             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA

                                No. COA17-1397

                              Filed: 2 October 2018

Watauga County, No. 16 CR 051253

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA

            v.

DEBBY ROMINGER ISAACS, Defendant.

and

FRANCISCO Q. TAVLAVERA, Bail Agent,

UNITED STATES SURETY COMPANY, Surety Company

and

WATAUGA COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION, Judgment Creditor



      Appeal by the Watauga County Board of Education from order entered 4

August 2017 by Judge Theodore W. McEntire in Watauga County District Court.

Heard in the Court of Appeals 23 August 2018.


      Miller & Johnson, PLLC, by Nathan A. Miller, for appellant Watauga County
      Board of Education.

      Brian D. Elston for appellee United States Surety Company.


      TYSON, Judge.
                                    STATE V. ISAACS

                                   Opinion of the Court



        The Watauga County Board of Education (the “Board”) appeals from an order

allowing the United States Surety Company’s (“Surety”) motion to set aside a bond

forfeiture. We affirm.

                                     I. Background

        Debby Rominger Isaacs (“Defendant”) failed to appear for her scheduled court

date in Watauga County District Court on 6 December 2016. The court issued an

order for her arrest. The Watauga County Clerk of Court issued a bond forfeiture

notice in the amount of $10,000 to Defendant, Surety, and Surety’s bail agent on 9

December 2016. Notice was mailed to all parties the same day. Surety served the

order for arrest and surrendered Defendant to the Watauga County sheriff on 2 May

2017.

        Surety’s bail agent timely filed a motion to set aside the bond forfeiture on 8

May 2017, 150 days after forfeiture notice. Form AOC-CR-213, the preprinted form

used for motions to set aside, lists seven reasons, pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. §15A-

544.5, for which a bond forfeiture may be set aside, with corresponding boxes for a

movant to mark the alleged basis or grounds for setting aside the forfeiture. In the

present case, the motion to set aside filed by Surety’s bail agent indicated reason

number four, N.C. Gen. Stat. §15A-544.5(b)(4), that Defendant had been served with

an order for arrest for the failure to appear on the bonded criminal charge, as

evidenced by a copy of an official court record including an electronic record.



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                                   Opinion of the Court



       However, attached to Surety’s motion to set aside was the warrant for

Defendant’s initial arrest, dated 21 September 2016, rather than the order for arrest

for Defendant’s failure to appear, served on 2 May 2017. The Board objected to the

motion to set aside. A hearing was set for 25 May 2017, 167 days after notice of

forfeiture.

       At the hearing, Surety submitted a handwritten motion to amend its motion to

set aside, including what turned out to be an incomplete copy of the 2 May 2017 order

for arrest without the certificate of service. Surety’s amended motion sought to

include N.C. Gen. Stat. §15A-544.5(b)(3) as an additional reason to set aside forfeiture

evidenced by a copy of Defendant’s surrender to the sheriff, dated 2 May 2017. Surety

then orally moved to amend its amended motion to set aside, in order to include the

complete copy of the order for arrest served on 2 May 2017.

       The trial court was concerned about the wrong documentation being attached,

and the amended motion with supplemental information, being filed the morning of

the hearing. The trial court allowed Surety 15 days to supplement and for the Board

to object and request a new hearing. The trial court found there had “been no

justification or excuse for [Surety] filing the wrong form, and that the [Board] filed

the good faith objection” and the Board had incurred both fees and extra time in this

matter because of a “completely willful error” by Surety. Surety’s counsel indicated

Surety would pay for the Board’s fees for that hearing.



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                                  Opinion of the Court



      The Board’s counsel indicated that after the 15 day period to supplement, the

Board would not be able to object and would not waste time requesting a new hearing.

Instead, counsel indicated the Board’s intention to appeal and requested the trial

court to issue its ruling on the bond motion. The trial court found Defendant had

been served with an order for arrest, evidenced by a copy of an official court record,

the Surety had cited a correct statutory reason to set aside the forfeiture, and took

judicial notice of the file as evidence to show Defendant was served with the order of

arrest.

      The trial court filed a written order on 4 August 2017, which granted Surety’s

motion to set aside on the grounds that “one of the statutory grounds is satisfied as

Defendant was arrested on an order for arrest prior to the final judgment date of May

8, 2017.” The order indicated the “conclusions of law dispose[d] of the matter and

[did] not reach Surety’s motion to amend[,]” but also granted Surety’s motion to

amend. The Board appeals.

                                   II. Jurisdiction

      This Court possesses jurisdiction pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 7A-27(b) and

15A-544.5(h) (2017).

                                      III. Issues

      The Board argues the trial court erred when it considered matters outside the

filed motion and took judicial notice of Defendant’s later arrest warrant. The Board



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                                   Opinion of the Court



also argues the trial court erred when it allowed an amendment and evidence

presented after the final forfeiture date.

