                                                                      Aug 19 2013, 5:42 am



FOR PUBLICATION


APPELLANT PRO SE:                           ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:

DERIK A. BLOCKER                            PHILLIP A. NORMAN
Merrillville, Indiana                       Valparaiso, Indiana


                              IN THE
                    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA


DERIK A. BLOCKER and TAMMI BLOCKER,         )
                                            )
      Appellants,                           )
                                            )
             vs.                            )       No. 45A03-1211-MF-479
                                            )
U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION as           )
TRUSTEE for the CERTIFICATEHOLDERS          )
CITIGROUP MORTGAGE LOAN TRUST INC.          )
ASSET-BACKED PASS-THROUGH                   )
CERTIFICATE SERIES 2007-AHL3,               )
                                            )
      Appellee.                             )


                     APPEAL FROM THE LAKE SUPERIOR COURT
                         The Honorable William E. Davis, Judge
                            Cause No. 45D05-1112-MF-434



                                  August 19, 2013

                           OPINION - FOR PUBLICATION


BARNES, Judge
                                     Case Summary

       Derik and Tammi Blocker appeal the trial court’s summary judgment and decree

of foreclosure entered in favor of U.S. Bank National Association as Trustee for the

Certificateholders Citigroup Mortgage Loan Trust Inc. Asset-Backed Pass-Through

Certificates Series 2007-AHL3 (“U.S. Bank”). We affirm.

                                           Issue

       The restated issue before us is whether there are any genuine issues of material

fact that would preclude the entry of a decree of foreclosure in favor of U.S. Bank.

                                          Facts

       On February 26, 2007, the Blockers signed a promissory note for $162,350.00

with Accredited Home Lenders, Inc., (“Accredited”) to finance the purchase of their

home in Merrillville, and also executed a mortgage with Accredited to secure payment of

the loan.   Accredited’s nominee, Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc.,

(“MERS”) later assigned the mortgage to U.S. Bank. There are two such assignments in

the record, one that was recorded on October 13, 2011, and one that was recorded on

December 9, 2011.

       The Blockers stopped paying the loan beginning with the monthly payment due in

June 2011, when the principal balance was $157,473.83. U.S. Bank initiated foreclosure

proceedings on December 30, 2011. On February 27, 2012, a Marcus Lenton, Jr., of

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Chicago sent a personal, non-certified check for $180,000.00 to U.S. Bank on behalf of

the Blockers to pay off their loan. The Blockers had previously named Lenton as their

attorney-in-fact; the Blockers never hired an attorney-at-law to represent them. On the

back of the check in the endorsement box, Lenton had written, “NOT FOR DEPOSIT

EFT ONLY!!!”       App. p. 123.    U.S. Bank did not attempt to cash this check.        It

subsequently informed the Blockers that their debt could be paid off only via certified

funds, such as a money order, cashier’s check, or wire transfer.

       The parties held a settlement conference on April 27, 2012. At this conference,

the Blockers apparently presented U.S. Bank’s representatives with documents prepared

by Lenton, which the Blockers contend represented a “payment instrument to discharge

the alleged debt . . . .” Id. at 76. These documents included a “Lawful Order for Money”

directed to the United States Treasury Department requesting a “Charge to the Drawee’s

[Lenton’s] Account the Value of the SUM CERTAIN AMOUNT OF: $200,000.” Id. at

86. A separate letter from Lenton to the Secretary of the Treasury stated that the

$200,000 was, “[a]s you know, . . . a public debt obligation of the United States.” Id. at

84. Lenton had also prepared a “UCC Financing Statement” requesting that U.S. Bank

assign and release their interest in the Blockers’ home in exchange for Lenton’s

“INTERNATIONAL BILL OF EXCHANGE” in the amount of $200,000.00. Id. at 83.

U.S. Bank did not accept these documents as payment for the Blockers’ indebtedness.

       On July 24, 2012, U.S. Bank filed a motion for summary judgment. On August 1,

2012, the Blockers filed a response.      On that same day, the Blockers presented a

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document to U.S. Bank that was labeled an “International Promissory Note (UNCITRAL

Convention),” written for the amount of $200,000.00. Id. at 98. The document was not

written against any bank account; instead, it was written against the “Marcus J. Lenton Jr

Trust” as drawee and Lenton himself as drawer. Id. U.S. Bank refused to accept this

document as payment for the Blockers’ indebtedness.

       The trial court scheduled a hearing for October 11, 2012. On September 14, 2012,

the Blockers served interrogatories and a request for production of documents upon U.S.

Bank and demanded a response by October 11, 2012. U.S. Bank did not respond to either

document, and the trial court held the summary judgment hearing as scheduled. On

October 16, 2012, the trial court granted summary judgment and entered a decree of

foreclosure in favor of U.S. Bank. The Blockers now appeal pro se.

