          IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA


Thomas W. Olick,                         :
                   Appellant             :
                                         :
             v.                          :
                                         :   No. 108 C.D. 2019
City of Easton Police Department         :   Submitted: August 2, 2019



BEFORE:      HONORABLE RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, Judge
             HONORABLE P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge
             HONORABLE CHRISTINE FIZZANO CANNON, Judge


OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE FIZZANO CANNON                      FILED: October 31, 2019


             Thomas W. Olick (Olick) appeals pro se from the order of the Court of
Common Pleas of Northampton County (trial court) dated August 27, 2018 denying
his motion for sanctions against the City of Easton Police Department (Police). In
denying sanctions, the trial court rejected Olick’s claim that the Police did not
comply with an earlier trial court order requiring the Police to produce documents
Olick requested in discovery. Because we conclude that the trial court’s August 27,
2018 order is interlocutory, we quash this appeal.
             Olick commenced this matter on January 17, 2017 by filing a
“Complaint/Enforcement of a Final Determination” (Complaint) with the trial court.
In his Complaint, Olick alleged that the Police failed to disclose records as ordered
by the Office of Open Records (OOR) in response to two requests he made on
August 13 and 14, 2015 pursuant to the Right-to-Know Law (RTKL), Act of
February 14, 2008, P.L. 6, 65 P.S. §§ 67.101-67.3104. Complaint ¶¶ 3-6. Olick
alleged that the OOR gave the Police 30 days to appeal its final determination and
that the Police did not appeal it, and therefore, the Police waived any objections to
it. Id. ¶¶ 7-9. Olick further alleged that the Police failed to produce documents he
requested in response to a subpoena issued in a case pending before a magisterial
district judge, which “sought the same records noted in the [RTKL] [r]equests.” Id.
¶ 18.
                 Because the Police failed to comply with the OOR’s final determination
and the subpoena, Olick alleged that the Police acted in “bad faith” and that he, as
the plaintiff, “is entitled” to receive the RTKL statutory penalties.1 Complaint ¶ 26.
Olick sought an order from the trial court directing the Police to (1) produce “in
entirety” all records sought; (2) an award of damages in the amount of $1,500 plus
$500 per day beginning on August 13, 2015 [the day of Olick’s first record request]
and continuing until payment is fully received in full for each of the RTKL requests;
and (3) for the court to grant “any other relief” it deems to be “just and proper.” Id.
                 After the pleadings closed, on March 11, 2017, Olick served his “First
Set of Discovery Request [sic]” on the Police seeking documents relating to the
incident reports referenced in the RTKL requests and documents relating to the


        1
            Section 1305 of the RTKL provides for civil penalties as follows:

                 (a) Denial of access. – A court may impose a civil penalty of not
                 more than $1,500 if an agency denied access to a public record in
                 bad faith.
                 (b) Failure to comply with court order. – An agency or public official
                 who does not promptly comply with a court order under this act is
                 subject to a civil penalty of not more than $500 per day until the
                 public records are provided.

65 P.S. § 67.1305.

                                                   2
subpoena issued by a magisterial district judge. See Plaintiff Thomas W. Olick’s
First Set of Discovery Request. The Police responded that: it previously produced
the requested documents; it did not produce documents relating to a particular
incident because they are not relevant to Olick; and it represented that it is not aware
of a “subpoena issued” by the magisterial district judge. See Defendant, City of
Easton Police Department’s Objections and Responses to Plaintiff’s Request for
Production of Documents. On July 10, 2018, Olick filed a motion to compel
discovery with the trial court alleging that the Police failed to respond to his
discovery request. The trial court issued an order, dated June 18, 2018, granting
Olick’s motion and ordered the Police to “produce the requested discovery materials
within 10 days of the date of this Order.” Trial Court Order dated 6/18/18. The trial
court explained that:


             Discovery is to be liberally allowed with respect to any
             matter, not privileged, that is relevant to the cause of
             action at issue. Here, [the Police’s] only objection to
             providing the requested discovery is that it believes such
             documents have already been furnished to [Olick].
             [Olick], for his part, contends that the documents he has
             received in the past are not fully responsive to his present
             request. [The Police have] made no further objections to
             the request, and, based upon the record before the Court,
             we believe that it is appropriate to grant [Olick’s] motion
             at this time.

