                                                                          F I L E D
                                                                   United States Court of Appeals
                                                                           Tenth Circuit
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                          AUG 15 2000
                            FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                      PATRICK FISHER
                                                                               Clerk

    TIMOTHY T. KRALICEK,

                Plaintiff-Appellant,

    v.                                                   No. 99-1300
                                                     (D.C. No. 98-M-278)
    KENNETH S. APFEL, Commissioner,                       (D. Colo.)
    Social Security Administration,

                Defendant-Appellee.


                            ORDER AND JUDGMENT            *




Before BALDOCK , McKAY , and BRISCOE , Circuit Judges.




         After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral

argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore

ordered submitted without oral argument.




*
      This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
       Plaintiff Timothy T. Kralicek appeals from an order of the district court

affirming the Commissioner’s determination that he is not entitled to disability

insurance benefits. After reviewing the Commissioner’s decision to determine

whether his factual findings were supported by substantial evidence in light of the

entire record and to determine whether he applied the correct legal standards,     see

Qualls v. Apfel , 206 F.3d 1368, 1371 (10th Cir. 2000), we affirm.

       Even though Mr. Kralicek filed his application on May 11, 1994, he was

last insured on December 31, 1988. To be eligible for disability insurance

benefits, a claimant must show disability before expiration of insured status.    See

Henrie v. United States Dep’t of Health & Human Servs.        , 13 F.3d 359, 360 (10th

Cir. 1993). Therefore, the major issue in this case is whether Mr. Kralicek was

disabled due to his angina pectoris, coronary artery disease, and chronic

obstructive pulmonary disease (with related respiratory problems) by the end of

1988. 1 The administrative law judge (ALJ) determined at step five of the

five-step sequential process that he was not, in that he could have performed a

limited range of sedentary jobs.    See Williams v. Bowen , 844 F.2d 748, 750-52



1
       Mr. Kralicek has been awarded supplemental security income benefits, for
which he “had only to show that he was currently disabled.” Washington v.
Shalala , 37 F.3d 1437, 1440 n.2 (10th Cir. 1994).




                                            -2-
(10th Cir. 1988). On appeal, Mr. Kralicek contends that the ALJ erred in (1)

eliciting and considering the testimony of a vocational expert (VE); (2) rejecting

opinions from treating physicians; and (3) failing to make an adequate assessment

of his complaints of disabling fatigue. Each issue is discussed below.


                          Vocational expert’s testimony

      The ALJ determined that, on the relevant date, Mr. Kralicek had no

difficulty sitting, pushing, pulling or using his hands and could stand for two or

three hours at a time. Due to his heart problems and breathing difficulties, he

could lift no more than five pounds on a regular basis, bend over only

occasionally, climb only four to five stairs at a time, walk only one to two blocks,

and stoop slowly. Because Mr. Kralicek’s former occupations had heavy physical

demand levels, the ALJ sought testimony from a VE on other jobs which a person

with Mr. Kralicek’s residual functional capacity could perform.

      In response to hypothetical questions, the VE testified that an individual

with the described residual functional capacity could perform the sedentary jobs

of electronics assembler and production assembler, of which there were 150,047

positions in the national economy. For a person who was also unable to tolerate

pollen, extreme heat, excessive humidity, paint fumes, vehicle fumes, and solvent

fumes, twenty-five percent of the jobs, or 37,512 would remain. Also, there were



                                         -3-
5,618 surveillance systems monitor jobs available nationally. No positions would

be available if the person were unable to complete an eight-hour day.

       Mr. Kralicek now argues that the ALJ failed to include all of his limitations

and impairments in the hypothetical questions and, in any event, the VE’s

testimony failed to establish that a significant number of jobs remained in the

national economy. The additional limitations and impairments involved the

avoidance of stress, concentrated exposure to extreme heat or cold, and moderate

exposure to fumes (including exhausts from diesel engines encountered on the

way to work).

       We first point out that, although hypotheticals presented to the VE must

precisely reflect a claimant’s impairments, “they need only reflect impairments

and limitations that are borne out by the evidentiary record.”     Decker v. Chater ,

86 F.3d 953, 955 (10th Cir. 1996). Here, the ALJ’s hypothetical accurately

reflected his assessment of Mr. Kralicek’s residual functional capacity and this

assessment is supported by substantial evidence in the record. Concerning stress,

the evidence did not establish that Mr. Kralicek needed to be protected from all

stress. Mr. Kralicek’s testimony on the subject related to stress arising from

family and financial matters, Appellant’s App. at 467-68, as well as “being a

supervisor,” with the next-level supervisor “on you,”      id. at 468. The testifying

medical expert advised avoiding unduly stressful situations; there is nothing in the


                                            -4-
record suggesting that the proposed jobs involved an unusual amount of stress.

As to exposure to extreme temperatures, there is no indication that the suggested

positions are performed under very hot or cold conditions.

       Mr. Kralicek also argues that the ALJ failed to consider his breathing

difficulties. A review of the record does not bear out this contention. The ALJ

did recognize that Mr. Kralicek had breathing problems brought on by fumes and

exertion and took them into account in hypothetical questions. The VE’s

testimony in response to the hypothetical provides a basis for concluding that

significant number of jobs existed in the national economy which Mr. Kralicek

could have performed in 1988, even taking into account his breathing

difficulties.   2
                    We have “never drawn a bright line establishing the number of jobs

necessary to constitute a ‘significant number,’” leaving that decision to the ALJ’s

“common sense in weighing the statutory language as applied to a particular

claimant’s factual situation.”     Trimiar v. Sullivan , 966 F.2d 1326, 1330 (10th

Cir.1992) (quotation omitted). We will not disturb the ALJ’s determination on

this issue.



