     Case: 10-30489 Document: 00511472148 Page: 1 Date Filed: 05/10/2011




           IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT  United States Court of Appeals
                                                    Fifth Circuit

                                                 FILED
                                                                           May 10, 2011
                                      No. 10-30489
                                                                          Lyle W. Cayce
                                                                               Clerk
TERRY HEBERT, SR.,

                                                  Plaintiff–Appellant–Appellee
v.

ARLENE RODRIGUEZ, individually and in her official capacity as a police
officer;

                                                  Defendant–Appellant

CRAIG MELANCON, Chief , in his official capacity as Chief of Police for
Thibodaux Police Department; Thibodaux Police Department; Thibodaux
City;
                                       Defendants-Appellees.


                   Appeals from the United States District Court
                       for the Eastern District of Louisiana
                                     (2:08-CV-5240)



Before WIENER, BENAVIDES, and STEWART, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:*

           After carefully considering this appeal in light of the briefs, oral
argument, and pertinent portions of the record, we affirm.




       *
        Pursuant to 5th Circuit Local Rule 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion
should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth
in 5th Circuit Local Rule 47.5.4.
     Case: 10-30489 Document: 00511472148 Page: 2 Date Filed: 05/10/2011



                                        No. 10-30489

       First, we affirm the district court’s denial of Rodriguez’s motion for
judgment notwithstanding the verdict on this is Hebert’s false-arrest claim.1
Hebert’s primary evidence in support of his false-arrest claim was his own
testimony at trial. Rodriguez would have us discredit this testimony in light of
prior inconsistent statements. But she neglects that these pretrial statements
go to Hebert’s credibility as a witness, not the legal sufficiency of the evidence.
The determination of a witness’s credibility “‘lies at the core of a jury’s
factfinding function’”2 and is not the province of judges.3 In other words, it is
irrelevant whether we are persuaded of Hebert’s version of the events in this
case—what matters is that the jury was persuaded.                     The evidence here is
sufficient to support the jury’s finding.
       We also affirm the jury’s damages award. The trial record contains legally
sufficient evidence to support all of Hebert’s damages claims: lost business
income, emotional distress, and punitive damages.                   We also find that the
punitive-damages award was not excessive.




       1
         We review de novo a district court’s denial of a motion for judgment notwithstanding
the jury’s verdict, applying the same standard as the district court. Chevron USA, Inc. v. Aker
Maritime, Inc., 604 F.3d 888, 893 (5th Cir. 2010) (citing E. Tex. Med. Ctr. Reg’l Healthcare Sys.
v. Lexington Ins. Co., 575 F.3d 520, 525 (5th Cir. 2009)). “In an action tried by jury, a motion
for judgment as a matter of law is a challenge to the legal sufficiency of the evidence
supporting the jury’s verdict.” McBeth v. Carpenter, 565 F.3d 171, 176 (5th Cir. 2009) (citing
Harrington v. Harris, 118 F.3d 359, 367 (5th Cir. 1997)).
       2
         9B CHARLES A. WRIGHT & ARTHUR MILLER , FEDERAL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE § 2526
(3d ed. 2008) (quoting Battle v. United Parcel Servs., 438 F.3d 856, 862 (8th Cir. 2006)).
       3
           Leonard v. Dixie Well Serv. & Supply, Inc., 828 F.2d 291, 293–94 (5th Cir. 1987).

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                                         No. 10-30489

       We further affirm the district court’s award of attorney’s fees pursuant to
42 U.S.C. § 19884 —the court’s award was properly calculated and carefully
explained.
       We further affirm the district court’s dismissal of Hebert’s municipal-
liability claims, which he argues sound in both federal and state law. As to his
municipal-liability claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, Hebert failed to present
evidence to support one of the very few exceptions 5 to the general rule that local
governments are liable only for “their own illegal acts.”6 Thus, the district court
was correct to dismiss his claim. As to municipal liability under Louisiana law,
we hold that Hebert waived this claim by failing to properly present it to the
district court7 and to this court on appeal.8
       We further affirm the district court’s dismissal of Hebert’s defamation
claims. Hebert has failed to show—as he must to overcome the district court’s



       4
        We review this award for an abuse of discretion, El Paso Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Richard
R., 591 F.3d 417, 425 n.9 (5th Cir. 2009), asking whether the district court’s factual findings
were clearly erroneous, id., and reviewing its legal conclusions de novo, Dearmore v. City of
Garland, 519 F.3d 517, 520 (5th Cir. 2008); Bailey v. Mississippi, 407 F.3d 684, 686 (5th Cir.
2005).
       5
          See Connick v. Thompson, 131 S. Ct. 1350, 1359–60 (2011) (liability where official
policymakers fail to adequately train their employees about their duty to avoid violating
citizens’ rights); City of St. Louis v. Praprotnik, 485 U.S. 112, 127 (1988) (liability under a
ratification theory when “authorized policymakers approve a subordinate’s decision and the
basis for it”); Monell v. New York City Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 436 U.S. 658, 691 (1978) (liability
where “action pursuant to official municipal policy” caused the plaintiff’s injury).
       6
           Pembaur v. Cincinnati, 475 U.S. 469, 479 (1986) (citing Monell, 436 U.S. at 665–83).
       7
          The district court repeatedly attempted to clarify the nature of Hebert’s municipal-
liability claims before dismissing them, and Hebert failed to present the state-law theory it
now urges.
       8
         The municipal-liability section of Hebert’s opening appeal brief fails to cite even one
legal authority, let alone a specific Louisiana authority that creates vicarious municipal
liability for police torts. Arguments not raised in an appellant’s opening brief are waived.
Valle v. City of Houston, 613 F.3d 536, 544 (5th Cir. 2010) (Tharling v. City of Port Lavaca, 329
F.3d 422, 430 (5th Cir. 2003)).

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                                        No. 10-30489

grant of judgment as a matter of law—“a conflict in substantial evidence on each
essential element” of his defamation claims.9
       Finally, we affirm the two evidentiary rulings Hebert now challenges. He
argues that the district court erred by excluding the testimony of his expert
witness, but this issue is mooted by the court’s proper dismissal of his municipal-
liability claims. Hebert also argues that the district court erred in admitting, on
a motion in limine, evidence of Hebert’s twenty-six-year-old felony conviction.
However, Hebert waived his objection to the admission of this evidence by first
presenting it himself on direct examination.10
       In conclusion, we AFFIRM in all respects the jury’s verdict and the rulings
of the district court.




       9
           Anthony v. Chevron USA, Inc., 284 F.3d 578, 583 (5th Cir. 2002).
       10
         Ohler v. United States, 529 U.S. 753, 760 (2000) (“A [party] who preemptively
introduces evidence of a prior conviction on direct examination may not on appeal claim that
the admission of such evidence was error.”).

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