               ARMED SERVICES BOARD OF CONTRACT APPEALS

Appeal of --                                  )
                                              )
Quality Trust Inc.                            )         ASBCA No. 59983
                                              )
Under Contract No. W912P6-15-C-0002           )

APPEARANCE FOR THE APPELLANT:                           Mr. Lawrence M. Ruiz
                                                         President

APPEARANCES FOR THE GOVERNMENT:                         Thomas H. Gourlay, Jr., Esq.
                                                         Engineer Chief Trial Attorney
                                                        Kimberly J. Sabo, Esq.
                                                         Engineer District Counsel
                                                         U.S. Army Engineer District, Chicago

              OPINION BY ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE PROUTY
        ON THE GOVERNMENT'S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

       The government has filed a motion for summary judgment arguing that there are no
disputed material facts in this case, which is about the propriety of the government's
terminating the contract for default because appellant, Quality Trust Inc. (Quality), did not
secure performance and payment bonds and proper insurance for the contract as required.
Quality, acting prose through its president, opposes the motion, but does so without
disputing the controlling material facts.* The government filed no reply brief in support of
its motion. In any event, for the reasons stated herein, we conclude that there are no
material facts in dispute, and enter judgment in favor of the government.

            STATEMENT OF FACTS FOR PURPOSES OF THE MOTION

       On 19 December 2014, the United States Army Corps of Engineers awarded to
Quality Contract No. W912P6-15-C-0002 (the contract) to perform a sewer rehabilitation
project at Lake Station, Indiana at Quality's bid price of $368,464 (R4, tab 1 at 1).
Ms. Regina Blair, the government's contracting officer (CO) informed Quality of the
award through a letter that she sent via email to Mr. Lawrence Ruiz, Quality's president,
informing him of the government's award and reminding Mr. Ruiz that the contract


* Quality's opposition (app. opp'n) was also captioned as a "Motion to Strike," but the
      text of the filing gave no basis to strike the motion for summary judgment beyond
      merely opposing it. Accordingly, we treat Quality's filing as an opposition to the
      government's motion.
required his company to obtain performance and payment bonds at 100% of the contract
value within 10 days of the award (R4, tab 1, tab 14 at 1-2, email forwarding letter).
Ms. Blair's letter also reminded Mr. Ruiz of the contract's requirement that Quality
obtain a "Certificate of Liability Insurance," which included an endorsement stating,
"fa}ny cancellation or material change in the coverage adversely affecting the
Government's interest shall not be effective unless the insurer or the contractor gives
30 days written notice of cancellation or change as required to the US Army Corps of
Engineers," required by the contract's specifications (R4, tab 1 at 1-2).

        The contract did, in fact, require Quality to obtain performance and payment
bonds within 10 calendar days after award (R4, tab 2 at 1, 24), and, before commencing
work, to also secure and provide proof of liability insurance to the CO, including an
endorsement by the insurer to the effect of the words required by Ms. Blair's letter to
Quality, that, any cancellation or material change in the coverage required 30 days
written notice to the CO (id. at 20, incorporating Federal Acquisition Regulation
(FAR) 52.228-5, INSURANCE-WORK ON A GOVERNMENT INSTALLATION (JAN 1997),
paragraph (b)). As will be seen below, Quality did neither although it is not clear that the
failure to obtain the insurance had yet ripened into a breach of contract terms.

       On 28 December 2014, the day before the performance and payment bonds were
due, Mr. Ruiz sent an email to Gregory Hermsen, the government contracting specialist
working on the contract, requesting more time to provide the bonds (R4, tab 14 at I).
Mr. Ruiz explained that, given the holidays, some of his "program people" were out until
5 January, and he requested 10 "working days" after their return on the fifth, and perhaps
a longer time because of "year end reports" (id.).

