                                               COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


              Present: Judges Beales, Huff and Senior Judge Clements
UNPUBLISHED




              EVAN SONBERG
                                                                                MEMORANDUM OPINION*
              v.      Record No. 1655-18-1                                          PER CURIAM
                                                                                    JUNE 25, 2019
              CITY OF VIRGINIA BEACH DEPARTMENT
               OF HUMAN SERVICES


                              FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF VIRGINIA BEACH
                                             H. Thomas Padrick, Jr., Judge

                                (W. Andrew Patzig; Patzig Law, on brief), for appellant. Appellant
                                submitting on brief.

                                (Mark D. Stiles, City Attorney; Christopher Boynton, Deputy City
                                Attorney; Rachel Evans, Associate City Attorney; Carla Kithcart,
                                Guardian ad litem for the minor child, on brief), for appellee.
                                Appellee and Guardian ad litem submitting on brief.


                      Evan Sonberg (father) appeals the order terminating his parental rights. Father argues that

              the circuit court erred by (1) terminating his parental rights because “there was a willing relative

              who could care for the child and it was in the child’s best interests to maintain the relationship with

              family relatives;” and (2) changing the foster care goal to adoption. Upon reviewing the record and

              briefs of the parties, we conclude that the circuit court did not err. Accordingly, we affirm the

              decision of the circuit court.




                      *
                          Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
                                          BACKGROUND1

        “On appeal from the termination of parental rights, this Court is required to review the

evidence in the light most favorable to the party prevailing in the circuit court.” Yafi v. Stafford

Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 69 Va. App. 539, 550-51 (2018) (quoting Thach v. Arlington Cty. Dep’t of

Human Servs., 63 Va. App. 157, 168 (2014)).

        The child, who is the subject of this appeal, was born in 2015 to father and Michelle Hobson

(mother). The Department became involved shortly after the child’s birth due to concerns that

mother did not have custody of her other seven children. In July 2015, the City of Virginia Beach

Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court (the JDR court) entered preliminary child protective

orders and adjudicated that the child was at risk of being abused or neglected. The JDR court

placed the child with the paternal grandparents and ordered that mother could have supervised

visitation. Father was permitted to visit with the child at the discretion of the paternal grandparents.

The JDR court ordered mother to submit to a hair follicle test, undergo a parental capacity

evaluation, and take parenting classes, but mother failed to cooperate and comply with the services.

On November 4, 2015, the JDR court awarded sole legal and physical custody of the child to father

and ordered that mother have no contact with the child until further court order.

        On December 8, 2016, the police were dispatched to father’s home. The police knocked on

the door for approximately ten minutes, without a response. The police saw that the child was in the

home, so they knocked down the door and awakened mother and father. The child was in her crib

crying and had a soiled diaper. The police also discovered one hundred marijuana plants and


        1
         The record in this case was sealed. Nevertheless, the appeal necessitates unsealing
relevant portions of the record to resolve the issues appellant has raised. Evidence and factual
findings below that are necessary to address the assignments of error are included in this opinion.
Consequently, “[t]o the extent that this opinion mentions facts found in the sealed record, we
unseal only those specific facts, finding them relevant to the decision in this case. The remainder
of the previously sealed record remains sealed.” Levick v. MacDougall, 294 Va. 283, 288 n.1
(2017).
                                                 -2-
methamphetamine in the home. The police arrested father for two counts of possession of a

Schedule I/II controlled substance with the intent to distribute.2

        Father agreed to a safety plan, placing the child with the paternal grandfather.3 The paternal

grandfather told the Department that he did not agree with the order prohibiting mother from having

contact with the child because he believed that the child should have contact with mother.

        The JDR court entered an emergency removal order on January 18, 2017, and a preliminary

removal order on January 24, 2017. On February 23, 2017, the JDR court adjudicated that the child

was at risk of being abused or neglected. On March 21, 2017, the JDR court entered the

dispositional order. On the same date, the JDR court also amended the 2015 child protective order,

and held that mother’s contact with the child was at the Department’s discretion.

