           IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

CHARLES COLBURN,                         §
                                         §
      Defendant Below,                   §   No. 327, 2016
      Appellant,                         §
                                         §   Court Below—Superior Court
      v.                                 §   of the State of Delaware
                                         §
STATE OF DELAWARE,                       §   Cr. ID No. 1411002179
                                         §
      Plaintiff Below,                   §
      Appellee.                          §

                          Submitted: August 17, 2016
                           Decided: October 5, 2016

Before HOLLAND, VALIHURA, and VAUGHN, Justices.

                                  ORDER

      This 5th day of October 2016, upon consideration of the appellant’s opening

brief, the motion to affirm, and the record below, it appears to the Court that:

      (1)    The appellant, Charles Colburn, filed this appeal from a Superior

Court order denying his first motion for postconviction relief under Superior Court

Criminal Rule 61. The State of Delaware has filed a motion to affirm the judgment

below on the ground that it is manifest on the face of Colburn’s opening brief that

his appeal is without merit. We agree and affirm.

      (2)    The record reflects that Colburn was arrested on multiple charges

arising from the discovery of almost 1,500 bags of heroin and multiple firearms in

his car. On January 7, 2015, Colburn waived indictment and pled guilty to Drug
Dealing (Tier IV), Possession of a Firearm During the Commission of a Felony

(“PFDCF”), and Possession of a Firearm by a Person Prohibited (“PFBPP”). In the

plea agreement, the parties agreed to recommend a sentence with non-suspended

Level V time of nine years and the State agreed not to seek habitual offender

sentencing under 11 Del. C. § 4214(a). Colburn was sentenced as follows: (i) for

Drug Dealing (Tier IV), twenty-five years of Level V incarceration, suspended

after two years for twenty-three years of Level IV (Department of Correction

Discretion), suspended after one year for eighteen months of Level III probation;

(ii) for PFDCF, five years of Level V incarceration; and (iii) for PFBPP, two years

of Level V incarceration. Colburn did not appeal the Superior Court’s judgment.

         (3)    On March 30, 2015, Colburn filed a motion for reduction of sentence,

which the Superior Court denied. On February 5, 2016, Colburn filed a motion for

postconviction relief under Rule 61.                Colburn argued that his counsel was

ineffective because she incorrectly informed him that he was ineligible for

concurrent sentences and she failed to argue at his sentencing that he was eligible

for concurrent sentences.          After the matter was referred to a Superior Court

Commissioner and Colburn’s former counsel provided an affidavit, the

Commissioner recommended denial of Colburn’s motion for postconviction relief.1




1
    State v. Colburn, 2016 WL 1756503 (Del. Super. Ct. Apr. 28, 2016).


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The Superior Court accepted the Commissioner’s recommendation and denied

Colburn’s motion for postconviction relief.2 This appeal followed.

       (4)     In his opening brief, Colburn argues that the Superior Court erred in

denying his motion for postconviction relief because he would not have pled guilty

if his counsel had correctly informed him that he was eligible for concurrent

sentencing on his PFBPP conviction. Colburn also claims that he did not have the

opportunity to file objections to the Commissioner’s report and recommendation

because he did not receive the report. This Court reviews the Superior Court’s

denial of postconviction relief for abuse of discretion and questions of law de

novo.3 The procedural bars of Rule 61 do not apply to Colburn’s timely claim of

ineffective assistance of counsel.

       (5)     To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel after entry of

a guilty plea, Colburn must demonstrate that his counsel’s representation fell

below an objective standard of reasonableness and there is a reasonable probability

that but for counsel’s errors, he would not have pled guilty and would have insisted

on proceeding to trial.4           Although not insurmountable, there is a strong

presumption that counsel’s representation was professionally reasonable.5                      A

defendant asserting a claim of ineffective assistance must make concrete

2
  State v. Colburn, 2016 WL 3248222 (Del. June 1, 2016).
3
  Dawson v. State, 673 A.2d 1186, 1190 (Del. 1996).
4
  Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 58-59 (1985); Albury v. State, 551 A.2d 53, 59 (Del. 1988).
5
  Albury, 551 A.2d at 59.


