MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this                      Mar 11 2015, 10:04 am
Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as
precedent or cited before any court except for the
purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.



ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                    ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Daniel L. Askren                                          Gregory F. Zoeller
O’Connor and Askren Law Office                            Attorney General of Indiana
Attica, Indiana
                                                          Robert J. Henke
                                                          David E. Corey
                                                          Deputy Attorneys General
                                                          Indianapolis, Indiana



                                             IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In the Matter of the Termination                         March 11, 2015
of the Parent-Child Relationship                         Court of Appeals Case No.
of: D.R., L.R. & S.R. (Minor                             23A01-1409-JT-420
Children),                                               Appeal from the Fountain Circuit
                                                         Court.
A.R. (Father),                                           The Honorable Stephanie S.
                                                         Campbell, Judge Pro Tempore.
Appellant-Respondent,
                                                         The Honorable Susan Orr
                                                         Henderson, Judge.
        v.                                               Cause No. 23C01-1405-JT-82
                                                                   23C01-1405-JT-83
The Indiana Department of                                          23C01-1405-JT-84
Child Services,
Appellee-Petitioner




Baker, Judge.



Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015     Page 1 of 10
[1]   A.R. (Father) appeals the juvenile court’s order terminating the parent-child

      relationship between Father and his three children. Father argues that there is

      insufficient evidence supporting the juvenile court’s conclusion that there was a

      reasonable probability that the conditions that led to the children’s removal

      from his care would not be remedied. Finding sufficient evidence, we affirm.


                                                            Facts
[2]   Father and L.H. (Mother)1 had three children together: D.R., born December

      30, 2004, L.R., born April 16, 2006, and S.R., born December 31, 2008. This

      family has had multiple contacts with the Department of Child Services (DCS)

      in the past. In February 2005, DCS substantiated allegations of medical neglect

      regarding D.R. In December 2005, DCS substantiated allegations that D.R.

      was endangered by drug use. In March 2010, DCS substantiated allegations of

      endangerment regarding all three children. The 2010 substantiation led to a

      case in which all three children were found to be children in need of services

      (CHINS). At that time, Father acknowledged that his criminal history and

      substance abuse issues had led to the children’s removal. The CHINS case

      closed in June 2011, when the children were returned to the parents’ care.


[3]   On February 19, 2013, DCS filed a petition alleging that the children were

      CHINS based on allegations that on February 14, law enforcement had found

      heroin and drug paraphernalia in the family’s residence. Additionally, the




      1
          Mother voluntarily relinquished her parental rights to the children and is not participating in this appeal.


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015                   Page 2 of 10
      children reported that they had not eaten on February 14 because the parents

      had forgotten to feed them and that they had not bathed in awhile. The

      children were removed from the parents’ care and placed in foster care. At the

      time of removal, Father tested positive for marijuana and heroin. On April 22,

      2013, the juvenile court found the children to be CHINS based upon the

      following admissions made by the parents: (1) the utilities were shut off at the

      residence; (2) when law enforcement performed a probation check on another

      adult living in the home, they discovered a controlled substance and

      paraphernalia in the home; and (3) law enforcement reported that Father

      appeared to be under the influence.


[4]   Between the children’s removal in February 2013 and April 2013, the parents

      had regular supervised visits with the children. The visitation supervisor

      expressed concerns about a number of behaviors exhibited by Father:

      (1) having inappropriate conversations with the children about the CHINS case;

      (2) arguing with Mother in front of the children; (3) failing to intervene when

      there were safety issues regarding the children; (4) using his phone during visits;

      and (5) not using a consistent and predictable system to discipline the children.

      During that time, DCS offered services, including counseling and substance

      abuse treatment, to Father, but he did not participate in those services.


[5]   On or about April 26, 2013, Father left Indiana without informing DCS. He

      was on the run from law enforcement and ended up in Arizona for

      approximately three weeks. On May 1, 2013, an arrest warrant was issued for

      Father, and he was eventually arrested in Arizona and returned to Indiana. He

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015   Page 3 of 10
      has been incarcerated since that time. On April 18, 2014, Father was convicted

      of class B felony burglary and class D felony theft. He was sentenced to eight

      years imprisonment, with four years suspended. His earliest possible release

      date is May 2017.


[6]   On May 9, 2013, the juvenile court entered a dispositional order. Inasmuch as

      Father was incarcerated at that time, the court ordered that DCS did not have

      to provide services to Father until he was released from incarceration and in a

      position to participate with services.


