                                                         NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                  UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                       FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                            ___________

                                No. 10-3231
                                ___________

                          FLORENCE R. PARKER,
                                          Appellant

                                      v.

  PENNSTAR BANK, NBT; CITIMORTGAGE, Inc.; DAVID M. GREGORY, Esq.;
    JOHN DOE, burglar-agent; CADOZA LUMBER VALLEY COMPANY, Inc.;
CARMEN VITALE, President; RAY JENSON, Log Buyer; MS. LYDA STERNS; SGT.
BLACK; JOHN DOE & JANE DOE AFFIANT; JOHN NOLAN, Chief Assessor; ESQ.
  C. DANIEL HIGGINS; JOAN CAROL LANGSTON, Seller; MILFORD VALLEY
 ABSTRACT; FIRST PENN ABSTRACT; KATHY M. YOUNG; NATIONAL PENN
    BANK; ARROW HEAD ELECTRIC; BOBBY LEE; CREDIT COUNSELING
                     CENTER; FIRST PENN ABSTRACT
                 ____________________________________

                On Appeal from the United States District Court
                    for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
                        (D.C. Civil No. 3-09-cv-00490)
                 District Judge: Honorable A. Richard Caputo
                 ____________________________________

                Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                 July 8, 2011
          Before: SCIRICA, SMITH AND VANASKIE, Circuit Judges

                         (Opinion filed: July 8, 2011)
                                 _________

                                  OPINION
                                  _________

PER CURIAM
       Pro se appellant Florence Parker appeals the District Court’s dismissal of her

amended complaint as a sanction for her failure to comply with discovery orders. We

have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. For the reasons discussed below, we will

affirm the District Court’s judgment.

       Parker filed this pro se civil action in October 2008, naming as defendants

Pennstar Bank, NBT; Pennstar’s attorney, David Gregory; and two of its employees,

Kathy Black and LynDa Starnes.1 She asserted claims under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, the

Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), 18 U.S.C. §§ 1961-1968,

and state law. Her claims concerned events leading up to and including a foreclosure

action on her home that the defendants successfully prosecuted in Pennsylvania state

court; she alleged that she was the victim of a sprawling conspiracy that involved, in

addition to the defendants, an unidentified burglar and an individual who purportedly

backed out of an agreement to harvest trees on her property.

       The parties sparred repeatedly during discovery. As relevant here, on March 5,

2010, a magistrate judge granted the defendants’ motion to compel and ordered Parker to

provide the defendants with the following information: (1) receipts for and explanations

of certain damages that she claimed; (2) her federal and state tax returns for 2004–2008;

(3) the names of her prospective witnesses; and (4) the name of the Pennstar employee


       1
              Parker also named numerous other entities and individuals as defendants;
however, she properly served only those defendants listed above, and the District Court
therefore dismissed the action as to the other proposed defendants under Rule 4(m) of the
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
                                             2
whom she allegedly contacted after obtaining a home equity loan. Parker, however, gave

the defendants only the names of her witnesses. The defendants then filed a motion to

compel Parker to supply the addresses of her witnesses so that they could be subpoenaed

for depositions. The magistrate judge granted that motion on April 13, 2010, and ordered

Parker to provide her witnesses’ addresses by April 20, 2010, but Parker did not do so.

Thus, the defendants filed two motions for sanctions: one concerning Parker’s failure to

comply with the March 5, 2010 order, and one concerning Parker’s failure to comply

with the April 13, 2010 order.

       The magistrate judge scheduled a hearing on the motions for May 25, 2010. The

defendants appeared and presented evidence in support of their motions; Parker failed to

attend. Subsequently, the magistrate judge recommended that Parker’s amended

complaint be dismissed. The District Court, after considering the factors prescribed by

Poulis v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Co., 747 F.2d 863 (3d Cir. 1984), approved and

adopted the report and recommendation and dismissed the case. Parker then filed a

timely notice of appeal.

       We review the District Court’s order for abuse of discretion, Bowers v. Nat’l

Collegiate Athletic Ass’n, 475 F.3d 524, 538 (3d Cir. 2007), and evaluate the Court’s

exercise of discretion by examining how it balanced the factors set forth in Poulis. These

factors are (1) the extent of the party’s personal responsibility; (2) the prejudice to the

adversary caused by the failure to comply with court orders; (3) a history of dilatoriness;

(4) whether the conduct of the party was willful or in bad faith; (5) the effectiveness of
                                               3
sanctions other than dismissal; and (6) the meritoriousness of the claim or defense.

