[Cite as Brisco v. U.S. Restoration & Remodeling, Inc., 2019-Ohio-5318.]


                             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

                                   TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

Samuel Lee Brisco, Jr. et al.,                       :

                 Plaintiffs-Appellants,              :

[Kevin J. O'Brien et al.,                            :                       No. 18AP-109
                                                                           (C.P.C. No. 12CV-2577)
                           Appellants],              :
                                                                      (REGULAR CALENDAR)
v.                                                   :

U.S. Restoration & Remodeling, Inc. et al., :

                 Defendants-Appellees.               :




                                           D E C I S I O N

                                   Rendered on December 24, 2019


                 On brief: Kevin O'Brien & Associates Co., L.P.A., Kevin J.
                 O'Brien, and Jeffrey A. Catri, for appellants. Argued:
                 Jeffrey A. Catri.

                 On brief: The Tyack Law Firm Co., L.P.A., James P. Tyack,
                 and Holly B. Cline, for appellees. Argued: James P. Tyack.

                  APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
DORRIAN, J.
        {¶ 1} Plaintiffs-appellants Samuel Lee Brisco, Jr. and Ruth A. Brisco ("plaintiffs"),
and appellants, Kevin J. O'Brien and Jeffrey A. Catri ("plaintiffs' counsel" and when
combined with plaintiffs, "appellants"),1 appeal the January 16, 2018 decision and
judgment entry of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas adopting the magistrate's
decision awarding sanctions to defendants-appellees, U.S. Restoration & Remodeling, Inc.,



1We note that although appellants O'Brien and Catri were counsel in the underlying matter, for ease of
discussion, we refer to them together with plaintiffs for purposes of discussion here.
No. 18AP-109                                                                                  2


Joshua Kanode, Daniel L. Sechriest, and Karen T. Chumley (collectively, "appellees"). For
the following reasons, we affirm.
I. Facts and Procedural History
       {¶ 2} This appeal follows our September 1, 2015 decision in Brisco v. U.S.
Restoration & Remodeling, Inc., 10th Dist. No. 14AP-533, 2015-Ohio-3567. As we
thoroughly discussed the factual and procedural history of this matter in our prior decision,
we adopt such discussion here. See Brisco at ¶ 2-7. In our decision, we found the trial court
did not abuse its discretion by striking plaintiffs' memorandum contra appellees' motion
for summary judgment. Next, we found the trial court did not err by granting summary
judgment in favor of appellees because plaintiffs failed to respond, by affidavit or as
otherwise provided under Civ.R. 56, with specific facts demonstrating a genuine issue of
material fact remained for trial. Finally, we found that, because appellees' motion for
sanctions demonstrated arguable merit by alleging frivolous conduct within the meaning
of R.C. 2323.51(A)(2)(a) and such motion did not on its face reveal the lack of a triable issue,
the trial court erred by denying appellees' motion without either holding a hearing or
making factual findings. As a result, we affirmed in part and reversed in part the judgment
of the trial court and remanded for the limited purpose of conducting a hearing to
determine whether sanctions were appropriate.
       {¶ 3} On remand from this court, on March 10, 2016, the trial court held a hearing
on appellees' motion for sanctions. On the same date as the hearing, plaintiffs filed a
document "giv[ing] notice" to the trial court that they were refiling two documents: (1) their
July 9, 2013 memorandum contra appellees' motion for summary judgment, which had
been stricken by the trial court on July 26, 2013, and (2) their August 28, 2013 motion to
reconsider the trial court's July 26, 2013 decision granting summary judgment in favor of
appellees, which had been denied by the trial court on January 15, 2014. In the filing,
appellants urged the trial court to consider the documents in making its determination on
appellees' motion for sanctions. On March 18, 2016, appellees filed a motion to strike
appellants' March 10, 2016 filing. On March 25, 2016, Samuel L. Brisco, Jr. filed a memo
contra appellees' motion for sanctions.
       {¶ 4} On April 26, 2016, the trial court filed a decision and entry granting appellees'
motion for sanctions, granting appellees' March 18, 2016 motion to strike plaintiffs'
No. 18AP-109                                                                            3


