                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 20-0609
                               Filed July 22, 2020


IN THE INTEREST OF B.M.,
Minor Child,

R.M., Father,
       Appellant,

K.C., Mother,
       Appellant.
________________________________________________________________


      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Rachael E. Seymour,

District Associate Judge.



      A child’s parents separately appeal the juvenile court order terminating their

parental rights. AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.



      Chira L. Corwin of Corwin Law Firm, Des Moines, for appellant father.

      Agnes G. Warutere of Warutere Law Firm, PLLC, Ankeny, for appellant

mother.

      Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Ellen Ramsey-Kacena, Assistant

Attorney General, for appellee State.

      Brent Pattison (until withdrawal) and Jami J. Hagmeier of Drake Legal

Clinic, Des Moines, attorneys and guardians ad litem for minor child.



      Considered by Bower, C.J., and Doyle and Schumacher, JJ.
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SCHUMACHER, Judge.

        A child’s parents separately appeal the juvenile court order terminating their

parental rights. We find there is clear and convincing evidence in the record to

support termination of their parental rights and termination is in the child’s best

interests. We affirm the decision of the juvenile court.

        I.     Background Facts & Proceedings

        R.M., father, and K.C., mother, are the parents of B.M., born in 2019. The

parents have a long history of interaction with the Iowa Department of Human

Services (DHS). They also have a history of domestic violence and problems with

substance abuse, including the excessive use of alcohol.

        Their older child, M.M., born in 2015, was removed after an incident of

domestic violence in the home.1 As a result of this incident, the mother received

bruising, a bite mark, a swollen lip, and a concussion. The parents’ rights to M.M.

were terminated in 2017. We affirmed the termination as to the father but reversed

the termination as to the mother because she had separated from the father. In re

M.M., No. 17-0237, 2017 WL 2461889, at *3 (Iowa Ct. App. June 7, 2017). The

mother subsequently reunited with the father and had inconsistent contact with

M.M. Her parental rights to M.M. were terminated and the termination was affirmed

on appeal. In re M.M., No. 19-0598, 2019 WL 3317403, at *3 (Iowa Ct. App.

July 24, 2019).




1   The father pled guilty to a charge of domestic abuse assault.
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      Two more of the mother’s children, A.M., born in 2016, and J.C., born in

2018, were involved in child-in-need-of-assistance (CINA) proceedings.2 In 2018,

A.M. tested positive for methamphetamine. The mother was living with R.M., who

was threatening and aggressive to service providers. Again, the mother was

inconsistent in her participation in visitation and services. The mother’s parental

rights were terminated.3 We affirmed the termination, noting the mother continued

to be involved in an intimate relationship with R.M., who posed a safety risk to the

mother and children. In re A.M., No. 19-1735, 2020 WL 825975, at *3 (Iowa Ct.

App. Feb. 19, 2020). We specifically found:

               The record shows [K.C.] carries on an intimate relationship
      with her domestic abuser. She minimizes his threats and violence.
      And she believes he would be a safe caretaker for the children. The
      juvenile court did not believe [R.M.] made any progress in addressing
      his controlling and abusive behavior. We agree with the juvenile
      court’s opinion that [R.M.] “continues to pose a safety risk to [K.C.]
      and any children in her custody.” We find it especially important this
      time to defer to the juvenile court’s fact finding. See M.M., 2017 WL
      2461889, at *4 (Vogel, J., dissenting) (“This is the credibility
      assessment that could only be made by the district court judge who
      presided over this case from its inception and should not be upset by
      our examination of the cold record.”). If a parent “has gained very
      little insight” over the course of the proceedings about domestic
      violence and the danger it poses to the family, returning young
      children to that parent’s care goes against their welfare. See In re
      T.S., 868 N.W.2d 425, 435 (Iowa Ct. App. 2015).
               On top of the domestic violence danger, the record shows
      [K.C.] has struggled to maintain stable housing throughout the case.
      Because she did not have a safe home environment, the DHS could
      only offer [K.C.] fully supervised visitation. Her lack of adequate
      housing contributes to our conclusion that the children could not
      return to [K.C.’s] care at the time of the hearing. See In re D.M.J.,
      780 N.W.2d 243, 246 (Iowa Ct. App. 2010).

2 Another of the mother’s children, S.H., born in 2010, was adjudicated CINA.
Those proceedings were closed in May 2018 based on the child’s placement with
her father, T.H.
3 The putative fathers of A.M. and J.C. did not appeal the termination of their

parental rights.
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Id.

