
TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN





NO. 03-94-00235-CV





El Periodico, Inc., Appellant


v.


Parks Oil Company, Appellee





FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 250TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT

NO. 93-08100, HONORABLE JERRY DELLANA, JUDGE PRESIDING





PER CURIAM



	Appellant El Periodico, Inc. appeals by writ of error from a summary judgment
rendered in a post-judgment garnishment proceeding.  Appellee Parks Oil Co. filed an application
for writ of garnishment against El Periodico for amounts owing on a judgment rendered in favor
of Parks and against Tom Wittmer.  See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 63.001(3) (West
1986).  El Periodico filed an answer but did not appear at the hearing on Parks' motion for
summary judgment.  The trial court granted the motion and awarded Parks the amount of the
underlying judgment, $198,979.43, plus postjudgment interest.  El Periodico asserts that Parks
did not establish its right to summary judgment as a matter of law.  We will affirm the trial court
judgment.
	By cross-point, Parks asserts that relief by writ of error is not available to El
Periodico because it participated in the actual trial of the case.  For this Court to have jurisdiction
over this appeal by writ of error, El Periodico must:  (1) have filed the petition for writ of error
within six months after the trial court signed the judgment, (2) be a party to the suit, (3) not have
participated in the trial of the cause below and (4) show error from the face of the record.  Tex.
R. App. P. 45; Primate Constr., Inc. v. Silver, 884 S.W.2d 151, 152 (Tex. 1994); Brown v.
McLennan County Children's Protective Servs., 627 S.W.2d 390, 392 (Tex. 1982); Hot Shot
Messenger Serv. v. State, 818 S.W.2d 905, 906-7 (Tex. App.--Austin 1991, no writ). Parks asserts
that El Periodico participated in the trial below because it had notice of the summary judgment
hearing and had an opportunity to participate.
	Rule 45 prevents review by writ of error if the appellant participated in person or
by counsel in "the actual trial of the case."  Tex. R. App. P. 45(b).  Participation in the
dispositive hearing that leads to rendition of final judgment is participation that precludes writ-of-error review.  Stubbs v. Stubbs, 685 S.W.2d 643, 644-45 (Tex. 1985); Classic Promotions, Inc.
v. Shafer, 846 S.W.2d 948, 949 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1993, no writ).  Generally, a
party in a summary judgment proceeding participates in the "actual trial" when the party has
notice of, and responds to, the summary judgment motion.  El Periodico answered Parks'
application for writ of garnishment but did not respond to, or appear at the hearing on, Parks'
motion for summary judgment.  After that hearing, the trial court granted the motion and rendered
judgment against El Periodico.  Contrary to Parks' assertion, El Periodico did not participate in
the actual trial of the case within the meaning of Rule 45(b).  Mora v. Southwestern Bell Media,
Inc., 763 S.W.2d 527, 528 (Tex. App.--El Paso 1988, no writ);  Ridgeline, Inc. v. Crow-Gottesman-Shafer #1, 734 S.W.2d 114, 116 (Tex. App.--Austin 1987, no writ); see Stubbs, 685
S.W.2d at 644-45; Norman v. Dallas Cowboys Football Club, 665 S.W.2d 137, 138-39 (Tex.
App.--Dallas 1983, no writ).  We overrule Parks' cross-point.
	Because El Periodico did not file a response to Parks' motion for summary
judgment, it can attack the judgment only on the basis that Parks did not establish his right to
summary judgment as a matter of law. (1) City of Houston v. Clear Creek Basin Auth., 589 S.W.2d
671, 679 (Tex. 1979); McCord v. Memorial Medical Ctr. Hosp., 750 S.W.2d 362, 264 (Tex.
App.--Corpus Christi 1988, no writ).  In three points of error, El Periodico asserts that Parks
presented no summary judgment proof because the trial court could not take judicial notice of
records in another cause and these records were not on file or attached to the motion for summary
judgment.
	We do not address these points because the record shows that Parks established his
