Filed 2/27/13 Franck v. Barrington CA3
                                       NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not
certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not
been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.


               IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
                                  THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                               (Sacramento)
                                                     ----



HERMAN FRANCK,                                                                      C070091

                 Plaintiff and Appellant,                                    (Super. Ct. No.
                                                                       34201000081503CUBCGDS)
          v.

ROBERT BARRINGTON,

                 Defendant and Respondent.




          Plaintiff Herman Franck, an attorney, represented defendant Robert Barrington,
and after Franck sued for unpaid fees, Barrington countersued. The parties arbitrated the
dispute, Barrington prevailed, and Franck, representing himself, now appeals from an
order confirming the arbitral award. Franck generally seeks review of the merits of the
arbitral award. But because Franck does not demonstrate that the arbitrator exceeded its
powers, the trial court properly confirmed the arbitral award. Accordingly, we shall
affirm.



                     FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

                                                       1
       Franck sued Barrington, seeking damages based on breach of written fee
agreements authorizing Franck to prosecute three lawsuits, as follows: (1) Barrington
and Susan Adams v. Nocon, (the “Nocon” case), (2) Susan Adams v. Blum, (the “Blum”
case), and (3) Susan Adams (as guardian ad litem for Shirley Adams) v. Triano, (the
“Triano” case). In breach of the fee agreements, Barrington discharged Franck, settled
the Nocon case himself, and refused to honor Franck’s attorney fee lien or pay Franck
what he had earned in any of the cases. Two fee agreements were attached to the
complaint, one for the Nocon case and one for the Blum and Triano cases, as well as
another case that is not at issue in this appeal. In part, Franck alleged fraud, claiming
Barrington misrepresented the value of certain firearms seized from him in the Nocon
matter, misrepresented that he would honor the fee agreements, and misrepresented that
the Triano and Blum fees would be paid out of the settlement or verdict in the Nocon
matter, when Barrington never intended to honor his agreements.
       Barrington cross-complained, in part alleging that Franck had agreed to represent
Susan Adams in the Nocon litigation, but failed to obtain Barrington’s informed consent
to that dual representation, which created at least a potential conflict of interest.
Barrington also alleged Franck failed to advise him of potential conflicts of interest as to
the agreement to fund the Triano and Blum cases out of the Nocon case, that a lien held
by Franck was invalid, and that Franck performed negligently in each of the cases.
       The parties stipulated to binding arbitration.
       On October 3, 2011, the arbitrator, retired Sacramento County Superior Court
Judge Darrel Lewis, issued an amended decision, finding Barrington should recover
$126,546.49 from Franck, and Franck should recover nothing.
       The arbitral award recites that the hearing was held on two days, both parties
testified, and an expert testified for Barrington on the issue of the “attorney standard of
care and ethical and fiduciary duties of attorneys.” Briefing and oral argument were



                                               2
considered, but at the request of both parties, the arbitrator wrote his award “in summary
fashion” in order to minimize the arbitration fees.
       The arbitrator first found the Blum and Triano fee agreement to be void due to
Franck’s breach of an ethical rule. (Rules Prof. Conduct, rule 3-310(F)(3) [“A member
shall not accept compensation for representing a client from one other than the client
unless . . . . (3) The member obtains the client’s informed written consent”].) The
damages to Barrington for this breach were $1,100 in costs paid.
       The arbitrator next found the Nocon agreement was voidable “for non-compliance
with the rules of professional conduct and for failure to advise of potential conflicts of
interest among the parties” to that suit, and that Barrington elected to void that agreement
by “the filing of the complaint and answer to Franck’s complaint[.]” Barrington had
already paid $53,260 towards that agreement. Franck could not enforce the contingency
provision of the agreement because he withdrew before the case settled. Franck did not
prove fraud by Barrington.
       The arbitrator found that in withdrawing from the Nocon case, Franck “made
remarks or allegations that were unnecessary and potentially harmful to” Barrington, in
that he advised Susan Adams that her claim was worth more than it really was, which
created “a conflict of interest when it came time to settle the case.” Barrington settled the
Nocon case for $135,000, but it “could well have been tried to verdict by a competent
attorney with a reasonable verdict of $200,000.” The arbitrator rejected Barrington’s
claim that Franck had been negligent in representing Barrington.
       Barrington was awarded the $200,000 he should have received in the Nocon case,
plus $1,100 in costs, for a total of $201,100. The arbitrator subtracted what Barrington
actually received in the Nocon case, $74,553.51, for a net award to Barrington of
$126,546.49.
       Barrington petitioned to confirm the award.



