                          STATE OF MICHIGAN

                           COURT OF APPEALS



                                                                   UNPUBLISHED
In the Matter of FISHER/NELSON-FISHER,                             October 30, 2014
Minors.
                                                                   No. 320035
                                                                   Wayne Circuit Court
                                                                   Family Division
                                                                   LC No. 12-506422-NA


Before: CAVANAGH, P.J., and JANSEN and RONAYNE KRAUSE, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

        Respondent appeals by right the trial court’s order terminating her parental rights to her
son and three daughters (“the children”). The trial court determined that there was clear and
convincing evidence to establish the statutory grounds for termination1 and that termination was
in the children’s best interests. We affirm.

        Respondent first argues that termination of her parental rights was clearly erroneous
because DHS failed to make reasonable efforts toward reunification with the children.
Specifically, respondent argues that there was significant evidence suggesting that, after an
additional three to six months of services, she would have been prepared to regain custody of the
children. Respondent contends that because she was not offered an extension of time to
participate in a reunification plan, she was never afforded a reasonable opportunity to comply
with the terms of her case service plan. We disagree.

        In order to preserve for appellate review a challenge to DHS’s efforts toward
reunification, a respondent must “object or indicate that the services provided . . . were somehow
inadequate.” In re Frey, 297 Mich App 242, 247; 824 NW2d 569 (2012). Respondent did not
argue in the trial court that DHS’s efforts toward reunification were inadequate; this argument is
presented for the first time on appeal. Accordingly, the issue is unpreserved.

       Pursuant to MCL 712A.19a(2), if a child remains in foster care and parental rights to the
child have not yet been terminated, “[r]easonable efforts to reunify the child and family must be


1
  Respondent does not argue in her brief on appeal that there was insufficient evidence to
establish the individual statutory grounds for termination. See MCL 712A.19b(3). Accordingly,
we decline to address this matter.


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made.” See also Frey, 297 Mich App at 247. Specifically, “DHS has a responsibility to expend
reasonable efforts to provide services to secure reunification.” Id. at 248. However, “there
exists a commensurate responsibility on the part of [a respondent] to participate in the services
that are offered.” Id. In cases where DHS has provided services to secure reunification, but the
respondent has either failed to participate in those services or demonstrate that he or she has
benefitted from them, DHS has fulfilled its responsibility under MCL 712A.19a(2). Frey, 297
Mich App at 248.

        It was clear from the evidence presented at the hearing that DHS provided reasonable
services toward reunification. However, respondent did not participate in many of the services,
and she did not benefit from others. Anita Miko, the DHS employee assigned to this case, stated
that she made numerous referrals to respondent for housing; however, respondent ignored all the
referrals except one. Respondent did move into one apartment based on a referral from Miko,
but she moved out after less than one month. Further, Miko made numerous referrals for
intensive parenting classes, individual therapy, and family therapy, but respondent did not follow
through on any of the referrals. Instead, respondent was consistently terminated from the
services that she did begin because of her failure to regularly attend.

        Respondent did state at the hearing that she did not receive housing referrals from DHS,
but she does not so argue on appeal. Instead, respondent argues that because there was testimony
suggesting that she had improved in her case service plan participation in the months leading up
to the hearing, she should have been granted an extension of time to participate in services.
Respondent stated that she believed she would be ready for custody of the children in three to six
months after the hearing, but that is irrelevant to the issue of whether DHS provided reasonable
services toward reunification in the period between removal of the children and termination of
respondent’s parental rights. Between March 30, 2012, and November 6, 2013, the period
between removal of the children and termination of respondent’s parental rights, DHS made
reasonable efforts toward reunification. For most of that time, respondent failed to take
advantage of the services, which ultimately resulted in termination of her parental rights.
Respondent’s argument on appeal is meritless.

        Respondent next argues that termination of her parental rights was not in the children’s
best interests. Specifically, respondent contends that the trial court failed to explicitly address
the fact that the children have remained in the care of a relative, their great aunt, since the time of
their removal from respondent’s home. Respondent argues that the trial court’s failure to address
this fact constituted clear error. We disagree.

