                     IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                    No. 18-1339
                             Filed September 26, 2018


IN THE INTEREST OF L.H.,
Minor Child,

D.M., Mother,
      Appellant,

T.H., Father,
       Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

       Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Pottawattamie County, Craig M.

Dreismeier, District Associate Judge.



       A mother and father appeal the termination of their parental rights to a child.

AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.



       Amanda J. Heims of Amanda J. Heims, PC, Council Bluffs, for appellant

mother.

       Kyle J. McGinn of McGinn, Springer & Noethe, PLC, Council Bluffs, for

appellant father.

       Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Meredith L. Lamberti, Assistant

Attorney General, for appellee State.

       Roberta J. Megel of State Public Defender Office, Council Bluffs, guardian

ad litem for minor child.



       Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Doyle and Mullins, JJ.
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VAITHESWARAN, Presiding Judge.

       A mother and father appeal the termination of their parental rights to a child,

born in 2016. The mother contends (A) the State failed to prove the grounds for

termination cited by the district court, (B) the termination hearing should have been

postponed, and (C) the district court should have declined to terminate her parental

rights based on the closeness of the parent-child bond. The father contends

(A) the State failed to prove the grounds for termination cited by the district court

and (B) termination was not in the child’s best interests given the closeness of the

parent-child bond.

I.     Mother

       A. Grounds for Termination

       The district court terminated the mother’s parental rights under three

statutory grounds. We may affirm if we find clear and convincing evidence to

support any of the grounds. In re S.R., 600 N.W.2d 63, 64 (Iowa Ct. App. 1999).

       Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h) (2017) requires proof (1) the child is three

years of age or younger, (2) the child was adjudicated in need of assistance,

(3) “the child has been removed from the physical custody of the child’s parents

for at least six months of the last twelve months, or for the last six consecutive

months and any trial period at home has been less than thirty days,” and (4) the

child cannot be returned to the parents’ custody. Our de novo review of the record

reveals the following facts.

       The mother has a fourteen-year history of methamphetamine abuse and a

seventeen-year history of marijuana abuse. The child was born with marijuana in

his system. He was removed from the mother’s care shortly after the birth.
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       The mother progressed with reunification services, and the child was

returned to her custody. In July 2017, just two months after the return, the child

was removed again when the department of human services discovered the

parents were using methamphetamine while caring for him.              The child was

adjudicated in need of assistance.

       Preliminarily, the mother maintains the six-consecutive-month removal

period was not satisfied because she had unsupervised visits with the child in

December 2017. See Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(h)(3). She cites no authority for

the proposition that unsupervised visits would disrupt the removal time frame. Be

that as it may, section 232.116(1)(h)(2) was satisfied. The subsection contains

two alternatives: (1) removal for at least six of the last twelve months or (2) removal

for the last six consecutive months with a home trial period of less than thirty days.

See In re E.M., No. 17-1398, 2017 WL 6026721, at *3 (Iowa Ct. App. Nov. 22,

2017). Under the first alternative, the child was removed in July 2017, and the

termination hearing took place in June 2017. The child was out of the home for at

least six of the twelve months up to and including the month of the termination

hearing. Under the second alternative, the child was out of the home for at least

six consecutive months. There was no trial home placement in December 2017 or

at any time following the July 2017 removal.

       We turn to the fourth element—whether the child could be returned to the

mother’s custody. The mother was in prison at the time of the termination hearing,

and her tentative discharge date was in 2021. When asked whether it was true

the child could not be returned to her custody at the time of the termination hearing,

she responded, “That is true.” She went on to state, “I’m just asking that [the
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department] not terminate my rights, allow [the child] to stay with [the foster parent]

until I can, maybe, possibly be paroled, and to just extend this for, maybe, another

six-month period due to the fact that I’m not able to be there right now.” Her

request implicates the next two issues rather than the cannot-be-returned element.

The State proved the child could not be returned to the mother’s custody

       B. Continuance

       The mother contends the district court should have postponed the

termination hearing to allow her to pursue reunification services in prison. Our

review of a ruling on a motion for a continuance is for an abuse of discretion. In re

R.B., 832 N.W.2d 375, 378 (Iowa Ct. App. 2013).

       The mother admitted the prison lacked a substance abuse treatment

program. But even if one were available, the mother’s history with treatment did

not bode well. Before her incarceration, the department offered treatment and

other reunification services for approximately two years. Three drug patches

applied just before she went to prison were positive for methamphetamine, a patch

requested of her in late 2017 was refused, and the mother failed to appear for

application of a patch in the week preceding the refusal. Given this history, we

conclude the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying her motion to

continue the termination hearing.

       C. Bond with Child

       The mother contends the district court should have declined to terminate

her parental rights due to the closeness of the parent-child relationship. See Iowa

Code § 232.116(3)(c). The department case manager acknowledged the mother

was “bonded with” the child. But, as the district court pointed out, the child spent
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the lion’s share of his young life out of her care and there was little likelihood the

mother would be in a position to resume his care in the imminent future. Under

these circumstances, we conclude the termination was warranted.

II.    Father

       A. Grounds for Termination

       The department terminated the father’s parental rights to the child on the

same statutory grounds as the mother. Again, we focus on Iowa Code section

232.116(1)(h).

       The father also had a long-term addiction to methamphetamine. Although

he tested negative for several months, he refused to appear for six consecutive

drug tests preceding the termination hearing. Because his failure to maintain

sobriety while caring for the child was the impetus for the child’s removal, we agree

with the district court that his refusal to undergo drug testing could be viewed as a

return to drug use, which foreclosed a return of the child to his custody.

       B. Closeness of Parent-Child Bond

       Like the mother, the father points to the parent-child bond as reason to

reverse the termination decision. The bond was not sufficient to overcome the

significant health and safety risks to the child. As the department case manager

stated,

              A reunification period had happened with a case closure that
       resulted in a new case opening with the exact same concerns not
       even two months later. There’s a concern that we could not reunify
       today. There’s no estimate that we could reunify in the near future.
       [The child] deserves permanency. He deserves a stable life, and the
       indicators from the past roughly 22 months of his life just show that
       he’s not going to be able to achieve a safe, stable permanency with
       his parents in the foreseeable future and that we have nothing to
       indicate that’s coming soon.
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We affirm the termination of the parents’ rights to the child.

AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.
