            `In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                          No. 18-539C
                                   (Filed: February 25, 2019)

************************************
                                            *
ANDRES CACERES-SOLARI,                      * Military Pay; Judgment on the Administrative
                                            * Record; Not Arbitrary or Capricious and In
                                            * Accordance with Law.
                                            *
                      Plaintiff,            *
                                            *
       v.                                   *
                                            *
THE UNITED STATES,                          *
                                            *
                      Defendant.            *
                                            *
************************************

                                   ORDER AND OPINION

DAMICH, Senior Judge.

       Before the Court are Defendant United States’ (“Defendant”) motion for judgment on the
administrative record and Plaintiff Andres Caceres-Solari’s (“Plaintiff”) cross-motion for
judgment on the administrative record regarding Plaintiff’s entitlement to benefits under the
Military Pay Act, 37 U.S.C. § 204(a)(1).

        In his Complaint, filed on April 13, 2018, Plaintiff alleges that he was wrongfully
discharged from the United States Marine Corps (USMC), denied pay, and denied a promotion
after he had been selected for one, as a result of proceedings conducted by the Board of
Corrections for Naval Records (BCNR) in which the BCNR upheld the findings of the Board of
Inquiry (BOI) relating to the imposition of Plaintiff’s non-judicial punishment (NJP) and
concurred in the recommendation that Plaintiff be separated from the USMC with an Honorable
characterization of service. Plaintiff argues that the findings and conclusions of the BCNR were
arbitrary and capricious in that they failed to find a deprivation of due process at the NJP and
BOI hearings, failed to consider or minimized the significance of certain evidence and expert
opinions concerning Plaintiff’s alleged Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Traumatic
Brain Injury (TBI), and failed to require the USMC to conduct a medical evaluation for PTSD
prior to separation. Thus, Plaintiff seeks: (i) payment of all wrongfully denied pay and
allowances; (ii) invalidation of the BCNR proceedings; (iii) removal of the NJP from his military
records; (iv) promotion to Lieutenant Colonel (Lt. Col.); (v) retirement at the rank of Lt. Col.;
(vi) costs and attorney’s fees; (vii) and other relief as the Court deems just and proper.
       For the reasons set forth below, the Court GRANTS Defendant’s Motion for Judgment
on the Administrative Record and DENIES Plaintiff’s Cross-Motion for the same.

    I.        FACTS/BACKGROUND

         A.     Background

        Plaintiff entered the United States Marine Corps in 1998 following graduation from
Officer Candidates School. 1 Compl. at 2. Plaintiff served two tours in Iraq: from October 2004–
April 2005 and June 2011–December 2011. During his first tour, Plaintiff witnessed numerous
disturbing events and sustained a head injury from a combat-related explosion. Plaintiff also
participated in two humanitarian assistance deployments. AR0002.

       From July 2013–May 2015, Plaintiff was assigned to the Joint Operations Center (JOC)
at Headquarters, Allied NATO Joint Forces Command (JFC) Brunssum, Netherlands (JOC
Brunssum), where he served as the Land Operations Officer and Deputy Team Leader for
Assurance Measures. AR0002. While at JOC Brunssum, Plaintiff was accused of certain
misconduct, detailed below, which lead to the imposition of a non-judicial punishment and his
eventual separation from the USMC.

        Before he was discharged, Plaintiff challenged the Marine Corps’ actions and raised
concerns of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a traumatic brain injury (TBI), which
were addressed by various military officials and boards, including: the Board of Inquiry,
AR0698–0906, the Office of the Naval Inspector General, AR0242, the Marine Corps Deputy
Commandant for Manpower and Reserve Affairs, AR0195–0198, AR0208–0211, the Assistant
Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs), AR0026–029, and the Board for
Corrections of Naval Records, AR0001–09. Ultimately, these challenges were unsuccessful, and
Plaintiff was honorably discharged from the Marine Corps on September 15, 2017 at the rank of
Major. AR0001–09; see generally, Compl.

         B.     Plaintiff’s Selection for Promotion and Allegations of Misconduct at Joint
                Operations Center, Brunssum

         On August 20, 2013, shortly after Plaintiff arrived at JOC Brunssum, the FY 2015
USMC Lieutenant Colonel Promotion Selection Board convened and selected Plaintiff for
promotion. AR0002. This promotion was to be effective in 2015; however, due to the revelation
of potentially adverse information—i.e., allegations of misconduct—Plaintiff’s promotion was
put in a delayed status. AR0002; AR0660. An inquiry into the validity of the allegations
resulted in an unofficial complaint that raised concerns of sexual harassment, conduct
unbecoming of an officer, adultery, and absence without leave. AR0002.

         C.     Command Directed Investigation into Allegations of Misconduct

         Plaintiff also received an undergraduate degree from the University of New Hampshire in 1998, an MBA
         1

from Webster University in August 2002, and a Master’s Degree in International Affairs from the Naval
Postgraduate School in June 2008.
                                                      2
         From April 20, 2015 to May 27, 2015, a Command Directed investigation (CI) into
Plaintiff’s alleged misconduct was conducted. AR0002. The CI substantiated the allegations of
sexual harassment, conduct unbecoming of an officer, dereliction of duty, indecent language,
failure to obey an order (for repeatedly confronting witnesses about their testimony in the
investigation into his alleged misconduct), wrongful interference (for wrongfully endeavoring to
influence the testimony of a witness in the investigation on one or more occasions), and giving a
false official statement (collectively “Plaintiff’s Misconduct”). AR0002. But the CI found that
the allegations of adultery, absence without leave, and disrespect to a superior commissioned
officer were unsubstantiated. AR0002.

         D.       Nonjudicial Punishment Proceedings

        On June 25, 2015, the Deputy Commander, Marine Forces Europe/Africa
(MARFOREUR/AF) notified Plaintiff of his intent to impose nonjudicial punishment (NJP)
pursuant to Article 15 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice for the allegations of misconduct
substantiated by the CI. Compl. at 4; AR0017–0021. On July 2, 2015, Plaintiff acknowledged
the NJP notification, confirmed that he had an opportunity to consult with counsel, and agreed to
accept the NJP. Compl. at 4; AR0910.

          From June 28 to July 7, 2015, Plaintiff, through counsel, made multiple requests for a
copy of the CI. AR0482–0485. On July 7, 2015, Major Andrea Goode, the Staff Judge
Advocate, replied to Plaintiff’s counsel, stating “[d]id you never get a copy [of the CI]? If not,
I’ll let him read it when he gets in.” 2 AR0485. Thereafter, Plaintiff traveled to Stuttgart,
Germany, for the NJP hearing the following day. See Compl. at 4.

       On July 8, 2015, Plaintiff arrived at the NJP hearing early in order to review the CI.
Compl. at 4. Due to mechanical issues with Major Goode’s computer, Plaintiff had
approximately one hour to review the CI. Compl. at 4. At the hearing, Plaintiff confirmed that
he understood his rights, conferred with counsel, and had an opportunity to review the CI before
accepting the NJP. AR0911–0916. Plaintiff was then found guilty of the offenses and issued a
Punitive Letter of Reprimand and forfeiture of pay which was partially suspended after appeal.
AR0915; AR0003.