        The record is devoid of any indication that Mr. Hermsen or anybody else from the
government responded to Mr. Ruiz's request before 8 January 2015, when the CO, Ms. Blair,
sent Mr. Ruiz a two-page letter captioned as a "Cure Notice" which gave Quality I 0 days to
remedy its failure to obtain the contractually-required bonds (R4, tab 13). The cure notice
stated that Mr. Ruiz acknowledged receipt of contract award on 28 December 2013 and thus
performance and payment bonds and insurance were due on 7 January 2015 (id. at 3). The
letter also "acknowledged" the 28 December request for extension, and stated that, as of
8 January 2015, Quality had not provided the required bonds and insurance (id.). The letter
further stated that the government viewed Quality's failure to submit the
contractually-required documents to be a condition "endangering performance of the
Contract," and that, if it weren't remedied within I 0 days, the government might terminate
the contract for default pursuant to FAR 52.249-10, DEFAULT (FIXED-PRICED
CONSTRUCTION) (APR 1984), which is included in the contract (see R4, tab 2 at 17). Finally,
the letter directed Mr. Ruiz to provide all responses to the letter in writing or by email to
Ms. Blair (R4, tab 13 at 4 ).




                                             2
        On 21January2015, Ms. Blair sent an email and a certified letter to Mr. Ruiz,
both of which informed him of the government's intent to terminate the contract within
five business days if Quality failed to provide the "bonds and insurance" to the
government within that time (R4, tab 12 at 1, email, tab 11 at 1, certified letter).
Evidently, there was some discussion between government representatives and Mr. Ruiz
between the time that the 8 January 2015 cure notice was sent and the time that the
21 January 2015 communications from the government were written, because the letter
and the email both referred to Mr. Ruiz's contending that he had not received the
8 January cure notice (id.). The email implicitly disputed Mr. Ruiz's allegation that he
had not received the cure notice by "advis[ing]" Mr. Ruiz that the government's email
included a "tracking system" that showed delivery of the cure notice at some time on
8 January 2015 (R4, tab 12 at 1). The Rule 4 file, in fact, includes a page that appears to
demonstrate that the cure notice was delivered to Mr. Ruiz's email server on 8 January
2015 at 2:21 p.m., though it does not include confirmation from Mr. Ruiz's email server
that it was received (R4, tab 13 at 1).

        Later on 21 January 2015, Mr. Ruiz sent an email to Ms. Blair responding to the
email sent by her that day (R4, tab 10). In the email, Mr. Ruiz asserted that he had not
earlier received the 8 January 2015 cure notice because of some "information technology
issues going on" (id. at 1). In the email, Mr. Ruiz also stated that, in the bidding, Quality
was "able to use the same SBG Bonds under the SBA surety bond guarantee program for
this project," and that he did not anticipate any problems other than the need for more
time to get the bonds (id.). Less than 15 minutes after receiving this email on 21 January,
Ms. Blair responded to Mr. Ruiz's email with another email, requesting a date when the
bonds and insurance would arrive at her office (R4, tab 9 at 1).

       The next known communication between Quality and the government occurred
almost a week later in an email exchange on 27 January 2015 (see R4, tab 8 at 1-2). In
the email that opened the exchange, Mr. Ruiz stated that he could not find certain
correspondence from the government, but that he knew of the five-day deadline and was
working to obtain the necessary bonds, which he would get to her "soon" (id. at 2).
Ms. Blair responded that Mr. Ruiz had not provided "any valid reason for the delay; thus,
your request is denied" (id. at 1). She further stated that, ifthe bonds and insurance were
not in her office by the close of business the following day (28 January), the government
would terminate the contract for default (id.).

