[Cite as State v. Palacios, 2018-Ohio-3523.]


STATE OF OHIO                     )                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                  )ss:                 NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF LORAIN                  )

STATE OF OHIO                                          C.A. No.       17CA011093

        Appellee

        v.                                             APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                       ENTERED IN THE
JUAN T. PALACIOS                                       COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                                                       COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO
        Appellant                                      CASE No.   12CR085509

                                  DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: September 4, 2018



        SCHAFER, Judge.

        {¶1}     Appellant-Defendant Juan Palacios appeals his conviction in the Lorain County

Court of Common Pleas. For the reasons that follow, this Court reverses and remands.

                                                  I.

        {¶2}     The parties do not dispute the facts in this case. On May 20, 2012, Trooper

Deshuk of the Ohio State Highway Patrol was dispatched to a single car accident in the area of

State Route 57 and I-90 West in Elyria, Ohio. Upon arrival, he observed a badly damaged

vehicle resting against a tree. He testified that he feared there were serious injuries as a result of

the crash because the passenger side of the vehicle was severely damaged, the vehicle was

“articulated” around a tree, and the radio was blaring loudly and constantly changing stations.

Trooper Deshuk also stated that he there was a strong odor of alcoholic beverage at the scene.

Ultimately, the driver of the vehicle, later identified as Palacios, and his passenger were taken to

the hospital. Palacios’ passenger died of her injuries.
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       {¶3}    Trooper Deshuk did not request a search warrant to draw and test Palacios’ blood,

however, during the course of treatment, Palacios’ blood was drawn and tested for blood alcohol

content.   On May 28, 2012, Trooper Deshuk faxed a request for medical records release

pursuant to R.C. 2317.02(B)(2) to the hospital where Palacios was treated. Trooper Deshuk did

not seek a search warrant in conjunction with the request. The following day, the hospital

released the results of the blood test to Trooper Deshuk.

       {¶4}    The Lorain County Grand Jury subsequently indicted Palacios on the following

counts: (I) aggravated vehicular homicide in violation of R.C. 2903.06(A)(1)(a), a felony of the

second degree; (II) aggravated vehicular homicide in violation of R.C. 2903.06(A)(2)(a), a

felony of the third degree; (III) operating a vehicle under the influence of alcohol or drug of

abuse in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a), a misdemeanor of the first degree; and (IV)

operating a vehicle with a blood alcohol content of eight-hundredths of one per cent or more but

less than seventeen-hundredths of one per cent by weight per volume in violation of R.C.

4511.19(A)(1)(b), a misdemeanor of the first degree. Palacios pleaded not guilty to the charges

and the matter proceeded through the pretrial process.

       {¶5}    After the trial court denied Palacios’ first motion to suppress the results of the

blood alcohol test, Palacios filed a second motion to suppress the results on the basis that there

were obtained by Trooper Deshuk without a warrant. The trial court ultimately denied Palacios’

second motion to suppress. Palacios subsequently changed his plea on all four counts to no

contest. The trial court found him guilty of all counts, merged count two with count one and

count four with count three, and sentenced him according to law.

       {¶6}    Palacios filed this timely appeal, raising one assignment of error for our review.
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                                                II.

                                      Assignment of Error

       The warrantless seizure of Mr. Palacios’ blood draw results violated his
       rights under the fourth amendment to the United States Constitution and
       Article I, Section 14 of the Ohio Constitution[.]

       {¶7}    In his sole assignment of error, Palacios contends that the trial court erred when it

denied his motion to suppress.      Specifically, Palacios contends that the Highway Patrol’s

warrantless seizure of his blood draw test results pursuant to R.C. 2317.02 was an unreasonable

search and seizure because he had a reasonable expectation of privacy in the test results.

       {¶8}    However, “[a] no contest plea generally waives the right to appeal most issues.”

State v. Smith, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 08CA009338, 2008-Ohio-6942, ¶ 3. A plea of no contest “is

an admission of the truth of the facts alleged in the indictment, information, or complaint[.]”

Crim.R. 11(B)(2). In this case, following Palacios’ no contest plea to all of the charges in the

indictment, the trial court merged count two, aggravated vehicular homicide by causing the death

of another while operating a motor vehicle recklessly, with count one, aggravated vehicular

homicide by causing the death of another while operating a motor vehicle as a proximate result

of violating R.C. 4511.19 (“Operation while under the influence of alcohol or drug of abuse or

with specified concentration of alcohol or drug in certain bodily substances; chemical test;

penalties; underage alcohol consumption.”). The trial court then merged count four, operating a

vehicle with a blood alcohol content in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(b) with count three,

operating a vehicle under the influence of alcohol or drug of abuse in violation of R.C.

4511.19(A)(1)(a). Notably, neither count three of the indictment nor R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a)

mention blood alcohol content. Relevant to count three, the indictment states:

       That Juan T. Palacios, on or about May 20, 2012, at Lorain County, Ohio, did
       operate any vehicle, streetcar, or trackless trolley within this state, when, at the
                                                  4


       time of the operation, their person was under the influence of alcohol, a drug of
       abuse, or a combination of them in violation of [R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a)] contrary
       to the form of the statute in such case made and provided and against the peace
       and dignity of the State of Ohio.

