               NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION

                                   File Name: 16a0231n.06

                                       Case No. 15-6055                              FILED
                                                                                Apr 28, 2016
                         UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                    DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk
                              FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

ERIC C. DETERS,
                                                 )
       Plaintiff-Appellant,
                                                 )
                                                 )
               v.
                                                 ) ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED
                                                 ) STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
KENTUCKY BAR ASSOCIATION,
                                                 ) EASTERN DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY
LINDA GOSNELL, JAY GARRETT,
                                                 )
SARAH COKER, THOMAS GLOVER,
                                                 )
and STEVE PULLIAM,
                                                 )
                                                 )
       Defendants-Appellees.


       BEFORE: KETHLEDGE and WHITE, Circuit Judges; COHN, District Judge.*

       COHN, District Judge. This is a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 attorney suspension case.

Plaintiff/Appellant Eric C. Deters (“Deters”) appeals from the district court’s grant of

Defendants/Appellees’ the Kentucky Bar Association (“KBA”)1, Linda Gosnell, Jay Garrett,

Sarah Coker, Thomas Glover, and Steve Pulliam (collectively “Appellees”) motion to dismiss

and denial of Deters’ motion for preliminary injunction.

       Deters is an attorney who was previously licensed in Kentucky, Ohio, and Florida. Since

2012, Deters has been suspended from the practice of law on multiple occasions for violations of


       *
        The Honorable Avern Cohn, Senior United States District Judge for the Eastern District
of Michigan, sitting by designation.
       1
          The Kentucky Bar Association (KBA) and its Office of Bar Counsel are responsible for
the first two steps of a three-step disciplinary process for Kentucky lawyers. SCR 3.025. The
Board of Governors of the KBA, as an arm of the Supreme Court, also acts to enforce the Rules
of the Court, including the Kentucky Rules of Professional Conduct. SCR 3.070.
Case No. 15-6055, Deters v. Kentucky Bar Association, et al.


the Kentucky Rules of Professional Conduct, including several instances of dishonesty. As will

be discussed below, Deters has unsuccessfully challenged the disciplinary process multiple times

in both state and federal court.

       Deters presents two issues in the current appeal. First, whether the district court erred by

granting Appellees’ motion to dismiss on his claim for declaratory judgment that he was denied

due process by SCR 3.510(2), which prescribes the procedure by which an attorney suspended

for professional misconduct may be reinstated. Second, whether the district court erred by

granting Appellees’ motion to dismiss on Deters’ claim for a declaratory judgment that SCR

3.160(4), which provides Bar Counsel absolute immunity from damages caused by a disciplinary

investigation, is unconstitutional. We hold that there was no error. Therefore, we AFFIRM.

                                         I. BACKGROUND

       Because Deters has been the subject of several disciplinary actions by the KBA and he

himself has brought multiple actions against the KBA challenging the constitutionality of the

disciplinary process, a detailed procedural history is in order.

                             A. KBA Disciplinary Actions against Deters

                                                   1.

       In February 2012, the Kentucky Supreme Court suspended Deters for 61 days and

ordered him to complete remedial ethics training. Ky. Bar Ass’n v. Deters, 360 S.W.3d 224, 226

(Ky. 2012)(“Deters 2012”). The suspension was based on a finding that Deters was guilty of

four charges of misconduct occurring primarily in 2007 and 2008.2 Id. at 227-30. In assessing

the punishment to be imposed, the Supreme Court noted Deters “had received prior discipline,”

was “guilty of violating four ethics rules stemming from three KBA files,” and “not only refused

       2
         The Kentucky Supreme Court agreed with the KBA’s finding that Deters violated SCR
3.130-8.2(a), SCR 3.130-3.3(a), SCR 3.130-7.09(2), and SCR 3.130-1.16(d).
                                              2
Case No. 15-6055, Deters v. Kentucky Bar Association, et al.


to acknowledge the wrongful nature of his conduct, but also refused to acknowledge that he

committed the conduct” despite a transcript evidencing the statements. Id. at 233, 233 n.26

(emphasis in original). As a result of the Kentucky suspension, Deters was also suspended from

practicing law in Ohio and Florida.

