                  James Carroll PILLOW, Jr., Michael R. Seward, Plaintiffs-Appellants,

                                                     v.

                        BECHTEL CONSTRUCTION, INC., Defendant-Appellee.

                                               No. 98-4217.

                                      United States Court of Appeals,

                                             Eleventh Circuit.

                                               Jan. 28, 2000.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. (No. 97-03322-CIV-JLK),
James Lawrence King, Judge.

Before EDMONDSON and BARKETT, Circuit Judges, and COHILL*, Senior District Judge.

        PER CURIAM:

        Plaintiffs filed a complaint seeking interest on the damages which they received from Defendant

pursuant to a settlement agreement which was approved by the Secretary of Labor. The district court

dismissed the complaint for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. We affirm.

                                             BACKGROUND

        Over a decade ago, James Pillow, with the assistance of his attorney Michael Seward, brought an

administrative action against Bechtel Construction pursuant to the employee protection ("whistleblower")

provisions of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 ("ERA"), 42 U.S.C. § 5851. In 1993, the Secretary of

Labor ("Secretary") found that Bechtel violated the statute's whistleblower provisions and remanded the

action to an administrative law judge ("ALJ") for a hearing on damages. At the resulting hearing, the parties

announced that they had reached a settlement on all remanded issues. The parties did not submit a written

settlement agreement, but instead relied upon statements made on the record to encompass the entire

agreement.




   *
     Honorable Maurice B. Cohill, Jr., Senior U.S. District Judge for the Western District of Pennsylvania,
sitting by designation.
        The parties agreed that Bechtel would pay $25,000 in back pay and interest to Pillow, $25,000 in

compensatory damages to Pillow, and $250,000 in attorney's fees to Seward. And, the parties expressly

agreed that the settlement did not cover the issue of liability and would not prejudice Bechtel's right to appeal

that issue to us. Although noting that the disparity between Pillow's recovery and Seward's fee was

considerable, the ALJ said that he did not consider the attorney's fee excessive, particularly given Bechtel's

acceptance of the negotiated amount. The ALJ recommended that the agreement be accepted by the

Secretary.

        Shortly after the hearing, Pillow submitted a letter to the Secretary of Labor requesting that the

Secretary double the amount that he was to receive pursuant to the settlement. Because of the letter, the

Secretary wrote "there appears not to be consent of all parties to the settlement terms addressed at the hearing

on remand. Accordingly, I will order the parties to submit [within 60 days] a written settlement agreement

signed by [Pillow, Seward, and Bechtel]."

        The parties submitted a written, signed stipulation that provided for the same terms as outlined at the

hearing. In 1994, the Secretary approved and adopted the stipulated amounts of backpay and interest,

compensatory damages, costs and attorney's fees. He used these words:

        [A]bsent judicial review or if a reviewing court affirms that Bechtel is liable, it is ordered that:

        1. Respondent Bechtel Construction, Inc. will pay Complainant James Carroll Pillow, Jr., back pay
        and interest in the amount of $25,000, and compensatory damages in the amount of $25,000, for a
        total sum of $50,000.

        2. Respondent will pay attorney Michael R. Seward the sum of $250,000.

        We affirmed the Secretary's determination that Bechtel had violated the ERA. See Bechtel

Construction v. Secretary of Labor, 98 F.3d 1351 (11th Cir.1996).

        Shortly thereafter, Pillow and Seward filed with the Department of Labor an emergency motion

seeking an order compelling Bechtel to pay immediately the $300,000 as partial payment of the award.

Bechtel responded that the only reason that it had not paid the $300,000 was that "Pillow has told us he would



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not accept anything less than $365,000, else he would engage [Bechtel] in additional litigation." Pillow and

Seward claimed that interest had accrued on the $300,000 during the pendency of the appeal and that they

were now entitled to $365,000. Bechtel disagreed and believed that the payment of $300,000 would satisfy

its obligation.

        In 1997, Bechtel was ordered to pay $300,000 then to Pillow and Seward; and the parties were

instructed to submit documents relevant to the subject of interest and a brief on the issue. In its brief, Bechtel

argued that, because a final order of the Secretary of Labor was at issue, 42 U.S.C. § 5851(e) provided that

the United States District Court—and not the Administrative Review Board ("ARB")—had jurisdiction over

the matter.1 The ARB agreed and stated that, once a final decision has been issued, the ARB lacks

jurisdiction over a dispute about the proper interpretation of a settlement agreement.

