            United States Bankruptcy Appellate Panel
                            FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

                                       ______

                                    No. 07-6001MN
                                        ______

In re: Y-Knot Construction, Inc.,         *
                                          *
      Debtor,                             *     Appeal from the United States
                                          *     Bankruptcy Court for the
David G. Velde, Trustee,                  *     District of Minnesota
                                          *
      Plaintiff-Appellee,                 *
                                          *
             v.                           *
                                          *
First International Bank & Trust,         *
                                          *
      Objector-Appellant.                 *
                                          *

                                    ____________

                              Submitted: May 15, 2007
                                Filed: June 8, 2007
                                 _____________

Before FEDERMAN, VENTERS and McDONALD, Bankruptcy Judges.
                            ______

McDONALD, Bankruptcy Judge

      First International Bank & Trust appeals from the order of the bankruptcy court
granting Trustee’s motion to compromise a preference action against Stenerson
Brothers Lumber Company. We reverse and remand for the following reasons.
                                           I.

      We are able to glean the following factual allegations underlying Trustee’s
motion to compromise from our review of the record on appeal. Y-Knot Construction
(“Debtor”) was in the business of constructing homes. Debtor owed Stenerson
Brothers Lumber Co. (“Stenerson”) $400,000.00 for goods that Stenerson had
delivered to Debtor. On July 1, 2005, Debtor executed a promissory note in favor of
Stenerson to memorialize the $400,000.00 debt (the “Promissory Note”). Debtor also
executed deeds of trust on four properties that it owned to secure its obligations under
the Promissory Note (collectively the “Mortgages”). Three of the properties were
located in North Dakota and one was located in Minnesota.

       Stenerson recorded the deeds of trust on the three North Dakota properties on
July 1, 2005. Stenerson, however, did not record the deed of trust on the Minnesota
property until July 22, 2005. Subsequent to recording the deeds of trust on the North
Dakota properties, but before recording the lien on the Minnesota property, Stenerson
provided Debtor with approximately $63,000.00 worth of materials. Debtor’s
obligation to pay for the $63,000.00 worth of materials was secured by a future
advances clause in the Mortgages.1

      Debtor filed its petition for relief under Chapter 7 of the Code on September 15,
2005. David G. Velde, the Chapter 7 Trustee (“Trustee”), initiated an adversary
proceeding against Stenerson seeking to avoid the Mortgages as preferential transfers
under 11 U.S.C. §547(b) (the “Preference Action”).




      1
        We note, however, that because Stenerson failed to record its deed of trust
on the Minnesota property before it provided the additional materials to Debtor, it
appears that its lien on the Minnesota property was not perfected with respect to
the $63,000.00.
                                          -2-
      Stenerson does not dispute that its recording of the Mortgages constitute
preferential transfers under §547(b). Stenerson, however, contends that Trustee
cannot avoid the Mortgages under the subsequent new value defense contained in
§547(c)(4) to the extent that Stenerson provided $63,000.00 worth of materials to
Debtor subsequent to Stenerson recording its liens on the North Dakota properties.

      Sometime after filing the Preference Action, Trustee sold the Minnesota
property for $92,000.00. Trustee, pursuant to an agreement with Stenerson, placed
the $92,000.00 in escrow pending the outcome of the Preference Action.

      Trustee and Stenerson eventually reached a settlement of the Preference Action.
Trustee agreed to provide Stenerson with $40,000.00 from the sale of the Minnesota
property in exchange for Stenerson either releasing or transferring the Mortgages to
the estate (the “Settlement Agreement”). Trustee then filed a motion with the
bankruptcy court to approve the Settlement Agreement under Fed. R. Bankr. R. 9019.

      First International Bank & Trust (“FIB”), a creditor who holds both a secured
and unsecured claim against Debtor’s estate, filed an objection to Trustee’s motion to
compromise. After FIB filed its objection, the bankruptcy court set the matter for an
evidentiary hearing and sent notice of the hearing to all interested parties.