         E.       Board of Inquiry Proceedings

        On July 30, 2015, the Deputy Commander, MARFOREUR/AF issued a report
recommending that Plaintiff be required to show cause for retention in the Marine Corps.
AR0917–0919. On August 7, 2015, Plaintiff acknowledged receipt of the report and apologized
for his misconduct. Compl. at 5; AR0003.

         On August 28, 2015, the Commander, USMC Command (COMMARFORCOM) directed

         2
           Plaintiff also alleges that the Chief of Staff, MARFOREUR/AR advised Plaintiff “not to make the
situation any worse than it already was,” Compl. at 4, but supports this assertion with only the hearsay testimony of
his wife who allegedly overheard the phone call in which this statement was made. See AR0599–600.
                                                          3
Plaintiff to show cause for retention at a Board of Inquiry (BOI) for substandard performance of
duty, misconduct, and moral or professional dereliction. Compl. at 5; AR0003. The specific
bases for separation alleged were Plaintiff’s failure to demonstrate acceptable qualities of
leadership required for an officer of his grade, failure to properly discharge duties expected of an
officer of his grade and experience, commission of a military offense punishable by confinement
for six months or more, and any other misconduct which would require specific intent for
conviction, including violations of the Uniform Code of Military Justice that served as the basis
for the NJP. AR0003. On September 1, 2015, Plaintiff acknowledged receipt of the notification
to show cause. Compl. at 5.

        October 20, 2015, the Board of Inquiry (BOI) was convened, where Plaintiff was
represented by counsel. AR0698. Three witnesses—US Marine Corps Colonel Travis,
Hungarian Air Force Lieutenant Colonel József Csösz, and Plaintiff’s wife, Danielle Caceres-
Solari—testified on Plaintiff’s behalf. Two witnesses—US Navy Captain Elizabeth Jackson and
US Marine Corps Lieutenant Colonel Rene Orellana—testified on behalf of the Government.
Compl. at 5. The BOI also relied on the written statements of Chief Petty Officers Doerfer and
Burns, who were unavailable to testify in-person due to a scheduled training exercise in Spain.
Compl. at 5; Pl.’s Resp. at 5.

        The BOI ultimately substantiated the alleged bases for separation and recommended, by a
two-to-one vote, that Plaintiff be separated with an honorable characterization of service.
Compl. at 5–6; AR0903–0904. The dissenting member, Lt. Col. Woodworth, concurred with the
board’s findings and recommended characterization of service but believed that Plaintiff should
be retained in the USMC. AR0003. On December 29, 2016, the BOI issued a report (the “BOI
Report”) setting forth the Board’s findings and recommendations. AR0003.

        In response to the BOI Report, Plaintiff’s counsel alleged myriad deficiencies in the CI,
the NJP hearing, and the BOI. 3 AR0003. Specifically, Plaintiff challenged the thoroughness of
the CI, challenged the veracity of witnesses, claimed he did not have an adequate opportunity to
review the investigation before accepting the NJP, alleged that he was unfairly pressured into
accepting the NJP, claimed that he was denied the ability to confront the witnesses against him at
the BOI, and asserted that the BOI’s recommendation to separate was in error. AR0003.

        On May 19, 2016, the COMMARFORCOM addressed Plaintiff’s alleged deficiencies
and concluded that the CI, NJP proceedings, and BOI were the result of an objective,
disinterested evaluation of the evidence, rather than an unreasonably favorable view of the facts
as alleged by Plaintiff and his counsel. AR0003. COMMARFORCOM also noted that the
procedural history of the case indicated that Plaintiff was afforded due process and that his
claims to the contrary were without merit. AR0003.

       F.         Plaintiff’s Request Under the Temporary Early Retirement Authority
                  Program

       On March 2, 2016, Plaintiff requested permission to retire under the Temporary Early

       3
           It is unclear to whom Plaintiff submitted this response.
                                                           4
Retirement Authority (TERA) Program. AR0003. Plaintiff acknowledged his ineligibility for
TERA based on his military occupational specialty and pending separation proceedings, but
nevertheless sought a waiver of those disqualifications. AR0003. On July 22, 2016,
Headquarters, Marine Corps (HQMC) Deputy Commandant for Manpower and Reserve Affairs
(DC (M&RA)) denied Plaintiff’s TERA request and instead recommended that Plaintiff be
separated with an Honorable characterization of service. AR0003. Although Plaintiff’s counsel
submitted additional reasons why Plaintiff should be retained, the Assistant Secretary of the
Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs) (ASN (M&RA)) approved the recommendations DC
(M&RA) on August 19, 2016 and ordered Plaintiff’s separation with an Honorable
characterization of service. AR0003–0004.

         G.       Plaintiff’s Medical Evaluations and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

        In early September 2016, after ASN (M&RA) ordered Plaintiff’s separation, but before
the separation was affected, Plaintiff sought treatment for, and was diagnosed with post-
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by a Primary Care Manager (PCM) non-psychiatric physician
at the Naval Health Clinic in Portsmouth, VA. AR0004. After the PCM referred Plaintiff for
further assessment from psychiatric services, a social worker met with Plaintiff and diagnosed
him with Reaction to Severe Stress, deferring a diagnosis of PTSD. AR0004.

       On October 13, 2016, Plaintiff underwent a psychological evaluation with Dr. Jacqueline
Bashkoff, a clinical psychologist in New York, via Facetime. AR0004. The psychologist
concluded that Plaintiff suffered from PTSD and opined, without explanation, that the
misconduct which lead to his dismissal was a “direct result” of PTSD. AR0004.

        On October 19, 2016, Plaintiff’s counsel contacted Colonel Robert Fifer, Staff Judge
Advocate, MARFORCOM and the Board for Correction of Naval Records (BCNR), raising
concerns that Plaintiff failed to receive a medical evaluation prior to separation and informing
them that Plaintiff had been recently diagnosed with PTSD. AR0408–0411. Plaintiff’s counsel
also requested a stay of the separation until the chain of command had properly considered the
PTSD diagnosis. 4 AR0410.

        On October 24, 2016, the Commander, MARFORCOM recommended that Plaintiff be
separated from the USMC with an Honorable characterization of service. Compl. at 8. On
November 14, 2016, DC (M&RA) wrote an advisory opinion to ASN (M&RA) stating that
“[d]espite Major Caceres-Solari’s recent PTSD diagnosis, and [Dr. Bashkoff’s] assertion that
such diagnosis influenced Major Caceres-Solari’s misconduct, I continue to recommend that he
be separated with an Honorable characterization of service.” AR0004; AR0208–0211. DC
(M&RA) noted that “[a]lthough they submitted more than 300 pages of materials following his
BOI, neither Major Caceres-Solari nor his military or civilian defense counsel raised the prospect
of his PTSD until after [ASN (M&RA)] approved his separation.” AR0211.

         On December 8, 2016, ASN (M&RA) concurred with the recommendation and approved

         4
           Plaintiff’s counsel also requested that Plaintiff be allowed to serve on active duty until he became eligible
for retirement. AR0408–0411.
                                                           5
Plaintiff’s separation with an Honorable characterization of service. Compl. at 9; AR0208–0211.

