         In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                    OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
                                          Filed: May 20, 2019
                                         (Not to be published)

    * * * * * * * * * * *                *   *   * *
    JODI FISKE,                                    *
                                                   *         No. 17-1378V
                   Petitioner,                     *
                                                   *
    v.                                             *         Special Master Oler
                                                   *
    SECRETARY OF HEALTH                            *         Interim Attorneys’ Fees and Costs;
    AND HUMAN SERVICES,                            *         Duplicative Billing;
                                                   *         Administrative Tasks.
              Respondent.                          *
    * * * * * * * * * * *                *   *   * *

Andrew Donald Downing, Van Cott & Talamante, PLLC, Phoenix, AZ, for Petitioner.

Lara Ann Englund, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for Respondent.

                   DECISION AWARDING INTERIM ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS1


Oler, Special Master:

           On September 28, 2017, Jodi Fiske (“Petitioner”) filed a petition for compensation in the
    National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (“the Program”)2 alleging that she developed small
    fiber neuropathy as a result of her receipt of the influenza (“flu”) vaccination on September 29,
    2014. See Petition (“Pet.”), ECF No. 1. Petitioner now requests an award of interim attorneys’ fees
    and costs.


1
  Because this unpublished decision contains a reasoned explanation for the action in this case, I intend to post
this decision on the United States Court of Federal Claims’ website, in accordance with the E-Government
Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-347, § 205, 116 Stat. 2899, 2913 (codified as amended at 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note
(2012)). Accordingly, this decision will be accessible by anyone with access to the internet. In accordance
with Vaccine Rule 18(b), a party has 14 days to identify and move to delete medical or other information, that
satisfies the criteria in 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-12(d)(4)(B). Further, consistent with the rule, a motion for redaction
must include a proposed redacted decision. If, upon review, I agree that the identified material fits within the
requirements of that provision, I will delete such material from public access.
2
 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 (“Vaccine Act”), Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755.
Hereinafter, for ease of citation, all “§” references to the Vaccine Act will be to the pertinent subparagraph of
42 U.S.C. §300aa (2012).
                                                        1
        I.      The Instant Motion

        On October 26, 2018, Petitioner filed an application for interim attorneys’ fees and costs
 (“Interim Motion”), requesting $19,645.60 in attorneys’ fees for her counsel of record, F. John
 Caldwell, Jr. of Maglio Christopher & Toale, PA (“MCT”), and $1,049.41 in attorneys’ costs, for a
 total of $20,685.01. See Interim Motion, ECF No. 25 at 2; see also Exs. 14-18, contained as
 attachments to ECF No. 71. A review of the Interim Motion reflects that Petitioner herself has not
 borne any out-of-pocket expenses up to this point in the litigation. See generally Interim Motion.

        Respondent filed a response to Petitioner’s Interim Motion on November 5, 2018.
 Respondent’s Response, ECF No. 26. Respondent argues that “[n]either the Vaccine Act nor
 Vaccine Rule 13 requires respondent to file a response to a request by a petitioner for an award of
 attorneys’ fees and costs.” Id. at 1. Respondent adds that he “is satisfied the statutory requirements
 for an award of attorneys’ fees and costs are met in this case,” but he “respectfully requests that [I]
 exercise [my] discretion and determine a reasonable award” for interim attorneys’ fees and costs. Id.
 at 2-3. On November 7, 2018, Petitioner filed a response in opposition to Respondent’s position to
 defer to the Special Master. ECF No. 27. In it, she requested that attorneys’ fees and costs be paid
 without reduction in the absence of any specific objections from Respondent. Id.

      For the reasons discussed below, I hereby GRANT IN PART Petitioner’s Interim Motion,
 awarding $17,087.99 in attorneys’ fees and $1,049.41 in costs, for a total of $18,137.40.

        II.     Legal Standard for Interim Attorneys’ Fees and Costs

        The Federal Circuit has held that an award of interim attorneys’ fees and costs is permissible
under the Vaccine Act. Shaw v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 609 F.3d 1372 (Fed. Cir. 2010);
Avera v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 515 F.3d 1343 (Fed. Cir. 2008). The Federal Circuit has
stated, “Congress made clear that denying interim attorneys' fees under the Vaccine Act is contrary
to an underlying purpose of the Vaccine Act.” Cloer v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 675 F.3d
1358, 1361-62 (Fed. Cir. 2012).

