[Cite as State v. Newkirk, 2019-Ohio-4342.]

                              IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

                                   TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT


State of Ohio,                                       :

                 Plaintiff-Appellant,                :                     No. 19AP-191
                                                                (C.P.C. Nos. 08CR-7453 and 03CR-1137)
v.                                                   :
                                                                    (REGULAR CALENDAR)
Charles L. Newkirk, Jr.,                             :

                 Defendant-Appellee.                 :



                                              D E C I S I O N

                                    Rendered on October 24, 2019


                 On brief: Ron O'Brien, Prosecuting Attorney, and
                 Michael P. Walton, for appellant. Argued: Michael P.
                 Walton.


                   APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas

KLATT, P.J.

        {¶ 1} Plaintiff-appellant, State of Ohio, appeals from the judgment of the Franklin
County Court of Common Pleas granting the R.C. 2953.32 application of defendant-
appellee, Charles L. Newkirk, Jr., to seal the record of his conviction in Franklin C.P. No.
03CR-1137 ("case No. 03CR-1137"). Because appellee filed his application prior to final
discharge, the trial court lacked jurisdiction to entertain appellee's application. Therefore,
we reverse.
        {¶ 2} On February 26, 2009, appellee entered a guilty plea to one count of
nonsupport of dependents in violation of R.C. 2919.21, a felony of the fifth degree, in case
No. 03CR-1137. On the same day, appellee entered a guilty plea to one count of theft in
violation of R.C. 2913.02, a misdemeanor of the first degree, in Franklin C.P. No. 08CR-
7453 ("case No. 08CR-7453"). On March 4, 2009, the trial court filed a judgment entry in
No. 19AP-191                                                                                            2

case No. 03CR-1137 placing appellee on community control for five years and ordering him
to pay his child support arrearage in the amount of $25,208.84 to the Franklin County
Child Support Enforcement Agency. Also, on March 4, 2009, the trial court filed a
judgment entry in case No. 08CR-7453 imposing a 180-day jail sentence, suspending that
sentence, placing appellee on community control for three years, and ordering him to pay
restitution to the victim in the amount of $869.
        {¶ 3} Pursuant to an entry filed January 6, 2012 in case No. 08CR-7453, the trial
court, noting that appellee had failed to comply with the condition of community control
that he pay restitution to the victim, extended the period of community control for one year
until January 26, 2013. On December 11, 2012, the trial court filed an entry in case No.
08CR-7453 discharging appellee from community control because "[d]efendant has now
fully complied with the terms of [community control]." (Dec. 11, 2012 Entry at 1.) On
February 25, 2014, the trial court filed an entry in case No. 03CR-1137 discharging appellee
from community control stating, "[d]efendant has complied with the terms of his
[community control]. (Feb. 25, 2014 Entry at 1.)
        {¶ 4} On November 1, 2018, appellee filed an application pursuant to R.C. 2953.32
to seal his conviction records in case No. 03CR-1137 and case No. 08CR-7453.1 On
December 12, 2018, appellant filed an objection to the application, arguing that appellee
was not eligible for the sealing of records pursuant to R.C. 2953.32(C)(1)(b), as there was a
pending criminal proceeding against appellee in Franklin M.C. No. 2009TRD-118920 on
which he owed a balance.2
        {¶ 5} On February 5, 2019, the trial court held a hearing on appellee's application
at which appellee appeared pro se. The trial court explained to appellee that he was
ineligible to have his conviction records sealed because he owed a balance on a traffic case
in the Franklin County Municipal Court. The trial court asked appellee if he wanted to




1 R.C. 2953.32(C)(3) permits an applicant to request the sealing of the records of more than one case in a
single application.

