[Cite as Arbor Grove Properties v. Clear Sky Realty, Inc., 2018-Ohio-1467.]


                                        COURT OF APPEALS
                                       STARK COUNTY, OHIO
                                    FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT


ARBOR GROVE PROPERTIES, et al.                              JUDGES:
                                                            Hon. John W. Wise, P. J.
        Plaintiffs-Appellees                                Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
                                                            Hon. Earle E. Wise, Jr., J.
-vs-
                                                            Case No. 2017 CA 00124
CLEAR SKY REALTY, INC., et al.

        Defendants-Appellants                               OPINION




CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                                Civil Appeal from the Court of Common
                                                        Pleas, Case No. 2015 CV 02504

JUDGMENT:                                               Affirmed


DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                                 April 16, 2018


APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiffs-Appellees                                For Appellants Clear Sky Realty & Wohlwends

JOHN P. MAXWELL                                         BRIAN D. SULLIVAN
MATTHEW W. ONEST                                        REMINGER CO., LPA
KRUGLIAK, WILKINS, GRIFFITHS                            101 West Prospect Avenue, Suite 11400
& DOUGHERTY CO., LPA                                    Cleveland, Ohio 44115-1093
4775 Munson Street
Canton, Ohio 44718                                      ROBERT S. YALLECH
                                                        REMINGER CO., LPA
                                                        11 Federal Plaza Central, Suite 1200
                                                        Youngstown, Ohio 44503

                                                        For Appellants Clear Sky Properties

                                                        JOHN V. BOGGINS
                                                        1428 Market Avenue North
                                                        Canton, Ohio 44714-2616
Stark County, Case No. 2017 CA 00124                                                       2

Wise, John, P. J.

       {¶1}   Defendants-Appellants Clear Sky Realty, Inc., et al., appeal the decision of

the Stark County Court of Common Pleas, which denied certain motions to compel

arbitration in a lawsuit filed by Appellees Arbor Grove Properties, LLC, et al. for breach of

contract and other claims. The relevant facts leading to this appeal are as follows.

       {¶2}   On December 1, 2015, Appellees Arbor Grove Properties, LLC, One

Rowland, LLC, Pioneer Trail Properties, LLC, Pollyanna Properties, LLC, and Julian Real

Estate, LLC (hereinafter “appellees") filed a civil action in the Stark County Court of

Common Pleas against Appellants Clear Sky Realty, Inc., Eric M. Wohlwend, and Lila

Wohlwend.

       {¶3}   In their complaint, appellees, owners of certain residential properties,

alleged that between October 2012 and August 2015 they had entered into several

agreements with appellants concerning management services for some of appellees’

residential tenant units. Appellees further alleged that appellants overcharged them for

various maintenance and repair work performed at the residential buildings and that

appellants failed to properly manage the properties. The complaint included several

breach of contract claims against Appellant Clear Sky Realty, and breach of fiduciary

duties, fraud, and accounting against Appellants Clear Sky Realty, Eric M. Wohlwend,

and Lila Wohlwend.

       {¶4}   The management agreements in question include a total of eleven

arbitration provisions. Nine of these eleven provisions are in pertinent part as follows:

"Owner and agent agree to submit any dispute over District Court maximum limits to
Stark County, Case No. 2017 CA 00124                                                      3


arbitration before the American Arbitration Association. Except as prohibited by Ohio law

***.” (Emphasis added).

       {¶5}   The remaining two of the eleven provisions provide in pertinent part: "Owner

and agent agree to submit any dispute over court maximum limits to arbitration before the

American Arbitration Association. Except as prohibited by Ohio law ***." (Emphasis

added).

       {¶6}   On January 25, 2016, Appellants Clear Sky Realty, Eric M. Wohlwend, and

Lila Wohlwend (the original three defendants) answered appellees’ aforesaid complaint

and asserted various counterclaims alleging failure of compensation for services

performed under the management agreements. Appellants also therein advanced two

third-party complaints, the details of which need not be recited in the present appeal.

       {¶7}   Over a year later, on March 1, 2017, appellees moved to amend their

complaint. At that time, appellees further alleged that discovery of new factual issues

required the naming of an additional party, Clear Sky Properties, Inc. (emphasis added)

and the assertion of breach of contract against all defendants. Appellees also asserted

that they had "inadvertently failed to attach several written contracts between the parties,

which would likely cover plaintiffs' claims during the terms of those agreements." Motion

for Leave to Amend Instanter at 4.

       {¶8}   On March 29, 2017, the trial court granted appellees’ motion for leave to file

their amended complaint.

       {¶9}   On April 7, 2017, appellants filed their answers to the amended complaint

and, for the first time, separate motions to stay proceedings and to compel arbitration.

Appellants argued that the additional management agreements made subject to the
Stark County, Case No. 2017 CA 00124                                                          4


litigation by virtue of the amended complaint, as well as the management agreements

identified in the original complaint, mandated that the dispute be arbitrated. On April 21,

2017, appellees and the two third-party defendants filed a memorandum in opposition to

arbitrating the dispute. On April 28, 2017, appellants filed a reply in support of their motion

to compel arbitration.

