Filed 8/24/15 In re J.Z. CA3
                                           NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.




              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
                                      THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                                         (Butte)
                                                            ----




In re J.Z., a Person Coming Under the Juvenile Court                                         C077701
Law.

BUTTE COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF                                                         (Super. Ct. No. J37235)
EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL SERVICES,

                   Plaintiff and Respondent,

         v.

D.Z.,

                   Defendant and Appellant.



         Father Dwight Z. appeals the juvenile court’s order denying him reunification
services with the 21-month-old minor J.Z. The juvenile court based this denial on the
finding that (1) father was not the statutorily presumed father and paternity had not been
determined (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 361.5, subd. (a));1 and (2) father was incarcerated and



1   Undesignated statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code.

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the provision of services would be detrimental to the minor (§ 361.5, subd. (e)). Father
contends he was the statutorily presumed father under the Family Code, and the juvenile
court’s “misunderstanding of the paternity scheme” calls into question its understanding
of section 361.5, subdivision (e). We find there was not sufficient evidence to support
the juvenile court’s denial of services under section 361.5, subdivision (a). However,
there was sufficient evidence to support the denial of services based on the finding that
father was incarcerated and it would be detrimental to the minor to provide services.
Accordingly, we shall affirm the orders of the juvenile court.
                   FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
       When law enforcement officers conducted a traffic stop of mother and her
boyfriend, they found the minor in the car, unrestrained, with drugs in the car, and
learned the boyfriend was a registered sex offender. The Butte County Department of
Employment and Social Services (the Department) filed a section 300 petition alleging
mother had failed to protect the minor and father had left the child without any provision
for support. (§ 300, subds. (a) & (g).) Mother reported Dwight was the minor’s father.
Mother and Dwight were married in April 2011, and the minor was born in October
2012. Mother stated Dwight was present at the minor’s birth and was listed as the father
on the birth certificate.
       Father was arrested in August 2013 on burglary charges, again in August 2013 on
drug charges, in October 2013 for failure to appear, and in May 2014 for receiving stolen
property and vehicle theft. At the time the Department filed the petition, father was
incarcerated in Sutter County jail. He had recently been sentenced to a term of four years
and had additional charges pending. The juvenile court found the allegations true and
sustained the petition.




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        The findings and order after the detention hearing refer to father as the presumed
father.2 In the disposition report, the social worker reported the juvenile court had not yet
made a paternity finding and recommended father not be offered reunification services.
The social worker reported under section 361.5, subdivision (a), that Dwight had been
named the alleged father, but there was no statutorily presumed father. The social worker
also reported under section 361.5, subdivision (e)(1), that father was incarcerated and
services would be detrimental to the minor. Father’s sentence extended beyond the six-
month reunification period for a child under three years old, and his release date was 15
months after the date for the six-month status review. The social worker noted the minor
was 21 months old and would be four and a half years old when father completed his
current sentence. Additionally, father had further charges pending that could increase his
sentence. Father had not seen the minor for the seven months immediately preceding the
petition, approximately one-third of her life. Prior to that, his time with the minor had
been inconsistent as he had been in and out of jail. Father had significant problems that
needed to be addressed before he could reunify with the minor, including a history of
substance abuse and domestic violence. Resolving these problems would require
significant time. The social worker recommended mother be offered services.
        At the disposition hearing, father’s counsel noted: “The report is—recommends
that [father] not get services as an alleged father. I am not willing to set a contested
hearing based on the very extreme likelihood of the Court following the recommendation.
So on [father’s] behalf, I will object to him being denied the reunification services
without further testimony or evidence.”
        The juvenile court found there was not a statutorily presumed father, as paternity
had not been determined. Separately, the court found father was incarcerated, and found




2   There is no record of the juvenile court actually making this finding.

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by clear and convincing evidence the provision of services to father would be detrimental
to the minor.
                                       DISCUSSION
                                              I.
                         Governing Statutes and Legal Principles
       Upon removal of a dependent child from parental custody, the juvenile court
generally is required to order reunification services to assist the parent in ameliorating the
problems that led to removal and facilitating the child’s safe return to parental custody.
(§ 361.5.) Unless a specific statutory exception applies, the juvenile court must provide
services designed to reunify the family within the statutory time period. (§ 361.5; see In
re Alanna A. (2005) 135 Cal.App.4th 555, 563-564.)
       Despite the fundamental policy of seeking to reunify dependent children with their
parents, the statutory scheme also contains narrow exceptions in recognition that in some
circumstances, “attempts to facilitate reunification do not serve and protect the child’s
interests” and would be an exercise in futility. (In re Baby Boy H. (1998) 63 Cal.App.4th
470, 474, 478.) Where the parent is unlikely to benefit from reunification efforts, these
exemptions from mandatory services further the purpose of the dependency law: “ ‘[T]o
ensure the well-being of children whose parents are unable or incapable of caring for
them by affording them another stable and permanent home within a definite time
period.’ ” (In re Joshua M. (1998) 66 Cal.App.4th 458, 474.) Accordingly, if the
juvenile court finds by clear and convincing evidence that one or more of the exceptions
applies, it may deny reunification services to a parent. (Tyrone W. v. Superior Court
(2007) 151 Cal.App.4th 839, 846.)
       We review a juvenile court’s findings under section 361.5 for substantial evidence.
(In re Harmony B. (2005) 125 Cal.App.4th 831, 843.) “In so doing, we presume ‘in favor
of the order, considering the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party,
giving the prevailing party the benefit of every reasonable inference and resolving all

