[Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it may be cited as
State v. Ketterer, Slip Opinion No. 2014-Ohio-3973.]




                                        NOTICE
     This slip opinion is subject to formal revision before it is published in
     an advance sheet of the Ohio Official Reports. Readers are requested
     to promptly notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of Ohio,
     65 South Front Street, Columbus, Ohio 43215, of any typographical or
     other formal errors in the opinion, in order that corrections may be
     made before the opinion is published.


                         SLIP OPINION NO. 2014-OHIO-3973
          THE STATE OF OHIO, APPELLEE, v. KETTERER, APPELLANT.
   [Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets,
    it may be cited as State v. Ketterer, Slip Opinion No. 2014-Ohio-3973.]
Criminal procedure—Resentencing for limited purpose—Res judicata—Discovery
        denied—Costs.
   (No. 2011-0093—Submitted May 13, 2014—Decided September 18, 2014.)
            APPEAL from the Court of Common Pleas of Butler County,
                                No. CR 2003-03-0309.
                               ____________________
        PFEIFER, J.
        {¶ 1} This is the third direct appeal arising out of Donald Ketterer’s
capital conviction. This appeal concerns his resentencing hearing before a three-
judge panel. We find no error and affirm the sentencing order.
                                      Background
        {¶ 2} In connection with the death of Lawrence Sanders, Ketterer pled
guilty to aggravated murder, aggravated robbery, aggravated burglary, grand theft
                             SUPREME COURT OF OHIO




of a motor vehicle, and burglary. A three-judge panel convicted Ketterer on all
charges. The panel sentenced him to death on the capital charge and to various
prison terms for the noncapital offenses, some sentences to run concurrently and
others to run consecutively. Butler Cty. C.P. No. CR2003-0309 (Feb. 4, 2004).
       {¶ 3} We affirmed the convictions and death sentence on direct appeal.
111 Ohio St.3d 70, 2006-Ohio-5283, 855 N.E.2d 48.              We later reopened
Ketterer’s direct appeal and found that his first appellate counsel had been
ineffective for failing to challenge his noncapital sentences under State v. Foster,
109 Ohio St.3d 1, 2006-Ohio-856, 845 N.E.2d 470, at ¶ 71-81, in which we held
that the statutory provisions for sentence enhancements for repeat violent
offenders and major drug offenders violated the Sixth Amendment to the United
States Constitution because they required the sentencing judge to make findings
of fact not proven beyond a reasonable doubt. 113 Ohio St.3d 1463, 2007-Ohio-
1722, 864 N.E.2d 650. We vacated the noncapital sentences and remanded for
resentencing.
       {¶ 4} The three-judge panel resentenced Ketterer. On appeal, we again
vacated the sentence, this time because the trial court had not properly imposed
postrelease control during resentencing. 126 Ohio St.3d 448, 2010-Ohio-3831,
935 N.E.2d 9, ¶ 65-79, 81.
       {¶ 5} The three-judge panel issued a new sentencing entry. Ketterer
timely appealed to this court, raising five propositions of law, which we now
address individually.
                                  Legal analysis
                              1. Denial of discovery
       {¶ 6} On November 29, 2010, following the second remand, Ketterer
filed a motion in the trial court for discovery. The panel denied the motion,
concluding that Crim.R. 16 did not apply, because the matter was before the court
for the limited purpose of correcting the postrelease-control error. See State v.




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Fischer, 128 Ohio St.3d 92, 2010-Ohio-6238, 942 N.E.2d 332, ¶ 28-29 (when an
offender is entitled to a new sentencing hearing because postrelease control had
not been properly imposed, the new hearing is limited to proper imposition of
postrelease control).
       {¶ 7} Ketterer has not alleged that the requested discovery was relevant
to the imposition of mandatory postrelease control. In fact, the briefs suggest that
Ketterer sought evidence relevant to his guilt on the underlying death
specifications. As noted, a limited remand for resentencing does not open the
door for a defendant to relitigate the capital proceeding.
       {¶ 8} Ketterer argues that even if Fischer and its progeny preclude his
discovery request, the state waived this argument by failing to raise it during oral
argument on his discovery motion in the trial court. The narrow scope of the
remand, however, is a jurisdictional limitation. See State v. Wrenn, 9th Dist.
Summit No. 25616, 2011-Ohio-5640, ¶ 5, quoting State v. Stiggers, 9th Dist.
Summit No. 25486, 2011-Ohio-4225, ¶ 6 (“ ‘Because resentencing is limited to
the imposition of post-release control, any additional action taken by the trial
court with respect to the sentence is a nullity’ ”). And objections to subject-
matter jurisdiction cannot be waived. State v. Mbodji, 129 Ohio St.3d 325, 2011-
Ohio-2880, 951 N.E.2d 1025, ¶ 10.
       {¶ 9} We conclude that discovery was not improperly denied.
                                      2. Merger
       {¶ 10} Ketterer argues that the panel erred when it failed to merge the
offenses of capital murder, aggravated robbery, and aggravated burglary. This
argument is barred by res judicata.
       {¶ 11} In his first appeal, Ketterer argued that aggravated robbery and
aggravated burglary are duplicative offenses. 111 Ohio St.3d 70, 2006-Ohio-
5283, 855 N.E.2d 48, ¶ 118. We rejected that argument and reaffirmed the rule
that “ ‘[a]ggravated burglary and aggravated robbery are separate offenses and



