                                                                         FILED
                                                              United States Court of Appeals
                                                                      Tenth Circuit

                                                                  September 27, 2011
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                  Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                            FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT                     Clerk of Court



    TIMOTHY A. GREDE,

                Plaintiff-Appellant,
                                                        No. 10-6260
    v.                                          (D.C. No. 5:09-CV-00987-HE)
                                                        (W.D. Okla.)
    MICHAEL J. ASTRUE, Commissioner
    of the Social Security Administration,

                Defendant-Appellee.


                             ORDER AND JUDGMENT *


Before HOLMES and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges, and BRORBY, Senior
Circuit Judge.



         Timothy A. Grede appeals the district court’s order upholding the

Commissioner’s denial of social security disability benefits. He argues that the

Commissioner failed to conduct a proper analysis of his residual functional




*
       After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral
argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding
precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and
collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent
with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
capacity (RFC). 1 Because the Commissioner’s decision is supported by

substantial evidence and the law was properly applied, we affirm.

      On October 6, 2004, Mr. Grede applied for disability benefits asserting an

onset date of June 1, 2002, due to kidney stones, high blood pressure, renal and

intestinal problems, hemorrhoids, pulmonary problems, and left hand problems.

His insured status ended on September 30, 2002, requiring him to show the

disability onset during that four-month period and continuing for twelve months.

See Wilson v. Astrue, 602 F.3d 1136, 1139 (10th Cir. 2010) (stating claimant must

show disability on or before expiration of date of insured status).

      After receiving denials of disability benefits at all stages of administrative

review, Mr. Grede appealed to the district court. That court reversed and

remanded for further proceedings. An administrative law judge (ALJ) held a

supplemental hearing and concluded again that Mr. Grede was not disabled. In

doing so, the ALJ applied the five-step sequential evaluation process for

determining disability. See Fischer-Ross v. Barnhart, 431 F.3d 729, 731

(10th Cir. 2005) (summarizing five-step process). After determining at step one

that Mr. Grede was not engaging in substantial gainful employment, the ALJ

found at step two that Mr. Grede had the following severe impairments:



1
       RFC is “the maximum degree to which the individual retains the capacity
for sustained performance of the physical-mental requirements of jobs.”
20 C.F.R. pt. 404, subpt. P, app. 2, § 200.00(c).

                                         -2-
      chronic diarrhea of unknown cause, chronic scrotum/testicular pain
      requiring the February 2003 left spermatocelectomy and bilateral
      vasectomy, chronic kidney stones and ureter blockage requiring the
      August 2002 ureterocscopy [sic] and cystoscopy, chronic
      hemorrhoids requiring a prior history of repetitive surgery, a history
      of traumatic injuries of abdomen and pelvic area requiring prior
      repetitive surgical procedures, hypertension controlled, and diabetes
      controlled . . . .

Aplt. App., Vol. 2 at 476. The ALJ determined that Mr. Grede had non-severe

complaints of hand pain and depression. Finding that none of the severe

impairments met a listed impairment, the ALJ then proceeded to step four,

determining that Mr. Grede had the RFC to perform skilled, light and sedentary

work, if he was allowed ready access to a restroom due to having two diarrhea

instances per day and if he was allowed the use of a padded chair when required

to sit. The ALJ concluded that because Mr. Grede’s past relevant work as a fast

food manager fit within his RFC, he could return to that work.

      After the Appeals Council declined review, the ALJ’s decision became the

decision of the Commissioner. See Doyal v. Barnhart, 331 F.3d 758, 759

(10th Cir. 2003). On judicial review, the district court upheld the

Commissioner’s decision. This appeal followed.

      “We review the Commissioner’s decision to determine whether the factual

findings are supported by substantial evidence in the record and whether the

correct legal standards were applied.” Wilson, 602 F.3d at 1140. “Substantial

evidence is such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate


                                         -3-
to support a conclusion.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). “We consider

whether the ALJ followed the specific rules of law that must be followed in

weighing particular types of evidence . . . , but we [do] not reweigh the evidence

or substitute our judgment for the Commissioner’s.” Cowan v. Astrue, 552 F.3d

1182, 1185 (10th Cir. 2008) (quotation omitted).

      Mr. Grede argues that the ALJ failed to conduct a proper step-four analysis

because the ALJ did not consider the effects of his mental impairments and

diarrheal problems when assessing his RFC. We consider first Mr. Grede’s

argument that the ALJ did not consider at step four the effects of his mental

impairments. In doing so, we start with the ALJ’s discussions at step two.

      At step two, the ALJ noted that from April 2002 through June 28, 2002,

Mr. Grede sought counseling for a depressive disorder and family relationship

problems, and the June 28 treatment record indicated he was making progress

toward coping skills and dealing with his spouse. The ALJ then found:

      There is no showing that during the relevant adjudication period . . .
      the claimant sought or required any additional treatments for
      depression or any other significant mental health impairment.
      Nor was he described as persistently exhibiting significant mental
      and/or emotional deficits or any persistent deficits of social
      interactions. It appears that the claimant did not undergo any
      additional mental evaluations until the June 2006 psychological
      evaluation [when he] was assessed as suffering marked deficits of his
      ability for social interactions. Thus it appears that the claimant’s
      severe social interaction deficits did not manifest themselves until
      well-after the relevant adjudication period.




