                     IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                           AT KNOXVILLE
                                                FILED
                                                  April 30, 1998

                                                Cecil Crowson, Jr.
                                                Appellate C ourt Clerk
STATE OF TENNESSEE,           )     HAMILTON JUVENILE
DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN'S      )     C.A. NO. 03A01-9710-JV-00485
SERVICES,                     )
                              )
        Petitioner-Appellee   )
                              )
                              )
vs.                           )
                              )
                              )
                              )
                              )
GAIL DENISE EPPS,             )
                              )     HON. SUZANNE BAILEY
         Respondent-Appellant )     JUDGE
                              )
                              )
                              )
                              )
                              )
IN THE MATTER OF:             )
                              )
DEANTWUNG DAVE,               )
REKENDRIA DAVE, and           )
LEBRON EPPS,                  )
                              )     AFFIRMED AND REMANDED
Children under eighteen years )
of age                        )




KENTON HOLLOWAY, Chattanooga, for Appellant.



JOHN KNOX WALKUP, Attorney General and Reporter, and DOUGLAS EARL
DIMOND, Assistant Attorney General, for Appellee.


                           O P I N I O N
                                                                                                                                      McMurray, J.



            In this action, Gail Denise Epps (Mother) appeals from an

order           of       the          Hamilton                 County               Juvenile                 Court          terminating                           her

parental rights to her three oldest children, Deantwung Dave (DOB

12-19-86), Rekendria Dave (DOB 3-9-90), and Lebron Epps (DOB 3-4-

91).            We affirm the judgment of the trial court.



            Our standard of review is set forth in T.C.A. § 36-1-113 (c),

which states:


            Termination of parental or guardianship rights must be
            based upon:

            (1) A finding by the court by clear and convincing
            evidence that the grounds for termination or [sic: of]
            parental or guardianship rights have been established;
            and

            (2) That termination of the parent's or guardian's rights
            is in the best interests of the child.



            Thus, we review this case to determine if the statutory

requirements for termination of parental rights have been demon-

strated by clear and convincing evidence.                                                                        The record on appeal

does not contain either a transcript of the evidence or a statement

of        the         evidence               as       required                by            Rule       24,          Tennessee                       Rules           of

Appellate Procedure.                                   I t     i s   w e l l - s e t t l e d            t h a t       a b s e n t         a      t r a n s c r i p t

o f     t h e     e v i d e n c e      o r    s t a t e m e n t        o f          t h e      e v i d e n c e       f i l e d      i n          a c c o r d a n c e

w i t h     R u l e     2 4 ,     T . R . A . P . ,      t h e r e     i s      a       c o n c l u s i v e        p r e s u m p t i o n              t h a t     t h e

e v i d e n c e       w a s     s u f f i c i e n t      t o    s u p p o r t          t h e     j u d g m e n t      o f   t h e             t r i a l   c o u r t .

S e e     M c D o n a l d       v .    O n o h ,      7 7 2     S . W . 2 d         9 1 3      ( T e n n .       A p p .    1 9 8 9 ) .               S e e     a l s o

                                                                              2
T r a n e    C o .   v .   M o r r i s o n ,       5 6 6     S . W . 2 d    8 4 9    ( T e n n .     1 9 7 8 )   a n d     D a n i e l   v .

M e t r o p o l i t a n    G o v e r n m e n t ,     6 9 6    S . W . 2 d    8 ,    ( T e n n .    A p p .   1 9 8 5 ) .     Thus, we

would be justified in indulging in a conclusive presumption that

the evidence presented at the trial supports the judgment of the

trial court.                  Since, however, we believe that the subject under

consideration, i.e., termination of parental rights, is of such

great importance, we will closely examine the entire record to

determine whether an error is therein shown. Upon consideration of

the entire record, we are constrained to hold that there was no

error and that the pleadings and reports contained in the record

establish, insofar as we can determine, that the trial court was

correct in finding that the state carried its burden of proving the

necessary elements by clear and convincing evidence.



