                                    SLIP OP. 09-11

             UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
_____________________________________
                                         :
GPX INTERNATIONAL TIRE                   :
CORPORATION and HEBEI                    :
STARBRIGHT TIRE CO., LTD.,               :
                                         :
                  Plaintiffs,            :
            v.                           : Before: Jane A. Restani, Chief Judge
                                         :
UNITED STATES,                           : Consol. Court No. 08-00285
                                         :
                  Defendant,             :
                                         :
            and                          :
                                         :
BRIDGESTONE AMERICAS, INC.,              :
BRIDGESTONE AMERICAS TIRE                :
OPERATIONS, LLC, TITAN TIRE              :
CORPORATION, and UNITED STEEL,           :
PAPER AND FORESTRY, RUBBER,              :
MANUFACTURING, ENERGY, ALLIED :
INDUSTRIAL AND SERVICE                   :
WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION,             :
AFL-CIO-CLC,                             :
                                         :
                  Defendant-Intervenors. :
_____________________________________:

                                           OPINION

[Proposed plaintiff-intervenor’s motion to intervene denied.]

                                                                      Dated: February 12, 2009

                Winston & Strawn, LLP (Daniel L. Porter and James P. Durling); Hinckley Allen
& Snyder LLP (Eric F. Eisenberg); Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP (John A. Jurata, Jr.) for
the plaintiffs.

                Winston & Strawn, LLP (Daniel L. Porter and James P. Durling) for the proposed
plaintiff-intervenor.

               Michael F. Hertz, Deputy Assistant Attorney General; Jeanne E. Davidson,
Director, Franklin E. White, Jr., Assistant Director, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil
Consol. Court No. 08-00285                                                                  Page 2


Division, U.S. Department of Justice (John J. Todor and Loren M. Preheim); Irene H. Chen and
Matthew D. Walden, Office of the Chief Counsel for Import Administration, U.S. Department of
Commerce, of counsel, for the defendant.

               King & Spalding, LLP (Joseph W. Dorn, Christopher T. Cloutier, Daniel L.
Schneiderman, J. Michael Taylor, and Kevin M. Dinan); Stewart and Stewart (Geert M. De
Prest, Elizabeth A. Argenti, Elizabeth J. Drake, Eric P. Salonen, Terence P. Stewart, Wesley K.
Caine, and William A. Fennell) for the defendant-intervenors.

               Restani, Chief Judge: This matter is before the court on the Ministry of

Commerce, People’s Republic of China’s (“Government of China”) motion to intervene in GPX

International Tire Corp. v. United States, Consol. Court No. 08-00285, pursuant to USCIT Rule

24 and 28 U.S.C. § 2631(j)(1)(B) (2006). Plaintiffs GPX International Tire Corporation

(“GPX”) and Hebei Starbright Tire Co., Ltd. (“Starbright”) seek judicial review of the

Department of Commerce’s (“Commerce”) determinations imposing both antidumping (“AD”)

and countervailing (“CVD”) duties on certain pneumatic off-the-road (“OTR”) tires from the

People’s Republic of China. See Certain New Pneumatic Off-the-Road Tires From the People’s

Republic of China: Notice of Amended Final Affirmative Determination of Sales at Less Than

Fair Value and Antidumping Duty Order, 73 Fed. Reg. 51,624 (Dep’t Commerce Sept. 4, 2008);

Certain New Pneumatic Off-the-Road Tires From the People’s Republic of China: Final

Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination and Final Negative Determination of Critical

Circumstances, 73 Fed. Reg. 40,480 (Dep’t Commerce July 15, 2008). The Government of

China’s current motion arises out of plaintiffs’ apparent inability to continue to pursue

vigorously judicial review of these determinations due to financial constraints. Because the

Government of China has not demonstrated good cause for the untimely filing of its motion to

intervene, the court denies the motion.
Consol. Court No. 08-00285                                                                 Page 3


               On September 9, 2008, plaintiffs filed complaints challenging Commerce’s AD

and CVD determinations, as well as a motion for a temporary restraining order and preliminary

injunction, alleging that collection of full AD and CVD deposits would cause irreparable harm.

The court denied plaintiffs’ motion on November 12, 2008 and denied plaintiffs’ motion for

reconsideration on December 30, 2008. The Government of China moved to intervene on

January 13, 2009.