       H.         Office of the Naval Inspector General Responds to Plaintiff’s Allegations that
                  False Official Statements Were Given During the BOI.

        On November 2, 2016, the Office of the Naval Inspector General (NAVINSGEN)
responded to Plaintiff’s allegations that false official statements that were given during Plaintiff’s
BOI hearing and that Major Goode, the Staff Judge Advocate, acted inappropriately before and
during Plaintiff’s NJP. 5 AR0242. In this response, NAVINSGEN advised Plaintiff that: (1) the
Naval Criminal Investigative Service reviewed the allegations of a false official statement during
the BOI and declined to open a case; (2) the Inspector General for Marine Corps Matters
responded to Plaintiff on April 12, 2016 advising him on how to submit a Professional
Responsibility complaint against Maj. Goode; and (3) the matter was closed but that he may seek
further recourse from the Board for Correction of Naval Records (BCNR). AR0242.

       I.         Plaintiff’s Separation is Stayed Pending Medical Evaluation(s)

       On January 25, 2017, the BCNR solicited advisory opinions from the Commandant of the
Marine Corps and the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery regarding ASN (M&RA)’s decision to
separate Plaintiff. AR0205, AR 0206. On or about January 27, 2017, Plaintiff underwent an
MRI of the brain for a traumatic brain injury (TBI) workup, which indicated some brain damage,
and submitted those results to the separation authorities. AR0684–0687.

        On February 8, 2017, ASN (M&RA) ordered a stay of Plaintiff’s separation so that he
could be evaluated by military medical providers and agreed to reconsider whether separation
was still warranted. Compl. at 9; AR0199. On February 27, 2017, Plaintiff was evaluated by a
neurologist at the Naval Medical Clinic, Portsmouth, who found mild cognitive impairment and
a history of mild TBI (concussion). AR0688–0690. The neurologist opined that Plaintiff’s
issues “are mainly related to PTSD and other emotional issues along with pain and insomnia.”
AR0689.

        On March 21, 2017, psychologist Dr. John Evans, Department Head, Mental Health, US
Naval Hospital Portsmouth, evaluated Plaintiff and provided a provisional diagnosis of mild
cognitive impairment and chronic PTSD. AR0666–0683. Dr. Evans’ report, finalized May 2,
2017, opined that PTSD and TBI were unlikely to have affected Plaintiff’s judgement and did
not contribute to his misconduct, but noted that, based on the performance validity scores, the
neurocognitive assessment was “highly unlikely to be an accurate representation of his actual or
real neurocognitive abilities.” AR0004–0005; AR0672; AR0680.

        On June 13, 2017, DC (M&RA) submitted an updated advisory opinion to ASN
(M&RA). AR0195–0198. This opinion summarized the procedural history of the case, noting
that “on 2 May 2017, a psychologist [Dr. Evans] . . . evaluated [Plaintiff] and found that he does
have PTSD and likely also has mild TBI. The physiologist [sic] determined, however, that
[Plaintiff]’s PTSD and TBI were unlikely to have affected his judgment and did not contribute to

       5
           It is unclear when Plaintiff contacted NAVINSGEN concerning these issues.
                                                        6
his misconduct.” AR0195–0198. DC (M&RA) reaffirmed his earlier opinion, concluding that
Plaintiff’s separation remained in the USMC’s best interest. AR0198.

        On July 12, 2017, after review of Plaintiff’s records and evaluations by other medical
providers, CDR Richter, Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, issued an Advisory Opinion
(AO) stating that “based on the preponderance of the evidence . . . there is insufficient evidence
to support Mr. Caceres-Solari’s contention that he had service-connected PTSD which
contributed to his misconduct.” AR0194. The AO noted that Plaintiff “was in a highly stressful
situation regarding his career status for many months,” and that “many of the symptoms
[Plaintiff] reported are common symptoms of an Adjustment Disorder possibly related to his
current career situation rather than PTSD from deployment experiences.” AR0194.

       On July 20, 2017, Dr. Jacqueline Bashkoff, the New York clinical psychologist who
evaluated Plaintiff via Facetime, supplemented her original October 13, 2016 report, explaining
why she believed PTSD was the correct diagnosis and providing support for her initial
conclusion that Plaintiff’s misconduct was causally connected to his PTSD. AR0173–0176. Dr.
Bashkoff also noted that Plaintiff’s medical records show “long-term prescriptions of
Mefloquine from 2009-2010 and 2014, as well as a concerning level of radioactive Cesium in his
body from humanitarian duty as part of [Plaintiff’s 2011 humanitarian deployment].” AR0174.
Dr. Bashkoff stated that “I am unfamiliar with the effects of long term use of Mefloquine and
radioactive cesium.” AR0174.

        On July 21, 2017, Plaintiff submitted a rebuttal letter to DC (M&RA) and ASN (M&RA),
challenging the BOI’s findings and recommendations and the DC (M&RA)’s conclusions
regarding medical separation proceedings. AR0056–0068. Plaintiff also noted that he did not
have a May 2, 2017 appointment with a “physiologist” or any other medical provider, contrary to
DC (M&RA)’s letter. AR0066. In addition, Plaintiff submitted a rebuttal to the AO authored by
the Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, in which he summarized his medical history and
reiterated that four medical professionals “confirmed [his] PTSD, TBI, and [mild cognitive
impairment] as well as linking [his] chronic/severe PTSD to the accusations against [him].” AR
0191–0192.

        On July 24, 2017, Plaintiff’s counsel requested ASN (M&RA) grant another stay of
Plaintiff’s separation “pending a personal review of all the records.” 6 AR0005. Plaintiff’s
counsel alleged, in part, that the misconduct was minor, that there were several deficiencies with
the BOI, and that Plaintiff’s misconduct was a direct result of the psychological complications
associated with PTSD. AR0005. Additionally, Plaintiff’s counsel argued that HQMC DC
(M&RA) failed to do a comprehensive review of the medical records, and that the facts
regarding the medical records—i.e., the May 2, 2017 appointment referenced in the DC
(M&RA) letter—were wrong. AR0005.

        In response, ASN (M&RA) personally reviewed all the documents submitted by
Plaintiff’s counsel to date and requested another opinion from CDR Richter as to whether the
new information changed his original opinion as stated in the AO. On August 21, 2017, ASN
       6
           It is unclear why ASN (M&RA) needed to grant another stay of Plaintiff’s separation.
                                                         7
(M&RA) responded to Plaintiff’s allegations in detail. AR0026–0030. ASN (M&RA)
summarized CDR Evans’ response letter, in which he significantly reaffirmed his earlier
assessment, concluding that “although [Plaintiff] meets the diagnostic criteria for PTSD, there is
no linkage between his PTSD and the misconduct found proven by his BOI.” In addition, ASN
(M&RA) found that “the inaccurate reference to ‘physiologist’ is a scrivener’s error, and it did
not, and does not, change my opinion of this case,” explaining that the May 2, 2017 appointment
complained of by Plaintiff was the date that Dr. Evans finalized his report. AR0027. The ASN
(M&RA) further explained that “[his] predecessor considered Major Caceres-Solari’s case three
times . . . [and] I have considered Major Caceres-Solari’s case twice,” and in his opinion, “the
Marine Corps’ efforts to ensure Major Caceres-Solari was treated equitably were appropriate,
thorough, and fair.” AR0028.