                                              3
       Franck opposed the petition, attacking the merits of the arbitral award, and also
attaching a declaration purporting to state additional relevant facts, including his billings
in the underlying cases.
       The trial court confirmed the arbitral award, and Franck timely filed this appeal
from the judgment.
                                       DISCUSSION
                                               I
                                          The Law
       After arbitration, “it is the general rule that, ‘The merits of the controversy
between the parties are not subject to judicial review.’ [Citations.] More specifically,
courts will not review the validity of the arbitrator’s reasoning. [Citations.] Further, a
court may not review the sufficiency of the evidence supporting an arbitrator’s award.
[Citations.] [¶] Thus, it is the general rule that, with narrow exceptions, an arbitrator’s
decision cannot be reviewed for errors of fact or law.” (Moncharsh v. Heily & Blase
(1992) 3 Cal.4th 1, 11 (Moncharsh).) A trial court “shall vacate” an arbitration award if
the arbitrator exceeds its powers and “the award cannot be corrected without affecting the
merits of the decision[.]” (Code Civ. Proc., § 1286.2, subd. (a)(4).) This can occur if the
award “violates a well-defined public policy.” (Department of Personnel Administration
v. California Correctional Peace Officers Assn. (2007) 152 Cal.App.4th 1193, 1195
(CCPOA); see Jordan v. Department of Motor Vehicles (2002) 100 Cal.App.4th 431, 443
(Jordan).) But, “with limited exceptions, ‘an arbitrator’s decision is not generally
reviewable for errors of fact or law, whether or not such error appears on the face of the
award and causes substantial injustice to the parties.’” (CCPOA, supra, 152 Cal.App.4th
at p. 1200.)
       A trial court may vacate an award interpreting a contract if and only if it “rests on
a ‘completely irrational’ construction of the contract [citations] or . . . amounts to an



                                              4
‘arbitrary remaking’ of the contract[.]” (Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. v. Intel Corp.
(1994) 9 Cal.4th 362, 376-377 (AMD).)
       “In determining whether an arbitrator exceeded his powers, we review the trial
court’s decision de novo, but we must give substantial deference to the arbitrator’s own
assessment of his contractual authority. (Jordan, supra, 100 Cal.App.4th at pp. 443–444;
see AMD, supra, 9 Cal.4th at p. 376, fn. 9.)

                                               II
                             Analysis of Franck’s Contentions
       Franck heads a number of rambling attacks on the order confirming the arbitration
award, but, at bottom, he merely challenges the merits of the arbitration award. We
address each of his claims seriatim, although several appear to overlap.1
       Franck first asserts it was an abuse of discretion for the arbitrator to find that
settling a case worth $200,000 for $135,000 was “a breach of fiduciary duty,” arguing
such a settlement is within the “ballpark” of reasonableness. However, that portion of the
arbitral award was assessing the amount of damages to Barrington, and did not find that
the settlement of the underlying Nocon action was unreasonable. The arbitrator found
Franck breached ethical rules about conflicts of interest, not his duty to represent
Barrington competently. Whether Franck breached his ethical duties and the amount of
damages Barrington suffered thereby are questions not subject to review. (See
Moncharsh, supra, 3 Cal.4th at p. 11.)
       Second, Franck contends the arbitrator abused its discretion because Franck is
entitled to be paid for the reasonable value of his services, Barrington was unjustly
_____________________________________________________________

1 In his briefing, Franck improperly states facts not supported by record references and
facts not established as true by the arbitrator or by the trial court. We ignore all such
inappropriate assertions. (See Western Aggregates, Inc. v. County of Yuba (2002) 101
Cal.App.4th 278, 290-291 [failure to state facts fairly]; Duarte v. Chino Community
Hospital (1999) 72 Cal.App.4th 849, 856 [failure to provide record citations].)

                                               5
enriched by getting unpaid legal services, and this amounted to a punitive action against
Franck. The authority cited by Franck does not support this view. Arya Group, Inc. v.
Cher (2000) 77 Cal.App.4th 610 (Arya Group) involved a contractor’s failure to obtain a
written contract before building a home. It held that although illegal contracts generally
are not enforced, in some cases a court may enforce an illegal contract to avoid unjust
enrichment by one party. (Arya Group, supra, 77 Cal.App.4th at pp. 614-616.) That case
arose on demurrer, and emphasized that whether the facts would support an exception to
the general rule would have to be decided by trial or summary judgment. (Arya Group,
supra, at pp. 615-616.) Therefore, at best Franck has shown that the arbitrator might
have chosen to temper the award for equitable reasons, not that it was compelled to do so.
As stated, “‘an arbitrator’s decision is not generally reviewable for errors of fact or law,
whether or not such error appears on the face of the award and causes substantial
injustice to the parties.’” (CCPOA, supra, 152 Cal.App.4th at p. 1200.)2
       Third, amplifying his claim that the award was punitive, Franck asserts the arbitral
award “rises to the level of judicial enslavement by placing a duty on Mr. Franck to work
for the benefit of Mr. Barrington with no pay.” In the ensuing pages, Franck provides no
direct authority for this outrageous argument. The point is forfeited for lack of coherent
argument and authority. (See State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins. Co. v. Lee (2011) 193
Cal.App.4th 34, 41; In re S.C. (2006) 138 Cal.App.4th 396, 408.) Further, while there




