                              Fourth Court of Appeals
                                     San Antonio, Texas
                                 MEMORANDUM OPINION
                                        No. 04-14-00491-CV

                             William M. COLLINS and Patricia Collins,
                                          Appellants

                                                  v.
                                   Dr. Oliver WILLIAMS Appellee
                                       Dr. Oliver WILLIAMS,
                                               Appellee

                    From the 216th Judicial District Court, Gillespie County, Texas
                                       Trial Court No. 13648
                           Honorable N. Keith Williams, Judge Presiding

Opinion by:       Marialyn Barnard, Justice

Sitting:          Karen Angelini, Justice
                  Marialyn Barnard, Justice
                  Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice

Delivered and Filed: May 6, 2015

AFFIRMED

           William and Patricia Collins appeal the trial court’s order striking their pleadings and

entering a take nothing judgment. The pleadings were stricken as a sanction for appellants’ failure

to timely respond to discovery after the trial court entered a prior order granting a motion to

compel. On appeal, the appellants contend the trial court abused its discretion by: (1) granting

“death penalty’ sanctions; and (2) previously ordering the appellants to pay a $300.00 sanction.

We affirm the trial court’s order.
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                                          BACKGROUND

       The appellants initially filed a lawsuit against the appellee, Dr. Oliver Williams, in

September of 2011, asserting claims relating to a joint venture formed to improve real property.

On October 30, 2013, the trial court dismissed that lawsuit for want of prosecution. Five days

later, the appellants refiled the lawsuit on November 4, 2013.

       On November 27, 2013, Williams served discovery on the appellants. The discovery

included a request for production. Although the appellants filed a motion for protective order

regarding the discovery, the appellants never set their motion for a hearing.

       On January 17, 2014, Williams filed a motion to compel answers to discovery and a motion

for a protective order against discovery propounded by the appellants. The trial court signed an

order on February 19, 2014, setting the motions filed by Williams for a hearing to be held on

March 10, 2014. At the hearing, the trial court also considered the motion for protective order

filed by the appellants. After the hearing, the trial court signed an order denying the appellants’

motion for protective order but granting Williams’s motion to compel. The order required the

appellants to serve their responses to Williams’s request for production by April 1, 2014. The

order also required appellants and their attorney to pay Williams’s “reasonable attorney’s fees in

the amount of $300.00 incurred in the preparation of and hearing of [Williams’s] Motion to

Compel Answers to Discovery.” The order required the $300.00 to be paid by May 10, 2014.

       On April 1, 2014, the parties entered into a Rule 11 agreement, extending the deadline for

the discovery responses to April 4, 2014. On April 4, 2014, appellants served Williams’s attorney

with a response to the request for production. Although the response stated the appellants were

providing “the attached documents,” no documents were attached. Williams’s attorney asked the

secretary who delivered the response about the absence of the documents, and the secretary stated

she did not have any documents. Williams’s attorney wrote, signed, and dated a note at the bottom
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of the response stating that no documents were attached, and he gave a copy of the note to the

secretary.

       On May 19, 2014, Williams filed a motion to strike the appellants’ pleadings, asserting no

documents were attached to the discovery response served on April 4, 2014, and appellants’ and

their attorney also failed to pay the $300.00 sanction. The motion contained a certificate of service

stating the motion was mailed to appellants’ attorney on May 19, 2014. On May 28, 2014, the

trial court signed an order setting the motion to strike for a hearing to be held on June 9, 2014.

       On June 4, 2014, appellants served Williams’s attorney with another response to the request

for production which contained twenty-eight requests. The response stated, “Plaintiff, Bill Collins,

provides the attached documents to the Request for Production and Inspection of Documents” and

handwritten at the bottom of the page was “Document Sections: #1, #2, #3, #5, #6, #9, #11, #12,

#16 and #28.” This handwritten note did not appear on the first response served on April 4, 2014.

       On June 5, 2014, the appellants filed an objection to Williams’s motion to strike, asserting

appellants’ attorney “was unaware until advised of a court setting that the documents were not

delivered to Defendant.” The objection further stated, “The attorney’s fees have not been paid by

Plaintiffs because of the health problems of Plaintiff Bill Collins, and the personal situation of

Plaintiff’s counsel.”

