                                                                     [DO NOT PUBLISH]


               IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                         FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                              FILED
                         ------------------------------------------- U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                       ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                                      No. 06-12311                         March 16, 2007
                                Non-Argument Calendar                   THOMAS K. KAHN
                        --------------------------------------------         CLERK

                       D.C. Docket No. 04-00797-CV-W-N

ROSEMARY C. RILEY,

                                                         Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                          versus

FAIRBANKS CAPITAL CORPORATION,

                                                         Defendant-Appellee.

              ----------------------------------------------------------------
                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                         for the Middle District of Alabama
              ----------------------------------------------------------------

                                   (March 16, 2007)

Before EDMONDSON, Chief Judge, ANDERSON and BIRCH, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:


      Plaintiff-Appellant Rosemary Riley, appearing pro se, appeals the district

court’s grant of summary judgment to Fairbanks Capital Corporation
(“Fairbanks”). Reversible error exists; we vacate the district court’s judgment and

remand for the district court to dismiss Riley’s case without prejudice.

       Riley filed a complaint against Fairbanks in district court alleging violations

of federal law -- under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1692

(“FDCPA”), the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, 12 U.S.C. § 2601

(“RESPA”), and the Truth in Lending Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1601 (“TILA”) -- and

raising many state law claims, including breach of conduct, intentional

misrepresentation, negligence, and unjust enrichment.1 Riley asserted, among

other things, that the district court had federal question jurisdiction over her

federal law claims, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331, and supplemental jurisdiction

over her state law claims, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1367.

       A magistrate judge ordered Riley to file an amended complaint with factual

allegations on Fairbanks’s allegedly unlawful acts.2 In her first amended

complaint, Riley raised only four claims -- breach of contract, fraud and

suppression, negligence, and unjust enrichment -- all of which arise under state

law. Although Riley continued to assert that the district court could exercise

   1
    In her complaint, Riley clearly separated the section of her “federal claims” from her asserted
“state claims.”
   2
     In her order, the magistrate specified that “Plaintiff may not incorporate any allegations of her
initial complaint by reference -- the amended complaint must include all of [Plaintiff’s] claims for
relief and all of the facts she contends support those claims.”

                                                  2
federal question jurisdiction over her federal law claims and supplemental

jurisdiction over her state law claims, her first amended complaint raised no claim

arising under federal law.

      The magistrate ordered that Riley amend her first amended complaint to

plead her fraud claim with the particularity required by Fed.R.Civ.P. 9(b). And the

magistrate again ordered that Riley’s second amended complaint could not

incorporate by reference allegations raised in her initial or first amended

complaints.

      Riley then filed a second amended complaint, in which she alleged the same

four state law claims raised in her first amended complaint. Although Riley listed

some federal statutes in the complaint’s preamble and again asserted that the

district court had federal question jurisdiction over her FDCPA, RESPA, and

TILA claims, her second amended complaint did not contain such claims or other

claims “arising under the Constitution, laws, or treatises of the United States.” 28

U.S.C. § 1331. Fairbanks filed a motion for summary judgment on all claims.

      The magistrate issued a report and recommendation on Fairbanks’s motion

for summary judgment, explaining that Riley raised only state law claims in her

second amended complaint. But the magistrate concluded that, because Riley

originally brought both federal and state law claims against Fairbanks, the district

                                          3
court retained supplemental jurisdiction over her state law claims. The magistrate

recommended that summary judgment be granted to Fairbanks; and the district

court adopted the magistrate’s report and recommendation.

      On appeal, the parties address only whether the district court erred in

granting summary judgment to Fairbanks. Before we can consider these

arguments, however, we must first address whether the district court had subject

matter jurisdiction in this case. See Rolling Greens MHP, L.P. v. Comcast SCH

Holdings L.L.C., 374 F.3d 1020, 1021 (11th Cir. 2004) (explaining that we will

examine the subject matter jurisdiction of district courts in cases that we review).

Although we liberally construe the pleadings drafted by pro se litigants, such as

Riley, see Tannenbaum v. United States, 148 F.3d 1262, 1263 (11th Cir. 1998), we

still require them to “conform to procedural rules.” Loren v. Sasser, 309 F.3d

1296, 1304 (11th Cir. 2002).

      “An amended pleading supersedes the former pleading; the original

pleading is abandoned by the amendment, and is no longer a part of the pleader’s

averments against his adversary.” Dresdner Bank AG v. M/V Olympia Voyager,

463 F.3d 1210, 1215 (11th Cir. 2006) (internal quotation omitted); see also Fritz v.

Standard Sec. Life Ins. Co., 676 F.2d 1356, 1358 (11th Cir. 1982) (“Under the

Federal Rules, an amended complaint supersedes the original complaint.”).

