[Cite as State v. Hough, 2011-Ohio-6425.]

                            STATE OF OHIO, MAHONING COUNTY

                                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                                        SEVENTH DISTRICT

STATE OF OHIO/                                )
CITY OF YOUNGSTOWN,                           )   CASE NO. 10 MA 178
                                              )
        PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE,                   )
                                              )
        - VS -                                )         OPINION
                                              )
YASMIN HOUGH,                                 )
                                              )
        DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.                  )

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS:                         Criminal Appeal from Youngstown
                                                  Municipal Court,
                                                  Case No. 09 CRB 2871

JUDGMENT:                                         Affirmed.

APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee:                           Attorney Joseph Macejko
                                                  City Prosecutor
                                                  Attorney John Marsh, Jr.
                                                  Assistant City Prosecutor
                                                  26 S. Phelps Street, 4th Floor
                                                  Youngstown, OH 44503

For Defendant-Appellant:                          Attorney John A. Ams
                                                  134 Westchester Drive
                                                  Youngstown, OH 44515


JUDGES:
Hon. Mary DeGenaro
Hon. Gene Donofrio
Hon. Joseph J. Vukovich


                                                  Dated: December 7, 2011
[Cite as State v. Hough, 2011-Ohio-6425.]


DeGenaro, J.
        {¶1}    Defendant-Appellant, Yasmin Hough, appeals the November 17, 2010
judgment of Youngstown Municipal Court convicting her of one count of aggravated
menacing following a no contest plea, and sentencing her accordingly. Hough challenges
aspects of both the plea and sentence, arguing that the trial court abused its discretion by
imposing a sentence greater than that recommended by the State, without adequately
informing her during the plea hearing that it was not bound by that recommendation.
        {¶2}    Hough's assignment of error is meritless. First, the written plea agreement,
which Hough signed, stated that the court was not bound by the recommended sentence;
and counsel's comments during the plea hearing indicate Hough understood this.
Second, Hough's plea was not otherwise unknowing, involuntary or unintelligent and the
sentence chosen by the trial court is reasonable. Accordingly, the judgment of the trial
court is affirmed.
                                  Facts and Procedural History
        {¶3}    On December 3, 2009, Hough was charged by complaint with one count of
aggravated menacing (R.C. 2903.21), a first-degree misdemeanor, for allegedly
threatening to kill several women at a transitional housing facility. A warrant was issued
for her arrest and she was eventually apprehended. Hough initially pled not guilty and an
attorney was appointed to represent her. Hough was ordered to have no contact with the
victims. She waived her speedy trial rights and requested a bill of particulars, which the
State provided.
        {¶4}    On November 17, 2010, Hough entered into a Crim.R. 11 plea agreement
with the State. In exchange for Hough's no contest plea to the aggravated menacing
charge, the State agreed to recommend the following sentence: a period of community
control to include no contact with the victims, plus a fine and court costs. The plea
agreement included a statement of the potential penalties of the charge (up to 180 days
in jail and a $1,000 fine), along with a warning that the court may accept or reject all or
part of the State's sentencing recommendation.
        {¶5}    The case was called for a combined plea and sentencing hearing on
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October 8, 2010. Hough waived the introduction of evidence and stipulated to a finding of
guilt. After engaging in a brief colloquy with Hough, the trial court accepted her plea.
       {¶6}   The court then proceeded to sentencing.         Defense counsel made a
statement in mitigation of sentence, pointing out that Hough was a student at Youngstown
State University, and asserting that she had a "great record." The State agreed that her
record was "fairly good," but noted that Hough had a domestic violence adjudication in
2006. Hough denied fault with respect to this adjudication, claiming instead to be the
victim of domestic violence.
       {¶7}   The State stood by its sentencing recommendation; but alleged that Hough
had made indirect contact with one of the victims by contacting several of her friends.
Hough denied this allegation. The trial court reviewed the bill of particulars and remarked
that the incident "appears * * * to have been an ugly matter at [Hough's] initiation."
       {¶8}   Contrary to the State's recommendation, the trial court sentenced Hough to
60 days in jail, one year of intensive probation, an anger management course, along with
court costs and fees. The trial court ordered that Hough have absolutely no contact
(direct or indirect) with the victims, their families or anyone at the transitional housing
facility where the crime occurred. The court issued a sentencing entry on November 17,
2010, which was stayed pending appeal.
                               Recommended Sentence
       {¶9}   In her sole assignment of error, Hough asserts:
       {¶10} "The trial court abused its discretion when it imposed a sentence greater
than that forming the inducement for the Defendant to plead guilty without informing the
Defendant that it was not bound by the sentencing agreement with the State."
       {¶11} This argument attacks both the adequacy of the plea, and the resulting
sentence. Hough essentially argues that her no contest plea was not knowing, voluntary
and intelligent insofar as the trial court failed to adequately inform her that it was not
bound by the sentence recommended by the State in the plea agreement. Hough urges
this court to vacate her plea for that reason.
       {¶12} First, we must analyze the plea for compliance with Crim.R. 11. To ensure
                                                                                        -3-