       At the hearing on Williams’s motion to strike, Williams’s attorney noted the prior lawsuit

was dismissed for want of prosecution. Williams’s attorney also noted that the response to the

request for production served on June 4, 2014, still failed to comply with the discovery rules.

Williams’s attorney further noted that the $300.00 sanction had not been paid.

       The appellants’ attorney responded the $300.00 sanction had not been paid because he

believed the appellants were sanctioned for requesting a protective order, and he intended to appeal



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the sanction. 1 The appellants’ attorney also stated that his secretary did not show him the note

William’s attorney had written on the first response, and he only discovered the documents were

not delivered upon his receipt of the trial court’s order setting the motion to strike for a hearing.

The appellants’ attorney stated the secretary was given “an entire stack of documents to hand-

deliver,” and he believed she had delivered the documents.

         At the conclusion of hearing the trial court granted the motion to strike. The trial court’s

order contained findings of fact and conclusions of law, and the appellants timely appealed the

order.

                               STANDARD OF REVIEW AND APPLICABLE LAW

         We review a trial court’s ruling on a motion for discovery sanctions under an abuse of

discretion standard. Cire v. Cummings, 134 S.W.3d 835, 838 (Tex. 2004). A trial court abuses its

discretion if it acts without reference to any guiding rules and principles, and a trial court’s ruling

should only be reversed if it was arbitrary or unreasonable. Id. at 838-39.

         “Our discovery rules provide a variety of sanctions for discovery abuse.” Paradigm Oil,

Inc. v. Retamco Operating, Inc., 372 S.W.3d 177, 184 (Tex. 2012); see generally TEX. R. CIV. P.

215. “Sanctions are used to assure compliance with discovery and deter those who might be

tempted to abuse discovery in the absence of a deterrent.” Cire, 134 S.W.3d at 839.

         Any sanction imposed by a trial court must be “just,” and the Texas Supreme Court has

identified two factors that “mark the bounds of a ‘just’ sanction.” Paradigm Oil, Inc., 372 S.W.3d

at 184. “First, a direct relationship between the offensive conduct and the sanction imposed must

exist.” Id. “Second, the sanction imposed must not be excessive.” Id. “The most extreme

sanctions are also limited by due process considerations.” Id. “Thus, a death-penalty sanction


1
  We note this statement is inconsistent with the reason given in the objection appellants filed in response to the motion
to strike.

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cannot be used to adjudicate the merits of claims or defenses unless the offending party’s conduct

during discovery justified the presumption that its claims or defenses lack merit.” Id. “[I]f a party

refuses to produce material evidence, despite the imposition of lesser sanctions, the court may

presume that an asserted claim or defense lacks merit and dispose of it.” TransAmerican Natural

Gas Corp. v. Powell, 811 S.W.2d 913, 918 (Tex. 1991).

                                              $300.00 SANCTION

         In their second issue, appellants contend the trial court abused its discretion in ordering

them and their attorney to pay $300.00 as a sanction in the initial order granting Williams’s motion

to compel. Appellants mistakenly believe they were sanctioned for seeking a protective order.

The trial court’s order, however, clearly states that the $300.00 sanction represented the reasonable

attorney’s fees Williams incurred in the preparation of and hearing of his motion to compel. Rule

215.2(b)(8) permits a trial court to sanction a party who fails to comply with proper discovery

requests by requiring the disobedient party and the attorney advising him to pay reasonable

expenses, including attorney’s fees. TEX. R. CIV. P. 215.2(b)(8); see also Cire, 134 S.W.3d at 839

(listing available sanctions for failure to comply with a discovery request); Khan v. Valliani, 439

S.W.3d 528, 533 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, no pet.) (stating trial court may order

attorney’s fees as a sanction for failing to comply with proper discovery request). Accordingly,

the trial court acted in accordance with the guiding rules and principles in imposing the $300.00

sanction. 2




2
 Appellants’ brief states the $300.00 sanction “was withdrawn, and the death penalty sanctions the subject of this
appeal were substituted in its place.” The trial court’s final order, however, grants Williams a judgment against the
appellants “in the amount of $300.00 representing the attorney’s fees the [appellants] were ordered to pay to
Defendant’s attorney on or before May 10, 2014.”

