[Cite as Warren Hous. v. Northeast Cable, 2017-Ohio-5513.]


                                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                               ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                   TRUMBULL COUNTY, OHIO


WARREN HOUSING DEVELOPMENT                             :     OPINION
CORPORATION, et al.,
                                                       :
                 Plaintiffs-Appellees,                       CASE NO. 2016-T-0059
                                                       :
        - vs -
                                                       :
NORTHEAST CABLE TELEVISION,
                                                       :
                 Defendant-Appellant.
                                                       :


Civil Appeal from the Trumbull County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2015 CV
00555.

Judgment: Affirmed.


Daniel P. Thomas, DelBene, LaPolla & Thomas, 155 Pine Avenue, N.E., P.O. Box 353,
Warren, OH 44482 (For Plaintiff-Appellee, Warren Housing Development Corporation).

Patricia Dougan, Community Legal Aid Services, First National Bank Tower, 11 Central
Square, 7th Floor, Youngstown, OH 44503, and Gary A. Benjamin, Community Legal
Aid Services, 50 South Main Street, Suite 800, Akron, OH 44308 (For Plaintiffs-
Appellees, George Kearney and Jonathan Cambridge).

Marshall D. Buck, Comstock, Springer & Wilson, 100 Federal Plaza East, #926,
Youngstown, OH 44503 (For Defendant-Appellant).


DIANE V. GRENDELL, J.

        {¶1}     Defendant-appellant, Northeast Cable Television, appeals the Judgment

of the Trumbull County Court of Common Pleas, rendering judgment in favor of plaintiff-

appellee, Warren Housing Development Corporation, and intervening-plaintiffs-
appellees, George Kearney and Jonathan Cambridge, on their Complaints for

declaratory judgment. The issue before this court is whether summary judgment is

properly entered where a genuine issue of material fact exists as to a collateral issue

independent of the trial court’s basis for rendering judgment. For the following reasons,

we affirm the decision of the court below.

        {¶2}    On March 20, 2015, the Warren Housing Development Corporation filed a

Complaint for Declaratory Judgment against Northeast Cable Television in the Trumbull

County Court of Common Pleas. It was alleged that, on January 29, 1991, Warren

Housing and Northeast Cable “entered into a service agreement for cable television

services to the subscribers of [Warren Housing’s] tenants.”

        {¶3}    Paragraph seven of the service agreement “provides for exclusive

services by [Northeast Cable] as the sole provider of any CATV or pay television system

operating on [Warren Housing’s] property.”1

        {¶4}    It was further alleged, “since the execution of this agreement, which is

over 24 years ago, that the circumstances have changed and that this provision should

no longer be enforceable.” Warren Housing sought a declaration that “Paragraph 7 of

the agreement between the parties be found to be of no legal effect.”

        {¶5}    On May 26, 2015, Northeast Cable filed its Answer to Complaint.

        {¶6}    On July 21, 2015, George Kearney and Jonathan Cambridge filed a

Motion for Leave to Intervene as plaintiffs. Kearney and Cambridge are tenants of The

1. The agreement states: “7. Provisions For Exclusive Services. The Owners [Warren Housing] agree
that the company [Northeast Cable] shall be the sole provider of any CATV or pay television systems
operating on the property described herein. Owners further agree there will be no erection by property
owners of any satellite receiving equipment or similar apparatus or over the air transmissions which would
by-pass the service for which the Company intends its CATV to provide. The Owners further agree not to
allow any inspection of the Company property without the presence of a representative of the Company
and further agree not to allow any other outside television distribution for profit service to be available
without the expressed prior written consent from the Company.”


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Elms, a property owned by Warren Housing, and have had satellite dishes installed on

their leasehold properties. Both Kearney and Cambridge have received notices from

the property manager of The Elms advising them that satellite dishes are not permitted.

       {¶7}    Kearney and Cambridge alleged that the agreement between Warren

Housing and Northeast Cable violated the Federal Communications Act (Count One)

and constituted a contract in restraint of trade (Count Two).

       {¶8}    On August 12, 2015, the trial court granted Kearney and Cambridge leave

to intervene as plaintiffs.

       {¶9}    On January 27, 2016, Kearney and Cambridge filed a Motion for Summary

Disposition. Among the arguments raised by Kearney and Cambridge, it was argued

that Warren Housing and Northeast Cable “are prohibited from entering into a contract

the purpose of which is to obtain cable services from one provider to the exclusion of all

others by 47 CFR 76.2000.”

       {¶10} On February 11, 2016, Northeast Cable filed a Motion for Summary

Judgment.

       {¶11} On May 19, 2016, the trial court issued a Judgment Entry, rendering

judgment in favor of Warren Housing and Kearney and Cambridge. The court ruled that

“[i]t is clear from the language of 47 C.F.R. 76.2000 that exclusivity clauses are not

enforceable and, in fact, are null and void,” and that “Paragraph 7, the exclusivity

clause, of the service agreement between [Warren Housing] and Northeast Cable is

hereby declared to be null and void.”

