[Cite as Young v. Eich, 2012-Ohio-1687.]
                           STATE OF OHIO, MAHONING COUNTY

                                 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                                       SEVENTH DISTRICT


DORIS YOUNG, k.n.a. DORIS CLARK )                 CASE NO. 10 MA 191
                                 )
     PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT         )
                                 )
VS.                              )                OPINION
                                 )
FRANK EICH, d.b.a. SOUTHSIDE     )
AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE, INC., et al. )
                                 )
     DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES        )

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS:                         Civil Appeal from the Court of Common
                                                  Pleas of Mahoning County, Ohio
                                                  Case No. 06 CV 120

JUDGMENT:                                         Affirmed.

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellant:                          Atty. Matthew C. Giannini
                                                  10404 South Commons Place
                                                  Suite 200
                                                  Youngstown, Ohio 44514

For Defendant-Appellee, SES, Inc.:                Atty. Thomas N. Michaels
                                                  839 Southwestern Run
                                                  Youngstown, Ohio 44514

JUDGES:

Hon. Cheryl L. Waite
Hon. Gene Donofrio
Hon. Joseph J. Vukovich
                                                  Dated: March 28, 2012
[Cite as Young v. Eich, 2012-Ohio-1687.]
WAITE, P.J.



                                           Summary

        {¶1}    Appellant’s single assignment of error challenges the trial court’s

decision to grant summary judgment resulting in dismissal of her claim for damages

for the disposal of a motor vehicle. Appellant alleges she is the owner of a motor

vehicle that was towed from the premises of a repair garage at the request of the

garage owner. The vehicle was later destroyed as allowed by statute. Nearly a year

after the vehicle was destroyed, Appellant sued the owner of the garage and the

towing company for the conversion of the vehicle. The garage owner was dismissed

from the lawsuit.        The towing company sought summary judgment, producing

evidence that it acted on the instructions of the Youngtown Police Department and

disposed of the vehicle only after providing notice to the holder of the car’s title. The

title holder identified by the police department was not Appellant.        In response,

Appellant produced no evidence that she had any legal interest in the vehicle.

Appellant failed to satisfy the elements of her conversion claim because she failed to

prove she owned the property. Summary judgment was appropriate and the decision

of the trial court is affirmed.

                                Factual and Procedural History

        {¶2}    On January 1, 2011 Appellant, Doris Young, also known as Doris Clark,

filed a complaint in Mahoning County Common Pleas Court seeking $2,500.00 in

actual damages and $1,000.00 in punitive damages against Southside Automotive

Services, Inc. (“Southside Auto”), and Ludt’s Towing due to the alleged conversion of
                                                                                   -2-

a 1993 Cadillac DeVille. At some point prior to May 26, 2004 Appellant alleges she

“entrusted her motor vehicle, a 1993 Cadillac DeVille, to Defendant FRANK EICH,

d.b.a. SOUTHSIDE AUTOMOTIVE SERVICES, INC., for the performance of repairs

and/or services by said facility.” (Compl., ¶3.) Appellant further alleged that on or

about May 26, 2004 Southside Auto transferred her vehicle to Ludt’s towing without

her knowledge or consent and that the two entities conspired to transfer ownership of

her vehicle for value to an unknown third party.           Appellant claimed that she

demanded the return of her property and was denied.             No document or other

evidence was attached to or filed with the complaint. The complaint itself was filed

approximately one year and seven months after the alleged wrong appears to have

been discovered. Although both defendants were served, only Southside Auto filed a

timely answer. Southside Auto denied all allegations in the complaint. Mediation

was ordered in February and held in August, 2008. Appellant and Southside Auto

both appeared and agreed to settle their respective claims. Appellant then sought

default judgment against Ludt’s Towing, who was not present at mediation and was

still in default of answer at that time. (8/27/08 Mediation Report.)

