Honm+KLe Wm. J. Lawson         Attention:   Hon. Will Mann Richardson
Secretary of State
Austin, Texas                  Opinion No. O-3991
                               Re: May the charter of AvdonxMutual
                                    Housing Corporation be granted
                                    under the present statutes? If
                                    so, will the filing fee be $10.00
                                    and will it be exempt from the
Dear Sir:                           payment of franchise tax?

          This will acknowledge receipt of your request for the opinion
of this department on the hereinabove mentioned question.

          In connection therewith, you submitted to us the application
for the charter, a copy of the by-laws and a letter from the Federal
Works Agency in Washington explaining certain provisions in the certif-
icate of incorporation and in the by-laws.

            We quote from your letter as follows:

          "It is the contention of the incorporators
     that this is a benevolent non-profit corporation
     and should pay only the $10.00 filing fee and be
     exempt from franchise tax.

           "This Department has contended that the
     purpose is too broad for us to determine under
     what subdivision of Article 1302 they are seek-
      ing to incorporate. It seems probable, however,
     that  Subdivision 44 which allows the corporation
     to establish, maintain, erect and repair a de-
     partment house is the closest to the purpose of
     the corporation. It is the contention of this
     Department that if such a purpose is used, even
     though the corporation is not organized for
     profit, it must pay the $50.00 filing fee and
     the annual franchise tax.

          "This Department has also objected to Ar-
     ticles 7 and 8 of the charter. Article 7 provides
     restrictions not authorized by the statutes on the
     amendment of the charter, and Article 8 provides
     for a dissolution by two-thirds of its members,
     when the Texas Statutes require four-fifths,
Honorable Wm. J. Lawson, Page 2



          "We would appreciate your examining these in-
     struments and giving us an early opinion as to (1)
     whether this charter may be granted under the present
     statutes and (2) whether if such a charter is granted,
     the filing fee will be $10.00 and the corporation
     exempt from franchise tax."

          Article 1302, Vernon's Annotated Civil Statutes, enumerates
the purposes for which a private corporation may be formed. The pro-
posed charter is required, by Article 1304, Vernon's Annotated Civil
Statutes, to state the purpose for which the corporation is formed.
It has been held by our Supreme Court, in the case of Johnston vs.
Townsend, 103 Texas 122, 124 S. W. 417, that the purpose should be
stated with sufficient clearness to enable the Secretary of State to
determine which of the purposes specified in Article 1302, supra, the
applicants seek to incorporate under.

          In the case of Smith vs. Wortham, 106 Texas 106, 157 S.W. 740,
it is stated that:

          "The statutory requirement that the 'purpose' of
     the corporation shall be stated in its charter was in-
     tended for the protection of the incorporators and
     stockholders, and the public, in order that they may
     be advised as to the character of its corporate activ-
     ities, and to enable the State, through its proper
     officers, to collect filing fees and franchise taxes,
     and to supervise and control the use and to punish
     the non-use of its franchise." (Underscoring ours.)

          In the certificate of incorporation, or application for a
charter, submitted with your request letter, it is stated in the first
paragraph thereof as follows:

          "That we, the subscribers, of the said County of
     Dallas and State of Texas under the provisions of the
     Revised Civil Statutes of 1925 as amended by the Legis-
     lature of Texas, Title 32, Chapter 9, Article 1396 there-
     @ and the regulatory articles succeeding said Article
     1396 and contained in said Chapter 9 together with all
     amendments thereto, do hereby form and incorporate our-
     selves into a voluntary association for a Benevolent
     w-we,    more particularly set out in Article 2 here-
     after, and to that end we hereby adopt and subscribe
     the following:" (Underscoring ours.)

          Article 1396 of the Revised Civil Statutes of Texas, 1925,
Title 32, Chapter 9, reads as follows:

          "Any religious society, charitable, benevolent,
     literary or social association (other than colleges,
     universities, academies or seminaries), and any military
                                                    ,-,



Honorable Wm. J. Lawson, Page 3



    or fire company, may, by the consent of a majority
    of its members become a body corporate under this
    title, electing directors or trustees, and perform-
    ing such other things as are directed in the case of
    other corporations; and when so organized shall have
    all the powers and privileges, and be subject to all
    the restrictions in this title contained, for the
    objects named in the charter, and shall have the same
    power to make by-laws for the regulation of their
    affairs as other corporations."

          Said certificate of incorporation, in Article 2 there!Of,
states the purpose and cause as follows:

          "Article 2~ Purpose and Powers. The benevolent
     purpose for which this Corporation is formed is to
     manage and operate, under appropriate agreements,
     in the interest of the United States of America and
     the members of the Corporation as occupants thereof.
     Defense Housing Project TEX-41091, constructed by
     the United States, through the Federal Works Admin-
     :istrator,in the town of Grand Prairie, County of
     Dallas, Texas, known as Avion Village, in order to
     provide housing for families of persons engaged in
     national defense activities pursuant to an act of
P    Congress approved October 14, 1940 (54 Stat. ll25),
     iasamended, known as the Lanham Act, and similar pro-
     .jectsin the State of Texas for the housing of other
     :?ersons,as may be agreed upon bythe Corporation
     ;andthe United States; to maintain, protect and safe-
     guard the Project and Project property and secure
     to the Government the orderly and regular receipt
     (ofrentals, installment payments and all other charges
     thereon and revenues therefrom; by becoming the pur-
     chaser thereof to enable the Government to dispose of
     said Project and Project property as required by Sec-
     tion 4 of said Act of Congress, upon the termination
     of the present emergency as declared thereunder by
     the President of the United States or prior thereto,
     ,sndthereby assure the continued usefulness and oc-
     cupancy of the Project thereafter; to serve as the
     medium and means by which the residents and occupants
     of the Project and houses thereon, as members of the
     Corporation, through corporate owner-shipof the Project
     and Project property on a non-profit mutual participa-
     tion plan, obtain the benefits and security of homes
     and permanent shelter for their families'and construc-
     tive community planning under management of their own
     choosing in keeping with recognized standards of Safety,
     health and wholesome living, together with such services,
     goods, supplies and facilities as are necessary or de-
     sirable for the operation of the homes, and in addition
                                                                       .    .



