                                             COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


              Present: Judges Huff, O’Brien and Senior Judge Haley
              Argued at Fredericksburg, Virginia
UNPUBLISHED




              VERIZON VIRGINIA INC. AND
               SEDGWICK CLAIMS MANAGEMENT SERVICES, INC.
                                                       MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY
              v.   Record No. 1556-18-4                 JUDGE JAMES W. HALEY, JR.
                                                               MAY 14, 2019
              VIRGIL SALIARD


                            FROM THE VIRGINIA WORKERS’ COMPENSATION COMMISSION

                               Pietro F. Sanitate (Joshua M. Wulf; Midkiff, Muncie & Ross, P.C.,
                               on brief), for appellants.

                               Andrew S. Kasmer for appellee.


                     Verizon Virginia and Sedgwick Claims Management Services (“employer”) appeal the

              decision of the Virginia Workers’ Compensation Commission (“Commission”), which held that

              Virgil Saliard (“claimant”) experienced a compensable injury arising out of and in the course of

              his employment and that the requested medical treatment and disability were causally related to

              the work accident. Employer argues that the Commission erred in finding claimant’s injury was

              work-related because claimant’s testimony was inherently incredible.1 We affirm the

              Commission’s decision.




                     *
                         Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
                     1
                       Employer raised four assignments of error in its opening brief but addressed them in a
              single argument. To the extent that the argument does not discuss fully the assigned errors, they
              are waived under Rule 5A:20, which provides that the opening brief must contain “the argument
              (including principles of law and authorities) relating to each assignment of error.”
                                            Background

       On appeal, “[t]his Court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the

prevailing party before the commission.” Samartino v. Fairfax Cty. Fire & Rescue, 64 Va. App.

499, 502-03 (2015). So viewed, the evidence established that on May 12, 2017, claimant was

employed as an “outside plant tech” for employer, which involved installing poles and

above-ground and underground cables. The diameter of the cable was about the size of a quarter.

While pulling a cable, which had been lashed to a pole, downward to a reel, claimant felt an

immediate pain in his back that radiated through his left leg into his left foot.

       Claimant went to Inova Fairfax Hospital (“Inova”) on May 13, 2017. He told the treating

physicians that the pain on his left side of his back had begun the previous day and he had had

pain on the right side of his back in April 2016. He did not mention that the pain on his left side

had been caused by a work injury because he only gave information “based on what [the medical

personnel] asked [him]” when they inquired about his prior medical history and present pain.

Claimant reported the accident to his supervisor after he left the hospital. Due to persistent pain,

claimant returned to the hospital on May 18, 2017, and was hospitalized for three days before

returning to work.

       Claimant continued to experience back pain. During the next several months, he sought

treatment from his primary care physician, Dr. Patel, a neurologist, Dr. Manem, and a

neurosurgeon, Dr. McHugh. Claimant stopped working on September 5, 2017, on the advice of

Dr. McHugh, who also recommended that claimant have back surgery. Claimant filed a pro se

claim for benefits on October 6, 2017, and filed a second claim for benefits on November 7,

2017, after retaining counsel. Claimant’s request for surgery was denied in October 2017, but he

did not learn of the denial until November 2017, after which Dr. McHugh did not continue

treating him.

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         On March 30, 2018, an evidentiary hearing was held before the deputy commissioner.

Claimant sought an award for his injury “involving his lower back with left sided radiculopathy,”

including authorization for back surgery. Employer challenged whether the injury arose out of

and in the course of claimant’s employment and whether his condition was causally related to his

employment.

         Claimant testified at the hearing that he had told doctors Patel and McHugh that he had

injured his back while pulling cable at work, but the doctors’ notes of visits before December

2017 did not reflect that claimant’s injury was work-related. After claimant’s surgery request

was denied, his medical records specifically indicated that his back pain was related to his work

injury. Dr. Patel noted after an office visit on December 1, 2017, that claimant’s back pain

“started in May 2017 when [claimant] was pulling a heavy cable at work.” Claimant’s attorney

recommended that claimant see Dr. Sabet, who was associated with an orthopaedic and spine

practice. Dr. Sabet’s record of an office visit on January 4, 2018, stated, “50 y/o male, new

patient, who sustained an injury to his low back after pulling fiber cables on 5/12/2017 while at

work.”