       Later that day, Mr. Ruiz began drafting a response to Ms. Blair's 27 January letter
threatening default, although he completed and sent it on 28 January (see R4, tab 7 at 1-2
("I am continuing this letter today")). Mr. Ruiz's 28 January email explained that the
reason he was having difficulty getting his bonds in order had to do with his bonding
company and the completion of a separate project for the state of Kansas (id. at 1).
Mr. Ruiz further expressed his hope that he could get the bonds signed by midnight, and



                                              3
inquired whether he could send an electronic copy of the signatures via a PDF file to
Ms. Blair (id.). Shortly after sending Ms. Blair this note, he "cc' d" her on an email that
was from Mr. Ruiz to an attorney named L. Jay Labe, who apparently represented a
bonding company with whom Quality had a pre-existing dispute (R4, tab 6 at 1-2). The
extensive details of the letter are not material here except that Mr. Ruiz expressed his
"dire need" for bonds "today" and told Mr. Labe that he had "contacted some agencies in
Washington," apparently to complain of the bonding company's stance (id. at 1).

       Later on 28 January 2015, Mr. Ruiz forwarded to Ms. Blair a document that
purported to be a proof of insurance (R4, tab 5). This document did not include the
contractually-required language to the effect that the CO would be given 30 days written
notice prior to cancellation of the policy (id.).

        On 6 February 2015, Ms. Blair drafted an internal memorandumjustifying
terminating the contract for default (R4, tab 3). In the document, Ms. Blair discussed a
telephone call that she had received from a new bonding company on 28 January 2015,
stating that it was preparing to offer bonds to Quality, which caused her to hold off on
issuing the termination for default (R4, tab 3 at 2). According to Ms. Blair's
memorandum, when no bond had been received by the government by 5 February, she
contacted the new bonding company and was told that no bonds would be issued for
Quality (id. at 2-3). She then determined to terminate the contract (id. at 3). Ms. Blair's
internal memorandum also faults the insurance for being inadequate in amount (id. at 2).

       No bonds were ever provided by Quality to the government (comp!. ii 3).
Moreover, there is no indication that any further proof of insurance beyond the certificate
sent on 28 January 2015 was every provided by Quality to the government. On
13 February 2015, Ms. Blair issued a contracting officer's decision in the form of a
modification to the contract effecting a termination for default for failure to provide the
proper bonds and insurance (R4, tab 3 at 2-3). By undated letter, received by the Board
on 11 May 2015, Quality filed a timely notice of appeal to the Board.

                                      DISCUSSION

        The government is entitled to summary judgment in its favor here because we are
presented with no disputed material facts calling into question the propriety of the
government's decision to terminate the contract for default. Notwithstanding multiple
efforts and extended deadlines by the government, Quality utterly failed to provide the
contractually-required performance and payment bonds. As will be discussed below, this
failure constituted a material breach of the contract, which would justify its termination for
default unless Quality could prove its default was excusable or the government's action was
an abuse of discretion. Despite making a plethora of allegations of unsubstantiated
malfeasance by parties other than itself in its pleadings, Quality has presented no evidence



                                             4
excusing its failure to perform or otherwise calling into question the government's exercise
of its discretion.

I.     The Standards for Summary Judgment and Requirements for its Opposition

        The standards for summary judgment before the Board are well established and
need little elaboration here. Summary judgment should be granted if it has been shown
that th,ere are no genuine issues of material fact and the moving party is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986). A
non-movant seeking to defeat summary judgment by suggesting disputed facts "must set
forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial." Anderson v. Liberty
Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986) (quoting First National Bank ofArizona v. Cities
Service Co., 391 U.S. 253, 288-89 (1968)). Put another way, ifthe non-moving party
carries the burden of proof at trial for elements of its case and fails to provide such proof
at the motion for summary judgment, the moving party is entitled to summary judgment.
Dairyland Power Coop. v. United States, 16 F.3d 1197, 1202 (Fed. Cir. 1994).

