           IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA


Lamar Advertising of Penn, LLC   :
                                 :
            v.                   :
                                 :
Southmont Borough Zoning Hearing : No. 91 C.D. 2017
Board and Borough of Southmont   : Submitted: November 14, 2017
                                 :
Appeal of: Borough of Southmont :


BEFORE:     HONORABLE ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge
            HONORABLE PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
            HONORABLE DAN PELLEGRINI, Senior Judge


OPINION NOT REPORTED


MEMORANDUM OPINION BY
SENIOR JUDGE PELLEGRINI                              FILED: December 12, 2017


            The Borough of Southmont (Southmont) appeals from an order of the
Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County (trial court) reversing the Southmont
Borough Zoning Hearing Board’s (Board) decision finding that the Southmont zoning
ordinance’s advertising sign provisions resulted in a de jure exclusion of billboards
and granting Lamar Advertising of Penn, LLC (Lamar) permission to construct two
off-premise signs subject to certain specifications, including height and area. For the
following reasons, we affirm.
                                                I.
              Dino and Rosemary Persio (together, Persios) own 3.9 acres of land
located at 942 Pine Grove Lane in Southmont, Cambria County (Property), including
a structure most recently used as a restaurant. The Property is located in Southmont’s
only Commercial (C) District, with a cemetery to the north and a synagogue and local
schools across the highway. Lamar owns and operates a company specializing in off-
premise outdoor advertising otherwise known as billboards. On July 11, 2012, the
Persios entered into a lease allowing Lamar to place billboards on the Property.
Lamar then submitted an application to Southmont for a permit to erect an off-
premise, double-sided billboard with one face bearing a digital LED display and the
other a static display. Both proposed signs were to be 45.2 feet high1 with the
following specifications: front digital sign – 11.75 feet x 21.6 feet = 253.8 square
feet; and back static sign – 10.75 feet x 23 feet = 247.25 square feet.


              Section 901 of the Southmont Borough Zoning Ordinance No. 359
(Zoning Ordinance) pertaining to signs provides, in pertinent part:

              SECTION 901 GENERAL PROVISIONS

              Except for signs indicating availability of a building or land
              for rent or sale, any sign erected or altered after the
              effective date of this Ordinance shall be in accordance with
              the provisions and regulations contained in this Article.

                      A. A permit shall be required for any sign erected.



       1
         The proposed location of the post bearing the billboards is on a steep slope approximately
20 feet below the surface of the public roadway known as Menoher Boulevard.



                                                2
                     B. All signs shall be constructed and maintained in a
             safe orderly manner. No sign shall be placed in such a
             position that it will cause danger to vehicular or pedestrian
             traffic by obscuring view or causing distraction.

                    C. Any sign, if illuminated, shall be non-flashing,
             shall be of enclosed lamp design, and shall be lighted in a
             manner not detrimental to any adjacent property or public
             right-of-way.

                                         ***

                    F. The height of any sign may not exceed twenty
             (20) feet, as measured from the ground level to the top of
             the sign.


(Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 11a.) (Emphasis added.) Section 903 of the Zoning
Ordinance provides, in pertinent part:

             SECTION 903 PROVISIONS FOR “C” DISTRICT

                   A. In the “C” District, the following signs shall be
             permitted and the following regulations shall apply:

                          1. Any sign permitted in an R District.

                          2. On premise business signs or identification
             signs not to exceed thirty (30) square feet per sign,
             however, if there are more than two (2) businesses the total
             amount of signage shall not exceed sixty (60) square feet.

                                         ***

                          5. No off-premise signs allowed.


(R.R. at 12a.) (Emphasis added.)




                                           3
              Southmont denied Lamar’s permit request stating that the proposed signs
exceed the 20-foot maximum height limitation set forth in Section 901-F of the
Zoning Ordinance, as well as Section 903-A5 of the Zoning Ordinance which
prohibits off-premise signs.2       Lamar then filed an appeal and application for a
variance with the Board arguing, among other things, that the Zoning Ordinance is de
jure exclusionary because it contains a blanket exclusion of billboards as a use
without justification. Lamar also argued that the Zoning Ordinance is de facto
exclusionary because compliance with its restrictions renders billboards economically
impracticable or impossible as a use. The parties submitted a joint stipulation of facts
on July 7, 2014, including diagrams of the Property and the proposed sign location.


