J-S21040-15


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

RIDESAFELY.COM, INC.                                IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                          PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellee

                       v.

ALIOUNE THIAM,

                            Appellant                    No. 2867 EDA 2014


               Appeal from the Order Entered September 25, 2014
              in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
                         Civil Division at No.: 14030661


BEFORE: BOWES, J., JENKINS, J., and PLATT, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY PLATT, J.:                                  FILED JUNE 18, 2015

        Appellant, Alioune Thiam, appeals pro se from the order denying his

petition to open or strike a confessed judgment entered against him by

Appellee, RideSafely.com, Inc. We affirm.

        Appellant is a resident of Minnesota. He is a software engineer with

more than fifteen years’ experience, and currently is the senior principal

software engineer at Symantec Corporation, by whom he has been

employed for over ten years.            Appellee is a corporation that operates a

website as a broker to allow the public to participate in auto auctions with

Insurance Auto Auction, Inc. On April 30, 2013, Appellant placed a bid on

____________________________________________


*
    Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S21040-15


Appellee’s website for the purchase of a vehicle.          The purchase order

agreement (Agreement) was signed the same day1 as a prerequisite to

registering with the website and placing the bid, and Appellant was notified

on May 1, 2013 that he was the highest bidder. On May 3, 2013, Appellant

paid for the vehicle in full.

       The Agreement contained a choice of venue clause which required that

the parties litigate any issues arising under the Agreement in Philadelphia

County, Pennsylvania. Specifically, paragraph two of the Agreement stated:

       Choice of Law and Forum─The undersigned hereby agrees that,
       any and all litigation arising out of this Agreement, order,
       transaction[,] which involves in any way [Appellee] and/or its
       affiliates shall be litigated in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
       and under the laws of Pennsylvania with the agreed upon venue
       being Philadelphia County.         See paragraph 17 for detailed
       description of penalties arising out of the breach of this
       paragraph.

(Purchase Order Agreement, 4/30/13, at unnumbered page 1 ¶ 2)

(capitalization omitted).

       Paragraph seventeen of the Agreement provided, in pertinent part:

       17. PENALTY FOR VIOLATION OF PARAGRAPH 2/CONFESSION
       OF JUDGMENT. Buyer covenants and agrees that if he files or
       initiates an action either against [Appellee] . . . in any
       jurisdiction other than Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, [Appellee] . . .
       may cause judgment to be entered against the Buyer, and for
       that purpose[,] . . . Buyer hereby authorizes and empowers
       [Appellee] . . . to appeal for and confess judgment against the
       Buyer . . . for the recovery . . . [of] the Amount of money the
____________________________________________


1
  The electronic signature on the Agreement contained the name, “Allen
Thiam.”



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     Buyer has set as the “Price” in this Agreement . . . together with
     any and all outstanding fees incurred by the Buyer and any and
     all storage and/or late fees accumulated by the Buyer, as well as
     for interest and costs and attorney’s commission of 15%. . . .

(Id. at unnumbered page 3 ¶ 17).

     Appellant instituted litigation in Minnesota against Appellee seeking the

return of money paid for the vehicle.      On February 7, 2014, Appellee

confessed judgment against Appellant as a result of the violation of the

venue clause of the Agreement.

     The trial court’s December 5, 2014 opinion aptly sets forth the ensuing

procedural background:

           On March 6, 2014, Appellant filed a motion to open and/or
     strike confessed judgment. In the motion, Appellant averred
     that he had purchased a vehicle through Appellee’s website for
     personal use, and argued that the [Agreement] did not bear his
     signature and he did not voluntarily, knowingly, or intelligently
     give up his right to notice and a hearing prior to the entry of
     judgment.

           On March 21, 2014, Appellee filed its response to
     Appellant’s motion.     In the response, Appellee denied that
     Appellant had not received notice, as Appellee had served notice
     via certified mail return receipt requested on October 30, 2013,
     and that Appellant had accepted the [A]greement by electronic
     signature.

          On March 31, 2014, Appellant filed a surreply, arguing that
     he had never seen the [Agreement] or purchase [o]rder prior to
     the case or signed it, and that he was not a party to the
     [Agreement].

           On May 9, 2014, [the trial court] issued a [r]ule to [s]how
     [c]ause why the relief requested should not be granted.