               Pursuant to USCIT Rule 24(a), motions to intervene must be filed within thirty

days of service of the complaint. USCIT R. 24(a). A court may permit late intervention only for

good cause, upon a showing of “(1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect; or

(2) under circumstances in which by due diligence a motion to intervene . . . could not have been

made within the 30-day period.” Id. In determining what type of neglect would be deemed

excusable, this court considers “all relevant circumstances surrounding the party’s omission,”

including “the danger of prejudice to the [non-movant], the length of the delay and its potential

impact on judicial proceedings, the reason for the delay, including whether it was within the

reasonable control of the movant, and whether the movant acted in good faith.” Siam Food

Prods. Pub. Co. v. United States, 24 F. Supp. 2d 276, 279 (CIT 1998) (internal quotation marks

and citation omitted); see also Pioneer Inv. Servs. Co. v. Brunswick Assocs. Ltd. P’ship, 507

U.S. 380, 395 (1993).

               The Government of China maintains that its untimely submission was caused by

“excusable neglect” because the need to intervene became apparent only when it learned that

plaintiffs no longer had the financial means to fully and adequately pursue their appeals of the

administrative decisions. (Mot. to Intervene by the Gov’t of the People’s Republic of China 2, 6
Consol. Court No. 08-00285                                                                     Page 4

(“Gov’t of China Mot.”); see also Barringer Aff. ¶ 8 (“It was [the Government of China’s]

understanding that GPX and Starbright would be able to continue participating in the court

appeals, provided that the Court granted the preliminary injunction sought by GPX and

Starbright.”).) The Government of China further contends that the approval process to file a

motion to intervene on its behalf is complex and time consuming and that a decision was made to

wait until a final resolution in the preliminary injunction proceedings before seeking

authorization to intervene. (Gov’t of China Mot. 5.)

               The Government of China also alleges that granting the motion would not

prejudice the other parties, as it intends to address only those issues already set forth in

plaintiffs’ amended complaints. (Id.) Commerce, however, contends that it would be prejudiced

because it would have to “devote additional resources and analyze different portions of the

record at this late stage to respond to China’s brief.” (Def.’s Opp’n to Mot. to Intervene by the

Gov’t of the People’s Republic of China 7.) Commerce alleges this delay is particularly

prejudicial because GPX filed a motion for leave to amend its complaint prior to the Government

of China’s motion to intervene in order to raise issues that would be subsequently argued by the

Government of China once they intervened. (Id. at 8.)1

               It is likely some prejudice would result from granting the movant’s request to

intervene, but underlying merits litigation did not proceed while litigation on plaintiffs’ motion

for a preliminary injunction was ongoing, and a briefing schedule has only recently been issued.

The court is more troubled by the Government of China’s conscious decision to delay

intervention pending the outcome of the preliminary injunction and in particular, its belief that
       1
          The motion to amend will be granted, but it is unclear whether GPX on its own will
litigate any new issues.
Consol. Court No. 08-00285                                                                   Page 5


plaintiffs could continue to maintain their appeals if the preliminary injunction were granted. A

preliminary injunction is an extraordinary remedy, and preliminary relief from deposit

requirements is granted only in the rarest of circumstances. See Queen’s Flowers de Colombia

v. United States, 947 F. Supp. 503, 506 (CIT 1996). The Government of China was aware of

plaintiffs’ heavy burden at the preliminary injunction phase and assumed the risk that the court

would deny the injunction. Further, the Government of China’s argument concerning the slow

bureaucratic process for intervention approval is belied by its ability to file a motion to intervene

approximately fifteen days after it allegedly became aware of its need to intervene in the appeals,

i.e., the date when plaintiffs’ motion for reconsideration of the preliminary injunction was

denied.

               As we noted in Siam Food, allowing such a broad excuse would enable almost

any party to delay intervention upon a similar showing, thus rendering “the actual time limit [of

Rule 24] superfluous.” Siam Food, 24 F. Supp. 2d at 281. “The court is not convinced that the

circumstances that gave rise to this motion were genuinely outside the reasonable control” of the

Government of China. Home Prods. Int’l, Inc. v. United States, 521 F. Supp. 2d 1382, 1385

(CIT 2007). The Government of China had notice of the substantive issues raised by the appeals

and could have moved to intervene. Instead, it delayed its decision on its involvement, awaiting

a favorable determination on a motion for preliminary injunction. There is no “excusable

neglect” present, but rather “a conscious decision not to intervene timely.” Siam Food, 24

F. Supp. 2d at 280. Given the additional complications adding another party would cause and

given the lack of a reasonable excuse for the untimely motion, the motion will be denied.
Consol. Court No. 08-00285                                                              Page 6


              For the foregoing reasons, the court finds that the Government of China failed to

establish good cause for its untimely submission of this motion. Accordingly, the motion is

denied.


                                                        /s/ Jane A. Restani
                                                            Jane A. Restani
                                                            Chief Judge


Dated: This 12th day of February, 2009.
       New York, New York.