_____________________________________________________________

2 Closer on point than Arya Group is Chambers v. Kay (2002) 29 Cal.4th 142
(Chambers), involving an attorney’s fee-splitting agreement made without the written
consent of the client (see Rules Prof. Conduct, rule 2-200). Our Supreme Court declined
to apply quantum meruit to permit recovery under the illegal agreement. (Chambers,
supra, 29 Cal.4th at pp. 158-162.) This shows the arbitrator’s decision not to apply
quantum meruit in this case was not irrational.

                                              6
may be a reasoned debate about whether and the extent to which an attorney may be
compelled to provide pro bono services (compare Cunningham v. Superior Court (1986)
177 Cal.App.3d 336 with Williamson v. Vardeman (8th Cir. 1982) 674 F.2d 1211, 1214),
attorneys are often “deprived” of payment for past services rendered because of adverse
rulings during arbitration or litigation. That is not slavery. (See Moss v. Superior Court
(1998) 17 Cal.4th 396, 411 (Moss) [“Involuntary servitude is found only when a person is
held to labor under conditions akin to peonage or slavery”]; Wicks v. Southern Pacific
Co. (9th Cir. 1956) 231 F.2d 130, 138 [“The essence of slavery or involuntary servitude
is that the worker must labor against his will”].)3
       Fourth, Franck contends the arbitrator was wrong to find Barrington voided the
Nocon contract because there was “zero evidence” to support such finding. But we do
not have a transcript of the two-day arbitration hearing, so we do not know what evidence
was introduced. Moreover, the parties requested a “summary” decision, to save the cost
of paying the arbitrator to write a detailed decision. Thus, Franck has failed to supply an
adequate record to assess his evidentiary claim, as in an appeal taken on a judgment roll,
where we must presume the trier of fact had ample evidence to sustain its findings. (See
Nielsen v. Gibson (2009) 178 Cal.App.4th 318, 324-325.) In the absence of a record of
the arbitration, Franck cannot establish that “zero evidence” was introduced on this or
any other point.




_____________________________________________________________

3  Our Supreme Court has suggested that conditioning a law license on pro bono work is
not involuntary servitude. (Moss, supra, 17 Cal.4th at p. 412, fn. 10, citing with approval
United States v. 30.64 Acres of Land (9th Cir. 1986) 795 F.2d 796.) But Franck was not
ordered perform further free services, the arbitrator merely found Barrington was not
liable to pay for past services rendered, due to Franck’s ethical breaches.

                                              7
       Fifth, Franck contends the trial court should have granted his cross-motion to
vacate or modify the arbitration award. This replicates claims we have already rejected.
       Sixth, Franck faults the trial court for stating that Franck had not raised the issue
of quantum meruit during the arbitration. In a post-arbitration brief, captioned as a
motion for a new trial or motion to vacate the arbitral award, buried in an argument about
slavery, Franck quoted Arya Group, supra, 77 Cal.App.4th 610, to the effect that in
compelling cases, illegal contracts may be enforced to avoid unjust enrichment. At best
for Franck, this opaque reference shows the trial court’s ruling confirming the arbitral
award contains an error about whether he timely raised quantum meruit during the
arbitration phase. But any such error clearly was harmless, because the trial court went
on to hold, consistent with our earlier discussion, that whether to exercise equity and
grant quantum meruit on these particular facts was a matter for the arbitrator to decide.
       Seventh, Franck contends the damages award “clearly” is in error. He cites no
authority and again states facts without citations to the record, and reiterates contentions
we have already rejected. We therefore reject the claim.
                                             III
                                      Frivolous Appeal
       This appeal borders on the frivolous, and at least partly falls on the wrong side of
that border, because “any reasonable attorney would agree” that some--if not all--of
Franck’s claims lack any conceivable merit. (In re Marriage of Flaherty (1982) 31
Cal.3d 637, 651.) However, although noting its frivolity, Barrington has not sought
sanctions for a frivolous appeal, and we decline to issue an order to show cause on our
own motion. Nonetheless, we caution attorney Herman Franck to avoid making frivolous
arguments in this court in the future.




                                              8
                                    DISPOSITION
       The judgment is affirmed. Franck shall pay Barrington’s costs on appeal. (Cal.
Rules of Court, rule 8.278.)



                                                      DUARTE                    , J.



We concur:



           BLEASE                    , Acting P. J.



           ROBIE                     , J.




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