                                NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.




                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-4431-17T3

CONCEPTS TV
PRODUCTIONS, LLC,

          Plaintiff-Respondent/
          Cross-Appellant,

v.

STEPHEN N. SHARPE,

          Defendant-Appellant,

and

ELITE TITLE GROUP, LLC,
WESTCOR LAND TITLE
INSURANCE COMPANY,

          Defendants/Cross-
          Respondents,

and

TOWNSHIP OF MONTVILLE,

     Defendant-Respondent.
______________________________

                    Argued telephonically August 1, 2019 – Decided August 27, 2019
            Before Judges Whipple and Firko.

            On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
            Division, Morris County, Docket No. L-2490-16.

            Glenn R. Cochran argued the cause for appellant.

            Mark Joseph Brancato argued the cause for
            respondent/cross-appellant (Mc Hugh & Brancato,
            LLP, attorneys; Mark Joseph Brancato, on the brief).

            Dennis Joseph Francis argued the cause for cross-
            respondent Elite Title Group, LLC.

            Russell M. Finestein argued the cause for cross-
            respondent Westcor Land Title Insurance Company
            (Finestein & Malloy, LLC, attorneys; Russell M.
            Finestein and Daniel L. Finestein, on the brief).

            Dorsey & Semrau, attorneys for respondent Township
            of Montville (Dawn M. Sullivan, on the brief).

PER CURIAM

      Defendant Steven N. Sharpe (Sharpe) appeals from a February 6, 2018

order granting summary judgment in favor of plaintiff Concepts TV

Productions, LLC (Concepts). Sharpe also appeals from a May 3, 2018 order

denying reconsideration of the February 6, 2018 order. Concepts cross-appeals

a portion of the February 6, 2018 order requiring it to pay escrowed funds to the

Township of Montville (Montville). We reverse the February 6, 2018 order

granting summary judgment as against Sharpe and affirm the portion of the order


                                                                         A-4431-17T3
                                       2
requiring Concepts to pay escrowed funds to Montville. We need not reach the

denial of reconsideration entered on May 3, 2017.

      We discern the following facts from the record.         In 2002, Sharpe

purchased a vacant commercial property known as 53 Indian Lane East in

Montville. Sharpe filed for and secured the necessary approvals from various

government bodies in order to construct a two-story commercial building.

Based on his construction plans, Montville calculated the water and sewer

connection fees and stamped "MUA connections fees due at time of actual

connection" on the permit application.      Sharpe began construction of the

building but did not complete it. Sharpe continued to improve the property and

sought temporary water service from Montville in the spring of 2014. Sharpe

sought to avoid paying the water connection fee because the building was only

a shell and he only wanted to irrigate the landscape.       On May 27, 2014,

Montville approved Sharpe's application for temporary water service and

installed a temporary water meter on the premises. According to Montville's

construction file entry of May 22, 2014, Montville "[s]et up [an] inactive

account will pay connection fee of $31,493.00 when building is sold, in contract

new owners to pay fees[.]" Montville turned off the temporary water service in

January 2015 and billed Sharpe for the water he used and Sharpe paid the bill in


                                                                        A-4431-17T3
                                       3
full.   In the spring of 2015, Sharpe found a prospective purchaser for the

property. Following negotiations, he entered into a written sales contingency

agreement with a religious organization.

        According to Sharpe, the religious organization discovered the connection

fee issue when it conducted its own due diligence inquiries and agreed to pay

the connection fee upon closing. After executing the contract with the religious

organization, Sharpe approached Montville to reactivate the temporary water

service so he could irrigate the landscape. Montville refused, saying connection

fees were due in full before the water service would be re-established. Sharpe

informed Montville that his buyer had agreed to pay the connection fees.

Montville refused Sharpe's request for temporary water.          Ultimately, the

religious organization exercised its option to terminate the agreement because it

did not meet funding contingencies.

