                                                                            FILED
                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                             JAN 24 2018
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS


                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT


KEVIN LOADER,                                    No.    16-35229

              Plaintiff-Appellant,               D.C. No. 6:15-cv-00038-JTJ

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
NANCY A. BERRYHILL, Acting
Commissioner Social Security,

              Defendant-Appellee.


                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Montana
                   John T. Johnston, Magistrate Judge, Presiding

                     Argued and Submitted December 6, 2017
                              Seattle, Washington

Before: O’SCANNLAIN, TALLMAN, and WATFORD, Circuit Judges.

      Kevin Loader appeals the district court’s order affirming the Social Security

Administration’s denial of his application for disability benefits. Because the facts

are known to the parties, we repeat them only as necessary to explain our decision.

                                          I


      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      The administrative law judge (ALJ) did not err in finding that Loader’s

depression was a medically determinable but not “severe” impairment at Step 2 of

the five-step sequential procedure. See generally 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520, 416.920.

But even if that determination were made in error, it would be harmless, because

Loader prevailed at Step 2—and his case proceeded to the remaining steps—on the

basis of other severe impairments. Once past Step 2, the ALJ was required to

consider Loader’s depression as a medically determinable impairment, even if it

was not found to be severe. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1545(a)(2); 416.945(a)(2). Thus,

once Loader prevailed at Step 2, it made no difference for the ALJ’s ensuing

analysis whether his medically determinable depression was previously considered

“severe.” See Buck v. Berryhill, 869 F.3d 1040, 1049 (9th Cir. 2017).

                                        II

      The ALJ did err, however, by failing to consider the limitations imposed by

Loader’s depression when assessing his residual functional capacity (RFC), and

thereafter when examining the vocational expert. As stated, at Step 2, the ALJ

found Loader’s depression to be a “medically determinable mental impairment.”

The ALJ was therefore required to consider such impairment in assessing Loader’s

RFC. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1545(a)(2); 416.945(a)(2); Buck, 869 F.3d at 1049. The

ALJ failed, however, even to mention Loader’s depression or mental impairments


                                         2
when assessing his RFC, and the RFC itself says nothing at all about such

impairments or their effects. Likewise, the ALJ failed to mention any such

impairment in the hypothetical questions it posed to the vocational expert.

      We cannot conclude that the ALJ’s failure to consider Loader’s mental

impairments when assessing his RFC or when questioning the vocational expert

was harmless. Cf. Robbins v. Soc. Sec. Admin., 466 F.3d 880, 885 (9th Cir. 2006)

(error is harmless if it is “clear from the record that [the] error was inconsequential

to the ultimate nondisability determination” (internal quotation marks omitted)).

Indeed, at the hearing before the ALJ on Loader’s first application for disability

benefits, the vocational expert testified that the addition of “marked limitations in

the ability to persist, pace, or concentrate throughout an eight-hour day” to

Loader’s physical impairments may have changed the expert’s opinion as to the

work that Loader could perform. Such limitations are similar to the mild mental

limitations that the ALJ found to be associated with Loader’s depression, and thus

express consideration of such impairments may have impacted the ALJ’s ultimate

disability determination.

                                           III

      The ALJ did not err in assessing Loader’s physical limitations in the RFC

and or in his examination of the vocational expert. The ALJ’s assessment of


                                           3
Loader’s physical limitations is supported by substantial evidence in the record,

including both medical evidence and evidence related to Loader’s activities.

                                         A

      The ALJ’s adverse assessment of Loader’s credibility was supported by

“specific, clear and convincing reasons.” Trevizo v. Berryhill, 871 F.3d 664, 678

(9th Cir. 2017) (internal quotation marks omitted). Indeed, the ALJ cited

numerous pieces of evidence in the record that clearly contradicted Loader’s

testimony as to the extent of his impairments, including objective medical evidence

such as diagnostic test results, evidence that Loader experienced some relief from

conservative and routine care, and evidence that Loader participated in various

activities that contradicted his supposed physical limitations.1 Such contradictions

are sufficient to support the ALJ’s credibility determination. See generally

Ghanim v. Colvin, 763 F.3d 1154, 1163–64 (9th Cir. 2014) (discussing ALJ

credibility determinations).


      1
         Loader’s complaint that some of the events cited by the ALJ occurred
before the alleged onset date of his disability is misplaced. As the ALJ explained,
Loader’s alleged onset date had “no clinical significance,” but was instead simply
the day after Loader’s prior application for benefits based on the exact same
alleged disabilities was denied. It was thus Loader’s burden to show that his
condition had materially worsened since his previous claim was denied. See Fair
v. Bowen, 885 F.2d 597, 600 (9th Cir. 1989). Because evidence such as diagnostic
images suggested that Loader’s condition had not materially worsened, Loader’s
prior activities remained relevant to illustrating the extent of his impairments.
                                          4
                                         B

      The ALJ likewise provided specific, clear, and convincing reasons to reject

Dr. Meyer’s assessment of Loader’s physical limitations. See Bayliss v. Barnhart,

427 F.3d 1211, 1216 (9th Cir. 2005). Once again, those reasons included several

contradictions between Dr. Meyer’s opinion as to Loader’s physical capabilities

and physical activities that Loader actually performed.

                                         C

      Although the ALJ failed explicitly to consider and provide germane reasons

for rejecting evidence from every non-medical source, such evidence was merely

corroborative of the impairments described by Loader and Dr. Meyer. Because the

ALJ’s well-supported reasons for rejecting Loader’s and Dr. Meyer’s testimony

apply with equal force to the testimony of the non-medical witnesses, the ALJ’s

failure explicitly to consider the evidence from every such witness was harmless.

See Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1117–22 (9th Cir. 2012).

                                         IV

      For the foregoing reasons, the decision of the district court is AFFIRMED

in part, REVERSED in part, and this case is REMANDED to the district court

with instructions to remand to the Commissioner for further proceedings. On

remand, the ALJ is directed to re-assess Loader’s RFC, including all of Loader’s


                                          5
relevant medically determinable impairments, both physical and mental, and to re-

assess its Steps 4 and 5 conclusions in light of the complete RFC.

      The parties shall bear their own costs on appeal.




                                         6
                                                                            FILED
Loader v. Berryhill, No. 16-35229
                                                                             JAN 24 2018
WATFORD, Circuit Judge, concurring in part and dissenting in part:       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS


      I would reverse across the board. I think the ALJ erred in determining that

Mr. Loader’s testimony was not credible, and in giving no weight to Dr. Meyer’s

April 21, 2014, opinion statement. The objective medical evidence supports, rather

than contradicts, Mr. Loader’s complaints about the extent of his back pain;

indeed, the medical evidence confirms that his back pain “persists and is fairly

debilitating.” Dr. Meyer’s opinion statement is fully consistent with his treatment

notes and the record as a whole. As a result, the ALJ had no basis for disregarding

the views of Dr. Meyer, who was not only Mr. Loader’s treating physician but also

the only medical doctor whose opinions are included in the record.
