                         COURT OF APPEALS
                          SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS
                               FORT WORTH

                              NO. 02-14-00145-CV


IMTIAZ HUSSAIN PIRZADA                                                APPELLANT

                                         V.

LATANYA NICOLE RICE                                                     APPELLEE


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          FROM THE 233RD DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY
                     TRIAL COURT NO. 233-489884-11

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                         MEMORANDUM OPINION 1

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      Appellant Imtiaz Hussain Pirzada appeals from the trial court’s final decree

of divorce and specifically challenges the trial court’s child-support and attorney-

fees determinations. We affirm.




      1
       See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
                                I. BACKGROUND

      Pirzada and appellee LaTanya Nicole Rice married in 1999 and had two

children, J. and Z. 2 On January 4, 2011, Pirzada filed a divorce petition, seeking

sole managing conservatorship of J. and Z. (the SAPCR). See Tex. Fam. Code

Ann. § 6.406 (West 2006).      On September 14, 2011, the trial court entered

temporary orders, appointing Pirzada and Rice as temporary joint managing

conservators of J. and Z.      Rice then filed a counterpetition for divorce on

September 21, 2011, and asked to be named sole managing conservator of J.

and Z. On August 27, 2012, Rice filed a motion to modify the temporary orders,

alleging parental alienation by Pirzada: “Since entry of the Temporary Orders

[Pirzada] has engaged in parental alienation of the children against [Rice] to the

extent of causing severe emotional danger to the children.” Rice requested to be

appointed J. and Z.’s temporary sole managing conservator.

      The trial court called the case for trial on the merits on October 2, 2012.

The trial court called Susan Goldstein Reddig, a caseworker for Family Court

Services, as a witness to testify regarding the social study she had prepared.

She testified that J. and Z. were in “emotional danger” from Pirzada and that they

refused to see their mother because they were angry with her after she had




      2
       We use aliases for the names of the children. See Tex. R. App. P.
9.9(a)(3) (requiring privacy protection for sensitive data in civil cases, including
names of minors).

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another baby 3 and because they believed Rice wanted to kill them.           Reddig

stated that J. and Z. began reacting aggressively toward Rice after spending time

with Pirzada. After this testimony, the trial court recessed the trial, ordered the

Texas Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS) to take immediate

possession of J. and Z., and appointed DFPS J. and Z.’s temporary sole

managing conservator pending a full adversary hearing.           See generally id.

§§ 152.204, 262.102, 262.104 (West 2014) (providing for emergency possession

of child).    The trial court also stopped all visitation with Pirzada “until the

children’s counselor says otherwise,” and ordered Rice’s possession to be

supervised.

      The next day, DFPS filed a petition in the SAPCR, requesting a temporary

order for the protection of J. and Z. and appointment as J. and Z.’s temporary

managing conservator (the DFPS suit). See id. §§ 102.003(a)(5), 262.105 (West

2014).    Finally, DFPS requested termination of Pirzada’s and Rice’s parental

rights to J. and Z. only if reunification with Pirzada or Rice could not be achieved.

On October 16, 2012, after the required hearing, the trial court ordered Pirzada

and Rice to pay child support to DFPS and allowed Rice to begin supervised

visits—“limited access”—with J. and Z. See id. § 262.201 (West 2014). Pirzada

was given no visitation rights at this time. Because of this child-support order,



      3
       It appears that the father of this baby was Rice’s boyfriend and not
Pirzada.

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the Texas Attorney General became an interested party in the SAPCR. See id.

§§ 102.007, 231.101 (West 2014).

      On January 23, 2013 after having had no contact with J. and Z. for four

months, Pirzada filed a motion seeking “reasonable visitation periods” with J. and

Z., which the trial court granted, allowing Pirzada to visit J. and Z., supervised by

DFPS, for thirty minutes twice a month. On April 12, 2013, DFPS moved to

suspend Pirzada’s visitation because J. and Z. continued to be “very negative

towards” Rice and appeared to have been emotionally abused by Pirzada. The

trial court declined to modify Pirzada’s visitation.          After a hearing on

August 12, 2013, however, the trial court entered an order suspending all

visitation with Pirzada but allowing Rice and Z. to have unsupervised visits “on

Saturdays from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm.” See id. § 263.304 (West 2014). The trial

court set October 7, 2013 as the dismissal date. See id. §§ 263.306(a)(12),

263.401(a) (West 2014).

      On September 17, 2013, DFPS filed two motions for the monitored return

of J. to Pirzada and Z. to Rice, which the trial court granted. See id. § 263.403

(West 2014).    The trial court extended the dismissal date and set both the

SAPCR and the DFPS suit for trial on January 23, 2014. See id. § 263.401(b).

