                            STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

                          SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS


Joseph Bruce Ragione,
Plaintiff Below, Petitioner                                                       FILED
                                                                              January 5, 2018
vs) No. 17-0037 (Preston County 16-C-144)                                    EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
                                                                             SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                 OF WEST VIRGINIA
The Board of Education
of Preston County,
Defendant Below, Respondent


                              MEMORANDUM DECISION
       Petitioner and plaintiff below Joseph Bruce Ragione, by counsel Steven L. Shaffer and C.
Paul Estep, appeals the Circuit Court of Preston County’s December 16, 2016, order that
dismissed petitioner’s amended complaint. Respondent and defendant below Board of Education
of Preston County (“Board”), by counsel Kimberly S. Croyle and Michael C. Cardi, filed a
response in support of the circuit court’s order. Petitioner submitted a reply.

        This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

        In July of 2012, petitioner applied for an advertised mechanic position with the Board.
Petitioner alleges that, after he was contacted by the Assistant Superintendent for an interview,
he advised the Board that he would only leave his current employment for $35,000 per year. He
contends that, during a subsequent interview, the Assistant Superintendent and the Board’s
Transportation Director informed him that the Board would credit him with twenty-eight years of
work experience and pay him approximately $35,000 per year if he could get certain forms
completed by former employers. Petitioner was thereafter approved for employment as a
mechanic to be paid at Pay Grade F, which took into consideration his twenty-eight years of
work experience, for the 2012-13 school year. Petitioner’s salary was set at approximately
$35,000. Petitioner’s contract with the Board for the following school year also provided for an
annual salary of approximately $35,000.

       Petitioner was subsequently advised that, effective July 1, 2014, the twenty-eight years of
work experience credit that was granted to petitioner by the Board would no longer be
considered for purposes of calculating his salary and, as a result his pay, was reduced by
approximately $11,000 per year.


                                                1

       Petitioner timely initiated an employment grievance under the grievance procedure, see
West Virginia Code § 6C-2-1, challenging the rescission of the twenty-eight year prior work
experience credit. Petitioner’s grievance was denied at each level, including at Level III,
following a hearing on December 3, 2015. In a decision dated February 12, 2016, the West
Virginia Public Employees Grievance Board (“Grievance Board”) determined that the award of
experience credit for private sector experience was taken by the Board’s then-superintendent,
Larry Parsons, without involvement of either the Board or the West Virginia State Board of
Education (“State Board”), which, at all times relevant, had taken over the supervision of Preston
County schools. Thus, the Grievance Board concluded, the decision of the Board, by its then
superintendent, to grant petitioner prior private sector experience credit was an ultra vires act.
For this reason, petitioner’s grievance was denied. The Grievance Board’s February 12, 2016,
decision stated that “[a]ny party may appeal this Decision to the Circuit Court of Kanawha
County. Any such appeal must be filed within thirty (30) days of receipt of this Decision. See
W.Va. Code § 6C-2-5.”

        Instead of appealing the Grievance Board’s decision, petitioner filed a complaint in
circuit court, alleging that, by eliminating his prior private work experience and reducing his
yearly pay, the Board breached its contract with petitioner. Thereafter, the Board filed a motion
to dismiss based upon petitioner’s failure to exhaust his administrative remedies by failing to
appeal the Grievance Board decision denying his grievance. Petitioner filed a response and also
moved to amend his complaint. Following a hearing, the circuit court granted petitioner’s motion
to amend and set another hearing on the motion to dismiss.

        Petitioner thereafter filed an amended complaint that alleged the same facts as the
original complaint and, in addition to breach of contract, asserted claims of fraudulent
inducement, civil conspiracy, and unjust enrichment. The Board filed a motion to dismiss the
amended complaint. A hearing was conducted and, by order entered December 16, 2016, the
circuit court granted the Board’s motion. The circuit court dismissed petitioner’s breach of
contract, fraudulent inducement, and unjust enrichment claims under Rule 12(b)(1) of the West
Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure1 because petitioner failed to appeal the level three Grievance
Board decision denying his grievance and, thus, failed to exhaust his administrative remedies.
The circuit court also dismissed petitioner’s civil conspiracy claim under Rule 12(b)(6) for
failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted, on the basis that the individuals
named in the amended complaint were employees of the Board and, as such, could not conspire
with the Board, their employer and a corporation. See Cook v. Hecks, Inc., 176 W. Va. 368, 375,
342 S.E.2d 453, 460 (1986) (holding that a corporation “can act only through its agents or
employees” and “cannot conspire with their corporate principal or employer where they act in
       1
           Under Rule 12(b)(1) of the West Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure,

       [e]very defense, in law or fact, to a claim for relief in any pleading, whether a
       claim, counterclaim, cross-claim, or third-party claim, shall be asserted in the
       responsive pleading thereto if one is required, except that the following defenses
       may at the option of the pleader be made by motion: (1) lack of jurisdiction over
       the subject matter[.]



                                                 2

their official capacities on behalf of the corporation and not as individuals for their individual
advantage.”). This appeal followed.

        It is well established that “[a]ppellate review of a circuit court’s order granting a motion
to dismiss a complaint is de novo.” Syl. Pt. 2, State ex rel. McGraw v. Scott Runyan Pontiac-
Buick, Inc., 194 W. Va. 770, 461 S.E.2d 516 (1995).

