                                                                      FIFTH DIVISION
                                                                      June 8, 2007




No. 1-05-0045

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS,                          )       Appeal from the
                                                              )       Circuit Court of
                Plaintiff-Appellee,                           )       Cook County
                                                              )
       v.                                                     )
                                                              )
WADE BEACHEM,                                                 )
                                                              )       Honorable
                Defendant-Appellant.                          )       William G. Lacy,
                                                              )       Judge Presiding.

       JUSTICE O’MARA FROSSARD delivered the opinion of the court:

       Following a bench trial, defendant Wade Beachem was convicted of possession of a

controlled substance with intent to deliver and sentenced to six years in the Illinois state

penitentiary. The trial court also ordered defendant to pay $3,704. On appeal, defendant claims

that his conviction of possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver should be

reduced to simple possession of a controlled substance because the State did not prove that he

had the requisite intent to deliver. Defendant also contends that he should be credited, against his

sentence, for time served in the Cook County Sheriff’s Day Reporting Center Program (Day

Reporting Center) prior to sentencing. Defendant raises three contentions concerning the order to

pay $3,704: (1) he was denied due process when he was ordered to pay a $5 fee for deposit in the

Spinal Cord Injury Paralysis Cure Research Trust Fund; (2) that he is entitled to apply a $5-per-
1-05-0045

day credit for incarceration to the $3,000 controlled substance assessment; and (3) that the trial

court improperly imposed a $20 fine for deposit in the Violent Crime Victims Assistance Fund.

Lastly, the defendant contends that the extraction of his blood and perpetual storing of his DNA

profile pursuant to section 5-4-3 of the Unified Code of Corrections (730 ILCS 5/5-4-3 (West

2004)) violates his fourth amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures.

                                         BACKGROUND

       At trial, Officer Albert Powe testified that on the evening of March 3, 2004, he and his

partner, Officer Hawkins, executed a search warrant for defendant Wade Beachem at 3550 S.

Rhodes Avenue, Apartment 607, Chicago. When the two officers stepped off the elevator of the

sixth floor, they observed as defendant opened the front door of apartment 607. Officers Powe

and Hawkins identified themselves as Chicago police officers and informed defendant that they

had a search warrant for the apartment. When they walked inside, two other adults and two

children were seated in the living room. The officers told those present in the apartment that they

had a search warrant to search the apartment, provided a copy of the warrant, and read defendant

his Miranda rights. After reading defendant his Miranda rights, Officer Powe asked defendant if

he wanted to tell the officers about anything in the apartment. Defendant at that point declined to

make any statements.

       During the search, the officers recovered two plastic bags containing a white, rocky

substance from the pocket of a jacket hanging in the rear bedroom closet. The officers

transported defendant to the second district police station. At the station, Officer Powe read

defendant his Miranda rights. After receiving his Miranda rights, defendant stated that he sold


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drugs to support his family.

       The parties stipulated that Charlotte Corbitt, a forensic chemist with the Illinois State

Police crime lab, would have testified that the plastic bags weighed 23.9 grams total, and that the

bags tested positive for the presence of cocaine. The parties further stipulated that a proper chain

of custody was maintained at all times. The officers also found an unopened ComEd utility bill

from January 2004 addressed to defendant at the 3550 S. Rhodes address.

       The trial court found defendant guilty of possession of a controlled substance with intent

to deliver, sentenced defendant to a minimum of six years in prison, and ordered defendant to pay

$3,704 in “costs and fees.” This appeal followed.

                                           ANALYSIS

       On appeal, defendant challenges his conviction for possession of a controlled substance

with intent to deliver, the calculation of his term of imprisonment, various fines and fees imposed

against him, and contends that the extraction of his blood and perpetual storing of his DNA

profile violates his fourth amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures.

