                             ILLINOIS OFFICIAL REPORTS
                                           Appellate Court




                           In re Marriage of Rice, 2011 IL App (1st) 103753




Appellate Court               In re MARRIAGE OF MADONNA RICE, Petitioner-Appellee, and
Caption                       DANIEL RICE, Respondent-Appellant.



District & No.                First District, Sixth Division
                              Docket No. 1-10-3753


Opinion filed                 December 9, 2011
Rehearing denied              January 18, 2012
Modified opinion filed        January 20, 2012
Held                          On appeal from a trial court’s postjudgment orders in dissolution
(Note: This syllabus          proceedings, the trial court’s modification of respondent’s child support
constitutes no part of        obligation by setting a lump-sum obligation rendered inapplicable the
the opinion of the court      reduction provision of the parties’ marital settlement agreement reducing
but has been prepared         respondent’s obligation by 24% as each child became emancipated and
by the Reporter of            his support obligation was set at $700 per month until his youngest child
Decisions for the             was emancipated and mandatory interest accrued on his delinquent child
convenience of the            support beginning on April 23, 1991, the most recent date in which an
reader.)
                              arrearage was calculated by the court.


Decision Under                Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, No. 82-D-9896; the Hon.
Review                        David Haracz, Judge, presiding.



Judgment                      Affirmed.
Counsel on                  Nichole M. Capraro, of Stewart & Capraro, of Oak Park, and Daniel J.
Appeal                      Rice, of Forest Park, for appellant.

                            Marie I. Murphy, of Des Plaines, for appellee.


Panel                       PRESIDING JUSTICE R. GORDON delivered the judgment of the court,
                            with opinion.
                            Justices Garcia and Lampkin concurred in the judgment and opinion.



                                              OPINION

¶1           This case concerns the amount of past-due child support that is owed by respondent
        Daniel Rice to his former wife, petitioner Madonna Rice. The parties divorced in 1982 and
        entered into a marital settlement agreement concerning the amount of child support Daniel
        would be required to pay, which was incorporated into the judgment for dissolution of
        marriage; the agreement included a provision that as each of the couple’s four minor children
        emancipated, the support obligation would decrease by “one quarter” (the reduction
        provision). In 1990, the postjudgment court entered an order for “temporary support,”
        modifying the amount of child support Daniel was to pay, and the order did not mention the
        reduction provision. By 2009, all four of the parties’ children were emancipated, and Daniel
        was in arrears approximately $40,000, including interest that began accruing in 2006.
        However, at Madonna’s request, the interest calculation was changed to reflect interest
        accruing beginning in 1991, resulting in a revised arrearage amount of approximately
        $80,000. Daniel filed a petition for clarification of his child support obligations and the
        arrearage amount. The trial court found that the reduction provision did not control the
        amount of child support owed and that the larger interest calculation was correct. The court
        denied Daniel’s motion to reconsider and Daniel appeals, arguing that: (1) the 1990 court
        order modifying Daniel’s child support obligation had no effect on the reduction provision,
        (2) the reduction provision was not against public policy and that argument should be barred
        by laches, (3) the 1990 court order was within the guidelines of the Illinois Marriage and
        Dissolution of Marriage Act (the Marriage Act) (750 ILCS 5/101 et seq. (West 2008)), and
        (4) the Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services cannot assess interest for sums
        owed prior to January 1, 2000, since that is within the discretion of the trial court. We affirm.

¶2                                         BACKGROUND
¶3          The parties were married in 1972 and four children were born during the course of their
        marriage. On May 24, 1982, Madonna filed a petition for dissolution of marriage. At the time
        of the filing of the petition, Madonna was a housewife and Daniel was an attorney in private
        practice as a solo attorney. Madonna requested custody of the parties’ children.