2
        Mr. Kralicek takes issue with the ALJ’s hearing statement that the effect of
exhaust fumes on Mr. Kralicek’s ability to get to work is not material to the VE’s
testimony. The Commissioner has conceded that this statement is erroneous.
Under the circumstances of this case, any error arising from the ALJ’s statement
is of little significance, in that the record contains no evidence that Mr. Kralicek
was unable to travel to a workplace.

                                            -5-
                            Treating physicians’ opinions

       Mr. Kralicek also argues that the ALJ disregarded the opinion and

diagnosis of Dr. Al Walters, a Nevada internist, who treated him in 1985. That

year, Dr. Walters opined that Mr. Kralicek was “100% disabled and incapable of

ever returning to his former occupation,” and also “unable to work on an oil

well.” Appellant’s App. at 318, 421. When asked in 1998 to explain whether his

earlier statement meant Mr. Kralicek was disabled from all work or only his prior

occupation requiring heavy labor, he “offer[ed] the following reply:

             Unfortunat[ely] Mr. Kralicek did not follow-up afterwards
       regarding his heart condition so I am unable to draw any further
       conclusions which relate to his total disability. I saw him once for
       gastroenteritis, but he didn’t follow-up for any further evaluation.

              I understand the importance of this determination and truly
       wish I could be of more help. Even small blockages of arteries of the
       heart can be totally disabling.

Id. at 418.

       A treating physician may offer an opinion about a claimant’s condition and

about the nature and severity of any impairments.     See Castellano v. Secretary of

Health & Human Servs. , 26 F.3d 1027, 1029 (10th Cir. 1994). However, to be

given controlling weight, the opinion must be “well supported by clinical and

laboratory diagnostic techniques and [cannot be] inconsistent with other

substantial evidence in the record.”   Id. Furthermore, a treating physician’s

opinion that his patient is disabled is not dispositive, as final responsibility for

                                           -6-
determining disability rests with the Commissioner.   See id. Here, the comments

in question are not specific enough to be given controlling weight. Dr. Walters’

generalized statement that blocked arteries can be totally disabling does not

amount to an opinion that Mr. Kralicek was disabled under the terms of the Act.

Contrary to Mr. Kralicek’s assertion, Dr. Walter’s opinion was given appropriate

weight. 3

       Mr. Kralicek’s second argument under this heading is that the ALJ did not

give appropriate consideration to a 60% disability rating from the Veteran’s

Administration (VA), based upon the opinions of VA physicians.      See Baca v.

Department of Health & Human Servs.      , 5 F.3d 476, 480 (10th Cir.1993) (findings

by other agencies are entitled to weight and must be considered, but are not

binding on the Commissioner). We believe this is an inaccurate characterization

of the record. The ALJ referenced the VA’s disability determination at the

hearing; documentation of the determination was in the record; and, in his

decision, the ALJ stated that the conclusion of nondisability was made after a

consideration of the entire record. The fact that the ALJ drew a different

conclusion concerning Mr. Kralicek’s condition does not constitute legal error.


3
      Mr. Kralicek also argues that the ALJ refused to consider Dr. Walters’
diagnosis of asthma and chronic bronchitis. As discussed above, the ALJ
discussed the medical evidence concerning Mr. Kralicek’s pulmonary problems
and explicitly recognized his breathing difficulties. This is all the ALJ was
required to do.

                                           -7-
See id. ; 20 C.F.R. § 404.1504 (another agency’s determination is based on

different rules, and is not binding on the Social Security Administration).

Although it would have been preferable for the ALJ to be more explicit in his

discussion of the VA disability rating, the lack of detail is not reversible error

under the circumstances presented by this case.     See Clifton v. Chater , 79 F.3d

1007, 1009-10 (10th Cir.1996) (“The record must demonstrate that the ALJ

considered all of the evidence, but an ALJ is not required to discuss every piece

of evidence.”);   Hamilton v. Secretary of Health & Human Servs.      , 961 F.2d 1495,

1498-99 (10th Cir. 1992) (“The ALJ stated that he considered all of the evidence;

his reliance on medical findings does not allow us to assume otherwise.”).    4




                                        Fatigue

       Finally, Mr. Kralicek asserts that the ALJ erred in failing to make an

adequate assessment of his complaints of disabling fatigue. In his decision,

however, the ALJ did take note of fatigue and endurance problems as they existed

during the relevant period, then referenced the opinion of the medical expert that

Mr. Kralicek could have performed sedentary work. The ALJ adequately linked

his findings to specific evidence in the record. We will not reweigh the evidence




4
     Additionally, we note that it was not until 1990 that the VA gave
Mr. Kralicek a 100% disability rating.

                                           -8-
or substitute our judgment for that of the Commissioner.    See Qualls , 206 F.3d at

1371.

        The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED. Plaintiff’s motion to

proceed in forma pauperis is GRANTED.


                                                       Entered for the Court



                                                       Mary Beck Briscoe
                                                       Circuit Judge




                                           -9-
