                                               KEN PAXTON
                                          ATTORNEY GENERAL OF TEXAS



                                                   May 12, 2015



Mr. Wallace Hall                                               Opinion No. KP-0021
Member, Board of Regents
The University of Texas System                                 Re: Authority of the University of Texas
Ashbel Smith Hall, Suite 820                                   System Board of Regents to prohibit a regent
201 West 7th Street                                            from accessing records in the possession of
Austin, Texas 78701                                            the University (RQ-0020-KP)

Dear Mr. Hall:

         You ask two questions related to the authority of the University of Texas System ("the
System") Board of Regents ("the Board") and the Chancellor of the System to prohibit a regent
from obtaining documents in the possession of the University. 1 Before we address these
substantive questions, we must address a procedural question raised by the System and the Board.
The System and the Board suggest that "[a]n individual Regent is not authorized to seek an opinion
of the Attorney General in his official capacity without the consent of the Board." System Brief
at 2. In subsection 402.042(b) of the Government Code, the Legislature has authorized specific
individuals who may request an opinion from the attorney general, including, among others:
"(1) the governor; (2) the head of a department of state government; (3) a head or board of a penal
institution; (4) a head or board of an eleemosynary institution; ( 5) the head of a state board; [and]
(6) a regent or trustee of a state educational institution." TEX. Gov'T CODE ANN. § 402.042(b)
(West 2013). Pursuant to this language, in most instances a single member that is not the head of
a multi-member board is not authorized to seek an opinion of the attorney general individually.
The plain language of subsection 402.042(b)(6), however, does not create such limitations with
regard to state educational institutions. 2 See Prairie View A&M Univ. v. Chatha, 381 S.W.3d 500,

          1
           See Letter from Bill Aleshire, Counsel to Wallace Hall, Regent, Univ. of Tex. Sys., to Honorable Ken
 Paxton, Tex. Att'y Gen. at I (Apr. 20, 2015), https://www.texasattomeygeneral.gov/opinion/requests-for-opinion-
 rqs. After the System and the Board suggested that a regent may not ask for an attorney general opinion through
 private counsel, you submitted an identical letter directly requesting the opinion in your capacity as a regent. Letter
 from Wallace L. Hall, Regent, Univ. of Tex. Sys., to Honorable Ken Paxton, Tex. Att'y Gen. at 1 (May 6, 2015),
 https://www.texasattomeygeneral.gov/opinion/requests-for-opinion-rqs ("Request Letter"). See Letter from Daniel
 H. Sharphom, Vice Chancellor and Gen. Counsel, Univ. of Tex. Sys., and Francie A. Frederick, Gen. Counsel to the
 Bd. of Regents, Univ. of Tex. Sys., to Honorable Ken Paxton, Tex. Att'y Gen. at 2-3 (May 4, 2015) (on file with the
 Op. Comm.) ("System Brief').

          2
           The System and the Board contend that a prior version of the statute allowed only "the heads of boards" of
 various institutions including "regents and trustees of State education institutions." System Brief at 3-4. However,
Mr. Wallace Hall - Page 2                            (KP-0021)



507 (Tex. 2012) ("The plain language of a statute is the surest guide to the Legislature's intent.").
That the Legislature limited the authority to request opinions to the heads of other entities suggests
that it knew how and could have done so with regard to regents of educational institutions if that
was its intent. See Zanchi v. Lane, 408 S.W.3d 373, 380 (Tex. 2013) (holding that the Legislature
demonstrated that it knew how to require service of a document to mirror service by citation
because it had done so in article 59.04 of the Code of Criminal Procedure but not in the Medical
Liability Act). Thus, under the plain language of subsection 402.042(b)(6), any individual who
serves as "a regent or trustee of a state educational institution" is authorized to request an attorney
general opinion. TEX. Gov'T CODE ANN.§ 402.042(b)(6) (West 2013).

        You explain that as a member of the System's Board, you have concerns about the System's
student admissions practices, and you have requested records and working papers the System holds
of an independent investigation related to the same. Request Letter at 1. You advise that to date,
none of the records have been provided. Id. at 2. You first ask whether the Board has "authority
to prohibit, by rule or otherwise, a regent from obtaining access to and copies of records in the
possession of the University that the regent believes are necessary to review to fulfill his duties as
a regent." Id. at 1. You emphasize that you are asking about access by "a regent in his official
capacity," distinguishing such access from a request made as a member of the public under the
Public Information Act. Id. at 3; see Tex. Att'y Gen. Op. No. JM-119 (1983) at 2 ("when a trustee
... , acting in his official capacity, requests information maintained by the district, he is not a
member of the 'public' for purposes of the Open Records Act"). Thus, we look to law outside of
the Public Information Act to answer your questions.