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                                       “DEATH PENALTY” SANCTIONS

         In their first issue, appellants contend that trial court abused its discretion in imposing

“death penalty” sanctions because their only violation of the discovery rules was the result of an

“administrative error.” In their brief, appellants assert the error was not discovered until their

attorney received the motion to strike on May 23, 2014. 3                     Appellants further assert, “The

administrative error on the response to the request for production was essentially concealed from

[appellants’] counsel, by actions of the temporary help in quitting without notice, and without

advising counsel of the problem, and the actions of Defendant’s counsel in keeping quiet, and not

even calling or writing [appellants’] counsel a letter to give him notice.” Finally, appellants assert

the response that was ultimately served contained “no substantive error” or “substantive

compliance issue.”

         At a sanctions hearing, the trial court is entitled to judge the credibility and weight of the

evidence. See JNS Enter., Inc. v. Dixie Demolition, LLC, 430 S.W.3d 444, 454-55 (Tex. App.—

Austin 2013, no pet.). In this case, the procedural history of the case could have caused the trial

court to question whether an “administrative error” occurred. 4 Even if the trial court believed such

an error did occur, the trial court also was required to consider whether the response filed before

the hearing on the motion to strike complied with the discovery rules. Although appellants assert

in their brief that the response contained “no substantive error,” Williams’s attorney noted the

inadequacy of the response at the hearing, arguing:

                And, of course, the Court and the Plaintiffs’ attorney, who is a well-
         seasoned trial attorney, knows that under Rule 196 the response to the request for
         production either — you either state your objections, that the documents are
         complying with the request and the documents are attached, or you — as to those

3
  We note this statement is inconsistent with the statement by appellants’ attorney at the hearing that he was unaware
of the error until he received the trial court’s order setting the motion for a hearing.
4
  For example, the trial court was required to weigh the handwritten note on the June 4, 2014, response, identifying
the requests for which documents were attached, which was absent from the April 4, 2014 response.

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       you’re not producing any documentation for, you’re to identify or indicate that there
       aren’t any items that have been identified after there’s been a diligent search.
                So even after all of this time, which is more than six months after the request
       for production was sent to the Plaintiffs’ attorney, we still do not have a proper
       response, and I feel that, as I mentioned before, the Court had imposed lesser
       sanctions on March the 10th and the order still has not been complied with. We
       still have not received the $300, in addition, and we feel that the sanctions are
       appropriate that the Court would strike the pleadings of the Plaintiffs.
                Judge, I also want to point out that under Rule 215, that it states that “For
       purposes of this” subsection, “an evasive or incomplete answer is to be treated as a
       failure to answer.”

See TEX. R. CIV. P. 196.2(b)(4) (providing responding party must state, as appropriate that “no

items have been identified — after a diligent search — that are responsive to the request”); TEX.

R. CIV. P. 215.1(c) (providing “evasive or incomplete answer is to be treated as a failure to

answer”).

       In deciding to grant the motion to strike, the trial court considered that a prior lawsuit filed

by the appellants asserting the same claims was pending for two years before it was dismissed for

want of prosecution.      After the first hearing regarding appellants’ failure to comply with

Williams’s discovery request, the trial court imposed a lesser sanction, requiring appellants and

their attorney to pay a $300.00 sanction. Even if the trial court believed appellants’ attorney was

unaware that the documents were not delivered pursuant to the trial court’s order granting the

motion to compel, appellants concede in their brief that their attorney knew on May 23, 2014, that

the documents were not delivered. However, the documents still were not delivered until June 4,

2014, which was twelve days after the attorney had notice, seven days after the trial court signed

an order setting the motion to strike for a hearing, and five days before the hearing. Furthermore,

the trial court found the response that was finally served still did not comply with the discovery

rules. Finally, appellants and their attorney never paid the $300.00 sanction. Given the procedural

history of the case, and the trial court’s prior imposition of lesser sanctions, we hold the trial court

did not abuse its discretion in granting the motion to strike.
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                                       CONCLUSION

The trial court’s order is affirmed.

                                            Marialyn Barnard, Justice




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