                                 Cite as 2013 Ark. App. 436

                 ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                       DIVISION III
                                      No. CR-12-1113


                                                  OPINION DELIVERED AUGUST 28, 2013
CHRISTOPHER SHARPE
                               APPELLANT          APPEAL FROM THE PULASKI
                                                  COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
                                                  SEVENTH DIVISION
V.                                                [NO. CR-2011-4198]

                                                  HONORABLE BARRY SIMS, JUDGE
STATE OF ARKANSAS
                                  APPELLEE        AFFIRMED



                         ROBERT J. GLADWIN, Chief Judge

       Appellant Christopher Sharpe appeals from his conviction by the Pulaski County

Circuit Court on a charge of Class D felony fleeing. Appellant’s sole point on appeal

challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting his conviction. Specifically, he argues

that the State failed to introduce substantial evidence that his conduct of fleeing in a vehicle

from the police created a substantial danger of death or serious physical injury to another

person. We affirm.

       On December 6, 2011, the State filed an information against appellant alleging that

he committed, on September 27, 2011, Class D felony fleeing, pursuant to Arkansas Code

Annotated section 5-54-125(a), (d)(2) (Supp. 2011). The information also alleged that

appellant was a habitual offender, pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated section

5-4-501(b)(1) (Supp. 2011).
                                   Cite as 2013 Ark. App. 436

       A jury trial was held on August 21, 2012. The State’s proof of appellant’s guilt was

provided primarily through the testimony of North Little Rock Police Officer Chris Brown,

who conducted the actual pursuit of appellant.1 Appellant moved for a directed verdict after

the State rested its case-in-chief, and the trial judge denied the motion without a response

from the State or an explanation. The defense then rested without presenting additional

evidence. The jury found appellant guilty, and he was sentenced, as a habitual offender, to

pay a fine of $5,000 and to serve fifteen years’ imprisonment in the Arkansas Department of

Correction pursuant to a sentencing order filed on August 27, 2012. He filed a timely notice

of appeal on September 24, 2012.

       A motion for a directed verdict is a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence.

Holloway v. State, 2011 Ark. App. 52, at 2. Evidence of a defendant’s guilt is sufficient if the

evidence is substantial. Id. Substantial evidence is evidence forceful enough to compel a

conclusion beyond suspicion or conjecture. Id. When reviewing the sufficiency of the

evidence, this court considers the evidence in the light most favorable to the State and

considers only evidence that tends to support the guilty verdict. Id.

       Appellant contends that Officer Brown’s testimony did not constitute substantial

evidence that his conduct created “a substantial danger of death or serious physical injury to

another person” as required by Arkansas Code Annotated section 5-4-125(d)(2). Appellant

specifically acknowledges that since 1998 this court has handed down four published cases


       1
          Officer Yancey Wade Tollett assisted Officer Brown that day, but his testimony detailed the
first sighting of appellant and after the chase ended. Officer Tollett did not accompany Officer
Brown in the actual pursuit of appellant.

                                                 2
                                 Cite as 2013 Ark. App. 436

affirming Class D felony-fleeing convictions that have facts substantially similar to the facts

in this case with regard to the appellant’s having driven a vehicle in a way that created a

substantial danger of death or serious physical injury. See Holloway, supra; Warren v. State,

2010 Ark. App. 226, at 3-4; Pierce v. State, 79 Ark. App. 263, 265–66, 86 S.W.3d 1, 2 (2000);

Weeks v. State, 64 Ark. App. 1, 5, 977 S.W.2d 241, 243 (1998). Appellant requests that we

overrule the Holloway-Weeks line of cases, maintaining that it is impossible to read the facts

of the Holloway-Weeks cases and the facts of this case to determine what conduct constitutes

the creation of a substantial danger of death or serious physical injury, as opposed to what

conduct constitutes the creation of a moderate, or minimal, danger of death or serious

physical injury.

       We first note that appellant has abandoned his sufficiency challenge. Initially in his

brief, he contends, as he did at trial, that the evidence was insufficient proof that his

conduct—including speeding and running stop signs at 5:00 p.m. on a Tuesday

afternoon—created a substantial danger of death or serious physical injury to another person.

But he fails to develop that argument, abandoning it instead to focus on this court’s four

published cases with “substantially the same” facts as those found in his case. He asks, for the

first time on appeal, that those cases be overruled on vagueness grounds.

       When an appellant fails to make an argument on appeal, it is deemed abandoned. See,

e.g., Stewart v. State, 67 Ark. App. 1, 992 S.W.2d. 147 (1999), rev’d in part on other grounds,

338 Ark. 608, 999 S.W.2d 684 (1999); see also Barton v. State, 96 Ark. App. 23, 237 S.W.3d

512 (2006). Additionally, a party cannot obtain relief by raising an argument for the first time


                                               3
                                  Cite as 2013 Ark. App. 436

on appeal, but is bound by the nature and scope of the arguments made below. Tyler v.

State, 2013 Ark. App. 212, at 2. Even a proposed challenge to the validity of controlling

precedent on appeal must first be raised in the trial court. See State v. Fuson, 355 Ark. 652,

144 S.W.3d 250 (2004).

       Moreover, the Arkansas Supreme Court has settled that felony fleeing as defined in

Arkansas Code Annotated section 5-54-125(d)(2) is not unconstitutionally vague, and that

the crime encompasses “speeding and fleeing on a busy” street. Jefferson v. State, 372 Ark.

307, 276 S.W.3d 214 (2008) (rejecting Jefferson’s vagueness challenge that his flight on the

interstate is not encompassed by felony fleeing). Despite appellant’s doubt about this court’s

previous cases, the Arkansas Supreme Court in Jefferson settled the question that conduct

similar to appellant’s “constitutes the creation of a substantial danger of death or serious

physical injury[.]” We cannot overrule Jefferson, which appears to be on point. Selrahc Ltd.

P’ship v. Seeco, Inc., 2009 Ark. App. 865, 374 S.W.3d 33.

       Even were the court to reach his sufficiency challenge, this court’s previously

mentioned cases would control. Under our standard of review, the evidence is viewed in

the light most favorable to the State, and Officer Brown’s testimony regarding appellant’s

conduct constitutes substantial evidence to support the conviction on charges of fleeing.

Testimony indicates that during his vehicular flight from police, appellant crossed double-

yellow lines to pass other vehicles stopped at a stoplight, almost hit a car in heavy five o’clock

traffic; he outran the pursuing officer who was traveling seventy to eighty miles per hour to

catch him in a forty-mile-per-hour zone; the officer thought appellant’s vehicle would turn


                                                4
                                    Cite as 2013 Ark. App. 436

over as he cornered quickly near four pedestrians; and appellant thereafter ran three stop

signs.

         As in Warren, supra, it is especially significant that appellant ran a stoplight and several

stop signs. Moreover, we held in Holloway, 2011 Ark. App. 52, at 3, that a “driver who

initiates a high-speed chase on a busy city street, driving through red lights, passing traffic,

[and] running several stop signs . . . substantially increases the risk of serious injury or death”

to bystanders and other drivers.

         Affirmed.

         WALMSLEY and HARRISON , JJ., agree.

         William R. Simpson, Jr., Public Defender, by: Clint Miller, Deputy Public Defender,

for appellant.

         Dustin McDaniel, Att’y Gen., by: David R. Raupp, Sr. Att’y Gen., for appellee.




                                                  5
