                                                                                                                           Opinions of the United
2007 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


7-6-2007

Wallace v. Price
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 03-9002




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Recommended Citation
"Wallace v. Price" (2007). 2007 Decisions. Paper 807.
http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2007/807


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                                                                   NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT




                                Nos. 03-9002 & 03-9003


                               WILLIAM WALLACE, JR.,

                                                       Appellant

                                              v.

                             JAMES PRICE, Superintendent




                     On Appeal from the United States District Court
                        for the Western District of Pennsylvania
                                 (D. C. No. 99-cv-00231)
                        District Judge: Hon. Sean J. McLaughlin


                                   Argued June 7, 2007

              Before: FUENTES, GREENBERG and ROTH, Circuit Judges

                               (Opinion filed: July 6, 2007)


                                        OPINION




ROTH, Circuit Judge:

       William Wallace was sentenced to death after a Pennsylvania jury convicted him of

first degree murder in the death of Tina Spalla. The jury also convicted Wallace of robbery,
criminal conspiracy, and second degree murder in the death of Carl Luisi. Wallace has filed

a habeas petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2254, challenging his convictions. The District Court,

adopting the Report and Recommendation of the Magistrate Judge, ordered that the first

degree murder conviction be vacated because the trial court did not admit hearsay evidence

of a statement made by Wallace’s accomplice, Henry Brown, that he, not Wallace, shot

Spalla. The District Court held that the refusal to admit this statement violated Wallace’s

rights under the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment and the Due Process Clause

of the Fourteenth Amendment, as set forth in Chambers v. Mississippi, 410 U.S. 284 (1973).

The other convictions were allowed to stand, leaving Wallace to serve a sentence of life

imprisonment without the opportunity for parole.

       Wallace appealed the judgment of the District Court, raising the following five claims:

First, the exclusion of evidence of Brown’s confession warranted the vacating of all

Wallace’s convictions, not just the conviction for first degree murder. Second, the manner

by which Brown’s testimony was secured violated Wallace’s rights to due process and a fair

trial. Third, Wallace’s trial counsel was ineffective for failing to seek an independent

ballistics test. Fourth, Wallace’s Sixth Amendment right to counsel was violated when the

prosecution enlisted the aid of a jailhouse informant, who later testified against Wallace.

Fifth, the penalty-phase jury instructions regarding mitigation erroneously suggested a need

for unanimity in violation of Mills v. Maryland, 487 U.S. 367 (1988), and that error was not

harmless. The Commonwealth cross-appealed, claiming that the District Court erred in



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vacating the first degree murder conviction on the grounds that Wallace’s federal

constitutional rights were violated and also erred in not concluding that any possible errors

were harmless.

       We do not recount the facts and history of this case, which are well-known to the

parties. The Report and Recommendation and the opinion of the District Court are thorough

and well-reasoned, and we readily affirm the judgment of the District Court in full. We do

note that in analyzing whether the Chambers and Confrontation Clause violations amounted

to harmless error, the District Court employed the “substantial and injurious effect” standard

set forth in Brecht v. Ambrahamson, 507 U.S. 619 (1993). Although the Supreme Court had

yet to decide Fry v. Pliler, ___ S.Ct. ___, 2007 WL 1661463 (June 11, 2007), the District

Court was right to use the Brecht standard, regardless of whether the Pennsylvania courts had

recognized the precise error at issue and reviewed it for harmlessness under the “harmless

beyond a reasonable doubt” standard set forth in Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18 (1967).

See Fry 2007 WL 1661463, at *6. 1

       Because the writ is granted as to Wallace’s conviction for first degree murder, we will

dismiss as moot his penalty-phase claim under Mills, which goes only to the sentence on that

conviction.

       For the reasons stated above, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.



       1
       We also note that the Commonwealth had conceded at oral argument that, with regard
to the Chambers and Confrontation Clause violations, we would not be bound by the
harmless error determination made by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.

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