       On March 5, 2012, Bar Counsel objected to Deters’ automatic reinstatement pursuant to

SCR 3.510(2). As a result, Deters had to apply for reinstatement and attend a hearing before the

Character and Fitness Committee. Deters v. Ky. Bar Ass’n, 408 S.W.3d 71 (Ky. 2012). Although

the Kentucky Supreme Court ultimately reinstated Deters, due to Bar Counsel’s objection, he

served 52 more days than the initial 61-day suspension.

                                                  2.

       The following year, the Kentucky Supreme Court resolved two KBA disciplinary files

against Deters, finding that he violated three Kentucky Rules of Professional Conduct, including

two violations of the same rule.3 Ky. Bar Ass’n v. Deters, 406 S.W.3d 812, 820-21 (Ky. 2013),

cert. denied, 134 S. Ct. 965 (2014)(“Deters 2013”). The Supreme Court again suspended Deters

from the practice of law in Kentucky for 60 days for his conduct in one disciplinary file and

30 days for his conduct in the other, with the suspensions to be served concurrently. Id. at 822. In

its order, the Supreme Court determined that Deters was not entitled to credit for the 52-day

additional suspension resulting from Deters 2012 because his suspension was extended pursuant

to the Supreme Court Rules and he had been accorded due process in both the 2012 and 2013

suspension proceedings. Id.

       Just as had happened with his first suspension, Bar Counsel objected to Deters’ automatic

reinstatement. Bar Counsel argued that Deters did not possess sufficient professional capabilities
       3
         The Kentucky Supreme Court determined that in KBA File No. 16037 Deters violated
SCR 3.130-3.1, SCR 3.130-3.3(a), and SCR 3.130-3.4(c). Next, The Supreme Court determined
that in KBA File No. 19366 Deters again violated SCR 3.130-3.3(a).
                                               3
Case No. 15-6055, Deters v. Kentucky Bar Association, et al.


and qualifications to properly serve the public as a practitioner as he had failed to comply with

CLE requirements and also had multiple disciplinary matters pending before the KBA Office of

Bar Counsel. The Bar Counsel later amended its objection to delete the former basis after Deters

complied with the CLE requirements. Deters requested that Bar Counsel withdraw the objection;

Bar Counsel refused. Bar Counsel’s objection to his automatic reinstatement triggered 60 days of

reciprocal discipline in Ohio. To be reinstated in Ohio, he had to first be reinstated in Kentucky.

In compliance with the process laid out in SCR 3.510(2), Deters again applied for reinstatement.

       A pretrial conference before the Character and Fitness Committee in connection with his

application for reinstatement was scheduled for April 8, 2014. However, on April 7, 2014, Deters

withdrew his reinstatement application and delivered a notice stating he wished to retire his

suspended license. On November 21, 2014, at a disciplinary proceeding before the Kentucky

Board of Governors (on two separate charges of misconduct), Deters learned that Bar Counsel

opposed his request to retire pursuant to SCR 3.480, prohibiting an attorney against whom a

disciplinary investigation or action is pending from withdrawing as a licensed attorney without

resolution of disciplinary matters.

                                                 3.

       In 2015, Deters was suspended for a third time by the Kentucky Supreme Court and

sentenced to two consecutive 30-day suspensions. Ky. Bar Ass’n v. Deters, 465 S.W.3d 30 (Ky.

2015)(“Deters 2015”). The suspensions were as a result of Deters’ violation of two Kentucky

Rules of Professional Conduct in two separate civil actions.4 Id. at 31-32. Deters filed a motion

       4
          The Kentucky Supreme Court determined that in both KBA File No. 19343 and KBA
File No. 19711 Deters violated SCR 3.130-3.1 and SCR 3.130-3.4(c). Deters was also separately
sanctioned by each of the trial courts involved. The state circuit court found that Deters violated
Rule 11 and ordered that he pay $29,381.41 in attorneys’ fees. Deters 2015 at 31. The federal
district court found that Deters violated 28 U.S.C. § 1927 and ordered that he pay $12,765.45.
Scott v. Sanders, 2011 WL 1366365, at *5 (E.D. Ky. April 11, 2011).
                                                 4
Case No. 15-6055, Deters v. Kentucky Bar Association, et al.


to reconsider, challenging the fairness of SCR 3.510(2). (RE 21-1). The motion for

reconsideration was denied.

