[Cite as State v. Ealy, 2016-Ohio-1185.]

                              IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

                                   TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT



State of Ohio                                      :

                 Plaintiff-Appellee,               :
                                                                   No. 15AP-600
v.                                                 :          (C.P.C. No. 14CR-2959)

Nicholas L. Ealy,                                  :       (REGULAR CALENDAR)

                 Defendant-Appellant.              :



                                           D E C I S I O N

                                      Rendered on March 22, 2016


                 On brief: Ron O'Brien, Prosecuting Attorney, and Seth L.
                 Gilbert, for appellee.

                 On brief: Clark Law Office, and Toki Michelle Clark, for
                 appellant.

                   APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas

SADLER, J.
        {¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Nicholas L. Ealy, appeals from a judgment of the
Franklin County Court of Common Pleas convicting him of robbery, in violation of R.C.
2911.02. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
I. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
        {¶ 2} On April 25, 2014, the victim, Ronald Crowder, was beaten and robbed in an
alley off Miller Avenue in Downtown Columbus. According to his trial testimony,
Crowder spent the day at a casino on the west side of the city before departing in his
vehicle with two friends around 2:30 a.m. He dropped off one of his friends in the area of
James Road and Broad Street and the second at Town Street and Washington Avenue.
No. 15AP-600                                                                             2


After dropping off his passengers, Crowder took Bryden Road to Miller Avenue in the
direction of a highway that would take him east to his home in Reynoldsburg. When
Crowder was driving on Miller Avenue, he saw appellant standing near a vehicle in the
alley. Crowder had known appellant for a number of years because he was acquainted
with appellant's ex-girlfriend, and he had purchased drugs from some of their mutual
friends. Crowder acknowledged at trial that he had suffered from drug addiction in the
past and had relapsed on or about the time of the assault. He denied that he was under
the influence of drugs at the time of the robbery.
       {¶ 3} Crowder testified that appellant flagged him down as he drove past the
alley. Believing appellant was in some kind of trouble, Crowder turned down the alley
toward appellant. He saw two female passengers in a vehicle parked in the surface lot at
the end of the alley. Crowder pulled his vehicle along side the other vehicle. According to
Crowder's trial testimony, as soon as he opened his car door to exit his vehicle, appellant
kicked him in the head and ribs. Crowder testified that, as appellant continued to kick
him, a woman entered the back seat of his vehicle and began rifling through the center
console and trying to get in his pockets. Appellant then stole Crowder's keys from the
ignition and returned to his own vehicle. Appellant and the two women then fled the
scene in the other vehicle.
       {¶ 4} After appellant and the two women left, Crowder walked to a nearby dialysis
center and asked to use the phone, but he was denied entry. Crowder then walked to a
pay phone at a gas station on Livingston Avenue and dialed 911 to report the incident.
Crowder identified appellant as his assailant during that call, and he also told the 911
dispatcher that a woman had tried to go through his pockets. A recording of the 911 call
was played for the jury during appellant's trial.
       {¶ 5} Officer Joshua Seymour of the City of Columbus, Division of Police, met
Crowder at the gas station. At trial, Officer Seymour recalled that Crowder was "having a
hard time standing, kind of shaken." (Tr. Vol. I, 84.) After a brief interview, Officer
Seymour drove Crowder to his vehicle and called for a tow truck. Officer Seymour left
before the tow truck arrived. When Crowder returned to his vehicle, he noticed that a
sweatshirt had been stolen from the back seat and that a pack of Black & Mild cigars had
been stolen from the center console.
No. 15AP-600                                                                              3


       {¶ 6} A few days later, Crowder spoke with Detective Thomas Clark on the
telephone, and he identified appellant as his assailant. When Crowder subsequently
spoke with Detective Clark at the police station, he was able to identify appellant's
photograph. Detective Clark then interviewed appellant who told him that he had run
into Crowder on Miller Avenue on the night in question and that they had gotten into a
physical altercation over some property that Crowder had previously stolen from
appellant. Appellant claimed that no one was with him when he fought with Crowder,
and he denied stealing any of Crowder's property.
       {¶ 7} On June 5, 2014, a Franklin County Grand Jury indicted appellant on one
count of robbery, in violation of R.C. 2911.02(A)(2), a felony of the second degree, and one
count of robbery, in violation of R.C. 2911.02(A)(3), a felony of the third degree. A jury
found appellant guilty of both counts in the indictment.        The trial court convicted
appellant of two counts of robbery and imposed a concurrent prison term of 6 years as to
Count 1 and 12 months as to Count 2.
II. ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
       {¶ 8} Appellant assigns the following as trial court error:
              [1.] THE VERDICT OF GUILTY IS NOT SUPPORTED BY
              LEGALLY SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE.

