       Third District Court of Appeal
                               State of Florida

                            Opinion filed July 26, 2017.
         Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.

                               ________________

                                No. 3D16-885
                         Lower Tribunal No. 11-13204
                             ________________


       Gulfstream Property & Casualty Insurance Company,
                                    Appellant,

                                        vs.

                                 David Coley,
                                    Appellee.


     An Appeal from the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Michael A.
Hanzman, Judge.

      Groelle & Salmon, P.A., and Celeste B. Marcks (West Palm Beach), for
appellant.

      Alvarez, Carbonell, Feltman, & DaSilva, PL, and Paul B. Feltman, for
appellee.


Before LAGOA, SCALES, and LUCK, JJ.

     LAGOA, J.
      Gulfstream Property & Casualty Insurance Co. (“Gulfstream”) appeals the

entry of summary judgment in favor of its insured, David Coley (“Coley”), as to

Count I of the Amended Complaint. Because the order under appeal is neither a

final order nor an appealable non-final order, we dismiss for lack of jurisdiction.

I.    FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

      Coley filed a single count complaint against Gulfstream for breach of

contract (Count I) related to a claim under his homeowner’s policy stemming from

Hurricane Wilma.     After the trial court granted Coley’s motion for summary

judgment, Gulfstream sought to appeal the order twice. This Court dismissed both

appeals for lack of jurisdiction. Gulfstream Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co. v. Coley, 195

So. 3d 381 (Fla. 3d DCA 2015); Gulfstream Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co. v. Coley, 208

So. 3d 91 (Fla. 3d DCA 2015).

      After it granted summary judgment, the trial court granted Coley leave to

assert claims for bad faith under section 624.155, Florida Statutes (2016), and for

negligence per se under section 825.102, Florida Statutes (2016). Coley filed an

Amended Complaint asserting the following three counts: (1) breach of contract

(Count I) (Coley’s original claim); (2) civil remedy of bad faith pursuant to section

624.155 (Count II); and (3) negligence per se pursuant to section 825.102 (Count

III). Several months later, the trial court entered a “Final Judgment” (hereinafter

referred to as the “Order”) based on its earlier order granting summary judgment



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on the claim for breach of contract. In relevant part, the Order stated that Coley

recover from Gulfstream “the gross sum of . . . $24,168.60, of which the net sum

of . . . $19,334.88, payable to Mr. Coley by order of this Court, has since been

satisfied by Defendant.” The Order further stated: “Plaintiff’s bad faith claim

[Count II] . . . is stayed until further order of this Court.” The Order did not

mention Count III of the Amended Complaint (i.e., the negligence per se claim)

and that count remains pending below. Gulfstream timely appealed the Order, and

this appeal ensued.

II.   ANALYSIS

      Although neither party challenged this Court’s jurisdiction, we conclude that

the Order appealed is neither a final order1 nor an appealable, non-final order as it

suffers from several jurisdictional defects.       First, while the Order stays the

insured’s bad faith claim (Count II), it does not mention Coley’s negligence per se

claim (Count III). No record evidence exists that Count III was intended to have

been stayed as well. At oral argument, counsel for Gulfstream contended that this

absence may be chalked up to a scrivener’s error.             While “the court in its

discretion may grant the parties additional time to obtain a final order from the




1 Irrespective of the caption of the trial court’s order, the Order at issue here is non-
final, as Count III remains pending and is intertwined with, and not independent of,
Count I.

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lower tribunal,” Fla. R. App. P. 9.110(l), we decline to do so in light of the second,

more serious jurisdictional defect contained in the Order.

      Pursuant to Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.110(k),2 a partial final

judgment is appealable if it “is one that disposes of a separate and distinct cause of

action that is not interdependent with other pleaded claims.”           Because the

negligence per se claim remains pending below and is interdependent with the

facts giving rise to the breach of contract claim, the order on appeal cannot

constitute a partial final judgment under Rule 9.110(k).

      Often in the insurance context, a dissatisfied insured brings a breach of

contract claim against his or her insurer. Once that claim has been brought to a

final judgment, the insured may then litigate a bad faith claim against the insurer

based on the insurer’s conduct subsequent to the initial breach of contract.

Procedurally, this is usually accomplished by including the bad faith claim either in

the initial complaint (in which case the bad faith claim is stayed pending the

determination of the breach of contract claim) or an amended pleading after the

final judgment in the breach of contract claim. See Fridman v. Safeco Ins. Co. of

Ill., 185 So. 3d 1214, 1229-30 (Fla. 2016). Generally then “a final ruling on


2Rule 9.110(k) provides in part that: “A partial final judgment, other than one that
disposes of an entire case as to any party, is one that disposes of a separate and
distinct cause of action that is not interdependent with other pleaded claims. If a
partial final judgment totally disposes of an entire case as to any party, it must be
appealed within 30 days of rendition.”

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coverage [the breach of contract claim] is appealable when a bad faith claim

remains pending between the parties, with the rationale being that the coverage

issue should be completely resolved before the bad faith claim proceeds.” North

Am. Capacity Ins. Co. v. C.H., 173 So. 3d 1075, 1077 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015). When

other claims interdependent with the breach of contract claim remain pending,

however, the order disposing of the breach of contract claim is not an appealable

final judgment. GEICO Gen. Ins. Co. v. Perez, 199 So. 3d 380, 380 (Fla. 3d DCA

2016) (dismissing appeal where order adjudicated only one of six counts against

insurer and remaining counts were “intertwined with and not independent of, the

adjudicated count”); GEICO Gen. Ins. Co. v. Pruitt, 122 So. 3d 484, 487 (Fla. 3d

DCA 2013) (dismissing appeal from partial summary judgment ruling on validity

of Coblentz agreement while bad faith claim remains pending); Universal

Underwriters Ins. Co. v. Stathopoulos, 113 So. 3d 957 (Fla. 2d DCA 2013)

(dismissing appeal from partial final judgment on declaratory count where breach

of contract and bad faith claims against insurer remained pending).

      The Fifth District Court of Appeal’s decision in Prudential Property &

Casualty Insurance Co. v. Gerber, 773 So. 2d 571, 571 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000), is

instructive. In Gerber, the insurer for the tortfeasor in an automobile accident

obtained a release from the automobile accident victim for “all bodily injury

resulting from the accident.” Following the release, the automobile accident victim



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filed an independent suit against the tortfeasor for his negligence in causing the

accident. Id. The automobile accident victim also proceeded to file suit against the

insurer for its earlier actions in obtaining the release from the victim, which the

victim alleged constituted exploitation of the elderly in violation of section

825.102, Florida Statutes. Id. The insurer moved to stay the action against it until

the negligence action against the insured was concluded, which the trial court

denied. Id. at 572. The insurer filed a petition for certiorari before the Fifth

District Court of Appeal claiming that the action against it was similar to a bad

faith action and therefore did not accrue until the liability claim against the insured

tortfeasor was decided. The district court denied the petition and concluded that the

independent action was not akin to a bad faith claim for refusal to settle. Id.

      Similar to the negligence action in Gerber, the negligence per se claim

brought in this action under section 825.201 is not akin to the bad faith claim also

alleged here. Instead, the negligence per se claim is interdependent with the breach

of contract claim Coley initially brought against his insurer.           Because the

negligence per se claim is interdependent and intertwined with the breach of

contract claim, the order at issue does not constitute a partial final judgment

pursuant to Rule 9.110(k). Accordingly, this Court lacks jurisdiction to entertain

this appeal and dismisses the appeal.

      DISMISSED.



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