[Cite as In re E.G., 2014-Ohio-2007.]



                                        IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                            TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO

                                            BUTLER COUNTY




IN THE MATTER OF:                                  :

        E.G., JR.                                  :      CASE NO. CA2013-12-224

                                                   :              OPINION
                                                                   5/12/2014
                                                   :

                                                   :



              APPEAL FROM BUTLER COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                              JUVENILE DIVISION
                             Case No. JN2011-0403



Carol A. Garner-Stark, 9435 Waterstone Blvd., Suite 140, Cincinnati, Ohio 45249, guardian
ad litem

Amy R. Ashcraft, 240 East State Street, Trenton, Ohio 45067, for appellant, E.G.

Michael T. Gmoser, Butler County Prosecuting Attorney, Michael A. Oster, Jr., Government
Services Center, 315 High Street, 11th Floor, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, for appellee, Butler
County Children Services



        PIPER, J.

        {¶ 1} Appellant, the biological father of E. G., appeals a decision of the Butler County

Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, granting permanent custody of the child to a

children services agency.

        {¶ 2} The Children Services Division of the Butler County Department of Job and
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Family Services received a referral regarding E.G. in January 2011. The agency investigated

the complaint and determined that the child's mother was abusing drugs and engaging in

prostitution in the home. The agency began providing services for the family, including

working with the mother on her substance abuse issues. On September 9, 2011, the mother

contacted the agency asking if someone could pick up E.G. from the bus stop, indicating to

the agency that she was unable to care for the child. The agency contacted the father, who

stated that he was unable to pick up E.G., he was not sure when he would be home, and he

did not know of any other friends or relatives who could care for the child.

       {¶ 3} E.G. was taken into the agency's custody and a complaint alleging the child

was neglected and dependent was filed. The trial court found that the child was neglected

and dependent on February 6, 2012. The agency continued to work with the mother and

father. The mother engaged in some services initially, but eventually surrendered her

parental rights to the child. The father made little progress on the case plan adopted by the

court and the agency filed for permanent custody of the child on December 4, 2012.

       {¶ 4} After a hearing on the permanent custody motion, the magistrate determined

that permanent custody of the child should be granted to the agency. The father's objections

to the decision were overruled by the trial court.

       {¶ 5} The father now appeals the trial court's decision to grant permanent custody of

E.G. to the agency and raises two assignments of error for our review. Both assignments of

error allege that the trial court erred in granting permanent custody to the agency.

Specifically, father argues that the trial court erred in determining that permanent custody

was in E.G.'s best interest and that the decision is not supported by the evidence.

       {¶ 6} Before a natural parent's constitutionally protected liberty interest in the care

and custody of his child may be terminated, the state is required to prove by clear and

convincing evidence that the statutory standards for permanent custody have been met.
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Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 759, 102 S.Ct. 1388 (1982). An appellate court's review

of a juvenile court's decision granting permanent custody is limited to whether sufficient

credible evidence exists to support the juvenile court's determination. In re Starkey, 150

Ohio App.3d 612, 2002-Ohio-6892, ¶ 16 (7th Dist.). A reviewing court will reverse a finding

by the juvenile court that the evidence was clear and convincing only if there is a sufficient

conflict in the evidence presented. In re Rodgers (2000), 138 Ohio App.3d 510, 520 (12th

Dist.).

          {¶ 7} Pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(B)(1), a court may terminate parental rights and

award permanent custody to a children services agency if it makes findings pursuant to a

two-part test. First, the court must find that the grant of permanent custody to the agency is

in the best interest of the child, utilizing, in part, the factors of R.C. 2151.414(D). Second, the

court must find that any of the following apply: the child is abandoned; the child is orphaned;

the child has been in the temporary custody of the agency for at least 12 months of a

consecutive 22-month period; or where the preceding three factors do not apply, the child

cannot be placed with either parent within a reasonable time or should not be placed with

either parent. R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a), (b), (c) and (d); In re E.B., 12th Dist. Warren Nos.

CA2009-10-139, CA2009-11-146, 2010-Ohio-1122, ¶ 22.

          {¶ 8} The juvenile court found by clear and convincing evidence, and father does not

dispute, that E.G. has been in the temporary custody of the agency for more than 12 months

of a consecutive 22-month period. However, father does dispute the juvenile court's finding

that granting permanent custody of E.G. to the agency is in the child's best interest.

          {¶ 9} R.C. 2151.414(D)(1) provides that in considering the best interest of a child in a

permanent custody hearing:

               [T]he court shall consider all relevant factors, including, but not
               limited to the following:


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            (a) The interaction and interrelationship of the child with the child's
            parents, siblings, relatives, foster caregivers and out-of-home
            providers, and any other person who may significantly affect the
            child;

            (b) The wishes of the child, as expressed directly by the child
            or through the child's guardian ad litem, with due regard for the
            maturity of the child;

            (c) The custodial history of the child, including whether the child has
            been in the temporary custody of one or more public children
            services agencies or private child placing agencies for twelve or
            more months of a consecutive twenty-two month period * * *;

            (d) The child's need for a legally secure permanent placement and
            whether that type of placement can be achieved without a grant of
            permanent custody to the agency;

            (e) Whether any of the factors in divisions (E)(7) to (11) of this
            section apply in relation to the parents and child.”