        On August 10, 2017, Lieutenant Colonel (Lt. Col.) Benjamin Woodworth, a member of
Plaintiff’s October 2015 BOI who voted against Plaintiff’s separation, submitted a letter to the
BCNR in support of Plaintiff’s retention in the USMC claiming new material evidence strongly
rebutted the evidence used by the BOI in their decision to separate. AR0216–0217. Specifically,
Lt. Col. Woodworth was persuaded by Plaintiff’s evidence that he was not afforded an adequate
opportunity to review the evidence against him before the BOI, several statements in the
Investigation Report were false, and several statements under oath from the Government’s
witnesses were misleading and potentially false. Lt. Col. Woodworth opined that had Plaintiff
been afforded an opportunity to review the evidence before the BOI and been able to present
evidence of the false statements, “the BOI decision to separate would have been more favorable
towards Maj. Caceres-Solari.” AR0216.

       J.      Plaintiff Appeals to the Board for Correction of Naval Records Proceedings
               and Responds to DC (M&RA)’s Advisory Opinion

        On October 21, 2016, Plaintiff appealed to the Board of Correction of Naval Records
(“BCNR” or “the Board”). AR0260–0290. Through counsel, Plaintiff argued: (1) several
witnesses recanted their allegations; (2) several accusers made false statements; (3) the
Memorandum for Record was fabricated by the Investigating Officer; (4) he was not derelict in
his duties; (5) he did not make false statements but rather clarified previous statements; (6) he
was not reimbursed for certain expenses related to the NJP; (7) he was required to execute
permanent change of station orders without giving the required two-month lease terminations
notice, which forced him to pay rent for September 2015; (8) he did not receive the required
medical evaluations during the administrative separation processing; and (9) his fitness report
(FITREP) reporting chain violated Marine Corps regulations and FITREPS are administratively
incorrect. Compl. at 14; AR0260–0290.

         On July 21, 2017, Plaintiff submitted a rebuttal letter in response to DC (M&RA)’s June
13, 2017 letter. AR0056–068. In this letter, Plaintiff summarized the case to date, largely
reiterating challenges that he raised throughout the various proceedings, and attached 84
documents in support of his position. AR0056–068. Plaintiff requested, among other things, to
have certain adverse FITREPS removed or amended have “passed for selection” marks deleted
from his personnel file. AR0067–068.

                                                8
        K.       Board for Corrections of Naval Records Proceedings

        On August 25, 2017, the BCNR convened and on December 18, 2017, issued its decision.
AR0001–0009. After reviewing the facts and evidence regarding Plaintiff’s allegations of errors
and injustice, the BCNR found a single injustice warranting relief: that Plaintiff should have
been reimbursed the official expenses incurred for traveling to the NJP hearing. AR0006. The
BCNR noted that according to the CI, Plaintiff was “repeatedly corrected by his coworkers for a
period of about two years, for inappropriate conversations,” and while this misconduct should
have been addressed earlier, Plaintiff’s “substantiated misconduct was inexcusable, and he was
responsible for his actions . . . .” AR0006.

        The BCNR found that Plaintiff pled guilty at the NJP, was advised of his rights, and that
the BOI was conducted in accordance with USMC regulations, and was unpersuaded by the
subsequent evidence offered by Plaintiff. AR0006. Specifically, the BCNR was unpersuaded by
Plaintiff’s allegations that “witnesses recanted their statements, that his accusers made false
statements, that the Memorandum for the Record was fabricated by the Investigating Officer, or
that [Plaintiff] did not make false statements.” AR0006. The BCNR noted that Plaintiff “had the
opportunity at the NJP and the BOI to defend against the charges,” and that “similar contentions
were thoroughly reviewed on multiple occasions at various levels of review, and were found to
be without merit.” AR0006. Moreover, the Board concluded that Plaintiff’s “contentions
regarding the CI, the IO, NJP, Report of Misconduct, and the BOI were without merit, and that
he was afforded due process.” AR0006.

        The Board also found that based on the evidence in the record, Plaintiff was not required
to be evaluated for PTSD or TBI prior to separation “because he had not deployed in support of
contingency operations within the last two years, was not being recommended for separation
with an Other Than Honorable characterization of service, and had not previously been
diagnosed with or reasonably alleged to have suffered from PTSD or TBI.” AR0006–0007.
Further, Plaintiff accepted the NJP and apologized for his misconduct, only later attributing the
misconduct to PTSD and TBI, then denying any misconduct altogether. AR0007.

        With respect to Plaintiff’s allegations that numerous psychologists and neurologists had
diagnosed him with service-connected PTSD and TBI from combat deployment, a forensic
psychologist connected the effects of PTSD to his alleged misconduct, and that the individual
who authored the AO was unable to diagnose him without having met him, the Board fully and
carefully considered these contentions in light of guidance memoranda set out by the Secretary
of Defense. 7 After applying those guidelines to the evidence in the case, the Board “was not able
to substantiate a nexus between PTSD and/or TBI and [Plaintiff’s] misconduct.” The Board
        7
          These include: (i) the Secretary of Defense’s Memorandum “Supplemental Guidance to Military Boards
for Correction of Military/Naval Records Considering Discharge Upgrade Requests by Veterans Claiming Post-
Traumatic Stress Disorder,” dated September 3, 2014; and (ii) the Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense
Memorandum “Consideration of Discharge Upgrade Requests Pursuant to Supplemental Guidance to Military
Boards of Correction for Military/Naval Records by Veterans Claiming Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI),” dated February 24, 2016 (collectively “the Secretary of Defense’s Guidance
Memoranda”).
                                                      9
“significantly concurred with the AO that [Plaintiff] was in a highly stressful situation regarding
his career status for many months, and the symptoms he reported were likely related to his career
situation rather than PTSD.” AR 0007. Thus, the Board concluded that Plaintiff “did not
sufficiently demonstrate that, even if the effects of PTSD and TBI existed at the time of his
misconduct, the seriousness of his misconduct outweighed any mitigation that would be offered
by the PTSD and/or TBI.” AR0007.

        The Board also found insufficient evidence to establish the existence of probable material
error or injustice with regard to Plaintiff’s contention that he had been exposed to long term
Mefloquine prescriptions and radioactive Cesium. AR0007. The Board “significantly
concurred” with the AO in that Plaintiff did not sufficiently demonstrate that the seriousness of
his misconduct outweighed any mitigation that would be offered by the exposure to Mefloquine
prescriptions and radioactive Cesium. AR0007.

        The Board was unpersuaded by Plaintiff’s contention that there is precedence for
allowing a Marine who has been the subject of NJP and recommended for separation from a BOI
to be retained on active duty to achieve retirement status. AR0008. Instead, the Board
concluded that each case is judged on its own merits and that the analogy made by Plaintiff’s
counsel was not germane to the facts and circumstances of Plaintiff’s case. AR0008.

        With respect to Plaintiff’s request for corrections to his FITREPs and deletion of “passed
for selection” marks in his personnel file, the Board concluded that these requests were not
actionable as he had not yet exhausted all available administrative remedies. AR0008.