March 10, 2016 filing, and sua sponte striking Brisco, Jr.'s March 25, 2016 memo contra
appellees' motion for sanctions. On October 26, 2017, a magistrate appointed by the trial
court filed a decision following a hearing finding appellees were entitled to recover from
plaintiffs' counsel reasonable attorney fees in the amount of $43,262.50, in addition to
expert witness fees in the amount of $2,275.00, for a total of $45,537.50. On January 16,
2018, the trial court filed a decision and judgment entry adopting the magistrate's
October 26, 2017 decision.
II. Assignments of Error
      {¶ 5} Appellants appeal and assign the following four assignments of error for our
review:
             I. BRISCO TIMELY FILED HIS MEMO CONTRA
             DEFENDANT-APPELLEE'S [sic] MOTION FOR SUMMARY
             JUDGMENT ON JUNE 7, 2013 BUT THE CLERK'S
             ELECTRONIC FILING SYSTEM OVERWROTE IT; BRISCO
             WAS IMPROPERLY DEFAULTED AND DENIED DUE
             PROCESS.

             II. THE RECORD DOES NOT SUPPORT AN AWARD OF
             SANCTIONS     AGAINST    PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT'S
             COUNSEL; THED [sic] TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS
             DISCRETION IN SANCTIONING O'BRIEN AND CATRI.

             III. THE TRIAL COURT FAILED TO HAVE THE HEARING
             REQUIRED BY SECTION 2323.51(B), R.C.

             IV. IN OHIO, A CREDITOR IS NOT PERMITTED TO
             RECOVER ATTORNEY FEES INCURRED IN CONNECTION
             WITH A DEBT COLLECTION SUIT INVOLVING
             PERSONAL, FAMILY OR HOUSEHOLD DEBT UNDER
             GIONIS AND FOSTER; THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN
             AWARDING ATTORNEY FEES TO USRRR.

III. First Assignment of Error—Memorandum Contra Appellees' Motion for
     Summary Judgment

      {¶ 6} In their first assignment of error, appellants assert they timely filed a
memorandum contra appellees' motion for summary judgment, but the electronic filing
system improperly failed to docket the filing. We previously addressed appellants'
contention in Brisco, in which we stated:
No. 18AP-109                                                                              4


              [D]efendants filed their motion for summary judgment on
              May 10, 2013. Plaintiffs sought and received leave to file an
              untimely response on or before June 7, 2013. Despite
              receiving an extension of time to file two weeks after the time
              limit required by Loc.R. 21.01, the record reflects that
              plaintiffs did not file their memorandum contra until July 9,
              2013, approximately one month after the extended deadline,
              without seeking additional leave of court. Plaintiffs assert that
              they did timely file their response on June 7, 2013, but claim
              that the clerk of courts erroneously did not document their
              filing.

              Regardless of the truth of plaintiffs' assertion, it was the
              responsibility of plaintiffs or their counsel to ensure that the
              electronic filing of their response was successful, a
              responsibility that plaintiffs' counsel acknowledges. See Essi
              Acoustical Prods. Co. v. Friedman, 8th Dist. No. 65477
              (May 19, 1994) ("Parties or their attorneys are expected to
              keep themselves apprised of the progress of their case.");
              Carpenter v. Gibson, 10th Dist. No. 98AP-1327 (July 15,
              1999). Although plaintiffs claim that the trial court's staff
              attorney told them to refile their response electronically once
              plaintiffs discovered that the docket did not reflect the filing
              of their memorandum contra, plaintiffs did not file for leave
              from the court to do so. Moreover, plaintiffs were clearly
              aware of the need to seek the court's leave to file a response
              outside of the rule since they had already sought leave to
              untimely file their memorandum contra.

              As plaintiffs did not file an affidavit demonstrating good cause
              for their untimely filing or respond to the motion to strike, we
              cannot find that the trial court abused its discretion by
              striking plaintiffs' response, which was filed without leave of
              the court after the extended period of time previously granted
              for filing.

