[Cite as X-S Merchandise, Inc. v. Wynne Pro L.L.C., 2013-Ohio-2205.]


                Court of Appeals of Ohio
                              EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                 COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA


                              JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
                                       No. 99189




                            X-S MERCHANDISE, INC.
                                                          PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT

                                                    vs.

                           WYNNE PRO L.L.C., ET AL.
                                                          DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES




                              JUDGMENT:
                   REVERSED, VACATED AND REMANDED


                                     Civil Appeal from the
                            Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                                     Case No. CV-743428

        BEFORE: Rocco, J., Stewart, A.J., and Keough, J.

        RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: May 30, 2013
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS

Brian J. Green
Sean Burke
James A. Marx
Shapero & Green, L.L.C.
25101 Chagrin Boulevard
Suite 220
Beachwood, OH 44122

FOR APPELLEE

Dana Bullington
4123 Crossing Lane
Dallas, TX 75220
KENNETH A. ROCCO, J.:

       {¶1} Plaintiff-appellant X-S Merchandise, Inc. (“X-S”) appeals from the trial

court’s judgment dismissing all claims against defendant-appellee Dana Bullington

(“Bullington”). The trial court determined that X-S had failed to perfect service on

Bullington, but then went on to reach the merits of the case, entering a final judgment.

The trial court lacked personal jurisdiction over Bullington, which renders its judgment

void. We reverse and vacate the judgment, and we remand the case to the trial court with

instructions to enter an order of dismissal without prejudice.

       {¶2} This case originates from a lawsuit filed by X-S against Wynne Pro L.L.C.

(“Wynne Pro”), and Bullington. X-S is an Ohio corporation. Wynne Pro is believed to

be a for-profit limited liability corporation having a place of business in Dallas, Texas,

with Bullington as its statutory agent.

       {¶3} According to X-S’s complaint, Bullington had agreed to sell to X-S various

goods. X-S tendered to Wynne Pro $29,726.13 as a down payment for the goods.

Subsequently, Bullington informed X-S that she could not procure the goods and that she

would not be able to supply them to X-S.

       {¶4} After multiple promises by Bullington to return X-S’s down payment, on

December 13, 2010, X-S filed a lawsuit in the court of common pleas against Wynne Pro

and Bullington. The complaint set forth claims for breach of contract, unjust enrichment,

conversion, and fraud. X-S alleged that Bullington had held herself out as an authorized
agent of Wynne Pro, responsible for the transaction of goods in this matter, as evidenced

by her signature on the relevant purchase orders between X-S and Wynne Pro.

       {¶5} X-S filed motions for default judgment against Wynne Pro and Bullington.

The trial court entered default judgment against Wynne Pro on June 3, 2011. The trial

court denied the motion for default judgment as to Bullington, noting that X-S had not

perfected service on Bullington.

       {¶6} X-S then attempted to perfect service of the complaint on Bullington via

publication on or about July 20, 2011. X-S filed another motion for default judgment on

August 17, 2011. On November 10, 2011, that motion for default judgment was denied

on the basis that X-S had not presented evidence sufficient to state a cause of action

against Bullington individually or to pierce the corporate veil holding her personally

responsible. In that same order, the trial court, sua sponte and without notice, dismissed

Bullington as a defendant in the case. X-S filed an appeal in this court.

       {¶7} On appeal, we concluded that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in

denying X-S’s motion for default judgment against Bullington, but we also determined

that the trial court erred when it failed to provide X-S with any notice that its failure to

produce sufficient evidence in support of its motion for default judgment would result in

Bullington’s dismissal as a defendant. X-S Merch., Inc. v. Wynne Pro, L.L.C., 8th Dist.

No. 97641, 2012-Ohio-2315, ¶ 18.

       {¶8} On remand, the case proceeded to a bench trial on X-S’s claims against

Bullington. The trial court issued a judgment entry and opinion with findings of fact and
conclusions of law, ruling that X-S’s service on Bullington was invalid. The trial court

then proceeded to rule on the merits of the underlying action and entered judgment for

Bullington on all claims. It is from this judgment entry that X-S now appeals, setting

forth two assignments of error for our review:

       I. The trial court erred in ruling on the merits of the case.

       II. The case should have been dismissed without prejudice upon the trial
       court’s determination that service had not been perfected.

