                 United States Court of Appeals
                            For the Eighth Circuit
                        ___________________________

                                No. 12-1904
                        ___________________________

                             United States of America

                       lllllllllllllllllllll Plaintiff - Appellee

                                          v.

                                  Arles Velasquez

                      lllllllllllllllllllll Defendant - Appellant
                                      ____________

                     Appeal from United States District Court
                for the Western District of Arkansas - Fayetteville
                                 ____________

                         Submitted: November 12, 2012
                           Filed: November 29, 2012
                                [Unpublished]
                                ____________

SMITH, BOWMAN, and BEAM, Circuit Judges.
                       ____________

PER CURIAM.

      Arles Velasquez was convicted by a jury on charges of witness tampering,
conspiracy to distribute methamphetamine, and possession of firearms as a user of
controlled substances. The District Court1 sentenced Velasquez to 240 months in
prison. Velasquez appeals, arguing that the evidence presented at trial was
insufficient to sustain the tampering and firearms convictions. We affirm.

       We review the sufficiency of the evidence de novo, viewing the evidence in the
light most favorable to the jury verdicts and giving the government the benefit of all
reasonable inferences that may be drawn from the evidence. United States v.
Maybee, 687 F.3d 1026, 1031–32 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, No. 12-6385, 2012 WL
4373442 (U.S. Oct. 29, 2012).

       On the witness-tampering charge, co-conspirator Wilver Rosales, who had been
cooperating with the government in its investigation of Velasquez, testified that when
he was placed in the same cellblock where Velasquez was being held in the
Washington County, Arkansas, jail, Velasquez said to him, “[Y]ou’re also talking
about me, why are you doing that?” Trial Tr. at 215. Within minutes after that
conversation, three other inmates beat Rosales, one of the three telling him that
Velasquez had sent them. Two of the three perpetrators testified at trial that they beat
Rosales at the direction of Velasquez. Additionally, Rosales testified that after the
beating, Velasquez explicitly threatened him and his family, causing Rosales to stop
cooperating with the government. On appeal, Velasquez acknowledges this evidence,
but claims that because the witness testimony was not corroborated by “physical and
documentary evidence . . . the court allowed the jury to speculate on this charge by
submitting it to the jury.” Br. of Appellant at 7. Velasquez cites no legal authority
for the proposition that physical or documentary evidence is necessary to prove a
tampering charge. Indeed, we have held that testimonial evidence alone is sufficient
to sustain a conviction for witness tampering. See United States v. Grey Bear, 828
F.2d 1286, 1295 (8th Cir. 1987) (affirming a witness-tampering conviction where the


      1
      The Honorable P. K. Holmes III, Chief Judge, United States District Court for
the Western District of Arkansas.

                                          -2-
only evidence was testimonial, noting that the “jury was entitled in its discretion to
give credence to [the] testimony”), vacated as to other issues, 863 F.2d 572, 573 (8th
Cir. 1988) (en banc) (per curiam). And the credibility of the victim and his attackers
as trial witnesses was for the jury to determine. See United States v. Moya, 690 F.3d
944, 949 (8th Cir. 2012).

       As for the firearms charge, the evidence at trial showed that law-enforcement
officers, while executing a search warrant at Velasquez’s residence, retrieved
methamphetamine, multiple firearms, and pipes used for smoking methamphetamine
from a detached garage on the property. There was also eyewitness testimony from
co-conspirators that Velasquez used methamphetamine with some regularity in the
detached garage where Velasquez kept the firearms that were found during the search.
In support of his insufficiency argument, Velasquez points out that he was not present
when the warrant was executed, that no fingerprint evidence was presented at trial,
that nothing with his name on it was found inside the garage, and that items with his
name but a different address on them were found inside the residence. Velasquez
contends that the government therefore did not prove that he lived at the residence
where the incriminating evidence was seized or that he possessed the drugs and
firearms that were seized from the garage. We disagree.

       Besides the evidence recounted above, there was testimony that law-
enforcement officers conducting surveillance at the residence had seen a vehicle
parked outside the house that was registered to Velasquez using that address, and in
fact, Velasquez was arrested there. Water service to the house was in Velasquez’s
name. Papers, including a tax document, bearing Velasquez’s name and the address
of the residence in question were found inside the house. Velasquez challenges the
witnesses who testified that they saw him using methamphetamine while he was in
possession of firearms because “they have a reason to lie.” Br. of Appellant at 9. But
Velasquez had an opportunity to cross-examine the witnesses and challenge their
credibility during the trial. Evidently, the jurors found the witnesses credible, and as

                                          -3-
we have said, that determination is theirs to make, not ours. See Moya, 690 F.3d at
949.

     We conclude that the evidence was sufficient for a reasonable jury to have
found Velasquez guilty beyond a reasonable doubt on the charges of witness
tampering and possession of firearms by a user of controlled substances. See
Maybee, 687 F.3d at 1032. We therefore affirm the judgment of the District Court.
                     ______________________________




                                        -4-