       {¶10} After conducting a hearing, the trial court denied appellants’ motions to

compel arbitration and stay the proceedings. See Judgment Entry, June 30, 2017.

       {¶11} On July 11, 2017, Appellants Clear Sky Realty, Inc., Eric M. Wohlwend, Lila

Wohlwend, and Clear Sky Properties, Inc. jointly filed a notice of appeal. They herein

raise the following sole Assignment of Error:

       {¶12} “I. THE TRIAL COURT INCORRECTLY DENIED DEFENDANTS’ MOTION

TO COMPEL ARBITRATION AND STAY PROCEEDINGS.”

                                               I.

       {¶13} In their sole Assignment of Error, appellants contend the trial court erred in

denying their motions to compel arbitration and stay proceedings. We disagree.

                                         Jurisdiction

       {¶14} As an initial matter, we find we have appellate jurisdiction to proceed in this

matter, even though a final judgment is not before us. As a general rule, a judgment that

leaves issues unresolved and contemplates that further action must be taken is not a final

appealable order. See Moscarello v. Moscarello, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2014CA00181,

2015–Ohio–654, ¶ 11, quoting Rice v. Lewis, 4th Dist. Scioto No. 11CA3451, 2012–Ohio–

2588, ¶ 14 (additional citations omitted). However, an order under R.C. 2711.02(B) that

grants or denies a stay of a trial of an action pending arbitration is a final appealable order.
Stark County, Case No. 2017 CA 00124                                                        5

See R.C. 2711.02(C). Such a decision under R.C. 2711.02 remains a final appealable

order even without the language of Civ.R. 54(B). See, e.g., Welsh v. Indiana Insurance

Co., 5th Dist. Stark No. 2005-CA-00327, 2006-Ohio-6803, ¶ 15 (citations omitted). We

will therefore proceed to the merits of the present appeal.

                                    Standard of Review

       {¶15} R.C. 2711.02(B) states as follows: “If any action is brought upon any issue

referable to arbitration under an agreement in writing for arbitration, the court in which the

action is pending, upon being satisfied that the issue involved in the action is referable to

arbitration under an agreement in writing for arbitration, shall on application of one of the

parties stay the trial of the action until the arbitration of the issue has been had in

accordance with the agreement, provided the applicant for the stay is not in default in

proceeding with arbitration.”

       {¶16} Ohio public policy favors enforcement of arbitration provisions. See

Harrison v. Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., 9th Dist. Summit No. 20815, 2002–Ohio–

1642, ¶ 9. “Arbitration is favored because it provides the parties thereto a relatively

expeditious and economical means of resolving a dispute.” Sunrush Construction Co. v.

Landmark Properties, L.L.C., 4th Dist. Ross No. 17CA3596, 2017-Ohio-8598, ¶ 17,

quoting Schaefer v. Allstate Ins. Co., 63 Ohio St.3d 708, 712, 590 N.E.2d 1242 (1992).

       {¶17} Generally, an appellate court reviews a trial court's stay of proceedings

pending arbitration under R.C. 2711.02 under an abuse of discretion standard.

Featherstone v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., 159 Ohio App.3d 27, 30, 822

N.E.2d 841, 2004–Ohio–5953, citing Pinette v. Wynn's Extended Care, Inc., Summit App.

No. 21478, 2003–Ohio–4636, ¶ 5. However, the issue of whether a controversy is
Stark County, Case No. 2017 CA 00124                                                       6


arbitrable under an arbitration provision of a contract is a question of law for the court to

decide; therefore, the standard of review on those issues is de novo. Simmons v.

Extendicare Health Servs., Inc., 5th Dist. Delaware No. 15 CAE 12 0095, 2016-Ohio-

4831, ¶ 13, citing Church v. Fleishour Homes, Inc., 172 Ohio App.3d 205, 874 N.E.2d

795, 172 Ohio App.3d 205, ¶ 19 (5th Dist.2007).

                                     Severability Issue

       {¶18} Appellants first propose that the trial court erroneously failed to sever the

“maximum limits” language in the arbitration provision in order to facilitate arbitration in

this matter.

       {¶19} There is no duty to arbitrate particular disputes where there has been no

agreement between parties requiring such disputes to be submitted to arbitration. See

Kegg v. Mansfield, 5th Dist. Stark No. 1999CA00167, 2000 WL 222118. In the case sub

judice, the eleven agreements at issue evince a meeting of the minds to submit

disagreements to arbitration only where the amounts involved are “over court maximum

limits” or “over District Court maximum limits.” However, appellants do not dispute the trial

court’s observation that the Stark County Court of Common Pleas has no such upper

limit, nor do federal district courts, the only “District Courts” extant in Ohio.1 Therefore,

strictly speaking, no dispute in an Ohio common pleas court under the agreements in

question could ever go to arbitration, no matter how large.



