                NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
                           File Name: 13a0647n.06

                                         No. 12-3975
                                                                                    FILED
                          UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         Jul 12, 2013
                               FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT                      DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk


GELLE MOHAMED GELLE,                                   )
                                                       )
       Petitioner,                                     )
                                                       )
               v.                                      )
                                                       )       ON PETITION FOR REVIEW
ERIC H. HOLDER, JR., Attorney General,                 )       FROM THE BOARD OF
                                                       )       IMMIGRATION APPEALS
       Respondent.                                     )
                                                       )



BEFORE: GIBBONS and WHITE, Circuit Judges, and COHN, District Judge.*

       HELENE N. WHITE, Circuit Judge. Following the denial of his application for asylum,

withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”) by an

Immigration Judge (“IJ”), Petitioner Gelle Mohamed Gelle (“Gelle”) appealed to the Board of

Immigration Appeals (“BIA”), arguing that the IJ improperly rejected his application based on a

finding that he was not credible. The BIA affirmed the IJ’s decision, and Gelle appeals. We DENY

Gelle’s petition for review.

                                               I.

       The following facts are taken from Gelle’s testimony before the IJ. Gelle was born in

Mogadishu, Somalia on January 1, 1983. He is a member of the Tumal minority group, a clan that



       *
       The Honorable Avern Cohn, United States Senior District Judge for the Eastern District of
Michigan, sitting by designation.
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occupies a low social status in Somalia. The Tumal are oppressed by the majority clan, the Hawiye,

who possess most of the power in Somalia. The Tumal do not have weapons or the means to protect

themselves, and the Somali government is weak.

       As a child, Gelle was frequently abused by the Hawiye. For example, during a soccer game

with other children from his neighborhood, Gelle had “an issue” with a Hawiye boy. Gelle

apologized, but the boy told Gelle that he would kill him. After leaving the field, the Hawiye boy

came back with his brothers, who were carrying guns. Gelle ran away, jumped over a wall, and the

Hawiye boys opened fire on him, but Gelle managed to escape.

       In a separate incident, Gelle was carrying a letter from his brother to a Hawiye girl whom his

brother was dating when a group of Hawiye men stopped and searched him. Dating between the

Tumal and Hawiye clans is strictly forbidden. The men found the letter and began beating Gelle,

eventually placing him in handcuffs. They put out their cigars on his body and instructed Gelle to

tell his brother that if he did not stop dating the Hawiye girl, they would kill Gelle and his brother.

       Approximately one month later, a group of Hawiye men attacked Gelle’s family and house.

They entered Gelle’s home at night and opened fire on his father and brother, killing both. The men

beat Gelle with their guns and boots, leaving a scar on his chin. Gelle escaped with his mother,

brother, and one of his sisters, but the men abducted his other sister, Sophia. Gelle’s family has not

heard from her since that night. Before leaving, the men told Gelle that if his family did not leave

by the following night, the men would return and kill them all.




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       Gelle and his family fled to Kenya, where they separated. Gelle and his brother traveled to

Nairobi to find work, while his mother and sister went to a refugee camp. Gelle has not had much

contact with his mother and sister since the separation. While in Kenya, Gelle applied for refugee

status in the United States along with his neighbors who told him that someone in the United States

was sponsoring refugees. Gelle testified that his neighbors told him to use the name “Farah Ali

Adbe” and that he would become part of their family for the purposes of the application. When he

was interviewed by an immigration officer in Kenya, he gave the officer false information at the

encouragement of the neighbor family, and his asylum claim was rejected.

       Gelle lived in Kenya as an undocumented immigrant for eight years, but when violence

erupted against foreigners as a result of the Kenyan election, he traveled to Malaysia. He lived in

Malaysia for one year and five months, and married his wife while he was there. Gelle entered the

United States on October 21, 2009, and has not left since.

                                                II.

       The Department of Homeland Security filed a notice to appear with the Immigration Court

on December 19, 2009, charging Gelle with being a removable alien. On February 8, 2010, Gelle

admitted the factual allegations in the notice, conceded the charge of removability, and filed his

application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the CAT.

