[Cite as Mummey v. Mummey, 2010-Ohio-4243.]




                            STATE OF OHIO, NOBLE COUNTY

                               IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                                    SEVENTH DISTRICT


DARRELL MUMMEY,                               )
                                              )      CASE NO.    10 NO 371
       PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT,                   )
                                              )
       - VS -                                 )      OPINION
                                              )
HEATHER MUMMEY,                               )
                                              )
       DEFENDANT-APPELLEE.                    )



CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS:                         Civil Appeal from Common Pleas Court,
                                                  Case No. 209-0052.


JUDGMENT:                                         Affirmed.


APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellant:                          Attorney Jacqueline Tresl
                                                  1500 Cowden Road
                                                  New Concord, Ohio 43762


For Defendant-Appellee:                           Attorney Andrew Warhola
                                                  110 North 7th Street
                                                  Cambridge, Ohio 43725


JUDGES:
Hon. Joseph J. Vukovich
Hon. Gene Donofrio
Hon. Mary DeGenaro


                                                  Dated: September 7, 2010
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VUKOVICH, P.J.


       ¶{1}   Plaintiff-appellant Darrell Mummey appeals the decision of the Noble
County Common Pleas Court, which awarded him visitation with his child and
allocated parental rights to defendant-appellee Heather Mummey.             Mr. Mummey
contends that the trial court abused its discretion in failing to order shared parenting as
he requested.     As the trial court’s decision was not unreasonable, arbitrary, or
unconscionable, the judgment in this case is hereby affirmed.
                              STATEMENT OF THE CASE
       ¶{2}   The parties were married in September of 2005, and a child was born in
November of 2006. In February of 2009, the mother and child moved out of the
marital residence and moved in with the mother’s parents. The father filed a complaint
for divorce and sought shared parenting. A hearing on temporary orders was held,
and on April 9, 2009, the court ordered equal amounts of parenting time.
       ¶{3}   The final divorce hearing was held on November 23, 2009.             Certain
features of the father’s proposed shared parenting plan were outlined. For instance,
his plan called for forty-eight hours notice before leaving the county with the child. It
also required a parent traveling out of state to obtain express written consent from the
other parent. Furthermore, his plan sought parental consultation before emergency
medical care and agreement of both parties for non-emergency care.
       ¶{4}   The father testified that his schedule was about to change from five
eight-hour days to four ten-hour days. (Tr. 33). He stated that both parties equally
performed caregiving functions for the child while they lived together.          (Tr. 25).
Testimony established that the mother worked full-time as well, but she had more
flexibility in her schedule. It was pointed out that although the father had weekends
off, he resisted spending his temporary shared parenting time on weekends.
       ¶{5}   The mother testified that she had always been the child’s primary
caregiver. (Tr. 75). She pointed out that she ensured the child had what she needed,
and she attended every doctor visit and hair appointment whereas the father attended
only one visit. (Tr. 75-77). The mother expressed concern about the safety of the
father’s firearm. She noted that they could not agree on basic decisions and opined
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that shared parenting did not seem to be working well because the child still cried
every time she left the mother. (Tr. 80, 92). The mother also said that she is adept at
encouraging a loving relationship between the child and the father. (Tr. 80).
       ¶{6}   After the hearing, the parties were ordered to submit proposed findings
of fact and conclusions of law. On January 27, 2010, the court issued a judgment
entry adopting and incorporating by reference the mother’s proposed findings and
conclusions. The court named the mother the residential parent and ordered standard
visitation for the father. The father filed a timely appeal.
                               ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
       ¶{7}   The father’s sole assignment of error provides:
       ¶{8}   “THE COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT SAID
THAT THE REASON IT WAS REFUSING TO ORDER SHARED PARENTING WAS
THAT THE COURT DOES NOT ORDER SHARED PARENTING UNLESS THE
PARENTS CAN GET ALONG AND MAKE DECISIONS TOGETHER.”
       ¶{9}   A trial court's decision regarding child custody is reviewed for an abuse
of discretion. Bechtol v. Bechtol (1990), 49 Ohio St.3d 21, 23. An abuse of discretion
implies that the trial court acted unreasonably, arbitrarily, or unconscionably.
Blakemore v. Blakemore (1983), 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219. It is the province of the trial
court to resolve disputed facts and to make credibility determinations. Bechtol, 49
Ohio St. 3d at 23. This principle is said to be even more important in child custody
cases, where much can be read from a party’s demeanor and attitude.             Davis v.
Flickinger (1997), 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 419.