              At the outset of a hearing before the Board, Lamar requested that the
Board determine whether the Zoning Ordinance’s ban of off-premise signs was de
jure exclusionary because it excludes off-premise signs in all districts. The Board
declined to rule immediately and took the issue under advisement.


              Nathan Karn, Esquire (Attorney Karn), testified on behalf of Lamar as
an expert in municipal government issues concerning zoning ordinances. Citing
Township of Exeter v. Zoning Hearing Board of Exeter Township (Exeter), 962 A.2d
653 (Pa. 2009), he testified that billboards are considered a legitimate use of property
in Pennsylvania and, therefore, cannot be totally excluded by a municipality.
Attorney Karn testified as to the meaning of de jure and de facto exclusions in zoning

       2
        Southmont’s denial letter also specified that the permit request did not comply with the
Ladybird-Johnson Act, 23 U.S.C. §§ 101-610, or the Outdoor Advertising Control Act of 1971, Act
of December 15, 1971, P.L. 596, 36 P.S. §§ 2718.101 – 2718.115. These reasons for the denial
have been abandoned.



                                               4
ordinances and opined that, based upon his review of the entire Zoning Ordinance, it
was de jure exclusionary3 because there is no district in Southmont in which off-
premise advertising is permitted.4


               George A. Foster (Foster), Lamar’s Vice President and General
Manager, testified regarding the topography of the Property as well as construction
and specifications of Lamar’s proposed static and LED billboards. Foster testified
that the industry standard for a regular billboard is 300 square feet, and the standard
for larger billboards that are made to go across highways is 600 square feet. He
stated that the proposed size of the two billboards is necessary given the speed limit
(45 m.p.h.) and size of the highway the Property abuts and the distance vehicles
would be from the billboards. Foster testified that if the signs were any smaller, they
would be ineffective at communicating an off-premise advertising message, and none
of his advertisers would pay for an off-premise sign that was only 30 square feet. He
explained that Lamar proposed to put the billboards at the bottom of the slope
easement along the roadway the Property sits upon because they cannot erect the
billboards within the slope easement. The signs are proposed to be 42.5 feet high, as
measured from the bottom of the slope, because they need to be clearly visible to
vehicles traveling on the roadway.              Foster testified that this would place the



       3
          A de jure exclusion exists where an ordinance, on its face, totally bans a legitimate use. A
de facto exclusion exists where an ordinance permits a use on its face, but when applied, acts to
prohibit the use throughout the municipality. Macioce v. Zoning Hearing Board of the Borough of
Baldwin, 850 A.2d 882, 887 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2004).

       4
         Counsel for Southmont objected to Attorney Karn’s testimony on the basis that it was an
attempt to usurp the role of the Board in deciding the constitutionality of the Zoning Ordinance.



                                                  5
billboards six feet above the road surface, still within the Zoning Ordinance’s 20-foot
height restriction if you measure from the actual road surface.


               Richard Wargo, Southmont’s Manager and Zoning Officer (Zoning
Officer Wargo), testified that billboards are not allowed anywhere in Southmont. He
also testified that to the best of his knowledge, all of the on-premise signs in the C
District comply with the size and height requirements of the Zoning Ordinance. He
testified that there are two schools and a synagogue near the proposed billboard site,
with heavy traffic in that area, and there is a concern that the billboard could be a
distraction to drivers.