II.    The Government has Produced Undisputed Facts Justifying its Termination of
       Quality's Contract for Default

        To meet the preconditions for terminating a contract for default under the contract's
default clause, the government must demonstrate that the contractor failed to prosecute its
work with the diligence necessary to insure its completion within the time specified by the
contract. FAR 52.249-1 O(a); see also ADT Construction Group, Inc., ASBCA No. 55358,
 13 BCA ii 35,307 at 173,311. Notwithstanding the fact that this appeal was brought by
Quality, the burden of proof for showing that the termination was justified falls upon the
government. Lisbon Contractors, Inc. v. United States, 828 F.2d 759, 765 (Fed. Cir.
 1987); ADT, 13 BCA ii 35,307 at 173,312. But if the government makes this
demonstration, the burden of going forward or production shifts to Quality to show that its
failure to perform was excusable or that the government abused its discretion. ADT, 13
BCA ii 35,307 at 173,312; Double B Enters., Inc., ASBCA Nos. 52010, 52192, 01-1 BCA
ii 31,396 at 155,110; see also Gen. lnjectables & Vaccines, Inc. v. Gates, 519 F.3d 1360,
1363 (Fed. Cir. 2008) (regarding late deliverables).

        Here, the government met its initial burden demonstrating that the termination for
default was justified. With respect to the performance and payment bonds, there is no
dispute that terms of the contract required Quality to obtain the bonds within 10 days of
being notified of contract award and that Quality was notified of that award, at the very
latest, on 2 8 December 2015. There is also no dispute that the government never granted
any extensions of time to Quality to obtain these bonds, except to the extent that its
multiple cure notices included deadlines after which the government threatened to take
action. It is further undisputed that, at the time that the government terminated the



                                              5
contract, 13 February 2015, Quality had obtained no such bonds and the
contractually-imposed deadline was long past. Because failure to obtain (or continue to
hold) contractually-required bonds is considered to be a material breach of the contract, it
justifies termination for default. See Pacific Sunset Builders, Inc., ASBCA No. 39312,
93-3 BCA ii 25,923 at 128,945 ("[f]ailure to provide performance and payment bonds is
sufficient to terminate the contract for default unless the contracting officer's judgment
was ... unreasonable") (citation and internal quote marks omitted); see also Airport
Industrial Park, Inc. v. United States, 59 Fed. Cl. 332, 334 (2004) (citing multiple cases
from the Boards of Contract Appeals).

        Whether lack of liability insurance should justify default in these circumstances is
less clear because Quality's failure to obtain it is not as plainly untimely here.
Nevertheless, we need not resolve the insurance matter because the government need
only prove one sufficient basis to justify its termination for default. See Empire Energy
Mgmt. Sys., Inc. v. Roche, 362 F.3d 1343, 1357 (Fed. Cir. 2004) (citing multiple cases);
AEON Group, LLC, ASBCA Nos. 56142, 56251, 14-1BCAii35,692 at 174,752; see also
Emiabata v. United States, 102 Fed. Cl. 787, 792 (2012) (permissible to justify CO's
termination decision even if not all bases sustained). Thus, even if we had cause to
question the liability insurance basis for the termination enunciated by the CO, Quality's
failure to obtain bonding is adequate for us to sustain the CO's decision.

III.   Quality has Not Produced any Evidence that Challenges the Government's
       Decision to Terminate its Contract for Default

        Having found that the government met its burden of proving an adequate basis for
terminating the contract for default, we now tum to whether Quality has produced
evidence showing that its failure to perform was excusable or that the government abused
its discretion. See ADT, 13 BCA ii 35,307 at 173,312; Double B Enters., 01-1 BCA
ii 31,396 at 155,110; Gen. Injectables, 519 F.3d at 1363. It has not.

