Filed 4/6/17 Certified for Publication 6/14/17 (order attached)




              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                     FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                DIVISION ONE


GRIST CREEK AGGREGATES, LLC,
         Petitioner,
v.
THE SUPERIOR COURT OF                                             A149861
MENDOCINO COUNTY,
                                                                  (Mendocino County
         Respondent;                                              Super. Ct. No. SCUK-CVPT 16-
MENDOCINO COUNTY AIR                                              67449)
QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT
et al.,
         Real Parties in Interest.


         After the Mendocino County Air Quality Management District (District) approved
an application by Grist Creek Aggregates, LLC (Grist Creek) for a permit to construct a
“Crumb Rubber Heating and Blending Unit” for the production of rubberized asphalt,
Friends of Outlet Creek (Friends), a neighborhood environmental group, appealed to the
District‟s Hearing Board (Hearing Board or Board). The four members of the Board who
considered the appeal split evenly on their vote, and as a consequence, the Board stated
no further action would be taken, leaving the permit in place. Friends filed a petition for
writ of administrative mandate in the trial court, claiming that Grist Creek should have
conducted an environmental review and that the District and Hearing Board violated the
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA, Pub. Resources Code, § 21000 et seq.)
and District regulations by failing to order Grist Creek to conduct one. The Hearing


                                                          1
Board demurred on the ground that because the split vote was tantamount to no action,
there was nothing for the trial court to review. Grist Creek also demurred, but on
different grounds. It claimed that Friends could not sue directly under CEQA; could not,
in any event, show an abuse of discretion by the Board; and had failed to exhaust its
administrative remedies. The trial court sustained the Board‟s demurrer with leave to
amend and overruled Grist Creek‟s demurrer on the ground the Hearing Board‟s tie vote
was not a decision and there was therefore nothing to review. Grist Creek filed the
instant original writ proceeding, challenging the trial court‟s ruling and seeking issuance
of a writ of mandate requiring the trial court to vacate its demurrer rulings.
       We conclude the Hearing Board‟s tie vote resulted in the denial of Friends‟
administrative appeal and that the denial is subject to judicial review. We therefore grant
the petition, direct that a writ of mandate issue, and command the trial court to conduct
further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
                                          I.
                                FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL
                                     BACKGROUND
       Grist Creek owns property in Mendocino County on which it has aggregate and
asphalt processing operations. The lawsuit underlying this writ proceeding is one of
several legal actions challenging, on environmental and other grounds, Grist Creek‟s
construction and operation of the asphalt facility. It concerns only one of the permits
issued in connection with the facility, specifically an Authority to Construct (ATC) a
“Crumb Rubber Heating and Blending Unit for the Production of Rubberized Asphalt”




                                              2
(ATC Permit No. 1416-5-01-15-59), issued by the District on November 17, 2015.1 We
will refer to this approval as the “November ATC.”
       Friends is an unincorporated environmental association formed to oppose the
plant. It alleges that in approving the November ATC, the District and its air pollution
control officer failed to comply with CEQA and with the District‟s own regulations
implementing the act.
       The Hearing Board hears appeals from District actions. It is usually composed of
five members. (Health & Saf. Code, § 40800.)2
       Friends appealed the November ATC to the Hearing Board. Four Board members
participated in the appeal after Friends objected to the fifth member‟s participation
because he previously had worked for Grist Creek. Apparently there was no alternate to
fill the missing position on the Board.
       On April 5, 2016, following two hearings, the Hearing Board issued notice of a tie
vote. The notice states the Hearing Board “was unable to make a decision due to a 2-2 tie
vote. The Hearing Board will not hold any further hearings on the appeal.”
       Friends filed a petition for writ of mandate in the trial court against the District,
the air pollution control officer, the Hearing Board, and Grist Creek seeking to set aside
the November ATC. The group alleged it was entitled to review under several alternative
statutes: Code of Civil Procedure sections 526, 527, 1085, 1088.5, and 1094.5; Public


