No. 13-0875 - Sheena H. for Russell H., deceased, on behalf of the minor child, L.H.
             v. West Virginia Office of the Insurance Commissioner and Amfire, LLC

                                                                           FILED
                                                                         April 10, 2015

                                                                      RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK

                                                                    SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

                                                                        OF WEST VIRGINIA

LOUGHRY, Justice, concurring:

              I concur with the majority’s decision because it is patently unfair and unjust

to deny dependent’s benefits to this six-year-old claimant solely because of the failure of the

State Medical Examiner’s Office to produce an autopsy report in a timely manner. I write

separately to emphasize that the majority’s decision should not be read as sanctioning the

application of the discovery rule in every workers’ compensation injury or dependent’s

benefits case. Our decision today is extremely limited and extends only to the unique

situation in which the State Medical Examiner’s Office does not issue an autopsy report until

more than six months after the date of death and, absent that report, there is no other

evidence indicating that a work-related injury contributed in a material degree to the

decedent’s death. While other members of this Court may wish to engraft the discovery rule

onto the limitation periods for other injury or dependent’s benefits claims, such a decision

would be unwise and contrary to the purpose of our workers’ compensation system.



                It is well-established that “[t]he West Virginia Workers’ Compensation

system exists to the benefit of both employers and employees, freeing employers from

lawsuits for simple negligence while ensuring employees compensation for their work-related

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injuries.” Repass v. Workers’ Compensation Division and USX, 212 W.Va. 86, 92, 569

S.E.2d 162, 168 (2002). As this Court has explained,

                      [t]he Act is designed to compensate injured workers as
              speedily and expeditiously as possible in order that injured
              workers and those who depend upon them for support shall not
              be left destitute during a period of disability. The benefits of
              this system accrue both to the employer, who is relieved from
              common-law tort liability for negligently inflicted injuries, and
              to the employee, who is assured prompt payment of benefits.

Meadows v. Lewis, 172 W.Va. 457, 469, 307 S.E.2d 625, 638 (1983). To that end, the

Legislature has imposed time limitations upon the filing of applications for benefits under

the Act. Such limitations promote prompt investigation and treatment of injuries benefitting

the employer and employee alike. It is obvious that by imposing the requirement that an

application for benefits be filed within six months of an injury or death, the Legislature

contemplated that the injured employee or the family of a deceased employee would be

cognizant that the injury or death was work-related. However, as this case illustrates, there

are rare instances where that may not be true.



              While Mr. Hunt’s family was certainly aware that he had suffered a work-

related injury on March 24, 2009, they had no basis to conclude that the injury was the cause

of his death twenty-one months later. In that regard, the record reflects that while Mr. Hunt

was transported to the emergency room for treatment of his injury on March 24, 2009, he was

not hospitalized, and he returned to work just a couple of days later. Given the fact that Mr.


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Hunt never sought any further medical treatment for his work-related head injury, his death

on December 7, 2010, at the age of twenty-four was undoubtedly unexpected. The State

Medical Examiner’s Office performed an autopsy the day after Mr. Hunt died.

Unfortunately, for reasons that are not set forth in the record, the State Medical Examiner’s

autopsy report was not made available to the family until eight months later.1 Until that

autopsy report was issued, the decedent’s family had no documentation or other evidence

indicating that the decedent’s work-related injury directly caused, or at least was a material

factor, in his death.2 Accordingly, the family had no basis to file a claim for dependent’s




       1
         I am troubled by the fact that the State Medical Examiner’s Office took eight months
to issue the autopsy report. Had such a report been timely issued, this case would not exist.
West Virginia Code § 61-12-8 (2014) requires the State Medical Examiner to establish the
cause of death when a person, like Mr. Hunt, dies “suddenly when in apparent good health.”
Id. Further, West Virginia Code § 61-12-10(c) (2014) provides that “[t]he office of the chief
medical examiner shall keep full, complete and properly indexed records of all deaths
investigated, containing all relevant information concerning the death and the autopsy report
if an autopsy report is made.” More importantly, West Virginia Code § 61-12-10(d) requires
that “[c]opies of these records or information shall be furnished, upon request to any court
of law, or to the parties therein to whom the cause of death is a material issue[.]”
Notwithstanding the reason why the autopsy report was needed in this instance, it is simply
inexcusable to make a family wait months and months to find out the cause of their loved
one’s unexpected death.
       2
        As noted by the majority, the autopsy report states that the family had witnessed Mr.
Hunt experiencing seizure activity in his sleep. The veracity and significance of that
statement was not an issue below because the claim was simply rejected as being time-barred.
This issue will undoubtedly be the subject of litigation upon remand of this case.
Nonetheless, the record submitted to this Court indicates that there was no medical evidence
indicating that Mr. Hunt’s death was caused by his work-related injury until the autopsy
report was issued by the State Medical Examiner’s Office.

