                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                    No. 18-1171
                                Filed July 24, 2019


JLL LLC,
      Plaintiff-Appellant,

vs.

CITY OF CEDAR FALLS, et al.,
      Defendant-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________


       Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Black Hawk County, Kellyann M.

Lekar, Judge.



       JLL LLC appeals the district court’s ruling on taxation of costs following a

condemnation action by the City of Cedar Falls. AFFIRMED.




       E. Kelly Keady of Biersdorf & Associates, P.C., Minneapolis, Minnesota, for

appellant.

       Maria E. Brownell of Ahlers & Cooney, P.C., Des Moines, for appellee.



       Heard by Vogel, C.J., Vaitheswaran, J., and Mahan, S.J.,* but decided by

Vaitheswaran, P.J., Mahan, S.J.,* and Vogel, S.J.*

       *Senior judges assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 (2019).
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VAITHESWARAN, Presiding Judge.

       The City of Cedar Falls condemned property owned by JLL LLC. See Iowa

Code § 6A.4(6) (2016) (authorizing cities to take private property for public use).

Following a hearing, a compensation commission assessed damages of $527,197.

See id. §§ 6B.4, 6B.14, 6B.17.

       JLL appealed the appraisement of damages to the district court. See id.

§ 6B.18(1). A jury awarded JLL $630,000. See id. § 6B.21.

       JLL filed an application for $147,690 in attorney fees and $78,999.67 in

costs. See id. § 6B.33. Following a hearing, the district court awarded (1) attorney

fees of $141,345; (2) $15,000 for the cost of an appraisal; and (3) statutory expert

witness fees of $150 for each of three experts. JLL appealed.

       JLL does not challenge the attorney fee award. The company focuses on

the district court’s denial of its requests for additional litigation-related expenses.

In its view, statutory language obligates cities to make property owners whole.

       Iowa Code section 6B.33 does indeed require an acquiring agency to “pay

all costs occasioned by the appeal.”       But “costs” do not include all litigation

expenses, as JLL contends. See City of Riverdale v. Diercks, 806 N.W.2d 643,

660 (Iowa 2011) (“We have construed ‘all costs’ language in other fee-shifting

statutes to limit reimbursement for litigation expenses to those allowed as taxable

court costs.” (citing Iowa Dep’t of Transp. v. Soward, 650 N.W.2d 569, 572 (Iowa

2002))); City of Ottumwa v. Taylor, 102 N.W.2d 376, 378 (Iowa 1960) (“We

disagree with defendant’s view that ‘all costs occasioned by the appeal’ as used in

[the predecessor to section 6B.33] includes all expenses reasonably necessary in

preparation and trial of the appeal.”).
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       Breaking down JLL’s requests for litigation-related expenses, we begin with

its request for appraisal fees, an issue we are persuaded was preserved for review.

Section 6B.33 authorizes payment of “the reasonable cost incurred by the property

owner for one appraisal.” JLL requested $51,000 for its appraiser’s “written/oral

appraisal report ($43,000) plus the additional $8000 review appraisal of [the City’s]

appraisal.”   The $43,000 figure included $13,000 to cover charges for the

appraiser’s trial testimony and $5000 to cover “rent loss analysis and reporting.”

       The district court found (1) the $13,000 sum was in fact a request for an

“expert witness” fee not covered by section 6B.33; (2) “the rent income issue . . .

[was] inadmissible” at trial, foreclosing taxation of the $5000 sum as costs; and

(3) the “review service” costing $8000 “added little to [the] original report and [was]

as disproportional in its amount as the original appraisal report.”         The court

concluded $15,000 would be “a more than reasonable allocation” for the appraisal.

       We discern no error in the district court’s interpretation of section 6B.33 as

excluding the $13,000 cost of the appraiser’s trial testimony. See Taylor, 102

N.W.2d at 377, 379 (reversing allowance of fees for “each of two expert appraisers

in preparing to testify and testifying upon the appeal”). And we conclude the district

court did not err or abuse its discretion in declining to award the $5000 cost of

preparing an inadmissible rental loss evaluation and the $8000 cost of reviewing

and rebutting the City’s appraisal report. See Goodwin v. Iowa State Highway

Comm’n, 369 N.W.2d 816, 819 (Iowa 1985) (reviewing assessment of costs,

damages, and attorney fees under what is now Iowa Code section 6B.34 for

substantial evidence and abuse of discretion); cf. Shea v. Lorenz, No. 16-0496,

2017 WL 4844504, at *8 (Iowa Ct. App. Oct. 25, 2017) (reviewing assessment of
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litigation costs under Iowa Code chapter 625 for an abuse of discretion). In light

of our conclusion, we need not address the City’s contention that the $8000 review

constituted a “second” appraisal not covered by section 6B.33.

        We turn to the district court’s refusal to award additional litigation-related

expenses and a represented party’s direct claims for costs and expenses. The

court concluded these expenses did not fall within the statutory definition of costs.

The court’s conclusion flowed directly from Soward. There, the supreme court

reaffirmed that “[t]he express mention of attorney fees [and one appraisal fee]

implies exclusion of all other expenses.” Soward, 650 N.W.2d at 572 (citing Taylor,

102 N.W.2d at 380). We discern no error in the court’s denial of these litigation

expenses.

        We are left with the district court’s denial of JLL’s request for expert witness

fees.   As noted, the court treated the appraiser’s trial testimony as expert

testimony. JLL also called two other experts. Again, Soward dictated the court’s

decision. See id. (observing “the term ‘costs’ [in section 6B.33] does not include

expert witness fees”). This court is not at liberty to overrule the opinion. See State

v. Hastings, 466 N.W.2d 697, 700 (Iowa Ct. App. 1990); see also Soward, 650

N.W.2d at 574 (“[I]f there is to be a change to section 6B.33 after forty years of

acquiescence by the legislature, such change should come from that body.”). We

also are not at liberty to address JLL’s constitutional challenge to the holding of

Soward, an issue that was not preserved for review. See Meier v. Senecaut, 641

N.W.2d 532, 537 (Iowa 2002). The court appropriately limited the expert witness

fee award to $150 per expert. See Iowa Code § 622.72 (authorizing fees for expert

witnesses “not exceed[ing] one hundred fifty dollars per day”).
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We affirm the district court’s ruling on taxation of costs.

AFFIRMED.