1   Although the underlying action was not brought in a municipal court, we nonetheless
recognize that under R.C. 1901.17, “[a] municipal court shall have original jurisdiction only
in those cases in which the amount claimed by any party, or the appraised value of the
personal property sought to be recovered, does not exceed fifteen thousand dollars,
except that this limit does not apply to the housing division or environmental division of a
municipal court. ***.” We also take note inter alia of Ohio’s statutory damage caps under
R.C. 2315.18.
Stark County, Case No. 2017 CA 00124                                                     7


       {¶20} The doctrine of severability generally provides that where a contract

consists of several agreements, one of which is illegal, the illegal portion can be severed

if it does not destroy the symmetry of the contract. Black v. Pheils, 6th Dist. Wood No.

WD-03-045, 2004-Ohio-4270, ¶ 55, citing Vincent v. Santa Cruz (1982), 98 Nev. 338,

341, 647 P.2d 379, 381. Under the doctrine of severability, an arbitration agreement is

treated as an independent contract that does not necessarily fail if the remainder of the

contract is found invalid. See Champaign Landmark, Inc. v. Prince, 2nd Champaign Nos.

97 CA 28, 97 CA 29, 97 CA 30, 1998 WL 735914. Whether a part of a contract may be

severed from the remainder “depends generally upon the intention of the parties, and this

must be ascertained by the ordinary rules of construction.” Ignazio v. Clear Channel

Broadcasting, Inc., 113 Ohio St.3d 276, 2007-Ohio-1947, 865 N.E.2d 18, ¶ 11, citing

Huntington & Finke Co. v. Lake Erie Lumber & Supply Co. (1924), 109 Ohio St. 488, 2

Ohio Law Abs. 197, 143 N.E. 132, syllabus. A court must determine whether the part of

the contract sought to be excised is fundamental to the overall meaning of the agreement,

or whether it may be severed so that the remainder of the agreement may be given effect.

Hehman v. Maxim Crane Works, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2010-01-009, 2010-Ohio-3562,

¶ 32, citing Ignazio, supra (internal quotations omitted).

       {¶21} Our research indicates that in a number of cases, the issue on appeal

focused on the severability of the entire arbitration provision, rather than removal of

portions of a single sentence within the provision, as presently urged by appellants.

However, in Rude v. NUCO Edn. Corp., 9th Dist. Summit No. 25549, 2011-Ohio-6789,

the Ninth District Court of Appeals cogently noted several examples of cases where a
Stark County, Case No. 2017 CA 00124                                                       8


court had “severed a discrete term of the arbitration provision and enforced the remainder

of it.” Id. at ¶ 29.

        {¶22} Nonetheless, upon review, we find no basis to invoke the doctrine of

severability under the unusual circumstances presented. Arbitration is a matter of contract

and, in spite of the strong policy in its favor, a party cannot be compelled to arbitrate any

dispute which he or she has not agreed to submit. Teramar Corp. v. Rodier Corp., 40

Ohio App.3d 39, 40, 531 N.E.2d 721, (8th Dist. 1987) (additional citations omitted). In this

instance, the agreements set forth that only disputes of a sufficient magnitude to exceed

nebulous “court maximum limits” would go to arbitration. While such an arrangement may

have reflected a misunderstanding of the law or court rules, it is nonetheless fundamental

to the overall functioning of the agreement (Hehman, supra), and it is by no means illegal

or unconscionable. We therefore hold that severing the limiting language of the arbitration

clause would improperly compel the parties into a means of remedy upon which they did

not clearly agree.

                                       Waiver Issue

        {¶23} The briefs before us also present arguments on the issue of whether

appellants waived their claim to arbitration in the trial court. We have recognized that

active participation in a lawsuit, and failure to request arbitration in a timely manner, may

evince an acquiescence to proceeding in a judicial forum. Smith Design & Constr., Inc. v.

N.L. Constr. Corp., 5th Dist. Stark No. 2014 CA 00002, 2014-Ohio-4904, ¶ 55, citing

Griffith v. Linton, 130 Ohio App.3d 746, 752, 721 N.E.2d 146 (10th Dist. 1998). Appellants

herein contend that although they did not immediately raise the issue of arbitration during

the first stages of litigation, appellees’ amendment of the complaint in 2017 meant that
Stark County, Case No. 2017 CA 00124                                                      9


“the legal landscape of the loss dramatically changed,” causing appellants to invoke

arbitration at that time. Appellants’ Brief at 9.

       {¶24} However, we have generally recognized that an appellate court is not

required to render an advisory opinion or to rule on a question of law that cannot affect

matters at issue in a case. See Ambrose v. Galena, 5th Dist. Delaware No. 15 CAH 01

0011, 2015-Ohio-3157, ¶ 29, citing State v. Bistricky (1990), 66 Ohio App.3d 395, 584

N.E.2d 75. In light of our previous determinations, we will not further analyze the issue of

waiver of arbitration in the within appeal.

                                          Conclusion

       {¶25} The trial court did not err in denying appellants’ motions to compel

arbitration and stay proceedings. Appellants’ sole Assignment of Error is therefore

overruled.

       {¶26} For the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion, the judgment of the Court

of Common Pleas, Stark County, Ohio, is hereby affirmed.


By: Wise, John, P. J.

Baldwin, J., and

Wise, Earle, J., concur.

.

JWW/d 0327
