[Cite as State v. Moore, 2020-Ohio-3805.]

                              COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

                             EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

STATE OF OHIO,                                    :

                 Plaintiff-Appellee,              :
                                                            No. 109017
                 v.                               :

P.J.M.,                                           :

                 Defendant-Appellant.             :


                               JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION

                 JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
                 RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: July 23, 2020


          Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                              Case No. CR-18-631624-A


                                            Appearances:

                 Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
                 Attorney, and Sarah Denney, Assistant Prosecuting
                 Attorney, for appellee.

                 Christopher M. Kelley, for appellant.


LARRY A. JONES, SR., J.:

        {¶ 1}      Defendant-appellant P.M. appeals his misdemeanor conviction for

violating a protection order. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.

        {¶ 2}      In 2018, P.M. was charged with violating a protection order in

violation of R.C. 2919.27(A)(1), a felony of the third degree (Count 1), and two counts
of menacing by stalking in violation of R.C. 2903.211(A)(1), felonies of the fourth

degree (Counts 2 and 3). The matter proceeded to a bench trial at which the

following evidence was presented.

      {¶ 3}   D.M. was married to P.M. from 2005 to 2011. On May 16, 2017, D.M.

filed for an ex parte civil protection order against P.M. with the Cuyahoga County

Common Pleas Court, Domestic Relations Division. The court set a hearing for May

31, 2017. At that hearing, D.M. asked for a continuance so she could get an attorney;

she and P.M. both signed a document that acknowledged that the ex parte civil

protection order was in effect from May 16, 2017, until May 15, 2018, or until further

order from the court. The order, which was entered into evidence, stated, in part,

that P.M. was not to enter D.M.’s place of employment. The court set additional

hearing dates, although from the record it appears that none of the subsequent

hearing dates went forward.

      {¶ 4}   D.M. worked at Discount Drug Mart, where she had been an

employee for six years, but was not working on July 14, 2017. Discount Drug Mart

employee Carla Kuglin (“Kuglin”) testified that P.M. came into the store that day to

pay some bills; the store is able to take payments from customers on their utility

bills. Kuglin explained that cashiers retrieve customer accounts by scanning the

customer’s store courtesy card or by inputting the customer’s name or phone

number into the system. According to Kuglin, as she was helping P.M. pay his bills,

he asked about D.M. and whether she still worked at the store. At the time, Kuglin

did not know who P.M. was and thought it was “weird” that he was asking about
D.M. Kuglin informed her store manager about the encounter. Kuglin identified

herself and P.M. from surveillance video taken from the store; she also identified

P.M. using his store courtesy card during the transaction. D.M. also identified P.M.

in the store surveillance video.

      {¶ 5}    Deputy Michael Cyrus (“Deputy Cyrus”) of the Cuyahoga County

Sheriff’s Department testified that he delivered the civil protection order to P.M. on

May 17, 2017, and discussed the order with him. He testified that he had no specific

recollection of the encounter but recorded the interaction on his log sheet.

According to his log, Deputy Cyrus interacted with P.M. from 2:57 p.m. – 3:05 p.m.

on May 17, 2017. Deputy Cyrus testified that he would have looked up P.M.’s photo

before delivering the paperwork, reviewed the paperwork, and would have noticed

if the paperwork was blank. If the paperwork had been blank, the deputy testified

he would have taken corrective measures to ensure that he was not serving a

respondent with a blank order. The deputy testified that when he delivers an order,

the respondent is asked to sign something.          The deputy admitted that some

respondents refuse to sign, which he advises they are allowed to do, and if they

refuse to sign, he notes it in his log. Deputy Cyrus identified a signature on the

service slip that read “[P.M.]” and testified that it indicated to him that he delivered

the protection order directly to P.M.: “They do. I mean, it’s kind of ─ a lot of times

people will say I’m not signing it, which they’re not obligated to, and we advise them

of that. If they do not sign it, we write on the jacket that we have, ‘Refused to sign.’”
       {¶ 6}   Deputy Cyrus testified that if there had been anything that was

abnormal about the encounter or if P.M. had refused to sign, he would have made a

notation. The deputy further testified that prior to serving a notice, he reviews it

because there can be errors in the document: “Well, prior to taking it out, we’ll make

sure that that doesn’t have [errors] ─ like now, it’s easier, because we actually

physically process it, but sometimes when you get new staff in and that, you know,

you really want to keep an eye on that, because that’s when the errors will occur.”

