                       NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PUBLICATION
                              File Name: 06a0031n.06
                              Filed: January 10, 2006

                                        No. 04-3565

                         UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT


URIM TOPLLARI,

       Petitioner,

v.                                                     On Review of a Decision of the
                                                       Board of Immigration Appeals
ALBERTO GONZALES, Attorney General,

       Respondents.
                                             /


BEFORE:       RYAN and COLE, Circuit Judges; and SARGUS, District Judge.*

       RYAN, Circuit Judge.         The petitioner, Urim Topllari, seeks review of a final order

of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) affirming the Immigration Judge’s (IJ) denial of

Topllari’s claims for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention

Against Torture. The IJ determined that Topllari lacked credibility due to inconsistencies

in his testimony, that he failed to prove claimed past persecution, and that his application

for asylum was frivolous. The BIA reversed the IJ’s finding that Topllari filed a frivolous

application for asylum, but affirmed the IJ’s adverse credibility finding and resulting denial

of relief. We find that there is substantial evidence supporting the IJ’s adverse credibility

determination and DENY Topllari’s petition for review.

                                                 I.

       *
      The Honorable Edmund A. Sargus, Jr., United States District Judge for the
Southern District of Ohio, sitting by designation.
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       Topllari is a 34-year-old single male from Albania. He and his family joined the

Albanian democratic party in 1991, and Topllari was an active member. Topllari entered

the United States on August 27, 2001, at Eagle Pass, Texas, and shortly thereafter was

apprehended by U.S. border patrol agents. He filed an application for asylum, and the IJ

held a removal hearing on February 5, 2003.

       At the hearing, Topllari testified that, on June 17, 2001, Albanian police broke into

a Democratic Party meeting, beat him and threatened to harm him further if he continued

his involvement with the Democratic Party. Topllari also testified that, on June 24, 2001,

police officers forcibly removed him from a polling place after he tried to report ballot box

stuffing to the chairman of the Socialist Party. When he resisted being removed, the

officers kicked him and threatened his life. Topllari was able to escape custody and hide

with friends and family until he could flee Albania.

       Topllari also testified that he told the U.S. border patrol agents the truth when they

questioned him, with the assistance of an interpreter, after apprehending him in Eagle

Pass, Texas. Topllari told the border patrol agents that he left Albania during the first week

in June 2001 and entered Athens, Greece, with a valid passport about five days later on

June 11, 2001. He then entered Paris, France, with a valid passport on June 16, 2001, and

spent 10 days there before flying to Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic on June 27, 2001.

Topllari then entered Mexico illegally on July 17, 2001, and crossed the border into the

United States on August 27, 2001.

       The IJ found that there was significant inconsistency between Topllari’s hearing

testimony and what he told the border patrol agents upon his arrival in the United States.

For example, Topllari told the border patrol agents that he was in Paris, France, at the time
(No. 04-3565)                              -3-

he testified he was being persecuted in Albania. The only explanation Topllari offered for

this major discrepancy was interpreter error. Topllari blamed other inconsistencies and the

absence of key events from his asylum application on interpreter error as well.

       The IJ determined that Topllari was not credible and denied his claims for asylum,

withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture. The IJ also

found that Topllari submitted a frivolous application for asylum. On April 19, 2004, the BIA

affirmed the IJ’s adverse credibility finding, but reversed the IJ’s finding that Topllari

submitted a frivolous application for asylum.

                                             II.

       When the BIA adopts the reasoning of an IJ, this court reviews the IJ’s decision as

the final agency decision. Denko v. INS, 351 F.3d 717, 726 (6th Cir. 2003). “We review

the IJ’s legal conclusions de novo and the IJ’s factual findings for substantial evidence.”

Tapucu v. Gonzales, 399 F.3d 736, 738 (6th Cir. 2005).

       An IJ’s adverse credibility determination is a finding of fact, and we review it for

“‘substantial evidence’, reversing only if ‘any reasonable adjudicator would be compelled

to conclude to the contrary.’” Yu v. Ashcroft, 364 F.3d 700, 703 (6th Cir. 2004) (quoting 8

U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B)).

                                            III.

       Under the Immigration and Nationality Act, the Attorney General has discretion to

grant asylum to a “refugee.” 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(A) (2005). An applicant for asylum

bears the burden of establishing that he qualifies as a refugee by “producing evidence that

he has suffered past persecution or has a well-founded fear of future persecution.” Yu, 364

F.3d at 703 (citing 8 U.S.C. § 1101 (a)(42)(A)).
(No. 04-3565)                               -4-

       When an IJ determines, on the basis of an adverse credibility determination, that an

applicant has failed to establish that he qualifies as a refugee, “the finding must be

supported by specific reasons” and “based on issues that go to the heart of the applicant’s

claim.” Sylla v. INS, 388 F.3d 924, 926 (6th Cir. 2004).

       Topllari argues that the discrepancies upon which the IJ based her adverse

credibility determination involved only “nonessential details” and that “substantial portions”

of his testimony were corroborated by the submission of unspecified written documents.

We disagree. In a 24-page opinion, the IJ discussed the major inconsistencies in Topllari’s

testimony and explained why they went to the heart of his asylum claim. The IJ also noted

a number of minor inconsistencies and Topllari’s unresponsiveness when questioned,

which lend further support to the conclusion that Topllari lacked credibility.

       Topllari testified that he was persecuted in Albania for his activities associated with

the Democratic Party on June 17, 2001, and June 24, 2001, and that these two events

forced him to flee Albania. However, he also testified that he told U.S. border patrol agents

the truth when they questioned him upon his arrival in the United States, and that he told

those agents that he was in Paris, France, for about 10 days beginning June 16, 2001. As

this major inconsistency creates doubt as to whether the persecution that allegedly caused

Topllari to flee Albania actually occurred, it clearly goes to the heart of his asylum claim.

The only explanation Topllari offers for this, and all other inconsistencies in his testimony,

is interpreter error.

       Since the IJ provided specific reasons for her adverse credibility determination, and

those reasons went to the heart of Topllari’s claims, we conclude that there was substantial

evidence supporting the adverse credibility determination and the denial of Topllari’s claims
(No. 04-3565)                             -5-

for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture.

See Sylla, 388 F.3d at 926.

                                          IV.

      For these reasons set forth above, we DENY Topllari’s petition for review.
