                 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                             AT NASHVILLE
                              Assigned on Briefs April 4, 2005

                                           IN RE H.A.L.

                       Appeal from the Juvenile Court for White County
                          No. JU 1519     Sam Benningfield, Judge




                     No. M2005-00045-COA-R3-PT - Filed April 25, 2005




WILLIAM B. CAIN , J., concurring.

       The opinion of the Court asserts:

               The heightened burden of proof required by Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-1-
       113(c)(1) requires us to adapt Tenn.R.App.P.13(d)’s customary standard of review
       for cases of this sort. First, we must review the trial court’s specific findings of fact
       de novo in accordance with Tenn.R.App.P.13(d). Thus, each of the trial court’s
       specific factual findings will be presumed to be correct unless the evidence
       preponderates otherwise. Second, we must determine whether the facts, either as
       found by the trial court or as supported by the preponderance of the evidence, clearly
       and convincingly establish the elements required to terminate a biological parent’s
       parental rights. Jones v. Garrett, 92 S.W.3d at 838; In re Valentine, 79 S.W.3d at
       548-49; In re S.M., 149 S.W.3d at 640; In re M.J.B., 140 S.W.3d at 654.

        I adhere to my longstanding view that oil and water cannot be successfully mixed. A
preponderance of the evidence standard on the one hand and a clear and convincing evidence
standard on the other are completely incompatible with each other, both at the trial level and at the
appellate level. My views are exhaustively set forth in Estate of Acuff v. O’Linger, 56 S.W.3d 527
(Tenn.Ct.App.2001) perm.app.denied (Oct. 1, 2001) and in In re Z.J.S. and M.J.P., No. M2002-
02235-COA-R3-JV, 2003 WL 21266854 (Tenn.Ct.App. June 3, 2003) (no ruling of an app. filed)
(Cain, Judge, concurring) and in State v. R.S. and K.S., No. M2002-00919-COA-R3-CV, 2003 WL
22098035 (Tenn.Ct.App. Sept. 11, 2003) (Cain, Judge, concurring), along with In re K.N.R., et al.,
No. M2003-01301-COA-R3-PT, 2003 WL 22999427 (Tenn.Ct.App.2003); see also Colorado v.
New Mexico, 467 U.S.310, 104 S.Ct. 2433, 81 L.Ed.2d 247 (1984); Taylor v. Commissioner of
Mental Health, 481 A.2d 139, 153-54 (Me.1984); Riley Hill General Contractor, Inc. v. Tandy
Corp., 737 P.2d 595, 604 (Or.1987); Beeler v. American Trust Co., 147 P.2d 583 (Ca.1944),
(Traynor, Justice, dissenting).
       In any event, the evidence in this case is overwhelming and the clear and convincing evidence
standard set forth in Estate of Acuff v. O’Linger is clearly met. I concur in the judgment.




                                                      ___________________________________
                                                      WILLIAM B. CAIN, JUDGE




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