        In Avera, the Federal Circuit stated, “[i]nterim fees are particularly appropriate in cases where
proceedings are protracted, and costly experts must be retained.” 515 F.3d at 1352. Likewise, in
Shaw, the Federal Circuit held that “where the claimant establishes that the cost of litigation has
imposed an undue hardship and there exists a good faith basis for the claim, it is proper for the special
master to award interim attorneys' fees.” 609 F.3d at 1375. However, Avera did not exclusively
define when interim fees are appropriate; rather, it has been interpreted to allow special masters
discretion. See Kirk v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 08-241V, 2013 WL 775396, at *2 (Fed.
Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 13, 2009); Bear v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 11-362V, 2013 WL
691963, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Feb. 4, 2013). Even though it has been argued that a petitioner
must meet the three Avera criteria -- protracted proceedings, costly expert testimony, and undue
hardship -- special masters have instead treated these criteria as possible factors in a flexible
balancing test. Avera, 515 F.3d at 1352; Al-Uffi v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 13-956V,
2015 WL 6181669, at *7 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 30, 2015).


                                                   2
        The undue hardship inquiry looks at more than just financial involvement of a petitioner; it
also looks at any money expended by petitioner’s counsel. Kirk, 2013 WL 775396, at *2 (finding
“the general principle underlying an award of interim fees was clear: avoid working a substantial
financial hardship on petitioners and their counsel.”). Mr. Caldwell is no longer counsel of record in
this case and Petitioner’s current counsel does not practice within the same firm. Thus, I find it
reasonable to award interim attorneys’ fees and costs at this juncture to avoid undue hardship for
both Mr. Caldwell and Petitioner’s current counsel.

          III.   Reasonable Attorneys’ Fees

         If interim fees are deemed appropriate, a petitioner is eligible for an interim award of
reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs if the special master finds that a petitioner brought his/her
petition in good faith and with a reasonable basis. §15(e)(1); Avera, 515 F.3d at 1352; Shaw, 609
F.3d at 1372; Woods v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 105 Fed. Cl. 148, 154 (2012); Friedman v.
Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 94 Fed. Cl. 323, 334 (2010); Doe 21 v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., 89 Fed. Cl. 661, 668 (2009); Bear, 2013 WL 691963, at *5; Lumsden v. Sec’y of Health &
Human Servs., No. 97-588V, 2012 WL 1450520, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 28, 2012).
Respondent did not raise any objection to the good faith or reasonable basis for the claim. I find the
petition was filed in good faith and with a reasonable basis. As there is no other reason to deny the
award of interim fees and costs, I will award Petitioner’s reasonable interim attorneys’ fees and costs
in this instant decision.

        While Respondent did not contest the billing rate or specific entries, the special master has
the discretion to reduce awards sua sponte, independent of enumerated objections. Sabella v. Sec’y
of Health & Human Servs., 86 Fed. Cl. 201, 208-09 (2009); Savin v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs.,
85 Fed. Cl. 303 (2008), aff’d, No. 99-537V, 2008 WL 2066611 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 22, 2008).

                 A. Requested Hourly Rates
        Petitioner requests compensation for her attorneys, Mr. John Caldwell and Mr. Altom Maglio.
Petitioner requests the following hourly rates for work performed by Mr. Caldwell and Mr. Maglio
from 2017 to 2018:

             Mr. Caldwell       Mr. Maglio
   2017      $367.00            $362.00
   2018      $391.00            n/a

Petitioner also requests that paralegals of MCT be compensated for work performed from 2017-2018
at rates varying from $145.00 per hour to $148.00 per hour, based on the year and the individual
paralegal. See Ex. 14 at 14.

                 B. Hourly Rates Awarded

                         i. Mr. Caldwell and Mr. Maglio
        Mr. Caldwell’s requested hourly rate for work performed in 2017 has been previously found
to be reasonable by several special masters and, therefore, will be awarded in full. Mr. Caldwell’s
                                                 3
requested hourly rate for 2018, however, has been rejected by special masters on numerous occasions.
See Decker v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 16-1104V, 2018 WL 7316271 (Fed. Cl. Spec.
Mstr. Nov. 13, 2018); Roetto v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 16-0018V, 2018 WL 3031026
(Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 29, 2018); Paul v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 16-0468V, 2018
WL 4611404 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Jun. 22, 2018); Richardson v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs.,
No. 15-0053V, 2018 WL 6521310 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Oct. 22, 2018). In her reasoned decision in
Roetto, Chief Special Master Dorsey calculated and awarded Mr. Caldwell’s hourly rate for 2018 at
$385.00. Subsequent decisions have rejected Mr. Caldwell’s repeated requests for an hourly rate of
$391.00, instead consistently awarding $385.00. As such, I reduce Mr. Caldwell’s requested hourly
rate for 2018 to $385.00.

