             If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
                  revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.




                           STATE OF MICHIGAN

                            COURT OF APPEALS


    PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,                                   UNPUBLISHED
                                                                       February 27, 2020
                Plaintiff-Appellee,

    v                                                                  No. 347349
                                                                       Shiawassee Circuit Court
    MICHAEL BRIAN EDICK,                                               LC No. 2018-002369-FH

                Defendant-Appellant.


Before: BORRELLO, P.J., and METER and RIORDAN, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

        Defendant appeals by leave granted1 from his conviction after a guilty plea to attempted
assault with intent to do great bodily harm less than murder/assault by strangulation (attempted
AIGBH), MCL 750.84. Defendant does not challenge his conviction on appeal, but rather argues
that the trial court erred by scoring Offense Variable 7 (OV 7) at 50 points en route to sentencing
defendant, as a second-offense habitual offender, MCL 769.10, to a prison term of 47 to 90 months.
We affirm.

        The relevant victim in this case, defendant’s girlfriend at the time, shared a room with
defendant in a house with multiple tenants. The girlfriend testified that she was sleeping in the
room while defendant was at a friend’s house and awoke to defendant holding his hands around
her throat and choking her. The girlfriend gave a statement that defendant was yelling at her and
attempted to strangle her three times. The girlfriend tried to get defendant to stop by waving her
arms and yelling, but she eventually lost consciousness. The next thing the girlfriend remembered
was waking up in a rocking chair and talking with a police officer.

        Another tenant at the home heard the altercation and tried to intervene. The tenant testified
that he and defendant scuffled briefly and then fell down the stairs; the tenant suffered a dislocated
shoulder in the fall and also had a laceration to his head. A bloody box cutter was found at the


1
 People v Edick, unpublished order of the Court of Appeals, entered March 1, 2019 (Docket No.
347349).


                                                 -1-
scene, but the record is unclear whether the tenant suffered the laceration as a result of the fall or
as a result of an attack with the box cutter. After the fall, defendant returned to his bedroom with
the victim. The tenant testified that he hid in a different room and called for emergency services.
The tenant did not see defendant again until the police arrived, but heard more yelling.

         Defendant pleaded guilty to one count of attempted AIGBH for his attack on his girlfriend.2
For his part, defendant admitted choking his girlfriend, but stated, “I wasn’t aware that I was
harming her until I recognized that I was.” At the sentencing hearing, the parties disputed whether
the trial court should score OV 7 at 50 points for excessively brutal conduct or conduct designed
to prolong the victim’s anxiety or fear. The trial court ultimately assigned 50 points for OV 7,
indicating that defendant’s conduct was excessively brutal and was designed to increase the
victim’s fear. This appeal followed.

        On appeal, defendant argues only that the trial court erred by scoring OV 7 at 50 points.
The proper interpretation and application of the sentencing guidelines is a legal question that this
Court reviews de novo. People v Morson, 471 Mich 248, 255; 685 NW2d 203 (2004). “Under
the sentencing guidelines, the circuit court’s factual determinations are reviewed for clear error
and must be supported by a preponderance of the evidence.” People v Hardy, 494 Mich 430, 438;
835 NW2d 340 (2013). “Clear error exists when the reviewing court is left with a definite and
firm conviction that a mistake was made.” People v Lampe, 327 Mich App 104, 111; 933 NW2d
314 (2019) (internal citation and quotation marks omitted). “Whether the facts, as found, are
adequate to satisfy the scoring conditions prescribed by statute, i.e., the application of the facts to
the law, is a question of statutory interpretation which an appellate court reviews de novo.” Hardy,
494 Mich at 438.

        OV 7 scores for “aggravated physical abuse.” MCL 777.37(1). Scoring under this OV is
bifurcated: the trial court should score OV 7 at 50 points if a “victim was treated with sadism,
torture, excessive brutality, or similarly egregious conduct designed to substantially increase the
fear and anxiety a victim suffered during the offense”; conversely, a zero-point score indicates that
these factors were not present. MCL 777.37(1)(a),(b). As relevant here, “excessive brutality” and
“conduct designed to substantially increase the fear and anxiety a victim suffered” are distinct
avenues for scoring OV 7. People v Walker, ___ Mich App ___, ___; ___ NW2d ___ (2019)
(Docket No. 343844); slip op at 6. “In other words, if a defendant treated a victim with excessive
brutality, 50 points should be scored under OV 7 even if the defendant did not intend to
substantially increase the victim’s fear and anxiety.” Id.

       Excessive brutality refers to “savagery or cruelty beyond even the ‘usual’ brutality of a
crime.” People v Glenn, 295 Mich App 529, 533; 814 NW2d 686 (2012), rev’d on other grounds
sub nom Hardy, 494 Mich 441-442. In this case, the defendant attacked the victim on three
occasions,3 repeatedly yelled at her, and refused to ignore her attempts to cause him to cease the


2
    Defendant was also charged for his assault on the tenant, but that charge was dropped.
3
 Defendant appears to argue that the trial court violated his right to due process by relying on the
victim’s statement that defendant attempted to choke her three times, because this statement was
not made at the time of defendant’s plea. Defendant, however, has not adequately briefed this


                                                 -2-
attack. Although the victim’s recollection of the events was somewhat hazy, a reasonable
inference from the record is that the neighbor tenant interrupted the attack. Defendant, however,
would not relent and, after he had finished choking the tenant and possibly attacking him with a
knife, resumed his attack on the victim, not ceasing until she lost consciousness. This conduct
indicates an unrelenting lust for violence far beyond what would be sufficient to commit the
charged act. Accordingly, we are not left with a definite and firm conviction that the trial court
erred by scoring OV 7 at 50 points for excessive brutality.4

       Affirmed.



                                                            /s/ Stephen L. Borrello
                                                            /s/ Patrick M. Meter
                                                            /s/ Michael J. Riordan




issue to warrant our consideration of it; moreover, defendant failed to include this due-process
issue in his statement of questions presented. Accordingly, to the extent that defendant has
attempted to raise this issue, he has abandoned it. People v Payne, 285 Mich App 181, 195; 774
NW2d 714 (2009); People v Miller, 326 Mich App 719, 739; 929 NW2d 821 (2019); MCR
7.212(C)(5).
4
 Given this conclusion, we need not address the trial court’s alternate finding that defendant’s
conduct was designed to substantially increase the victim’s fear.

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