         IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                          AT NASHVILLE
                          Assigned on Briefs September 21, 2005

                 STATE OF TENNESSEE v. LAJUN M. COLE, SR.

                    Appeal from the Circuit Court for Montgomery County
                          No. 40400207     Michael R. Jones, Judge



                  No. M2004-02812-CCA-R3-CD - Filed September 28, 2005


This is an appeal from convictions on a jury verdict of criminal trespass of a habitation, especially
aggravated kidnapping, misdemeanor reckless endangerment, and theft of property over $1,000. The
Defendant was sentenced to eleven months and twenty-nine days for his misdemeanor trespass and
reckless endangerment convictions, two years for his theft conviction, and twenty years as a violent
offender for his especially aggravated kidnapping conviction. All of the sentences were to be served
concurrently for an effective twenty year term of incarceration in the Department of Correction. On
appeal, the Defendant challenges only his conviction for especially aggravated kidnapping, asserting
there is insufficient evidence to support a conviction for this offense. We affirm the judgments of
the trial court.

      Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgments of the Circuit Court Affirmed

DAVID H. WELLES, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which NORMA MCGEE OGLE and J.C.
MCLIN , JJ., joined.

Gregory D. Smith, Clarksville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Lajun M. Cole, Sr.

Paul G. Summers, Attorney General & Reporter; Jennifer L. Bledsoe, Assistant Attorney General;
John Carney, District Attorney General; and Dan Brollier, Assistant District Attorney General, for
the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                             OPINION


                                               FACTS

         The convictions in this case result from an incident in which the Defendant, Lajun Cole, put
a knife to his estranged wife’s throat (the victim) and held her captive in her own home in Clarksville
for several hours during the morning of September 6, 2003. Shortly thereafter the Defendant forced
his wife to leave their two young children unattended while she drove him to a nearby business
establishment. When the Defendant exited the vehicle, the victim drove off without him. The
Defendant then stole a car and drove back to the victim’s home, where he retrieved his own vehicle
and fled.

       A Montgomery County grand jury returned an eight count indictment against the Defendant
charging him with the following: 1) aggravated burglary; 2) especially aggravated kidnapping; 3)
aggravated kidnapping; 4) aggravated assault—use of a weapon; 5) aggravated assault—assault
while under a restraining order; 6) reckless endangerment—four-year-old child; 7) reckless
endangerment—two-year-old child; and 8) carjacking. The Defendant was tried by a jury.

       Testimony at trial revealed that the Defendant and the victim were married and had two
children together, but had been separated since February of 2003 and were in the process of
becoming divorced. The victim had moved from Alabama to Arkansas, then to Texas, and finally
to Clarksville, Tennessee, all in an effort to distance herself from the Defendant. When the
Defendant showed up in Clarksville, the victim obtained an order of protection against him, which
was effective at the time the offenses in this case were committed.

        The Defendant took up residence in Nashville, where he roomed in a house with Mr. Gamarr
Jordan. A visitation agreement was established whereby the Defendant would pick up his two
children at the victim’s place of work in Nashville at 3:00 in the afternoon, and then drop them back
off at the same location when the victim got off work at midnight. This arrangement worked
successfully several times.

         On the afternoon of September 5, 2003, the Defendant picked up his two children, but did
not return them to the victim’s place of work later that night as planned. The victim placed several
calls to the Defendant’s cell phone, each time leaving messages. After about an hour, the victim left
a message that she was returning to her home in Clarksville, and that the Defendant should bring the
children to her. The Defendant called her back, and an arrangement was made by which the
Defendant would drop the children off at the victim’s front door and leave.

        Approximately thirty minutes after this conversation, at around 2:00 a.m. on September 6,
the victim heard a knock at her door. She looked out the peephole and saw her two children, but not
the Defendant. She opened the door, and as she did the Defendant rushed in and closed the door
behind him. The victim tried to prevent him from entering, but was unable to do so. The victim
began to yell, demanding that the Defendant leave. The Defendant told the children to go to bed,
and as soon as they closed the bedroom door he threw the victim onto the couch and put a dish rag
over her mouth. He then pulled a knife from his jacket pocket and put it to her throat.

        The Defendant told the victim that he no longer wanted to live, and that he wanted to “settle
this tonight,” and was “going to finish this tonight.” The victim took these statements as serious
threats and feared for her life. The Defendant continued to pin the victim down and held the knife
to her throat for fifteen to twenty minutes. The victim stated that she eventually realized that
continuing to scream would only “make things worse,” so she stopped yelling and began to “tell him


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everything [she] knew he wanted to hear.” The victim was then allowed to sit up and the two talked
on the couch until 5:00 that morning. Realizing that she had to find a way to get the Defendant out
of her apartment and away from her children, she concocted the story that there was no food in her
apartment for the children’s breakfast, and they would need to go purchase some. The Defendant
agreed that the two would leave together, but refused to allow the victim to take the children with
them.

