                              ATTORNEY GENERAL OF TEXAS
                                           GREG        ABBOTT




                                               January 29, 2013



The Honorable William A. Callegari, P.E.               Opinion No. GA-0984
Chair, Committee on Government
   Efficiency and Reform                               Re: Whether a junior college district is considered
Texas House of Representatives                         to be a "school district" for purposes of section
Post Office Box 2910                                   395.022, Local Government Code, which relates to
Austin, Texas 78768-2910                               the payment of impact fees to a political subdivision
                                                       (RQ-1076-GA)

Dear Representative Callegari:

        You ask whether a junior college district is a "school district" under subsection 395.022(b)
of the Local Government Code. 1 Enacted in 2007, 2 subsection (b) reads in relevant part:

                         A school district is not required to pay impact fees imposed
                 under this chapter unless the board of trustees of the district consents
                 to the payment of the fees by entering a contract with the political
                 subdivision that imposes the fees ....

TEX. Loc. Gov'T CODE ANN. § 395.022(b) (West Supp. 2012); see id. § 395.001(4) (West 2005)
(defining "impact fee"). Subsection (b) thus serves as an exception to the general requirement
that political subdivisions and other governmental entities may be subject to impact fees. Id.
§ 395.022(a) (West Supp. 2012). As a political subdivision, a city may impose such fees against new
development on land within its corporate boundaries. !d. § 395.011(b) (West 2005). According to
the Request Letter, the City of Weatherford (the "City") contends that subsection (b) applies to
independent school districts only and that junior college districts are excluded from the meaning of
"school district" in subsection (b). Request Letter at 2-3.




          'Letter from Honorable William A. Callegari, P.E., Chair, House Comm. on Gov't Efficiency & Reform, to
Honorable Greg Abbott, Tex. Att'y Gen. at 1 (Aug. 8, 2012), http://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/opin ("Request
Letter").

        2
         See Act of May 11, 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., ch. 250, § 1, 2007 Tex. Gen. Laws 356, 356 (enacting subsection
395.022(b) of the Local Government Code).
The Honorable William A. Callegari, P.E. - Page 2                           (GA-0984)




        When examining a statute, we strive to give effect to the Legislature's intent as expressed
in the statute's plain language. R.R. Comm 'n of Tex. v. Tex. Citizens for a Safe Future & Clean
Water, 336 S.W.3d 619, 628 (Tex. 2011). In doing so, we must constrain our analysis to the
language of the statute, for every word or phrase is "presumed to have been intentionally used with
a meaning and a purpose." In re Allen, 366 S.W.3d 696, 706 (Tex. 2012).

         Chapter 395 does not define "school district." Several different forms of school district exist
under Texas law. 3 Subsection 395 .022(b) does not specify one particular form of school district but
refers to "school districts" generally. Further, chapter 395 does not offer any clear contextual
guidance from which a court could determine the term's meaning or scope. See LTTS Charter Sch.,
Inc. v. C2 Constr., Inc., 342 S.W.3d 73,75 (Tex. 2011) (using the "surrounding statutory landscape"
as an aid to statutory construction).

         Outside of chapter 395, the Local Government Code varies in its treatment of junior college
districts in relation to "school districts." Compare TEX. Loc. Gov'TCODEANN. § 245.001(2) (West
2005) (defining "political subdivision" to include simply "a school district"), and id. § 271.151 (3)(B)
(defining "local governmental entity" to include both a "public school district" and a "junior college
district"), with id. § 271.003(9) (West Supp. 20 12) (defining "school district" to include a "junior
college district"). Thus, nothing in chapter 395 or the Local Government Code indicates whether
the Legislature intended the term "school district" to include junior college districts.

         Outside the Local Government Code, the Legislature has clearly indicated that junior college
districts are school districts. According to subsection 130.122(f) of the Education Code, "[e]ach
junior college district ... heretofore or hereafter created pursuant to the laws of this state, is hereby
declared to be, and constituted as, a school district within the meaning of Article Vll, Section 3, of
the Texas Constitution." TEX. EDUC. CODE ANN.§ 130.122(f) (West 2002) (emphasis added) 4 ; see
TEX. CONST. art. VII,§ 3(d) (authorizing the Legislature to form "school districts by general laws").

