
TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN



NO. 03-10-00384-CV


In re Unitrin County Mutual Insurance Company f/k/a Charter County Mutual Insurance
Company, named as Financial Indemnity Company





ORIGINAL PROCEEDING FROM HAYS COUNTY


M E M O R A N D U M   O P I N I O N
 
		This mandamus proceeding involves a discovery dispute in a case filed by Edmond
and Rhonda Bisland against Relator Unitrin County Mutual Insurance Company ("Unitrin") for
violations of the insurance code, breach of contract, and breach of Stowers duty in a related personal
injury case. (1) See G.A. Stowers Furniture Co. v. American Indem. Co., 15 S.W.2d 544, 547
(Tex. Comm'n App. 1929, holding approved) (insurer has duty to accept claimant's reasonable offer
to settle within policy limits).  Unitrin has filed a petition for writ of mandamus, seeking to vacate
the trial court's order requiring the production of documents that Unitrin asserts are protected
by the attorney-client and work-product privileges.  See Tex. R. Evid. 503; Tex. R. Civ. P. 192.5. 
This is the fourth mandamus proceeding to arise from discovery disputes in the underlying
litigation.  See In re Unitrin, No. 03-10-00250-CV, 2010 Tex. App. LEXIS 4818 (Tex.
App.--Austin June 25, 2010, orig. proceeding) (mem. op.); In re Unitrin, No. 03-10-00178-CV,
2010 Tex. App. LEXIS 2290 (Tex. App.--Austin Mar. 29, 2010, orig. proceeding) (mem. op.); In re
Unitrin, No. 03-09-00214-CV (Tex. App.--Austin May 28, 2009, orig. proceeding) (mem. op.).
		The facts related to the present dispute were fully described in our June 25, 2010
opinion denying Unitrin's petition for writ of mandamus.  See In re Unitrin, 2010 Tex. App.
LEXIS 4818, at *2-4.  The documents at issue are billing records for legal work performed by trial
counsel for Unitrin's insureds, Lindig Construction and Trucking ("Lindig") and Richard Simmons,
in the related personal injury suit ("Trial Counsel").  In March 2010, the Bislands served Trial
Counsel with a notice of oral deposition and a subpoena duces tecum.  Unitrin then filed a motion
to quash the notice and objected to the document requests as being overbroad and duplicitous of
prior discovery.  After a hearing, the trial court denied the motion to quash and overruled Unitrin's
objections to the subpoenaed documents.
		The deposition was held as scheduled on April 13, 2010.  During the deposition, Trial
Counsel represented that he had not "withheld any documents that ha[d] been requested for any
reason."  However, it was later discovered that other responsive documents existed.  In an affidavit
attached to Unitrin's motion to reconsider the order to compel discovery, Trial Counsel stated
as follows:

During that deposition, I was asked if I had any recent invoices for legal work in the
underlying lawsuit.  I said I would check, and had someone in my office . . . try and
find these documents.  These invoices would describe the legal services that I and
others at my firm performed in the underlying lawsuit.  At the close of the deposition,
there were some invoices left on my desk.  I did not review these documents, but
gave them to Mr. Cain, counsel for Defendant Unitrin, who also attended the
deposition.  Following my deposition, [counsel for the Bislands] sent me a letter
asking me for other invoices in the underlying lawsuit, and I forwarded those to Mr.
Cain as well.  Mr. Cain informed me that he would review all these documents to
determine if any privilege needed to be asserted.

