[Cite as State v. Young, 2019-Ohio-3161.]

                             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

                                  TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

State of Ohio,                                    :

                 Plaintiff-Appellant,             :
                                                                      No. 19AP-49
v.                                                :               (C.P.C. No. 98CR-6650)

Hubert Young,                                     :           (REGULAR CALENDAR)

                 Defendant-Appellee.              :



                                            D E C I S I O N

                                     Rendered on August 6, 2019


                 On brief: Ron O'Brien, Prosecuting Attorney, and Michael P.
                 Walton, for appellant. Argued: Michael P. Walton.

                  APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas

KLATT, P.J.

        {¶ 1} Plaintiff-appellant, State of Ohio, appeals from a judgment of the Franklin
County Court of Common Pleas granting the application of defendant-appellee, Hubert
Young, to seal the record of his prior conviction. For the reasons that follow, we reverse.
        {¶ 2} On November 30, 1998, a Franklin County Grand Jury indicted appellee on
one count of theft, in violation of R.C. 2913.02, a felony of the fourth degree. On March 29,
1999, appellee pleaded guilty to the stipulated lesser-included offense of theft, in violation
of R.C. 2913.02, a felony of the fifth degree. In a judgment entry of conviction and sentence
filed on May 12, 1999, the trial court placed appellee on community control for four years
and ordered him to pay restitution to State Farm Insurance in the amount of $4,000 and
to the victim in the amount of $500. Pursuant to an entry filed May 8, 2003, the trial court,
noting that appellee had "failed to comply with the condition of Community Control that
he pay restitution," extended the period of community control for one year until May 11,
2004. On May 12, 2004, the trial court filed an entry discharging appellee from community
No. 19AP-49                                                                                2


control because "defendant has complied with the terms of his probation, except that the
restitution is not paid." (May 12, 2004 Entry at 1.)
       {¶ 3} On July 5, 2018, appellee filed his "Application for Order Sealing Record of
Conviction" pursuant to R.C. 2953.32(A). On October 23, 2018, appellant filed an objection
to the application, arguing that appellee had not complied with the filing requirements set
forth in R.C. 2953.32(A)(1). Specifically, appellant contended that appellee had not paid
his restitution in full at the time he was terminated from community control. Appellant
argued that because appellee bore the burden of establishing that he is eligible to have his
record sealed, he was required to provide evidence that he paid the restitution in full and
complied with the three-year statutory waiting period set forth in R.C. 2953.32(A)(1).
       {¶ 4} On November 29, 2018, the trial court held a hearing on appellee's
application. Appellee appeared pro se at the hearing and averred that he "looked into the
- -the restitution that's owed." (Nov. 29, 2018 Tr. at 3.) He explained that he contacted
State Farm and was told it "had sold this debt in 2008 to a collection firm [and] the only
thing they could tell me is what they had received already, which was $1,035 out of the debt
I think." Id. Appellee stated that State Farm provided the name of the collection firm;
however, he subsequently learned that the collection firm was no longer in business.
According to appellee, the original collection firm was purchased by another firm in 2011
or 2012; appellee contacted the new firm and was told "they don't even handle this type of
stuff anymore." Id. at 4. Upon the trial court's inquiry, appellee admitted that he had no
documentation to support his contentions.
       {¶ 5} The trial court then explained that it could not grant appellee's application if
he had not paid his court-ordered restitution. In response, appellee stated that State Farm
informed him that it had reimbursed the victim $500. Appellee further averred that State
Farm "gave me a number" and "what I came up with was $3,800 and some change is what
I actually owed"; however, State Farm could not accept payment from appellee because it
no longer held the debt. Id. at 5. Following this exchange, the trial court continued the
matter to allow appellee the opportunity to provide documentation demonstrating how
much restitution had been paid and whether State Farm still had an interest in the debt.
The prosecutor did not object to the continuance.
No. 19AP-49                                                                                  3


       {¶ 6} On January 17, 2019, the trial court held another hearing on the application
at which appellant again appeared pro se. Appellee stated that immediately following the
previous hearing on his application, he learned that he still owed $3,416 in restitution and
that he had "settled with State Farm." (Jan. 17, 2019 Tr. at 2-3.) A member of the probation
department who was at the hearing confirmed that appellee "made $1,400 in payments
[and] showed where he paid to the individual victim of the $500 and then other fees that
he paid went to the Treasurer and then he paid $984 toward State Farm." Id. Appellee
provided the trial court with two letters which the court reviewed but did not summarize
on the record, other than to indicate that one of the letters was dated December 27 and
appeared to be from the attorney representing State Farm. Id. at 3-4. The court provided
both letters to the prosecutor for review, stating "[t]here's two letters there, but the second
letter says that it's * * *." Id. at 4. The court did not finish this sentence. The prosecutor
did not address the documentation in any way. The court averred that, based on the
information presented, it was satisfied that appellee had fulfilled his restitution obligation.
The court concluded that "[g]iven the fact that the initial conviction was from 1998, the
defendant is otherwise eligible and has resolved the restitution issue. The Court will grant
the order at this time." Id. The prosecutor offered no objection to the court's decision.
       {¶ 7} On January 17, 2019, the trial court issued a judgment entry sealing the
record of appellee's conviction. Appellant timely appealed to this court from the trial court's
judgment and assigns the following as trial court error:
              THE TRIAL COURT LACKED JURISDICTION TO GRANT
              THE APPLICATION TO SEAL THE RECORD OF
              CONVICTION, WHERE DEFENDANT HAD NOT
              RECEIVED A FINAL DISCHARGE WITHIN THE MEANING
              OF R.C. 2953.32.