          On September 4, 2014 [the trial court] held a hearing on
     the merits of the petition. Appellant, a resident of the state of

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J-S21040-15


       Minnesota[,] who stated he could not attend the hearing,
       testified by telephone and appeared pro se. Appellant argued
       that the confession of judgment was unlawful because he did not
       sign it, the name on the [Agreement] was not his name, and the
       amount in the [Agreement] is not the amount for which he
       purchased the vehicle in question.

             Appellee, however, averred that the purchase order
       [A]greement did bear Appellant’s electronic signature and name,
       and that the [Agreement] was available on the website clearly
       for his review. The [A]greement contained language restricting
       any lawsuit brought under the contract to the jurisdiction of the
       courts of Pennsylvania; however, Appellant had filed suit in
       Minnesota and had received notice that he had thirty (30) days
       to withdraw the suit before a confession of judgment was
       entered. In his answers to Appellee’s interrogatories, Appellant
       had acknowledged that he had signed the [A]greement, received
       the product purchased, and paid in full. Appellee had received
       payment in full from Appellant.

             Appellant again insisted that he had not seen or signed the
       [Agreement] and had not waived his right to bring suit in
       Minnesota. [The trial court] informed Appellant that if the basis
       upon which he challenged the judgment was that he had not
       signed the [Agreement] and had not seen it, then he would need
       to come to [c]ourt so his credibility could be judged. Appellant
       responded that he could not come to Philadelphia.

(Trial Court Opinion, 12/05/14, at 1-3 (record citations omitted).

       Following the hearing, the trial court denied Appellant’s petition to

strike or open judgment.            On September 29, 2014, Appellant timely

appealed.2

       Appellant raises four questions for our review:
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2
  Pursuant to the trial court’s order, Appellant filed a timely Rule 1925(b)
statement of errors complained of on appeal on October 19, 2014. See
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). The court filed an opinion on December 5, 2014. See
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a).



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      1. Can a [c]onfession of [j]udgment be filed against a person
         who is not a holder or assignee of the instrument containing
         the warrant of attorney?

      2. Can a [c]onfession of [j]udgment be valid when the party
         against whom the judgment is entered did not sign the
         instrument?

      3. Can a [c]onfession of [j]udgment be valid in a consumer
         credit transaction?

      4. Whether the lack of direct relation between the warrant of
         attorney and signature of executor nullify the [c]onfession of
         [j]udgment[?]

(Appellant’s Brief, at 4) (emphasis omitted).

      We first note that “[a] party waives all defenses and objections which

are not included in the petition [to strike/open] or answer.” Midwest Fin.

Acceptance Corp. v. Lopez, 78 A.3d 614, 626 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citing

Pa.R.C.P. 2959(c)). Here, Appellant filed both an answer and a petition to

open or strike in response to the complaint for confession of judgment.

Neither document contains an allegation that Appellee improperly filed the

confession of judgment against him because he is “not a holder or assignee

of the instrument containing the warrant of attorney” or that “the lack of

direct relation between the warrant of attorney and signature of executor

nullif[ies] the [c]onfession of [j]udgment.” (Appellant’s Brief, at 4; see also

Answer to Confession of Judgement Claim, 3/06/14, at unnumbered pages

1-2; Petition to Strike or Open, 3/06/14, at unnumbered page 1).

Therefore, Appellant’s first and fourth issues are waived.     See Midwest,

supra at 626.

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      In Appellant’s second issue he argues that, because the electronic

signature on the Agreement is not his, the court erred in denying his petition

to open or strike the confession of judgment. (See Appellant’s Brief, at 4,

14-17). This issue does not merit relief.

      Our standard of review of this issue is well-settled:

             We review a trial court’s order denying a petition to strike
      a confessed judgment to determine whether the record is
      sufficient to sustain the judgment.       A petition to strike a
      judgment may be granted only if a fatal defect or irregularity
      appears on the face of the record. Similarly, we review [an]
      order denying [an] Appellant’s petition to open [a] confessed
      judgment for an abuse of discretion.

Graystone Bank v. Grove Estates, L.P., 58 A.3d 1277, 1281-82 (Pa.

Super. 2012), affirmed, 81 A.3d 880 (Pa. 2013) (citation omitted).

