                                                                                           06/26/2020
        IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                         AT NASHVILLE
                               February 12, 2020 Session

        STATE OF TENNESSEE v. KEISHA MOSES RICHARDSON

                Appeal from the Criminal Court for Davidson County
                No. 2018-C-1990 Angelita Blackshear Dalton, Judge
                      ___________________________________

                           No. M2019-00952-CCA-R3-CD
                       ___________________________________


Defendant, Keisha Moses Richardson, was convicted by a Davidson County jury for
violating an order of protection. The trial court imposed a sentence of eleven months and
twenty-nine days to be served on probation. On appeal, Defendant argues that the
evidence was insufficient to support her conviction. Having reviewed the entire record,
the oral arguments, and the briefs of the parties, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

 Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed

THOMAS T. WOODALL, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ROBERT W.
WEDEMEYER and ROBERT L. HOLLOWAY, JR., JJ., joined.

Manuel B. Russ, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Keisha Moses Richardson.

Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; David H. Findley, Senior
Assistant Attorney General; Glenn Funk, District Attorney General; and Paul DeWitt,
Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                        OPINION

                                       Background

                                          I. Trial

       The minor child who is a subject of the ex parte order of protection (OP) will be
referred to by her initials. The proof at trial demonstrated that Defendant and Paul
Richardson divorced in 2017. Mr. Richardson was granted full custody of their daughter,
K.R., and moved to Nashville from Memphis. Because of events in October 2017, Mr.
Richardson filed a petition seeking an ex parte OP. Mr. Richardson’s petition was not
entered as an exhibit during Defendant’s trial and thus is not a part of the record on
appeal.

       As a result of the ex parte petition, Mr. Richardson obtained an ex parte OP that
covered him and K.R. On November 13, 2017, a hearing on the ex parte order was held,
with both parties present, and an OP was entered. The November 13, 2017, OP was
effective for six months as to Mr. Richardson but only thirty days for K.R. A box on the
form OP was marked by the OP court indicating that the Defendant “did the things listed
in the Petition and the Court adopts these as facts and incorporates them by reference.”
On page 3 of the OP, Defendant was ordered to have no contact with Mr. Richardson and
his children “either directly or indirectly, by phone, email, messages, text message, mail
or any other type of communication or contact.” The OP instructed Defendant to “stay
away from” Mr. Richardson’s home and workplace and child’s home and workplace.
The OP was hand delivered to both Defendant and Mr. Richardson.

       Defendant also sought an OP against Mr. Richardson. A rehearing was scheduled
for both Defendant’s petition and Mr. Richardson’s extension of the November 13, 2017,
OP on December 14, 2017. The OP court issued a continuance until January 4, 2018
because Mr. Richardson was unable to attend the December 14 hearing. The order of
continuance was announced in court with Defendant present. The order of continuance
was also mailed to an address Defendant provided.

       Defendant failed to appear at the January 4, 2018 hearing. The OP court waited
for almost half an hour before proceeding with the hearing. The OP court again checked
the box on the form OP which indicated that the Defendant “did the things listed in the
Petition and the Court adopts these as facts and incorporates them by reference.”
Additionally, the OP court found that Defendant was a threat to the safety of Mr.
Richardson and his minor child and checked the form OP to indicate that Defendant
specifically “abused/threaten to abuse” Mr. Richardson’s minor child.

      The OP court again ordered Defendant to have no contact with Mr. Richardson or
his minor child “either directly or indirectly, by phone, email, messages, text message,
mail or any other type of communication or contact.” Further, Defendant was again
ordered to “stay away from” Mr. Richardson’s home and workplace as well as child’s
home and workplace.

       The January 4, 2018 OP indicated that Mr. Richardson was to have custody of
K.R. Further, the OP court hand wrote notations regarding parenting time that Defendant
“shall have no contact with the minor child until the court which has domestic
jurisdiction determines custody and parenting time, not to exceed 11 months and 29 days
of the entry of this order.”
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       The OP court granted Mr. Richardson’s petition for one year, which covered both
Mr. Richardson and K.R. until January 2019. The OP court indicated by a handwritten
notation on the OP, that Defendant had notice of the hearing and failed to appear. The
OP court dismissed Defendant’s petition against Mr. Richardson for failure to prosecute.