       {¶ 7}   Orville Strickland (“Strickland”) testified that it was him, and not

P.M., that went to Discount Drug Mart on July 14, 2017. Strickland testified that he

went to the store to pay P.M.’s utility bills. When asked, Strickland said he did not

recognize himself in the store surveillance video.        Upon further questioning,

Strickland said a person in the video “could be” or “may be” him, concluding, “I’m

not sure.” When asked yet again, Strickland stated, “Yes, it seems to be me.”

Strickland testified that he had paid bills for P.M. on other occasions, but he did not

use a store courtesy card during the transaction and never asked the cashier about

D.M.

       {¶ 8}   Clarence Stafford (“Stafford”) testified that he was with P.M. on July

14, 2017. The two recorded videos of themselves buying car parts from a junk lot. It

was the only day they had ever recorded themselves doing this activity. Stafford

admitted that the video had been “modified” since it was created. He gave the video

files to P.M. about a week after they recorded the videos. Although Stafford testified
that he was with P.M. “all day” on July 14, under cross-examination he identified

different blocks throughout the day that he was not with P.M..

      {¶ 9}    Stafford testified that to his knowledge P.M. was good with

computers. He gave P.M. the videos from July 14 but did not give a copy directly to

the police or to P.M.’s attorney.

      {¶ 10} Cleveland Police Detective John Freehoffer (“Detective Freehoffer”)

was assigned to the case. He testified that he met with Strickland after viewing the

surveillance video from Discount Drug Mart. Strickland appeared to be about 80

pounds heavier than P.M. and walked with a cane. Detective Freehoffer testified

that the person in the video did not use a cane. Detective Freehoffer further testified

that in his 18 years in the domestic violence unit, he had never encountered someone

who was delivered blank paperwork for a protection order. According to Detective

Freehoffer, it is easy to obtain blank protection order paperwork because the forms

can be downloaded online.

      {¶ 11} Deana Robertson (“attorney Robertson”) testified that she was P.M.’s

former attorney for this case and P.M. brought to her office a sealed envelope,

addressed to him that contained a blank protection order. Attorney Robertson was

concerned that she witnessed P.M. open a letter containing a blank protection order

so she asked the trial court to remove her from the case. On cross-examination,

attorney Robertson testified that she did not represent P.M. in the domestic

relations court where he allegedly stipulated to the temporary protection order and

that she does not know where P.M. got the letter he brought to her office.
      {¶ 12} After the close of all the evidence, the state asked the trial court to

consider the lesser included offense of violating a protection order in violation of

R.C. 2919.27(A)(1) for Count 1, which would remove the language that P.M. had

violated a protection order or consent agreement while committing a felony offense,

thereby reducing Count 1 to a misdemeanor of the first degree. As to Count 2, the

state additionally asked the trial court to consider the lesser included offense of

menacing by stalking in violation of R.C. 2903.211(A)(1), which would remove the

furthermore specification that P.M. had trespassed on the land or premises where

the victim lives, is employed, or attends school, thereby reducing Count 2 to a

misdemeanor of the first degree.

      {¶ 13} The court subsequently found P.M. not guilty of Counts 2 and 3 and

guilty of Count 1 as follows: guilty of the lesser included offense in Count 1 of

violating a protection order in violation of R.C. 2919.27(A)(1), a misdemeanor of the

first degree. The trial court sentenced P.M. to one year of community control

sanctions.

      {¶ 14} It is from this conviction P.M. now appeals, raising the following

assignments of error, which we review out of order:

      I. Appellant’s conviction is against the manifest weight of the
      evidence.

      II. Appellant’s conviction is not supported by sufficient evidence.

      {¶ 15} We first address whether P.M.’s conviction was supported by

sufficient evidence. P.M. makes two arguments to support his claim that his
conviction was not supported by sufficient evidence: (1) P.M. never received proper

service of the restraining order and (2) P.M. did not violate the order because he was

not at the Discount Drug Mart on July 14, 2017.