              [2.] THE CONVICTION OF APPELLANT IS AGAINST THE
              MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.

              [3.] THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT FAILED TO
              GRANT DEFENDANT'S MOTIONS FOR ACQUITTAL.

              [4.] IT IS PLAIN ERROR FOR THE TRIAL COURT TO FAIL
              TO DECLARE A MISTRIAL AFTER A JUROR COMPLAINS
              OF VIEWING THE COURTHOUSE ELECTRONIC
              DOCKETING BOARD AND SEEING DEFENDANT
              SCHEDULED FOR SENTENCING ON ANOTHER
              CRIMINAL CASE.
No. 15AP-600                                                                              4


III. LEGAL ANALYSIS
       A. First Assignment of Error
       {¶ 9} In his first assignment of error, appellant contends the evidence presented
by plaintiff-appellee, State of Ohio, was insufficient to sustain his robbery convictions.
We disagree.
       {¶ 10} Sufficiency of the evidence is a legal standard that tests whether the
evidence is legally adequate to support a verdict. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380,
386 (1997), superseded by constitutional amendment on other grounds as stated in State
v. Smith, 80 Ohio St.3d 89 (1997). Whether the evidence is legally sufficient to support a
verdict is a question of law, not fact. Id. In determining whether the evidence is legally
sufficient to support a conviction, " '[t]he relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the
evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have
found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt.' " State v.
Robinson, 124 Ohio St.3d 76, 2009-Ohio-5937, ¶ 34, quoting State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d
259 (1991), paragraph two of the syllabus. A verdict will not be disturbed unless, after
viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, it is apparent that
reasonable minds could not reach the conclusion reached by the trier of fact. State v.
Treesh, 90 Ohio St.3d 460, 484 (2001).
       {¶ 11} Pursuant to R.C. 2911.02, the offense of robbery is defined, in relevant part,
as follows:
               (A) No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense
               * * * shall do any of the following:

               ***

               (2) Inflict, attempt to inflict, or threaten to inflict physical
               harm on another;

               (3) Use or threaten the immediate use of force against
               another.

               (B) Whoever violates this section is guilty of robbery. A
               violation of division (A)(1) or (2) of this section is a felony of
               the second degree. A violation of division (A)(3) of this section
               is a felony of the third degree.
No. 15AP-600                                                                             5


       {¶ 12} Our review of the trial testimony reveals that Crowder's testimony alone, if
believed, is sufficient to support a conviction of robbery. Appellant argues, however, that
Crowder's trial testimony is so inconsistent with the stories he told Officer Seymour and
Detective Clark that his testimony is completely unworthy of belief.         For example,
Crowder reportedly told Officer Seymour that he gave appellant a ride just prior to the
assault, which differs from Crowder's trial testimony. Appellant also points to Officer
Seymour's testimony that Crowder did not identify appellant as his assailant in his initial
interview at the gas station, whereas Crowder testified that he did identify appellant at
that time. Officer Seymour also testified that Crowder told him that the woman in the
backseat started hitting him with an ice scraper, which was a detail Crowder did not
mention in his trial testimony. Appellant notes that Crowder testified he dropped one of
his friends off at his home but that Officer Seymour testified that Crowder told him he had
taken the friend to a bus stop on East Broad Street.
       {¶ 13} Finally, appellant argues that Crowder's testimony that he first drove one of
his friends to a location at James Road and Broad Street and then drove the second friend
to his home at Town Street and Washington Avenue "makes no sense." (Appellant's Brief,
1.) Given the location of the casino on the west side of the city, appellant argues that it
"was never explained" why appellant would first stop at James and Broad and then turn
back to the west toward Town and Washington before turning back again to the east
toward his home in Reynoldsburg. (Appellant's Brief, 7.)
       {¶ 14} In a sufficiency of the evidence inquiry, appellate courts do not assess
whether the prosecution's evidence is to be believed but whether, if believed, the evidence
supports the conviction. State v. Yarbrough, 95 Ohio St.3d 227, 2002-Ohio-2126, ¶ 79-
80 (evaluation of witness credibility not proper on review for sufficiency of evidence);
State v. Bankston, 10th Dist. No. 08AP-668, 2009-Ohio-754, ¶ 4 (noting that "in a
sufficiency of the evidence review, an appellate court does not engage in a determination
of witness credibility; rather, it essentially assumes the state's witnesses testified
truthfully and determines if that testimony satisfies each element of the crime").
Although appellant points to some legitimate inconsistencies between Crowder's pretrial
statements regarding the robbery and his trial testimony, the inconsistencies are not
material to the elements of the offense of robbery. Consequently, it was for the jury to
No. 15AP-600                                                                                   6


