J. S15043/18


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA              :     IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :           PENNSYLVANIA
                   v.                     :
                                          :
YUWSHA ALWAN,                             :          No. 1492 EDA 2017
                                          :
                        Appellant         :


                Appeal from the PCRA Order, March 30, 2017,
            in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
              Criminal Division at No. CP-51-CR-0012299-2011


BEFORE: STABILE, J., DUBOW, J., AND FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.


MEMORANDUM BY FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.:                     FILED JUNE 01, 2018

      Yuwsha Alwan appeals from the March 30, 2017 order dismissing his

petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A.

§§ 9541-9546. After careful review, we affirm.

      A prior panel of this court on direct appeal set forth the relevant facts of

this case as follows:

                  On March 31, 2008, Nicholas Pisano was
                  shot in his apartment at 356 N. Front
                  Street in Philadelphia.        Emergency
                  personnel took him to Hahnemann
                  University Hospital, where he died on that
                  same day. He was twenty-five years old
                  at the time of his death.

                  Philadelphia Police Officer Quinten White
                  was the first police officer to arrive at the
                  scene of the shooting, where he observed
                  a small quantity of marijuana on a living
                  room table and a [MAC-10] automatic
J. S15043/18


               weapon in the bedroom, on the bed,
               partially covered by a sheet. [Officer
               White] spoke to Joshua McDonald, who
               was in the apartment at the time of the
               shooting, and who told him that two
               [b]lack men in their [thirties] wearing
               dark clothing came to the door purporting
               to be making a pizza delivery, and that
               the men shot Pisano and then fled the
               scene. As Officer White was pulling up to
               the scene, he inadvertently drove over a
               pizza box.

                                 ***

               [McDonald] came to visit Pisano in the
               afternoon on the day of the shooting. He
               and Pisano watched a movie and played
               video games together. While the movie
               was playing, an African-American man
               with what McDonald described as a
               “Muslim-sounding name” came to the
               door and spoke with Pisano for about five
               minutes. Pisano briefly introduced him to
               McDonald, but McDonald [could] not recall
               his name or identify him.

               Later that night, McDonald heard a knock
               on the door and a male voice saying “pizza
               delivery.” Pisano replied “we already got
               our food[,]” as the two men had ordered
               delivery earlier. The voice said[,] “well,
               just open the door.” Pisano said[,] “[i]t
               must be around back. It happens all the
               time.” Again, the voice said “just open
               the door.”

               McDonald did not feel comfortable with
               the interaction, which did not feel “right”
               to him, so he retrieved the gun that
               Pisano had shown him earlier in the
               evening, which was hidden in the couch
               where he was sitting. As [McDonald]
               reached down for the gun, he heard a


                                  -2-
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                shot. When he looked up, Pisano had
                fallen. He saw someone coming through
                the doorway and he pointed the gun
                toward them and tried to shoot. When he
                pulled the trigger, nothing happened, but
                the intruder ran. He saw a second man,
                but did not get a good look at him. He
                gave a statement to [h]omicide detectives
                a few hours after the shooting, in which
                he identified the shooter as [Joseph]
                Harville.[1]

                      [1] Harville is [appellant’s]
                      nephew.

          Trial Court Opinion (“T.C.O.”), 11/13/2013, at 2–5
          (citations to notes of testimony omitted).

          Homicide detectives found approximately seven
          pounds of marijuana in Pisano’s apartment, which
          they estimated to have a street value of $31,728.
          They also obtained surveillance video from a security
          camera located outside of Pisano’s apartment
          building.     Clyde Frazier, an officer with the
          Philadelphia Police Department’s Crime Scene Unit,
          recovered fingerprints from the pizza box found
          outside of Pisano’s apartment and matched those
          prints to Robert Gray, Harville’s life-long friend. At
          the time of the shooting, Gray had known [appellant]
          through Harville for approximately three or four years.

