[Cite as Dickerson v. Cleveland Metro. Hous. Auth, 2011-Ohio-6437.]


                Court of Appeals of Ohio
                               EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                  COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA


                              JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
                                       No. 96726




                 J’LEXXYS DICKERSON, ETC., ET AL.
                                                          PLAINTIFFS-APPELLEES

                                                    vs.

            CLEVELAND METROPOLITAN HOUSING
                   AUTHORITY, ET AL.
                                                          DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS



                                   JUDGMENT:
                             REVERSED AND REMANDED


                                     Civil Appeal from the
                            Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                                     Case No. CV-705527

        BEFORE: Cooney, J., Celebrezze, P.J., and Jones, J.

    RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: December 15, 2011
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS
                                                     2


Timothy A. Marcovy
Michael S. Lewis
Aubrey B. Willacy
Willacy, Lopresti & Marcovy
700 Western Reserve Building
1468 West Ninth Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113


ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES

Mark A. Dicello
Robert F. Dicello
The Dicello Law Firm
7556 Mentor Avenue
Mentor, Ohio 44060



COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, J.:

        {¶ 1} Defendant-appellant,             Cleveland       Metropolitan        Housing        Authority,

(“CMHA”), appeals the trial court’s order vacating its earlier order that granted summary

judgment in favor of CMHA. Finding merit to the appeal, we reverse.

        {¶ 2} In September 2009, plaintiffs-appellees, J’Lexxys Dickerson, et al.

(“Dickerson”), filed suit against CMHA.1 Dickerson alleges that CMHA was guilty of

negligent, willful, wanton, and/or reckless misconduct in failing to maintain its premises,

and failing to warn occupants of known and/or hidden dangers, pitfalls, obstructions, or


        1
            The original complaint also included as defendants ten unnamed “John Does.” None of these
defendants were ever identified, however, nor was service obtained within one year of filing the complaint. See
Civ.R. 3(A), 4(E), and 15(D).
                                            3

defects on its premises, resulting in the injury suffered by Dickerson, a minor child.

This claim stems from a laundry pole that fell and injured the child’s hand. In addition,

Dickerson’s parents are parties to the suit, claiming loss of consortium and financial loss.

       {¶ 3} On March 7, 2011, CMHA filed a motion for leave to file a motion for

summary judgment instanter, with its motion for summary judgment attached.                The

motion for leave was granted, and the motion for summary judgment was accepted as

filed on March 7, 2011. More than 30 days later, on April 18, 2011, Dickerson filed a

motion to extend the time to respond to CMHA’s motion for summary judgment pursuant

to Civ.R. 56(F). On April 19, 2011, the trial court granted summary judgment for

CMHA. On April 20, 2011, the court denied Dickerson’s motion to extend time to

respond. On April 21, 2011, the court sua sponte vacated its order granting summary

judgment in favor of CMHA, without any explanation.

       {¶ 4} CMHA now appeals, raising three assignments of error.

       {¶ 5} In its first assignment of error, CMHA argues that the trial court erred when

it sua sponte vacated its prior entry of summary judgment in favor of CMHA. Dickerson

argues that the trial court properly vacated the order granting summary judgment pursuant

to Civ.R. 60(A) or, in the alternative, properly vacated the order because it was void.

       {¶ 6} The authority to vacate its own void judgment constitutes an inherent power

possessed by Ohio courts. Patton v. Diemer (1988), 35 Ohio St.3d 68, 518 N.E.2d 941,

paragraph four of the syllabus.       A judgment is void only where the court lacks
                                           4

jurisdiction over the subject matter or the parties or where the court acts contrary to due

process. Thomas v. Fick (June 7, 2000), Summit App. No. 19595; Rondy v. Rondy

(1983), 13 Ohio App.3d 19, 22, 468 N.E.2d 81. In exercising its inherent power, a court

is recognizing that the void judgment or order was always a nullity. Van DeRyt v. Van

DeRyt (1966), 6 Ohio St.2d 31, 35, 215 N.E.2d 698.

      {¶ 7} However, as a general rule, a trial court has no authority to vacate or modify

its final orders sua sponte. N. Shore Auto Financing, Inc. v. Valentine, Cuyahoga App.

No. 90686, 2008-Ohio-4611, ¶12, citing Rice v. Bethel Assoc., Inc. (1987), 35 Ohio

App.3d 133, 520 N.E.2d 26; Hellmuth, Obata & Kassabaum v. Ratner (1984), 21 Ohio

App.3d 104, 107, 487 N.E.2d 329; Sperry v. Hlutke (1984), 19 Ohio App.3d 156, 158,

483 N.E.2d 870. Prior to the adoption of the Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure, trial courts

possessed the inherent power to vacate their own judgments.       See McCue v. Buckeye

Union Ins. Co. (1979), 61 Ohio App.2d 101, 103, 399 N.E.2d 127. Since the adoption

of the Civil Rules, however, Civ.R. 60(B) provides the exclusive means for a trial court to

vacate a final judgment. Rice at 134; Cale Products, Inc. v. Orrville Bronze & Alum.