       On September 30, 2010, an IJ held a removal hearing and a Somali interpreter translated for

Gelle. After hearing testimony from Gelle, the IJ found that he was not a credible witness and




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denied his application. The BIA denied Gelle’s appeal, reasoning that the IJ’s determination that

Gelle was not credible was not clearly erroneous given Gelle’s fraudulent asylum application.



                                                 III.

A. Standard of Review

       An alien seeking asylum must establish that he is a refugee, 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(a), which is

defined as an individual “who is unable or unwilling to return to” his country “because of

persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality,

membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.” 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42)(A). An

applicant who establishes past persecution is presumed to have a well-founded fear of future

persecution based on the same claim. 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(b)(1). A request for asylum is

automatically considered to include a request for withholding of removal, 8 C.F.R. § 1208.3(b),

which requires that the alien demonstrate that it is “more likely than not” that he will be persecuted

on account of a statutorily enumerated ground. INS v. Stevic, 467 U.S. 407, 429–30 (1984).

Similarly, in order to be eligible for withholding of removal under the Convention Against Torture,

an applicant must establish that it is more likely than not that he will be tortured if removed.

8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(c)(2). The more-likely-than-not standard is more stringent than the well-founded-

fear standard used in asylum determinations, and an applicant who cannot satisfy the standard for

a grant of asylum also fails to satisfy the standard for withholding of removal. See Dorosh v.

Ashcroft, 398 F.3d 379, 383–84 (6th Cir. 2004).


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       Because the BIA did not summarily adopt the IJ’s decision, this court reviews the BIA’s

decision as the final agency determination. Ilic-Lee v. Mukasey, 507 F.3d 1044, 1047 (6th Cir.

2007). Although the testimony of the applicant may be sufficient to satisfy the applicant’s burden

of proof, the applicant must satisfy the IJ that “the applicant’s testimony is credible, is persuasive,

and refers to specific facts sufficient to demonstrate that the applicant is a refugee.” 8 U.S.C.

§ 1158(b)(1)(B)(ii). The IJ must consider the totality of the circumstances and all relevant factors

in making a credibility determination and may base the determination on:

       the demeanor, candor, or responsiveness of the applicant or witness, the inherent
       plausibility of the applicant’s or witness’s account, the consistency between the
       applicant’s or witness’s written and oral statements . . . the internal consistency of
       each such statement, the consistency of such statements with other evidence of record
       . . . and any inaccuracies or falsehoods in such statements, without regard to whether
       an inconsistency, inaccuracy, or falsehood goes to the heart of the applicant’s claim[.]

8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii). “[A]dministrative findings of fact are conclusive unless any

reasonable adjudicator would be compelled to conclude to the contrary.” 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B).

B. Analysis

       Gelle argues that the IJ gave undue weight to his false statements in finding that he lacked

credibility. The government responds that the IJ properly relied on inconsistencies in Gelle’s asylum

application and testimony in finding Gelle incredible, and that because his application is based solely

on his own statements regarding past persecution, the IJ properly denied his application for asylum.

       The IJ relied on two incidents for its finding that Gelle lacked credibility: (1) Gelle’s 2007

asylum application, and (2) Gelle’s statements in court that he had not used another name or

previously filed a refugee application. At the start of the asylum hearing, Gelle testified that he had

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never used any name other than Gelle Mohamed Gelle. However, during cross-examination the

government asked Gelle whether he had ever applied for refugee status in the United States, to which

he replied “No, personally, no, I did not.” Gelle testified that he applied for asylum in conjunction

with neighbors who told him that somebody was sponsoring refugees in the United States. He

claimed that he was told to take the name “Farah Ali Adbe” and “be part” of the family that was

applying for asylum, but insisted that it was not his idea to do so. Gelle also admitted that he gave

the immigration officer in Kenya false information in connection with his asylum application.