Brisco at ¶ 13-15.
       {¶ 7} "The law of the case doctrine provides that the decision of a reviewing court
in a case remains the law of that case on the legal questions involved for all subsequent
proceedings in the case at both the trial and reviewing levels." (Citations and quotations
omitted.) Yurkowski v. Univ. of Cincinnati, 10th Dist. No. 13AP-1049, 2015-Ohio-1511, ¶ 6.
"The law of the case doctrine is rooted in principles of res judicata and issue preclusion."
State v. Harding, 10th Dist. No. 10AP-370, 2011-Ohio-557, ¶ 16, citing State v. Fischer, 128
No. 18AP-109                                                                                   5


Ohio St.3d 92, 2010-Ohio-6238, ¶ 35. The law of the case doctrine "ensures consistent
results in a case, avoids endless litigation by settling the issues, and preserves the
constitutional structure of superior and inferior courts." Farmers State Bank v. Sponaugle,
157 Ohio St.3d 151, 2019-Ohio-2518, ¶ 22, citing Giancola v. Azem, 153 Ohio St.3d 594,
2018-Ohio-1694, ¶ 14. Courts consider the law of the case doctrine to be a rule of practice,
rather than one of substantive law, and will not apply it to achieve unjust results. Browne
v. Artex Oil Co., __ Ohio St.3d __, 2019-Ohio-4809, ¶ 11, citing Nolan v. Nolan, 11 Ohio
St.3d 1, 3 (1984).
       {¶ 8} As we resolved in Brisco the same issue that appellants raise again in their
first assignment of error, the law of the case doctrine precludes our review of such issue in
the present matter. Yurkowski at ¶ 9. Accordingly, we overrule appellants' first assignment
of error.
IV. Second, Third, and Fourth Assignments of Error—Award for Frivolous
    Conduct

       {¶ 9} Appellant's second, third, and fourth assignments of error all pertain to the
trial court's award for frivolous conduct pursuant to R.C. 2323.51. We begin by reviewing
the applicable law and precedent for such awards.
A. Applicable Law
       {¶ 10} With regard to the recovery of attorney fees, Ohio generally follows the
"American rule" under which each party is responsible for paying for its own attorney fees.
Gianetti v. Teakwood, Ltd., 10th Dist. No. 17AP-606, 2018-Ohio-1621, ¶ 10; Forrester v.
Mercker, 10th Dist. No. 15AP-833, 2016-Ohio-3080, ¶ 11. Among exceptions to this rule, a
court may award attorney fees when specifically authorized by statute. Gianetti at ¶ 10;
Orth v. Ohio Dept. of Edn., 10th Dist. No. 14AP-937, 2015-Ohio-3977, ¶ 12 (listing
exceptions).
       {¶ 11} Pursuant to R.C. 2323.51(B)(1), a court may "award * * * court costs,
reasonable attorney's fees, and other reasonable expenses incurred in connection with the
civil action or appeal * * * to any party to the civil action or appeal who was adversely
affected by frivolous conduct." "Conduct" includes "[t]he filing of a civil action, the
assertion of a claim, defense, or other position in connection with a civil action, the filing of
a pleading, motion, or other paper in a civil action, including, but not limited to, a motion
No. 18AP-109                                                                               6


or paper filed for discovery purposes, or the taking of any other action in connection with a
civil action." R.C. 2323.51(A)(1)(a). "Frivolous conduct" means the conduct of a party to a
civil action or the party's counsel that satisfies any of the following:
              (i) It obviously serves merely to harass or maliciously injure
              another party to the civil action or appeal or is for another
              improper purpose, including, but not limited to, causing
              unnecessary delay or a needless increase in the cost of
              litigation.

              (ii) It is not warranted under existing law, cannot be
              supported by a good faith argument for an extension,
              modification, or reversal of existing law, or cannot be
              supported by a good faith argument for the establishment of
              new law.

              (iii) The conduct consists of allegations or other factual
              contentions that have no evidentiary support or, if specifically
              so identified, are not likely to have evidentiary support after a
              reasonable opportunity for further investigation or discovery.