       Mr. Maglio’s requested rate of $362.00 for 2017 has been previously awarded, and, thus, I
award it in full.

                        ii. Paralegal rates
       MCT’s paralegal hourly rates range, as listed above, has been previously found reasonable.
See Ritchie v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 16-514V, 2018 WL 2224203 (Fed. Cl. Spec.
Mstr. Mar. 23, 2018). Accordingly, I award the requested hourly rates for MCT paralegals in full.


                        iii. Summary of Hourly Rates Awarded
       In light of the above, the hourly rates to be awarded in this instant application are as follows:


           Mr. Caldwell         Mr. Maglio
   2017    $367.00              $362.00
   2018    $385.00              n/a

        Accordingly, Petitioner’s requested 2018 hourly rate for Mr. Caldwell has been reduced, and
the requested hourly rates for Mr. Maglio and MCT paralegals are awarded in full.

                C. Reduction of Billable Hours

                        i. Mr. Caldwell and Mr. Maglio
      Petitioner requested $108.60, representing 0.3 hours, for work performed by Mr. Maglio in
2017. I find the work performed and the hours expended are reasonable and, thus, award Mr.
Maglio’s requested hours in full.

       In the one year he worked on the case, Mr. Caldwell invoiced for a total of 36.9 hours,
representing 19.5 hours for work performed in 2017 and 17.4 hours for work performed in 2018. Ex.
14 at 14. I find that the majority of Mr. Caldwell’s billing was reasonable. However, I find Mr.
Caldwell excessively billed for review of the Respondent’s Rule 4(c) Report. Ex. 14 at 12-13. On
August 27, 2018, Mr. Caldwell initiated his “receipt and review of [Respondent’s] Rule 4 report”
and his “review [of the] file and medical records in light thereof.” Id. at 12. He spent 2.4 hours on
                                                 4
that date and continued his review on August 30, 2018, billing another 3.6 hours. In total, he invoiced
6 hours on those two dates for reviewing the medical records and conducting research in light of
Respondent’s position.

        On September 20, 2018, Mr. Caldwell again invoiced for a review of the Rule 4(c) Report
and case materials, requesting an additional 4.9 hours. On that same date, Mr. Caldwell spoke with
Petitioner regarding the “case status and ongoing handling” and emailed possible superseding
counsel. The next day, his paralegal, Ms. Tammie Olagbaju, emailed Petitioner regarding a General
Order #9 statement for this Interim Motion. On September 27, 2018, Petitioner filed a status report,
indicating that Mr. Caldwell was withdrawing as counsel from this matter. I find it unreasonable for
Mr. Caldwell to 1) repeat his review of the Rule 4(c) Report on September 20, 2018, and 2) conduct
any substantive work when it was clear he intended to withdraw as counsel. For these reasons, I
reduce Mr. Caldwell’s 2018 hours awarded by 4.9 hours.

       Accordingly, I reduce Mr. Caldwell’s hours requested in 4.9 hours, resulting in an award of
19.5 hours in 2017 and 12.5 hours in 2018.
                         ii. MCT Paralegals
        Petitioner requested a total of $5,567.10 for the work completed by MCT paralegals. Ex. 14
at 14. Based on my review of the billing records submitted with Petitioner’s Interim Motion (see
generally Ex. 14), I find that the MCT firm paralegals billed hours that I consider “excessive,
redundant, or otherwise unnecessary.” Saxton v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 3 F.3d 1517, 1521
(Fed. Cir. 1993). Specifically, on several occasions, the paralegals of MCT invoiced for completing
administrative tasks such as updating case files, noting case deadlines, organizing client files, and
forwarding correspondence. Moreover, many of the billing entries also reflect instances of block
billing, wherein the paralegals of MCT billed for multiple tasks in a single entry, thus often
comingling time that is not compensable with time that is compensable. For such entries, it is
impossible to determine the precise portion of the time billed that should be compensated. I note that
it is counsel’s burden to document the fees claimed. See Rodriguez v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., No. 06-559V, 2009 WL 2568468, at *8 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 29, 2009); see also
Broekelschen v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 2008 U.S. Claims LEXIS 399, at *13-14 (Fed. Cl.
Spec. Mstr. Dec. 17, 2008) (reducing a petitioner’s attorneys’ fees award and criticizing counsel in
that case for block billing). Indeed, the Vaccine Program’s Guidelines for Practice state as follows:
“[e]ach task should have its own line entry indicating the amount of time spent on that task. Lumping
together several unrelated tasks in the same time entry frustrates the court’s ability to assess the
reasonableness of the request.”3

