                                                                                 FILED
                                                                     United States Court of Appeals
                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        Tenth Circuit

                             FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT                         January 25, 2018
                         _________________________________
                                                                         Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                             Clerk of Court
GARY FLUTE, SR.,

      Plaintiff - Appellant,

v.                                                         No. 17-1397
                                                  (D.C. No. 1:17-CV-01688-LTB)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; MRS.                               (D. Colo.)
LOZANO, (first name unknown to
plaintiff), official & individual capacities;
MS. M. HOFFER, (first name unknown to
plaintiff), official & individual capacities;
MR. G. STAUT, (first name unknown to
plaintiff), official & individual capacities;
FCI-ENGLEWOOD; NORTH CENTRAL
REGIONAL OFFICE OF
ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDY
COORDINATORS, (individuals unknown
to plaintiff), official & individual
capacities; MS. DEBORAH DENHAM,
official & individual capacities; MS.
SARA M. REVELL, official & individual
capacities; MRS. LEYBA, (first name
unknown to plaintiff), official & individual
capacities

      Defendants - Appellees.
                      _________________________________

                             ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
                         _________________________________

       *
         After examining the appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this panel has
determined unanimously that oral argument wouldn’t materially assist in the
determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The
case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment
isn’t binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata,
and collateral estoppel. But it may be cited for its persuasive value. See Fed. R. App.
P. 32.1; 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
Before LUCERO, BALDOCK, and MORITZ, Circuit Judges.
                  _________________________________

      Proceeding pro se,1 federal prisoner Gary Flute Sr. brought this civil action

under Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403

U.S. 388 (1971). Flute initially alleged five claims against eight defendants. He then

filed an amended complaint—this time asserting 14 claims against the same eight

defendants—after a magistrate judge identified various deficiencies in his original

complaint. The district court screened Flute’s amended complaint under 28 U.S.C.

§ 1915A(a) and dismissed it as frivolous under § 1915A(b)(1).2 Flute appeals.

      We review a dismissal for frivolousness under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i) for

an abuse of discretion. Conkle v. Potter, 352 F.3d 1333, 1335 n.4 (10th Cir. 2003).

But it doesn’t appear that we have resolved whether we review a dismissal for

frivolousness under § 1915A(b)(1) under the same standard, or whether we instead

exercise de novo review. See Plunk v. Givens, 234 F.3d 1128, 1130 (10th Cir. 2000);

Robbins v. Cty. of Boulder, 592 F. App’x 710, 712 (10th Cir. 2014) (unpublished).


      1
         We liberally construe Flute’s pro se filings. But it’s not our role to act as his
advocate. James v. Wadas, 724 F.3d 1312, 1315 (10th Cir. 2013).
       2
         The district court dismissed Flute’s amended complaint—which alleges
claims arising from an August 2015 prison-job reassignment—on October 13, 2017.
On the same day, the district court also dismissed Flute’s amended complaint in a
separate action, which alleged claims arising from a March 2015 incident report and
subsequent disciplinary proceedings. See Flute v. United States, 1:17-CV-01717-
LTB, slip. op. at 2, 6 (D. Colo. Oct. 13, 2017). The district court resolved these cases
in separate orders, see id.; Flute v. United States, No. 1:17-cv-01688-LTB (D. Colo.
Oct. 13, 2017), and Flute has appealed from both. Although Flute raises many of the
same arguments in both appeals, we follow the district court’s lead and resolve the
cases in separate orders issued on the same day. See Flute v. United States, No. 17-
1401 (10th Cir. Jan. 25, 2018).
                                             2
We need not resolve that question here; for the reasons discussed below, Flute’s

arguments fail under either standard.

      We turn first to two preliminary matters: Flute argues that the magistrate judge

erred in (1) partially denying his motion for an extension of time to file his amended

complaint and (2) refusing to appoint an attorney to represent him.