              (iv) The conduct consists of denials or factual contentions that
              are not warranted by the evidence or, if specifically so
              identified, are not reasonably based on a lack of information
              or belief.

R.C. 2323.51(A)(2)(a).
       {¶ 12} R.C. 2323.51(B)(2) governs the procedures that must be followed in order to
make an award under R.C. 2323.51(B)(1), providing in pertinent part as follows:
              An award may be made pursuant to division (B)(1) of this
              section upon the motion of a party to a civil action or an appeal
              of the type described in that division or on the court's own
              initiative, but only after the court does all of the following:

              (a) Sets a date for a hearing to be conducted in accordance
              with division (B)(2)(c) of this section, to determine whether
              particular conduct was frivolous, to determine, if the conduct
              was frivolous, whether any party was adversely affected by it,
              and to determine, if an award is to be made, the amount of
              that award;

              (b) Gives notice of the date of the hearing described in division
              (B)(2)(a) of this section to each party or counsel of record who
              allegedly engaged in frivolous conduct and to each party who
              allegedly was adversely affected by frivolous conduct;
No. 18AP-109                                                                                   7



              (c) Conducts the hearing described in division (B)(2)(a) of this
              section in accordance with this division, allows the parties and
              counsel of record involved to present any relevant evidence at
              the hearing, including evidence of the type described in
              division (B)(5) of this section, determines that the conduct
              involved was frivolous and that a party was adversely affected
              by it, and then determines the amount of the award to be
              made.

Thus, when considering a motion for an award under R.C. 2323.51(B)(1), the court must
hold a hearing to determine whether the alleged conduct was frivolous, whether any party
was adversely affected by it, and the amount of the award, if any is to be made. Crown
Chrysler Jeep, Inc. v. Boulware, 10th Dist. No. 15AP-162, 2015-Ohio-5084, ¶ 41-42, citing
Bennett v. Martin, 10th Dist. No. 13AP-99, 2013-Ohio-5445, ¶ 17.
       {¶ 13} No single standard of review applies in R.C. 2323.51 cases. Breen v. Total
Quality Logistics, 10th Dist. No. 16AP-3, 2017-Ohio-439, ¶ 11, citing Judd v. Meszaros, 10th
Dist. No. 10AP-1189, 2011-Ohio-4983, ¶ 18, citing Wiltberger v. Davis, 110 Ohio App.3d
46, 51 (10th Dist.1996). In order to determine the standard of review, we must consider
" 'whether the trial court's determination resulted from factual findings or a legal analysis.' "
Gianetti at ¶ 12, quoting Breen at ¶ 11. We review legal questions de novo. Indep. Taxicab
Assn. of Columbus v. Abate, 10th Dist. No. 08AP-44, 2008-Ohio-4070, ¶ 13, citing Stuller
v. Price, 10th Dist. No. 03AP-30, 2003-Ohio-6826, ¶ 14. We accord deference to the trial
court's factual determinations and will not disturb the same where the record contains
competent, credible evidence to support such findings. Breen at ¶ 11; Abate at ¶ 13;
Southard Supply, Inc. v. Anthem Contrs., Inc., 10th Dist. No. 16AP-545, 2017-Ohio-7298,
¶ 15. Finally, where a trial court has found frivolous conduct, "the decision whether to
assess a penalty lies within the sound discretion of the trial court" and will not be reversed
absent an abuse of discretion. Breen at ¶ 11, citing Judd at ¶ 19.
B. Second Assignment of Error
       {¶ 14} In their second assignment of error, appellants assert the trial court abused
its discretion in finding that appellants engaged in frivolous conduct. In its decision, the
trial court found that "[p]laintiffs' claims lacked any evidentiary basis" and, furthermore,
"[p]laintiffs' counsel should have discovered such claims lacked factual and legal support
upon a reasonable investigation into such claims." (Apr. 22, 2016 Decision & Entry at 4.)
No. 18AP-109                                                                                  8


