                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 15-0207
                              Filed March 23, 2016


STATE OF IOWA,
     Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

TYLOR DAVID PATRICK,
     Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________


      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Mitchell County, Rustin T.

Davenport, Judge.



      Tylor Patrick appeals his conviction for vehicular homicide. AFFIRMED.



      Mark C. Smith, State Appellate Defender, and Robert P. Ranschau,

Assistant Appellate Defender, for appellant.

      Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Jean C. Pettinger, Assistant

Attorney General, for appellee.



      Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Doyle and Mullins, JJ.
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VAITHESWARAN, Presiding Judge.

       Tylor Patrick drove a vehicle with five other occupants. He ran into a

ditch, hit a field driveway, and was airborne for about forty-six feet before landing

and rolling the vehicle. One of the occupants died.

       The State charged Patrick with vehicular homicide and operating a motor

vehicle while intoxicated, first offense. See Iowa Code §§ 321J.2, 707.6A (2013).

The jury heard conflicting testimony from witnesses at the scene as well as

testimony from a State expert on Patrick’s intoxication level at the time of the

accident. The jury found him guilty on both counts.

       Patrick filed a motion for new trial, which the district court denied. On

appeal, Patrick asserts (1) the district court abused its discretion in overruling his

motion for a new trial and (2) his trial attorney was ineffective in “failing to request

a jury instruction defining causation, or object to the lack thereof.”

I.     New Trial Motion

       Patrick argues the district court should have granted his new trial motion

because “the evidence did not show that the accident was caused by defendant

driving while intoxicated.”    Patrick failed to raise this ground in his new trial

motion; the motion was premised entirely on claimed legal errors. This omission

raises a possible error preservation concern.         See Meier v. Senecaut, 641

N.W.2d 532, 537 (Iowa 2002) (“It is a fundamental doctrine of appellate review

that issues must ordinarily be both raised and decided by the district court before

we will decide them on appeal.”); see also Top of Iowa Coop. v. Sime Farms,

Inc., 608 N.W.2d 454, 470 (Iowa 2000) (“[T]his court will consider on appeal
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whether error was preserved despite the opposing party’s omission in not raising

this issue at trial or on appeal.”).

       We decline to resolve the issue on error preservation grounds for two

reasons. First, the district court decided potential factual bases for the motion

together with the actual legal grounds that were raised. See State v. Tullar, No.

13-1567, 2014 WL 6680927, at *2 n.2 (Iowa Ct. App. Nov. 26, 2014) (“[B]ecause

the district court issued a ruling on the merits of the [arrest-of-judgment and new

trial] motions, they are now properly before us.”). Second, the argument fails on

the merits. See State v. Howse, ___ N.W.2d ___, ___, 2016 WL 672046, at *4

(Iowa 2016) (“[W]e need not rest our resolution of this issue on the principles of

error preservation insofar as we conclude that [the defendant’s] argument fails on

the merits.” (citation omitted)).

       As noted, the district court assumed Patrick’s motion included an

allegation that “the verdict [was] contrary to . . . [the] evidence.” Iowa R. Crim. P.

2.24(2)(b)(6). The district court then stated,

       When there’s a motion for a new trial, my determination is governed
       by whether the jury’s verdict was contrary to the weight of the
       evidence. Weight of the evidence refers to a determination by the
       trier of fact that the greater amount of credible evidence supports
       one side of the issue than the other. Here I find the jury’s verdict
       was not against the weight of the evidence. I would point to the
       facts supporting the verdict, including the defendant’s blood test
       results, the evidence that he had been drinking, the expert
       testimony that I found to be credible that an intoxicated person
       would not have the full ability to operate a motor vehicle properly,
       and evidence that the defendant was swerving as he drove down
       the road and eventually lost control of his vehicle.

       The court applied the correct standard in ruling on this portion of the

motion. See Nguyen v. State, 707 N.W.2d 317, 327 (Iowa 2005). Our “review is
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limited to a review of the exercise of discretion by the trial court, not the

underlying question of whether the verdict is against the weight of the evidence.”

State v. Reeves, 670 N.W.2d 199, 203 (Iowa 2003). The court appropriately

exercised its discretion.

       The court found the State’s intoxication expert credible. See Nguyen, 707

N.W.2d at 327 (noting court had the power to “weigh the evidence and consider

the credibility of witnesses”). That expert testified about his analysis of a blood

sample taken from Patrick. The result showed “.081 grams of alcohol per 100

milliliters of blood” five hours after the accident. After describing factors affecting

a person’s ability to metabolize alcohol, the expert “extrapolate[d] backward” to

arrive at an “estimate” of Patrick’s blood alcohol content at the time of the

accident. His “estimate based on averages” was “.156.” Using a lower rate of

metabolism, his estimate was “.131.” The legal limit in Iowa is .08. See Iowa

Code § 321J.2(1)(b). While the expert conceded it was “[w]ithin the realm of

possibility” Patrick had blood alcohol content under .08 at the time of the crash,

he said it was “probably unlikely.”

       Patrick argues the expert did “not take into account an individual’s unique

rate of alcohol dissipation” or “other factors such as stomach contents and

exposure to the elements.” In fact, the expert was questioned about variables

affecting the result, couched his answer in terms of an estimate, and provided a

range of intoxication levels. We discern no abuse of discretion in the district

court’s acceptance of his testimony.

       We also discern no abuse of discretion in the district court’s acceptance of

evidence pointing to Patrick’s alcohol consumption and intoxication on the night
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of the crash, even though the evidence was contradicted. As discussed, the

district court was obligated to “weigh the evidence and consider the credibility of

witnesses” in deciding the evidentiary ground for a new trial motion. Nguyen,

707 N.W.2d at 327. The court did just that.

       We affirm the district court’s denial of the motion for new trial.

II.    Jury Instruction

       Patrick contends his attorney was ineffective in “failing to request a jury

instruction defining causation, or object to the lack thereof.”             Although we

generally preserve ineffective-assistance of counsel claims for postconviction

relief, we find the record adequate to address this issue. See State v. Thorndike,

860 N.W.2d 316, 319 (Iowa 2015); State v. Ronnau, No. 14-0787, 2016 WL

351314, at *8 (Iowa Ct. App. Jan. 27, 2016) (finding record adequate to address

assertion that trial attorney provided ineffective assistance in failing to object to

certain jury instructions). To succeed, Patrick must establish “a breach of an

essential duty and prejudice.” Thorndike, 860 N.W.2d at 321. On our de novo

review, we are convinced he cannot establish a breach.

       “[I]t is the State’s burden under section 707.6A(1) to prove a causal

connection between the defendant’s intoxicated driving and the victim’s death.”

State v. Adams, 810 N.W.2d 365, 371 (Iowa 2012). In Adams, the court “urge[d]

district courts to use the uniform instruction” for this crime, which “would

expressly require proof that the defendant’s act or acts set out in” the first

element—the criminal act of intoxicated driving—“caused a death.” Id. at 373

n.8.
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      The district court used this uniform instruction language.    Accordingly,

Patrick’s trial attorney did not breach an essential duty in failing to request a

separate instruction or object to the instruction that was given.       Patrick’s

ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim cannot succeed.

      AFFIRMED.