       1
         We have also considered challenges to a different ATC issued by the District in
June 2015. In Friends of Outlet Creek v. Superior Court of Mendocino County
(A148038, petn. den. May 3, 2016), we denied a writ petition Friends filed after the trial
court sustained a demurrer in the action challenging that ATC. In Friends of Outlet
Creek v. Mendocino County Air Quality Management District et al. (Mar. 23, 2017,
A148508), we reversed the trial court‟s order in that case sustaining demurrers by the
District, the Hearing Board and Grist Creek and remanded for further proceedings.
Friends has also appealed from the dismissal of its separate action against the County of
Mendocino, Friends of Outlet Creek v. County of Mendocino et al. (A147499). That
appeal is pending in Division Four of this Court.
       2
        All statutory references are to the Health and Safety Code unless otherwise
specified.


                                               3
Resources Code sections 21168, 21168.5, and 21168.9; and Health and Safety Code
section 40864.
       Friends alleged that the Hearing Board, “in [an] abuse of its discretion and without
the support of substantial evidence, . . . failed to make findings that the [air pollution
control officer] and the [District] did not comply with the law in issuing the November
[ATC] and failed to take appropriate action to rectify that illegal action.” Friends also
asked that the November ATC be “found void” and requested an order that Grist Creek
cease construction of the plant and dismantle all project equipment until it was brought
into legal compliance. The group advanced two causes of action, one for failure to
comply with CEQA and one for failure to comply with the District‟s own regulations.
       Approximately three months after Friends filed its petition, the Mendocino County
Board of Supervisors appointed an additional member to the Hearing Board.
       Grist Creek demurred to Friends‟ petition, claiming that (1) CEQA did not provide
a cause of action and that, even if it did, Friends failed to allege sufficient facts to support
such a claim, (2) Friends had failed to state facts showing that the Hearing Board abused
its discretion, and (3) Friends had failed to exhaust its administrative remedies by not
complying with procedures available under Mendocino County‟s zoning ordinance. The
District joined in the demurrer.
       The Hearing Board also demurred to the petition, but on different grounds. The
Board maintained that its tie decision meant it failed to take action on Friends‟ appeal and
this meant there was no final action for the trial court to review.
       In a tentative ruling, the trial court stated it was considering remand or “any other
proposed method to ensure that [Friends‟] appeal is considered by a board with the ability
to take action.” Apparently, the parties conferred but were unable to agree to a procedure
that called for a remand for further action by the Hearing Board.
       The trial court thereafter overruled Grist Creek‟s demurrer and sustained the
Hearing Board‟s demurrer. The underpinning of both rulings was the court‟s conclusion
that the Board took “no action” on the November ATC and thus “it must be concluded
that an action challenging a purported decision on the ATC by the Hearing Board fails to


                                               4
allege facts sufficient to state a cause of action under [Code of Civil Procedure section]
1094.5 and [Health and Safety Code section] 40864. [Friends] may have a factual and
legal basis to challenge respondents‟ approval of the ATC but it is not through a
CCP 1094.5 challenge to the Hearing Board‟s proceedings . . . .” As to the Board‟s
demurrer, the trial court granted Friends leave to amend within 45 days, but added, “The
appointment of the fifth Hearing Board member and the availability of an alternate
member for each primary Board member will almost certainly guarantee the ability of the
Hearing Board to take effective action on the appeal if the matter is returned to the Board
for consideration and decision.”
       According to the declaration of one of Friends‟ attorneys, the Hearing Board is
aware of the trial court‟s order but does not intend to take further action on Friends‟
appeal of the November ATC and has interpreted the order to require no further action.
       Grist Creek sought writ relief from the trial court‟s order overruling its demurrer
and concluding that the District‟s split vote meant the Hearing Board took no action, and
we issued an order to show cause.3




