            If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
                 revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.




                          STATE OF MICHIGAN

                            COURT OF APPEALS



CALVIN SHERIDAN,                                                     UNPUBLISHED
                                                                     September 10, 2019
               Plaintiff-Appellant,

v                                                                    No. 342704
                                                                     Wayne Circuit Court
TITAN INSURANCE COMPANY,                                             LC No. 16-010604-NF

               Defendant-Appellee.


Before: JANSEN, P.J., and CAMERON and TUKEL, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

      In this action for personal protection insurance (PIP) benefits under the no-fault act, MCL
500.3101 et seq., plaintiff, Calvin Sheridan, appeals from the trial court’s order granting
summary disposition to defendant, Titan Insurance Company (Titan). We affirm.

                                       I. BACKGROUND

       In June 2015, Sheridan was injured in a hit-and-run motor vehicle accident while he was
walking down the road. Sheridan suffered injuries to his shoulders, arms, left knee, neck, and
head, and he was hospitalized as a result of the accident. Because Sheridan did not have no-fault
automobile insurance, and because the driver of the motor vehicle could not be found, Sheridan
submitted his claims for PIP benefits to the Michigan Automobile Insurance Placement Facility
(MAIPF) for coverage under the Michigan Assigned Claims Plan (MACP). Titan was assigned
as Sheridan’s servicing insurer.

        Sheridan submitted his application for PIP benefits, and he later submitted documentation
of attendant care services he received from his sister, Bertha Wilson, and his brother, Larry
Sheridan. Sheridan’s medical records revealed that he failed to disclose his prior medical
conditions in his application for PIP benefits. These records also revealed that Sheridan was
hospitalized for some of these prior medical conditions at the same time he was supposedly
receiving attendant care services from his siblings. Sheridan filed this lawsuit after Titan refused




                                                -1-
to pay PIP benefits based on Sheridan’s misrepresentations. Titan filed a motion for summary
disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(10), arguing that Sheridan’s omissions and false statements
constituted fraudulent insurance acts under MCL 500.3173a(4),1 and thus, he was ineligible to
receive PIP benefits for his claim. Sheridan responded by contending that he was confused by
the questions in the application for PIP benefits, that he did not believe his prior medical
conditions were relevant to the injuries he sustained in the accident, and that he may have
mistakenly put the wrong dates on the attendant care forms. Thus, Sheridan argued that he did
not commit a fraudulent insurance act under MCL 500.3173a(4). The trial court granted Titan’s
motion for summary disposition, and this appeal followed.

                                  II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

        We review de novo a trial court’s grant or denial of a motion for summary disposition.
Allison v AEW Capital Mgt, LLP, 481 Mich 419, 424; 751 NW2d 8 (2008). A motion for
summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(10) should be granted “if the evidence submitted by
the parties fails to establish a genuine issue regarding any material fact, [and] the moving party is
entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Id. at 424-425 (quotation marks and citation omitted).
“There is a genuine issue of material fact when reasonable minds could differ on an issue after
viewing the record in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party.” Id. at 425.

        Further, issues that require the interpretation of a statute are questions of law that are
reviewed de novo. Candler v Farm Bureau Mut Ins Co of Mich, 321 Mich App 772, 777; 910
NW2d 666 (2017). In Spectrum Health Hosps v Farm Bureau Mut Ins Co of Mich, 492 Mich
503, 515; 821 NW2d 117 (2012), our Supreme Court provided the following longstanding
principles of statutory interpretation:

               The primary goal of statutory interpretation is to ascertain the legislative
       intent that may reasonably be inferred from the statutory language. The first step
       in that determination is to review the language of the statute itself. Unless
       statutorily defined, every word or phrase of a statute should be accorded its plain
       and ordinary meaning, taking into account the context in which the words are
       used. We may consult dictionary definitions to give words their common and
       ordinary meaning. When given their common and ordinary meaning, the words
       of a statute provide the most reliable evidence of its intent. [Quotation marks,
       citation, and brackets omitted.]