                  I. Possession of a Controlled Substance with Intent to Deliver

       Defendant contends that his conviction of possession of a controlled substance with intent

to deliver should be reduced to simple possession of a controlled substance because the State did

not prove that he had the requisite intent to deliver. The three elements of the crime of unlawful

possession of narcotics with intent to deliver are: (1) the defendant had knowledge of the

presence of the narcotics, (2) the narcotics were in the immediate possession or control of the

defendant, and (3) the defendant intended to deliver the narcotics. People v. Pintos, 133 Ill. 2d


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1-05-0045

286, 291 (1989). On appeal, defendant contends that the State did not prove the third element

beyond a reasonable doubt - that he intended to deliver the narcotics.

       In addressing the sufficiency of the evidence, it is not the court’s role to reweigh the

evidence. People v. Hendricks, 325 Ill. App. 3d 1097, 1110 (2001). Rather, the issue to be

resolved is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, any

rational trier of fact could have concluded beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant intended

to deliver the cocaine. People v. Robinson, 167 Ill. 2d 397, 407 (1995).

       Since direct evidence of intent to deliver is rare, intent to deliver is frequently proven

with circumstantial evidence. Robinson, 167 Ill. 2d at 408. Illinois courts have considered

several different factors probative of intent to deliver.

               “Such factors include whether the quantity of controlled substance

               in defendant’s possession is too large to be viewed as being for

               personal consumption (People v. Berry (1990), 198 Ill. App. 3d

               24), the high purity of the drug confiscated (People v. Torres

               (1990), 200 Ill. App. 3d 253), the possession of weapons (People v.

               Dockery (1993), 248 Ill. App. 3d 59), the possession of large

               amounts of cash (People v. Jones (1991), 215 Ill. App. 3d 652), the

               possession of police scanners, beepers or cellular telephones

               (People v. LeCour (1988), 172 Ill. App. 3d 878), People v.

               Bradford (1993), 239 Ill. App. 3d 796), the possession of drug

               paraphernalia (People v. McDonald (1992), 227 Ill. App. 3d 92)


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1-05-0045

               and the manner in which the substance is packaged (People v.

               Banks (1992), 227 Ill. App. 3d 950).” Robinson, 167 Ill. 2d at 408.

       In the instant case, the officers confiscated two plastic bags from defendant’s jacket that

contained 23.9 grams of cocaine in total. Although Illinois courts have on occasion found

amounts of cocaine in excess of 23.9 grams to be consistent with personal consumption,

supporting only a conviction of simple possession, Illinois courts have also convicted defendants

of possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver with less than 23.9 grams of cocaine

when other evidence is present. Hendricks, 325 Ill. App. 3d at 1114 (court reversed defendant’s

conviction of possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver and remanded case for

trial on possession of a controlled substance where the State could not prove that defendant had

the requisite intent to deliver 27.81 grams of cocaine); People v. Little, 322 Ill. App. 3d 607, 620

(2001) (court found that 1.5 grams of cocaine was sufficient to find defendant had the requisite

intent to deliver where officers witnessed defendant exchange a small object for money).

       As the Illinois Supreme Court stated in Robinson, where the quantity of narcotics “in the

defendant’s possession decreases, the need for additional circumstantial evidence of intent to

deliver to support a conviction increases.” Robinson, 167 Ill. 2d at 413. Although the quantity of

a controlled substance alone can be sufficient to prove an intent to deliver, here, the State does

not argue that the amount of cocaine, standing alone, was sufficient to support a conviction of

possession with intent to deliver. See Robinson, 167 Ill. 2d at 410-11. Rather, the State contends

that the amount of cocaine and the defendant’s own admission to Officer Powe, that he sold

drugs in order to take care of his family, support the trial court’s conviction of defendant for


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1-05-0045

possession with intent to deliver.

       We are mindful that in addressing the question of the sufficiency of the evidence we are

not to reweigh the evidence. Based on the large amount of cocaine and the defendant’s

statement, we find that when all of the evidence is viewed as a whole and in a light most

favorable to the State, that a rationale trier of fact could have concluded beyond reasonable doubt

that the defendant intended to deliver the narcotics in his possession.

