               United States Court of Appeals
                            For the Eighth Circuit
                        ___________________________

                                No. 18-1134
                        ___________________________

                          In re: Green Jacobson, P.C.

                            lllllllllllllllllllllDebtor

                           ------------------------------

                               David P. Oetting

                           lllllllllllllllllllllAppellant

                                        v.

                  David A. Sosne; SKMDV Holdings, Inc.

                           lllllllllllllllllllllAppellees
                                  ____________

                  Appeal from United States District Court
                for the Eastern District of Missouri - St. Louis
                                ____________

                        Submitted: September 26, 2018
                          Filed: December 28, 2018
                                ____________

Before LOKEN, BENTON, and SHEPHERD, Circuit Judges.
                           ____________

LOKEN, Circuit Judge.
       In 1999, class action suits filed in many districts under the federal securities
laws were transferred to the Eastern District of Missouri and captioned In re
BankAmerica Corp. Sec. Litig., No. 4:99–MD–1264 (the “MDL Action”). This is the
fifth appeal of district court orders arising out of the MDL Action, despite a “global”
settlement approved by the district court in 2002 and affirmed by this court in In re
BankAmerica Corp. Sec. Litig., 350 F.3d 747 (8th Cir. 2003).

      In this appeal, class representative David Oetting appeals the dismissal of the
unsecured creditor claim and amended claim he filed in the pending Chapter 7
bankruptcy proceeding of lead class counsel, Green Jacobson, P.C. In re Green
Jacobson, P.C., No. 4:15-BK-41404 (Bankr. E.D. Mo.). The bankruptcy court
dismissed the claims as either “no longer in issue” or barred by the Missouri statute
of limitations. Oetting appealed to the district court. Relying on our decision in
Oetting v. Norton, 795 F.3d 886, 891 (8th Cir. 2015), the district court dismissed the
appeal, concluding that Oetting as class representative lacked standing because the
claims he filed in the bankruptcy court were not ancillary to the MDL Action but
were “independent, separate and distinct actions.” Oetting appeals. Reviewing de
novo, we affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand for further proceedings. In re
SuperValu, Inc., 870 F.3d 763, 768 (8th Cir. 2017) (standard of review).

                                  I. Background.

    A. Many facts and much of the procedural history relevant to this appeal were
summarized in our Norton decision:

             After the merger of NationsBank Corporation and BankAmerica
      Corporation, shareholders of both companies filed class action lawsuits
      alleging violations of the federal securities laws. The cases were
      transferred to the Eastern District of Missouri, where the district court
      appointed David Oetting as one lead plaintiff of the NationsBank class
      and the St. Louis law firm of Green Jacobson as lead counsel for the

                                         -2-
     class. The litigation settled, resulting in a $333 million settlement fund
     for the NationsBank class. We affirmed the district court’s approval of
     the settlement over Oetting’s objection that it was inadequate. In re
     BankAmerica Corp. Sec. Litig., 350 F.3d 747 (8th Cir. 2003); see
     Koehler v. Brody, 483 F.3d 590, 598-99 (8th Cir. 2007).

            On the recommendation of Green Jacobson, the district court
     appointed Heffler, Radetich & Saitta, LLP (Heffler), as claims
     administrator to distribute the settlement fund to class member
     claimants. During the claims process, an employee of Heffler conspired
     to submit fifteen false claims against the fund, resulting in the payment
     of $5.87 million that otherwise would have been paid to members of the
     class. In 2010, the district court denied Green Jacobson’s motion for
     leave to file a supplemental complaint against Heffler to recover this
     loss. Oetting subsequently filed a separate action against Heffler on
     behalf of the NationsBank class that was transferred to and [dismissed
     by] the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.1

            After two distributions to the NationsBank class in December
     2004 and April 2009, some $2.4 million remained in the settlement fund.
     Green Jacobson moved to have the remaining $2.4 million distributed
     cy pres and requested an additional award of $98,114.34 in attorney’s
     fees for post-settlement work. Oetting opposed the cy pres distribution
     as contrary to the class members’ interests, opposed the award of
     additional attorney’s fees, and argued that Green Jacobson should
     disgorge $2 million in fees for abandoning the class. Oetting also filed
     this separate class action, alleging in four counts that class counsel
     Green Jacobson and three members of the firm (collectively, “Green
     Jacobson”) (i) committed legal malpractice by negligently hiring and
     failing to supervise claims administrator Heffler, and (ii) breached its
     fiduciary duty by taking various actions that constituted abandonment
     of the NationsBank class. The complaint sought damages for causing
     the $5.87 million fraud loss to the settlement fund and disgorgement of


     1
      Oetting v. Heffler, Radetich & Saitta, LLP, No. 2:11-CV-4757 [2017 WL
6450557] (E.D. Pa. Dec. 18, 2017).

                                        -3-
      the entire $60 million in attorneys fees awarded Green Jacobson in the
      BankAmerica litigation.