        The BCNR ultimately recommended that Plaintiff be reimbursed for his travel expenses
relating to the NJP in Stuttgart, Germany. AR0008. The BCNR found that no other relief was
warranted. AR0009.

         L.     Plaintiff’s Discharge and Subsequent PTSD Diagnosis by the Veterans
                Administration

       On September 15, 2017, Plaintiff was discharged from the USMC with an Honorable
characterization of service. AR1414–1416; Compl. at 1. On January 29, 2018, Plaintiff was
diagnosed with service-connected PTSD and TBI by the Veterans Administration, and was
granted a 50% disability. Compl. at 18. On April 13, 2018, Plaintiff filed the present suit.

   II.        STANDARD OF REVIEW

        Where the parties have filed cross-motions for judgment on the administrative record, as
here, Rule 52.1 of the Rules of the United States Court of Federal Claims (“RCFC”) provides a
procedure for parties to seek the equivalent of an expedited trial on a “paper record, allowing
fact-finding by the trial court.” Bannum, Inc. v. United States, 404 F.3d 1346, 1356 (Fed. Cir.
2005). Unlike summary judgment standards, genuine issues of material fact do not preclude a
judgment on the administrative record. See id. at 1355-56. Questions of fact are resolved by
reference to the administrative record. Id. at 1356.

                                                10
        In reviewing the determinations of a military corrections board, a plaintiff must
demonstrate “by cogent and clearly convincing evidence,” Wronke v. Marsh, 787 F.2d 1569,
1576 (Fed. Cir. 1986), that the military board’s decision was “arbitrary, capricious, unsupported
by substantial evidence, or contrary to law.” Metz v. United States, 466 F.3d 991, 998 (Fed. Cir.
2006). It is well settled that “responsibility for determining who is fit or unfit to serve in the
armed services is not a judicial province; and that courts cannot substitute their judgment for that
of the military departments when reasonable minds could reach differing conclusions on the
same evidence.” Heisig v. United States, 719 F.2d 1153, 1156 (Fed. Cir. 1983) (citations
omitted). Moreover, “military administrators are presumed to act lawfully and in good faith like
other public officers, and the military is entitled to substantial deference in the governance of its
affairs.” Dodson v. United States, 988 F.2d 1199, 1204 (Fed. Cir. 1993).

        A court may set aside an agency’s decision if the agency “‘entirely failed to consider an
important aspect of the problem, offered an explanation for its decision that runs counter to the
evidence before the agency, or the decision is so implausible that it could not be ascribed to a
difference in view or the product of agency expertise.’” Ala. Aircraft Indus., Inc. v. United
States, 586 F.3d 1372, 1375 (Fed. Cir. 2009) (quoting Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Ass’n v. State Farm
Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 463 U.S. 29, 43 (1983)). However, “[w]hen substantial evidence supports
the board’s action, and when that action is reasonable in light of all the evidence presented, the
court will not disturb the result.” Pope v. United States, 16 Cl. Ct. 637, 641 (1989). The court’s
review “does not require a reweighing of the evidence, but a determination whether the
conclusion being reviewed is supported by substantial evidence.” Heisig, 719 F.2d at 1157.

   III.    DISCUSSION

        Defendant argues that the BCNR decision denying Plaintiff’s requested relief was made
with a rational basis and in accordance with the law. Specifically, Defendant contends that the
BCNR: (1) properly reviewed all of the evidence and found that Plaintiff’s due process claims
were without merit; (2) made a reasonable and lawful determination that no nexus existed
between Plaintiff’s misconduct and PTSD or TBI; (3) lawfully and appropriately found that
Plaintiff was not required to undergo a medical evaluation for PTSD prior to separation. In
addition, Defendant argues that the Court cannot promote Plaintiff or grant his request for
retirement at an elevated rank.

        In response, Plaintiff alleges numerous deficiencies with the BCNR’s decision: (1) the
BCNR failed to consider all the evidence supporting a nexus between Plaintiff’s PTSD and TBI
and his alleged misconduct; (2) Plaintiff was required to undergo a medical evaluation for
purposes of detecting PTSD or TBI prior to separation under MCO P5800.16A; (3) Plaintiff’s
due process rights were violated at the NJP hearing when he was deprived of his right to examine
the evidence against him and to confront witnesses before electing to proceed with the NJP; (4)
Plaintiff’s due process rights were violated at the BOI because he was deprived of the right to
confront the witnesses against him and the BOI failed to consider newly discovered evidence;
and (5) Plaintiff was never informed of his promotion delay in violation of 10 U.S.C. §
624(d)(1).

                                                 11
       A.     Nexus Between PTSD and TBI and Plaintiff’s Misconduct

       Plaintiff presents a myriad of challenges to the BCNR’s decision regarding the nexus
between Plaintiff’s PTSD and TBI and his alleged misconduct. First, Plaintiff alleges that the
BCNR “dismissed and/or minimized the evaluations and findings of three physicians and one
licensed clinical social worker who diagnosed [Plaintiff] with PTSD and dismissed and/or
minimized Plaintiff’s TBI diagnosis in favor of [CDR] Richter’s conclusory advisory opinion . . .
.” Compl. at 17. Second, Plaintiff contends that the “BCNR did not actually consider all the
evidence” because it “failed to incorporate Plaintiff’s and Dr. Bashkoff’s responses to [CDR]
Richter’s advisory opinion.” Cross Mot. at 12. Finally, Plaintiff claims that: (1) the BCNR
disregarded evidence that Mefloquine and radioactive cesium could have contributed to his
misconduct; (2) CDR Richter’s conclusion that Plaintiff failed to establish that he had service-
connected PTSD is demonstrably false” because the Department of Veterans Affairs (the “VA”)
determined that Plaintiff’s PTSD and TBI were service-connected” after he was discharged; (3)
the BCNR faulted Plaintiff for not seeking treatment for PTSD until after he was ordered to
separate; and (4) the BCNR erred in relying on Dr. Richter’s AO because CDR Richter never
evaluated Plaintiff in-person. Cross Mot. at 12–14.

        In response, Defendant argues that: (1) the BCNR properly weighed and considered all of
the evidence, including evidence of the Mefloquine and radioactive cesium, which cannot be
reweighed by the Court; (2) the VA’s post-hoc determination is not binding on the Court; (3)
nothing precludes the BCNR from considering when Plaintiff raised the PTSD concern; and (4)
nothing required CDR Richter to evaluate Plaintiff in-person before rendering the AO. Def.’s
Mot. at 23–25.

        Contrary to Plaintiff’s contentions, the record shows that the BCNR fully considered the
conflicting opinions regarding Plaintiff’s health offered by the numerous medical professionals
who evaluated Plaintiff’s case and made a reasoned decision based on the evidence. After
Plaintiff raised concerns about PTSD in January 2017, ASN (M&RA) stayed Plaintiff’s
separation multiple times so that he could be evaluated by military medical providers and
solicited an advisory opinion from CDR Evans, Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery,
concerning Plaintiff’s mental health. These medical providers gave various diagnoses, including
Reaction to Severe Stress with a deferred diagnosis of PTSD, Adjustment Disorder, mild
cognitive impairment and mild TBI, and PTSD. The BCNR Report sets forth the opinion and
reasoning of each medical provider that evaluated Plaintiff’s case. Ultimately, the BCNR
“significantly concurred” with CDR Richter’s opinion and concluded Plaintiff “did not
sufficiently demonstrate that, even if the effects of PTSD and TBI existed at the time of his
misconduct, the seriousness of his misconduct outweighed any mitigation that would be offered
by the PTSD and/or TBI.” AR0007.