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allegations of cause and actual prejudice to substantiate a claim of ineffective

assistance of counsel.6

       (6)    As of July 9, 2014, judges have the discretion to impose concurrent,

rather than consecutive, sentences.7 Certain crimes, including PFDCF, are not

eligible for concurrent sentences.8 A defendant convicted of PFBPP is not eligible

for a concurrent sentence if the defendant was previously convicted of a Title 11

violent felony.9     A Title 11 violent felony is defined as a “Title 11 offense

identified in § 4201(c) of this title, or any offense set forth under the laws of the

United States, any other state or any territory of the United States which is the

same as or equivalent to any of the offenses designated as a Title 11 offense

identified in § 4201(c) of this title.”10 Relying on the listing of his 2009 conviction

for Felon in Possession of a Firearm in the United States District Court for the

District of Delaware as a Title 11 non-violent felony in his plea agreement,

Colburn argues that this previous conviction was not a Title 11 violent felony and

therefore he could receive concurrent sentences for his PFBPP conviction (as well

as his Drug Dealing conviction).




6
  Younger v. State, 580 A.2d 552, 556 (Del. 1990).
7
  11 Del. C. § 3901(d); Fountain v. State, 139 A.3d 837 (Del. 2016).
8
  11 Del. C. § 3901(d).
9
  Id.
10
   11 Del. C. § 3901(e).


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      (7)      Even assuming Colburn were eligible for concurrent sentencing on

his PFBPP conviction, he has not shown a reasonable probability that if he had

known he was eligible he would not have pled guilty and would have insisted on

proceeding to trial. By pleading guilty, Colburn obtained the benefit of the State

agreeing not to seek habitual offender sentencing under 11 Del. C. § 4214(a),

which Colburn was eligible for, and the State agreeing to recommend non-

suspended Level V time of nine years. If Colburn had insisted on going to trial, he

faced the risk of life imprisonment as a habitual offender.

      (8)    In addition, Colburn ignores that even if he were eligible for

concurrent sentencing, it was within the Superior Court judge’s discretion to

impose concurrent or consecutive sentences for his crimes.11 Colburn does not

point to anything in the record to suggest the Superior Court judge would have

imposed a concurrent, rather than consecutive, sentence. The sentencing transcript

reflects that the Superior Court judge was concerned by the serious nature of

Colburn’s crimes and his eligibility for habitual offender status. The notion that

Colburn would have insisted on proceeding to trial and facing the risk of life

imprisonment if he had known the Superior Court judge had the discretion to

impose concurrent sentences for two of his crimes is not supported by the record or

credible.

11
   Fountain v. State, 139 A.3d at 840-41 (describing amendment of § 3901(d) to give judges
discretion to impose concurrent or consecutive sentences).


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         (9)     Colburn’s Truth-in-Sentencing Guilty Plea Form and guilty plea

colloquy contradict his contention that he was coerced into pleading guilty. In the

Truth-in-Sentencing Guilty Plea Form, Colburn indicated that he freely and

voluntarily decided to plead guilty, no one, including his counsel and the State,

forced him to plead guilty, and he understood he was waiving certain constitutional

rights. During the guilty plea colloquy, Colburn stated that he was guilty of Drug

Dealing, PFDCF, and PFBPP, he understood the Superior Court was not bound by

the sentencing recommendation, and he was satisfied with his counsel’s

representation. Absent clear and convincing evidence to the contrary, which he

has not identified, Colburn is bound by his representations during the guilty plea

colloquy and in the Truth-in-Sentencing Guilty Plea Form.12

         (10) As set forth above, Colburn has not satisfied the standard for an

ineffective assistance of counsel claim. The Superior Court did not err therefore in

denying Colburn’s motion for postconviction relief. As to Colburn’s contention

that he did not have the opportunity to file objections to the Commissioner’s report

and recommendations because he did not receive the report, we have considered

his arguments on appeal regarding the merits of the Superior Court’s decision and

concluded that those arguments are without merit.




12
     Somerville v. State, 703 A.2d 629, 632 (Del. 1997).


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     NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the judgment of the Superior

Court is AFFIRMED.

                                BY THE COURT:


                                /s/ Karen L. Valihura
                                       Justice




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