
COURT OF APPEALS
EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
EL PASO, TEXAS



CITY OF EL PASO,


                            Appellant,

v.


JACKIE LYNN WILKINS, Individually
and as Independent Executrix of the Estate
of JACK FREDERIC BLACKHAM, and
on Behalf of all Wrongful Death
Beneficiaries,

                            Appellees.
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No. 08-07-00087-CV

Appeal from the

County Court at Law #3

of El Paso County, Texas 

(TC# 2002-1765 ) 


O P I N I O N

	This is an interlocutory appeal by the City of El Paso from the denial of its plea to the
jurisdiction of Appellees' claims under the Texas Tort Claims Act for wrongful death.
	On May 6, 2000, at approximately 5:10 a.m., Mr. Blackham called 9-1-1, requested the
police go to his house, and then hung up.  The call taker identified it as a high priority call and
immediately sent the information to the police dispatcher.  A police unit did not arrive until two
and half hours later.  Mr. Blackham was found dead; he had committed suicide.  The responding
officers stated in their deposition that a call pending for a couple of hours was not unusual, but
was not typical either.  On weekends, units are very busy, and it is common to come in the
morning, and have to "clean up the mess from the night before . . . ."
	The Appellees brought suit seeking damages under Sections 101.021, 101.0215, 101.055,
and 101.062 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code.  A hearing was held on the City of
El Paso's plea to the jurisdiction and motion for summary judgment on March 9, 2007.  The plea
to the jurisdiction was denied, and no ruling was made on the motion for summary judgment. 
The City brings this interlocutory appeal from the denial of Appellant's plea to the jurisdiction
based on governmental immunity.
	Municipalities are immune from suit under the doctrine of sovereign immunity unless the
Legislature has expressly waived immunity.  Dallas County Mental Health & Mental Retardation
v. Bossley, 968 S.W.2d 339, 341 (Tex. 1998).  A trial court lacks subject matter jurisdiction when
a cause of action is barred by sovereign immunity, and dismissal with prejudice is proper. 
Sepulveda v. County of El Paso, 170 S.W.3d 605, 610 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2005, pet. denied).
citing City of Austin v. L.S. Ranch, Ltd., 970 S.W.2d 750, 752 (Tex.App.--Austin 1998, no pet.). 
Subject matter jurisdiction is a question of law, which we review de novo.  Sepulveda, 170
S.W.3d at 610, citing City of Saginaw v. Carter, 996 S.W.2d 1, 2 (Tex.App.--Fort Worth 1999,
pet. dism'd w.o.j.).  The plaintiff has the burden to allege facts affirmatively demonstrating the
trial court has subject matter jurisdiction.  Id.  We consider the allegations in the petition as true,
and construe the jurisdictional pleadings liberally in the plaintiff's favor and look to the pleader's
intent.  Sepulveda, 170 S.W.3d at 610, citing City of Saginaw, 996 S.W.2d at 2-3; Texas
Association of Business v. Texas Air Control Board, 852 S.W.2d 440, 446 (Tex. 1993).  A court
deciding a plea to the jurisdiction, however, is not required to look solely to the pleadings, but
may consider evidence and must do so when necessary to resolve the jurisdictional issues raised. 
Bland Independent School District v. Blue, 34 S.W.3d 547, 555 (Tex. 2000).
	The statute provides in relevant part:
	A governmental unit in the state is liable for:

.               .               .

	(2)	personal injury and death so caused by a condition or use of tangible
personal or real property if the governmental unit would, were it a private
person, be liable to the claimant according to Texas law.

Tex.Civ.Prac.&Rem.Code Ann. §101.021(2)(Vernon 2005).

	In order to establish waiver under Section 101.021(2) of the Act, Appellees rely on an
allegation that the inadequate condition of the communications system contributed to the delay
which caused the death of Mr. Blackham.  To properly state a claim involving the condition of
property, it is sufficient to allege that defective or inadequate property contributed to the injury. 
City of El Paso v. Hernandez, 16 S.W.3d 409, 417 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2000, pet. denied).
	In Appellees' first amended petition, the claims are based on the City's delayed response
to Mr. Blackham's emergency call.  It is asserted that the failure to act was caused by a condition
or use of tangible personal or real property, and as a proximate result of the delay he did not
receive appropriate medical care or assistance, which resulted in him taking his own life. 
However, the Appellees pled no affirmative facts of the condition or use of the communication
system.  At the hearing on the plea to jurisdiction, the Appellees argued that calls were not
responded to for hours, which is condition of the communication system itself.  There are no
facts or evidence alleged that there was a problem with the telephones or computer systems used. 
In Hernandez, there was evidence that during the delay, that the phone lines at EMS became so
busy that the additional calls were forwarded to the fire department, but there was no allegation
and no evidence that any calls related to the case were forwarded to the fire department or that
this condition of the system contributed to the delay, as such, the claim did not fall within
Section 101.021(2).  Hernandez, 16 S.W.3d at 417.  This Court also held that a complaint about
a delay in the dispatch of a transport ambulance was a non-use allegation of the communication
system, which does not waive immunity.  Id.  In City of Hidalgo Ambulance Service v. Lira, one
of our sister courts held that an allegation regarding a failure to dispatch an ambulance was not a
claim about the use or misuse of tangible property but rather the conveyance or non-conveyance
of information.  City of Hidalgo Ambulance Service v. Lira, 17 S.W.3d 300, 304 (Tex.App.--Corpus Christi 2000, no pet.).
	The allegation of the inadequate condition of the "communication system" is based on the
failure to timely dispatch a police unit in response to the call.  The officers who actually
responded to the call stated that the delay is not unusual especially if there was a busy night since
at times there could be as little as three units patrolling.  This failure to dispatch involved the
conveyance of information, which is not tangible personal or real property.  Information is an
abstract concept, lacking corporeal, physical, or palpable qualities.  Univ. of Texas Med. Branch
at Galveston v. York, 871 S.W.2d 175, 178-79 (Tex. 1994).  People, likewise, are not personal or
real property, so the call takers, dispatchers, and officers cannot be considered as a condition or
use of tangible property.  See Hernandez, 16 S.W.3d at 417.  The phones and computers are
tangible, but there are no allegations or evidence that they were in any defective or inadequate
condition or that the phones or computers were misused.  The "communication system"
Appellees argue is inadequate is not tangible property, and does not fall within the waiver of
immunity statute.  The complaint of use of property is a non-use complaint, which likewise does
not come within the statute.  We sustain the City's Issues One and Two.  Given the disposition of
the two issues, we need not address the City's other issues raised.
	Having sustained the City's Issues One and Two, we reverse the trial court's order
denying the plea to jurisdiction and dismiss the cause with prejudice.



May 15, 2008
						DAVID WELLINGTON CHEW, Chief Justice

Before Chew, C.J., McClure, and Carr, JJ.