               Michael Lose, the West Millcreek Police Chief (Chief Lose), testified
that he conducted a traffic study by placing a mobile radar trailer traffic counter
(counter) in close proximity to the location of the proposed billboards. The counter
clocked the northbound, downhill traffic for six days and observed 11,121 vehicles
traveling at an average of 44 m.p.h.5


               The Board denied Lamar’s appeal and variance request, finding that the
Zoning Ordinance was not de jure exclusionary because it permitted on-premise
signs. In the alternative, the Board held that Lamar’s request was properly denied
because it failed to conform with area and height requirements for all signs in the
borough, because 300 square foot signs did not represent the minimum variance

       5
        Several members of the public present at the hearing asked questions and testified that they
opposed the permit request due to the proposed billboards’ proximity to local schools, a synagogue
and cemetery and the high volume of traffic; the potential of the billboards to distract drivers; and
because a 300-foot sign would detract from the aesthetics of the area.



                                                 6
necessary to convey an advertising message, and any hardship was unique only to a
small portion of the Property and created by Lamar due to where it proposed to place
the signs.


                 Lamar appealed to the trial court6 and Southmont intervened. The trial
court sustained Lamar’s appeal, finding that Section 903-A5 of the Zoning Ordinance
is unconstitutional to the extent that it excludes billboards and that Southmont failed
to establish a substantial relationship between the exclusion and public health, safety,
morality or general welfare. Citing to In re Bartkowski Investment Group, Inc., 106
A.3d 230 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2014), and Section 1006-A(c) of the Municipalities Planning
Code (MPC),7 the trial court noted that it “has broad discretionary powers to fashion
appropriate relief to the successful challenger of a zoning ordinance.” Bartkowski,
106 A.3d at 248.


                 The trial court also determined that additional evidence would be
beneficial in fashioning relief because the issues of public health, safety, morality and
general welfare were not fully developed and the Board did not receive complete
evidence regarding alternatives to the proposed billboards. Therefore, the trial court
remanded the case to the Board

                 for further proceedings relative to all issues not inconsistent
                 with this Opinion/Order. Including, but not limited to,
                 exploration of alternative sites and/or alternative

       6
           The parties submitted an updated Stipulation of Facts to the trial court on May 29, 2015.

       7
        Act of July 31, 1968, P.L. 805, as amended, added by the Act of December 21, 1988, P.L.
1329, 53 P.S. § 11006-A(c).



                                                   7
              configurations for [Lamar]’s proposed use. In an effort to
              encourage finality and discourage delay, any issues not
              presented before the Board will be waived, and will not be
              considered in additional proceedings before this Court.


(Trial Court’s November 24, 2015 Order at 2.)


                                               II.
              On remand, Zoning Officer Wargo testified that the topography of the
Property had not changed since the Perios purchased it in 2011. Southmont also
presented a written report from Brad Detweiler (Detweiler), a registered professional
land surveyor, showing the use of significantly smaller, on-premise advertising signs
throughout Cambria County.8


              Several members of the community testified regarding concerns they
have over the proposed billboards, in particular, the proposed size, arguing: they are
unsightly and too close to residences; would detract from the area’s historic nature
and beauty; would have a negative effect on neighboring property values; would
distract drivers and create a safety hazard; could be seen from the cemetery; and
smaller signs are sufficient to carry an advertising message.


              Andrew Ebersole (Ebersole), a licensed land surveyor, testified that the
grading of the roadway along the Property changed at some point so that, with respect

       8
          Southmont argued that the Board should adopt the Zoning Ordinance’s size and height
requirements for on-premise signs when considering Lamar’s request to construct the proposed off-
premise billboards. Lamar argued that the Zoning Ordinance’s on-premise sign requirements were
irrelevant and also objected to the introduction of evidence in Detweiler’s report regarding signs
located outside Southmont.



                                                8
to the location of the proposed billboards, the center line of the roadway is now six
feet higher.     Ebersole admitted that this change occurred prior to the Perios
purchasing the Property.


               The Board then made the following recommendations to the trial court:
(1) Lamar should be permitted to erect two billboards on the Property on one support,
approximately 60 square feet each (no more than 5.3 feet tall by 11.5 feet wide); (2)
the bottom of each billboard should be no more than 3 feet above the center of the
roadway; (3) the downhill facing billboard should be static without animation and
backlighting; and (4) the uphill facing billboard could be digital but with no
animation, no video, a 30-second hold on changing messages, and must automatically
dim at night to no more than 10% of daytime illumination.


