                          This opinion will be unpublished and
                          may not be cited except as provided by
                          Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

                               STATE OF MINNESOTA
                               IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                     A16-0505

                                     Yitagesu Wolde,
                                         Relator,

                                           vs.

                        Minnesota Department of Veterans Affairs,
                                     Respondent,

                 Department of Employment and Economic Development,
                                     Respondent

                                Filed December 19, 2016
                                       Affirmed
                                     Worke, Judge

                  Department of Employment and Economic Development
                                  File No. 33995514-4

Yitagesu Wolde, St. Paul, Minnesota (pro se relator)

Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota (attorney for respondent employer
Minnesota Department of Veterans Affairs)

Lee B. Nelson, Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development, St.
Paul, Minnesota (for respondent department)

         Considered and decided by Worke, Presiding Judge; Stauber, Judge; and Bratvold,

Judge.
                         UNPUBLISHED OPINION

WORKE, Judge

       Relator challenges an unemployment-law judge’s (ULJ) decision that he is

ineligible for unemployment benefits because he was discharged for the employment

misconduct of failing to accept shifts and failing to show up for a shift. We affirm.

                                          FACTS

       In March 2015, respondent-employer Minnesota Department of Veterans Affairs

(MDVA) extended an offer of employment as an intermittent food service worker to relator

Yitagesu Wolde. Intermittent was defined as “an employee who works an irregular and

uncertain schedule which alternately begins, ceases and begins again as the needs of the

agency require.” Wolde was informed that his position required regular attendance,

advanced notice for absence, flexibility, acceptance of work assignments as needed, and

accurate completion of payroll time reports.

       Wolde worked an average of 32 hours per week until May 18, 2015, when he was

injured at work. Wolde received medical documentation that he could return to work

unrestricted on July 24. Wolde returned to work on July 30. After Wolde returned to work,

he declined offered shifts and he failed to show up for a shift on September 19 that he

agreed to work. On September 25, 2015, MDVA discharged Wolde because he made

himself available to work only half of the shifts that were offered to him.

       At a hearing before a ULJ, MDVA submitted Wolde’s time sheets that showed

notations that he declined 6 offers to work in August, declined 12 offers to work in

September, and failed to show on September 19. Wolde testified that he did not decline


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offered shifts and worked when he agreed to work. Wolde asserted that he was not offered

shifts after his injury because MDVA believed that he was no longer productive.

       The ULJ found that Wolde’s behavior of declining shifts for unknown reasons and

failing to show up for a shift that he agreed to work amounted to employment misconduct

making him ineligible for unemployment benefits.          The ULJ found the employer’s

witnesses more credible than Wolde because their testimony was “direct, straightforward,

and plausible.” Wolde requested reconsideration, challenging several of the ULJ’s factual

findings. The ULJ affirmed the decision. Wolde petitioned for a writ of certiorari.

                                     DECISION

       We may affirm, modify, or reverse the decision of the ULJ or remand the case for

further proceedings if the substantial rights of the relator may have been prejudiced because

the findings, inferences, or decision are unsupported by substantial evidence in the record,

or are arbitrary or capricious. Minn. Stat. § 268.105, subd. 7(d)(5)-(6) (Supp. 2015).

       The ULJ found that Wolde was discharged for employment misconduct. Whether

an employee committed misconduct is a mixed question of fact and law. Schmidgall v.

FilmTec Corp., 644 N.W.2d 801, 804 (Minn. 2002). “Whether the employee committed a

particular act is a question of fact.” Skarhus v. Davanni’s Inc., 721 N.W.2d 340, 344

(Minn. App. 2006). But whether an employee’s act constitutes disqualifying misconduct

is a question of law, which we review de novo. Schmidgall, 644 N.W.2d at 804.

       We view the ULJ’s factual findings in the light most favorable to the decision and

will not disturb them provided that substantial evidence sustains them. Rowan v. Dream

It, Inc., 812 N.W.2d 879, 882 (Minn. App. 2012). Substantial evidence is “(1) such


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relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion;

(2) more than a scintilla of evidence; (3) more than some evidence; (4) more than any

evidence; or (5) the evidence considered in its entirety.” Minn. Ctr. for Envtl. Advocacy v.

Minn. Pollution Control Agency, 644 N.W.2d 457, 466 (Minn. 2002).               “Credibility

determinations are the exclusive province of the ULJ . . . .” Skarhus, 721 N.W.2d at 345.