                             II. Calculation of Term of Imprisonment

       Defendant contends that his mittimus should be amended to reflect credit for 7 days that

he spent in full custody prior to his bench trial, 26 days in full custody between his guilty finding

and his sentencing, and 258 days during which he was subject to the restrictions of the sheriff’s

Day Reporting Center pursuant to section 5-8-7 of the Unified Code of Corrections (730 ILCS

5/5-8-7 (West 2004)). Alternatively, the defendant argues that if the court does not find that he is

entitled to credit for 258 days then he is at least entitled to credit for the 171 days during which

he actually spent time in custody at Cook County Jail for several hours while participating in the

sheriff’s Day Reporting Center program. Since this is purely a legal issue and there are not

disputed facts, it will be reviewed de novo. People v. Dinelli, 217 Ill. 2d 387, 397 (2005).

       Defendant spent 7 days in full custody prior to his bench trial, 26 days in full custody

between his guilty finding and sentencing, and 258 days as a participant in the Day Reporting

Center. Of the 258 days in the Day Reporting Center, defendant spent time in custody at Cook

County Jail for several hours on 171 of those days. However, the mittimus only reflects 26 days

of sentencing credit for the time he spent in full custody between defendant being found guilty


                                                  6
1-05-0045

and his sentencing.

       Section 5-8-7 of the Unified Code of Corrections provides, in relevant part, as follows:

                        “(a) A sentence of imprisonment shall commence on the

               date on which the offender is received by the Department or the

               institution at which the sentence is to be served.

                        (b) The offender shall be given credit on the determinate

               sentence or maximum term and the minimum period of

               imprisonment for time spent in custody as a result of the offense

               for which the sentence was imposed, at the rate specified in Section

               3-6-3 of this Code [730 ILCS 5/3-6-3 (West 2004)]. Except when

               prohibited by subsection (d), the trial court may give credit to the

               defendant for time spent in home detention, or when the defendant

               has been confined for psychiatric or substance abuse treatment

               prior to judgment, if the court finds that the detention or

               confinement was custodial.” 730 ILCS 5/5-8-7(a), (b) (West

               2004).

       In the instant case, the State and defendant agree that the mittimus should be amended to

reflect an additional credit of seven days for the days defendant spent in full custody prior to trial.

Accordingly, we order the mittimus to be amended to reflect an additional seven-day credit,

pursuant to section 5-8-7.

       The second issue we must decide is whether time spent in the Day Reporting Center is


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1-05-0045

“time spent in custody,” as contemplated by section 5-8-7. The defendant contends he was

entitled to sentencing credit for the time he spent in the Day Reporting Center. The State opposes

that credit. In People v. Martin, the court held that the defendant was not entitled to a sentencing

credit, pursuant to section 5-8-7, for the time he spent participating in the Day Reporting Center.

People v. Martin, 357 Ill. App. 3d 663 (2005). Martin’s holding was, in part, based on People v.

Ramos, 138 Ill. 2d 152 (1990). In Ramos, the Illinois Supreme Court held that the “defendant’s

period of home confinement [while released on bond] was not ‘time spent in custody’ within the

meaning of the statute.” Ramos, 138 Ill. 2d at 159. Martin rejected our analysis in People v.

Campa, 353 Ill. App. 3d 178 (2004), which held that a defendant participating in the Day

Reporting Center was “in custody” for purposes of the speedy-trial statute (725 ILCS 5/103-5

(West 2000)). Since the decision in Martin was filed, the Illinois Supreme Court affirmed People

v. Campa, 217 Ill. 2d 243 (2005).

       The State does not rely on Martin, but references Ramos and People ex rel. Morrison v.

