                                           COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
UNPUBLISHED


              Present: Judges Humphreys, Chafin and Senior Judge Clements
              Argued at Richmond, Virginia


              CURTIS DWAYNE BROCKINGTON
                                                                           MEMORANDUM OPINION BY
              v.     Record No. 1410-15-2                                 JUDGE ROBERT J. HUMPHREYS
                                                                                 APRIL 19, 2016
              COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA


                                  FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF HENRICO COUNTY
                                          Richard S. Wallerstein, Jr., Judge

                             (Theodore D. Bruns; Blackburn, Conte, Schilling & Click, PC, on
                             brief), for appellant. Appellant submitting on brief.

                             J. Christian Obenshain, Assistant Attorney General (Mark R.
                             Herring, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.


                     Curtis Dwayne Brockington (“Brockington”) appeals the July 13, 2015 decision of the

              Circuit Court of Henrico County (the “circuit court”) finding him guilty of one count of

              knowingly failing to reregister as a sex offender, in violation of Code § 18.2-472.1. On appeal,

              Brockington’s single assignment of error is that the circuit court erred “in concluding that

              Brockington knowingly failed to reregister as a sex offender.”

                                                         I. ANALYSIS

                                                   A. Standard of Review

                     “When reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, ‘we examine the

              evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable

              inferences fairly deducible therefrom.’” Williams v. Commonwealth, 52 Va. App. 194, 197, 662

              S.E.2d 627, 628 (2008) (quoting Slade v. Commonwealth, 43 Va. App. 61, 69, 596 S.E.2d 90, 94

                     
                        Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. Moreover,
              as this opinion has no precedential value, we recite only those facts necessary to our holding.
(2004)). Upon review, we will not set aside the judgment of the trier of fact “unless it appears

that the judgment is plainly wrong or without supporting evidence.” Foster v. Commonwealth,

38 Va. App. 549, 554, 567 S.E.2d 547, 549 (2002).

                B. Failure to Knowingly Reregister pursuant to Code § 18.2-472.1

        Code § 18.2-472.1(B) provides in relevant part: “[a]ny person convicted of a sexually

violent offense . . . who knowingly fails to register or reregister . . . is guilty of a Class 6 felony.”

(Emphasis added). “Settled principles of statutory construction dictate that ‘[w]hen the language

of a statute is unambiguous, we are bound by the plain meaning of that language.’” D’Amico v.

Commonwealth, 287 Va. 284, 288, 754 S.E.2d 291, 293-94 (2014) (quoting Osman v. Osman,

285 Va. 384, 389, 737 S.E.2d 876, 878-79 (2013)).

        While Code § 18.2-472.1(B) does not explicitly define the term “knowingly,” this Court,

in Marshall v. Commonwealth, 58 Va. App. 210, 708 S.E.2d 253 (2011), previously had the

opportunity to define it. In Marshall, we held that Code § 18.2-472.1(B) is a general intent crime

and “an accused ‘knowingly fails to register or reregister’ in violation of the statute if he has

knowledge of the fact that he has a duty to register or reregister, but does not do so.” Id. at 215,

708 S.E.2d at 255. Since Code § 18.2-472.1(B) is a general intent crime, we do not consider

whether the accused lacked the specific purpose or intent to commit the crime. Instead, this

Court must determine if Brockington had knowledge of the fact that he had a duty to register or

reregister, but failed to perform this duty.

        In 1998, Brockington was convicted of two counts of sexual battery, in violation of Code

§ 18.2-67.4, and one count of carnal knowledge of a child between thirteen and fifteen years of

age, in violation of Code § 18.2-63. As a result of those convictions, he was required to

reregister every ninety days with the Registry. Brockington had continuously reregistered for

more than fifteen years until he failed to do so by September 1, 2014. Brockington testified that
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over time he became reliant on the reregistration letter, Form SP-236A, as provided to him by the

VSP through the mail. Further, he testified that he never received his letter for the reregistration

period ending September 1, 2014, but that he was aware that one should be on its way. Notably,

Brockington admitted that once he realized his reregistration letter from the VSP had not arrived

on time, he contacted his probation officer and explained that he had not received his

reregistration letter. After informing the state compliance officer that his reregistration form had

not yet arrived in the mail, Brockington went to VSP headquarters on Midlothian Turnpike to

reregister.

