                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                           APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
    This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
 internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.




                                                     SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                     APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                     DOCKET NO. A-3970-17T3


IN THE MATTER OF THE ESTATE
OF SHELDON BIBER,

     Deceased.
______________________________

                Argued May 15, 2019 – Decided June 11, 2019

                Before Judges Koblitz, Currier and Mayer.

                On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey,
                Chancery Division, Morris County, Docket No. P-
                0350-2009.

                Frederick W. Claybrook, Jr., of the District of
                Columbia Bar, admitted pro hac vice, argued the cause
                for appellant/cross-respondent Joshua Biber (Arthur C.
                Hopkins and Frederick W. Claybrook, Jr., attorneys;
                Frederick W. Claybrook, Jr. and Arthur C. Hopkins, Jr.,
                on the briefs).

                Jonathan F. Donath argued the cause for respondent/
                cross-appellant Peter Biber (Coughlin Duffy LLP,
                attorneys; Jason A. Meisner and Jonathan F. Donath, of
                counsel and on the briefs; Michael A. Spizzuco, Jr., on
                the briefs).

PER CURIAM
        Appellant Joshua Biber 1 appeals from a December 20, 2016 order denying

his cross-motion for summary judgment as moot and granting the motion for

summary judgment filed on behalf of respondent Peter Biber. In addition,

Joshua appeals from a March 29, 2018 order dismissing his objections to Peter's

formal accounting in the Estate of Sheldon Biber (Estate). Peter cross-appeals

from the March 29, 2018 order because the probate court did not expressly rule

on his request for counsel fees. We affirm the challenged orders on appeal and

cross-appeal.

        Peter and his brother Sheldon Biber are the only children of Anna Biber.2

Anna owned a home in Morristown, where she lived with Sheldon, until she

moved into a nursing home. In 1994, when Anna's health began to decline, Peter

was appointed her guardian. In 1998, Anna's healthcare expenses increased

significantly. As a result, Peter and Sheldon agreed that Sheldon would take

title to Anna's house for Medicaid planning purposes.        On July 31, 1998,

Medicaid "vetted the transaction and approved the decision to transfer the




1
  Because appellant and respondent share the same last name, we refer to the
parties by their first names. No disrespect is intended.
2
    Joshua is Sheldon's only child.


                                                                         A-3970-17T3
                                        2
property" to Sheldon.3 Anna was deemed Medicaid eligible effective June 1,

1998.

        In 1998, Peter sought to be compensated for payment from his own funds

for Anna's healthcare costs and other expenses related to the house.            To

accomplish that objective, on April 3, 1998, Peter executed a mortgage on the

house.4 The mortgage was between Anna, signed by Peter as Anna's guardian,

and Peter in his personal capacity. The mortgage secured a "loan" of $30,000

due upon the sale of the house or Sheldon's death, whichever occurred first. In

the event Peter made any repairs or incurred other expenses related to the house,

the mortgage provided the cost would be added to the principal due under the

mortgage.

        On April 3, 1998, Sheldon signed a deed, obtaining title to the house. The

deed stated the conveyance of the property was subject to the April 3, 1998

mortgage.

        Anna died in 2000. Sheldon continued living in the house after Anna's

death. From 1998 until Sheldon's death in 2008, Peter paid all expenses related



3
   Joshua conceded that the transfer of the house to his father "was both
reasonable and necessary" under the "'caretaker exception' of the Medicaid law."
4
    The mortgage was recorded in June 1998.
                                                                          A-3970-17T3
                                         3
to the house, including utilities and property taxes. Peter kept records of the

expenses related to the house.

      In February 2009, Peter was appointed as the Estate's administrator. The

Estate's only asset was the house and Peter was the Estate's only creditor. As of

2009, Joshua knew Peter had a lien against the house and that the lien

represented expenses incurred by Peter related to Anna and Sheldon and

maintaining the house.

      After his appointment as the Estate's administrator, Peter spent $45,000 to

repair the house because Sheldon neglected the home while he lived there. Peter

tried to sell the house for $365,000. Due to the condition of the home, Peter

sold the house for the best offer, $295,000. Peter notified Joshua that he planned

to take $165,000 from the proceeds of the sale of the house to repay himself for

the expenses related to Anna and Sheldon and maintenance of the house.

      Peter offered to provide Joshua with an informal accounting of his

expenses. Joshua responded that he intended to seek to void the mortgage,

claiming Peter's execution of the mortgage was a breach of his fiduciary duties

to Anna.

      In March 2012, Joshua filed a verified complaint to compel an Estate

accounting. Four years passed without any resolution of the Estate or the filing


                                                                          A-3970-17T3
                                        4
of an accounting. In May 2016, Peter filed a summary judgment motion seeking

to dismiss Joshua's complaint, and Joshua filed a cross-motion for partial

summary judgment seeking to void the mortgage.