       A copy of the January 4, 2018 OP and the order dismissing Defendant’s petition
were mailed to Defendant’s last known address that was given by Defendant to the OP
court at the December 14, 2017 hearing. The orders were returned as undeliverable.

      Mr. Richardson provided a copy of the January 4, 2018 OP to K.R.’s school. On
May 22, 2018, Defendant came to K.R.’s school to see her daughter receive an award.
Chad High, the school principal, sequestered Defendant and put K.R.’s classroom on
lockdown. Mr. High notified Mr. Richardson that Defendant was at K.R.’s school. Mr.
Richardson came to the school and picked up K.R.

      Mr. High notified Defendant that there was an OP issued and that she could not
see K.R. Defendant told Mr. High that she was unaware of the order. Mr. High provided
Defendant with a copy. Defendant refused the copy of the OP and refused to leave
without seeing K.R. Police were called, and Defendant was arrested. After a jury trial,
Defendant was found guilty of violating the January 4, 2018 OP.

      After a sentencing hearing, the trial court sentenced Defendant to eleven months
and twenty-nine days to be served on supervised probation. It is from that conviction that
Defendant now appeals.

                                         Analysis

       Defendant argues that the evidence was insufficient to sustain her conviction for
violating an OP because the State produced insufficient evidence that Defendant had
notice that her daughter was a party to the OP and that she willfully violated the order.

       “Because a verdict of guilt removes the presumption of innocence and raises a
presumption of guilt, the criminal defendant bears the burden on appeal of showing that
the evidence was legally insufficient to sustain a guilty verdict.” State v. Hanson, 279
S.W.3d 265, 275 (Tenn. 2009) (citing State v. Evans, 838 S.W.2d 185, 191 (Tenn.
1992)). “Appellate courts evaluating the sufficiency of the convicting evidence must
determine ‘whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the
prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime
beyond a reasonable doubt.’” State v. Wagner, 382 S.W.3d 289, 297 (Tenn. 2012)
(quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979)); see Tenn. R. App. P. 13(e).
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When this court evaluates the sufficiency of the evidence on appeal, the State is entitled
to the strongest legitimate view of the evidence and all reasonable inferences that may be
drawn from that evidence. State v. Davis, 354 S.W.3d 718, 729 (Tenn. 2011) (citing
State v. Majors, 318 S.W.3d 850, 857 (Tenn. 2010)).

       Guilt may be found beyond a reasonable doubt where there is direct evidence,
circumstantial evidence, or a combination of the two. State v. Sutton, 166 S.W.3d 686,
691 (Tenn. 2005); State v. Hall, 976 S.W.2d 121, 140 (Tenn. 1998). The standard of
review for sufficiency of the evidence “is the same whether the conviction is based upon
direct or circumstantial evidence.” State v. Dorantes, 331 S.W.3d 370, 379 (Tenn. 2011)
(quoting Hanson, 279 S.W.3d at 275). The jury as the trier of fact must evaluate the
credibility of the witnesses, determine the weight given to witnesses’ testimony, and
reconcile all conflicts in the evidence. State v. Campbell, 245 S.W.3d 331, 335 (Tenn.
2008) (citing Byrge v. State, 575 S.W.2d 292, 295 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1978)). Moreover,
the jury determines the weight to be given to circumstantial evidence, the inferences to be
drawn from this evidence, and the extent to which the circumstances are consistent with
guilt and inconsistent with innocence. Dorantes, 331 S.W.3d at 379 (citing State v. Rice,
184 S.W.3d 646, 662 (Tenn. 2006)). When considering the sufficiency of the evidence,
this court “neither re-weighs the evidence nor substitutes its inferences for those drawn
by the jury.” Wagner, 382 S.W.3d at 297 (citing State v. Bland, 958 S.W.2d 651, 659
(Tenn. 1997)).