       3
         For its part, the District maintains the writ petition is now moot because the
November ATC expired in October 2016 and has not been renewed, and Grist Creek‟s
subcontractor removed the permitted unit in April 2016. The District asks that we take
judicial notice of a letter dated October 20, 2016, from the District to Grist Creek stating
that a new permit will be required for any new equipment on the site and that there is no
longer a valid permit at the location. Grist Creek disputes that this original writ
proceeding is moot and contends that under the District‟s rules and regulations, of which
it asks us to take judicial notice, the November ATC “renewed as a matter of law when
Grist Creek submitted its annual permit renewal fee to the District.” Grist Creek
represents that it intends to seek leave to file an amended complaint in a separate action
to challenge the failure to automatically renew the November ATC. Even assuming
(without deciding) that the underlying controversy is technically moot, we agree with
Grist Creek that it presents an issue likely to reoccur and we therefore exercise our
inherent discretion to resolve it. (Castro v. Superior Court (2004) 116 Cal.App.4th 1010,
1014, fn. 3.) The requests for judicial notice filed by Grist Creek and the District are
therefore denied.


                                              5
                                              II.
                                         DISCUSSION
       The question we resolve in this writ proceeding is narrow: What was the legal
effect of the Hearing Board‟s tie vote on Friends‟ challenge to the District‟s approval of
the November ATC? While Friends, on one hand, and Grist Creek and the District, on
the other hand, disagree about the underlying merits of this dispute and whether the
November ATC should be invalidated, all three agree that the effect of the Board‟s tie
vote was to deny Friends‟ appeal and that the trial court‟s conclusion that the tie vote
resulted in no action to be judicially reviewed was erroneous. Stated differently, these
parties agree that the effect of the tie vote was to affirm the issuance of the November
ATC. The Hearing Board, for its part, maintains the trial court correctly ruled that its tie
vote resulted in no action being taken on Friends‟ appeal of the District‟s ATC approval,
and there is thus nothing to review. We conclude Grist Creek, Friends, and the District
have the better argument.
       We first note that, putting aside its merits, the trial court‟s order sustaining the
Hearing Board‟s demurrer is internally inconsistent. The court granted Friends leave to
amend its complaint. In its preliminary response to this writ petition, the Hearing Board
argued that because Friends was given the opportunity to amend, there is no need for this
court to review the court‟s order at this stage. Yet given the court‟s conclusion that the
Hearing Board‟s tie vote means Friends is unable to state a cause of action, it is unclear
how the petition possibly could be amended to state a valid cause. The trial court also
noted that the appointment of a fifth member to the Hearing Board “will almost certainly
guarantee the ability of the Hearing Board to take effective action on the appeal if the
matter is returned to the Board” (italics added), but the court did not actually order that
the matter be remanded to the Hearing Board for further action.4 It is thus unclear how
Friends, or any of the parties, could comply with the court‟s demurrer order.

       4
        Although the parties disagree on what action the court should take in this writ
proceeding, they all object to the matter being remanded to the Hearing Board for further
consideration.


                                               6
       There is one principle that indisputably applies to tie votes by administrative
agencies: “T[hey] mean different things in different contexts.” (Vedanta Society of So.
California v. California Quartet, Ltd. (2000) 84 Cal.App.4th 517, 521 (Vedanta).) To
provide context in these proceedings, we summarize the statutory scheme governing the
issuance of permits such as the November ATC.
       The District is composed of the members of the Mendocino County Board of
Supervisors (§§ 40100, 40100.5, subd. (e)) and has the authority to issue permits to build
and operate equipment that may cause the issuance of air contaminants (§ 42300.1). Any
“aggrieved person” who participates in the process to obtain a permit from the District
may request that the Hearing Board hold a public hearing to determine whether the
permit was properly issued. (§ 42302.1.)
       In general, a hearing board may not modify or revoke a permit unless the board
holds a public hearing. (§§ 40808, 42302.1.) Three members of the five-member board
comprise a quorum. (§§ 40800, 40820.) By statute, “[N]o action shall be taken by the
hearing board except in the presence of a quorum and upon the affirmative vote of a
majority of the members of the hearing board.” (§ 40820.) After a hearing, the hearing
board “may” (not must) take any of the following actions: (a) grant a permit that was
denied by the air pollution control officer, (b) continue the suspension of a permit that
was suspended by the air pollution control officer, (c) remove the suspension of an
existing permit pending further information, (d) find that no violation exists and reinstate
an existing permit, or (e) revoke an existing permit, if certain findings are made.
(§ 42309.) The hearing board “shall render a decision on whether the permit was
properly issued” (§ 42302.1), and the decision “shall include the reasons for the decision”
(§ 40862).
       Taken together, these statutes mean that the Hearing Board here had a quorum to
consider Friends‟ appeal of the November ATC, but failed to take action on the appeal
because the appeal did not receive the votes of a majority of the members. (§ 40820.)
The Hearing Board likewise did not take any of the actions permitted under
section 42309 following a hearing, and it did not render a decision (§ 42302.1). It does