         On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in granting the Board’s motion to
dismiss under Rule 12(b)(1) as to his breach of contract, fraudulent inducement, and unjust
enrichment claims.2 Petitioner contends that the court’s ruling misinterprets the language of West
Virginia Code § 6C-2-5(a) and (b), and that, as a result, violated his constitutional right to a jury
trial. See U.S. Const. amend. VII; W.Va. Const. art. III, § 1. Under West Virginia Code § 6C-2­
5(a) and (b), “(a) The decision of the administrative law judge is final upon the parties and is
enforceable in the Circuit Court of Kanawha County. (b) A party may appeal the decision of the
administrative law judge . . . [.]” Id. in relevant part. Petitioner argues that this Court should
interpret the term “may” in this statutory language in a manner similar to its holding in syllabus
point six of Weimer v. Sanders, in which it held that “[a] public employee may file a written
grievance to the West Virginia Public Employee Grievance Board pursuant to W.Va. Code § 6C­
2-4(a)(1) (2008) (Repl.Vol.2010); however, such filing is permissive and not mandatory under
the clear wording of the statute.” 232 W. Va. 367, 752 S.E.2d 398 (2015). Petitioner argues that
this Court should similarly hold that, under West Virginia Code § 6C-2-5(a) and (b), a party
should be permitted, but not be required, to appeal a decision of the Grievance Board to the
Circuit Court of Kanawha County “before he is entitled to bring a civil action[.]”

        We find petitioner’s argument to be without merit. One of the issues in Weimer was
whether a public employee who initiated proceedings under the grievance procedure was
precluded, while the grievance process was still pending, from instituting a circuit court action
alleging that her employer refused to provide reasonable accommodation for her disability.
Reasoning that the differences between the grievance procedure and the procedures employed by
either a court or the Human Rights Commission are “of profound significance,”3 we held that
“[a] civil action commenced in circuit court under the West Virginia Human Rights Act, W.Va.
Code § 5-11-1 et seq., is not precluded by a grievance that was filed with, but not decided by the
West Virginia Education and State Employees Grievance Board, W.Va. Code § 6C-2-1 et seq.,
and arising out of the same facts and circumstances.” 232 W. Va. at 370, 752 S.E.2d at 401, syl.
pt. 12. See also Syl. Pt. 3, Vest v. Board of Education of County of Nicholas, 193 W. Va. 222,
455 S.E.2d 781 (1995) (holding that “[a] civil action filed under the West Virginia Human
Rights Act, W.Va. Code, 5-11-1, et seq., is not precluded by a prior grievance decided by the
West Virginia Education and State Employees Grievance Board arising out of the same facts and
circumstances.”).4


       2
           Petitioner has not appealled the dismissal of his civil conspiracy claim.
       3
           Weimer, 232 W.Va. at 377, 752 S.E.2d at 408.
       4
       In Vest, the grievant alleged that she was terminated based upon gender discrimination.
We reasoned that a claim brought under the grievance procedure did not preclude a claim
                                                   3

         Petitioner’s argument that his case should be similarly decided ignores our subsequent
decisions in Subramani v. West Virginia University Board of Governors, No. 14-0924, 2015 WL
7628720 (W.Va. Nov. 20, 2015) (memorandum decision), and Redd v. McDowell County Board
of Education, No. 15-0566, 2016 WL 2970303 (W.Va. May 20, 2016) (memorandum decision).
In both cases, the grievants initiated grievance proceedings but did not appeal adverse level three
decisions. Instead, the grievants filed civil actions in circuit court. Neither grievant’s circuit court
claims alleged violations of the West Virginia Human Rights Act, which distinguished them
from Weimer and Vest. 5 This Court determined, in both Subramani and Redd, that the grievants’
claims fell within the express jurisdiction of the Grievance Board and were properly dismissed
for failure to exhaust administrative remedies.

        As in Redd and Subramani, petitioner’s claims herein do not involve alleged violations of
the West Virginia Human Rights Act and, thus, do not fall within this exception to the
exhaustion of administrative remedies. Rather, petitioner’s claims of breach of contract,
fraudulent inducement, and unjust enrichment fall within the grievance procedure. See West
Virginia Code § 6C-2-2(i)(1) (defining “[g]rievance” as “a claim by an employee alleging a
violation, a misapplication or a misinterpretation of the statutes, policies, rules or written
agreements applicable to the employee including: (i) Any violation, misapplication, or
misinterpretation regarding compensation, hours, terms and conditions of employment,
employment status or discrimination[.]”). Accordingly, we find that petitioner’s claims were
properly dismissed under Rule 12(b)(1).

       For the foregoing reasons, we affirm.

                                                                                             Affirmed.



ISSUED: January 5, 2018


brought under the West Virginia Human Rights Act because the grievance procedures are not
substantially similar to those employed by a court or the Human Rights Commission and, further,
because “discrimination” is defined slightly differently under the grievance and human rights
statutes. 193 W. Va. at 226-27, 455 S.E.2d at 785-86.
       5
         In Subramani, the grievant filed grievances under the grievance procedure related to his
employer’s failure to promote him to the rank of full professor. His subsequent claims in circuit
court alleged due process violations and that his case did not receive a full, fair, and impartial
review under the grievance statute. Id. at *4. In Redd, the grievant instituted grievance
proceedings relating to her failure to be hired into administrative positions at the high school
where she worked and from where she transferred to another school into a classroom teacher
position. Her remaining circuit court claims (following an earlier dismissal of her federal and
state sexual and racial discrimination claims) alleged violations of state laws regulating her
employer’s employment decisions about “professional personnel at a school in various stages of
intervention and/or improvement.” Id. at *4.


                                                   4

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Allen H. Loughry II
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker

DISQUALIFIED:

Justice Margaret L. Workman




                                    5