       The government of the System "is vested in a board of nine regents appointed by the
governor with the advice and consent of the senate. The board may provide for the administration,
organization, and names of the institutions and entities in The University of Texas System in such
a way as will achieve the maximum operating efficiency of such institutions and entities." TEX.
EDUC. CODE ANN. § 65.11 (West 2002). Furthermore, the Board is charged with setting "campus
admission standards consistent with the role and mission of the institution and considering the
admission standards of similar institutions nationwide having a similar role and mission." Id.
§ 51.352(d)(4) (West 2012).

        The Board "has authority to promulgate and enforce such other rules and regulations for
the operation, control, and management of [the System] as the board may deem either necessary
or desirable." Id.§ 65.31(c) (West 2002). Pursuant to that authority, the Board has promulgated
rules concerning access to information by members of the Board. 3 Relevant to your inquiry, Board
Rules provide that "Members of the Board of Regents are to be provided access to such information
as in their individual judgments will enable them to fulfill their duties and responsibilities as

 the Texas Supreme Court construes codified changes intended to be nonsubstantive according to their plain terms.
 See, e.g., Fleming Foods of Tex., Inc. v. Rylander, 6 S.W.3d 278, 286 (Tex. 1999) ("We are compelled to conclude
 that when, as here, specific provisions of a 'nonsubstantive' codification and the code as a whole are direct,
 unambiguous, and cannot be reconciled with prior law, the codification rather than the prior, repealed statute must
 be given effect.").

          3
           See The Univ. of Tex. Sys., Rules and Regulations of the Bd. of Regents, https://www.utsystem.edu/board-
 of-regents/rules ("Board Rules").
Mr. Wallace Hall - Page 3                      (KP-0021)



Regents of the U.T. System." Board Rule 10101 § 3.1 (emphasis added). Board Rule 10801,
section 5.4 outlines a specific process by which a member of the Board or the Chancellor may
request information. The rule begins with a statement that the process "is not intended nor will it
be implemented to prevent a member of the Board ... from access to information or data that the
Board member . . . deems is necessary to fulfill his or her official duties and responsibilities."
Board Rule 10801 § 5.4.1. The rule further provides:

               Within 5 business days of the receipt of a Regent's information
               request, the Chancellor's Office will provide the requesting Regent
               with an estimated date for delivery or production. . . . In the rare
               circumstance when there are concerns about a Regent's request, the
               matter will be discussed with the Regent . . . . If concerns about a
               request for information or data are unresolved following discussion
               with the Regent, the matter will be presented to the Board as quickly
               as possible .... For the purpose of a Board vote on this issue, the
               vote of any two or more Regents in support of the request is
               sufficient to direct that the request will be filled without delay.

Board Rule 10801 § 5.4.5.

        Rules adopted by a university system's board of regents in the exercise of the board's
delegated authority have the force and effect of law. See Foley v. Benedict, 55 S.W.2d 805, 808
(Tex. 1932) (orig. proceeding) (stating that rules of the board "are of the same force as would be
a like enactment of the Legislature"). Courts will not interfere with rules of a board of regents of
a university in the absence of a clear showing of arbitrary action or abuse of discretion. Id at 808-
09. The rules of a board of regents of a university system, however, may not be contrary to the
constitution or statutes. See R.R. Comm 'n v. Lone Star Gas Co., 844 S.W.2d 679, 685 (Tex. 1992)
(stating that a state agency's rules must be consistent with state law).

        The Legislature has not expressly conferred upon regents the right to access documents in
possession of a university. However, "[e]ach member of a governing board has the legal
responsibilities of a fiduciary in the management of funds under the control of institutions subject
to the board's control and management." TEX. Eouc. CODE ANN. § 51.352(e) (West 2012); see
also Board Rule 10101 § 3.1 (requiring regents to become "knowledgeable in some detail
regarding the operations, management, finances, and effectiveness of the academic, research and
public service programs of the U.T. System"). That the Legislature has charged the regents with
administration of the System, including its admissions process, and has imposed fiduciary
obligations upon the regents individually necessarily implies that regents may have access to
System information and records. Cf Chavco Inv. Co. v. Pybus, 613 S.W.2d 806, 810 (Tex. App.-
Houston [14th Dist.] 1981, writ ref d n.r.e.) (holding that a director of a corporation has a right to
inspect the corporate books and records).