1
  At the time Titan filed its motion for summary disposition, the fraudulent insurance act
provision was provided in MCL 500.3173a(2). MCL 500.3173a has since been amended. See
2019 PA 21 (effective June 11, 2019). The only relevant change to the statute for purposes of
this appeal is that the fraudulent insurance act provision moved from subsection (2) to subsection
(4) of the statute. MCL 500.3173a(4).


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                                         III. ANALYSIS

        Sheridan argues that the trial court erred in granting Titan’s motion for summary
disposition because there is a genuine dispute of material fact regarding whether Sheridan
knowingly presented, or caused to be presented, materially false information in support of his
claim for PIP benefits—specifically, information regarding his prior medical conditions and
attendant care services. We disagree.

       MCL 500.3173a states, in relevant part:

              (1) The Michigan automobile insurance placement facility shall review a
       claim for personal protection insurance benefits under the assigned claims plan,
       shall make an initial determination of the eligibility for benefits under this chapter
       and the assigned claims plan, and shall deny a claim that the Michigan automobile
       insurance placement facility determines is ineligible under this chapter or the
       assigned claims plan. . . .

                                              * * *

               (4) A person who presents or causes to be presented an oral or written
       statement, including computer-generated information, as part of or in support of a
       claim to the Michigan automobile insurance placement facility, or to an insurer to
       which the claim is assigned under the assigned claims plan, for payment or
       another benefit knowing that the statement contains false information concerning
       a fact or thing material to the claim commits a fraudulent insurance act under
       [MCL 500.4503] that is subject to the penalties imposed under [MCL 500.4511].
       A claim that contains or is supported by a fraudulent insurance act as described in
       this subsection is ineligible for payment of personal protection insurance benefits
       under the assigned claims plan.

       In Candler, 321 Mich App at 779-780, this Court held that a person commits a
“fraudulent insurance act” under MCL 500.3173a(4) when

       (1) the person presents or causes to be presented an oral or written statement, (2)
       the statement is part of or in support of a claim for no-fault benefits, and (3) the
       claim for benefits was submitted to the MAIPF. Further, (4) the person must have
       known that the statement contained false information, and (5) the statement
       concerned a fact or thing material to the claim.

       The trial court did not err in granting Titan’s motion for summary disposition. The
record shows that Sheridan presented, or caused to be presented, false written statements in
support of his claim for PIP benefits. In his application2 for PIP benefits, Sheridan stated that he



2
 In Candler, 321 Mich App at 778 n 4, this Court held that “the request/application to the
MAIPF is nevertheless a claim for owed benefits.” (First emphasis added.) Therefore, for


                                                -3-
suffered injuries to his shoulders, back, neck, ribs, legs, and elbows as a result of the motor
vehicle accident. When asked whether he had previously suffered from any of these injuries, or
whether he had “any medical conditions” before the accident, Sheridan answered, “No,” and
“N/A” for not applicable, respectively. Hospital records reveal, however, that Sheridan suffered
a left knee injury in a slip-and-fall accident in June 2013 and underwent total knee replacement
surgery in August 2013.

        Further, Sheridan submitted documentation for attendant care services he received from
July 12, 2015 through July 14, 2015; August 3, 2015 through August 7, 2015; July 19, 2016
through July 22, 2016; and October 1, 2016 through October 4, 2016. However, at the same time
Sheridan was supposedly receiving attendant care services, he was hospitalized for various
medical conditions, including congestive heart failure, respiratory failure, pancreatitis, and other
conditions—most of which were unrelated to the motor vehicle accident. It was impossible for
Sheridan to be receiving attendant care services from family members at the same time he was
hospitalized. These contradictory submissions formed the basis of Titan’s refusal to pay PIP
benefits to Sheridan.

       Sheridan responds that, at his deposition, he explained that he did not disclose his prior
knee injury and surgery because his knee had healed by the time of the accident, and he was not
experiencing any knee pain leading up to the accident. Sheridan also testified that he was
“confused” by the wording of some of the questions on his application for PIP benefits and that
he did not knowingly submit false information regarding his prior medical conditions. With
respect to his submissions for attendant care services, Sheridan testified that the dates he
received those attendant care services were, to his knowledge, accurate, but he may have put the
wrong dates down by “mistake” when filling out the attendant care forms.

