                                                                             F I L E D
                                                                       United States Court of Appeals
                                                                               Tenth Circuit
                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                               OCT 8 2003
                              FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                         PATRICK FISHER
                                                                                   Clerk

    ROBERT JONES,

                  Plaintiff-Appellant,

    v.                                                     No. 02-1349
                                                    (D.C. No. 00-Z-662 (MJW))
    RICHARD BERNARD, KEVIN                                  (D. Colo.)
    SCHWINN, and John Does 1-10,

                  Defendants-Appellees.


                              ORDER AND JUDGMENT            *




Before TYMKOVICH , HOLLOWAY , and ANDERSON , Circuit Judges.



         After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination

of this appeal.    See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is

therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.

         Plaintiff, a federal prison inmate, appeals the district court’s dismissal of

his civil rights action, brought pursuant to   Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents


*
      This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
of Federal Bureau of Narcotics     , 403 U.S. 388 (1971), for failure to state a claim

upon which relief could be granted.      See Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). The defendants

in the action were fellow inmate Bernard, prison guard Schwinn, and John

Does 1-10. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

       Our review of the dismissal of plaintiff’s action under Rule 12(b)(6) is

de novo. Ledbetter v. City of Topeka , 318 F.3d 1183, 1187 (10th Cir. 2003).

We must accept as true all of plaintiff’s well-pleaded allegations, and we must

construe them in the light most favorable to him.       Ford v. West , 222 F.3d 767,

771 (10th Cir. 2000). However, allegations conclusory in nature, without

supporting facts, are insufficient to survive a motion to dismiss.     See Hall v.

Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1110 (10th Cir. 1991).


                                       Background

       In his complaint, plaintiff alleged the following facts in support of his

claims. He is an African-American inmate in the custody of the Federal Bureau

of Prisons in Florence, Colorado. On April 29, 1998, he was taken from his cell

by defendant Schwinn, a guard at the prison, for the purpose of going to the

exercise yard. Plaintiff was strip-searched in accordance with prison policy and

placed in an enclosed area called a sally-port, which is a small room with locked

bars behind the inmate and a locked door in front of the inmate leading to the



                                             -2-
exercise yard. After the door was locked behind plaintiff, defendant Schwinn

gave the command to the door officer to unlock the door leading to the exercise

yard. When that door opened, defendant Bernard, a white inmate and alleged

member of a prison gang known as “Aryan Brothers,” ran up to plaintiff and

attacked him with a razor blade. Plaintiff and Bernard engaged in hand-to-hand

combat for several minutes before other inmates broke up the fight. Plaintiff

required sutures for his wounds.

      Plaintiff alleged three causes of action against the defendants: assault

against inmate Bernard; violation of his Eighth Amendment right to be free from

cruel and unusual punishment against Schwinn and the John Doe defendants; and

failure to adequately train or supervise against the John Doe defendants.

Specifically, plaintiff, claimed that Schwinn knew Bernard was going to attack

plaintiff or that he acted with reckless disregard for plaintiff’s safety in ordering

the second door opened, because “it is well known” at the prison “that if an Aryan

Brother is placed in a confined space with an African-American inmate, a violent

confrontation will almost certainly ensue.” Aplt. App. at 3. Plaintiff also

contended the John Does, with deliberate indifference to plaintiff’s rights, failed

to adequately supervise and control defendant Schwinn in violation of plaintiff’s




                                          -3-
Fifth and Eighth Amendment rights.         Id. at 4-5. Plaintiff sought declaratory and

monetary relief.   1



      Defendants moved to dismiss the complaint under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1)

and 12(b)(6). The magistrate judge recommended dismissing the action under

Rule 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim. The district court adopted the

recommendation and dismissed the action. This appeal followed.


                                       Discussion

      To establish a failure to protect claim under the Eighth Amendment, it was

necessary for plaintiff to allege specific facts showing he was incarcerated under

conditions posing a substantial risk of serious harm, the objective component of

the claim, and that Schwinn was deliberately indifferent to plaintiff’s safety, the

subjective component of the claim.         Verdecia v. Adams , 327 F.3d 1171, 1175

(10th Cir. 2003). The Supreme Court has defined the deliberate indifference

standard as equating to “‘recklessness,’ in which ‘a person disregards a risk of

harm of which he is aware.’”      Id. (quoting Farmer v. Brennan , 511 U.S. 825,

836-37 (1994)). Deliberate indifference requires more than a showing of simple,

or even heightened, negligence.      Id.




1
      Although not so pleaded, the claim against defendant Bernard for assault
obviously arises under state law.

                                              -4-
      The facts as alleged by plaintiff fail to demonstrate the existence of

a known or obvious risk except in the most conclusory of terms. That plaintiff is

black and his attacker white is insufficient to create an obvious risk. There is no

allegation that defendant Schwinn knew of inmate Bernard’s alleged membership

in the Aryan Brotherhood prison gang or that Bernard (or anyone else) had

threatened or was waiting to attack plaintiff. Plaintiff’s more serious charge

against Schwinn, i.e., that Schwinn “intentionally for his own sick entertainment,

or (at best) with deliberate indifference to a substantial risk of danger,

orchestrated a ‘cock fight’ between two inmates of rival groups,” Aplee. Supp.

App. at 36, did not surface as an argument until plaintiff objected to the

magistrate judge’s recommendation. This new allegation is equally speculative

and conclusory, as is plaintiff’s claim that “placing [an] African American in

a confined space with an Aryan Brother is almost certain to cause a violent

confrontation.”   Id. at 42. Prison is by its nature a confined space. This is not

a situation in which prison officials knew of and ignored a serious risk of harm,

for instance, from a prisoner’s cellmate, with whom he might be locked up in

close quarters. Rather, the incident occurred in the exercise yard with numerous

other inmates present.

      Nor are sufficient facts pleaded to support a claim against the John Does

for failure to train or supervise defendant Schwinn. Finally, plaintiff appears to


                                          -5-
have abandoned his state law claims against defendant Bernard, at least for

purposes of this appeal.

      We have carefully considered plaintiff’s arguments and find them to be

without merit. Accordingly, for these and substantially the reasons stated by the

magistrate judge in his recommendation and the district court in its order of

dismissal, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.


                                                    Entered for the Court



                                                    Stephen H. Anderson
                                                    Circuit Judge




                                         -6-