       Although one Clinical Psychologist—Dr. Bashkoff—opined that Plaintiff’s misconduct
was a “direct result” of his PTSD, contrary opinions from Dr. John Evans, Department Head,
Mental Health, US Naval Hospital Portsmouth, and CDR Evans, Chief, Bureau of Medicine and
Surgery, stated, respectively, that Plaintiff’s “judgment [did] not appear impaired by [his]

                                               12
psychiatric or neurocognitive condition,” AR0680, and that the evidence was insufficient to
establish that Plaintiff had “service connected PTSD which contributed to his misconduct.”
AR0194. While there may be a difference in opinion regarding a nexus between Plaintiff’s
PTSD and his misconduct, a difference in view does not make the BCNR’s conclusion arbitrary
or capricious, see Heisig v. United States, 719 F.2d 1153, 1156 (Fed. Cir. 1983) (“courts cannot
substitute their judgment for that of the military departments when reasonable minds could reach
differing conclusions on the same evidence.”), and it cannot be said that the BCNR’s conclusion
was unsupported by substantial evidence.

        With regard to Plaintiff’s allegations regarding evidence of Mefloquine prescriptions and
radioactive cesium, the BCNR considered these contentions and “found the evidence was
insufficient to establish the existence of probable material error or injustice. AR0007. As the
Government points out, Plaintiff “submitted his medical records to the BCNR, including his
neurometric testing for radioactive cesium and mefloquine prescriptions.” Def.’s Mot. at 6.
Plaintiff has failed to rebut the presumption that the BCNR gave due consideration to the
evidence and therefore, it cannot be said that the BCNR erred in this regard.

        Plaintiff’s remaining challenges to the BCNR’s determination regarding the nexus
between his PTSD and TBI and misconduct can be dealt with summarily. First, the contention
that the BCNR failed to incorporate Plaintiff’s and Dr. Bashkoff’s responses to the AO is
patently false. The BCNR Report at AR0005–0006, ¶ n., provides “In his rebuttal statement to
the AO, Petitioner stated . . . ” before proceeding to list Plaintiff’s and Dr. Bashkoff’s challenges
to the AO. AR0005–0006 (emphasis added). Furthermore, AR0005, ¶ m., refers to ASN
(M&RA)’s August 21, 2017 response letter, which addressed Plaintiff’s and Dr. Bashkoff’s
rebuttal letters and discussed CDR Richter’s reply as to whether those documents changed his
original opinion as set forth in the AO. AR0005. Plaintiff also acknowledges in his complaint
that “The BCNR ‘was not persuaded’ by Plaintiff’s evidence at the BOI and in his rebuttal to the
BOI’s decision….” Compl. at 15, ¶ 43 (emphasis added). Thus, it is clear that the BCNR
incorporated Plaintiff’s and Dr. Bashkoff’s responses to the AO.

         Second, the VA’s post-separation determination that Plaintiff was entitled to benefits for
service-connected PTSD and TBI does not invalidate the BCNR’s conclusion regarding the
nexus between such PTSD and TBI and Plaintiff’s misconduct. The VA’s benefits decision
letter provides that Plaintiff is entitled to 50% disability for PTSD and TBI, but is silent as to
whether these conditions contributed to his misconduct. ECF No., 12-4 (Supplement to the
Administrative Record). Furthermore, as the Plaintiff notes, “[t]he VA does not determine
fitness for duty but instead determines a servicemember’s level of service-connected disability
upon conclusion of military service.” Pl.’s Reply at 3. As such, the VA’s subsequent decision
has no bearing on the BCNR determination.

        Third, the contention that the BCNR improperly faulted Plaintiff for not seeking
treatment for PTSD until after he was ordered to separate is baseless. The timing of relevant
events are evidentiary facts that may be considered in any proceeding. Plaintiff cites no
authority, legal or otherwise, to support his position that the BCNR was precluded from
considering the timing of his PTSD claims. Accordingly, it cannot be said that the BCNR acted

                                                 13
arbitrarily or capriciously by considering those facts in reaching its conclusion.

        Finally, Plaintiff has failed to direct the Court to any source of law mandating an in-
person evaluation before rendering an advisory opinion. As stated above, Plaintiff submitted all
of his medical records to the BCNR and ASN (M&RA). CDR Richter reviewed these records
and gave his opinion. As nothing in the law precludes the BCNR from relying on this opinion, it
cannot be said that BCNR erred in considering the AO.

       In sum, it is clear that the BCNR considered all of the evidence and reached a reasoned
decision. Therefore, the BCNR’s decision regarding the nexus between Plaintiff’s PTSD and
TBI and his misconduct was supported by substantial and was not arbitrary or capricious.

       B.         Medical Evaluation Prior to Separation

        Plaintiff maintains that he was required to undergo a medical evaluation for purposes of
detecting PTSD or TBI prior to separation under Marine Corps Manual for Legal Administration
(MCO) P5800.16A, and that if this had occurred, he would have been properly diagnosed prior
to the BOI and the evidence of his diagnoses would likely have resulted in a different outcome.
Compl. at 18. The BCNR addressed this challenge and determined it to be meritless.
Specifically, the BCNR found that:

            on the approval date, [Plaintiff] was not required to be evaluated for Post-
            Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or traumatic brain injury (TBI) because
            he had not deployed in support of contingency operations within the last two
            years, was not being recommended for separation with an Other Than
            Honorable characterization of service, and had not previously been diagnosed
            with or reasonably alleged to have suffered from PTSD or TBI.

AR0006–0007.

        MCO P5800.16A, § 4002.2, provides the criteria and procedure for medical evaluations
prior to separation. This section provides, in relevant part:

            b. Medical Evaluation Requirements. An officer with more than 180 days
               of active duty service requires a medical evaluation prior to separation.
               This evaluation must be reviewed and specifically addressed by the chain
               of command and Alternate Show Cause Authority as to any medical
               condition affecting (or not affecting) the basis for separation . . . The
               intent of performing these evaluations is to ensure that the Show Cause
               authorities and separation authority have all pertinent information about
               any medical condition(s) that may have a material impact on a marine’s
               behavior, including Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or Traumatic
               Brain Injury (TBI).

            ...

                                                 14
          c.   PTSD/TBI Evaluation

                   (1) When Required. In accordance with 10 USC § 1177, an officer
                       shall receive a medical evaluation to assess whether the effects
                       of PTSD or TBI constitute matters in extenuation that relate to
                       the basis for administrative separation if the officer meets any of
                       the following criteria:

                       (a) Is being recommended for administrative separation with an
                           Other Than Honorable characterization of service.

                       (b) Was deployed overseas to a contingency operation during the
                           24 months prior to the initiation of administrative separation
                           proceedings.