                After finding out that his fingerprints had
                been identified on the pizza box and [that]
                the police had video footage of him with
                Harville outside of Pisano’s [apartment]
                building on the night of the shooting, Gray
                gave a full confession to his involvement
                in the shooting. The surveillance video
                depicts Gray and Harville walking back
                and forth outside of [Pisano’s] building,
                [with] Gray holding a pizza box and
                Harville with his hands in his pockets.




                                   -3-
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               In his statement of April 4, 2008, [Gray]
               said the following about what happened
               four days earlier on the night of the
               shooting:

                   [W]e just hung out for a little
                   while, that’s when [appellant]
                   starts talking about this dude
                   that had all this weed. He said
                   he just left the boy’s house and
                   the guy had like ten pounds of
                   weed in the dryer and some on
                   his countertop. He said the boy
                   had a lot of money in a Nike box
                   under the table in the back room
                   where the dog was. [Appellant]
                   was like ‘we should roll on the
                   boy.’ He said the guy was a punk
                   and that we wouldn’t have to do
                   nothing but scare the boy. We
                   all agreed and then [appellant]
                   gave [Harville] the gun.

               [Gray explained that,] after ordering a
               pizza and driving to pick it up, the three
               defendants proceeded as follows:

                   I parked the car under the bridge
                   around the corner from the boy’s
                   house, then me and [Harville]
                   and [appellant] walked around to
                   the house. [Appellant] walked a
                   little bit behind us and showed us
                   where the house was at. Then
                   he stayed back while me and
                   [Harville] went to the dude’s
                   house. I walked up the steps
                   first and [Harville] was behind
                   me. I still had the pizza with me.
                   And when [Harville] rang the
                   doorbell, he says ‘[d]elivery.’
                   The guy inside opens the door
                   and says ‘wrong bell. You want
                   the back.’ He had a Bible in his


                                 -4-
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                    hands and said like two more
                    times ‘you want the back.’ He’s
                    like, ‘I'm telling you, you got the
                    wrong apartment. It happens all
                    the time. You want the back
                    door.’ I said, ‘no I want some
                    weed.’       He was like, ‘you
                    definitely got the wrong house.’

                    That’s when [Harville] come up
                    behind and he pushes past me.
                    He knocked the pizza out of my
                    hand when [he] pushed me. As
                    [Harville] pushed past me, the
                    guy must have seen the gun
                    because he looked shocked.
                    That’s when I noticed [there]
                    was another guy inside on the
                    couch . . . .   The guy on the
                    couch grabs a gun from under a
                    pillow. [He s]tood up pointing at
                    us. At that point I ducked and
                    started to run.     That’s when
                    [Harville] shot. I was already
                    down the steps by the time
                    [Harville] shot then I was gone.
                    I ran to the car and [appellant]
                    was already in the driver’s seat.
                    I got in the backseat and
                    [Harville] came up behind me
                    and got into the front passenger
                    seat. He still had the gun in his
                    hand. Then we just took off.

          Id. at 3–4.

          William Shute, a special agent with the Federal Bureau
          of Investigation [(hereinafter, “Special Agent
          Shute”)], analyzed [appellant’s] cellular phone
          records from March 31, 2008 through April 10, 2008.
          Special Agent Shute’s analysis revealed that
          [appellant] and Gray had exchanged seventy-five
          calls during that period. Twenty-nine of those calls
          took place on the day of the shooting and twenty-


                                   -5-
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              three of them occurred on the following day.
              [Appellant] also made an outgoing call at 9:33 p.m.
              on March 31, 2008; approximately two minutes before
              Pisano was murdered. Based upon the location of the
              cellular tower that [appellant’s] phone used to place
              that call, Special Agent Shute determined that it was
              made within several blocks of the shooting.

Commonwealth v. Alwan, 113 A.3d 353 (Pa.Super. 2014) (unpublished

memorandum at *1-2), appeal denied, 126 A.3d 1281 (Pa. 2015).

