                                             COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


              Present: Judges Frank, Alston and Senior Judge Bumgardner
UNPUBLISHED


              Argued by teleconference


              AARON CHRISTOPHER SEARCY
                                                                          MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
              v.     Record No. 1937-11-1                               JUDGE RUDOLPH BUMGARDNER, III
                                                                               NOVEMBER 27, 2012
              COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA


                                 FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF NORFOLK
                                              Charles E. Poston, Judge

                               J. Barry McCracken, Assistant Public Defender, for appellant.

                               Katherine Quinlan Adelfio, Assistant Attorney General (Kenneth T.
                               Cuccinelli, II, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.


                     Aaron Christopher Searcy appeals his conviction for conspiracy to commit robbery. He

              argues the evidence was insufficient to prove an agreement to commit robbery. Concluding the

              evidence supported the conviction, we affirm.

                     We examine the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it

              all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. See Haskins v. Commonwealth, 31

              Va. App. 145, 149-50, 521 S.E.2d 777, 779 (1999).

                     The victim testified he was moving a television and a box containing clothes. He was

              pushing the items on a cart. The victim walked past a man and a woman later identified as the

              defendant and Heather Ballard. They were talking to one another as they passed the victim, but

              he could not hear what they were saying. The victim stated the defendant and Ballard turned

              around and “they” “start[ed] saying stuff” to him. They stood “right next” to the victim, and the


                     *
                         Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
defendant told the victim that the television did not belong to the victim. The defendant pushed

him and struck him in the face. The defendant then left, pushing the cart containing the

television. The victim testified the defendant never asked him if the television was for sale.

       Ballard testified for the Commonwealth that she was walking with the defendant when

they encountered the victim pushing the television on a cart. Ballard remarked to the defendant

that the television looked similar to one she once owned and that her children did not have “the

greatest TV anymore.” She testified the defendant offered to ask the victim if the television was

for sale. Ballard agreed to that and stated the defendant asked the victim if the television was in

good condition and whether he would sell it. When the victim replied that the television was not

for sale, the defendant told the victim, “Well, just let me get it then” and the defendant held onto

the cart. The victim repeatedly asked the defendant not to take the television. Ballard stated the

defendant said, “I’m taking it. This is it.”

       Ballard testified the defendant “punched the [victim] a couple times in the face and had

told me to start pushing the cart.” Ballard also stated the defendant told her to remove the other

box from the cart, which she did. She then tried to push the cart, but she was only able to “turn it

around and push it a slight bit” because it was heavy. She testified the defendant yelled at her,

“What are you doing” because she was unable to push the cart. She told the defendant the cart

was too heavy, and the defendant “turned around” and pushed the cart containing the television

to the backyard of Ballard’s apartment building. Ballard stated the television and the cart were

put into a shed located behind her apartment building. Ballard testified that she pled guilty to

robbery and conspiracy to commit robbery, but she had not been sentenced.

       “‘Conspiracy is defined as “an agreement between two or more persons by some

concerted action to commit an offense.”’” Feigley v. Commonwealth, 16 Va. App. 717, 722,

432 S.E.2d 520, 524 (1993) (quoting Wright v. Commonwealth, 224 Va. 502, 505, 297 S.E.2d

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711, 713 (1982)). Proof of the existence of an agreement is an essential element to establish the

crime of conspiracy. See Fortune v. Commonwealth, 12 Va. App. 643, 647, 406 S.E.2d 47, 48

(1991). However, proof of an explicit agreement is not required, and the Commonwealth may,

and frequently must, rely on circumstantial evidence to establish the conspiracy. Stevens v.

Commonwealth, 14 Va. App. 238, 241, 415 S.E.2d 881, 883 (1992).

       “‘The existence of an unlawful and inherently covert agreement can be inferred from the

overt conduct of the parties.’” Floyd v. Commonwealth, 219 Va. 575, 581, 249 S.E.2d 171, 174

(1978) (quoting United States v. Harris, 433 F.2d 333, 335 (4th Cir. 1970)). See Barber v.

Commonwealth, 5 Va. App. 172, 177, 360 S.E.2d 888, 890 (1987) (sequence of events supports

inference that defendant and others acted in concert and planned to transport marijuana).

               “‘A common purpose and plan may be inferred from a
               development and collocation of circumstances.’” “Where it is
               shown that the defendants by their acts pursued the same object,
               one performing one part and the other performing another part so
               as to complete it or with a view to its attainment, the jury will be
               justified in concluding that they were engaged in a conspiracy to
               effect that object.”

Amato v. Commonwealth, 3 Va. App. 544, 552, 352 S.E.2d 4, 9 (1987) (citations omitted).

       Whether the defendant’s “‘conduct constituted knowing participation in the scheme or

merely inadvertence . . . was for the [fact finder] to decide.’” Floyd, 219 Va. at 581, 249 S.E.2d

at 174 (quoting Harris, 433 F.2d at 335).

       The evidence supports the finding that the defendant and Ballard engaged in a

coordinated effort to commit robbery and that they “‘pursued the same object, one performing

one part and the other performing another part so as to complete’” the taking of the television.

Amato, 3 Va. App. at 552, 352 S.E.2d at 9 (citation omitted). The victim heard the defendant

and Ballard conferring as they walked past him. Ballard testified she told the defendant that she

once owned a similar television and her current television was “not that great.” Although


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Ballard testified the defendant inquired about purchasing the television from the victim, the

victim testified the defendant simply said the television did not belong to the victim and the

defendant began to strike the victim. Meanwhile, the defendant told Ballard to remove one box

from the cart and to push the cart. Ballard complied with those instructions. When Ballard

could only turn the cart around, the defendant yelled at her, “turned around,” and he pushed the

cart himself. The defendant and Ballard took the television to Ballard’s apartment where it and

the cart were secreted in a shed behind her apartment.

       This evidence permits the fact finder to reason that the robbery was not a spontaneous

crime committed only by the defendant. The robbery followed immediately the conversation

between the defendant and Ballard about her need for a television. The actions of the defendant

and Ballard as they took the television by violence from the victim were coordinated efforts.

They supported the reasonable inference that the defendant and Ballard had a prearranged plan to

take the item from the victim. “[T]he fact finder is not required to believe all aspects of a

[witness’] . . . testimony; [it] may reject that which it finds implausible, but accept other parts

which it finds to be believable.” Pugliese v. Commonwealth, 16 Va. App. 82, 92, 428 S.E.2d 16,

24 (1993). The trial court was entitled to discredit that portion of Ballard’s testimony that

indicated she had no discussion with the defendant about taking the television by force. See

Harper v. Commonwealth, 49 Va. App. 517, 523, 642 S.E.2d 779, 782 (2007). Indeed, the trial

court stated specifically it “resolve[d] all matters of credibility in favor of the Commonwealth.”

See Sandoval v. Commonwealth, 20 Va. App. 133, 138, 455 S.E.2d 730, 732 (1995).

Furthermore, Ballard testified that she pled guilty to robbery and conspiracy, which is evidence

that she admitted that she agreed to committing the robbery.

       Considering all the circumstances shown by the record, the defendant’s “‘actions were

consistent with illegality and inconsistent with legality.’” Amato, 3 Va. App. at 554, 352 S.E.2d

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at 10 (quoting Wright, 224 Va. at 505, 297 S.E.2d at 713). Accordingly, we affirm the

conviction.

                                                                                        Affirmed.




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