Honorable Wm. J. Lawson, Page 4



    thereto benefits which contribute to their general
    welfare including health, recreation and education,
    as citizens of the community. The Corporation shall
    have full powers to accomplish the benevolent pur-
    pose for which it is organized, and in the exercise
    thereof shall have each and every power granted to
    corporations organized under the laws of the State
    of Texas, and in addition thereto shall have such
    privileges as are extended to it by the United States
    of America or the laws thereof."

          From the purposes expressed in the application for the charter,
quoted above, it is the opinion of this department that the Avion Mutual
Housicg "Corporation' is neither a religious society, a charitable, benev-
olent, literary or social association, nor 8 military or fire company,
within the meaning of those terms as used in Article 1396, supra, author-
izing the incorporation of such societies, associations and companies
under Title 32 of the Revised Civil Statutes of Texas, as amended.

          In the case of State vs, Texas Mutual Life Ins. Co. of Texas,
et al, 51 S. W, (2d) 405 (Reversed in 58 S. W0 (2d) 37, on other grounds)
the court, in speaking of the meaning of the word benevolent, used the
following language:

          "Broadly speaking, the word (benevolent) implies
     'merely wishing well to others; beneficence; doing well.'
     It is a broader term than icharity,' which it includes,
     and with which it is frequently used synonymously.
     Charity in its legal sense implies giving without consi-
     deration or expectation of return, Whereas benevolent
     is applied to any act which is promoted by or has for
     its object the well being of others," (Underscoring ours.)

          In the case of Kansas Masonic Home vs. Board of Commissioners
of Sedgwick County, 1.06P. 1082, 81 Kan. 859, it was held that the words
"benevolent" and "charitable" are nearly synonymous in meaning, and s.8
frequently used are entirely so, especially when applied to purposes or
institutions.

          In the case of Kappa Gamma Rho vs. Marion County, et al, 279
P. 555, the Greek letter society, owning the lot on which its fraternity
house was situated, was held not entitled to have its property exempted
from taxation, as provided by statute, on the ground that it was not a
"benevolent, charitable, litemry or scientific society," within the
meaning of such statute exempting property of such societies from taxa-
tion, The court held that "benevolent societies'; as that term was used
in the statute, meant societies organized with the domimnt purpose of
doing good to others rather than for the convenience of their own members,
and dLd not include a fraternity which was merely beneficial to its own
membe~cs.
Eon. Wm. J. Lawson, Page 5


          While it appears from the application for the charter that the
applicants seek to incorporate as a benevolent corporation, and refer to
the "benevolent purposes for which this corporation is formed," the pur-
pose clause, in our opinion, does not show that the purposes of said cor-
poration are "benevolent" in the sense that said term is used in Title 32
of the Revised Civil Statutes of Texas, dealing with corporations.

          From the purpose clause in the application, it is clearly shown
that thisobjects of the corporation are primarily for the benefit of its
own members, and not for the benefit or well being of others.

          It is true that the purpose clause states that the purpose of
the corporation is "in the interest of the United States of America."
That feature alone, however, does not constitute a benevolent corporation,
as contemplated by our incorporation statutes. Every corporation in
Texas, benevolent or otherwise, must have a purpose that is in the interest
of the 7JnitedStates of America, the State of Texas, and the general pub-
lic, under penalty of being void and unauthorized as against public policy.

          In view of the foregoing, therefore, it is the opinion of this
department, under the facts stated, that the Avion Mutual Housing "Cor-
poration" can not be incorporated under subsection 2 of Article 1302,
Vernon's Annotated Civil Statutes, which provides that private corpora-
tions may be formed for "the support of any benevolent, charitable, edu-
cational or missionary undertaking."

          Whether the charter applied for may be granted under the present
statutes, depends on whether the purpose, as hereinabove quoted, is stated
with surlficientclearness to enable the Secretary of State to determine
that the purpose contemplated is one provided for by Article 1302, supra,
and that the purposes contemplated do not embrace more than one of the
subdivisions of Article 1302, Johnston vs. Townsend, supra.

          From the facts submitted to us in connection with your request
for our opinion, it is the opinion of this department that the purpose is
not so clearly stated in the application for the charter as to clearly
show that it is authorized under any of the present Texas incorporation
statutes and that therefore the application for said charter should be
refused.

          In view of our answer to your first question, your other ques-
tions no longer exist.
                                          Very truly yours,
GROVER SELLERS                         ATTORNEY GENERAL OF TEXAS
EP:RS:hep
This opinion                           BY s/ Edgar Pfeil
Considered and                             Edgar Pfeil
Approved in                                     Assistant
Limited Conference.
                             APPROVED
                              OPINION
                             COMMITTEE
                             BY BWB
                                -   CHAIRMAN
