                                                                            FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                             FEB 08 2019
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS


                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT


TRAVELERS PROPERTY CASUALTY                      No.   17-55886
COMPANY OF AMERICA, a
Connecticut corporation,                         DC No. CV 15-05677 R

              Plaintiff-Appellee,
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
 v.

TAISEI CONSTRUCTION
CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation,

              Defendant-Appellant.


                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Central District of California
                     Manuel L. Real, District Judge, Presiding

                      Argued and Submitted January 10, 2019
                               Pasadena, California

Before:      TASHIMA and WATFORD, Circuit Judges, and ROBRENO,**
             District Judge.




      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The Honorable Eduardo C. Robreno, United States District Judge for
the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, sitting by designation.
      This appeal stems from a dispute between an insurance carrier, Plaintiff

Travelers Property Casualty Company of America (“Travelers”), and its insured,

Defendant Taisei Corporation (“Taisei”). When Taisei was sued in state court by a

third party, it tendered the defense of the action to Travelers, which accepted the

tender and appointed counsel to defend Taisei. Later, Taisei requested that

Travelers’ appointed counsel withdraw. Travelers then brought this action against

Taisei for declaratory relief and breach of contract, alleging that Taisei’s dismissal

of appointed counsel was a breach of Taisei’s duty to cooperate. Taisei counter-

claimed, also for declatory relief and breach of contract. The district court

dismissed Taisei’s counterclaim and granted summary judgment to Travelers;

Taisei appealed.

      We review de novo a district court’s granting of summary judgment, see

Ballen v. City of Redmond, 466 F.3d 736, 741 (9th Cir. 2006), and of a motion to

dismiss, see Cervantes v. United States, 330 F.3d 1186, 1187 (9th Cir. 2003). We

vacate and remand in part and affirm in part.

      1.     The district court erred in granting summary judgment to Travelers on

its claim that Taisei breached its duty to cooperate under the insurance contract as a

matter of law by rejecting Travelers’ appointed counsel. Under California law, an

insurance carrier must show substantial prejudice in order to prevail on a claim that


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an insured breached the duty to cooperate. Campbell v. Allstate Ins. Co., 384 P.2d

155, 156 (Cal. 1963). Because substantial prejudice requires a showing that there

is “a substantial likelihood the trier of fact would have found in the insured’s

favor,” Billington v. Interinsurance Exch. of S. Cal., 456 P.2d 982, 987 (Cal.

1969), and because prejudice from breach of the duty to cooperate generally cannot

be presumed, Campbell, 384 P.2d at 157, prejudice generally cannot be shown

until the underlying litigation has concluded. See United Servs. Auto. Assn. v.

Martin, 174 Cal. Rptr. 835, 836 (Ct. App. 1981) (“Logically, the required showing

of prejudice cannot be made while the main tort action is still pending, its outcome

uncertain.”). At the time the district court granted summary judgment to Travelers,

the underlying litigation had not concluded; accordingly, the district court erred in

granting summary judgment to Travelers because prejudice had not been and could

not be shown. However, the underlying litigation has since been settled. We

therefore vacate the district court’s grant of summary judgment to Travelers and

remand for the court to consider the effect of the settlement of the underlying

action on Travelers’ claim.

      2.     The district court properly dismissed Taisei’s counterclaim for

declaratory relief and breach of contract. Taisei alleged that Travelers breached its

duty under the contract by failing to supervise its appointed counsel. Under


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California law, however, insurers do not have an obligation to monitor the

adequacy of appointed counsel’s representation. See Merritt v. Reserve Ins. Co.,

110 Cal. Rptr. 511, 526–27 (Ct. App. 1973) (holding that, because an insurance

carrier is not authorized to practice law and therefore must delegate the defense to

trial counsel, any remedy is “found in an action against counsel for malpractice and

not in a suit against counsel’s employer to impose vicarious liability”). Taisei’s

allegation that Travelers undertook this obligation through an alleged contract is a

legal conclusion for which Travelers alleged no supporting facts. See Ashcroft v.

Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 679 (2009). Accordingly, because the counterclaim failed

plausibly to allege either that Travelers owed a duty to Taisei to oversee appointed

counsel’s conduct of the underlying litigation or that it breached such a duty, we

affirm the district court’s dismissal of Taisei’s amended counterclaim.

      VACATED and REMANDED in part, and AFFIRMED in part. Each

side shall bear its own costs on appeal.




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