            This case began on February 23, 1992 when the police found the

children alone in the mother's apartment.                                                     The children were then

6 years, 2 years, and 11 months old respectively.                                                                The Department

of Human Services' petition for temporary custody alleges that the

mother had been gone from the apartment for at least two days, and

there is nothing in the record to contradict this assertion.                                                                               A

report filed with the court on February 26, 1992 states that the

eldest child, Deantwung, "was able to give the police and counselor

needed information. Deantwung states he fed his brother and sister

milk and bread (the milk was spoiled, the bread was in a brown

paper bag and very hard)."                                       On February 26, 1992, the Juvenile

Court entered a protective custody order placing temporary care and

custody of the children with the DHS.

                                                                      3
     Legal and physical custody of the children remained with the

DHS until February 2, 1995.      During the interim, the mother took

parenting classes and received counseling.            The DHS' periodic

review summaries    in   the   record   indicate   that   the    mother   was

generally cooperative, but that she refused to take a psychological

examination for a long time, which apparently held up her progress.

A review summary filed November 3, 1993 concludes that it is

"doubtful that mother is capable of caring for children."



      At some point in time not revealed by the record, the

children were placed in foster care.          The mother had periodic

visitation with the children.      A court report dated December 12,

1994 states that the mother "is having visits every week or every

other week."



     On February 2, 1995, physical custody of the children was

returned to the mother, with DHS retaining legal custody. The next

progress report, dated April 21, 1995, states that the "school

reports De[antwung] has been looking sickly since moving back in

with his mother."   It also notes that his grades "slipped from A's

to F's and he was out of school two to three days per week up until

end of March."   Lebron, the youngest child, showed up one morning

at the Signal Center with a broken-off steak knife.             The children

were reported as coming to school unclean and ungroomed. Under the

"emotional/behavioral" category, the report states that "Suzanne at

Signal reports Rekendria and Lebron have regressed since going back

home to live with Mom."


                                    4
     The family was enrolled in the "Home Ties" program, "to help

with areas of hygiene, school attendance, discipline, management

and family communication." However, the family had to be withdrawn

from the program because the mother could not be reached for

participation.



     At the DHS' request, the Juvenile Court Referee recommended

that physical    custody   be       returned   to    the   state.   Apparently

physical custody was removed from the mother on June 29, 1995.               The

children were returned to foster care.              A court report dated July

12, 1995 states that the mother did not contact the state or the

foster parents after their removal.



     The   progress   report        dated   October    31,   1995   states   the

following:


          De's grades have gone back up to A's and his sister
     and brother are doing well since being placed back with
     foster parents. All three children have bonded well with
     their foster parents since going back to them five months
     ago.

                                *       *      *

          Mother has never finished her parenting classes.
     Home Ties could not reach [mother]. [Mother] had the
     children back six months, and didn't work on her foster
     care plan with the state. We contacted Dot Stephenson to
     resume individual and family counseling, but [mother]
     failed to follow through for the second time.



     The record reflects that visitation with the children after

they were removed the second time was sporadic.                When the mother

did pick up the children for visitation, they were returned in


                                        5
"filthy" condition.      After June 25, 1996, there was only one

visitation by the mother.       A review summary on November 14, 1995

states, "Mother shows no interest in getting children back," and a

summary dated November 12, 1996 describes a "complete lack of

parental interest."



     On December 6, 1996, the Department of Children's Services

filed a petition to terminate mother's parental rights. On May 28,

1997, the Juvenile Court found the following:


          ... the subject children have been in the custody of
     Petitioner for at least six (6) months; that the condi-
     tions which led to said child's [sic] removal still
     persist; that there is little likelihood that said
     conditions will be remedied at an early date so that the
     children can be returned to the natural mother in the
     near future; that the continuation of the legal parent
     and child relationship greatly diminishes the children's
     chances of early integration into a stable and permanent
     home; that the Defendant; Gail Denise Epps, has failed to
     comply in a substantial manner on the reasonable
     responsibilities of the Foster Care Plan; that the
     Defendant ... has willfully abandoned the children for
     more than four (4) consecutive months next preceding the
     filing of the petition in this cause and it is, there-
     fore, for the best interest of the said children and the
     public that all of the parental rights of the Defendant
     ... be forever terminated ... .