       At the hearing before the bankruptcy court, the attorneys simply presented their
arguments and answered the bankruptcy court’s questions. Trustee did not attempt
to introduce any testimony or documents into evidence at the evidentiary hearing.
Also, FIB’s attorney stated that FIB had a witness at the evidentiary hearing who
could testify as to the details of documents relating to Stenerson’s new value defense.
The bankruptcy court, however, made its ruling without allowing FIB’s proposed
witness to testify.




                                          -3-
      After extensive questioning by the bankruptcy court, Trustee’s attorney stated
that Debtor’s estate would realize $26,000 in equity with respect to the liens on the
North Dakota property and $52,000.00 from the Minnesota property after paying
Stenerson $40,000.00 of the sale proceeds. Trustee’s attorney, therefore, asserted that
Debtor’s estate would realize $78,000.00 from the Settlement Agreement net of the
$40,000.00 payment to Stenerson.

       Trustee’s attorney, however, also disclosed that the $26,000.00 in equity
relating to the North Dakota properties was contingent on Trustee prevailing in a
preference action to avoid FIB’s senior lien on one of the North Dakota properties.
That litigation is pending in United States District Court for Minnesota because FIB
demanded and was entitled to a jury trial.

      After listening to the attorneys’ arguments, the bankruptcy court ruled that
Trustee had established that the Settlement Agreement fell within the range of
reasonableness and approved the Settlement Agreement. In its order, the bankruptcy
court did give FIB the option to purchase the Preference Action from Trustee for
$78,000.00. FIB elected not to purchase the Preference Action and instead filed a
timely notice of appeal.

                                          II.

        We review the bankruptcy court’s order approving Trustee’s motion to
compromise for an abuse of discretion. Martin v. Cox (In re Martin), 212 B.R. 316,
319 (B.A.P. 8th Cir. 1997). An abuse of discretion occurs when the trial court bases
its ruling on an erroneous view of the law or a clearly erroneous assessment of the
evidence. PW Enter., Inc. v. Kaler (In re Racing Serv. Inc.), 332 B.R. 581, 584
(B.A.P. 8th Cir. 2005).




                                          -4-
                                         III.

        Trustee, as the party seeking the approval of the Settlement Agreement, has the
burden of showing by a preponderance of the evidence that the proposed settlement
is in the best interest of the estate. TCF Banking & Sav. v. Leonard (In re Erickson),
82 B.R. 97, 99 (D. Minn. 1988). The trustee, however, does not need to establish that
the proposed settlement is the best possible outcome, but only that it does not fall
below the lowest point in the range of reasonableness. Cox, 212 B.R. at 319.

       In assessing whether the proposed settlement fits within the range of
reasonableness, the bankruptcy court must consider the evidence in light of the
following four factors: (1) the probability of success in the litigation; (2) the
difficulties, if any, the trustee may encounter in collecting on a judgment ; (3) the
complexity of the litigation and the attendant expense, inconvenience, and delay; and
(4) the paramount interest of the creditors and a proper deference to their reasonable
views concerning the litigation. Drexel, Burnham, Lambert, Inc. v. Flight Transp.
Corp (In re Flight Transp. Corp.), 730 F.2d 1128, 1135 (8th Cir. 1984). A court
abuses its discretion in approving a proposed settlement without making findings of
facts and conclusions of law that address these four factors based on evidence adduced
by the parties. Racing Serv., Inc., 332 B.R. at 586.

       Here, the bankruptcy court simply recited in its order granting the motion to
compromise that the “Trustee’s proposed settlement dated December 4, 2006 is
approved.” The bankruptcy court did not make findings of facts and conclusions of
law that address the Flight Transportation factors. Additionally, the parties failed to
offer either testimony or documentary evidence at the hearing. The parties, therefore,
did not adduce evidence from which the bankruptcy court could determine the
reasonableness of the Settlement Agreement in light of the Flight
Transportation factors. Given this record, we find that the bankruptcy court abused
its discretion in approving the Settlement Agreement.

                                          -5-
                                       IV.

      The order of the bankruptcy court granting Trustee’s motion to compromise and
approving the Settlement Agreement is reversed and the case is remanded for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion.

                               ______________




                                        -6-
