                                                  NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 ___________

                                       No. 15-2486
                                       ___________

                                  RONALD BASS, SR.,
                                                Appellant

                                             v.

       THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY; DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND
   FAMILIES; THE DIVISION OF CHILD PROTECTION AND PERMANENCY;
         LAURA DAVIS, Head Supervisor of DYFS; ANNDRIA CALWELL,
Supervisor, Family Specialist II; LASHONDA DRAKE, Case Worker, Family Services
  Specialist II; JOHN and/or Jane Doe 1-20, fictitiously named and as yet unidentified
 agents, servants and/or employees of the STATE OF NEW JERSEY, THEN KNOWN
AS THE DEPARTMENT OF YOUTH AND FAMILY SERVICES “the defendants”, in
        addition to DCF and CP&P; ERIC KIRSCHNER, Forensic Psychologist;
   GWENDOLYN O. AUSTIN; DONALD O. EGBUCHULAM; CHILDREN AID
  FAMILY SERVICES, ET AL.; ERIC MEEHAN, DAG, for the State of New Jersey
                      ____________________________________

                     On Appeal from the United States District Court
                              for the District of New Jersey
                               (D.N.J. No. 2-14-cv-05006)
                       District Judge: Honorable Jose L. Linares
                      ____________________________________

                   Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                   May 13, 2016
          Before: JORDAN, BARRY and VAN ANTWERPEN, Circuit Judges

                                  (Filed: May 13, 2016)
                                       ___________

                                        OPINION*
                                       ___________

*
 This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
PER CURIAM

       Ronald Bass, Sr., appeals from the order of the District Court dismissing his

amended complaint for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. We will affirm in part, vacate

in part, and remand for further proceedings.

                                               I.

       This lawsuit is related to a New Jersey state-court proceeding that resulted in the

termination of Bass’s parental rights regarding his son, who was referred to in the state-

court action as N.R.B. The Appellate Division of the New Jersey Superior Court

affirmed that ruling, and the New Jersey Supreme Court denied certification. See N.J.

Div. of Child Prot. & Permanency v. R.B., No. FG-07-92-11, 2014 WL 775314 (N.J.

Super. Ct. App. Div. Feb. 28, 2014), certification denied, 94 A.3d 910 (N.J. 2014). It

does not appear that Bass filed a petition for a writ of certiorari to the United States

Supreme Court.

       Instead, and approximately two months after the New Jersey Supreme Court’s

ruling, Bass filed pro se the federal complaint at issue here. (He amended his complaint

three days later to correct typographical errors but has not amended it substantively.)

Bass named as defendants the State of New Jersey and certain of its agencies and

employees (collectively, the “State Defendants”), a psychologist who testified during the

parental-rights hearing, the lawyer who represented Bass during that hearing, and another

lawyer apparently involved in that hearing. The identities and roles of some of the

                                               2
defendants are not immediately apparent from Bass’s amended complaint. His amended

complaint also is otherwise difficult to follow, and he did not set forth any discrete causes

of action.

       As a general matter, however, Bass’s claims appear to be of two kinds. First, Bass

alleged that the state-court proceeding was wrongly decided for a number of reasons. He

further alleged that the state-court ruling has injured him by depriving him of his parental

rights and the ability to obtain state and federal benefits for his son. Second, Bass alleged

that various defendants committed misconduct before and during his termination

proceeding, including by submitting fraudulent and misleading evidence, and that all

defendants conspired to deprive him of his parental rights. For relief, Bass requested

monetary damages and “companionship with my son.”

       The State Defendants and one other defendant filed motions to dismiss the

amended complaint. Both argued that Bass failed to state a claim, and the State

Defendants also argued that his amended complaint is barred in part by the Rooker-

Feldman doctrine. See Rooker v. Fid. Trust Co., 263 U.S. 413 (1923); D.C. Ct. App. v.

Feldman, 460 U.S. 462 (1983). The defendant psychologist, Eric Kirschner, answered

the amended complaint and asserted cross-claims for contribution and indemnity against

the other defendants. The lawyer defendants, Gwendolyn Austin and Donald

Egbuchalam, did not respond to Bass’s amended complaint. On Bass’s motion, the

District Court Clerk entered default against them, and Bass then filed a motion for the


                                              3
entry of a default judgment. He also previously filed a motion for a preliminary

injunction.

       While these motions were pending, the District Court entered an order dismissing

Bass’s complaint for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. The District Court characterized

its order as addressing the issue of jurisdiction sua sponte, and it concluded that it lacks

federal question jurisdiction both because Bass did not state any claim arising under

federal law and because his amended complaint is barred by the Rooker-Feldman

doctrine. Bass appeals.1

                                              II.

       We agree that Bass’s amended complaint is barred in large part by the Rooker-

Feldman doctrine.2 The Rooker-Feldman doctrine is a narrow one that deprives District

Courts of subject matter jurisdiction only when “(1) the federal plaintiff lost in state

court; (2) the plaintiff ‘complain[s] of injuries caused by the [the] state-court’s


1
  The District Court did not specifically dispose of Kirchner’s cross-claims, but it
effectively did so by dismissing the action in its entirety for lack of jurisdiction. Cf.
Owens. v. Aetna Life & Cas. Co., 654 F.2d 218, 220 n.2 (3d Cir. 1981) (holding that
mere grant of summary judgment for defendant on plaintiff’s claim did not resolve that
defendant’s crossclaim against another defendant). Thus, we have jurisdiction under 28
U.S.C. § 1291. “We exercise de novo review over questions of subject matter
jurisdiction.” Great W. Mining & Mineral Co. v. Fox Rothschild LLP, 615 F.3d 159, 163
(3d Cir. 2010).
2
 The District Court did not give Bass notice and an opportunity to respond before
entering what it referred to as its sua sponte order to this effect, but the State Defendant’s
motion to dismiss put Bass on notice of the Rooker-Feldman issue, Bass had the
opportunity to respond, and he has addressed this issue on appeal.