       {¶ 8} An appellate court generally reviews a trial court's decision on an R.C.
2953.52 application to seal a record of conviction under an abuse of discretion standard.
State v. Paige, 10th Dist. No. 15AP-510, 2015-Ohio-4876, ¶ 5, citing State v. Black, 10th
Dist. No. 14AP-338, 2014-Ohio-4827, ¶ 6. An abuse of discretion connotes more than an
error of law or judgment; it implies that the court's attitude was "unreasonable, arbitrary
or unconscionable." Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983). Whether an
applicant is an eligible offender for purposes of sealing a criminal record is an issue of law
No. 19AP-49                                                                                      4


that we review de novo. Paige at ¶ 5. Similarly, the question whether an applicant has
complied with the mandatory waiting period prior to filing an application is a question we
review de novo. In re Application for the Sealing of Records of: A.R.H., 10th Dist. No.
18AP-554, 2019-Ohio-1325, ¶ 13.
        {¶ 9} In its single assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court lacked
jurisdiction to grant appellee's application. More specifically, appellant contends appellee
still owed restitution for his offense and thus had not received a "final discharge" pursuant
to R.C. 2953.32(A)(1). For the following reasons, we hold that the trial court lacked
jurisdiction to entertain appellee's application because appellee failed to comply with the
mandatory waiting period of R.C. 2953.32 prior to filing his application.
        {¶ 10} A trial court may grant an application to seal a record of conviction only when
all statutory requirements for eligibility are met. State v. Martin, 10th Dist. No. 14AP-582,
2015-Ohio-1557, ¶ 8, citing State v. Brewer, 10th Dist. No. 06AP-464, 2006-Ohio-6991, ¶ 5.
Pursuant to R.C. 2953.32(A)(1), "an eligible offender may apply to the sentencing court * *
* for the sealing of the record of the case that pertains to the conviction." In State v. Pariag,
137 Ohio St.3d 81, 2013-Ohio-4010, the Supreme Court of Ohio explained that
"[e]xpungement of a criminal record is an 'act of grace created by the state' " and that "R.C.
2953.32 et seq. set out the limits of the trial court's jurisdiction to grant a request to seal the
record of convictions." Id. at ¶ 12, quoting State v. Hamilton, 75 Ohio St.3d 636, 639 (1996).
R.C. 2953.32(A)(1) further provides that where the offender was convicted of one felony,
application may be made at the expiration of three years after the offender's final discharge.
        {¶ 11} The Supreme Court of Ohio has determined that "the final discharge required
by R.C. 2953.32(A)(1) does not occur until an offender satisfies all sentencing requirements.
Court ordered restitution is one such sentencing requirement." State v. Aquirre, 144 Ohio
St.3d 179, 2014-Ohio-4603, ¶ 28. Thus, a final discharge cannot be achieved by an offender
prior to the payment of restitution. Black, 10th Dist. No. 14AP-338, 2014-Ohio-4827, at
¶ 10.
        {¶ 12} Where the offender was convicted of one felony, the "[a]pplication may be
made at * * * the expiration of three years after the offender's final discharge." R.C.
2953.32(A)(1)(a). Accordingly, R.C. 2953.32(A)(1)(a) requires a three-year waiting period
No. 19AP-49                                                                                   5


for felony convictions. The relevant waiting period is a mandatory requirement for the
sealing of a record of conviction. Black.
       {¶ 13} Appellant's argument is that appellee has yet to obtain final discharge
because he has not paid full restitution to State Farm. However, at the January 17, 2019
hearing, appellee provided documentary evidence from State Farm which established, to
the trial court's satisfaction, that appellee satisfied his restitution obligation to State Farm
as of December 27, 2018. Although the record does not include this documentary evidence,
the record does establish that the trial court reviewed it and thereafter concluded that it
sufficiently established that appellee had paid the restitution owed State Farm. We must
presume the regularity in the trial court proceedings. Studley v. Biehl, 10th Dist. No. 18AP-
11, 2018-Ohio-2274, ¶ 13.
       {¶ 14} However, based upon this evidence, the earliest appellee could have obtained
final discharge was December 27, 2018. Appellee filed his application to seal the record of
his felony conviction on July 5, 2018. Appellee clearly filed his application prematurely
under R.C. 2953.32(A)(1)(a), which states that "[a]pplicaton may be made at * * * the
expiration of three years after the offender's final discharge if convicted of one felony." Only
after restitution has been fully paid " 'does the three-year waiting period in R.C.
2953.32(A)(1) commence to run, and only after expiration of that period may' an offender
ordered to pay restitution have his or her record sealed." Black at ¶ 12, quoting Aquirre at
¶ 20. Because appellee filed his application to seal the record of his felony conviction prior
to the expiration of the mandatory waiting period, the trial court lacked jurisdiction to
entertain appellee's application. Id.
       {¶ 15} Having determined the trial court lacked jurisdiction to entertain appellee's
prematurely filed application to seal the record of his felony conviction, we sustain
appellant's sole assignment of error, reverse the judgment of the Franklin County Court of
Common Pleas, and remand this matter to that court to vacate the order sealing the record.
                                                  Judgment reversed and cause remanded.

                        BEATTY BLUNT and NELSON, JJ., concur.
