                     NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.


 United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

                                     2007-3139


                              CYNTHIA M. HUDSON,

                                                          Petitioner,


                                         v.


               DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES,

                                                          Respondent.


      Cynthia M. Hudson, of Seminole, Oklahoma, pro se.

       Lauren S. Moore, Trial Attorney, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division,
United States Department of Justice, of Washington, DC, for respondent. With her on
the brief were Peter D. Keisler, Assistant Attorney General, Jeanne E. Davidson,
Director, and Franklin E. White, Jr., Assistant Director.

Appealed from: United States Merit Systems Protection Board
                     NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.


 United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
                                     2007-3139


                               CYNTHIA M. HUDSON,

                                                           Petitioner,

                                          v.

               DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES,

                                                           Respondent.


                           __________________________

                              DECIDED: July 12, 2007
                           __________________________


Before MICHEL, Chief Judge, LOURIE, Circuit Judge, and ROBERTSON, District
Judge. ∗

MICHEL, Chief Judge.

      Cynthia M. Hudson petitions for review of the decision of the Merit Systems

Protection Board (“Board”) upholding the Department of Health and Human Services’

(“HHS”) decision to remove her from employment as a nurse at a Native American

health center. Hudson v. Dep’t of Health and Human Servs., DA-0752-06-0417-I-1

(M.S.P.B. Sept. 1, 2006) (“Initial Decision”). The initial decision became final when

review was denied on January 18, 2007. We find no error in the Board’s decision

because ample evidence supported its findings as to all four charges of rude and


      ∗
               Honorable James Robertson, District Judge, United States District Court
for the District of Columbia, sitting by designation.
disrespectful conduct toward supervisors, the seriousness of the misconduct together

with a prior suspension for similar misconduct made removal reasonable, and Hudson’s

affirmative defenses were correctly found not proven. Therefore, we affirm.

                                 I.     BACKGROUND

       Hudson was employed by HHS as a Licensed Practical Nurse at the Wewoka

Indian Health Center (“Center”) in Wewoka, Okalahoma. After being suspended on

May 23, 2005, and receiving counseling for similar improper conduct, Hudson continued

to engage in rude behavior towards supervisors.         On or about February 17, 2006,

Hudson berated her immediate supervisor, Michelle Jesse, R.N., questioned Jesse’s

productivity by telling her that she wasn’t doing anything and stated, “Don’t you ever

bring me a memo at 4:00 p.m.” Initial Decision at 4. Several days later, on or about

February 23, 2006, Hudson again spoke disrespectfully to Jesse when she angrily

questioned Jesse about a meeting and demanded an explanation regarding why she

was not informed about the meeting. Velma Coker, an employee at the Center, testified

that she overheard the loud tone of Hudson’s voice and thought she might have to call

security. Id.

       On February 24, 2006, Hudson again became belligerent and threatening

towards Jesse in a meeting, telling her “I will take care of you . . . ,” and “I know people

like you, and I am fully aware of an RN’s role and what you are capable of and I will rare

[sic] my head.” Id. at 9. Susan Denthman, another employee at the Center, testified

that she overheard Hudson’s statements to Jesse, including, “I will take care of you” and

“I know people like you.” She also testified that Jesse responded by asking Hudson to

“calm down.” Id. at 10.




2007-3139                                    2
      Later that day, Hudson was called to meet with Jesse, Cynthia Galbreath (her

second-level supervisor), and Ferrel Smith (acting CEO) in the CEO’s office, where she

received notice of a proposed 14-day suspension without pay based on two

specifications of rude and disrespectful conduct towards Jesse. At the meeting, Hudson

once again became loud, belligerent, and disrespectful towards Jesse. After Smith told

Hudson to stop, Hudson left the room. Approximately five minutes later, Hudson barged

back into Smith’s office, interrupted a meeting among Jesse, Galbreath, and Smith, and

made further rude comments, this time about all of them. At that point, Jesse changed

her recommendation from suspension to removal. A letter of proposed removal was

sent to Hudson on March 13, 2006. Memorandum from Michelle Jesse, First-Level

Supervisor, to Cynthia Hudson (Mar. 13, 2006). On April 14, 2006, Galbreath directed

Hudson’s removal for improper conduct based on four 1 specifications of rude and

disrespectful behavior towards supervisors. Letter from Cynthia Galbreath, Deciding

Official, to Cynthia Hudson (Apr. 14, 2006).

      Hudson appealed HHS’ decision to the Board on May 3, 2006. After holding a

hearing, the Administrative Judge (“AJ”) found that HHS had proven each of the four

specifications by preponderant evidence.           Hudson raised as affirmative defenses

allegations that the removal was (1) a result of racial discrimination, (2) a reprisal for

filing an Equal Employment Opportunity (“EEO”) complaint, and (3) retaliation for

whistleblowing. The AJ found that Hudson had not established any of these affirmative

defenses by preponderant evidence and also that removal was reasonable in light of the

circumstances. Initial Decision at 15-19. The initial decision of the AJ became final

      1
              The removal letter included the two additional instances of rude conduct
that occurred on February 24, 2006.


2007-3139                                      3
when the full Board denied review on January 18, 2007. Hudson v. Dep’t of Health and

Human Servs., DA-0752-06-0417-I-1 (M.S.P.B. Jan. 18, 2007).        This timely appeal

followed.