                                                  -2-
¶4        On March 31, 1983, the trial court entered a judgment for dissolution of marriage.
     Incorporated into the judgment was a marital settlement agreement (the agreement) entered
     into by the parties. Article III of the agreement concerned the support of the parties’ children.
     It stated that “the Husband shall pay to the Wife the sum of 42% of his net income as and for
     child support with a minimum of $312.50 per month per child” and further stated that the
     support payments were based on Daniel’s represented “gross receipts of $86,000 in 1982.”
     Article III also contained the reduction provision, which provided: “Husband’s obligation for
     support shall be reduced by one-fourth as each child attains the age of 18, dies, marries or
     becomes emanicipated [sic], whichever event occurs earlier.”
¶5        On March 31, 1983, the same day as the entry of the judgment for dissolution of
     marriage, the court also entered a family support memorandum of judgment. In that
     document, Daniel’s net income was listed as $30,000 per year and his support payments were
     to be made payable to the clerk of the court at $1,250 per month. Additionally, the
     memorandum of judgment listed prospective dates of termination of support for each child,
     and stated that “as children cease to be eligible for support, support payments to clerk shall
     be reduced as follows,” followed by a list indicating that the support payments would
     decrease by one quarter as each child ceased to be eligible for support.
¶6        In 1984, the legislature amended section 505 of the Marriage Act to add guidelines for
     calculating child support. See Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 40, ¶ 505. In 1988, the legislature
     amended section 510 of the Marriage Act to allow those who received child support pursuant
     to an order entered before the effective date of the support guidelines and whose support
     payments were below those in the guidelines one opportunity to petition the court for a
     modification of the support order to increase the amount of child support to the amount
     specified under the guidelines. See Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 40, ¶ 510 (as amended by Pub.
     Act 85-1001 (eff. July 1, 1988)).
¶7        On September 18, 1989, the State, on Madonna’s behalf, filed a petition for rule to show
     cause for Daniel’s failure to pay child support and for modification of the child support
     amount pursuant to the amendment in the statute. The petition claimed that Daniel was in
     arrears in the amount of $9,505 and also requested increased support in conformity with the
     guidelines of section 505 of the Marriage Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 40, ¶ 505).
¶8        On March 27, 1990, the parties came before the court on the issue of determining current
     support and arrears. The trial court entered an agreed “order for support” and “judgment
     order for arrearages.” The order stated that “Respondent is self employed[,] income v[a]ries”
     and found that Daniel was in arrears $20,662. The court further ordered Daniel to pay $2,000
     per month, $1,250 for current support and $750 to be applied to the arrears until it was paid
     in full; the order stated that “[u]npaid arrears bear interest.” The order also stated that
     “[c]urrent support is based upon guidelines (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985 Ch. 40 Par. 505).” The court
     continued the matter to June 19, 1990, noting that “Respondent is to remain current–if
     Respondent is not current by 6-19-90 contempt hearing will proceed.”
¶9        On June 19, 1990, the parties again came before the court on the matter of “child
     support.” The court ordered Daniel to make his June payment within the next seven days and
     continued the matter to October 16, 1990, for payment status. The order also stated that if


                                               -3
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       Daniel was not current on the next court date, a contempt hearing would occur. On October
       16, 1990, the trial court found that Daniel was $23,412 in arrears and entered an order for a
       body attachment, noting that the matter was before it “on the return of a Rule to Show
       Cause” against Daniel and that Daniel had been ordered to appear on the rule but had failed
       to appear.
¶ 10       On October 23, 1990, the trial court held a hearing on Daniel’s motion to vacate the body
       attachment and also considered the matter of “child support and[/]or arrearage.” The trial
       court entered two orders, one vacating the body attachment order and one for “temporary[1]
       support and arrears.” The court found that Daniel was $21,312 in arrears and entered a
       judgment against Daniel and in Madonna’s favor in that amount. The court ordered Daniel
       to pay $750 per month, $700 of which was for current support and $50 for arrears until the
       arrearage was paid. The matter was continued to April 23, 1991, “to reconsider [the] arrears”
       payment.
¶ 11       On April 23, 1991, the court ordered Daniel to “make payment of $3,000.00 within 21
       days toward the arrearage of $23,812 as of 4/30/91.” Over the next two years, the case was
       continued a number of times, with Daniel periodically being ordered to make payments on
       his current and past-due support. The court removed the matter from its call on November
       16, 1993.
¶ 12       On December 3, 1993, Daniel filed a pro se petition to reduce child support. The petition
       claimed that under the marital settlement agreement, support payments were to be reduced
       by 25% as each child reached the age of 18; the petition further stated that one of Daniel’s
       children had reached the age of 18 and graduated from high school. The petition claimed that
       Daniel had been current in his payments of $700 per month, as required in the October 23,
       1990, court order, as well as an additional $50 per month paid by agreement with the State’s
       Attorney’s office. Daniel requested that the court reduce the amount of current support he
       was required to pay by $175, which represented the 25% reduction, and apply that $175 per
       month toward the arrearage; in short, the total amount he was to pay would remain the same,
       but the funds would be allocated differently. The record does not contain a disposition of this
       pro se petition.2
¶ 13       The next document in the record is an order to withhold income for child support, dated
       April 27, 2001, and sent to “Danile Rice.” The order stated that $200 per month was to be