       {¶3}   Appellant filed her motion for default judgment against Ludt’s Towing on

August 29, 2008, now requesting $10,000.00 in compensatory damages, $10,000.00

in punitive damages and $1,000.00 in economic loss damages, together with interest,

costs, and attorney fees.      Appellant’s motion was granted as to liability in a

magistrate’s decision on September 16, 2008, which set the damages issue for

hearing on October 23, 2008.        The court adopted the magistrate’s decision on

October 20, 2008. On October 22, 2008 Ludt’s towing simultaneously filed a motion
                                                                                    -3-

for relief from judgment, and motions seeking to continue the hearing and to vacate

the magistrate’s decision. SES Inc., which does business under the registered trade

name Ludt’s Towing, argued that the magistrate’s decision was entered against a

fictional entity and therefore void, and that it was entitled to relief because the

decision granting default judgment had not been served on the party, but instead was

filed on an attorney who had not entered an appearance in the matter.

         {¶4}   SES, Inc. further alleged it had a meritorious defense to present based

on its compliance with the statutory procedure for the removal of abandoned

property, the fact that SES, Inc. was not properly identified in the complaint, and

Appellant’s failure to join the Youngstown Police Department (“YPD”), a necessary

party.

         {¶5}   SES further explained that although it had received the complaint

despite its inaccuracies and had forwarded it to counsel, no appearance had been

entered and the entity had only recently become aware of the lawsuit/judgment.

         {¶6}   SES attached to the motion the affidavit of Scott Aey, who identified

himself as the secretary of SES, Inc., doing business as Ludt’s Towing. Mr. Aey

averred that Ludt’s Towing was contacted by YPD and instructed to remove a

vehicle. The affiant explained that Ludt’s Towing requested and received the name

and address of the owner of the vehicle, mailed notice of the removal to the address

provided by YPD, and received no contact from the owner to make arrangements to

pick up the vehicle and to pay the storage fees. (Aey Aff., ¶6-8.) Because it received

no response from the owner identified by YPD, Ludt’s Towing obtained an affidavit
                                                                                  -4-

and necessary documents from YPD and proceeded with the disposal of the vehicle.

(Aey Aff., ¶9.)

       {¶7}   On May 26, 2009, pending ruling on the motion for relief from judgment,

Appellant sought leave to amend her complaint to increase her claim for damages to

$15,000.00 and filed her response to the motions for relief from judgment and to

vacate judgment. Judgment was vacated and Ludt’s Towing was given leave to

answer; Appellant was granted leave to amend her complaint.          Ludt’s Towing’s

answer contained general denials and several affirmative defenses. The matter was

again set for mediation. Appellant refused to appear at mediation on January 5,

2010; the mediator recommended sanctions.

       {¶8}   On March 22, 2010 Appellee requested and received leave to file for

summary judgment instanter.       Appellee’s motion for summary judgment was

supported by the affidavit of Suzanne Aey Tyler, the president of Ludt’s Towing.

Thomas Michaels, counsel for Appellee, signed, but did not date the notary

certification. Ms. Tyler averred that Ludt’s Towing was instructed on March 10, 2004

by the YPD to remove a 1993 Cadillac Sedan DeVille, License #CBL2154 from the

premises of 3009 Glenwood Ave., Youngstown, Ohio. The affiant, on behalf of the

towing company, received a vehicle report from YPD. It listed the owner of the

vehicle as Eddie Young and provided an address for Mr. Young. The vehicle report

dated May, 26, 2004 is exhibit 1 attached to the affidavit. The report indicates that

YPD estimated the value of the vehicle at $200.00; that the keys were not in the

owner’s possession, that neither title nor registration were in the car; and that the

driveability of the vehicle was unknown. (Tyler Aff. Exh. 1, pp. 1-2.) The narrative
                                                                                        -5-

portion of the vehicle report indicates the vehicle was impounded and towed at the

request of Frank Eich, the initial co-defendant who settled after the first mediation.

Mr. Eich, the owner of Southside Automotive:

              {¶9}   advised that the vehicle was left at his business a

              few weeks ago for repair * * * he contacted Young, Doris,

              who had dropped the auto off to be repaired, and advised

              her that he was not willing to repair the auto due to the

              nature of the problem. Young was supposed to come and

              retreive [sic] the auto but as of [May 26, 2004] has not done

              so. Eich asked that the auto be towed from his property.

              The vehicle was towed to/by Ludt’s with a hold for

              safekeeping. (Tyler Aff. Exh. 1, p. 2.)