        Sheridan’s “confusion” and “mistakes” regarding his claim for PIP benefits are
unavailing. Sheridan signed his application for PIP benefits—acknowledging the veracity of his
statements, the information in the application, and the application’s fraud warning reiterating the
penalty for fraudulent insurance acts under MCL 500.3173a(4)—and he confirmed his signing of
the application at his deposition. See e.g., Lease Acceptance Corp v Adams, 272 Mich App 209,
221; 724 NW2d 724 (2006) (“[T]he law is clear that one who signs an agreement, in the absence
of coercion, mistake, or fraud, is presumed to know the nature of the document and to understand
its contents, even if he or she has not read the agreement.”); see also Christensen v Christensen,
126 Mich App 640, 645; 337 NW2d 611 (1983) (“[A] person who signs and executes an
instrument without inquiring as to its contents cannot have the instrument set aside on the ground
of ignorance of the contents.”). Also, the questions on the application were clear and
unambiguous. The questions read: “Were you injured in the accident?” “Did you already suffer
from any of these injuries before the accident?” “Please list any medical conditions you had
and/or medications you were taking before this accident.” “Had you sought treatment for any
prior conditions before this accident?” In fact, Sheridan submitted his application for PIP



purposes of MCL 500.3173a, the difference between an “application” and a “claim” is
immaterial. Id.


                                                -4-
benefits with the help of counsel, so it is unreasonable to believe that he was confused by the
relatively straightforward questions being asked, or that he was unaware that the information he
was submitting was false. Allison, 481 Mich 425 (“There is a genuine issue of material fact
when reasonable minds could differ on an issue after viewing the record in the light most
favorable to the nonmoving party.”).

        Moreover, while it is possible that Sheridan may have provided the wrong dates for some
of the attendant care services that he received, it is unreasonable to suggest that he mistakenly
provided four separate date ranges for attendant care services at the same time he was
hospitalized. In fact, Sheridan testified that he and his sister would generally fill out the
attendant care forms and sign them the same day, or the day after if they forgot. Given these
facts, no reasonable jury could conclude that Sheridan mistakenly—rather than fraudulently—
submitted false information regarding his prior medical conditions and the attendant care
services he received. See Candler, 321 Mich App at 781-782 (noting that, “that to create a
genuine issue of material fact and defeat a motion for summary disposition under MCR
2.116(C)(10), there must be sufficient evidence to permit a reasonable jury to find in the
nonmoving party’s favor”) (citation omitted). Accordingly, there is no genuine dispute of
material fact that Sheridan presented false written statements in support of his claim for PIP
benefits. Allison, 481 Mich 425; Candler, 321 Mich App at 781-782.

        The record establishes that Sheridan both (1) knowingly omitted material information
regarding his prior medical conditions in submitting his application for PIP benefits, and (2)
knowingly made false, material statements regarding attendant care services he received.
Sheridan testified that he failed to disclose his left knee injury and surgery in his application for
PIP benefits, despite medical records and his own testimony acknowledging the injury and
surgery. Plaintiff also explained the recording process he used to keep track of the attendant care
services he received, testifying that his sister and brother would check off the tasks they
completed for Sheridan, and then Sheridan would write the tasks on the attendant care forms.
All three would typically sign the forms, usually the same day, but sometimes the day after. No
reasonable jury could accept Sheridan’s contention that he mistakenly recorded the wrong dates
of receiving attendant care services, especially considering that he would normally fill out the
forms and sign them within a day of receiving those services. Allison, 481 Mich 425; Candler,
321 Mich App at 781-782.