         Ruling in favor of claimant, the deputy commissioner stated:

                [W]e closely observed the claimant during the course of his
                hearing testimony, and we determine he was a candid and credible
                witness. The claimant did not demonstrate any physical
                mannerisms or facial expressions which lead us to conclude he was
                anything other than totally honest in his testimony regarding the
                circumstances of his injury. We therefore fully credit his
                testimony that, while pulling on some cable he was installing, he
                felt pain in his back radiating through his leg to his left foot.

The deputy commissioner determined that claimant proved he had suffered a compensable injury

arising out of and in the course of his employment and that the requested medical treatment and

disability were causally related to the work accident.



                                                -3-
       Employer requested review by the full Commission, which affirmed in a unanimous

decision on September 14, 2018. When discussing claimant’s credibility, the Commission

explained:

               The Deputy Commissioner also carefully considered the claimant’s
               testimony regarding the details he provided to his doctors as well
               as the reasons he did not initially elaborate about his work
               accident. The Deputy Commissioner, recognizing “that the
               contemporaneous medical record does not indicate the cause of
               injury to which the claimant testified at the hearing until
               [Dr. Patel’s] December 1, 2017” note, nonetheless found the
               claimant’s explanations satisfactory and credible. We defer to
               these credibility determinations, which were based on the Deputy
               Commissioner’s observations of the claimant’s demeanor, and in
               light of the other evidence in the record including the claimant’s
               testimony that he did tell Dr. Patel and Dr. McHugh about pulling
               cable at work and the details that are accurately described in later
               medical histories.

The Commission further stated that it did “not expect medical histories to mirror the claimant’s

testimony of how the injury occurred” because the medical providers’ “primary interest is

diagnosis and treatment.”

       Employer appealed to this Court, asserting that the Commission’s credibility findings in

favor of claimant were in error in light of the contemporaneous medical evidence that failed to

corroborate claimant’s testimony.

                                             Analysis

       Questions regarding “the causation, nature, and extent of disability” are issues of fact.

United Airlines, Inc. v. Hayes, 58 Va. App. 220, 237 (2011). “Decisions of the commission as to

questions of fact, if supported by credible evidence, are conclusive and binding upon this Court.”

VFP, Inc. v. Shepherd, 39 Va. App. 289, 292 (2002) (quoting WLR Foods v. Cardosa, 26

Va. App. 220, 230 (1997)). “That contrary evidence may be in the record is of no consequence if

there is credible evidence to support the commission’s findings.” Georgia-Pacific Corp. v.

Robinson, 32 Va. App. 1, 4, (2000) (quoting Sneed v. Morengo, 19 Va. App. 199, 204 (1994)).
                                               -4-
“In determining whether credible evidence exists, the appellate court does not retry the facts,

reweigh the preponderance of the evidence, or make its own determination of the credibility of

the witnesses.” Wagner Enters., Inc. v. Brooks, 12 Va. App. 890, 894 (1991).

       The claimant must prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that he sustained a

compensable injury. See Va. Dep’t of Transp. v. Mosebrook, 13 Va. App. 536, 537 (1992). The

claimant must establish that an identifiable incident occurred at some reasonably definite time,

resulting in an obvious sudden mechanical or structural change in his body that is causally

connected to the incident. See Hoffman v. Carter, 50 Va. App. 199, 212 (2007).

       Employer contends that the Commission erred in awarding benefits to claimant because

its decision was based on its erroneous assessment that claimant was a credible witness.