       {¶12} On June 17, 2016, Northeast Cable filed its Notice of Appeal. On appeal,

Northeast Cable raises the following assignment of error:




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       {¶13} “[1.] The trial court erred when it overruled Northeast Cable’s motion for

summary judgment and ruled in favor of WHDC, Kearney, and Cambridge on their

declaratory judgment actions because only Northeast Cable was entitled to judgment as

a matter of law.”

       {¶14} Pursuant to Civil Rule 56(C), summary judgment is proper when (1) the

evidence shows “that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact” to be litigated,

(2) “the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law,” and (3) “it appears from

the evidence * * * that reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion and that

conclusion is adverse to the party against whom the motion for summary judgment is

made, that party being entitled to have the evidence * * * construed most strongly in the

party’s favor.”

       {¶15} A trial court’s decision to grant summary judgment is reviewed by an

appellate court under a de novo standard of review. Grafton v. Ohio Edison Co., 77

Ohio St.3d 102, 105, 671 N.E.2d 241 (1996). “Under this standard, the reviewing court

conducts an independent review of the evidence before the trial court and renders a

decision de novo, i.e., as a matter of law and without deference to the conclusions of

the lower court.” (Citation omitted.) Crawford v. Notar, 11th Dist. Trumbull No. 2015-T-

0133, 2016-Ohio-3010, ¶ 20.

       {¶16} Northeast Cable maintains that “the trial court erred in relying on 47 C.F.R.

1.4000 to invalidate paragraph 7 of the Service Agreement because the rule does not

apply under the facts of this case.” Appellant’s brief at 6. The Over-the-Air Reception

Devices Rule provides, in relevant part:




                                            4
              (a)(1) Any restriction, including but not limited to * * * [a] contract

              provision, * * * on property within the exclusive use or control of the

              antenna user where the user has a direct or indirect ownership or

              leasehold interest in the property that impairs the installation,

              maintenance, or use of [the antenna] * * * is prohibited to the extent

              it so impairs, subject to paragraph (b) of this section.

              ***

              (b)(1) Any restriction otherwise prohibited by paragraph (a) of this

              section is permitted if:

              (1) It is necessary to accomplish a clearly defined, legitimate safety

              objective that is either stated in the text, preamble, or legislative

              history of the restriction or described as applying to that restriction

              in a document that is readily available to antenna users, and would

              be applied to the extent practicable in a non-discriminatory manner

              to other appurtenances, devices, or fixtures that are comparable in

              size and weight and pose a similar or greater safety risk as these

              antennas and to which local regulation would normally apply * * *.

47 C.F.R. 1.4000.

       {¶17} According to Northeast Cable, this Rule does not apply to the satellite

dishes installed by Kearney and Cambridge because “(1) the devices are not installed

‘on property within the exclusive use or control of the antenna user’ and (2) the devices

violate a legitimate safety objective.” Appellant’s brief at 4.




                                              5
       {¶18} Northeast Cable’s argument is inapposite as the trial court did not invoke

47 C.F.R. 1.4000 to justify its declaration that paragraph seven of the service

agreement is null and void. With respect to the Over-the-Air Reception Devices Rule,

the court ruled that “[w]hether there are legitimate safety concerns which would prohibit

such installations as [those made by Kearney and Cambridge] is not an issue that is

presently before this Court.”

       {¶19} The trial court’s judgment was unambiguously based upon another

regulation prohibiting the execution and enforcement of exclusivity clauses in contracts

for cable services, which provides:

              No cable operator or other provider of MVPD [multichannel video

              programming distributor] service subject to 47 U.S.C. 548 shall

              enforce or execute any provision in a contract that grants to it the

              exclusive right to provide any video programming service (alone or

              in combination with other services) to a MDU [multiple dwelling unit

              building]. All such exclusivity clauses are null and void.

47 C.F.R. 76.2000(a).

       {¶20} At oral argument, counsel for appellant raised the argument, for the first

time in the course of these proceedings and contrary to the statement on page 1 of its

appellate brief that “Northeast Cable is a private cable operator,” that Northeast Cable is

not a cable operator as defined in 47 U.S.C.A. 522(5) (“the term ‘cable operator’ means

any person or group of persons (A) who provides cable service over a cable system and

directly or through one or more affiliates owns a significant interest in such cable

system, or (B) who otherwise controls or is responsible for, through any arrangement,




                                             6
the management and operation of such a cable system”). “An issue raised during oral

argument for the first time and not assigned as error in an appellate brief is waived.”

Andreyko v. Cincinnati, 153 Ohio App.3d 108, 2003-Ohio-2759, 791 N.E.2d 1025, ¶ 20

(1st Dist.); State v. Hamilton, 11th Dist. Ashtabula No. 2001-A-0038, 2002-Ohio-6915, ¶

17 (“an appellate court may disregard assignments of error that are not separately

argued in the briefs”). Accordingly, we decline to consider the argument that Northeast

Cable does not meet the definition of a cable operator under the Federal

Communications Act.

      {¶21} The sole assignment of error is without merit.

      {¶22} For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Trumbull County Court of

Common Pleas, granting summary judgment against Northeast Cable, is affirmed.

Costs to be taxed against the appellant.



THOMAS R. WRIGHT, J.,

COLLEEN MARY O’TOOLE, J.,

concur.




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