        IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                         AT KNOXVILLE
                                  April 25, 2012 Session

      STATE OF TENNESSEE v. ALBERT FRANKLIN THOMPKINS

                   Appeal from the Criminal Court for Knox County
                       No. 88844      Steven W. Sword, Judge


               No. E2011-02170-CCA-R3-CD - Filed September 6, 2012


The Defendant, Albert Franklin Thompkins, appeals as of right from the trial court’s
revocation of his enhanced probation and reinstatement of his eight-year sentence for rape.
The Defendant contends that the trial court abused its discretion in revoking his probation
because the State failed to prove that he had violated the terms of his probation in a
substantial way in that he had not committed any new crimes nor was there any evidence that
he had failed any drug screens. Following our review, we affirm the trial court’s revocation
of the Defendant’s probation and order that the Defendant execute his original sentence in
confinement.

 Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed

D. K ELLY T HOMAS, J R., J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which N ORMA M CG EE O GLE
and R OBERT W. W EDEMEYER, JJ., joined.

Wesley Stone, Knoxville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Albert Franklin Thompkins.

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; John H. Bledsoe, Senior Counsel;
Randall E. Nichols, District Attorney General; and Leslie Nassios, Assistant District Attorney
General, for the State of Tennessee.

                                         OPINION

                               FACTUAL BACKGROUND

       The Defendant was indicted for aggravated rape, a Class A felony, and aggravated
assault, a Class C felony, on April 1, 2008. Counsel was appointed and a trial date was set.1
The Defendant pled nolo contendre to the reduced charge of rape, a Class B felony, on
February 11, 2009, and was sentenced to eight years in the Department of Correction (DOC),
at 100% release eligibility as a violent offender. The aggravated assault charge was
dismissed. The Defendant’s sentence was suspended, and he was placed on enhanced
probation for 6 years and 351 days with pre-trial jail credit from January 28, 2008, to
February 11, 2009. Under the terms of the agreement, the Defendant was required to comply
with the laws of any city, state, or the United States; pay court costs; have no contact with
the victim; register as a sex offender; and follow the rules of probation for sex offenders.

        On March 9, 2011, the Defendant’s probation officer, Brandy Winston, filed a
probation violation affidavit alleging that the Defendant had violated the rules of his
probation. In the affidavit, Ms. Winston alleged that the Defendant had (1) “failed to obey
the rules of GPS monitoring”; (2) “failed not to use intoxicants of any kind to excess, or use
or have in his possession narcotic drugs or marijuana”; and (3) “failed to abide by the
Specialized Rules for Probation[,]” specifically the requirement that he “participate in sex
offender treatment classes.” A violation warrant was issued for the Defendant, and he was
taken into custody.

       The hearing on the probation violation warrant was held on September 8, 2011.2 The
State presented the Defendant’s probation officer, Ms. Winston, as a witness, and the
Defendant testified on his own behalf at the revocation hearing. Ms. Winston testified that
the Defendant was placed on probation on February 11, 2009, and that she had been
supervising the Defendant since January 2011. Ms. Winston explained that since the
Defendant commenced probation, he had been placed on GPS monitoring and drug
screening. She noted that the Defendant’s criminal history involved theft, criminal
trespassing, assault, driving on a suspended license, disorderly conduct, and public
intoxication. Ms. Winston also testified that the Defendant’s probation had been revoked in
the past.

       Ms. Winston testified that the Defendant committed a number of violations forming
the basis for the violation warrant, the first involving his GPS monitoring. She explained that
he was placed on GPS in March of 2010 because he received a high score on the Vermont


1
    Prior to the disposition of this case, there was a change of counsel and a number of continuances.
2
  Before any evidence was presented, the trial judge informed the Defendant of his prior employment with
the District Attorney's office, stated his ability to rule on the Defendant's case impartially, and asked the
Defendant if he desired to waive any potential conflicts; the Defendant consented to the trial judge's
presiding over the hearing.

                                                      -2-
Sex Offender Assessment. Ms. Winston testified that on eight different occasions, the
Defendant had “cuff leaves, which means he’s left his personal tracking device away from
his person which distorts the tracking system[.]” Ms. Winston also testified that the only
excuse the Defendant ever provided her regarding why he failed to have his GPS monitor on
his person was that “he just forgot.” Ms. Winston further testified that the Defendant also
“had two inclusions on violations, which means he was at a residence where he was not
supposed to be.” She explained that both violations involved the Defendant’s presence at
Walter P. Taylor housing projects, on two different occasions, and that he was not supposed
to be there because his sex offender restrictions prohibited him from being in that housing
project. Ms. Winston further explained that the Defendant had to sign a Tennessee Bureau
of Investigation (TBI) form when he was placed on probation that detailed all the places
where sex offenders are not allowed to go.

        Ms. Winston testified that the Defendant also violated his probation terms when he
failed two drug screens, testing positive for marijuana. However, the accompanying lab
results of those tests were not admitted into evidence because Ms. Winston was not present
when the tests were administered. Nonetheless, Ms. Winston testified that the Defendant
admitted to her that he was in close proximity to people who were smoking an illegal
substance.

