[Cite as State v. Washington, 2011-Ohio-2711.]


STATE OF OHIO                    )                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                 )ss:                 NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF LORAIN                 )

STATE OF OHIO                                         C.A. No.    10CA009778

        Appellee

        v.                                            APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                      ENTERED IN THE
QUINCY T. WASHINGTON, JR.                             OBERLIN MUNICIPAL COURT
                                                      COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO
        Appellant                                     CASE No.   09TRC02695

                                 DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: June 6, 2011



        BELFANCE, Presiding Judge.

        {¶1}    Defendant-Appellant Quincy T. Washington, Jr. appeals from the judgment of the

Oberlin Municipal Court. For the reasons set forth below, we dismiss the appeal.

                                                 I.

        {¶2}    On July 19, 2009, Mr. Washington was charged with driving under the influence

in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a), having a breath alcohol concentration in excess of .08 in

violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(d), for weaving in violation of Amherst Codified Ordinance

331.34, and for failure to obey a traffic control device in violation of Amherst Codified

Ordinance 313.01. Mr. Washington filed a motion to suppress, which was subsequently denied

following a hearing. Thereafter Mr. Washington pleaded no contest to the violation of R.C.

4511.19(A)(1)(a); the violation was Mr. Washington’s third such offense in six years. The

remaining charges were dismissed.
                                                 2


       {¶3}    Mr. Washington was sentenced to the following: one hundred eighty days in jail

with one hundred fifty days suspended, a fine of $850, six points were placed on his license, and

his license was suspended. In addition, the entry noted that “[t]he vehicle is subject to forfeiture

– See Separate Entry.” The trial court then filed an “Order of Notice of Proceedings for Criminal

Forfeiture of Vehicle[,]” which provided that “the court will order the criminal forfeiture of the

vehicle * * *unless the owner or other person having a right, title or interest in the vehicle can

show cause why the vehicle should not be forfeited.” The order scheduled a forfeiture hearing

for April 1, 2010 and ordered that the Amherst Police Department search public records for

possible lien holders or others with an ownership interest. A lien holder was subsequently

located.

       {¶4}    On February 22, 2010, Mr. Washington filed a notice of appeal in this Court,

raising two assignments of error. This Court issued a show cause order questioning whether the

judgment was final and appealable. This Court noted that the judgment entry stated that the

vehicle was subject to forfeiture, but referenced a separate entry. Further, we noted that the

hearing on forfeiture had not yet occurred. In response, the trial court issued another judgment

entry which incorporated the language from the “Order of Notice of Proceedings for Criminal

Forfeiture of Vehicle[.]” This Court supplemented the record with the new entry.

                                                II.

                                  ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

       “THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING MR. WASHINGTON’S
       MOTION TO SUPPRESS BY FINDING THAT THE ARRESTING OFFICER
       HAD SPECIFIC AND ARTICULABLE FACTS TO JUSTIFY ORDERING MR.
       WASHINGTON FROM HIS VEHICLE AND SUBJECTING HIM TO FIELD
       SOBRIETY TESTS.”
                                                3


                                 ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II

       “THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING PROBABLE CAUSE FOR MR.
       WASHINGTON’S ARREST ON THE BASIS OF OFFICER MURPHY’S
       OBERVATIONS OF MR. WASHINGTON DURING AN INCORRECTLY
       ADMINISTERED FIELD SOBRIETY TEST.”

       {¶5}    The Ohio Constitution limits this Court’s appellate jurisdiction to the review of

judgments or final orders of lower courts. Section 3(B)(2), Article IV, Ohio Constitution. The

Supreme Court of Ohio has clarified that a judgment entry of a criminal conviction is final and

appealable order pursuant to R.C. 2505.02 when it contains: “(1) the guilty plea, the jury verdict,

or the finding of the court upon which the conviction is based; (2) the sentence; (3) the signature

of the judge; and (4) entry on the journal by the clerk of court.” State v. Baker, 119 Ohio St.3d

197, 2008-Ohio-3330, at ¶18.

       {¶6}    In the instant matter, Mr. Washington pleaded no contest to violating R.C.

4511.19(A)(1)(a), with the violation at issue being his third offense in six years. Pursuant to

R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(c)(v),

       “[e]xcept as otherwise provided in division (G)(1)(e) of this section, an offender
       who, within six years of the offense, previously has been convicted of or pleaded
       guilty to two violations of division (A) or (B) of this section or other equivalent
       offenses is guilty of a misdemeanor. The court shall sentence the offender to * *
       * [i]n all cases, if the vehicle is registered in the offender's name, criminal
       forfeiture of the vehicle involved in the offense in accordance with section
       4503.234 of the Revised Code. Division (G)(6) of this section applies regarding
       any vehicle that is subject to an order of criminal forfeiture under this division.”