       {¶10} According to the affiant, Ludt’s Towing then sent notice via certified mail

to Eddie Young, the title holder identified by the report, at the address provided by

YPD. Copies of the notice and certified mail receipt are exhibits 2 and 3 to the

affidavit. The notice indicates the vehicle had been “HELD BY ADDRESSEE SINCE

5/26/04” and lists current charges of $195.00 as of June 25, 2004. Although the

affiant indicates that the notice includes the information that the vehicle in storage will

be sold if it is not retrieved by a certain date, the notice actually reads “[addressee]

WILL SELL VEHICLE ABOVE AT___________ON_______” nothing in the notice

suggests that the recipient can stop the sale and no date or location is provided. The

certified mailer was returned to Ludt’s Towing unclaimed. (Tyler Aff., ¶7.)
                                                                                  -6-

      {¶11} According to the affiant, YPD executed an unclaimed and abandoned

junk motor vehicle affidavit on August 1, 2004. The vehicle was released to Ludt’s

Towing on August 16, 2004 for disposal. Ludt’s Towing disposed of the vehicle on

August 20, 2004. (Tyler Aff., ¶11-14.) The signature of the notary on the copy of the

junk motor vehicle affidavit from Officer Kelly Koenig of YPD offered in support of

Appellee’s motion for summary judgment reflects that the affidavit was executed on

August 19, 2004, not August 1, 2004. There is nothing else attached to the affidavit

that supports or contradicts the timeline for disposal described by the affiant.

According to the affidavit, the first contact Ludt’s Towing received concerning the

vehicle from anyone other than YPD was a letter dated March 9, 2005 from Attorney

Matthew C. Giannini, writing on behalf of a Doris Clark. (Tyler Aff., Exh. 5.) Ludt’s

Towing was never contacted by Eddie Young, the title holder according to YPD.

      {¶12} On July 26, 2010 the magistrate granted Appellee’s summary judgment

motion.   At the time of the magistrate’s decision Appellant had not yet filed her

response in opposition to the motion. On July 27, 2010, Appellant filed an untimely

response in opposition to Appellee’s motion for summary judgment in conjunction

with a motion for leave to respond instanter. Neither Appellant’s memorandum in

opposition nor the certificate of service were signed by counsel.          A blank,

unexecuted, unnotarized affidavit was also attached to the unsigned motion. The

memorandum made no reference to the blank affidavit and no other evidence of any

kind was offered in support.    On July 28, 2010 Appellee filed in opposition to

Appellant’s motion for leave to file her motion instanter. No other documents were

filed by either party between July 28, 2010 and August 24, 2010, when the
                                                                                     -7-

magistrate vacated his July 26, 2010 decision that granted summary judgment,

stating: “The Order granting Defendant, SES, Inc., d.b.a., Ludt’s Towing, summary

judgment on the Complaint is hereby vacated nunc pro tunc. While Plaintiff had

requested and been permitted to file for leave to respond to Plaintiff’s Motion this was

inadvertently overlooked prior to its adjudication on July 26, 2010.” (8/24/10 Mag.

Dec.) The trial court had not adopted or rejected the summary judgment motion at

this point.   The magistrate reset summary judgment for a non-oral hearing on

September 23, 2010.

       {¶13} Appellee filed a response to Appellant’s memorandum in opposition to

summary judgment on September 20, 2010.           Appellant filed nothing prior to the

magistrate’s November 2, 2010 decision that granted Appellee summary judgment.

Appellant did file timely objections to the magistrate’s decision on November 16,

2010, arguing that she had made demands of Eich for the return of the vehicle, that a

“judicial adjudication” was required prior to the destruction of her personal property

and that the issue of liability was a question for a jury. In support of her objections,

for the first time, Appellant filed an affidavit stating that she owned the vehicle,

asserting lack of notice from either defendant concerning the abandonment of the

vehicle.   Although Appellant claimed ownership, no title or other evidence was

attached to or filed with the affidavit. Appellee responded to Appellant’s objections

and filed a motion to strike the affidavit.    On December 8, 2010 the trial court

overruled Appellant’s objections and adopted the magistrate’s November 2, 2010

decision granting Appellee summary judgment without ruling on Appellee’s motion to

strike. Costs were taxed to defendant.
                                                                                  -8-

       {¶14} Appellant filed her timely appeal on December 30, 2010.

