                                  Fourth Court of Appeals
                                           San Antonio, Texas
                                     MEMORANDUM OPINION

                                               No. 04-18-00296-CV

                                  IN THE INTEREST OF I. J. P., a Child

                       From the 37th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas
                                    Trial Court No. 2017-PA-00001
                             Honorable Martha B. Tanner, Judge Presiding

Opinion by:       Irene Rios, Justice

Sitting:          Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice
                  Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice
                  Irene Rios, Justice

Delivered and Filed: October 17, 2018

AFFIRMED

           Appellant Mother and appellant Father separately appeal the trial court’s order terminating

their parental rights to their child, I.J.P. 1 The only issue presented by Mother is whether the

evidence is legally and factually sufficient to support the trial court’s finding that termination was

in the child’s best interest. Father also challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting that

the termination of his parental rights was in the child’s best interest. Additionally, Father contends

the trial court erred by granting the intervenors’ motion for reconsideration. We affirm the trial

court’s order.




1
 To protect the identity of a minor child in an appeal from an order terminating parental rights, we refer to the parents
as “Mother” and “Father” and the child by its initials. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 109.002(d); TEX. R. APP. P.
9.8(b)(2).
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                                                BACKGROUND

           On January 3, 2017, the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services

(“Department”) filed its original petition to terminate parental rights. In the supporting affidavit,

Department caseworker Robert Maulden states the Department received a referral on December

30, 2016, alleging that Mother tested positive for amphetamines at the time of I.J.P.’s birth.

According to the affidavit, I.J.P. also tested positive for the presence of amphetamines shortly after

his birth. Maulden interviewed Mother on December 30, 2016, at which time Mother admitted to

using methamphetamine during her pregnancy with I.J.P. Specifically, Mother admitted to a six-

month history of methamphetamine use and indicated she used methamphetamine three days prior

to giving birth.

           Although Mother’s husband is listed as the presumed father in the Department’s

paperwork, Mother stated her husband was not the biological parent of I.J.P. Mother identified

Father as I.J.P.’s biological parent. A paternity test later confirmed I.J.P.’s paternity.

           The trial court held permanency hearings on September 21, 2017 and December 12, 2017. 2

A bench trial on the merits occurred on February 12, 2018. At the time of the bench trial, I.J.P.

was thirteen months’ old. Department legal caseworker Yolanda Martinez testified I.J.P. was

currently placed in a foster home that met his needs. According to Martinez, the Department’s

long-term goal was non-relative adoption by the foster parents, with whom Martinez testified I.J.P.

was “extremely bonded.”

           The Judge’s Notes, which were filed on February 15, 2018, indicate the trial court intended

to order termination of Mother’s parental rights and to order monitored return of I.J.P. to Father.

On February 22, 2018, intervenors – I.J.P.’s foster parents – filed a Motion for Rehearing and



2
    The permanency hearings were held before the Honorable Charles Montemayor, Presiding Judge.


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Motion for Clarification, requesting the trial court hear “evidence that was not presented to the

Court during trial, namely, evidence of [Father’s] recent criminal history.” The trial court granted

the motion and held a hearing on March 28, 2018.

           On May 4, 2018, the trial court signed an order terminating both Mother’s and Father’s

parental rights.

                         STANDARD OF REVIEW AND STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS

           To terminate parental rights pursuant to section 161.001 of the Texas Family Code, the

Department has the burden to prove by clear and convincing evidence: (1) one of the predicate

grounds in subsection 161.001(b)(1); and (2) that termination is in the best interest of the child.

See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §§ 161.001, 161.206(a); In re A.V., 113 S.W.3d 355, 362 (Tex. 2003).

In this case, the trial court found evidence of three predicate grounds to terminate Mother’s parental

rights 3 and one predicate ground to terminate Father’s parental rights. 4 The trial court also found

termination of both Mother’s and Father’s parental rights was in the best interest of the child.

           When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, we apply the well-established standards

of review. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §§ 101.007, 161.206(a); In re H.R.M., 209 S.W.3d 105, 108

(Tex. 2006) (factual sufficiency); In re J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d 570, 573 (Tex. 2005) (legal

sufficiency).




3
    The trial court found evidence Mother

           failed to comply with the provisions of a court order[;] … used a controlled substance … in a manner
           that endangered the health or safety of the child, and (1) failed to complete a court-ordered substance
           abuse treatment program[,] or (2) after completion of a court-ordered substance abuse treatment
           program continued to abuse a controlled substance[;] … [and was] the cause of the child being born
           addicted to alcohol or a controlled substance … .

See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(b)(1)(O), (P), (R).
4
 The trial court found evidence Father “failed to comply with the provisions of a court order. …” See TEX. FAM.
CODE ANN. § 161.001(b)(1)(O).


