwise satisfies the
requirements of R.C. 2505.02 and, if applicable, Civ.R. 54(B).
       {¶ 9} Two provisions of the statute are discussed by the parties in this case. Under
R.C. 2505.02(B)(1), an order is final and appealable if it "affects a substantial right in an
action that in effect determines the action and prevents a judgment."              Under R.C.
2505.02(B)(4), an order is final and appealable if it "grants or denies a provisional remedy."
The order must determine the action with respect to the provisional remedy and prevent a
judgment in favor of the appealing party regarding the provisional remedy.                 R.C.
2505.02(B)(4)(a). The order must also be issued under circumstances that do not afford a
meaningful and effective remedy to the appealing party following final judgment. R.C.
2505.02(B)(4)(b). R.C. 2505.02(A)(3) defines a provisional remedy as "a proceeding
ancillary to an action, including, but not limited to, a proceeding for a preliminary
injunction, attachment, discovery of privileged matter, [or] suppression of evidence."
No. 19AP-496                                                                               4


       {¶ 10} Examining first R.C. 2505.02(B)(1), we conclude that the trial court's order
does not affect a substantial right which, if not immediately appealable, would foreclose
appropriate relief in the future. See generally Kenneth's Hair Salons & Day Spas, Inc. v.
Braun, 10th Dist. No. 17AP-816, 2018-Ohio-186, ¶ 13. The trial court's refusal to grant stay
does not of itself violate Dr. Husel's Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination.
The order generally directs that discovery will proceed in the case. It does not require him
to produce evidence or testify to anything in violation of that right. The current order does
not impact Dr. Husel's Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination as it does
not require him to do, produce, or testify to anything in violation of such rights.
       {¶ 11} Dr. Husel also argues that the denial of a stay violates his Sixth Amendment
right to a fair trial. He argues that discovery in civil proceedings may expose his criminal
defense strategy, and produce evidence that would assist the prosecution in building its
case. Conversely, his effective defense of the civil case may be constrained by his criminal
defense strategy. Again, "[w]hile a [trial] court may stay civil proceedings pending the
outcome of parallel criminal proceedings, such action is not required by the Constitution."
Fed. S. & L. Ins. Corp. v. Molinaro, 889 F.2d 899, 902 (9th Cir.1989), citing United States
v. Kordel, 397 U.S. 1 (1970) and Securities & Exchange Comm. v. Dresser Industries, Inc.,
628 F.2d 1368, 1375 (D.C.Cir.1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 993 (1980).
       {¶ 12} "The civil and regulatory laws of the United States frequently overlap with the
criminal laws, creating the possibility of parallel civil and criminal proceedings, either
successive or simultaneous. In the absence of substantial prejudice to the rights of the
parties involved, such parallel proceedings are unobjectionable under our jurisprudence.
As long ago as 1912 the Supreme Court recognized that under one statutory scheme[,] that
of the Sherman Act[,] a transaction or course of conduct could give rise to both criminal
proceedings and civil suits. Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Co. v. United States, 226
U.S. 20, 52, 33 S. Ct. 9, 16, 57 L. Ed. 107 (1912). The Court held that the government could
initiate such proceedings either 'simultaneously or successively,' with discretion in the
courts to prevent injury in particular cases. Id." Dresser Industries, 628 F.2d at 1374. "The
Constitution, therefore, does not ordinarily require a stay of civil proceedings pending the
outcome of criminal proceedings." Id. at 1375, citing Baxter v. Palmigiano, 425 U.S. 308
(1976); DeVita v. Sills, 422 F.2d 1172, 1181 (3d Cir.1970).
No. 19AP-496                                                                                 5


       {¶ 13} The trial court's denial of a stay in this case accordingly is not appealable
under R.C. 2505.02(B)(1) because the order does not affect a substantial right in an action
that in effect determines the action and prevents a judgment.
       {¶ 14} Nor may appellant bring his appeal under R.C. 2505.02(B)(4), because under
Ohio law denial of a stay does not constitute a denial of a provisional remedy:
              [T]he imposition of a stay merely ceases activity on a case and
              does not provide for a "provisional remedy." Because the
              imposition of a stay is not considered a separate proceeding
              "with its own life," it is not a final order subject to immediate
              appellate review. It follows that the trial court's denial of
              [appellant's] motion to stay proceedings pending the outcome
              of the criminal case cannot be considered a "provisional
              remedy" under R.C. 2505.02(A)(3). It is axiomatic that if the
              imposition of a stay is not considered a "provisional remedy" as
              defined by R.C. 2505.02(A)(3), then the trial court's denial of a
              motion to stay falls outside of that definition as well.

(Internal citations omitted.) Novak v. Studebaker, 9th Dist. No. C. A. No. 24615, 2009-
Ohio-5337, ¶ 12, citing Community First Bank & Trust v. Dafoe, 108 Ohio St.3d 472, 2006-
Ohio-1503, ¶ 28-31.
       {¶ 15} In a somewhat dissimilar procedural posture, the Supreme Court of Ohio has
reached the same conclusion. In State ex rel. Verhovec v. Mascio, supra, the Supreme
Court granted a writ of procedendo to compel the trial court to go forward with civil
proceedings that the trial court had stayed pending the outcome of criminal proceedings
against one of the civil defendants. While acknowledging that a stay of proceedings
generally rests within the trial court's discretion, the Supreme Court noted that Fifth
Amendment protection against compulsory self-incriminating testimony does not extend
to prohibit all civil litigation while the possibility of criminal prosecution exists. State ex
rel. Verhovec v. Mascio at 336. The Supreme Court determined that the trial judge had
abused his discretion granting a general stay of the civil litigation.
       {¶ 16} While Mascio is on all fours with respect to the underlying procedural issues
in the case before us, the most telling aspect of Mascio, for purposes of deciding the
present motion, is that by issuing a writ the Supreme Court implicitly determined that no
appeal was available to the petitioner. ("A writ of procedendo will not issue unless the
relator establishes a clear legal right to that relief and that there is no adequate remedy at
No. 19AP-496                                                                               6


law." State ex rel. Sherrills v. Court of Common Pleas of Cuyahoga Cty., 72 Ohio St.3d
461, 462 (1995), citing State ex rel. Brown v. Shoemaker, 38 Ohio St.3d 344, 345 (1988).).
We therefore conclude that an appeal will not lie in this matter under R.C. 2505.02(B)(4),
because under Ohio law denial of a stay does not constitute a denial of a provisional remedy,
and does not constitute a final appealable order.
       {¶ 17} In summary, we find that the present appeal is not taken from a final
appealable order and dismiss the appeal.
                                                                Motion to dismiss granted.

                      KLATT, P.J., and BEATTY BLUNT, J., concur.
