                                                                          FILED
                                                               United States Court of Appeals
                                                                       Tenth Circuit

                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                    July 14, 2008
                                                                   Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                            FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT                      Clerk of Court



    SUZETTE L. MANN,

                Plaintiff-Appellant,
                                                          No. 08-5003
    v.                                           (D.C. No. 4:06-CV-00335-SAJ)
                                                          (N.D. Okla.)
    MICHAEL J. ASTRUE,
    Commissioner of Social Security
    Administration,

                Defendant-Appellee.


                             ORDER AND JUDGMENT *


Before MURPHY, Circuit Judge, BRORBY, Senior Circuit Judge, and
TYMKOVICH, Circuit Judge.


         Suzette L. Mann appeals from a district court order that affirmed the

Commissioner’s denial of disability insurance benefits (DIB) and supplemental

security income (SSI). She argues that the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ)




*
       After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral
argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding
precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and
collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent
with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
assigned to her case erred in (1) determining her residual functional capacity

(RFC) and (2) discounting her credibility. We affirm.

                                  B ACKGROUND

        Mann has worked in the fast-food and aircraft-assembly industries. She

claims that she can no longer work because of pain from a fractured right ankle

that Dr. Karl Sauer surgically repaired in February 2001. Several weeks after that

surgery, Dr. Sauer noted that “[t]he hardware [was] in [an] acceptable position,”

but that one of the “three Kirschner wires” used to immobilize the fracture was

“protrud[ing] through the posterior cortex” and “could be causing [Mann] some of

the intermittent discomfort that she has.” Aplt. App. at 107, 122. Four months

after the surgery, in June 2001, Dr. Sauer found that there was “no instability

involving the right ankle” and that the fractures were “in good position,” with

“good healing.” Id. at 121. He also noted that Mann was “having no problems.”

Id.

        Dr. Donald Riley saw Mann in January 2002 for right ankle pain, and

considered having her “evaluat[ed] for possible hardware removal.” Id. at 124.

Additionally, he diagnosed her with “probable osteoarthritis of the right ankle”

and prescribed an anti-inflammatory drug. Id. Dr. Riley next saw Mann in April

2002, when he refilled her prescription and recommended that she see an

orthopedic specialist for her ankle. Mann quit working two months later, in June

2002.

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      In February 2003, Mann went to the emergency room, complaining of ankle

pain. X-rays revealed that one of the Kirschner wires was “loose.” Id. at 129.

The attending physician, Dr. Tony Hill, diagnosed Mann with right ankle pain,

but he questioned the significance of the loose wire. Id. at 130. He prescribed

Mann an anti-inflammatory drug and a pain reliever, and he recommended that

she see an orthopedic specialist.

      Mann did not seek further medical treatment. Instead, she sought DIB and

SSI in December 2003. Dr. Angelo Dalessandro, a consultative physician,

examined Mann and noted that she walked with a slight limp and used a cane, but

had a “normal gait to speed, stability, and safety” and could “ambulate without

[her] cane.” Id. at 136. Two agency consultants reviewed Mann’s records and

concluded that she had the RFC to occasionally lift and carry ten pounds,

frequently lift and carry five to ten pounds, stand and walk two hours in a work

day, and sit for six hours in a work day.

      At her disability hearing in August 2005, Mann testified that she has not

sought medical treatment since her February 2003 emergency-room visit because

she cannot afford it. As for her limitations, she testified that she uses a cane, can

stand for only two minutes, and cannot “walk very far” before having to sit and

“prop [her ankle] up.” Id. at 181. When her pain becomes “really” bad she takes

Ibuprofen. Id. at 185. But her testimony is not clear as to the extent it relieves

her pain.

                                            -3-
       A vocational expert (VE) testified that if Mann’s testimony were to be

believed, Mann could not perform her past work or any other work in the national

economy. But in response to a hypothetical posed by the ALJ, the VE identified

work in the national economy, such as a check cashier, that could be performed

by a claimant who possesses the same RFC identified by the agency consultants

and who also suffers from “mild to moderate to occasional chronic pain,” id. at

188, uses a cane, and needs to “shift her weight” while standing or sitting, id. at

189.

       In his written decision, the ALJ adopted the consultants’ RFC

determinations and added the other limitations from the hypothetical he posed to

the VE. The ALJ then concluded at step five of the familiar five-step sequential

evaluation process that Mann was not disabled, as there were jobs in the national

economy that she could perform. See Hackett v. Barnhart, 395 F.3d 1168, 1171

(10th Cir. 2005) (noting that when a disability claimant shows that her limitations

preclude past work, the burden shifts to the Commissioner at step five “to show

that the claimant retains sufficient RFC to perform work in the national economy,

given her age, education, and work experience”). In doing so, the ALJ found

Mann’s testimony about her pain not entirely credible.

       After the Appeals Council denied Mann’s request for review, she sought

relief from the federal district court. Unsuccessful, she now appeals.