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constitute separate aggravating circumstances because they do not arise from the
same act.’ ” Id. at ¶ 119, quoting State v. Williams, 74 Ohio St.3d 569, 580, 660
N.E.2d 724 (1996). We also rejected Ketterer’s contention that the aggravated-
robbery and aggravated-burglary charges were duplicative of the capital
specifications based on aggravated robbery and aggravated burglary. Ketterer at
¶ 118.
         {¶ 12} After the panel issued its third sentencing entry, we redefined the
test for allied offenses. State v. Johnson, 128 Ohio St.3d 153, 2010-Ohio-6314,
942 N.E.2d 1061.        Ketterer argues that under Johnson, the capital-murder,
aggravated-robbery, and aggravated-burglary charges should have merged. He
also argues that res judicata should not apply, because of the subsequent change in
law made by Johnson. We disagree.
         {¶ 13} New judicial rulings are not “applied retroactively to a conviction
that has become final, i.e., where the accused has exhausted all * * * appellate
remedies.” Ali v. State, 104 Ohio St.3d 328, 2004-Ohio-6592, 819 N.E.2d 687,
¶ 6.     For purposes of retroactivity analysis, Ketterer’s convictions on the
noncapital charges became final when this court issued its second decision, which
occurred before Johnson was decided. The second remand was solely for the
purpose of correcting the error in postrelease control and did not render his
original direct appeal a nullity. Fischer, 128 Ohio St.3d 92, 2010-Ohio-6238, 942
N.E.2d 332, ¶ 32, 40.
         {¶ 14} We have recognized an exception to the rule against retroactivity
in cases in which we address the meaning of a statute for the first time. In that
situation, the rule against retroactive application does not apply, because we are
not announcing a new rule of law but instead are determining what the relevant
statutes have meant since their enactment. Hernandez v. Kelly, 108 Ohio St.3d
395, 2006-Ohio-126, 844 N.E.2d 301, ¶ 23-25; Agee v. Russell, 92 Ohio St.3d
540, 543-544, 751 N.E.2d 1043 (2001). The exception does not apply in this




                                         4
                                January Term, 2014




case, because “Johnson did not merely clarify section 2941.25, but expressly
overruled [prior case law] and changed more than a decade of Ohio allied-
offenses jurisprudence.” Volpe v. Trim, 708 F.3d 688, 703 (6th Cir.2013).
        {¶ 15} We agree with the appellate courts that have declined to apply
Johnson retroactively to judgments that were final as of the date that case was
decided. E.g., State v. Dover, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2012CA00204, 2013-Ohio-
2634, ¶ 19; State v. Musselman, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 25295, 2013-Ohio-
1584, ¶ 14-21; State v. Porter, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-12-1243, 2013-Ohio-1360,
¶ 13.
        {¶ 16} We reject Ketterer’s argument that the panel erred when it failed to
merge the offenses of capital murder, aggravated robbery, and aggravated
burglary.
                  3. Consecutive periods of postrelease control
        {¶ 17} Ketterer argues that the three-judge panel violated R.C.
2967.28(F)(4)(c) by imposing multiple periods of postrelease control that run
consecutively.
        {¶ 18} The third sentencing order separately imposed postrelease control
as to each of the noncapital offenses:


                 It is ORDERED as to Count Two that the Defendant be
        sentenced to be imprisoned for a stated prison term of nine (9)
        years and pay a fine of two thousand ($2,000.00) dollars, which
        sentence carries five (5) years mandatory post release control
        pursuant to 2967.28(B)(1).
                 It is FURTHER ORDERED as to Count Three that the
        Defendant be sentenced to be imprisoned for a stated prison term
        of nine (9) years, which term of imprisonment shall be served
        consecutively with the term of imprisonment heretofore imposed



