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                                                               No. 99-679

                          IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA

                                                              2000 MT 319

                                                             302 Mont. 504

                                                               15 P.3d 384


                                                      STATE OF MONTANA,

                                                      Plaintiff and Respondent,

                                                                      v.

                                                        JEFFREY ZELTNER,

                                                     Defendant and Appellant.

                        APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Eighteenth Judicial District,

                                                In and for the County of Gallatin,

                                    The Honorable Michael Salvagni, Judge presiding.

                                                     COUNSEL OF RECORD:

                                                             For Appellant:

                                  Derik Pomeroy, Attorney at Law, Bozeman, Montana

                                                            For Respondent:

                             Hon. Joseph P. Mazurek, Attorney General; C. Mark Fowler,

                                       Assistant Attorney General, Helena, Montana

                            Susan Wordal, Bozeman City Prosecutor, Bozeman, Montana


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                                              Submitted on Briefs: August 17, 2000
                                                 Decided: December 12, 2000

                                                                    Filed:

                                    __________________________________________

                                                                     Clerk


Justice Terry N. Trieweiler delivered the opinion of the Court.

¶1 The Defendant, Jeffrey Zeltner, was charged in Bozeman City Court with violating §§ 61-7-103 and -
108, MCA, by failing to remain at the scene of an injury accident and by failing to give notice of an
accident by the quickest means. Zeltner was convicted of both charges following trial by jury in the City
court. He appealed his conviction to the District Court for the 18th Judicial District in Gallatin County
where he received a nonjury trial de novo. Following that trial, he was again found guilty of both counts.
Zeltner appeals from his convictions. We affirm the judgment of the District Court.

¶2 The sole issue on appeal is whether there was sufficient evidence to support Zeltner's convictions for
Failure to Remain at the Scene of an Injury Accident and Failure to Give Notice of an Accident by the
Quickest Means?

                                                    FACTUAL BACKGROUND

¶3 On January 24, 1997, Leslie Schmidt was running with her companion, Bob Swinth near the Montana
State University where they both worked. They were heading south on Tracy toward Kagy Boulevard.
They ran in the road because the street has no sidewalks. Snowdrifts covered the part of the road closest
to the edge, forcing the joggers to run near the center of the driving lane. The Defendant, Jeffrey Zeltner,
made a right-hand turn onto Tracy from Kagy when he encountered the joggers in his lane of travel.
Swinth took evasive action, but Schmidt was unable to do so. Zeltner attempted to stop prior to hitting
Schmidt. In order to avoid being hit by the car, she jumped on the hood of the car and rolled off the side.
At that point, she and the passenger exchanged words, after which Zeltner drove away. Schmidt
memorized the license plate number and called the police later that day to report the accident. The police
traced the license plate number to Zeltner. They called Zeltner who told the police that he was expecting
their call. He verified that he both owned and was driving the car that hit Schmidt. He claimed that
Schmidt vaulted onto the hood of his car and then continued jogging before he had an opportunity to
check her condition. Zeltner said he believed that Schmidt was not injured based on their exchange after
the accident. The State charged Zeltner with violating §§ 61-7-103 and -108, MCA. On October 2, 1998,
the District Court entered its Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, finding the Defendant guilty of
both charges.


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                                                              DISCUSSION

¶4 Was there sufficient evidence to support Zeltner's convictions for Failure to Remain at the Scene of
an Injury Accident and Failure to Give Notice of an Accident by the Quickest Means?

¶5 We review the sufficiency of the evidence to determine whether, after viewing the evidence in the
light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements
of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Arlington (1994), 265 Mont. 127, 146, 875 P.2d 307,
318. See also, State v. Roullier (1998), 293 Mont. 304, 308, 977 P.2d 970, 973.

¶6 Section 61-7-103, MCA provides that "[t]he driver of any vehicle involved in an accident resulting in
injury to or death of any person shall immediately stop such vehicle at the scene of such accident . . . and
in every event shall remain at the scene of the accident" until the driver fulfills the requirements of § 61-
7-105, MCA. These requirements consist of providing the victim with his name, address, license, and
offering reasonable assistance. Section 61-7-105, MCA. Section 61-7-108, MCA provides that "[t]he
driver of a vehicle involved in an accident resulting in injury to or death of any person or property
damage to an apparent extent of $500 or more shall immediately by the quickest means of
communication give notice of the accident to the local police department . . . ." Section 61-7-108, MCA.

¶7 Zeltner contends that the State failed to prove that an injury accident occurred or that he knew
Schmidt was injured and therefore had the requisite mens rea for a finding that he was guilty of either
offense.

¶8 Although the legislature failed to specifically define "injury," the legislature has defined bodily injury
to include physical pain. Section 45-2-101(5), MCA. Schmidt testified that as a result of her impact with
Zeltner's vehicle, she experienced lower back, hip, shoulder, and finger pain and that she developed a
grapefruit sized bruise on her left leg. Zeltner contends that based on other statements made by Schmidt
and because of the factual circumstances, this testimony is not credible. However, issues of credibility
are for the finder of fact which, in this case, was the District Court. Furthermore, direct evidence of one
witness who is entitled to full credit is sufficient proof of any fact. See State v. Flack (1993), 210 Mont.
181, 188, 860 P.2d 89, 94; and § 26-1-301, MCA (1995).

¶9 Zeltner further contends that since he did not realize Schmidt was injured, he could not have acted
knowingly and that, therefore, he did not have the necessary mental state for commission of these
offenses. A person acts knowingly with respect to conduct or to a circumstance described by a statute
defining an offense when the person is aware of the person's own conduct or . . . when a person is aware
that it is highly probable that the result will be caused by the person's conduct. Section 45-2-101(34),
MCA. In State v. Stafford (1984), 208 Mont. 324, 334, 678 P.2d 644, 650, we held that knowledge of
injury could be inferred from the circumstances of the accident. Here, Zeltner saw the victim hit the
hood of his car and then roll off to the side. He admitted at trial that it was highly likely that an injury
could occur from such a collision. The District Court concluded that "[t]he fact that Schmidt came into
contact with the Defendant's vehicle and went over the hood of the Defendant's vehicle is a reasonable


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basis to believe that Schmidt suffered an injury. Thus, the Defendant had knowledge of injury."

¶10 The District Court's conclusion is based on reasonable inferences from the facts in evidence. For
these reasons, we conclude that there was sufficient evidence to support Jeffrey Zeltner's convictions for
violations of §§ 61-7-103 and -108, MCA. Therefore the judgment of the District Court is affirmed.

                                                   /S/ TERRY N. TRIEWEILER

                                                                We Concur:

                                                        /S/ KARLA M. GRAY

                                                           /S/ JIM REGNIER

                                                       /S/ JAMES C. NELSON

                                                  /S/ W. WILLIAM LEAPHART




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