      {¶ 16} Crim.R. 29(A) provides for an acquittal “if the evidence is insufficient

to sustain a conviction of such offense or offenses.”        A sufficiency challenge

essentially argues that the evidence presented was inadequate to support the jury

verdict as a matter of law. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386, 678 N.E.2d

541 (1997). ‘“The relevant question is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light

most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the

essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.”’ State v. Getsy, 84 Ohio

St.3d 180, 193, 702 N.E.2d 866 (1998), quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307,

99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979). “[A] conviction based on legally insufficient

evidence constitutes a denial of due process.” Thompkins at id., citing Tibbs v.

Florida, 457 U.S. 31, 102 S.Ct. 2211, 72 L.Ed.2d 652 (1982). When reviewing a

sufficiency-of-the-evidence claim, we review the evidence in a light most favorable

to the prosecution. State v. Hill, 75 Ohio St.3d 195, 205, 661 N.E.2d 1068 (1996).

      {¶ 17} P.M. was convicted of violating a protection order, in violation of R.C.

2919.27(A)(1), which provides that:

      (A) No person shall recklessly violate the terms of any of the following:

      (1) A protection order issued or consent agreement approved pursuant
      to section 2919.26 or 3113.31 of the Revised Code[.]

      {¶ 18} Further, R.C. 2919.27(D) provides:
          In a prosecution for a violation of this section, it is not necessary for the
          prosecution to prove that the protection order or consent agreement
          was served on the defendant if the prosecution proves that the
          defendant was shown the protection order or consent agreement or a
          copy of either or a judge, magistrate, or law enforcement officer
          informed the defendant that a protection order or consent agreement
          had been issued, and proves that the defendant recklessly violated the
          terms of the order or agreement.

          {¶ 19} P.M.’s first contention is that the state failed to prove that he

recklessly violated the protection order because P.M. was never personally served

with the protection order. P.M. directs this court to State v. Mohabir, 5th Dist.

Fairfield No. 04CA17, 2005-Ohio-78. In Mohabir, the defendant was convicted of

violating the terms of a protection order. The order had been mailed to the jail where

the defendant was being held but was not directly served on the defendant. The

Mohabir court vacated the defendant’s conviction, finding that due process required

proof that the defendant be directly served with a copy of the protection order. Id.

at ¶ 6.

          {¶ 20} P.M. contends that he also was not properly served because he was

served with a blank protection order. He further contends that he never entered

Discount Drug Mart on July 14, 2017; it was Strickland who went to the store to pay

his utility bills on his behalf.

          {¶ 21} We are not persuaded by P.M.’s reliance on Mohabir. This is not a

situation where P.M. was incarcerated and the order was mailed to the jail. In this

case, while Deputy Cyrus did not have any specific recollection of serving P.M. with

the order, the deputy testified to his normal procedure of serving protection orders,
that he would have noticed if the order was blank, and he spent eight minutes with

P.M. explaining the order, because it is his practice to make sure respondents

understand their order. Moreover, the service slip was signed “[P.M.]”

      {¶ 22} In State v. Rexrode, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 17AP-873, 2018-Ohio-

3634, the defendant was charged with violating a protection order, but claimed

improper service. The deputy who served the defendant with the protection order

had only a “faint” memory of service, but “testified to his standard routine and

general habit in serving CPOs [‘civil protection orders’] for over ten years,” described

how he explains the protection order and informs respondents of the hearing date.

Id. at ¶ 12. The defendant also signed the protection order receipt. Id. at ¶ 10.

      {¶ 23} Similarly, here, Deputy Cyrus did not have any specific recollection of

serving P.M. but testified to his normal procedure of making sure the people he

serves protection orders on understand the order. Further, the deputy’s log

indicated that he personally met with P.M. and spent eight minutes with him

discussing the protection order. The service slip is signed “[P.M.]”

      {¶ 24} Further, Mohabir was decided prior to the 2017 amendment to R.C.

2919.27(D).1 The current version of R.C. 2919.27(D) provides that unperfected

service of a protection order does not preclude a prosecution for a violation of R.C.