      When B.M. was born, the parents’ rights to M.M. had been terminated and

A.M. and J.C. were the subject of CINA proceedings. B.M. was removed from the

parents’ care at birth and placed in foster care. The child was adjudicated CINA

under Iowa Code section 232.2(6)(c)(2) and (n) (2019). There was never a trial

placement at home.

      On July 12, 2019, the State filed a motion to waive reasonable efforts,

stating the parents had been receiving services since 2015 to address mental

health, substance abuse, and domestic violence, but they continued to have

unresolved issues. The juvenile court concluded the State met its burden to show

further reasonable efforts at reunification should be waived.

      The parents continued to engage in an unhealthy relationship. In October,

the mother told a service provider the home was unsafe for a visit that day as she

and the father were arguing.     Also, the parents were deceptive with service

providers about the status of their relationship. At times they stated they were no

longer together, although they continued to have contact. The father continued to

have anger-management problems. The mother is in a co-dependent relationship

with the father. Each parent reported the other parent had been drinking alcohol,

which has been problematic for both in the past.4 In addition, the parents did not

have stable housing.

      On October 23, 2019, the State filed a petition seeking to terminate the

parents’ rights. After a hearing, the juvenile court terminated the parents’ rights


4A few months before B.M. was born, the father drank alcohol to the point that he
was unresponsive and was hospitalized.
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under section 232.116(1)(g) and (h). The court found the parents lacked credibility,

noting that although the parents stated they were no longer together, the mother

was pregnant with twins and reported R.M. was the father. The court found “both

parents are either unable or unwilling to take the necessary steps to provide a safe

and stable home for the child free from domestic violence or substance abuse

issues and neither additional time nor services would correct the situation.” The

court determined termination of the parents’ rights was in the child’s best interests,

stating “[t]hese parents had long demonstrated their unwillingness to make

meaningful changes to be able to safely parent their children.”            The court

determined none of the exceptions in section 232.116(3) should be applied. The

parents each appeal the juvenile court’s decision.

         II.    Standard of Review

         Our review of termination proceedings is de novo. In re A.B., 815 N.W.2d

764, 773 (Iowa 2012). The State must prove its allegations for termination by clear

and convincing evidence. In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 492 (Iowa 2000). “‘Clear

and convincing evidence’ means there are no serious or substantial doubts as to

the correctness [of] conclusions of law drawn from the evidence.” Id. Our primary

concern is the best interests of the child. In re J.S., 846 N.W.2d 36, 40 (Iowa

2014).

         III.   Sufficiency of the Evidence

         The mother and father both claim there is not sufficient evidence in the

record to support termination of their parental rights. “When the juvenile court

orders termination of parental rights on more than one statutory ground, we need
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only find grounds to terminate on one of the sections to affirm.” In re T.S., 868

N.W.2d 425, 435 (Iowa Ct. App. 2015). We will focus on section 232.116(1)(g).

       Section 232.116(1)(g) provides for termination of parental rights under the

following circumstances:

       The court finds that all of the following have occurred:
              (1) The child has been adjudicated a child in need of
       assistance pursuant to section 232.96.
              (2) The court has terminated parental rights pursuant to
       section 232.117 with respect to another child who is a member of the
       same family or a court of competent jurisdiction in another state has
       entered an order involuntarily terminating parental rights with respect
       to another child who is a member of the same family.
              (3) There is clear and convincing evidence that the parent
       continues to lack the ability or willingness to respond to services
       which would correct the situation.
              (4) There is clear and convincing evidence that an additional
       period of rehabilitation would not correct the situation.

       A.     Mother

       The mother concedes the State adequately proved subsections

232.116(1)(g)(1) and (2), but contends the State did not present clear and

convincing evidence to support subsections (3) and (4). She asserts the evidence

does not show she was experiencing the problems that led to termination of her

parental rights to three of her other children.

       We find there is clear and convincing evidence to show the mother lacked

the ability or willingness to respond to services. The mother has been receiving

services since 2015 but continues to minimize the father’s abusive conduct. The

parents have a contentious relationship; as recently as October 2019 the mother

cancelled a visit, stating it would not be safe for the child because she and the

father were arguing. Although the parents were not living together by the time of

the termination hearing, the mother testified they talked every day. The parents
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continued to have a sexual relationship and the mother was pregnant with twins at

the time of the termination hearing. Despite the receipt of the injuries described

above, the mother continued to dismiss this incident as “horseplay.”

       The mother has been unable to process the importance of protecting her

child from domestic abuse. The mother testified the father was a safe individual

to parent. Her actions and deception throughout the course of the proceedings do

not reflect a true appreciation of the danger the father presents to herself or the

child, nor do they reflect a genuine commitment to providing a safe home for B.M.