that pleas are knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily made, Crim.R. 11 sets forth specific
procedural requirements the trial court must follow, depending upon the level of offense
to which the defendant is pleading. State v. Watkins, 99 Ohio St.3d 12, 2003-Ohio-2419,
88 N.E.2d 635, at ¶25. Crim.R. 11(C)(2) applies to felony cases only. Id. at ¶27. Crim.R.
11(D) applies to cases involving "serious offenses," which are "any felony, and any
misdemeanor for which the penalty prescribed by law includes confinement for more than
six months." Crim.R. 2(C). Finally, Crim.R. 11(E) applies to misdemeanors involving
"petty offenses," which are "a misdemeanor other than [a] serious offense." Crim.R. 2(D).
       {¶13} Hough pled no contest to aggravated menacing, a first-degree
misdemeanor, subject to a sentence of not more than 180 days, and thus a petty offense.
R.C. 2903.21; R.C. 2929.24(A)(1); Crim.R. 2(D). "In misdemeanor cases involving petty
offenses the court may refuse to accept a plea of guilty or no contest, and shall not
accept such pleas without first informing the defendant of the effect of the plea of guilty,
no contest, and not guilty." Crim.R. 11(E).
       {¶14} A "trial court is required to inform the defendant only of the effect of the
specific plea being entered," which, in this case, is a no contest plea. See State v. Jones,
116 Ohio St.3d 211, 2007-Ohio-6093, 877 N.E.2d 677, at ¶25.                "[T]o satisfy the
requirement of informing a defendant of the effect of a plea, a trial court must inform the
defendant of the appropriate language under Crim.R. 11(B)." Id., paragraph two of the
syllabus. A trial court may advise a defendant of the language of Crim.R. 11(B) "orally or
in writing." Id. at ¶51.
       {¶15} Crim.R. 11(B)(2) states that a "plea of no contest is not an admission of
defendant's guilt, but is an admission of the truth of the facts alleged in the indictment,
information, or complaint, and the plea or admission shall not be used against the
defendant in any subsequent civil or criminal proceeding." Crim.R. 11(B).
       {¶16} Before accepting her no contest plea, the trial court engaged in the following
colloquy with Hough:
       {¶17} "THE COURT: This is Case No. 09 CRB 2871, per Rule 11 negotiations
and agreement the Defendant is withdrawing her previous plea of not guilty to the
                                                                                       -4-