                                        Analysis

       We will affirm a trial court’s grant of summary judgment only if no genuine issues

of material facts exist and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Reed v.

Reid, 980 N.E.2d 277, 303 (Ind. 2012) (citing Ind. Trial Rule 56(C)).        Any doubts

concerning the existence of a genuine issue of material fact must be resolved in favor of

the nonmoving party and result in reversal of summary judgment. Id. “A fact is material

for summary judgment purposes if its resolution is decisive of either the action or a

relevant secondary issue.” Id. U.S. Bank argues that it is undisputed the Blockers had

stopped paying on the promissory note and that U.S. Bank was entitled to foreclose on

the mortgage because of that failure.

                                            4
        The bulk of the Blockers’ brief is dedicated to arguing that they in fact made no

fewer than three tenders of payment to U.S. Bank through their attorney-in-fact Lenton

prior to the granting of summary judgment, any one of which should have discharged

their mortgage debt.    The Blockers’ argument goes awry by focusing on the three

“payment” attempts by Lenton. It seems readily apparent that those attempts were not

done through normal banking channels. Instead, although the documents in the record

and arguments by the Blockers are somewhat confusing, it appears that Lenton requested

that the United States Treasury Department pay off the Blockers’ mortgage for them.

        Rather than risk improperly paraphrasing the Blockers’ arguments, they state in

part:

                     Derik A. Blocker and his Attorney-in-Fact may issue
              Negotiable Instruments against the obligations of the United
              States because Derik A. Blocker is one whose private
              property is at risk to collateralize the government’s debt and
              currency.

                     Therefore, by legal definitions, Derik A. Blocker and
              his Attorney-in-Fact are part of a “national banking
              association” the members of which may issue Negotiable
              Instruments against these obligations of the UNITED
              STATES, to that part of the public debt due them as
              Principals and Sureties.

                                        *****

                     Therefore, the legal definitions relating to “legal
              tender” have been written by Congress to provide for the
              inclusion of those Negotiable Instruments issued by those
              private principals and creditors of the U.S. against the
              obligation of the United States for recovery on their (and the
              Blocker’s) private assets and property that have been and are

                                            5
               still being used to collateralize the obligations of the United
               States.

                      This has been the case since 1933, when, in the wake
               of the U.S. bankruptcy, Congress passed House Joint
               Resolution 192, now Public Law 73-10, and codified at Title
               31 § 5118. Since that time, these creditors have collectively
               and nationally constituted a legal class of persons recognized
               as being a ‘national banking association’ with the right to
               issue such notes against the obligation of THE UNITED
               STATES for equity interest recovery due and accrued to these
               Principals and Sureties of the United States.

Appellants’ Br. pp. 8-9.

       U.S. Bank has not favored us with a direct response to the Blockers’ lengthy

arguments on this point, other than to say that Lenton’s tendered payment offers were not

“valid.” Appellee’s Br. p. 5. It appears that the Blockers’ arguments are an outgrowth of

the so-called “Redemptionist Movement,” although they never use that phrase in their

brief.1 The theory behind that movement has been explained in part as follows:

               [T]he “Redemptionist” theory . . . propounds that a person has
               a split personality: a real person and a fictional person called
               the “strawman.” The “strawman” purportedly came into being
               when the United States went off the gold standard in 1933,
               and, instead, pledged the strawman of its citizens as collateral
               for the country’s national debt. Redemptionists claim that
               government has power only over the strawman and not over
               the live person, who remains free.




1
  Although there is no information about the “Redemptionist Movement” in the briefs or trial record, we
are permitted to refer to factual information outside the record, based upon published sources we have
discovered that we cite with specificity, in order to provide the background information essential to a
thorough and fair consideration of a case. See Citimortgage, Inc. v. Barabas, 975 N.E.2d 805, 808 n.1
(Ind. 2012).
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McLaughlin v. CitiMortgage, Inc., 726 F. Supp. 2d 201, 209 (D. Conn. 2010) (quoting

Monroe v. Beard, 536 F.3d 198, 203 n. 4 (3d Cir. 2008), cert. denied).

      Another court has observed:

             Adherents to this theory assert that the government first sets
             up fictitious accounts—in the initial amount of
             $630,000.00—for each person at birth, and then pledges the
             “straw man of its citizens” as collateral for the national debt.
             Through a series of obscure procedures derived from the
             Uniform Commercial Code, citizens can allegedly gain access
             to these “secret accounts” and write “sight drafts” to utilize
             those funds for their own purposes. Some believe the secret
             accounts are virtually bottomless, meaning those who truly
             understand and comply with the required filings must never
             actually pay for anything.

Stevenson v. Bank of America, 359 S.W.3d 466, 469 n.6 (Ky. Ct. App. 2011).