By pleading no contest, Palacios admitted that he operated a vehicle under the influence of

alcohol, a drug of abuse, or a combination thereof. Thus, under ordinary circumstances, this

Court would conclude that Palacios forfeited this argument. See Smith at ¶ 3.

       {¶9}    Nonetheless, a review of the record shows that Palacios’ no contest plea was

predicated on his and the trial court’s assumption that he had the right to appeal the denial of his

suppression motion. At the plea hearing, Palacios’ counsel stated Palacios’ change of plea was

“no contest to preserve the appellate issues” and the trial court acknowledged that attempted

preservation. Although the trial court later advised Palacios that based on his no contest plea,

Palacios’ rights to appeal his sentence would be limited, the trial court also stated, “I understand

in this case you are definitely planning to appeal, at least on that issue of the suppression

hearing,” and then reminded Palacios and his counsel to be cognizant of deadlines. Then, when

the trial court asked if Palacios would stipulate to the facts in the indictment to avoid a reading in

open court, Palacios’ counsel stated, yes, “based on the nature of the no contest plea, but

obviously with reserving the right as to the blood test to file an appeal.” The trial court then

responded, “[r]ight[,]” before finding Palacios guilty. At the subsequent sentencing hearing, the

trial court again recognized Palacios’ intention to appeal by stating,

       I also understand that after I sentence you today your attorney has already
       indicated that you will be appealing the decision I made on a motion to suppress,
       and that was – so there’s a legal issue to be decided by a higher court, with three
       judges examining the ruling I made in favor of the prosecution against you that
       allowed evidence which is basically necessary to be able to find you guilty. * * *
       Then if they rule against you, the prison sentence will be imposed at that time. If
       they rule for you, then we’ll be back here to re-examine this case.
                                                5


Although the State never commented on the issue, the trial court stated that the prosecutor

understood that Palacios intended to appeal. Indeed, the State does not argue in its merit brief

that Palacios has forfeited the suppression issue and instead addresses the merits of his argument.

       {¶10} While it is clear from the record that Palacios was left with the understanding and

assumption that the issue could be decide on appeal, this assumption was erroneous.

Nonetheless, “[w]hen a defendant enters a plea in a criminal case, the plea must be made

knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily. Failure on any of those points renders enforcement of

the plea unconstitutional under both the United States Constitution and the Ohio Constitution.”

State v. Engle, 74 Ohio St.3d 525, 527 (1996). In Engle, the United States Supreme Court

determined that a “plea was not made knowingly or intelligently because all parties, including

the judge and the prosecutor, shared the impression that the defendant could appeal the trial

court’s rulings.” State v. Brown, 9th Dist. Summit No. 25103, 2010-Ohio-3387, ¶ 8, citing Engle

at 528. “Since the decision in Engle, this Court has consistently held that a plea is not entered

knowingly and intelligently where it is predicated on an erroneous belief that the trial court’s

rulings are appealable.” See Brown at ¶ 8. Additionally, this Court has consistently held under

such circumstances “that when it is unmistakably apparent on the face of the record that the

integrity of the plea process was undermined, the plea cannot be deemed knowing, intelligent,

and voluntary and it is appropriate for this Court to sua sponte vacate the plea and remand for

further proceedings.” State v. Rondon, 9th Dist. Summit No. 26637, 2013-Ohio-4175, ¶ 11,

citing State v. Palm, 9th Dist. Summit No. 22298, 2005-Ohio-1637; Smith, 2008-Ohio-6942;

State v. Rondon, 9th Dist. Summit No. 25447, 2011-Ohio-4938; see State v. Echard, 9th Dist.

Summit No. 24643, 2009-Ohio-6616, compare State v. Wallace, 9th Dist. Lorain Nos.

14CA010609, 14CA010610, 2015-Ohio-4222, ¶ 18-20 (declining to sua sponte address issues
                                                 6


related to the defendant’s plea where the defendant did not condition his plea on the ability to

appeal an issue and instead may have conditioned it on the ability to have the issue decided at the

time of sentencing and the defendant failed to object to the trial court’s failure to discuss the

issue at that time).

        {¶11} Therefore, “[t]his Court has no choice but to vacate the conviction and plea, and

remand this case to the trial court. [Palacios] shall have the option of proceeding to trial or

entering a new plea, fully advised of his rights.” Smith at ¶ 11; Rondon, 2011-Ohio-4938, ¶ 6;

see Palm at ¶ 14-15; Echard at ¶ 12.

                                                III.

        {¶12} Palacios’ sole assignment of error is sustained in part. The judgment of the

Lorain County Court of Common Pleas is reversed and the case is remanded for further

proceedings consistent with this opinion.

                                                                               Judgment reversed
                                                                             and cause remanded.




        There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

        We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of

this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

        Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
                                                7


instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellee.




                                                    JULIE A. SCHAFER
                                                    FOR THE COURT



CARR, J.
CONCURS.

HENSAL, P. J.
CONCURS IN JUDGMENT ONLY.


APPEARANCES:

JACK W. BRADLEY and KRISTEN M. NEIDING, Attorneys at Law, for Appellant.

DENNIS P. WILL, Prosecuting Attorney, and NATASHA RUIZ GUERRIERI, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.