        The PCRA court, in turn, summarized the relevant procedural history of

this case as follows:

              On August 30, 2011, [appellant] was arrested and
              charged with Murder and related firearms offenses.
              On August 16 2013, before this Court, a jury convicted
              [appellant] of Second-Degree Murder, Conspiracy,
              and Robbery.[1] This Court immediately imposed a
              mandatory life sentence of imprisonment as to
              Second-Degree Murder, and a concurrent term of ten
              to twenty years of imprisonment as to Conspiracy.[2]

              On November 19, 2014, Superior Court affirmed
              [appellant’s] judgment of sentence. [See id.] On
              October 22, 2015, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court
              denied his Petition for Allowance of Appeal. [Id.] On
              June 2, 2016, [appellant] filed a timely pro se [PCRA]
              petition. On July 18, 2016, [appellant] amended his
              pro se petition. On November 3, 2016, through
              retained counsel[3], [appellant] filed the instant
              Amended Petition.        On January 10, 2017, the
              Commonwealth filed its response. On January 31,
              2017, [appellant] supplemented his Amended

1   18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2502(b), 903, and 3701(a)(1), respectively.

2 Appellant was represented during his jury trial by Robert M. Gamburg, Esq.
(“trial counsel”).

3 Appellant was initially represented during his PCRA proceedings by
David Cornish, Esq. (“PCRA counsel”).


                                      -6-
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            Petition. On February 21, 2017, this Court, finding
            [appellant’s] claims meritless, filed a Notice of Intent
            to Dismiss under Pa.R.Crim.P. 907. On March 3,
            2017, [appellant] filed a pro se response.

PCRA court opinion, 3/30/17 at 1-2 (footnotes omitted).

      As noted, on March 30, 2017, the PCRA court dismissed appellant’s

petition without a hearing. While still represented by PCRA counsel, appellant

filed additional pro se PCRA petitions on April 3 and 10, 2017. The PCRA

court subsequently dismissed these petitions on April 12, 2017. On April 20,

2017, PCRA counsel filed a no-merit letter and petition to withdraw in

accordance with Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988), and

Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa.Super. 1998) (en banc).

Thereafter, PCRA counsel filed a timely notice of appeal on appellant’s behalf

on April 27, 2017. On May 2, 2017, the PCRA court granted PCRA counsel

permission to withdraw.       On May 5, 2017, Lauren A. Wimmer, Esq.

(“Attorney Wimmer”), entered her appearance and currently represents

appellant on appeal. The PCRA court did not order appellant to file a concise

statement   of   errors   complained   of    on   appeal,   in   accordance   with

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).4


4 The record reflects that on June 13, 2011, appellant’s co-conspirator, Gray,
pled guilty at CP-51-CR-00015175-2008 to third-degree murder, robbery, and
related offenses. On July 8, 2011, a jury found appellant’s co-conspirator,
Harville, guilty of second-degree murder, burglary, and related offenses at
CP-51-CR-00012109-2008. Thereafter, on March 15, 2016, a panel of this
court affirmed the order dismissing Harville’s PCRA petition.             See
Commonwealth v. Harville, 144 A.3d 199 (Pa.Super. 2016) (unpublished
memorandum).


                                       -7-
J. S15043/18

       Appellant raises a litany of ineffective assistance of counsel claims for

our review. Specifically, appellant avers as follows:

             I.      Prior PCRA counsel was ineffective for failing to
                     raise in the amended PCRA petition that trial
                     counsel was ineffective for failing to investigate,
                     develop, and produce alibi evidence.

             II.     PCRA counsel was ineffective for failing to raise
                     in the amended PCRA petition that trial counsel
                     was ineffective for failing to question Appellant’s
                     character witnesses regarding his reputation for
                     truthfulness.

             III.    Trial counsel was ineffective for failing to
                     thoroughly cross-examine the state’s expert on
                     the reliability of the cell phone evidence.