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       as to Count Two, and pay a fine of two thousand ($2,000.00)
       dollars, which sentence carries five (5) years mandatory post
       release control pursuant to 2967.28(B)(1).
               It is FURTHER ORDERED as to Count Four that the
       defendant be sentenced to be imprisoned for a stated prison term of
       seventeen (17) months, which term of imprisonment shall be
       served concurrently with the terms of imprisonment heretofore
       imposed as to Counts Two and Three, and which sentence carries
       discretionary three (3) years post release control pursuant to
       2967.28(C).
               It is FURTHER ORDERED as to Count Five that the
       Defendant be sentenced to be imprisoned for a stated prison term
       of four (4) years, which term of imprisonment shall be served
       consecutively with the terms of imprisonment heretofore imposed
       as to Counts Two and Three, and pay a fine of one thousand
       ($1,000.00) dollars, which sentence carries discretionary three (3)
       years post release control pursuant to 2967.28(C).


       {¶ 19} Ketterer argues that the language of the order imposes consecutive
terms of postrelease control. In fact, the order states the opposite. The panel
clearly indicated in each instance that the “term of imprisonment” would be
served consecutively. Postrelease control is not part of the term of imprisonment.
       {¶ 20} A later section of the order, in which the panel expressly discussed
postrelease control, contains a typographical error:


               The Court has notified the Defendant about the terms of
       post release control as previously indicated, and the Court also
       advised the Defendant of the consequences for violating conditions




                                         6
                                January Term, 2014




        of post release control imposed by the parole Board under Revised
        Code Section 2967.28, and that the Parole Board may impose a
        prison terms [sic] of up to one-half of the prison term originally
        imposed on the offender if he violates supervision or a condition of
        post release control.


(Emphasis added.) Ketterer argues that the panel’s use of the plural word “terms”
indicates an intention to impose multiple, consecutive periods of postrelease
control.   He must then assume that the inclusion of the article “a” was a
typographical error. It is just as probable that the typographical error was the
inclusion of an “s” at the end of the word “term.” Confronted with two equally
reasonable alternatives, we will not presume that the panel intended to achieve an
unlawful result.
        {¶ 21} We conclude that the panel did not impose consecutive terms of
postrelease control.
                                     4. Fines
        {¶ 22} Ketterer challenges the imposition of fines at the third sentencing
hearing without a hearing as to his ability to pay. Res judicata applies.
        {¶ 23} The three-judge panel imposed fines as part of its original
judgment of conviction. 111 Ohio St.3d 70, 2006-Ohio-5283, 855 N.E.2d 48,
¶ 11. Upon remand, the court imposed the same sentence. Ketterer, 126 Ohio
St.3d 448, 2010-Ohio-3831, 935 N.E.2d 9, ¶ 4. Ketterer does not challenge the
state’s assertion that the fines imposed in all three entries were the same.
Therefore, Fischer forecloses Ketterer’s ability to raise the imposition of fees as a
new argument on appeal. 128 Ohio St.3d 92, 2010-Ohio-6238, 942 N.E.2d 332,
¶ 32.
        {¶ 24} Ketterer argues that his fines are an issue arising at the
resentencing because they were again incorporated into the judgment entry. By



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that logic, there would be no such thing as a limited remand, because the final
entry on remand would inevitably include all the judgments that came before, and
therefore every aspect of his convictions would again be subject to attack on
appeal. We reject this argument.
                                    5. Court costs
          {¶ 25} Ketterer challenges the imposition of court costs at the third
sentencing hearing without a hearing as to his ability to pay. Res judicata applies.
          {¶ 26} Ketterer concedes that both the original judgment entry and the
second judgment entry contained an assessment of court costs. His argument is
that the panel did not mention court costs at the third sentencing hearing, and
therefore he had no opportunity to object before they were included in the third
judgment entry.
          {¶ 27} The assessment of court costs was already res judicata when the
panel convened the third sentencing hearing. The panel’s failure to address the
matter at the hearing was consistent with the limited purpose of the remand.
These facts distinguish the present case from State v. Joseph, 125 Ohio St.3d 76,
2010-Ohio-954, 926 N.E.2d 278, where there was no indication that the court
imposed costs at the first sentencing hearing.
                                      Conclusion
          {¶ 28} For the reasons stated, we affirm Ketterer’s sentence.
                                                                 Judgment affirmed.
          O’CONNOR, C.J., and O’DONNELL, KENNEDY, FRENCH, and O’NEILL, JJ.,
concur.
          LANZINGER, J., concurs in judgment only.
                               ____________________
          Michael T. Gmoser, Butler County Prosecuting Attorney, and Michael A.
Oster Jr. and Lina N. Alkamhawi, Assistant Prosecuting Attorneys, for appellee.




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                                  January Term, 2014




       Tim Young, State Public Defender, and Randall L. Porter, Assistant State
Public Defender, for appellant.
                        ___________________________




                                          9
