                                COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


Present: Judges Kelsey, Haley and Senior Judge Bumgardner
Argued at Chesapeake, Virginia


JERMAINE LEVON LYONS
                                                              MEMORANDUM OPINION ∗ BY
v.      Record No. 2521-08-1                                  JUDGE JAMES W. HALEY, JR.
                                                                   FEBRUARY 9, 2010
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA


                    FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF HAMPTON
                                Christopher W. Hutton, Judge

                  Kimberly Enderson Hensley, Assistant Public Defender (Office of
                  the Public Defender, on brief), for appellant.

                  Alice T. Armstrong, Assistant Attorney General II (William C.
                  Mims, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.


                                         I. INTRODUCTION

        Code § 18.2-472.1(B) defines a criminal offense for “[a]ny person convicted of a

sexually violent offense . . . who knowingly fails to register or reregister [with the sexual

offender registry].” (Emphasis added). Jermaine Levon Lyons argues the evidence is

insufficient to show he possessed the emphasized mental state when he admittedly failed to

timely re-register. We affirm.

                                         II. BACKGROUND

        On September 24, 2002, Lyons was convicted of a sexual offense requiring him to

register with the sexual offender registry. He was required to re-register every ninety days from

his initial registration.




        ∗
            Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
       On March 21, 2007, the state police mailed Lyons a form to complete to fulfill his duty to

re-register. The letter was sent by certified mail, return receipt required. The form advised

Lyons the police had to receive it by April 14, 2007, for it to be timely filed. However, neither

Lyons, nor anyone else, signed for the certified mail package containing the form. The envelope

itself is marked by the postal service showing apparently three attempted deliveries. The postal

service returned the mail to the state police as unclaimed. Lyons did not return the form by the

due date. It is undisputed Lyons did not submit any re-registration form for the period one was

due in April 2007.

       As a result of this omission, a grand jury indicted Lyons for knowingly failing to

re-register. Lyons was tried by a circuit court on August 26, 2008.

       Trooper Michael Baker testified regarding Lyons’ failure to re-register in April 2007.

Part of that testimony led to the introduction, without objection, of an affidavit from Trooper

Baker containing documents related to Lyons’ history with the registry. Those documents reveal

Lyons had on several prior occasions received by certified mail re-registration forms, yet failed

to timely return them. 1 For instance, on April 17, 2006, the police mailed Lyons a re-registration

form that he signed for on April 22, 2006. Lyons did not return the form by its due date on April

29, 2006. On August 8, 2006, the police mailed Lyons another re-registration form that was

signed for by a person named Annette Jones on August 9, 2006. 2 Lyons did not return the form

by its due date of August 22, 2006. Finally, on September 28, 2006, the police mailed Lyons a

re-registration form that was again signed for by Jones on September 30, 2006. Lyons did not

timely submit the form.


       1
           Lyons’ address remained the same at all relevant times.
       2
        While the record does not indicate the relationship of Jones to Lyons, she apparently
had access to him as she was able to obtain the certified mail. Additionally, Jones signed for a
form on December 28, 2006, that Lyons signed the following day.
                                                -2-
        Lyons testified he never received the form sent by the state police for the April 2007

re-registration. He stated that since he had expected it, he called Trooper Baker and left a

voicemail. Lyons indicated Trooper Baker returned the call, but Lyons was unavailable. Earlier,

Trooper Baker had testified in response to defense questioning that he did not recall receiving a

phone call from Lyons about the April re-registration, though he did remember speaking with

Lyons about the registry in general (and possibly including the April incident). Lyons admitted

he knew he had to re-register every ninety days and knew this included an April 2007

re-registration. 3

        At the conclusion of the evidence, the court found Lyons guilty, holding: “I do find that

the Commonwealth has met its burden in proving this charge and I find him guilty of the

charge.”

                                           III. ANALYSIS

        On appeal, we view “the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, the

prevailing party in the circuit court, and we accord the Commonwealth the benefit of all

reasonable inferences deducible from the evidence.” Britt v. Commonwealth, 276 Va. 569, 573,

667 S.E.2d 763, 765 (2008). We will affirm the trial court unless its judgment “is plainly wrong

or without evidentiary support.” Jones v. Commonwealth, 277 Va. 171, 182, 670 S.E.2d 727,

734 (2009).




        3
            Lyons testified:

                          Normally the letter comes every ninety days. It comes . . .
                  in the second or third week of that month. And if I don’t receive it
                  by then, I call the trooper’s office and ask them if they can check
                  to see when my letter is due or when it needs to be sent out
                  because I haven’t received it yet. On the April occasion I called
                  Trooper Baker and I didn’t get . . . no answer from him. So . . . I
                  left a voicemail . . . on his cell phone.
                                                       -3-
       In this case, Lyons acknowledges he knew of his duty to re-register for the April 2007

period and failed to perform that duty. 4 Lyons argues he did not knowingly violate the statute

since (according to his testimony) he did not receive his re-registration form in the mail and

sought to contact Trooper Baker when it did not arrive. Thus, on brief, Lyons maintains he “did

not fail to register intentionally.” (Emphasis added).

       However, the trial court could conclude, on these facts, that Lyons’ failure to re-register

was intentional. 5 On several prior occasions, when the state police sent and Lyons received by

certified mail re-registration material, Lyons failed to return it by the due date. These failures

include the mailings sent in April 2006, August 2006, and September 2006. While Lyons

testified he never received the form sent in March 2007 for the April 2007 re-registration date

and attempted to contact the police about it, the fact finder could reject this testimony as

unworthy of belief in light of the other evidence. 6 See Phan v. Commonwealth, 258 Va. 506,

511, 521 S.E.2d 282, 284 (1999).

       For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

                                                                                           Affirmed.




       4
        There is no issue in this appeal that a re-registration period did, in fact, come due in
April 2007. On brief, Lyons concedes he “did miss one [re-]registration date.”
       5
       We express no opinion on whether an act must be done intentionally in order to be done
knowingly.
       6
          There is no doubt Lyons did not receive the actual form for the April re-registration
since the post office returned the certified mail as unclaimed. However, the trial court could find
Lyons simply failed to claim it since he had received the form at his address on other occasions
and in light of his history with the registry.
                                                  -4-
