[Cite as State v. Brundage, 2020-Ohio-653.]


STATE OF OHIO                    )                      IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                 )ss:                   NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT                 )

STATE OF OHIO                                           C.A. No.   29477

        Appellee

        v.                                              APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                        ENTERED IN THE
SCOTT BRUNDAGE                                          COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                                                        COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
        Appellant                                       CASE No.   CR-2017-07-2629

                                 DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: February 26, 2020



        CALLAHAN, Presiding Judge.

        {¶1}    Appellant, Scott Brundage, appeals an order that denied his motion to withdraw a

guilty plea. This Court affirms.

                                                 I.

        {¶2}    Mr. Brundage pleaded guilty to rape and multiple counts of gross sexual

imposition. Within days of the plea hearing, and before the trial court sentenced him, Mr.

Brundage sent a letter to the trial court indicating that he wished to withdraw his plea. In that

letter, Mr. Brundage wrote that his attorneys pressured him into accepting the plea and made

representations about his potential sentence that proved to be untrue. The trial court permitted

his attorneys to withdraw, appointed new counsel, and held a hearing on the motion. Following

that hearing, the trial court denied the motion. Mr. Brundage was sentenced to prison terms

totaling twenty-four years, and he filed this appeal.
                                                 2


                                                 II.

                               ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 1

         THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT DENIED
         APPELLANT’S PRE-SENTENCE MOTION TO VACATE HIS GUILTY
         PLEA[.]

         {¶3}   In his first assignment of error, Mr. Brundage has argued that the trial court

abused its discretion by denying his motion to withdraw his guilty plea. This Court does not

agree.

         {¶4}   Crim.R. 32.1 provides that “[a] motion to withdraw a plea of guilty * * * may be

made only before sentence is imposed; but to correct manifest injustice the court after sentence

may set aside the judgment of conviction and permit the defendant to withdraw his or her plea.”

There is no “absolute right” to withdraw a guilty plea before sentencing. State v. Xie, 62 Ohio

St.3d 521 (1992), paragraph one of the syllabus. Nevertheless, motions filed before sentencing

should be granted “freely and liberally.” Id. at 527. A trial court must conduct a hearing to

determine whether the defendant has demonstrated a “‘reasonable and legitimate basis’” to

withdraw the plea, but it is within the trial court’s discretion to determine the nature and scope of

that hearing. State v. Benson, 9th Dist. Summit Nos. 28527, 28577, 28578, 28579, 2017-Ohio-

8150, ¶ 7, quoting Xie at paragraph one of the syllabus and Lorain v. Price, 9th Dist. Lorain No.

96CA006314, 1996 WL 556916, *2 (Oct. 2, 1996).

         {¶5}   In every case, the defendant bears the burden of demonstrating that there is a

reasonable and legitimate basis for withdrawing the plea. State v. Jones, 9th Dist. Wayne No.

12CA0024, 2012-Ohio-6150, ¶ 37, citing State v. DeWille, 9th Dist. Medina No. 2101, 1992 WL

323896, *1 (Nov. 4. 1992). The determination of whether to grant a presentence motion to

withdraw a guilty plea is entrusted to the discretion of the trial court, and this Court reviews that
                                                3


decision for an abuse of discretion. See Xie at paragraph two of the syllabus. An abuse of

discretion is present when a trial court’s decision “‘is contrary to law, unreasonable, not

supported by evidence, or grossly unsound.’” Menke v. Menke, 9th Dist. Summit No. 27330,

2015-Ohio-2507, ¶ 8, quoting Tretola v. Tretola, 3d Dist. Logan No. 8-14-24, 2015-Ohio-1999, ¶

25.

       {¶6}    This Court has concluded that a trial court does not abuse its discretion by

denying a presentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea when:

       (1) the defendant is represented by competent counsel; (2) the trial court provides
       the defendant with a full hearing before entering the guilty plea; and (3) the trial
       court provides the defendant with a full hearing on the motion to withdraw the
       guilty plea, where the court considers the defendant’s arguments in support of his
       motion to withdraw the guilty plea.

State v. Pamer, 9th Dist. Medina No. 04CA0027-M, 2004-Ohio-7190, ¶ 10, citing State v.