2 Pursuant to R.C. 2953.32(C)(1)(b), in determining whether an applicant is eligible to have his or her
record of conviction sealed, the trial court must "[d]etermine whether criminal proceedings are pending
against the applicant."
No. 19AP-191                                                                                     3

continue the case so that he could resolve the municipal court matter. Appellee agreed, and
the court continued the hearing to March 5, 2019.
          {¶ 6} Appellee again appeared pro se at the March 5, 2019 hearing. The trial court
noted that the hearing had been continued so that appellee could pay the balance owed in
his municipal court traffic case. The trial court stated, "you went and paid your fine and
costs"; appellee replied, "[y]es." (Mar. 5, 2019 Tr. 5-6). The court then asked appellee if he
had satisfied the child support arrearage in case No. 03CR-1137. Appellee estimated that
he had paid $23,000 toward the arrearage, but admitted that "I still have some arrearages."
Id. at 5. The trial court averred, "the issue that I have that I need to resolve legally is whether
you owe or have some arrearages for not paying child support. And I don't know whether
you do or not." Id. The trial court indicated that it would verify the status of any arrearage
with one of the prosecuting attorneys assigned to nonsupport cases, and then asserted,
"[y]ou may not have any and, thereby, I would grant your expungement request." Id. at 6.
Appellant reiterated that "I do have some arrearage left on the case." Id. Appellee inquired,
"[a]nd what are you saying, if I am current with my payments, then - -", to which the trial
court responded, "I don't have a problem with expunging your record, even though the
State is objecting to it." Id. at 7. Appellee stated, "Okay, right. Even though that I, you
know, that I still have some arrearage." Id. Following an off-the-record discussion with
"the prosecuting attorney3" which was never summarized for the record, the trial court
granted appellee's application "[o]ver the objection of the State of Ohio." Id. at 7-8.
          {¶ 7} On March 6, 2019, the trial court issued a judgment entry sealing the record
of appellee's convictions in case No. 03CR-1137 and case No. 08CR-7453. Appellant has
timely appealed to this court, assigning the following as trial court error:
                  The trial court erred in granting defendant's application to
                  seal the record.

          {¶ 8} An appellate court generally reviews a trial court's decision on an R.C.
2953.32 application to seal a record of conviction under an abuse of discretion standard.
State v. Paige, 10th Dist. No. 15AP-510, 2015-Ohio-4876, ¶ 5, citing State v. Black, 10th
Dist. No. 14AP-338, 2014-Ohio-4827, ¶ 6. An abuse of discretion connotes more than an
error of law or judgment; it implies that the court's attitude was "unreasonable, arbitrary

3   The record is unclear as to which "prosecuting attorney" the trial court referred.
No. 19AP-191                                                                                  4

or unconscionable." State v. Norfolk, 10th Dist. No. 04AP-614, 2005-Ohio-336, ¶ 4,
quoting Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983). Whether an applicant is an
eligible offender for purposes of sealing a criminal record is an issue of law that we review
de novo. Paige at ¶ 5. Similarly, whether an applicant has complied with the mandatory
waiting period prior to filing an application is a question we review de novo. In re
Application for the Sealing of Records of: A.R.H., 10th Dist. No. 18AP-554, 2019-Ohio-
1325, ¶ 14.
       {¶ 9} The sealing of a criminal record is an act of grace created by the state, and so
is a privilege, not a right. Black at ¶ 8; State v. Simon, 87 Ohio St.3d 531, 533 (2000). A
trial court may grant an application to seal a record of conviction only when all statutory
requirements for eligibility are met. State v. Martin, 10th Dist. No. 14AP-582, 2015-Ohio-
1557, ¶ 8, citing State v. Brewer, 10th Dist. No. 06AP-464, 2006-Ohio-6991, ¶ 5.
       {¶ 10} Pursuant to R.C. 2953.32(A)(1), "an eligible offender may apply to the
sentencing court * * * for the sealing of the record of the case that pertains to the
conviction." R.C. 2953.32(A)(1) further provides that where the offender was convicted of
one felony, "[a]pplication may be made at the expiration of three years after the offender's
final discharge." Black at ¶ 9, quoting R.C. 2953.32(A)(1). A court may grant an application
to seal a criminal record only to an "eligible offender." Id. If an applicant is not an eligible
offender, a trial court lacks jurisdiction to grant the application. State v. Dominy, 10th Dist.
No. 13AP-124, 2013-Ohio-3744, ¶ 6.
       {¶ 11} The initial considerations in determining eligibility under R.C. 2953.32 are
whether the offender has obtained a final discharge and whether three years have elapsed
since that event. State v. Aguirre, 144 Ohio St.3d 179, 2014-Ohio-4603, ¶ 18. An offender
is not eligible to have his or her record sealed unless he or she satisfies these two
prerequisites. Id. Moreover, for purposes of determining eligibility, an offender is not
finally discharged until the offender has served all components of his or her sentence
previously imposed by the court. State v. Hoover, 10th Dist. No. 12AP-818, 2013-Ohio-
3337, ¶ 7. This court has repeatedly reaffirmed this principle in the context of restitution.
Black at ¶ 10 (noting the offender has made only partial restitution and stating "final
discharge under the statute does not occur until restitution has been satisfied"); State v.
Jordan, 10th Dist. No. 07AP-584, 2007-Ohio-6383, ¶ 7 (concluding that an offender who
No. 19AP-191                                                                                                  5

