MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                                         FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any                                                Aug 31 2020, 9:08 am
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral                                                       CLERK
                                                                                          Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                                             Court of Appeals
estoppel, or the law of the case.                                                              and Tax Court




ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT                                     ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Lisa V. Schrader                                            STATE OF INDIANA
Lafayette, Indiana                                          Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
                                                            Attorney General of Indiana
Edward L. Kennedy
Lafayette, Indiana                                          Benjamin M.L. Jones
                                                            Deputy Attorney General
                                                            Indianapolis, Indiana



                                             IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Terry P. Haymaker,                                          August 31, 2020
Appellant-Petitioner,                                       Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                            20A-JP-919
        v.                                                  Appeal from the Tippecanoe
                                                            Superior Court
Carolyn A.Vessels1 and the State                            The Honorable Faith A Graham,
of Indiana,                                                 Judge
                                                            The Honorable Matthew D.
Appellees-Respondents.
                                                            Boulac,
                                                            Title IV-D Commissioner




1
  Vessels does not participate in this appeal. However, pursuant to Indiana Appellate Rule 17(A), a party
below is a party on appeal.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-JP-919 | August 31, 2020                    Page 1 of 10
                                                                Trial Court Cause No.
                                                                79D03-9006-JP-86




      Bradford, Chief Judge.



                                           Case Summary
[1]   In 1991, Terry P. Haymaker (“Father”) was ordered to pay child support for his

      three children in the amount of $85 per week. Father was incarcerated in 1993,

      after he was found to be in contempt for failing to pay child support. While

      incarcerated he wrote a letter to the trial court, challenging the contempt

      determination and accusing the children’s mother of fraud. He subsequently

      wrote letters to the trial court in 1996, but these letters are not included in the

      record on appeal and their contents are unknown. On November 5, 2019,

      Father was found to be $64,406 in arrears of his child-support obligation. He

      filed a motion to correct error, alleging that his 1993 and 1996 letters should

      have been treated as requests to modify his support obligation and, as such, his

      child-support obligation should have been retroactively modified to 1993. The

      trial court denied Father’s motion to correct error. We affirm.




      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-JP-919 | August 31, 2020    Page 2 of 10
                            Facts and Procedural History
[2]   Carolyn Vessels (“Mother”) and Father are the parents of three children. On

      March 25, 1991, the parties entered into an agreed order which set Father’s

      child-support obligation at $85 per week, effective December 21, 1990. On

      April 30, 1993, Father was incarcerated after he was found to be in contempt of

      the March 25, 1991 order. While incarcerated, on October 19, 1993, Father

      wrote a letter to the court in which he challenged the contempt finding and

      accused Mother of fraud. At some point, Father was released from

      incarceration.


[3]   Father was again incarcerated from February 22, 1994 through August 25,

      2015, after being convicted of unrelated criminal charges. Father sent letters to

      the court on both March 4, and April 19, 1996, but the content of these letters is

      unknown as neither are included in the record on appeal. There was no action

      in the underlying paternity action between April 19, 1996 and August 21, 2017.


[4]   In May of 2004, Father sent a letter to the child-support prosecutor, claiming to

      have sought a modification of his weekly child-support obligation in both 1996

      and 1997. Father sent a second letter to the child-support prosecutor on August

      23, 2004, raising procedural questions. Neither of these letters were filed with

      the trial court.


[5]   On September 8, 2017, the State moved to modify Father’s child-support

      obligation. The trial court issued an order on February 1, 2018, reducing

      Father’s weekly child-support obligation to $0, effective January 11, 2011. On

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-JP-919 | August 31, 2020   Page 3 of 10
      November 5, 2019, the trial court issued an order finding that as of August 2,

      2019, Father’s child-support arrearage was $64,406, of which $50,264 was owed

      to Mother and $14,142 was owed to the State.


[6]   Father filed a motion to correct error on November 18, 2019. The trial court

      conducted a hearing on Father’s motion on January 28, 2020, after which it

      took the matter under advisement. On March 20, 2020, the trial court denied

      Father’s motion to correct error.



                                 Discussion and Decision
[7]   Father appeals from the denial of his motion to correct error.