Sielaff, 58 Ill. 2d 91 (1974), and notes that “the Illinois Supreme Court in People v. Campa, 217

Ill. 2d 243 (2005), has recently disposed of this issue.” We find Campa, however, does not

support the State’s opposition to the defendant receiving sentencing credit for his participation in

the Day Reporting Center. The Illinois Supreme Court in Campa found both Ramos and

Morrison inapposite, explaining as follows:

                       “We decline the State’s invitation to apply the reasoning of

               Morrison and Ramos in the present context. Both Morrison and

               Ramos involved a defendant who was admitted to bond. This is a


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               distinction of note since, hereinafter, we hold that defendant was

               not on bail or recognizance while participating in the Day

               Reporting Center program. Further, both Morrison and Ramos

               involved the meaning of the term ‘custody’ as used in the credit-

               against-sentence provision of the Unified Code of Corrections.

               The court carefully limited the opinions to the context of the

               Unified Code of Corrections. See Morrison, 58 Ill. 2d at 93-94;

               Ramos, 138 Ill. 2d at 158-62.” Campa, 217 Ill. 2d. at 261.

       The court in Campa held that as a participant in the Day Reporting Center, the defendant

was in the “custody” of the Cook County Department of Corrections. Campa, 217 Ill. 2d at 254.

In the context of the speedy-trial statute, the Illinois Supreme Court affirmed the appellate court’s

reversal and discharge because the defendant was in custody and he was not tried within 120

days. Campa, 217 Ill. 2d at 270.

       The Illinois Supreme Court in Campa reviewed the meaning of the term “custody” as it is

used in the speedy-trial statute section 103-5 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 (725

ILCS 5/103-5 (West 2004)). In the instant case, we are asked to review the meaning of the term

“custody” as it is used in the sentencing credit provision, section 5-8-7(b) of the Unified Code of

Corrections (730 ILCS 5/5-8-7(b) (West 2004)). Mindful of this difference, we nevertheless find

the analysis used by the Illinois Supreme Court in Campa instructive. We first examine the

status of the defendant in the instant case and then look at the nature of his participation in the

Day Reporting Center.


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1-05-0045

       The defendant in Morrison was on home confinement and the defendant in Ramos was on

bail; neither defendant was participating in the sheriff’s Day Reporting Center. However, like

the defendant in Campa, the defendant in the instant case was in the sheriff’s Day Reporting

Center program. In the instant case, defendant, while participating in the Day Reporting Center,

remained in the custody of the sheriff’s department.

       We are mindful that the conditions of the Day Reporting Center are not as onerous as the

conditions of confinement in a correctional institution. As recognized by the Illinois Supreme

Court in Campa:

               “The basic concept of the Day Reporting Center program is to

               acclimate the participant to the daily routine of reporting to a

               strictly supervised environment, where he is expected to adhere to

               a schedule and engage in productive activities. Every participant in

               the program is subject to mandatory daily attendance and drug

               testing.” Campa, 217 Ill. 2d 254-55.

We further note that the sheriff retains control over each participant in the program from Monday

through Friday for up to nine hours, from 7 a.m. to 4 p.m., with the exception of county holidays.

A participant’s attendance is not satisfied by merely checking in at the center. Rather,

participants must be present in the “strictly supervised environment” for three to nine hours daily.

See Day Reporting Center, Cook County Sheriff's Office D.C.S.I., available at

http://ww.cookcountysheriff.org/dcsi/day.html (last visited May 7, 2007).




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       A defendant can be in “custody” as the result of the conditions imposed by a detaining

authority such as the constraints imposed on defendant’s liberty by the sheriff’s Day Reporting

Center program. See Campa, 217 Ill. 2d at 254-55. Based on the totality of the circumstances,

including the fact that defendant was in the custody of the sheriff, and taking into consideration

the nature and purpose of the Day Reporting Center, we conclude defendant was in “custody” as

the term is used in the sentencing credit provision of the Unified Code of Corrections (730 ILCS

5/5-8-7(b) (West 2004)). Accordingly, defendant is entitled to credit against his sentence for all

“time spent in custody as a result of the offense for which the sentence was imposed.” 730 ILCS

5/5-8-7(b) (West 2004).