Thus, although the trial court did not cite the specific statutory section upon which it relied,
it appears the trial court found appellants' conduct to be frivolous under R.C.
2323.51(A)(2)(a)(iii). "[A] party only needs minimal evidentiary support for its allegations
or factual contentions in order to avoid a frivolous conduct finding" under R.C.
2323.51(A)(2)(a)(iii). Carasalina LLC v. Bennett, 10th Dist. No. 14AP-74, 2014-Ohio-5665,
¶ 36. "If a party makes an allegation or factual contention on information or belief, then
the party must have the opportunity to investigate the truth of that allegation or factual
contention." Id. However, if a party persists in relying on an allegation or factual contention
where no evidence supports it, then a trial court may find the party has engaged in frivolous
conduct under R.C. 2323.51(A)(2)(a)(iii). Id.
       {¶ 15} Whether conduct is frivolous pursuant to R.C. 2323.51(A)(2)(a)(iii) is a
question of fact. Southard at ¶ 14. Therefore, an appellate court will not disturb a finding
of frivolous conduct under R.C. 2323.51(A)(2)(a)(iii) unless the record lacks competent,
credible evidence to support the trial court's determination. Id. at ¶ 15; Carasalina at ¶ 37.
       {¶ 16} In analyzing whether appellants' claims were frivolous, the trial court first
examined plaintiffs' claim for a violation of the Ohio Home Solicitation Sales Act under R.C.
1345.21 et seq. With respect to that claim, plaintiffs alleged appellees failed to provide
plaintiffs with a notice of cancellation as required under R.C. 1345.23(B)(2) and failed to
provide notice of the date by which plaintiffs could cancel and the name and address where
plaintiffs were to send their notice of cancellation as required by R.C. 1345.23(B)(2) and
(3). As noted in our prior decision, appellees attached to their motion for summary
judgment a copy of a document labeled "NOTICE OF CANCELLATION." Brisco at ¶ 23.
The document contained appellees' address at their place of business and a date for the
cancellation to be effective. Brisco, Jr. admitted in his deposition that his signature was on
the document. Therefore, we find competent, credible evidence supports the trial court's
finding of frivolous conduct with regard to plaintiffs' claim under the Ohio Home
Solicitation Sales Act.
       {¶ 17} Second, the trial court examined plaintiffs' claim for a violation of the Ohio
Consumer Sales Practices Act ("CSPA") under R.C. 1345.02 and 1345.03. Plaintiffs alleged
in their complaint that appellees made misrepresentations and committed a variety of
unfair or deceptive consumer sales practices. In our prior decision, we found the following:
No. 18AP-109                                                                                  9


              In his deposition, Mr. Brisco stated that defendants did not
              "misrepresent anything" and specifically that they did not
              "misrepresent[] anything * * * regarding the goods or services
              that could be provided." (S. Brisco Depo., 33.) Next, in
              response to plaintiffs' claim that they failed to perform
              services in a competent, satisfactory, and workmanlike
              manner and failed or refused to correct substantial work or
              defects, defendants pointed to Mr. Brisco's deposition in
              which he stated that defendants did not perform any repairs
              to his house and that he had no complaints about the work
              that they in fact never began. Mr. Brisco further stated that, as
              defendants never performed any work on his roof, he did not
              expect any warranties and that defendants made no
              representations to him regarding warranties.