Employer argues that claimant’s testimony was inherently incredible because his medical records

contradicted his testimony that he told his treating doctors that his injury was work-related before

his request for surgery was denied. Employer points to claimant’s medical records that do not

mention a work-related injury, arguing that no causal link between his injury and his

employment has been established.

       However, claimant explained at the hearing that he relayed the details of the injury

“based on what [the medical personnel] asked [him].” Both the deputy commissioner and the

full Commission accepted his explanation, deeming claimant credible. “Evidence is not

‘incredible’ unless it is ‘so manifestly false that reasonable men ought not to believe it’ or shown

to be false by objects or things as to the existence and meaning of which reasonable men should

not differ.” Gerald v. Commonwealth, 295 Va. 469, 486-87 (2018) (quoting Juniper v.

Commonwealth, 271 Va. 362, 415 (2006)). Claimant’s explanation did not stray so far from

human experience as to suggest it was beyond belief. The fact that claimant’s medical records

did not initially reflect that his injury had occurred while he was pulling cable on May 12, 2017,

                                                -5-
did “not necessarily render [his] testimony unworthy of belief.” Juniper, 271 Va. at 415. Rather,

“[t]his circumstance [was] appropriately weighed as part of the entire issue of witness

credibility,” to be determined by the fact finder. Id.

       Further, “[m]edical evidence is not necessarily conclusive, but is subject to the

commission’s consideration and weighing.” Dollar General Store v. Cridlin, 22 Va. App. 171,

176 (1996) (quoting Hungerford Mechanical Corp. v. Hobson, 11 Va. App. 675, 677 (1991)). In

Dollar General, the employer contended that the claimant’s medical records were dispositive in

ascertaining the cause of her injury and did not establish the requisite connection. Id. This Court

held that the Commission “was free to credit claimant’s testimony at the hearing” and give “little

weight” to the medical records in determining causation. Id. at 177. Similarly, here, the

Commission was not required to give greater weight to claimant’s medical records than to his

testimony, which the Commission found credible. “The fact that contrary evidence may appear

in the record ‘is of no consequence if there is credible evidence to support the commission’s

finding.’” Id. (quoting Wagner Enters., 12 Va. App. at 894).

       Additionally, claimant identified the time, place, and source of his injury to pulling cable

on May 12, 2017, and he reported the injury to his supervisor the day after it occurred. Code

§ 65.2-600(A) provides that “[e]very injured employee or his representative shall immediately on

the occurrence of an accident or as soon thereafter as practicable, give or cause to be given to the

employer a written notice of the accident.” Code § 65.2-600(B) states that “[t]he notice shall

state the name and address of the employee, the time and place of the accident, and the nature

and cause of the accident and the injury.”2 Written notice is not necessary, however, “if the




       2
         The Commission’s Form VWC1 also requires an injured employee to “[i]mmediately
give notice to the employer . . . of the injury . . . and the date of accident . . . .”
                                                   -6-
employer has actual notice through a foreman or other superior officer.” Goodyear Tire &

Rubber Co. v. Harris, 35 Va. App. 162, 171 (2001).

       At the hearing before the deputy commissioner, employer specifically stated, “We are not

asserting a notice defense.” In effect, employer conceded that it was aware shortly after the

accident occurred that claimant was injured while pulling cable. Because employer did not

contest notice of claimant’s injury it is disingenuous for employer to argue that claimant’s injury

was not work-related.

       In sum, even though employer attempted to impeach claimant’s credibility with

conflicting medical records, the Commission found claimant’s testimony credible. There are no

grounds to overturn that decision on appeal. See Dollar General, 22 Va. App. at 176 (“We will

not substitute our judgment for that of the trier of fact, which had an opportunity to observe the

witnesses and evaluate their credibility.”).

       We find that the Commission properly awarded benefits to claimant after determining he

experienced a compensable injury arising out of and in the course of his employment and that the

requested medical treatment and disability were causally related to the work accident.

Accordingly, we affirm the Commission’s decision.

                                                                                          Affirmed.




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