                                 Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 522

                 ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                        DIVISION I
                                       No. CV-15-423


                                                  Opinion Delivered   September 30, 2015
SHERRI CHAFFIN
                               APPELLANT          APPEAL FROM THE WHITE
                                                  COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
V.                                                [NO. JV-2013-191]

                                                  HONORABLE ROBERT EDWARDS,
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF                            JUDGE
HUMAN SERVICES
                    APPELLEE                      AFFIRMED



                             M. MICHAEL KINARD, Judge

       Sherri Chaffin appeals from an order terminating her parental rights to her four minor

children. She argues that the evidence does not support the trial court’s finding of a statutory

ground for termination or its finding that termination was in the children’s best interest. She

also contends that she was not afforded legal counsel in a timely fashion. We affirm.

        Appellant and the children’s father divorced in 2005, when appellant was in federal

prison, and the father was awarded custody. The children were removed from the custody

of their father in July 2013 due to inadequate supervision and the father’s drug use. One of

the children, then twelve years old, had been left home alone; two thieves were discovered

in the home at around 1:00 a.m., hiding from the police; the parents could not be reached;

the home contained little food and no water or furniture; and, once located, the father tested

positive for methamphetamine. Probable cause and adjudication hearings and orders soon

followed, with the children being found to be dependent-neglected and custody being
                                   Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 522

placed with the Arkansas Department of Human Services (DHS). A case plan developed by

DHS was approved by the trial court and required, inter alia, that appellant undergo a

psychological evaluation; attend regular psychological counseling; obtain and maintain stable

employment and provide proof of financial stability; attend parenting classes and demonstrate

parenting skills learned; and maintain safe and appropriate housing.

       Over the next eighteen months, services were offered to appellant and the children’s

father, and a number of review and permanency planning hearings were held. The father

was rarely present at the hearings, he did not visit the children, and his whereabouts were

often unknown to DHS or the court. Appellant partially complied with the case plan: she

underwent the psychological evaluation but soon dropped out of counseling, failed to attend

parenting classes, and never got a job. She, too, rarely visited the children. She also missed

at least two of the review hearings. About nine months into the case, in the spring of 2014,

appellant was incarcerated for a short period for writing hot checks. Eventually, DHS filed

a petition to terminate the parental rights of both parents. After a January 2015 hearing,

attended by both appellant and the father and their respective court-appointed attorneys, the

trial court terminated their parental rights. Appellant appeals that decision.1

       The termination of parental rights is a two-step process. The trial court must find by

clear and convincing evidence (1) the existence of one or more statutory grounds for

termination and (2) that termination is in the best interest of the children. Harbin v. Arkansas

Department of Human Services, 2014 Ark. App. 715, 451 S.W.3d 231. On appeal, sufficiency


       1
           The father’s case is not before us in this appeal.

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of the evidence is determined by whether the trial court’s finding that the fact was proved

by clear and convincing evidence is clearly erroneous. McDaniel v. Arkansas Department of

Human Services, 2013 Ark. App. 263. A finding is clearly erroneous when the appellate court

is, on the entire evidence, left with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been

made. Id. In deciding whether a finding of the trial court is clearly erroneous, we give great

deference to the superior opportunity of the trial court to observe the parties and to judge

the credibility of witnesses. Id.

       Appellant first contends that the evidence is insufficient to support either of the two

statutory grounds for termination found by the trial court in this case, namely, that appellant

had failed to remedy the conditions that caused removal of the children under Arkansas Code

Annotated section 9-27-341(b)(1)(B)(i)(a) (Supp. 2013), and that other factors had arisen

subsequent to the original petition that demonstrate that placement of the children with

appellant would be contrary to their health, safety, and welfare and that appellant had

manifested the incapacity or indifference to remedy those issues under section 9-27-

341(b)(1)(B)(vii)(a). However, as to the second ground relied upon by the trial court, “other

factors,” appellant offers only a two-sentence, conclusory argument that is essentially limited

to the following statement: “The petition does not allege, the testimony does not bear out, and

the court does not make a finding specifically as to what other factors arose subsequent to the

filing of the petition that set this ground in motion.” (Emphasis added.) Under these

circumstances, we need not address the sufficiency of the evidence to support the finding of

statutory grounds for termination.