        Regarding the final basis alleged in the violation warrant, Ms. Winston testified that
the Defendant was required to attend sex offender treatment classes but was “effectively
removed from treatment class after they noticed that he had disruptive behavior.” Ms.
Winston explained that the treatment provider sent her a letter stating that “they had tested
him, and he had tested positive for alcohol, and so they asked him to be removed from the
class.” Ms. Winston testified that she discussed the incident with the Defendant and, while
he denied being high or drunk, he neither denied being disruptive nor offered an excuse as
to why the treatment provider accused him of being disruptive. Ms. Winston also testified
that the Defendant had missed six of those weekly sex offender classes prior to his removal
from the program.

       Additionally, Ms. Winston noted that the Defendant was not current in his probation
related fees: he was $1285 behind on his probation fees and had failed to pay the $50 GPS
fee and the $150 sex offender registration fee.

        Ms. Winston testified that she was not willing to supervise the Defendant and get him
into compliance, nor did she think it was possible. She explained that the Defendant “holds
back some things . . . doesn’t come out truthfully[,]” and “kind of walks around the
situation.” However, Ms. Winston testified that the Defendant had never missed an
appointment with her.

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        On cross-examination, Ms. Winston stated that the sex offender treatment provider
who removed the Defendant from the program had agreed to allow the Defendant to return
to the program. Ms. Winston also stated that, prior to December 7, 2010, the Defendant did
not have any problems reporting to his sex offender treatment program.

        Regarding the GPS monitoring device, Ms. Winston testified that – despite the
Defendant’s assertion that his cuff violations were due to an equipment malfunction – if a
GPS monitor malfunctioned, the monitoring center would have called her and informed her
of such. She also testified that the Defendant’s previous probation officer placed him on
GPS monitoring and that she presumed the Defendant did not have any cuff violation while
being supervised by his previous officer because there were no notations in the Defendant’s
file to suggest otherwise.

          The Defendant testified on his own behalf at the hearing. When asked about his
family members, the Defendant explained, “they’re mainly out in Walter P. [Taylor housing
project]. That’s where I mainly get to see some of my grand kids and great grandbaby. Why
they tell me I cannot go there, I don’t understand that neither.” The Defendant testified that
he also went to the housing project to talk to the office manager about reinstating his former
apartment there and to inquire as to how much his reinstatement would cost. He testified that
he was living in the Walter P. Taylor housing project when the underlying offense occurred.

       The Defendant explained that he was behind on his court fees because he only had
temporary employment when he started probation and that he had only recently started
receiving disability income. The Defendant contended that he was “just getting ready to pay
up his debt to everyone . . . right before [he] came to jail[.]” Regarding the $150 TBI fee,
the Defendant insisted that he had paid the fee. The Defendant also insisted that he was
unaware that he was responsible for paying $50 for GPS monitoring. However, the
Defendant testified that he could satisfy all of his probation and court-related obligations if
the court reinstated his probation. The Defendant explained, “[the r]eason things started
going downhill was within 16 days I lost 10 of my best friends.” He asked the court to
reinstate his probationary status and stated that he “could get all the necessary things done
as agreed the first time.”

        On cross-examination, the Defendant admitted that he had eight cuff violations and
that he told Ms. Winston that he had forgotten to wear the GPS monitor a couple of times.
He explained, “I would leave it at home, and then when I would get on the bus and realized
that I didn’t have it because the little ankle bracelet kind of gives a little vibration on my leg.”
The Defendant admitted that he was “around all the people that was doing the marijuana.”
The Defendant also admitted that he “hit a joint or two” while on probation but insisted that
he did not make a habit of smoking marijuana. The Defendant admitted that he missed

                                                -4-
several sex offender treatment classes but stated that he could not remember the exact dates;
however, he insisted that he was “probably sick.”

        On redirect, the Defendant testified that he only missed six out of fifty-two of his
weekly sex offender treatment classes. He insisted that he attended all of the meetings unless
he was having hip issues or otherwise hurting. The Defendant testified that he did not recall
missing any meetings in 2011. The Defendant also explained that he used the marijuana that
he testified about on cross-examination “after the funerals and everybody gets together, you
know, remembering the old days.”

        In revoking the Defendant’s probation, the trial court found that the Defendant had
violated his probation for the following reasons: (1) his failure to attend six sex offender
treatment classes; (2) his lack of effort to pay the fees for the treatment classes; (3) his
intoxication at a sex offender treatment class; (4) his use of a controlled substance; and (5)
his failure to abide by the rules of GPS monitoring. The trial court noted that rape is a
serious offense and that getting probation for committing such an act is unusual. The trial
court explained,

              [w]hat strikes me the most is that you knew for a fact that you could not
       go into Walter P. Taylor, not only because, as someone on community
       supervision for life and this sex offender probation, you’re not allowed to go
       into those types of projects, but that is the very place where the offense
       occurred, and that is quite disturbing to the Court, and it shows to me that you
       show an unwillingness to follow the rules of the Court and you’ll do what you
       want to do, whether you’re suffering from grief or you just want to see your
       family, and for anyone--for the public safety interest . . . we have to know
       where you are at all time. One time would be unacceptable. In your case you
       violated a GPS 10 times: Eight times for not having the monitor with you, and
       twice for going where you shouldn’t go.