      We first observe that Appellant’s second issue goes only to his petition

to the extent that it requested the court to open the judgment because he

disputes a factual averment in the complaint and confession of judgment.

See Midwest, supra at 623 (observing, “if the truth of the factual

averments contained in [the complaint in confession of judgment and

attached exhibits] are disputed, then the remedy is by proceeding to open

the judgment, not to strike it.”) (citation and internal quotation marks

omitted); see also Graystone, supra at 1282. Moreover, we conclude that

the trial court properly denied Appellant’s request that it strike the

judgment.

             In considering the merits of a petition to strike, the court
      will be limited to a review of only the record as filed by the party

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     in whose favor the warrant is given, i.e., the complaint and the
     documents which contain confession of judgment clauses.
     Matters dehors the record filed by the party in whose favor the
     warrant is given will not be considered. If the record is self-
     sustaining, the judgment will not be stricken. . . .

Graystone Bank, supra at 1282 (citation omitted).

     Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 2952 provides, in pertinent part:

     (a) The complaint [for confession of judgment] shall contain the
     following:

           (1) the names and last known addresses of the parties;

           (2) the original or a photostatic copy or like reproduction
     of the instrument showing the defendant’s signature; . . .

           (3) an averment that judgment is not being entered by
     confession against a natural person in connection with a
     consumer credit transaction;

           (4) a statement of any assignment of the instrument;

            (5) either a statement that judgment has not been entered
     on the instrument in any jurisdiction or if it has been entered an
     identification of the proceedings;

           (6) if the judgment may be entered only after a default or
     the occurrence of a condition precedent, an averment of the
     default or of the occurrence of the condition precedent;

           (7) an itemized computation of the amount then due,
     based on matters outside the instrument if necessary, which
     may include interest and attorneys’ fees authorized by the
     instrument;

           (8) a demand for judgment as authorized by the warrant;

           (9) if the instrument is more than twenty years old, or if
     the original or a photostatic copy or like reproduction of the
     instrument showing the defendant’s signature is not attached to
     the complaint, an application for a court order granting leave to
     enter judgment after notice;

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             (10) signature and verification in accordance with the rules
      relating to a civil action.

Pa.R.C.P. 2952(a) (notes omitted).

      Further,

            We have noted the need for strict adherence to rules
      governing confessed judgments. . . . This is so because a
      warrant of attorney to confess judgment confers such plenary
      power on the donee in respect of the adjudication of his own
      claims that certain specific formalities are to be observed in
      order to effectuate the granting of such a power. Accordingly,
      [a] Pennsylvania warrant of attorney must be signed. And it will
      be construed strictly against the party to be benefited by it,
      rather than against the party having drafted it. A warrant of
      attorney to confess judgment must be self-sustaining and to be
      self-sustaining the warrant must be in writing and signed by the
      person to be bound by it. The requisite signature must bear a
      direct relation to the warrant of attorney and may not be
      implied.

Graystone Bank, supra at 1282 (citations and quotation marks omitted).

      Here, the trial court found:

      . . . [T]here was no fatal defect requiring the reversal of
      judgment.     The contract clearly stated that the venue for
      litigation would be in Pennsylvania; Appellant instituted legal
      action in Minnesota, allowing for the confession of judgment
      under Paragraph 2 of the [A]greement.        The contract was
      electronically signed by Appellant, who paid the purchase price
      [for the vehicle] in full. Appellant was properly served with
      notice. . . .

(Trial Ct. Op., at unnumbered page 4).        Our independent review of the

record supports the trial court’s findings.

      First, the warrant of attorney was conspicuously stated in the

Agreement, and Appellant’s electronic signature appears directly below it.


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(See Purchase Order Agreement, 4/30/13, at unnumbered page 3).          Also,

the complaint contains the names and addresses of the parties, a copy of

the Agreement containing the warrant of attorney, and an averment that

judgment has not been previously entered. (See Complaint in Confession of

Judgment, 2/07/14, at unnumbered pages 1-2 ¶¶ 1-6; see also Purchase

Order Agreement, 4/30/13, at unnumbered page 3).             The complaint

additionally avers that Appellant violated the Agreement, thus triggering

Appellee’s right to confess judgment; that he was served with notice; that

venue is properly in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania; that judgment has

not previously been entered, and is not being entered against a natural

person in connection with a consumer credit transaction; and that the

Agreement is less than twenty years old. (See Complaint in Confession of

Judgment, 2/07/14, at unnumbered page 2 ¶¶ 4-8, 10 and unnumbered

page 3 ¶ 11). Finally, the complaint contains an itemized computation of the

amount due under the Agreement and is signed by Appellee’s counsel. (See

id. at unnumbered pages 2 ¶ 9, 3).