             IV.     Trial counsel was ineffective for failing to call a
                     defense expert to dispute the Commonwealth's
                     cell phone evidence.

             V.      Trial counsel was ineffective for failing to
                     investigate co-conspirator, Robert Gray’s rental
                     vehicle.

             VI.     Trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object
                     to the prosecutor’s closing argument wherein he
                     referenced September 11, 2001.

Appellant’s brief at i-ii. Appellant further argues that the PCRA court denied

his   petition     without   conducting   an    evidentiary   hearing   on   all   the

aforementioned issues raised in his PCRA petition. (Id. at 3, ¶ II.)5




5 We recognize that Attorney Wimmer has properly briefed appellant’s layered
ineffectiveness claims by applying the three-prong ineffectiveness test to each
level of representation in accordance with Commonwealth v. Reid, 99 A.3d
470, 482 (Pa. 2014). (See appellant’s brief at 9-12, 14-15.)


                                          -8-
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      Proper appellate review of a PCRA court’s dismissal of a PCRA petition

is limited to the examination of “whether the PCRA court’s determination is

supported by the record and free of legal error.” Commonwealth v. Miller,

102 A.3d 988, 992 (Pa.Super. 2014) (citation omitted). “This Court grants

great deference to the findings of the PCRA court, and we will not disturb those

findings merely because the record could support a contrary holding.”

Commonwealth v. Hickman, 799 A.2d 136, 140 (Pa.Super. 2002) (citation

omitted). In order to be eligible for PCRA relief, a defendant must plead and

prove by a preponderance of the evidence that his conviction or sentence

arose from one or more of the errors listed at 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(2).

Further, these issues must be neither previously litigated nor waived.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(3).

      Appellant’s first six claims concern the effectiveness of his trial and/or

PCRA counsel. To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel under

the PCRA, a petitioner must establish the following three factors: “first[,] the

underlying claim has arguable merit; second, that counsel had no reasonable

basis for his action or inaction; and third, that Appellant was prejudiced.”

Commonwealth v. Charleston, 94 A.3d 1012, 1020 (Pa.Super. 2014)

(citation omitted), appeal denied, 104 A.3d 523 (Pa. 2014).

            [A] PCRA petitioner will be granted relief only when he
            proves, by a preponderance of the evidence, that his
            conviction or sentence resulted from the [i]neffective
            assistance of counsel which, in the circumstances of
            the    particular   case,     so    undermined        the
            truth-determining    process      that     no    reliable


                                      -9-
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              adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken
              place.

Commonwealth v. Spotz, 84 A.3d 294, 311 (Pa. 2014) (internal quotation

marks    omitted;     some   brackets    in    original),   citing   42   Pa.C.S.A.

§ 9543(a)(2)(ii).

      “[C]ounsel is presumed to be effective and the burden of demonstrating

ineffectiveness rests on appellant.”     Commonwealth v. Ousley, 21 A.3d

1238, 1242 (Pa.Super. 2011) (citation omitted), appeal denied, 30 A.3d 487

(Pa. 2011). Additionally, counsel is not ineffective for failing to raise a claim

that is devoid of merit. Commonwealth v. Ligons, 971 A.2d 1125, 1146

(Pa. 2009).

      Appellant first argues that PCRA counsel was ineffective for failing to

argue in the November 3, 2016 amended PCRA petition that trial counsel was

ineffective “for failing to investigate, develop, and produce alibi evidence.”

(Appellant’s brief at 8.) Specifically, appellant contends that trial counsel had

no strategic basis not to call Tiffany Mikell, appellant’s then-wife, as an alibi

witness at trial. (Id. at 9.) Appellant avers that Mikell “would have testified

that [a]ppellant was with her at their home in Delaware taking care of their

newborn child on the exact date and time of the incident.” (Id. at 9-10.) This

claim is meritless.

