                      In The
                Court of Appeals
  Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana


                     No. 06-16-00001-CV



       CARL STORCK AND VICKI STORCK, Appellants

                              V.

TRES LAGOS PROPERTY OWNERS ASSOCIATION, INC., Appellee



            On Appeal from the 62nd District Court
                  Franklin County, Texas
                   Trial Court No. 10,964




         Before Morriss, C.J., Moseley and Burgess, JJ.
         Memorandum Opinion by Chief Justice Morriss
                                       MEMORANDUM OPINION
         In May 2013, the Tres Lagos Property Owners’ Association, Inc. (the Association), was

awarded a money judgment against Carl and Vicki Storck, including attorney fees. Following the

2015 final disposition of the Storcks’ appeal of that judgment and a subsequent release of the

judgment purportedly executed by the Association,1 the Storcks filed a motion to release the

$13,588.70 cash supersedeas bond that had been deposited by them in the registry of the trial court

to suspend the collection of the judgment pending appeal. In response, on November 2, 2015, a

petition in intervention was filed in the underlying lawsuit seeking various things, including an

order to pay the Storck funds to the Association’s attorney as a credit against the attorney fees

awarded to the Association against the Storcks.2 The trial court denied the Storcks’ motion to

strike the attorney’s intervention and ordered that the funds be paid to the attorney.3


1
 The original judgment was appealed to this Court. See generally Storck v. Tres Lagos Prop. Owners Ass’n, Inc., 442
S.W.3d 730 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2014, pet. denied). Following the issuance of our appellate opinion, a separate
trial court proceeding was held in which the Storcks successfully challenged the actions of the Association’s board of
directors on the basis of irregularities in the elections of several of the members of its governing board. In light of the
judgment in the subsequent case, which the Storcks argued impacted issues involved in the appeal from the original
judgment, the Association signed a release of the original judgment. Armed with this release, the Storcks moved to
have the supersedeas bond returned to them.
2
 The petition to intervene was filed by the Association’s counsel, Larry R. Wright, asking the court to (1) declare that
the Association held the judgment against the Storcks under a constructive trust for his benefit, (2) declare that the
release was void, (3) set aside the Association’s release of the original judgment, and (4) release the Storcks’ cash
bond to him as partial payment of the attorney fees awarded in the original judgment against the Storcks. Wright
argued that the Association’s release of the original judgment was invalid because (1) the Association “released the
judgment for no consideration,” constituting an improper “disposition of assets of a Not For Profit Corporation,” (2)
the release of the original judgment was improperly signed by the Treasurer instead of the President of the board of
directors, and (3) the release of the original judgment was “an ultra vires act outside the scope of authority of the board
of directors and was done in violation of the best interest of the members of the [Association].” Another release,
executed by the board’s President, was later executed and filed. In a separate lawsuit against the Association, on May
26, 2016, Wright obtained a judgment against the Association in the sum of $45,000.00, plus court costs and post-
judgment interest.
3
 On December 4, 2015, after a brief hearing comprising nine pages of transcript, the trial court granted Wright’s post-
judgment intervention, entered a declaratory judgment that the original judgment was held by the Association in

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         On appeal from that order, the Storcks argue, among other things, that the post-judgment

intervention was improper because it was filed too late. We agree. Specifically, we conclude that

the petition for intervention was filed after the trial court’s plenary power expired, rendering the

intervention untimely and making void the order signed in connection with the intervention.

Accordingly, we vacate the trial court’s order and dismiss this appeal.

         The Texas “intervention doctrine is expansive[,] but not without limits. Under Texas law,

a third party ‘is not required to secure the court’s permission to intervene.’” State v. Naylor, 466

S.W.3d 783, 788 (Tex. 2015) (quoting Guar. Fed. Sav. Bank v. Horseshoe Operating Co., 793

S.W.2d 652, 657 (Tex. 1990) (citations omitted)). “Any party may intervene by filing a pleading,

subject to being stricken . . . by the court for sufficient cause on the motion of any party.” TEX. R.

CIV. P. 60.

         “Yet while the rules require no judicial permission and impose no intervention deadline,

our common law dictates that a party may not intervene post-judgment unless the trial court first

sets aside the judgment.” Naylor, 466 S.W.3d at 788 (citing First Alief Bank v. White, 682 S.W.2d

251, 252 (Tex. 1984) (“[A] plea in intervention comes too late if filed after judgment and may not

be considered unless and until the judgment has been set aside.” (Citations omitted))); see Comal

Cty. Rural High Sch. Dist. v. Nelson, 314 S.W.2d 956, 957 (Tex. 1958). “Judicial action taken

after the expiration of the trial court’s jurisdiction is a nullity, and any orders signed outside the

court’s plenary jurisdiction are void.” Douglas-Peters v. Choe, Holen, Yoo & Burchfiel, P.C.,



constructive trust for Wright in payment for his attorney fees, declared the release of the original judgment void, and
ordered the proceeds of the cash bond released to Wright. The trial court found the release invalid and “affirmed in
all respects” its judgment. See id.
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No. 05-10-00208-CV, 2010 WL 4946612, at *1 (Tex. App.—Dallas Dec. 7, 2010, no pet.) (mem.

op.) (citing Malone v. Hampton, 182 S.W.3d 465, 468 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, no pet.)).