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                                   D ISCUSSION

                              I. Standard of Review

      Because the Appeals Council denied review, the ALJ’s decision is the

Commissioner’s final decision for purposes of this appeal. See Doyal v.

Barnhart, 331 F.3d 758, 759 (10th Cir. 2003). In reviewing the ALJ’s decision,

“we neither reweigh the evidence nor substitute our judgment for that of the

agency.” Casias v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 933 F.2d 799, 800 (10th Cir.

1991). Instead, we review the ALJ’s decision only “to determine whether the

factual findings are supported by substantial evidence in the record and whether

the correct legal standards were applied.” Doyal, 331 F.3d at 760.

                                      II. RFC

      Mann argues that the ALJ erred in formulating her RFC because he

ignored “[t]he findings of Mann’s treating physicians, including the instruction[s]

to see an orthopedic specialist and [the] finding of loose surgical hardware.”

Aplt. Br. at 10-11. She relies on the well-settled rule that the ALJ “may reject a

treating physician’s opinion outright only on the basis of contradictory medical

evidence and not due to his or her own credibility judgments, speculation or lay

opinion.” McGoffin v. Barnhart, 288 F.3d 1248, 1252 (10th Cir. 2002) (quotation

and italics omitted). But the ALJ did not reject any treating physician’s opinion.

Indeed, none of Mann’s treating physicians offered any opinion about her




                                        -5-
functional limitations. And we cannot fault the ALJ for failing to divine some

limitation from Dr. Riley and Dr. Hill’s instructions that Mann see a specialist.

As for the surgical hardware, its relevance is unclear. Dr. Sauer noted that a

Kirschner wire was “protrud[ing].” Aplt. App. at 122. But he surmised that it

was causing only “intermittent discomfort,” id., and he did not mention it all in

his final progress note, indicating instead that Mann was “having no problems,”

id. at 121. Dr. Hill found that a Kirschner wire was “loose,” but he questioned its

medical significance. Id. at 130. And while Dr. Riley suggested that Mann be

evaluated to determine whether the “hardware” should be removed, id. at 124, he

did not offer an opinion as to how it was affecting Mann.

      We conclude that the ALJ’s RFC determination is not at odds with the

opinions of Mann’s treating physicians.

                                   III. Credibility

      Mann argues that the ALJ improperly discredited her subjective complaints

of disabling pain. We disagree.

      “Credibility determinations are peculiarly the province of the finder of fact,

and we will not upset such determinations when supported by substantial

evidence.” Hackett, 395 F.3d at 1173 (quotation omitted). In assessing the

credibility of pain testimony, various factors are relevant, including:

      the levels of medication and their effectiveness, the extensiveness of
      the attempts (medical or nonmedical) to obtain relief, the frequency
      of medical contacts, the nature of daily activities, subjective

                                          -6-
      measures of credibility that are peculiarly within the judgment of the
      ALJ, the motivation of and relationship between the claimant and
      other witnesses, and the consistency or compatibility of nonmedical
      testimony with objective medical evidence.

Branum v. Barnhart, 385 F.3d 1268, 1273-74 (10th Cir. 2004) (quotation

omitted).

      In finding Mann’s allegations of disabling pain not entirely credible, the

ALJ relied on three points. First, he stated that Mann’s “ankle fracture ha[d]

properly healed.” Aplt. App. at 19. Dr. Sauer said roughly as much in his final

medical entry, noting that the fractures were properly positioned and exhibited

good healing. Second, the ALJ referenced Dr. Dalessandro’s observation that

Mann walked normally, albeit with a slight limp, and could ambulate without her

cane. None of Mann’s other physicians suggested any contrary opinions. And

third, the ALJ commented that Mann “has had no treatment of the ankle [for

nearly two-and-a-half years]” and that if her pain “were as intense as she testified,

she would secure more” than over-the-counter pain relievers. Id. Insubstantial or

infrequent attempts to obtain relief from a painful condition are inconsistent with

allegations of disabling pain. See Branum, 385 F.3d at 1274. While Mann claims

that her poverty prevents her from seeking further medical care or prescription

pain medication, she has provided no evidence that she “sought to obtain any low-

cost medical treatment from her doctor or from clinics and hospitals” or that she

has “been denied medical care because of her financial condition.” Murphy v.


                                         -7-
Sullivan, 953 F.2d 383, 386-87 (8th Cir. 1992); cf. Threet v. Barnhart, 353 F.3d

1185, 1191 n.7 (10th Cir. 2003) (indicating “that inability to pay may provide a

justification for [the] claimant’s failure to seek treatment” when there is evidence

that the claimant sought and was refused treatment). Nor does she dispute the

ALJ’s assertion that prescription pain relievers are “often available at free health

clinics.” Aplt. App. at 19.

      We conclude that the ALJ’s decision to discredit Mann’s pain testimony is

supported by substantial evidence.

                                     C ONCLUSION

      The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.

                                                     Entered for the Court


                                                     Wade Brorby
                                                     Senior Circuit Judge




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