                                             7
not follow, however, that there is nothing for the trial court to review. The gravamen of
Friends‟ petition in the trial court is a challenge to the District‟s underlying approval of
the November ATC and the Hearing Board‟s failure to revoke that permit. That
controversy is ripe for judicial review.
       The cases upon which the trial court relied in sustaining the Hearing Board‟s
demurrer are not to the contrary. For example, in Lopez v. Imperial County Sheriff’s
Office (2008) 165 Cal.App.4th 1 (Lopez), a county sheriff‟s office terminated two
employees, who appealed their terminations to a five-member county employment
appeals board. (Id. at p. 3.) Two members voted to sustain the terminations, two voted to
reverse them, and one abstained after concluding that the “ „evidence . . . [w]as far from
sufficient to support a decision.‟ ” (Ibid.) The fired employees argued that the tie vote
effectively reversed their terminations, but the trial court disagreed and instead ordered
the board to conduct another vote, and the appellate court affirmed the ruling. (Id. at
pp. 3-4.) Lopez faulted the abstaining board member, who “erroneously deferred to [the
sheriff‟s office‟s] findings, even as he stated that the deference „[was] at war with the
excellent record of the [fired employees], and the somewhat minor level of the admitted
transgressions.‟ ” (Id. at p. 5.) The court held that because the board was compelled to
independently review the sheriff‟s office‟s decision, it was appropriate to remand to the
board so that it could take this mandated action. The Lopez court held “that the tie votes
resulted in a failure to act,” which “returned [the fired employees] to the status quo ante,
and the [sheriff‟s office‟s] terminations remain[ed] in effect until the Board conduct[ed]
another vote,” meaning that the court would not go so far as to reverse the employees‟
terminations as the employees requested. (Ibid.)
       Here, the trial court relied on Lopez for the broad proposition that “a tie vote of an
administrative agency results in no action,” but that reliance is based on an
oversimplification. Again, in Lopez, the fired employees argued that the board‟s tie vote
resulted in their reinstatement, but the appellate court rejected that argument, concluding
instead that the tie vote restored them to having been terminated after the fifth board
member wrongfully abstained from the vote. (Id. at pp. 3-5.) That is the context in


                                              8
which the court concluded that the board had taken no action. (Id. at p. 4.) In other
words, Lopez did not hold that a tie vote resulted in the terminated employees‟ failure to
state a cause of action, only that they were entitled to a different remedy from the one
they sought.
       By contrast, Friends does not claim that the tie vote resulted in the reversal of the
November ATC. To the contrary, it acknowledges that the Hearing Board failed to
overrule the District, and Friends‟ petition alleges that the Hearing Board‟s failure to do
so was an abuse of discretion. Unlike in Lopez, there is no allegation here that any
member of the Hearing Board who participated in Friends‟ appeal failed to act as
required by law, and there is likewise no allegation that the fifth Board member
wrongfully abstained from participating. So whereas it was appropriate in Lopez to
remand to the hearing board to take action it was required to take, there is no analogous
reason to remand here.
       Clark v. City of Hermosa Beach (1996) 48 Cal.App.4th 1152 (Clark) also does not
support the trial court‟s conclusion that Friends failed to state a cause of action. In Clark,
a city planning commission approved plaintiff property owners‟ application for permits
related to a building project, but the city council denied the permits by a three-to-two
vote. (Id. at p. 1159.) Clark concluded that the property owners were deprived of a fair
hearing because, among other things, one of the voting council members had a conflict of
interest. (Id. at pp. 1159, 1172-1173.) Whereas the trial court ordered the city to
reinstate the planning commission‟s approval of the property owners‟ permits, Clark held
that the appropriate remedy was to remand to the city council to provide a second, fair
hearing on the matter. (Id. at pp. 1168-1169.) The court based its decision on the
language of Code of Civil Procedure section 1094.5, subdivision (f), which permits a
court to set aside an order but not to reinstate a previous decision. (Clark, at p. 1174.) It
also relied on the applicable municipal code, which required three affirmative votes of
city council members in order to obtain the relevant use permit. (Id. at pp. 1175-1176.)
Because the property owners had not received three votes by council members free from
conflict, the court ordered the matter returned to the city council to rehear the appeal and