     Therefore, after our independent review we conclude that the trial

court properly found that there was no fatal defect on the face of the record




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requiring that the confession of judgment be stricken.       See Graystone

Bank, supra at 1281-82.3

       We next turn to the court’s denial of the petition inasmuch as it

requested that the judgment be opened.
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3
  Moreover, we are not legally persuaded by the cases on which Appellant
relies. For example, Appellant cites Scott Factors, Inc. v. Hartley, 228
A.2d 887 (Pa. 1967), in support of his argument that the judgment must be
stricken because it “must be executed [in] the exact manner agreed upon
between the parties.” (Appellant’s Brief, at 11; see also Appellant’s Reply
Brief, at 4-5). First, we note that Appellee fully complied with the warrant of
attorney’s unambiguous terms, as discussed more fully above. Additionally,
in Scott, the Court applied the general rule that warrants of attorney must
be strictly construed to the well-settled principle that, “once a judgment has
been entered under a warrant of attorney, the authority to use the warrant
vanishes and the warrant cannot again be exercised.” Scott, supra at 889.
Applying these rules to the facts of the case before it, the Court concluded
that, even though the first judgment had not been entered pursuant to the
precise provisions of the warrant of attorney, the court should have stricken
off a second judgment filed under the same warrant. See id. Here, there is
no allegation that the warrant of attorney previously had been exhausted.

      Also, we find the case of Centennial Bank v. Germantown-Stevens
Academy, 419 A.2d 698 (Pa. Super. 1980), on which Appellant relies,
unpersuasive. (See Appellant’s Brief, at 12-13). Centennial Bank involved
two corporations and premised its holding on the legal principle that a
second corporation that assumes the rights and burdens of a first
corporation “is bound by a warrant of attorney . . . executed by said first
corporation [provided that] [t]he fact of succession, [is] set forth in the
complaint . . . or otherwise appear[s] clearly and unambiguously on the
record.”    Centennial Bank, supra at 699-700 (citations omitted).
Appellant is not a corporation, and there is no issue of succession involved
here. This case is not persuasive.

      The remainder of the cases on which Appellant relies in support of this
argument are either not pertinent or stand for general legal principles
enunciated above, and we decline to address them here because such would
be repetitious. (See Appellant’s Brief, at 11-13, 15-17).




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             In reviewing a trial court’s order on a petition to open a
       confessed judgment, we have the following standard of review:

                    A petition to open judgment is an appeal to the
              equitable powers of the court.        As such it is
              committed to the sound discretion of the hearing
              court and will not be disturbed absent a manifest
              abuse of discretion.

             . . . [A] court acting in equity should open a confessed
       judgment only when the petitioner acts promptly, alleges a
       meritorious defense and presents sufficient evidence of that
       defense to require submission of the issues to the jury.

PNC Bank v. Kerr, 802 A.2d 634, 638 (Pa. Super. 2002), appeal denied,

815 A.2d 634 (Pa. 2002) (citations omitted).4

       Here, Appellant argues that he “presented enough believable evidence

that belonged to a jury to decide.” (Appellant’s Brief, at 19). We disagree.

       First, the record reveals that, although the electronic signature on the

Agreement identifies Appellant as “Alan Thiam,” Appellant admits that he

purchased the vehicle, which was identified by the Agreement as bearing

VIN number 1GYS4BEF8BR113404, on May 3, 2013 after placing a bid for it

on Appellee’s website on April 30, 2013.           (See Answer to Confession of

Judgement Claim, 3/06/14, at unnumbered page 1 ¶¶ 6-8).             Indeed, our

review of the record reveals that Appellant was required to agree to the
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4
   The parties do not argue the timeliness of Appellant’s petition, which was
filed within days of the entry of the confession of judgment. Therefore, we
will confine our analysis to the question of whether Appellant alleges a
meritorious defense and presented sufficient evidence to require submission
of the issues to a jury. See PNC Bank, supra at 638.




