J-S69042-14


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA                      IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                        PENNSYLVANIA
                           Appellee

                     v.

WANDA LEVAN

                           Appellant                   No. 992 EDA 2014


                Appeal from the Order entered March 5, 2014
            In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
              Criminal Division at No: CP-51-CR-0013964-2013


BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J. , FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., and STABILE, J.

MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.:                          FILED JANUARY 12, 2015

      Appellant Wanda Levan appeals from an order of the Court of Common

Pleas of Philadelphia County (trial court), which dismissed Appellant’s appeal

from the municipal court for failure to appear for a trial de novo.            Upon

review, we affirm.

      The   facts    and   procedural   history   underlying   this   appeal    are

undisputed:
             On October 22, 2013, the Municipal Court of Philadelphia
      heard the [Commonwealth] in its case against [Appellant] on the
      charge of knowingly and intentionally possessing a controlled
      substance (“KIP”). [The municipal court] adjudicated [Appellant]
      guilty, and imposed a sentence of nine months’ probation.
      [Appellant] then filed a timely [n]otice of [a]ppeal for a trial de
      novo before [the trial court]. . . .
             On December 12, 2013, [Appellant] appeared before [the
      trial court] for her [f]ormal] [a]rraignment. On that date, [the
      trial court] issued a subpoena instructing [Appellant] to return to
      [the trial court] for trial on March 5, 2014 at 9:00 a.m. On
      March 5, [2014, Appellant] appeared in the courtroom at
      approximately 9:00 a.m., but shortly thereafter, she departed
      without permission from any court officer. When [the court
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      crier] indicated that [the trial court] was prepared to hear
      [Appellant’s] case and called [Appellant’s] case number,
      [Appellant] was not present in the courtroom. The [c]ourt
      [c]rier searched for [Appellant] in the hallway outside of the
      courtroom, but [the crier’s] efforts yielded no fruit. Determining
      that [Appellant’s] absence constituted a failure to appear for the
      trial de novo, [the trial court] dismissed the appeal and entered
      judgment in accordance with the [m]unicipal [c]ourt judgment.
             Two hours later, [Appellant] returned to the courtroom.
      Seeking reconsideration of the dismissal, defense counsel
      requested a sidebar conversation off the record. During that
      conversation, defense counsel informed [the trial court] that
      [Appellant] had left the courtroom to defecate, with he described
      as a “medical emergency.” Having determined this explanation
      to be incredible, [the trial court] upheld the dismissal and
      sentence.
             [The trial court] dismissed [Appellant’s] appeal pursuant to
      Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 1010(B), adjudicated
      [Appellant] guilty and reinstated the [m]unicipal [c]ourt
      sentence of nine months’ probation. [Appellant] filed a timely
      [n]otice of [a]ppeal and a timely [s]tatement of [e]rrors in
      accordance with [Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)].

Trial Court Opinion, 5/19/14, at 1-2. Following Appellant’s filing of a Rule

1925(b) statement, the trial court issued a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion,

wherein the court concluded it properly dismissed Appellant’s appeal for trial

de novo under Rule 1010(B), relating to procedures for trials de novo,

because Appellant’s “prolonged absence from the courtroom” to relieve

herself was insufficient to establish good cause.        Trial Court Opinion,

5/19/14, at 3.

      On appeal, Appellant essentially raises a single issue for our review:
      Did not the [trial] court err in dismissing Appellant’s de novo
      appeal pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 1010(B), where Appellant, who
      appeared in the court on the day of trial but left the courtroom
      for medical reasons and subsequently returned, did not “fail to
      appear” within the meaning of the Rule, and was not “absent
      without cause?”




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Appellant’s Brief at 3.1         Specifically, Appellant argues that she “did not

disobey the stricture of the Rule [1010(B)],” but to the extent the trial court

reached a contrary conclusion, her failure to follow Rule 1010(B) was a

result “of a medical emergency.”          Id. at 10.   In support of her argument

that she had good cause for her absence, Appellant points out that prior to

leaving the courtroom, she attempted “several times to notify the court, and

obtain permission, through a court officer, of her need to” relieve herself.2

Id.

____________________________________________


1
  To the extent Appellant argues the trial court’s refusal to reinstate her
appeal for trial de novo deprived her of her constitutional right of due
process and trial by jury, or that the trial court should have held a trial de
novo in absentia, we decline to address such arguments on the basis of
waiver. Our review of the entire record indicates Appellant did not raise
these arguments in the trial court. It is well-established law that issues not
raised below, even those of constitutional nature, are waived.             See
Commonwealth v. Miller, 80 A.3d 806, 811 (Pa. Super. 2013) (finding the
appellant’s arguments that Megan’s Law IV violates the Ex Post Facto
Clauses of the United States and Pennsylvania Constitutions waived as a
result of his failure to raise them before the trial court); see also Pa.R.A.P.
302(a) (“Issues not raised in the lower court are waived and cannot be
raised for the first time on appeal.”).       Instantly, Appellant raised the
arguments for the first time in her Rule 1925(b) statement. Claims raised
for the first time in a Rule 1925(b) statement are waived.                 See
Commonwealth v. Melendez-Rodriguez, 856 A.2d 1278, 1287 (Pa.
Super. 2004) (en banc) (where issue was raised for first time in Rule
1925(b) statement, Superior Court refused to address it even though trial
court did so as a matter of leniency).
2
  Insofar as Appellant challenges the trial court’s credibility determinations,
we must reject such a challenge. It is settled that, as a reviewing court, we
are bound by the trial court’s weight of the evidence and credibility
determinations. See Commonwealth v. Sanchez, 907 A.2d 477, 491 (Pa.
2006) (noting where the trial court functions as fact-finder, “appellate courts
(Footnote Continued Next Page)


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      Our standard of review is limited to whether the trial court abused its

discretion or committed an error of law and whether the findings of the trial

court are supported by competent evidence.               See Commonwealth v.