                  B. Deters’ Constitutional Challenges to the KBA Disciplinary Process

       Deters has filed four section 1983 actions in federal court since 2011, including this

action, challenging his disciplinary proceedings or the rules governing attorney discipline and

reinstatement. He has also filed three actions in state court attacking the constitutionality of the

disciplinary process and its application to him. Each action was either voluntarily dismissed by

Deters, dismissed for lack of merit, or dismissed as moot.

       In Deters’ actions against the KBA, including the present appeal, Deters has specifically

contested the constitutionality of SCR 3.510(2) and SCR 3.160(4). SCR 3.510(2) provides in

pertinent part:

       If the period of suspension has prevailed for 180 days or less, the suspension shall
       expire by its own terms upon the filing with the Clerk, Bar Counsel, and the
       Registrar of an affidavit of compliance with the terms of the
       suspension…provided, however, that such suspension shall not expire by its own
       terms if, not later than 10 days preceding the time the suspension would expire,
       Bar Counsel files with the Registrar an opposition to the termination of
       suspension wherein Bar Counsel details such information as may exist to indicate
       that the member does not, at that time, possess sufficient professional capabilities
       and qualifications properly to serve the public as an active practitioner or is not of
       good moral character… If such an objection has been filed by Bar Counsel, and is
       not withdrawn within 30 days, the Character and Fitness Committee shall conduct
       proceedings under SCR 2.300.

SCR 3.160(4) provides:

       Neither the Association, the Board, the Director, the Inquiry Commission, the
       Trial Commission, the Office of Bar Counsel, nor their officers, employees,
       agents, delegates or members shall be liable, to any person or entity initiating a
       complaint or investigation, or to any member of the bar or any other person or
       entity being charged or investigated by, or at the direction of, the Inquiry
       Commission, for any damages incident to such investigation or any complaint,
       charge, prosecution, proceeding or trial.



                                                 5
Case No. 15-6055, Deters v. Kentucky Bar Association, et al.


A brief summary of Deters’ past actions challenging the constitutionality of the above rules and

Kentucky’s attorney-discipline process follows.

                                     1. Prior Federal Court Cases

       Deters’ first federal case challenging the constitutionality of the KBA’s disciplinary

process was filed in January 2011. Deters v. Davis, 2011 WL 127166 (E.D. Ky. Jan. 14,

2011)(“Deters I”). Deters filed the section 1983 lawsuit naming as defendants the KBA, the

Chief Justice of Kentucky, and others seeking an injunction against the bar disciplinary process

that culminated in the 61-day suspension in Deters 2012. The district court denied Deters’

motion for injunctive relief, holding “Deters’ motion is wholly lacking in merit and, in many

instances, completely contradictory to the entirety of case law.” Deters I, 2011 WL 127166, at

*12. The district court subsequently noted that Deters’ complaint contained “at least three

statements that [were] so plainly wrong that each would individually constitute a violation of

Rule 11.” See Deters v. Davis, 2011 WL 2417055, at *8 (E.D. Ky. June 13, 2011). Thereafter,

Deters voluntarily dismissed the case but was ultimately sanctioned under Fed. R. Civ. P. 11. Id.

Deters did not appeal.