right to summary judgment as a matter of law.  The sole basis asserted for summary judgment was
El Periodico's failure to file a verified answer responding to the writ of garnishment in compliance
with the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure.  Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 665 provides, "The
answer of the garnishee shall be under oath, in writing and signed by him, and shall make true
answers to the several matters inquired of in the writ of garnishment."  El Periodico's answer
denied that El Periodico was indebted to Wittmer but was not verified.
	Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 667 provides that the trial court may render
judgment against a garnishee for the full amount of the judgment against the judgment debtor, plus
interest and costs, if the garnishee does not file a timely answer to the writ of garnishment. 
Because El Periodico did not verify its answer, it was not a proper answer and the trial court
could render a default judgment.  Swiderski v. Victoria Bank & Trust, 706 S.W.2d 676, 680 (Tex.
App.--Corpus Christi 1986, writ ref'd n.r.e.); Sweeny Bank v. Ritchie, Hopson & Assocs., Inc.,
628 S.W.2d 175, 177 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1982, writ ref'd n.r.e.); see American
Express Co. v. Monfort Food Distrib. Co., 545 S.W.2d 49, 52 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.
1976, no writ)(when garnishee's answer does not respond to questions in writ, court may regard
answer as no answer and render default judgment).
	However, default judgment is not the exclusive remedy in a case in which the
garnishee fails to file a proper answer.  Sweeny Bank, 628 S.W.2d at 176.  The trial court may
properly render a summary judgment on the garnishor's motion.  Id.  The situation is analogous
to one in which the defendant in a suit on a sworn account does not file a sworn answer as Texas
Rule of Civil Procedure 185 requires.  In the absence of a sworn denial, the account is received
as prima facie evidence against the defendant who may not dispute the receipt of the items or
services or the correctness of the stated charges.  Rizk v. Financial Guardian Ins. Agency, Inc.,
584 S.W.2d 860, 862 (Tex. 1979); Cooper v. Scott Irrigation Constr., Inc., 838 S.W.2d 743,
745-46 (Tex. App.--El Paso 1992, no writ).  Accordingly, a fact issue as to whether the defendant
owes the amount claimed does not exist and summary judgment is proper.  Brightwell v. Barlow,
Gardner, Tucker & Garsek, 619 S.W.2d 249, 253 (Tex. Civ. App--Fort Worth 1981, no writ);
see Hidalgo v. Surety Sav. & Loan Ass'n, 462 S.W.2d 540, 543 n.1 (Tex. 1971).
	Here, El Periodico's unsworn answer did not controvert the prima facie proof
established by Parks' sworn application for writ of garnishment.  Because the answer did not raise
an issue of fact, summary judgment was proper.  See Sweeny Bank, 628 S.W.2d at 176.  Because
we may affirm the summary judgment on this basis, we do not address El Periodico's points of
error.  See Malooly Bros., Inc. v. Napier, 461 S.W.2d 119, 121 (Tex. 1970); Reese v. Beaumont
Bank, N.A., 790 S.W.2d 801, 803-04 (Tex. App.--Beaumont 1990, no writ).  The judgment of the
trial court is affirmed.

Before Chief Justice Carroll, Justices Jones and Kidd
Affirmed
Filed:   March 29, 1995
Do Not Publish  Released for publication May 1, 1996.  Tex. R. App. P. 90(c).
1.      1  Because El Periodico appeals by writ of error, the error must be apparent from the face of
the record.  DSC Fin. Corp., 815 S.W.2d 551, 551 (Tex. 1991); Griffith v. Griffith, 860 S.W.2d
252, 254 (Tex. App.--Tyler 1993, no writ).

ne, Inc. v. Crow-Gottesman-Shafer #1, 734 S.W.2d 114, 116 (Tex. App.--Austin 1987, no writ); see Stubbs, 685
S.W.2d at 644-45; Norman v. Dallas Cowboys Football Club, 665 S.W.2d 137, 138-39 (Tex.
App.--Dallas 1983, no writ).  We overrule Parks' cross-point.
	Because El Periodico did not file a response to Parks' motion for summary
judgment, it can attack the judgment only on the basis that Parks did not establish his right to
summary judgment as a matter of law. (1) City of Houston v. Clear Creek Basin Auth.