Id. By letter dated June 27, 2018, the Police stated it was “reproducing the discovery
documents” that Olick requested. Supplemental Reproduced Record at 106B.
             On July 10, 2018, Olick filed a motion for sanctions alleging that the
Police failed to timely comply with the trial court’s June 18, 2018 order which
required production by June 28, 2018. Motion for Sanctions, p. 2. In his motion,
                                           3
Olick asked the trial court to impose the “sanctions” provided by Section 1305 of
the RTKL, including a fine of $1,500 per each of the files requested, that is $6,000,
plus $500 a day beginning June 28, 2018 and “continuing thereafter” until all the
documents are produced and received by Olick. Id. After a hearing on the matter,
by order dated August 27, 2018, the trial court denied Olick’s request for sanctions.
Trial Court Order dated 8/27/18.
             To support its order, the trial court made two findings relating to Olick’s
request for discovery. First, the trial court found that Olick’s reference to a subpoena
was “merely a subpoena issued upon” an individual employed by the Police who
was directed to appear before the magisterial district judge for a summary trial in the
matter of “Commonwealth v. Thomas W. Olick, docket number MJ-03205-NT-
0000294-2015.” Id. at 3. The trial court explained that the document being “a mere
subpoena” could “never be the subject of an order to compel discovery, when it only
directed the subpoenaed party . . . to bring to said hearing and produce to the court”
certain documents. Id. at 4 (emphasis in original).
             Second, the trial court found credible the Police’s representations, made
through counsel, that the requested documents had already been produced to Olick.
Trial Court Opinion dated 8/27/18 at 6. Though Olick asserted that the Police did
not produce certain documents, the trial court found that Olick never requested the
“allegedly missing documents.” Id. After rendering its findings, the trial court
reasoned that:

             In the absence of evidence of non-compliance with the
             [June 18, 2018 order], sanctions are not appropriate.
             Moreover, [the Police’s] conduct clearly has not acted in
             bad faith related to [Olick’s] requests, as [the Police]
             expressed a willingness to produce yet another set of the


                                           4
               requested documents in short order following the hearing
               on the motion for sanctions if required to do so.

Trial Court Opinion dated 8/27/18 at 7.
               On September 5, 2018, Olick appealed the trial court’s order to this
Court. On the same day, Olick filed a motion for reconsideration with the trial court,
which the trial court denied. Trial Court Order dated 9/19/18. The trial court further
concluded that on the issue of discovery sanctions, Olick did not meet his burden as
he failed to produce evidence of bad faith or a willful violation of the trial court’s
June 18, 2018 order by the Police. Id.
               Olick contends that this Court has jurisdiction to entertain his appeal
because the trial court’s August 27, 2018 order is a collateral order. The Police argue
that the trial court’s August 27, 2018 order is not a final order, but instead an
interlocutory order, because it does not end the litigation and does not put the parties
out of court. Police’s Brief at 19 & 21; Pa.R.A.P. 341(a) (explaining that a final
order is “any order that . . . disposes of all claims and of all parties” or “is entered as
a final order”).
               As a general rule, litigants may only appeal final orders.2
Commonwealth v. Flor, 136 A.3d 150, 154-55 (Pa. 2016). But Pennsylvania Rule
of Appellate Procedure 313(a) provides that “an appeal may be taken as of right from
a collateral order of an administrative agency or lower court.” Pa.R.A.P. 313(a). To
ascertain whether an order is a collateral order subject to our immediate appellate

       2
           Olick does not appear to contest the assertion that the August 27, 2018 order is not final,
as he titled his appeal as a “Notice of Collateral Order Appeal.” Olick’s Notice of Collateral Order
Appeal filed 9/5/18. Further, in his briefs to this Court, Olick consistently argues that this matter
is properly before the Court as a collateral order. Olick’s Brief at 1 & Olick’s Reply Brief at 3-4
& 17-18. Therefore, our analysis is focused on whether the trial court’s August 27, 2018 order
meets the exception to the final order rule, that is, whether it is appealable as a collateral order.