       Deters filed a second lawsuit in May 2011 challenging the disciplinary proceedings that

resulted in the Kentucky Supreme Court’s decision in Deters 2012. Deters v. Ky. Bar Ass’n,

2011 WL 5837172 (E.D. Ky. Nov. 21, 2011)(“Deters II”). The complaint contained substantially

similar fact allegations as in Deters I, but sought different relief. Specifically, as he does in this

case, Deters sought a declaratory judgment that SCR 3.160(4), which provides immunity to Bar

Counsel and others in connection with disciplinary matters, is unconstitutional. Id. at *2. The




                                                  6
Case No. 15-6055, Deters v. Kentucky Bar Association, et al.


district court dismissed the complaint on the basis of Younger/Middlesex abstention,5 and noted

in the alternative that Deters failed to state a claim upon which relief may be granted:

        The Court notes in closing that even if Deters’ Complaint could somehow survive
        the defendants’ threshold challenges, it nevertheless fails to state a claim upon
        which relief can be granted…[I]n Count I, Deters does not identify any
        constitutional right allegedly violated by the rule granting bar counsel immunity;
        instead the claim rests on an alleged violation of the Kentucky
        Constitution…Deters has no remedy under § 1983 because the first inquiry in
        every section 1983 case is whether there has been the deprivation of a right
        secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States.

Id. at *6 (citations omitted).

        Deters appealed. A panel of this court affirmed. Deters v. Ky. Bar Ass’n, 2012 U.S. App.

LEXIS 27307 (6th. Cir. Dec. 10, 2012). On appeal, the Court affirmed the district court’s

dismissal based on Younger abstention, and in doing so observed that Deters’ argument

“confirm[ed] the district court’s alternate finding that his claim is not cognizable under § 1983

because it is not based on the deprivation of a federal right.” Id. at *6 (citing Williams v. Bass, 63

F.3d 483, 485 (6th Cir. 1995)).

        In March 2014, Deters filed a third federal challenge, contesting the constitutionality of

SCR 3.510(2). Deters v. Ky. Bar Ass’n, 1:14-cv-192 (S.D. Ohio)(“Deters III”). Deters asserted

that SCR 3.510 was unconstitutional and requested injunctive relief. While the KBA’s motion to

dismiss was pending, Deters voluntarily dismissed the complaint without prejudice.

                                         2. State Court Cases

        While his unsuccessful challenge to SCR 3.160(4) was pending in Deters II, Deters filed

his first state court action in Franklin Circuit Court challenging the constitutionality of SCR

        5
         “Younger abstention prevents federal courts from hearing civil rights tort claims brought
by a person who is currently being prosecuted for a matter arising from that claim in state court,
and the Supreme Court has found Younger applicable in the context of attorney discipline
proceedings.” Deters II, 2011 WL 5837172, at *5. (citation and internal quotation marks
omitted).
                                               7
Case No. 15-6055, Deters v. Kentucky Bar Association, et al.


3.510(2). (Complaint, RE 1 at ¶ 182). Deters voluntarily dismissed the complaint after the KBA

filed a motion to dismiss. Id.

       On the same day that Deters dismissed his complaint in Franklin Circuit Court, he filed a

“Verified Petition and Request for Injunctive Relief” with the Kentucky Supreme Court,

challenging the constitutionality of SCR 3.510(2). (Complaint, RE 1 at ¶ 19). On May 23, 2012,

the Character and Fitness Committee voted 3-0 to recommend that Deters be reinstated after he

completed several delineated conditions. The Board of Governors voted 13-0 not to reinstate

Deters. On June 15, 2012, the Kentucky Supreme Court voted 7-0 to reinstate Deters. Deters v.

Kentucky Bar Ass’n, 408 S.W.3d 71 (Ky. 2012). In so doing, the Supreme Court denied Deters’

Verified Petition as moot. (Complaint, RE 1 at ¶ 182).

       Deters’ third state-court challenge related to SCR 3.510(2) was raised in connection with

his disciplinary proceedings in Deters 2013. Deters claimed that he was unfairly suspended for

an additional 52 days as a result of Bar Counsel’s objection to his automatic reinstatement in

connection with Deters 2012. As such, Deters contended that he should be credited with 52 days

against the 60-day suspension in the 2013 disciplinary proceedings. Deters 2013, 406 S.W.3d at

821.