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       Appellant did not object below to the perceived lack of factual specificity of the

petition to terminate her parental rights, and that argument cannot be raised for the first time

on appeal. See Thompson v. Thompson, 2012 Ark. App. 296. Moreover, appellant did not

request specific findings of fact from the trial court, and she cites nothing for the proposition

that the court is otherwise obligated to expressly make specific findings to support its

conclusion. Indeed, in the absence of a statute or rule requiring specific findings of fact or

a timely request for specific findings under Ark. R. Civ. P. 52, the appellate court will

ordinarily presume that the trial court made findings necessary to support its conclusion. See

American States Insurance Co. v. Williams, 2010 Ark. 840.

       Therefore, appellant’s attack on the sufficiency of the evidence to support the court’s

“other factors” determination is limited to her contention that “the testimony does not bear

out” the ground. However, a mere conclusory statement without convincing argument or

citation to authority is not effective to raise a point on appeal. Hall v. Arkansas Department

of Human Services, 2012 Ark. App. 245, 413 S.W.3d 542. Inasmuch as appellant’s brief leaves

the “other factors” ground found by the trial court unchallenged, that ground is sufficient

to establish the statutory-ground element of appellee’s burden of proof. Lively v. Arkansas

Department of Human Services, 2015 Ark. App. 131, 456 S.W.3d 383; Casarreal v. Arkansas

Department of Human Services, 2010 Ark. App. 622.

       Appellant next contends that the trial court erred in finding that termination of her

parental rights was in the children’s best interest. We find no error on this point.




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       The best-interest analysis includes consideration of the likelihood that the children

will be adopted and of the potential harm caused by returning custody of the children to the

parent. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(A) (Supp. 2013). However, adoptability and

potential harm are merely factors to be considered—they are not elements of the cause of

action and need not be established by clear and convincing evidence. See Harbin v. Arkansas

Department of Human Services, 2014 Ark. App. 715, 451 S.W.3d 231; McDaniel v. Arkansas

Department of Human Services, 2013 Ark. App. 263. Rather, after considering all of the factors,

the trial court must find by clear and convincing evidence that termination of parental rights

is in the best interest of the children. Harbin, supra. The harm referred to in the statute is

“potential” harm; the trial court is not required to find that actual harm will result or to

affirmatively identify a potential harm. Fox v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2014

Ark. App. 666, 448 S.W.3d 735; Welch v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2010 Ark.

App. 798, 378 S.W.3d 290. Moreover, evidence on this factor must be viewed in a forward-

looking manner and considered in broad terms. Fox, supra.

       Here, the termination hearing was held eighteen months after the children had been

taken into DHS custody. During that time, appellant was never in full compliance with the

case plan. Although she attended the ordered psychological evaluation fairly shortly after the

case had begun, she admitted to the examiner that she had stopped attending the required

counseling sessions for some period. Nine months into the case, appellant was incarcerated

for a short time for writing hot checks. As late as fifteen months into the case, the trial court

found that appellant still had not completed parenting classes; in fact, there was evidence that


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she did not provide the required proof of completion until the morning of the termination

hearing. Appellant admittedly has not worked since the case began. Her only income is

$733 in disability and $75 in food stamps monthly. She is living in a two-bedroom apartment

but apparently moved there only recently. She still has no means of transportation. She

missed several hearings in this case and, since 2012, has visited with her children only eight

to ten times. She admitted that she knew since at least 2012 that her ex-husband was abusing

methamphetamine but took no action to try to protect the children. Moreover, the children

in this case were all at least twelve years old, and three were at least fourteen, and there was

evidence that they neither wanted to live with appellant nor even wished to visit her. The

DHS caseworker testified, and appellant actually conceded, that the children are adoptable.

