                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                              AT NASHVILLE
                            Assigned On Briefs September 20, 2007

      TONY BALDWIN v. TENNESSEE BOARD OF PROBATION AND
                           PAROLE

                 Direct Appeal from the Chancery Court for Davidson County
                      No. 05-2618-IV Richard H. Dinkins, Chancellor



                   No. M2006-01430-COA-R3-CV - Filed November 16, 2007


A prisoner in the custody of the Tennessee Department of Correction filed a petition for writ of
certiorari after he was denied parole. The trial court dismissed the petition on the basis that it was
not sworn to and did not state that it was the first application for a writ. We affirm.

  Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Affirmed; and
                                        Remanded

DAVID R. FARMER , J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which W. Frank Crawford, J., and
HOLLY M. KIRBY , J., joined.

Tony Baldwin, Pro Se.

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter, Michael E. Moore, Solicitor General and
Mark A. Hudson, Senior Counsel, for the appellee, Tennessee Board of Probation and Paroles.

                                      MEMORANDUM OPINION1

         Tony Baldwin, an inmate in the custody of the Tennessee Department of Correction (TDOC),
filed a petition for writ of certiorari seeking judicial review of his December 2, 2004 parole hearing.
The Tennessee Board of Probation and Parole (Board) denied him parole based on the seriousness
of the offense and scheduled his next parole hearing for 2010.



       1
           RULE 10. MEMORANDUM OPINION

                This Court, with the concurrence of all judges participating in the case, may affirm, reverse
       or modify the actions of the trial court by memorandum opinion when a formal opinion would have
       no precedential value. When a case is decided by memorandum opinion it shall be designated
       “MEM ORANDUM OPINION”, shall not be published, and shall not be cited or relied on for any
       reason in any unrelated case.
         The Petitioner’s December 2004 hearing was the result of a prior petition for writ of certiorari
filed after being denied parole in February 2001 based on the seriousness of the offense and deferring
his next parole hearing until 2021. On appeal, this Court found that the Board acted arbitrarily in
deferring the next consideration of parole for the Petitioner for 20 years. Baldwin v. Tenn. Bd. of
Paroles, 125 S.W.3d 429, 434 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2003) (Baldwin I). Based on this decision, Mr.
Baldwin was granted another parole hearing in December 2004 which is the subject of the petition
for writ of certiorari currently before this Court. In that petition, Mr. Baldwin contends that he was
improperly denied parole based on the seriousness of the offense, that he has a protected liberty
interest in parole, and that the Board’s amended procedures which eliminated annual parole hearings
constitutes an ex post facto violation. The Board filed notice that it was not opposed to the granting
of the writ and the trial court granted the writ. A response was filed by the Board.

        Upon reviewing the writ, the trial court found that the writ was improvidently granted
because the petition was not sworn to as required by T.C.A. § 27-8-104(a) nor did it state that it was
the first application for the writ in accordance with T.C.A. § 27-8-106. Therefore, the writ was
dismissed. Nonetheless, the court then proceeded to address the merits of the claims raised and
found them to be without merit.

        Mr. Baldwin filed a timely appeal to this Court and presents the following issues as set forth
in his brief:

        I.         Did the Board of Probation and Parole err in using the reason of [seriousness]
                   of offense to deny Appellant parole, based upon the Board[’s] own
                   guidelines?2

        II.        Did the Board of Probation and Parole violate the Appellant’s right against
                   ex post facto as provided by the Tennessee and United States Constitutions?

        III.       Does the Appellant have a liberty protected interest in parole?


        Appellee’s brief rephrases Mr. Baldwin’s issues and states an additional issue as follows:

        Did Mr. Baldwin’s petition meet the constitutional and statutory requirements for a
        writ of certiorari?