      A claim that counsel was ineffective for failing to investigate potential

witnesses or call them to testify at trial requires a petitioner to “establish that

the witness existed and was available, that counsel was informed of the


                                      - 10 -
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witness’ existence, that the witness was ready and willing to testify and that

the absence of the witness prejudiced the defendant to a point where the

defendant was denied a fair trial.” Commonwealth v. Moser, 921 A.2d 526,

531 (Pa.Super. 2007) (citation omitted).

      Here, PCRA counsel had a reasonable basis not to raise trial counsel’s

purported ineffectiveness for failing to call Mikell as an alibi witness at trial

because he was not aware of her existence at the time he filed the amended

PCRA petition on appellant’s behalf. The affidavit from Mikell that appellant

attached to his brief as “Appendix C” and upon which he bases his claim is

dated May 19, 2017, more than six weeks after the PCRA court dismissed

appellant’s PCRA petition.     (See appellant’s brief at 10; Appendix C.)

Additionally, neither appellant’s initial pro se PCRA petition, his March 3, 2017

response to the Rule 907 notice, nor his subsequent April 3 and 10, 2017

petitions specifically identify Mikell as an alibi witness. (See certified record

at nos. 39P, 42P, and 43P.) Moreover, although appellant avers that PCRA

counsel was made aware of trial counsel’s failure to interview Mikell as an alibi

witness via a March 6, 2017 letter, this letter is well beyond the date that

PCRA counsel filed the amended petition on appellant’s behalf, November 3,

2016, and contains no time-stamp or post-mark indicating it was received by

counsel. (See id. at 12; Appendix E.) Accordingly, appellant’s ineffectiveness

claim lacks arguable merit.




                                     - 11 -
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      Appellant next argues that PCRA counsel was ineffective for failing to

raise in the November 3, 2016 amended PCRA petition a claim that trial

counsel was ineffective “for failing to question [a]ppellant’s character

witnesses regarding his reputation for truthfulness.” (Appellant’s brief at 13.)

Appellant avers that this claim was properly preserved in his March 3, 2017

pro se response to the PCRA court’s Rule 907 notice. (Id. at n.2.) The record

belies this contention.

      Courts in this Commonwealth have long recognized that claims of PCRA

counsel’s purported ineffectiveness must be specifically raised in a response

to a Rule 907 notice or in a serial PCRA petition, or they are waived. See

Commonwealth v. Henkel, 90 A.3d 16, 29 (Pa.Super. 2014), appeal

denied, 101 A.3d 785 (Pa. 2014); see also Commonwealth v. Pitts, 981

A.2d 875, 879 n.3 (Pa. 2009) (holding that a petitioner waived any issue

pertaining to the adequacy of PCRA counsel’s representation where he failed

to raise it in his response to the PCRA court’s Rule 907 notice). Likewise,

arguments which are undeveloped and lack citation to the certified record are

waived. See Commonwealth v. Einhorn, 911 A.2d 960, 970 (Pa.Super.

2006), appeal denied, 920 A.2d 831 (Pa. 2007); see also Pa.R.A.P. 2119(c).

      Instantly, the record reveals that appellant’s pro se response to the

PCRA court’s Rule 907 notice makes no mention of trial counsel’s failure to

specifically question any witnesses with regard to appellant’s reputation for

truthfulness. (See Rule 907 response, 3/3/17 at ¶¶ 1-7.) Rather, appellant’s



                                     - 12 -
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argument on this issue is comprised primarily of boilerplate allegations of both

trial and PCRA counsel’s purported ineffective representation and does not

specifically identify the witnesses trial counsel failed to question. Accordingly,

appellant has waived this claim.6

      Appellant’s next two claims concern the cell phone evidence presented

at trial. Appellant contends that “trial counsel was ineffective for failing to

thoroughly cross examine the [Commonwealth’s] expert, [Special Agent

Shute] on the reliability of the cell phone evidence.” (Appellant’s brief at 16.)