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                                                  BEST INTERESTS

         In determining whether a child’s parent is willing and able to provide the child with a safe

environment, we consider the factors set forth in Family Code section 263.307(b). See TEX. FAM.

CODE ANN. § 263.307(b). We also apply the non-exhaustive Holley factors to our analysis. 5 See

Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371-72 (Tex. 1976). Evidence that proves one or more statutory

ground for termination may also constitute evidence illustrating that termination is in the child’s

best interest. In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 28 (Tex. 2002) (holding same evidence may be probative

of both section 161.001(b)(1) grounds and best interest, but such evidence does not relieve the

State of its burden to prove best interest). “A best interest analysis may consider circumstantial

evidence, subjective factors, and the totality of the evidence as well as the direct evidence.” See

In re E.D., 419 S.W.3d 615, 620 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2013, pet. denied). “A trier of fact

may measure a parent’s future conduct by his past conduct and determine whether termination of

parental rights is in the child’s best interest.” Id.

                                                MOTHER’S APPEAL

         Mother contends the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support the trial court’s

determination that termination of her parental rights is in I.J.P.’s best interest. Mother testified at

the bench trial that during the pendency of the case she gave birth to another child, which is not a

subject of this suit. Very shortly before giving birth to the baby, Mother moved into Guadalupe

Home, where she was working on the programs assigned by the Department. Mariel Luna, the

program director, described Guadalupe Home as a residential, transitional program for mothers


5
  These factors include: (1) the child’s desires; (2) the child’s present and future emotional and physical needs; (3) any
present or future emotional and physical danger to the child; (4) the parental abilities of the individuals seeking
custody; (5) the programs available to assist the individuals seeking custody to promote the child’s best interest; (6)
the plans for the child by the individuals or agency seeking custody; (7) the stability of the home or proposed
placement; (8) the parent’s acts or omissions which may indicate that the existing parent-child relationship is improper;
and (9) any excuse for the parent’s acts or omissions. See Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371-72 (Tex. 1976); In
re E.C.R., 402 S.W.3d 239, 249 n.9 (Tex. 2013).


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trying to get back on their feet. Luna testified residents who complied with all the program’s

requirements were able to stay in Guadalupe Home until their child was three years’ old.

According to Luna, Mother would be able to stay in Guadalupe home for approximately three

years. Luna further testified Mother engaged in classes at Guadalupe Home.

        Martinez, who became involved with the case in January 2017, testified the Department

received a referral because Mother and I.J.P. both tested positive for the presence of a controlled

substance, methamphetamine, at I.J.P.’s birth. See In re. L.G.R., 498 S.W.3d 195, 206 (Tex.

App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2016, pet. denied) (noting that the mother’s drug use during pregnancy

weighed in favor of the trial court finding termination to be in the child’s best interest). Martinez

indicated I.J.P. experienced withdrawal symptoms, including muscle stiffness and tremors.

Martinez further testified Mother did not complete her service plan, which was assigned “right

after January.” According to Martinez, Mother failed to complete drug treatment, individual

therapy, or parenting and domestic violence classes. See In re E.C.R., 402 S.W.3d 239, 249 (Tex.

2013) (evidence that the appellant failed to comply with the court-ordered service plan supported

the trial court’s best-interest determination). Martinez further testified Mother had not maintained

communication with the Department, which resulted in the Department not knowing where Mother

was living. Finally, Martinez testified Mother tested positive for the use of drugs during the

pendency of the case. See In re. L.G.R., 498 S.W.3d at 204 (“A parent’s drug use supports a

finding that termination is in the best interest of the child.”).

        Having reviewed the record and considered all the evidence in the appropriate light for

each standard of review, we conclude the trial court could have formed a firm belief or conviction

that termination of Mother’s parental rights was in the child’s best interest. See TEX. FAM. CODE

ANN. § 161.001(b)(2); In re H.R.M., 209 S.W.3d at 108; In re J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d at 573; see also




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generally In re A.B., 437 S.W.3d 498, 503 (Tex. 2014) (recognizing an appellate court need not

detail the evidence if affirming a termination judgment).

       Mother’s sole issue on appeal is overruled.

                                        FATHER’S APPEAL

                               Intervenors’ Motion for Rehearing

       In his first issue, Father contends the trial court erred by hearing and granting the

intervenors’ motion for rehearing, in which the intervenors requested the trial court hear evidence

that was not presented during the bench trial.

       Trial courts have broad discretion to permit additional evidence to be offered at any time

when it clearly appears necessary to the administration of justice. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 270; Gurka

v. Gurka, 402 S.W.3d 341, 349 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2013, no pet.). A trial court’s

decision to reopen the evidence will be disturbed on appeal only in those cases where it is shown

that there has been a clear abuse of discretion. Forrest v. Hanson, 424 S.W.2d 899, 907 (Tex.

