J-A28001-19


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    BASHEER HAIRSTON                           :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 2276 EDA 2018

         Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 28, 2018
             In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
             Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0005084-2017


BEFORE:      PANELLA, P.J., STABILE, J., and COLINS, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, P.J.:                            FILED MARCH 03, 2020

        Appellant, Basheer Hairston, appeals from his judgment of sentence for

possession of a controlled substance, alprazolam, and possession of

marijuana. Specifically, the trial court convicted Appellant after a bench trial

of knowingly and intentionally possessing 119 Xanax pills and 13 jars of

marijuana.1 The court sentenced Appellant to one year of reporting probation,

which was to run concurrently to any other sentence previously imposed.

        Appellant argues that the police did not have reasonable suspicion or

probable cause to “stop, detain, search, and seize him.” Appellant’s Brief at 7.

He filed a motion to suppress and the court held a hearing on May 12, 2018.

The trial court denied the motion on the same day.

____________________________________________


*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1   35 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 780-113(a)(16) & (a)(31).
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      Our careful review of the record, however, shows that Appellant has

misinterpreted the standard by which we evaluate reasonable suspicion and

probable cause and fails to recognize that we must consider the totality of the

circumstances as viewed through the eyes of a trained police officer. Applying

this standard and taking into account not only the street transaction observed

by the police but also Appellant’s behavior, the location, and the bag in

Appellant’s possession which clearly contained “small blue and green pills,”

N.T. 6/28/18 at 24, we conclude the police did have probable cause to arrest

Appellant. Therefore, we affirm.

      The trial court accurately set forth the relevant facts of this case, all of

which is supported in the record:

                During the underlying trial, Police Officer Sean Foley
         testified that on March 31, 2017 at approximately 4:30
         p.m., he and Officer Mitchell were on routine patrol in full
         uniform in an unmarked police vehicle driving westbound
         on the 600 block of Lippincott Street. Officer Foley also
         testified that as his vehicle turned onto Lippincott Street
         from “F” Street, he could see the Defendant on his right-
         hand side, having a conversation with a Hispanic male in
         front of a vacant lot at 665 Lippincott Street. Further,
         Officer Foley testified that as his vehicle was approximately
         ten (10) feet from the Defendant, he could see the
         Defendant pull a clear sandwich bag form his right pants
         pocket containing a large amount of small blue and green
         pills. Officer Foley goes on to state that due to the large
         amount of pills in the clear bag, it was “relatively easy for
         him to see”.

               According to Officer Foley, after the aforementioned
         observations were made he instructed his partner, Officer
         Mitchell, to stop their vehicle so they could effectuate the
         Defendant’s arrest. Officer Foley testified that he recovered
         $63.00 in United States Currency, thirteen (13) jars of

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          marijuana and the previously observed clear sandwich bag
          filled with . . . [one hundred and nine-teen (119)] pills from
          the Defendant incident to arrest. Finally, Officer Foley
          testified that the pills recovered were later confirmed by
          poison control to be Xanax.

Trial Court Opinion, 1-8-19, at 2-3 (footnote and internal citations to the

record omitted).

      At the suppression hearing, Officer Foley testified that he has been

involved in over a thousand narcotics arrests in the district where this incident

occurred. He further testified that he immediately recognized the pills in the

clear sandwich bag as being “Xanies” or “Tombstones.” N.T. 5/12/18 at 13-

15.

      Appellant has now filed an appeal to this Court, raising one question for

our review:

         Did the trial court err, abuse its discretion, and/or make a mistake of
         law when it denied Appellant’s Motion to Suppress and later after trial
         found Appellant guilty of possession of marijuana and 119 Xanax
         pills, pursuant to the specific circumstances in which the narcotics
         were allegedly recovered?

Appellant's Brief at 2.

      The role of this Court in reviewing the denial of a suppression motion is

well established:

          An appellate court's standard of review in addressing a
          challenge to a trial court's denial of a suppression motion
          is limited to determining whether the factual findings are
          supported by the record and whether the legal conclusions
          drawn from those facts are correct. Since the prosecution
          prevailed in the suppression court, we may consider only
          the evidence of the prosecution and so much of the
          evidence for the defense as remains uncontradicted when

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         read in the context of the record as a whole. Where the
         record supports the factual findings of the trial court, we
         are bound by those facts and may reverse only if the legal
         conclusions drawn therefrom are in error.

Commonwealth v. Wells, 916 A.2d 1192, 1194-95 (Pa. Super. 2007)

(citation omitted). Although we are bound by the factual and the credibility

determinations of the trial court that are supported in the record, we review

any legal conclusions de novo. See Commonwealth v. George, 878 A.2d

881, 883 (Pa. Super. 2005).

      Additionally, our scope of review is limited to the record developed at

the suppression hearing, considering the evidence presented by the

Commonwealth as the prevailing party and any uncontradicted evidence

presented by Appellant. Commonwealth v. Fulton, 179 A.3d 475, 487 (Pa.

2018).

      Appellant asserts that his arrest and the subsequent search were

unlawful. To be lawful, an arrest must be supported by probable cause

sufficient to believe that the person who is to be arrested has committed a

crime. See Commonwealth v. Holton, 906 A.2d 1246, 1249 (Pa. Super.

2006). A police officer must make a common sense decision whether there is

a fair probability that a crime was committed by the suspect. See id. Whether

probable cause exists is a highly fact-sensitive inquiry that must be based on

the totality of the circumstances as viewed through the eyes of a prudent,

reasonable, cautious police officer guided by experience and training. See

Commonwealth v. Clark, 735 A.2d 1248, 1252 (Pa. 1999); see also

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Holton, 906 A.2d at 1249. “Probable cause does not involve certainties, but

rather the factual and practical considerations of everyday life on which

reasonable     and   prudent    [human     beings]   act.” Commonwealth          v.

Wright, 867 A.2d 1265, 1268 (Pa.Super. 2005) (citation and internal

quotation marks omitted).

        Our case law is replete with decisions addressing probable cause for

arrest in the context of drug trafficking on public streets. It is well established

that not every transaction involving unidentified property exchanged on a

street corner gives rise to probable cause for arrest. See Commonwealth v.

Colon, 777 A.2d 1097, 1102 (Pa. Super. 2001). However, when certain other

factors are present, police officers may be justified in concluding that the

transaction is drug-related, and hence that probable cause for arrest

exists. See id. It is important to view all of the facts and the totality of the

circumstances in order to avoid rendering a decision that is “totally devoid of

[the]      commonsensical        inferences      [that     are]     drawn        by

trained police officers with regard to drug activity.” Id. (citation omitted).

        Turning to the case sub judice, we conclude that Officer Foley had

probable cause to arrest Appellant. Officer Foley and Officer Mitchell were on

routine patrol in an unmarked vehicle when they first observed the Appellant

standing near a vacant lot well known for drug sales. See N.T., 5/12/18 at 8.

Both officers, while in an unmarked vehicle, were in full uniform. See id. They

observed a man approach Appellant, and then Appellant reach into his pants


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to remove a clear plastic bag filled with numerous green and blue pills. See

id. at 8-9.

      When Appellant saw the officers’ uniforms as they stopped their vehicle,

he placed the bag of pills bag in his pants. See id. at 9. Officer Foley

recognized the pills as narcotics with street names such as “Tombstones” and

“Xanies.” Id. at 13.

      In light of our controlling case law and taking into account the totality

of the circumstances, we agree with the trial court that police had probable

cause to arrest Appellant. In sum, after careful review of all the circumstances

surrounding this case and the controlling case law, we agree with the trial

court’s decision and affirm Appellant's judgment of sentence.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 3/3/20




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