             Case: 19-12025    Date Filed: 02/05/2020   Page: 1 of 6


                                                        [DO NOT PUBLISH]



              IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                        FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                          ________________________

                                No. 19-12025
                            Non-Argument Calendar
                          ________________________

                     D.C. Docket No. 0:97-cr-06007-FAM-5



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                                  Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                     versus

MARC VALME,
a.k.a. Palmis
a.k.a. Palmiste,

                                                            Defendant-Appellant.

                          ________________________

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Southern District of Florida
                         ________________________

                               (February 5, 2020)



Before MARTIN, ROSENBAUM, and EDMONDSON, Circuit Judges.
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PER CURIAM:



      Marc Valme, a federal prisoner proceeding pro se, appeals the district

court’s denial of his pro se motion to reduce his sentence. Reversible error has

been shown; we affirm in part and vacate in part the district court’s order, and we

remand to the district court for further proceedings.

      In 1998, a jury found Valme guilty of conspiracy to import cocaine and

heroin into the United States, per 21 U.S.C. § 952(a), and of conspiracy to

distribute cocaine, per 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). At sentencing, the district court

found that Valme was responsible for at least 350 to 400 kilograms of cocaine; this

finding resulted in a base offense level of 38 under the then-applicable version of

U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(c). The district court then concluded that Valme was subject to a

4-level enhancement for abuse of public trust and for obstruction of justice. Based

on Valme’s total offense level of 42 and criminal history category of I, Valme’s

guidelines range was 360 months to life. The district court sentenced Valme to life

imprisonment. Valme’s convictions and sentence were affirmed on direct appeal.

See United States v. Audain, et al., 254 F.3d 1286 (11th Cir. 2001).

      In March 2019, Valme filed pro se the instant motion to reduce his sentence.

Valme sought a sentence reduction pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2), based on


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Amendment 782 to the Sentencing Guidelines. Valme’s motion also cited to

section 102(b)(3) of the First Step Act of 2018.

      The government opposed Valme’s motion. The government argued that

Valme was unentitled to relief under section 102(b)(3): a section that amended the

method for calculating good conduct time. The government asserted that this

provision was inapplicable to inmates -- like Valme -- who were serving life

sentences. The government made no argument about Valme’s eligibility for a

sentence reduction based on section 3582(c)(2) and Amendment 782.

      In his pro se reply to the government’s opposition, Valme reasserted his

position that he was entitled to relief under section 102(b)(3) of the First Step Act.

Valme also urged the district court to consider his motion in the light of Dillon v.

United States, 560 U.S. 817 (2010). The district court denied summarily Valme’s

motion “for the reasons stated in the government’s response.”

      First, we conclude that the district court committed no error in concluding

that Valme was ineligible for relief under section 102(b)(3) of the First Step Act.

By its plain terms, the statute amended by section 102(b)(3) is inapplicable to

prisoners who are serving life sentences. See 18 U.S.C. § 3624(b)(1).

      We next address Valme’s request for a sentence reduction based on section

3582(c)(2) and Amendment 782. As an initial matter, we reject the government’s

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assertion that Valme failed to raise adequately this argument in the district court

and on appeal. We have long held that pro se pleadings and such are held to a less

strict standard than pleadings filed by lawyers and, thus, must be construed

liberally. See Tannenbaum v. United States, 148 F.3d 1262, 1263 (11th Cir. 1998).

Nevertheless, when a pro se litigant fails entirely to raise an issue in the district

court or on appeal, that issue is deemed waived or abandoned. Id.; Timson v.

Sampson, 518 F.3d 870, 874 (11th Cir. 2008).

      We conclude that Valme raised sufficiently his Amendment 782 argument

both in the district court and on appeal. In Valme’s 2-page motion for a sentence

reduction, Valme requested expressly relief under section 3582(c)(2) and

Amendment 782. Then, in his 2-page reply, Valme urged the district court to

consider his motion in the light of the Supreme Court’s decision in Dillon: a case

that discussed the two-step approach district courts must utilize when ruling on a

section 3582(c)(2) motion. See Dillon, 560 U.S. at 826-87. In his 3-page appellate

brief, Valme reasserts that he is entitled to a sentence reduction under Amendment

782 and cites again to Dillon. Particularly given the brevity of Valme’s pleadings,

Valme’s express references to section 3582(c)(2) and to Amendment 782 were

adequate to put the government and the district court on notice that Valme sought a

sentence reduction on that ground. Cf. United States v. Jernigan, 341 F.3d 1273,

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1283 n.8 (11th Cir. 2003) (“Our task in assessing an appeal is to adjudicate the

issues that are fairly and plainly presented to us and of which the appellee is put on

notice; it is not to hunt for issues that an appellant may or may not have intended to

raise.”). Under the circumstances of this case, Valme’s pleadings -- construed

liberally -- raised sufficiently the Amendment 782 issue.

      Under section 3582(c)(2), a district court may reduce a defendant’s term of

imprisonment if the defendant’s sentence was based upon a guidelines range that

was later lowered by the Sentencing Commission. 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2). In

ruling on a section 3582(c)(2) motion, the district court “must engage in a two-part

analysis.” United States v. Bravo, 203 F.3d 778, 780 (11th Cir. 2000). First, the

district court determines the sentence the court would have imposed had the

amended guidelines been in effect when the defendant was sentenced. Id. At the

second step, the district court must then decide -- in the light of the 18 U.S.C. §

3553(a) factors -- whether it will exercise its discretion to impose the newly

calculated sentence or if it will retain the original sentence. Id. at 781.

      Here, the district court failed entirely to address Valme’s request for a

sentence reduction based on section 3582(c)(2) and Amendment 782. Amendment

782, which applies retroactively, reduced by two levels the base offense levels for

most drug offenses listed in § 2D1.1(c). U.S.S.G. App. C, amend. 782 (2014).

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The government says in its appellate brief that it “appears” that application of

Amendment 782 might result in a 2-level decrease in Valme’s offense level.

Without deciding the issue, we agree that whether Valme’s guidelines might be

lowered under the amended guidelines is at least arguable.

      Because the district court erred in failing to address Valme’s Amendment

782 argument, we vacate in part the district court’s denial of Valme’s motion for a

sentence reduction and remand to the district court for further proceedings. In

particular, we instruct the district court to conduct the necessary two-part analysis

in ruling on Valme’s section 3582(c)(2) motion. To the extent the district court

denied Valme’s motion for a sentence reduction under section 102(b)(3) of the

First Step Act, we affirm.

      AFFIRMED IN PART; VACATED IN PART; AND REMANDED.




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