            If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
                 revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.




                          STATE OF MICHIGAN

                           COURT OF APPEALS


PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,                                    UNPUBLISHED
                                                                    May 21, 2020
               Plaintiff-Appellee,

v                                                                   No. 346834
                                                                    Ingham Circuit Court
WILBERT EDMOND,                                                     LC No. 17-001067-FC

               Defendant-Appellant.


Before: RONAYNE KRAUSE, P.J., and SERVITTO and REDFORD, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

        Defendant appeals by right his jury convictions of first-degree premeditated murder, MCL
750.316(1)(a); possession of a firearm by a felon (felon-in-possession), MCL 750.224f; and
possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony (felony-firearm), MCL 750.227b. The
trial court sentenced defendant to serve two-years’ imprisonment for his felony-firearm conviction
to be followed by concurrent prison terms of life without the possibility of parole for his first-
degree murder conviction and 48 months to 80 months’ imprisonment for his felon-in-possession
conviction. We affirm.

                                I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND

         On February 3, 2017, a group of people including defendant, his brother-in-law, Greg
Williams, Jaqueline Boose, Allison Browne, and Westely Cheeks, Browne’s boyfriend, attended
a party at Lindsay Patton’s house to celebrate the birth of the daughter of the victim, Thomas
George. Browne testified at trial that during the party defendant became upset because the victim
acted disrespectful toward defendant causing him to become angry. Defendant left the party with
Williams. About 30 minutes later defendant and Williams returned. Browne and Patton each
testified that defendant entered the home with a semiautomatic handgun. Only defendant was
armed. Defendant and Williams restrained the victim and Patton saw defendant shoot
approximately three to five rounds at the victim. Browne testified that she heard the first gunshot
as she ran out the back door. Patton testified that he also ran out of the home. Defendant and
Williams fled the scene. When Patton returned, he found the victim unresponsive with multiple




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gunshot wounds. He called 911. The hospital pronounced the victim dead and an autopsy revealed
that he died of multiple gunshot wounds.

        Both Patton and Browne were not forthcoming with information during their initial police
interviews. However, each later identified defendant as the shooter. Browne testified that Cheeks
told her that defendant shot the victim. Browne also testified that defendant told her a few months
after the victim’s death that he shot the victim in self-defense. Cheeks did not testify because he
was murdered by defendant’s nephew about two months after the victim’s murder. Cheeks’s
murder prompted Browne to provide the police additional information regarding the victim’s
shooting. During trial, Browne testified that Cheeks was murdered in Boose’s house while she
and Boose were present. Browne testified that she had not initially been forthcoming with police
regarding the investigation of the victim’s death because she feared for her life and that she had
been threatened.

                                            II. ANALYSIS

        Defendant first argues that the trial court abused its discretion during his trial by allowing
irrelevant evidence about the circumstances of Cheeks’s murder. We disagree.

        We review a trial court’s decision to admit or exclude evidence for an abuse of discretion.
People v Burns, 494 Mich 104, 110; 832 NW2d 738 (2013). An abuse of discretion occurs where
the trial court chooses an outcome that falls outside the range of principled outcomes. People v
Babcock, 469 Mich 247, 269, 666 NW2d 231 (2003).

        Evidence must be relevant to be admissible. MRE 402. Relevant evidence is “evidence
having any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination
of the action more probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence.” MRE 401.
Proffered evidence must be material, i.e., of consequence to the action, and probative. People v
Mills, 450 Mich 61, 67; 537 NW2d 909 (1995), modified on other grounds 450 Mich 1212 (1995).
“[A] material fact need not be an element of a crime or cause of action or defense but it must, at
least, be in issue in the sense that it is within the range of litigated matters in controversy.” Id. at
68 (quotation marks and citation omitted). “[E]vidence may be admitted to assist in the evaluation
of the credibility of a witness.” Id. at 72 (quotation marks and citation omitted). “[T]he test is
whether the evidence will aid the court or jury in determining the probative value of other evidence
offered to affect the probability of the existence of a consequential fact.” Id. (quotation marks and
citation omitted, emphasis in the original). “If a witness is offering relevant testimony, whether
that witness is truthfully and accurately testifying is itself relevant because it affects the probability
of the existence of a consequential fact.” Id. Further, the interests and biases of witnesses are
always relevant. People v Layher, 464 Mich 756, 764; 631 NW2d 281 (2001).

