J-S41024-19


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    RANDY REYES DELEON                         :
                                               :
                       Appellant               :   No. 960 MDA 2018

             Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence April 30, 2018
      In the Court of Common Pleas of Berks County Criminal Division at
                       No(s): CP-06-CR-0003259-2017

BEFORE:      LAZARUS, J., MURRAY, J., and STRASSBURGER*, J.

MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.:                              FILED AUGUST 09, 2019

       Randy Reyes Deleon (Appellant) appeals from the judgment of sentence

imposed after a jury found him guilty of kidnapping, unlawful restraint, and

firearms not to be carried without a license.1 Upon review, we affirm on the

basis of the trial court’s Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion.

       Briefly, the evidence established that Appellant and A.S. (Victim) dated

for approximately two years before the relationship ended in late 2016. Victim

testified that on the afternoon of June 12, 2017, Appellant began to follow her

while she was driving through the Borough of Wyomissing. While she was

stopped at an intersection, Appellant used his vehicle to trap Victim’s car

against a third vehicle. Appellant then smashed Victim’s car window, opened

the driver’s door, entered Victim’s vehicle while pushing her into the

____________________________________________


1   18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2901(a)(3), 2902(a)(1), 6106(a)(1).
____________________________________
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S41024-19


passenger’s seat, and forced her to end her call to 911 for help. Appellant

was carrying a loaded 9-millimeter handgun.       Victim stated that Appellant

drove her vehicle across a sidewalk and through a lawn as he took her to a

secluded location roughly 10 to 15 minutes away.           Victim testified that

Appellant then told her to get out of her vehicle and forced her to walk a

distance through the forest until they reached the home of one of Appellant’s

friends. Appellant held Victim captive in the home for several hours until a

standoff with the police resulted in Appellant’s arrest.

       On March 29, 2018, a jury found Appellant guilty of kidnapping, unlawful

restraint, and firearms not to be carried without a license. On April 30, 2018,

the trial court sentenced Appellant to an aggregate term of 11 to 22 years of

incarceration. On May 9, 2018, Appellant filed timely post-sentence motions,

which the trial court denied on May 16, 2018. This timely appeal followed.2

       On appeal, Appellant presents the following issues for review:

       A.     WHETHER THE EVIDENCE WAS INSUFFICIENT AS A MATTER
              OF LAW AS TO KIDNAPPING. THE EVIDENCE DID NOT
              SUPPORT THE SUBSTANTIAL DISTANCE ELEMENT OR THE
              REMOVING FROM PLACE VICTIM WAS FOUND. VICTIM WAS
              NOT HELD AGAINST WILL. VICTIM COULD LEAVE THE CAR
              AND DID LEAVE THE CAR?

       B.     WHETHER THE EVIDENCE WAS INSUFFICIENT AS MATTER
              OF LAW AS TO UNLAWFUL RESTRAINT; EXPOSING TO RISK
              OF SERIOUS BODILY INJURY?

       C.     WHETHER THE SENTENCE WAS EXCESSIVE AND PRIOR
              RECORD SCORE CALCULATION WAS IN ERROR?
____________________________________________


2   Both the trial court and Appellant have complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

                                           -2-
J-S41024-19



Appellant’s Brief at 5.

      Appellant’s first two issues challenge the sufficiency of the evidence of

his kidnapping and unlawful restraint convictions.         With respect to his

kidnapping conviction, Appellant argues that the Commonwealth did not prove

that he removed Victim a substantial distance against her will. With regard

to his unlawful restraint conviction, Appellant argues that the Commonwealth

failed to prove he exposed Victim to a risk of serious bodily injury.

      For claims challenging the sufficiency of the evidence, we recognize:

         As a general matter, our standard of review of sufficiency
      claims requires that we evaluate the record in the light most
      favorable to the verdict winner giving the prosecution the benefit
      of all reasonable inferences to be drawn from the evidence.
      Evidence will be deemed sufficient to support the verdict when it
      establishes each material element of the crime charged and the
      commission thereof by the accused, beyond a reasonable doubt.
      Nevertheless, the Commonwealth need not establish guilt to a
      mathematical certainty. Any doubt about the defendant’s guilt is
      to be resolved by the fact finder unless the evidence is so weak
      and inconclusive that, as a matter of law, no probability of fact
      can be drawn from the combined circumstances.

