
COURT OF APPEALS
EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
EL PASO, TEXAS

JOE ROWE,


                            Appellant,

v.

KARA WATKINS,

                            Appellee.
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No. 08-09-00001-CV

Appeal from the

County Court

of Jeff Davis County, Texas

(TC# 293)

O P I N I O N

 Appellant, Joe Rowe, appeals the county court's judgment awarding ownership of a female
dog named Sara to Appellee, Kara Watkins.  Finding that Watkins failed to perfect her appeal from
the justice court to the county court, we hold that the county court never obtained jurisdiction and
therefore, erred by failing to grant Rowe's plea to the jurisdiction.  Accordingly, we vacate the
county court's judgment and reinstate the justice court's judgment that awarded ownership of Sara
to Rowe.
BACKGROUND
 We recently set out the facts of this case in our opinion on Rowe's supersedes bond.  See
Rowe v. Watkins, 324 S.W.3d 111 (Tex. App. - El Paso 2010, no pet.).  There, we noted that this
case began as a dispute over Sara's ownership when Rowe took possession of the dog from Watkins
in June of 2007, when Watkins moved from her home in Fort Davis, Texas to Alaska.  Id. at 112. 
When Watkins returned to Texas the following May, she went to Rowe's home to take Sara back. 
Id.  The two parties argued over the dog, and a physical altercation ensued.  Id.
Procedural History
	Rowe subsequently filed suit in the justice court to establish his ownership of Sara.  After
a bench trial, the justice court, on June 24, 2008, awarded Sara to Watkins, and the following day,
signed a written judgment in her favor.  Rowe filed a motion for new trial and later, a motion for
judgment, asking the court to vacate its judgment in favor of Watkins and render judgment in his
favor.  On June 30, 2008, the justice court vacated the judgment for Watkins, reconsidered the
evidence, and rendered a written judgment for Rowe.
	The following day, Watkins filed a motion for new trial and judgment, asking the court to
reinstate its original judgment.  On July 3, 2008, the justice court denied Watkins' motion for new
trial, and on July 14, 2008, it denied her motion for judgment.  Also on July 14, 2008, Watkins
indicated her notice to appeal to the county court by filing her appeal bond, and the justice court
approved the bond that same day.  Three days later, Rowe notified the justice court by letter that
Watkins' appeal bond did not meet the statutory requirements as it failed to list two sureties.  That
same letter was sent to Watkins by facsimile the same day.  Watkins did not correct the appeal bond.
	On July 23, 2008, Watkins filed her petition in the county court.  Rowe then filed his plea
to the jurisdiction, contending that the appeal was never perfected as Watkins failed to correct her
appeal bond.  In November 2008, the county court, in denying Rowe's plea, agreed that the bond was
defective but allowed Watkins an opportunity file a corrected appeal bond before December 5, 2008. 
Watkins filed the new appeal bond on December 2, 2008.  Believing the new bond was also
defective, Rowe raised additional objections that the new bond omitted any language binding the
sureties and that the monetary amount of the bond was absent.  Nevertheless, the case proceeded to
a jury trial, and the jury found in Watkins' favor.
DISCUSSION
	On appeal, Rowe brings eight issues for our review.  His first three issues fault Watkins'
appeal to the county court, alleging that she failed to file a proper appeal bond more than five days
after she received notice of defects in the bond, that the county's court grant of an extension to
correct the appeal bond was reversible error, and that the county court erred by refusing to dismiss
the appeal when Watkins' subsequent bond, following the court's extension, was also defective.  In
Issues Four and Five, Rowe contends that the evidence is factually insufficient to support the jury's
answers to the questions submitted, and in Issues Six and Seven, Rowe complains that the county
court erred by not granting his motions for new trial and judgment notwithstanding the verdict. 
Rowe's eighth and final issue alleges error in the county court's order to surrender possession of the
dog without first issuing a written judgment or a writ of execution, or allowing him the opportunity
to suspend enforcement of the judgment for appellate purposes.  Finding merit in Rowe's first issue,
we do not address his remaining claims.  See Tex. R. App. P. 47.1 ("The court of appeals must hand
down a written opinion that is as brief as practicable but that addresses every issue raised and
necessary to final disposition of the appeal.").
Standard of Review
	A defending party may properly challenge a trial court's jurisdiction by a plea to the
jurisdiction.  Bland Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Blue, 34 S.W.3d 547, 554 (Tex. 2000).  Indeed, whether a
trial court has jurisdiction to decide a case is a question of law.  State v. Holland, 221 S.W.3d 639,
642 (Tex. 2007); Tex. Dept. of Parks & Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d 217, 226 (Tex. 2004). 
Therefore, as applicable to this case, whether the trial court should have granted Rowe's plea to the
jurisdiction, which contended that Watkins' defective appeal bond never conferred jurisdiction on