        2
            This issue was decided in Mr. Baldwin’s previous case wherein this Court held:

        In Arnold v. Tennessee Bd. of Paroles, 956 S.W.2d 478, 482 (Tenn. 1997), our Supreme Court held
        that when the Parole Board declines parole because of the seriousness of the offense, it is not
        imposing another punishment for the same crime, but simply perpetuating a validly imposed sentence.
        Thus, Mr. Baldwin’s argument as to the grounds for denying him parole is without merit.

Baldwin v. Tenn. Bd. of Paroles, 125 S.W.3d 429, 431 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2003).

                                                         -2-
       Article VI, Section 10 of the Tennessee Constitution provides:

       The Judges or Justices of the Inferior Courts of Law and Equity, shall have power in
       all civil cases, to issue writs of certiorari to remove any cause or the transcript of the
       record thereof, from any inferior jurisdiction, into such court of law, on sufficient
       cause, supported by oath or affirmation.

TENN . CONST . art. VI, §10.

       Tennessee Code Annotated § 27-8-104(a) provides:

       The judges or the inferior courts of law have the power, in all civil cases, to issue
       writs of certiorari to remove any cause or transcript thereof from any inferior
       jurisdiction, on sufficient cause, supported by oath or affirmation.

       Tennessee Code Annotated §27-8-106 provides:

       The petition for certiorari may be sworn to before the clerk of the circuit court, the
       judge, any judge of the court of general sessions, or a notary public, and shall state
       that it is the first application for the writ.

The trial court correctly determined that Mr. Baldwin’s petition was not sworn to, nor does it state
that it is the first application for the writ.

        This Court recently dealt with a pro se petition for writ of certiorari which was not sworn to
and failed to state that it was the first application for a writ. In Jackson v. Tennessee Department of
Corrections, No. W2005-02239-COA-R3-CV, 2006 WL 1491445 (Tenn. Ct. App. May 31, 2006),
we said as follows:

               A requirement that a petitioner swear to the contents of his petition under oath
       necessarily connotes that the petitioner is first administered an oath and then states
       in accordance with that oath that the contents of the petition are true. See D.T.
       McCall & Sons v. Seagraves, 796 S.W.2d 457, 462-63 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1990).
       Notarization and verification are distinct concepts. Underwood v. Tenn. Dep’t of
       Corr., No. W2004-01630-COA-R3-CV, 2005 Tenn. App. LEXIS 23, at *5 (Tenn.
       Ct. App. Jan. 20, 2005), appeal denied, 2005 Tenn. LEXIS 723 (Tenn. Aug. 22,
       2005). “[A] verification establishes the truth of the document’s contents, D.T.
       McCall Sons, 796 S.W.2d at 463, “whereas notarization acknowledges the proper
       execution of a document,” Underwood, 2005 Tenn. App. LEXIS 23, at *5. When
       discussing these unique concepts, the Tennessee Court of Criminal Appeals has noted
       the following:




                                                  -3-
       In Tennessee, acknowledged documents are ones which have been
       notarized by a notary public or acknowledged in the presence of an
       official. See generally Cohen, Tennessee Law on Evidence § 9.02
       [10] (4th ed. 2000). As defined in Black’s Law Dictionary, “verify”
       means “to prove to be true; to confirm or establish the truth or
       truthfulness of.” Black’s Law Dictionary 1561 (6th ed. 1990).
       Black’s further explains, as an example of verification, that “a
       verified complaint typically has an attached affidavit of plaintiff to
       the effect that the complaint is true.” Id. There is no doubt that the
       essence of a verification is truthfulness of the document’s contents.
       As Judge Koch explained in an opinion from the Court of Appeals,
       “an acknowledgment establishes the proper execution of the
       document while a verification establishes the truth of the document’s
       contents.” D.T. McCall & Sons v. Seagraves, 796 S.W.2d 457, 463
       (Tenn. Ct. App. 1990)(recognizing a distinction in Tennessee
       between an acknowledgment and a verification); see also Varner v.
       Moore, 1994 Tenn. App. LEXIS 685, No. 03A01-9405-CV-00171,
       1994 WL 666902, at *2 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1994)(discussing the
       difference between acknowledged document and a verified document
       for purposes of self-authentication pursuant to Rule 902(8) of the
       Tennessee Rules of Evidence).