          The Commonwealth may sustain its burden by means of wholly
      circumstantial evidence. Accordingly, [t]he fact that the evidence
      establishing a defendant’s participation in a crime is circumstantial
      does not preclude a conviction where the evidence coupled with
      the reasonable inferences drawn therefrom overcomes the
      presumption of innocence. Significantly, we may not substitute
      our judgment for that of the fact finder; thus, so long as the
      evidence adduced, accepted in the light most favorable to the
      Commonwealth, demonstrates the respective elements of a
      defendant’s crimes beyond a reasonable doubt, the appellant’s
      convictions will be upheld.




                                      -3-
J-S41024-19


Commonwealth v. Franklin, 69 A.3d 719, 722-23 (Pa. Super. 2013)

(internal quotations and citations omitted).    Importantly, “the jury, which

passes upon the weight and credibility of each witness’s testimony, is free to

believe all, part, or none of the evidence.” Commonwealth v. Ramtahal,

33 A.3d 602, 607 (Pa. 2011).

     For his third issue, Appellant challenges this discretionary aspects of his

sentence. As the trial court pointed out, Appellant has waived this claim for

purposes of our review because Appellant’s Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement only

contains a vague assertion that his sentence “was excessive and prior record

score calculation was in error.” Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Statement, 7/16/18. We

have explained, “[i]f a Rule 1925(b) statement is too vague, the trial judge

may find waiver and disregard any argument.” Commonwealth v. Reeves,

907 A.2d 1, 2 (Pa. Super. 2006); see also Commonwealth v. Hansley, 24

A.3d 410, 415 (Pa. Super. 2011) (stating that “if a concise statement is too

vague, the court may find waiver”).

     In sum, having reviewed Appellant’s brief, the record, and prevailing

law, we conclude that there was no error or abuse of discretion in this case.

Further, the Honorable Patrick T. Barrett, sitting as the trial court, has

authored a comprehensive and well-reasoned opinion that accurately recounts

the evidence and disposes of Appellant’s sufficiency and sentencing issues.

Accordingly, we adopt Judge Barrett’s January 23, 2019 opinion as our own in

affirming Appellant’s judgment of sentence. Because we have adopted the


                                      -4-
J-S41024-19


trial court’s opinion, we direct the parties to include it in all future filings

relating to the merits of this appeal.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.



Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 8/9/2019




                                         -5-
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                 COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF BERKS COU:KTY -CRIMINAL,


COMMON\VEALTH OF J>ENNSYL,VAJ'IIA                                    No.CP-06-CR-0003259-2017

   v.                                                                960 MDA 2018

RAi'IOY REYES OELEON                                                  Patrick BARRETT, J.


                                        RlJLF. I 92S(A) OPINION


I. INTRODUCTI0:-1

   Defendant/Appellant, Randy Reyes-Deleon, filed this direct appeal from the judgment of sentence

entered April 30, 2018, as made final by the order of May 16. 2018 denying his Post-Sentence Motion.



II. BACKGROUND

    Following a two-day trial held March 28-29, 201 S, Defendant was convicted by a jury of

kidnapping, carrying a firearm withou1 a license, and unlawful restraint.'

   Defendant and his ex-girlfriend ('�A.S''), the victim in this case, dated on-nnd-offfor about two years

before they broke up in late 20l6. On the afternoon of June L2. 2017, about seven or eight months after

A.S. and Defendant stopped dating, A.S. was m the home of a male acquaintance in Wyomissing, Berks

County. Around 2:00 p.m. she left and began driving home on Reading Boulevard. As she drove on

Reading Boulevard ..:\..S. noticed that Defendant was driving behind her, operating a white Hyundai
Santa Fe. When the two vehicles stopped at a red light at the intersection of Wyomissing Boulevard,

Defendant drove his vehicle in front of A.S. As t\.S. tried to reverse to get away. Defendant




' 18 P,.C.S. §§ 290 t (•J(JJ, 6106(a)(l), ond\MO�(Ul'.l),J�s�v.iy. Defendant was also charged at Count 2 of the
Information with persons not to posses, CireJrms.,
                                                  Thhc'f™r'MO?vcred for tri.al and, on June 4, 2018, the court
granted the Commoowealth's Motion for NCIJlbYls�i.

                                                                                                          P•gelofl2
 maneuvered his car to trap AS. 's vehicle between his Santa Fe and a parked vehicle. AS. was not able

to move her car.

       Defendant got out of his car and began screaming, telling AS. to wind down her window. When

AS. refused, Defendant smashed her driver's side window, opened the door, climbed in the driver's side

door, and shoved AS. into the passenger seat. A.S. called 9-1-1 from her cell phone. On the tape

recording of the call A.S. can be heard screaming "get out," "get off me," and "help me." Defendant can

also be heard saying "hang up, hang up, hang up." Defendant took control of AS.'s vehicle and drove

away, speeding across the lawn of Atonement Lutheran Church and leaving his unattended Santa Fe

vehicle still running in the middle of the street.