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terms of the purchase order and deposit agreements before he could

complete his bid on the car.             (See Appellant’s Discovery Information,

8/27/14, at unnumbered page 6).                At the hearing on Appellant’s petition,

Appellee’s counsel stated that, in Appellant’s answers to interrogatories, he

admitted that he signed the Agreement. (See N.T. Hearing, 9/04/14, at 7-

8). Appellant did not deny this allegation. (See id.). Nor did he offer any

evidence in support of his bald claim that the electronic signature, which was

located on the same page as the warrant of attorney, was not his. (See id.

at 3-13).

       Therefore, we conclude that the trial court did not manifestly abuse its

discretion when it denied Appellant’s petition to open where he failed to raise

a meritorious defense to the confession of judgment or “present[] sufficient

evidence of that defense to require submission of the issues to the jury.”

PNC Bank, supra at 638.5 Appellant’s issue fails.6

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5
  Appellant claims that the court made an impermissible credibility decision
when it denied his petition. (See Appellant’s Brief, at 18). We are cognizant
that the trial court stated that it would require Appellant’s presence at the
hearing on his petition in order to judge his credibility. (See N.T. Hearing,
9/04/14, at 11). However, there is no evidence that the trial court based its
final decision on a credibility determination, where Appellant failed to
present any evidence requiring “submission of the issues to the jury.” PNC
Bank, supra at 638 (citation omitted); (see N.T. Hearing, 9/04/13, at 3-
13; Appellant’s Discovery Information, 8/27/14, at unnumbered pages 1-11;
see also Trial Ct. Op., at unnumbered pages 1-4).
6
  Moreover, we find it disingenuous at best that Appellant, who styles
himself as “a software engineering expert with more than 15 years[’]
(Footnote Continued Next Page)


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      In his third issue, Appellant argues that his purchase of the vehicle

constituted “a consumer credit transaction and cannot be confessed.”

(Appellant’s Brief, at 17). This issue lacks merit.

      It is well-settled that judgments by confession are an improper remedy

for the default of a consumer credit transaction. See, e.g. Willits v. Fryer,

734 A.2d 425, 427-28 (Pa. Super. 1999); see also Pa.R.C.P. 2952(a)(3).

Pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 2950, a consumer credit

transaction is “a credit transaction in which the party to whom credit is

offered or extended is a natural person and the money, property or

services which are the subject of the transaction are primarily for personal,

family or household purposes.” Pa.R.C.P. 2950 (emphasis added).

      Here, the record reflects that Appellee did not extend Appellant any

credit. Appellant placed a bid for the vehicle on Appellee’s website on April

30, 2013, executed the Agreement the same day, was notified on May 1,

2013 that he had placed the winning bid, and paid for the car in full two

days later, on May 3, 2013.             (See Answer to Confession of Judgement

Claim, 3/06/14, at unnumbered pages 1-2). Appellee was the broker for the

sale, not a lending institution. Therefore, because Appellee did not offer or

                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

experience[,]” (Appellant’s Discovery Information, 8/27/14, at unnumbered
page 1), would not understand the import of the website’s conspicuous
language, “BY CLICKING THE CONFIRM BUTTON YOU AGREE TO THE TERMS
OF THE . . . PURCHASE ORDER AGREEMENT[.]” (Id. at unnumbered page
6) (emphasis in original).



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extend any credit to Appellant, his purchase of the vehicle did not constitute

a consumer credit transaction, and his argument that Appellee improperly

confessed judgment must fail.7 See Pa.R.C.P. 2950. Appellant’s third issue

lacks merit.

       Order affirmed.

       Judge Jenkins joins the Memorandum.

       Judge Bowes files a Dissenting Memorandum.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 6/18/2015




____________________________________________


7
  Appellant purports to rely on Willits in support of his argument that he
and Appellee engaged in a credit transaction. (See Appellant’s Brief, at 17-
18). This reliance is misplaced. The Willits Court found that a promissory
note between a lender and consumer, that contained terms for monthly
payments of closing costs in the sale of a home, was a consumer credit
transaction precluding confession of judgment. See Willits, supra at 427-
28. However, as explained above, this case does not involve any extension
of credit.



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