       The Kentucky Supreme Court rejected Deters’ arguments, explaining that under its rules,

Deters’ reinstatement following his 2012 suspension was expressly conditioned on the absence

of an objection from Bar Counsel. Id. at 821. Also, the Kentucky Supreme Court determined that

Deters had been accorded due process in the 2012 suspension and reinstatement proceedings, as

well as the 2013 suspension proceedings. Id. at 822 (“Deters had received due process from these

proceedings”). Deters filed a petition for a writ of certiorari seeking United States Supreme




                                               8
Case No. 15-6055, Deters v. Kentucky Bar Association, et al.


Court review of Deters 2013; the Supreme Court denied the petition. See Deters v. Ky. Bar

Ass’n, 134 S. Ct. 965 (2014).

                                        C. Current Federal Case

       On January 5, 2015, Deters filed his fourth federal case. The complaint sought six forms

of relief including, among other things, a declaratory judgment finding both SCR 3.510(2) and

SCR 3.160(4) unconstitutional. Deters also sought a temporary restraining order and a

preliminary injunction in connection with his 2013 suspension from the practice of law, as well

as his voluntarily withdrawn application for reinstatement. Appellees moved to dismiss the

complaint.6 The district court denied Deters’ request for injunctive relief and granted Appellees’

motion. The district court held in pertinent part:

   (a) The claims for a declaratory judgment that SCR 3.510(2) and SCR 3.480(1) are

       unconstitutional fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted;

   (b) The claim that SCR 3.160(4) is unconstitutional fails to state a claim upon which relief

       may be granted.

This appeal followed.

                                  II.     STANDARD OF REVIEW

       The standard of appellate review for a motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) is de

novo. The court of appeals employs the same standard as the district court.

       On a motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6), “[t]he defendant has the burden of

showing that the plaintiff has failed to state a claim for relief.” DirecTV, Inc. v. Treesh, 487 F.3d

471, 476 (6th Cir. 2007)(citing Carver v. Bunch, 946 F.2d 451, 454-55 (6th Cir. 1991)). When

       6
         While waiting for the district court to issue an order on his motions, Deters repeatedly
contacted the court’s chambers seeking a decision. On May 11, 2015, Deters filed with this
Court a petition for writ of mandamus requiring the district court to act on his motion for
preliminary injunction. (RE 20). That petition was dismissed as moot. (RE 27).
                                                 9
Case No. 15-6055, Deters v. Kentucky Bar Association, et al.


reviewing a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, the court of appeals “construe[s] the complaint in the light

most favorable to the plaintiff, accept[s] its allegations as true, and draw[s] all reasonable

inferences in favor of the plaintiff.” Id. (citation omitted). Such a motion “should not be granted

unless it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim

which would entitle him to relief.” Id. (citation omitted). The court of appeals, however, “need

not accept as true legal conclusions or unwarranted factual inferences.” Id. (citation omitted).

Moreover, the facts that are pled must rise to the level of plausibility, not just possibility – “facts

that are merely consistent with a defendant’s liability…stop[ ] short of the line between

possibility and plausibility of ‘entitlement to relief.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678

(2009)(quoting Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 557 (2007)). “A claim has facial

plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable

inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Id. (citing Twombly, 550 U.S.

at 556).

                                            III. ANALYSIS

       Deters’ appeal alleges two errors by the district court.7 First, Deters says the district court

erred by granting Appellees’ motion to dismiss Deters’ claim for a declaratory judgment because

SCR 3.510(2) unconstitutionally deprived him of his due process rights. Second, Deters says the

district court erred by granting Appellees’ motion to dismiss Deters’ claim for a declaratory

judgment that SCR 3.610(4) is unconstitutional. We address each issue separately below.




       7
         Sixth Circuit precedent deems all issues not identified and argued by an appellant in his
opening brief as having been abandoned. United States v. Johnson, 440 F.3d 832, 845-46 (6th
Cir. 2006). As such, because Deters limited his opening brief to the issue of the constitutionality
of SCR 3.510(2) and SCR 3.610(4), Deters cannot argue that the district court erred in the
dismissal of any of his other claims.
                                               10
Case No. 15-6055, Deters v. Kentucky Bar Association, et al.