determine, in light of the inconsistencies, whether each of the elements of the offenses
was proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Contrary to appellant's claim, when Crowder's
testimony is viewed in the light most favorable to appellee, the relatively minor
inconsistencies in his accounts of the events leading up to the assault do not render his
trial testimony incredible, as a matter of law. Moreover, even if the inconsistencies
between Crowder's pretrial statements and his trial testimony are resolved in appellant's
favor, there is no version of Crowder's story that is consistent with appellant's innocence.
       {¶ 15} For similar reasons, appellant's argument that Crowder's account of the
route he took before meeting appellant "makes no sense" is one of weight and credibility,
rather than sufficiency. As a general rule, the reasonableness of witness testimony is an
issue of credibility, not sufficiency. Yarbrough at ¶ 79-80; Bankston at ¶ 4. See also State
v. Bevins, 1st Dist. No. C-050754, 2006-Ohio-6974, ¶ 39, citing 4 Ohio Jury Instructions,
Section 405.20 (2005); State v. Ferguson, 11th Dist. No. 2007-A-0059, 2008-Ohio-2392,
¶ 46, quoting 4 Ohio Jury Instructions, Section 405.20 (2005). Crowder's accounts of the
events that occurred prior to the robbery are immaterial to the elements of robbery.
Moreover, appellant admitted in his statement to Detective Clark that he had met
Crowder on Miller Avenue on the night in question and that the two had fought, but he
denied robbing Crowder. Thus, Crowder's unusual route of travel prior to the robbery has
no relevance to appellant's claim of innocence.
       {¶ 16} In the final analysis, we find that the alleged inconsistencies between
Crowder's pretrial accounts and his trial testimony are matters of weight and credibility,
rather than sufficiency. Accordingly, appellant's first assignment of error is overruled.
       B. Second Assignment of Error
       {¶ 17} In his second assignment of error, appellant contends his convictions are
against the manifest weight of the evidence. We disagree.
       {¶ 18} In determining whether a verdict is against the manifest weight of the
evidence, an appellate court acts as a "thirteenth juror." State v. Cardona, 10th Dist. No.
10AP-1052, 2011-Ohio-4105, ¶ 23, citing State v. Covington, 10th Dist. No. 02AP-245,
2002-Ohio-7037, ¶ 22; State v. Hairston, 10th Dist. No. 01AP-1393, 2002-Ohio-4491,
¶ 17. Under this standard of review, an appellate court weighs the evidence in order to
determine whether the trier of fact "clearly lost its way and created such a manifest
No. 15AP-600                                                                               7


miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered." Id.,
citing State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175 (1st Dist.1983). However, in engaging in
this weighing, an appellate court must bear in mind the factfinder's superior, first-hand
perspective in judging the demeanor and credibility of witnesses. State v. Phillips, 10th
Dist. No. 14AP-79, 2014-Ohio-5162, ¶ 125, citing State v. DeHass, 10 Ohio St.2d 230
(1967), paragraph one of the syllabus. The power to reverse on manifest-weight grounds
should only be used in exceptional circumstances when "the evidence weighs heavily
against the conviction." Thompkins at 387.
       {¶ 19} A defendant is not entitled to a reversal on manifest-weight grounds merely
because inconsistent evidence was offered at trial. State v. Campbell, 10th Dist. No.
07AP-1001, 2008-Ohio-4831. " '[W]hile the [factfinder] may take note of the
inconsistencies and resolve or discount them accordingly, * * * such inconsistencies do
not render defendant's conviction against the manifest weight or sufficiency of the
evidence.' " State v. Samatar, 152 Ohio App.3d 311, 2003-Ohio-1639, ¶ 113 (10th Dist.),
quoting State v. Craig, 10th Dist. No. 99AP-739 (Mar. 23, 2000).
       {¶ 20} As noted above, the inconsistencies between Crowder's accounts of the
robbery do not involve the elements of the offenses, nor does Crowder's testimony
regarding his circuitous route of travel prior to the encounter with appellant. Without
exception, the inconsistencies in his pretrial accounts and his trial testimony involve
relatively minor details, not the elements of the offenses. Therefore, it was the prerogative
of the jury to take note of the inconsistencies and resolve or discount them accordingly.
Id.; Craig. See also State v. Butler, 10th Dist. No. 13AP-360, 2013-Ohio-5397
(inconsistencies between the rape victim's statements to investigators and her trial
testimony, such as her ability to describe the length of the knife used by the appellant and
whether she agreed to go to the appellant's house to smoke marijuana before the rape, are
but minor details in the series of events which could resolve in determining the victim's
credibility); State v. Brown, 9th Dist. No. 18591 (Aug. 19, 1998) (inconsistencies in such
"minor details" as each victim's specific location within the apartment at the time of the
shooting, what the victims were doing just prior to the shooting, how many men
accompanied the defendant to the apartment, and when, if ever, they entered the
apartment do not pertain to the elements of the offenses of aggravated robbery and
No. 15AP-600                                                                                          8


felonious assault; they are matters of weight and credibility for the jury to decide).
Moreover, during Officer Seymour's direct examination, he testified as follows:
                Q Would it surprise you if there were things that Mr.Crowder
                testified to and stated that are not included in your report?

                A No, sir, it would not.

                Q Why not?

                A Well, given the situation, the lateness of the hour for both
                him and myself and the traumatic experience that he had just
                went through, I would expect for myself to have potentially
                have forgotten to put something in the report or he might
                have forgotten to tell me the specific detail.1

(Tr. Vol. I, 86.)
        {¶ 21} When the prosecutor asked Officer Seymour, during re-direct, about
possible inconsistencies between Crowder's trial testimony and the details he recorded in
his report, the following exchange took place:
                Q So things that are in your report, as you stated, would not
                surprise you if Mr. Crowder testified differently to some of
                those items?

                A Correct, it would not surprise me.

                Q Because it was late for him and it was late for you, right?

                A Yes, sir.

                Q So if some of these minor inconsistencies could have gotten
                mixed up?

                A Absolutely.

(Tr. Vol. I, 96-97.)
        {¶ 22} Our review of the evidence reveals that the material facts related by
Crowder prior to trial are consistent with his trial testimony. For example, Crowder
identified appellant as his assailant in the 911 recording that was played to the jury. In

1Officer Seymour worked third shift, meaning he was on duty from 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. on the night of
the incident.
No. 15AP-600                                                                                               9


