                             UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                          MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD
                                      2015 MSPB 21

                              Docket No. SF-4324-11-0854-I-3

                                  Jeffrey L. Bostwick,
                                       Appellant,
                                            v.
                              Department of Agriculture,
                                         Agency.
                                    February 25, 2015


           David Fallon, Esquire, and Michael W. Macomber, Esquire, Albany, New
             York, for the appellant.

           Jerry Garcia, Albuquerque, New Mexico, for the agency.

                                        BEFORE

                             Susan Tsui Grundmann, Chairman
                             Anne M. Wagner, Vice Chairman
                                Mark A. Robbins, Member



                                 OPINION AND ORDER

¶1         The appellant petitions for review of an initial decision that denied his
     request for corrective action under the Uniformed Services Employment and
     Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 (USERRA). For the following reasons, we
     DENY the appellant’s petition for review and AFFIRM the initial decision AS
     MODIFIED by this Opinion and Order, still DENYING corrective action. We
     MODIFY the initial decision by providing a different rationale for the denial of
     corrective action.
                                                                                           2

                                       BACKGROUND
¶2         The appellant served as a Supervisory Forestry Technician with the
     Department of Agriculture’s Forest Service (agency) during the time relevant to
     this appeal. MSPB Docket No. SF-4324-11-0854-I-1, Initial Appeal File (IAF-1),
     Tab 1. During this time, the appellant also served in the U.S. Army Reserve and
     was deployed for active duty between January 2009 and July 2011.                 MSPB
     Docket No. SF-4324-11-0854-I-3, Initial Appeal File (IAF-3), Tab 16 at 48
     (appellant’s DD-214). Upon his return from active duty, the appellant sought a
     transfer to a different federal agency, which was granted. 1 IAF-3, Tab 23, Initial
     Decision (ID) at 3 (citing hearing testimony).        The agency issued a Standard
     Form (SF) 50 effective July 3, 2011, effectuating the appellant’s return to duty
     under 5 C.F.R. Part 353 and thereafter issued another SF-50 effective July 17,
     2011, transferring him to another federal agency. MSPB Docket No. SF-4324-11-
     0854-I-2, Initial Appeal File (IAF-2), Tab 13 at 13-15.
¶3         After transferring to his new position, however, the appellant’s new
     employer determined that he did not qualify for special retirement eligibility
     coverage under 5 C.F.R. §§ 842.801, et seq. 2 ID at 4. After engaging in a series
     of conversations with employees from both the agency and his new employer, the
     appellant alleges that he requested restoration to his prior position with the
     agency, which was denied, and he thereafter filed the instant USERRA appeal
     alleging, among other things, that he had been denied restoration to employment.
     IAF-1, Tab 1.     The administrative judge held a hearing and issued an initial
     decision denying corrective action, finding that the appellant failed to prove that


     1
      The record below reflects that the appellant returned from military service overseas in
     February 2011, but was not honorably discharged until Ju ly of that year. See IAF-3,
     Tab 16 at 48.
     2
        The appellant served as a firefighter with the agency and qualified for special
     retirement eligibility coverage under 5 U.S.C. § 8412. ID at 4.
                                                                                          3

     he made a request for reemployment with the agency. ID at 10-13. In reaching
     this conclusion, the administrative judge assessed the credibility of several
     witnesses and determined that the agency’s witnesses credibly testified that the
     appellant never requested reemployment. ID at 10-11. In her initial decision, the
     administrative judge also found that the appellant was eligible to request
     reemployment with the agency after it effected his transfer to his new position
     because the USERRA “regulations do not speak to the issue of whether an
     employee can be reemployed multiple times during the timeframe for requesting
     reemployment,” provided that the successive requests for reemployment are made
     within the applicable timeframe. ID at 9 n.10.
¶4         The appellant has filed a petition for review arguing that the administrative
     judge erred in denying his request for corrective action, citing, among other
     things, flawed credibility and factual findings. Petition for Review (PFR) File,
     Tab 5 at 14-20. The agency has filed a response in opposition to the petition for
     review. 3 PFR File, Tab 8.