Poulis, 747 F.2d at 868.

       On appeal, Parker has not meaningfully challenged the District Court’s order.

Instead, she devotes the bulk of her brief to asking us to reverse the state court’s

foreclosure order. Putting aside the question of whether the federal courts have the

authority to consider the merits of such a claim, see D.C. Court of Appeals v. Feldman,

460 U.S. 462 (1983); Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co., 263 U.S. 413 (1923), it is simply

irrelevant to the crucial issue of whether the District Court erred in dismissing her

amended complaint.2

       On performing our own independent review of the Poulis factors, we conclude that

the District Court did not abuse its discretion. Parker was proceeding pro se, and was

thus fully responsible for her own conduct. See Briscoe v. Klaus, 538 F.3d 252, 258 (3d

Cir. 2008). Further, Parker’s conduct prejudiced the defendants both by impeding their

efforts to prepare their case and also by requiring them to file unnecessary motions to

enforce the magistrate judge’s orders. See Ware v. Rodale Press, Inc., 322 F.3d 218, 222

(3d Cir. 2003). Parker also engaged in a pattern of dilatory conduct. See Poulis, 747

F.2d at 868. As detailed above, she repeatedly ignored the defendants’ discovery

requests, did not comply with the magistrate judge’s orders, and even failed to attend the


       2
               The appellees filed a motion to strike Parker’s brief, and Parker responded
with a motion to strike the appellees’ brief. Both motions are denied. We also note that
in the District Court, Parker filed a motion for appointment of counsel, which the Court
denied. Because Parker has not challenged that order on appeal, we will not consider it.
                                              4
hearing that the magistrate judge scheduled. (This was her second improper absence:

she had also previously failed to attend a settlement conference.)

       We also agree with the District Court that Parker’s conduct was willful. She

flouted the magistrate judge’s orders, and offered only unpersuasive justifications for her

conduct. As the magistrate judge explained, ―[t]he plaintiff has since provided excuse

after excuse for failure to comply with orders of the court. The plaintiff is no longer

credible.‖ We also observe that Parker seemed to engage in gamesmanship concerning

legal mail: she apparently refused to provide her address to the defendants and would

accept messages only by email, but enabled certain email settings that (she claimed)

occasionally prevented her from receiving messages sent by the defendants. It was thus

reasonable for the District Court to conclude that Parker had behaved willfully. See, e.g.,

Emerson v. Thiel Coll., 296 F.3d 184, 191 (3d Cir. 2002).

       The final Poulis factor — the meritoriousness of the claims — also supports the

District Court’s order. While we express no opinion as to whether dismissal under Rule

12(b)(6) or summary judgment would have been appropriate, we note that Parker relies in

large part on conclusory statements and unfounded speculation. These types of

allegations are typically insufficient to state a claim. See, e.g., Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S.

Ct. 1937, 1949 (2009). For example, many of her claims are premised on her allegation

that ―John Doe‖ burglarized her home; however, beyond her conjecture, she has provided

no basis to connect the burglary to any of the defendants. Her RICO allegations are

similarly ill-developed. Moreover, certain defenses are also apparent: for instance,
                                               5
Parker has failed to allege that the defendants ―act[ed] under color of state law,‖ which is

required for her § 1983 claims. Kost v. Kozakiewicz, 1 F.3d 176, 184 (3d Cir. 1993)

(internal quotation marks omitted). We thus find no error in the District Court’s

conclusion that this factor also militated in favor of dismissal.

       In light of the fact that at least five of the six Poulis factors support the District

Court’s decision to dismiss the amended complaint,3 we conclude that the Court did not

abuse its discretion. See Poulis, 747 F.2d at 870. Accordingly, we will affirm the

District Court’s order dismissing Parker’s amended complaint.




       3
              The District Court concluded that the fifth factor did not support dismissing
the action because, while there was evidence that Parker had limited assets, it was not
clear from the record that she would not be able to afford to pay a monetary sanction. Cf.
Briscoe, 538 F.3d at 263.
                                               6