1968); see also Lifestyle Mobile Homes v. Ricks, 653 S.W.2d 602, 604 (Tex. App.—Beaumont

1983, writ ref'd n.r.e.). The trial court’s discretion is to be liberally exercised in the interest of

justice so that all parties can fully develop their case. Lifestyle Mobile Homes, 653 S.W.2d at 604.

       To present a complaint for appellate review, the record must show that (1) the complaint

was presented to the trial court by a timely request, objection, or motion stating the specific

grounds for the desired ruling if the specific grounds are not apparent from the context; and (2) the

trial court ruled on the request. TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a). Here, Father did not object to the trial

court’s order granting the intervenor’s motion for rehearing to consider additional evidence. By

failing to make the trial court aware of his complaint regarding re-opening the evidence, Father

has waived his challenge to the trial court’s consideration of the evidence and granting the

intervenor’s motion based upon that evidence. See In re. K.E., No. 07-13-00082-CV, 2013 WL


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4733999, at *2-*3 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2013, no pet.) (mem. op.) (holding appellant failed to

preserve issue that trial court sua sponte considered evidence it received post trial after parties

rested and closed evidence when she raised issue for first time on appeal).

        Accordingly, we overrule Father’s first issue on appeal.

                                    Sufficiency of the Evidence

        In his second and third issues, Father challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting

the trial court’s determination that termination of his parental rights is in the child’s best interest.

        During the trial on the merits, licensed counselor Carlos Castillo Nunez testified he saw

Father from the beginning of October 2017 through mid-December 2017. According to Nunez,

Father had two “no-shows” during that time, and as of the time of trial in February 2018, Nunez

had not heard from Father since December 2017. Nunez testified Father had been making

progress, but Nunez admitted he could not provide a recommendation to the trial court because he

had no current knowledge of Father’s home or employment. Nunez further testified that, to his

knowledge, Father had never tested positive for the use of drugs on a urinalysis (“UA”) exam.

Nunez agreed he was concerned Father lacked some necessary skills to parent a young child.

        Department caseworker Martinez testified Father had not completed his service plan,

specifically noting Father failed to complete individual therapy. Martinez further testified that

although Father informed her the day of the trial he had arranged housing, in the past, the stability

of Father’s housing was a concern. Martinez explained Father previously lived in a motel and in

his car, and when Father stated he had leased housing, Father was unable to provide any

documentation to support he had stable housing. Additionally, according to Martinez, Father

failed to provide any documentation of employment. Martinez also testified the Department was

concerned regarding Father’s possible drug use. According to Martinez, Mother stated that Father




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introduced her to drug use. Martinez further testified that Father refused to submit to drug testing

on three different occasions.

       I.J.P.’s paternal grandfather testified Father moved into the grandfather’s home. The

paternal grandfather further testified he would help supervise Father. However, during the hearing

held on March 28, 2018, the trial court heard evidence that the paternal grandfather’s job requires

him to sometimes travel out-of-town for work. The grandfather testified that when he is away for

work, his wife, ex-wife, and daughter were available to support Father. Also during that hearing,

caseworker Martinez testified there were still concerns regarding Father’s independent skills to

care for I.J.P., as well as concerns, based upon her observations, regarding the ability and

willingness of Father’s family to provide support. Martinez additionally expressed concerns that

Father had not provided a plan for I.J.P.’s care for when I.J.P. was in Father’s care.

       Father’s sister testified that although Father had engaged in drug use and had “instability”

in the past, he had improved. The sister additionally testified that she “can tell” from Father’s

recent behavior that Father no longer engages in drug use. The sister further testified that, although

she is not available as a placement option for I.J.P., she is able to help Father however he may need

help. During her testimony, Martinez acknowledged that Father’s employment and housing had

stabilized within the preceding month. See In re J.O.A., 283 S.W.3d 336, 346 (Tex. 2009)

(indicating that evidence of short-lived improved conduct does not conclusively negate a negative

history). However, Father still had not completed his service plan; Father had not engaged in

individual therapy since December 2017. See In re E.C.R., 402 S.W.3d at 249 (evidence that the

appellant failed to comply with the court-ordered service plan supported the trial court’s best-

interest determination).

       Having reviewed the record and considered all the evidence in the appropriate light for

each standard of review, we conclude the trial court could have formed a firm belief or conviction


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that termination of Father’s parental rights was in the child’s best interest. See TEX. FAM. CODE

ANN. § 161.001(b)(2); In re H.R.M., 209 S.W.3d at 108; In re J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d at 573; see also

generally In re A.B., 437 S.W.3d at 503.

       Father’s second and third issues are overruled.

                                           CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court’s order terminating the parental rights

of both Mother and Father.

                                                 Irene Rios, Justice




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