      Closely related to the “redemption” theory is the “vapor money” theory, which

also seems to play a role in the Blockers’ arguments:

             The “vapor money” (or “no money lent”) theory posits that
             Congress has never given banks the authority to extend credit
             and, thus, banks act beyond their charters when making loans.
             Proponents claim banks create money “out of thin air,”
             through ledger entries and bookkeeping tricks, by
             “depositing” a borrower’s promissory note without the
             borrower’s permission, listing the note as an “asset” on the
             bank’s ledger entries, and then lending a borrower back his
             own “money.” Since banks do not have enough “real money
             in their vaults” to cover the sums lent, loans are not backed by
             actual money—the only real money is gold or silver; paper
             money is worthless since it is created by an illegitimate
             Federal Reserve—making them invalid ab initio and creating
             no obligation for repayment.




                                            7
Id. Both the “vapor money” and “redemption” theories have been “roundly rejected by

courts across the nation.” Id.

       In sum, Lenton’s attempts to pay off the Blockers’ mortgage debt were not only

unorthodox but also legally unacceptable.       It is unclear who Lenton is or what his

relationship to the Blockers is and whether he represented to them that he knew the

“secret formula” to accessing money locked away in a clandestine Treasury Department

account but, in any event, he clearly failed to access or provide the funds needed to pay

off their mortgage. The trial court did not err in refusing to countenance these purported

attempts to discharge the Blockers’ debt.

       The Blockers also briefly argue that the assignment of the mortgage to U.S. Bank

“appears to be fraudulent.” Appellants’ Br. p. 14. They seem to base this argument on

the fact that there are two different assignments from MERS to U.S. Bank in the record.

Indeed, it is unclear why there are two different assignments. Nonetheless, we do not

believe this gives rise to any reasonable inference of fraud. Either of the assignments

would be sufficient to establish U.S. Bank as the proper party to foreclose the mortgage

and any suggestion to the contrary would be based on mere conjecture or speculation,

which is insufficient to create genuine issues of material fact and defeat a motion for

summary judgment. See City of Evansville v. U.S. Fidelity & Guar. Co., 965 N.E.2d 92,

102 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012), trans. denied.

       Additionally, the Blockers do not argue that MERS lacked authority to assign the

mortgage on behalf of Accredited to U.S. Bank. There was also uncontradicted evidence

                                            8
that U.S. Bank was the current holder of the original promissory note and, therefore, it

was entitled to enforce the note. See Ind. Code § 26-1-3.1-301. Thus, the trial court

properly concluded that U.S. Bank was the proper party to enforce the note and foreclose

the mortgage.

      The Blockers also contend that their procedural due process rights were violated

when U.S. Bank failed to respond to their interrogatories and request for production of

documents before the trial court issued its summary judgment ruling. They cite no

authority, however, for the proposition that an opposing party’s failure to respond to a

discovery request in a civil case amounts to a due process violation. We also observe that

the Blockers did not file a motion to compel discovery under Indiana Trial Rule 37;

parties surely cannot claim a due process violation related to failure to cooperate with

discovery when they have not used the intended procedures to compel discovery. In any

event, we also observe that the Blockers gave U.S. Bank less than thirty days to answer

the interrogatories and produce the documents. Both Trial Rules 33 and 34, governing

interrogatories and motions to produce documents, give an opposing party thirty days to

respond to them, and the Blockers did not ask the trial court to shorten this time period.

Finally, the Blockers never sought to continue the summary judgment hearing so that

they could obtain the evidence requested in their discovery motions. We cannot perceive

how the Blockers’ due process rights were violated by U.S. Bank’s failure to answer the

interrogatories or produce the requested documents.



                                            9
          Finally, we acknowledge that the Blockers contend several times that the trial

court lacked subject matter jurisdiction. “Subject matter jurisdiction exists when the

Indiana Constitution or a statute grants the court the power to hear and decide cases of the

general class to which any particular proceeding belongs.” R.L. Turner Corp. v. Town of

Brownsburg, 963 N.E.2d 453, 457 (Ind. 2012). The trial court in this case was a division

of the Lake Superior Court, which is a court of general jurisdiction. See Kozlowski v.

Dordieski, 849 N.E.2d 535, 537 (Ind. 2006). It is clear the trial court had subject matter

jurisdiction to enter a decree of foreclosure. To the extent the Blockers make other

arguments attacking the trial court’s jurisdiction or the propriety of its judgment that we

have not explicitly addressed, it suffices to say that those arguments lack cogency and we

will not address them further. See A.J. v. Logansport State Hosp., 956 N.E.2d 96, 109

(Ind. Ct. App. 2011) (noting that under Indiana Appellate Rule 46(A)(8)(a), lack of

cogent reasoning waives an argument for appellate review).

                                        Conclusion

          There are no genuine issues of fact that would preclude the entry of summary

judgment and a decree of foreclosure in favor of U.S. Bank against the Blockers. We

affirm.

          Affirmed.

KIRSCH, J., and VAIDIK, J., concur.




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