[Cite as Trico Land Co., L.L.C. v. Kenoil Producing, L.L.C., 2014-Ohio-1700.]




                                       COURT OF APPEALS
                                     HOLMES COUNTY, OHIO
                                   FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT


TRICO LAND COMPANY, LLC                               :    JUDGES:
                                                      :
                                                      :    Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J.
       Plaintiff-Appellant                            :    Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J.
                                                      :    Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
-vs-                                                  :
                                                      :    Case No. 13CA008
                                                      :
KENOIL PRODUCING LLC                                  :
                                                      :
                                                      :
       Defendant-Appellee                             :    OPINION


CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                                   Appeal from the Holmes County Court
                                                           of Common Pleas, Case No. 12CV007



JUDGMENT:                                                  AFFIRMED




DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                                    April 17, 2014




APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellant:                                   For Defendant-Appellee:

AUDREY E. VARWIG                                           JAMES M. RICHARD
DICKIE, McCAMEY, & CHILCOTE, PC                            RICHARD LAW OFFICE, LLC
2109 Stella Court                                          127 East Liberty St., Ste 100
Columbus, OH 43215                                         P.O. Box 1207
                                                           Wooster, OH 44691
Holmes County, Case No.13CA008                                                             2




Delaney, J.

       {¶1} Appellant Trico Land Co., LLC (“Trico”) appeals from the September 24,

2012, January 24, 2013, and July 3, 2013 judgment entries of the Holmes County Court

of Common Pleas. Appellee is Kenoil Producing, LLC (“Kenoil”).

                            FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

       {¶2} On October 1, 2008, Kenlo Properties, LLC (“Kenlo”) entered into an Oil

and Gas Lease agreement (the “Lease”) with Kenoil whereby Kenoil was granted rights

to conduct “testing, drilling, operating for oil and gas,” and related activities on a parcel

of 125.85 acres of real property (the “Property”) located in Holmes County, Ohio. The

Lease was recorded on October 24, 2008.

       {¶3} The following terms of the Lease are relevant to this appeal.

       {¶4} The habendum clause states:

              It is agreed that this lease shall remain in force for a primary term of

              ten years from this date and if lessee shall commence to drill within

              said primary term or any extension thereof, the said lessee shall

              have the right to continue drilling to completion with reasonable

              diligence and said term shall extend as long thereafter as oil and

              gas, or either of them, is produced by lessee from said land or a

              well is located on said land tract, or from a communitized unit as

              hereinafter provided.

       {¶5} Regarding commencement of a well and delay rental payments:
Holmes County, Case No.13CA008                                                      3


           If no well be commenced on said land on or before the 1st day of

           October, 2009, this lease shall terminate as to both parties, unless

           the lessee shall on or before that date pay or tender to the lessor or

           the lessor’s credit at the address above, which shall continue as the

           depository regardless of changes in ownership of said land, the

           sum of one hundred tewnty (sic) seven dollars, which shall operate

           as a rental and cover the privilege of deferring the commencement

           of a well for 12 months from said date.        The payment herein

           referred to may be made in currency, draft, or check at the option of

           the lessee and the depositing of such currency, draft, or check in

           any post office, with sufficient postage and properly addressed to

           the lessor on or before said last mentioned date, shall be deemed

           payment as herein provided.        In like manner and upon like

           payments or tenders, the commencement of a well may be further

           deferred for like periods of the same number of months

           successively.     And it is understood and agreed that the

           consideration first recited herein, the down payment, covers not

           only the privilege granted to the date when said first rental is

           payable as aforesaid, but also the lessee’s option of extending that

           period as aforesaid and any and all other rights conferred.

     {¶6} The change in ownership clause states:

           If the estate of either party hereto is assigned, and the privilege of

           assigning in whole or in part is expressly allowed, the covenants
Holmes County, Case No.13CA008                                                          4


              hereof shall extend to their heirs, executors, administrators,

              successors, or assigns, but no change in ownership of the land or

              assignment of rentals or royalties shall be binding on the lessee

              until after the lessee has been furnished with a written transfer or

              assignment or a true copy thereof; and it is hereby agreed that in

              the event this lease shall be assigned as to a part or as to parts of

              the above described lands and the assignee or assignees of such

              part or parts shall fail or make default in the payment of the

              proportionate part of the rents due from him or them, such defaults

              shall not operate to defeat or affect this lease insofar as it covers a

              part or parts of said lands upon which the said lessee or any

              assignee thereof shall make due payment of said rentals.

