               ARMED SERVICES BOARD OF CONTRACT APPEALS

Appe~of--                                     )
                                              )
BAE Systems San Francisco Ship Repair         )      ASBCA No. 58809
                                              )
Under Contract No. W912SU-04-D-0005           )

APPEARANCE FOR THE APPELLANT:                        Peter B. Jones, Esq.
                                                      Jones & Donovan
                                                      Newport Beach, CA

APPEARANCES FOR THE GOVERNMENT:                      Raymond M. Saunders, Esq.
                                                      Army Chief Trial Attorney
                                                     MAJ John R. Longley, JA
                                                     CPT Tyler L. Davidson, JA
                                                      Trial Attorneys

                 OPINION BY ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE TING
             ON APPELLANT'S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

       The Army (government) awarded BAE Systems San Francisco Ship Repair (BAE
or BAESFSR) a task order under a multiple-award, task order contract (MATOC) for the
programmed maintenance of a Logistics Support Vessel. The parties' disputes relate to
the proper equitable adjustment of two items under the task order: (1) the replacement of
24 tie-down features on the vessel's main deck known as "cloverleafs"; and (2) the
replacement of the vessel's potable and drain piping systems. BAE moves for summary
judgment on its cloverleaf claim contending that, as a matter of law, it is entitled to the
$285, 101 claimed because that amount was verified by a Defense Contract Audit Agency
(DCAA) report as having been incurred. 1 The Army opposes the motion. For reasons set
out below, we deny the motion.

       Background

       In 2004, the Mission and Installation Contracting Command at Fort Eustis,
Virginia, received a requirement to issue contracts for the maintenance and repair of three
classes of landing craft stationed at various ports in the Pacific Ocean (R4, tab 13 7 at 1).
The vessels included the Army's Logistics Support Vessels also known as "LSV" - class

1
    BAE's motion for summary judgment on the cloverleaf claim was received at the
      Board on 3 March 2014. Subsequently, BAE filed a second motion for summary
      judgment on the piping claim received at the Board on 3 April 2014. This
      decision addresses the first or the cloverleaf motion for summary judgment.
vessels. The effort was referred to as the "Programmed Drydocking, Cleaning, Painting,
Repairs and Modifications to US Army Active and Reserve Vessels Located on the West
Coast of the United States and Hawaii." The work would be executed as a task order
under a MA TOC. (Id.)

        BAE was one of five shipyards on the West Coast that competed for and received
the right to bid on task orders issued for the Army's West Coast watercraft. On 2 April
2004, MATOC Contract No. W912SU-04-D-0005 (Contract 0005) was awarded to BAE
in the estimated amount of$99,476,431.91. The contract was for a base year and four
one-year options. (R4, tab 137 at 2)

       Each task order under Contract 0005 would identify definite and indefinite work
items to be performed. The contract defined "Definite Item" to mean "[k]nown work that
shall be diligently prosecuted upon issuance of delivery order." The contract defined
"Indefinite Item" to mean "[w]ork to be accomplished only upon the written approval of
the Contracting Officer. Activation of an indefinite item does not entitle the Contractor
to an extension of the performance period." (R4, tab 1at24, ~~ C.0.1.7., C.0.1.12.)

       Contract 0005 also addresses situations where the government determines, during
the repair of a vessel, that additional replacement parts, materials and installation are
required:

             C.0.2.23.1. In addition to work specified in the specifications
             the Contractor shall furnish additional replacement parts,
             materials and installation which are determined to be required
             by the Government. The Contractor shall purchase additional
             replacements [sic] parts and materials required under this
             paragraph at the lowest known cost and shall be paid at cost.
             "At cost" is defined as the actual net cost of such parts and
             materials to the contractor including any and all discounts,
             rebates and allowances thereon (regardless of the date of
             purchase), material handling costs properly allocable to such
             parts or materials (if such costs are not reimbursable under
             any other provision of this contract), and properly identified
             and supported freight or transportation charges. The
             Contractor shall install and test such replacement parts and
             materials at no additional cost to the Government.

             C.0.2.23.2. If it is determined by the Government that
             additional replacements parts and materials require machining
             or fitting, the Contractor shall be paid under this paragraph at
             cost, as defined herein. The Contractor shall be compensated
             for installation of replacement parts or materials requiring


                                            2
              machining and fitting. Costs for replacement parts, materials
              and installation shall be allowed to the extent that they are
              reasonable, allocable and allowable in view of the principles
              of FAR Part 31.

(R4, tab 1 at 30)

       In addition, Contract 0005 included in full text the DFARS 252.217-7003,
CHANGES (DEC 1991 ); DF ARS 252.217-7004, JOB ORDERS AND COMPENSATION (DEC
1991); DFARS 252.243-7002, REQUESTS FOREQUITABLEADJUSTMENT(MAR 1998)
clauses (R4, tab 1at340-41, 352). The contract incorporated by reference the DFARS
252.243-7001, PRICING OF CONTRACT MODIFICATIONS (DEC 1991) clause providing:

                     When costs are a factor in any price adjustment under
              this contract, the contract cost principles and procedures in
              FAR Part 31 and DF ARS Part 231, in effect on the date of
              this contract, apply.

(R4, tab 1 at 329) The contract also included in full text the DF ARS 252.217-7028,
OYER AND ABOVE WORK (DEC 1991) clause, that provides in pertinent part:

              (a) Definitions.