aggravated menacing charge, which is a misdemeanor of the 1st degree, which has a
potential penalty of a fine of up to $1,000, potential jail sentence of up to six months in
jail. I see here, Yasmin [sic] Hough, that you intend to change your plea from not guilty to
no contest."
       {¶18} "MISS HOUGH: That's correct.
       {¶19} "THE COURT: I must inform you a no contest plea stipulates that the Court
may make a finding of guilty or not guilty based upon the facts presented or a stipulation
and that the probabilities are that you will be found guilty. So given that information and
understanding you are changing your plea to?
       {¶20} "MISS HOUGH: No contest.
       {¶21} "THE COURT: Very well. Further, a no contest plea waives certain legal
rights. It waives your right to have a trial, a jury trial, to confront your accuser, ask
questions and cross examine witnesses the State would bring forward to testify against
you at trial, your right to subpoena witnesses to come and testify on your behalf, remain
silent, raise any and all defenses you may have, testify at your own trial among other
constitutional and statutory rights, including your right to appeal. Do you understand that
you would be waiving those rights?
       {¶22} "MISS HOUGH: Yes.
       {¶23} "THE COURT: Very well. There is a finding of guilt.
       {¶24} "[PROSECUTOR]: Your Honor, my apologies, it is my understanding part of
the agreement was based on a waiver of introduction of evidence and stipulate [sic] to a
finding of guilt.
       {¶25} "[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: We so waive, Your Honor.
       {¶26} "THE COURT: So noted. Thank you. I will proceed with the penalty. * * *"
       {¶27} Although the trial court engaged in some discussion with Hough, it failed to
notify her expressly that a no contest plea means "an admission of the truth of the facts
alleged in the indictment." Further the trial court failed to inform her that the plea or
admission shall not be used against her in any subsequent civil or criminal proceeding.
Nor does the written plea agreement contain any information explaining the effect of a no
                                                                                         -5-


contest plea. However, in order to vacate a plea for failure to inform the defendant of the
plea's effect, there must be prejudice, which means that the plea otherwise would not
have been entered. Jones, supra at ¶52; see, also, State v. Veney, 120 Ohio St.3d 176,
179, 897 N.E.2d 621, 2008-Ohio-5200, at ¶15.
       {¶28} There is no indication in the record that the facts were in dispute. To the
contrary, Hough stipulated to a finding of guilt. Nor is there any indication that Hough
would have changed her plea if she knew that "no contest" meant admitting to the truth of
the facts in the complaint rather than admitting guilt (nor obviously, if she had been
informed that the plea or admission could not be used against her in any subsequent
proceeding.) Thus, Hough was not prejudiced. See, e.g., State v. McGilton, 7th Dist. No.
07 BE 9, 2008-Ohio-1185, at ¶28 (reaching the same conclusion under these
circumstances). Accordingly, the trial court's failure to inform Hough of the effect of her no
contest plea does not require reversal.
       {¶29} Hough argues, nonetheless, that her plea was not knowingly made because
the trial court failed to expressly inform her that it was not bound by the State's
sentencing recommendation. A similar argument was raised and rejected by this court in
Youngstown v. Cohen, 7th Dist. No. 07-MA-16, 2008-Ohio-1191.
       {¶30} In Cohen, the appellant entered into a Crim.R. 11 plea agreement with the
state in which he agreed to plead no contest to a petty misdemeanor, and in exchange
the state agreed to dismiss a second petty misdemeanor charge and recommend
probation. Contrary to the state's recommendation, the trial court sentenced Cohen to
sixty days in jail with intensive probation to follow for eighteen months. On appeal to this
court Cohen argued, inter alia, that his no contest plea was unknowing because the trial
court failed to inform him that it was not bound by the recommended sentence. This court
rejected that argument for two reasons, first because defense counsel's statements
during the plea hearing ("asking" the Court for imposition of the community control
sanctions as "recommended" by the prosecutor), demonstrated that the appellant "had a
subjective understanding that a recommended sentence was not binding upon the court."
Cohen at ¶68. Second, this court concluded that the written acknowledgement of the
                                                                                         -6-