        The paternal grandfather had filed a petition for custody of the child. The Department

coordinated weekly visitation between the child and the paternal grandfather and completed a home

study of the paternal grandfather in April 2017. The Department expressed concern about placing

the child with the paternal grandfather because of his age, health, and lack of support system. The

Department also was doubtful that the paternal grandfather would honor the no contact order

between mother and the child, and it was concerned that the paternal grandfather would not protect

the child if father came to the house. On April 26, 2017, after the home study was completed, the

JDR court dismissed the paternal grandfather’s petition for custody of the child because of the

concerns expressed in the report. The paternal grandfather appealed the custody decision to the

circuit court.




        2
            Father’s criminal matters had not been resolved at the time of the circuit court hearing.
        3
         The paternal grandmother passed away in December 2016 before the child was placed
with the paternal grandfather.
                                            -3-
        The maternal grandmother also filed a petition for custody of the child. As it had with the

paternal grandfather, the Department coordinated supervised visitation with the maternal

grandmother and arranged for a home study of the maternal grandmother. After the home study

was completed, the Department did not recommend placing the child with the maternal

grandmother because she had had substance abuse issues and a 2016 conviction for driving under

the influence. On April 23, 2018, the JDR court dismissed the maternal grandmother’s petition for

custody.

       The Department offered numerous services to mother and father while the child was in

foster care. The Department referred mother to Project Link, where she could receive case

management services; however, mother did not attend the orientation. The Department also

required mother to undergo a substance abuse assessment and parenting capacity evaluation and

participate in individual therapy, group therapy, medication management, substance abuse

assessment, and parenting classes. Mother did not comply with any of these services and was

“oppositional” about the services.

       The Department required father to refrain from all criminal activities. The Department also

required father to undergo a substance abuse assessment and parental capacity evaluation and

participate in co-parenting classes, individual therapy, a medical evaluation, and the Fathers in

Training group. Father did not comply with any of the services offered, except he attended three out

of fifteen classes for the Fathers in Training group. In addition to his drug charges in Virginia

Beach, father was charged in Spotsylvania County with two counts of identity theft and two counts

of stealing a credit card number via computer; however, the Spotsylvania charges were nolle

prosequied in February 2018. The Department would not consider reunification, however, until all

of his criminal matters were resolved.




                                                 -4-
        In addition, mother and father had to submit to a hair follicle test before they were allowed

to visit with the child. In July 2017, mother and father submitted hair follicle tests that appeared to

have been falsified. When the Department confronted them about the tests, the parents denied

falsifying the documents. The Department, however, confirmed that the company purporting to

have conducted the tests did not, in fact, complete any hair follicle tests for the month reported by

the parents. In addition, the tests submitted by the parents did not contain a chain of custody, nor

did they show the cutoff levels, both of which were typically included with a hair follicle test. The

parents never visited with the child while she was in foster care.

        On January 26, 2018, the Department petitioned for the termination of mother’s and father’s

parental rights. On February 7, 2018, at the request of the Department, the JDR court dismissed

without prejudice the Department’s petitions to terminate mother’s and father’s parental rights. On

June 4, 2018, the JDR court approved the foster care goals of adoption and relative placement and

ordered that the parents were to have no contact with the child. The parties appealed the JDR

court’s rulings to the circuit court.

        On October 9, 2018, the parties appeared before the circuit court on the paternal

grandfather’s petition for custody, the termination of mother’s and father’s parental rights, and the

foster care goal of adoption. The Department proffered the circumstances surrounding the removal

of mother’s other seven children and offered into evidence a copy of the Ohio court order

terminating mother’s parental rights to her seventh child. A social worker testified that mother and

father still had not completed any of the Department’s required services.