       The IJ found that Gelle was not a credible witness.            In addition to outlining the

inconsistencies mentioned above, the court found that Gelle had a “propensity to lie in order to

obtain status in the United States.” The IJ explained:

       [T]his Court has excused some acts of misconduct, including incorrect information
       provided to Government officials when committed by asylum applicants due to the
       high stakes of an asylum applicant. However, the Court was concerned and troubled
       by the facts in this case. Even after acknowledging the fraudulent application, the
       respondent continued to not take responsibility, indicating it was not his idea, he was
       forced to do it. Ultimately, he acknowledged he did it because he wanted to come
       to the U.S. This is not in any way an excuse for committing fraud. The Court finds
       this type of behavior undermines the refugee and asylum process and harms many
       legitimate asylum seekers fleeing human rights abuses around the world.

The IJ noted that Gelle’s testimony regarding his experiences in Somalia could have established past

persecution and that “[b]ut for the 2007 refugee application, the Court would have been inclined to

grant relief.” However, because Gelle’s application was supported only by his testimony and the

court found that Gelle was an incredible witness, the IJ denied Gelle’s application. The BIA

affirmed the IJ’s decision after finding that the adverse credibility determination was not clearly


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erroneous, noting that Gelle admitted filing an earlier refugee application after being confronted by

the government, and that Gelle acknowledged that he gave false information to the immigration

officer who interviewed him in Kenya.

       In Nabhani v. Holder, 382 F. App’x 487 (6th Cir. 2010) (unpublished), Nabhani was an

Iranian citizen who claimed asylum in the U.S. on the basis of alleged harassment by the Iranian

government because of his father’s political involvement. Id. at 488. The IJ did not find Nabhani’s

testimony to be credible and denied his requests for relief. Id. at 489. On appeal, this court noted

numerous “inconsistences, omissions, and implausibilities” in Nabhani’s application and testimony.

Id. at 490. Additionally, this court noted that Nabhani admitted to using false documents and a false

name to enter Canada and Mexico and to file an asylum claim to Canadian officials. Id. at 490–91.

This court concluded that Nabhani’s inconsistent statements, exaggerations, omissions, and failure

to provide corroborating evidence would not compel a reasonable adjudicator to find Nabhani

credible. Id. See also Samad v. Holder, 462 F. App’x 109, 110 (2d Cir. 2012) (unpublished) (IJ

reasonably relied on applicant’s previous filing of a fraudulent asylum application in Canada in

making an adverse-credibility determination); Sai Hua Liu v. Gonzales, 239 F. App’x 687, 689 (2d

Cir. 2007) (unpublished) (“Filing a knowingly false asylum application casts a serious shadow on

an applicant’s overall credibility. While applicants should be encouraged to recant false statements

and withdraw false applications, the agency is not required to overlook such falsities in making its

ultimate determination.”); Siewe v. Gonzales, 480 F.3d 160, 170 (2d Cir. 2007) (“[A] single instance




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of false testimony may . . . infect the balance of the alien’s uncorroborated . . . evidence.”); Laurent

v. Ashcroft, 359 F.3d 59, 64–65 (1st Cir. 2004).

        Since the passage of the REAL ID Act of 2005, Pub. L. No. 109-13, 119 Stat. 302, IJs are

permitted to consider a wide range of circumstances in determining whether an applicant is credible.

8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii). This altered previous law in our circuit that held that an IJ could only

base a credibility determination on “issues that went to the heart of the applicant’s claim.” See El-

Moussa v. Holder, 569 F.3d 250, 256 (6th Cir. 2009) (internal quotation marks and brackets

omitted). Gelle’s case is an unfortunate one. Although it is true that the IJ noted that had Gelle been

a credible witness his testimony could have established past persecution, the fact remains that Gelle

filed a false asylum application in 2007 and initially denied having ever used an alias.1 In the face

of this evidence, a reasonable adjudicator would not be compelled to find Gelle credible.

                                                  IV.

        Accordingly, we DENY Gelle’s petition.




       1
         Gelle argues that false statements must be material to the alien’s claim in order for an IJ to
properly rely on them, citing Mapouya v. Gonzales, 487 F.3d 396 (6th Cir. 2007). However, Gelle
misunderstands the law—Mapouya is inapplicable because the asylum claim at issue in that case was
filed prior to the effective date of the REAL ID Act. See id. at 404–05.


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