                     NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
 UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                 AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.




                                    IN THE
             ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
                                DIVISION ONE


                         CARRAGANE C., Appellant,

                                        v.

           DEPARTMENT OF CHILD SAFETY, A.C., Appellees.

                             No. 1 CA-JV 16-0281
                               FILED 2-7-2017


           Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
                             No. JD31172
             The Honorable Sally Schneider Duncan, Judge

                                  AFFIRMED


                                   COUNSEL

Czop Law Firm, PLLC, Higley
By Steven Czop
Counsel for Appellant

Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Phoenix
By JoAnn Falgout
Counsel for Appellees
                       CARRAGANE C. v. DCS, A.C.
                          Decision of the Court



                       MEMORANDUM DECISION

Presiding Judge Samuel A. Thumma delivered the decision of the Court, in
which Chief Judge Michael J. Brown and Judge Patricia A. Orozco joined.1


T H U M M A, Judge:

¶1           Carragane C. (Mother) appeals from the superior court’s
order adjudicating her daughter A.C. dependent as to Mother. Because
Mother has shown no reversible error, the order is affirmed.

                 FACTS2 AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2            Mother was born in 2000 and at all times relevant here has
been a dependent child as to her mother and A.C.’s grandmother
(Grandmother). In December 2014, when Mother was 14 years old and
living in a group home, she gave birth to A.C. In August 2015, the
Department of Child Safety (DCS) took A.C. into care and filed a
dependency petition, claiming Mother neglected A.C. and had been
physically aggressive toward another child. See Ariz. Rev. Stat. (A.R.S.) § 8-
201(15) (2016).3

¶3           During the months that followed, a family reunification team
was expedited, and for a time, A.C., Mother and Grandmother lived
together. By May 2016, however, that placement disrupted, Mother moved
out of Grandmother’s home and Grandmother was A.C.’s placement.

¶4           At a mid-2016 contested dependency adjudication, after DCS
rested, Mother elected to testify on her own behalf. When called by her


1The Honorable Patricia A. Orozco, Retired Judge of the Court of Appeals,
Division One, has been authorized to sit in this matter pursuant to Article
VI, Section 3 of the Arizona Constitution.

2This court views the evidence in a light most favorable to sustaining the
superior court’s findings. See Manuel M. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 218 Ariz.
205, 207 ¶ 2 (App. 2008).

3Absent material revisions after the relevant dates, statutes and rules cited
refer to the current version unless otherwise indicated.


                                       2
                        CARRAGANE C. v. DCS, A.C.
                           Decision of the Court

attorney as a witness, Mother’s guardian ad litem (GAL) “absolutely”
agreed that it was in Mother’s “best interests to not only have a trial but to
testify.” Mother then testified on direct examination, apparently with
Grandmother in the courtroom, without incident for a time. After Mother’s
attorney and Mother’s GAL then conferred, Mother’s attorney stated
“Judge, at this point in time I think it would be best to request that the rest
of the hearing be closed . . . I do think that it’s in the child’s best interest in
order for that to take place.”

¶5            Although the transcript is somewhat unclear, DCS’ attorney
apparently responded that, to be proper, such a request needed to be more
specific and supported “with something.” The superior court stated a
reluctance “to closing a courtroom unless I can make a legal good cause
finding,” adding that any “discussion that’s going to be directed at
[Grandmother] . . . is not really terribly relevant right now to the
dependency issues.” Mother’s attorney responded that “I don’t believe that
my client is able to testify freely with persons in the courtroom. And I think
that affects her ability to present her case.” A.C.’s GAL stated that, as
placement, Grandmother “has an absolute right to be in here,” with the
court then noting “she is placement. And I wouldn’t be able to preclude her
from being present anyway. So your request is noted for the record and
overruled.”

¶6            After Mother completed her direct examination, and DCS
completed its cross-examination, Mother’s GAL stated she was “going to
join the request . . . that the proceedings be closed so that this child, who is
15 years old, can testify freely,” noting that “the Court’s already ruled.”
Mother’s GAL stated “I don’t think it’s in her best interests to be in a
position to testify when she’s in a courtroom with” Grandmother, adding
additional argument and concluding “[s]o that’s my record.” After
addressing the issues raised by Mother’s GAL, the superior court stated it
was “mindful of the conflict that exists [between Mother and
Grandmother], but the objection is noted for the record and overruled.”
Mother’s GAL then cross-examined Mother without objection or apparent
incident, Mother’s attorney conducted redirect and the parties presented
closing argument. Ruling from the bench, the court found DCS had met its
evidentiary burden and found A.C. dependent as to Mother, adopted a
family reunification case plan, addressed services and scheduled a report
and review hearing.

¶7         This court has jurisdiction over Mother’s timely appeal of the
dependency finding pursuant to Article 6, Section 9, of the Arizona



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                       CARRAGANE C. v. DCS, A.C.
                          Decision of the Court

Constitution and A.R.S. § 8-235(A), 12-2101(A) and 12-120.21(A) and Ariz.
R.P. Juv. Ct. (Rule) 103-04.