              As used in this clause -

                     ( 1) Over and above work means work discovered
              during the course of performing overhaul, maintenance, and
              repair efforts that is --

                     (i) Within the general scope of the contract;

                     (ii) Not covered by the line item(s) for the basic work
              under the contract; and

                     (iii) Necessary in order to satisfactorily complete the
              contract.



                     (e) The Contractor shall promptly submit to the
              Contracting Officer, a proposal for the over and above work.
              The Government and Contractor will then negotiate a
              settlement for the over and above work. Contract


                                             3
             modifications will be executed to definitize all over and
             above work.

                    (f) Failure to agree on the price of over and above
             work shall be a dispute within the meaning of the Disputes
             clause of this contract.

(R4, tab 1 at350-51)

    Contract 0005 included a provision entitled "OFFEROR'S FULLY BURDENED
LABOR RA TE FOR THE SECOND OPTION PERIOD." This provision states:

                     a. Changes are inherent to vessel repair contracts and
             should be expected by the Contractors. Offerors shall include
             a fully burdened labor rate to be used in negotiating changes.
             The rate must include all costs for negotiating changes,
             including but not limited to, G&A, overhead, profit, cost of
             money, etc. The offeror shall insert rates below that it agrees
             to use in negotiating changes for new or additional work.
             These rates shall prevail throughout satisfactory completion
             of the base period.

(R4, tab 1 at 393) For Option Period Two, from 1 December 2006 through 30 November
2007 (R4, tab 1 at 2), relevant here, this provision set the contractor's fully burdened
labor rate at $73.50, G&A rate at 8.82%, and profit rate at 10% (R4, tab 1 at 393).

       On 27 December 2006, Delivery Order (or task order) 0002 was awarded to BAE
for an estimated amount of $4,889,413.73 for the programmed drydocking, cleaning,
painting and repairs to the U.S. Army Vessel LSV-5. The LSV is an ocean-going vessel
and is designed to carry supplies and equipment across the ocean or from other ships to
shore. The bow ramp can be lowered on a beach to allow for cargo to be off-loaded, and
the stem ramp allows cargo to be loaded and off-loaded onto a pier. The LSV-5 is based
at Bishop's Point, Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii. Every three years, Class 1 vessels
such as LSV-5, undergo drydocking and maintenance in order to keep all certifications
current. Army vessels, unlike Navy warships, are built and maintained to commercial
standards and use the American Bureau of Shipping as the certifying party. (R4, tab 137
at 2)




                                           4
        BAESFSR 's2 Motion for Summary Judgment

       Moving for summary judgment, BAESFSR relies upon the following undisputed
material facts derived from the parties' pleadings, materials in the Rule 4 file, and the
declaration of Rick Brandt, BAE's Finance Manager which are incorporated in the
Statement of Facts below.

          STA TEMENT OF FACTS (SOF) FOR PURPOSES OF THE MOTION

      1. BAESFSR operates a ship repair yard in San Francisco, California ( compl. and
answer if 1).

       2. Contract No. W912SU-04-D-0005 is an indefinite-quantity delivery-order
contract between BAESFSR and the Department of the Army, acting through the U.S.
Army Contracting Center, Fort Eustis, Virginia (the Army) (compl. and answer if 2).

      3. Fixed-price Delivery Order No. (D.O.) 0002 was issued by the Army on
27 December 2006 and called for various repairs and other work on the vessel LSV-5
(Contract No. W912SU-04-D-0005 and D.O. 0002 collectively the "LSV-5 contract")
(compl. and answer if 3).

      4. The LSV-5 contract provided a performance period of 120 calendar days and
provided liquidated damages of $4, 161.00 for each calendar day of delay; by bilateral
Modification No. 01 the contract required completion of all work by 27 July 2007
(compl. and answer if 4; R4, tabs 3, 6).

       5. BAESFSR began work on the vessel LSV-5 in March 2007; during prosecution
of the work, in June 2007, the Army contracting officer's representative (COR) at
BAESFSR's shipyard requested that BAESFSR provide a price to replace certain
tie-down fixtures located in the ship's decks, known as "cloverleafs" ( compl. and answer
ir 5).
       6. After locating a supplier for the cloverleaf deck inserts, on 22 June 2007
BAESFSR submitted a proposal for replacement of the cloverleafs for a total equitable
adjustment of $217,406.88 (compl. and answer if 6; R4, tab 49).

       7. The Army COR generated "Specification Worksheet" No. 47 dated 3 July 2007
for "Main Deck Cloverleaf Replacement" which called for the contractor to "furnish
materials, parts and equipment to crop out and replace 24 deteriorated cloverleafs on the
main deck as designated by the Ship Surveyor"; the Army's Specification Worksheet


2
    Appellant refers to itself as BAESFSR in its motion for summary judgment.

                                            5
offered a total price of $96, 157.01 for the cloverleaf replacements (comp I. and answer
~ 7).


      8. BAESFSR declined to agree to the price offered by the Army's Specification
Worksheet No. 47 and did not sign the Worksheet's Supplemental Agreement (compl.
and answer~ 8).

       9. By unilateral Contract Modification No. 06 dated 19 July 2007, the contracting
officer directed the contractor to perform Worksheet No. 47 "Main Deck Cloverleaf
Replacement" as one of several changes made pursuant to DFARS 252.217-7028 entitled
"Over And Above Work" (the "cloverleafs change order"). Unilateral Modification
No. 06 also extended the contract completion date to 23 August 2007. (Compl. and
answer~ 9; R4, tab 72)


       I 0. BAE SF SR performed the cloverleafs change order and its work was accepted
by the Army (compl. and answer~ 10).