       Here, the trial court’s original judgment was signed in May 2013. Wright’s petition in

intervention was filed in November 2015 at a time when the trial court’s plenary power had long

since expired. Wright acknowledges that, “[a]s a general rule, one cannot intervene after a final

judgment.” Yet, he argues that an exception to the rule applies, as discussed in Breazeale v.

Casteel, 4 S.W.3d 434, 437 (Tex. App.—Austin 1999, pet. denied) and Lerma v. Forbes, 166

S.W.3d 889, 893 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2005, pet. denied.). We examine these cases to explain our

disagreement with Wright’s position.

       In Breazeale, the Austin Court of Appeals determined that post-judgment intervention “is

not necessarily barred after the trial court has rendered final judgment where the intervenor does

not attack the substance of the judgment itself, but merely seeks to protect his interest in property

that is the subject of a turnover motion.” Breazeale, 4 S.W.3d at 437. Breazeale involved a

situation entirely different than the one before us. There, Lori Breazeale recovered a final

judgment in a lawsuit against Casteel. Id. at 435. Six years later, she filed a motion for turnover

in the same action seeking an interest in a lawsuit Casteel was pursuing against Crown Life

Insurance Company. Id. Because Casteel had previously assigned his interest in that lawsuit to

third parties, the third-party assignees filed petitions in intervention to protect their own interests

in any judgment that Casteel may have recovered against Crown. Id. Breazeale argued that the

trial court should not have allowed the intervention, but the Austin court disagreed. The Austin

court reasoned (1) that Breazeale, who had a final judgment, filed a proper turnover action, (2) that

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the assignee intervenors were seeking to protect their interests in the claims that were the focus of

the turnover motion filed by Breazeale, and (3) that the intervention did not seek to attack the

substance, validity, or enforceability of the judgment awarded to Breazeale. Likewise, in Lerma,

the El Paso Court of Appeals relied on the Texas turnover statute in finding that the trial court

properly allowed post-judgment intervention. Lerma, 166 S.W.3d at 893.4

         Breazeale and Lerma both allowed post-judgment intervention in cases where a judgment

creditor was properly invoking the Texas turnover statute and was not seeking to alter the merits

of the case in which he intervened. Here, by contrast, Wright is not a judgment creditor, did not

attempt to invoke the Texas turnover statute, does not appear to meet the requirements to use that

statute, and sought to alter the trial court’s original judgment by asking the court to declare that it

was held by the Association for his benefit. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 31.002

(West 2015); Murrco Agency, Inc. v. Ryan, 800 S.W.2d 600, 603 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1990, no

pet.) (Section 38.001 not intended to award attorney fees directly to party’s attorney, but to client).

In cases more akin to the one before us, our sister court of appeals in Dallas has distinguished

Breazeale and Lerma, “and found them to be inapplicable when, as in this case, an attorney or law

firm seeks fees incurred in representing one of the parties in the underlying case.” Douglas-Peters,


4
 There, Landmark Organization, L.P., sued Lerma’s brother. Lerma, 166 S.W.3d at 891. Lerma, along with other
attorneys, represented his brother in the lawsuit. After the trial court entered final judgment, Lerma filed a petition in
intervention because his brother refused to pay his attorney fees. Id. The trial court severed the petition in intervention
and renumbered the suit in a new cause. Id. The matter was referred to arbitration, where Lerma was represented by
Stewart Forbes. Id. Lerma obtained an arbitration award in his favor, plus $47,795.65 in attorney fees. Id. The trial
court entered judgment in accordance with the arbitration award. Id. Because Lerma (ironically) refused to pay
Forbes, Forbes filed a post-judgment petition in intervention stating a suit on sworn account, breach of contract,
equitable assignment, and constructive trust claims. Id. The trial court severed Forbes’ claims into a new action and
entered judgment for Forbes on the balance due to him. Id. at 891–92. It further denied Lerma’s motion to strike
Forbes’ intervention. Id. at 892. In affirming the denial of the motion for intervention, the El Paso court invoked and
applied Breazeale. Id. at 893.
                                                            5
2010 WL 4946612, at *2 (citing Gore v. Peck, 191 S.W.3d 927, 928 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, no

pet.); Malone, 182 S.W.3d at 469).

          In Douglas-Peters, the Dallas Court of Appeals wrote:

          As was the case in both Gore and Malone, the Firm is seeking attorney’s fees
          incurred in representing Douglas–Peters in the underlying suit. In Gore, we stated
          “seeking attorney’s fees for services rendered was a part of the [underlying] suit[”;]
          therefore, the Firm is “seeking to alter the underlying judgment, and Breazeale does
          not apply.” See Gore, 191 S.W.3d at 928–29. We also note the El Paso Court of
          Appeals has issued an opinion limiting its holding in Lerma. See Attorney Gen. of
          Tex. v. Casner, 224 S.W.3d 216, 221 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2004, no pet.) (“the
          Breazeale Court clearly limited its holding to post-judgment motions for turnover
          relief.”).

Douglas-Peters, 2010 WL 4946612, at *2. We agree with that reasoning.

          Because Wright’s petition for intervention was filed after the trial court’s plenary power

expired, and because the Breazeale/Lerma exception does not apply and should not be extended

to this situation, the intervention was untimely, and the trial court order signed in connection with

the intervention is void. Accordingly, we vacate the December 4, 2015, order and dismiss this

appeal.



                                                 Josh R. Morriss, III
                                                 Chief Justice

Date Submitted:          September 8, 2016
Date Decided:            October 7, 2016




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