       ¶{10} Regarding shared parenting, a court shall primarily allocate parental
rights and responsibilities over a child to one of the parents even if one parent
submitted a shared parenting plan where that plan is not in the child’s best interests.
R.C. 3109.04(B)(1). The consideration of the child’s best interest is mandatory and
paramount. R.C. 3109.04(B)(1), (F)(1).
       ¶{11} In making a best interest determination, the court shall consider all
relevant factors including but not limited to: (a) the parents’ wishes; (b) the child's
wishes; (c) the child's relationship with the parents and any person who may
significantly affect the child's best interest; (d) the child's adjustment to the home,
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school, and community; (e) the mental and physical health of all persons involved; (f)
the parent more likely to facilitate the court’s orders; (g) the existence of any child
support arrearage; (h) certain criminal acts of the parents; (i) whether a parent has
continuously and willfully denied the other parent's right to court ordered parenting
time; and (j) whether either parent has established a residence, or is planning to
establish a residence, outside the state. R.C. 3109.04(F)(1).
      ¶{12} There are also separate factors for determining whether shared
parenting is in the best interest of the children, including, but not limited to: (a) the
ability of the parents to cooperate and make decisions jointly with respect to the
children; (b) the ability of each parent to encourage the sharing of love, affection, and
contact between the child and the other parent; (c) any history of or potential for
domestic violence or kidnapping; (d) the geographic proximity of the parents to each
other as related to the practical considerations of shared parenting; and (e) any
recommendation of the guardian ad litem. R.C. 3109.04(F)(2).
      ¶{13} The lists are not exclusive, and no one factor is dispositive. Nentwick v.
Nentwick (Feb. 18, 1998), 7th Dist. No. 96JE27.         A court should also give due
consideration to which party has been the primary caregiver and the age of the child.
Bechtol, 49 Ohio St.3d at 23.
      ¶{14} Appellant raises various areas of concern here. First, appellant takes
issue with a statement the court made on the record at the final divorce trial. Among
many other statements, the court opined that shared parenting does not work if the
parties cannot get along and suggested that the parties’ particular situation called for
an agreed plan before the court would implement shared parenting. (Tr. 109).
      ¶{15} Initially, we point out that the ability of the parents to cooperate and make
decisions jointly is a specific statutory factor that must be considered when
determining whether to order shared parenting. R.C. 3109.04(F)(2). Moreover, when
read in context, the statement represents merely one among many detailing the court’s
reasoning for its anticipated ruling. Regardless, the court’s oral pronouncements are
not part of its judgment. Schenly v. Kauth (1953), 160 Ohio St. 109, syllabus ¶1. “A
reviewing court is loath to address substantive or procedural content of a courtroom
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colloquy where it is then omitted from the written judgment.” Stern v. Stern, 7th Dist.
No. 02-JE-17, 2003-Ohio-3293, ¶29.
      ¶{16} Appellant then complains that the court adopted and incorporated by
reference the mother’s proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law rather than
drafting its own entry. However, there is nothing that per se prohibits a court from
adopting a party’s findings and conclusions as its own.         See, e.g., John Fithian
Contracting Co. v City of Salem, 7th Dist. No. 07CO33, 2008-Ohio-5055, ¶16 (where
the trial court incorporated by reference a trial brief); Janosek v. Janosek, 8th Dist.
Nos. 86771, 86777, 2007-Ohio-68. Adkins v. Adkins (1988), 43 Ohio App.3d 95, 98. If
the findings and conclusions are valid, the court can utilize them as its own. See id.
      ¶{17} Next, appellant states that the temporary order of shared parenting was
working and that nothing had changed from the time the temporary order was entered.
Pursuant to Civ.R. 75(N)(1), the court may make a temporary order regarding the
allocation of parental rights and responsibilities during the pendency of an action for
divorce. When the court later fashions a custody order in finally resolving the divorce,
the court is not modifying a prior final custody decree; rather, it is entering a custody
order for the first time. State ex rel. Thompson v. Spon (1998), 83 Ohio St.3d at 554-
555; Garnet v. Garnet (Mar. 2, 1981), 7th Dist. No. 80CA31.               The changed
circumstances test in R.C. 3109.04(E) only applies when modifying custody after the
final allocation, and it does not apply merely because temporary orders had been
issued. Schmidli v. Schmidli, 7th Dist. No. 02BE63, 2003-Ohio-3274, ¶21.
      ¶{18} We also note that transitional stages of separation often call for shared
parenting pending the final divorce to avoid stress to a child.       Once the child is
accustomed to the parents’ separation, a court may find it more stressful to a young
child to change custody as often is called for in an equal shared parenting plan. Here,
the child had only just turned three at the time of the divorce trial. It should also be
pointed out that the father’s new work schedule would result in him having to be at
work at 6:00 a.m. four days per week, which would require an adjustment in the child’s
wake-up time. These are factors that can be considered under R.C. 3109.04(F) as
this statute states, “including, but not limited to” when listing the statutory
                                                                                       -6-