      In December 2016, the probate court dismissed Joshua's complaint,

finding that, while the mortgage was "facially suspect,"5 Joshua lacked standing

to contest the mortgage. The judge rejected Joshua's argument that N.J.S.A.

3B:14-36 precluded Peter's transfer of Anna's property to Sheldon. The judge

explained any "sale or encumbrance to the fiduciary, his spouse, agent or

attorney . . . is voidable by any person interested in the estate . . . ." N.J.S.A.

3B:14-36. The judge found the transfer of the house in 1998 was not to Peter,

or his spouse, agent or attorney, but was to Peter's brother, Sheldon. Under the

statute, only Sheldon had standing to void the transaction. The probate judge

noted that Sheldon "did not seek to void the mortgage – in fact, he did the exact

opposite, he enjoyed the benefits of a transaction that his son [Joshua] now seeks

to disavow and void."

      The probate judge found "Medicaid vetted the transaction and approved

the decision to transfer the property, in effect, legally ratifying [the mortgage


5
  The probate judge noted that Rule 4:94-1 requires court approval of real estate
transactions involving an incapacitated person. Neither the mortgage nor deed
were court approved in this case.
                                                                           A-3970-17T3
                                        5
and deed]." The judge also found the mortgage and deed were "factually ratified

by [Sheldon], who was the undisputed beneficiary of this home for over [ten]

years." The judge concluded, "there is nothing in the record to suggest that

[Sheldon] ever complained of, or filed legal action, to upset this transaction" for

the ten years Sheldon lived in the home until his death. The judge declined to

"open a 'Pandora's Box' where beneficiaries challenge estate planning and

guardianship decisions decades after the fact, with no evidence other than

general unsubstantiated claims that those decisions were unlawful."

      Even though the probate judge granted Peter's motion for summary

judgment, Joshua received a partial victory as Peter was ordered to provide an

updated formal accounting.      Joshua was allowed to file objections to the

expenses identified in Peter's formal accounting.

      Peter provided an updated formal accounting, including attorney's fees

associated with the probate action, and Joshua filed objections to that

accounting. Joshua's objections incorporated his earlier objections to Peter's

informal accounting and renewed his challenge to the validity of the mortgage.

      On March 29, 2018, the probate judge dismissed Joshua's objections to

Peter's formal accounting, finding Peter provided sufficient evidence to support

the expenses. The judge found "credible that Peter . . . incurred a mountain of


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                                        6
expenses in caring for his mother, brother and their respective Estates during

and after their respective lifetimes." In addition, the judge concluded "there is

sufficient evidence to support the accounting and expenses taken by Peter . . . ."

The judge stated he would "not countenance or support asking [Peter to] recreate

his records for over twenty years . . . ." The judge also rejected Joshua's attempt

to relitigate validity of the mortgage and the expenses that Peter incurred related

to Anna and maintaining Sheldon in the Morristown home because the court

addressed and rejected those same arguments in the December 16, 2016 order.

The judge concluded, "[t]his matter has been litigated for no apparent reason

other than [Joshua's] displeasure that he was de facto disinherited by reason of

[his] father's insolvency." 6

      On appeal, Joshua argues he has standing to contest the mortgage. Joshua

also contends Peter's formal accounting of certain expenses failed for lack of

evidentiary support. Joshua further asserts Peter should not have been allowed

to charge legal fees related to the validity of the mortgage to the Estate.

      We review a trial court's grant or denial of summary judgment de novo,

applying the same standard as the trial court. Henry v. N.J. Dep't of Human



6
  Between the legal fees incurred in the probate litigation and the $165,000 in
Estate and other expenses incurred by Peter, the Estate was depleted.
                                                                              A-3970-17T3
                                        7
Servs., 204 N.J. 320, 330 (2010). We must determine whether a genuine issue

of material fact exists, entitling the moving party to judgment as a matter of law.

N.J. Dep't of Envtl. Prot. v. Alloway Twp., 438 N.J. Super. 501, 507 (App. Div.

2015).   We defer to a trial court's factual findings that are supported by

substantial, credible evidence. Gnall v. Gnall, 222 N.J. 414, 428 (2015); Rova

Farms Resort v. Inv'rs Ins. Co., 65 N.J. 474, 483-84 (1974).

      The probate court properly concluded Joshua lacked standing to void the

mortgage as a matter of law because Joshua had no interest in Anna's estate

during her lifetime. N.J.S.A. 3B:14-36 provides:

            Any sale or encumbrance to the fiduciary, his spouse,
            agent or attorney, or any corporation or trust in which
            he has a substantial beneficial interest, or any
            transaction which is affected by a substantial conflict
            of interest on the part of the fiduciary, is voidable by
            any person interested in the estate except one who has
            consented after fair disclosure, unless:

            a. The will or a contract entered into by the decedent
               expressly authorized the transaction; or

            b. The transaction is approved by the court after notice
               to interested persons.

