                                                                                                                           Opinions of the United
2008 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


1-30-2008

Cruz-Jimenez v. Holt
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 07-3459




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Recommended Citation
"Cruz-Jimenez v. Holt" (2008). 2008 Decisions. Paper 1657.
http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2008/1657


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                                                                  NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT


                                       No. 07-3459


                      RAFAEL DANIEL DE LA CRUZ-JIMENEZ,
                                                   Appellant

                                            v.

                                     RONNIE HOLT


                     On Appeal from the United States District Court
                         for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
                            D.C. Civil Action No. 07-cv-1304
                             (Honorable A. Richard Caputo)


                    Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                   January 28, 2008

     Before: SCIRICA, Chief Judge, HARDIMAN and ALDISERT, Circuit Judges.

                                 (Filed: January 30, 2008)


                               OPINION OF THE COURT


PER CURIAM.

       Rafael Daniel De La Cruz-Jimenez appeals from an order of the United States

District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania, which dismissed his petition for a
writ of mandamus. We will dismiss the appeal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2) for

failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted.

       The District Court had jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1361, which gives

district courts authority to compel an officer or employee of the United States or any

agency to perform a duty owed to the plaintiff. We have appellate jurisdiction pursuant to

28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review a court’s mandamus decision for abuse of discretion, but we

review non-discretionary elements de novo. Stehney v. Perry, 101 F.3d 925, 929 (3d Cir.

1996). We note that “Mandamus is an extraordinary remedy that can only be granted

where a legal duty ‘is positively commanded and so plainly prescribed as to be free from

doubt.’” Appalachian States Low-Level Radioactive Waste Com’n v. O’Leary, 93 F.3d

103, 112 (3d Cir. 1996) (quoting Harmon Cove Condominium Ass’n, Inc. v. Marsh, 815

F.2d 949, 951 (3d Cir. 1987)).

       Cruz is serving a prison sentence at the United States Penitentiary, Canaan, for a

criminal conviction. The Immigration and Naturalization Service (which has been

succeeded by the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement) lodged a detainer

against him, as an investigation had been initiated to determine whether Cruz was subject

to removal from the country.1




   1
    On March 1, 2003, the INS’s functions were transferred to the Bureau of
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”) and the U.S. Customs and Immigration
Service (“USCIS”) of the United States Department of Homeland Security. See Knapik
v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 84, 86 n.2 (3d Cir. 2004).

                                             2
       Cruz, who disputes that a detainer has been lodged against him, filed a “Petition

for a Writ of Mandamus or in the alternative, Writ of Prohibition,” in the District Court.

Although it is not entirely clear, it appears that Cruz believes that the document labeled

“Immigration Detainer - Notice of Action,” which is attached to his petition (page 18 of

53), is not a detainer, but instead is simply a “notice.” His petition further demands that if

the prison has a detainer, it must serve him with it. His petition asks, in the alternative,

that if the Court finds that the detainer was a “detainer warrant and not a detainer notice,”

that it construe his petition as a petition for a writ of habeas corpus, and consider his

claim that his due process rights were violated because the detainer had been kept

“secret.”

       Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B), this Court is to dismiss a case at any time,

if, as is the case here, it finds that the case fails to state a claim on which relief may be

granted.2 We can discern no legal duty that the prison warden owes Cruz regarding the

immigration detainer. The prison provided Cruz with a copy of the detainer; it is attached

to his mandamus petition. It may be that Cruz does not believe that the document should

be construed as a detainer, but that is not the proper subject of a writ of mandamus. Cruz

also appears to claim that the prison owes him a duty under the Privacy Act, allegedly



   2
    Because the District Court dismissed the petition without a response, we, like the
District Court, will not reach the issue of whether Cruz exhausted his administrative
remedies. We note, however, based on the documents in the record, that it does not
appear that Cruz exhausted administrative remedies, and the petition also could have been
dismissed on that basis.

                                                3
because it failed to maintain an accurate record concerning him. As the Appellee

properly argues, the extraordinary relief of mandamus would not be available in this

regard, as another remedy would be available, namely, an action under the Privacy Act

pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 552a. Further, we note that the allegations of Cruz’s petition do

not demonstrate that the prison failed to maintain an accurate record; rather, it appears

that his allegations of inaccuracy are based solely on his contention that the document

captioned “Immigration Detainer - Notice of Action” is not a detainer.

       For the foregoing reasons, we will dismiss the appeal.3




   3
     Cruz does not appear to contest the District Court’s alternative holding that to the
extent the petition is construed as a habeas petition, it is without merit. If we were to
reach the issue, we would agree that the detainer is not sufficient to place Cruz in ICE
custody. And, to the extent the petition raises a due process argument based on Cruz’s
classification within the prison, it also fails, as he does not allege any atypical or
significant hardship on the basis of his classification. See Hewitt v. Helms, 459 U.S. 460,
468 (1983); Sandin v. Conner, 515 U.S. 472, 484, 115 (1995).

                                             4