            In the main action, the district court granted Green Jacobson’s
      motion for a cy pres distribution and for a supplemental fee award and
      denied Oetting’s request for disgorgement. In re BankAmerica Corp.
      Sec. Litig., No. 4:99-MD-1264, 2013 WL 3212514, at *1, *6 (E.D. Mo.
      June 24, 2013). Oetting appealed. We reversed the cy pres award,
      ordering the district court to allow an additional distribution to the class
      and then to consider whether a cy pres award of any remaining funds
      would be appropriate. In re BankAmerica Corp. Sec. Litig., 775 F.3d
      1060, 1064-67 (8th Cir. 2015). We vacated the supplemental fee award
      as premature prior to completion of additional distributions that would
      be made after remand. Id. at 1067-68.

795 F.3d at 887-88 (one footnote omitted). In Norton, answering “unusual questions
of standing,” we held that Oetting lacked personal standing as well as standing to
commence the “separate class action” on behalf of the NationsBank class. Id. at 889-
91. We concluded that the class’s “independent status” in the MDL Action “did not
make it an independent legal entity that may file claims against other parties in a new
action, even if the claims arise out of or relate to the main action.” Id. at 891.

       After our 2015 decision in In re BankAmerica Corp. Sec. Litig., 775 F.3d at
1060 (the “Cy Pres Case”), Green Jacobson’s Chapter 7 proceeding commenced,
triggered by an unrelated state court malpractice judgment. An Order for Relief was
entered on April 16, 2015, and appellee David A. Sosne was appointed Chapter 7
Trustee. Oetting as representative of the NationsBank Class then timely filed Claim
1-1, an unsecured claim for $10,503,914.70. Trustee Sosne objected to the claim.
Wanting his claims resolved as part of the MDL Action, rather than by the bankruptcy
court, Oetting filed a motion to withdraw reference in the district court, see 28 U.S.C.
§ 157(d), and a motion to abstain or suspend proceedings in the bankruptcy court.
The district court denied the motion to withdraw reference, noting that “allowance or


                                          -4-
disallowance of a claim is a core proceeding,” 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(2)(B). That ruling
is not at issue. On November 29, 2016, the bankruptcy court denied the motion to
abstain or suspend proceedings, and sustained the Trustee’s objection to Oetting’s
Claim 1-1, thereby disallowing the claim. The merits of that decision, and the district
court’s dismissal of Oetting’s appeal of the bankruptcy court’s decision for lack of
standing, are the subjects of Oetting’s appeal to this court.

       B. In Claim 1-1, Oetting again asserted that Green Jacobson as lead class
counsel was negligent in supervising the administration of the distribution of
settlement proceeds to the NationsBank class; therefore, he claimed, attorneys’ fees
awarded to class counsel by the district court should be disgorged, and Green
Jacobson is liable to the class for monies owed to the settlement fund. Oetting
quantified the total claim of $10,503,914.70 in the following categories:

                                 Claim Calculation

      Loss from negligence in supervising settlement distributions $5,879,073.36
      Unreturned fee award vacated in cy pres appeal                   98,114.34
      Unreturned cy pres amounts (held at LSEM)                     2,636,022.35
      Subtotal                                                     $8,613,210.05
      Disgorgement of 18% of $8,613,210.05 fee:                    $1,890,704.65

Oetting’s amended claim restated the primary amount claimed but acknowledged that
the $2,636,022.35 of cy pres funds had been returned to and deposited with the
district court Clerk as custodian of undistributed settlement proceeds.

       In granting the Trustee’s motion to disallow Oetting’s claims, the bankruptcy
court separately addressed each claim category. It concluded the “unreturned” cy
pres award had been returned and “is no longer in issue.” The $98,114.34 post-
settlement fee award was vacated by this court in the Cy Pres Case, 775 F.3d at 1068;

                                         -5-
though the debtor has not returned this payment to the settlement fund, the district
court will ultimately decide whether any supplemental fee is owing to the bankruptcy
debtor or must be returned to the fund. The $5,879,073.36 claim for negligent
supervision of settlement distributions was ascertainable when the Heffler fraud was
detected and is therefore time-barred. Likewise, the $1,890,704.65 claim for
disgorgement of 18% of the attorneys’ fees awarded Green Jacobson arose from the
initial fraudulent claims by Heffler and thus is time-barred by the same statute of
limitations. The bankruptcy court did not address Oetting’s standing to assert a
Chapter 7 unsecured claim as representative of the NationsBank class.