        The victim drove herself and the Defendant to a nearby gas station, but because there was
a police car in the lot the Defendant forced her to drive to a different station. As the victim was
about to enter this second gas station, the Defendant “reminded” her of the kids back at her
apartment, which she interpreted as a threat that she should not report him to the authorities. The
victim then drove to a nearby laundry mat, and asked the Defendant to check the door to see if it was
open. When the Defendant stepped out of the car, the victim drove off and placed a call to 911 using
her cell phone. This call was recorded and played for the jury at trail. In this call, the victim
explained the events of the night and requested that the police come to her apartment. Several
minutes later, while she was sitting in her car near her apartment and still on the phone with the
emergency operator, she observed the Defendant drive up in a car, exit, and get into his own vehicle.
The victim drove off in her car, and the Defendant briefly followed the victim. He eventually turned
and started driving down a road that led to Nashville.

        The testimony at trial also revealed that after the victim left the Defendant in the laundry mat
parking lot and drove off, the Defendant crossed the street to a gas station and stole a vehicle. Ms.
Julie Green testified that she was standing between her car and its open driver’s side door when the
Defendant jumped in and drove off. The gas station attendant, who witnessed this event, called 911
to report the incident. Ms. Green’s car was later discovered in the parking lot by the victim’s
apartment.

         Officer Bobby Dickson of the Clarksville Police Department testified that he responded to
the 911 call the morning of September 6, 2003, and found the victim in a parking lot near her
apartment. He returned with the victim to her apartment where he recovered and logged into
evidence a dish rag and a steak knife. Officer Mark Wojnarek, of the Montgomery County Sheriff’s
Department, testified that he was familiar with the Defendant before this incident because he had
served the restraining order on the Defendant. He later recovered the Defendant’s vehicle in
Nashville and impounded it. The inventory search of this vehicle resulted in the discovery of a copy
of the restraining order against the Defendant, a copy of his divorce papers, a map of Clarksville, and
a greeting card addressed to the victim that said “forgive me” and was signed by the Defendant.

       Officer Wojnarek also instructed other officers with the sheriff’s office to contact the
Defendant’s roommate, Mr. Jordan. Mr. Jordan confirmed that the knife recovered in the victim’s
apartment belonged to him, and was part of a set he owned and kept in the house where the
Defendant resided. Officer Wojnarek also stated that after a high profile search that included media
exposure, the Defendant turned himself in and was arrested on September 10, 2003.



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       The Defendant elected not to testify at trial. The jury returned guilty verdicts on the
following offenses: 1) trespass of a habitation; 2) especially aggravated kidnapping; 3) aggravated
kidnapping; 4) aggravated assault; 5) aggravated assault; 6) reckless endangerment; 7) reckless
endangerment; and 8) theft of property over $1,000.

        At a sentencing hearing conducted in August of 2004, the trial court merged the aggravated
kidnapping and two aggravated assaults into the especially aggravated kidnapping conviction, and
also merged the two reckless endangerment convictions. The court then sentenced the Defendant
to concurrent terms of eleven months and twenty-nine days for the two misdemeanor convictions of
trespass and reckless endangerment; two years for the class D felony theft conviction; and twenty
years for the Class A felony especially aggravated kidnapping conviction.1 The Defendant filed a
motion for a new trial in August of 2004, raising only a sufficiency argument. The trial court issued
an order in November of 2004 denying a new trial, and the Defendant timely filed a notice of appeal.


                                           ANALYSIS
        The Defendant contends that the evidence was insufficient to convict him of especially
aggravated kidnapping. He admits that he possessed a knife, but asserts that he did not “use[] it to
hurt anybody.” Therefore, he argues, his conviction of especially aggravated kidnapping should be
“reduced to Aggravated Kidnapping” with an “eight (8) year, Range I sentence.” We disagree.

        Tennessee Rule of Appellate Procedure 13(e) prescribes that “[f]indings of guilt in criminal
actions whether by the trial court or jury shall be set aside if the evidence is insufficient to support
the findings by the trier of fact of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.” A convicted criminal defendant
who challenges the sufficiency of the evidence on appeal bears the burden of demonstrating why the
evidence is insufficient to support the verdict, because a verdict of guilt destroys the presumption
of innocence and imposes a presumption of guilt. See State v. Evans, 108 S.W.3d 231, 237 (Tenn.
2003); State v. Carruthers, 35 S.W.3d 516, 557-58 (Tenn. 2000); State v. Tuggle, 639 S.W.2d 913,
914 (Tenn. 1982). This Court must reject a convicted criminal defendant’s challenge to the
sufficiency of the evidence if, after considering the evidence in a light most favorable to the
prosecution, we determine that any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of
the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. See Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979); State v.
Hall, 8 S.W.3d 593, 599 (Tenn. 1999).

       On appeal, the State is entitled to the strongest legitimate view of the evidence and all
reasonable and legitimate inferences which may be drawn therefrom. See Carruthers, 35 S.W.3d at
558; Hall, 8 S.W.3d at 599. A guilty verdict by the trier of fact accredits the testimony of the State’s
witnesses and resolves all conflicts in the evidence in favor of the prosecution’s theory. See State
v. Bland, 958 S.W.2d 651, 659 (Tenn. 1997). Questions about the credibility of witnesses, the

         1
             Especially aggravated kidnapping requires service of 100% of the imposed sentence. See Tenn. Code Ann.
§ 40-35-501(i)(1), (2)(C).