                                          ANALYSIS
¶5         There are two types of cases that arise under USERRA: (1) reemployment
     cases, in which an appellant claims that an agency has not met its obligations
     under 38 U.S.C. §§ 4312-4318 following the appellant’s absence from civilian
     employment to perform uniformed service; and (2) discrimination cases, in which
     the appellant claims that an agency has committed one of seven actions that are
     prohibited if motivated by one of nine enumerated reasons, as set forth in
     38 U.S.C. § 4311(a) and (b). Erlendson v. Department of Justice, 121 M.S.P.R.
     441, ¶ 5 (2014).      Regarding an employee’s right to reemployment under

     3
       The appellant has filed a request for an extension of time to file a reply. PFR File,
     Tab 11. Based on the nature of our decision denying the appellant’s request for
     corrective action, the appellant’s motion for an extension of time to file a reply is
     DENIED.
                                                                                        4

     USERRA, section 4312 provides that an employee is entitled to reemployment if
     the cumulative length of his service-related absences due to military service does
     not exceed 5 years, not counting excepted service periods. See Erickson v. U.S.
     Postal Service, 571 F.3d 1364, 1370 (Fed. Cir. 2009). Section 4312 also requires
     an employee to provide timely notification to his employer of his intention to
     return to work. In a case such as this, where the appellant was absent from his
     civilian position for more than 180 days due to military service, the appellant
     must submit an application for reemployment not later than 90 days after
     completing his military service. 38 U.S.C. § 4312(e)(1)(D); Erickson, 571 F.3d
     at 1370.
¶6         The administrative judge denied the appellant’s request for corrective
     action on the basis that he failed to establish that he requested reemployment with
     the agency after he was transferred to his new position with another employer.
     ID at 10-13. Upon our review of the record, however, we find that, regardless of
     whether the appellant requested reemployment with the agency following his
     transfer, the agency satisfied its statutory obligation to reemploy the appellant
     following his military service when it returned him to duty on July 3, 2011.
     IAF-2, Tab 13 at 13. For the reasons that follow, because the agency restored the
     appellant to his prior position of employment following his military service, we
     find that it satisfied its restoration obligation under USERRA and therefore deny
     the appellant’s request for corrective action.
¶7         In reaching her decision, the administrative judge concluded that USERRA
     permits an employee to make multiple requests for reemployment during the
     applicable time period. ID at 9 n.10. We find, however, that requiring an agency
     to reemploy an individual after he has been returned to duty following military
     service but voluntarily transfers out of that agency is not supported by the express
     language or purpose of USERRA’s reemployment guarantee.
¶8         The interpretation of a statute begins with the language of the statute itself.
     Resnick v. Office of Personnel Management, 120 M.S.P.R. 356, ¶ 7 (2013). If the
                                                                                    5

     language provides a clear answer, the inquiry ends, and the plain meaning of the
     statute will be regarded as conclusive. Id. Under 38 U.S.C. § 4312(a)(3), any
     person whose absence from a position of employment is “necessitated by reason
     of service in the uniformed service” shall be entitled to the reemployment rights
     of 38 U.S.C. chapter 43 if, among other things, the person submits an application
     for reemployment to such employer in accordance with the provisions of
     38 U.S.C. § 4312(e).     Section 4312(e)(1), in turn, provides that an eligible
     person, “upon completion of a period of service in the uniformed service,” shall
     notify the employer of the person’s intent to return to a position of employment
     with the employer. Similarly, 38 U.S.C. § 4313(a), which addresses the position
     to which a person is entitled upon reemployment, provides that a person entitled
     to reemployment under section 4312 “upon completion of a period of service in
     the uniformed services” shall be promptly reemployed in a position of
     employment. These provisions make clear that the absence from a position of
     employment must be necessitated by reason of service in the uniformed service,
     not by employment with another federal agency, and that a person’s notification
     of intent to return must happen upon completion of a period of service in the
     uniformed service, not upon completion of such service and additional service
     with another federal agency.    See Francis v. Booz, Allen & Hamilton, Inc.,
     452 F.3d 299, 303-04 (4th Cir. 2006) (sections 4312 and 4313 apply “only at the
     instant of reemployment”; under USERRA’s comprehensive scheme, section 4312
     only provides for immediate reemployment and does not prevent termination the
     next day or even later the same day; the apparent harshness of this result is
     addressed by sections 4311 and 4316, which prohibit discrimination after
     reemployment and protect covered individuals from dismissal except for cause
     for a period of time).
¶9         Moreover, Congress enacted USERRA in order to eliminate disadvantages
     in civilian employment resulting from military service, not to extend to veterans
     greater employment rights in general.   Bodus v. Department of the Air Force,
                                                                                           6