                                              9
to provide the property owners with a fair hearing on their permits. (Id. at pp. 1176-
1177.) As in Lopez, the court did not hold that a tie vote resulted in a failure to state a
cause of action, but instead focused on the appropriate remedy.
       Lopez and Clark both quoted a statement from Graves v. Commission on
Professional Competence (1976) 63 Cal.App.3d 970, 976-977 (Graves), that “as a
general rule an even division among members of an administrative agency results in no
action.” (Lopez, supra, 165 Cal.App.4th at p. 4; Clark, supra, 48 Cal.App.4th at
p. 1176.) The trial court here interpreted this passage broadly to mean that “no action” on
an appeal means that a tie vote results in no action that may be reviewed by writ of
mandate. But like the other cases cited by the trial court, Graves does not support this
broad of a conclusion. The case involved a challenge to the decision of a school district‟s
hearing commission to dismiss a district employee. (Graves, supra, at pp. 971-972.)
Two commission officers voted to dismiss the employee, and a third dissented. (Id. at
pp. 972-973.) Graves concluded that the decision was invalid because one of the two
commissioners who voted in favor of dismissal was not authorized to participate in the
decision, and the trial court thus should have set aside the commission‟s decision. (Id. at
pp. 976-977.) It was in this context—deciding whether having only two qualified
members participate in a commission decision invalidated the decision—that the court
noted that tie votes of an administrative agency generally result in “no action.” (Id. at
pp. 976-977.) In Graves, as in Lopez and Clark, this meant that the agency‟s decision
should be set aside—not that it was immune from review because of a tie vote, as the trial
court concluded in this case.
       Finally, Anderson v. Pittenger (1961) 197 Cal.App.2d 188, the last case upon
which the trial court relied, also does not support its conclusion. In Anderson, a city
council held a hearing regarding a planning commission‟s approval of a variance, and a
motion to approve the variance resulted in a two-two tie after a fifth councilmember did
not vote on the motion. (Id. at pp. 189-191.) Meeting minutes following the vote stated
that the motion “ „failed to carry‟ ” and that the motion “ „could be revoted upon now or
at a later time . . . .‟ ” (Id. at pp. 191-192, italics added.) At a council meeting months


                                              10
later, the council voted three-to-two to deny the permit. (Id. at p. 192.) On appeal, the
property owner argued that the original tie vote affirmed the commission‟s approval and
that the city council lost jurisdiction to reconsider that decision, but Anderson rejected
both arguments. (Id. at pp. 194-195.) The court concluded that the original tie vote
resulted in “no action” (id. at p. 195) and that the city council retained jurisdiction to vote
on the permit later, as it had said it would do. (Id. at pp. 194-195.) Here, by contrast, the
Hearing Board has not indicated it intends to revisit Friends‟ appeal.
       In sum, although the cases upon which the trial court relied in sustaining the
Hearing Board‟s demurrer referred generally to a tie vote resulting in “no action,” none
of them stand for the proposition that the results of those tie votes were not subject to
judicial review. To the contrary, the courts analyzed what judicial remedy was
appropriate given the effect of the tie votes.
       We agree with Grist Creek, the District, and Friends that the effect of the Hearing
Board‟s tie vote here was to deny Friends‟ appeal, leaving the November ATC intact and,
thus, the Hearing Board‟s failure to act was itself an action subject to judicial review.
       In situations where an appeal to a hearing board does receive an affirmative vote
of the majority of the members (§ 40820), a party may seek judicial review by filing a
petition for a writ of administrative mandate under Code of Civil Procedure
section 1094.5. (§ 40864.) Such a writ of mandate is “for the purpose of inquiring into
the validity of any final administrative order or decision made as the result of a
proceeding in which by law a hearing is required to be given, evidence is required to be
taken, and discretion in the determination of facts is vested in the inferior tribunal,
corporation, board or officer . . . .” (Code Civ. Proc., § 1094.5, subd. (a), italics added.)
The parties apparently do not dispute that proceedings before the Hearing Board are the




