[Cite as State v. Miller, 2019-Ohio-805.]


                                         COURT OF APPEALS
                                      FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO
                                     FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                        JUDGES:
STATE OF OHIO                                   :       Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
                                                :       Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
                          Plaintiff-Appellee    :       Hon. Earle E. Wise, J.
                                                :
-vs-                                            :
                                                :       Case No. 18-CA-35
THOMAS J. MILLER                                :
                                                :
                     Defendant-Appellant        :       OPINION




CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                            Criminal appeal from the Fairfield County
                                                    Municipal Court, Case No. TRC1709036


JUDGMENT:                                           Affirmed




DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                             March 6, 2019




APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee                              For Defendant-Appellant

MITCHELL HARDEN                                     SCOTT WOOD
City of Lancaster                                   120 E. Main St.
Assistant City Prosecutor                           Suite 200
136 W. Main Street                                  Lancaster, OH 43130
Lancaster, OH 43130
[Cite as State v. Miller, 2019-Ohio-805.]


Gwin, P.J.

        {¶1}      Appellant, Thomas J. Miller [“Miller”] appeals the February 8, 2018 judgment

of the Fairfield County Municipal Court overruling his motion to suppress.

                                            Facts and Procedural History

        {¶2}      On July 29, 2017, Trooper Jonathan Drake of the Ohio State Highway Patrol

initiated a traffic stop of a vehicle driven by Miller. After a DUI1 investigation, Trooper

Drake arrested Miller for OVI2. Miller provided a urine sample at 3:17AM. Trooper Drake

placed the sample into the trunk of his cruiser where it remained until it was placed into a

UPS drop box at 6:00AM. It is undisputed that the urine sample remained unrefrigerated

for a period of approximately 2 hours and 45 minutes.

        {¶3}      Miller was later charged with an OVI based on impairment, in violation of

R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a), an OVI based on the urine test results, in violation of R.C.

4511.19(A)(1)(e), and reckless operation, in violation of R.C. 4511.20. Both OVI citations

were for a second OVI within 10 years.

        {¶4}      On September 6, 2017, Miller filed a motion to suppress the urine test

results based on non-compliance with the Ohio Department of Health Regulations

regarding urine alcohol testing.              Miller, through counsel, limited his motion to non-

compliance with the regulations concerning the refrigeration of the urine sample. T., Jan.

19, 2018 at 4-5.

        {¶5}      On January 19, 2018, an oral hearing was held on Miller's motion to

suppress. By Judgment Entry filed February 8, 2018, the trial court ruled that Trooper

Drake demonstrated substantial compliance with the Ohio Administrative Code regarding


        1   Driving while under the influence of alcohol or drugs. See, R.C. 4511.19
        2   Operating a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
Fairfield County, Case No. 18-CA-35                                                                         3


his collection and handling of Miller's urine sample. The court overruled Miller's motion

to suppress.

        {¶6}    On March 6, 2018, Miller entered a No Contest plea to OVI under R.C.

4511.19(A)(1)(a).

        {¶7}    On March 28, 2018, Miller filed his original notice of appeal in 5th Dist.

Fairfield Case No. 18 CA 12. On May 30, 2018, Miller filed a Motion to Withdraw Guilty

Plea after Sentencing with the trial court3.              The state filed a Memorandum Contra

Defendant's Motion to Withdraw Guilty Plea after Sentencing on the same day.

        {¶8}    On June 11, 2018, the trial court found that it did not have jurisdiction over

the matter as it was currently on appeal with this Court. On June 12, 2018, Miller filed a

motion with this Court to dismiss his appeal. By Judgment Entry filed June 12, 2018, this

Court granted Miller’s motion and dismissed his appeal.

        {¶9}    On June 14, 2018, Miller filed a second Motion to Withdraw Guilty Plea after

Sentencing. The state filed a Memorandum Contra Defendant's Motion to Withdraw

Guilty Plea after Sentencing on June 19, 2018.

        {¶10} On June 22, 2018, the trial court, over the state's objection, found that there

would be a manifest injustice if Miller’s original plea were not set aside. The matter was

then set for a plea hearing so that Miller could enter a plea to OVI under R.C.

4511.19(A)(1)(e) to allow Miller to pursue an appeal of the trial court's overruling of his

motion to suppress.




        3 Miller argued in his Motion that he pleaded “no contest”; however, the trial court’s Judgment Entry

filed Mar. 6, 2018 incorrectly reflected that he had pled “guilty.” Miller further argued that his plea should
have been to the R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(e) offense to allow Miller to pursue an appeal of the trial court's ruling
concerning the motion to suppress, not R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a)as reflected in the trial court’s entry.
Fairfield County, Case No. 18-CA-35                                                        4


       {¶11} On July 20, 2018, Miller entered a No Contest plea to OVI under R.C.

4511.19(A)(1)(e). The trial court’s Judgment Entry reflecting Miller’s no contest plea and

the trial court’s finding of guilt was filed July 25, 2018.

                                         Assignment of Error

       {¶12} Miller raises one assignment of error,

       {¶13} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN OVERRULING APPELLANT'S MOTION

TO SUPPRESS.”

