                                NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.




                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-5905-17T4

KIRK B. SPARKS,

          Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

STATE OF NEW JERSEY,

     Defendant-Respondent.
_____________________________

                    Submitted October 3, 2019 – Decided October 24, 2019

                    Before Judges Koblitz and Whipple.

                    On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                    Division, Atlantic County, Docket No. L-1313-18.

                    Jacobs & Barbone, PA, attorneys for appellant (Louis
                    Michael Barbone, on the brief).

                    Gurbir S. Grewal, Attorney General, attorney for
                    respondent (Melissa H. Raksa, Assistant Attorney
                    General, of counsel; Jessica A. Jannetti, Deputy
                    Attorney General, on the brief).

PER CURIAM
      Plaintiff Kirk B. Sparks appeals from a July 13, 2018 order denying his

motion to file a late notice of tort claim under the New Jersey Tort Claims Act,

N.J.S.A. 59:1-1 to 59:12-3. We affirm.

      Plaintiff was a police officer in Atlantic City from 1994 until July 2015,

when he applied for accidental disability benefits with the Police and Fire

Retirement System. Plaintiff was found eligible for benefits for post-traumatic

stress disorder (PTSD), which he developed after his direct involvement in a

March 27, 2014, high speed pursuit where gunfire was exchanged and the

suspect was killed.

      However, on November 20, 2015, plaintiff began working at Ramcor

Services Group, Inc. (Ramcor), where he role-played in training-exercise

scenarios for Transportation Security Administration employees and United

States Air Marshals, which involved real-sounding and real-looking firearms.

As a result of taking on such employment, plaintiff was indicted for second-

degree theft by deception on December 7, 2016. The State's charges rested on

the allegation plaintiff did not disclose his employment with Ramcor, where he

was around simulated gunfire, while receiving disability benefits for PTSD

related to gunfire. Defendant retained an attorney to represent him in the

criminal matter, and the indictment was dismissed on July 6, 2017, because the


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                                       2
trial court found insufficient evidence to establish the elements of the charge.

However, as a result of the indictment, plaintiff's accidental disability benefits

had been revoked, leading plaintiff to again retain an attorney, this time to secure

restoration of his benefits. Plaintiff asserted he did not return to a normal level

of functioning until March 2018.

      It was only then that plaintiff spoke with a lawyer about filing a civil suit

for malicious prosecution. In May 2018, plaintiff moved for leave to file a late

notice of tort claim under N.J.S.A. 59:8-9. In support of his motion, and to

establish extraordinary circumstances sufficient to permit the filing of a late

claim, plaintiff presented the court with his affidavit detailing why he did not

file a timely notice of tort claim. Plaintiff certified he had been "consumed

either by defending [himself] before the [c]riminal court and the [p]ension

[b]oard while at the same time barely functioning because of the anxiety[,]

stress[,] and depression." On July 13, 2018, the trial court denied plaintiff's

motion, finding plaintiff did not establish extraordinary circumstances sufficient

to overcome the ninety-day time bar of N.J.S.A. 59:8-8. This appeal followed.

      On appeal, plaintiff argues the trial court erred in denying his motion to

file a late notice of tort claim because his psychological condition established

extraordinary circumstances. We disagree.


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                                         3
      Where an aggrieved party is attempting to recover for the tortious acts of

public entities, N.J.S.A. 59:8-8 requires the claimant to file a notice of claim

with the public entity "not later than the [ninetieth] day after accrual of the cause

of action." However, recognizing the harshness of N.J.S.A. 59:8-8's ninety-day

deadline, the Legislature created a mechanism through which a claimant could

obtain judicial approval to file a late notice of claim under certain circumstances.

O'Donnell v. N.J. Tpk. Auth., 236 N.J. 335, 345-46 (2019). Under N.J.S.A.

59:8-9, a claimant may be permitted to file the late notice of claim on a showing

of extraordinary circumstances, as long as the application is filed within one

year of the accrual of the claim and the public entity has not been substantia lly

prejudiced by the delay. Id. at 346.

      The decision to grant a plaintiff permission to file a late notice of claim

"'is a matter left to the sound discretion of the trial court.'" R.L. v. State-

Operated Sch. Dist., 387 N.J. Super. 331, 340 (App. Div. 2006) (quoting

Ohlweiler v. Twp. of Chatham, 290 N.J. Super. 399, 403 (App. Div. 1996),

overruled on other grounds by Beauchamp v. Amedio, 164 N.J. 111, 120

(2000)). Nevertheless, this "discretion is limited" because the late claimant must

show "'sufficient reasons constituting extraordinary circumstances' for the delay

and [that] there is no 'substantial[] prejudice[]' to the public entity or employee."


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                                         4
Ibid. (quoting Ohlweiler, 290 N.J. Super. at 403). Findings about "the lack of

'substantial prejudice' and the presence of 'extraordinary circumstances' . . . must

be expressly made in order to comply with the legislative mandate and to justify

the entry of an order permitting the filing of a late notice of claim under N.J.S.A.

59:8-9." Allen v. Krause, 306 N.J. Super. 448, 455-56 (App. Div. 1997).

      Here, the trial judge rejected plaintiff's claim that the extraordinary

circumstances of his psychological impairments rendered him so severely

debilitated that he could not obtain counsel in other legal matters. Moreover,

the judge concluded plaintiff presented no other evidence that his psychological

condition, alone or with other factors, constituted extraordinary circumstances.

      Based on our review of the record, we discern no abuse of the trial judge's

discretion in finding that plaintiff has not shown his psychological condition was so

"severe, debilitating, or uncommon" to prevent him from contacting an attorney and

pursuing a claim. D.D. v. Univ. of Med. and Dentistry of New Jersey, 213 N.J. 130,

150 (2013). To the contrary, plaintiff twice conferred with counsel in other matters.

Further, plaintiff was not bedridden, confined to a hospital, or under a mental

impairment that prevented him from filing a timely notice of tort claim. Although

we do not doubt plaintiff suffered the stress and anxiety he described, his

circumstances do not meet the required high threshold of "extraordinary


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                                         5
circumstances" under N.J.S.A. 59:8-9. His conduct in the ninety days following the

dismissal of the indictment confirms he could have visited an attorney's office, or

contacted an attorney from his home.

      We have carefully reviewed the record regarding all remaining arguments

and have determined they are without sufficient merit to warrant discussion in a

written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).

      Affirmed.




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