Brisco at ¶ 25. Therefore, we find competent, credible evidence exists to support the trial
court's finding of frivolous conduct with regard to plaintiffs' CSPA claim.
       {¶ 18} Appellants also assert that, under the doctrine of collateral estoppel,
appellees should be precluded from arguing frivolous conduct with regard to the CSPA
claim because appellees were found to have violated the CSPA in other cases. Appellants
failed to raise their collateral estoppel argument in the trial court and cannot raise the same
for the first time on appeal. Open Container, Ltd. v. CB Richard Ellis, Inc., 10th Dist. No.
14AP-133, 2015-Ohio-85, ¶ 22, citing State ex rel. Zollner v. Indus. Comm., 66 Ohio St.3d
276, 278 (1993); Lycan v. Cleveland, 8th Dist. No. 107700, 2019-Ohio-3510, ¶ 33 (finding
city waived its res judicata argument by not raising it before the trial court); State v. Chapa,
10th Dist. No. 04AP-66, 2004-Ohio-5070, ¶ 19.
       {¶ 19} Third, with regard to plaintiffs' claim for fraud, the trial court found
"[p]laintiffs' counsel failed to allege a proper complaint for fraud" by failing to allege that
appellees "made the alleged misrepresentations with the intent of misleading [p]laintiffs
into relying on them." (Apr. 22, 2016 Decision & Entry at 3.) Based on the language of the
decision, it is unclear as to which of the statutory grounds provided in R.C. 2323.51(A)(2)(a)
the trial court utilized in making its determination. It is possible to construe the court's
analysis pursuant to R.C. 2323.51(A)(2)(a)(ii) that the claim is not warranted under existing
law. However, because we find that competent, credible evidence exists to support a finding
of frivolous conduct under R.C. 2323.51(A)(2)(a)(iii), we ultimately conclude the trial court
No. 18AP-109                                                                                               10


did not err in finding frivolous conduct with regard to appellants' claim for fraud.2 See
Hassey v. Columbus, 10th Dist. No. 17AP-726, 2018-Ohio-3958, ¶ 33 (finding erroneous
basis for judgment not grounds for reversal where judgment is legally correct on other
grounds and, therefore, not prejudicial); Interim HealthCare of Columbus, Inc. v. State
Dept. of Adm. Servs., 10th Dist. No. 07AP-747, 2008-Ohio-2286, ¶ 11; Arth Brass &
Aluminum Castings, Inc. v. Ryan, 10th Dist. No. 07AP-811, 2008-Ohio-1109, ¶ 14.
        {¶ 20} In their complaint, plaintiffs asserted appellees made four separate
representations "with knowledge of their falsity, or with such utter disregard and
recklessness as to whether such representations were true or false that knowledge may be
inferred or with fraudulent intent and actual malice." (Am. Compl. at 10.) Furthermore,
plaintiffs alleged that they "reasonably relied on [appellees'] false statements of fact." (Am.
Compl. at 11.) However, in his deposition testimony, Brisco, Jr. stated that appellees did
not "misrepresent[] anything" with regard to "[a]ny of the representations made" by
appellees. (Brisco, Jr. Depo. at 33.) Furthermore, Brisco, Jr. stated he did not have any
information or evidence that led him to believe appellees knowingly made a misleading
statement to him and that he relied on such statement. (Brisco, Jr. Depo. at 39.) Therefore,
we find competent, credible evidence supports the trial court's determination that
appellants engaged in frivolous conduct with regard to the fraud claim.
        {¶ 21} Finally, with regard to plaintiffs' slander of title claim, the trial court found it
was barred by the statute of limitations. Furthermore, the trial court found that Brisco, Jr.'s

2 We note as well the analysis in the prior decision may be informative: Brisco, Jr. stated he believed
defendants misled him because he was unable to read the documents he signed, and he believed he was only
signing a document that permitted defendants to contact his insurance company. As stated in Ed Schory &
Sons, Inc. v. Francis, 75 Ohio St.3d 433 (1996), generally, under Ohio law:

                "A person of ordinary mind cannot say that he was misled into signing a
                paper which was different from what he intended to sign when he could have
                known the truth by merely looking when he signed. * * * If this were
                permitted, contracts would not be worth the paper on which they are
                written. If a person can read and is not prevented from reading what he
                signs, he alone is responsible for his omission to read what he signs."