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conflicts in support of the order.’ (In re Autumn H. (1994) 27 Cal.App.4th 567, 576.)”
(In re G.L. (2014) 222 Cal.App.4th 1153, 1164.)
                                               II.
                                 Statutorily Presumed Father
       Dwight contends he was a statutorily presumed father entitled to reunification
services. We agree Dwight was a statutorily presumed father. Father also challenges the
juvenile court’s finding that paternity had not been determined as “almost certainly
wrong.” As to the finding of paternity, we disagree. There was no evidence in the record
that biological paternity had been established.
       “The provision of reunification services to a biological father is discretionary; the
court ‘may order [such] services . . . if the court determines . . . the services will benefit
the child.’ (§ 361.5, subd. (a), italics added.)” (In re Alanna A., supra, 135 Cal.App.4th
at p. 564.) By contrast, “presumed fathers possess far greater rights than alleged or
biological fathers,” (Francisco G. v. Superior Court (2001) 91 Cal.App.4th 586, 596) and
presumed fathers are entitled to reunification services. (In re Zacharia D. (1993)
6 Cal.4th 435, 451.)
       The only evidence before the juvenile court was that Dwight was married to
mother when the minor was born. Accordingly, he was the statutorily presumed father.
(Fam. Code, § 7611, subd. (a).) This statutory presumption may be rebutted by clear and
convincing evidence. (Fam. Code, § 7612, subd. (a).) There was no evidence presented
to rebut the presumption. Accordingly, father is correct, there is not substantial evidence
supporting the juvenile court’s denial of reunification services under section 361.5,
subdivision (a), based on the finding that there was no statutorily presumed father.
                                              III.
                Incarcerated Parent and Services Detrimental to the Child
       In addition to, and separate from, determining father was not entitled to services
under section 361.5, subdivision (a), the juvenile court denied father services under

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section 361.5, subdivision (e).3 Section 361.5, subdivision (e)(1), allows for the
provision of services to incarcerated parents, but also includes an exception consistent
with the recognition that in some circumstances, the provision of services to an
incarcerated parent may not be in the child’s best interest and may be an exercise in
futility. Thus, “[i]f the parent or guardian is incarcerated, . . . the court shall order
reasonable services unless the court determines, by clear and convincing evidence, those
services would be detrimental to the child. In determining detriment, the court shall
consider the age of the child, the degree of parent-child bonding, the length of the
sentence, the length and nature of the treatment, the nature of the crime or illness, the
degree of detriment to the child if services are not offered and, for children 10 years of
age or older, the child’s attitude toward the implementation of family reunification
services, the likelihood of the parent’s discharge from incarceration, institutionalization,
or detention within the reunification time limitations described in subdivision (a), and any
other appropriate factors.” (§ 361.5, subd. (e)(1), italics added.)
       Here, the minor was 21 months old at the time of the disposition hearing.
Accordingly, reunification services could not be provided past June 30, 2015, 12 months


3 Contrary to father’s claim, nothing in the record suggests the juvenile court relied on its
mistaken finding regarding his status as a presumed father in reaching its conclusion that
he was an incarcerated parent and services would be detrimental to the minor. Rather,
the record suggests these were wholly independent grounds on which the juvenile court
denied reunification services. Moreover, “ ‘that the action of the court may have been
based upon an erroneous theory of the case, or upon an improper or unsound course of
reasoning, cannot determine the question of its propriety. No rule of decision is better or
more firmly established by authority, nor one resting upon a sounder basis of reason and
propriety, than that a ruling or decision, itself correct in law, will not be disturbed on
appeal merely because given for a wrong reason. If right upon any theory of the law
applicable to the case, it must be sustained regardless of the considerations which may
have moved the trial court to its conclusion.’ [Citation.]” (D’Amico v. Board of Medical
Examiners (1974) 11 Cal.3d 1, 18-19; People v. Zapien (1993) 4 Cal.4th 929, 976; In re
Sarah M. (1991) 233 Cal.App.3d 1486, 1494-1495, disapproved on other grounds by In
re Chantal S. (1996) 13 Cal.4th 196, 204.)

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from the date the minor entered foster care. (§ 361.5, subd. (a)(1)(B).) At the time of the
disposition hearing father was incarcerated. He was scheduled to be released on May 26,
2016, almost a year after the reunification period ended.4 Father had not seen the minor
in the seven months prior to her detention and, even before that, had been a sporadic
presence in her life, as he was in and out of jail. In addition, to reunify with the minor,
father would have to address both his history of domestic violence and substance abuse.
These are problems that take a significant period of time to resolve. Accordingly, there
was a limited parent-child bond, treatment was bound to be time consuming, and father
would not be discharged from incarceration prior to the end of the reunification time
limitations. This was substantial evidence supporting the juvenile court’s finding that
father was incarcerated and providing reunification services would be detrimental to the
minor.




4 Father makes a somewhat tortured argument that as a result of the passage of
Proposition 47, almost three months after the disposition hearing, his release date may be
sooner, because “most of [his] offenses seem to be either misdemeanors or qualifying
felonies.” But, we review the juvenile court’s decision based on the facts and record as
they stood at the time of the dispositional hearing. (See In re Isayah C. (2004)
118 Cal.App.4th 684, 701.) Furthermore, father’s speculation as to the effect of
Proposition 47 on his release date is not a legal basis for reversing the juvenile court’s
order.

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                                   DISPOSITION
     The orders of the juvenile court denying father reunification services are affirmed.




                                                RENNER                     , J.



We concur:



HULL                      , Acting P. J.



MAURO                     , J.




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