                       (c) Is diagnosed by an appropriately privileged medical provider
                           . . . as experiencing PTSD or TBI, or reasonably alleges the
                           influence of PTSD or TBI.

MCO P5800.16A, § 4002.2

        Title 10, Section 1177 of the United States Code, provides in relevant part:

          the Secretary of a military department shall ensure that a member of the
          armed forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary who has been deployed
          overseas in support of a contingency operation, or sexually assaulted, during
          the previous 24 months, and who is diagnosed . . . as experiencing post-
          traumatic stress disorder or traumatic brain injury or who otherwise
          reasonably alleges, based on the service of the member while deployed, or
          based on such sexual assault, the influence of such a condition, receives a
          medical examination to evaluate a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder
          or traumatic brain injury.

         Here, Plaintiff does not dispute that he failed to meet the criteria for a mandatory medical
examination prior to separation under 10 U.S.C. § 1177, but instead claims that MCO
P5800.16A required this evaluation. However, as the Government points out, MCO P5800.16A,
§ 4002.2(c), relating to PTSD/TBI evaluations, cross-references 10 U.S.C. § 1177 and sets forth
the same criteria for applicability as stated in § 1177. See MCO P5800.16A, § 4002.2(c) (“When
Required. In accordance with 10 USC § 1177 . . . .”); Def.’s Reply at 5–6. Applying those
criteria, Plaintiff was not entitled to a PTSD/TBI evaluation prior to separation because (1) he
was not deployed overseas in support of a contingency operation, or sexually assaulted, during
the 24 months prior to his BOI hearing; (2) was not being recommended for separation with an
Other Than Honorable Characterization of Service; and (3) was not diagnosed with PTSD until
well after he was ordered to separate. Therefore, the BCNR did not err in concluding that

                                                 15
Plaintiff was not entitled to a medical evaluation prior to separation under either 10 U.S.C. §
1177 or MCO P5800.16A, § 4002.2(c).

         The Court is also unpersuaded by Plaintiff’s argument concerning the USMC’s violation
of MCO P5800.16A, § 4002.2(b), which provides that a service member with over 180 days of
active service is required to undergo a medical evaluation prior to separation. This section is
designed to ensure that the separation authority has “all pertinent information about any medical
condition(s) that may have a material impact on a marine’s behavior.” MCO P5800.16A, §
4002.2(b). In this case, even though the BOI may not have had this information at the time of
the hearing, ASN (M&RA) was clearly responsive to Plaintiff’s concerns and acted to ensure
that all pertinent medical information was collected and reviewed before making a determination
as to his separation.

        In particular, after Plaintiff’s counsel raised concerns about PTSD and the lack of a
medical evaluation, ASN (M&RA) granted a stay of Plaintiff’s separation so that he could be
evaluated by military medical providers. Plaintiff was then evaluated by several different
medical professionals and the reports of those evaluations were submitted to ASN (M&RA) and
the BCNR. The ASN (M&RA) personally reviewed Plaintiff’s case a total of five times and
determined that separation remained in the USMC’s best interest—a recommendation ultimately
adopted by the BCNR after its own review. It was only after Plaintiff’s medical records were
reviewed by multiple occasions and by multiple individuals that the separation was effectuated
on September 15, 2017—nearly one year after Plaintiff first raised these concerns. Therefore,
even if the USMC failed to adhere to MCO P5800.16A, § 4002.2(b) by requiring a medical
evaluation prior to the BOI, it took appropriate steps to ensure compliance with that regulation
prior to Plaintiff’s actual separation. Accordingly, any error that occurred in this regard was
harmless and the Court will not indulge Plaintiff’s speculation as to what might have occurred
had the evaluations been conducted prior to the BOI.

         C.       Due Process Claims

                       i. Non-judicial Punishment Hearing

        Plaintiff contends that his due process rights were violated at the NJP hearing when he
was deprived of his right to examine the evidence against him before electing to proceed with the
NJP.8 Specifically, Plaintiff alleges that “despite repeated efforts by Plaintiff and his detailed
defense counsel to review the investigation against him, he was not given an opportunity to do
so, contrary to Article 15, UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. § 815.” See Compl. at 4; Pl.’s Cross Mot. at 15. As
a result, Plaintiff was provided approximately one hour to examine the investigation file before
the NJP hearing. Compl. at 4; Pl.’s Cross Mot. at 15.

         Defendant argues that the BCNR was not arbitrary or capricious in finding that Plaintiff’s

         8
          Plaintiff also claims he was deprived of his right to confront the witnesses against him at the NJP in his
Cross-Motion but does not actually raise any arguments in support of this claim, and does not raise the issue in the
NJP due process section of his Reply. He does however raise this challenge when claiming a due process violation
at the BOI. Therefore, the Court will address the challenge in that section.
                                                         16
was afforded the due process required because Plaintiff was advised of his rights, had an
opportunity to review the investigative file, and consulted with counsel before agreeing to plead
guilty at the NJP.

        Based on the record, the Court agrees with the Government that the BCNR’s
determination regarding the due process violation allegations at the NJP was not arbitrary or
capricious. According to the NJP transcript, Plaintiff confirmed that he: (1) understood his right
to refuse the NJP; (2) had no questions about his rights and did not desire to make any requests;
(3) was willing to accept the NJP; (4) had an opportunity to review the CI; (5) reviewed and
understood the charges against him; (6) wished to plead guilty to the charges; (7) conferred with
an attorney; and (8) did not have any evidence to support that he was not guilty of the offenses.
At no point during this hearing did Plaintiff indicate that he had insufficient time to review the
CI or request additional time to review the CI, despite being represented by counsel. The BCNR
noted that “similar contentions were thoroughly reviewed on multiple occasions at various levels
of review, and were found to be without merit,” and after thoroughly reviewing the evidence,
found that Plaintiff’s “contentions regarding the CI, the IO, NJP, Report of Misconduct and BOI
are without merit. AR0006.

        In this regard, the BCNR did not err. As the BCNR correctly noted, Plaintiff raised these
challenges in his response letter the BOI decision, to NAVINSGEN, DC (M&RA), ASN
(M&RA), and at the BCNR. Plaintiff fails to present any evidence rebutting the presumption of
regularity that military authorities enjoy, Dodson v. United States, 988 F.2d 1199, 1204 (Fed.
Cir. 1993), and likewise fails to establish that the BCNR’s decision was erroneous.

                       ii. Board of Inquiry Hearing

        Plaintiff also claims his due process rights were violated at the BOI because the hearing
was scheduled for a time when several of Plaintiff’s crucial witnesses—Chief Petty Officers
Doerfer and Burns—were unavailable to testify in person due to a training exercise in Spain,
thereby depriving Plaintiff of his right to confront the witnesses against him. 9 In addition,
Plaintiff claims that the BCNR disregarded Captain Jackson’s admission after the BOI that her
statements under oath were false. Finally, Plaintiff claims that the BCNR disregarded the
statement of the sole dissenting BOI member—Lt. Col. Woodworth—that had the BOI
considered the evidence Plaintiff discovered after the hearing, it is likely that Plaintiff would
have prevailed at the NJP and BOI.