       {¶7} The right of forfeiture or rescission is conditioned upon the lessor giving

lessee thirty days’ written notice stating the reason for the forfeiture:

              In the event Lessor considers that Lessee has not complied with all

              its obligations hereunder, Lessor shall notify Lessee in writing by

              certified mail stating specifically in what respects Lessee has

              breached this contract.     Lessee shall then have thirty (30) days

              after receipt of said notice within which to meet or commence to

              meet all or any part of the breaches alleged by Lessor. The service

              of said notice shall be precedent to the bringing of any action by

              Lessor on said lease of thirty (30) days after service of such notice

              on Lessee. Neither the service of said notice nor the doing of any
Holmes County, Case No.13CA008                                                               5


                acts by Lessee aimed to meet all or any of the alleged breaches

                shall be deemed an admission or presumption that Lessee has

                failed to perform all its obligations hereunder.

         {¶8} Finally, the Lease by its language negates the imposition of implied

covenants:

                This lease contains all the agreements and understandings of the

                lessor and the lessee respecting the leased premises and no

                implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this lease or

                imposed on the parties or either of them, and no verbal

                representations or promises have been made or relied upon by

                lessor or lessee supplementing or modifying this lease or as an

                inducement thereto.

         {¶9} Kenoil did not commence a well prior to October 1, 2009; nor did Kenoil

pay a delay rental of $127.00 prior to October 1, 2009. Kenoil made no payments in

2009 or 2010.

         {¶10} Kenlo did not notify Kenoil of any breach of its obligations under the Lease

terms.

         {¶11} On December 19, 2008, a limited warranty deed was recorded,

transferring the Property from Kenlo to Trico.

         {¶12} Trico did not notify Kenoil of its acquisition of the fee simple interest in the

Property.

         {¶13} On September 22, 2011, Kenoil tendered a check in the amount of

$1,270.00 to Trico. The check indicated this amount represented 10 years of lease
Holmes County, Case No.13CA008                                                            6


rentals at the rate of $127.00 per year. In a letter to Trico dated October 19, 2011,

Kenoil stated it had tendered the rental payment and believed it was therefore in

compliance with the terms of the Lease.

       {¶14} On January 24, 2012, Trico filed a civil complaint against Kenoil; Count I is

a complaint to quiet title and Count II is a claim for slander of title.

       {¶15} On February 16, 2012, Trico recorded an Affidavit of Abandonment stating

Kenoil’s “oil and gas interest is considered abandoned and is now vested in the present

surface owner of the real estate [i.e., Appellant Trico].”

       {¶16} On March 30, 2012, Kenoil recorded an Affidavit of Preservation of

Mineral Rights.

       {¶17} On August 27, 2012, Trico filed a motion for summary judgment and

Kenoil filed a motion in opposition. On September 24, 2012, the trial court overruled

Trico’s motion for summary judgment, finding Trico failed to provide Kenoil with notice of

its purchase of the Property, and Trico did not provide Kenoil with notice of material

default and an opportunity to cure the default.

       {¶18} On October 19, 2012, Kenoil filed a motion for summary judgment on

Count II of Trico’s complaint (slander of title) and Trico filed a memorandum in

opposition. On January 24, 2013, the trial court granted Kenoil’s motion for summary

judgment.

       {¶19} Trico appealed the trial court’s ruling to this Court in Trico Land Co., L.L.C.

v. Kenoil Producing, L.L.C., 5th Dist. Holmes No. 13CA001, 2013-Ohio-2065.              We

dismissed the appeal, finding the order was not final and appealable because the trial

court did not rule on Count I of Trico’s complaint. Id., 2013-Ohio-2065 at ¶ 29.
Holmes County, Case No.13CA008                                                         7


      {¶20} Back in the trial court, Kenoil filed a motion for summary judgment on

Count I of Trico’s complaint (quiet title) and Trico filed a memorandum in opposition. On

July 3, 2013, the trial court granted Kenoil’s motion for summary judgment on Count I of

the complaint.