      The statute allows only persons with an interest in an estate to void self-

dealing encumbrances by a fiduciary. In this case, the only person with an

interest in Anna's estate was Sheldon, and he never sought to void the transfer


                                                                           A-3970-17T3
                                        8
of the house. To the contrary, Sheldon benefitted for ten years by living in the

house without contributing to any of its expenses. In addition, the transfer of

the home was to Sheldon, not to Peter, his spouse, agent, or his attorney, and

there was no conflict of interest under the statute.

      We next consider Joshua's challenge to the probate court's approval of

Estate expenses claimed by Peter, totaling nearly $165,000. The expenses

included property taxes, maintenance, repairs, and utilities for the house. The

mortgage expressly provided that repairs for the property and payment of liens,

taxes, and insurance would be added to the principal amount of the mortgage,

bear interest at the same rate, and be repaid to Peter on demand. In accordance

with the terms of the mortgage, Peter's expenses related to the house were

proper.

      Regarding expenses incurred by Peter in caring for Anna, including her

healthcare and funeral expenses, Joshua lacked standing to contest those

expenses eighteen years after Anna's death. As for expenses incurred on behalf

of Sheldon, his primary asset was the house he acquired in 1998. Peter provided

documentation, which the probate court found "sufficient," in support of the

expenses incurred by Peter that allowed Sheldon to remain in the house despite

Sheldon's lack of income to pay those expenses.


                                                                        A-3970-17T3
                                         9
      Peter's payment of property taxes and other expenses related to the house

was unrefuted. Joshua offered no evidence to the contrary. Joshua never sought

to depose Peter. Nor did Joshua serve any subpoenas seeking information to

contradict Peter's proffered expenses. Joshua simply contended, without any

foundation, the claimed expenses were not incurred by Peter. Joshua's assertion

overlooked the fact that Sheldon had insufficient income to pay property taxes,

utilities, or other expenses associated with his living in the house. Absent any

evidence to dispute Peter's payment of such expenses, the probate court properly

rejected Joshua's objections to all expenses.

      Moreover, the probate judge found Peter's formal accounting, with

attached documentation, had a sufficient evidentiary basis. The probate judge

rejected Joshua's demand that Peter "recreate his records for over twenty years."

More importantly, many of the records substantiating the expenses Peter

incurred were no longer available due to the significant passage of time and

Joshua's delay in challenging the expenses.

      Joshua also challenges legal fees Peter charged to the Estate, arguing the

fees were unrelated to the Estate's administration and were attributable to Peter's

collection of his debt from the Estate. Peter is entitled to attorneys' fees under

the mortgage, including fees incurred in defending Joshua's legal challenge to


                                                                           A-3970-17T3
                                       10
the validity of the mortgage. The probate judge properly approved Peter's legal

fees and costs in defending against Joshua's challenge to the mortgage in

accordance with the terms of the mortgage.

      We next consider Peter's cross-appeal. Peter requested attorney's fees

pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2A:15-59.1 and Rule 1:4-8, claiming Joshua pursued the

probate litigation without basis in law or fact. 7

      The grant or denial of attorney's fees as a sanction for frivolous litigation

lies within the trial court's sound discretion. Tagayun v. AmeriChoice of N.J.,

Inc., 446 N.J. Super. 570, 577 (App. Div. 2016). Frivolous litigation includes

the submission of pleadings "in bad faith, solely for the purpose of harassment,

delay or malicious injury," or pleadings that lack "any reasonable basis in law

or equity and could not be supported by a good faith argument for an extension,

modification or reversal of existing law." N.J.S.A. 2A:15-59.1(b)(1), (2);

Tagayun, 446 N.J. Super. at 577-78. "Sanctions are not to be issued lightly; they

are reserved for particular instances where a party's pleading is found to be

'completely untenable,' or where 'no rational argument can be advanced in its

support[.]'" McDaniel v. Man Wai Lee, 419 N.J. Super. 482, 499 (App. Div.


7
   During the appellate oral argument, counsel clarified that Peter's request for
counsel fees and costs was limited to the costs and fees incurred after the
issuance of the December 20, 2016 order.
                                                                           A-3970-17T3
                                        11
2011) (alteration in original) (quoting United Hearts, L.L.C. v. Zahabian, 407

N.J. Super. 379, 389 (App. Div. 2009)).

      Here, Joshua's objections to Peter's accounting claims did not lack rational

basis in law or fact. Nor did the objections evince an intent to harass, delay, or

injure. Joshua, as an heir and beneficiary of the Estate, had the right to examine

Peter's use of Estate funds to pay expenses. Although not specifically addressed

by the probate court, the judge inferentially concluded Joshua's objections were

not frivolous as he expressly required Peter to provide Joshua with an updated

formal accounting and allowed Joshua to file objections to that accounting.

Having considered the record, the probate judge did not abuse his discretion by

declining to address Peter's request for counsel fees under the circumstances.

      Affirmed.




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                                       12