       The ULJ found that Wolde was discharged for the employment misconduct of

failing to accept shifts and failing to show up for a shift he agreed to work. Employment

misconduct is “any intentional, negligent, or indifferent conduct, on the job or off the job

that displays clearly . . . a serious violation of the standards of behavior the employer has

the right to reasonably expect of the employee.” Minn. Stat. § 268.095, subd. 6(a)(1)

(2014). An employee discharged for employment misconduct is ineligible to receive

unemployment benefits. Id., subd. 4(1) (2014).

       “As a general rule, refusing to abide by an employer’s reasonable policies and

requests amounts to disqualifying misconduct.” Schmidgall, 644 N.W.2d at 804. “This is

particularly true when there are multiple violations of the same rule involving warnings or

progressive discipline.” Id. at 806-07. An employer also has a right to “establish and

enforce reasonable work rules relating to absenteeism.” Jones v. Rosemount, Inc., 361

N.W.2d 118, 120 (Minn. App. 1985). Additionally, an “employer has a right to expect an

employee to work when scheduled.” Del Dee Foods, Inc. v. Miller, 390 N.W.2d 415, 417

(Minn. App. 1986) (quotation omitted). “[A] single absence from work may constitute

misconduct when an employee has not actually received permission to be absent.” Id.




                                             4
       At the hearing before the ULJ, a witness for MDVA testified that intermittent

employees are “very necessary” to its operation and that, on average, an intermittent

employee works 20 hours per week and is expected to respond to 60-70% of assignment

offers. Wolde declined so many offers that MDVA determined that he was not meeting its

needs and on August 20, 2015, put Wolde on notice that he needed to pick up more shifts.

Wolde continued to decline shifts, but finally agreed to work on September 19 and signed

a shift pick-up form. Wolde failed to show up on September 19 or call to report his absence.

       Wolde’s refusal to abide by MDVA’s reasonable policy that he pick up shifts as an

on-call employee is employment misconduct making Wolde ineligible for unemployment

benefits. This is especially true when MDVA’s representatives met with Wolde to discuss

his unavailability and put him on notice that he was expected to pick up shifts. Moreover,

MDVA had a right to expect Wolde to work on September 19, and this single absence

constitutes misconduct.

       Wolde argues that the ULJ “erred in finding that on August 20 . . . [Wolde] met with

[his employer] to discuss . . . his worker’s compensation and refused to work his shift.” A

witness for MDVA testified that there was a meeting with Wolde on August 20 to discuss

how he was not meeting the employer’s needs and he was put on notice that he was

expected to pick up shifts. Wolde agreed that there was a meeting on August 20, but

claimed that it was to discuss his injury. The ULJ found that Wolde was told on August

20 that he was expected to pick up additional shifts, but continued to decline shifts. The

ULJ found MDVA’s witness credible. We defer to the ULJ’s credibility determinations.

See Skarhus, 721 N.W.2d at 345.


                                             5
       Wolde also argues that the ULJ “erred in finding that [Wolde] willfully refused to

work [on] August 20.” But the only controversy regarding August 20 was the nature of

the meeting. Wolde may be referring to September 19, when he failed to show for a shift

he agreed to work. The record supports the ULJ’s finding that Wolde did not work on

September 19.

       Wolde did not report working September 19 on his time sheet. Wolde claims that,

although he generally self-reported hours on his time sheet, in this particular instance, his

supervisor reported Wolde’s hours and failed to include September 19. The ULJ did not

find Wolde credible. Additionally, at the hearing when Wolde questioned MDVA’s

witness about his absence on September 19, he seemed to indicate that he should have

received a warning for his absence rather than it being used as a basis to discharge him.

Moreover, there is a document in the record entitled “Unemployment Insurance Request

for Information” dated October 28, 2015. Respondent Department of Employment and

Economic Development requested additional information from Wolde, including his

employment end date. Wolde wrote “09/18/2015.” If Wolde worked on September 19, he

would not have indicated that his last date of employment was the previous day.

       Wolde also argues that he did not make himself available for work because he was

asked to work on his days off. But Wolde did not have a regular schedule or days off. He

was an intermittent/on-call employee who was expected to pick up shifts that regular

employees could not work. The record supports the ULJ’s decision that Wolde was

discharged for employment misconduct and is ineligible for unemployment benefits.

       Affirmed.


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