       While we have found no Texas court decisions directly addressing the issue in the context
of university regents, Texas attorneys general have consistently concluded that "a member of a
governing body has an inherent right of access to the records of that body when requested in the
member's official capacity and for the member's performance of official duties." Tex. Att'y Gen.
Mr. Wallace Hall - Page 4                             (KP-0021)



Op. Nos. GA-0138 (2004) at 3, JC-0283 (2000) at 3-4, JC-0120 (1999) at 3, JM-119 (1983) at 3.
In addressing a request for audit information by a member of the board of trustees of a community
college district, this office explained that "a member of that board has an inherent right of access
to such records, at least when he requests them in his official capacity." Tex. Att'y Gen. Op. No.
JM-119 (1983) at 3. The chancellor in that situation claimed that, as custodian ofrecords, he could
decline to furnish to any requestor records that he determined were protected by law. Id. at 1.
Contrary to that claim, this office explained that a chancellor's ability "to prevent a district trustee
from obtaining those records ... would create an anomalous situation in which a district employee
could prevent such trustee from discharging his official duties." Id. at 3.

        Access to records is a necessary part of a board member's fulfillment of his or her duties.
While a governmental body may adopt reasonable procedures with regard to the timing, copying,
and process for review of records, a "governmental body cannot adopt a policy that prevents a
member of the body from performing the duties of office." Tex. Att'y Gen. Op. No. JC-0120
(1999) at 3; see Tex. Att'y Gen. L0-93-069, at 5 ("we believe the legislature would have expressly
authorized the board to adopt rules limiting the board members' access to the board's personnel or
investigative records if it had intended the board by majority vote to limit an individual member's
access to those records"). The Board's own rules acknowledge this principle by providing regents
"access to such information as in their individual judgments will enable them to fulfill their duties
and responsibilities as Regents of the U. T. System." Board Rule 10101 § 3 .1 (emphasis added).
Thus, unless a state or federal law requires otherwise, a court would likely conclude that the Board
may not prohibit an individual regent from obtaining access to records in the possession of the
System that the regent believes are necessary to fulfill his duties as a regent.

       Your second question asks whether the Chancellor has authority "to prohibit the regent
from having access to or obtaining copies of records that the regent believes are necessary to
review to fulfill his duties as a regent." Request Letter at 1. You explain that the System has in
the past withheld some of the information you have requested because the documents included
student records that the Chancellor has determined are protected under the Family Educational
Rights and Privacy Act ("FERPA"). Id. at 2. Although an assessment ofFERPA's application to
a given set ofrecords is beyond the scope of this opinion,4 we note that FERPA also provides that
"nothing in [FERP A] shall be construed to prohibit State and local education officials from having
access to student or other records which may be necessary in connection with the audit and
evaluation of any federally or State supported education program." 5 20 U.S.C.A. § 1232g(b)(5)
(West 2010).



         4See Letter from LeRoy S. Rooker, Dir., Family Policy Compliance Office, U.S. Dep't of Educ., to

 Katherine M. Cary, Chief, Open Records Div., Office of the Tex. Att'y Gen. at 3-4 (July 25, 2006) (on file with the
 Op. Comm.) (stating that the Office of the Attorney General is not generally authorized to obtain and review specific
 documents to determine the applicability ofFERPA).

          5
         To the extent that some of the requested documents involve student records protected under FERPA,
 FERPA requires that "any data collected by [state educational authorities] shall be protected in a manner which will
Mr. Wallace Hall - Page 5                              (KP-0021)



                                              SUMMARY

                         Unless a state or federal law requires otherwise, a court
                  would likely conclude that the Board of Regents of the University
                  of Texas System may not prohibit an individual regent from
                  obtaining access to records in the possession of the University that
                  are necessary to fulfill his duties as a regent.

                         A court would likely conclude that the Family Educational
                  Rights and Privacy Act does not allow a university to withhold
                  student records from state or local education officials that are
                  necessary in connection with an audit and evaluation of a state
                  supported education program.

                                                       Very truly yours,




                                                       KEN PAXTON
                                                       Attorney General of Texas



CHARLES E. ROY
First Assistant Attorney General

BRANTLEY STARR
Deputy Attorney General for Legal Counsel

VIRGINIA K. HOELSCHER
Chair, Opinion Committee
Assistant Attorney General




 not permit the personal identification of students and their parents by other than those officials, and such personally
 identifiable data shall be destroyed when no longer needed for such audit, evaluation, and enforcement of Federal
 legal requirements." 20 U.S.C.A. § 1232g(b)(3) (2010).