      According to Flute, the magistrate judge erred by granting him a 30-day

extension of time to file his amended complaint, as opposed to the 60-day extension

that he requested. But even assuming this was error, Flute isn’t entitled to relief

unless he can show that the magistrate judge’s ruling prejudiced him. See 28 U.S.C.

§ 2111 (requiring us to disregard errors that “do not affect the substantial rights of

the parties”); Shinseki v. Sanders, 556 U.S. 396, 410 (2009) (explaining that “party

seeking reversal normally must explain why the erroneous ruling caused harm”).

      Here, Flute alleges that “as a result” of the partial denial of his request for an

extension of time, he “did not have enough time in which to prepare the instant

complaint.” Aplt. Br. 4. But Flute doesn’t provide any specific information about

what additions or revisions he might have made to his complaint if the magistrate

judge had given him more time to do so. Nor does he explain how those changes

would have warded off the district court’s ultimate § 1915A(b)(1) dismissal.

Accordingly, we find this argument inadequately briefed and decline to consider it.

See Fed. R. App. P. 28(a)(8)(A) (requiring appellant’s brief to include “appellant’s

contentions and the reasons for them”); Bronson v. Swensen, 500 F.3d 1099, 1104



                                            3
(10th Cir. 2007) (noting we routinely refuse to consider arguments that fail to meet

Rule 28’s requirements).

       For related reasons, we decline to address Flute’s argument that the magistrate

judge erred in denying Flute’s motion to appoint counsel. The magistrate judge

denied Flute’s request as premature. And Flute makes no attempt to explain why that

characterization was incorrect. Flute does suggest that he later renewed his request

for counsel in his subsequent motion for an extension of time. But we see no explicit

request for counsel there.3 Neither, apparently, did the magistrate judge; his ruling on

that motion addressed only Flute’s request for an extension.

       In sum, Flute provides neither (1) a basis for disturbing the magistrate judge’s

initial ruling denying his request for counsel as premature nor (2) a record citation

establishing that this issue was subsequently “raised and ruled on.” 10th Cir. R.

28.2(C)(2). Thus, we won’t reverse on this basis. See Nixon v. City & Cty. of Denver,

784 F.3d 1364, 1366 (10th Cir. 2015) (“The first task of an appellant is to explain to

us why the district court’s decision was wrong.”); Salt Lake Tribune Publ’g Co. v.

Mgmt. Planning, Inc., 454 F.3d 1128, 1142 (10th Cir. 2006) (declining to address

issue that district court didn’t rule on, even though parties fully briefed it below).

       We turn next to Flute’s challenges to the district court’s order dismissing his

complaint as frivolous. First, Flute generally asserts that the district court

“incorrectly decide[d] the facts.” Aplt. Br. 6. But Flute fails to identify any specific


       3
       Instead, it appears that Flute cited his lack of counsel as one of the reasons he
needed additional time to prepare and submit his amended complaint.
                                            4
factual findings or explain why they are incorrect. And even assuming the district

court made erroneous factual findings, Flute fails to explain how those findings

affected its ultimate ruling. Accordingly, we treat this argument as waived and

decline to consider it. See Bronson, 500 F.3d at 1104.

       Second, Flute asserts that the district court erred in failing to provide him with

“any proper USM-285 forms,” Aplt. Br. 6, which are “used to request service of

process,” Kiley v. Kurtz, 533 F. Supp. 465, 467 (D. Colo. 1982). But Flute doesn’t

suggest he ever asked the district court to provide him with such forms. Nor does he

explain how the district court’s alleged failure to do so prejudiced him. And we don’t

see how it could have; the district court dismissed Flute’s complaint because it

determined that his claims are legally frivolous, not because Flute failed to

adequately serve the defendants. Thus, any failure to provide the forms doesn’t

constitute a basis for reversal. See § 2111; Sanders, 556 U.S. at 410.