        In this case, the trial court limited the extent of evidence presented regarding Cheeks’s
murder. Cheeks’s murder had relevance to why Cheeks could not testify at trial. Further, evidence
regarding Cheeks’s murder had relevance regarding Browne’s credibility as a witness. The record
reflects that she failed to be entirely truthful when she first provided a statement to the police. Her
lack of candor arose out of fear following the victim’s and Cheeks’s murders. Cheeks’s murder
caused Browne to initially withhold information that she later provided to the police. Later, when
interviewed again by the police, Browne told police that defendant admitted to shooting the victim.


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Therefore, the evidence was relevant to assist in the evaluation of Browne’s credibility as a
witness. Defendant’s contention that Browne’s testimony—she feared for her life and had been
threatened—was irrelevant lacks merit. Such testimony had relevance to assist the jury in
evaluating her credibility as a witness.

       Defendant argues that, even if relevant, the trial court should have excluded it under MRE
403 because the evidence was substantially more prejudicial than probative by associating
defendant with the murder of Cheeks. We disagree.

       “Evidence is unfairly prejudicial when there exists a danger that marginally probative
evidence will be given undue or preemptive weight by the jury.” People v Crawford, 458 Mich
376, 398; 582 NW2d 785 (1998). In this case, the record reflects that the trial court limited the
evidence of Cheeks’s murder and precluded any evidence that defendant had been present when
his nephew committed the murder. The evidence that the trial court permitted did not place
defendant at the scene of Cheeks’s murder or suggest that defendant had any involvement in
Cheeks’s murder. Therefore, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by allowing limited
evidence of the circumstances of Cheeks’s murder.

         Next, defendant argues that the prosecutor committed misconduct and violated his right to
a fair trial when he deliberately elicited irrelevant and unfairly prejudicial testimony regarding
Cheeks’s murder and urged the jury to convict him on the basis of their civic duty and fears.
Defendant also argues that he was denied effective assistance of counsel because his counsel failed
to object to the prosecutor’s misconduct. These arguments lack merit.

        “In order to preserve a claim of prosecutorial misconduct for appellate review, a defendant
must have timely and specifically objected below, unless objection could not have cured the error.”
People v Brown, 294 Mich App 377, 382; 811 NW2d 531 (2011). Defendant failed to object to
the prosecutor’s conduct or statements that he deems improper on appeal; therefore, he failed to
preserve his claim of prosecutorial misconduct. “Where a defendant fails to object to an alleged
prosecutorial impropriety, the issue is reviewed for plain error.” People v Cooper, 309 Mich App
74, 88; 867 NW2d 452 (2015) (quotation marks and citations omitted). Defendant must establish
(1) an error occurred, 2) the error was plain, i.e., clear or obvious, 3) and the plain error affected
his substantial rights. People v Carines, 460 Mich 750, 763; 597 NW2d 130 (1999). An error
affects substantial rights when “the error affected the outcome of the lower court proceedings.”
Id. “Reversal is warranted only when plain error resulted in the conviction of an actually innocent
defendant or seriously affected the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.”
People v Callon, 256 Mich App 312, 329; 662 NW2d 501 (2003).

        In general, prosecutors are given great latitude regarding their conduct and arguments
during trial. People v Bahoda, 448 Mich 261, 282; 531 NW2d 659 (1995). Prosecutors are also
“free to argue the evidence and all reasonable inferences from the evidence as it relates to their
theory of the case.” Id. (quotation marks, citation, and brackets omitted). As previously discussed,
the trial court appropriately limited the evidence of the circumstances of Cheeks’s murder to
matters relevant to this case and such evidence did not prejudice defendant. Even if the trial court
erred, the record reflects that the prosecutor had a good-faith basis for seeking the admission of
the evidence, and therefore, such conduct did not constitute misconduct. People v Ackerman, 257



                                                 -3-
Mich App 434, 448; 669 NW2d 818 (2003). Defendant has failed to establish that the prosecution
acted in bad faith.