      {¶21} Trico now appeals from the trial court’s decisions of September 24, 2012;

January 24, 2013; and July 3, 2013.

      {¶22} Trico raises four assignments of error:

                             ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

      {¶23} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT DENIED PLAINTIFF-

APPELLANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT. DECISION AND JUDGMENT

ENTRY – PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT, SEPTEMBER 24,

2012, APPENDIX A.”

      {¶24} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT GRANTED DEFENDANT-

APPELLEE’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ON COUNT II OF PLAINTIFF’S

COMPLAINT, THE ACTION FOR SLANDER OF TITLE. DECISION ON MOTION FOR

SUMMARY JUDGMENT, JAN. 24, 2013, APPENDIX B.”

      {¶25} “III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT GRANTED DEFENDANT-

APPELLEE’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ON COUNT I OF PLAINTIFF’S

COMPLAINT, THE ACTION TO QUIET TITLE. DECISION AND JUDGMENT ENTRY –

DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ON COUNT I OF THE

COMPLAINT, APPENDIX D.”

      {¶26} “IV. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT FOUND THE EXISTENCE OF

A SECOND LEASE ON THE PROPERTY THAT WAS NOT IN EVIDENCE. DECISION
Holmes County, Case No.13CA008                                                           8


AND JUDGMENT ENTRY – DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

ON COUNT I OF THE COMPLAINT, APPENDIX D.”

                                        ANALYSIS

                            Failure to Comply with App.R. 16(A)(7)

       {¶27} We first note Trico has not complied with App.R. 16(A)(7), which states:

             The appellant shall include in its brief, under the headings and in

             the order indicated, all of the following:

             * * * *.

             An argument containing the contentions of the appellant with

             respect to each assignment of error presented for review and the

             reasons in support of the contentions, with citations to the

             authorities, statutes, and parts of the record on which appellant

             relies. The argument may be preceded by a summary.

       {¶28} Trico’s assignments of error (Brief for Appellant, 1) are not cited in the

argument, nor supported individually with argument. Instead we are left to parse Trico’s

brief for its argument pertaining to each assignment of error. The headings throughout

Trico’s argument are not assigned errors.

       {¶29} Trico’s stated assignments of error relate to the motions for summary

judgment and Kenoil has not been prejudiced by the organization of the brief without the

stated assignments of error. While a party’s failure to comply with the Appellate Rules

is sometimes fatal, we prefer, in light of the extended procedural history of this case, to

decide this matter on the merits. See, Mtge. Electronic Registrations Sys. v. Mullins, 61
Holmes County, Case No.13CA008                                                           9

Ohio App.3d 12, 2005-Ohio-2303, 829 N.E.2d 326 (4th Dist.); but c.f. Henry v. Gastaldo,

5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2005 AP 03 0022, 2005-Ohio-4109.

       {¶30} We turn, then, to the merits of Trico’s arguments.

                                         I., II., III.

       {¶31} These assignments of error are related and will be considered together.

In its first, second, and third assignments of error, Trico argues the trial court erred in

overruling its motion for summary judgment and in granting summary judgment for

Kenoil. We disagree.

       {¶32} Summary judgment motions are to be resolved in light of the dictates of

Civ.R. 56, which was reaffirmed by the Ohio Supreme Court in State ex rel. Zimmerman

v. Tompkins, 75 Ohio St.3d 447, 448, 663 N.E.2d 639 (1996):

             Civ.R. 56(C) provides that before summary judgment may be

             granted, it must be determined that (1) no genuine issue as to any

             material fact remains to be litigated, (2) the moving party is entitled

             to judgment as a matter of law, and (3) it appears from the

             evidence that reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion,

             and viewing such evidence most strongly in favor of the nonmoving

             party, that conclusion is adverse to the party against whom the

             motion for summary judgment is made. State ex rel. Parsons v.

             Fleming, 68 Ohio St.3d 509, 511, 628 N.E.2d 1377 (1994), citing

             Temple v. Wean United, Inc. 50 Ohio St.2d 317, 327, 364 N.E.2d

             267 (1977).
Holmes County, Case No.13CA008                                                            10


       {¶33} As an appellate court reviewing summary judgment motions, we must

stand in the shoes of the trial court and review summary judgment motions on the same

standard and evidence as the trial court. Smiddy v. The Wedding Party, Inc., 30 Ohio

St.3d 35, 36, 56 N.E.2d 212 (1987).