Co. (1982), 8 Ohio App.3d 375, 378, 457 N.E.2d 854.

      {¶ 8} Civ.R. 60(B) states:

      “Mistakes; inadvertence; excusable neglect; newly discovered evidence; fraud; etc.
        On motion and upon such terms as are just, the court may relieve a party or his
      legal representative from a final judgment, order or proceeding for the following
      reasons: (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect; (2) newly
      discovered evidence which by due diligence could not have been discovered in
      time to move for a new trial under Rule 59(B); (3) fraud (whether heretofore
                                           5

       denominated intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation or other misconduct of an
       adverse party; (4) the judgment has been satisfied, released or discharged, or a
       prior judgment upon which it is based has been reversed or otherwise vacated, or it
       is no longer equitable that the judgment should have prospective application; or (5)
       any other reason justifying relief from the judgment. The motion shall be made
       within a reasonable time, and for reasons (1), (2) and (3) not more than one year
       after the judgment, order or proceeding was entered or taken. A motion under
       this subdivision (B) does not affect the finality of a judgment or suspend its
       operation.

       “The procedure for obtaining any relief from a judgment shall be by motion as
       prescribed in these rules.”

See, also, Davis v. Davis (1992), Cuyahoga App. Nos. 60224 and 60751 (trial court had

no authority to vacate final order without Civ.R. 60(B) motion); State, ex rel. Boardwalk

Shopping Ctr. Inc. v. Court of Appeals for Cuyahoga Cty. (1990), 56 Ohio St.3d 33, 564

N.E.2d 86; Hellmuth, Obata & Kassabaum at 107.

       {¶ 9} Unlike Civ.R. 60(B), Civ.R. 60(A) pertains only to the correction of orders

that contain clerical mistakes and does not apply to situations in which prior orders are

vacated in their entirety. Civ.R. 60(A) states:

       “Clerical mistakes in judgments, orders or other parts of the record and errors
       therein arising from oversight or omission may be corrected by the court at any
       time on its own initiative or on the motion of any party and after such notice, if
       any, as the court orders. During the pendency of an appeal, such mistakes may be
       so corrected before the appeal is docketed in the appellate court, and thereafter
       while the appeal is pending may be so corrected with leave of the appellate court.”

       {¶ 10} Thus, Civ.R. 60(A) authorizes a trial court to modify its judgments sua

sponte, without any notice to the parties. However, Civ.R. 60(A) permits a court to

correct only clerical mistakes arising from an oversight or omission.
                                                         6

         {¶ 11} The basic distinction between clerical mistakes that can be corrected under

Civ.R. 60(A) and substantive mistakes that can be corrected pursuant to Civ.R. 60(B)

consists of “blunders in execution,” whereas the latter consists of instances where the

court changes its mind, either because it made a legal or factual mistake in making its

original determination, or because, on second thought, it has decided to exercise its

discretion in a different manner. RPM, Inc. v. Oatey Co. (1998), Medina App. No.

2745-M, citing Kuehn v. Kuehn (1988), 55 Ohio App.3d 245, 247, 564 N.E.2d 97.

         {¶ 12} In the instant case, Dickerson failed to respond to CMHA’s motion for

summary judgment within the 30 days allowed under Loc.R. 11. Dickerson failed to

reply despite having been specifically alerted to the 30-day deadline in the court’s journal

entry in which the court accepted CMHA’s motion for summary judgment.                                    The entry

specified that Dickerson’s response must be filed in accordance with Loc.R. 11. 2

Moreover, in addition to failing to timely oppose summary judgment, Dickerson also

failed to timely file a motion seeking more time.

         {¶ 13} Dickerson defends her lack of response, claiming that the trial court granted

her an extension, pursuant to Civ.R. 56(F), during a March 22, 2011 phone conference.

However, despite three separate entries for March 22 on the docket regarding scheduling

         2
             Loc.R. 11 states:

“(I) Unless otherwise ordered by the Court, (1) a party opposing a motion for summary judgment made pursuant to
         civil rule 56 may file a brief in opposition with accompanying evidentiary materials (as permitted by civil
         rule 56(C)) within thirty (30) days of service of the motion. * * * (2) Unless otherwise ordered by the court,
         motions for summary judgment shall be heard on briefs and accompanying evidentiary materials (as
         permitted by civil rule 56(C)) without oral argument.”
                                            7

a pretrial and trial date, there is no mention on the docket of any extension granted to

Dickerson or any earlier request for an extension.    It is well-settled that a court speaks

through its journal entries. State v. Brooke, 113 Ohio St.3d 199, 2007-Ohio-1533, 863

N.E.2d 1024, ¶47, citing Kaine v. Marion Prison Warden, 88 Ohio St.3d 454, 455,

2000-Ohio-381, 727 N.E.2d 907.

       {¶ 14} More than one week after the 30-day deadline for filing a response to

CMHA’s motion for summary judgment, Dickerson filed a motion for extension of time

to respond, pursuant to Civ.R. 56(F).