Montague v. State, No. E2000-01330-CCA-R3-PC, 2001 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS
692, at *3-4 (Tenn. Crim. App. Sept. 4, 2001)(no perm. app. filed).

        In order for a petition for a common law writ of certiorari to be valid, the
petitioner must verify the content of the petition and swear to the contents of the
petition under oath, typically by utilizing a notary public. See TENN . CODE ANN . §§
27-8-104(a), -106 (2000); Underwood, 2005 Tenn. App. LEXIS 23, at *7-8; Bowling
v. Tenn. Bd. Of Paroles, No. M2001-00138-COA-R3-CV, 2002 Tenn. App. LEXIS
291, at *9 (Tenn. Ct. App. Apr. 30, 2002). As the Tennessee Court of Criminal
Appeals noted, “merely swearing to having knowledge of the allegations contained
in the petition is insufficient to qualify as a verification under oath. To conclude
otherwise would allow a petitioner to file a petition which knowingly contained
frivolous, false, and even perjured allegations or statement of facts.” Montague,
2001 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 692, at *5. Subject matter jurisdiction “can only be
conferred on a court by constitutional or legislative act.” Northland Ins. Co. v. State,
33 S.W.3d 727, 729 (Tenn. 2000) (citing Kane v. Kane, 547 S.W.2d 559, 560 (Tenn.
1977); Computer Shoppe, Inc. v. State, 780 S.W.2d 729, 734 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1989)).
The Tennessee Constitution and the statutes promulgated by the legislature require
that a petition for a writ of common law certiorari be made under oath. See TENN .
CONST . art. 6, § 10; TENN . CODE ANN . §§ 27-8-104(a), - 106 (2000). While Wilson’s
petition contained his verification that its contents were true and correct to the best


                                          -4-
        of his knowledge, he failed to have the petition notarized by a notary public.
        Accordingly, the trial court did not err in dismissing his petition for a lack of subject
        matter jurisdiction. Cf. Underwood, 2005 Tenn. App. LEXIS 23, at *7-8 (holding
        that a trial court correctly dismissed a prisoner’s petition for a writ of common law
        certiorari when the prisoner failed to verify his petition, therefore, the trial court
        lacked subject matter jurisdiction); Bowling, 2002 Tenn. App. LEXIS 291, at *9
        (ruling that a prisoner’s petition for a writ of common law certiorari was properly
        dismissed when the prisoner failed to verify the contents of his petition).

Id. at *3-4 (quoting Wilson v. Tenn. Dep’t of Corr., No. W2005-00910-COA-R3-CV, 2006 Tenn.
App. LEXIS 91, at *3 (Tenn. Ct. App. Feb. 13, 2006)).

          Mr. Baldwin’s response is that his previous petition, which was the subject of Baldwin I, was
in compliance with the constitutional and statutory requirements and that this case is merely a
continuation of the previous case. We disagree. Baldwin I held that the Board’s decision to defer
for further parole consideration for 20 years constituted arbitrary exercise of the Board’s authority.
That opinion was filed August 15, 2003 and permission to appeal was denied by the Supreme Court
on December 22, 2003. Mandate issued on January 7, 2004. That is a separate case involving a
separate and distinct petition. He further argues that the Board waived this argument by not raising
it in its response to his petition. We find this argument to be without merit as this involves a matter
of subject matter jurisdiction which this Court may raise sua sponte. Rule 13(b) Tenn. R. Civ. P.


         We hold that the trial court did not commit error when it dismissed the Appellant’s petition
for writ of certiorari based on the fact that the petition was not sworn to and failed to state that it was
the first application for a writ. The remaining issues are pretermitted. Costs of this appeal are taxed
to the Appellant, Tony Baldwin, for which execution may issue if necessary.



                                                         ___________________________________
                                                         DAVID R. FARMER, JUDGE




                                                   -5-