              The trial court’s decision on a motion to correct error comes to
              an appellate court cloaked in a presumption of correctness, and
              the appellant has the burden of proving that the trial court abused
              its discretion. Volunteers of Am. v. Premier Auto Acceptance Corp.,
              755 N.E.2d 656, 658 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001). In making our
              determination, we may neither reweigh the evidence nor judge
              the credibility of witnesses. Id. Instead, we look at the record to
              determine if: “(a) the trial court abused its judicial discretion; (b)
              a flagrant injustice has been done to the appellant; or (c) a very
              strong case for relief from the trial court’s [order] ... has been
              made by the appellant.” Id. (citation omitted) (omission in
              original).


      Page v. Page, 849 N.E.2d 769, 771 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006). Further,


              [d]ecisions regarding child support rest within the sound
              discretion of the trial court. Haley v. Haley, 771 N.E.2d 743, 752
              (Ind. Ct. App. 2002). It is within a trial court’s discretion to

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-JP-919 | August 31, 2020   Page 4 of 10
               make a modification of child support relate back to the date the
               petition to modify is filed, or any date thereafter. Quinn v.
               Threlkel, 858 N.E.2d 665, 674 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006) (citing Carter
               v. Dayhuff, 829 N.E.2d 560, 568 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005)). We will
               reverse a decision regarding retroactivity only for an abuse of
               discretion or if the trial court’s determination is contrary to law.
               Id.


      In re B.J.R., 984 N.E.2d 687, 695 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013). In arguing that the trial

      court abused its discretion in denying his motion to correct error, Father asserts

      that the trial court erroneously failed to retroactively reduce his weekly child-

      support obligation. Father’s assertion is based solely on his belief that the trial

      court should have treated the letters he sent to the trial court in 1993 and 1996

      as requests to modify his support obligation. We disagree.


                                             I. 1993 Letter
[8]   Father contends that the trial court abused its discretion by failing to treat his

      1993 letter as a motion to modify his weekly child-support obligation. In his

      motion to correct error, Father argued that the trial court “failed to address the

      issue as to whether [Father’s] letter to [the trial court] on October 19, 1993,

      written during his incarceration, constituted a Petition to Modify Child

      Support.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 14. In denying Father’s motion to

      correct error, the trial court found that the 1993 letter was not a request for a

      modification of child support “but, at best, [an] insufficient pleading” or

      attempted ex parte communication with the trial court. Appellant’s App. Vol. II

      p. 18.


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-JP-919 | August 31, 2020   Page 5 of 10
[9]   On appeal, Father argues “[t]he trial court committed reversible error when it

      determined that the letter written by [him] on October 18, 1993 did not

      constitute a Petition to Modify Child Support.” Appellant’s Br. p. 10. In

      support, he asserts that the letter included the cause number for the underlying

      paternity case “at the top of the page,” the first sentence indicated that his letter

      was about his child support, and the second sentence “asked to bring the child

      support matter back to court” so that he could “prove his case in court” and

      “present witnesses.” Appellant’s Br. p. 10. In response, the State argued that


              [a] plain reading of the 1993 letter shows that it was an effort by
              [Father] to challenge the trial court’s order finding him in
              contempt. Father’s Ex. I. At no time in the 1993 letter did
              [Father] ask the trial court to modify his support obligation or
              argue that he was unable to meet his support obligation as a
              consequence of his imprisonment. Father’s Ex. I. Indeed,
              [Father] argued that he had been meeting his obligation and he
              anticipated a return to work upon his release from prison, which
              undermines any claim that he was seeking relief from the order
              based upon his incarceration. Id. Unsurprisingly, the 1993 letter
              also makes no mention of the yet-to-occur criminal charges for
              which he would be incarcerated in 1994, Father’s Ex. I, Tr. 14,
              and which formed the basis for [Father]’s claim that he is entitled
              to substantial relief from nearly his entire support obligation
              retroactive to 1993. Tr. 14–15. Because the 1993 letter was a
              challenge to the trial court’s finding of contempt and not a
              motion to modify his support obligation, the trial court did not
              abuse its discretion by denying [Father]’s motion to correct error.


      Appellee’s Br. p. 12. We agree with the State.




      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-JP-919 | August 31, 2020   Page 6 of 10
[10]   In writing the letter to the trial court, Father acted as a pro-se litigant. “It is

       well settled that pro se litigants are held to the same legal standards as licensed

       attorneys.” Basic v. Amouri, 58 N.E.3d 980, 983 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016). “This

       means that pro se litigants are bound to follow the established rules of

       procedure and must be prepared to accept the consequences of their failure to

       do so.” Id. at 983–84.