               In addition to that, your use of controlled substance is disturbing to the
       Court. Not only is that a crime, but that affects your ability to think and reason
       and increases your likelihood of making poor decisions, and you have shown
       in the past that when you make a poor decision, people get hurt.

              And so I find that you’re a great risk to the public safety, the way you
       have conducted yourself on probation. I have no confidence that you can be
       successful based on that history, and so I will revoke your probation at this
       time and order that you complete your sentence in the Tennessee Department
       of Corrections.

                                              -5-
       The Defendant perfected a timely appeal.


                                         ANALYSIS

        The Defendant contends that the State failed to prove that he had violated the terms
of his probation in a substantial way and that the trial court abused its discretion in revoking
his probation because of “these alleged technical violations.” The Defendant also contends
that the trial court “had other options at its disposal other than ordering the Defendant’s
sentence into execution” given that he had not committed any new crimes nor was there any
evidence that he had failed any drug screens during the two years he had been released into
the community. The State responds that the trial court may, within its discretion, revoke the
Defendant’s probation for the stated violations and that the preponderance of the evidence
supports the trial court’s determination.

       A trial court may revoke a sentence of probation upon finding by a preponderance of
the evidence that the defendant has violated the conditions of his release. Tenn. Code Ann.
§ 40–35–311(e). A trial court is not required to find that a violation of probation occurred
beyond a reasonable doubt. Stamps v. State, 614 S.W.2d 71, 73 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1980).
“The evidence need only show [that the trial court] has exercised conscientious judgment in
making the decision rather than acting arbitrarily.” Id. Upon finding by a preponderance of
the evidence that a defendant has violated the conditions of his release, the trial court “shall
have the right . . . to revoke the probation and suspension of sentence” and either “commence
the execution of the judgment as originally entered” or “[r]esentence the defendant for the
remainder of the unexpired term to any community-based alternative to incarceration.” Tenn.
Code Ann. § 40–35–311(e).

        In a probation revocation hearing, the credibility of the witnesses is determined by the
trial court. State v. Mitchell, 810 S.W.2d 733, 735 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1991). On appeal, we
will not disturb the trial court’s decision to revoke probation absent an abuse of discretion.
State v. Shaffer, 45 S.W.3d 553, 554 (Tenn. 2001); see also State v. Reams, 265 S.W.3d 423,
430 (Tenn. Crim. App. 2007). We will grant relief only when “‘the trial court’s logic and
reasoning was improper when viewed in light of the factual circumstances and relevant legal
principles involved.’” Shaffer, 45 S.W.3d at 555 (quoting State v. Moore, 6 S.W.3d 235, 242
(Tenn. 1999)). In reviewing the trial court’s findings, it is our obligation to examine the
record and determine whether the trial court has exercised a conscientious, rather than an
arbitrary, judgment. Mitchell, 810 S.W.2d at 735. An arbitrary judgment “‘reflects that the
trial court’s logic and reasoning was improper when viewed in light of the factual
circumstances and relevant legal principles involved in a particular case.’” Shaffer, 45

                                              -6-
S.W.3d at 555 (quoting State v. Moore, 6 S.W.3d 235, 242 (Tenn. 1999)).

        In the instant case, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by
finding that the Defendant violated the terms of his probation. The Defendant admitted that
he left his GPS monitoring device away from his person on multiple occasions and that, on
at least two occasions, he visited the Walter P. Taylor housing projects, premises to which
sex offenders are prohibited from going. The Defendant also admitted that he consumed
marijuana while on probation. The Defendant acknowledged that he missed six of his
required sex offender treatment classes and that he was behind on his fees. Additionally, Ms.
Winston’s testimony that the Defendant was removed from his sex offender treatment classes
for being disruptive and testing positive for alcohol consumption was undisputed. Contrary
to the Defendant’s assertion that the trial court erred in revoking his probation because his
violations were technical in nature, we are aware of no rule that prohibits the trial court from
revoking a defendant’s probation based on technical violations. Furthermore, by the
Defendant’s own admission, his violations were not “merely technical” because he admitted
to consuming marijuana – which is a crime – and violating the TBI community supervision
for life rules prohibiting him from being in the Walter P. Taylor housing projects. These
housing projects are also the place were the underlying offense was committed, and the
Defendant knowingly violated this restriction at least twice, actions that disturbed the trial
court. While the Defendant has not been charged with new criminal offenses, his clear
disregard for the rules of probation clearly show, as found by the trial court, that the
Defendant is not likely to succeed on probation. Therefore, the trial court was well within
its discretion to revoke the Defendant’s probation and order his original sentence into
execution.


                                       CONCLUSION

       Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.




                                                    _________________________________
                                                    D. KELLY THOMAS, JR., JUDGE




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