                                  II. Discussion.

       Like the bankruptcy court, we will separately review the dismissal of each of
the categories in Oetting’s Claim 1-1 in the Chapter 7 proceeding.

       A. Claims Based on the Cy Pres Case. We agree with the bankruptcy court
that the $2,636,022.35 claim for the “unreturned” cy pres distribution is “no longer
in issue” because, in accordance with our decision in the Cy Pres Case, the
distribution has been returned by the charity and deposited with the district court
Clerk for ultimate distribution for the benefit of the NationsBank class. We also
agree with the bankruptcy court’s decision to disallow Oetting’s $98,114.34 claim for
the post-settlement fee award we vacated in the Cy Pres Case. Inexplicably, the
award has not yet been returned to the settlement fund; the Trustee claims he is
holding the money in an account he does not consider part of the bankruptcy estate.
But whether any supplemental fee will be awarded to the bankruptcy debtor out of the
settlement fund will be decided by the district court in the MDL Action, the forum
where Oetting wanted his entire claim determined. We do not understand Oetting to
challenge either of these two rulings on appeal. In any event, they are affirmed.




                                         -6-
       B. The $5,879,073.36 Negligent Supervision Claim. This portion of Oetting’s
Claim 1-1 seeks to recover the loss to the NationsBank class settlement fund resulting
from the false claims fraudulently submitted by a former Heffler employee. The
amount claimed for negligent supervision of fund distribution is the same amount
claimed in the class action we dismissed for lack of standing in Norton, 895 F.3d at
888. The bankruptcy court dismissed this claim on the merits, concluding it was
time-barred by the Missouri five-year statute of limitations, Mo. Rev. Stat.
§ 516.120(4). See Klemme v. Best, 941 S.W.2d 493, 497 (Mo. 1997) (en banc). The
statute “begins to run when damage is sustained and objectively capable of
ascertainment.” Id. at 497, citing Mo. Rev. Stat. § 516.100. Damage is ascertainable
“when the fact of damage can be discovered or made known, not when the plaintiff
actually discovers injury or wrongful conduct.” Id. Here, the bankruptcy court
concluded, the five-year statute began to run no later than September 2009, when
Green Jacobson filed a status report in the MDL Action that referred to fraudulent
claims in the amount of $5,879,073.36 -- the exact amount Oetting set forth in Claim
1-1. Green Jacobson’s bankruptcy petition was filed March 3, 2015, some five years
and five months after Oetting knew of the fraudulent settlement claims. Oetting filed
Claim 1-1 on May 20, 2015. Thus, this component of Claim 1-1 is time-barred.

       On appeal, Oetting does not challenge the bankruptcy court’s statute of
limitations analysis. Instead, he argues the bankruptcy court “should have granted the
abstention motion and allowed the MDL court to sort out these matters, which is the
only court that has the authority to award and disgorge fees and should be the court
to handle other ancillary claims.” We disagree. As the district court ruled in the
order which Oetting did not appeal, this part of Claim 1-1 was not an “ancillary”
matter in the MDL Action; it was a core proceeding in the Chapter 7 bankruptcy case.
That ruling preserved the bankruptcy court’s jurisdiction to rule on claim allowance
issues. Its decision that this portion of Claim 1-1 is time barred is consistent with
Missouri law and must be affirmed.



                                         -7-
       C. The $1,890,704.65 “Disgorgement” Claim. Oetting never coherently
explains this final component of his bankruptcy Claim 1-1. His brief on appeal states:
“The total common fund identified in the claim was $10,503,914.70. The 18%
attorneys’ fees award comes to $1,890,704.65. The net amount, never received by the
class is $8,613,210.05. . . . It is Oetting’s position that fees should not be paid on the
sum not received by the class due to the various nefarious events.” In other words,
as we understand this statement, Oetting demands that $1,890,704.65 of the attorneys’
fees previously awarded by the district court in the MDL Action and paid to class
counsel Green Jacobson out of the NationsBank settlement fund now be “disgorged”
by the bankruptcy estate because counsel was not entitled to fees for the portion of
the settlement fund that class members never received.