       We are mindful that when a defendant is held in custody for any part of a day he is

entitled to credit against his sentence for all of that day. People v. Quintana, 332 Ill. App. 3d 96,

110 (2002). However, we are not prepared to give defendant credit for 258 days for the entire

period during which he was potentially subject to the restrictions of the sheriff’s Day Reporting

Center program. Consistent with case law and the intent of the sentencing-credit statute, we give

defendant credit for each day during which he in fact reported to the sheriff’s Day Reporting

Center and actually spent time in custody at Cook County Jail for several hours. Quintana, 332

Ill. App. 3d at 110; People v. Donnelly, 226 Ill. App. 3d 771, 779 (1992) (defendant held in

custody for any part of a day is entitled to credit against his sentence for all of that day). The

record reflects that during the 258 days defendant was in the custody of the sheriff as a

participant in the sheriff’s Day Reporting Center program, he in fact spent time in custody in

Cook County jail for several hours on 171 of those 258 days, excluding weekends, holidays and


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1-05-0045

excused court dates. Accordingly, defendant is to receive credit for the 171 days during which he

in fact spent time in custody at the Cook County jail as a participant in the sheriff’s Day

Reporting Center program.

       For the reasons previously discussed, defendant is entitled to credit for a total of 204

days. The total of 204 days’ sentencing credit reflects credit for 7 days in full custody prior to

defendant’s bench trial, 26 days in full custody between his guilty finding and his sentencing, and

171 days’ credit for actual time spent in custody at the Cook County jail as a participant in the

sheriff’s Day Reporting Center program. The mittimus should be corrected to reflect the total

credit of 204 days.

                                     III. Spinal Cord Fund Fee

       Defendant contends that he was denied due process when he was ordered to pay a $5 fee

for deposit in the Spinal Cord Injury Paralysis Cure Research Trust Fund (Spinal Cord Fund)

pursuant to section 5-9-1.1 of the Unified Code of Corrections (730 ILCS 5/5-9-1.1 (West

2004)). Defendant argues that there is no reasonable relationship between his conviction for

possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver and the public interest in funding

spinal cord research. We review the constitutionality of statutes de novo. People v. Dinelli, 217

Ill. 2d 387, 397 (2005).

       Section 5-9-1.1 provides, in relevant part, as follows:

                       “(a) When a person has been adjudged guilty of a drug

               related offense involving possession or delivery of cannabis or

               possession or delivery of a controlled substance as defined in the


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1-05-0045

                Cannabis Control Act, as amended, or the Illinois Controlled

                Substances Act, as amended, in addition to any other penalty

                imposed, a fine shall be levied by the court at not less than the full

                street value of the cannabis or controlled substances seized.

                                                 ***

                        (c) In addition to any penalty imposed under subsection (a)

                of this Section, a fee of $5 shall be assessed by the court, the

                proceeds of which shall be controlled by the Circuit Clerk and

                remitted to the State Treasurer under Section 27.6 of the Clerks of

                Courts Act for deposit into the Spinal Cord Injury Paralysis Cure

                Research Trust Fund. This additional fee of $5 shall not be

                considered a part of the fine for purposes of any reduction in the

                fine for time served either before or after sentencing.” 730 ILCS

                5/5-9-1.1(a), (c) (West 2004).

        The Illinois Supreme Court recently upheld the constitutionality of the $5 charge, finding

that the “fee” is a fine, its purpose is punitive, and it is not grossly disproportionate to the offense

of possession of a controlled substance. People v. Jones, 223 Ill. 2d 569, 605 (2006). In

accordance with Jones, we uphold the subject $5 charge.