       I additionally find that the billing invoices reveal some instance of duplicative review. In
3
 Guidelines for Practice Under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program ("Guidelines for
Practice") at 67 (revised Nov. 5, 2018) found at:
https://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/18.11.05%20Vaccine%20Guidelines.pdf (last visited on
March 27, 2018).

                                                    5
both years, MCT assigned three to four paralegals to the matter, requiring at least three paralegals
and at least one attorney to continuously review and stay abreast of the case. It has been a long-
standing practice in the Vaccine Program to reduce attorneys’ fees for such similar duplicative billing
entries. See, Z.H. v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 16-123V, 2018 WL 1835210, at *3 (Fed.
Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 6, 2018) (reducing fees where “[m]ultiple attorneys reviewed the same orders
and notifications and all billed time for doing so”).

       Accordingly, I will reduce the total fees requested by MCT paralegals by 10%.

                         iii. Summary of Hours Awarded
         For the reasons outlined above, I will reduce the total award of Petitioner’s requested
attorneys’ fees. I reduce Mr. Caldwell’s hours for 2017 by 1.8 hours and for 2018 by 5.5 hours. This
results in an award of 19.5 hours in 2017 and 12.5 hours in 2018, for a total of $11,969.00. I did not
reduce Mr. Maglio’s requested fees and, therefore, award the full $108.60.

       Further, I reduce the fees requested by MCT paralegals by 10%, or $556.71. This results in
an award of $5,010.39.

       Accordingly, Petitioner is awarded total attorneys’ fees in the amount of $17,087.99.

         IV.    Reasonable Attorneys’ Costs

        Like attorneys’ fees, a request for reimbursement of costs must be reasonable. Perreira v. Sec’y
of Health & Human Servs., 27 Fed. Cl. 29, 34 (1992). Reasonable costs include the costs of obtaining
medical records and expert time incurred while working on a case. Fester v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., 10-243V, 2013 WL 5367670, at *16 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Aug. 27, 2013). When petitioners
fail to carry their burden, such as by not providing appropriate documentation to substantiate a
requested cost, special masters have refrained from awarding such costs. See, e.g., Gardner-Cook v.
Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 99-480V, 2005 WL 6122520, at *4 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June
30, 2005).

        Petitioner requests $1,049.41 in attorneys’ costs. Ex. 15 at 2. The requested costs herein can
be sorted into two different categories: (1) expert costs and (2) miscellaneous costs, to include costs
for obtaining medical records and mailing packages. At the time of filing this present motion,
Petitioner had not yet incurred expert costs and, thus, requests reimbursement for only
miscellaneous case costs incurred by MCT. As I find the costs incurred by MCT to be reasonable
and supported by appropriate documentation, I award Petitioner the full attorneys’ costs requested,
$1,049.41.

         V.     Conclusion

        Accordingly, in the exercise of the discretion afforded to me in determining the propriety of
 interim fees awards, and based on the foregoing, I GRANT IN PART Petitioner’s Interim Motion,
 as follows:

                                                   6
                        Amount Requested             Reduction               Total Awarded

     Attorneys’ Fees    $19,635.60                   $2,547.61               $17,087.99
     Litigation Costs   $1,049.41                    $0                      $1,049.41

                                                              Grand Total: $18,137.40

        I therefore award a total of $18,137.40 in interim fees and costs as a lump sum in the form of
a check jointly payable to Petitioner and Petitioner’s previous counsel of record, Mr. F. John Caldwell,
Esq., representing attorneys’ fees in the amount of $17,087.99, plus costs in the amount of $1,049.41.

        In the absence of a motion for review filed pursuant to RCFC Appendix B, the Clerk of Court
    SHALL ENTER JUDGMENT in accordance with this decision.4


          IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                                              s/ Katherine E. Oler
                                                               Katherine E. Oler
                                                               Special Master




4
  Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), entry of judgment is expedited by the parties’ joint filing of a notice
renouncing the right to seek review.
                                                   7
