                                                                                 FILED
                                                                     United States Court of Appeals
                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         Tenth Circuit

                             FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT                           April 10, 2020
                         _________________________________
                                                                         Christopher M. Wolpert
                                                                             Clerk of Court
EARL CROWNHART,

      Plaintiff - Appellant,

v.                                                         No. 20-1066
                                                  (D.C. No. 1:20-CV-00182-LTB)
MIKE MASON; ED REYNOLDS,                                     (D. Colo.)

      Defendants - Appellees.
                      _________________________________

                             ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
                         _________________________________

Before MATHESON, KELLY, and EID, Circuit Judges.**
                  _________________________________

      Pro se1 plaintiff-appellant Earl Crownhart appeals the district court’s dismissal

of his underlying action without prejudice. Exercising jurisdiction under

28 U.S.C §§ 1291, we affirm the district court’s judgment and deny Crownhart’s

petition to proceed in forma pauperis.


      *
         This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines
of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for
its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
       **
          After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument.
       1
         Because Crownhart is proceeding pro se, we liberally construe his
filings. See United States v. Pinson, 584 F.3d 972, 975 (10th Cir. 2009). That said,
liberally construing a pro se filing does not include supplying additional factual
allegations or constructing a legal theory on the appellant’s behalf. See Whitney v.
New Mexico, 113 F.3d 1170, 1173-74 (10th Cir. 1997).
                                           I.

      In 2013, the District Court for the District of Colorado issued an order

enjoining Crownhart from filing future pro se actions in the court due to his “lengthy

and abusive” history of filing such actions in the past. Crownhart v. Suthers, et al.,

No. 13-cv-00959-LTB at ECF No. 5 (D. Colo. June 14, 2013). In the 2013 order, the

district court noted that Crownhart would be allowed to file a pro se action only if he

first obtained leave of court to do so. Id. Despite the order, and without first

obtaining leave of court, Crownhart filed a pro se complaint on January 21, 2020 in

the District Court for the District of Colorado.2 The district court dismissed

Crownhart’s action without prejudice under Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b) for failing to follow

the 2013 order prohibiting him from filing pro se actions in the court. Crownhart

now appeals—pro se—the district court’s dismissal of his latest action and

complaint.3

                                           II.

      This court reviews a lower court’s dismissal under Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b) for

abuse of discretion. Nasious v. Two Unknown B.I.C.E. Agents, at Arapahoe Cty.


      2
         Crownhart’s complaint generally alleged that staff members of Kissner
Motors failed to properly inspect and repair a vehicle before selling the vehicle to
him.
       3
         After filing his appeal, Crownhart submitted two motions—one to add Candy
Cain as a party, and the other to add Kissner Motors as a party. But because we
ultimately affirm the district court’s dismissal order, Crownhart’s motions would
have no “effect in the real world” and are therefore moot. Rio Grande Silvery
Minnow v. Bureau of Reclamation, 601 F.3d 1096, 1110 (10th Cir. 2010); see also
United States v. Goodman, 337 F. App’x 756, 758 (10th Cir. 2009) (finding a motion
to add parties as moot after denying the litigant a certificate of appealability).
                                           2
Justice Ctr., 492 F.3d 1158, 1161 (10th Cir. 2007). Rule 41(b) establishes that “[i]f

the plaintiff fails to . . . comply with . . . a court order, a defendant may move to

dismiss the action.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b). While the language of Rule 41(b)

specifically allows for a defendant to motion for dismissal, the rule “has long been

interpreted to permit courts to dismiss actions sua sponte for a plaintiff’s failure to . .

. comply with the . . . court’s orders.” Olsen v. Mapes, 333 F.3d 1199, 1204 n.3

(10th Cir. 2003). “Although a district court must consider certain criteria before

dismissing an action with prejudice for failing to comply with an order, it may

dismiss without prejudice ‘without [having to pay] attention to any particular

procedures.’” Smith v. United States, 697 F. App’x 582, 583 (10th Cir. 2017)

(emphasis added) (quoting Nasious, 492 F.3d at 1162)).

       We conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion by dismissing

Crownhart’s action without prejudice. The 2013 order plainly explained that

Crownhart was enjoined from filing future actions in the District Court for the

District of Colorado without representation of licensed counsel unless he first

obtained leave of court to proceed pro se. And Crownhart clearly violated this order

by filing a pro se action in the court without first obtaining leave to do so.

       Further, Crownhart fails to address on appeal the district court’s reasons for

dismissing his initial action. Instead, he mainly reiterates the same arguments he

presented in the lower court regarding the merits of his case. We therefore find that

Crownhart forfeits any arguments challenging the district court’s dismissal. See

Bronson v. Swensen, 500 F.3d 1099, 1104 (10th Cir. 2007) (“[T]he omission of an

                                             3
issue in an opening brief generally forfeits appellate consideration of that issue.”).

“Given this forfeiture, we can reverse only by creating [the appellant’s] arguments

for him, which we aren’t willing to do.” O’Kane v. Mead Johnson Nutrition Co., No.

19-5047, 2020 WL 1313627, at *2 (10th Cir. Mar. 19, 2020) (citing Greenlaw v.

United States, 554 U.S. 237, 244 (2008)). We therefore find that the lower court did

not abuse its discretion.

                                           III.

      Crownhart seeks to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal. To proceed in forma

pauperis, litigants must show a “reasoned, nonfrivolous argument on the law and

facts in support of the issues raised in the action.” Lister v. Dept. of Treasury, 408

F.3d 1309, 1312 (10th Cir. 2005). But again, Crownhart does not present any law or

facts to contest the lower court’s dismissal order. Indeed, he does not challenge any

specific aspect of the dismissal order at all. His appeal is therefore frivolous.

                                           IV.

      Based on the foregoing, we AFFIRM the district court’s dismissal of

Crownhart’s action and DENY his motions to add parties and to proceed in forma

pauperis.




                                             Entered for the Court


                                             Allison H. Eid
                                             Circuit Judge


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