                                     IV. Credit for Incarceration

        Defendant contends that under section 110-14 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963

(725 ILCS 5/110-14 (West 2004)), he is entitled to apply a $5-per-day credit for incarceration on


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1-05-0045

a bailable offense to the $3,000 controlled substance assessment. The State asserts that the $5

credit is applicable only to “fines,” that the charges identified by defendant were not “fines,” and

that, therefore, the credit should not apply. Since this is purely a legal issue and there are not

disputed facts, it will be reviewed de novo. People v. Dinelli, 217 Ill. 2d 387, 397 (2005).

       Section 110-14 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 provides, in relevant part, as

follows:

                      “Any person incarcerated on a bailable offense who does not

               supply bail and against whom a fine is levied on conviction of such

               offense shall be allowed a credit of $5 for each day so incarcerated

               upon application of the defendant. However, in no case shall the

               amount so allowed or credited exceed the amount of the fine.” 725

               ILCS 5/110-14 (West 2004).

“The plain language of this statute indicates that the credit applies only to ‘fines’ that are

imposed pursuant to a conviction, not to any other court costs or fees.” People v. Tolliver, 363

Ill. App. 3d 94, 96 (2006). “ ‘[A] “fine” is a pecuniary punishment imposed as part of a criminal

sentence.’ ” Tolliver, 363 Ill. App. 3d at 97, quoting People v. Bishop, 354 Ill. App. 3d 549, 562

(2004). In contrast, a “fee” is a charge for labor or services that is compensatory in nature.

Tolliver, 363 Ill. App. 3d at 97, citing Bishop, 354 Ill. App. 3d at 562.

       In order to determine whether the credit, pursuant to section 110-14, applies to the $3,000

controlled substance assessment, we must first determine whether the respective assessment is a

“fine.” Pursuant to section 411.2 of the Illinois Controlled Substances Act, defendant was


                                                  14
1-05-0045

ordered to pay a $3,000 controlled substance assessment. 720 ILCS 570/411.2 (West 2004).

Section 411.2 provides as follows:

                       “(a) Every person convicted of a violation of this Act, and

               every person placed on probation, conditional discharge,

               supervision or probation under Section 410 of this Act, shall be

               assessed for each offense a sum fixed at:

                               (1) $ 3,000 for a Class X felony[.]” 720 ILCS 570/4

                       11.2(a)(1) (West 2004).

In prior cases involving this issue, we have consistently held that assessments, pursuant to

section 411.2, are fines for which defendants are entitled to apply the $5 per-day credit. See, e.g.,

People v. Youngblood, 365 Ill. App. 3d 210 (2006); People v. McNeal, 364 Ill. App. 3d 867

(2006); People v. Fort, 362 Ill. App. 3d 1, 5-6 (2005); People v. Haycraft, 349 Ill. App. 3d 416,

430 (2004); People v. Littlejohn, 338 Ill. App. 3d 281, 284 (2003); People v. Gathing, 334 Ill.

App. 3d 617, 620 (2002); People v. Rodriguez, 276 Ill. App. 3d 33, 41 (1995); People v. Otero,

263 Ill. App. 3d 282, 287 (1994); People v. Reed, 255 Ill. App. 3d 949, 951 (1994); People v.

Brown, 242 Ill. App. 3d 465, 466 (1993). We decline to depart from this line of cases. People v.

Fort, No. 1-04-1937, slip op. at 9-10 (May 29, 2007).

       Moreover, the Illinois Supreme Court in Jones has recognized that the drug assessment is

“subject to reduction by credit for presentencing incarceration pursuant to section 110-14(a) of

the Code of Criminal Procedure (725 ILCS 5/110-14(a) (West 2004)).” Jones, 223 Ill. 2d at 592.

Accordingly, we find that a $5-per-day credit may be applied to defendant’s $3,000 controlled


                                                 15
1-05-0045

substance assessment.