       Additionally, witnesses familiar with the case expressed serious concerns for the

children’s welfare should appellant regain custody. DHS caseworker Darby Miller and court-

appointed special advocate Sarah Hite both opined that appellant’s current living

arrangements, lengthy housing instability, and lack of employment and financial stability

would put the children at risk. Ms. Darby further testified that appellant seemed more

interested in herself than her children. Ms. Darby also expressed concerns over appellant’s

frequent erratic behavior, including her focus on “conspiracy theories and people out to get

her,” including a recent phone conversation between the two women where appellant

claimed that she “was a witness to something in jail” and had been “in contact with witness

protection.”




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       Appellant testified that she had recently completed parenting classes and was attending

counseling sessions. She stated that she had moved into a two-bedroom apartment, which

she thought was adequate for her and her four teenaged children, and that she had applied

to HUD for a larger residence. She blamed her recent incarceration on some unknown thief

who she said had stolen her checks and forged her name. She blamed her failure to attend

court and failure to visit the children in part on a lack of assistance from DHS. At the end

of the hearing, appellant’s attorney pleaded, “She just needs more time or services from

[DHS] to maybe rehabilitate this relationship with the kids.”

       The intent of our termination statute is to provide permanency in minor children’s

lives in circumstances where returning the children to the family home is contrary to the

their health, safety, or welfare, and where the evidence demonstrates that the return cannot

be accomplished in a reasonable period of time as viewed from the children’s perspective.

Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(a)(3); Harbin, supra. The child’s need for permanency and

stability may override the parent’s request for additional time to improve the parent’s

circumstances. Harbin, supra. Even full compliance with the case plan is not determinative;

the issue is whether the parent has become a stable, safe parent able to care for the children.

Id. From our review of the record in this case, we cannot conclude that the trial court

clearly erred in finding that termination of appellant’s parental rights was in her children’s

best interest.

       Appellant finally argues that the trial court erred in not appointing counsel for her at

the early stages of the dependency-neglect proceedings. We disagree. First, we do not read


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the statute as entitling appellant to appointed counsel prior to the decision to proceed with

termination as the goal. Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-27-316 (Supp. 2013) provides

in pertinent part as follows:

       (h)(1)(A) All parents and custodians have a right to counsel in all dependency-neglect
       proceedings.

       (B) In all dependency-neglect proceedings that set out to remove legal custody from
       a parent or custodian, the parent or custodian from whom custody was removed shall have
       the right to be appointed counsel, and the court shall appoint counsel if the court
       makes a finding that the parent or custodian from whom custody was removed is indigent
       and counsel is requested by the parent or custodian.

       (C) Parents and custodians shall be advised in the dependency-neglect petition or the
       ex parte emergency order, whichever is sooner, and at the first appearance before the
       court, of the right to counsel and the right to appointed counsel, if eligible.

       (D) All parents shall have the right to be appointed counsel in termination of parental rights
       hearings, and the court shall appoint counsel if the court makes a finding that the
       parent is indigent and counsel is requested by the parent.

(Emphasis added.) Here, appellant was not a parent “from whom custody was removed.”

While she had a right to be represented by counsel at all stages of the proceedings, she was

not entitled to appointed counsel under the statute before the process moved to termination

of her rights. It is clear that counsel was appointed for appellant at least a month before the

hearing on the petition to terminate parental rights.

       In any event, the record does not indicate that appellant ever requested counsel as the

statute requires. And, finally, there is authority for the proposition that any “failure” to

appoint counsel at early stages of the dependency-neglect process is harmless if the parent has

an attorney prior to the termination hearing. See Briscoe v. State, 323 Ark. 4, 912 S.W.2d 425



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(1996); Jefferson v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 356 Ark. 647, 158 S.W.3d 129

(2004).

      Affirmed.

      ABRAMSON and BROWN , JJ., agree.

      Suzanne Ritter Lumpkin, Arkansas Public Defender Commission, for appellant.

      Mischa K. Martin, Office of Chief Counsel, for appellee.

      Chrestman Group, PLLC, by: Keith L. Chrestman, attorney ad litem for minor children.




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