                                          4
      Under 28 U.S.C. § 1367(a), a district court can exercise supplemental

jurisdiction over claims “that are so related to claims in the action within such

original jurisdiction that they form part of the same case or controversy . . . .” But

“when the federal-law claims have dropped out of the lawsuit in its early stages

and only state-law claims remain, the federal court should decline the exercise of

jurisdiction by dismissing the case without prejudice.” Carnegie-Mellon Univ. v.

Cohill, 108 S.Ct. 614, 619 (1988); see Scarfo v. Ginsberg, 175 F.3d 957, 962 (11th

Cir. 1999) (explaining that “once the district court determines that subject matter

jurisdiction over a plaintiff’s federal claims does not exist, courts must dismiss a

plaintiff’s state law claims”).

      Here, Riley’s second amended complaint did not include the federal law

claims raised in her initial complaint. In fact, during her deposition in this case,

Riley testified that her second amended complaint only raised four claims against

Fairbanks -- for breach of contract, fraud and suppression, negligence, and unjust

enrichment. Although we are mindful of the liberal construction we apply to pro

se pleadings, we believe that Riley abandoned her federal law claims at an early

stage of this case because her second amended complaint -- which superseded her

previous complaints -- raised only state law claims. For this reason, the district




                                           5
court did not have subject matter jurisdiction in this case3 and could not exercise

supplemental jurisdiction over Riley’s state law claims.4 See Cohill, 108 S.Ct. at

619.

          Therefore, because we conclude that the district court did not have federal

question jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331 over the claims raised in


      3
     We note that, in the statement of jurisdiction contained in its brief, Fairbanks asserts that the
district court properly exercised subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332 because the
parties are diverse and the amount in controversy exceeds the jurisdictional minimum. But the
district court did not rely on diversity jurisdiction in this case; instead, as we have discussed, the
district court explained that it was exercising supplemental jurisdiction over Riley’s state law claims
because her initial complaint had included federal law claims. Riley -- who had the burden to
establish subject matter jurisdiction -- never asserted diversity jurisdiction. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 8(a)
(providing, among other things, that complaint must contain “a short and plain statement of the
grounds upon which the court’s jurisdiction depends”); Sweet Pea Marine, Ltd. v. APJ Marine, Inc.,
411 F.3d 1242, 1247 (11th Cir. 2005) (“The burden for establishing federal subject matter
jurisdiction rests with the party bringing the claim.”). Diversity jurisdiction -- and, in particular, the
required amount in controversy -- is not evident from the face of Riley’s complaint. See Federated
Mut. Ins. Co. v. McKinnon Motors, LLC, 329 F.3d 805, 807 (11th Cir. 2003) (“[T]o invoke a federal
court’s diversity jurisdiction, a plaintiff must claim, among other things, that the amount in
controversy exceeds $75,000. . . . A plaintiff satisfies the amount in controversy requirement by
claiming a sufficient sum in good faith.”). The parties cannot create subject matter jurisdiction by
agreement, see Eagerton v. Valuations, Inc., 698 F.2d 1115, 1118 (11th Cir. 1983) (“[I]t is well
established that subject matter jurisdiction cannot be waived or conferred on a court by consent of
the parties.”); and we conclude that the district court did not have subject matter jurisdiction over
Riley’s case pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332.
  4
    The Seventh Circuit reached this conclusion in a similar case. In Wellness Community National
v. Wellness House, 70 F.3d 46 (7th Cir. 1995), the plaintiff filed a complaint alleging both federal
and state law claims on a contract dispute. Id. at 48. Plaintiff’s initial complaint asserted that both
federal question and diversity jurisdiction existed. Id. But plaintiff’s amended complaint dropped
all federal law claims and asserted only diversity jurisdiction. Id. The district court indicated that,
even if it did not have diversity jurisdiction over the case, the court still could exercise supplemental
jurisdiction over plaintiff’s state law claims. Id. at 50. But the Seventh Circuit vacated the district
court’s judgment, explaining that, because plaintiff abandoned its federal law claims before trial, the
district court erred in determining that it could rely on supplemental jurisdiction to consider
plaintiff’s state law claims. Id.

                                                    6
Riley’s second amended complaint, the supplemental jurisdiction provisions of 28

U.S.C. § 1367 did not apply here. We vacate the judgment below and remand for

the district court to dismiss this case without prejudice for lack of jurisdiction. See

Crotwell v. Hockman-Lewis Ltd., 734 F.2d 767, 769 (11th Cir. 1984) (explaining

that district court’s dismissal of case for lack of subject matter jurisdiction should

be without prejudice).

      VACATED AND REMANDED.




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