Here there is evidence in the record that Mr. Washington was the owner of the vehicle and there

is no indication that the vehicle was not registered in his name. Thus, part of his sentence, as

mandated by R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(c)(v), was the criminal forfeiture of his vehicle in accordance

with R.C. 4503.234. Because the forfeiture of the vehicle must be in accordance with R.C.

4503.234, see R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(c)(v), the plain language of R.C. 4511.19(G)(1)(c)(v) requires
                                                 4


that the procedures outlined in R.C. 4503.234 take place prior to sentencing. One of the

requirements of R.C. 4503.234(A) is that “[a] forfeiture order may be issued only after the

offender has been provided with an opportunity to be heard.” In the instant matter, the trial court

has not yet held a forfeiture hearing to determine the disposition of the vehicle. Thus, because

the legislature specifically stated that forfeiture of the vehicle in accordance with R.C. 4503.234

is part of the sentence if the vehicle is registered in the defendant’s name,                 R.C.

4511.19(G)(1)(c)(v), and the Supreme Court has unequivocally stated that a judgment of

conviction must include the sentence in order for it to be final and appealable, Baker at ¶18, Mr.

Washington’s criminal judgment entry cannot be final until the procedures outlined in R.C.

4503.234 are completed and the outcome of the forfeiture hearing can be made part of the

sentencing entry.   Based upon the language of the statute, we discern that the legislature

contemplated a process whereby the state would request a forfeiture hearing at the outset of the

case such that the forfeiture proceeding could occur prior to or in conjunction with the

sentencing of the defendant. We emphasize that our determination is based upon the language

contained in the above statutes and that we do not determine the finality of other journal entries

relying upon different provisions of the Ohio Revised Code. Accordingly, we dismiss Mr.

Washington’s appeal.

                                                III.

       {¶7}    In light of the foregoing, we dismiss the appeal.

                                                                                Appeal dismissed.




       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
                                                 5


period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(E). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellant.




                                                     EVE V. BELFANCE
                                                     FOR THE COURT


WHITMORE, J.
CONCURS

MOORE, J.
CONCURS, SAYING:

       {¶8}    I concur in the majority opinion, as I believe it correctly interprets R.C. 4503.234

and R.C. 4511.19 in such a way as to give effect to each provision. See State v. Cook, 128 Ohio

St.3d 120, 2010-Ohio-6305, at ¶45, quoting United Tel. Co. of Ohio v. Limbach (1994), 71 Ohio

St.3d 369, 372 (“‘the interpretation of related and co-existing statutes must harmonize and give

full application to all such statutes unless they are irreconcilable and in hopeless conflict.’”). I

write separately to point out some practical considerations flowing from our decision that may

not have been considered by the legislature at the time the provisions were enacted. Our

decision today essentially requires a delay between conviction and sentencing if the forfeiture of

a vehicle is contemplated. There are potential issues of whether a defendant who is incarcerated

in lieu of bond will be held in jail pending the holding of a forfeiture hearing which could require

months in order to comply with notice provisions and to permit interested parties to appear and

protect their property interests. Defendants who might remain free on bond may be delayed for

months in beginning court ordered substance abuse treatment because of the delay occasioned by
                                                  6


the forfeiture hearing. Administratively, judges will be prevented from closing cases at the time

of a plea or the conclusion of trial if forfeiture is sought because the statute provides forfeiture as

a part of the sentence.

       {¶9}    While the majority suggests at paragraph 6 “…we discern that the legislature

contemplated a process whereby the state would request a forfeiture hearing at the outset of the

case such that the forfeiture proceeding could occur prior to or in conjunction with the

sentencing of the defendant”, this presumes that at the time the officer files the charging

document, which in some cases is mere hours after arrest, he or she has access to information

regarding ownership interest in the vehicle. In practice, this is not feasible. In the case before

us, because it was filed as a misdemeanor in the Municipal Court, no indictment is presented to

the grand jury seeking forfeiture specifications. It is much more probable that information

regarding possible forfeiture is acquired after the filing of the arrest document during ongoing

investigations leading up to trial. To the extent that the legislature considered the issue, I would

suggest that it anticipated the state making a request for forfeiture at some point before trial or

plea, with the court scheduling a hearing after trial or plea but before sentencing.

       {¶10} Because I anticipate today’s decision to significantly effect change in the manner

in which forfeitures are handled in criminal cases involving these two statutes, I would urge

some consideration by the legislature of the impact that today’s decision will have on the timing

of sentencing, the ability of trial court judges to expeditiously comply with forfeiture notice

provisions, and the impact that delayed sentencing might have on jail overcrowding.


APPEARANCES:

JACK W. BRADLEY and BRIAN J. DARLING, Attorneys at Law, for Appellant.

FRANK S. CARLSON, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.
