                                  United States Court of Appeals,

                                          Eleventh Circuit.

                                            No. 96-2306.

                  Dwayne HAWKINS, Millard G. Ripley, Plaintiffs-Appellants,

                                                  v.

                        FORD MOTOR COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee.

                                           March 2, 1998.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. (No. 95-55-CIV-T-
21-E), Ralphb W. Nimmons, Jr., Judge.

Before BIRCH, Circuit Judge, FAY, Senior Circuit Judge, and COHILL*, Senior District Judge.

       PER CURIAM:

       CERTIFICATION FROM THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT TO THE SUPREME COURT OF FLORIDA PURSUANT TO ARTICLE

5, SECTION 3(b)(6) OF THE FLORIDA CONSTITUTION.

       TO THE SUPREME COURT OF FLORIDA AND ITS HONORABLE JUSTICES:

       This case comes to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit on appeal

from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. Because this case presents

unresolved questions of Florida law that are determinative of this appeal, we defer our decision

pending certification of several issues posed by the parties to the Supreme Court of Florida. See

Gossard v. Adia Services, Inc., 120 F.3d 1229, 1230 (11th Cir.1997).1 Therefore, we certify the


   *
   Honorable Maurice B. Cohill, Jr., Senior U.S. District Judge for the Western District of
Pennsylvania, sitting by designation.
   1
    The present case was consolidated on appeal with Morse v. Ford Motor Co., Case No. 96-
3633, also on appeal from the Middle District of Florida. With respect to the issues of law
central to this case and on substantially similar facts, the district court judges came to opposite
following question of law, based on the background recited below, to the Supreme Court of Florida

for instruction.

                                            I. FACTS

        This case arose from the attempt of plaintiffs, Dwayne Hawkins and Millard G. Ripley, to

purchase all the stock from the owners of a company, Wilson Davis Ford, Inc., which operated as

a motor vehicle dealer under a franchise agreement with Ford Motor Company ("Ford"), a motor

vehicle manufacturer. The sellers of this stock gave notice of an intent to transfer ownership

pursuant to Fla. Stat. § 320.643, and Wilson Davis Ford, Inc. gave notice of an intent to change its

executive management pursuant to Fla. Stat. § 320.644, from the sellers, Davis and Bodiford, to the

proposed purchasers of the stock, Hawkins and Ripley. Ford responded to this notice by filing a

verified complaint with the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles ("DHSMV")

opposing both the proposed transfer under section 320.643 and the proposed change of management

under section 320.644.

        With respect to its opposition to the proposed transfer of stock, Ford's complaint alleged

several deficiencies in the financial qualifications of Hawkins and Ripley and several performance

deficiencies of a Lincoln-Mercury dealership in which Hawkins had an ownership interest; these

deficiencies, according to Ford, rendered Hawkins ineligible to meet Ford's reasonable standards for

executive management. With respect to the proposed change of management, Ford's complaint

alleged these same deficiencies.

        Following the filing of Ford's complaint in the DHSMV, the contract to sell the stock was

terminated and the administrative proceeding was dismissed as moot. Plaintiffs subsequently




conclusions. Due to a settlement agreement between the parties, the appeal in Morse was
dismissed prior to this court's certification.
brought this action in federal district court and alleged, inter alia, that Ford had violated Fla. Stat.

§ 320.643, in opposing the transfer of equity to Hawkins and Ripley by means of a complaint that

was facially deficient.

                                         II. CONTENTIONS

        Hawkins and Ripley submit that by its express provisions, notwithstanding the terms of a

franchise agreement, Fla. Stat. § 320.643(2)(a) governs the prospective transfer of shares in a motor

vehicle dealership. Under this section, according to the plaintiffs, Ford could object to such a

transfer only on the basis that the proposed transferee was not of good moral character. Ford's

verified complaint did not allege that either Hawkins or Ripley was not of good moral character.

Consequently, because Ford's complaint did not oppose the transfer on grounds permitted by section

320.643(2)(a), Ford's complaint was facially insufficient and Ford's opposition was in violation of

the statute.

        Ford argues that in the case of a proposed complete transfer of equity interest leading also

to a change of executive management, the practical effect of such a transfer will be the transfer of

the franchise agreement. Ford suggests that the Florida Dealer Act read as a whole, giving full effect

to all statutory provisions, permits consideration of business qualifications as well as moral character

of a proposed transferee where the proposal at issue is to transfer 100% of the stock to a third party.

Ford further urges that a proposed transfer of a franchise agreement is regulated by the terms of Fla.

Stat. § 320.643(1), under which a manufacturer may object to a proposed transfer on grounds that

the transferee is not financially qualified or does not meet a manufacturer's uniformly applied

reasonable standards or qualifications with respect to executive management. Consequently, Ford

contends that it properly could object to the management experience and financial qualifications of

Hawkins and Ripley, as it did in its verified complaint to the DHSMV.
       In the trial court in this case, the district court agreed with Ford and held as a matter of law

that "when transfer of 100% of stock is contemplated, the provisions regarding transfer of a

franchise agreement and change in executive management control should apply." The district court

reached the opposite legal conclusion with respect to Morse, however, and determined that only

section 320.643(2)(a) applies to the proposed transfer of 100% of the stock and, as a result, that only

moral character may be considered as grounds for an objection to such a transfer.

                               III. QUESTION TO BE CERTIFIED

       Does Fla. Stat. § 320.643(2)(a) provide the exclusive basis for objection by a motor vehicle
       manufacturer to the proposed transfer of all the equity in interest in a motor vehicle
       dealership?

       Our statement of the question to be certified is intended as a guide and is not meant to restrict

the scope of inquiry by the Supreme Court of Florida. The entire record of this case, together with

copies of the briefs, shall be transmitted to the court.

       QUESTION CERTIFIED.