[11]   “[P]leadings are to be examined and treated as to their content rather than their

       caption.” Ground v. Methodist Hosp. of Indiana, Inc., 576 N.E.2d 611, 613 (Ind.

       Ct. App. 1991); see also ABN AMRO Mortg. Grp., Inc. v. Am. Residential Servs.,

       LLC, 845 N.E.2d 209, 216 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006). Review of the 1993 letter

       reveals that while the first line of the letter did indicate that Father was “writing

       this letter to [the court] about my child support,” Father’s ex. 1, nothing in the

       letter mentioned, let alone requested, a modification of his child-support

       obligation. Rather the letter attacked the contempt finding, for which he was

       incarcerated, and accused Mother of fraud. While Father may have intended

       for the letter to serve as a request to modify his child-support obligation, the

       contents of the letter fall short of making such a request. Because Father’s

       arguments were limited to and reflected by the contents of his letter, the letter

       could not have been treated as a petition to modify his child support but rather

       as a challenge to the contempt determination. The trial court, therefore, did not

       abuse its discretion by finding that the letter did not constitute a request for

       modification of Father’s child-support obligation.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-JP-919 | August 31, 2020   Page 7 of 10
                                               II. 1996 Letters
[12]   Father further argues that the additional letters he wrote to the trial court in

       1996 “were also Petitions to Modify Child Support.” Appellant’s Br. p. 11. In

       denying Father’s motion to correct error, the trial court found that like the 1993

       letter, the 1996 letters “were not requests for Modification of Child Support but,

       at best, insufficient pleading, and likely attempted ex parte communications with

       the Court.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 18. While the trial court’s statements

       during the hearing on Father’s motion to correct error suggests that these

       additional letters were in the trial court’s case file,2 copies of the letters were not

       included in the record presented on appeal. Instead, Father relies on the 2004

       letters that he sent to the child-support prosecutor, in which he referred to his

       1996 letters as requests to modify his child support.


[13]   Father’s statements relating to the content of the 1996 letters, however, were

       inadmissible hearsay. See Evid. R. 801(c) (defining hearsay as “a statement

       that: (1) is not made by the declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing; and

       (2) is offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted”); see also Kline




       2
         Father’s counsel and the trial court engaged in the following colloquy regarding the letters during the
       hearing on Father’s motion to correct error:
                [Father’s Counsel]: And, now you have, I did make a copy of the docket, you know,
                which showed letters from Terry Haymaker. But, now you have that.
                THE COURT: We should have all of them. Um, I think any, anywhere where it said
                letter, the actual letter was there.
                [Father’s Counsel]: Will be in the file.
                THE COURT: I think so.
                [Father’s Counsel]: Great.
       Tr. Vol. II p. 21.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-JP-919 | August 31, 2020                     Page 8 of 10
       v. Bus. Press, Inc., 516 N.E.2d 88, 91 (Ind. Ct. App. 1987) (providing that extra-

       judicial declarations are hearsay and are not admissible). As such, we will not

       consider these letters as proof of the content of the 1996 letters. See generally

       Kline, 516 N.E.2d at 91 (providing that when considering a motion to correct

       error, it is proper to ignore evidence that is not admissible). Father has failed to

       point to any admissible evidence to rebut the “presumption of correctness”

       surrounding the trial court’s determination that the letters were not requests to

       modify his child-support obligation. See Page, 849 N.E.2d at 771. Father,

       therefore, has failed to meet his burden of proving that the trial court abused its

       discretion in this regard. Id.



                                                  Conclusion
[14]   Because we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in rejecting

       Father’s assertion that the 1993 and 1996 letters should have been treated as

       requests to modify his child-support obligation, we further conclude that the

       trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Father’s motion to correct

       error.3


[15]   The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.




       3
        Father raises a secondary argument that the trial court abused its discretion in denying his request to modify
       his child-support obligation retroactive back to 1993. This secondary argument, however, is based on the
       assumption “that the Court accepts [his] letters as a petition to modify child support.” Appellant’s Br. p. 13.
       Given our conclusions above, we need not consider Father’s secondary argument as nothing in the record
       would support such a modification.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-JP-919 | August 31, 2020                    Page 9 of 10
Najam, J., and Mathias, J., concur.




Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 20A-JP-919 | August 31, 2020   Page 10 of 10