Crowder's telephone interview with Detective Clark, he stated that appellant was the man
who assaulted and robbed him. Additionally, in his subsequent interview at police
headquarters, Crowder was able to identify appellant's photograph, and he related the
similar story to Detective Clark that he related in his trial testimony. Although Detective
Clark testified that the story Crowder gave in the interview was "different" than the story
he related in the phone call, he maintained that there were "no glaring changes" to
Crowder's story and that "[i]t was consistent to what he had told me on the phone." (Tr.
Vol. II, 109.) Moreover, appellant partially corroborates Crowder's trial testimony in his
statement to Detective Clark. Appellant admitted to Detective Clark that he saw Crowder
on Miller Avenue on the night in question and that the two got into a fight, though
appellant denied robbing Crowder.
        {¶ 23} In the final analysis, it was for the jury to determine whether Crowder's
testimony was believable in spite of the inconsistencies between his pretrial accounts of
the robbery and his trial testimony. Appellant's counsel was able to raise several of the
inconsistencies in appellant's accounts of the incident in his cross-examination of
appellant, Officer Seymour, and Detective Clark. The trial court also admitted Officer
Seymour's written report of the incident into evidence over the prosecutor's objection.
Consequently, appellant's counsel made sure that the jury was aware of the
inconsistencies between Crowder's pretrial statement to Officer Seymour and his trial
testimony, and the jury had the opportunity to consider those inconsistencies in
determining the credibility and weight of Crowder's testimony. On this record, we cannot
say that the jury lost its way in resolving the conflicts in the evidence and in finding
appellant guilty of robbery. Accordingly, appellant's second assignment of error is
overruled.
        C. Third Assignment of Error
        {¶ 24} In his third assignment of error, appellant contends that the trial court
erred when it denied his motion for acquittal.2 We disagree.

2 In overruling the motion for acquittal, the trial court stated: "We've had testimony of Mr. Crowder in this
case. Although he has some credibility issues perhaps that could be exploited by the defense, it's still a
matter where I don't see that I can say that no rational person could possibly find him credible; and,
therefore, since he's testified to every element of the criminal offense of robbery, I have to overrule the
motion." (Tr. Vol. II, 132.)
No. 15AP-600                                                                               10


       {¶ 25} Pursuant to Crim.R. 29(A), on motion of a defendant or on its own motion,
after the evidence on either side is closed, the trial court "shall order the entry of a
judgment of acquittal of one or more offenses charged in the indictment * * * if the
evidence is insufficient to sustain a conviction." "Thus, a Crim.R. 29(A) motion for
acquittal tests the sufficiency of the evidence." State v. Morock, 10th Dist. No. 14AP-559,
2015-Ohio-3152, ¶ 17, citing State v. Reddy, 10th Dist. No. 09AP-868, 2010-Ohio-3892,
¶ 12, citing State v. Knipp, 4th Dist. No. 06CA641, 2006-Ohio-4704, ¶ 11.
       {¶ 26} In overruling appellant's first assignment of error, we determined that
viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, a rational trier of fact
could have found the essential elements of robbery had been proven beyond a reasonable
doubt. For the same reason, we overrule appellant's third assignment of error.
       D. Fourth Assignment of Error
       {¶ 27} In his fourth assignment of error, appellant maintains that the trial court
committed plain error when it failed to declare a mistrial when one of the jurors learned
that appellant was "scheduled for sentencing for another crime." (Tr. Vol. I, 4.) The juror
in question, juror number 5, read appellant's name on an electronic docketing display
located outside the courtroom.
       {¶ 28} "The Ohio Supreme Court has declared that '[a] mistrial should not be
ordered in a cause simply because some error has intervened.                The error must
prejudicially affect the merits of the case and the substantial rights of one or both of the
parties.' " State v. Griffin, 10th Dist. No. 10AP-902, 2011-Ohio-4250, ¶ 12, quoting
Tingue v. State, 90 Ohio St. 368 (1914), syllabus. "Moreover, '[m]istrials need be declared
only when the ends of justice so require and a fair trial is no longer possible.' " Id.,
quoting State v. Franklin, 62 Ohio St.3d 118, 127 (1991). " 'A trial court may grant a
mistrial sua sponte when there is manifest necessity for the mistrial or when the ends of
public justice would otherwise be defeated.' " Id., quoting State v. Johnson, 10th Dist. No.
08AP-652, 2009-Ohio-3383, ¶ 30, citing Cleveland v. Walters, 98 Ohio App.3d 165, 168
(8th Dist.1994).
       {¶ 29} As a general rule, "[t]he decision whether or not to grant a mistrial rests in a
trial court's sound discretion." State v. Jones, 10th Dist. No. 12AP-1091, 2014-Ohio-674,
¶ 10, citing State v. Glover, 35 Ohio St.3d 18 (1988). "[T]he failure to grant a mistrial sua
No. 15AP-600                                                                              11