        There is also no genuine issue of material fact that Sheridan’s omissions and false
statements are material. “A statement is material if it is reasonably relevant to the insurer’s
investigation of a claim.” Bahri v IDS Prop Cas Ins Co, 308 Mich App 420, 425; 864 NW2d
609 (2014) (citation omitted). Sheridan’s prior medical conditions directly relate to whether he
required attendant care services for his injuries from the motor vehicle accident. Therefore,
Sheridan’s failure to disclose his prior medical conditions, as well as his false statements
regarding the dates he received attendant care services, are reasonably relevant to Titan’s
investigation into the claim for PIP benefits. Id. Accordingly, there is no genuine issue of
material fact that Sheridan knowingly presented, or caused to be presented, materially false
statements in support of his claim for PIP benefits so as to constitute a “fraudulent insurance act”
under MCL 500.3173a(4). Candler, 321 Mich App at 778-782 (providing the requirements for
proving a fraudulent insurance act under MCL 500.3173a(4)).


                                                -5-
        Sheridan argues, however, that (1) “there is no direct evidence that [Sheridan] knew, or
was part of any fraud,” and that (2) both [Titan] and the trial court have failed to acknowledge
the “intent to defraud” requirement for proving a fraudulent insurance act under MCL
500.3173a(4). First, “fraud may be established by circumstantial evidence.” Foodland
Distributors v Al-Naimi, 220 Mich App 453, 458; 559 NW2d 379 (1996). Here, the facts and
circumstances surrounding Sheridan’s application for PIP benefits—his failure to disclose his
prior medical conditions, and his erroneous submissions of the dates he received attendant care
services—establish that Sheridan knowingly presented materially false information in support of
his claim for PIP benefits. Id. at 458-460. Second, the plain language of MCL 500.3173a(4)
does not require that the person submitting the false information have an intent to defraud. Nor
does this Court’s decision in Candler, 321 Mich App at 772-782, discuss an intent element
needed to prove a fraudulent insurance act under MCL 500.3173a(4). Therefore, Sheridan’s
arguments are unpersuasive.

        Plaintiff also relies on Meemic Ins Co v Fortson, 324 Mich App 467, 473; 922 NW2d 154
(2018), and other, unpublished cases, in support of his argument that “there remains a genuine
issue of material fact as to whether [Sheridan] committed fraud.” The issue in Meemic was
whether the plaintiffs committed fraud under the fraud-exclusion clause of their no-fault
automobile insurance policy. Id. at 479-484. This case, on the other hand, is distinguishable
from Meemic because it involves a claim for PIP benefits under the MACP. See Candler, 321
Mich App at 780 n 6 (noting that cases involving a claimant’s fraudulent acts under an insurance
policy contract are not relevant to cases involving claims brought under the MACP). In addition,
unpublished opinions are not precedentially binding. Cox v Hartman, 322 Mich App 292, 307;
911 NW2d 219 (2017), citing MCR 7.215(C)(1). Therefore, Sheridan’s reliance on these cases
is unhelpful.

       Finally, Sheridan argues that because no contractual relationship existed between
Sheridan and Titan—given that Titan was assigned as Sheridan’s servicing insurer through the
MACP—“the only available penalties against [Sheridan] are those expressly stated in the No-
Fault Act, i.e., attorney fees and costs for making a PIP claim that was ‘in some respect
fraudulent’ in violation of MCL 500.3148(2).” Sheridan also contends that even if he submitted
materially false information in support of his claim for PIP benefits, his claim could not be
dismissed entirely because mere “inaccuracies in the forms and sheets submitted for payment . . .
does not preclude compensation of ANY claim for payment.” These contentions are erroneous
because MCL 500.3173a(4) specifically states, “A claim that contains or is supported by a
fraudulent insurance act as described in this subsection is ineligible for payment of [PIP] benefits
under the assigned claims plan.” This Court in Candler, 321 Mich App at 782, confirmed that
“[b]ecause there is no genuine issue of material fact that plaintiff’s claim for benefits was
supported by a fraudulent insurance act, the claim is thereby ineligible for payment under the
MACP.” Accordingly, Sheridan’s fraudulent insurance acts render him ineligible for payment of




                                                -6-
PIP benefits under the MACP, and the trial court did not err in granting Titan’s motion for
summary disposition on that basis.

       Affirmed.



                                                        /s/ Kathleen Jansen
                                                        /s/ Thomas C. Cameron
                                                        /s/ Jonathan Tukel




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