                                       Slip Op. 09-115

 UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

                                                   :
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY & MATERIALS                    :
CO., LTD., BEIJING GANG YAN                        :
DIAMOND PRODUCTS COMPANY, and                      :
GANG YAN DIAMOND PRODUCTS, INC.,                   :
                                                   :
                    Plaintiffs,                    :
     and                                           :
                                                   :
BOSUN TOOLS GROUP CO., LTD.,                       :
                                                   :
                    Plaintiff-Intervenor,          :
                                                   :
                  v.                               : Before R. Kenton Musgrave, Senior Judge
                                                   :
UNITED STATES,                                     : Court No. 09-00079
                                                   :
                    Defendant,                     :
                                                   :
     and                                           :
                                                   :
DIAMOND SAWBLADES                                  :
MANUFACTURERS COALITION,                           :
                                                   :
                    Defendant-Intervenor.          :
                                                   :
                                                   :


                                            OPINION

     [Dismissing action as premature without prejudice to refiling.]

                                                                        Decided October15, 2009

     Barnes, Richardson & Colburn (Jeffery S. Neeley) for Plaintiffs.

     DeKieffer & Horgan (Gregory S. Menegaz) for Plaintiff-Intervenor.

     Tony West, Assistant Attorney General; Jeanne E. Davidson, Director, and Franklin E. White,
Court No. 09-00079                                                                           Page 2


Jr., Assistant Director, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, U.S. Department of Justice
(Delisa M. Sanchez); Office of the Chief Counsel for Import Administration, U.S. Department of
Commerce (Mark B. Lehnardt), Of Counsel, for Defendant United States.

        Wiley Rein, LLP (Daniel B. Pickard and Maureen E. Thorson) for Defendant-Intervenor.

                Musgrave, Senior Judge: Plaintiffs instituted this action pursuant to 19 U.S.C.

§§ 1516a(a)(2)(A)(i)(II) and 1516a(a)(2)(B)(i) to challenge a determination by the International

Trade Administration, United States Department of Commerce (“Commerce”) that diamond

sawblades and parts thereof from China and Korea were being sold in the United States at less than

fair value. Pls.’ Am. Compl. at 1. The government contends that the action has been filed

prematurely and moves to dismiss the matter for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. For the reasons

set forth below, the court will grant the government’s motion and dismiss the matter without

prejudice to refiling.

                This matter relates directly to the court’s recent decision in Diamond Sawblades

Mfrs.’ Coalition v. United States, 33 CIT __, Slip Op. 09-107 (Sept. 30, 2009) (granting application

for writ of mandamus and ordering Commerce to issue and publish antidumping duty orders on

diamond sawblades from China and Korea and to collect appropriate cash deposits; denying as moot

application for writ of mandamus as to the United States International Trade Commission (“ITC”)).

That matter having been decided, the court now proceeds to resolve the issue presented here.

                In June 2006, Commerce issued a final affirmative determination finding that

diamond sawblades imported from China and Korea were being sold, or were likely to be sold, in

the United States at less than fair value; that is, the merchandise was being “dumped.” See Final

Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and Final Partial Affirmative Determination of

Critical Circumstances: Diamond Sawblades and Parts Thereof from the People’s Republic of
Court No. 09-00079                                                                          Page 3


China, 71 Fed. Reg. 29303 (Dep’t Commerce May 22, 2006), as amended, 71 Fed. Reg. 35864

(Dep’t Commerce June 22, 2006); Notice of Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value

and Final Determination of Critical Circumstances: Diamond Sawblades and Parts Thereof from

the Republic of Korea, 71 Fed. Reg. 29310 (Dep’t Commerce June 22, 2006).

              In July 2006, the ITC determined that a domestic industry was not materially injured,

or threatened with material injury, by reason of the dumped imports. See Diamond Sawblades and

Parts Thereof From China and Korea, 71 Fed. Reg. 39128 (ITC July 11, 2006). Accordingly, no

antidumping duty order was issued at that time. However, when a coalition of domestic industry

producers challenged the decision in this court, the matter was subsequently remanded to the ITC

for further consideration. On remand, the ITC reversed its position on the question of threat-of-

material-injury and issued an affirmative determination in that regard. See Diamond Sawblades and

Parts Thereof from China and Korea, Investigation Nos. 731-TA-1092 and 1093 (Final)(Remand)

USITC Pub. 4007 (May 2008) (“Remand Determination”). The court sustained the Remand

Determination. Diamond Sawblades Mfr’s Coalition v. United States, Slip Op. 09-5, 2009 WL

289606 (CIT Jan. 13, 2009) (“Slip Op. 09-5”).

              Shortly thereafter, in accordance with 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(c)(1) and Timken Co. v.

United States, 893 F.2d 337 (Fed. Cir. 1990), Commerce published a Federal Register notice of the

court’s decision in Slip Op. 09-5 as a decision “not in harmony” with the ITC’s original

determination, otherwise known as a “Timken Notice.” See Diamond Sawblades and Parts Thereof

from the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Korea: Notice of Court Decision Not In

Harmony With Final Determination of the Antidumping Duty Investigations, 74 Fed. Reg. 6570
Court No. 09-00079                                                                            Page 4


(Dep’t Commerce Feb. 10, 2009) (“Timken Notice”). In the Timken Notice, Commerce announced,

inter alia, that if Slip Op. 09-5 “is not appealed, or is affirmed on appeal, then antidumping duty

orders on diamond sawblades from [China] and Korea will be issued.” Id.