Rosemark, 116 Ohio App.3d 306, 308 (9th Dist.1996). Our review is also guided by considering

prejudice that may be suffered by the State, the adequacy of representation afforded to the

defendant, the character of the underlying plea hearing, the scope of the trial court’s

consideration of the motion to withdraw, the timing of the motion, the reasons articulated in the

motion to withdraw, the defendant’s understanding of the nature of the charges and the potential

sentences, and whether the defendant may have been not guilty of the offense or had a complete

defense. State v. Wheeland, 9th Dist. Medina No. 06CA0034-M, 2007-Ohio-1213, ¶ 12, quoting

State v. Fulk, 3d Dist. Van Wert No. 15-04-17, 2005-Ohio-2506, ¶ 13, quoting State v. Lewis, 3d

Dist. Allen No. 1-02-10, 2002-Ohio-3950, ¶ 11. This Court has consistently noted that “[a] mere

change of heart” does not justify the withdrawal of a guilty plea. State v. West, 9th Dist. Summit

No. 28668, 2017-Ohio-8474, ¶ 7, citing State v. Brown, 9th Dist. Summit No. 23759, 2007-Ohio-

7028, ¶ 23.
                                                4


       {¶7}    In his letter to the trial court, which the trial court construed as a motion to

withdraw his guilty plea, Mr. Brundage alleged that his attorneys misrepresented the potential

sentence that he might receive and pressured him into pleading guilty. The trial court conducted

a full hearing on the motion, however, and the evidence presented at that hearing undermined

Mr. Brundage’s position. Mr. Brundage appeared for a complete hearing before pleading guilty,

during which the trial court conducted a full colloquy with him pursuant to Crim.R. 11. During

that colloquy, he acknowledged the range within which his potential sentence would fall, which

was also set forth in the written plea agreement that he signed. Mr. Brundage’s attorneys

explained the discussions that had led up to his guilty plea on the record, and Mr. Brundage did

not express any disagreement or dissatisfaction with counsel’s representation. He affirmed that

his attorneys had reviewed the plea agreements with him, had explained the agreements, and had

answered all of his questions. The record supports the conclusion that Mr. Brundage received

adequate representation from his attorneys.

       {¶8}    The State introduced the recording of a phone call made by the defendant on the

day that he entered his guilty plea. During that call, Mr. Brundage maintained a calm, rational

tone. He expressed a clear understanding of the range of sentences that he could receive and

emphasized that he would not know his sentence until the trial court made a decision on the

issue. He stated that his attorneys reviewed everything with him and expressed no dissatisfaction

with their representation.

       {¶9}    The overall substance of this conversation reflected that Mr. Brundage had a

change of heart regarding his plea in light of the uncertainty surrounding his sentence, and such a

change does not justify withdrawing a plea. West, 2017-Ohio-8474, at ¶ 7, citing Brown, 2007-
                                                5


Ohio-7028, at ¶ 23. Given these circumstances, this Court cannot conclude that the trial court

abused its discretion by denying Mr. Brundage’s motion to withdraw his guilty plea.

       {¶10} Mr. Brundage’s first assignment of error is overruled.

                              ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. 2

       THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION [] WHEN IMPOSING
       SENTENCE ON APPELLANT[.]

       {¶11} Mr. Brundage’s second assignment of error argues that the trial court erred by

imposing maximum and consecutive sentences upon him. This Court does not agree.

       {¶12} This Court may modify or vacate a felony sentence “only if it determines by clear

and convincing evidence that the record does not support the trial court’s findings under relevant

statutes or that the sentence is otherwise contrary to law.” State v. Marcum, 146 Ohio St.3d 516,

2016-Ohio-1002, ¶ 1. With respect to maximum sentences, a trial court has “full discretion to

impose a prison sentence within the statutory range” and is “no longer required to make findings

or give * * * reasons for imposing maximum * * * sentences.” State v. Mathis, 109 Ohio St.3d

54, 2006-Ohio-855, paragraph three of the syllabus.1

       {¶13} “The overriding purposes of felony sentencing are to protect the public from

future crime by the offender and others and to punish the offender using the minimum sanctions

that the court determines accomplish those purposes without imposing an unnecessary burden on

state or local government resources.”      R.C. 2929.11(A).     Trial courts have discretion in

fashioning felony sentences with consideration for the factors provided in R.C. 2929.12(B)-(F).

R.C. 2929.12(A).    “R.C. 2929.12(B) includes factors that suggest that the offense is more


       1
         The Reagan Tokes Law, Am.Sub.S.B. No. 201, 2018 Ohio Laws 157, effective March
22, 2019, made substantive amendments to Ohio’s felony sentencing statutes with respect to
felonies of the first and second degree committed after the effective date of the amendments.
Those changes are not at issue in this appeal.
                                                 6


serious. R.C. 2929.12(C) includes factors suggesting the offense is less serious. The recidivism

factors—factors indicating an offender is more or less likely to commit future crimes—are set

forth in R.C. 2929.12(D) and (E).” State v. Thrasher, 9th Dist. Summit No. 27547, 2015-Ohio-

2504, ¶ 5.

       {¶14} Mr. Brundage does not dispute that his sentences are within the permissible range

for the offenses to which he pleaded guilty. Instead, he has argued that the trial court abused its

discretion by imposing two maximum sentences despite the fact that he was unlikely to reoffend

in the future and by ordering him to serve consecutive sentences.