        “Whether termination of parental rights is in the best interests of the child must be proved
by a preponderance of the evidence.” In re Moss, 301 Mich App 76, 90; 836 NW2d 182 (2013).
We review for clear error the trial court’s findings regarding a child’s best interests. MCR
3.977(K); In re Trejo, 462 Mich 341, 356-357; 612 NW2d 407 (2000). “A finding of fact is
clearly erroneous if the reviewing court has a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has
been committed, giving due regard to the trial court’s special opportunity to observe the
witnesses.” Moss, 301 Mich App at 80.

       “If the court finds that there are grounds for termination of parental rights and that
termination of parental rights is in the child’s best interests, the court shall order termination of

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parental rights and order that additional efforts for reunification of the child with the parent not
be made.” MCL 712A.19b(5). In considering whether termination is in a child’s best interests,
the court may consider a child’s bond to the parent, the parent’s parenting ability, the child’s
need for permanency, stability, and finality, and the advantages of a foster home over the
parent’s home. In re Olive/Metts Minors, 297 Mich App 35, 41-42; 823 NW2d 144 (2012).

        “[A] child’s placement with relatives weighs against termination under MCL
712A.19a(6)(a), which expressly establishes that, although grounds allowing the initiation of
termination proceedings are present, initiation of termination proceedings is not required when
the children are ‘being cared for by relatives.’” In re Mason, 486 Mich 142, 164; 782 NW2d 747
(2010). Accordingly, placement of a child with relatives is an explicit factor that must be
considered in determining whether termination of parental rights is in the best interests of a child.
Id. “A trial court’s failure to explicitly address whether termination is appropriate in light of the
children’s placement with relatives renders the factual record inadequate to make a best-interest
determination and requires reversal.” Olive/Metts, 297 Mich App at 43. When termination of
parental rights to a group of children is considered, the trial court must address any significant
differences between each child’s best interests. In re White, 303 Mich App 701, 716; 846 NW2d
61 (2014).

         Respondent’s argument on this issue is cursory. In essence, she argues that the trial court
failed to address the fact that the children resided with their great aunt after they were removed
from her home, and that the trial court failed to explicitly address each child’s placement with
relatives individually. Respondent’s argument is meritless. The trial court specifically found
that “[t]he children have been placed with a maternal relative who is willing to plan long term for
them.” Accordingly, respondent’s argument that the trial court failed to consider this fact is
incorrect. Respondent is correct in her observation that the trial court did not specifically address
the best interests of each child individually; however, she does not explain how the interests of
any one child differ significantly from the interests of the others. All of the children have resided
at their great aunt’s house since the time of their removal from respondent’s home; the children
will be able to remain in that home into the future. Further, there was no evidence on the record
to suggest that the best interests of the children differed significantly. The trial court did not
clearly err when it considered the best interests of the children as a group, rather than
individually.

         Respondent also notes that the evidence showed that she loves the children and is very
bonded with them. It is uncontested that respondent is bonded with the children. However,
respondent has demonstrated very little parenting ability; since the time the children were
removed from her home, she has failed to participate in her case service plan and she has missed
numerous visits with the children. Respondent personally testified that she was not ready for
custody of the children at the time of the hearing; however, she stated that she believed she
would be ready in another three to six months. Further, the children’s need for permanency,
stability, and finality was best served by termination of respondent’s parental rights. From
March 30, 2012, to November 6, 2013, respondent showed little or no willingness to participate
in her case service plan, she did not find stable housing, and she did not find a legal and stable
source of income. The children’s great aunt has provided a stable home for the children since the
time of their removal, she has stated that she wants to adopt the children, and her willingness to


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pursue adoption of the children will provide permanency. The trial court did not err by
concluding that termination of respondent’s parental rights was in the children’s best interests.

       Affirmed.

                                                           /s/ Mark J. Cavanagh
                                                           /s/ Kathleen Jansen
                                                           /s/ Amy Ronayne Krause




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