    18-2538
    Canales v. Barr
                                                                                    BIA
                                                                          Christensen, IJ
                                                                          A094 486 107
                           UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                               FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                 SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER
FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF
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IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN
ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY
ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

         At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for
    the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States
    Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 4th
    day of December, two thousand nineteen.

    PRESENT:
              ROBERT A. KATZMANN,
                   Chief Judge,
              GUIDO CALABRESI,
              RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR.,
                   Circuit Judges.
    _____________________________________

    MARTIL DE JESUS CANALES,
              Petitioner,

                      v.                                         18-2538-ag

    WILLIAM P. BARR, UNITED STATES
    ATTORNEY GENERAL,
              Respondent.
    _____________________________________

    FOR PETITIONER:                   STEPHEN N. PREZIOSI, Law Office of
                                      Stephen N. Preziosi, P.C., New York,
                                      NY.

    FOR RESPONDENT:                   TIMOTHY G. HAYES, Trial Attorney (Joseph
                                      H. Hunt, Assistant Attorney General;
                                      Cindy S. Ferrier, Assistant Director,
                                      on the brief), for the Office of
                                      Immigration Litigation, United States
                                      Department of Justice, Washington,
                                      DC.
      UPON DUE CONSIDERATION of this petition for review of a Board

of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision, it is hereby ORDERED,

ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the petition for review is DISMISSED.

      Petitioner Martil De Jesus Canales (“Canales”), a native and

citizen of El Salvador, seeks review of an August 14, 2018 decision

of   the   BIA   affirming   a    September    15,   2017   decision   of    an

Immigration      Judge   (“IJ”)    denying    Canales’s     application     for

cancellation of removal.         In re Martil De Jesus Canales, No. A 094

486 107 (B.I.A. Aug. 14, 2018), aff’g No. A 094 486 107 (Immig.

Ct. N.Y.C. Sept. 15, 2017).          We assume the parties’ familiarity

with the underlying facts and procedural history in this case.

      We have reviewed both the BIA’s and the IJ’s decisions.

Wangchuck v. Dep’t of Homeland Sec., 448 F.3d 524, 528 (2d Cir.

2006).     Our    jurisdiction     to    review   the   agency’s   denial    of

cancellation of removal is limited to colorable constitutional

claims and questions of law.            8 U.S.C. §§ 1252(a)(2)(B)(i), (D);

Barco-Sandoval v. Gonzales, 516 F.3d 35, 39–40 (2d Cir. 2008).

      A nonpermanent resident, such as Canales, may have his removal

cancelled if he (1) “has been physically present in the United

States for a continuous period of not less than 10 years,” (2) “has

been a person of good moral character during” those years, (3) has

not been convicted of certain offenses, and (4) demonstrates that

his “removal would result in exceptional and extremely unusual

hardship” to his U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident spouse,


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parent, or child.     8 U.S.C. § 1229b(b)(1).           The agency denied

relief based solely on a failure to show hardship.

     Hardship is a high standard that requires a showing that the

“qualifying relatives would suffer hardship that is substantially

different from, or beyond, that which would normally be expected

from the deportation of an alien with close family members here.”

In re Monreal-Aguinaga, 23 I. & N. Dec. 56, 65 (BIA 2001); see

also In re Andazola-Rivas, 23 I. & N. Dec. 319, 322 (BIA 2002)

(noting that exceptional and extremely unusual hardship is a “very

high standard”).   The agency considers, among other evidence, “the

ages, health, and circumstances of qualifying lawful permanent

resident and United States citizen relatives.”             In re Monreal-

Aguinaga, 23 I. & N. Dec. at 63; see In re Andazola-Rivas, 23 I.

& N. Dec. at 323; see also In re Gonzalez Recinas, 23 I. & N. Dec.

467 (BIA 2002).

     The   agency’s    hardship        determination,     reached     after

consideration of the relevant factors and record evidence, is a

discretionary   decision   that   we    lack   jurisdiction   to    review.

Barco-Sandoval, 516 F.3d at 42.         Although a question of law may

arise if the agency overlooks material evidence, see Mendez v.

Holder, 566 F.3d 316, 323 (2d Cir. 2009), the record does not

support Canales’s argument that the IJ ignored the emotional

hardship that his removal would cause his qualifying relatives.

The IJ considered the documentary record and the testimony from


                                   3
Canales and his wife.        The IJ acknowledged that Canales has a

close relationship with most of his children and that it would be

“emotionally difficult” for these children to be separated from

him.    After considering all the factors, including that his family

relied on him for financial support and the health conditions of

his children and his spouse, the IJ ultimately decided that the

hardship would not be beyond what would be expected from a parent’s

removal.     See In re Monreal-Aguinaga, 23 I. & N. Dec. at 62.

Accordingly, because the IJ considered the evidence, Canales’s

argument amounts to a challenge to the IJ’s factfinding and

discretionary choices, which we lack jurisdiction to review.              See

Barco-Sandoval, 516 F.3d at 42.

       Canales’s remaining arguments also fail.            His argument that

the IJ did not have an adequate basis to determine that his

children could assist his wife in supporting his family does not

raise   a   question   of   law   because   Canales   is    challenging   the

inferences that the IJ made based on the record — here, that if

Canales’s wife becomes sick in the future her children may have to

help support her.      See Emokah v. Mukasey, 523 F.3d 110, 119 (2d

Cir. 2008); see also Siewe v. Gonzales, 480 F.3d 160, 167–68 (2d

Cir. 2007) (“Drawing inferences from direct and circumstantial

evidence is a routine and necessary task of any factfinder. The

very essence of [the factfinder’s] function is to select from among

conflicting inferences and conclusions that which it considers


                                      4
most reasonable.” (internal quotation marks omitted)).           Canales’s

argument that the IJ erred by refusing to allow his children to

testify was not exhausted before the agency.         Canales both failed

to object when the IJ disallowed his children’s testimony and

failed to raise the issue of his children’s testimony before the

BIA.    See Lin Zhong v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 480 F.3d 104, 121–

22 (2d Cir. 2007).

       For   the   foregoing   reasons,   the   petition   for   review   is

DISMISSED.

                                   FOR THE COURT:
                                   Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk




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