       {¶ 10} At the hearing, the caseworker testified that the agency had been providing in-

home services to E.G. and his mother for about eight months prior to the child's removal from

the home. The caseworker indicated that there was "some success and some missteps"

during this time and that following residential drug treatment, the mother had relapsed

several times. On the day the agency took custody of E.G., the worker received a text

message from the mother asking her to pick up E.G. from the bus stop because the mother

stated she "was in trouble with my life." The worker called father, who indicated the mother

had called him about picking up the child, but he was unable to do so. In addition, father did

not know when he would be home, and could not provide any alternative options regarding

where the agency could take the child.

       {¶ 11} After E.G's removal, the agency investigated other possible placements for the

child. Father suggested a friend or neighbor he thought might help by taking custody of the

child, but the friend/neighbor did not answer despite several calls, and did not return agency

messages. Later in the case, father suggested the child could be placed with father's brother


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in Georgia. The agency requested a home study for possible placement, but as of the date

of the permanent custody hearing, the completed home study had not been received.

      {¶ 12} The caseworker testified that case plan services for father included completion

of a substance abuse assessment and to follow all recommendations. The case plan also

required father to complete random drug screens and to maintain safe and appropriate

housing. She stated that father completed the substance abuse assessment and treatment

was recommended. He was referred to the Community Behavioral Health for substance

abuse treatment, but was discharged after continued drug use. The drug and alcohol

therapist treating father at Community Behavioral Health testified at the hearing that father

was discharged from the program for testing positive on his drug tests. The drug and alcohol

therapist indicated that she recommended outpatient group therapy, but father told her he did

not have a problem and was not coming back.

      {¶ 13} Father was then referred to The Next Right Thing for substance abuse

treatment, but was eventually discharged from the center due to continued drug use. Drug

screens taken during father's treatment were positive for alcohol and cocaine and the

caseworker testified that father has not successfully completed this case plan requirement.

Residential treatment was recommended after father's second discharge from treatment, but

father has not completed this requirement. The caseworker testified that father was on a

waiting list for the residential treatment program, and when a spot was available, he was

contacted at four different numbers, but did not report for treatment.

      {¶ 14} The caseworker also testified that father completed the basic core parenting

program for the Development of Living Skills program, but the educators did not feel it would

be beneficial to do the extended curriculum due to father's continuing substance abuse

problems. The agency requested that father attend the Celebrating Families parenting

program, but father refused the program for several months, and when he finally agreed to
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go, the program was no longer available. The caseworker testified that father's home did not

have any safety hazards, but the agency had some concern because of problems with

people breaking into the home.

       {¶ 15} On removal, E.G. was placed in temporary care for one day. E.G. has autism

and is placed in a therapeutic foster home on the second day. He has remained in the same

therapeutic foster home since that time, and the caseworker indicated the child has made

considerable progress. According to the caseworker, on removal from his mother's home,

E.G. had "little to no speech," was aggressive in the home, constantly moving, throwing cars,

moving furniture and was "all over the place." The child now uses both verbal and nonverbal

communication and talks in sentences.         He has calmed down substantially and the

caseworker indicated E.G. doesn't run around or act aggressively or any of the other

behaviors she observed before removal.

       {¶ 16} A foster parent also testified at the hearing and indicated that the family has

adopted two children with autism and both parents have taken classes and training on

dealing with autism. The foster parent indicated that the child was scared and shy at first, but

is now more social and is bonded with the family and extended family. When he first arrived,

E.G. had anger issues and meltdowns, but his behavior has improved and the foster parent

works with the child every day in the areas that need improvement. The foster parent

indicated that E.G. goes to speech therapy and had just enrolled in a program for the

summer where he will work on social skills and other behaviors to help his transition into the

next school year. The foster parent indicated that the family would definitely like to adopt

E.G., and that if this happened, they would encourage him to see his biological family. The

foster parent stated that the family's two adopted sons still see their biological families.

       {¶ 17} The caseworker indicated that father has been consistent in visiting the child

throughout the case. Visits took place at the agency's visitation center except for a time
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where the agency tried unsupervised visits in father's home. The unsupervised visits were

discontinued after father's drug tests were positive and E.G. displayed behavior problems in

the car on the way to the visits. The foster parent indicated that when E.G. realized they

were on a certain road that would lead to his father's house, E.G. began acting crazy, crying

and screaming, and even threw a toy car, breaking the front windshield.