        As discussed above, for a non-moving party to defend itself against a motion for
summary judgment, it is not enough to merely articulate a defense, but the party "must set
forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial." Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S.
at 248. Specific to the circumstances presented here, when the government has established
a prima facie case supporting default, and appellant has not "offered any evidence that the
failure was not due to its own fault or negligence," entry of summary judgment in favor of
the government is appropriate. Lawrence Fabricating Co., ASBCA No. 53317, 03-1 BCA
ii 32,199 at 159,160; see also Airport Industrial Park, 59 Fed. Cl. at 338 (citing Dairyland
Power, 16 F.3d at 1202) ("Because [appellant] has the burden of proving the excuse for its
default, in opposing summary judgment [appellant] must allege facts that go to the
existence of an excuse for its default."). Board Rule 7( c )(2) requires that facts be
"support[ed] by specific evidence." It further explicates that such evidence should come



                                             6
from citations to the record or "any additional evidence upon which it relies (e.g. affidavits,
declarations, excerpts from depositions, answers to interrogatories, admissions)." Since no
"facts" in Quality's opposition have any such support from specific evidence, we find that
Quality has not met its burden in challenging the government's termination.

        Moreover, to the extent that we may divine Quality's arguments, the unproved facts
alleged in Quality's opposition to the motion would not change the results even if we were
to accept them. First, Quality appears to allege that, because the bonds were "requested ... by
way of the SBA Government Surety Bond Program," the government was required to
perform an "internal administrative investigation," and that it cannot be terminated for
default unless "the government could prove without a shadow of a doubt that [Quality]
acted in bad faith." (See app. opp'n at 1-2) Notwithstanding the fact that the record
contains no support for the allegation that the bonds requested were from a government
program (to the contrary, all of the sureties named in the correspondence cited above were
private entities), there is simply no legal basis for Quality's barefaced allegations that the
government was somehow required to perform an "internal administrative investigation"
with respect to its case, or that the supposed origin of the bonds shifted the evidentiary
burden to one in which the government needed to prove bad faith on the part of Quality.
Tellingly, Quality makes no allegation that the government in any way acted to prevent it
from obtaining its bonds in a timely way, which would be the only way that we can perceive
that the supposed origin of the bonds in a government program would have any bearing
upon the propriety of the government's termination decision.

       The other arguments contained in appellant's opposition are equally without legal
merit and factual support. The allegation that this case is "unprecedented" (see app.
opp'n at 2), is belied by the cases cited herein. The suggestion that the Antideficiency
Act, 31 U.S.C. § 1341, is somehow implicated in this case (see id.), is not based upon
anything but a letter, not in any way linked to this contract or Quality, that appellant
attached to its opposition that is dated 19 November 2007 (see app. opp'n, ex. A) - more
than seven years prior to the events in question. It cannot in any way constitute evidence
that presents a challenge to the government's decision to terminate the contract for
default. The suggestion that the government's retention of the bid bond had anything to
do with Quality's inability to obtain performance bonds (see app. opp'n at 2), is
supported by no evidence and is contrary to all of the evidence already before us, in
which the subject never arose during the government's many attempts to get Quality to
comply with the contract. We take the remainder of appellant's arguments (see app.
opp'n at 2-3), to constitute a request to simply walk away from the contract, which has no
bearing upon the motion presently before us.




                                              7
                                    CONCLUSION

      For the reasons stated herein, we grant summary judgment in favor of the
government. ASBCA No. 59983 is denied.

      Dated: 5 May 2016



                                                 J.REIBi>ROUTY
                                                 Administrative Judge
                                                 Armed Services Board
                                                 of Contract Appeals


 I concur                                        I concur




~~~
Administrative Judge
                                                 RICHARD SHACKLEFORD
                                                 Administrative Judge
Acting Chairman                                  Vice Chairman
Armed Services Board                             Armed Services Board
of Contract Appeals                              of Contract Appeals



       I certify that the foregoing is a true copy of the Opinion and Decision of the
Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals in ASBCA No. 59983, Appeal of Quality
Trust Inc., rendered in conformance with the Board's Charter.

      Dated:



                                                 JEFFREY D. GARDIN
                                                 Recorder, Armed Services
                                                 Board of Contract Appeals




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