               1
                The order was called an order for temporary support even though there was no subsequent
       order modifying the amount of child support. See 750 ILCS 5/501(d)(3) (West 2008) (a temporary
       order “terminates when the final judgment is entered”). The record also does not indicate that either
       party filed a petition to modify the support amount other than the petition that was filed on
       September 18, 1989. In his reply brief, Daniel claims that he filed a petition for modification on
       October 23, 1990, and that the order was issued after a “full hearing” held on the same day.
       However, the petition is not contained in the record on appeal and Madonna’s brief claims that no
       petition or motion was ever filed.
               2
                Madonna’s brief states that no order was ever entered disposing of the petition and Daniel’s
       reply brief states that he never requested a hearing on the petition.

                                                   -4
                                                    4-
       deducted from Daniel’s income; $50 of the amount was designated for past-due support, and
       $150 was allocated to delinquency totaling $21,175.3
¶ 14       On January 29, 2010, Daniel filed a petition to clarify child support obligations and
       determine arrearage. Daniel claimed that, pursuant to the marital settlement agreement and
       the October 23, 1990, order modifying the amount of child support payments, he was
       required to pay $700 per month until each of his children turned 18. He claimed that his first
       child turned 18 on November 23, 1993, at which time his monthly support obligation was
       reduced to $525 per month. His second child turned 18 on November 3, 1995, at which time
       Daniel’s monthly support obligation was reduced to $393.75. Daniel’s third child turned 18
       on October 31, 1997, at which time his monthly support obligation was reduced to $295.91
       per month. His youngest child turned 18 on September 20, 1999. Thus, Daniel claimed that
       as of October 1, 1999, he no longer had any current support obligations.
¶ 15       Daniel claimed that on April 18, 2007, the Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family
       Services (IDHFS) sent an order to withhold income for child support in which Daniel’s
       monthly obligation for arrearages was listed at $140 per month until the total arrearage
       amount of $7,987 plus interest was paid in full. Daniel further claimed that on August 5,
       2009, IDHFS sent him correspondence indicating that he had a total arrearage of $80,262.71
       as of April 30, 2009, and he disputed the amount of arrearage and the amount due and owing
       for child support.
¶ 16       Daniel claimed that the state’s Child Support Program tendered him a support calculation
       worksheet, in which it did not take into account the automatic reduction in support. Thus,
       Daniel requested that the child support and arrearage amounts be clarified in an order which
       took into account the marital settlement agreement and October 23, 1990, order.
¶ 17       The correspondence Daniel discussed in his petition was a letter dated August 5, 2009,
       from IDHFS to him where it stated that as of April 30, 2009, the amount of past-due support
       was $38,104.25, including $9,327.25 in interest; Madonna disagreed with the total figure,
       stating that she thought it should be more. When reviewing the support calculation, the
       coordinator informed Madonna that the arrearage amount included interest calculated
       beginning January 1, 2006. The letter indicated that “[i]t has been the [IDHFS Division of
       Child Support Enforcement’s (DCSE)] practice to charge interest beginning January 1, 2006,
       unless a calculation will be used in Circuit Court or at the request of a custodial parent.”
       Madonna requested that interest be charged beginning May 1, 1987, or April 23, 1991, which
       was the date that the circuit court found that Daniel owed $23,812. The letter indicated that
       “[a]s a result of Madonna Rice’s request and the fact that this matter may be litigated in
       Circuit Court, DCSE will be utilizing the calculation[ ] which calculated interest beginning[ ]
       April 23, 1991.” The total amount of Daniel’s past-due support was thus $80,262.17 as of


               3
                While the order does not specify the difference between past-due support and delinquency,
       the Income Withholding for Support Act defines delinquency as “any payment *** under an order
       for support which becomes due and remains unpaid after entry of the order for support.” 750 ILCS
       28/15(c) (West 2008). Thus, the “past-due” support was that support owed prior to the entry of the
       October 23, 1990, order of support, while the “delinquency” accrued after the entry of the order.

