                                                                          F I L E D
                                                                   United States Court of Appeals
                                                                           Tenth Circuit
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                           SEP 27 2004
                            FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                      PATRICK FISHER
                                                                               Clerk

    NICKY HEARD,

                Plaintiff-Appellant,

    v.                                                   No. 04-7010
                                                   (D.C. No. 03-CV-179-W)
    JO ANNE B. BARNHART,                                 (E.D. Okla.)
    Commissioner, Social Security
    Administration,

                Defendant-Appellee.


                            ORDER AND JUDGMENT            *




Before KELLY , HARTZ , and TYMKOVICH , Circuit Judges.



         After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral

argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore

ordered submitted without oral argument.




*
      This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
      Plaintiff-appellant Nicky Heard appeals from an order of the district court

affirming the Commissioner’s decision to deny his application for Social Security

disability and Supplemental Security Income benefits (SSI). He had past relevant

experience as a monument engraver, truck driver, and sexton. At the time of his

application, when he was 36,   1
                                   he alleged that he was disabled for insurance

purposes due to chronic fatigue syndrome, sleep apnea, high blood pressure, gout,

a thyroid problem, obesity, being mentally sluggish, and anxiety. Heard was six

feet tall, and weighed over 400 pounds. He had been warned about the dangers of

morbid obesity.

      On appeal Heard challenges the decision of the Commissioner on two

narrow grounds. First, Heard contends that the Commissioner lacked substantial

evidence to find that Heard possessed transferrable skills from his previous

employment as a truck driver. Second, Heard contends that the Commissioner’s

finding that Heard was able to perform “only negligible stooping” should preclude




1
       The ALJ listed Plaintiff’s age as 36 in his decision, but Heard states
without further discussion that he was 46 at the time. Aplt. Br. at 4; Aplt. App.,
Tab 4 at 233. Heard nowhere suggests that this is ground for reversal, so we will
not pursue the matter. Cf. Gross v. Burggraf Constr. Co. , 53 F.3d 1531, 1546
(10th Cir. 1995) (courts are not to create or to develop arguments for litigants that
litigants do not develop themselves).

                                            -2-
her conclusion that he could perform sedentary work.    2
                                                            We have jurisdiction over

this appeal under 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) and 42 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.



Background

      In a decision dated October 25, 2002, the administrative law judge (ALJ)

determined that Heard was not disabled because he could perform unskilled and

semi-skilled sedentary work. The Commissioner is required to follow a five-step

sequential evaluation process to determine whether a claimant is disabled.

Williams v. Bowen , 844 F.2d 748, 750-52 (10th Cir. 1988). The claimant bears

the burden of establishing a prima facie case of disability at steps one through

four. See id. at 751 & n.2. If the claimant successfully meets this burden, the

burden of proof shifts to the Commissioner at step five to show that the claimant

retains sufficient residual functional capacity (RFC) to perform work in the

national economy, given his age, education, and work experience.       See id.




2
       In addition, Heard makes a glancing suggestion that the vocational expert
may not have used the ALJ’s hypothetical in describing the jobs that Heard could
perform. But we decline to address this allegation because Heard’s suggestion is
unsupported by citation to either fact or law.  See generally United States v.
Rodriguez-Aguirre , 108 F.3d 1228, 1237 n.8 (10th Cir. 1997) (appellants have the
burden of tying the relevant facts to their legal contentions and must provide
specific references to the record to carry the burden of proving error).

                                          -3-
       At step one the ALJ found that, individually or in combination, Heard’s

alleged impairments were severe. But at step two the ALJ found that Heard’s

impairments were not severe enough to meet or to equal any of the listed

impairments in the Social Security Regulations that would require a finding that

he was automatically disabled.

       At step three the ALJ determined that Heard retained the RFC to perform a

significant range of sedentary work. According to the ALJ, Heard could “lift

and/or carry no more than ten pounds occasionally; [he could] stand and/or walk

one hour during an eight-hour work day; and [he could] sit up to eight hours in an

eight-hour workday, with a sit stand option every hour.” Aplt. App., Tab 3 at 20.

He could perform “only negligible stooping, kneeling and crouching; he [was]

unable to climb ladders and stairs; and he should avoid environments with

exposure to unprotected heights or dangerous machinery or extended exposure to

pollutants, dust or fumes.”    Id. At step four the ALJ held that Heard could not

return to his past relevant work as a monument engraver, truck driver, or sexton.