		Unitrin filed two supplemental privilege logs, asserting the attorney-client and work-product privileges with respect to the invoices.  See Tex. R. Civ. P. 193.3.  The trial court issued an
order compelling the production of the newly discovered documents, leading Unitrin to file its
petition for writ of mandamus in cause number 03-10-00250-CV.  See In re Unitrin, 2010 Tex. App.
LEXIS 4818.  In that proceeding, Unitrin asserted that the trial court had abused its discretion by
ordering production of the documents without first reviewing the documents in camera to determine
the applicability of the asserted privileges.  Id. at *1, *4.  The Bislands took the position that the
privileges had been waived and that Unitrin had not made a prima facie showing that the documents
were privileged.  Id. at *4.  This Court denied the petition based on Unitrin's failure to tender the
documents to the trial court for an in camera inspection.  Id. at *8-9.  ("Because Unitrin  failed to
present any evidence to the trial court, including the documents themselves, to substantiate its claims
[of privilege], we cannot conclude that the trial court abused its discretion in ordering Unitrin  to
produce the documents."). 
		After its petition for writ of mandamus was denied on June 25, Unitrin returned to
the trial court and tendered the documents in question for an in camera inspection, contemporaneous
with a motion to reconsider the previous ruling compelling production.  The trial court declined to
review the documents in camera and denied the motion to reconsider.  Unitrin then filed this original
proceeding, again alleging that the trial court has abused its discretion by ordering production of the
documents without performing an in camera inspection. 		

Propriety of Mandamus Relief

		As a preliminary matter, we address the Bislands' contention that Unitrin is not
entitled to mandamus relief because a trial court does not have a ministerial duty to reconsider its
own discovery rulings.  See Walker v. Packer, 827 S.W.2d 833, 839 (Tex. 1992) ("Traditionally, the
writ of mandamus issued only to compel the performance of a ministerial act or duty."). However,
"a clear failure by the trial court to analyze or apply the law correctly will constitute an abuse of
discretion, and may result in appellate reversal by extraordinary writ."  Id. at 840.  The Texas
Supreme Court has made clear that mandamus relief is appropriate to protect confidential documents
from discovery.  See In re Living Ctrs. of Tex., Inc., 175 S.W.3d 253, 256 (Tex. 2005); In re Union
Pac. Res. Co., 22 S.W.3d 338, 341 (Tex. 1999).  Accordingly, we hold that the procedural posture
of this original proceeding, arising as it does from the denial of a motion to reconsider, does not
preclude mandamus relief if it is otherwise appropriate.

Timely Assertion of Privilege
		The Bislands argue that Unitrin cannot now assert the attorney-client and work-product privileges because Trial Counsel represented during his deposition that all responsive
documents had been produced.  "[S]ignificant effort was made by the promulgators of the Rules [of
Civil Procedure] to avoid waiver by a party when privileged materials or information may be at
issue."  In re Lincoln Elec. Co., 91 S.W.3d 432, 436 (Tex. App.--Beaumont 2002, orig. proceeding)
(emphasis omitted).  According to Trial Counsel's affidavit, he was not aware of and had not
reviewed the purportedly privileged documents at the time he represented that all documents had
been produced.  Comment 3 to Rule 193 provides that "when large numbers of documents are being
produced, a party may amend the initial response when documents are found as to which the party
claims privilege."  Tex. R. Civ. P. 193 cmt. 3.  That is what Unitrin did in the present
case--amended its initial discovery response when additional documents were found. (2)  Accordingly,
we hold that Unitrin did not lose the right to assert claims of privilege based on Trial Counsel's
representation that all documents had been produced.  Rather, Unitrin properly asserted its claims
by filing its first and second supplemental privilege logs upon discovering the documents in
question.