                                             A. SCR 3.510(2)

                                                      1.

        As noted above, SCR 3.510(2) conditions reinstatement of attorneys suspended for 180

days or less on the filing of affidavits and the absence of an objection by Bar Counsel to

reinstatement.

        Here, the district court properly dismissed Deters’ due process challenge to SCR

3.510(2). In its order, the district court stated:

        The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment provides that no state shall
        “deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.” U.S.
        Const. amend. XIV § I. “Procedural due process requires that a person be afforded
        notice and a right to be heard before the state deprives him of a property or liberty
        interest.” Jahn v. Farnsorth, No. 14-1916, 2015 WL 3938035, at *5 (6th Cir. June
        29, 2015)(citing Warren v. City of Athens, 411 F.3d 697, 708 (6th Cir. 2005)). “In
        reviewing an alleged violation of procedural due process, a court must first
        determine whether the party has identified a protected liberty or property interest,
        and then turn to whether the deprivation of that interest contravened notions of
        due process.” Id. (citations omitted).

        “Property interests…are not created by the Constitution. Rather they are created
        and their dimensions are defined by existing rules or understandings that stem
        from an independent source such as state law – rules or understandings that secure
        certain benefits and that support claims of entitlement to those benefits.” Bright
        Gallia Cnty., Ohio, 753 F.3d 639, 656 (6th Cir. 2014) cert. denied, 135 S. Ct.
        1561 (2015)(quoting Board of Regents of State Colls. V. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 577,
        92 S. Ct. 2701 (1972))…If Deters had a protected interest, then “the State could
        not deprive [him] of this property without due process.” Cleveland Bd. of Educ. v.
        Loudermill, 470 U.S. 532, 538 (1985).

(Opinion, RE 23, Pg. ID 1008-09). As such, a procedural due process challenge involves a two-

part analysis. First, the plaintiff has to show that he is being deprived of a cognizable property

interest. Second, the plaintiff has to demonstrate the process provided fails to satisfy the

requirements of the Due Process Clause.

        The district court dismissed Deters’ due process challenge to SCR 3.510(2) because of

his failure to “point the Court to any specific legal authority to support his contention that he has

                                                     11
Case No. 15-6055, Deters v. Kentucky Bar Association, et al.


a property interest in his license to practice law,” and relied on Kentucky authority recognizing

that a law license is a conditional privilege and not a right. (Opinion, RE 23, Pg. ID 1009-12).

Indeed, Kentucky law defines a law license as a conditional privilege – not an absolute right.

Commonwealth ex. rel. Ward v. Harrington, 98 S.W.2d 53, 57 (1936). Further, in Deters 2013,

the Kentucky Supreme Court confirmed the limited nature of Deters’ interest, if any, in his

license to practice law: “[I]t has long been the case that a license to practice law is not an

absolute right, but a privilege only.” Deters 2013, 406 S.W.3d at 822 (citation omitted).

       Deters’ license to practice law in Kentucky was, and continues to be, conditioned on his

adherence to the unambiguous standards of conduct prescribed by the Kentucky Supreme Court,

along with other requirements for maintaining his membership. Any interest is conditional.

Following his suspension, these conditions include adherence to the requirements set forth in

SCR 3.510(2). As such, Deters has no protected property interest in automatic reinstatement to

the bar following suspension.