               Lamar appealed, and the trial court sustained the appeal but did not grant
all of the relief Lamar requested. It limited the downhill facing sign to 64 square feet
rather than 275 square feet, without animation and backlighting; and limited the
uphill facing sign to a 300 square foot digital billboard with no animation, no video,
an 8-second hold on changing messages, and it must automatically dim at night to no
more than 10% of daytime illumination. The trial court admonished Southmont for
failing to address the issue of public health, safety, morality and welfare on remand.
Southmont then filed this appeal.


                                           III.
               On appeal, Southmont does not argue that the trial court erred in
determining that Section 903-A5 of the Zoning Ordinance is exclusionary by totally
excluding billboards. Instead, it argues that the trial court abused its discretion by


                                            9
granting Lamar greater relief than was reasonable because that relief was inconsistent
with the square footage restrictions for on-premise business signs as outlined in
Section 903-A2 of the Zoning Ordinance as well as allowing the sign to be in excess
of the 20-foot height limitation contained in Section 901-F.


                                                 A.
               Initially, Southmont contends that because the parties entered into two
separate stipulations of fact and the trial court did not take any additional evidence,
the trial court was required to affirm the Board’s determination regarding relief unless
the Board committed a manifest abuse of discretion or an error of law. However,
Section 1006-A(c) of the MPC9 gives the trial court and not the zoning hearing board
jurisdiction to oversee this process and make independent findings. As we stated in
Bartkowski:

               Section 1006-A gives broad discretionary powers to the trial
               court to fashion appropriate relief to the successful
               challenger of a zoning ordinance. In exercising this power
               to fashion judicial relief, the trial court owes no deference

      9
          53 P.S. § 11006-A (c) provides:

               If the court finds that an ordinance or map, or a decision or order
               thereunder, which has been brought up for review unlawfully prevents
               or restricts a development or use which has been described by the
               landowner through plans and other materials submitted to the
               governing body, agency or officer of the municipality whose action or
               failure to act is in question on the appeal, it may order the described
               development or use approved as to all elements or it may order it
               approved as to some elements and refer other elements to the
               governing body, agency or officer having jurisdiction thereof for
               further proceedings, including the adoption of alternative restrictions,
               in accordance with the court's opinion and order.



                                                 10
             to the administrative findings of the zoning hearing board . .
             . . This does not mean, however, that a trial court must also
             ignore findings of the local agency or the evidence gathered
             in the local agency proceeding. Though not binding, both
             may inform a trial court’s decision under Section 1006-A.
             The trial court may also conduct a hearing to receive
             evidence. Such additional evidence, whether developed
             before the trial court or the zoning hearing board at the trial
             court’s discretion, would seem necessary should the trial
             court consider alternative sites and/or alternative
             configurations for the use at issue. . . . Ultimately, what
             form of judicial relief is appropriate – e.g., location and/or
             configuration – is the trial court’s decision, subject to a
             right of appeal, of course, to this Court.


106 A.3d at 248. In effect, this provision embodies the principle that “Where a
zoning ordinance acts as a de jure exclusion of a legitimate use . . . ‘the sole remedy
is to allow the use somewhere in the municipality and equity dictates that this
opportunity fall to the successful litigant.’” Lamar Advertising of Penn, LLC v.
Zoning Hearing Board of the Borough of Deer Lake (Deer Lake), 915 A.2d 705, 710
(Pa. Cmwlth. 2007) (quoting Adams Outdoor Advertising v. Borough of Coopersburg
Zoning Hearing Board, 625 A.2d 768, 770 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1993)); see also Casey v.
Zoning Hearing Board of Warwick Township, 328 A.2d 464, 469 (Pa. 1974) (stating
“[t]o forsake a challenger’s reasonable development plans after all the time, effort and
capital invested in such a challenge is grossly inequitable.”).