Effect of Waiver by Simmons
		The Bislands also contend that because Simmons, one of the parties represented by
Trial Counsel in the personal injury suit, executed a written waiver of any attorney-client privilege
conferred upon him, Unitrin is now precluded from asserting the attorney-client privilege. (3)  While
Simmons did in fact execute such a waiver, Lindig did not.  Accordingly, Unitrin maintains that it
only asserts the attorney-client privilege as to billing records involving legal work performed for
Lindig.  The Bislands take the position that Simmons's waiver was sufficient to waive the attorney-client privilege as to all invoices that Trial Counsel sent to Unitrin for work done on the personal-injury suit.
		It is well settled that a client has the right to waive the attorney-client privilege.  Tex.
R. Evid. 511.  However, the Bislands have not presented, and we have not found, any authority to
support their argument that one client may waive the attorney-client privilege on behalf of another
client.  While the Bislands rely on In re General Agents Insurance Co. of America, Inc., the insurer
in that case was attempting to withhold communications between counsel and its insured, despite
the fact that attorney-client privileges had been waived by the insured, the sole client involved in the
privileged communications.  224 S.W.3d 806, 814 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 2007, orig.
proceeding) (holding that where insured has waived privilege, insurer "no longer has grounds on
which to assert privileges on [insured's] behalf").  In the present case, only one of the two
clients--Simmons--has waived the privilege.  
		Texas Rule of Evidence 503(d)(5) provides that the attorney-client privilege does not
apply to "a communication relevant to a matter of common interest between or among two or more
clients if the communication was made by any of them to a lawyer retained or consulted in common,
when offered in an action between or among any of the clients."  Tex. R. Evid. 503(d)(5) (emphasis
added).  Thus, the rule contemplates that when a communication relevant to a common matter
between two clients is requested in discovery, the attorney-client privilege remains intact as to each
client unless the suit is between the joint clients.  See id.  The underlying litigation in this case is not
a suit between Trial Counsel's two joint clients.  Accordingly, we hold that Simmons's waiver of
the attorney-client privilege did not operate to waive Lindig's privilege as well. 
Prima Facie Showing of Privilege
		Having determined that privileges have not been waived in this case, we now turn to
the issue of whether Unitrin properly made a prima facie showing of privilege.  If a party asserting
privilege claims makes a prima facie showing of privilege and tenders documents to the trial court,
the trial court must conduct an in camera review of those documents before compelling production. 
In re E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., 136 S.W.3d 218, 223 (Tex. 2004).  "The prima facie standard
requires only the 'minimum quantum of evidence necessary to support a rational inference that the
allegation of fact is true.'" Id. (quoting Texas Tech Univ. Health Scis. Ctr. v. Apodaca, 876 S.W.2d
402, 407 (Tex. App.--El Paso 1994, writ denied)).  In the present case, Unitrin tendered the
documents themselves to the trial court in support of its claims of privilege.  "The documents
themselves may constitute sufficient evidence to make a prima facie showing of attorney-client or
work product privilege."  Id. 
		Our review of the withheld documents, which are before us in the form of a sealed
record, suggests that Unitrin has properly made a prima facie showing of privilege, as these
documents are sufficient to support a rational inference that the attorney-client and work-product
privileges apply.  Once a party has made a prima facie showing of privilege and tendered documents
for inspection, the trial court's failure to conduct an in camera review before compelling production
is an abuse of discretion, subject to mandamus relief.  Id. at 223, 227. (4) 
		Because the trial court ordered production without conducting an in camera review
of the documents, we conditionally grant the petition for writ of mandamus and compel the trial
court to conduct an in camera review before ordering production of the documents at issue.  The writ
will issue only in the unlikely event that the trial court fails to comply with this opinion. 

 
						___________________________________________
						Diane M. Henson, Justice
Before Chief Justice Jones, Justices Puryear and Henson
Filed:   July 22, 2010
1.   See Simmons v. Bisland, No. 03-08-00141-CV, 2009 Tex. App. LEXIS 2473 (Tex.
App.--Austin Apr. 9, 2009, pet. denied) (mem. op.).
2.   In their response to the petition for writ of mandamus, the Bislands contend that Trial
Counsel did not discover the withheld documents for the first time after his deposition, despite his
affidavit to that effect.  To support this contention, the Bislands rely on deposition excerpts that were
not before the trial court and that are not properly part of the record in this original proceeding.  Our
review of the trial court's action in this case is limited to the record that is properly before us.  We
apply this principle to both parties, as the Bislands also complain that the relator's record filed by
Unitrin improperly includes certain documents that were not before the trial court.  We note also that
even if we were able to consider the deposition excerpts attached to the Bislands' response, they do
not support the Bislands' claim that Trial Counsel was aware of the existence of the documents prior
to the deposition.
3.   Simmons's written waiver did not purport to waive the work-product privilege.
4.   Our holding is limited to whether a prima facie showing of privilege has been made.  The
question of whether the documents are actually subject to privilege shall be decided by the trial court
after an in camera inspection. 

