[Cite as State v. Pettway, 2013-Ohio-2542.]


                 Court of Appeals of Ohio
                                EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                   COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA


                               JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
                                        No. 99211




                                       STATE OF OHIO
                                                       PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE

                                                 vs.

                                  TIMOTHY PETTWAY
                                                       DEFENDANT-APPELLANT




                                              JUDGMENT:
                                               AFFIRMED



                                    Criminal Appeal from the
                             Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                                      Case No. CR-498474


        BEFORE: Celebrezze, P.J., Kilbane, J., and McCormack, J.

        RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: June 20, 2013
FOR APPELLANT

Timothy Pettway, pro se
Inmate No. 550-655
Toledo Correctional Institution
2001 East Central Avenue
Toledo, Ohio 43608


ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE

Timothy J. McGinty
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Mary H. McGrath
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney
The Justice Center
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., P.J.:

       {¶1} Appellant, Timothy Pettway, appeals from the denial of his postconviction

relief petition without a hearing. He argues the trial court was required to hold a hearing

on his petition, his original trial counsel was constitutionally ineffective, and claims

several other constitutional errors relating to pretrial issues. After a thorough review of

the record and law, we affirm.

                           I. Factual and Procedural History

       {¶2} The factual and procedural history has been recounted by this court in detail

in appellant’s direct appeal, State v. Pettway, 8th Dist. No. 91716, 2009-Ohio-4544, ¶

2-31 (“Pettway I”). Look to it for an explanation of the underlying criminal case.

       {¶3} For purposes of this appeal, the following procedural history is relevant. In

July 2007, appellant was indicted for the aggravated murder and robbery of Christopher

Mitchell. Appellant was convicted of the lesser-included offense of murder with one-

and three-year firearm specifications and sentenced to serve 18 years to life in prison.

       {¶4} After this court affirmed his convictions and sentence in Pettway I, appellant

filed numerous writs and motions. On January 27, 2009, appellant filed a motion for

postconviction relief.    There he alleged that a key witness, codefendant Joseph

McGowen, recanted and attached a supporting affidavit from McGowen.                 He also

claimed McGowen could not testify against him, citing the Sixth Amendment. Appellant

went on to argue his speedy trial rights were violated, his indictment was defective, and
he was not indicted within ten days of arrest, as required by Crim.R. 5. The state filed a

brief in opposition on February 2, 2009.

       {¶5} While his appeal to this court and his postconviction relief petition were

pending, appellant filed a motion for new trial on March 12, 2009. There, he argued that

McGowen’s affidavit recanting his trial testimony required a new trial. After this court

affirmed his convictions in Pettway I, appellant filed a motion to vacate void judgment on

July 9, 2010. This motion was denied January 18, 2011.

       {¶6} Next, on November 10, 2011, appellant filed a motion to amend his

postconviction petition pursuant to R.C. 2953.21(F), to include ineffective assistance of

counsel and improper jury instruction claims. The state again opposed the motion. The

trial court did not rule on this motion for some time, but it denied appellant’s motion for a

new trial on March 13, 2012. Appellant filed several more motions, which were all

denied by the trial court.

       {¶7} Appellant appealed from the March 13, 2012 journal entry on June 5, 2012.

He also appealed from the denial of his motion to vacate void judgment entered April 16,

2012. This court dismissed the appeals as untimely and for failure to file the record.

       {¶8} Appellant next appealed from the denial of a motion to “remand sentencing

for the limited purpose of allowing defendant to move trial court for a waiver of payment

of court costs,” which the court denied on July 27, 2012.

       {¶9} Then on November 2, 2012, the trial court filed findings of facts and

conclusions of law denying appellant’s postconviction relief petition and amended
petition. Appellant then timely appealed, pro se, to this court citing eight assignments of

error.1

                                   II. Law and Analysis

                                       A. Res judicata

          {¶10} Assigned errors II through VIII are barred by res judicata. The doctrine of

res judicata involves both claim preclusion, which historically has been called estoppel by

judgment, and issue preclusion, which has been referred to as collateral estoppel. Grava

v. Parkman Twp., 73 Ohio St.3d 379, 381, 1995-Ohio-331, 653 N.E.2d 226. Under the

claim preclusion branch of res judicata, “[a] valid, final judgment rendered upon the

merits bars all subsequent actions based upon any claim arising out of the transaction or

occurrence that was the subject matter of the previous action.” Id. at the syllabus. See

also Black’s Law Dictionary 1305 (6th Ed.1990) (defining res judicata as a “[r]ule that a

final judgment rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction on the merits is conclusive

as to the rights of the parties and their privies, and, as to them, constitutes an absolute bar

to a subsequent action involving the same claim, demand or cause of action”). Issue

preclusion, or collateral estoppel, precludes relitigation of an issue that has been “actually

and necessarily litigated and determined in a prior action.”      Krahn v. Kinney, 43 Ohio