       {¶ 18} E.G.'s biological mother testified at the hearing that she has been pleased with

the improvement in E.G. while he has been in the foster home and she wants him to stay

there. She testified that she would be concerned if E.G. were placed with his father because

she questioned whether the therapy and attention that the foster parents were giving the child

would continue. The mother indicated that she took care of E.G. because father could not

control the child's behavior and was mean to him. The mother testified that father has always

used alcohol during the time of their relationship and that she believes he is a drug dealer.

       {¶ 19} Father testified at the hearing that he is paid in cash and "works for Jose" and

Jose works for another company. He stated that he does not have problems with alcohol and

could quit any time. He admitted that drug tests were positive for cocaine, but that he has

never used cocaine. He stated tests were positive because he has friends who use cocaine

and it "penetrates." Father admitted that he has never had custody of the child. He indicated

that he works from 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. and if he had custody of E.G., a friend would watch

the child if he was working. However, he admitted that he has not discussed this possibility

with the friend yet. Father stated that he would need to move to a larger home if he had

custody of the child and admitted that his home was broken into and computers, cameras

and $10,000 in cash were stolen. He stated that he does not drive, but would have friends

help transport E.G. to the services he requires for his special needs.

       {¶ 20} As mentioned above, on appeal, father argues that the trial court erred in

determining that permanent custody was in E.G.'s best interest and that the court's decision
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is not supported by the evidence. In its decision, the trial court addressed the statutory best

interest factors found in R.C. 2151.414(D).

       {¶ 21} With respect to R.C. 2151.414 (D)(1)(a), the juvenile court found that E.G.'s

mother was his primary caregiver and that father has never provided day-to-day care for the

child. The court also found that father maintained regular visitation with the child and that for

a short time he had unsupervised visits in his home, but due to changes in E.G.'s behavior

surrounding the visits and father's positive drug tests, visitation was moved back to the

agency. The court also found that the child has been in therapeutic foster care, with parents

trained to deal with the child's autism and special needs. The court found the children and

foster parents are all bonded with E.G., as is the extended family. Finally, the court indicated

that the foster parents would like to adopt E.G. and that they have expressed a willingness to

maintain contact with the child's biological family.

       {¶ 22} With respect to R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(b), the juvenile court indicated that the

guardian ad litem prepared a report and recommended that permanent custody of E.G. be

granted to the agency.

       {¶ 23} With respect to R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(c), the juvenile court found that E.G. has

been in the temporary custody of the agency since his removal on September 9, 2011. The

court found that the child has been in the agency's custody for more than twelve months of a

consecutive 22-month period before the permanent custody motion was filed.

       {¶ 24} In considering R.C. 2151.414 (D)(1)(d), the juvenile court found that E.G. is in

need of a legally secure placement. The court found that E.G. was four years old when he

was removed from his home, and on the first day of the permanent custody hearing was

almost six years old. The court reviewed the mother's failure to complete the case plan and

noted that she signed a permanent surrender of the child. The court reviewed father's failure

to complete the case plan requirements. The court noted father's failure to complete
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substance abuse treatment, and frequent drug-testing that was positive for cocaine and/or

alcohol. The court reviewed an assessment of father's progress which indicated father was

unsuccessful in two programs and continued to deny and minimize his substance abuse

problem. The court also found that father admitted his current residence was not appropriate

for the child and that he would have to find a larger and safer apartment.

         {¶ 25} The court also reviewed the case plan requirements for E.G. and found that the

foster parents have demonstrated a commitment to the child and have followed through on

all services that were recommended and the child has made progress in all areas. The court

concluded that neither the mother nor father were capable of providing a safe, stable and

drug-free environment for the child. With regard to father, the court found that he continues

to deny his substance abuse problems and demonstrated a lack of understanding about the

child's special needs due to E.G.'s autism. The court concluded it was not in the child's best

interest to be placed with either his mother or father, and that no other family member is

available to take custody of the child.

         {¶ 26} Based on consideration of the statutory factors, the trial court determined by

clear and convincing evidence that it was in E.G.'s best interest to grant permanent custody

to the agency. After careful review, we find the trial court's decision is supported by the

evidence. E.G.'s mother surrendered custody and was not an option for placement. There

was no evidence of family members or friends who were appropriate placements for the

child.

         {¶ 27} Further, the evidence supports the trial court's determination that E.G. cannot

be placed with his father. Father has never had custody of the child and has not established

that he can care for E.G.'s autism and special needs. Father failed to complete substance

abuse treatment twice, and according to his providers, continues to deny that he has a

substance abuse problem. He has not established that he is able to provide a safe home
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and to address the child's autism and special needs.

       {¶ 28} Accordingly, we find no error in the trial court's determination that it was in

E.G.'s best interest to grant permanent custody to the agency and we find that the trial court's

decision was supported by the evidence. Father's assignments of error are overruled.

       {¶ 29} Judgment affirmed.


       HENDRICKSON, P.J., and M. POWELL, J., concur.




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