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       April 30, 2009.
¶ 18       On September 3, 2010, the trial court issued a written order concerning Daniel’s petition
       for clarification. The court reviewed the terms of the judgment for dissolution of marriage,
       including that pursuant to article III of the marital settlement agreement, Daniel “was
       grossing $86,000 per year at the time.” The court found that Daniel’s child support obligation
       was modified on October 23, 1990, and that at no time after that order did Daniel file a
       motion to modify the child support figure, including upon the emancipation of any of his
       children. The court found that Daniel’s child support obligation continued to accrue at $700
       per month from October 1990 through September 20, 1999. The court also found that at no
       time did Daniel ever remain current in his child support obligations and that, pursuant to the
       May 5, 2009, support calculation worksheet prepared by the State of Illinois Child Support
       Program, Daniel owed $80,262.17 in back child support and statutory interest.
¶ 19       The court rejected Daniel’s contention that his child support obligation should have
       automatically been reduced 25% as each child became emancipated. The court noted that if
       that was the case, then support for Daniel’s youngest child would have been $175 per month
       for approximately the last two months of the child’s minority. The court found that “[c]learly,
       this level of child support would be a downward deviation from the statutory guidelines” and
       “[n]o finding of good cause was ever made by a court for such a deviation as required by 750
       ILCS 5/505(a)(2).” The court further found that the October 23, 1990, order of support
       modified the relevant portions of article III of the marital settlement agreement, including the
       reduction provision.
¶ 20       Additionally, the court found that implementation of the reduction provision of the
       marital settlement agreement “is counter to public policy and is not enforceable.” The court
       found that if Daniel wanted that provision to be applied, “he had an obligation to request the
       Court to modify the current support order, and if necessary, to make the express finding for
       allowing a deviation from the statute. [Daniel] never did this.” The court held that the
       October 23, 1990, order of support remained in effect until the emancipation of the youngest
       child on September 20, 1999, and that the support calculation worksheet of May 5, 2009,
       “appears to be correct through that date,” with statutory interest continuing to accrue.
       Accordingly, the court denied Daniel’s request to apply the marital settlement agreement to
       recalculate the arrearage and ordered an account adjustment review to update the interest and
       total amounts Daniel owed.
¶ 21       On September 14, 2010, Daniel filed a motion to reconsider the trial court’s September
       3, 2010, ruling. Daniel claimed that the ruling “is based upon two findings that neither party
       directly addressed or considered,” namely, the finding that the October 23, 1990, order “was
       not a guideline order,” and the finding that the child support reduction provision was void
       as being against public policy. On December 15, 2010,4 the trial court denied Daniel’s
       motion to reconsider and found no just reason to delay enforcement or appeal. On the same
       day, Daniel filed a notice of appeal.



              4
                  The order is not dated, but the record indicates that it was entered on December 15, 2010.

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                                                     6-
¶ 22                                       ANALYSIS
¶ 23       On appeal, Daniel argues: (1) the October 23, 1990, court order modifying Daniel’s child
       support obligation had no effect on the reduction provision, (2) the reduction provision was
       not against public policy and the public policy argument should be barred by laches, (3) the
       October 23, 1990, court order was within the guidelines of the Marriage Act, and (4) the
       IDHFS cannot assess interest for sums owed prior to January 1, 2000, since that is within the
       discretion of the trial court.

¶ 24                             I. Validity of Reduction Provision
¶ 25       The circuit court found that the reduction provision did not apply to Daniel’s support
       obligation and gave three reasons for its conclusion: (1) the October 23, 1990, order modified
       the relevant support provisions of the marital settlement agreement; (2) if the reduction
       provision was applicable, the amount of support would have been below the guidelines
       imposed by the Marriage Act; and (3) the implementation of the reduction provision was
       against public policy because it permitted modification of the support obligation without
       court intervention. Daniel argues that none of the three rationales applies. First, he argues
       that the provision remained in effect despite the court’s October 23, 1990, order modifying
       his child support obligation. Second, he argues that the reduction provision was not against
       public policy and that, if the issue had been raised by Madonna instead of by the trial court
       sua sponte, the argument should have been barred by laches. Finally, he argues that the
       October 23, 1990, court order was within the guidelines of the Marriage Act. We note that
       we owe no deference to the trial court’s interpretation of the October 23, 1990, order, as it
       involves no factual findings but is a purely legal question, much like the interpretation of a
       statute or contract. See Stojkovich v. Monadnock Building, 281 Ill. App. 3d 733, 742 (1996)
       (“When an issue is decided as a matter of law, review of a trial court’s decision on the matter
       is generally de novo.”).