On December 16, 2013, the trial court removed DFPS as J. and Z.’s temporary

sole managing conservator pursuant to DFPS’s motion, appointed Pirzada as J.’s

temporary managing conservator, and appointed Rice as Z.’s temporary



                                         4
managing conservator. This ended DFPS’s involvement in the SAPCR. Indeed,

DFPS did not enter an appearance at the SAPCR trial.

      The trial of the SAPCR began on January 23, 2014. Pirzada, Rice, and

the attorney general appeared.      At its conclusion, the trial court granted the

divorce, divided the marital estate, appointed Rice as sole managing conservator

of J. and Z., and appointed Pirzada as possessory conservator with supervised

visitation. The trial court further set Pirzada’s child-support obligation at $1,130

per month, which was the amount requested by the attorney general. The final

divorce decree was signed on February 24, 2014.

      Pirzada timely filed a motion for new trial, arguing that the trial court erred

by failing to allow J. to testify at Pirzada’s request and by ordering supervised

visitation for Pirzada in the absence of sufficient evidence.       Pirzada did not

request findings of fact or conclusions of law. See id. § 6.711 (West 2006),

§ 154.130 (West 2014); Tex. R. Civ. P. 296.         The motion was overruled by

operation of law, and Pirzada filed a notice of appeal from the final divorce

decree. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 329b(c). Pirzada argues in three issues that he was

denied the effective assistance of counsel at trial, there was no evidence to

support the trial court’s net-resources finding, and the trial court’s attorneys-fee

award must be remanded if the trial court’s judgment is reversed.

                        II. ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL

      In his first issue, Pirzada argues his trial counsel was constitutionally

ineffective for failing to call two witnesses to “directly challenge the claims of

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alienation,” resulting in the trial court’s unfavorable custody rulings. The right to

effective assistance of counsel arises under the Sixth Amendment and has been

extended only to certain civil proceedings in Texas.       U.S. Const. amend. VI;

see, e.g., In re M.S., 115 S.W.3d 534, 544–45 (Tex. 2003) (extending Sixth

Amendment to parental-rights termination cases based on statutory right to

appointed counsel applicable to termination proceedings); In re Protection of

H.W., 85 S.W.3d 348, 355–56 (Tex. App.—Tyler 2002, no pet.) (noting right

applies to involuntary civil-commitment cases). This constitutional right has not

been extended to divorce proceedings or to disputes regarding conservatorship

or its modification. See In re A.J.M., No. 05-10-00920-CV, 2011 WL 2207103, at

*1 (Tex. App.—Dallas June 8, 2011, no pet.) (mem. op.); In re M.J., No. 09-09-

00355-CV, 2010 WL 3042438, at *4 (Tex. App.—Beaumont Aug. 5, 2010,

no pet.) (mem. op.); Chrisman v. Chrisman, 296 S.W.3d 706, 707 (Tex. App.—El

Paso 2009, no pet.); In re V.N.S., No. 13-07-00046-CV, 2008 WL 2744659, at *5

(Tex. App.—Corpus Christi July 3, 2008, no pet.) (mem. op.).

      Pirzada argues that this right should be extended to the SAPCR trial

because the DFPS suit sought termination of his parental rights and because he

“actually lost his rights to make decisions concerning the care, custody, and

control of his children.”    We conclude the constitutional right to effective

assistance of counsel is not extended to this case.        Although DFPS sought

termination in its suit as an alternative to reunification, that suit was concluded

when the trial court removed DFPS as J. and Z.’s temporary sole managing

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conservator, appointed Rice as Z.’s temporary managing conservator, and

appointed Pirzada as J.’s temporary managing conservator.           DFPS did not

appear at the trial and, of course, introduced no evidence relevant to termination.

Both Rice and Pirzada were represented by retained counsel at the SAPCR trial.

The factor that compelled the supreme court to extend the Sixth Amendment to

parental-rights termination cases—an indigent parent’s statutory right to

appointed counsel in such cases—is not present in this case. We decline to

extend the Sixth Amendment guarantee of effective assistance of counsel under

these circumstances and overrule Pirzada’s first issue. 4

                      III. CHILD-SUPPORT OBLIGATION

      In his second issue, Pirzada argues that the trial court abused its discretion

by determining his monthly net resources and ordering him to pay $1,130 per

month based on that amount. We review a trial court’s determination of child

support for an abuse of discretion. Worford v. Stamper, 801 S.W.2d 108, 109

(Tex. 1990). An abuse of discretion occurs if a trial court acts without reference

to any guiding principles.   Id.   If some probative evidence supports the trial


      4
        Even if the right to effective counsel extended to Pirzada’s retained trial
counsel, we would conclude Pirzada failed to show counsel was ineffective. See
Perez v. State, 310 S.W.3d 890, 894 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010) (holding prejudice
prong of ineffective-assistance test cannot be met for failure to call a witness
absent showing that witness was available and appellant would have benefitted
from testimony); Lair v. State, 265 S.W.3d 580, 594 (Tex. App.—Houston
[1st Dist.] 2008, pet. ref’d) (holding decision whether to call certain witness is
strategic decision that will not be second-guessed by appellate court in the
absence of any explanation).