       Deters raises for the first time on appeal that he had a mutually explicit understanding

with the KBA that once he had gone through the process of becoming an attorney, he was

entitled to the understanding that he had a valuable property interest in his law license. This

argument fails for several reasons. First, any argument not presented to the district court is

deemed forfeited when raised for the first time on appeal. Am. Copper & Brass, Inc. v. Lake City

Indus. Prods., 757 F.3d 540, 545 (6th Cir. 2014)(citing Foster v. Barilow, 6 F.3d 405, 407 (6th

Cir. 1993)(“In general, issues not presented to the district court but raised for the first time on

appeal are not properly before the court”)). Second, Deters has failed to establish that his

supposed understanding of an entitlement was shared by the KBA or to provide any basis for

such a belief.   Third, the language of SCR 3.510(2) is unambiguously conditional on the


                                                12
Case No. 15-6055, Deters v. Kentucky Bar Association, et al.


satisfaction of two conditions: (a) filing the necessary affidavits and (b) the absence of an

objection to reinstatement by Bar Counsel. As noted in Deters 2013, the rule “specifically

contemplate[s] that a lawyer’s suspension may extend beyond the time ordered by this Court

where Bar Counsel has reason to believe the lawyer is not currently qualified to practice law.”

Deters 2013, 406 S.W.3d at 822.

       Finally, although Deters complains about the delay in the reinstatement process following

his 2013 suspension, it was Deters, not Appellees, the Character and Fitness Committee, or the

Kentucky Supreme Court, who ended his attempt at reinstatement by withdrawing his

application.

       Accordingly, because SCR 3.510(2) has not deprived Deters of any protected property

interest in violation of due process, we find no error in the district court’s holding that Deters’

claim seeking a declaratory judgment that SCR 3.510(2) is unconstitutional failed to state a claim

upon which relief may be granted.8

                                                 2.

       Even if Deters can establish that his law license generally is a property right protected by

due process, he was provided with due process in his suspension proceedings. With respect to his

initial suspensions, Deters himself admits that “[i]n 2012 and 2013, [he] went through a lengthy

due process proceeding in Kentucky.” (Complaint, RE 1 at ¶ 22). Further, SCR 3.510(2)

provided Deters with notice of Bar Counsel’s objection to his automatic reinstatement and an

opportunity to be heard by litigating the matter before the committee, the KBA Board of

       8
          Appellees also contend that Deters 2013 precludes Deters from challenging the
constitutionality of SCR 3.510(2). In Deters 2013, the district court noted that “Deters has
received due process from these proceedings.” Thus, Appellees say that raising the identical
argument here is barred by claim preclusion. The district court did not address whether claim
preclusion existed as an alternate basis for dismissal. Because we affirm the district court’s
decision on the merits of the claim, a discussion of claim preclusion on the issue is unnecessary.
                                                 13
Case No. 15-6055, Deters v. Kentucky Bar Association, et al.


Governors, and the Kentucky Supreme Court. See SCR 3.510(2); SCR 2.300; see also Deters

2013 at 818 (describing process). Further, as to the extension of his 2012 suspension, Deters fails

to cite authority that a 52-day delay denies due process. Moreover, Deters waived his claim that

SCR 3.510(2) deprived him of due process in his 2013 suspension by withdrawing his

reinstatement application. See Farhat v. Jopke, 370 F.3d 580, 596 (6th Cir. 2004)(“where the

employee refuses to participate or chooses not to participate in the post-termination proceedings,

then the employee has waived his procedural due process claim”). Accordingly, SCR 3.510(2)

provides due process and the district court did not err.

                                           B. SCR 3.160(4)

       As noted above, SCR 3.160(4) provides immunity to persons involved in the attorney

disciplinary process. Deters’ appeal contends that this rule is unconstitutional. The district court

dismissed the claim because it determined that Deters failed to identify any protected interest.

We agree.

       The district court properly determined that Deters failed to identify a constitutional

ground that the rule violates and provided no legal support for his contention that the rule is

unconstitutional. Having failed to make the arguments below, he cannot do so for the first time

on appeal. See Am. Copper., 757 F.3d at 545. Even if Deters can raise the argument for the first

time on appeal, he has failed to support his allegation that the rule deprives him of a

constitutional right to procedural due process with any meaningful authority.

       Accordingly, there was no error in granting Appellees’ motion to dismiss Deters’ claim

that SCR 3.160(4) is unconstitutional.9




       9
        Deters chose not to respond to Appellees’ arguments regarding the constitutionality of
SCR 3.160(4) in his reply brief.
                                            14