Id. at 441, quoting Dice v. Akron, Canton & Youngstown RR. Co., 155 Ohio St. 185, 191 (1951). See also Nesco
Sales & Rental v. Superior Elec. Co., 10th Dist. No. 06AP-435, 2007-Ohio-844, ¶ 20-22. Importantly, Brisco,
Jr. does not allege that he informed defendants he was unable to read the documents he signed or that
defendants were otherwise aware of his alleged inability to read the documents. Although he could not recall
specifically whether or not he told defendants he could not read the documents, he stated he did not "normally
tell anybody that I'm blind in my left eye." (Jan. 31, 2013 Brisco, Jr. Depo. at 45.)
No. 18AP-109                                                                                                   11


deposition testimony revealed he could not prove damages with respect to that claim.
Therefore, based on Brisco, Jr.'s deposition testimony, we find competent, credible
evidence supports the trial court's determination with regard to the slander of title claim.
        {¶ 22} Accordingly, we overrule appellants' second assignment of error.
C. Third Assignment of Error
        {¶ 23} In their third assignment of error, appellants assert the trial court erred by
failing to hold a hearing in compliance with R.C. 2323.51(B)(2). Appellants acknowledge
the trial court conducted proceedings on March 10, 2016 to determine whether appellants'
conduct was frivolous. However, appellants argue the proceedings were in violation of due
process because appellees did not present any evidence but, rather, relied on evidence
already in the record to support their contention that appellants committed frivolous
conduct.
        {¶ 24} Here, appellants have failed to provide this court with a complete transcript
of the March 10, 2016 hearing.3 Because the appellant bears the burden of showing error
by reference to matters in the record, the appellant is under a duty to provide a transcript
for purposes of appellate review. Studley v. Biehl, 10th Dist. No. 18AP-11, 2018-Ohio-2274,
¶ 12; Knapp v. Edwards Laboratories, 61 Ohio St.2d 197, 199 (1980). See App.R. 9(B).
Absent a transcript, we " 'must presume the regularity of the proceedings below.' " Studley
at ¶ 13, quoting Lee v. Ohio Dept. of Job & Family Servs., 1oth Dist. No. 06AP-625, 2006-
Ohio-6658, ¶ 10, citing Edwards v. Cardwell, 10th Dist. No. 05AP-430, 2005-Ohio-6758,
¶ 4-6. " ' "Where a party to an appeal fails to file portions of the transcript necessary for
resolution of his assignments of error, the assignments will be overruled." ' " Walker v.
Hughes, 10th Dist. No. 16AP-671, 2017-Ohio-9029, ¶ 15, quoting Lee at ¶ 10, quoting
Maloney v. Maloney, 34 Ohio App.3d 9 (11th Dist.1986), syllabus. See State ex rel. Greene
v. Montgomery Cty. Bd. of Elections, 121 Ohio St.3d 631, 2009-Ohio-1716, ¶ 22 (finding
that it had no choice but to presume validity of the lower court's proceedings because no

3We note appellants cite to a document entitled "Notice of Filing Transcript of Proceedings," which Brisco,
Jr. filed in the trial court on September 25, 2017. In the notice, Brisco, Jr. stated the filing contained the
"Transcript of Proceedings" from the "hearing on March 10, 2016." (Sept. 25, 2017 Notice at 1.) However, the
purported transcript attached to the notice was not signed or certified by the court reporter as a "true, correct,
and complete transcript of the proceedings in this matter on Thursday, March 10, 2016." (Notice at 13.)
Furthermore, the markings on the purported transcript indicate that it may be incomplete. As a result, we
cannot find that the purported transcript is complete for purposes of enabling proper appellate review. See
State v. Lopez-Tolentino, 10th Dist. No. 19AP-280, 2019-Ohio-4778, ¶ 12, fn. 1.
No. 18AP-109                                                                                 12