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court’s decision, no abuse of discretion occurs. In re A.A.G., 303 S.W.3d 739,

740 (Tex. App.—Waco 2009, no pet.). Because Pirzada did not request findings

or conclusions, we imply “that the trial court made all the findings necessary to

support its judgment.” Worford, 801 S.W.2d at 109. In determining whether

some evidence supports the trial court’s decision based on these implied findings

of fact, we are to consider only that evidence most favorable to the issue and

entirely disregard opposing or contradictory evidence. Id.

      Under the statutory guidelines, Pirzada was subject to a presumption that

he should pay 25% of his monthly net resources for J. and Z.’s support.

See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 154.125(b) (West 2014). Net resources for a child-

support obligation include “100 percent of all wage and salary income” and “self-

employment income.” Id. § 154.062(b)(1), (3) (West 2014). Self-employment

income, in turn, is subject to the trial court’s discretion. See Tex. Fam. Code

Ann. § 154.065(b) (West 2014). Pirzada asserts that the evidence he submitted

of his monthly net worth showed an average monthly amount of $6,903.83, which

then must be reduced by 50%—to $3,451.92 per month—to account for

Pirzada’s business partner.

      Pirzada testified that he owned a limousine service equally with a partner,

Mohammad Ismael, who received 50% of the business’s gross income. Pirzada

introduced into evidence the business’s bank statements for five months in 2013,

showing the business grossed an average of $6,903.83 per month, and his 2011

tax return, which showed his adjusted gross income was $16,745. Pirzada did

                                        8
not produce his personal bank statements or the required financial-information

statement. See Tarrant Cnty. (Tex.) Fam. Cts. Loc. R. 4.05(2); see also Tex.

Fam. Code Ann. § 154.063 (West 2014). Pirzada testified that he had business

expenses—car payments, gas, maintenance fees, car insurance—that were

deducted from his gross business income. Rice testified that Pirzada had never

before claimed to have a business partner and pointed out that the web site for

the business only provided Pirzada’s contact information.

      We conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in determining

the amount of Pirzada’s child-support obligation. Although Pirzada testified that

he had a business partner who was entitled to 50% of the amount reflected in the

bank statements, thereby reducing the amount subject to any child-support

obligation, the trial court could have discounted that testimony based on Rice’s

statements that Pirzada never had a business partner.           See In re N.T.,

335 S.W.3d 660, 666 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2011, no pet.). Pirzada also testified

as to business expenses, which would reduce the $6,903.83 gross monthly

income from his business. This evidence taken as a whole supported the trial

court’s order that Pirzada pay $1,130 per month in child support, as requested by

the attorney general. See In re B.J.M., No. 04-14-00300-CV, 2015 WL 1244804,

at *2 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Mar. 18, 2015, no pet. h.) (mem. op.); In re

H.D.C., No. 14-13-00976-CV, 2014 WL 6464331, at *7 (Tex. App.—Houston

[14th Dist.] Nov. 18, 2014, no pet.); Baxley v. Baxley, No. 01-10-00570-CV,

2011 WL 2504216, at *3 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] June 23, 2011, no pet.)

                                        9
(mem. op.). Therefore, Pirzada has failed to show that the trial court abused its

discretion. See, e.g., Moore v. Moore, No. 01-13-00182-CV, 2014 WL 2538555,

at *8–9 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] June 5, 2014, no pet.) (mem. op.);

N.T., 335 SW.3d at 666–67. We overrule issue two.

                                IV. CONCLUSION

      We conclude that the SAPCR was not a proceeding to which the

guarantees of the Sixth Amendment applied and that the trial court did not abuse

its discretion by determining Pirzada’s monthly net income in setting his child-

support obligation. Because Pirzada’s third issue was conditional on a finding of

trial court error, we need not address it. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.1. Accordingly,

we affirm the trial court’s final divorce decree. See Tex. R. App. P. 43.2(a).



                                                    /s/ Lee Gabriel

                                                    LEE GABRIEL
                                                    JUSTICE

PANEL: GARDNER, MEIER, and GABRIEL, JJ.

DELIVERED: April 16, 2015




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