Askins, 761 A.2d 601, 603 (Pa. Super. 2000). The adjudication of the trial

court will not be disturbed on appeal absent a manifest abuse of discretion.

Id. “An abuse of discretion may not be found merely because an appellate

court might have reached a different conclusion, but requires a result of

manifest unreasonableness, or partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will, or such

lack of support as to be clearly erroneous.” Commonwealth v. Diamond,

945 A.2d 252, 258 (Pa. Super. 2008) (citation omitted).

      Rule 1010(B) is located in Chapter 10 of the Pennsylvania Rules of

Criminal Procedure, which governs all proceedings in the Philadelphia

Municipal Courts. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 1000, cmt. Rule 1010(B) provides: “[i]f

the defendant fails to appear for the trial de novo, the Common Pleas Court

judge may dismiss the appeal and thereafter shall enter judgment in the

Court of Common Pleas on the judgment of the Municipal Court judge.” 3

Pa.R.Crim.P.    1010(B).           The    Comment   to   Rule   1010(B)   explains,
                       _______________________
(Footnote Continued)

generally do not substitute their judgments for those of a fact-finder in
matters of credibility”), cert. denied, 551 U.S. 1106 (2007).
3
  Pa.R.Crim.P. 462(D), relating to trials de novo, is the statewide (in all
counties outside of Philadelphia) equivalent of Rule 1010(B) and as such, we
apply Rule 462(D) jurisprudence to address the matter sub judice.
Rule 462(D) provides: “[i]f the defendant fails to appear, the trial judge may
dismiss the appeal and enter judgment in the court of common pleas on the
judgment of the issuing authority.” Pa.R.Crim.P. 462(D).



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“[p]aragraph (B) makes it clear that the Common Pleas Court judge may

dismiss an appeal when the judge determines that the defendant is absent

without cause from the trial de novo.” Id., cmt. Thus, before an appeal for

trial de novo may be dismissed for failure to appear, the trial court must

ascertain whether the absentee defendant had good cause for his absence.

See Commonwealth v. Akinsanmi, 55 A.3d 539, 540-41 (Pa. Super.

2012) (noting “[w]hen a defendant does not appear for the summary appeal

and does not provide an excuse, dismissal of the appeal is proper.

Conversely, when good cause for the absence is shown, a new trial should

be granted.”) (citations omitted).

      Instantly, we agree with the trial court’s conclusion that Appellant

failed to appear for her trial de novo under the plain meaning of Rule

1010(B) because she was not present in the courtroom when her case was

called. Thus, we must resolve only the question of whether Appellant had

good cause for her absence. The record reveals that, prior to dismissing the

appeal, the trial court granted Appellant an opportunity to explain why she

failed to be present at her trial de novo.     In this regard, counsel for

Appellant explained to the court: “[Appellant] was present this morning.

She had a medical emergency. She left, she tried to get my attention, she

tried to get the [c]ourt’s attention and what happened is what happened.

She is here.” N.T., 3/5/14, at 7.

      Responding to Appellant’s counsel’s explanation, the trial court,

stated:

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      [Appellant] failed to appear for a period of two hours. The
      stated excuse for that failure to appear is that she needed to
      leave to take care of her relieving herself. It doesn’t take two
      hours to do that.
        ....
      [Defendants] are required to appear when [their] case is called.
      The fact that [Appellant] appeared earlier in the day, and then
      left, and then came back, there is still a failure to appear under
      the English definition of failure to appear.

Id. at 7-8 (emphasis added). Given the record in this case, we agree with

the trial court’s decision to dismiss Appellant’s appeal for trial de novo.

Particularly with respect to the issue of good cause, the trial court found

Appellant’s “use of the restroom did not justify her prolonged absence from

the courtroom.”   Trial Court Opinion, 5/19/14, at 3.     The trial court also

found:
      [Appellant] was aware of her trial date: she arrived at the
      courtroom on the morning of her trial.    Nevertheless, she
      departed from the courtroom without permission and did not
      return for approximately two hours. . . .
            When [Appellant] returned, the [trial court] honored her
      attorney’s request to discuss [Appellant’s] truancy off the record.
      After entertaining defense counsel’s explanation for the absence
      and finding it to be unsatisfactory, [the trial court] found that
      [Appellant] had failed to appear within the meaning of Rule
      1010(B).

Id. at 4.     Accordingly, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in

dismissing Appellant’s appeal because Appellant failed to demonstrate good

cause for her absence at her trial de novo.

      Order affirmed.




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Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 1/12/2015




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