        Defendant also argues that the prosecutor improperly referenced Cheeks’s murder during
closing arguments. We disagree. The record reflects that the prosecutor referenced the matter to
argue why the jury should believe Browne and find her trial testimony credible. “[A] prosecutor
may comment on his own witnesses’ credibility during closing argument, especially when there is
conflicting evidence and the question of the defendant’s guilt depends on which witnesses the jury
believes.” People v Thomas, 260 Mich App 450, 455; 678 NW2d 631 (2004). Further, “the
prosecutor may argue from the facts that a witness should be believed.” People v Seals, 285 Mich
App 1, 22; 776 NW2d 314 (2009) (quotation marks and citation omitted). Therefore, the
prosecutor did not commit misconduct.

         Defendant argues that his counsel provided him ineffective assistance by failing to object
to the alleged misconduct of the prosecutor. The prosecutor, however, did not commit misconduct.
“Failing to advance a meritless argument or raise a futile objection does not constitute ineffective
assistance of counsel.” People v Ericksen, 288 Mich App 192, 201; 793 NW2d 120 (2010).
Defendant, therefore, cannot establish that his counsel failed to provide him effective assistance.

        Lastly, defendant argues that the prosecution presented insufficient evidence to establish
that he murdered the victim. Defendant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence on the grounds
that Patton and Browne lacked credibility, the ballistics and forensic evidence were inconclusive,
the police never found the murder weapon, and another gun may have been used to perpetrate the
shooting. Defendant’s argument lacks merit.

        We review de novo a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence. People v Bailey, 310
Mich App 703, 713; 873 NW2d 855 (2015). When determining whether the prosecution presented
sufficient evidence to support a conviction, we view the evidence “in a light most favorable to the
prosecutor to determine whether any trier of fact could find the essential elements of the crime
were proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” People v Reese, 491 Mich 127, 139; 815 NW2d 85
(2012) (quotation marks and citation omitted). In People v Oros, 502 Mich 229, 239; 917 NW2d
559 (2018) (quotation marks, citations, alteration, and emphasis omitted), this Court explained:

       the standard of review is deferential: a reviewing court is required to draw all
       reasonable inferences and make credibility choices in support of the jury verdict.
       The scope of review is the same whether the evidence is direct or circumstantial.
       Circumstantial evidence and reasonable inferences arising from that evidence can
       constitute satisfactory proof of the elements of a crime. It is for the trier of fact, not
       the appellate court, to determine what inferences may be fairly drawn from the
       evidence and to determine the weight to be accorded those inferences.

        To be found guilty of first-degree premeditated murder, the prosecution must prove beyond
a reasonable doubt that the murder was “perpetrated by means of poison, lying in wait, or any other
willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing.” MCL 750.316(1)(a). The elements of first-degree
murder are “(1) the intentional killing of a human (2) with premeditation and deliberation.” People
v Bennett, 290 Mich App 465, 472; 802 NW2d 627 (2010). “Identity is an essential element of
every crime.” People v Fairey, 325 Mich App 645, 649; 928 NW2d 705 (2018).


                                                  -4-
        The determination of the credibility of witnesses and the weight of the evidence are issues
for the jury, to which this Court defers. Oros, 502 Mich at 239. Further, the record reflects that
ample evidence supported the jury’s determination of defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
Witnesses at Patton’s house on the night of the murder observed defendant become angry at the
victim, leave the party, and return later with a semiautomatic handgun. Patton and Browne
identified defendant as the shooter. They both testified that defendant entered Patton’s home with
a gun and that no one else was armed. They both testified that they saw defendant and Williams
restraining the victim. Patton testified that he saw defendant shoot multiple times at the victim.
Browne testified that she heard the first gunshot before she ran out of the back door of Patton’s
home. Browne also testified that Cheeks told her that defendant shot the victim multiple times,
and that defendant admitted to her that he shot the victim. Patton and Browne also testified that
defendant wore a red hat during the shooting. A red hat was found at the crime scene that had
defendant’s DNA on it. When viewed in the light most favorable to the prosecution, the
prosecution presented sufficient evidence for a reasonable jury to find beyond a reasonable doubt
that defendant committed first-degree premeditated murder.

       Affirmed.

                                                            /s/ Amy Ronayne Krause
                                                            /s/ Deborah A. Servitto
                                                            /s/ James Robert Redford




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