Appellant further avers that trial counsel was ineffective “for failing to call a

defense expert to dispute the Commonwealth’s cell phone evidence.” (Id. at

19.) For the following reasons, we disagree.

      Here, the PCRA court comprehensively discussed these ineffectiveness

claims in its March 30, 2017 opinion and found that they were either meritless

and/or appellant’s trial counsel had a reasonable strategic basis for his

decisions. Specifically, the PCRA court concluded as follows:

            [Appellant] contends that trial counsel was ineffective
            for failing to investigate and call an additional expert
            witness to rebut the Commonwealth cell phone tower
            analysis evidence and further failed to challenge

6 Moreover, even if appellant had properly preserved this claim, we find that
he has failed to show prejudice. “To establish . . . the prejudice element, the
petitioner must show that there is a reasonable probability that the outcome
of the proceedings would have been different but for counsel’s action or
inaction.” Commonwealth v. Roney, 79 A.3d 595, 604 (Pa. 2013), cert.
denied, 135 S.Ct. 56 (2014). A boilerplate or bald allegation of prejudice, as
is the case here, “cannot satisfy a[n appellant’s] burden to prove that counsel
was ineffective.” Commonwealth v. Chmiel, 30 A.3d 1111, 1128 (Pa. 2011)
(citations omitted).


                                     - 13 -
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          expert witness [Agent Shute’s] credentials. The mere
          failure to call an expert rebuttal witness is not per se
          ineffectiveness, and counsel need not introduce such
          expert if he effectively cross[-]examines the
          Commonwealth’s witnesses and elicits helpful
          testimony.       Trial counsel will not be deemed
          ineffective for failing to call a medical, forensic, or
          scientific expert merely to critically evaluate expert
          testimony that was presented by the prosecution.

          Agent Shute testified that [appellant’s] cell phone was
          near the scene of the crime based on cellular tower
          analysis. While trial counsel employed this data to
          challenge the Commonwealth’s theory of the case,
          [appellant] claims that his investigation of the
          underlying scientific reliability of the evidence was
          deficient, resulting in prejudice.         In support,
          [appellant] cites a study by telecommunications
          expert Manfred Schenk, who concludes that a single
          cell phone tower can only isolate a person’s location
          within a 418 square mile range, and that any more
          specific location drawn from the data is nothing more
          than mere conjecture. [Appellant] further contends
          that trial counsel failed to investigate Pisano’s,
          Harville’s, and Gray’s phones to determine whether or
          not the evidence was corroborated.           [Appellant]
          alleges that adequate investigation would have
          revealed that Harville’s phone was not in contact with
          [appellant’s] phone at the time of the incident, and
          failure to determine whether other phones were in the
          area prevented trial counsel from developing theories
          that unidentified third parties may have been
          responsible for the murder.

          Trial counsel's cross[-]examination of Agent Shute
          was an effective attempt to cast doubt on the veracity
          of his findings. Trial counsel elicited that Agent Shute
          could not attribute [appellant] to any phone recovered
          in this matter, and that the records appeared to show
          that the two phones that called each other at the time
          of the shooting both belonged to Gray. [(Notes of
          testimony], 8/13/13 at 197-200.[)] Shute further
          acknowledged that he did not investigate Harville’s or
          Pisano’s phones, and in fact never heard Harville’s


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            name before trial. [(]Id. at 201-203.[)] This line of
            questioning is consistent with [appellant’s] theory, as
            presented at trial, that Gray and Harville acted in
            concert, without [appellant’s] involvement.

            [Appellant] fails to meet his burden with respect to
            the second prong of his argument. [Appellant] does
            not present any evidence from Pisano’s, Harville’s, or
            Gray’s phones that contradict the evidence compiled
            by Agent Shute. To suggest that those phones may
            contain contrary evidence is mere conjecture.

PCRA court opinion, 3/30/17 at 11-13 (case citations omitted).