       11. BAE SF SR maintains a job order accounting system to collect the actual labor
hours and costs of performing discrete contracts and discrete tasks within contracts,
including changes (decl. of Rick Brandt).

       12. BAE SF SR created a specific item number within its job order accounting
system to collect the labor hours incurred to perform the cloverleafs change order (decl.
of Rick Brandt).

        13. The item number created by BAESFSR to collect labor hours to perform the
cloverleafs change order was used by BAESFSR production labor supervisors to identify
on daily time sheets the hours expended by workers performing the change. The time
sheet information was put into BAESFSR's computerized accounting system which then
produced job labor distribution reports which listed and summarized all labor expended
in performing the cloverleafs change order. (Deel. of Rick Brandt)

       14. The item number created by BAESFSR for the cloverleafs change recorded a
grand total of 4102.5 labor hours in performing the cloverleafs change order, of which
1407.5 were overtime hours (decl. of Rick Brandt; R4, tab 112 at 4).

        15. After completion of the LSV-5 contract, by letter dated 3 June 2010,
BAESFSR submitted to the contracting officer several revised requests for equitable
adjustment (REAs) including REA No. 6, for the cloverleafs change. Revised REA No. 6
was based on BAESFSR's actual labor hours expended in performing the cloverleafs
change as reported in BAESFSR's Job Labor Status Report, together with BAESFSR's
actual costs of materials and subcontractor work required to perform the change order as
reported in BAESFSR's Material Status Report. (R4, tabs 111, 112 at 2-8)


                                             6
       16. The LSV-5 contract provided a "fully burdened labor rate to be used in
negotiating changes"; the fully burdened labor rate was "$73.50 per hour"; the contract
also provided rates of 8.82% G&A and 10% profit for markup of subcontract labor costs
and material costs for use in negotiating changes for new or additional work (compl. and
answer ii 16; R4, tab 3 at 10).

       17. BAESFSR calculated REA No. 6 by applying the "fully burdened labor rate"
of $73.50 to the labor hours recorded for the cloverleafs change order and by applying
50% of that rate to the recorded overtime hours (R4, tab 112 at 3, tab 129, DCAA Audit
Report at 4 n.3).

        18. BAESFSR converted its REA No. 6 into a certified claim by letter dated
11 July 2011 (the "cloverleafs claim"). The total amount of that claim was the total
amount requested by revised REA No. 6, increased by the amount of the cost of the
cloverleafs themselves, a revised total claim amount of $3 81,25 8, less the amount
allowed by unilateral Modification No. 06 for the cloverleafs change, $96, 157, a net
claim total amount of$285,101. (See decl. of Rick Brandt ii 5) The elements ofBAE's
certified claim are set out in the table below:

          Labor:
           4,102.5 regular hours(@, $73.50                    $301,534
           1,407.5 overtime hours (liJ $36.75                 $ 51,726
          Materials:
           24 Cloverleafs                                      $ 3,480
           Other Materials                                     $ 12,710
           Subcontractor Materials                             $ 7,200
          G&A at 8.82°/o                                       $ 2,063
          Profit on Materials & Subcontractors                 $ 2,545
           Total Equitable Adjustment Requested                $381,258
           Less Allowed by Unilateral Modification No. 6      ($ 96,157)
          Equitable Adjustment Claimed                         $285, 101

(R4, tab 121)

       19. BAESFSR's claim for the cloverleafs change included material costs of
$16, 190 and subcontractor costs of $7 ,200 based on cost records; the claim included
markups of those costs for G&A and profit at the contract rates of 8.82% and 10% (R4,
tab 121 ).

       20. On 28 October 2011 the Army contracting officer requested the DCAA to
audit BAESFSR's cloverleafs claim (compl. and answer ii 20).


                                           7
       21. DCAA conducted an audit during the period February through August 2012.
During the audit, DCAA requested and was provided with various BAESFSR original
cost records, including time sheets. (Deel. of Rick Brandt)

       22. By Audit Report No. 4281-2012Wl7200001dated31August2012, DCAA
reported the results of its audit (com pl. and answer il 22).

       23. DCAA's Audit Report questioned none of the costs or the net amount of
$285, 101 proposed by BAESFSR in support of its claim on the cloverleafs change, and
DCAA reported, in part:

             We examined BAE Systems SFSR's equitable adjustment
             claims to determine if the proposed costs are acceptable for
             settlement.



                    We evaluated the claim costs using the applicable
             requirements contained in the:

                • Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR); and
                • Defense FAR Supplement (DF ARS).



                   In our opinion, BAE Systems SFSR has submitted
             adequate data to support its claim.



             2. BAE Systems SFSR's Proposed Costs:

                    BAE Systems SFSR established ... charge numbers[;]
             one for REA No. 6 ... to take costs. BAE Systems SFSR
             prepared its proposed REAs costs using the recorded costs
             from these ... charge numbers ....

             3. Labor

                   a. Summary of Conclusions:




                                           8
                    We take no exception to the proposed labor cost, labor
             hours and labor rate for both REA No. 6 and No. 7 .



                     ...We reconciled the proposed labor charges from the
             claim to the labor distribution report for each REA.
             Employee labor charges were selectively traced to the labor
             distribution report for each REA.