[7]   After Father’s incarceration, he had phone contact with the children twice a

      week. The phone calls occurred during Mother’s supervised visits with the

      children. At some point in time, Mother’s visits were suspended because of a

      positive drug screen and the voluntary relinquishment of her parental rights.

      Father’s phone contact with the children ended at that time, and he never

      requested that it begin again. He testified that he had written to the children “a

      few times,” tr. p. 33, but the family case manager (FCM) did not recall Father

      sending her any letters to pass on to the children, id. at 55.


[8]   In addition to the convictions he amassed during the instant CHINS case,

      Father has prior convictions for possession of controlled substances, dealing in

      marijuana, public intoxication, battery, and residential entry. He admits that he

      has a substance abuse problem. During the 2010-11 CHINS case, Father

      received substance abuse treatment and parenting classes. He continued using




      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015   Page 4 of 10
       illegal substances, however, inasmuch as he tested positive for heroin and

       marijuana in February 2013.


[9]    DCS filed a petition to terminate the parent-child relationship between Father

       and his children, and the juvenile court held an evidentiary hearing on the

       petition on July 29, 2014. At the time of the termination hearing, Father had

       just begun a twelve-step program, which lasts seven to eight months, in the

       Department of Correction.


[10]   At the termination hearing, evidence was introduced that D.R. and L.R. had

       undergone a sexual abuse assessment. The assessment indicated that the

       children had been the victims of sexual abuse by a half-sibling. As a result of

       that abuse, the children had sexually reactive behaviors—they acted out

       sexually and perpetrated on other children. Their therapist recommended that

       they sleep separately and have no unsupervised contact with each other. All

       three children were receiving individual therapy, and D.R. and L.R. were also

       receiving counseling for their sexually reactive behaviors.


[11]   The Guardian ad Litem (GAL), the children’s service providers, and the FCM

       testified that termination was in the children’s best interest. Both the GAL and

       FCM were concerned about the risk for drug exposure when in Father’s care,

       the lack of structure and routine when in Father’s care, and the need for two of

       the children to have ongoing therapy as a result of sexual molestation that

       occurred when in Father’s care. All three children were placed in the same

       preadoptive foster home, where they were thriving and progressing. The


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015   Page 5 of 10
       juvenile court ordered that the parent-child relationship be terminated. Father

       now appeals.


                                    Discussion and Decision
                                      I. Standard of Review
[12]   Our standard of review with respect to termination of parental rights

       proceedings is well established. In considering whether termination was

       appropriate, we neither reweigh the evidence nor assess witness credibility.

       K.T.K. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child Servs., 989 N.E.2d 1225, 1229 (Ind. 2013). We will

       consider only the evidence and reasonable inferences that may be drawn

       therefrom in support of the judgment, giving due regard to the trial court’s

       opportunity to judge witness credibility firsthand. Id. Where, as here, the trial

       court entered findings of fact and conclusions of law, we will not set aside the

       findings or judgment unless clearly erroneous. Id. In making that

       determination, we must consider whether the evidence clearly and convincingly

       supports the findings, and the findings clearly and convincingly support the

       judgment. Id. at 1229-30. It is “sufficient to show by clear and convincing

       evidence that the child’s emotional and physical development are threatened by

       the respondent parent’s custody.” Bester v. Lake Cnty. Office of Family & Children,

       839 N.E.2d 143, 148 (Ind. 2005).


[13]   Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2) requires that a petition to terminate

       parental rights for a CHINS must make the following allegations:

               (A)      that one (1) of the following is true:

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015   Page 6 of 10
                        (i)     The child has been removed from the parent for at least
                                six (6) months under a dispositional decree.
                        (ii)    A court has entered a finding under IC 31-34-21-5.6 that
                                reasonable efforts for family preservation or
                                reunification are not required, including a description of
                                the court’s finding, the date of the finding, and the
                                manner in which the finding was made.
                        (iii)   The child has been removed from the parent and has
                                been under the supervision of a local office or probation
                                department for at least fifteen (15) months of the most
                                recent twenty-two (22) months, beginning with the date
                                the child is removed from the home as a result of the
                                child being alleged to be a child in need of services or a
                                delinquent child;
               (B)      that one (1) of the following is true:
                        (i)     There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that
                                resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for
                                placement outside the home of the parents will not be
                                remedied.
                        (ii)    There is a reasonable probability that the continuation of
                                the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-
                                being of the child.
                        (iii)   The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been
                                adjudicated a child in need of services;
               (C)      that termination is in the best interests of the child; and
               (D)      that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the
                        child.
       DCS must prove the alleged circumstances by clear and convincing evidence.

