           IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

                                NO. 2017-CP-00622-COA

JOE CLYDE TUBWELL A/K/A JOE C.                                               APPELLANT
TUBWELL A/K/A JOE TUBWELL

v.

STATE OF MISSISSIPPI                                                           APPELLEE

DATE OF JUDGMENT:                          04/04/2017
TRIAL JUDGE:                               HON. GERALD W. CHATHAM SR.
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:                 DESOTO COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                    JOE CLYDE TUBWELL (PRO SE)
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:                    OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
                                           BY: ROBERT E. HAYES JR.
                                           WAYNE DOUGLAS HOLLOWELL III
NATURE OF THE CASE:                        CRIMINAL - MISDEMEANOR
DISPOSITION:                               REVERSED AND REMANDED - 10/09/2018
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

       BEFORE IRVING, P.J., CARLTON AND GREENLEE, JJ.

       IRVING, P.J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1.    Joe Tubwell appeals, pro se, the judgment of the DeSoto County Circuit Court (circuit

court), dismissing his appeal.1 Because we find that the County Court of DeSoto County

(county court) erroneously dismissed Tubwell’s appeal and the circuit court, relying upon the

effects of the erroneous dismissal, also erred in dismissing the appeal, we reverse and

remand.


       1
         Tubwell presently has another unrelated appeal assigned to this Court under case
number 2017-KM-00795-COA. We take judicial notice of the proceedings in that case and
discuss, later in this opinion, relevant aspects of them as they relate to our holding in this
case.
                                          FACTS

¶2.    The issue in this case emanates from a criminal appeal taken from the Municipal

Court of Southaven, Mississippi (municipal court), wherein Tubwell was found guilty on

October 14, 2015, of a seat-belt violation involving our child-restraint law: Mississippi Code

Annotated section 63-7-301 (Rev. 2013). Following his conviction, Tubwell was assessed

a fine and court costs totaling $278. He filed his notice of appeal in the county court the

following day, along with a motion to proceed in forma pauperis (IFP) and a pauper’s oath

affidavit.2

¶3.    In the meantime, in cause number S2015-0013 in the county court, Tubwell, on April

14, 2015, had been granted IFP status.3 Tubwell has appealed from the final judgment

entered in that case, and that appeal is before us as case number 2017-KM-00795-COA.

¶4.    Also on May 2, 2016, the county court, on its own motion, pursuant to Rule 12.02 of

the Uniform Rules of Circuit and County Court (URCCC),4 dismissed with prejudice

Tubwell’s appeal. The court stated that Tubwell “failed to perfect his appeal by paying all

costs and bonds or getting permission to proceed [IFP].” As stated, at the time of his



       2
           The cause number of the appeal in the county court is S2015-0038CD.
       3
        Cause number S2015-0013 involves an appeal from the judgment of conviction of
two misdemeanor offenses (unsafe vehicle operation and failure to dim lights) handed down
by the same municipal court involved in this appeal.
       4
         We note that Rule 12.02 of the URCCC providing the appeal procedure from
municipal or justice courts was deleted, effective July 1, 2017. However, Rule 12.02 was
in effect at the time of Tubwell’s conviction and appeal.

                                              2
attempted appeal from the municipal court judgment, Tubwell filed in the county court, not

the municipal court, a motion to proceed IFP, along with a pauper’s oath affidavit. Also, on

May 2, 2016, the county court issued an order of procedendo dismissing the appeal and

remanding the case to the municipal court for execution of the October 14, 2015 judgment.

¶5.    On May 4, 2016, Tubwell filed an appeal to the circuit court of the county court’s May

2, 2016 order dismissing his original appeal. On the same day and in the same court, he also

filed another motion for leave to proceed IFP, an affidavit in support of indigency, and a

motion requesting an appeal bond pursuant to Rule 12.03 of the URCCC. On September 26,

2016, the City of Southaven filed a motion to dismiss in the county court. On April 4, 2017,

the circuit court dismissed Tubwell’s appeal with prejudice after finding that he was

attempting to appeal a non-appealable order—the order of procedendo entered by the county

court on May 2, 2016. It is from that order of dismissal that Tubwell now appeals.

                                      DISCUSSION

¶6.    “On appeal, this Court applies a de novo standard when reviewing a trial court’s grant

of a motion to dismiss. Additionally, we recognize that whether a court obtained appellate

jurisdiction is a question of law, which we review de novo.” Alison v. State, 200 So. 3d 469,

471 (¶10) (Miss. Ct. App. 2016) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).

¶7.    Rule 12.02(a)(1) of the URCCC, which governed appeals from municipal courts,

stated in pertinent part:

       Mandatory Bonds or Cash Deposits. Any person adjudged guilty of a criminal
       offense by a justice or municipal court may appeal to county court or, if there

                                             3
       is no county court having jurisdiction, then to circuit court by filing
       simultaneously a written notice of appeal, and both a cost bond and an
       appearance bond (or cash deposit) as provided herein within 30 days of such
       judgment with the clerk of the circuit court having jurisdiction. This written
       notice of appeal and posting of the cost bond and the appearance bond or cash
       deposit perfects the appeal. The failure to post any bond or cash deposit
       required by this rule shall be grounds for the court, on its own motion or by
       motion of another, to dismiss the appeal with prejudice and with costs. The
       clerk of the court shall not accept, file and docket the written notice of appeal
       without the accompanying cost bond and appearance bond or cash deposit,
       unless the court has allowed the defendant to proceed in forma pauperis.