     T.C.A.   §   36-1-113(g)   provides   the   following   grounds   for

termination of parental rights, as pertinent to the present case:


          Termination of parental or guardianship rights may
     be based upon any of the following grounds:

     (1) Abandonment by the parent or guardian, as defined in
     § 36-1-102, has occurred;

     (2) There has been substantial noncompliance by the
     parent or guardian with the statement of responsibilities
     in a permanency plan or a plan of care pursuant to the
     provisions of title 37, chapter 2, part 4;

                                    6
(3)(A) The child has been removed from the home of the
parent or guardian by order of a court for a period of
six (6) months and

     (i) The conditions which led to the child's removal
or other conditions which in all reasonable probability
would cause the child to be subjected to further abuse or
neglect and which, therefore, prevent the child's return
to the care of the parent(s) or guardian(s), still
persist;

     (ii) There is little likelihood that these condi-
tions will be remedied at an early date so that the child
can be returned to the parent(s) or guardian(s) in the
near future; and

     (iii) The continuation of the parent or guardian and
child relationship greatly diminishes the child's chances
of early integration into a stable and permanent home.


T.C.A. § 36-1-102(1)(A) defines "abandonment" as:


     "Abandonment" means, for purposes of terminating the
parental or guardian rights of parent(s) or guardian(s)
of a child to that child in order to make that child
available for adoption, that:

(i) For a period of four (4) consecutive months immedi-
ately preceding the filing of a proceeding or pleading to
terminate the parental rights of the parent(s) or
guardian(s) of the child who is the subject of the
petition for termination of parental rights or adoption,
that the parent(s) or guardian(s) either have willfully
failed to visit or have willfully failed to support or
make reasonable payments toward the support of the child;

                     *     *      *

(E) For purposes of this subdivision (1), "willfully
failed to visit" means the willful failure, for a period
of four (4) consecutive months, to visit or engage in
more than token visitation;

                     *      *     *

(C) For purposes of this subdivision (1), "token visita-
tion" means that the visitation, under the circumstances
of the individual case, constitutes nothing more than
perfunctory visitation or visitation of such an infre-
quent nature or of such short duration as to merely
establish minimal or insubstantial contact with the
child;

                           7
                            *      *        *

     (F) Abandonment may not be repented of by resuming
     visitation or support subsequent to the filing of any
     petition seeking to terminate parental or guardianship
     rights or seeking the adoption of a child; and

     (G) "Abandonment" does not have any other definition
     except that which is set forth herein, it being the
     intent of the general assembly to establish the only
     grounds for abandonment by statutory definition.
     Specifically, it shall not be required that a parent be
     shown to have evinced a settled purpose to forego all
     parental rights and responsibilities in order for a
     determination of abandonment to be made. Decisions of
     any court to the contrary are hereby legislatively
     overruled;



     We concur in the trial court's finding that the mother has

"willfully   abandoned"   her   children,       as   that   term    is   defined

statutorily. This conclusion is amply supported by the information

available in the record.    It is abundantly clear that termination

of the mother's parental rights, which will allow the children to

be placed in a more stable and secure permanent home, is in the

children's best interests under the distressing circumstances of

this case.



     We affirm the judgment of the trial court.                    The case is

remanded for such other and further action as may be necessary.

Costs on appeal are assessed to the appellant.




                                                 __________________________
                                                 Don T. McMurray, Judge


CONCUR:


                                   8
___________________________________
Houston M. Goddard, Presiding Judge



___________________________________
Charles D. Susano, Jr., Judge




                               9
                     IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                           AT KNOXVILLE




STATE OF TENNESSEE,           )      HAMILTON JUVENILE
DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN'S      )      C.A. NO. 03A01-9710-JV-00485
SERVICES,                     )
                              )
        Petitioner-Appellee   )
                              )
                              )
vs.                           )
                              )
                              )
                              )
                              )
GAIL DENISE EPPS,             )
                              )      HON. SUZANNE BAILEY
         Respondent-Appellant )      JUDGE
                              )
                              )
                              )
                              )
                              )
IN THE MATTER OF:             )
                              )
DEANTWUNG DAVE,               )
REKENDRIA DAVE, and           )
LEBRON EPPS,                  )
                              )      AFFIRMED AND REMANDED
Children under eighteen years )
of age                        )



                               JUDGMENT


     This appeal came on to be heard upon the record from the

Juvenile Court of Hamilton County, and briefs filed on behalf of

the respective parties.    Upon consideration thereof, this Court is

of opinion that there was no reversible error in the trial court.
    We affirm the judgment of the trial court.     The case is

remanded for such other and further action as may be necessary.

Costs on appeal are assessed to the appellant.



                                   PER CURIAM