See In re S.O., 483 N.W.2d 602, 603 (Iowa 1992) (finding return to mother’s care

would place children “in imminent risk of harm” due to her “pattern of sporadic

cohabitation and visitation” with abusive father and her “failure to protect the

children from abuse”); T.S., 868 N.W.2d at 435 (finding statutory grounds for

termination satisfied when the mother “had attended domestic violence classes;

however, she continued to see her abuser . . . on multiple occasions and in

violation of the no-contact order”).

       We also find there was clear and convincing evidence that an additional

period of rehabilitation would not correct the mother’s situation. As noted, the

mother had been receiving services since 2015 but has not been able to correct

the conditions that previously led to the removal of B.M. We agree with the juvenile

court’s conclusion that it is not likely the mother’s situation would be corrected if

she were given an additional period of time to work on reunification. We conclude

the mother’s parental rights were properly terminated under section 232.116(1)(g).
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       B.     Father

       The father contests the termination of his parental rights under section

232.116(1)(g). He does not dispute that there is sufficient evidence to support

subsections 232.116(1)(g)(1) and (2), but claims the State did not adequately

prove subsections (3) and (4). He states he began attending therapy to address

his problems with anger management. He points out that he has been able to

maintain employment.

       On our de novo review of the evidence, we find the father lacks the ability

or willingness to respond to services that would correct the situation that led to the

removal of the child from his care. Services have been available to him since 2015

and he continues to struggle with anger-management issues. The mother had to

cancel a scheduled visit, stating it was not safe at that time because the parents

were arguing. He walked out of a joint therapy session with the mother. He sent

aggressive and threatening emails to the DHS social worker.

       In addition, there are remaining concerns about substance abuse and

mental health.     The father became intoxicated to the point of needing

hospitalization just a few months before the child was born. He also told a provider

he used methamphetamine and marijuana within the past year, although later

denied making the statement. He did not complete a substance-abuse evaluation

until December 2019. While that evaluation recommended no services, the report

was based only on information provided by the father.             He acknowledged

discontinuing mental-health medication without advice from a physician.

       The parents were sporadic in attending couple’s therapy. It was reported

the mother and father made minimal progress due to lapses in attendance and the
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vacillating status of their relationship. The last attended session was in November

2019, when R.M. indicated he thought it better to end his relationship with the

mother and work on co-parenting. The therapist declined to address co-parenting

issues until the parents further addressed individual issues.

       We find there is clear and convincing evidence that an additional period of

rehabilitation would not correct the father’s situation. The evidence showed the

father had not made significant progress since DHS first became involved with the

family. It is unlikely the child could be safely returned to the father, even if he was

given additional time to work on reunification, given the length of time and the

amount of services offered in approximately four and a half years. We conclude

the father’s parental rights were properly terminated under section 232.116(1)(g).

       IV.    Best Interests

       The father claims termination of his parental rights is not in the child’s best

interests. “When we consider whether parental rights should be terminated, we

‘shall give primary consideration to the child’s safety, to the best placement for

furthering the long-term nurturing and growth of the child, and to the physical,

mental, and emotional condition and needs of the child.’” In re M.W., 876 N.W.2d

212, 224 (Iowa 2016) (quoting Iowa Code § 232.116(2)). “It is well-settled law that

we cannot deprive a child of permanency after the State has proved a ground for

termination under section 232.116(1) by hoping someday a parent will learn to be

a parent and be able to provide a stable home for the child.” In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d

33, 41 (Iowa 2010).

       We find termination of the father’s parental rights is in the child’s best

interests. The father continued to display aggressive and demeaning behavior.
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He has unresolved substance-abuse issues. His testimony at the termination

hearing is telling. He believes, despite an episode in which he was rendered

unconscious by alcohol consumption, that he has no need for treatment. Shortly

before the termination hearing, he moved into a new girlfriend’s residence. Prior

to that move, he was “pretty much living in [his] truck.” The juvenile court found,

“These parents had long demonstrated their unwillingness to make meaningful

changes to be able to safely parent their children.” The child needs stability, which

the father is not able to provide.

       To the extent the mother raises the best interests of the child as an issue,

we find termination of her parental rights is also in the child’s best interests. She

continues to place her relationship with the father over the safety of the child.

       B.M. is placed with a family that is willing to adopt. The child is thriving in

this placement. While B.M. is not placed with his siblings who were subject to prior

termination proceedings, the current placement ensures sibling contact.

       We affirm the juvenile court decision terminating the parents’ rights.

       AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.