       Defendant, on the other hand, contends that the BCNR’s “clear referencing” to Plaintiff’s
arguments that witnesses recanted their statements and that his accusers made false statements
shows that the BCNR considered them. Additionally, Defendant argues that: (1) Plaintiff “could
have petitioned for a continuance for at least 30 calendar days” in order to confront the
witnesses; (2) Plaintiff’s failure to petition for a continuance does not invalidate the BOI
proceedings; and (3) there is no right to confront witnesses at the BOI, though the respondent
may question any witness who appears. See Secretary of the Navy Instruction (SECNAVINST)
1920.6C, Enclosure (8), ¶ 6(a), (i), (o).

       9
           Plaintiff raises this challenge in his complaint and cross-motion, but does not raise it in his Reply.
                                                           17
        The BCNR found that “the BOI was conducted in accordance with Marine Corps
regulations,” and “subsequent evidence [did] not refute the BOI findings or evidence.” The
BCNR “was not persuaded by the [Plaintiff’s] evidence that witnesses recanted their statements,
[or] that his accusers made false statements.” Ultimately, the BCNR found that Plaintiff was
afforded the due process required, noting that Plaintiff “had the opportunity at NJP and the BOI
to defend against the charges . . . [and] that similar contentions were thoroughly reviewed on
multiple occasions at various levels of review, and were found to be without merit.”

        With regard to Plaintiff’s contentions that he was denied the opportunity to confront the
witnesses against him, SECNAVINST 1920.6C, Enclosure (8), ¶ 9, states: “Witnesses not within
the immediate geographical area of the Board are considered not reasonably available,” and
“Statements or depositions shall be admitted and considered by BOI from witnesses not
reasonably available to testify during a board proceeding.” Id. at (b), (c). As Plaintiff
acknowledges, the witnesses at issue were in Spain at the time of the BOI. Compl. at 5; Pl.’s
Cross-Motion at 16. These witnesses were clearly not “within the immediate geographical area
of the Board,” and therefore “not reasonably available.” SECNAVINST 1920.6C, Enclosure (8),
¶ 9(b). Therefore, the Board was permitted to rely on the statements or depositions of those
witnesses in lieu of in-person testimony. SECNAVINST 1920.6C, Enclosure (8), ¶ 9(c).

        Moreover, the Government correctly observes that SECNAVINST 1920.6C, Enclosure
(8), ¶ 6(a), permits a respondent to request a 30-day continuance. The failure to invoke this right
is not a basis for invalidating the BOI proceedings. SECNAVINST 1920.6C, Enclosure (8), ¶
6(o). Thus, the BCNR’s finding that the BOI was conducted in accordance with Marine Corps
regulations was not arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law.

         Plaintiff’s allegations that the BCNR disregarded Captain Jackson’s admission that her
earlier statement under oath was false and evidence that Lt. Col. Orellana made false statements,
are likewise meritless. The BCNR expressly stated that it “was not persuaded by [Plaintiff’s]
evidence that witnesses recanted their statements, that his accusers made false statements, that
the memorandum for the Record was fabricated by the [Investigating Officer], or that he did not
make false statements.” AR0006. At this stage of the proceedings, the Court cannot reweigh the
evidence, see Heisig v. United States, 719 F.2d 1153, 1157 (Fed. Cir. 1983), and Plaintiff has not
shown that this decision was arbitrary, capricious, or unsupported by substantial evidence.

        Similarly, Plaintiff’s contention that the BCNR disregarded the statement of Lt. Col.
Woodworth—the sole dissenting BOI member—is baseless. This statement was based on
Plaintiff’s evidence that: (1) he was denied an opportunity to review the evidence against him
before accepting the NJP; (2) several statements in the Investigation Report were false; and (3)
the statements of Capt. Jackson and Lt. Col. Orellana were misleading and potentially false. As
stated above, the BCNR addressed these contentions directly, finding them unpersuasive. At this
stage of the proceedings, the Court cannot reweigh the evidence, see Heisig v. United States, 719
F.2d 1153, 1157 (Fed. Cir. 1983), and Plaintiff has not shown that this decision was arbitrary,
capricious, or unsupported by substantial evidence.


                                                18
       D.      Failure to Notify Plaintiff of Promotion Delay

        In his Cross-Motion, Plaintiff alleges for the first time that he was never informed of his
promotion delay in violation of 10 U.S.C. § 624(d)(4). Pl.’s Cross-Motion at 17. The law,
however, is clear that “any issue not raised before a Corrections Board is waived upon appeal to
this [C]ourt.” Lewis v. United States, 99 Fed. Cl. 17, 19 (2011) (Hodges, J.), see also Murakami
v. United States, 398 F.3d 1342, 1354 (Fed. Cir. 2005) (“We find no record evidence that
Murakami raised the argument . . . with the administrative agency. The Court of Federal Claims
thus correctly concluded that the argument was waived.”).

         Plaintiff claims to have raised this issue in paragraph 17(f) of his July 21, 2017 rebuttal
letter to DC (M&RA); Pl.’s Reply at 5; see AR0067–068. However, this paragraph relates only
to the “passed for selection” notations in Plaintiff’s personnel files, which he attributes to the late
submission of certain fitness reports. AR0067–068. Contrary to Plaintiff’s assertions, paragraph
17(f) makes no reference whatsoever to “promotion delay.” See AR0067–068. In fact, the only
other reference to Plaintiff’s promotion standing is contained in a single sentence of paragraph
17(d), which states, in relation to Plaintiff’s requested relief of promotion to rank of Lt. Col., “I
am currently still selected, with a delayed promotion.” AR0067. As Plaintiff failed to raise the
challenge before the BCNR, it has been waived.

       E.      Court’s Power to Promote Plaintiff and Grant Retirement at an Elevated
               Rank

         Plaintiff also requests that the Court promote him to the rank of Lt. Col. and grant him
retirement at the rank of Lt. Col. Compl. at 20. The Court is unpersuaded that such relief is
warranted. The BCNR determined that Plaintiff entitled to a promotion or retirement at an
elevated rank when he raised the issue there. See AR0001, AR0008–09. The Court has
consistently refused to interject itself “into the discretionary military promotion process even if
legal error was in some respect committed.” Doggett v. United States, 207 Ct. Cl. 478, 482
(1975). Here, as stated above, no legal error has been committed. Therefore, Plaintiff’s requests
in this regard are denied.




                                                  19
   IV.     CONCLUSION

        In sum, Plaintiff failed to meet his burden of presenting “cogent and clearly convincing
evidence,” Wronke v. Marsh, 787 F.2d 1569, 1576 (Fed. Cir. 1986), that the BCNR’s decision
was arbitrary, capricious, unsupported by substantial evidence, or contrary to law. See Metz v.
United States, 466 F.3d 991, 998 (Fed. Cir. 2006). The record is clear that BCNR considered all
of the evidence and reached reasoned decisions based on that evidence. Therefore, the Court
hereby GRANTS Defendant’s Motion for Judgment on the Administrative Record and DENIES
Plaintiff’s cross-motion. The Clerk is directed to enter judgment accordingly.

         IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                                                  s/Edward J. Damich
                                                                  EDWARD J. DAMICH
                                                                  Senior Judge




                                               20