                               IV. Standards of Review

      “In an appeal from an order setting aside a bond forfeiture, the standard of

review for this Court is whether there was competent evidence to support the trial

court’s findings of fact and whether its conclusions of law were proper in light of such

facts.” State v. Knight, __ N.C. App. __, __, 805 S.E.2d 751, 753 (2017) (citation and

internal quotation marks omitted).       “[T]he standard of review of a trial court’s

decision to exclude or admit evidence is that of an abuse of discretion. An abuse of

discretion will be found only when the trial court’s decision was so arbitrary that it

could not have been the result of a reasoned decision.” Brown v. City of Winston-

Salem, 176 N.C. App. 497, 505, 626 S.E.2d 747, 753 (2006) (citations and internal

quotation marks omitted).

                                      V. Analysis

                                  A. Bond Forfeiture

      Following a bonded defendant’s failure to appear, “the court shall enter a

forfeiture . . . against each surety on the bail bond.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-544.3(a)

(2017). The court must give written notice of this entry of forfeiture to the defendant

and any surety listed on the bail bond, to be delivered via first-class mail. N.C. Gen.

Stat. § 15A-544.4 (2017). This notice requirement triggers a 150-day period in which



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                                    Opinion of the Court



the defendant, “any surety,” a “professional bondsman or runner acting on behalf of

a professional bondsman,” or a “bail agent acting on behalf of an insurance company”

may file a written motion to set aside the forfeiture. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-544.5(d)

(2017).

      Bond forfeiture will only be set aside for compliance with one of seven

statutorily enumerated reasons. Each of the seven reasons requires proof. The

statute provides, in relevant part:

             (3) The defendant has been surrendered by a surety on the
             bail bond as provided by G.S. 15A-540, as evidenced by the
             sheriff’s receipt provided for in that section.

             (4) The defendant has been served with an Order for
             Arrest for the Failure to Appear on the criminal charge in
             the case in question as evidenced by a copy of an official
             court record, including an electronic record.

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-544.5(b)(3)-(4) (2017) (emphasis supplied).

      The board of education may object to the motion to set aside, and when such a

written objection is filed, a hearing on the motion will be held within 30 days. N.C.

Gen. Stat. § 15A-544.5(d)(5).

                                    B. Judicial Notice

      The Board argues the trial court erred in considering matters outside the filed

notice and taking judicial notice of the file as evidence Defendant was served with

the order of arrest. We disagree.




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                                   Opinion of the Court



       “A court may take judicial notice, whether requested or not.” N.C. Gen. Stat. §

8C-1, Rule 201(c) (2017). Rule 201 only applies to “adjudicative facts.” Id. “With

respect to judicial notice of adjudicative facts, the tradition has been one of caution

in requiring that the matter be beyond reasonable controversy.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 8C-

1, Rule 201 advisory committee note.

       “A trial court may take judicial notice of earlier proceedings in the same cause,”

including matters in the file not offered into evidence. See In re Isenhour, 101 N.C.

App. 550, 552-53, 400 S.E.2d 71, 72-73 (1991) (finding the trial court did not err when

it made “plain that it had reviewed the file and was considering the history of the

case in conducting the hearing” and “[n]either party was required to offer the file into

evidence”); see also Kenneth S. Broun, Brandis & Broun on North Carolina Evidence

§ 26 (7th ed.) (“there also seems little reason why a court should not notice its own

records in any prior or contemporary case when the matter noticed has relevance”).

       Here, the trial court took judicial notice of a fact “beyond reasonable

controversy.” It is undisputed that Defendant was served with an order of arrest on

2 May 2017, prior to the 150-day statutory deadline. The trial court attached the 2

May 2017 order of arrest as an exhibit to the court’s order. Counsel for the Board

acknowledged that with the inclusion of the entire 2 May 2017 order of arrest, the

Board would have no grounds to object to Surety’s motion to set aside the bond

forfeiture.



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                                  Opinion of the Court



      The trial court did not abuse its discretion when it admitted the 2 May 2017

order for arrest into the record. The Board’s argument is overruled.

                                 C. Motion to Amend

      The Board contends the trial court committed reversible error by granting

Surety’s motion to amend and allowing Surety to attach the appropriate order for

arrest after the expiration of the 150-day period. We disagree.

      “[A] bond forfeiture proceeding, while ancillary to the underlying criminal

proceeding, is a civil matter[,]” and the rules of civil procedure apply. State ex rel.

Moore Cty. Bd. of Educ. v. Pelletier, 168 N.C. App. 218, 222, 606 S.E.2d 907, 909

(2005). “Under Rule 15(a) of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure, leave to

amend a pleading shall be freely given except where the party objecting can show

material prejudice by the granting of a motion to amend.” Martin v. Hare, 78 N.C.

App. 358, 360, 337 S.E.2d 632, 634 (1985) (citation omitted). This liberal policy for

amendment supports “the essence of the Rules of Civil Procedure that decisions be

had on the merits and not avoided on the basis of mere technicalities.” Mangum v.

