                              STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
                            SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

                                                                                     FILED
In re E.B.                                                                      February 7, 2020
                                                                                 EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
                                                                                 SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
No. 19-0597 (Raleigh County 13-JA-76-P)                                              OF WEST VIRGINIA




                               MEMORANDUM DECISION



        Petitioner T.B.,1 pro se, appeals the Circuit Court of Raleigh County’s June 11, 2019, order
denying her motion to modify disposition.2 The West Virginia Department of Health and Human
Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel S.L. Evans, filed a response in support of the circuit court’s
order. The guardian ad litem, Matthew Brandon Fragile, filed a response on behalf of the child,
also in support of the circuit court’s order. On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred
in denying her motion to modify disposition when it did not provide her proper notice of the
hearing.

       This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these reasons,
a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.

        Following the initiation of child abuse and neglect proceedings against petitioner, the
circuit court terminated her parental rights in December of 2014 based upon a finding that there
was no reasonable likelihood that petitioner could substantially correct the conditions of abuse and
neglect in the near future. The circuit court also found that petitioner failed to cooperate with the
DHHR, failed to comply with services designed to alleviate the conditions of abuse and neglect,


      Petitioner is the child’s biological mother, whose parental rights were terminated in
       1

December of 2014.
       2
         Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W. Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W. Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013);
State v. Brandon B., 218 W. Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183 W.
Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990).


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and suffered from substance abuse addiction that she refused to address. Petitioner did not appeal
the circuit court’s final dispositional order.
        Petitioner filed a motion seeking modification of disposition in May of 2019. Petitioner
requested visitation and the opportunity to “re-establish rights.” The circuit court scheduled a
hearing on June 6, 2019. On the date of the hearing, petitioner did not appear. The circuit court
denied petitioner’s motion for modification of disposition, finding that it did not have authority to
grant petitioner the relief she requested. It is from the June 11, 2019, order denying her motion that
petitioner appeals.3


       The Court has previously established the following standard of review:

               “Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
       novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
       facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
       evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether such
       child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a reviewing
       court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there
       is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left
       with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed. However,
       a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply because it would have decided
       the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if the circuit court’s account of the
       evidence is plausible in light of the record viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In
       Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223, 470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).

Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W. Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011).

        On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying her motion to modify
disposition when she did not receive proper notice of the hearing. According to petitioner, the
circuit court entered the wrong zip code for her address, resulting in her never receiving notice of
the hearing. We find that petitioner is entitled to no relief on appeal.

       Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 49-4-606(a),

       [u]pon motion of a child, a child’s parent or custodian or the department alleging
       a change of circumstances requiring a different disposition, the court shall conduct
       a hearing pursuant to [§ 49-4-604] and may modify a dispositional order if the court
       finds by clear and convincing evidence a material change of circumstances and that
       the modification is in the child’s best interests.

(Emphasis added). This Court has held that


       3
         The child was placed in the nonabusing father’s care following the termination of
petitioner’s parental rights in 2014. The permanency plan for the child is to remain in his care.


                                                  2
                [a] final order terminating a person’s parental rights, as the result of either
        an involuntary termination or a voluntary relinquishment of parental rights,
        completely severs the parent-child relationship, and, as a consequence of such order
        of termination, the law no longer recognizes such person as a “parent” with regard
        to the child(ren) involved in the particular termination proceeding.

Syl. Pt. 4, In re Cesar L., 221 W. Va. 249, 654 S.E.2d 373 (2007). Further,

               [a] person whose parental rights have been terminated by a final order, as
        the result of either an involuntary termination or a voluntary relinquishment of
        parental rights, does not have standing as a “parent,” pursuant to [West Virginia
        Code § 49-4-606] to move for modification of disposition of the child with respect
        to whom his/her parental rights have been terminated.

Id. at 251, 654 S.E.2d at 375, syl. pt. 6.

         Here, the record is clear that petitioner’s parental rights to E.B. were terminated in 2014.
Therefore, petitioner did not have standing to seek modification of disposition. As shown above,
a parent whose parental rights have been involuntarily terminated “does not have standing as a
‘parent’ . . . to move for modification of disposition.” Id. Accordingly, any alleged lack of notice
to a hearing on her motion to modify disposition is irrelevant given that petitioner lacked standing
to file the motion in the first place. Petitioner is entitled to no relief in this regard.

       For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court, and its June
11, 2019, order is hereby affirmed.


                                                                                            Affirmed.

ISSUED: February 7, 2020


CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Tim Armstead
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
Justice Evan H. Jenkins

DISQUALIFIED:

Justice John A. Hutchison




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