        Plaintiffs then filed a complaint in district court seeking an award of interest from the time that the

settlement agreement was announced until the time we affirmed the Secretary's finding that Bechtel was

liable. Bechtel filed a motion to dismiss, claiming that the district court lacked subject matter jurisdiction

over the controversy and contending that "Plaintiffs have sued Bechtel pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 5851, where

the jurisdiction of this [c]ourt is limited to the enforcement of orders issued by the Secretary of Labor. Here,

the Plaintiffs have sued for something never ordered by the Secretary. Thus, the complaint must be

dismissed." Bechtel said that the order from the Secretary required Bechtel to pay $300,000 and did not

mention post-award interest. As it was not disputed that Bechtel had already paid the $300,000, no

enforcement was necessary: the district court did not have jurisdiction. Plaintiffs never responded to

Bechtel's motion to dismiss.




    1
    Section 5851(e)(1) says "Any person on whose behalf an order was issued [by the Secretary]... may
commence a civil action against the person to whom such order was issued to require compliance with such
order. The appropriate United States district court shall have jurisdiction, without regard to the amount in
controversy or the citizenship of the parties, to enforce such order."

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         The district court granted Bechtel's motion, saying that, because Defendant paid the full amount

ordered by the Secretary of Labor and "[b]ecause the Secretary's order in this case makes no provision for

the post-judgment interest Plaintiffs seek, this Court does not have jurisdiction to hear Plaintiffs' claim."

                                                 DISCUSSION

         We review the dismissal of an action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction de novo. See Parise v.

Delta Airlines, Inc., 141 F.3d 1463, 1465 (11th Cir.1998).

         On appeal, Plaintiffs raise two arguments. The essence of Plaintiffs' first argument is that the parties

had always "understood" that, during the pendency of any appeal, interest was to accrue on the amount the

Secretary ordered that Bechtel pay Plaintiffs. Thus, when the Secretary "approved and adopted" their

settlement agreement, the "understanding" about interest became part of the Secretary's order. Therefore, the

district court, according to Plaintiffs, had jurisdiction over the complaint: it was an action to enforce an order

of the Secretary.

         We reject Plaintiffs' first argument. After the November 1993 hearing, the Secretary, to ensure that

all parties consented to the terms of the settlement, required the parties to submit a written settlement

agreement signed by—and binding on—the parties. Plaintiffs admit that this writing, which provided for the

same terms that the parties had agreed to at the hearing and was the basis for the Secretary's order, did not

mention post-award interest. And, the order itself makes no provision for post-award interest. The Secretary

only explicitly approved, adopted, and ordered the payment of the stipulated amounts of backpay and interest,

compensatory damages, costs and attorney's fees. Bechtel complied with this order. Neither the settlement

agreement nor the Secretary's order made a provision for post-award interest. Plaintiffs' first argument,

therefore, fails.

         Plaintiffs' second argument is that post-award interest accrues as a matter of law on agency awards:

it is inherently part of a Secretary's order, and the district court has jurisdiction to enforce the order of the

Secretary.



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        This argument must fail as well. Plaintiffs do not cite to—nor have we found—statutory or

regulatory authority for the proposition that a final order by the Secretary of Labor which awards damages

(but says nothing about post-award interest) to a Plaintiff automatically accrues post-award interest as a

matter of law. Plaintiffs mistakenly rely on cases construing 28 U.S.C. § 1961(a), which provides for

post-judgment interest on any "money judgment in a civil case recovered in a district court." Section 1961,

by its own terms, is inapplicable in this case: no recovery of a money judgment in a district court is involved.

See Hobbs v. Director, Office of Workers Compensation Programs, 820 F.2d 1528, 1531 (9th Cir.1987)

(stating that Section 1961 is limited to money judgments in civil cases recovered in a district court and does

not extend to agency awards); Gulf Oil Corp. v. Federal Power Comm'n, 563 F.2d 588, 610 (3d Cir.1977)

(stating that Section 1961 applies by its terms only to civil cases in the district courts).

        By the way, not only do Plaintiffs fail to cite to statutory or regulatory authority for post-award

interest, they do not cite to—nor have we found—a final order or ruling by the Secretary of Labor which says

that post-award interest accrues as a matter of law on agency awards. We conclude that post-award interest

does not innately arise from a money award such as the one ordered by the Secretary in this case.

        Bechtel has complied with the terms of the Secretary's order. So, no enforcement of an order of the

Secretary was necessary. Therefore, the order of the district court dismissing this action for lack of subject

matter jurisdiction is AFFIRMED.

        AFFIRMED.




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