       {¶ 15} A party opposing a motion for summary judgment may obtain a continuance

pursuant to Civ.R. 56(F) by submitting affidavits that state a factual basis or provide

sufficient reasons for the lack of supporting affidavits and the need for additional time to

permit affidavits to be obtained or further discovery to be had. Gates Mills Invest. Co. v.

Pepper Pike (1978), 59 Ohio App.2d 155, 168-169, 392 N.E.2d 1316. A trial court has

discretion to grant or deny a request for a continuance pursuant to Civ.R. 56(F), and its

decision will not be overruled absent an abuse of discretion.    Id.   The trial court denied

Dickerson’s motion on April 20, 2011.

       {¶ 16} This court has previously addressed the issue of whether a trial court may

sua sponte vacate an order granting summary judgment.           In Chomor v. Euclid Clinic

Found. (Apr. 2, 1992), Cuyahoga App. No. 62270, this court stated that:

       “[s]ummary judgment is a final appealable order and not subject to a motion to
       vacate, filed by a party to the action or by the trial court sua sponte, unless the
                                              8

         record contains sufficient facts to establish that the judgment is void or subject to
         Civ.R. 60(B).”

         {¶ 17} In Chomor, this court found that there were no facts in the record to

establish that the judgment granting summary judgment was void or subject to Civ.R.

60(B).     This court reversed the trial court’s order sua sponte vacating summary judgment

and reinstated the original order granting summary judgment to the defendant.

         {¶ 18} In addition, the Eleventh District Court of Appeals in Hall v. Stabler

(Sept. 29, 2000), Lake App. No. 99-L-202, came to the same conclusion, stating:

         “We do not need to address whether appellee was required to submit an affidavit
         from a medical expert in support of his action to withstand summary judgment
         because the trial court had no jurisdiction to reverse its previous judgment granting
         summary judgment in favor of appellant.

         “After the trial court granted summary judgment in favor of appellant, on October
         14, 1999, it had no authority sua sponte to vacate that judgment. Kemper
         Securities, Inc. v. Schultz (1996), 111 Ohio App.3d 621, 625, 676 N.E.2d 1197.
         ‘When the trial court awards summary judgment to a party, the judgment is final
         and can only be vacated upon the losing party’s motion to vacate in conformity
         with Civ.R. 60(B).’ Levin v. George Fraam & Sons, Inc . (1990), 65 Ohio App.3d
         841, 848, 585 N.E.2d 527. Because appellee did not file a Civ.R. 60(B) motion
         in this case, the trial court’s October 14, 1999 judgment, granting summary
         judgment in favor of appellant, remains.”

         {¶ 19} Finally, in RPM, the Ninth District Court of Appeals found that a trial court

cannot sua sponte vacate a previous order granting summary judgment under Civ.R.

60(A), despite a pending Civ.R. 56(F) motion to extend time to respond. RPM, like

Dickerson, claimed that the trial court made a clerical error when it overlooked the
                                            9

motion for a delay pending discovery pursuant to Civ.R. 56(F). The RPM court found

that:

        {¶ 20} “* * * even assuming that discovery had not yet been completed, the order

granting summary judgment to Oatey was much more than a mere clerical error.            The

trial court prepared the order, signed the order, and served both parties with notice that a

final appealable order had been issued in the case.     This was not simply a blunder in

execution; presumably, the trial court read the entire order prior to signing it and fully

understood what was being signed. Therefore, regardless of what the trial court should

have done, or what it may have intended to do, it deliberately granted Oatey summary

judgment.     The trial court cannot change its mind sua sponte simply because it

determines that it should have waited until discovery was completed. See Green v.

Ken’s Flower Shops (Nov. 10, 1994), Lucas App. No. L 94-088, unreported. But, see,

O’Neill v. Contemporary Image Labeling, Inc. (Oct. 3, 1997), Hamilton App. No.

C-961019, unreported.”

        {¶ 21} Following the precedent of this and other districts, we find that the trial

court erred in sua sponte vacating its order granting summary judgment.     Having granted

the motion for summary judgment and subsequently denying the motion to extend time

pursuant to Civ.R. 56(F), the trial court lacked jurisdiction to vacate the order granting

summary judgment.      Moreover, we find no evidence in the record to establish that the

court’s entry granting summary judgment is void or that it was subject to a Civ.R. 60(B)
                                                     10

motion prior to the trial court’s vacating the summary judgment.3 Thus, the trial court

had no authority to sua sponte vacate a final judgment. Accordingly, CMHA’s first

assignment of error is sustained.

        {¶ 22} Having sustained the first assignment of error, we need not address the

remaining two assignments of error because they are now moot.

        Judgment reversed and case remanded to reinstate the final judgment granting

summary judgment for CMHA.

        It is ordered that appellants recover of said appellees costs herein taxed.

        The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

        It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common

pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.

        A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of

the Rules of Appellate Procedure.


______________________________________________
COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, JUDGE

FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., P.J., and
LARRY A. JONES, J., CONCUR




        3
             CMHA filed the instant appeal on April 27, 2011. On July 27, 2011, Dickerson filed a motion for
relief pursuant to Civ.R. 60(A) or (B) and a motion for remand to the trial court. The motion to remand was denied
by this court.