        On September 16, 2014, Brockington executed Form SP-236, the alternative

reregistration form, at the VSP headquarters located on Midlothian Turnpike. The Registry

received his Form SP-236 the same day. However, he was required to reregister by September 1,

2014. As a matter of law, we find that Brockington was in violation of Code § 18.2-472.1

because he had the knowledge that he must reregister with the VSP every ninety days and he

failed to do so by his reregistration deadline of September 1, 2014.

        C. Procedural Requirement of Code § 9.1-904 Not Element of Code § 18.2-472.1

        Brockington argues that because the VSP failed to provide him with his address

verification form to be used for reregistration as required by Code § 9.1-904 and because a

regular course of conduct had been established between the VSP and Brockington over the past

fifteen years, he did not knowingly fail to reregister. In relevant part, Code § 9.1-904 states that

“[e]very person convicted of a sexually violent offense or murder shall reregister with the [VSP]

every 90 days from the date of initial registration.” Additionally, “[u]pon registration and as

may be necessary thereafter, the [VSP] shall provide the person with an address verification

form to be used for reregistration. The form shall contain in bold print a statement indicating



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that failure to comply with the registration required is punishable as provided in § 18.2-472.1.”

Code § 9.1-904 (emphasis added).

       Brockington’s argument is analogous to the same argument the Supreme Court of

Virginia rejected in D’Amico. In that case, the appellant argued that it was error for the circuit

court to find that the Commonwealth had proven it was an unreasonable refusal by D’Amico not

to take a blood or breath test following an arrest upon suspicion of driving while intoxicated, in

violation of Code § 18.2-266, where the Commonwealth did not prove that it had complied with

the procedural requirements of the refusal statute, Code § 18.2-268.3(B)-(C). D’Amico, 287 Va.

at 289-90, 754 S.E.2d at 294. The Supreme Court of Virginia held that “while the requirements

in [Code § 18.2-268.3(B)-(C)] indeed provide significant procedural safeguards to the accused,

they are not elements of the unreasonable refusal offense.” Id. at 289, 754 S.E.2d at 294.

Ultimately, the Supreme Court found that the signed refusal form was not required in order for

the Commonwealth to establish a prima facie case of unreasonable refusal against D’Amico. Id.

at 289-90, 754 S.E.2d at 294.

       In the case at bar, Brockington relies on a civil statute, Code § 9.1-904, providing

direction to the VSP and which is not incorporated in the criminal statute under which he was

convicted, Code § 18.2-472.1. Therefore, it is not necessary for this Court to consider whether

or not Brockington relied upon the reregistration form sent by the VSP, because the procedural

safeguard, the provision providing that VSP would send the reregistration form, did not affect

Brockington’s knowledge of his statutory duty to reregister with the VSP. See id. Furthermore,

this Court need not decide whether it is the VSP’s obligation to ensure that a registrant actually

receives the reregistration form after the VSP sent it. Rather, the inquiry is only if Brockington

had the knowledge that he must reregister with VSP every ninety days. It is undisputed that he

had this knowledge, especially given that he had reregistered every ninety days for more than
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fifteen years. The Commonwealth established every necessary element of Code § 18.2-472.1,

and we conclude that the circuit court did not err in ruling that Brockington knowingly failed to

reregister as a sex offender.

                                           II. CONCLUSION

       The VSP sent Brockington’s reregistration Form SP-236A by registered and certified

mail to his verified address prior to the reregistration date of September 1, 2014. It is undisputed

that Brockington was at his address at all times relevant to the case and he did nothing to obstruct

the delivery of the form. In fact, Brockington knew that his Form SP-236A had not arrived and

proactively inquired with both his federal probation officer and his state compliance officer

about what he should do to remain compliant with the Registry. Prior to a warrant and

investigation by the VSP for Brockington’s reregistration paperwork, Brockington went to the

VSP headquarters and filled out the secondary form, Form SP-236, because he knew that he had

not received his Form SP-236A and that he must reregister with the VSP. In short, when his

letter didn’t arrive, Brockington acted to remedy the situation by proactively executing an

alternative form at VSP Headquarters. However, despite Brockington’s clear efforts to meet his

obligation, it is equally clear that the General Assembly intended this particular statute to be

draconian in application and it simply permits no room for any error on the part of those

obligated to register as a sex offender.

        For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the circuit court’s decision finding Brockington

guilty of one count of knowingly failing to reregister as a sex offender, in violation of Code

§ 18.2-472.1.

                                                                                           Affirmed.




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