¶ 26                     A. Effect of 1990 Order on Reduction Provision
¶ 27        First, we consider whether the trial court’s 1990 order for “temporary” support affected
       the reduction provision. In the case at bar, the trial court ordered Daniel to pay $700 per
       month for his support obligations but made no mention of the marital settlement agreement
       or the reduction provision. Daniel argues that the 1990 order only modified the amount of
       support and had no effect on the reduction provision, which continued to apply. We do not
       find Daniel’s argument persuasive.
¶ 28       Daniel’s initial support obligation, set forth in the agreement incorporated into the
       judgment for dissolution of marriage, provided that “the Husband shall pay to the Wife the
       sum of 42% of his net income as and for child support with a minimum of $312.50 per
       month per child” and further stated that “Husband’s obligation for support shall be reduced
       by one-fourth as each child attains the age of 18, dies, marries or becomes emanicipated [sic],
       whichever event occurs earlier.” Thus, the terms of the agreement allocated the support
       obligation per child and provided a provision for reduction of the award as the children were
       emancipated that corresponded to the support allocated to each child.

                                                 -7
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¶ 29        However, the child support obligation was modified twice, and the modified support
       orders also modified the provisions of the marital settlement agreement concerning Daniel’s
       support obligations. See 750 ILCS 5/502(f) (West 2008) (“[T]erms of an agreement set forth
       in the judgment are automatically modified by modification of the judgment.”); see also 750
       ILCS 5/502(b) (West 2008); Blisset v. Blisset, 123 Ill. 2d 161, 167 (1988) (the court is not
       bound by agreements providing for the support, custody, and visitation of children). After
       the 1984 amendment to the Marriage Act imposed child support guidelines, the trial court
       entered a support order pursuant to Madonna’s petition setting Daniel’s obligation as $1,250
       per month for support. This order made no mention of allocating the support amount per
       child and stated that it was pursuant to the guidelines. The order also did not refer to the
       parties’ marital settlement agreement. Similarly, the court’s subsequent “temporary” order
       on October 23, 1990, set Daniel’s child support obligation as $700 per month for current
       support. Like the earlier order, it did not allocate this amount among the parties’ children or
       make any mention of the marital settlement agreement.
¶ 30        Daniel argues that the fact that the trial court’s order was silent with regard to the
       reduction provision means that the provision remains in effect. We disagree. Daniel’s
       argument relies on us finding that the October 23, 1990, order solely modified the dollar
       amount of his support obligation. However, examining that order, and the March 27, 1990,
       order preceding it, demonstrates that the trial court made more extensive modifications to the
       support obligation. First, as noted, the modifications make no mention of the reduction
       provision or the marital settlement agreement at all. Moreover, the modifications changed
       the character of the obligation from payments that were allocated among the children to an
       unallocated lump-sum support obligation. Thus, since the support orders made several
       important modifications to Daniel’s support obligation, we cannot find that the trial court’s
       silence on the reduction provision means that the provision remained in effect. Indeed, given
       the law concerning reduction of support payments in the case of an unallocated lump-sum
       support obligation, we find that the opposite result follows and the provision was no longer
       applicable.
¶ 31        In the case of an unallocated lump-sum support obligation, a party may not unilaterally
       reduce the amount of support paid and must petition the court for any modifications. In
       Finley v. Finley, 81 Ill. 2d 317, 329 (1980), the Illinois Supreme Court held that “the
       unilateral pro rata reduction of lump-sum periodic support payments for the benefit of more
       than one child upon the emancipation of a child is impermissible” both under the Marriage
       Act and under the common law. The court noted that a support order involves the
       consideration of a number of factors, including the noncustodial parent’s ability to pay, so
       the amount awarded may not accurately provide for the needs of the children. Finley, 81 Ill.
       2d at 328. Thus, as the children become emancipated and are no longer entitled to support,
       “the original award may more accurately come to reflect the needs of the remaining
       children.” Finley, 81 Ill. 2d at 328. The court also stated that permitting one parent to equally
       divide the support among the children would be “in dereliction of the legislative guidelines”
       set forth in the Marriage Act and would infringe upon the court’s power to modify an award
       of support. Finley, 81 Ill. 2d at 328-29. The court reasoned that “[i]t is the function of the
       court to determine whether there should be a pro rata reduction in lump-sum periodic