considerations.      This leads to our discussion of the statutorily-listed best interest
factors.
        ¶{19} The mother wished to be the sole residential parent, and the father
wished to have equal shared parenting. See R.C. 3901.04(F)(1)(a). The court found
the child was too young to be interviewed. See R.C. 3901.04(F)(1)(b). The court
found that the father was not in arrears, no party had been convicted of a relevant
criminal offense, neither parent deprived the other of parenting time, and neither
parent was planning to establish a residence out of state. See R.C. 3901.04(F)(1)(e),
(h), (i), and (j).
        ¶{20} Testimony established that the child interacts well with both parents, that
the maternal grandmother, with whom the mother lives, was once her babysitter, and
that both maternal grandparents provide support to the child.                   See R.C.
3901.04(F)(1(c). The court found that the mother was the child’s primary caregiver.
See id. The mother stated that the child cries when the mother brings her to stay with
the father, but she has never seen the child cry when the father brings the child back
to the mother. See R.C. 3901.04(F)(1)(d).
        ¶{21} The court also found that the mother was more likely to honor and
facilitate parenting time and visitation. See R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(f). In fact, the mother
testified that she was very encouraging of the child’s love for her father. See R.C.
3109.04(F)(2)(b). The father did not satisfy the court that he could do likewise. In
opining that shared parenting would not be in the child’s best interests, the court stated
that the father’s attitude of inflexibility and unwillingness to work out parenting time
unless it is in writing impaired the parties’ ability to cooperate and make joint decisions.
See R.C. 3109.04(F)(2)(a).
        ¶{22} As the court pointed out, the father’s plan had what the court found to be
unreasonable requirements such as forty-eight hour notice to leave the county, written
permission to leave the state, consultation before emergency care, and agreement
before non-emergency care. Contrary to the father’s suggestion, he did not agree to
withdraw all of these terms during his testimony. In fact, he maintained at trial that
each party must attempt to obtain written permission from the other to leave the state
                                                                                   -7-


for a day or for a vacation, which permission could be denied. (Tr. 47). He also
maintained the propriety of his plan’s medical terms. (Tr. 48).
      ¶{23} The weighing of all these factors is the discretionary function of the trial
court, and we do not substitute our judgment for that of the trial court where there is
more than one reasonable view of the evidence. See Gomez v. Gomez, 7th Dist. No.
06NO33, 2007-Ohio-1559, ¶32, 42.          Although a rational fact-finder could have
reasonably implemented shared parenting after making amendments to the
unreasonable portions of the father’s plan pursuant to R.C. 3109.04(D)(1)(a), such a
result was not required.    The trial court occupied the best position to judge the
credibility of the mother and the father. See Davis, 77 Ohio St.3d at 419; Bechtol, 49
Ohio St. 3d at 23. The court viewed their demeanor, voice inflections, gestures, eye
movements and was best suited to make decisions regarding their sincerity as to their
role in the child’s life and their ability to cooperate jointly. There is competent and
credible evidence to support the court’s decision. As such, this assignment of error is
overruled.
      ¶{24} For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the trial court is hereby
affirmed.

Donofrio, J., concurs.
DeGenaro, J., concurs.