       {¶9} We consider the assignments of error together because the analysis involved

is the same. A court cannot acquire personal jurisdiction over a party without the proper

service of a summons and complaint, or the party must have entered an appearance,

affirmatively waived service, or otherwise voluntarily submitted to the court’s

jurisdiction. Bank of N.Y. v. Elliot, 8th Dist. Nos. 97506 and 98179, 2012-Ohio-5285, ¶

15, citing Slomovitz v. Slomovitz, 8th Dist. No. 94499, 2010-Ohio-4361, ¶ 10. We

review de novo whether a trial court maintains personal jurisdiction over a person. Id.,

citing Natl. City Bank v. Yevu, 178 Ohio App.3d 382, 2008-Ohio-4715, 898 N.E.2d 52

(8th Dist.); Toma v. Toma, 8th Dist. No. 82117, 2003-Ohio-4344, ¶ 16.

       {¶10}    In the instant case, the trial court determined that X-S’s service on

Bullington was invalid and so all claims against Bullington should be dismissed.1 The


       1
          We note that the trial court should have determined long ago whether it had personal
jurisdiction over Bullington. It is unfortunate that this case has already come up on appeal once
before and that a trial ensued before the trial court finally concluded that service had not been
perfected on Bullington. X-S had attempted to perfect service by publication on July 20, 2011.
The trial court ruled that this method of service was invalid on October 18, 2012.
trial court’s ruling was based on its findings that: (1) X-S had failed to aver as to all

efforts it had made to locate Bullington; and (2) that as an out-of-state resident, service on

Bullington could not be perfected via publication. See Civ.R. 4.3 and 4.4.

       {¶11} X-S does not contest the trial court’s ruling that Bullington was not properly

served. Rather, X-S argues that once the trial court determined that service was invalid,

it was required to dismiss the case without prejudice. We agree, because once the trial

court determined that it lacked personal jurisdiction over Bullington, it was without

authority to enter a judgment in the action.2

       {¶12} The trial court could obtain personal jurisdiction over Bullington only if the

trial court determined that: (1) she was properly served with a summons and complaint;

(2) she entered an appearance; (3) she affirmatively waived service; or (4) she otherwise

voluntarily submitted to the court’s jurisdiction. See Bank of N.Y., 2012-Ohio-5285, at ¶

15. The trial court concluded that Bullington was not properly served with a summons

and complaint, and there is no evidence in the record indicating that Bullington entered an

appearance, affirmatively waived service, or otherwise voluntarily submitted to the

court’s jurisdiction. Based on its findings and on the record, the trial court lacked

personal jurisdiction over Bullington, rendering its judgment void. See id., citing Lincoln



       2
         The trial court’s determination that service could not be perfected by publication was based
on our decision in Sutkaytis v. Van Valkenberg, 8th Dist. No. 36543, 1977 Ohio App. LEXIS 8254
(Nov. 10, 1977). Because the trial court and X-S both concede that service was not perfected in this
case, we need not address whether a plaintiff may ever perfect service on a non-resident defendant via
publication.
Tavern, Inc. v. Snader, 165 Ohio St. 61, 64, 133 N.E.2d 606 (1956). (“A judgment

rendered in the absence of personal jurisdiction over the defendant is void.”).

       {¶13} Accordingly, we reverse and vacate the trial court’s judgment with

instructions on remand to dismiss the case without prejudice. See Ambrose v. Advanced

Wireless Cellular Comm., 8th Dist. No. 88110, 2007-Ohio-988, ¶ 7, citing Civ.R.

41(B)(4); Thomas v. Freeman, 79 Ohio St.3d 221, 680 N.E.2d 997 (1997) (“A dismissal

for lack of jurisdiction, including a lack of personal jurisdiction, operates as an

adjudication otherwise than on the merits, that is without prejudice.”).

       It is ordered that appellant recover from appellee costs herein taxed.

       The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment into

execution.

       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to

Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.



____________________________________
KENNETH A. ROCCO, JUDGE

MELODY J. STEWART, A.J., and
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., CONCUR