        In August 2015, Concepts contracted with Sharpe to purchase the

property. According to the real estate sales agreement between Sharpe and

Concepts, the property was being sold "as is" and Concepts had thirty days to

conduct the necessary due diligence. Concepts hired Charles Dietz, an architect,

to conduct the due diligence inquiries. The record contains no report from Dietz,

and during a deposition, Concepts's owner testified she was unaware of what


                                                                         A-4431-17T3
                                        4
inquiries, if any, were made. In preparation for closing, Concepts retained Elite

Title Group, LLC (Elite), as a policy-issuing agent of Westcor Land Title

Insurance Company (Westcor), to issue an owner's title policy. Elite provided

a title binder that included a report from Action Title Research (Action) showing

no liens or assessments on the property. Elite prepared the closing statement for

Concepts. Action's tax search disclosed unpaid taxes but did not identify any

water or sewer fees owed at the time of closing. Sharpe conveyed the property

to Concepts by deed dated November 4, 2015. At the time of closing, the

property consisted of a landscaped lot, a parking lot and a shell of a building

with no connection to the municipal sewer or water system. There were no liens

on the property that would have informed Concepts that a fee for sewer and

water connection would later be due. Sharpe executed a seller's affidavit of title

stating,

            [w]e have always obtained all permits and certificates
            of occupancy. All charges for municipal improvements
            such as sewers, sidewalks, curbs or similar
            improvements benefiting this property have been paid
            in full. No one has notified us that money is due and
            owing for construction, alteration or repair work to this
            property.

      After purchasing the property, Concepts learned Sharpe had never paid

the $31,493 sewer and water connection fee. In February 2016, an employee of


                                                                          A-4431-17T3
                                        5
Concepts' contractor met with a representative of Montville's construction

department regarding their application for building permits for the completion

of the building's interior. At this meeting, Concepts learned of the water fee

charges. That obligation prevented Concepts from securing a certificate of

occupancy. Montville knew the water meter and connection fees were unpaid

for over one year prior to the transfer of the property but did not place a lien on

the property and permitted the fee to remain unpaid until the new owner

connected to the system.

      On October 13, 2016, Concepts filed a verified complaint in the Chancery

Division against Sharpe, Elite, Westcor and Montville.         Concepts asserted

Sharpe had incurred water and sewer connection charges of $31,493. Concepts

sought a declaration that Montville's water connection lien was null and void,

Westcor owed coverage and indemnity to Concepts, either Elite, Sharpe or

Westcor must satisfy or remove the lien, or Montville must remove the lien and

issue a certificate of occupancy.

      In January 2017, after interior plumbing was installed on the property,

Concepts made permanent connection to the public sewer and water systems.

The sewer and water connection fee was $31,493 and became due on January




                                                                           A-4431-17T3
                                        6
30, 2017. In order to obtain a certificate of occupancy from Montville, Concepts

deposited $31,493 in an escrow account pending resolution of the litigation.

      After the case was transferred to the Law Division, on September 27,

2017, Concepts moved for summary judgment against all defendants. Sharpe,

Westcor, Elite and Montville filed respective cross-motions for summary

judgment.1 The judge heard argument on January 31, 2018. By order entered

February 6, 2018, the judge granted summary judgment in favor of Concepts

against Sharpe in the amount of $31,493. The judge determined

            Sharpe knew that there was a connection fee . . . well
            before closing. . . . The fact that the town doesn't record
            it as a lien, the fact that the town doesn't consider it a
            fee until it's actually connected is of no moment. It's
            clear to me that Sharpe knew about it, and Sharpe
            should assume responsibility for that.

The judge also determined Concepts' funds held in escrow should be paid to

Montville and Concepts would have to seek reimbursement from Sharpe.

      On February 6, 2018, the judge granted summary judgment to the

remaining defendants.    Sharpe moved for reconsideration, which the judge

denied by order entered May 3, 2018. Sharpe appealed, and Concepts cross-




1
  The motions filed by Westcor, Elite and Montville are not contained in the
record.
                                                                          A-4431-17T3
                                        7
appealed the portion of the order granting summary judgment to Montville,

arguing it should not be required to pay the escrowed funds to Montville.