At step five, though, the ALJ relied on the testimony of a vocational expert (VE)

to conclude that Heard was not disabled because he could perform unskilled and

semi-skilled sedentary work.    3
                                    According to the VE, Heard could transfer skills to


3
      The list of these jobs included: maintenance scheduler (sedentary,
semi-skilled) (3,500 to 4,000 jobs in Oklahoma and Texas; 110,000 jobs in the
                                                                    (continued...)

                                             -4-
sedentary work from his past relevant experience as a truck driver, including

“basic understanding and reading and interpreting of Federal regulations on

commercial large trucks” and knowledge of truck maintenance and daily logs.      Id.

at 227.

       On February 19, 2003, the Appeals Council denied Heard’s request for

review, and the ALJ’s decision became the final decision of the Commissioner.



Standard of Review

       We review the Commissioner’s decision to determine whether the factual

findings are supported by substantial evidence in the record and whether the

correct legal standards were applied.   Andrade v. Sec’y of Health & Human

Servs. , 985 F.2d 1045, 1047 (10th Cir. 1993). Substantial evidence is “such

relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a

conclusion.” Fowler v. Bowen , 876 F.2d 1451, 1453 (10th Cir. 1989) (quotations

omitted). We consider whether the ALJ followed the “specific rules of law that

must be followed in weighing particular types of evidence,”   Reyes v. Bowen ,



3
 (...continued)
national economy); taxicab dispatcher (sedentary, semi-skilled) (12,000 jobs in
Oklahoma and Texas; 75,000 jobs in the national economy); food/beverage order
clerk (sedentary, unskilled) (5,000 jobs in Oklahoma and Texas; 249,000 jobs in
the national economy); and surveillance system monitor (sedentary, unskilled)
(2,500 jobs in Oklahoma and Texas; 100,000 jobs in the national economy).

                                          -5-
845 F.2d 242, 244 (10th Cir. 1988), but we will not reweigh the evidence or

substitute our judgment for the Commissioner’s,    see Qualls v. Apfel , 206 F.3d

1368, 1371 (10th Cir. 2000).



Discussion

      Heard challenges the ALJ’s decision at step five. He contends that the ALJ

had neither substantial evidence to support the finding that Heard had

transferrable skills from his previous employment as a truck driver, nor that the

ALJ could reasonably conclude from the RFC of “only negligible stooping” that

Heard could perform sedentary labor. We have reviewed the Commissioner’s

decision, and we affirm the judgment of the district court upholding that decision.

      The ALJ was entitled to rely on the testimony of the VE as substantial

evidence to find that Heard had transferrable skills from his previous experience

as a truck driver. As we have written, “a vocational expert may be called for the

limited purpose of determining whether the claimant’s skills acquired during past

work would transfer to a category containing the exertional level the

administrative law judge has concluded the claimant could perform.”      Hargis v.

Sullivan , 945 F.2d 1482, 1492 (10th Cir. 1991). Contrary to Heard’s assertions in

his brief, the VE adequately described the skills and the jobs to which they could

be transferred.


                                          -6-
       There was also substantial evidence for the ALJ to conclude with the aid of

the VE’s testimony that Heard’s RFC would permit him to perform sedentary

labor. According to the ALJ, Heard was limited to “only negligible stooping.”

Aplt. App., Tab 3 at 20. Heard argues that “only negligible stooping” is the same

as no stooping at all, and he cites Social Security Ruling 96-9p for the proposition

that if he cannot stoop, he cannot perform sedentary labor. Heard makes no

additional argument against the value of the VE’s testimony on this point.

       We find two problems with Heard’s argument here. First, “only negligible

stooping” is not the same thing as no stooping at all. “Negligible” permits room

for some stooping. Second, Social Security Ruling 96-9p would not require the

ALJ to find Heard to be disabled even if he could not stoop. Although the

“complete inability to stoop would significantly erode the unskilled sedentary

occupational base,” S.S.R. 96-9p at *8, the ALJ found that Heard could perform

both unskilled and semi-skilled sedentary labor. Furthermore, the Ruling

specifies that “a finding that an individual has the ability to do less than a full

range of sedentary work does not necessarily equate with a decision of

‘disabled,’” id. at *1, 8, and it urges consultation with a vocational expert for

consideration of a claimant’s particular limitations.   Id. at *8. The VE’s

supplementary testimony that Heard could perform unskilled and semi-skilled




                                             -7-
sedentary labor despite his limitations thus constitutes substantial evidence upon

which the ALJ could rely for his decision.

       For the reasons stated above, we conclude that the Commissioner’s decision

was supported by substantial evidence, and we AFFIRM the judgment of the

district court.


                                                    Entered for the Court



                                                    Harris L Hartz
                                                    Circuit Judge




                                         -8-