(R4, tab 129 at 3-7of16)

      24. BAESFSR's cloverleafs claim included material costs of$16,190 and
subcontractor costs of $7 ,200; concerning those costs, DCAA reported:

             4. Material



                    We take no exception to the proposed REA
            No. 6 ... material costs proposed by BAE Systems SFSR[.]



                    We reconciled REA No. 6 proposed $16,190 material
             amount to BAE Systems SFSR purchase orders, or vendor
             delivery records and/or records of vendor payments made by
             BAE Systems SFSR.



             5. Subcontracts



                   REA No. 6

                   We take no exception to the proposed subcontract
            costs of $7 ,200.



            6. General and Administrative Rate


                                           9
                       We take no exception to the proposed G&A burden
                applied to materials and subcontracts for REA No. 6.



                7. Profit



                      We determined that the negotiated profit rate of 10
                percent was correctly applied to material and subcontract costs.

(R4, tab 129 at 7-10of16)

      25. By letter to BAESFSR dated 28 May 2013, the Army contracting officer
dismissed the DCAA Audit Report stating:

                The audit report was not thorough and did not provide any
                clarification.



                All DCAA did, unfortunately was to verify the addition of the
                claim without verifying any of the underlying facts.

(R4, tab 131)

    26. By letter dated 25 July 2013 the contracting officer issued a final decision on
BAESFSR's cloverleafs claim (R4, tab 137). The contracting officer did not use the
DCAA Audit Report but dismissed that Report entirely (id. at 6).

        The Government's Opposition

      As is its practice, the Army's answer to BAE's complaint included Part II.
Paragraphs 14 through 48 of Part II pertain to the cloverleaf replacement dispute. 3 To the

3
    By letter dated 6 March 2014, the Board directed BAE to file an answer to Part II of
        the government's answer to its complaint. BAE filed its answer on 3 April 2014.
        It denied the allegations in iii! 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, mainly on the
        basis that the COR's log (R4, tab 92) from which the government's allegations

                                                10
extent relevant and material, we summarize below the Army's version of the facts from
documents in the Rule 4 file and its opposition to BAE's motion for summary judgment
(gov't reply).

       27. The Army's estimate to replacement the cloverleafs was set out in
Specification Worksheet No. 4 7 of 3 July 2007. The Army believed replacing 24
cloverleafs should cost $96, 157 .0 I. It allowed 1,200 labor hours at $73 .50 or $88,200 in
labor cost; it accepted $7,312 in material costs BAE proposed; and it added 8.82% or
$544.00 for G&A and allowed no profit. (R4, tab 72)

        28. Even though BAE knew it had to cut out the cloverleafs and weld the new
ones in place, it began painting the main deck in areas where the cloverleafs would be
installed. On 20 July 2007, the CO issued a deficiency report instructing BAE "not to
paint the remaining cloverleafs due to their deteriorated condition." (R4, tab 75; answer,
part II at 33, ii 21) As of23 July 2007, BAE had not begun the cloverleaf work (R4,
tabs 92, 93; answer, part II at 33, ii 22). The cloverleaf sockets arrived at the site on
24 July 2007 (R4, tab 80 at 1, answer, part II at 33, ii 23).

        29. On 25 July 2007, BAE marked the cloverleafs to be replaced (answer, part II
at 33, ii 24). The COR noted in his daily log "very few actual shipyard workers on board
this afternoon" (R4, tab 92 at 65). The daily log of 26 July 2007 indicated that BAE was
"[s]taging equipment ... brought on board for the cloverleafs. Yard is marking the pattern
of the cloverleafs on the main deck so they can be installed in the correct position." (Id.)
The daily log of 27 July 2007 indicated: "Yard has cut the deck portion of 3 cloverleafs.
Talking to the worker doing the cutting, stated that it takes approx 5 minutes to
completely cut the deck for one cloverleaf." (Id. at 66; answer, part II at 34, ii 26)

       30. The daily log for 30 July 2007 indicated that ""18 of the 24 cloverleafs have
been cropped out and reinstalled by welding. 4 deck sockets have been cropped out and
also welded in place over the weekend." (R4, tab 92 at 67; answer, part II at 34, ii 27)
The daily log for 6 August 2007 indicated that all cloverleafs had been installed and
welded but pull test and vacuum box test still needed to be completed (R4, tab 92 at 70;
answer, part II at 34, ii 28). The daily log for 7 August 2007 indicated that the COR
inspected the remaining cloverleafs for surface preparation and gave BAE permission to
paint (R4, tab 92 at 71; answer, part II at 34, ii 29). The daily log for 8 August 2007
indicated the COR witnessed pull test on the cloverleafs and "[n]o signs of welds
cracking seen" (R4, tab 92 at 72; answer, part II at 34, ii 30).



      were derived has not been authenticated. In opposing BAE's motion for summary
      judgment, the government provided a declaration from Denny D. Large, Jr., the
      COR, stating that the "COR log ... is maintained on a daily basis by the COR"
      (gov't reply, decl. of Denny D. Large, Jr.).

                                             11
        31. The daily log for 9 August 2007 indicated that the COR inspected undersides
of four cloverleafs and found the "[p ]aint looks good and only a few cloverleafs ... need a
final coat," and found no problems in testing the vacuum box on remaining cloverleafs
(R4, tab 92 at 73; answer, part II at 34, ~ 31). The 17 August 2007 weekly progress
report indicated that the cloverleafs (Item No. 2033-2) were "100% complete as of
15 August 2007" (R4, tab 89 at 11; answer, part II at 35, ~ 32).