                                              4
judgments’; (3) those judgments were rendered before the federal suit was filed; and (4)

the plaintiff is inviting the district court to review and reject the state judgments.” Great

W. Mining & Mineral Co., 615 F.3d at 166 (quoting Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic

Indus. Corp., 544 U.S. 280, 284 (2005)).

       All of these requirements are satisfied to the extent that Bass complains of the loss

of his parental rights and his ability to seek benefits for his son. Bass lost his parental

rights in state court before filing his federal suit, and his alleged injuries in this regard

flow from the state-court judgment. See id. at 166-67. Awarding relief in this regard

also would require the District Court to invalidate the state-court’s judgment.3

       These requirements, however, are not satisfied to the extent that Bass raises

independent claims regarding defendants’ alleged misconduct preceding and allegedly

resulting in the state-court judgment. See B.S. v. Somerset County, 704 F.3d 250, 260

(3d Cir. 2013); Great W. Mining & Mineral Co., 615 F.3d at 171-73. Although his

allegations in this regard are not models of clarity, Bass’s amended complaint can be

liberally construed to allege, inter alia, that defendants conspired to deprive him of due

process by submitting fraudulent or misleading evidence. The Rooker-Feldman doctrine


3
  Bass’s brief on appeal leaves no doubt on this point. Bass states that he is “appealing”
the New Jersey Supreme Court’s denial of certification and that “only the Third Circuit
Court of Appeals, can reverse [the applicable] New Jersey Supreme Court Docket
Numbers.” (Appellant’s Br. at 2.) Bass also argues that the Rooker-Feldman doctrine
permits this Court to “reverse or modify a state-court judgment.” (Id. at 6.) Bass is
incorrect because the only way to seek appellate review of the New Jersey Supreme
Court’s decision was to file a petition for a writ of certiorari with the United States
Supreme Court. See Exxon Mobil Corp., 544 U.S. at 291-92; 28 U.S.C. § 1257.
                                                5
does not bar those claims. See B.S., 704 F.3d at 260; Great W. Mining & Mineral Co.,

615 F.3d at 171-73.

       Neither does the other jurisdictional ground on which the District Court relied.

The District Court concluded that it lacked federal question jurisdiction because, although

Bass cited various federal laws, he did not actually state a claim arising under any of

those federal laws. But among the federal laws Bass cited were several constitutional

provisions and 42 U.S.C. § 1983, which permits the assertion of constitutional claims

against certain state actors. In the absence of a determination that Bass’s claims in this

regard were “wholly insubstantial and frivolous,” which the District Court did not make,

“the failure to state a proper cause of action calls for a judgment on the merits and not for

a dismissal for want of jurisdiction.” Shapiro v. McManus, 136 S. Ct. 450, 455-56

(2015) (quotation marks omitted). And plaintiffs who fail to state a proper cause of

action generally must be given leave to amend before a dismissal on the merits. See

Phillips v. County of Allegheny, 515 F.3d 224, 245-46 (3d Cir. 2008).

       Thus, whether Bass’s amended complaint actually states a federal claim calls for a

determination on the merits and consideration of leave to amend. The District Court did

not expressly attempt to identify Bass’s claims or explain why they failed to state a claim

on the merits. We acknowledge that Bass’s claims in this regard are largely conclusory

and may suffer from other defects as well. Given the importance of the rights potentially

at issue and Bass’s pro se status, however, we believe that further consideration is

warranted. Thus, we will vacate the District Court’s order of dismissal to the extent that
                                              6
it dismissed Bass’s claims regarding defendants’ alleged conduct occurring before the

termination of his parental rights, and we will remand for the District Court to consider

those claims and the possibility of amendment in the first instance.

       We reiterate that we are affirming the District Court’s dismissal of the amended

complaint to the extent that Bass seeks relief from the termination of his parental rights

and his inability to seek state and federal benefits for his son. Bass is advised that the

District Court, as part of this proceeding, cannot restore his parental rights or award him

damages based solely on the loss of those rights.

                                             III.

       For these reasons, we will affirm in part and vacate in part the judgment of the

District Court and will remand for further proceedings. Bass’s requests for relief in his

briefs are otherwise denied.4




4
  Bass requests that we remand this matter to a District Court location other than Newark,
New Jersey. Bass has not shown any basis for the reassignment on remand, and we
perceive none. Bass also requests appointment of counsel on appeal. Bass did not file an
actual motion for counsel, and appointment of counsel on appeal is not warranted. Bass
did file a motion for counsel in the District Court, and a Magistrate Judge denied it. Bass
states in his brief that he is appealing that ruling, but he did not seek reconsideration of
that ruling by the District Court, did not mention it in his notice of appeal, and has not
raised any actual argument regarding counsel in his briefs. Nevertheless, we perceive no
abuse of discretion in the denial of Bass’s motion for counsel at this stage of the
litigation. See Tabron v. Grace, 6 F.3d 147, 155-57 (3d Cir. 1993).
                                              7