                                                 -8
                                                  8-
       support payments when one of several children is emancipated, or whether other equitable
       considerations require that the reduction be a lower amount, or in fact whether there should
       be any reduction in the payments.” Finley, 81 Ill. 2d at 329. Thus, the court held that such
       a reduction is impermissible and that the parent should petition the court to reduce the
       support obligation in light of changed circumstances. Finley, 81 Ill. 2d at 329.
¶ 32        Daniel argues that Finley does not apply because he was not attempting to make a
       unilateral pro rata reduction but was merely applying the provision agreed to by the parties
       in their marital settlement agreement. We do not find this argument persuasive. As noted, the
       support orders entered by the trial court modified Daniel’s support obligations, including
       those provisions in the marital settlement agreement concerning child support. Daniel
       provides us no authority for the proposition that a reduction provision remains in effect when
       the trial court changes the character of the support obligation and is silent on the reduction
       provision’s continued effect.
¶ 33        Furthermore, we find Daniel’s reliance on In re Marriage of Sweders, 296 Ill. App. 3d
       919 (1998), to be misplaced. In Sweders, the parties entered into a marital settlement
       agreement, incorporated into the judgment for dissolution of marriage, that included a
       provision requiring the husband to pay child support until each child’s emancipation, which
       was defined as “ ‘[t]he child’s reaching majority or completing his education, whichever is
       later but not beyond age 22.’ ” (Emphasis omitted.) Sweders, 296 Ill. App. 3d at 920. The
       husband’s support obligation was subsequently modified, and the support order stated that
       “ ‘all other terms of the Judgment for Dissolution of Marriage shall remain in full force and
       effect.’ ” Sweders, 296 Ill. App. 3d at 921. The husband was later awarded custody of the
       parties’ youngest child, and the trial court ordered the wife to pay child support to the
       husband until the child reached age 22. Sweders, 296 Ill. App. 3d at 921. The appellate court
       upheld the trial court’s order, finding that the agreement entered into by the parties defined
       the age at which the child became emancipated. Sweders, 296 Ill. App. 3d at 922.
¶ 34        Daniel analogizes his situation to that in Sweders, arguing that in both cases, the trial
       court was obligated to follow the terms of the marital settlement agreement. However, in
       Sweders, the trial court expressly noted in its order that the terms of the agreement would
       remain in effect despite the modification of support. See Sweders, 296 Ill. App. 3d at 921.
       By contrast, in the case at bar, the trial court was silent on the issue of the agreement. Thus,
       we do not find Sweders applicable to the situation at bar.
¶ 35        In the agreement, as noted, there was an allocation of the support obligation per child,
       with each child being allocated an equal share of the obligation, which corresponded to the
       25% reduction as each child reached the age of majority. However, after the modifications
       of the support obligation, there was no longer an allocation of support but solely a lump-sum
       support obligation. It does not follow that the same pro rata reduction was agreed to by the
       parties in the absence of an allocation of the support obligation. If Daniel wished to reduce
       his child support obligation, whether by 25% or by any other amount, he was required to
       petition the court, at which point the trial court would determine whether Daniel was entitled




                                                 -9
                                                  9-
       to a reduction in his support obligation. Since he did not do so,5 the October 23, 1990, order
       remained in effect. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s finding that the reduction
       provision did not apply and that Daniel’s support obligation was based on a payment of $700
       per month until his youngest child was emancipated.

¶ 36                                    B. Other Arguments
¶ 37       Since we have found that the reduction provision did not apply to the October 23, 1990,
       order of support, there is no need for us to consider whether application of the provision
       violated public policy or comports with the Marriage Act child support guidelines. There is
       also no need for us to consider whether the public policy argument should have been barred
       by laches, since we affirm the trial court’s decision not on the basis of its public policy
       argument but for the reason that the support orders modified the marital settlement agreement
       and the reduction provision no longer applied.