        32. Russ Giacalone was BAE's foreman on the LSV-5 repair. The job order
accounting system BAE provided to the DCAA auditor showed nearly all of
Mr. Giacalone's time from 27 July 2007 forward was dedicated to the cloverleaf
replacement work (gov't reply at 4; R4, tab 139.56 at 26-27, 28-29). In opposing BAE's
motion for summary judgment, the government provided Mr. Giacalone's 29 March 2012
reply to DCAA, as well as the COR's affidavit, showing the hours claimed for
Mr. Giacalone included work unrelated to the cloverleaf replacement and to work BAE
was already obligated to do under its contract (gov't reply at 4-5; R4, tab 139.48 at 2,
decl. of Denny D. Large Jr.).

        33. The Weekly Progress report in the record shows the cloverleaf work was
100% complete as of 15 August 2007 (R4, tab 89 at 11 ). The government points out that
of the 4, 102 .5 labor hours claimed for the cloverleaf replacement work, over a quarter or
1,203.5 hours is for work that took place after 15 August 2007 (gov't reply at 5; R4,
tab 139.56 at 17-43). The COR's log shows all of the cloverleafs were installed and
welded in place by 6 August 2007 (R4, tab 92 at 70). In opposing BAE's motion for
summary judgment, the government contends there was no need for shipfitters,
sheetmetal, and carpenter labor from 7 to 15 August 2007. Referring to BAE' s
spreadsheet from its job order accounting system, the government contends that BAE
claims shipfitter, sheetmetal and carpenter hours from 7 to 15 August 2007. (Gov't reply
at 6; R4, tab 139.56 at 17-43)

        34. In opposing BAE's motion for summary judgment, the government contends
that BAE' s claim fails to distinguish between work already required under its contract
and the work required as a result of the cloverleaf replacement. The government asserts
that the 618.50 labor hours claimed for painting the cloverleafs were for work already
required by paragraph C.33.9.5 of Contract 0005. (Gov't reply at 6-7; R4, tab 1at109,
tab 139.56 at 34-37, 37-39)

       35. BAE claims 1,408 overtime hours at $110.25 per hour (R4, tab 112 at 3). In
opposing BAE's motion for summary judgment, the government contends "[t]he Contract
never authorized overtime, nor does the appellant allege it received authorization for
overtime work" (gov't reply at 16).




                                             12
       BAE 's Claim and the CO 's Decision

        36. By email to the CO on 8 October 2007, BAE sought $339,536.15 for the
cloverleaf replacement work (R4, tab 96 at 2; answer, part II at 35, ii 35). The CO's
29 November 2007 response asked for additional information on BAE's revised price and
an explanation on why the claimed amount varied from the original estimate (R4, tab 98
at 1; answer, part II at 35, ii 36). In response, BAE provided a Change Order Route Slip
with the following breakdown:

           Labor
            4,392 straight hours at $73,50                      $322,812.00
            1,404 overtime hours at $36.75                      $ 51,597.00
           Materials:
            Materials                                           $ 9, 150.00
            Rents                                               $ 1,078.[32]
           Subcontractors                                       $ 7,200.00
           G&A {jiJ 8.82%                                       $ 1,537.18
           Profit (ii), 10%                                     $    720.00
           Total                                                $394,094.50

(R4, tab 99 at 4; answer, part II at 35, ii 37) The CO's 19 December 2007 email told
BAE that it had not provided sufficient substantiating documentation in support of its
claim (R4, tab 100; answer, part II at 36, ii 38).

        37. BAE submitted REA No. 6 by an undated letter. The REA sought
$394,094.50 "for the additional work performed to procure and install 24 Cloverleaf Tie
Down Sockets" (R4, tab 104 at 2). The REA included a number of previously submitted
documents, and (1) a 20 June 2007 quotation from Peck & Hale for 20 F518-1E Aircraft
Socket made in Korea at $145.00 per unit for a total of $2,900 ($145 x 20) (id. at 4); (2) a
11 July 2007 quotation from Delta Sandblasting Company, Inc. (Delta) for "[s]taging for
twenty five different locations in the voids and ballast tanks ... [at] $2,600 per location"
(id. at 6); and (3) a 11 July 2007 quotation from Delta for "[t]ouch up for the twenty five
different locations in the voids and ballast tanks ... [at] $2,500 per location" (id. at 7).

       38. The CO's 30 March 2010 letter asked for workload documentation and
material receipts for the additional $10,228.32 in materials claimed, evidence of $7,200
paid to subcontractors, time cards, and substantiation that BAE spent a total of over 7,000
hours on 24 cloverleafs. The letter stated that "[b]ased on similar work at other
contractor facilities, I have determined that BAE was generously compensated and no
additional money is due." (R4, tab 109 at 4)




                                             13
       39. BAE's undated response reduced its REA No. 6 labor hours to 4,103 and
overtime hours to 1,408. It revised its material costs to $12,710 and claimed $7,200 for
subcontractor sandblasting, calculating a net amount owed to be $279,544:

             Labor:
             --4,103 hours@, $73.50                                $301,571
             --1,408 OT hours@, $36.75                             $ 51,744
             Material                                              $ 12,710
             Subcontractor (sandblastin~)                          $ 7,200
             G&A@, 8.82% (materials and subcontractor)             $ 1,756
             Total                                                 $375,701
             Less unilateral Modification No. 06                  ($ 96,157)
               Claim                                               $279,544

(R4, tab 112 at 3)