                                                 11
type encompassed by administrative mandate.5 (E.g., § 42308 [hearing by board].)
Instead, they dispute whether the Hearing Board‟s tie vote meant that there was no “order
or decision” (Code Civ. Proc., § 1094.5, subd. (a)) to review. The Hearing Board
apparently contends that because it did not issue a written decision, there is no decision
for the trial court to review. This is too narrow a view of proceedings in administrative
mandate.
       The board‟s tie vote meant that the November ATC was allowed to stand, which
was effectively a decision not to revoke it (cf. § 42309, subd. (e)). The trial court may
review this decision for a prejudicial abuse of discretion under Code of Civil Procedure
section 1094.5, subdivision (b)—that is, whether the Hearing Board proceeded in the
manner required by law or whether the decision not to set aside the November ATC was
supported by the evidence. (See also § 1094.5, subd. (c) [analyzing whether findings are
supported by substantial evidence].) True, the Hearing Board did not make any written
factual findings, so it is difficult to know how the trial court‟s review of Board
proceedings will unfold. But the gravamen of Friends‟ petition is a challenge to the
November ATC, and we have no trouble concluding that the tie vote does not hinder a
review of that approval.
       We find further support for our holding in the requirements for filing a petition for
writ of administrative mandamus under Code of Civil Procedure section 1094.5.
Subdivision (a) provides that the trial court may review “the validity of any final
administrative order or decision made as the result of a proceeding in which by law a
hearing is required to be given, evidence is required to be taken, and discretion in the
determination of facts is vested in the inferior tribunal, . . . board, or officer.” Before
seeking relief under this provision, a party must exhaust available administrative

       5
         We likewise held in appeal No. A148508 that whether styled as a challenge
directly under CEQA or a writ proceeding under section 40864, Friends‟ challenge to the
issuance of an ATC appealed to the Hearing Board is subject to judicial review under
administrative mandamus (Civ. Proc. Code § 1094.5). (Friends of Outlet Creek v.
Mendocino County Air Quality Management District et al., supra, A148508 [nonpub.
opn.].)


                                              12
remedies. (Eight Unnamed Physicians v. Medical Executive Com. (2007)
150 Cal.App.4th 503, 510-511.) “[T]he rule is that where an administrative remedy is
provided by statute, relief must be sought from the administrative body and this remedy
exhausted before the courts will act.” (Abelleira v. District Court of Appeal (1941)
17 Cal.2d 280, 292.) “The primary purpose of the doctrine „is to afford administrative
tribunals the opportunity to decide in a final way matters within their area of expertise
prior to judicial review.‟ [Citation.] „The essence of the exhaustion doctrine is the public
agency‟s opportunity to receive and respond to articulated factual issues and legal
theories before its actions are subjected to judicial review.‟ [Citations.] The doctrine
prevents courts from interfering with the subject matter of another tribunal.” (Citizens for
Open Government v. City of Lodi (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 865, 874.)
       Here, Friends exhausted its administrative remedies by doing everything it could
do to challenge the District‟s approval of the November ATC, and the relevant
administrative tribunal (the Hearing Board) was given an opportunity to decide a matter
within its area of expertise before Friends sought judicial review. Thus, reviewing the
District‟s permit approval by the trial court will not constitute judicial interference with
the authority or subject-matter expertise of the Hearing Board.6 (Citizens for Open
Government v. City of Lodi, supra, 144 Cal.App.4th at p. 874.)
       We reject the Hearing Board‟s contention, raised for the first time in this writ
proceeding, that Friends‟ petition should be amended to exclude the Board as a party.
Whereas the Board argued below that its demurrer should be sustained without leave to
amend, and argued in its preliminary response in this court that this petition be denied