       We have reviewed the record in its entirety and have considered the

merit of appellant’s arguments.    Following our careful consideration of the

record, including the briefs of the parties and the applicable law, we find that

the PCRA court’s conclusions are supported by competent evidence and are

clearly free of legal error. Accordingly, we adopt the aforementioned analysis

of the PCRA court as our own with respect to these ineffectiveness claims.

       Appellant next argues that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to

conduct an investigation of the rental vehicle that appellant’s co-conspirators,

Gray and Harville, drove on the day of Pisano’s murder. (Appellant’s brief at

24.)    Appellant maintains that this vehicle may have contained “DNA,

fingerprints, and other forensic material that could have exonerated

[a]ppellant by demonstrating he was never inside the vehicle[,]” and that

“[trial] counsel had no reasonable basis for failing to investigate this

potentially exculpatory evidence.” (Id.) We disagree.




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      As noted, in order to be entitled to relief under the PCRA, appellant must

establish that the ineffective assistance of counsel “so undermined the truth-

determining process that no reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence could

have taken place.”    Spotz, 84 A.3d at 311.     Our supreme court has long

recognized that “ineffectiveness of counsel claims may not be raised in a

vacuum.”    Commonwealth v. Morris, 684 A.2d 1037, 1045 (Pa. 1996)

(citations omitted), cert. denied, 521 U.S. 1106 (1997). “A determination of

ineffectiveness cannot be based on conjecture concerning alleged physical

evidence that[,]” as is the case here, “has never been admitted into evidence.”

Id. (emphasis added).     In the instant matter, appellant’s claim is wholly

speculative and there is no basis for the PCRA court to deduce that trial

counsel’s purported oversight “so undermined the truth-determining process

that no reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken place.”

Spotz, 84 A.3d at 311; see also 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(2)(ii). Accordingly,

appellant’s ineffectiveness claim must fail.

      Appellant next argues that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to

object to comments the prosecutor made during his closing argument that

referenced the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.       (Appellant’s brief at

25.) Specifically, Assistant District Attorney Richard Sax (“ADA Sax”) made

the following brief comments during his closing statement which appellant now

challenges on appeal:

            Sometimes beyond a reasonable doubt is like a jigsaw
            puzzle. So all these pieces you don’t look at one piece.


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            Let’s say this was a jigsaw puzzle of like the Eiffel
            Tower or The World Trade Center with like two planes
            you know two big holes in it and one plane going in.
            But there was a piece missing from the lower floors
            here or from over here with the piece missing that
            showed one of bodies throwing themselves out of the
            building. Imagine somebody telling you that that’s
            not The World Trade Center on the day of September
            11th 2001 or that’s not the Eiffel Tower because
            there’s a piece over here. No.

            If every corner and house had video, yeah, there’s
            [appellant]. What you saw and what you heard and
            what was corroborated beyond all doubt if you use
            your common sense.

Notes of testimony, 8/15/13, at 180-181.

      Appellant argues that ADA Sax’s comments were “innately prejudicial

and constituted prosecutorial misconduct” given appellant’s Muslim heritage

and that trial counsel’s failure to object on this basis entitles him to a new

trial. (Appellant’s brief at 27-28.) We disagree.

      “Our standard of review for a claim of prosecutorial misconduct is limited

to whether the trial court abused its discretion.” Commonwealth v. Harris,

884 A.2d 920, 927 (Pa.Super. 2005), appeal denied, 928 A.2d 1289 (Pa.

2007) (citations omitted). Not every unwise remark on a prosecutor’s part,

however, constitutes reversible error. Id. “Prosecutorial misconduct occurs

when the effect of the prosecutor’s comments would be to prejudice the trier

of fact, forming in its mind fixed bias and hostility toward the defendant so

that it could not weigh the evidence objectively and render a true verdict.”




                                    - 17 -
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Commonwealth v. Duffy, 832 A.2d 1132, 1137 (Pa.Super. 2003), appeal

denied, 845 A.2d 816 (Pa. 2004).