       40. Addressing the CO's comments, BAE explained that: (1) the COR's
observation did not "capture the entire work effort required to perform ... all of the
necessary work" because "shipyards perform work both in the shop and on board the
ship"; (2) "observations of actual deck plate work [did] not take into consideration shop
related work, mobilization, setup, tear down, equipment preparation or tool check out
time" and these events occurred at different times, different shifts or at the same time; (3)
the COR's observation took place "during the removal stage which is the simplest part of
the work. A majority of the work require[d] hours of grinding and weld preparation with
welding that occur[ red] on the deck as well as in the overhead of the affected space. All
hot work also require[d] fire watch services in the space below"; and (4) "what may be an
acceptable charging practice and pricing action in one shipyard under another contract it
may or may not be so in another shipyard under a different contract." (R4, tab 112 at 2)

      41. BAE submitted its certified claim to the CO by letter dated 11 July 2011
seeking $285, 101:




                                             14
              4,102.50 hours~ $73.50                              $301,534
              1,407.50 hours of OT~ Differential $36.75           $ 51,726
              Material:
               24 Cloverleafs (Invoice Attached)                  $ 3,480
               Other (Material Status Report Attached)            $ 12,710
              Subs (Material Status Report Attached)              $ 7,200
              G&A (ciJ 8.82% of Material and Subs                 $ 2,063
              Profit on Material, Subs @, 10%                     $ 2,545
              Total Equitable Adjustment Due                      $381,258
              Less Allowed by Unilateral Mod 06                   ($96, 157)
              Additional Equitable Adjustment                     $285,101

(R4, tab 121; answer, part II at 38, iJ 45)

        42. The CO requested an audit from the DCAA. The DCAA issued its report
(Audit Report No. 428 l-2012Wl 7200001) on 31 August 2012 (R4, tab 129). The audit
stated that DCAA evaluated the claimed costs following the applicable requirements
contained in the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and the Defense FAR Supplement
(DF ARS) (id. at 3 of 16). It opined that BAE "has submitted adequate data to support its
claim," and "consider[ ed] the claim to be acceptable as a basis for negotiation of fair and
reasonable settlements" (id. at 4 of 16).

        43. On a more detailed level, the DCAA took no exception to the proposed labor
cost, labor hours and labor rate for REA No. 6 (R4, tab 129 at 6of16). It found BAE's
"Proposed labor hours are based on those recorded on individual employee's timesheets
and accumulated in labor distribution reports for each REA (id.) and it was able to
reconcile "the proposed labor hours from the claim to the labor distribution report for
[the] REA," and "[e]mployee labor charges were selectively traced to the labor
distribution report for each REA" (id. at 6-7 of 16). It took no exception to the material
costs proposed by BAE. It was able to reconcile the proposed $16, 190 material amount
to BAE's purchase orders, or vendor delivery records and/or records of vendor payments
made by BAE (id.). It took no exception to the proposed subcontractor costs of $7,200
finding that BAE "provided a vendor invoice and record of payment to support its
proposed subcontract costs for sand blasting twenty-four clover leaf deck sockets" (id. at
7 of 16). It took no exception to the proposed G&A burden applied to materials and
subcontracts. It applied the 8.82% G&A rate to the materials and subcontract costs and
found "[t]he computed amounts reconciled to the proposed amounts" (id. at 9 of 16).
BAE's proposed profit of $2,545 was based on a rate of 10 % applied to material and
subcontract costs. The DCAA determined that BAE's profit of $2,545 at the profit rate
of 10% was correctly applied to material and subcontract costs (id. at 10 of 16).




                                              15
       44. Even though the DCAA took no exception to each element ofBAE's claim, it
cautioned that "the primary purpose of our examination is to review the quantum aspects
of the claim," and "[t]his assumes [BAE] can demonstrate legal entitlement" (R4, tab 129
at 3of16).

        45. The CO denied BAE's claim by decision issued on 25 July 2013. On the
DCAA' s audit, the CO stated that the DCAA did not verify "that the costs claimed
related to the work performed on the cloverleaf repairs," and that the "DCAA had no
knowledge of the actual facts and did not look beyond the information offered by BAE"
(R4, tab 137 at 6). On whether unilateral Modification No. 06 fairly compensated BAE,
the CO observed that BAE was paid approximately $4,000 per cloverleaf. She stated that
on LSV-6, the Army paid $660 per cloverleaf in Kuwait and when the vessel returned to
the United States, the Army paid $1,637.60 per cloverleaf. She pointed out that on LSVs
2, 3, 4 and 5, the Army paid as low as $1,575.00 and as high as $1,986.00. The decision
stated "You have already been paid a minimum of twice the amount of any price obtained
from other shipyards .... Your current claim would be ten times that of some of the
shipyards as you are seeking almost $16,000 per cloverleaf." (Id. at 7)

        46. On overtime hours, the CO took the position that "[t]he fully burdened labor
rate includes your average amount of overhead, and you are not compensated additionally
for overtime" (R4, tab 137 at 7). The CO also did not find the 4,102.50 labor hours
claimed to have been spent on the cloverleaf replacement credible because BAE claimed
to have spent 512 work days out of approximately 582 work days recorded in the
contemporaneous progress reports during the 18 days between 24 July and 10 August
2007 when the cloverleaf work was performed. According to the CO, the period was in
the "getting-to-the-end-of-performance-working-on-everything phase of the contract,"
when work was being done on "the potable water tanks, the sewage tanks, the starboard
fuel tank, starboard scuttle, testing of bulkhead penetrations, the exhaust stack door,
reworking the piping for the hot water heater and recirculating pump that was piped
incorrectly, pilot house windows, and the stem ramp" (id.).