                                  Argument and Law

                              ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

              {¶15} The Trial Court Erred in Granting Summary

              Judgment to Appellee/defendant, SES, INC., d.b.a. Ludt’s

              Towing, Given the Existence of Issues of Fact Including

              Whether or Not Appellant’s Motor Vehicle Constituted an

              “Abandoned Junk Motor Vehicle” as Defined by ORC

              4513.63 and/or “Public Nuisance” as Defined by Ohio Law.

       {¶16} In Appellant’s single assignment of error she argues that there were

issues of fact concerning whether the Cadillac DeVille was an “abandoned junk motor

vehicle” as defined by R.C. 4513.63, or a public nuisance as defined by Ohio law,

that could not be resolved at summary judgment and required submission to a jury.

As a preliminary matter, Appellant also argues that Appellee’s motion to strike her

affidavit should have been denied. However, the trial court mentioned, but did not

explicitly rule on Appellee’s motion to strike when it entered judgment. Under Ohio

law, “when the trial court enters judgment without expressly determining a pending

motion, the motion is * * * impliedly overruled.” Portofe v. Portofe, 153 Ohio App.3d

207, 2003-Ohio-3469, 792 N.E.2d 742, ¶16. Thus, the record reflects that the trial

court implicitly did deny Appellee’s motion to strike.

       {¶17} In her argument, Appellant raises two sub issues. She claims that: (1)

a determination under R.C. 4513.63 cannot be made on or at summary judgment and

(2) Appellee’s compliance with instructions from YPD create liability for conversion.
                                                                                    -9-

Because the only evidence before the court at the time summary judgment was

granted was that someone other than Appellant held title to the vehicle, that certified

mail notice was sent to the title holder’s address, and that the title holder failed to

respond to the certified notice, Appellant failed to satisfy the elements of conversion

and summary judgment was appropriate in this matter.

      {¶18} When reviewing a motion for summary judgment, an appellate court

reviews the judgment independently without deference to the trial court's decision.

Bell v. Horton, 113 Ohio App.3d 363, 365, 680 N.E.2d 1272, 1273-1274 (1996).

      {¶19} Civil Rule 56(C) states:

             {¶20} Summary judgment shall be rendered forthwith if the

             pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, written

             admissions, affidavits, transcripts of evidence, and written

             stipulations of fact, if any, timely filed in the action, show

             that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and

             that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of

             law. * * * A summary judgment shall not be rendered unless

             it appears from the evidence or stipulation, and only from

             the evidence or stipulation, that reasonable minds can

             come to but one conclusion and that conclusion is adverse

             to the party against whom the motion for summary

             judgment is made, that party being entitled to have the

             evidence or stipulation construed most strongly in the

             party's favor.
                                                                                   -10-

In addition, summary judgment under Civ.R. 56 is proper where:

             {¶21} “(1) [n]o genuine issue as to any material fact

             remains to be litigated; (2) the moving party is entitled to

             judgment as a matter of law; and (3) it appears from the

             evidence that reasonable minds can come to but one

             conclusion, and viewing such evidence most strongly in

             favor of the party against whom the motion for summary

             judgment is made, that conclusion is adverse to that party.”

             Welco Industries, Inc. v. Applied Cos. (1993), 67 Ohio

             St.3d 344, 346, 617 N.E.2d 1129, 1132, quoting Temple v.

             Wean United, Inc. (1977), 50 Ohio St.2d 317, 327, 4

             O.O.3d 466, 472, 364 N.E.2d 267, 274.

      {¶22} In this matter the magistrate’s initial decision granting summary

judgment was never adopted by the trial court pursuant to Civ.R. 53(D)(4)(a), and as

such was not effective as a final appealable order when the magistrate decided to

vacate it nunc pro tunc. A magistrate’s decision prior to trial court adoption has no

real effect and is akin to an interlocutory order that may be modified prior to a ruling

by the court. See Yantek v. Coachy Builders Ltd., Inc., 1st Dist. No. C-060601, 2007-

Ohio-5126, ¶19.

      {¶23} Appellant filed her complaint in tort seeking damages for conversion.