        Furthermore, the Department informed the circuit court that the child was “thriving” in

foster care and had “made a lot of improvement.” The child had been placed with the same foster

family since she entered foster care, and the foster mother testified that she and her husband were

willing to adopt the child. When the child entered foster care, she had vision and hearing problems,

                                                  -5-
as well as “global developmental delays.” While in foster care, the child had tubes placed in her

ears and started wearing glasses. A hearing test in February 2018 revealed that the child did not

have any hearing loss.

        Once in foster care, the child received physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational

therapy. The child initially could not speak or make sounds, but with the help of her speech

therapist and foster mother, the child learned sign language and started to speak sounds and words.

The child’s speech therapist explained that the child was diagnosed with apraxia, which meant that

she had difficulty putting sounds and words together and processing what was being said to her.

The speech therapist anticipated that the child would need therapy for years. In occupational

therapy, the child worked on her sensory processing issues, poor core strength, and low muscle tone.

The occupational therapist indicated that the child had made “very significant advances in her motor

skills, her ability to be independent, [and] sit and attend.” The child has multiple therapy and doctor

appointments each week.

        In addition, the Department presented evidence regarding its efforts at relative placement.

The paternal grandfather regularly visited with the child. The Department, however, was concerned

about his supervision of the child because during some visits, he fell asleep. During another visit,

the paternal grandfather did not notice that the child had placed chalk in her mouth, and the social

worker had to remove it. During visits, the paternal grandfather appeared slow-moving and had to

rest frequently. In July 2018, the paternal grandfather continued to express to the Department his

dismay that the parents could not have contact with the child. The Department remained concerned

about the paternal grandfather’s ability to protect the child.

        The paternal grandfather, who was seventy-five years old at the time, testified that he

wanted to care for the child. The paternal grandfather took medication for atrial fibrillation,

diabetes, and blood pressure, all of which were under control. He also used a CPAP machine for his

                                                  -6-
sleep apnea and was tested regularly for “minimum” kidney issues. The paternal grandfather

testified that he would honor a no contact order between the child and the parents, but if he had

custody without any court restrictions, then he would “provide more contact” between the child and

the parents. He also stated that he would take the child to all of her appointments.

        Neither mother nor father testified. At the conclusion of the evidence and arguments, the

circuit court denied the paternal grandfather’s petition for custody. The circuit court found that the

Department had presented clear and convincing evidence to support the termination of father’s

parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)(2) and that termination of father’s parental rights was in

the best interest of the child.4 The circuit court also approved the foster care goal of adoption. This

appeal followed.

                                             ANALYSIS

        “On review, ‘[a] trial court is presumed to have thoroughly weighed all the evidence,

considered the statutory requirements, and made its determination based on the child’s best

interests.’” Castillo v. Loudoun Cty. Dep’t of Family Servs., 68 Va. App. 547, 558 (2018)

(quoting Logan v. Fairfax Cty. Dep’t of Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128 (1991)). “Where, as

here, the court hears the evidence ore tenus, its finding is entitled to great weight and will not be

disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Fauquier Cty. Dep’t

of Soc. Servs. v. Ridgeway, 59 Va. App. 185, 190 (2011) (quoting Martin v. Pittsylvania Cty.

Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 3 Va. App. 15, 20 (1986)).




        4
         The circuit court also terminated mother’s parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)(2)
and (E), and mother appealed that ruling to this Court, as well as the ruling approving the foster
care goal of adoption. See Hobson v. City of Virginia Beach Dep’t of Human Servs., Record
Nos. 1655-18-1 and 0260-19-1.
                                               -7-
                                          Relative placement

       Father argues that the circuit court erred by terminating his parental rights instead of placing

the child with the paternal grandfather because the paternal grandfather had testified about his

willingness and ability to care for the child, provide a permanent home for the child, and protect the

child. Father also emphasizes that the circuit court heard evidence about the paternal grandfather’s

relationship with the child. Father asserts that based on this evidence, the circuit court should have

placed the child with the paternal grandfather.