                                      DECISION

       During the programmed drydocking, cleaning, painting and repairs of the U.S.
Army vessel LSV-5, the COR determined that 24 cloverleafs on the main deck of the
vessel needed to be replaced. BAE submitted an estimate of $217 ,406.88 to do the work.
The Army performed its own estimate, considered the amount estimated by BAE
excessive and issued unilateral Modification No. 06, pricing the work at $96, 157.01.
BAE performed the work and submitted REA No. 6 for $394,094.50. This amount did
not account for the $96, 157.01 allowed which would have reduced the net amount
claimed to $297,937.49. Unable to resolve their differences, BAE submitted a certified
claim in the amount of $258,101. DCAA audited BAE's claim and issued a report in
August 2012 taking no exceptions to the various costs elements claimed. The DCAA


                                           16
report cautioned, however, that the purpose of the audit was to review the quantum
aspects of the claim, assuming that BAE had demonstrated entitlement.

       Moving for summary judgment, BAE tells us that this case presents a single issue:
"should the contractor's equitable adjustment amount be based on the contractor's actual,
recorded costs of performing the change, as confirmed by Government auditors, or
should the amount be based on an estimate by Government personnel?" BAE states "The
law is clear: actual incurred costs, confirmed by DCAA, must be the measure of the
equitable adjustment." (App. mot. at 6) BAE contends that Contract 0005's PRICING OF
CONTRACT MODIFICATIONS (DEC 1991) clause at DF ARS 252.243-7001 requires price
adjustment under the contract be based on "the contract cost principles and procedures in
FAR Part 31 and DF ARS Part 231, in effect on the date of this contract," and since
"DCAA's Audit Report confirms, BAESFSR's proposed costs are actual costs recorded
in a charge number established 'to take costs' of REA No. 6 ... those costs 'should be used
to determine the equitable adjustment"' (app. mot. at 7) (citation omitted).

         Summary judgment is appropriate when the cited materials in the record, including
depositions, documents, electronically stored information, affidavits or declarations,
stipulations, admissions, interrogatory answers, or other material show that there is no
genuine dispute as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment
as a matter of law. FED. R. CIV. P. 56(a), (c)(l); Mingus Constructors, Inc. v. United
States, 812 F.2d 1387, 1390 (Fed. Cir. 1987). The moving party has the burden of
showing the absence of a genuine dispute of material fact. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477
U.S. 317, 323 (1986). If the moving party makes the requisite showing, then the burden
shifts to the nonmoving party to show there is a genuine factual issue for trial. Id. In
deciding motions for summary judgment, we do not resolve factual disputes, but
determine if genuine disputes of material facts exist. Applied Companies, ASBCA
Nos. 50593, 52102, 99-2 BCA ii 30,554 at 150,883. Moreover, the evidence of the
nonmoving party is to be believed, and all reasonable factual inferences are to be drawn
in its favor. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 255 (1986); Adickes v. S.H.
Kress & Co., 398 U.S. 144 (1970).

        The substantive law identifies which facts are material. Only disputes over facts
that might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law will properly preclude
the entry of summary judgment. Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. at 248; Osborne Constr. Co.,
ASBCA No. 55030, 09-1BCAii34,083 at 168,512 ("Substantive law dictates the
parties' relative burdens, and defines those 'material' facts that may affect the outcome of
a particular cause of action.").

       We do not agree that, as a matter of substantive law, actual incurred costs,
confirmed by DCAA, must be the measure of equitable adjustment absent proof from the
contractor of reasonableness of the costs claimed. As BAE recognizes, under Contract
0005's PRICING OF CONTRACT MODIFICATIONS clause, when costs are a factor in any


                                            17
price adjustment, the contract cost principles in FAR Part 31 and DF ARS apply. What
the work actually costs, however, is not the only factor in determining allowability of
equitable adjustment. FAR 31.201-2, Determining allowability, provides, in pertinent
part:

                   (a) The factors to be considered in determining
             whether a cost is allowable include the following:

                    ( 1) Reasonableness.

                    (2) Allocability.

                    (3) Standards promulgated by the CAS Board, if
             applicable; otherwise, generally accepted accounting
             principles and practices appropriate to the particular
             circumstances.

                    (4) Terms of the contract.

                    (5) Any limitations set forth in this subpart.

      FAR 31.201-3, Determining reasonableness, provides, in part:

                     (a) A cost is reasonable if, in its nature and amount, it
             does not exceed that which would be incurred by a prudent
             person in the conduct of competitive business .... No
             presumption of reasonableness shall be attached to the
             incurrence of costs by a contractor. If an initial review of the
             facts results in a challenge of a specific cost by the
             contracting officer or the contracting officer's representative,
             the burden of proof shall be upon the contractor to establish
             that such cost is reasonable.

                   (b) What is reasonable depends upon a variety of
             considerations and circumstances, including -

                    ( 1) Whether it is the type of cost generally recognized
             as ordinary and necessary for the conduct of the contractor's
             business or the contract performance;




                                            18
                     (4) Any significant deviations from the contractor's
              established practices.