       {¶34} With this standard in mind we turn to the central issue raised by the

parties’ motions for summary judgment: the validity of the Lease. Trico argues the

Lease terminated by its own terms due to Kenoil’s failure to commence a well or to

make rental payments.      Kenoil responds the Lease contains a condition precedent

which Trico failed to satisfy, to wit, providing written notice of the change in ownership of

the Property. We agree with Kenoil and therefore find the trial court did not err in

overruling Trico’s motion for summary judgment and granting Kenoil’s motions for

summary judgment.

       {¶35} With respect to oil and gas leases, the Supreme Court of Ohio stated:

              The rights and remedies of the parties to an oil or gas lease must

              be determined by the terms of the written instrument, and the law

              applicable to one form of lease may not be, and generally is not,

              applicable to another and different form. Such leases are contracts,

              and the terms of the contract with the law applicable to such terms

              must govern the rights and remedies of the parties.

              Moore v. Adams, 5th Dist. No. 2007AP090066, 2008-Ohio-5953,

              2008 WL 4907590, ¶ 21, citing Harris v. Ohio Oil Co., 57 Ohio St.

              118, 129, 48 N.E. 502 (1897).
Holmes County, Case No.13CA008                                                             11


       {¶36} When confronted with an issue of contract interpretation, our role is to give

effect to the intent of the parties. Westfield Ins. Group v. Affinia Dev., L.L.C., 2012-Ohio-

5348, 982 N.E.2d 132, ¶ 21 (5th Dist.). We will examine the contract as a whole and

presume that the intent of the parties is reflected in the language of the contract. In

addition, we will look to the plain and ordinary meaning of the language used in the

contract unless another meaning is clearly apparent from the contents of the

agreement. When the language of a written contract is clear, a court may look no further

than the writing itself to find the intent of the parties. “As a matter of law, a contract is

unambiguous if it can be given a definite legal meaning.” Sunoco, Inc. (R & M) v. Toledo

Edison, Co., 129 Ohio St.3d 397, 2011-Ohio-2720, 953 N.E.2d 285, ¶ 37, citing

Westfield Ins. Co. v. Galatis, 100 Ohio St.3d 216, 2003-Ohio-5849, 797 N.E.2d 1256, ¶

11.

       {¶37} The change in ownership clause in the Lease is a condition precedent to

the lessee’s obligation to pay rentals. “A condition precedent is a condition which must

be performed before the obligations in the contract become effective.” Troha v. Troha,

105 Ohio App.3d 327, 334, 663 N.E.2d 1319 (2nd Dist.1995), citing Mumaw v. W & S.

Life Ins. Co., 97 Ohio St. 1, 119 N.E. 132 (1917). “Essentially, a condition precedent

requires that an act must take place before a duty of performance of a promise arises. If

the condition is not fulfilled, the parties are excused from performing.'” Id., citing Fortune

v. Fortune, 2nd Dist. Greene No. 90-CA-96, 1991 WL 70721, *4 (May 3, 1991).

       {¶38} In the instant case, the language of the change in ownership clause

reflects the parties' intention that lessee’s obligation to make delay rental payments to

an assignee lessor was contingent upon “written transfer or assignment or a true copy
Holmes County, Case No.13CA008                                                          12

thereof,” which was a condition precedent to the contract. Troha, supra, 105 Ohio

App.3d at 334. It is undisputed that Trico provided no such notice.

       {¶39} The lessor’s failure to comply with a change in ownership clause of a

lease relieves the lessee of its obligation to pay delay rentals, and the lease will not be

invalidated as a result. Conny Farms, Ltd. v. Ball Resources, Inc., 7th Dist. No. 12 CO

18, 2013-Ohio-2874, ¶ 29-30. Further, a lessee is not required to constantly search title

records to discover the identity of a lessor so that payments may be properly made; “[t]o

so hold would obviate the purpose of the change in ownership clause.” Id.