St.3d 103, 107, 538 N.E.2d 1058 (1989).




          1   Appellant’s assignments of error are included in the appendix to this
opinion.
       {¶11} In Grava, the court stated that the doctrine of res judicata bars not only

subsequent actions involving the same legal theory of recovery as the previous action, but

also claims that could have been litigated in the previous action. Id. at 382. The Ohio

Supreme Court has applied this doctrine to postconviction relief petitions. State v. Perry,

10 Ohio St.2d 175, 226 N.E.2d 104 (1967), paragraph eight of the syllabus.

       {¶12} The postconviction relief statute, R.C. 2953.21, generally requires the

presentation of evidence outside of the record because it creates a civil collateral attack

on the conviction that may not properly be argued in a direct appeal.2 Therefore, when

an appeal is taken and arguments that could have been advanced there are instead

presented in a postconviction relief petition, the issues are barred by res judicata. Perry

at 180-181.

       {¶13} Appellant’s claims of ineffective assistance of counsel depend on counsel’s

performance at trial and were known at the time of the direct appeal. Arguments going to

ineffectiveness advanced in appellant’s postconviction relief petition do not depend on

evidence outside of the record. Therefore, claims of ineffectiveness of counsel should

have been raised in Pettway I. Those claims are barred by res judicata.

       {¶14} Appellant’s arguments concerning speedy trial and other pretrial procedural

deficiencies are similarly barred. All the claims appellant raises in his fourth and fifth

assignments of error are based on information known at the time of trial and direct appeal.


       2 The statute offers another possible avenue of attack where a new
constitutional right has been recognized. State v. Lott, 97 Ohio St.3d 303,
2002-Ohio-6625, 779 N.E.2d 1011, ¶ 19.
 Therefore, they are also barred by res judicata. The same is true regarding issues of jury

instructions alleged in the sixth assignment of error and the trial court’s ability to sentence

appellant in his eighth assignment of error.

       {¶15} Appellant’s second through eighth assignments of error are issues that

should have been raised in his direct appeal and cannot serve as the basis for relief in a

postconviction petition. Therefore, assignments of error two through eight are overruled.

                               B. Failure to Hold a Hearing

       {¶16} In his first assignment of error, appellant claims the trial court erred in

denying his motion for new trial without holding a hearing. However, the journal entry

appellant appeals from is the denial of his postconviction relief petition. The denial of

his motion for new trial occurred on March 13, 2012. Any argument going to the denial

of that motion is untimely because his appeal was filed on November 26, 2012, he did not

seek leave to file a delayed appeal, and he did not appeal from that journal entry in his

notice of appeal. Therefore, we will address this error as it relates to his postconviction

relief petition.

       {¶17} A postconviction relief proceeding is a collateral civil attack on a criminal

conviction. As such, a defendant’s right to postconviction relief is not a constitutional

right, but is a right created by statute. Therefore, a petitioner receives no more rights

than those granted by the statute. State v. Calhoun, 86 Ohio St.3d 279, 1999-Ohio-102,

714 N.E.2d 905.

       {¶18} R.C. 2953.21(A) provides:
       Any person convicted of a criminal offense or adjudged delinquent claiming
       that there was such a denial or infringement of his rights as to render the
       judgment void or voidable under the Ohio Constitution or the Constitution
       of the United States, may file a petition at any time in the court which
       imposed sentence, stating the grounds for relief upon, and asking the court
       to vacate or set aside the judgment or sentence or to grant other appropriate
       relief. The petitioner may file such supporting affidavit and other
       documentary evidence as will support his claim for relief.