¶8.    Tubwell offers the following explanation for the court’s alleged errors:

       The [o]rder [d]ismissing [his] [a]ppeal[,] which was entered by the circuit
       [c]ourt[,] acknowledged that the [c]ity had filed, and had pending in the
       [c]ounty [c]ourt, a motion to dismiss based on the fact that the [o]rder from
       which Tubwell was appealing was not an appealable order as it was an order
       of procedendo. The [c]ircuit [c]ourt’s [o]rder dismissing [the] appeal appears
       to be a ruling upon the [c]ity’s pending motion of which the [c]ircuit [c]ourt
       had no jurisdiction to determine since that motion was pending in the [c]ounty
       [c]ourt and continues to be pending in that [c]ourt on this very day. The
       [c]ircuit [c]ourt’s [o]rder left Tubwell with no recourse other than an appeal
       to the [Mississippi] Supreme Court.

Tubwell requests that this Court remand this case to the circuit court or the county court for

a new trial. He concedes that he did not post a cost bond or an appearance bond as required

by Rule 12.02; however, he argues that he has a right to proceed IFP in his appeal from the

municipal court to the county court in his misdemeanor criminal case. He further argues that

he was entitled to an evidentiary hearing upon his motion to proceed IFP—before the county

court issued the order of procedendo. He notes that he was granted leave to proceed IFP in

his appeal to this Court.

¶9.    The State responds that Tubwell’s current appeal to this Court exists solely as an

                                              4
appeal of the circuit court’s order dismissing his appeal, issued sua sponte on April 4, 2017.

The State argues that all other issues are irrelevant because Tubwell lacks standing to bring

those issues before this Court. The State further argues that Tubwell seeks de novo review

of the county court’s ruling, which is improper due to procedural bars. The State concludes

that Tubwell’s claims should be barred and dismissed by this Court. We disagree.

¶10.   As stated, Rule 12.02 was in effect when Tubwell initiated his appeal, although Rule

12.02 has since been deleted. It was deleted with the passage of our new Rules of Criminal

Procedure, effective July 1, 2017.5 As noted, when Tubwell filed his appeal from the

municipal court, he had already been adjudged a pauper, albeit in a different case, in the

county court and allowed to proceed IFP in an appeal from the municipal court. On these

facts, we see no reason to deny Tubwell appellate review because his indigency at the time

of his appeal had already been established. The critical point is whether he was indigent at

the time he initiated his appeal and, therefore, not required to post bond. Consequently, we

find that the county court erred in dismissing Tubwell’s appeal. In so finding, we are

mindful that Tubwell did not obtain specific permission to proceed IFP in his appeal to the

county court in the case before us. However, since he had already been allowed to proceed

IFP in a separate appeal, the time of which overlapped the time for his appeal in the instant



       5
         We note that Rules 29.3 and 29.4 of the new Rules of Criminal Procedure, though
not applicable to our case at hand, make clear that a criminal defendant, who is attempting
to appeal a judgment of a municipal or justice court should file his motion to proceed IFP
in the appellate court.

                                              5
case—and there is nothing in the record to suggest that his financial status had changed

during the overlapping time period—we see no reason why his failure to obtain permission

to proceed IFP in this case should impede his right to obtain appellate review. To hold

otherwise, on these facts, would be to exhort a ministerial administrative requirement over

a fundamental constitutional right. We will not do so.

¶11.   Turning to Tubwell’s notice of appeal to the circuit court, it appears quite clear that

he was attempting to appeal the county court’s dismissal of his appeal of his convictions in

municipal court, although he stated that he was appealing from a May 2, 2016 order of

conviction which did not exist.6 As noted earlier, the municipal court convictions occurred

on October 14, 2015. As mentioned in our recitation of the facts, the county court ruled that

it was required to dismiss the appeal because Tubwell failed to perfect it by paying all costs

and bonds or getting permission to proceed IFP.

¶12.   The county court issued two orders on May 2, 2016: an order dismissing Tubwell’s

appeal and an order of procedendo, neither of which was referenced in Tubwell’s May 4,

2016 notice of appeal. Although the circuit court interpreted Tubwell’s notice of appeal as

referencing the order of procedendo, we find that this was incorrect because it is clear that

he was attempting to appeal the dismissal of his appeal by the county court, which prevented




       6
        We note that Tubwell is a pro se litigant. We are obligated to construe pro se
pleadings with some reasonable degree of liberality. Ferrell v. State, 158 So. 3d 1204, 1208
(¶5) (Miss. Ct. App. 2015).

                                              6
appellate review of the judgments of convictions in the municipal court.7 Technically, the

notice of appeal to the circuit court should have stated that Tubwell was appealing the county

court’s erroneous dismissal of his appeal from the municipal court, but since Tubwell is

proceeding pro se, we will not hold him to precise technical pleadings. Because we have

found that the county court erroneously dismissed Tubwell’s appeal, it follows that the circuit

court, relying on the consequences flowing from the county court’s erroneous decision, also

erred in dismissing Tubwell’s appeal on the basis that it was without jurisdiction to hear the

appeal. Because the county court’s error prohibited Tubwell from obtaining appellate review

of his municipal court convictions, it is necessary that this case be remanded to the county

court for further proceedings. Nothing in this opinion should be interpreted as requiring the

county court to allow Tubwell to proceed IFP on remand if his IFP status has changed, but

if that is the case, he should be allowed a reasonable time to post the required bonds.

¶13.   REVERSED AND REMANDED.

    LEE, C.J., GRIFFIS, P.J., BARNES, CARLTON, FAIR, WILSON,
GREENLEE, WESTBROOKS AND TINDELL, JJ., CONCUR.




       7
         We also note that the circuit court, in its order granting Tubwell the right to appeal
IFP to the Mississippi Supreme Court, incorrectly stated that Tubwell had been granted IFP
status in his appeal to the county court and from the county court to the circuit court. The
county court never ruled on Tubwell’s motion for IFP status. However, as stated, Tubwell
was granted IFP status in his appeal from the municipal court in cause number S2015-0013.

                                              7