                                                  5
jurisdiction, the order must meet three requirements: “(1) the order must be separable
from, and collateral to, the main cause of action; (2) the right involved must be too
important to be denied review; and (3) the question presented must be such that if
review is postponed until after final judgment, the claim will be irreparably lost.”
Flor, 136 A.3d at 155 (quotations omitted); see Pa.R.A.P. 313(b). If the three-
pronged test is not met, we have no jurisdiction to consider the order, in the absence
of another exception to the final order rule, as it is an interlocutory order.3 Rae v.
Pa. Funeral Dirs. Ass’n, 977 A.2d 1121, 1125-26 (Pa. 2009). Because the collateral
order is an exception to the general rule that only final orders are appealable, we
must apply the test narrowly. Flor, 136 A.3d at 156. Upon review, we conclude
that the August 27, 2018 order is an interlocutory order, not a collateral order,
because the order does not meet all prongs of the collateral order test.
               To meet the second prong of the test, the August 27, 2018 order must
implicate a right “too important” to be denied review. Pa.R.A.P. 313(b). An order
involves a right too important to be denied review only if it is “deeply rooted in
public policy going beyond the particular litigation at hand.” Geniviva v. Frisk, 725
A.2d 1209, 1214 (Pa. 1999). “[I]t is not sufficient that the issue be important to the
particular parties.” Id. Claims must be analyzed “in the context of the broad public
policy interests that they implicate” and not “with respect to the specific facts of the




       3
         Though certain interlocutory orders may proceed as a matter of right, Olick does not argue
or assert that the August 27, 2018 order is such an order. Pa.R.A.P. 311(a) (providing that orders
enumerated therein can be appealed as of right including, but not limited to, orders affecting
judgments, attachments, changing criminal venue, injunctions, peremptory judgment in
mandamus, new trials and partition). Further, Olick did not avail himself of the procedure to obtain
permission to appeal from an interlocutory order pursuant to Chapter 13 of the Pennsylvania Rules
of Appellate Procedure. See Pa.R.A.P. 312 (stating, “[a]n appeal from an interlocutory order may
be taken by permission pursuant to Chapter 13”).
                                                 6
case.” Id. Here, Olick fails to explain how the trial court’s August 27, 2018 order
implicates rights going beyond the particular litigation at hand.
               Olick contends that he has a “basic significant right to obtain discovery
to support his claims” against the Police and the trial court’s order “effectively”
denied him the “right to obtain material relevant evidence in discovery” and caused
the Police to “ignore, without consequences” the trial court’s June 18, 2018 order.
Olick’s Brief at 1 (emphasis added). Olick further asserts that he cannot receive a
“full and fair trial on the merits” if the Police is “permitted to conceal material
relevant evidence and/or discovery[.]” Olick’s Brief at 2; Olick’s Reply Brief at 4.
But, Olick’s arguments relate to how the order affects his particular case and he
offers no analysis as to the broad public policy interests implicated by the order,
which is insufficient to meet the second prong of the collateral order test. We
conclude that the trial court’s August 27, 2018 order is interlocutory due to Olick’s
failure to meet the second prong of the collateral order test.4
                Accordingly, we quash Olick’s appeal.



                                              _________________________________
                                              CHRISTINE FIZZANO CANNON, Judge




       4
         We need not address the other prongs of the collateral order test, as Olick cannot meet all
three prongs. See Flor, 136 A.3d at 155.
        The trial court’s August 27, 2018 order did not dispose of Olick’s underlying complaint
requesting penalties under Section 1305 of the RTKL. As explained by the trial court, “[t]he
imposition of penalties in accordance with Section 1305 might eventually be proper if [Olick]
meets his burden of proving bad faith noncompliance with a final order on the merits of his OOR
enforcement action, or some other bad faith denial of access in violation of the [RTKL].” Trial
Court Opinion dated 9/19/18 at 5.
                                                 7
         IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA


Thomas W. Olick,                     :
                   Appellant         :
                                     :
            v.                       :
                                     :   No. 108 C.D. 2019
City of Easton Police Department     :


                                   ORDER


            AND NOW, this 31st day of October, 2019, the appeal in the above-
captioned matter is QUASHED.




                                    __________________________________
                                    CHRISTINE FIZZANO CANNON, Judge