       {¶19} A trial court may dismiss a petition for postconviction relief without first

holding an evidentiary hearing. State ex rel. Jackson v. McMonagle, 67 Ohio St.3d 450,

1993-Ohio-143, 619 N.E.2d 1017. The trial court may do so where it determines the

petition, supporting affidavits, documentary evidence, files, and the record do not

demonstrate the petitioner set forth sufficient operative facts to establish substantive

grounds for relief. Calhoun at paragraph two of the syllabus. The claim must also

depend on factual allegations that cannot be determined by an examination of the files

and records of the case. State v. Milanovich, 42 Ohio St.2d 46, 325 N.E.2d 540 (1975),

paragraph one of the syllabus. Further, the trial court may discount the credibility of

self-serving affidavits, but when it does, it should include an explanation of its basis for

doing so in its findings of fact and conclusions of law so that meaningful appellate review

may occur. Calhoun at 285.

       {¶20} Relief, however, is not available when the issue has been litigated on appeal

or on a motion for a new trial. State v. Walden, 19 Ohio App.3d 141, 146, 483 N.E.2d

859 (10th Dist.1984).

       {¶21} We review the denial of appellant’s petition for an abuse of discretion.

State v. Stone, 2d Dist. No. 2011 CA 96, 2012-Ohio-4755, ¶ 22, citing State v. Wells, 2d
Dist. No. 2010 CA 5, 2010-Ohio-3238, ¶ 11. To constitute an abuse of discretion, the

ruling must be unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5

Ohio St.3d 217, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).

       {¶22} Appellant’s claims relating to codefendant McGowen’s recantation were

previously litigated in his motion for a new trial. Therefore, they are also barred by res

judicata. See Walden at 146. Even if they were not, the trial court discounted the

credibility of McGowen’s affidavit and set out sufficient reasons for doing so in its

findings of fact and conclusions of law.

       {¶23} Conversely, if McGowen’s affidavit is given full credit, it only indicates that

McGowen did not witness appellant assault Mitchell with a baseball bat. The affidavit

does state that McGowen heard a gunshot while appellant and Mitchell were involved in

an altercation in the next room. At trial, Elizabeth Wilson and Jillian Emenhiser testified

that appellant admitted to shooting Mitchell, and the coroner provided testimony that the

gunshot wound was fatal. Therefore, the recantation by McGowen was insufficient to

demonstrate a serious constitutional deficiency that would require a hearing on

appellant’s petition.

       {¶24} Appellant offered nothing the trial court could consider as proper grounds

for a postconviction relief petition. Appellant’s claims were all barred by res judicata.

Therefore, the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it denied appellant’s petition

without holding a hearing.

                                    III. Conclusion
      {¶25} The arguments appellant advanced in his petition for postconviction relief

were barred by res judicata. As such, the trial court properly denied his petition without

holding a hearing.

      {¶26} Judgment affirmed.

      It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.

      The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

      It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common

pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. Case remanded to the trial court for

execution of sentence.

      A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of

the Rules of Appellate Procedure.



FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., PRESIDING JUDGE

MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J., and
TIM McCORMACK, J., CONCUR
                                      APPENDIX

Appellant’s assignments of error:

      I. The trial court erred in denying appellant’s motion for trial without an
      evidentiary hearing.

      II. Trial counsel was ineffective and [sic] that by adopting an affirmative
      defense (self defense), and then failing to call forth the appellant to testify
      in his own defense.

      III. Trial counsel was ineffective by failing to request that the trial court
      issue jury instructions of manslaughter.
IV. Appellant’s sixth amendment rights were violated where he was jailed
for 11 months in lieu of bail before commencement of the trial and the
defendant never waived his rights to a speedy trial.

V. Appellant’s constitutional right to due process was violated when he
was denied his initial preliminary hearing within the statutory ten day period
pursuant to ORC 2945.71(C)(1).

VI. The trial counsel erred when instructing the jury outside the scope of
CR 421.19 pursuant to the Ohio Jury Instructions Criminal Handbook as it
related to self defense.

VII. Trial counsel was ineffective for failing to motion for mistrial when
the jury was deadlocked as to the charged offense in count one but moved
on to find the defendant guilty of the lesser included offense under count
one.

VIII. The trial court erred were single judge lacked the authority to
sentence the defendant in a capital case were [sic] there was no amendment
to the indictment deleting the death penalty specification.
