                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        SEP 19 2017
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

FIVE POINTS HOTEL PARTNERSHIP, an               No.    14-15970
Arizona partnership and PARAGON
HOTEL CORPORATION, a Delaware                   D.C. No. 2:11-cv-00548-JAT
corporation,

                Plaintiffs-Appellants,          MEMORANDUM*

 v.

JOE PINSONNEAULT, individually, and
on behalf of the marital community of Joe
Pinsonneault and Jane Doe Pinsonneault,

                Defendant-Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                            for the District of Arizona
                   James A. Teilborg, District Judge, Presiding

                          Submitted September 15, 2017**
                             San Francisco, California

Before: GOULD, TALLMAN, and WATFORD, Circuit Judges.




      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
       Five Points Hotel Partnership and Paragon Hotel Corporation (collectively,

Five Points) appeals the district court’s adverse summary judgment. We have

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and affirm.

       On April 26, 2010, following a bench trial, the Pinal County, Arizona,

Superior Court entered a $500,000 judgment in favor of Five Points and against

Casa Grande Resort Living, LLC (Casa) for breach of contract and breach of the

duty of good faith and fair dealing. Five Points was unable to recover its judgment

from Casa, which had been dissolved in 2006.

       Five Points then brought a second action in Arizona federal district court

against Joe Pinsonneault, the sole member and manager of Casa. The complaint

contained a single “claim”—that Pinsonneault is the alter ego of Casa. It also

sought a jury trial, punitive damages, and compensatory damages in an amount

roughly equivalent to that awarded in the prior state judgment after adjusting for

interest.

       The district court granted summary judgment for Pinsonneault. It held that

Five Points failed to state a valid claim after “predict[ing]” that the Arizona

Supreme Court would follow the majority view that alter ego is a theory of liability

and not an independent “claim.” See Lewis v. Tel. Emps. Credit Union, 87 F.3d

1537, 1545 (9th Cir. 1996).

       Reviewing de novo, see id., we agree. We are persuaded by “decisions from


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other jurisdictions, statutes, treatises, and restatements,” id. (citation omitted),

which specify that alter ego is a procedural mechanism to enforce an underlying

claim and not an independent cause of action, see, e.g., Jones & Trevor Mktg., Inc.

v. Lowry, 284 P.3d 630, 634 n.1 (Utah 2012) (“Alter ego theory is not an

independent claim for relief; rather, it is a theory of liability.” (citation omitted));

William M. Fletcher, Fletcher Cyclopedia of the Law of Private Corporations

§ 41.10 (Sept. 2016 update) (“A claim based on the alter ego theory is not in itself

a claim for substantive relief, but rather is procedural.”).

      Five Points argues that this conclusion conflicts with Phoenix Van Buren

Partners, LLC v. Moulding & Millwork, Inc., No. 2:11-cv-01943-NVW, 2012 WL

1190842 (D. Ariz. Apr. 10, 2012), where a plaintiff was awarded summary

judgment based solely on “success on its alter ego claim.” Id. at *11. We

disagree. The plaintiff in Van Buren did not bring an independent alter ego action.

Instead, it filed an action in the Arizona Superior Court seeking enforcement of a

prior judgment by that same court. See Notice of Removal, Van Buren, 2012 WL

1190842 (ECF No. 1). And although Five Points claims that it also seeks

enforcement of a prior judgment, this assertion is belied by the fact that Five Points

filed its action in the federal district court and not in the Arizona state court that

adjudicated its claims. See Labertew v. Langemeier, 846 F.3d 1028, 1033 (9th Cir.

2017) (“[J]udgments are not executed upon in courts that did not issue them.”).


                                            3
      Contrary to Five Point’s critique, we do not suggest that a party is required

to raise an unsupported alter ego theory in an underlying action “or lose [reliance

on that theory] forever.” However, a party is required to raise an alter ego theory

by “the appropriate procedure.” See Piaquadio v. Am. Legal Funding LLC, No.

2:15-cv-00579-GMS, 2016 WL 393638, at *3 (D. Ariz. Feb. 2, 2016). Because

Five Points did not file an action with the Arizona trial court seeking to enforce its

judgment, see Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 12-1551(A), and instead filed an action in federal

court raising alter ego as a freestanding claim, the district court properly granted

summary judgment.

      Costs shall be taxed against Five Points. See Fed. R. App. P. 39(a)(2).

      AFFIRMED.




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