       {¶15} R.C. 2929.12(D) provides that the following factors are among those “indicating

that the offender is likely to commit future crimes”:

       (1) At the time of committing the offense, the offender was under release from
       confinement before trial or sentencing; was under a sanction imposed pursuant to
       section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the Revised Code; was under post-release
       control pursuant to section 2967.28 or any other provision of the Revised Code
       for an earlier offense or had been unfavorably terminated from post-release
       control for a prior offense pursuant to division (B) of section 2967.16 or section
       2929.141 of the Revised Code; was under transitional control in connection with a
       prior offense; or had absconded from the offender’s approved community
       placement resulting in the offender’s removal from the transitional control
       program under section 2967.26 of the Revised Code.

       (2) The offender previously was adjudicated a delinquent child pursuant to
       Chapter 2151. of the Revised Code prior to January 1, 2002, or pursuant to
       Chapter 2152. of the Revised Code, or the offender has a history of criminal
       convictions.

       (3) The offender has not been rehabilitated to a satisfactory degree after
       previously being adjudicated a delinquent child pursuant to Chapter 2151. of the
       Revised Code prior to January 1, 2002, or pursuant to Chapter 2152. of the
       Revised Code, or the offender has not responded favorably to sanctions
       previously imposed for criminal convictions.

       (4) The offender has demonstrated a pattern of drug or alcohol abuse that is
       related to the offense, and the offender refuses to acknowledge that the offender
       has demonstrated that pattern, or the offender refuses treatment for the drug or
       alcohol abuse.
                                                 7


       (5) The offender shows no genuine remorse for the offense.

On the other hand, R.C. 2929.12(E) provides that the following factors are among those

“indicating that the offender is not likely to commit future crimes”:

       (1) Prior to committing the offense, the offender had not been adjudicated a
       delinquent child.

       (2) Prior to committing the offense, the offender had not been convicted of or
       pleaded guilty to a criminal offense.

       (3) Prior to committing the offense, the offender had led a law-abiding life for a
       significant number of years.

       (4) The offense was committed under circumstances not likely to recur.

       (5) The offender shows genuine remorse for the offense.

       {¶16} The record supports the trial court’s exercise of its discretion to impose maximum

sentences in this case.     Neither the trial court nor the parties requested a presentence

investigation, but the record indicates that Mr. Brundage pleaded guilty to multiple sex offenses

involving multiple children over an extended period of time.            Mr. Brundage showed no

indication that he was remorseful for his conduct.        Under these circumstances we cannot

conclude that the trial court abused its discretion by imposing maximum sentences.

       {¶17} R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) requires trial courts to make certain findings before imposing

consecutive sentences:

       If multiple prison terms are imposed on an offender for convictions of multiple
       offenses, the court may require the offender to serve the prison terms
       consecutively if the court finds that the consecutive service is necessary to protect
       the public from future crime or to punish the offender and that consecutive
       sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and
       to the danger the offender poses to the public, and if the court also finds any of the
       following:

       (a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple offenses while the
       offender was awaiting trial or sentencing, was under a sanction imposed pursuant
       to section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the Revised Code, or was under post-
       release control for a prior offense.
                                                8


       (b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of one or more
       courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or more of the multiple offenses
       so committed was so great or unusual that no single prison term for any of the
       offenses committed as part of any of the courses of conduct adequately reflects
       the seriousness of the offender’s conduct.

       (c) The offender’s history of criminal conduct demonstrates that consecutive
       sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime by the offender.

In order to impose consecutive sentences, “a trial court is required to make the findings

mandated by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) at the sentencing hearing and incorporate its findings into its

sentencing entry.” State v. Bonnell, 140 Ohio St.3d 209, 2014-Ohio-3177, syllabus. If a trial

court fails to make the findings required by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4), prison terms must be served

concurrently. Id. at ¶ 23, citing R.C. 2929.41(A). A trial court is not, however, required to

explain its findings before imposing consecutive sentences. Bonnell at syllabus. “[T]he record

must contain a basis upon which a reviewing court can determine that the trial court made the

findings required by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) before it imposed consecutive sentences[,]” but “a

word-for-word recitation of the language of the statute is not required, and as long as the

reviewing court can discern that the trial court engaged in the correct analysis and can determine

that the record contains evidence to support the findings, consecutive sentences should be

upheld.” Bonnell at ¶ 28-29.

       {¶18} In this case, the trial court made each of the findings required by R.C.

2929.14(C)(4) before imposing sentence in language that mirrored that of the statute, and those

findings are reflected in the trial court’s sentencing entry as well. See Bonnell at syllabus. The

trial court did not err by ordering Mr. Brundage to serve his sentences consecutively.

       {¶19} Mr. Brundage’s second assignment of error is overruled.
                                                 9


                                                III.

       {¶20} Mr. Brundage’s assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Summit

County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

                                                                              Judgment affirmed.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellant.




                                                       LYNNE S. CALLAHAN
                                                       FOR THE COURT



HENSAL, J.
TEODOSIO, J.
CONCUR.
                                         10


APPEARANCES:

ANGELA M. KILLE, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and JACQUENETTE S. CORGAN, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.