the county court, is a legal question that we review de novo.  See Mayhew v. Town of Sunnyvale, 964
S.W.2d 922, 928 (Tex. 1998), cert. denied, 526 U.S. 1144, 119 S.Ct. 2018, 143 L.Ed.2d 1030
(1999); Watkins v. Debusk, 286 S.W.3d 58, 60 (Tex. App. - El Paso 2009, no pet.).
Applicable Law
	To perfect an appeal from a justice court to a county court, the appealing party must not only
file an appeal bond or an affidavit of inability to pay, but must also pay the costs of the appeal to the
county clerk within twenty days of being notified by the clerk to do so.  See Ashley Furniture
Industries, Inc. ex. rel. RBLS, Inc. v. The Law Office of David Pierce, 311 S.W.3d 595, 598 (Tex.
App. - El Paso 2010, no pet.); Watkins, 286 S.W.3d at 60; Tex. R. Civ. P. 571 & 572.  According
to Rule 573 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, the appeal is perfected when the bond is filed and
satisfies the requirements of Rule 571.  Tex. R. Civ. P. 573.  To comply with Rule 571, the appealing
party must file an appeal bond "with two or more good and sufficient sureties" in an amount equal
to twice the amount of the judgment within ten days from the date the judgment is signed.  Tex. R.
Civ. P. 571.
	When the appeal bond contains defects or irregularities, either of form or substance, the case
should not be dismissed without first allowing the appealing party five days, after notice of the
defect, to correct or amend the defective appeal.  Tex. R. Civ. P. 571.  Although the rules do not
prescribe a specific type of notice, we have held that the notice must, in the very least, conform to
due process which is met if the notice affords the party a fair opportunity to appear and defend her
interests.  Ashley Furniture, 311 S.W.3d at 598; Watkins, 286 S.W.3d at 62; In re A.Y., 16 S.W.3d
387, 388 (Tex. App. - El Paso 2000, no pet.).  As compliance with the appellate requirements of
Rule 571 is jurisdictional, see Almahrabi v. Booe, 868 S.W.2d 8, 10 (Tex. App. - El Paso 1993, no
writ), if the appealing party fails to meet any one of the rule's prerequisites, and also fails to correct
the defect within five days of notice, the appellate court, i.e., the county court, lacks jurisdiction to
hear the appeal and must dismiss the same.  See Ashley Furniture, 311 S.W.3d at 598; Williams v.
Schneiber, 148 S.W.3d 581, 583 (Tex. App. - Fort Worth 2004, no pet.).
Application
	Here, the record reflects that Watkins filed her appeal bond on July 14, 2008, the same day
that the justice court denied her motion for judgment.  However, that bond was defective as it listed
no sureties, other than Watkins herself, as required by the rules.  See Tex. R. Civ. P. 571.  By letter,
Rowe notified the justice court of the defective bond on July 17, 2008.  That same letter was sent
by facsimile to Watkins the same day. (1)  Therefore, Watkins had five days from July 17, 2008, to
correct the appeal bond.  See Tex. R. Civ. P. 571; Ashley Furniture, 311 S.W.3d at 599-600. 
However, Watkins did not correct the appeal bond until December 2, 2008, which was well beyond
the five-day limit.  Accordingly, the county court lacked jurisdiction over the appeal.  Ashley
Furniture, 311 S.W.3d at 600; Knupp v. Nolan Management Co., Inc., No. 05-01-00782-CV, 2002
WL 378398, at *1 (Tex. App. - Dallas Mar. 12, 2002, no pet.) (op., not designated for publication). 
	Although the county court, in ruling on Rowe's plea to the jurisdiction, agreed that the
original appeal bond was defective on its face, it ruled that Rowe's letter notice of the defect dated
July 17, 2008, was insufficient to trigger the five-day correction period as the justice court did not
pronounce the bond defective but rather approved the bond.  However, we rejected this identical
argument in Ashley Furniture, noting that nothing in Rule 571 requires that a court first pronounce
the bond defective and issue the defective notice itself before triggering the rule's correction period. 
Ashley Furniture, 311 S.W.3d at 599.  Rather, in relying on two previous cases, we found that notice
of a defect in the bond by opposing counsel was sufficient to trigger the five-day correction period. 
Id. at 599-600 (citing Watkins, 286 S.W.3d at 59, 62; and Heldt v. 12811 El Sendero Trust #
0415022, No. 04-04-00615-CV, 2005 WL 1458234, at *1 (Tex. App. - San Antonio June 22, 2005,
pet. denied) (mem. op. not designated for publication)).  Similarly, here, because the appeal bond
was certainly defective on its face by failing to contain two or more sureties as statutorily required,
Rowe's notice of the defect was sufficient to trigger the five-day correction period.  Tex. R. Civ. P.
571; Ashley Furniture, 311 S.W.3d at 599-600.  Because Watkins did not correct her appeal bond
within that time period, the county court lacked jurisdiction over the case.  Rowe's first issue is
sustained.
CONCLUSION
	Having sustained Rowe's first issue, we need not address his remaining points of error.  See
Tex. R. App. P. 47.1.  Accordingly, we reverse and vacate the county court's judgment in favor of
Watkins, and reinstate the justice court's judgment in favor of Rowe.

						GUADALUPE RIVERA, Justice
March 23, 2011

Before Chew, C.J., McClure, and Rivera, JJ.
1.   Watkins does not contend on appeal that she did not receive notice of the defective bond.