        Interpreting FAR 31.20 l-3(a), the Federal Circuit recently affirmed that the
contractor has the burden of proof, unaided by a presumption of reasonableness, to
establish that the costs it incurred were reasonable. Kellogg Brown & Root Services, Inc.
v. United States, 728 F.3d 1348, 1363 (Fed. Cir. 2013) ("It seems that KBR seeks a
presumption that it is entitled to reimbursement simply because it incurred facilities costs.
It is not."). This Board has long so held. See Northrop Worldwide Aircraft Services,
Inc., ASBCA Nos. 45216, 45877, 98-1 BCA ii 29,654 at 146,934 (citing Northrop
Worldwide Aircraft Services, Inc., ASBCA No. 47442, 97-1 BCA ii 28,885).

        "Cost reasonableness is a question of fact." Kellogg Brown & Root Services, Inc.
v. United States, 742 F.3d 967, 970 (Fed. Cir. 2014) (finding the fact a change order
tripled the price of providing dining services for roughly double the troops should have
prompted the prime contractor to balk or at least request an explanation of how the
subcontractor arrived at its proposal). As the Federal Circuit observed, issues relating to
reasonableness are "intensely factual," and summary judgment is inappropriate when "the
evidence is such that a reasonable jury could reach a verdict in [the non-movant's]
favor." Scott Timber Co. v. United States, 333 F.3d 1358, 1369 (Fed. Cir. 2003).

       Other than demonstrating that it incurred an additional $258,101 to the $96, 157.01
the Army paid and that the incurred amount was verified by DCAA, BAE, as the moving
party, has failed to make the showing, required by the substantive law of equitable
adjustment, that the additional costs incurred met the factors of allowability under
FAR 31.201-2, particularly the "reasonableness" factor. DynCorp, ASBCA No. 53098,
01-2 BCA ii 31,476 at 155,405 (summary judgment denied where "We have been given
no opinion by anyone other than a DynCorp employee and no comparative data as to the
reasonableness of the specific costs").

       Here, even though verified by DCAA to have been incurred, the CO took
exception to the costs claimed for the cloverleaf replacement work as unreasonable. The
CO cited as examples that the Army paid $1,637.60 per cloverleaf in the case ofLSV-6,
and paid as low as $1,575.00 and as high as $1,986.00 per cloverleaf on vessels LSV-2,
3, 4 and 5. The CO pointed out that BAE had already been paid approximately $4,000
per cloverleaf under unilateral Modification No. 06, and it would be paid almost $16,000
per cloverleaf, about 10 times the amount charged by contractors in the past, if she were
to pay the claimed amount. (SOF ii 45)

       Based on the COR's contemporaneous progress report logging 582 work days during
the 18-day period between 24 July and 10 August 2007, the CO did not find the 512
man-days BAE claimed for the cloverleaf work credible. According to the CO, the cloverleaf



                                             19
work was done during the "getting-to-the-end-of-performance-working-on-everything"
phase of the project when numerous other work items were being performed. (SOF ii 46)

       In opposing BAE's motion for summary judgment, the government has shown that
there are disputes of material fact on whether the labor hours claimed were related to the
cloverleaf replacement work and whether they were for work already called for by the
terms of the contract, and therefore are not ordinary and necessary (SOF iii! 32, 33, 34).
These issues ultimately affect the reasonableness of BAE's overall claim for additional
compensation.

        BAE may or may not be able to prove its entitlement to an additional $258,101.
As a matter of law, the reasonableness of its costs is its burden to prove. That burden is
not shifted to the government, as the nonmoving party, to show there are genuine factual
issues for trial until BAE has met its burden. As the case now stands, there are material
facts in dispute relating to the reasonableness of the amount claimed for the cloverleaf
replacement work.

        In its reply to the government's opposition, BAE contends that "[t]he Government
Cannot Disavow or Dispute DCAA's Conclusion Because, Within DoD, DCAA Has Sole
Authority to Audit and To Express Those Conclusions" (app. reply at 11). BAE argues
that since the DCAA is the exclusive audit agent for DoD, the Army CO was "not
competent to substitute her own opinion on BAESFSR's costs for DCAA's" (id. at 12),
and the Army trial attorneys have no authority to "substitute their arguments and opinions
for DCAA's Audit Report" (id. at 13).

       BAE cites no support for the legal proposition it advanced. The Contract Disputes
Act under which it brought its appeal assigned the task of deciding contractor claims to
the CO, not the DCAA. 41 U.S.C. § 7103(d), (e) and (t). The DCAA audit report is
advisory only. In deciding BAE's claim, it is within the CO's prerogative to accept or
reject DCAA's advice.




                                            20
                                   CONCLUSION

      Because BAE has failed to meet its burden demonstrating that its claimed costs,
though verified by DCAA as having been incurred, are reasonable under FAR 31.201-2
and 31.201-3, its motion for summary judgment is denied.

      Dated: 19 June 2014
                                         ....
                                                 PETER D. TING
                                                                              Pi   -
                                                 Administrative Judge
                                                 Armed Services Board
                                                 of Contract Appeals

I concur                                         I concur




~~
Administrative Judge
                                                 RICHARD SHACKLEFORD
                                                 Administrative Judge
Acting Chairman                                  Vice Chairman
Armed Services Board                             Armed Services Board
of Contract Appeals                              of Contract Appeals


      I certify that the foregoing is a true copy of the Opinion and Decision of the
Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals in ASBCA No. 58809, Appeal of BAE
Systems San Francisco Ship Repair, rendered in conformance with the Board's Charter.

      Dated:



                                                 JEFFREY D. GARDIN
                                                 Recorder, Armed Services
                                                 Board of Contract Appeals




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