      On appeal, Sharpe raises the following argument:

            THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN HOLDING THAT
            DEFENDANT SHARPE'S FAILURE TO DISCLOSE
            TO PLAINTIFF THE UNPAID WATER AND SEWER
            CONNECTION FEES CONSTITUTED A BREACH
            OF THE COVENANT AGAINST GRANTOR'S ACTS
            AND FAILED TO CITE ANY AUTHORITY TO
            SUPPORT ITS CONCLUSION THAT, UNDER
            THESE CIRCUMSTANCES IN A COMMERCIAL
            TRANSACTION, DEFENDANT SHARPE HAD AN
            AFFIRMATIVE DUTY TO DISCLOSE THE UNPAID
            FEES.

      In its cross-appeal, Concepts raises the following argument:

            THE TRIAL COURT WAS CORRECT IN FINDING
            STEPHEN SHARPE FAILED TO DISCLOSE A
            KNOWN ENCUMBRANCE BUT ERRED IN
            FINDING THE ENCUMBRANCE SHOULD BE PAID
            BY CONCEPTS.

      When determining whether to grant summary judgment under Rule 4:46-

2(c), "the court must accept as true all the evidence which supports the position

of the party defending against the motion and must accord him [or her] the

benefit of all legitimate inferences which can be deduced therefrom, and if

reasonable minds could differ, the motion must be denied." Brill v. Guardian

Life Ins. Co. of Am., 142 N.J. 520, 535 (1995) (alteration in original) (quoting


                                                                         A-4431-17T3
                                       8
Lanzet v. Greenberg, 126 N.J. 168, 174 (1991)). If the evidence "'is so one-

sided that one party must prevail as a matter of law,' the trial court should not

hesitate to grant summary judgment." Id. at 540 (quoting Anderson v. Liberty

Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 252 (1986)). We review summary judgment orders

de novo, utilizing the same standards applied by the trial courts. Templo Fuente

De Vida Corp. v. Nat'l Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, 224 N.J. 189, 199

(2016). "When no issue of fact exists, and only a question of law remains, [we]

afford[] no special deference to the legal determinations of the trial court." Ibid.

      Under Rule 4:49-2, reconsideration is a matter within the sound discretion

of the trial court and should be exercised for good cause shown. Johnson v.

Cyklop Strapping Corp., 220 N.J. Super. 250, 263-64 (App. Div. 1987). We

only disturb the trial court's decision if it produced error that is "clearly capable

of producing an unjust result."        R. 2:10-2.      However, the trial court's

interpretation of the law is afforded no special deference, and this court's review

of legal issues is de novo.       Manalapan Realty, L.P. v. Twp. Comm. of

Manalapan, 140 N.J. 366, 378 (1995).

      On appeal, Sharpe argues that a breach of the covenant against grantor's

act required an affirmative act where the land conveyed is or will be encumbered

in title due to the actions of the grantor. Sharpe submits because the connection


                                                                             A-4431-17T3
                                         9
fees were not a lien at the time of the conveyance, he did not encumber the

property. Sharpe also disputes whether he had any affirmative duty to disclose

that a payment for sewer and water connection would be owed in the future.

Sharpe argues Concepts should have been able to ascertain that, at the time of

contract, the water and sewer connection fees would later be due because the

building was devoid of running water, the contract provided the opportunity to

perform due diligence and public records disclosed that water and sewer fees

were outstanding. Sharpe contends there is no duty to disclose matters that both

parties have means of acquiring information.       Sharpe argues his failure to

disclose unpaid water and sewer connection fees did not violate the covenant

against grantor's acts because said fees were not an encumbrance at the time of

closing. He also argues the judge erred by finding he had an affirmative duty to

disclose the connection fees.

      Thus, the question before us is whether N.J.S.A. 46:4-6 imposes on a

seller in a commercial real estate transaction an obligation to disclose

connection fees that are not a lien or encumbrance on the property at the time of

closing.2 We conclude it does not.