       K.T.K., 989 N.E.2d at 1230.


[14]   In this case, the juvenile court based its termination order, in part, upon a

       finding that there is a reasonable probability that the conditions that resulted in




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015   Page 7 of 10
       the children’s removal will not be remedied. That is the sole finding challenged

       by Father in this appeal.2


                          II. Conditions Resulting in Removal
[15]   In considering this issue, a juvenile court must judge a parent’s fitness to care

       for his or her children at the time of the termination hearing. In re E.M., 4

       N.E.3d 636, 643 (Ind. 2014). The juvenile court may, however, take into

       consideration the parent’s habitual patterns of conduct to determine the

       probability of future neglect or deprivation of the children. Id. Among other

       things, a juvenile court may consider a parent’s criminal history, substance

       abuse history, and lack of adequate housing. McBride v. Monroe Cnty. Office of

       Family and Children, 798 N.E.2d 185, 199 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003).


[16]   In this case, the children were removed from Father’s care because heroin and

       paraphernalia were found in the home where they were staying, children’s basic

       needs, such as nutrition and hygiene, were not being met, and Father tested

       positive for heroin and marijuana at the time of removal. Prior to the instant

       CHINS case, the undisputed evidence regarding Father’s habitual patterns of

       conduct is as follows:




       2
         We note that the statute is drafted in the disjunctive, meaning that DCS need only prove either that the
       conditions that led to the children’s removal would not be remedied OR that continuation of the parent-child
       relationship posed a threat to the children’s well-being. In other words, even if there were insufficient
       evidence supporting the former conclusion, the termination could still be affirmed if there were sufficient
       evidence supporting the latter conclusion. Inasmuch as the juvenile court in this case based the termination
       only on the former conclusion, however, we will address Father’s argument on appeal.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015            Page 8 of 10
            Father has two prior substantiations for neglect. The children have been
             adjudicated CHINS on one prior occasion, resulting in part from
             Father’s substance abuse. Father participated in substance abuse
             treatment in that CHINS case.
            Father has prior criminal history, including convictions for possession of
             controlled substances, dealing in marijuana, public intoxication, battery,
             and residential entry.

[17]   In the course of the instant CHINS case, the record reveals the following

       evidence regarding Father:


            Notwithstanding his prior substance abuse treatment, Father tested
             positive for heroin and marijuana when the children were removed.
            DCS offered services to Father in this case before he was incarcerated but
             he did not participate.
            Before Father went on the run, he had supervised visits with the children.
             The visitation supervisor had numerous concerns about Father’s
             behavior during those visits.
            Father absconded from the State to evade law enforcement and has been
             incarcerated since his Arizona arrest in the spring of 2013.
            During this CHINS case, Father was convicted of class B felony robbery
             and class D felony theft. His earliest possible release date is in May
             2017.
            While incarcerated, Father had twice weekly phone calls with the
             children during Mother’s supervised visits. When Mother relinquished
             her parental rights, the phone calls stopped, and Father never requested
             that they continue.
            At some point while in the care of their parents, two of the children were
             sexually molested by a half-sibling. They continue to exhibit sexually
             reactive behavior and will need ongoing services as a result.

[18]   Father argues that this case is similar to In re M.W., in which this Court held

       that termination was inappropriate where the father was set to be released from

       incarceration three months after the termination hearing and had completed all

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015   Page 9 of 10
       but one requirement of the dispositional plan. 943 N.E.2d 848, 856 (Ind. Ct.

       App. 2011). We disagree and find M.W. to be easily distinguishable from this

       case.


[19]   Here, Father’s earliest possible release date is three years from the date of the

       termination hearing. Moreover, before his incarceration, Father had not

       participated in services offered by DCS, and he had only just begun a seven-

       month twelve-step program in the DOC at the time of the termination hearing.

       He did not object when his phone contact with the children ceased.

       Furthermore, Father has had multiple prior contacts with DCS, including a

       CHINS case in which he participated in multiple services. Notwithstanding

       prior substance abuse treatment and counseling, he has continued to use illegal

       substances—while caring for his children, no less—and engage in criminal

       activity.


[20]   Given this record, we find that the juvenile court did not err by finding that

       DCS proved by clear and convincing evidence that there is a reasonable

       probability that the conditions that led to the children’s removal from Father’s

       care would not be remedied. Therefore, we find that the juvenile court did not

       err by terminating the parent-child relationship.


[21]   The judgment of the juvenile court is affirmed.


       Vaidik, C.J., and Riley, J., concur.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 23A01-1409-JT-420 | March 11, 2015   Page 10 of 10