       The bankruptcy court concluded that this disgorgement claim is not pending
in the MDL Action, and it is barred by Missouri’s five-year statute of limitations
because it derives from the negligent supervision claim. We emphatically disagree.
A state statute of limitations does not govern the exercise of a federal court’s
equitable power in a class action case to order that attorneys’ fees previously awarded
by the court should be disgorged. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(h) (the class action court has
authority to award reasonable attorneys’ fees); Grunin v. Int’l House of Pancakes, 513
F.2d 114, 127 n.13 (8th Cir. 1975) (“the reasonableness of the attorneys’ fees is
within the overall supervisory review of [the class action] court”); In re Genetically
Modified Rice Litig., 764 F.3d 864, 871 (8th Cir. 2014) (“[t]he decision to award or
deny attorney’s fees rests within the sound discretion of the district court”). Because
the district court has an affirmative duty to assure that the award of attorneys’ fees is
fair and proper, no class member needs standing, or even needs to object, “for the
district court to reconsider the amount of attorneys’ fees and decide upon an amount.”
Zucker v. Occidental Pet. Corp., 192 F.3d 1323, 1328 (9th Cir. 1999). Of course, the




                                           -8-
district court in the MDL Action has discretion to determine that laches or preclusion
principles bar a class member’s untimely or repetitive claim for disgorgement.2

      For these reasons, the bankruptcy court erred in denying Oetting’s motion for
abstention on the grounds that the disgorgement claim is not pending in the MDL
Action and is barred by Missouri’s five-year statute of limitations. But we
nonetheless conclude that the bankruptcy court did not err in disallowing this
component of Oetting’s Claim 1-1 and 1-2. The fatal flaw in the claim is not that our
decision in Norton deprived Oetting of standing to assert a disgorgement claim on
behalf of the NationsBank class, as the district court erroneously concluded. Rather,
the problem is that no disgorgement has been ordered in the MDL Action and
therefore the bankruptcy claim is premature and lacks supporting foundation.

        D. Conclusion. It is distressing that distribution of the NationsBank settlement
fund has not been completed sixteen years after the fund was created. Justice delayed
is justice denied. Our January 2015 decision in the Cy Pres Case provided the district
court a framework for completing the task. But since April 2015, part of the problem
has been that the Trustee’s litigation tactics have hindered and frustrated compliance
with our mandate in the Cy Pres Case. To right this rudderless ship, we enter the
following orders in the bankruptcy case:




      2
       Oetting objected to the award of attorneys’ fees in challenging the MDL
settlement approved by this court in In re BankAmerica Corp. Sec. Litig., 350 F.3d
747 (8th Cir. 2003). Then, in the Cy Pres Case, the district court denied Oetting’s
request for disgorgement of awarded attorneys’ fees. We vacated that cy pres order,
775 F.3d at 1068, which undermined the order’s collateral estoppel effect when
Oetting again sought disgorgement in Norton, 795 F.3d at 889. We express no view
as to whether a new claim for disgorgement in the MDL Action would be precluded,
in whole or in part.


                                          -9-
       1. The Trustee will immediately tender the $98,114.34unreturned supplemental
fee award, together with interest at the post-judgment rate from January 8, 2015, to
the district court Clerk for deposit into the NationsBank settlement fund. The
bankruptcy court is directed to remove the Trustee if he does not comply with this
directive within thirty days.

       2. We construe Part I of the bankruptcy court’s Order dated November 29,
2016, as lifting the automatic stay in bankruptcy to the extent it might otherwise apply
to the completion of the proceedings in the MDL Action mandated by our decision
in the Cy Pres Case. See 11 U.S.C. § 362(a), (d); see generally In re Blan, 237 B.R.
737, 739-40 (B.A.P. 8th Cir. 1999). We affirm that ruling. It is now law of the case
in this Chapter 7 proceeding.

      3. In the event the district court in the MDL Action issues a supplemental
award of attorneys’ fees to Green Jacobson as counsel for the NationsBank class, that
award will become property of the bankruptcy estate.

       4. In the event the district court in the MDL Action orders the disgorgement of
attorneys’ fees previously paid to Green Jacobson as counsel for the NationsBank
class, that order will become or will form the basis of a claim against the Chapter 7
bankruptcy estate. Any party designated by the district court to represent the
NationsBank class in enforcing the court’s disgorgement order will have standing to
assert that claim in the Chapter 7 case.3

      5. The disallowance of Oetting’s Claim 1-1 and 1-2 is affirmed.




      3
       It appears that Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 3002(c)(3) would allow
such a new claim to be timely filed, but we express no opinion whether that rule
would apply in these circumstances.

                                         -10-
      6. Each party will bear its own costs on this appeal.

       The Orders of the district court dated June 21, 2017 and December 19, 2017
are reversed in part and the case is remanded to the district court with instructions to
remand to the bankruptcy court for further proceedings not inconsistent with this
opinion.
                       ______________________________




                                         -11-