               On February 23, 2009 plaintiffs filed the current action. In response, Commerce filed

a motion to dismiss the matter, asserting that, because no antidumping duty order has been

published, the action is premature and the court is without subject-matter jurisdiction to review it.

For the reasons set forth below, the court will grant Commerce’s motion to dismiss.

                                             Discussion

               Sections 1516a(a)(2)(A)(i)(II) and 1516a(a)(2)(B)(i) set forth the specific terms under

which the United States has waived its sovereign immunity and consented to being sued in this

Court, and “those limitations must be strictly observed and are not subject to implied exceptions.”

Georgetown Steel Co. v. United States, 801 F.2d 1308, 1312 (Fed. Cir. 1986). Time limits for

seeking judicial review are “jurisdictional in nature and may not be enlarged or altered by the

courts.” Natural Resources Defense Council v. N.R.C., 666 F.2d 595, 602 (D.C. Cir. 1981).

Because the Court’s subject-matter jurisdiction derives exclusively from statutory grants of authority

provided by Congress, the Court may not extend its jurisdiction beyond that permitted by law. See

Christianson v. Colt Industries Operating Corp., 486 U.S. 800, 818 (1988).

               Pursuant to section 1516a(a)(2)(A)(i)(II), a party may challenge a final affirmative

dumping determination by commencing an action in this Court within thirty days after the date of

publication in the Federal Register of an antidumping duty order. 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(a)(2)(A)(i)(II).

An action commenced prior to the publication of an antidumping duty order will be deemed
Court No. 09-00079                                                                             Page 5


premature and must be dismissed. See British Steel Corp. v. United States, 6 CIT 200, 573 F. Supp.

1145 (1983) (dismissing as premature action commenced after affirmative countervailing duty

determination but prior to publication of the countervailing duty order).

               The plaintiffs in this case do not debate that an action commenced prior to the

publication of an antidumping duty order must be dismissed as premature. Instead, the plaintiffs

assert that this action is not premature because Commerce’s February 10, 2009 Timken Notice

effectively served as an antidumping duty order. Pls.’ Opp’n to Mot. to Dismiss at 2-3. Plaintiffs

contend that the Timken Notice “acts in every manner like an order” because (1) section 1673d(c)(2)

requires Commerce to issue an order if both agencies issue affirmative determinations, which has

occurred here; (2) the Timken Notice meets all the statutory requirements of an order; and (3)

Commerce has no authority to suspend liquidation without an order. Id. at 6-8, 12.

               Section 1673e(a) provides that, “within 7 days after being notified by the [ITC] of an

affirmative determination,” Commerce “shall publish an antidumping duty order which—”

       (1) directs customs officers to assess an antidumping duty equal to the amount by
       which the normal value of the merchandise exceeds the export price (or the
       constructed export price) of the merchandise . . . .
                   ....
       (2) includes a description of the subject merchandise, in such detail as the
       administering authority deems necessary, and

       (3) requires the deposit of estimated antidumping duties pending liquidation of
       entries of merchandise at the same time as estimated normal customs duties on that
       merchandise are deposited . . . .

19 U.S.C. § 1673e(a). The court agrees that Commerce has a current legal duty to issue and publish

an antidumping duty order in this matter, see Diamond Sawblades, Slip Op. 09-107, but cannot agree

that the Timken Notice fulfills the requirements of such an order. In fact, the court is in substantial
Court No. 09-00079                                                                               Page 6


doubt that the Timken Notice meets any of the three legal requirements set forth in section 1673e,

the most obvious flaw being that the Timken Notice does not “direct customs officers to assess an

antidumping duty.” Further, as the plaintiff concedes, the notice does not “include[] a description

of the subject merchandise,” and does not “require[] the deposit of estimated antidumping duties

pending liquidation.” 19 U.S.C. §§ 1673e(a)(1), (a)(2), & (a)(3).

                Moreover, even if the Timken Notice arguably contained the legal elements of an

antidumping duty order the court would be unwilling to find that it legally qualified as one. As noted

above, the publication of an antidumping duty order has legal significance beyond the requirements

of section 1673e. Federal Register publication of the order commences the statutory thirty-day filing

period for seeking judicial review set forth in section 1516a(a)(2) and serves as a legal notice to

interested parties that, if they wish to challenge the order, the clock is now ticking. Accordingly, for

an antidumping duty order to be considered valid notice, Constitutional due process would require

that the order be reasonably identifiable on its face. More precisely, the published order must be

“reasonably calculated, under all the circumstances, to apprise interested parties” that it is, in fact,

an antidumping duty order to which all attendant legal consequences apply. See Mullane v. Central

Hanover Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306, 314 (1950).

                The Timken Notice at issue here does not meet this standard. Nowhere does that

notice identify itself as an antidumping duty order, or indicate that such an order is contained therein;

on the contrary, the Timken Notice indicates that it is not an antidumping duty order when it states

conditions under which such an order will be issued. Accordingly, the court finds that because no

antidumping duty orders have been published, the current action has been filed prematurely and must

be dismissed.
Court No. 09-00079                                                                            Page 7


                                            Conclusion

               In consideration of the foregoing, the court finds that this action, having been filed

prematurely, must be dismissed for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. The court will grant the

government’s motion and dismiss the matter without prejudice to refiling. The court has taken into

account the fact that, pursuant to the mandamus action ordered in Slip Op. 09-107, publication of

an antidumping duty order is likely imminent. However, because of the jurisdictional nature of

judicial review periods, the court would do the plaintiffs no favor by attempting to consider their

claim.



                                                    /s/ R. Kenton Musgrave
                                                R. KENTON MUSGRAVE, Senior Judge

Dated: October 15, 2009
New York, New York
