       IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                          AT JACKSON
                                    Assigned on Briefs April 8, 2008

                STATE OF TENNESSEE v. WILLIAM EARL STARKS

                       Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Tipton County
                               No. 5403 Joseph H. Walker, III, Judge




                         No. W2007-01608-CCA-R3-CD - Filed July 24, 2008



The appellant, William Earl Starks, was found guilty by a jury in the Tipton County Circuit Court
of rape of a child, and he received a sentence of twenty-two years in the Tennessee Department of
Correction. On appeal, the appellant contends that the State adduced insufficient proof of venue.
Upon our review of the record and the parties’ briefs, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

     Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court is Affirmed.

NORMA MCGEE OGLE, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS and
J.C. MCLIN , JJ., joined.

Periann Houghton, Sommerville, Tennessee, for the appellant, William Earl Starks.

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Leslie E. Price, Assistant Attorney General;
D. Michael Dunavant, District Attorney General, and James Walter Freeland, Jr., and P. Neal
Oldham, Assistant District Attorneys General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                                       OPINION

                                              I. Factual Background

        In July 2006, a Tipton County Grand Jury indicted the appellant for rape of a child, namely
J.D.,1 at a time between December 23, 2005, and January 8, 2006. At trial, the victim’s mother,
Tonya Michelle Dean, testified that in the latter part of 2005 and the early part of 2006, she lived at




       1
           It is the policy of this court to refer to minor victims of sexual offenses by only their initials.
85 Harmony Drive with her parents; her daughter, the victim; her son; her cousin,2 Bridget Ross; and
Ross’ boyfriend, the appellant. The residence was located in Mason which is in Tipton County.
Dean said that the victim’s date of birth was January 8, 1994; therefore, in December 2005, the
victim was eleven years old.

        Dean recalled that after Christmas 2005, she suspected that the victim was “having
problems.” Because of her suspicions, Dean took the victim to the doctor to “see if she was having
sex.” At the doctor’s office, the victim saw a nurse practitioner. At a follow-up visit, Dean learned
that the victim was pregnant and had herpes. Thereafter, Dean took the victim to the Memphis
Reproductive Health Center for an abortion. Chief James Paris with the Memphis Police
Department collected the fetus from the center so a paternity test could be performed. Dean also
consented for a buccal swab to be taken from the victim’s cheek for the paternity test.

       Dean testified that she was “very sure” that the appellant was aware of the victim’s age.
Dean said that the appellant knew the victim’s age from “stuff [Dean] said,” the victim’s mandatory
bed time, and the appellant having gone with Ross to pick the victim up from middle school.

       Dean acknowledged that she had a cousin, Tangie Maclin, who lived at the Flagstaff
Apartments in Millington. Dean recalled that around the time of the victim’s birthday or in the
middle of January 2006, the victim spent the night with Maclin.

        Kelly Badura testified that she was a physician’s assistant at Hickory Hill Family Practice.
She said that on February 8, 2006, Dean brought the then twelve-year-old victim to the office
because of a complaint of vaginal discharge and to see if the victim was sexually active. Before the
examination, Dean told Badura that the previous day, the victim told her that she had been raped in
December by Ross’ boyfriend. Badura recommended that Dean take the victim to the Shelby County
Rape Crisis Center because Badura could not perform a “rape kit.” However, Dean asked Badura
to perform a pelvic examination because it had been six weeks since the incident.

       During the examination, Badura discovered that the victim had a thin, white vaginal
discharge, and her hymen was not intact. Badura tested the victim for sexually transmitted diseases.
The remainder of the examination was normal. Dean scheduled a follow-up visit for the victim.
When Dean and the victim returned on February 14, 2006, they learned that the victim had genital
herpes. Dean asked Badura to do a pregnancy test on the victim because she had been experiencing
stomach pains, nausea, and vomiting. The pregnancy test was positive.

        Dr. T. Russell Horton testified that he worked at the Memphis Center for Reproductive
Health. He opined that when the victim came to the center on February 21, 2006, she was eight
weeks and four days pregnant. However, he said that the estimation was based on an ultrasound and
that the margin of error was approximately one week, meaning that conception occurred in late


         2
            Dean testified that Ross was raised by Dean’s parents. Therefore, Ross is also referred to as Dean’s sister
or the victim’s aunt.

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December 2005 or early January 2006. Dr. Horton said that Chief Paris collected the specimen from
the procedure for further testing.

        James C. Paris, the chief of police of the Mason City Police Department, testified that in
February 2006, he began investigating the victim’s rape. On February 16, 2006, he went to see the
appellant and requested that he come to the police department to talk. The appellant asked if he
could come the next day, and Chief Paris agreed. The following day, the appellant voluntarily came
to the Mason Police Department to give a statement. After he was advised of his rights, the appellant
said that his birthday was April 20, 1984. The appellant conceded that he had sexual relations with
the victim approximately three weeks to one month prior to the interview. The appellant told Chief
Paris that the victim called him and asked him and his friend “Drickus” to visit her at the Flag Manor
Apartments in Millington. The appellant said that when he arrived at the apartment, the victim
started rubbing his chest and private area. He said he asked the victim to stop, and the victim said,
“Why?” The appellant told Chief Paris that he and the victim argued about having sex. The
appellant said that he and the victim had sexual intercourse without a condom for less than a minute.
The appellant stated that “it didn’t feel right, so I stopped.” He and the victim fell asleep on the
floor. The appellant told Chief Paris that the victim “has sex with more than me.” The appellant
said that he believed the victim was sixteen years old.