       Third, Flute argues that the district court overlooked his claim that the

defendants violated his constitutional rights by placing him “in Food Service when

[he] already had a job assignment,” Aplt. Br. 2, in violation of a Federal Bureau of

Prisons policy. We disagree. The district court acknowledged that this job transfer

formed the basis of Flute’s claims and then proceeded to explain why the claims were

nevertheless meritless. Thus, contrary to Flute’s assertions, the district court did not

overlook this potential basis for relief.

       Fourth, Flute argues that by sua sponte dismissing his complaint, the district

court improperly advocated for the defendants in violation of Greenlaw v. United

                                            5
States, 554 U.S. 237 (2008). Specifically, he suggests the district court ran afoul of

Greenlaw’s pronouncement that under “our adversary system,” we “assign to courts

the role of neutral arbiter of matters the parties present.” Id. at 243. Here, Flute points

out, the defendants didn’t “present” any arguments at all. Id.

       But Greenlaw’s actual holding—that “an appellate court may not alter a

judgment to benefit a nonappealing party,” id. at 244—didn’t prohibit the district

court from sua sponte dismissing Flute’s complaint. In fact, the district court’s

actions weren’t just permissible; they were mandatory. See § 1915A(a) (requiring

court to “review . . . a complaint in a civil action in which a prisoner seeks redress

from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity”);

§ 1915A(b)(1) (requiring court to dismiss if it determines “the complaint . . . is

frivolous”). Accordingly, the district court’s sua sponte decision to dismiss Flute’s

complaint is not, as he alleges, “violative of clearly established federal law under

[Greenlaw].” Aplt. Br. 3.

       Finally, Flute suggests that the district court erred in failing to recognize that

he was asserting a First Amendment claim. We agree that Flute’s amended complaint

invokes the First Amendment. But we disagree that the district court failed to

recognize as much; it construed Flute’s First Amendment claim as a retaliation claim

and then analyzed it under the three-part test we identified in Shero v. City of Grove,

510 F.3d 1196, 1203 (10th Cir. 2007). Because Flute neither suggests that the district

court erred in construing his First Amendment claim as a retaliation claim nor cites

any error in the district court’s retaliation analysis, we decline to reverse on this

                                             6
basis. See Reedy v. Werholtz, 660 F.3d 1270, 1275 (10th Cir. 2011) (“The argument

section of [appellants’] opening brief does not challenge the court’s reasoning on this

point. We therefore do not address the matter.”).

      In short, Flute fails to establish that the district court erred in dismissing his

complaint as frivolous. He also fails to demonstrate “the existence of a reasoned,

nonfrivolous argument on the law and facts in support of the issues raised on appeal.”

DeBardeleben v. Quinlan, 937 F.2d 502, 505 (10th Cir. 1991). Accordingly, we deny

his motion to proceed in forma pauperis, see id., remind Flute that he must

immediately pay any remaining filing fees, and dismiss this appeal as frivolous, see

§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(i). As a result, we note that Flute now has three strikes for purposes

of § 1915(g). See Hafed v. Fed. Bureau of Prisons, 635 F.3d 1172, 1175 (10th Cir.

2011) (holding that dismissal under § 1915A “counts as a strike when the action was

dismissed as frivolous, malicious, or for failure to state a claim”); Flute v. Ruehling,

No. 08-cv-484-MJR, 2009 WL 728570, at *1, 3 (S.D. Ill. Mar. 18, 2009) (dismissing

Flute’s complaint under § 1915A and assessing strike); cf. Jennings v. Natrona Cty.

Det. Ctr. Med. Facility, 175 F.3d 775, 780 (10th Cir. 1999) (“If we dismiss as

frivolous the appeal of an action the district court dismissed [as frivolous], both

dismissals count as strikes.”), abrogated in part on other grounds by Coleman v.

Tollefson, 135 S. Ct. 1759 (2015).


                                             Entered for the Court


                                             Nancy L. Moritz
                                             Circuit Judge
                                            7