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weight and value of the evidence, as well as all factual issues raised by the evidence are resolved by
the trier of fact, and this Court will not re-weigh or re-evaluate the evidence. See Evans, 108 S.W.3d
at 236; Bland, 958 S.W.2d at 659. Nor will this Court substitute its own inferences drawn from
circumstantial evidence for those drawn by the trier of fact. See Evans, 108 S.W.3d at 236-37;
Carruthers, 35 S.W.3d at 557.

        In order to convict the Defendant of especially aggravated kidnapping, as applicable in this
case, the State was required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the Defendant knowingly
removed or confined the victim unlawfully so as to substantially interfere with her liberty, and this
was “[a]ccomplished with a deadly weapon.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-305(a)(1). See also id. §
39-13-302. By contrast, the lesser crime of aggravated kidnapping is the unlawful restraint of a
victim “[w]hile the defendant is in possession of a deadly weapon or threatens the use of a deadly
weapon.” Id. § 39-13-304(a)(5). The Tennessee Sentencing Commission distinguished the requisite
deadly weapon elements of the two different crimes as follows:

       For example, during the kidnapping, if the defendant had a deadly weapon in his or
       her pocket but did not mention or use it, or if he or she did not have a deadly weapon
       in his or her possession, but threatened the victim with the use of a deadly weapon,
       the offense would be punishable as an aggravated kidnapping under [Tenn. Code
       Ann. § 39-13-304]. If the defendant actually used a deadly weapon or used
       something other than a deadly weapon but convinced the victim that it was a deadly
       weapon, the offense would be punishable as an especially aggravated kidnapping
       under § 39-13-305(a)(1).

Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-304, Sentencing Commission Comments (emphasis added).

         In this case, the evidence submitted at trial was sufficient for a rational trier of fact to
conclude that the victim was confined unlawfully so as to interfere substantially with her liberty, and
this was “accomplished with a deadly weapon.” The victim testified that the Defendant threw her
to the couch, pinned her down, and held a knife to her throat for fifteen to twenty minutes. It is well
settled law in Tennessee that “the testimony of a victim, by itself, is sufficient to support a
conviction.” State v. Strickland, 885 S.W.2d 85, 87 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1993). As already stated,
a jury’s guilty verdict accredits the testimony of the State’s witnesses and resolves all conflicts in
the evidence in favor of the prosecution’s theory. See Bland, 958 S.W.2d at 659. Moreover,
questions about the credibility of a witness and the weight and value of the evidence presented at
trial are issues that are resolved by the trier of fact, and this Court will not re-weigh or re-evaluate
this evidence. See Evans, 108 S.W.3d at 236. In this case, the jury obviously accredited the
testimony of the victim as to the events of the crime. Accordingly, the proof supports a finding that
the offense was accomplished with a deadly weapon.

       The Defendant admits that he had a knife with him, but maintains that he did not use it to
“hurt anybody.” The especially aggravated kidnapping statute does not require that a victim be
“hurt” with a deadly weapon, only that the kidnapping be “[a]ccomplished with a deadly weapon.”


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Tenn. Code Ann. §39-13-305(a)(1). Thus, the Defendant’s argument that the State failed to provide
sufficient evidence to convict him of especially aggravated kidnapping because he did not hurt
anyone with a deadly weapon is misplaced. This issue is without merit.

       The Defendant also states in his appellate brief that the elements of especially aggravated
kidnapping and aggravated kidnapping “are the same under the facts at hand,” and therefore to
convict him of the more serious crime with a longer presumptive sentence “is an Equal Protection
problem.” First, as already addressed above, the elements for especially aggravated kidnapping and
aggravated kidnapping are not the same. Second, we fail to follow the Defendant’s apparent
suggestion that his conviction violates his right to equal protection of the laws. Nonetheless, we
need not address this “argument” on the merits as we deem it to have been waived.

        The record reveals that the issue of an “Equal Protection problem” was never raised at trial.
This Court need not grant relief to a party who fails “to take whatever action was reasonably
available to prevent or nullify the harmful effect of an error.” See Tenn. R. App. P. 36(a).
Furthermore, it is well settled law that failure to raise an issue of error, other than sentencing or
sufficiency of evidence, in a motion for a new trial waives that issue for purposes of appellate
review. See Tenn. R. App. P. 3(e). Additionally, even if the equal protection issue had been
preserved for appellate review, because the Defendant failed to cite to any relevant legal authority
in support of his argument as required by our rules, the issue is also procedurally waived on this
ground. See Tenn. Ct. Crim. App. R. 10(b); Tenn. R. App. P. 27(a)(7).

                                      CONCLUSION
       Based on the foregoing reasoning and authorities, the judgments of the trial court are
affirmed.



                                                      ___________________________________
                                                      DAVID H. WELLES, JUDGE




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