Surles, 281 N.C. 91, 99, 187 S.E.2d 697, 702 (1972).

      “A motion to amend is addressed to the discretion of the trial court.” Henry v.

Deen, 310 N.C. 75, 82, 310 S.E.2d 326, 331 (1984).          “The party opposing the

amendment has the burden to establish that it would be prejudiced by the

amendment.” Carter v. Rockingham Cty. Bd. of Educ., 158 N.C. App. 687, 690, 582



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                                   Opinion of the Court



S.E.2d 69, 72 (2003) (citation omitted). “Rulings on motions to amend after the

expiration of the statutory period are within the discretion of the trial court[.]” Lee v.

Keck, 68 N.C. App. 320, 326, 315 S.E.2d 323, 328 (1984).

      The Board argues that allowing an amendment after the expiration of the 150-

day statutory period to challenge would cause undue prejudice to the Board and cites

to an unpublished opinion of this Court for support. In State v. Cook, the sureties

filed a motion to set aside forfeiture, but failed to attach the order for arrest

supporting the motion. 228 N.C. App. 360, 748 S.E.2d 775, 2013 WL 3776968 at *1

(unpublished). The board of education filed an objection, and the sureties filed an

amended motion with the required documentation. Id.

      Because the “amendment was filed prior to the hearing on sureties’ motion and

within the statutory time limit pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-544.5(d)(1),” it

prevented “any unfair prejudice” to the board of education. Id. at *3. This Court did

not address the issue of whether a motion to set aside filed within the statutory period

could be amended after the expiration of the 150 days. Id. at *3, n.1.

      The Board argues that to allow an amendment to the motion after the statutory

time period creates undue prejudice because a school board “can no longer rely on the

time limit as set forth by the General Assembly.” Further, when a school board files

an objection it “expends precious and limited tax payer funds . . . in anticipation . . .




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                                   Opinion of the Court



that [it] will prevail because the [s]urety filed a faulty motion and the statutory time

period has passed.”

      By its own admission, the only prejudice the Board faced as a result of the trial

court allowing the amendment was the added time of its attorney. In this case,

recognizing the possible harm and cost to the Board, Surety offered to pay the Board’s

attorney’s fees incurred for the hearing.      Surety’s offer was consistent with the

statutory remedy available in this instance:

             If at the hearing [to set aside forfeiture] the court
             determines that the . . . documentation required to be
             attached . . . was not attached to the motion at the time the
             motion was filed, the court may order monetary sanctions
             against the surety filing the motion, unless the court also
             finds that the failure . . . to attach the required
             documentation was unintentional.

N.C. Gen. Stat. 15A-544.5(d)(8) (2017). Although the Board did not request the trial

court impose sanctions, this statutory provision indicates the General Assembly’s

intent to allow the trial court discretion to resolve such missteps, and that Surety’s

errors did not as a matter of law preclude it from obtaining relief.

      The Board’s position to not allow an amendment tends to contradict the

intended policy of the bond system: “[t]he goal . . . is the production of the defendant,

not increased revenues for the county school fund.” State v. Locklear, 42 N.C. App.

486, 489, 256 S.E.2d 830, 832 (1979). The Board’s arguments are overruled.

                                    VI. Conclusion



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                                   Opinion of the Court



       When the motion to set aside cites to at least one statutory reason, supported

by evidence, the trial court must grant the motion. N.C. Gen. Stat. §15A-544.5(a, b)

(“a forfeiture shall be set aside for any one of the following reasons” (emphasis

supplied)).   The record contains competent evidence to support the trial court’s

granting of Surety’s motion to set aside.

       As part of its ruling, the trial court correctly expressed reservations about the

last minute substitution of the timely order for arrest and receipt of the surrender of

Defendant to the sheriff. We agree sanctions would have been appropriate if Surety

had not attempted to remediate its own initial failings, or if the Board had not

accepted the Surety’s offer of attorney’s fees as a sanction. However, under these

facts, the Board has failed to show any prejudice or that the trial court abused the

discretion given to it under the North Carolina Rules of Evidence, North Carolina

Rules of Civil Procedure, and the express provisions of the statute itself.

       The Board has failed to show the trial court abused its discretion in taking

judicial notice of the court’s file and of the timely and appropriate order for arrest and

surrender of Defendant. See In re Isenhour, 101 N.C. App. at 552-53, 400 S.E.2d at

72-73. Whether to allow Surety’s motion to amend under Rule 15 also rested within

the trial court’s discretion.




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                                   Opinion of the Court



      The Board failed to show how allowing the amendment to include undisputed

facts in the court file caused “material prejudice.” See Martin, 78 N.C. App. at 360,

337 S.E.2d at 634. The trial court’s ruling is affirmed. It is so ordered.

      AFFIRMED.

      Judges INMAN and BERGER concur.




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