sponte is reviewed under the plain-error standard." Griffin at ¶ 13, citing Johnson at ¶ 30.
"Plain error exists when there is an error that is plain or obvious and affects a substantial
right." Id., citing Johnson at ¶ 19.
       {¶ 30} Appellee argues that, even if the trial court had erred in failing to declare a
mistrial, appellant invited or induced the error when he chose not to seek a mistrial after
the trial court provided appellant with the opportunity to do so. "Invited error prohibits a
party from 'tak[ing] advantage of an error which he himself invited or induced the trial
court to make.' " Jones at ¶ 22, quoting Lester v. Leuck, 142 Ohio St. 91 (1943), paragraph
one of the syllabus. The Supreme Court of Ohio "has found invited error when a party has
asked the court to take some action later claimed to be erroneous, or affirmatively
consented to a procedure the trial judge proposed." State v. Campbell, 90 Ohio St.3d
320, 324 (2000), citing Hal Artz Lincoln-Mercury, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co., 28 Ohio St.3d
20, 28 (1986), fn. 16; see also State ex rel. Lowery v. Cleveland, 67 Ohio St.3d 126, 128
(1993). " '[A] litigant cannot be permitted, either intentionally or unintententionally to
induce or mislead a court into the commission of an error and then procure a reversal of
the judgment for an error for which he was actively responsible.' " State v. Chambers,
10th Dist. No. 99AP-1308 (July 13, 2000), quoting Lester at 93.
       {¶ 31} Our review of the transcript of proceedings reveals that the juror in question
brought the issue to the attention of the trial court before opening statements. When the
trial court inquired of appellant how he wished to proceed, the following exchange
occurred:
              [DEFENDANT'S COUNSEL]: Your Honor, I guess my take
              on it would be that we bring out the one juror who sent out
              the note, we inquire of him, as [the prosecutor] said, whether
              there have been any discussion with other jurors, or whether
              he noticed any other jurors noticing it, and things like that,
              talk to him, as the court said, about, you know, there are old
              cases that have nothing to do with this, and assure that the
              juror would not hold it against my client, and then see how
              deep this problem goes.

              THE COURT: Okay. Is that what you–I mean, I know you've
              had a chance to talk about this with your attorney, Mr. Ealy.
              Is that okay with you to do it that way?
No. 15AP-600                                                                              12


                THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

                THE COURT: You're comfortable with that?

                THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

                ***

                [DEFENDANT'S COUNSEL]: Your Honor, without disclosing
                anything that's privileged, [appellant] was actually a little
                more comfortable with taking this route than I was when we
                were discussing it back there about talking to the juror and
                seeing how deep this goes and stuff. I do believe he knows
                what he's talking about. He knows what he's doing.

(Tr. Vol. I, 8-9, 11.)
        {¶ 32} When the juror appeared before the court and the parties, the trial court
explained to the juror that the information he viewed related to a probation revocation
hearing and that "[t]he fact that somebody has a prior contact with the judicial system
* * * has nothing to do with this case." (Tr. Vol. I, 12.)
        {¶ 33} The trial court then asked the juror if the information would impact his
ability to judge the case "on the evidence and the law in this case and this case only." (Tr.
Vol. I, 13.) The juror responded as follows:
                JUROR NO. 5: I don't think it'll impact my ability to be fair.
                It just seems–

                THE COURT: Wrong.

                JUROR NO. 5: Wrong, it's unfair for the defendant.

(Tr. Vol. I, 13.)
        {¶ 34} When the trial court asked the juror whether he had spoken to anyone about
the information and whether any of the other jurors had seen the information, he
answered that "[i]f someone has noticed it already, I didn't want to bring it to their
attention. I haven't talked to anyone else about that." (Tr. Vol. I, 14.) The juror also
stated that he had not heard any of the other jurors discussing the matter. When the
prosecutor asked the juror whether he could remain impartial, the juror stated:
No. 15AP-600                                                                           13


               JUROR NO. 5: I'd like to think so, yes. It's difficult to–I'll be
               honest. It's difficult to remove the inherent unfairness from
               what he's going to have to go through, that I understand
               during the course of the trial something may come up that I
               don't know already, that I would have to put aside. I'm
               assuming this would be the same situation. It just seems so
               blatantly unfair. I didn't know if that was normal procedure
               for that to be coming up, and the way it's set up there is no
               way for me to ask anyone–

               [PLAINTIFF'S COUNSEL]: Right.

