                            STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

                          SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

                                                                            FILED
In re: X.D.                                                            September 5, 2017
                                                                           RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
No. 17-0376 (Randolph County 16-JA-089)                                  SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                             OF WEST VIRGINIA



                              MEMORANDUM DECISION
        Petitioner Mother Y.D., by counsel David C. Fuellhart III, appeals the Circuit Court of
Randolph County’s March 16, 2017, order terminating her parental rights to X.D.1 The West
Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel Lee Niezgoda,
filed a response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem (“guardian”), G.
Phillip Davis, filed a response on behalf of the child in support of the circuit court’s order. On
appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred by terminating her postadjudicatory
improvement period, denying her request for a postdispositional improvement period, and
terminating her parental rights.

        This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

        In September of 2016, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition against petitioner
alleging that the child’s biological father is a registered sex offender who had his rights to two
other children involuntarily terminated. The DHHR attempted to provide petitioner with services
designed to assist her in protecting the child. According to the petition, petitioner acknowledged
the father’s history of child sexual abuse but stated that she did not believe that he committed
any such crimes. The petition also alleged that petitioner stated that she would not end her
relationship with the father even if it meant that the child might be removed. The petition further
alleged that petitioner knowingly exposed the child to harm by continuing her relationship with
the father. Also in September of 2016, petitioner waived her right to a preliminary hearing. The
child was removed from petitioner’s home but she was granted supervised visitation with the
child.


       1
         Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W.Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W.Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013);
State v. Brandon B., 218 W.Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183
W.Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990).


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        In October of 2016, the circuit court held an adjudicatory hearing during which petitioner
stipulated to the allegations contained in the petition, specifically that she exposed the child to a
threat of harm by continuing her relationship with the father. The circuit court also granted
petitioner a postadjudicatory improvement period. The circuit court ordered that petitioner
submit to random drug screening, parenting education classes, and to have no contact with the
father.

         In November of 2016, the circuit court held a status hearing to review petitioner’s
improvement period. The DHHR expressed concerns regarding petitioner’s lack of participation
in visits with the child and services and her continued contact with the father. The DHHR did not
object to the continuation of petitioner’s improvement period and the circuit court continued the
same. In January of 2017, the circuit court held a second status hearing on petitioner’s
improvement period. At the hearing, two service providers and a DHHR caseworker testified that
petitioner (1) did not substantially comply with visitation and parenting services; (2) did not
complete all of the court-ordered parenting education classes; and (3) was in contact with the
father on multiple occasions. Based on the evidence presented, the circuit court found that
petitioner did not comply with the terms of her improvement period, terminated her improvement
period, and scheduled the case for disposition.

        In March of 2017, the circuit court held a dispositional hearing wherein petitioner moved
the circuit court for a postdispositional improvement period. However, petitioner refused to
testify on her own behalf. The circuit court found that, based on the evidence previously
presented and petitioner’s silence, she does not “appreciate the danger [the father] represents to
her child [nor does] she intend[] [to] stay away from him for the protection to her child.” The
circuit court also found that there was no reasonable likelihood that petitioner could substantially
correct the conditions of abuse and neglect in the near future. Ultimately, the circuit court
terminated petitioner’s parental rights by order dated March 16, 2017. It is from this order that
petitioner now appeals.


       The Court has previously established the following standard of review:

               “Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
       novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
       facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
       evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether
       such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a
       reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when,
       although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire
       evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been
       committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply
       because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if
       the circuit court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record
       viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223,
       470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).



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Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011). Upon our review, the Court finds
no error in the proceedings below.

        On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in terminating her
postadjudicatory improvement period. Petitioner contends that she substantially complied with
the terms of her improvement period and the continuation of her improvement period was in the
child’s best interests. We disagree. With regard to the termination of improvement periods, West
Virginia Code § 49-4-610 provides that a circuit court has discretion to grant, extend, or
terminate an improvement period. Further, West Virginia Code § 49-4-610(7) requires the
termination of an improvement period “when the court finds that [a parent] has failed to fully
participate in the terms of the improvement period.” Additionally, we have long held that “[i]t is
within the court’s discretion . . . to terminate the improvement period . . . if the court is not
satisfied that the [parent] is making the necessary progress.” Syl. Pt. 2, In re Lacey P., 189
W.Va. 580, 433 S.E.2d 518 (1993).