      82 M.S.P.R. 508, ¶ 13 (1999). One of the purposes of USERRA is to “minimize
      the disruption to the lives of persons performing service in the uniformed services
      . . . by providing for the prompt reemployment of such persons upon their
      completion of such service.”      38 U.S.C. § 4301(a)(2).      To achieve this goal,
      USERRA provides that an employee returning from military service of greater
      than 90 days has a qualified right to reemployment “in the position of
      employment in which [he] would have been employed if the continuous
      employment of such person with the employer had not been interrupted by such
      service” or “in the position of employment in which [he] was employed on the
      date of the commencement of the service in the uniformed services.” 4 38 U.S.C.
      § 4313(a)(2)(A)-(B).
¶10         Under the facts of this case, we find that the agency satisfied its statutory
      obligation to reemploy the appellant when it returned him to duty on July 3, 2011,
      and thereafter processed his voluntary request for a transfer to another federal
      agency 2 weeks later. 5     IAF-2, Tab 13 at 13-15.        We further find that the
      appellant’s invocation of his reemployment rights seeking a return to the agency
      after his voluntary transfer to another agency took place, derives from his new
      employer’s decision finding him ineligible for special retirement eligibility
      coverage and is unrelated to his prior military service. ID at 5-6 (citing hearing
      testimony).   Accordingly, because the appellant is not challenging a denial of
      reemployment following military service but rather is seeking to undo a voluntary
      transfer, which he was granted after he returned to duty with his prior employer,
      we find that the appellant is not entitled to corrective action under USERRA. Cf.
      Pittman v. Department of Justice, 486 F.3d 1276, 1280 (Fed. Cir. 2007) (finding


      4
        There are conditions and exceptions to these provisions which are not implicated in
      this case. See 38 U.S.C. § 4313(a)(2).
      5
       The agency granted the appellant military leave during the interven ing 2-week period.
      IAF-2, Tab 6 at 55; ID at 4.
                                                                                           7

      that because the employee “was reemployed . . . [he] received the full protections
      of his reemployment benefit under section 4312(a)”); Francis, 452 F.3d at 304-05
      (discussing USERRA’s “functionally discrete” provisions and holding that
      section 4312 “only entitled a service person to immediate reemployment”)
      (citation and quotation omitted).
¶11         Because the agency granted the appellant’s reemployment rights under
      USERRA by restoring him to duty effective July 3, 2011, we AFFIRM AS
      MODIFIED the administrative judge’s denial of corrective action. 6

                                             ORDER
¶12         This is the final decision of the Merit Systems Protection Board in this
      appeal. Title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations, section 1201.113(c) (5 C.F.R.
      § 1201.113(c)).

                        NOTICE TO THE APPELLANT REGARDING
                           YOUR FURTHER REVIEW RIGHTS
            You have the right to request review of this final decision by the United
      States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. You must submit your request to
      the court at the following address:




      6
        The Department of Labor’s USERRA regu lations do not change our analysis. Under
      20 C.F.R. § 1002.120, an “employee may seek or obtain employment with an employer
      other than the pre-service employer during the period of time within which a
      reemployment application must be made, without giving up reemployment rights with
      the pre-service employer.” We find no basis to conclude that this provision creates an
      ongoing right to reemployment with in the 90-day timeframe after the appellant has been
      restored to duty. Rather, we find that this provision preserves an employee’s right to
      request reemployment from a pre-service employer in the event that the employee
      seeks, or obtains, employment with another employer before making a request for
      reemployment with the pre-service employer during the applicable time frame. As
      detailed above, those are not the facts of this case.
                                                                                  8

                           United States Court of Appeals
                               for the Federal Circuit
                             717 Madison Place, N.W.
                              Washington, DC 20439
         The court must receive your request for review no later than 60 calendar
days after the date of this order. See 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(A) (as rev. eff. Dec.
27, 2012). If you choose to file, be very careful to file on time. The court has
held that normally it does not have the authority to waive this statutory deadline
and that filings that do not comply with the deadline must be dismissed. See
Pinat v. Office of Personnel Management, 931 F.2d 1544 (Fed. Cir. 1991).
         If you need further information about your right to appeal this decision to
court, you should refer to the federal law that gives you this right. It is found in
Title 5 of the United States Code, section 7703 (5 U.S.C. § 7703) (as rev. eff.
Dec. 27, 2012). You may read this law as well as other sections of the United
States     Code,    at   our   website,   http://www.mspb.gov/appeals/uscode/htm.
Additional information is available at the court's website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov.
Of particular relevance is the court's "Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and
Appellants," which is contained within the court's Rules of Practice, and Forms 5,
6, and 11.
         If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for your court
appeal, you may visit our website at http://www.mspb.gov/probono for a list of
attorneys who have expressed interest in providing pro bono representation for
Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the court. The Merit Systems
                                                                         9

Protection Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor
warrants that any attorney will accept representation in a given case.



FOR THE BOARD:


______________________________
William D. Spencer
Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.