               JUROR NO. 5: – without this.

               [PLAINTIFF'S COUNSEL]: So your answer is you really don't
               know.

               JUROR NO. 5: I really don't. I would like to say, yes, it
               doesn't affect. It's also very unfair for the defendant to have
               that happen.

(Tr. Vol. I, 15-16.)
       {¶ 35} The trial court then gave appellant's counsel an opportunity to question the
juror. The parties also discussed the possibility that an additional curative instruction
might be given. The following exchange then took place:
               [DEFENDANT'S COUNSEL]: Your Honor, after consultation
               with my client, we feel that we can go forward, and we feel
               that perhaps as part of the overall jury instructions, that the
               court gives, you know, when you do the normal instruction,
               that the court would instruct them, you know, or at least
               emphasize the instruction about this is about this case, this is
               about the evidence that you heard in this case in this
               courtroom, and nothing else, and not even draw attention to
               the board. It's not going to be up tomorrow. So whatever
               damage is done is done, and my client would like to go
               forward.

               THE COURT: Mr. [Ealy].

               THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

               THE COURT: I'm going to tell you right here and right now, if
               you say you want a mistrial, we'll pick a new jury. We'll get
               that off the board and I'm going to grant you a mistrial and
No. 15AP-600                                                                                                14


                 we'll start again. But if you are comfortable with what [your
                 counsel] has suggested and that he feels you are comfortable
                 with going forward, I'll do it.

                 THE DEFENDANT: I'm comfortable, sir.

                 ***

                 THE COURT: Yeah, what I want to know is are you willing to
                 go forward as counsel has discussed with you and we'll just–

                 THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir. I'm confident in [my counsel]
                 and with the case.

                 THE COURT: That's what we'll do. That's what we'll do. So
                 let's call the jury in. We'll just proceed. No instructions at this
                 point, we'll just proceed and there we go.

                 [DEFENDANT'S COUNSEL]: Very good, Your Honor.

(Emphasis added.) (Tr. Vol. I, 20-21.)3
        {¶ 36} The trial transcript shows that appellant and his trial counsel affirmatively
consented to the procedure the trial court used to determine whether, or to what extent,
appellant had been prejudiced by the information seen by the juror. It is also evident that
appellant and his trial counsel fully participated in the chosen procedure by inquiring of
the juror and joining in discussions regarding the extent of the prejudice to appellant and
potential curative measures. Although the juror equivocated when asked by the
prosecutor whether he could perform his duties impartially, appellant and his trial
counsel agreed to proceed notwithstanding the equivocation and without the need for a
special curative instruction. Appellant unequivocally agreed to go forward with the trial
even though the trial court personally informed him that a mistrial would be declared if
appellant so desired. Thus, the record demonstrates that appellant invited or induced the
error by affirmatively consenting to the procedure the trial judge proposed and by


3 As part of the instructions given to the jury at the close of the case, the trial court stated: "It would be
fundamentally unfair to both sides of the case, if the jury considered information that was not presented in
the courtroom. That's why I instructed you not to use the Internet or social media in an attempt to learn
about the case or the parties. Only the evidence that was presented here in the courtroom may be considered
in your deliberations. Anything other than the evidence presented here in the courtroom must be set aside
and not be considered by you in any way in your deliberations or in reaching your verdict." (Tr. Vol. II, 188.)
No. 15AP-600                                                                         15


subsequently expressing his desire to go forward with the trial after being offered the
option of a mistrial. Pursuant to the invited-error doctrine, appellant may not take
advantage of an alleged error that he induced or invited the trial court to make, even a
claim of plain error. See State v. Jennings, 10th Dist. No. 09AP-70, 2009-Ohio-6840,
¶ 75, citing State v. Bogovich, 10th Dist. No. 07AP-774, 2008-Ohio-3100, ¶ 10.
      {¶ 37} For the foregoing reasons, appellant's fourth assignment of error is
overruled.
IV. CONCLUSION
      {¶ 38} Having overruled each of appellant's assignments of error, we affirm the
judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas.
                                                                     Judgment affirmed.

                            TYACK and BROWN, JJ., concur.
                                _________________