        In this case, contrary to her claims on appeal, petitioner clearly failed to make the
necessary progress in her improvement period. As previously stated, petitioner did not complete
all of her court-ordered parenting education classes and remained in frequent contact with the
father, a registered sex offender despite the circuit court’s no contact order. According to the
record, there was no evidence that petitioner appreciated the danger that the father represented to
the child or that she intended to end her relationship with a registered sex offender for the
protection of the child. As such, we find no error in the circuit court’s decision to terminate
petitioner’s improvement period based on unsatisfactory progress.

         Petitioner also argues that the circuit court erred in denying her request for a
postdispositional improvement period. In support of her argument, petitioner again contends that
she substantially complied with the terms of her postadjudicatory improvement period. Upon our
review, we find that petitioner failed to satisfy the applicable burden to obtain an improvement
period. We have also held that a parent’s “entitlement to an improvement period is conditioned
upon the ability of the [parent] to demonstrate ‘by clear and convincing evidence, that the
respondent is likely to fully participate in the improvement period . . . .’” In re: Charity H., 215
W.Va. 208, 215, 599 S.E.2d 631, 638 (2004). Furthermore, we have oft noted that the decision to
grant or deny an improvement period rests in the sound discretion of the circuit court. See In re:
M.M., 236 W.Va. 108, 115, 778 S.E.2d 338, 345 (2015) (stating that “West Virginia law allows
the circuit court discretion in deciding whether to grant a parent an improvement period”); Syl.
Pt. 6, in part, In re Katie S., 198 W.Va. 79, 479 S.E.2d 589 (1996) (holding that “[i]t is within the
court’s discretion to grant an improvement period within the applicable statutory requirements”).

        Here, it is clear from the record that petitioner failed to demonstrate her ability to fully
participate in an improvement period. The circuit court was presented with evidence that
petitioner failed to comply with the terms of her postadjudicatory improvement period and
continued her relationship with the father, despite admitting that she exposed the child to a threat
of harm by continuing her relationship with him.

       Failure to acknowledge the existence of the problem, i.e., the truth of the basic
       allegation pertaining to the alleged abuse and neglect or the perpetrator of said

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       abuse and neglect, results in making the problem untreatable and in making an
       improvement period an exercise in futility at the child’s expense.

In re Timber M., 231 W.Va. 44, 55, 743 S.E.2d 352, 363 (2013) (quoting Charity H., 215 W.Va.
at 217, 599 S.E.2d at 640). It is clear that petitioner failed to demonstrate that, since her initial
improvement period, she has experienced a substantial change in circumstances or, due to that
change in circumstances, that she is likely to fully participate in a postdispositional improvement
period. As such, the circuit court did not err in denying petitioner’s motion. Accordingly, we find
no error below.

        Finally, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in terminating her parental rights to
the child because there were alternate dispositions available and that were more appropriate. We
disagree. West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(b)(6) directs circuit courts to terminate parental rights
upon findings that there is “no reasonable likelihood that the conditions of neglect or abuse can
be substantially corrected in the near future” and that termination is necessary for the children’s
welfare. West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(c)(3) provides that “no reasonable likelihood that
conditions of abuse or neglect can be substantially corrected” exists when “[t]he abusing parent .
. . ha[s] not responded to or followed through with a reasonable family case plan or other
rehabilitative efforts[.]”

        In this case, petitioner failed to comply with the terms of her improvement period. She
failed to complete parent education classes and continued to maintain a relationship with the
father. Given petitioner’s lack of improvement during these proceedings, we find no error in the
circuit court’s termination order. The circuit court properly found that petitioner was not
reasonably likely to substantially correct the conditions of abuse and neglect in the near future,
and it is clear from the record that the child’s welfare necessitated the termination of petitioner’s
parental rights.

      For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court, and its
March 16, 2017, order is hereby affirmed.


                                                                                          Affirmed.

ISSUED: September 5, 2017


CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Allen H. Loughry II
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker



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