                                                                                       05/12/2020
       IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                        AT NASHVILLE
                          Assigned on Briefs April 15, 2020

     STATE OF TENNESSEE v. BRYAN JAMES NICHOLAS MILAM

               Appeal from the Circuit Court for Lawrence County
 Nos. 31081, 31082, 31083, 31150, 31151, 31152, 31153, 31154, 31155, 31260, 31605,
                            34071, 34072, 34191, 34192
                             Stella L. Hargrove, Judge


                           No. M2019-00656-CCA-R3-CD
                          _____________________________

The Defendant, Bryan James Nicholas Milam, pleaded guilty to multiple offenses over
the course of three years, and in each case the trial court sentenced him to alternative
sentences, including Community Corrections. Following multiple violations of the terms
of his release, the trial court revoked the Defendant’s Community Corrections sentence
and ordered him to serve the remainder of his total effective fifteen-year sentence. On
appeal, the Defendant contends that the trial court abused its discretion when it revoked
his Community Corrections sentence and ordered him to serve the remainder of his
sentence in confinement. After review, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

  Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which JOHN EVERETT
WILLIAMS, P.J., and ALAN E. GLENN, J., joined.

R.H. Stovall, Jr., Pulaski, Tennessee (at hearing) and Jennifer Fiola, Columbia,
Tennessee (on appeal), for the appellant, Bryan James Nicholas Milam.

Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Sophia S. Lee, Senior Assistant
Attorney General; Brent A. Cooper, District Attorney General; and Gary M. Howell,
Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                       OPINION

                               I. Facts and Background
       This case arises from the Defendant’s underlying 2016 convictions for multiple
counts of theft and burglary, as well as aggravated assault. For those convictions, the
Defendant pleaded guilty in 2016 and received a total effective sentence of twelve years,
suspended to probation after service of six months of confinement. Later in 2016,
following the Defendant’s release from service of his six-month sentence, a trial court
issued a probation violation warrant based on the Defendant committing new offenses. In
July 2016, after a hearing, the trial court revoked the Defendant’s probation, ordering him
to serve two years of confinement and then be returned to probation.

        In 2017, following his release from his second term of confinement, the Defendant
violated his probation a second time by committing new offenses, which resulted in him
pleading guilty to domestic assault, possession of a Schedule IV controlled substance
with intent to sell, burglary of a building, and burglary of an automobile. For these
offenses, the trial court imposed a three-year sentence to be served consecutively to the
Defendant’s prior twelve-year sentence. Later in 2017, following the partial service of
his prison term, the Defendant was transferred to Community Corrections. In 2018, the
trial court issued a third violation warrant, and, after a hearing, the trial court revoked the
Defendant’s Community Corrections sentence and ordered him to serve one year of
confinement and then be returned to Community Corrections.

        Following his release, in 2019, the trial court issued a warrant for the Defendant’s
arrest after he violated his Community Corrections sentence, based on a positive drug test
and an arrest. It is this warrant that is the subject of this appeal. The trial court held a
revocation hearing on April 3, 2019, at which the following evidence was presented:
Jason Jantke, an officer employed by the Lawrenceburg Police Department, testified that,
on January 17, 2019, he conducted a traffic stop of a vehicle that had broken “tag lights.”
The Defendant was a passenger in the vehicle; the driver was Sterling Davis. During
Officer Jantke’s conversation with the vehicle’s occupants, Officer Jantke detected the
odor of marijuana coming from the vehicle. He asked Mr. Davis to exit the vehicle, and
Mr. Davis stated that there was no marijuana inside. Officer Jantke told Mr. Davis he
was going to search the vehicle based on probable cause; he asked the Defendant to exit
the vehicle.

      During his search of the vehicle, Officer Jantke found five syringes, a metal spoon
with burn marks, a digital scale, and numerous plastic baggies. He found one plastic
baggie containing what was later determined to be 1.5 grams of crystal
methamphetamine. Offier Jantke detained both men and informed the men of their
Miranda rights. The Defendant told Officer Jantke that the aforementioned items
belonged to him.

       Stephanie DeMay testified that she worked as the Justice Services Director at the
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South Central Human Resource Agency and that as part of her work she occasionally
audited the Community Corrections program. She obtained the Defendant’s records and
testified that the records indicated that the Defendant had tested positive for
amphetamines and THC on January 15, 2019. The trial court admitted the toxicology
report as an exhibit.