                                II.    DISCUSSION

      We have jurisdiction over final decisions of the Board pursuant to 5 U.S.C.

§ 1295(a)(9). Given the issues in this case, we must affirm the decision of the Board,

unless we find it is not in accordance with the law or is unsupported by substantial

evidence. 5 U.S.C § 7703(c); see also Munson v. Merit Sys. Prot. Bd., 318 F.3d 1358,

1360 (Fed. Cir. 2003).

A.    Proof of Misconduct

      On appeal Hudson argues that key facts were ignored that would have changed

the AJ’s finding that HHS proved its specifications. Specifically, Hudson alleges that

that she was subjected to “harassment” and “unprofessional behavior” by her

supervisors.   Hudson apparently believes that the alleged misconduct by her

supervisors gave her the right to respond “in [a] like manner.”   Appellant Br. at 2.

Contrary to Hudson’s assertions here, the AJ did address her allegations of harassment

and correctly determined that, even assuming the claims were true, they did not excuse

her improper conduct.




2007-3139                                 4
       Relying on the Hillen factors, 2 the AJ found Hudson’s testimony to be less

credible than that of her supervisors and other corroborating HHS witnesses who

overheard Hudson’s rude comments.                We must accord the AJ’s credibility

determinations deference, especially where, as here, they are heavily demeanor-based.

See Griessenauer v. Dep’t of Energy, 754 F.2d 361, 364 (Fed. Cir. 1985). We conclude

that there is substantial evidence to support the AJ’s findings that, as charged, Hudson

repeatedly engaged in rude and disrespectful conduct toward supervisors.

       Hudson also argues that the Board did not consider evidence of (1) a Code

Yellow in 2005, (2) the departure of some nurses after Hudson’s dismissal, and (3) the

short length of time Hudson interacted with Jesse. However, Hudson did not raise

these arguments before the Board. As such, she has waived them. See Henry v. Dep’t

of the Navy, 902 F.2d 949, 953 (Fed. Cir. 1990).

B.     Reasonableness of Removal

       Hudson also challenges the AJ’s finding that removal is reasonable. Removal is

only permissible if it promotes the efficiency of the service, is reasonable, and is not

totally unwarranted in light of all the circumstances. See, e.g., Brown v. Dep’t of the

Navy, 229 F.3d 1356, 1358, 1364 (Fed. Cir. 2000). Substantial evidence supports the

AJ’s finding that HHS demonstrated a “relationship between the misconduct and the

objective of promoting the efficiency of the service” and that the four recent and serious



       2
               Hillen v. Dep't of the Army, 35 M.S.P.R. 453, 458 (M.S.P.B. 1987) (setting
forth the following factors for resolving credibility issues: “(1) The witness’s opportunity
and capacity to observe the event or act in question; (2) the witness’s character; (3) any
prior inconsistent statement by the witness; (4) a witness’s bias, or lack of bias; (5) the
contradiction of the witness’s version of events by other evidence or its consistency with
other evidence; (6) the inherent improbability of the witness’s version of events; and (7)
the witness’s demeanor.”).


2007-3139                                    5
charges of disrespectful conduct as well as Hudson’s prior 5-day suspension for similar

misconduct made removal within the range of reasonable actions. See James v. Dale,

355 F.3d 1375, 1378 (Fed. Cir. 2004).

C.      Failure of Proof of Affirmative Defenses

        Hudson contends that the Board did not properly consider her whistleblowing

activities. 3   This argument has no merit.     The AJ assumed without deciding that

Hudson’s reports of the misuse of government vehicles were protected disclosures but

found that HHS had proven by clear and convincing evidence that it would have

removed her anyway. See Briley v. Nat’l Archives & Records Admin., 236 F.3d 1373,

1377 (Fed. Cir. 2001) (requiring the agency to show “by clear and convincing evidence

that it would have taken the same personnel actions in the absence of any protected

disclosures” before sustaining the personnel action). Substantial evidence supports the

AJ’s finding that Hudson did not establish her whistleblowing defense.

        Hudson also argues that her termination was retaliation for her filing of an EEO

complaint. However, the AJ made no error in finding that Hudson did not establish that

HHS’ action was in fact a reprisal taken for filing an EEO complaint.         The EEO

complaint was filed against Denthman and not Jesse or Galbreath, the officials who

recommended and directed her removal, respectively, and was filed almost one year

before her removal.     Thus, while Hudson did engage in such EEO activity, the AJ

correctly balanced Hudson’s misconduct against the HHS’ lack of motivation to retaliate

and found an insufficient nexus between the EEO activity and the personnel action a

year later to establish the defense. See Webster v. Dep’t of the Army, 911 F.2d 679,

        3
              Hudson does not appeal the Board’s findings with respect to her racial
discrimination affirmative defense.


2007-3139                                   6
689 (Fed. Cir. 1990) (requiring a “genuine nexus” between the protected activity and the

personnel action in order to establish an affirmative defense). Substantial evidence

supports that finding.

                                 III.   CONCLUSION

       We have carefully considered all of Hudson’s other arguments and conclude that

they are either wholly unpersuasive or their review is unnecessary for the disposition of

this appeal. Therefore, we do not discuss them. Accordingly, discerning no basis for

disturbing the Board’s decision which is free of legal error and supported by substantial

evidence, we affirm.




2007-3139                                  7