       6
         Some of the foregoing analysis is taken from an opinion that was ordered
depublished upon grant of review of an issue unrelated to the effect of a tie vote. (See
Today’s Fresh Start, Inc. v. Los Angeles County Office of Education (2013) 57 Cal.4th
197, 210 [noting without analysis that State Board of Education‟s tie vote amounted to
affirmation of county board‟s decision].) We find the Court of Appeal‟s analysis
persuasive. (Venoco, Inc. v. Gulf Underwriters Ins. Co. (2009) 175 Cal.App.4th 750,
763, fn. 1 [“We read [an unpublished decision]. Its reasoning is impeccable. Too bad we
cannot cite it.”]; People v. McDaniels (1994) 21 Cal.App.4th 1560, 1566, fn. 2 [analysis
in unpublished opinion may properly be considered].)


                                              13
and the case be allowed “to proceed to a final decision,” it now argues in its return to
Grist Creek‟s petition that Friends‟ petition could be amended to exclude the Hearing
Board. According to the Hearing Board, Friends could amend its petition to seek review
of the District‟s approval, it could allege that the group had exhausted its administrative
remedies, and “[t]he Hearing Board would not need to be named in that amended petition
and the only required administrative record would be the record made by the [District‟s
air pollution control officer] in making his decision.” We disagree. First, this position
was apparently not advanced below, or even in the Hearing Board‟s preliminary response
in this court. Second, and more significantly, it would be premature to conclude that the
proceedings before the Hearing Board are inevitably irrelevant to Friends‟ underlying
petition.
       In sum, we conclude that the trial court erred in ruling that Friends failed to allege
a cause of action on the basis that the Hearing Board‟s tie vote resulted in “no action.”
We again stress, however, that our ruling is a narrow one. We agree with Vedanta,
supra, 84 Cal.App.4th at page 521, that tie votes mean different things in different
contexts. In the statutory and procedural context presented here, the tie vote meant that
the Hearing Board effectively allowed the November ATC to stand, and the outcome of
not setting aside the November ATC may be reviewed by way of a writ petition in the
trial court.
                                             III.
                                        DISPOSITION
       The District‟s request for judicial notice, filed on January 19, 2017, is denied.
       Grist Creek‟s request for judicial notice, filed on February 3, 2017, is denied.
       Grist Creek‟s petition for a writ of mandate is granted. Let a writ of mandate issue
commanding the trial court to vacate its order sustaining the Hearing Board‟s demurrer
and to enter a new and different order overruling the demurrer. The trial court is further
directed to reconsider the merits of Grist Creek‟s demurrer in light of this opinion as well
as this court‟s opinion in Friends of Outlet Creek v. Mendocino County Air Quality
Management District et al. (A148508).


                                             14
       To prevent further delays in the superior court proceedings, this decision shall be
final as to this court five court days after its filing. (Cal. Rules of Court,
rule 8.490(b)(2)(A).) The previously issued stay shall dissolve upon finality of this
opinion.
       Each party to bear its own costs.




                                               15
                                 _________________________
                                 Humes, P.J.



We concur:



_________________________
Dondero, J.



_________________________
Banke, J.




                            16
Filed 6/14/17



            Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Division One - No. A149861

                                          S241595

           IN THE SUPREME COURT OF CALIFORNIA
                                         En Banc
________________________________________________________________________

                      GRIST CREEK AGGREGATES LLC, Petitioner,

                                             v.

                SUPERIOR COURT OF MENDOCINO COUNTY, Respondent;

  MENDOCINO COUNTY AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT et al., Real
                             Parties in Interest.
________________________________________________________________________

       As recommended by the Court of Appeal pursuant to California Rules of Court,
rules 8.1120, subds. (b)(1) and (c), the Reporter of Decisions is directed to publish the
opinion in the above-entitled matter in the Official Reports.




                                                  ______________________________
                                                        Chief Justice




                                             17