complete transcript appeared in the record and appellant had the duty to "provide the
pertinent portions of the transcript for this appeal"); Sopp v. Turner, 10th Dist. No. 10AP-
25, 2010-Ohio-4021, ¶ 18; State v. Carrasquillo, 9th Dist. No. 09CA009639, 2010-Ohio-
1373, ¶ 34. Therefore, insofar as appellants' argument relates to any alleged error at the
March 10, 2016 hearing, we must presume regularity in the trial court proceedings and
overrule appellants' assignment of error.
       {¶ 25} Further, appellants do not contend that they objected to the trial court's
procedure or the admission of the record as evidence at the March 10, 2016 hearing.
Because appellants failed to object in the trial court, we may apply a plain error standard of
review. In re L.W., 10th Dist. No. 17AP-586, 2018-Ohio-2099, ¶ 36; Patton v. Ditmyer, 4th
Dist. No. 05CA12, 2006-Ohio-7107, ¶ 59 (finding plain error standard applied where
appellants failed to object to trial court taking judicial notice of proceedings at attorney fee
hearing). In civil cases, the plain error doctrine is not favored and may only be applied in
the extremely rare case involving exceptional circumstances such that the error, if left
uncorrected, would challenge the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of the judicial
process itself. Bonds v. Hinkle, 10th Dist. No. 18AP-606, 2019-Ohio-1016, ¶ 8; L.W. at ¶
36, citing In re Moore, 10th Dist. No. 04AP-229, 2005-Ohio-747, ¶ 8, citing Goldfuss v.
Davidson, 79 Ohio St.3d 116, 122 (1997). "The error must be clearly apparent on the face
of the record and prejudicial to the appellant." Bonds at ¶ 8.
       {¶ 26} In Jackson v. Bellomy, 10th Dist. No. 01AP-1397, 2002-Ohio-6495, we
considered whether a trial court erred in finding frivolous conduct based on the record of
the proceedings contained in the court's case file. In that case, the appellees, who in the
trial court sought sanctions pursuant to R.C. 2323.51, "declined to introduce witness
testimony" at the frivolous conduct hearing. Jackson at ¶ 46. Instead, counsel for appellees
"inform[ed] the court that the evidence he would submit for consideration was fully
developed and documented within the court's case file," and, therefore, "in the interest of
time and efficiency, he referred the court to the record." Id. We found that "because of the
intensely factual nature of the case at bar coupled with the trial judge's knowledge of the
history of proceedings," it would be an "unnecessarily 'pointless gesture' " to require the
appellees "to reproduce evidence of documents and proceedings already in the record." Id.
at ¶ 47, quoting Murrell v. Williamsburg Local School Dist., 92 Ohio App.3d 92, 96 (12th
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Dist.1993).   Therefore, based on the evidence in the record of the proceedings and
testimony elicited from witnesses by appellant at the hearing, we found there was
competent, credible evidence to support the trial court's finding.
       {¶ 27} Here, appellants failed to object to the trial court's consideration of the record
of proceedings. Furthermore, appellants do not contend they were prevented from
challenging such material in the record by the introduction of testimony or other
evidentiary materials. Therefore, based on our decision in Jackson, we cannot find the trial
court's consideration of evidence already contained in the record of the proceedings in
making its determination on the existence of frivolous conduct under R.C. 2323.51
constitutes exceptional circumstances necessitating application of the plain error doctrine.
See Grove v. Gamma Ctr., 3d Dist. No. 9-14-29, 2015-Ohio-1180, ¶ 65; Patton at ¶ 65-66;
Sopp at ¶ 15-16.
       {¶ 28} Accordingly, we overrule appellants' third assignment of error.
D. Fourth Assignment of Error
       {¶ 29} In their fourth assignment of error, appellants assert the trial court erred by
awarding attorney fees incurred through participation in a debt collection action involving
personal, family, or household debt. In support of their argument, appellants cite to R.C.
1345.031 and 1319.02. The cited statutes, which deal with unconscionable acts or practices
concerning residential mortgages and enforcement of a commitment to pay attorney fees
in a commercial contract of indebtedness, are inapposite to the present matter. Appellees'
motion pursuant to R.C. 2323.51 sought attorney fees and other expenses from plaintiffs'
counsel due to their frivolous conduct, not from plaintiffs in the context of R.C. 1345.031
and 1319.02. As a result, we find appellants' argument to be without merit.
       {¶ 30} Accordingly, we overrule appellants' fourth assignment of error.
V. Conclusion
       {¶ 31} Having overruled appellants' four assignments of error, we affirm the
judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas.
                                                                          Judgment affirmed.
                          BRUNNER and McGRATH, JJ., concur.

              McGRATH, J., retired, formerly of the Tenth Appellate District,
              Assigned to active duty under authority of the Ohio
              Constitution, Article IV, Section 6(C).
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