                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         MAY 23 2018
                                                                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                        U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

TANYA GRACE McDANIEL,                            No. 17-16335

                Plaintiff-Appellant,             D.C. No. 2:15-cv-02627-KJM-EFB

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; et al.,

                Defendants-Appellees.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Eastern District of California
                   Kimberly J. Mueller, District Judge, Presiding

                             Submitted May 15, 2018**

Before:      SILVERMAN, BEA, and WATFORD, Circuit Judges.

      Tanya Grace McDaniel appeals pro se from the district court’s judgment

dismissing her 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action alleging constitutional and statutory

violations and its order imposing a pre-filing restriction on her as a vexatious

litigant. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo a



      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
dismissal for failure to state a claim under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure

12(b)(6), ASARCO, LLC v. Union Pac. R.R. Co., 765 F.3d 999, 1004 (9th Cir.

2014), and for an abuse of discretion a pre-filing order, Molski v. Evergreen

Dynasty Corp., 500 F.3d 1047, 1056 (9th Cir. 2007). We affirm in part, vacate in

part, and remand.

       The district court properly dismissed McDaniel’s action because McDaniel

failed to allege facts sufficient to state any plausible claim. See Starr v. Baca, 652

F.3d 1202, 1207-08 (9th Cir. 2011) (explaining supervisory liability under § 1983);

Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 338, 341-42 (9th Cir. 2010) (although pro se pleadings

are to be construed liberally, a plaintiff must present factual allegations sufficient

to state a plausible claim for relief).

       The district court did not abuse its discretion by denying McDaniel leave to

amend the complaint because amendment would be futile. See Cervantes v.

Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., 656 F.3d 1034, 1041 (9th Cir. 2011) (setting forth

standard of review and explaining that dismissal without leave to amend is proper

when amendment would be futile).

       The district court found that McDaniel met the definition of a vexatious

litigant under California law and the local rules of court. See Cal. Civ. Proc. Code

§ 391(b)(1) (defining “vexatious litigant”); E.D. Cal. L.R. 151(b) (adopting certain

provisions of Cal. Civ. Proc. Code relating to vexatious litigants). However, the


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district court failed to make explicit substantive findings as to the frivolousness or

harassing nature of McDaniel’s prior filings and failed to tailor narrowly the pre-

filing order to the abuses. See Molski, 500 F.3d at 1057-61 (describing federal

requirements for a pre-filing order based on a vexatious litigant determination); see

also O’Loughlin v. Doe, 920 F.2d 614, 618 (9th Cir. 1990) (reversing pre-filing

order that was not narrowly tailored and where district court failed to make

requisite findings). We therefore vacate the district court’s pre-filing order, and

remand for the district court to make the requisite findings in the first instance.

      We do not consider arguments and allegations raised for the first time on

appeal. See Padgett v. Wright, 587 F.3d 983, 985 n.2 (9th Cir. 2009).

      The parties shall bear their own costs on appeal.

      AFFIRMED in part, VACATED in part, and REMANDED.




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