had not been finally discharged because he had not paid the court-ordered restitution was
not eligible to apply to seal his conviction records.
        {¶ 12} Appellant contends the trial court erred in granting appellee's application to
seal his conviction record in case No. 03CR-1137.4 More specifically, appellant argues that
appellee failed to demonstrate that he had obtained final discharge pursuant to R.C.
2953.32(A)(1) because he failed to demonstrate that he had completed the community
control condition of his sentence that he pay the court-ordered child support arrearages.
        {¶ 13} In Aguirre, the Supreme Court of Ohio stated "[w]e hold that a trial court
may not seal an offender's record before the offender has completed all sentencing
requirements, including any order to make restitution to third parties." Id. at ¶ 2. Although
many of the cases addressing final discharge have involved the offender's failure to pay
restitution required by the sentence, the Aguirre court made it clear that all sentencing
requirements must be satisfied before an applicant is eligible to have his or her record of
conviction sealed. Id. Indeed, in State v. Gainey, 10th Dist. No. 14AP-583, 2015-Ohio-3119,
this court determined that an offender who had not fulfilled the community service
requirement of her sentence had not received a final discharge and was therefore not an
eligible offender for purposes of R.C. 2953.32(A)(1). Id. at ¶ 12.
        {¶ 14} As appellant points out, a discharge from probation is not analogous to a
"final discharge" within the meaning of R.C. 2953.32(A)(1). Id. at ¶ 14. ("The fact that the
court in her underlying criminal case terminated her community control * * * does not make
her eligible to have her criminal record sealed because she did not complete all components
of her sentence.") Appellant points to appellee's multiple admissions at the March 5, 2019
hearing that he had not paid the full amount of his child support arrearage as proof that he
did not complete all components of his sentence and thus did not obtain final discharge.
As previously noted, upon hearing appellee's multiple admissions, the trial court apparently
spoke with an unidentified prosecuting attorney about the arrearage. The substance of that
discussion is not contained in the record. Therefore, the only information concerning the


4 As noted above, the transcript of the March 5, 2019 hearing indicates that appellee resolved his municipal
court traffic issue; thus, at the time the trial court entered the order granting appellee's application to seal
the records of his criminal convictions, appellee no longer had criminal proceedings pending against him.
In addition, we note that neither the parties nor the trial court mentioned case No. 08CR-7453 at either the
February 5 or March 5, 2019 hearings. Thus, we presume that appellant satisfied the R.C. 2953.32
requirements for sealing his record in case No. 08CR-7453.
No. 19AP-191                                                                                6

status of the child support arrearage was provided by appellee, who thrice admitted that he
had not paid the arrearage in full. Because appellee admitted he had not paid all of the
arrearages required by his sentence, appellee is not an eligible offender, and the trial court
erred in granting appellee's application to seal his criminal record in case No. 03CR-1137.
       {¶ 15} Accordingly, we sustain appellant's sole assignment of error, reverse the
judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas with regard to the portion of its
judgment sealing the record of appellee's conviction in case No. 03CR-1137, and remand
this matter to that court to vacate the order sealing the record in case No. 03CR-1137.
                                   Judgment reversed; cause remanded with instructions.

                        BROWN and BEATTY BLUNT, JJ., concur.