      It is an offense to “knowingly violate” an order of protection. Tenn. Code Ann. §
39-13-113(a). In order to constitute a violation:

      (1) The person must have received notice of the request for an order of
      protection or restraining order;

      (2) The person must have had an opportunity to appear and be heard in
      connection with the order of protection or restraining order; and

      (3) The court made specific findings of fact in the order of protection or
      restraining order that the person committed domestic abuse, sexual assault
      or stalking as defined in § 36-3-601.

Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-113(f)(1-3). “‘Knowing’ means that a person acts knowingly
with respect to the conduct or to circumstances surrounding the conduct when the person
is aware of the nature and circumstances exist.” Id. § 39-11-106(a)(20).

      The proof in this case was sufficient to establish that Defendant violated the
January 4, 2018 OP. Viewed in a light most favorable to the State, the proof shows that
                                           -4-
Mr. Richardson obtained an OP for himself and K.R. on November 13, 2017. The order
stated that Defendant was to have no contact with Mr. Richardson or K.R. It further
stated that Defendant was to stay away from their home and workplace. The order was
hand delivered to Defendant. The OP for K.R. expired on December 13, 2017. The OP
covering Mr. Richardson did not expire until April 13, 2018. A hearing to extend the OP
against Defendant to protect K.R. was set for December 14, 2017. Defendant was present
at the hearing to advance her own petition for an OP. Mr. Richardson could not attend.
It was announced in court, with Defendant present, that the hearing was rescheduled for
January 4, 2018. Further, notice of the OP hearing continuance was mailed to Defendant
at an address Defendant provided in open court. Defendant had notice of the January 4,
2018 hearing. This was her opportunity to be heard in connection with the OP. She
ignored the notice and chose not to appear and be heard.

       At the January 4, 2018 hearing, the OP court made specific findings about abuse.
While the record does not include what specific “things listed in [Mr. Richardson’s]
petition [Defendant] did”, such proof is not necessary to establish that Defendant violated
an order of protection or restraining order and thus is guilty of offending Tenn. Code
Ann. § 39-13-113. It was only necessary to prove that the OP court had made such a
finding. Here the OP court found that Defendant committed “abuse/threatened abuse” to
K.R. “Abuse” in the context of domestic abuse means,

       inflicting, or attempting to inflict, physical injury on an adult or minor by
       other than accidental means, placing an adult or minor in fear of physical
       harm, physical restraint, malicious damage to the personal property of the
       abused party, including inflicting, or attempting to inflict, physical injury
       on any animal owned, possessed, leased, kept, or held by an adult or minor,
       or placing an adult or minor in fear of physical harm to any animal owned,
       possessed, leased, kept, or held by the adult or minor;

Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-3-601(1). Domestic abuse means committing abuse against a
victim who falls into a category that includes persons who are adults or minors related by
blood or adoption. Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-3-601(4)(5)(D).

        As a result of the January 4, 2018 hearing, the OP court issued an OP for Mr.
Richardson and K.R with instruction to Defendant to have no contact and stay away from
K.R. The OP was mailed to the address that Defendant gave to the OP court previously.
The order was returned as undeliverable by the post office. However, the statute only
requires that “notice of the request for an order of protection or restraining order” not
actual service of the order. Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-113(f)(1). It is undisputed that
Defendant had notice of the December 14, 2017 hearing and it is clear she knew of the
January 4, 2018 hearing. It is undisputed that the OP court made specific findings by
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checking the form OP that found Defendant “specifically” committed domestic abuse, as
defined in T.C.A. § 36-3-601.

       It is undisputed that Defendant went to K.R.’s school. Defendant only argues that
she did not know the January 4, 2018 hearing would be regarding an order of protection
against her pertaining to K.R. However, Defendant knew the December 14, 2017 hearing
was to extend the OP relating to K.R. Thus, a rational trier of fact could quite easily
conclude that Defendant knew the January 4, 2018 hearing would concern the same
subject matter that was to be addressed at the December 2017 hearing.

      The jury heard the witness’ testimony, reviewed the evidence, and determined that
Defendant violated an OP. Based on our review, the evidence is sufficient to support
Defendant’s conviction. Defendant is not entitled to relief on this issue.

                                       Conclusion

      For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.


                                             ____________________________________
                                             THOMAS T. WOODALL, JUDGE




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