       On cross-examination, Ms. DeMay testified that the Defendant’s records indicated
that he had participated in two rehabilitation programs in the past, neither of which he
successfully completed. The records also indicated that he had failed multiple drug tests
by testing positive for methamphetamines. She stated that the Defendant had passed two
drug tests and appeared to be making an effort to stay clean. She testified that he had
reported on time to his supervisor on multiple dates and had only missed reporting one
time.

       The State clarified that the Defendant had received two Community Corrections
violations: one for a failed drug screen on January 15, 2019, and one for his arrest on
January 17, 2019, for possession of drug paraphernalia and possession of
methamphetamine.

       The Defendant testified that he was twenty-five years old and that he had
committed the offenses for which he was on Community Corrections in 2012, when he
was eighteen years old. He received a fifteen-year sentence for those convictions. He
agreed that he began service of his sentence on probation and was moved to the
Community Corrections program after he violated his probation once. He testified that
his current violation was his third.

        The Defendant stated that he had been asked to leave two rehabilitation programs
before completing them, the first for having a cell phone and the second for leaving the
facility to buy tobacco. He agreed that the methamphetamine found in Mr. Davis’s car
belonged to him and was for his personal use. The Defendant stated that, if released, he
would go to a rehabilitation facility in Mobile, Alabama called Mission of Hope where
there was “a bed” for him.

        He stated that his hometown, Lawrenceburg, was “ate up with meth” and that
everyone he knew was either using or selling methamphetamine. He stated that he had
“dabbled” with drugs while on probation. The Defendant agreed that he had been
admitted to the rehabilitation program in Mobile once before in 2018 and had stayed
forty-five days before getting kicked out.

      At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court summarized the Defendant’s
criminal history, including his history on probation and the number of violations. Based
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on this history and repeated failed opportunities with probation and rehabilitation, the
trial court revoked the Defendant’s Community Corrections sentence and ordered him to
serve the remainder of his sentence in confinement. It is from this judgment that the
Defendant now appeals.

                                        II. Analysis

        On appeal, the Defendant contends that the trial court abused its discretion when it
revoked his Community Corrections sentence because the Defendant’s record indicates a
severe methamphetamine addiction that needs to be addressed. The State responds that
the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it revoked the Defendant’s Community
Corrections sentence. We agree with the State.

        The decision to revoke a community corrections sentence rests within the sound
discretion of the trial court. State v. Harkins, 811 S.W.2d 79, 82-83 (Tenn. 1991)
(applying the probation revocation procedures and principles contained in Tennessee
Code Annotated section 40-35-311 to the revocation of a community corrections
placement based upon “the similar nature of a community corrections sentence and a
sentence of probation”); see also State v. Pollard, 432 S.W.3d 851, 864 (Tenn. 2013)
(holding that an abuse of discretion standard with a presumption of reasonableness
applies to all sentencing decisions). To establish an abuse of discretion, the defendant
must show that there is no substantial evidence in the record to support the trial court’s
determination regarding the violation. State v. Shaffer, 45 S.W.3d 553, 554 (Tenn. 2000)
(citing Harkins, 811 S.W.2d at 82). A violation of probation or community corrections
need only be proven by a preponderance of the evidence. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-
311(e)(1) (2019); see also Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-36-106(e)(3)(B) (2019). If the evidence
is sufficient to show a violation of the terms of supervision, the trial court may, within its
discretionary authority, revoke the community corrections sentence and require the
defendant to serve his sentence in confinement “less any time actually served in any
community-based alternative to incarceration.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-36-106(e)(4)
(2019).

       There was overwhelming evidence presented during the revocation hearing to
prove that the Defendant violated the conditions of his Community Corrections sentence.
The Defendant tested positive for numerous drugs numerous times and was arrested for
possession of crystal methamphetamine. The Defendant has been given alternative
sentences and has been admitted to a rehabilitation facility numerous times. By his own
admission, the Defendant has been unable to comply with multiple opportunities to
complete an alternative sentence. The trial court did not abuse its discretion by revoking
Defendant’s Community Corrections sentence and ordering him to serve the remainder of
his sentence in confinement. The Defendant is not entitled to relief.
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                                   III. Conclusion

       In accordance with the foregoing reasoning and authorities, we affirm the trial
court’s judgment.

                                              _________________________________
                                              ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, JUDGE




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