       Before terminating a parent’s rights, “the court shall give a consideration to granting

custody to relatives of the child, including grandparents.” Code § 16.1-283(A). “This Court has

held that this provision obligates [the Department] ‘to produce sufficient evidence so that the

court may properly determine whether there are relatives willing and suitable to take custody of

the child, and to consider such relatives in comparison to other placement options.’” Castillo, 68

Va. App. at 567 (quoting Brown v. Spotsylvania Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 43 Va. App. 205, 217

(2004)). Accord Hawthorne v. Smyth Cty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 33 Va. App. 130, 136 (2000);

Logan, 13 Va. App. at 131. We do not disturb the circuit court’s ruling that there were no

suitable relative placements because “this Court defers to a lower court’s judgment based on

evidence heard ore tenus unless plainly wrong or without support.” Castillo, 68 Va. App. at 568.

       The Department presented evidence of its investigation into placing the child with the

paternal grandfather, the maternal grandmother, and other possible relatives. The Department

submitted its home assessment of the paternal grandfather, which included the Department’s

concerns about placing the child with the paternal grandfather, especially his health and

commitment to no contact with mother and father.

       The paternal grandfather had filed a petition for custody and testified at the circuit court

hearing. He testified about his age, his health, and his home. He expressed his desire to care for

                                                  -8-
the child, but also his belief that mother and father should have contact with her. The paternal

grandfather also testified that he was not familiar with the child’s therapies. He admitted that he

fell asleep during some of the visits and explained, “Sometimes I just sit there and close my eyes

because my eyes get tired . . . .” He also acknowledged that during one of the visits, the child

had placed chalk in her mouth and he had not realized it.

        Before she entered foster care, the child had lived with the paternal grandfather and

father. After she entered foster care, the Department discovered that the child could not speak,

and it was uncertain whether she could hear. Once in foster care, the child received eyeglasses,

had tubes placed in her ears, and participated in speech therapy, occupational therapy, and

physical therapy. The foster mother and the child’s therapists testified about the child’s progress,

but they also discussed her future needs. The child was three years old at the time of the circuit

court hearing and had been in the same foster care placement since she was eighteen months old.

The foster parents were willing to adopt her. The foster mother further testified that she would

be willing “to continue some sort of relationship” between the child and the paternal grandfather

as long as it was in the child’s best interests.

        The circuit court considered the totality of the evidence and held that it was not in the child’s

best interest to grant custody of the child to the paternal grandfather. The circuit court found that

the child had “significant physical and mental issues.” The paternal grandfather was seventy-five

years old and “in pretty good shape,” but “not in the best condition.” The circuit court expressed

concern about “what kind of condition he’s going to be in when he’s 80, keeping up with a

three-year-old.” The circuit court acknowledged that the paternal grandfather had visited regularly,

had “done everything he[] [was] supposed to do,” and had “tried to create an environment that [was]

good for the child.” Although the paternal grandfather “would be a positive influence” in the

child’s life, the circuit court found that “it would be really difficult for the grandfather” to raise the

                                                   -9-
child. The circuit court concluded that the child needed a “permanent home,” which the paternal

grandfather would be unable to provide in the long term.

        The circuit court clearly considered relative placement before it terminated father’s parental

rights. Contrary to father’s arguments, there is credible evidence in the record that supports the

circuit court’s decision not to place the child with the paternal grandfather.

                                     Foster care goal of adoption

        Father also now argues on appeal that the circuit court erred by changing the foster care goal

to adoption. However, father did not appeal the order approving the foster care goal. Therefore, we

cannot consider his arguments that are associated with his second assignment of error. Rule 5A:6;

see Turner v. Commonwealth, 2 Va. App. 96 (1986).

                                           CONCLUSION

        For the foregoing reasons, the circuit court’s ruling is affirmed.

                                                                                            Affirmed.




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