1In 2017, the Ohio Legislature amended R.C. 2919.27(D). See PROTECTION ORDERS —
VIOLATION, 2017 Ohio Laws File 10 (Sub. S.B. 7) (“The amendments made by this act to
division (D) of section 2919.27 of the Revised Code are intended to supersede the holding
of the Ohio Supreme Court in State v. Smith, 136 Ohio St.3d 1, 2013-Ohio-1698, 989
N.E.2d 972, so that unperfected service of a protection order or consent agreement does
not preclude a prosecution for a violation of division (A) of that section.”).
2919.27(A) so long as the prosecution can show that the defendant was shown the

protection order or a copy of it or a judge, magistrate, or law enforcement officer

informed the defendant that a protection order had been issued and proves that the

defendant recklessly violated the terms of the order. R.C. 2919.27(D). Thus, the

state did not have to prove proper service; proper service is not an element of the

offense pursuant to R.C. 2919.27(A).

         {¶ 25} With respect to P.M.’s argument that he never entered Discount Drug

Mart on July 14, 2017, Kuglin testified that she helped P.M. on July 14, 2017. Kuglin

and P.M. were both in the surveillance video, and Kuglin identified P.M. in court as

the person who inquired about D.M. D.M. also identified P.M. from the surveillance

video.

         {¶ 26} With respect to P.M.’s insufficiency of the evidence argument, we find

that when viewing the evidence most strongly in favor of the prosecution, the state

presented sufficient evidence that P.M. recklessly violated the terms of the

protection order by entering D.M.’s place of employment and knew about the

protection order because he signed an acknowledgment of the order in the domestic

relations court and received personal service of the order, in violation of R.C.

2919.27(A)(1).

         {¶ 27} The second assignment of error is overruled.

         {¶ 28} In the first assignment of error, P.M. contends that his conviction was

against the manifest weight of the evidence.
       {¶ 29} The criminal manifest weight-of-the-evidence standard addresses the

evidence’s effect of inducing belief. State v. Wilson, 113 Ohio St.3d 382, 2007-Ohio-

2202, 865 N.E.2d 1264, ¶ 25, citing Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d at 386, 678 N.E.2d

541. Under the manifest weight-of-the-evidence standard, a reviewing court must

ask the following question: whose evidence is more persuasive ─ the state’s or the

defendant’s? Wilson at id. Although there may be legally sufficient evidence to

support a judgment, it may nevertheless be against the manifest weight of the

evidence. Thompkins at 387; State v. Johnson, 88 Ohio St.3d 95, 723 N.E.2d 1054

(2000).

       {¶ 30} When a court of appeals reverses a judgment of a trial court on the

basis that the verdict is against the manifest weight of the evidence, the appellate

court sits as a “thirteenth juror” and disagrees with the fact finder's resolution of the

conflicting testimony. Wilson at id., quoting Thompkins at id. Reversal on manifest

weight grounds is reserved for the “exceptional case in which the evidence weighs

heavily against the conviction.” Thompkins at id.

       {¶ 31} Ultimately, the trial court had to decide whether to believe the

account of the incident given at trial by the state’s witnesses or by P.M.’s witnesses.

It was within the province of the trial court, as the trier of fact in this case, to resolve

the conflicts in the testimony.        In resolving this conflict, the court had the

opportunity to view the store’s surveillance video and assess witness credibility. In

view of its verdict, the court did not fully believe P.M.’s witnesses, but it also
acquitted him of Counts 2 and 3 and found him guilty of a lesser-included offense of

Count 1.

      {¶ 32} Upon reviewing the entire record, we find that the trial court’s

resolution of the competing testimony and evidence was not against the manifest

weight of the evidence. This not an exceptional case in which the evidence weighs

heavily against the conviction.

      {¶ 33} The first assignment of error is overruled.

      {¶ 34} Judgment affirmed.

      It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.

      The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

      It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the

common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.          The defendant’s

conviction having been affirmed, any bail pending is terminated. Case remanded to

the trial court for execution of sentence.




      A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27

of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.



LARRY A. JONES, SR., JUDGE

MARY J. BOYLE, P.J., and
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, J., CONCUR