        Chief Paris said that on February 21, 2006, he collected the victim’s aborted fetus from the
Memphis Center for Reproductive Health so it could be processed for DNA. Additionally, Chief
Paris took voluntary buccal swabs from the victim and the appellant. Chief Paris took the DNA
materials he collected to Stephen Conn at a testing facility on American Way in Memphis.

        Stephen Conn testified that he is the owner and administrative director for Medical Testing
Resources in Memphis. He explained that his company collects DNA samples and sends the
samples to Chromosomal Laboratories in Phoenix, Arizona, for testing. He retrieved samples in the
instant case from Chief Paris, then he forwarded the samples to Dr. Vince Miller at Chromosomal
Laboratories.

        Dr. Roger Vincent Miller, the Chief Technical Officer and Vice-President of Chromosomal
Laboratories, testified that his company is accredited to perform paternity testing. In the instant case,
testing revealed the probability of the appellant’s paternity of the victim’s child to be over 99.999
percent.

        The victim testified that she was born on January 8, 1995. When the offense happened, she
was in sixth grade at Crestview Middle School in Covington, and she was living with her mother;
grandparents; brother; Ross; and Ross’ boyfriend, the appellant, at 85 Harmony Way in Mason in
Tipton County. The victim recalled that during Christmas break 2005, there were times when both
her mother and Ross were at work, but the appellant was at home. The victim said that during one
of those times, she was in her mother’s room when the appellant came in and told her to “come
here.” She went into Ross’ room with the appellant, and they had sexual intercourse. The victim
stated that after the rape, she took a bath, but she did not tell anyone about the incident. Later, the


                                                  -3-
victim went to different doctors and eventually had an abortion. The victim said that she had stayed
at her cousin Tangie’s house, but she did so only in January 2006, not in December 2005. She said
that the appellant did not come to Tangie’s apartment when she was there.

        The appellant testified that his date of birth was March 20, 1984, and that he was twenty-two
years old. He said that in Christmas 2005, he was living with his girlfriend Ross and her family
“[o]ff and on.” The appellant stated that in February 2006, Chief Paris came to the appellant’s
stepmother’s house in Gallaway, Tennessee, and asked the appellant to come to the police station
to make a statement. The appellant asked if he could come the next day, and Chief Paris agreed.

         The following day, February 17, 2006, the appellant went to the police station and gave a
statement. In his statement, he told Chief Paris that he had sex with the victim one time. The
appellant testified that one night while he was at his stepmother’s house, the victim and her cousin
called and asked if the appellant and his friend Quadrickus Buster would come to the cousin’s
apartment in Millington.3 The appellant said that he initially refused, but, at the urging of his friend,
he ultimately agreed to go. The appellant stated that the victim; her cousin, Tangie Macklin; and
Henrietta Simpson came to get him and Buster, and they went to Flag Manor Apartments. The
appellant said that while at the apartment in Millington, he had sex with the victim. The appellant
said that he did not use a condom and that he “never even finished.” The appellant explained that
he freely admitted having sex with the victim because he did not think he had done anything wrong,
stating that he believed the victim was seventeen years old. The appellant said that the incident was
a mistake, but he acknowledged that it was a knowing act.

        The appellant opined that the incident happened in late December or early January. He said
that during the interview, he told police that he had sex with the victim about three weeks to one
month prior to the interview. The appellant explained that he said “about” due to the fact that he
could not remember the exact date of the incident because it “was something I was trying not to
remember, because I was wrong for my actions.” The appellant stated that while he did not deny
having sex with the victim, he did not have sex with her in Tipton County.

       The jury found the appellant guilty of rape of a child. On appeal, the appellant questions
“[w]hether the evidence in the record is insufficient as a matter of law to sustain a conviction in this
cause based upon the proof regarding venue.”

                                                  II. Analysis

          The appellant does not contest that he committed the offense. Indeed, there was ample proof
at trial to support his conviction for rape of a child. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-522(a) (2003).
Instead, the appellant challenges the proof establishing venue. Article I, section 9 of the Tennessee
Constitution provides that in all criminal prosecutions by indictment or presentment, the accused has
a right to a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury of the county in which the crime was committed.


        3
            Millington is located in Shelby County, Tennessee.

                                                        -4-
Tenn. Const. art. I, § 9; see also Tenn. R. Crim. P. 18. Proof of venue is necessary to establish the
court’s jurisdiction. See Harvey v. State, 376 S.W.2d 497, 498 (Tenn. 1964); Hopson v. State, 299
S.W.2d 11, 14 (Tenn. 1957). However, because venue is not an element of the offense, the State
need only prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the charged offense was committed in the
county in which the defendant is being tried. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-11-201(e) (2003); State v.
Bennett, 549 S.W.2d 949, 949-50 (Tenn. 1977); State v. Anderson, 985 S.W.2d 9, 15 (Tenn. Crim.
App. 1997). Venue may be proved by circumstantial evidence, and even slight evidence is sufficient
if it is uncontradicted. Bennett, 549 S.W.2d at 950. In determining venue, the jury is entitled to
draw reasonable inferences from the evidence. State v. Johnson, 673 S.W.2d 877, 882 (Tenn. Crim.
App. 1984).

        At trial, the victim testified that the offense occurred in Mason in Tipton County at the home
where she and the appellant were living at that time. The appellant testified that the offense occurred
in Shelby County. On appeal, the appellant argues that “[t]he only proof elicited by the state to
establish venue was the uncorroborated testimony of the victim.” The jury heard the proof and, as
was its prerogative, accredited the testimony of the victim regarding venue. See Anderson, 985
S.W.2d at 15. We conclude that the proof adduced at trial sufficiently established that venue was
properly in Tipton County.

                                          III. Conclusion

       Based upon the foregoing, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.


                                                       ___________________________________
                                                       NORMA McGEE OGLE, JUDGE




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