¶ 38                                  II. Interest Calculation
¶ 39       Daniel also argues that the IDHFS improperly assessed interest beginning on April 23,
       1991, and argues that interest on any arrearage should have been imposed beginning on
       January 1, 2000. Daniel agrees that he was required to pay interest beginning on January 1,
       2000,6 so his argument solely focuses on the time between April 23, 1991, and January 1,
       2000.
¶ 40       Daniel argues that interest on child support prior to January 1, 2000, was discretionary
       and that, based on “equitable principles,” interest should only accrue in his case beginning
       on January 1, 2000. We agree with Madonna that this issue has been resolved by the Illinois
       Supreme Court, which held that interest on delinquent child support payments became
       mandatory in 1987 in its recent decision in Illinois Department of Healthcare & Family
       Services ex rel. Wiszowaty v. Wiszowaty, 239 Ill. 2d 483 (2011).
¶ 41       In Wiszowaty, the court found that interest became mandatory upon passage of Public Act
       85-2 (effective May 1, 1987), which amended the Marriage Act. In the public act, the
       legislature added the following provision to the Marriage Act:


               5
                 The record indicates that Daniel filed a petition for modification of his support obligation
       after his first child became emancipated. However, there is no disposition of that petition in the
       record and Daniel’s brief indicates that he never sought hearing on the petition.
               6
                 Beginning on January 1, 2000, section 505(b) of the Marriage Act was amended to provide
       that “[a] support obligation, or any portion of a support obligation, which becomes due and remains
       unpaid for 30 days or more shall accrue interest at the rate of 9% per annum.” 750 ILCS 5/505(b)
       (West 2000). The current language of section 505(b) provides that “[a] support obligation, or any
       portion of a support obligation, which becomes due and remains unpaid as of the end of each month,
       excluding the child support that was due for that month to the extent that it was not paid in that
       month, shall accrue simple interest as set forth in Section 12-109 of the Code of Civil Procedure.”
       750 ILCS 5/505(b) (West 2008).

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            “Any new or existing support order entered by the court under this Section shall be
            deemed to be a series of judgments against the person obligated to pay support
            thereunder, each such judgment to be in the amount of each payment or installment of
            support and each such judgment to be deemed entered as of the date of the corresponding
            payment or installment becomes due under the terms of the support order. Each such
            judgment shall have the full force, effect and attributes of any other judgment of this
            State, including the ability to be enforced.” Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 40, ¶ 505(c).
¶ 42        At the same time, the legislature also amended sections 12-109 and 2-1303 of the Code
       of Civil Procedure (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 110, ¶¶ 12-109, 2-1303). Section 12-109
       provided:
            “Interest on judgments. Every judgment except those arising by operation of law from
            child support orders shall bear interest thereon as provided in Section 2-1303. Every
            judgment arising by operation of law from a child support order shall bear interest as
            provided in Section 2-1303 commencing 30 days from the effective date of each
            judgment.” Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 110, ¶ 12-109.
       Section 2-1303 provided that “[j]udgments recovered in any court shall draw interest at the
       rate of 9% per annum from the date of the judgment until satisfied.” Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch.
       110, ¶ 2-1303.
¶ 43        The Wiszowaty court noted that the language in the amendments included the use of the
       word “shall,” which was generally used to indicate a mandatory requirement. Wiszowaty, 239
       Ill. 2d at 487. Accordingly, the court held that “under the plain and ordinary language of the
       foregoing statutory amendments, past-due child support payments began to bear mandatory
       interest on May 1, 1987.” Wiszowaty, 239 Ill. 2d at 487-88.
¶ 44        Following the Illinois Supreme Court’s decision in Wiszowaty, we agree with the circuit
       court and find that mandatory interest accrued on Daniel’s delinquent child support
       beginning on April 23, 1991, the most recent date in which arrearage was calculated by the
       court.



¶ 45                                     CONCLUSION
¶ 46       We find that the support orders entered by the trial court in 1990 modified the parties’
       marital settlement agreement and that the agreement’s reduction provision was not part of
       the modified support obligation. We further find that the circuit court properly assessed
       interest on Daniel’s delinquent support payments beginning on April 23, 1991.

¶ 47      Affirmed.




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