       {¶40} In Kern v. Clear Creek Oil Co., we examined a clause similar to the one

here and considered whether a lessor’s failure to notify the lessee of a change in

ownership relieved the lessee of the obligation to pay delay rentals and thereby

prevented forfeiture of the lease. 149 Ohio App.3d 560, 2002-Ohio-5438, 778 N.E.2d

115 (5th Dist.). The Kern clause at issue provided “no changes in ownership of the land

or assignment of royalties shall be binding on the lessee until after the lessee has been

furnished with a written transfer or assignment or a true copy thereof.” Id., 2002-Ohio-

5438 at ¶ 22. We held as follows:

             In construing the language of the lease so as to give effect to the

             intention of the parties, we conclude that the trial court erred when

             it terminated the lease and right-of-way and awarded $2,000 to

             [Lessor]. In doing so, we find that the trial court failed to consider

             the language of the lease requiring notice to be given to [Lessee]

             regarding the change in ownership before such change would be

             binding on [Lessee]. The record indicates that [Lessor] never
Holmes County, Case No.13CA008                                                         13


             provided [Lessee] with such written notice. The fact that [Lessee]

             may have had verbal notice of the change in ownership does not

             suffice to comply with the specific terms of the lease. This written

             notice was required to make the change in ownership of the land

             binding on [Lessee]. Thus, having failed to provide such written

             notice, we conclude that [Lessor was] not entitled to termination of

             the lease and right-of-way or yearly delay rentals. Accordingly, the

             trial court erred when it granted summary judgment on behalf of

             [Lessor], as we conclude that [Lessor] failed to give written notice to

             [Lessee] according to the clear and unambiguous terms of the

             lease.

             Kern v. Clear Creek Oil Co., 149 Ohio App.3d 560, 2002-Ohio-

             5438, 778 N.E.2d 115 (5th Dist.), ¶ 27.

      {¶41} In the instant case, Kenoil discovered the change in ownership through its

own investigation.    Nevertheless, Trico did not fulfill the condition precedent in the

Lease, thereby Trico was not entitled to forfeiture of the Lease and Kenoil was not

obligated to pay the yearly delay rental payments.

      {¶42} As the Seventh District pointed out in Conny Farms, Ltd., supra, Trico

asks us to invalidate the Lease for Kenoil’s failure to comply with its terms when,

through its own investigation, Kenoil sought to remedy the situation, yet Trico

completely failed to comply with the Lease at all. See, Conny Farms, Ltd., supra, 2013-

Ohio-2874 at ¶ 23.
Holmes County, Case No.13CA008                                                          14


       {¶43} We decline, therefore, to invalidate the Lease. Reasonable minds can

then come to only one conclusion: Trico cannot maintain its actions to quiet title and for

slander of title. The trial court thus did not err in overruling Trico’s motion for summary

judgment.   Similarly, the trial court properly granted Kenoil’s motions for summary

judgment.

       {¶44} Trico’s first, second, and third assignments of error are overruled.

                                               IV.

       {¶45} In its fourth assignment of error, Trico argues the trial court improperly

considered a previous lease granted to Kenoil which was not properly in evidence.

While we agree the “second lease” was not properly in evidence, this assignment of

error is moot in light of our determination of Trico’s first, second, and third assignments

of error, to wit, that the trial court properly overruled Trico’s motion for summary

judgment and sustained Kenoil’s motions for summary judgment on other grounds.

       {¶46} The Ohio Supreme Court has consistently held a reviewing court is not

authorized to reverse a correct judgment merely because erroneous reasons were

assigned as the basis thereof. Joyce v. General Motors Corp., 49 Ohio St.3d 93, 96,

551 N.E.2d 172 (1990) citing Agricultural Ins. Co. v. Constantine, 144 Ohio St. 275, 284,

58 N.E.2d 658 (1944).

       {¶47} Trico’s fourth assignment of error is overruled.
Holmes County, Case No.13CA008                                                    15


                                   CONCLUSION

       {¶48} The four assignments of error of Plaintiff-Appellant Trico Land Co., LLC

are overruled and the judgments of the Holmes County Court of Common Pleas are

affirmed.

By: Delaney, J. and

Hoffman, P.J.

Farmer, J., concur.