          3
            See generally TEX. EDUC. CODE ANN. § 45.111(1) (West 2006) (providing that "the governing body of a
common school district is the commissioners court of the county [and,] [t]he governing body of an independent school
district, a rural high school district, or a junior college district is its board of trustees"). In addition to independent school
districts, common school districts serve the primary educational needs of the state at the county level. See, e.g., TEX.
EDUC. CODE ANN . §§ 11.30l(a) (West Supp. 2012) (providing that common school districts may continue to operate
under former chapter 22 of the Education Code), 22.01-App. (West 2006), 45.00 l (West Supp. 2012); TEX. Loc. Gov'T
CODE ANN.§§ 116.054(a)(2) (West 2008), 271.021(2)(B) (West 2005). Examples of current common school districts
include the Guthrie Common School District, Ramirez Common School District, Terlingua Common School District,
Crockett County Consolidated Common School District, and Kenedy Countywide Common School District. Further,
special school districts can be established with the same rights as independent school districts when the "educational
needs of [certain students] are not adequately met by regular school districts." TEX. EDUC. CODE ANN.§ 11.351 (a)-(b)
(West 2006).
          4
           In 1963, the Texas Supreme Court held in Shepherd v. San Jacinto Junior College District that the Texas
Constitution's ad valorem taxation authorization for "school districts" under article VII, section 3 includes junior college
districts. Shepherd, 363 S.W.2d 742,747 (Tex. 1962). Six years later, the Legislature formally adopted the Education
Code, including the language in chapter 130, which closely resembles the court's language in Shepherd. Act of June 2,
1969, 6lst Leg., R.S., ch. 889, § 1.01, 1969 Tex. Gen. Laws 2735, 2991-3024.
The Honorable William A. Callegari, P.E. - Page 3                      (GA-0984)



Thus, the plain language of subsection 130.122(f) places junior college districts within the meaning
of the statutory term "school district." The Legislature could, of course, exclude junior college
districts from the term "school district" for purposes of a particular statute. As explained above,
however, chapter 395 contains no language indicating the Legislature intended to do so. 5

        If the Legislature wanted to limit subsection 395.022(b) to only independent school districts,
it could have clearly expressed that intent in the statutory language. See Marsh USA Inc. v. Cook,
354 S.W.3d 764, 789 (Tex. 2011). Courts, and by extension this office, must enforce the law as
written and "refrain from rewriting text that lawmakers chose." Entergy Gulf States, Inc. v.
Summers, 282 S.W.3d 433, 443 (Tex. 2009). Given the plain language of the statute and the
Legislature's treatment of junior college districts under chapter 130 of the Education Code, a court
would likely conclude that the term "school district" as used in subsection 395 .022(b) includes junior
college districts.




         5
           You note that Senator Bob Deuell asserted in the statement of intent for Senate Bill 883 that subsection
395.022(b) "exempts independent school districts from impact fees." Request Letter at 2. One legislator's statement
does not determine legislative intent, even if made by the legislation's author. AT&T Commc'ns of Tex. , L.P. v. Sw. Bell
Tel. Co., 186 S.W.3d 517, 528-29 (Tex. 2006). In any event, Sen~tor Duell's statement does not rule out the possibility
that, in the Senator's view, subsection 395.022(b) also exempts other kinds of school districts. You also argue that the
reference to Senator Deuell' s statement of intent in Attorney General Opinion GA-0821 supports the conclusion that only
independent school districts are excluded from paying impact fees under subsection 395 .022(b). Request Letter at 2.
That opinion, however, does not address the question of which school districts are exempt from paying impact fees. The
opinion neither states nor implies that only independent school districts are exempted from paying impact fees.
The Honorable William A. Callegari, P.E. - Page 4       (GA-0984)



                                     SUMMARY

                     A court would likely conclude that the term "school district"
              as used in subsection 395.022(b) of the Local Government Code
              includes junior college districts.

                                            Very truly yours,




DANIEL T. HODGE
First Assistant Attorney General

JAMES D. BLACKLOCK
Deputy Attorney General for Legal Counsel

JASON BOATRIGHT
Chairman, Opinion Committee

Stephen L. Tatum, Jr.
Assistant Attorney General, Opinion Committee