                                         -4-
Aplt. App., Vol. 2 at 477; see also id. at 475 (discussing medical evidence).

Based on these findings, the ALJ determined that during the relevant time period,

Mr. Grede did not “suffer mental impairments imposing more than mild

restrictions of activities of daily living; mild difficulties of maintaining social

functions; mild difficulties of maintaining concentration, persistence, and pace;

and no repeated or extended episodes of decompensation and deterioration in

work or work-like s[e]ttings.” Id. at 477. Based on all of these findings, the ALJ

concluded that any mental impairment was not severe.

      At step four the ALJ was required to consider all limiting effects of all

impairments, even the mental impairments he found not severe at step two. See

Wilson, 602 F.3d at 1140; 20 C.F.R. § 404.1545(a)(2), (e); S.S.R. 96-8p, 1996

WL 374184, at *5. Although the ALJ did not specifically make further findings

concerning a mental impairment at step four, he stated that he had considered all

of Mr. Grede’s symptoms and the medical evidence. See Hackett v. Barnhart,

395 F.3d 1168, 1173 (10th Cir. 2005) (noting “our general practice . . . is to take

a lower tribunal at its word when it declares that it has considered a matter”). In

light of the discussion at step two, the limited medical evidence, and the ALJ’s

determination at step four that Mr. Grede could engage in unlimited

communications and interpersonal interactions, we agree with the district court

that the ALJ properly considered Mr. Grede’s mental impairment. Cf. Howard v.

Barnhart, 379 F.3d 945, 947 (10th Cir. 2004) (noting that when ALJ discusses

                                           -5-
medical evidence in detail and that evidence does not conflict with ALJ’s

conclusions, need for ALJ to expressly analyze evidence is weakened).

      We reject Mr. Grede’s contention that the ALJ should have considered

expressly his GAF score of 50. 2 The ALJ was not required to discuss in detail

each piece of evidence. See Clifton v. Chater, 79 F.3d 1007, 1009-10 (10th Cir.

1996) (“The record must demonstrate that the ALJ considered all of the evidence,

but an ALJ is not required to discuss every piece of evidence.”). And his duty to

discuss was further diminished because there was no explanation to support the

score. See id. at 1010 (deciding that ALJ must discuss “significantly probative

evidence he rejects”).

      We also reject Mr. Grede’s contention that the ALJ should have considered

expressly at step four his problems with social interaction, even though that

diagnosis came four years after his insured status ended, because

social-interaction problems may have been present during the relevant period.

Mr. Grede submits that the ALJ improperly formed his own medical opinion

about Mr. Grede’s social deficiencies and their onset. It is true that mental health

evidence from a period of time after a claimant meets the earnings requirement



2
      The GAF evaluates a person’s “overall level of functioning.” American
Psychiatric Ass’n, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 32
(Text Revision 4th ed. 2000). A GAF score of 41-50 indicates “[s]erious
symptoms . . . [or] serious impairment in social, occupational, or school
functioning,” such as inability to keep a job. Id. at 34 (bolding omitted).

                                        -6-
may be relevant to show the severity or continuity of his impairments existing

before expiration of the earnings requirement or could identify impairments that

may reasonably have been present and have imposed limitations. See Baca v.

Dep’t of HHS, 5 F.3d 476, 479 (10th Cir. 1993). That, however, is not the case

here. The mental health records from 2006 do not indicate that any

social-interaction problems were present during the time Mr. Grede was insured.

Indeed, Mr. Grede indicated in his disability report that he had not seen anyone

for emotional or mental problems limiting his ability to work.

      Lastly, we consider Mr. Grede’s argument that the ALJ incorrectly

determined that he needed access to a restroom due to diarrhea only twice during

a working day and failed to consider that his need to use a restroom more

frequently restricted his ability to maintain employment, especially at a fast food

restaurant. In 2004, Mr. Grede reported to one medical provider that he had four

to twenty diarrhea episodes per day. The ALJ found this to be inconsistent with

the medical evidence, and determined that Mr. Grede was not credible. In

specific, the ALJ found that no cause for the diarrhea had been determined, the

diarrhea problem was not so significant as to require surgical or other correction,

Mr. Grede’s weight was stable, he had no episodes of acute dehydration or

fatigue, bile salt binding agents provided effective treatment, and he had chronic

diarrhea only two to four times per day with one or two of those times occurring

during the workday. No medical evidence conflicts with these findings. Because

                                         -7-
the ALJ’s findings are based on substantial evidence in the record, we will not

second guess them. 3 See Cowan, 552 F.3d at 1185.

      The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.


                                                   Entered for the Court



                                                   Stephen H. Anderson
                                                   Circuit Judge




3
      Mr. Grede contends that the ALJ failed to develop the record and therefore
was unable to make necessary findings. We decline to address this contention,
because it is conclusory, undeveloped, and raised only in his brief’s conclusion.
See Adler v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 144 F.3d 664, 679 (10th Cir. 1998)
(“Arguments inadequately briefed in the opening brief are waived.”).


                                        -8-
