                           This opinion will be unpublished and
                           may not be cited except as provided by
                           Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2012).

                                STATE OF MINNESOTA
                                IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                      A13-1893

                                    BVA Equities, LLC,
                                        Relator,

                                             vs.

                                     City of New Hope,
                                        Respondent.

                                     Filed July 28, 2014
                                          Affirmed
                                     Bjorkman, Judge


                                     City of New Hope
                                      File No. 13-114

James M. Susag, Susan E. Tegt, Larkin Hoffman Daly & Lindgren Ltd., Minneapolis,
Minnesota (for relator)

Mary D. Tietjen, James J. Thomson, Kennedy & Graven, Chartered, Minneapolis,
Minnesota (for respondent)

         Considered and decided by Bjorkman, Presiding Judge; Ross, Judge; and Reilly,

Judge.

                          UNPUBLISHED OPINION

BJORKMAN, Judge

         Relator property owner challenges the denial of its application for a well-drilling

permit, arguing that respondent city erroneously interpreted its well-drilling ordinance.

We affirm.
                                          FACTS

        Relator BVA Equities, LLC is a Minnesota company that owns a 24-unit

apartment complex in New Hope (the property). The building was constructed under a

building permit issued in 1972, and the property has access to the municipal water

supply.

        In June 2013, BVA applied to respondent City of New Hope for a permit to drill a

well on the property, indicating that it intends to use the well for lawn irrigation. The city

denied the permit, relying on its well-drilling ordinance, New Hope, Minn., Code of

Ordinances (N.H.C.O.) § 3-1(a)(2) (2014), which prohibits issuance of a well-drilling

permit when a proposed new well “is to be drilled to serve new building construction” in

a location where municipal water is available. The city reasoned that the apartment

building on the property is “new construction” under the general provisions of the city

code.

        BVA sought a public hearing to appeal the city’s decision. BVA argued that the

phrase “new building construction” refers to “a building that is being newly constructed,”

not a pre-existing building such as the apartment building on the property. BVA also

argued that the proposed well is intended to serve the landscaping on the property, not the

building. After a public evidentiary hearing, the city again denied the permit. This

certiorari appeal follows.

                                      DECISION

        On certiorari review of a city’s quasi-judicial decision, we will reverse or modify

the decision “only if a party’s substantial rights have been prejudiced because the


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decision exceeded the agency’s statutory authority, was made upon unlawful procedure,

was affected by other error of law, or was arbitrary or capricious.” Rostamkhani v. City

of St. Paul, 645 N.W.2d 479, 483 (Minn. App. 2002). Our review is “limited to the

evidence in the record,” and we will uphold a city’s decision so long as it has “a legal

basis demonstrated by substantial evidence.” Id.

      BVA principally challenges the city’s interpretation of its well-drilling ordinance.

We review de novo a city’s interpretation of an ordinance, applying the same rules that

govern statutory interpretation. Eagle Lake of Becker Cnty. Lake Ass’n v. Becker Cnty.

Bd. of Comm’rs, 738 N.W.2d 788, 792 (Minn. App. 2007). The object of statutory

interpretation is to ascertain and effectuate the intention of the legislature. Minn. Stat.

§ 645.16 (2012). “To determine the meaning of a statute, we look first and foremost to

the language of the statute itself.” Occhino v. Grover, 640 N.W.2d 357, 359 (Minn. App.

2002), review denied (Minn. May 28, 2002). Accordingly, when the legislature defines a

term or phrase, that definition controls.    See Minn. Stat. § 645.08 (2012); State v.

Leathers, 799 N.W.2d 606, 609 (Minn. 2011). We construe undefined words and phrases

according to their common and approved usage. See Urban ex. rel. Urban v. Am. Legion

Post 184, 695 N.W.2d 153, 159 (Minn. App. 2005), aff’d, 723 N.W.2d 1 (2006); see also

Occhino, 640 N.W.2d at 359 (stating that reliance on plain meaning of statutory words

“presupposes the ordinary usage of words that are not technically used or statutorily

defined”). When the text of a law is unambiguous, we apply the plain meaning of the

statutory language without engaging in any further construction. State v. Barrientos, 837

N.W.2d 294, 298 (Minn. 2013).


                                            3
       At issue here is whether the proposed well would “serve new building

construction.” See N.H.C.O. § 3-1(a)(2)a. The well-drilling ordinance does not define

the phrase “new building construction.” BVA argues that the apartment building is not

“new building construction” because it “received a building permit and certificate of

occupancy over forty years ago.” Absent any other indication in the code as to what the

city means by “new,” BVA’s interpretation might be reasonable. See The American

Heritage Dictionary 1186 (5th ed. 2011) (defining “new” as “[h]aving been made or

come into being only a short time ago” or “[d]ifferent from the former or the old”). That

is not the case here. The general code provisions define “new construction” as any

“building or structure constructed under a building permit issued after April 21, 1960.”

N.H.C.O. § 1-2 (emphasis added).       Because “new construction” encompasses “new

building construction,” and the apartment building on the property was built after 1960, it

is “new building construction.”

       BVA contends that the city erred by relying on the definition of “new

construction” in interpreting the phrase “new building construction.” We disagree. The

definition of “new construction” applies to all provisions of the code unless it directly

conflicts with a specific definition provided in a particular context. N.H.C.O. §§ 1-2,

1-3(b). The code does not offer any other, let alone a conflicting, definition for the

phrase “new building construction.” Because the city clearly defined the phrase, we will

apply that definition without resorting to further construction.     See Barrientos, 837

N.W.2d at 298; Leathers, 799 N.W.2d at 609.




                                            4
       BVA also asserts that the proposed well would serve landscaping needs, not the

apartment building, and therefore is not subject to the limitation in the well-drilling

ordinance. We are not persuaded. BVA’s suggestion that we should divorce landscaping

from the building it enhances is a tenuous proposition, at best. And here, where BVA

acknowledges that improving the landscaping is part of its plan to attract renters to its

apartment building, such a proposition is contrary to the record evidence.

       Finally, BVA argues that the city acted arbitrarily and capriciously in denying its

request for a well-drilling permit because the city failed to consider the effect that its

interpretation would have on the drilling of any new wells in the future and relied on

factors not intended at the time the well-drilling ordinance was drafted.                See

Rostamkhani, 645 N.W.2d at 484 (stating that a decision is arbitrary and capricious if it

relies on factors not intended by the ordinance or entirely fails to consider an important

aspect of the issue). Both arguments are belied by the uncontroverted evidence that the

city adopted the current version of the well-drilling ordinance precisely because it did not

want any new wells to be drilled, reasoning that requiring property owners to rely

exclusively on the municipal water supply would protect the groundwater. The city’s

policy decision may supplement or even duplicate other groundwater protections, as

BVA asserts, but it is not arbitrary, capricious, or absurd.

       In sum, we conclude that the city’s determination that the proposed well would

“serve new building construction” finds ample support in the law and the record.

Accordingly, the city did not err by denying BVA’s request for a well-drilling permit.

       Affirmed.


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