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benefits pursuant to West Virginia Code § 23-4-15 (2010) within the six-month statutory

time limitation.



              Given these unique circumstances, applying the six-month time limitation of

West Virginia Code § 23-4-15(a) to reject the claim for dependent’s benefits would elevate

form over substance. This Court has long recognized that “‘[t]he Workmen’s Compensation

Law is remedial in its nature, and must be given a liberal construction to accomplish the

purpose intended.’ Syl. pt. 3, McVey v. Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co., 103 W.Va.

519, 138 S.E. 97 (1927) (citation omitted).” Syl. Pt. 1, Plummer v. Workers’ Comp. Div.,

209 W.Va. 710, 551 S.E.2d 46 (2001). Barring the application for dependent’s benefits as

untimely would be a particularly harsh outcome in this case because the State Medical

Examiner’s Office effectively prevented Mr. Hunt’s family from knowing the cause of his

death until after the six-month time limitation expired. Regardless of how diligently the

family investigated the cause of death, the State Medical Examiner’s withholding of the

autopsy report for eight months foreclosed any possibility of a timely filing of the application

for dependent’s benefits. Blindly enforcing the statutory time limitation under these

circumstances would simply be wrong.



              I do not believe that the Legislature conceived of this factual scenario when it

statutorily imposed a six-month time limitation for filing dependent’s benefits claims. The


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Legislature did, however, recognize that such a limitation should not apply with regard to

occupational pneumoconiosis and occupational diseases because a worker might not know

that exposure to a hazardous condition at work was causing him or her to contract such a

medical condition. Therefore, instead of imposing a finite time limitation for filing a

workers’ compensation claim for these conditions, West Virginia Code § § 23-4-15(b) and

23-4-15(c) allows these types of claims to be filed within three years after the worker is made

aware of the condition by a physician.3 Consequently, I do not believe that carving out a very

narrow exception for the filing of a dependent’s benefits claim beyond the six-month time

limitation in situations like the case at bar is contrary to the legislative intent. While statutes


       3
           West Virginia Code § 23-4-15 provides, in pertinent part:

                        (b) To entitle any employee to compensation for
                 occupational pneumoconiosis under the provisions of this
                 subsection, the application for compensation shall be made . . .
                 within three years from and after the last day of the last
                 continuous period of sixty days or more during which the
                 employee was exposed to the hazards of occupational
                 pneumoconiosis or within three years from and after a diagnosed
                 impairment due to occupational pneumoconiosis was made
                 known to the employee by a physician[.]

                         (c) To entitle any employee to compensation for
                 occupational disease other than occupational pneumoconiosis
                 under the provisions of this section, the application for
                 compensation shall be made . . . within three years from and
                 after the day on which the employee was last exposed to the
                 particular occupational hazard involved or within three years
                 from and after the employee's occupational disease was made
                 known to him or her by a physician or which he or she should
                 reasonably have known, whichever last occurs[.]

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of limitation are designed to prevent injured parties from sleeping on their rights and to

promote diligence in the bringing of claims in a timely fashion, enforcing the six-month time

limitation in this unusual circumstance would not only be an absurd result but would also

unfairly punish the decedent’s family for a situation that was beyond their control.



               To be clear, I must again reiterate that the majority’s decision today does not

represent a carte blanche application of the discovery rule to all workers’ compensation

claims. Instead, this decision is limited to the unique circumstances of this case where the

failure of the State Medical Examiner to provide an autopsy report within the time period for

filling an application for dependent’s benefits resulted in the loss of the claimant’s right to

seek compensation.



               For the reasons set forth above, I concur with the majority’s decision in this

case.




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