                                          Law and Analysis

       {¶14} In his sole assignment of error, Miller argues the trial court should have

suppressed the results of the urine test for lack of substantial compliance with Ohio

Department of Health (ODH) regulations as set forth in Ohio Administrative Code (OAC)

3701–53–05(F).

       STANDARD OF APPELLATE REVIEW

       {¶15} Appellate review of a motion to suppress presents a mixed question of law

and fact. State v. Burnside, 100 Ohio St.3d 152, 154-155, 2003-Ohio-5372, 797 N.E.2d

71, ¶ 8. When ruling on a motion to suppress, the trial court assumes the role of trier of

fact and is in the best position to resolve questions of fact and to evaluate witness

credibility. See State v. Dunlap, 73 Ohio St.3d 308,314, 1995-Ohio-243, 652 N.E.2d 988;

State v. Fanning, 1 Ohio St.3d 19, 20, 437 N.E.2d 583 (1982). Accordingly, a reviewing

court must defer to the trial court's factual findings if competent, credible evidence exists

to support those findings. See Burnside, supra; Dunlap, supra; State v. Long, 127 Ohio

App.3d 328, 332, 713 N.E.2d 1(4th Dist.1998); State v. Medcalf, 111 Ohio App.3d 142,

675 N.E.2d 1268 (4th Dist.1996). However, once this Court has accepted those facts as
Fairfield County, Case No. 18-CA-35                                                     5


true, it must independently determine as a matter of law whether the trial court met the

applicable legal standard. See Burnside, supra, citing State v. McNamara, 124 Ohio

App.3d 706, 707 N.E.2d 539(4th Dist. 1997); See, generally, United States v. Arvizu, 534

U.S. 266, 122 S.Ct. 744, 151 L.Ed.2d 740(2002); Ornelas v. United States, 517 U.S. 690,

116 S.Ct. 1657, 134 L.Ed.2d 911(1996). That is, the application of the law to the trial

court's findings of fact is subject to a de novo standard of review Ornelas, supra.

Moreover, due weight should be given “to inferences drawn from those facts by resident

judges and local law enforcement officers.” Ornelas, supra at 698, 116 S.Ct. at 1663.

      ISSUES FOR APPEAL.

      A. Whether the results of the urine-alcohol test were administered in substantial

compliance with Ohio Adm.Code 3701-53-05.

      {¶16} The regulation in question—Ohio Adm.Code 3701–53–05(F) is clear about

what is required when the state decides to obtain a blood or urine sample from persons

in this state. It states, “While not in transit or under examination, all blood and urine

specimens shall be refrigerated.”

      {¶17} In State v. Baker, the Ohio Supreme Court held,

             Our decisions in Plummer [22 Ohio St.3d 292, 490 N.E. 2d 902(1986]

      and Mayl [106 Ohio St.3d 207, 2005-Ohio-4629, 833 N.E.2d 1216] are

      instructive on the question of substantial compliance with Ohio Adm.Code

      3701–53–05(F) and establish that the state’s error in failing to refrigerate a

      specimen for four to five hours before placement of the specimen in transit

      to a laboratory for analysis is a de minimis error and does not render the

      test results inadmissible.
Fairfield County, Case No. 18-CA-35                                                        6


146 Ohio St.3d 456, 2016-Ohio-451, 58 N.E.2d 114, ¶26 (emphasis added). In the case

at bar, the parties agree that Miller’s sample was unrefrigerated for 2 hours and 45

minutes. [Appellant’s Brief at 1; 3; Appellee Brief at 7; 8]. Pursuant to Baker, we find this

period to be a de minimis error and does not render the test results inadmissible.

       B. Whether Miller has been prejudiced in any way by the state’s failure to comply

with the literal requirements of the administrative regulation regarding refrigeration of a

urine specimen.

       {¶18} In the case at bar, the state met its burden of going forward with the

evidence that it substantially complied with regulations prescribed by the director of health

in the Ohio Administrative Code. Therefore, a presumption of admissibility arises, and

the burden then shifts back to the defendant to rebut the presumption by demonstrating

prejudice from the state’s failure to strictly comply with the applicable regulations in the

Ohio Administrative Code. Baker, 146 Ohio St.3d 456, 2016-Ohio-451, 58 N.E.2d 114,

¶23.

       {¶19} Miller has “not alleged at any stage of this proceeding, much less

demonstrated, that he has been prejudiced in any way by the state’s failure to comply

with the literal requirements of the administrative regulation regarding refrigeration of a

urine specimen. [Miller] simply has not demonstrated that this failure even affected the

results of his urinalysis, much less that any failure to comply resulted in error detrimental

to him.” State v. Plummer, 22 Ohio St.3d 292, 295, 490 N.E. 2d 902(1986).

       {¶20} Miller’s First Assignment of Error is overruled.
Fairfield County, Case No. 18-CA-35                                             7


      {¶21} The judgment of the Fairfield County Municipal Court is affirmed.

By Gwin, P.J.,

Baldwin, J., and

Wise, Earle, J., concur