                                DISCUSSION

I.     The Superior Court Did Not Err In Denying The Requests To
       Close The Dependency Trial.

¶8             Mother argues the superior court erred in denying the
requests, made by her attorney and GAL, to close the dependency trial.
Mother concedes that this court reviews that decision for an abuse of
discretion. See Willie G. v. Ariz. Dep’t. of Econ. Sec., 211 Ariz. 235, 238 ¶ 13
(App. 2005). Although Mother cites various legal authorities in pressing this
argument on appeal, as discussed above, she failed to do so before the
superior court. Accordingly, Mother may be deemed to have waived the
issue by failing to timely cite to the superior court authority supporting the
requests. See Louis C. v. Dep’t of Child Safety, 237 Ariz. 484, 489 ¶ 20 (App.
2015) (“[This court] generally [does] not consider issues, even constitutional
issues, raised for the first time on appeal.”) (citations omitted).

¶9            Addressing the issue on the merits, Mother is correct in
stating that Rule 58, which addresses “a proceeding to review the
disposition orders of the court,” does not apply to the trial testimony here.
Nor does Rule 55(D), which addresses the presentation of evidence at a
dependency trial generally, provide the answer. Mother is correct that Rule
41(E) affords the superior court the discretion, “[f]or good cause shown”
after considering specified factors (including the best interests of the child),
to “order any proceeding to be closed to the public.” But the individual that
Mother sought to exclude from the courtroom was Grandmother, who as
A.C.’s placement, was a “participant” under Rule 37(B). So even if the
superior court had granted Mother’s request that the trial be closed to the
public, such an order (without more) would not have excluded
Grandmother from attending as a participant.

¶10             Rule 41(C) provides that the superior court “may limit the
presence of a participant to the time of the participant’s testimony” if it
either (1) “is in the best interest of the child” or (2) “is necessary to protect
the privacy interests of the parties and will not be detrimental to the child.”
Mother did not request that the hearing be closed in any respect until after
she testified, for a time, with Grandmother present. Moreover, at no time
did Mother’s attorney or GAL cite to Rule 41(C), and Mother concedes on
appeal that the record does not show that the superior court considered
Rule 41(C). Accordingly, for this additional reason, Mother waived any



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                       CARRAGANE C. v. DCS, A.C.
                          Decision of the Court

challenge she may have had to how her testimony proceeded. See Louis C.,
237 Ariz. at 489 ¶ 20.

¶11            If Mother had timely objected and cited Rule 41(C), there is
no suggestion in the record that Mother’s request was “necessary to protect
the privacy interests of the parties,” making Rule 41(C)(2) inapplicable. It is
true that Mother’s attorney and GAL stated that it was in Mother’s best
interests to testify outside of Grandmother’s presence. And although such
an avowal may have justified the superior court granting a request, such an
avowal of counsel (without more) does not mean the superior court abused
its discretion in denying such a request. Finally, and perhaps most
importantly, Mother does not show on appeal how Grandmother’s
presence materially altered her relevant testimony. Even after the superior
court denied the requests by Mother’s attorney and GAL, both continued
with their examinations of Mother as a witness. Moreover, the court
expressly stated that the testimony that apparently caused concern about
Grandmother’s presence “is not really terribly relevant right now to the
dependency issues.” On this record, Mother has shown no reversible error.4

II.    The Superior Court Did Not Err In Finding A.C. Dependent.

¶12             Mother argues the superior court erred in finding A.C.
dependent “based on the case history and circumstances existing at the time
of the trial.” DCS had the burden to prove A.C. was dependent as to Mother
by a preponderance of the evidence, A.R.S. § 8-844(C)(1), “based upon the
circumstances existing at the time of the adjudication,” Shella H. v. Dep’t of
Child Safety, 239 Ariz. 47, 50 ¶ 12 (App. 2016). This court reviews an order
adjudicating a child dependent for an abuse of discretion, deferring to the
superior court’s ability to weigh and analyze the evidence. Louis C., 237
Ariz. at 488 ¶ 12.

¶13           Mother argues she “made substantial progress towards
reunification and resolving concerns before the dependency adjudication.”
Such progress, however, does not mandate a finding that A.C. was not
dependent as to Mother. At trial, the DCS ongoing case manager testified
that “[a]t this point in time” parenting concerns included “neglect,
[Mother’s] anger issues, some potential for physical abuse at this time.” The
reason A.C. and Mother were not living together at the time of trial was


4 Mother is correct that the superior court’s statement that, as placement, it
“wouldn’t be able to preclude [Grandmother] from being present anyway”
is inconsistent with Rule 41(C). But on this record, Mother has not shown
that inconsistency resulted in an abuse of discretion.


                                      5
                       CARRAGANE C. v. DCS, A.C.
                          Decision of the Court

Mother’s inability to care for A.C. The case manager testified that Mother
“briefly engaged with parent aide services and reunification services
briefly,” but did not successfully complete either. The caseworker added
that Mother “needs significant help in not only raising her child, parent
skills, but also regulation of her emotions. . . And the service providers feel,
as well as [DCS] . . ., that she needs help before reunifying the child with
her.” Absent those services, the caseworker agreed that A.C. “would be at
serious risk of harm.”

¶14            There was conflicting evidence at trial. But it is not the role of
this court to reweigh the trial evidence. See Jesus M. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ.
Sec., 203 Ariz. 278, 282 ¶ 12 (App.2002) (citing cases). On this record, the
superior court properly concluded that the circumstances present at the
time A.C. was removed from Mother’s care remain unresolved at the time
of trial. See Shella H., 239 Ariz. at 51 ¶ 16. Accordingly, Mother has not
shown that the superior court erred in finding A.C. was dependent as to
Mother.

                               CONCLUSION

¶15         Because Mother has shown no reversible error, the
dependency finding is affirmed.




                             AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
                             FILED: AA




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