            Counsel[’s] remarks to the jury may contain fair
            deductions and legitimate inferences from the
            evidence presented during the testimony.           The
            prosecutor may always argue to the jury that the
            evidence establishes the defendant’s guilt, although a
            prosecutor may not offer his personal opinion as to
            the guilt of the accused either in argument or in
            testimony from the witness stand. Nor may he or she
            express a personal belief and opinion as to the truth
            or falsity of evidence of defendant’s guilt, including
            the credibility of a witness.

Commonwealth v. Chmiel, 777 A.2d 459, 466 (Pa.Super. 2001), appeal

denied, 788 A.2d 372 (Pa. 2001), cert. denied, 535 U.S. 1059 (2002).

      Following our careful review, we agree with the PCRA court that

ADA Sax’s comments, when read as a whole, were not so prejudicial as to

warrant that a new trial be granted. “A petitioner establishes prejudice when

he demonstrates that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s

unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.”

Commonwealth v. Johnson, 966 A.2d 523, 533 (Pa. 2009) (citations and

internal quotation marks omitted). “[A] prosecutor is permitted fairly wide

latitude in advocating for the Commonwealth, including the right to argue all

fair conclusions from the evidence, to respond to defense arguments, and to

engage in a certain degree of oratorical flair.” Harris, 884 A.2d at 931. All

such comments must be reviewed in the context in which they were made.

Commonwealth v. Robinson, 877 A.2d 433, 441 (Pa. 2005).



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      Here, the record reflects that ADA Sax’s reference to planes striking the

World Trade Center, while arguably tactless, was not the type of comment

that would cause the jury to form a fixed bias or hostility towards appellant

and prevent it from rendering a fair and impartial verdict. Rather, we agree

with the PCRA court that ADA Sax’s comments were “a vivid, if imprecise,

explanation of the nature of circumstantial evidence” and were a fair response

to trial counsel’s prior inference that appellant cannot be found guilty because

he did not appear in any of the video surveillance footage of the incident.

(See PCRA court opinion, 3/30/17 at 16, citing notes of testimony, 8/15/13

at 153.) Accordingly, appellant’s trial counsel had no basis upon which to

object and appellant’s underlying ineffectiveness claim must fail.          See

Commonwealth v. Rivera, 816 A.2d 282, 292 (Pa.Super. 2003) (stating, “it

is axiomatic that . . . counsel will not be considered ineffective for failing to

pursue meritless claims.”), appeal denied, 828 A.2d 350 (Pa. 2003).

      Lastly, appellant contends, albeit parenthetically, that the PCRA court

erred in dismissing his PCRA petition without conducting an evidentiary

hearing on all the aforementioned issues raised in his PCRA petition.

(Appellant’s brief at 3, ¶ II.) We disagree.

      This court has long recognized that there is no absolute right to an

evidentiary hearing. Commonwealth v. Hart, 911 A.2d 939, 941 (Pa.Super.

2006) (citation omitted). “It is within the PCRA court’s discretion to decline

to hold a hearing if the petitioner’s claim is patently frivolous and has no



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support either in the record or other evidence.” Commonwealth v. Wah, 42

A.3d 335, 338 (Pa.Super. 2012) (citations omitted). When the PCRA court

denies a petition without an evidentiary hearing, we “examine each issue

raised in the PCRA petition in light of the record certified before it in order to

determine if the PCRA court erred in its determination that there were no

genuine issues of material fact in controversy and in denying relief without

conducting an evidentiary hearing.” Commonwealth v. Khalifah, 852 A.2d

1238, 1240 (Pa.Super. 2004).

      As   discussed,   there   was    no      merit   to   appellant’s   underlying

ineffectiveness claims. Accordingly, we discern no error on the part of the

PCRA court in dismissing appellant’s petition without conducting an

evidentiary hearing.

      For all the foregoing reasons, we affirm the March 30, 2017 order of the

PCRA court.

      Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary


Date: 6/1/18




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