Pursuant to R.C. 2305.09, there is a four year statute of limitations on conversion

actions. Appellant’s complaint was timely. “‘Conversion is an exercise of dominion

or control wrongfully exerted over property in denial of or under a claim inconsistent
                                                                                     -11-

with the rights of another. Typically, “[t]he elements of a conversion cause of action

are (1) plaintiff’s ownership or right to possession of the property at the time of the

conversion; (2) defendant’s conversion by a wrongful act or disposition of plaintiff’s

property rights; and (3) damages.”’” Keybank Natl. Assoc. v. Guarnieri & Secrest,

P.L.L., 7th Dist. No. 07 CO 46, 2008-Ohio-6362, ¶15; quoting Haul Transport of VA,

Inc. v. Morgan, Montgomery App. No. 14859 (2nd Dist.1995). Where a party alleges

the unlawful retention of property, the party must establish that “(1) he or she

demanded the return of the property from the possessor after the possessor exerted

dominion or control over the property, and (2) that the possessor refused to deliver

the property to its rightful owner.” Winland v. Winland, 7th Dist. No. 04 BE 20, 2005-

Ohio-1339, ¶11. The measure of damages in a conversion action is the value of the

converted property at the time it was converted.          Brumm v. McDonald & Co.

Securities, Inc., 78 Ohio App.3d 96, 104, 603 N.E.2d 1141 (1992).

       {¶24} In a summary judgment action, a court may consider all “pleadings,

depositions, answers to interrogatories, written admissions, affidavits, transcripts of

evidence, and written stipulations of fact, if any, timely filed in the action.” If, after

review, the evidence demonstrates “that there is no genuine issue as to any material

fact” the moving party may be “entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Civ.R. 56(C).

In the matter at bar, neither the magistrate’s decision nor the final judgment entry

contained an explanation of the trial court’s decision. On review, both at the time of

the initial hearing, and at the time of the rescheduled hearing on Appellee’s summary

judgment motion, Appellant offered no deposition, answer to interrogatory,

admission, affidavit, transcript of evidence or stipulation in support of her claim. On
                                                                                   -12-

the other hand, Appellee filed a motion supported by affidavit and documentary

evidence establishing that a person named Eddie Young, not Appellant, was the

owner of the vehicle, that Appellee had received instructions for removal, had

removed and stored the vehicle for a period of months, had provided notice in the

form of certified mail to the address of the title holder identified by YPD, had then in

the absence of a response from the title holder and on the instructions of YPD,

proceeded to dispose of the vehicle. The material attached to Appellee’s affidavit

does not appear to have been authenticated:            the documents are not self-

authenticating nor does the affidavit contain the information necessary to introduce

business records. This Court is nevertheless entitled to consider otherwise improper

material where neither party objects. No objection was raised here. Rosenow v.

Shutrump & Assoc., 163 Ohio App.3d 500, 2005-Ohio-5313, 839 N.E.2d 82, ¶5 (7th

Dist.)

         {¶25} In the absence of any evidence properly before the court contradicting

the assertions contained in Appellee’s motion and the affidavit offered in support,

there are no genuine issues of material fact to be resolved.        Appellant failed to

produce any evidence of ownership, failed to produce evidence of Appellee’s alleged

wrongdoing, and failed to produce any evidence supporting the damages alleged in

the complaint. She filed a self-serving affidavit after summary judgment was granted

but with no evidentiary material attached.       Because Appellant failed to prove

ownership the issues of compliance with the statute and personal liability are moot.

Even if Appellant were to somehow prove she was the owner, it appears that the

defendant in this instance would be YPD, who ordered each step leading up to and
                                                                                 -13-

including the ultimate disposal of the vehicle. We note, however, that any action

against YPD may nevertheless be barred by the immunity of a political subdivision

pursuant to R.C. 2744.02, in addition to the statute of limitations.

                                      Conclusion

       {¶26} Appellee’s uncontradicted evidence was sufficient to support summary

judgment. The issue of the validity of the statutory process and possible liability of

private parties for the destruction of property pursuant to statute cannot be

established from this record. The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.


Donofrio, J., concurs.

Vukovich, J., concurs.
