                          STATE OF MICHIGAN

                           COURT OF APPEALS



PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,                                   UNPUBLISHED
                                                                   April 12, 2016
               Plaintiff-Appellee,

v                                                                  No. 325104
                                                                   Wayne Circuit Court
THOMAS ELMER DRUMMOND,                                             LC No. 14-001582-FC

               Defendant-Appellant.


Before: GLEICHER, P.J., and CAVANAGH and FORT HOOD, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

       Defendant appeals as of right his jury convictions of first-degree premeditated murder,
MCL 750.316, felon in possession of a firearm, MCL 750.224f, and possession of a firearm
during the commission of a felony (felony-firearm), MCL 750.227b. We affirm.

        On May 6, 2012, the victim, Alex Acosta, had a barbeque at his apartment after recently
being released from prison. Acosta was joined at the apartment by two friends from prison,
defendant and Andre Walk, as well as three female friends. After the women left, one of
Acosta’s girlfriends, Brittany Goggins, came over with her sister Sharon Chapa, and Chapa’s two
children. In the presence of defendant and Walk, Acosta gave Chapa money for gas that he took
from a big wad of cash he had in his pocket. At about 6:30 p.m., Walk left the apartment.
Shortly after, at about 6:45 p.m., so did Goggins, Chapa, and Chapa’s children. Defendant was
then alone with Acosta in the apartment. Acosta was supposed to call Goggins fifteen minutes
after her and her sister left the apartment, but he did not.

         At about 7:00 p.m., Acosta received a call from an inmate in prison, Timothy Galvin.
While on the phone with Acosta, Galvin heard a gunshot. At approximately 8:45 p.m., Acosta’s
sister, Tabatha Walls, went to his apartment after not being able to reach him. She found Acosta
dead. He died of a single gunshot wound to the back of his head. There was no evidence of
forced entry, and no cash or drugs were found on Acosta or in his apartment.

        On May 17, 2012, defendant was a passenger in a vehicle that was pulled over by police.
A search of the vehicle uncovered a handgun from the passenger side floorboard, which
defendant admitted belonged to him and he pled guilty to possessing it. Subsequent ballistics
tests confirmed that defendant’s handgun was used to kill Acosta, i.e., the shell casing recovered
from the murder scene had been ejected from that handgun.


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        On appeal, defendant argues that there was insufficient evidence on the element of
identity to support his convictions. We disagree.

       We review de novo a claim of insufficient evidence. People v Ericksen, 288 Mich App
192, 195; 793 NW2d 120 (2010). This Court considers the evidence in the light most favorable
to the prosecution to determine whether a rational trier of fact could find that the essential
elements of the crime were proven beyond a reasonable doubt. People v Schumacher, 276 Mich
App 165, 167; 740 NW2d 534 (2007).

       Identity is an essential element in every criminal prosecution. People v Oliphant, 399
Mich 472, 489; 250 NW2d 443 (1976). Therefore, a defendant’s identity as the perpetrator of
the charged crimes must be established beyond a reasonable doubt. People v Kern, 6 Mich App
406, 409-410; 149 NW2d 216 (1967). The prosecution is permitted to establish the identity of
the perpetrator by circumstantial evidence and any associated reasonable inferences. Id.; see also
People v Nelson, 234 Mich App 454, 459; 594 NW2d 114 (1999).

        Defendant argues that because there were no eyewitnesses to the shooting and because
other people had motive to kill Acosta, there was insufficient evidence to establish that he in fact
killed Acosta. We disagree. The circumstantial evidence presented was sufficient for the jury to
conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant killed Acosta. Chapa testified that, in the
presence of defendant and Walk, Acosta gave her money that he pulled from a big wad of cash
he had in his pocket. At about 6:30 p.m. Walk left and shortly thereafter so did Chapa, her kids,
and her sister—leaving defendant alone with Acosta. Then Acosta received a telephone call and,
while he was speaking on the telephone, Acosta was shot in the head. There was no sign of
forced entry into Acosta’s apartment and the cash Chapa had seen Acosta with was not found in
his pocket by the police. Then eleven days after Acosta was killed, defendant was arrested for
possessing a handgun, which he admitted was his handgun. And that handgun was later
determined to be the murder weapon. We conclude that the prosecution established beyond a
reasonable doubt, through circumstantial evidence and reasonable inferences arising from the
evidence, that defendant was the perpetrator of the charged crimes. See Nelson, 234 Mich App
at 459; Kern, 6 Mich App at 409-410.

       Affirmed.



                                                             /s/ Elizabeth L. Gleicher
                                                             /s/ Mark J. Cavanagh
                                                             /s/ Karen M. Fort Hood




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