2
  We note Concepts's verified complaint does not raise any claims of common
law fraud, misrepresentation or breach of contract, therefore we do not discuss


                                                                         A-4431-17T3
                                      10
      N.J.S.A. 46:4-6 provides:

            A covenant by the grantor in a deed "that he has done
            no act to encumber the said lands[,]" [] shall have the
            same effect as if he covenanted that he had not done or
            executed, or knowingly suffered to be done or executed,
            any act, deed or thing whereby the lands and premises
            conveyed, or intended so to be or any part thereof, are
            or will be changed, charged, altered, affected, defeated,
            or encumbered in title, estate or otherwise.

            [N.J.S.A. 46:4-6.]

      Our Supreme Court has held that "an assessment for benefits cannot be

enforced until the benefit has been conferred." Green v. Montclair, 125 N.J.L.

19, 20 (Sup. Ct. 1940) (holding assessments for laying sewer and connection

with abutting property "are not in anywise a present lien on such abutting

property, and cannot in any event become such until a present benefit is

conferred"). In Lenton Construction Co. v. Hill, 4 N.J. Super. 66, 68-69 (App.

Div. 1949), a land purchaser challenged a judgment of the trial court that held

the purchaser was not entitled to recover the amount of a sewer assessment


whether Sharpe's deliberate omission of information denied Concepts of the
benefit of the bargain it struck. Ordinary fraud requires a material factual
misrepresentation, knowledge of the falsity, an intent to induce reliance on it
and actual reliance that results in monetary damages. Jewish Ctr. of Sussex Cty.
v. Whale, 86 N.J. 619, 624 (1981). Fraud must be pled with particularity, In re
Contest of Nov. 8, 2005 Gen. Election for Mayor of Parsippany-Troy Hills, 192
N.J. 546, 567 (2007), although the element of "[m]alice, intent, knowledge, and
other condition of mind of a person may be alleged generally." R. 4:5-8(a).
                                                                        A-4431-17T3
                                      11
levied against land it purchased from the seller because there were no

unconfirmed assessments against the land at the time the contract for the sale of

the land was executed. There, we determined

            the assessment on the lots in question—the
            apportionment of the cost of the improvement, the
            fixing of the amount of benefits—was not made until
            March 1, 1947, and did not become a lien until
            confirmed on March 18, 1947; that there were no
            unconfirmed assessments on the lots in question in
            April 1946 [at the time of sale] . . . .

            [Id. at 69.]

      Here, the connection fee was not a lien or encumbrance at the time of

closing. No funds were owed to Montville at the time of closing. Concepts

argues it was informed by Montville's building department that Sharpe had

incurred the $31,493 charge. Although someone might have conveyed that to

Concepts, the facts in the record demonstrate otherwise. Sharpe did not pay the

connection fee because the building was not connected to water or sewer service

when Sharpe sold it. Sharpe did not encumber the property with a legally

enforceable encumbrance by not paying the connection fee. Concepts only

raised the argument the connection fee was an undisclosed lien without proof

Montville placed a lien on the property. Without some other legal basis to




                                                                         A-4431-17T3
                                      12
impose liability, we are constrained to reverse the February 6, 2018 order

granting summary judgment in favor of Concepts.

      Concepts' cross-appeal lacks merit. Concepts asks us vacate the portion

of the order requiring the payment of funds to Montville, arguing Montville's

remedy is to seek payment from Sharpe. It is apparent that Montville could not

pursue reimbursement from Sharpe because Sharpe did not incur the connection

fee. Concepts incurred the fee when it connected to the Montville water and

sewer system.

      Given these circumstances, we discern no error and therefore affirm the

portion of the trial judge's order requiring Concepts to release escrowed funds

for the connection fee, a charge they incurred. We have carefully reviewed the

record regarding all remaining arguments and have determined they are without

sufficient merit to warrant discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).

      Affirmed in part, reversed in part.




                                                                         A-4431-17T3
                                      13