plea and waiver of the trial rights, signed by the appellant and containing a statement that
the appellant "understand[s] that the court may accept or reject all or part of the State of
Ohio's sentencing recommendations," reconciled the potential ambiguity in the colloquy.
Id. at ¶68. Both of these circumstances exist in this case.
       {¶31} At the beginning of the plea hearing, defense counsel stated: "After
negotiations between myself and the Prosecutor a Rule 11 agreement has been reached
and is presently before this Court. We would ask that the Court accept the Rule 11
agreement, including the recommended penalty for Miss Hough."                The court then
informed Hough of the potential penalties for the aggravated menacing charge, to wit, a
fine of up to $1000 and a jail sentence of up to six months.
       {¶32} Further, the written plea agreement, signed by Hough and her counsel, lays
out those same potential penalties and states:
       {¶33} "I further understand that the court, upon acceptance of my plea, may
proceed with judgment and sentence immediately subject to the potential penalties listed
above. I further understand that the court may accept or reject all or part of the State of
Ohio's sentence recommendations."
       {¶34} As in Cohen, Hough's no contest plea was knowing, voluntary and
intelligent, notwithstanding the court's failure to inform her during the plea hearing that it
was not bound by the sentencing recommendation.
       {¶35} Further, the trial court's chosen sentence was proper.            Misdemeanor
sentences are reviewed for an abuse of discretion. R.C. 2929.22; State v. Frazier, 158
Ohio App.3d 407, 2004-Ohio-4506, 815 N.E.2d 1155, at ¶15. An abuse of discretion
means more than an error of judgment; it implies that the trial court's decision was
unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. State v. Adams (1980), 62 Ohio St.2d 151,
157, 16 O.O.3d 169, 404 N.E.2d 144.
       {¶36} R.C. 2929.22, the misdemeanor sentencing statute, lists factors a trial court
must consider in determining the appropriate sentence to impose:
       {¶37} "(a) The nature and circumstances of the offense or offenses;
       {¶38} "(b) Whether the circumstances regarding the offender and the offense or
                                                                                         -7-


offenses indicate that the offender has a history of persistent criminal activity and that the
offender's character and condition reveal a substantial risk that the offender will commit
another offense;
       {¶39} "(c) Whether the circumstances regarding the offender and the offense or
offenses indicate that the offender's history, character, and condition reveal a substantial
risk that the offender will be a danger to others and that the offender's conduct has been
characterized by a pattern of repetitive, compulsive, or aggressive behavior with heedless
indifference to the consequences;
       {¶40} "(d) Whether the victim's youth, age, disability, or other factors made the
victim particularly vulnerable to the offense or made the impact of the offense more
serious;
       {¶41} "(e) Whether the offender is likely to commit future crimes in general, in
addition to the circumstances described in divisions (B)(1)(b) and (c) of this section." R.C.
2929.22(B)(1).
       {¶42} Although the trial court did not expressly cite each of the factors, its
comments during the sentencing hearing demonstrate that it did consider them, and
further that the resulting sentence was reasonable. The trial court considered Hough's
prior adjudication for domestic violence; the allegations (denied by Hough) that she had
indirectly contacted the victims in this case after her arrest despite the no-contact order;
and the nature of the crime, namely that there was a "potential of serious harm to a
person or persons beyond the threats and the intimidation."                Based on these
considerations, the trial court's sentence of 60 days in jail, plus one year of intensive
probation, was not an abuse of discretion.
       {¶43} The cases cited by Hough in her brief do stand for the proposition that the
trial court does not abuse its discretion by imposing greater than the recommended
sentence if the defendant is forewarned, prior to entering the plea, that the court is not
bound by the agreement. See, e.g., State v. Darmour (1987), 38 Ohio App.3d 160, 529
N.E.2d 208. And in all of the cases Hough cites, the forewarning occurred orally during
the plea hearing. However, pursuant to Cohen, supra, a written warning is also sufficient.
                                                                                    -8-


      {¶44} Thus, for all of the above reasons, Hough's assignment of error is meritless.
Her no contest plea was knowing, voluntary and intelligent and the trial court's sentence
was not an abuse of discretion. Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Donofrio, J., concurs.
Vukovich, J., concurs.