             Because the trial court is granted jurisdiction to decide the appropriate
remedy and not the Board, what is before this Court is whether the trial court, not the
Board, abused its discretion in determining, based on the evidence presented, that
what Lamar proposed “is reasonable, and not injurious to the public health, safety,
welfare and morals.” Deer Lake, 915 A.2d at 711 (citation omitted); see also Adams


                                           11
Outdoor Advertising, Ltd. v. Hanover Township Zoning Hearing Board, 633 A.2d
240, 245 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1993).


                                            B.
              As to its contention that the trial court abused its discretion by permitting
Lamar to construct a billboard in excess of the square footage limitation for on-
premise signs, Southmont would have to show that what was proposed by Lamar as
site specific relief would be detrimental to the health, safety and welfare of the
community. In addition, to obtain the relief that it suggests, Southmont would have
to establish that the square footage of the signs it proposes is reasonable and would
advance the public’s health, safety and welfare.


              In determining what sized signs are needed to grant site-specific relief,
proof of industry standards for billboards are probative; however, a municipality can
establish that smaller signs would be reasonable if it can demonstrate that the smaller
size it proposes would be effective at communicating a commercial message. Exeter,
962 A.2d at 662-63; Interstate Outdoor Advertising, L.P. v. Zoning Hearing Board of
Warrington Township, 39 A.3d 1019, 1026 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2012), petition for
allowance of appeal denied, 75 A.3d 1283 (Pa. 2013). Based on that evidence, the
trial court can make an independent judgment of the size of the sign that provides
site-specific relief.


              In this case, Lamar offered evidence that the industry standard for a
regular billboard is 300 square feet, and the standard for larger billboards that are
made to go across highways is 600 square feet. All that Southmont offered was
evidence showing the use of significantly smaller, on-premise advertising signs


                                            12
throughout Cambria County without any evidence that the size of the billboards it
proposed could convey a commercial message. It did not offer any substantive
evidence that the signs would “distract drivers” or constitute “traffic hazards,”and did
not provide any evidence regarding the effects the two billboards would have on
development or how they could harm the area. See Norate Corp. v. Zoning Board of
Adjustment of Upper Moreland Township, 207 A.2d 890 (Pa. 1965); Spriggs v. South
Strabane Township Zoning Hearing Board, 786 A.2d 333 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2001).


             Given that Southmont did not offer any evidence to show the small, on-
premise square footage limitation was reasonable to convey a commercial message or
otherwise show that the proposed billboards would adversely affect the health, safety
and welfare of the community, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding
that the billboards had to be in excess of the Zoning Ordinance’s square footage
requirement for on-premise signs to give site specific relief.


                                           C.
             As to the trial court’s ordering that the billboards could be 45.2 feet in
height rather than the 20-foot height requirement for all signs contained in the Zoning
Ordinance, it is undisputed that it would be impossible for Lamar to comply with the
20-foot height restriction if it was forced to measure from the base of the slope versus
the highway road surface because the billboards would not be visible to passing
motorists. Again, Southmont failed to offer any evidence that allowing a sign to be in
excess of the 20-foot height requirement would “distract drivers” or constitute a
“traffic hazard;” failed to show what effects the billboards would have on
development; and failed to show any other effect that would be detrimental to the
health, safety and welfare of the community.


                                           13
             Accordingly, given that Southmont failed to offer any probative
evidence establishing that the proposed billboards were in any way detrimental to the
health, safety and welfare of the community, the trial court did not abuse its
discretion in granting the site-specific relief that it ordered, and that order is affirmed.




                                                 DAN PELLEGRINI, Senior Judge



Judge Wojcik did not participate in the decision of this case.




                                            14
         IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA


Lamar Advertising of Penn, LLC   :
                                 :
            v.                   :
                                 :
Southmont Borough Zoning Hearing :
Board and Borough of Southmont   : No 91 C.D. 2017
                                 :
Appeal of: Borough of Southmont :




                                  ORDER


            AND NOW, this 12th day of December, 2017, the order of the Court
of Common Pleas of Cambria County in the above-captioned matter is affirmed.




                                          DAN PELLEGRINI, Senior Judge