       For the reasons previously discussed, defendant is entitled to credit for 204 days of

presentencing incarceration at $5-per-day for a total of $1,020 to be credited against his $3,000

controlled substance assessment. Accordingly, we amend the costs and fees order to reflect a

total of $1,020 based on the 204 days of credit at $5 per day against the $3,000 controlled

substance assessment.

                            V. Violent Crime Victims Assistance Fund

       Defendant contends that $20 for the Violent Crime Victims Assistance Fund was

erroneously assessed to him because the penalty may be applied only where “no other fine is

imposed.” The $20 penalty was assessed pursuant to section 10(c)(2) of the Violent Crime

Victims Assistance Act, which provides as follows:

                        “(c) When any person is convicted in Illinois on or after

               August 28, 1986, of an offense listed below, or placed on

               supervision for such an offense on or after September 18, 1986, and

               no other fine is imposed, the following penalty shall be collected by

               the Circuit Court Clerk:

                               ***

                               (2) $20, for any other felony or misdemeanor,

                        excluding any conservation offense.” 725 ILCS 240/10 (c)

                        (2) (West 2004).




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1-05-0045

       Under the plain language of the statute, a $20 penalty may be ordered only if no other

fines have been imposed. In the instant case, we have already determined that another fine was

imposed upon the defendant in the form of the $3,000 controlled substance assessment. The Act

does not apply to defendant under its own plain language. Therefore, the trial court acted

improperly when it imposed a $20 Violent Crime Victims Assistance Fund penalty in this case.

We strike the penalty from the order.

                               VI. Constitutionality of DNA Statute

       Finally, defendant contends that the extraction of his blood and perpetual storing of his

DNA profile pursuant to section 5-4-3 of the Unified Code of Corrections (730 ILCS 5/5-4-3

(West 2004)) violates his fourth amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches and

seizures and asks this court to find the statute unconstitutional. We review the constitutionality

of statutes de novo. People v. Dinelli, 217 Ill. 2d 387, 397 (2005).

       We affirm the constitutionality of the statute authorizing the extraction and storing of

DNA based on the Illinois Supreme Court’s holding in People v. Garvin, 219 Ill. 2d 104 (2006).

We note in Garvin, the defendant, similar to the instant case, argued that the State’s interest in

the blood sample and DNA did not outweigh his privacy interest, “even in light of his felony

conviction.” Garvin, 219 Ill. 2d at 123. The supreme court recognized that a convicted felon’s

privacy rights are “substantially reduced due to his status as a convicted felon.” Garvin, 219 Ill.

2d at 124. The supreme court found “the State’s interest in effective crime investigations and

prevention, as advanced by section 5-4-3, outweighs defendant’s privacy interest as a convicted

felon.” Garvin, 219 Ill. 2d at 125. In conclusion, the supreme court rejected the defendant’s


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constitutional challenge as follows:

               “We also hold that the DNA sampling and database mandated by

               section 5-4-3 is constitutional both as applied in defendant’s case

               and on its face.” Garvin, 219 Ill. 2d at 125.

       Following the principles articulated in Garvin, we uphold section 5-4-3 as constitutional

on its face and as applied to defendant. We reject defendant’s argument. The order of the circuit

court regarding the extraction and storing of defendant’s DNA is affirmed.

                                          CONCLUSION

       For the reasons previously discussed, we rule as follows: (1) affirm defendant’s

conviction of possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver; (2) affirm the $5

payment to the Spinal Cord Injury Paralysis Cure Research Trust Fund; (3) amend the mittimus

to reflect a total of 204 days’ credit, pursuant to section 5-8-7; (4) amend the Costs and Fees

order to reflect a total of $1,020 to be credited against the $3,000 controlled substance

assessment; (5) strike from the order the $20 Violent Crime Victims Assistance Fund penalty;

and (6) affirm the trial court’s order regarding the extraction and storing of defendant’s DNA.

       Affirmed as modified.

       O’BRIEN, P.J., and GALLAGHER, J., concur.




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