    During the kidnapping, Defendant had a fully operational, loaded Astra 9mm handgun on his person

and in the vehicle as they drove around Wyomissing and the West Reading area for about 10-15

minutes. During this time Defendant talked to AS. about their former relationship and indicated that he

wanted to get back together. Defendant ultimately parked in the parking lot of Wyomissing Garden

Apartments near Berks Catholic High School. Once parked, Defendant got out of the car, placed the

gun in his pants waistband, walked around to the passenger side, and removed AS. from the car by her

wrist. AS. did not know where Defendant was taking her.

   After Defendant forced AS. to get out of the vehicle, he dragged her through the woods to the

Oakbrook Homes public housing development and took her inside a home. Defendant carried the

handgun into the home with him. The home, which is located within the City of Reading, belonged to

Defendant's family friend, Sarah Jimenez. AS. had never been to the home and did not know where she

was.

   Ms. Jimenez and her boyfriend were in the home when Defendant and AS. went inside. AS. did

not recognize the man or Ms. Jimenez and did not immediately say anything to either of them about her

present situation. Likewise, Ms. Jimenez did not know AS. A.S. and Defendant were both crying as


                                                                                           Page 2 of 12
they entered the home. A second woman appeared inside the home, Ms. Jimenez's daughter, Lilliam.

A.S. sat down on the couch next to Lilliam and continued crying while Defendant continued to yell. At

the direction of Ms. Jimenez, Lilliam escorted A.S. to a bedroom upstairs while Defendant remained on

the main floor in the kitchen with Ms. Jimenez. Defendant told A.S. to stay in an upstairs room and said

he would not let her leave. While in the house Defendant threatened A.S. that if she contacted the cops

he would react, and told her that he would have shot A.S. and her male acquaintance if he had seen them

together. Ms. Jimenez was able to convince Defendant to give her the gun, which she placed on the top

shelf of a closet.

    Shortly after the Defendant took control of A.S.'s vehicle, the Wyomissing Police Department was

notified of an abandoned Hyundai Santa Fe vehicle and an altercation at the location of Wyomissing and

Reading Boulevards. Around 5:00 p.m. the Wyomissing Police Department determined that there had

been a kidnapping. Eventually law enforcement learned that the subject individuals were in the home in

the Oakbrook Homes complex, and at 7:10 p.m. the Reading Police Department established a formal

perimeter around the home and attempted to make contact via a public address system. Multiple

individuals came out from inside the home, but Defendant remained inside. After approximately an

hour the Reading Police Department requested the assistance of the Pennsylvania State Police Special

Emergency Response Team ("SERT") because the Jimenez home was in a densely-populated

neighborhood and it was beginning to get dark. Before the entire SERT team could deploy, Defendant

walked out of the home and was taken into custody. Later that evening the handgun was retrieved from

inside the home with the assistance of Ms. Jimenez.

    Throughout the ordeal Defendant did not take A.S. 's cell phone from her. A.S. had her cell phone

on her the entire time she was in the home, including when she was upstairs with Lilliam and Defendant

was downstairs with Ms. Jimenez. All   tA!ci')tli�uncide£ft'i;teii for more than four hours.
                                       S2 �� Wd El N'1f blGl
                                        s1cnu J
                                           • J   ••   I•      •   t • '; : •· \ - ·�

                                                           j\J l"'',:d , .. ,
                                                                                       f '




                                                                                               Page 3 of 12
        After taking over control of A.S.'s vehicle, Defendant dragged her into an unfamiliar home and

    remained inside the house with A.S. the entire time only permitting her to leave once a Special

    Emergency Repose police unit had completely surrounded the home. A.S. was scared the entire time.

    Defendant did not cause any physical bodily injury.

       The trial court sentenced Defendant to an aggregate term of 11 to 22 years' imprisonment (with 323

    days' credit for time served).

       Defendant, by and through his attorney, Daniel C. Nevins, Esquire, filed a Post-Sentence Motion on

    May 9, 2018, which this Court denied without a hearing on May 16, 2018. The same day the court

    denied Defendant's Post-Sentence Motion (May 16, 2018), Defendant filed a pro se Motion for

    Removal of Counsel and Post-Sentence Collateral Relief dated May 1, 2018 (i.e., the day after

    sentencing). This pro se motion was received by the undersigned judge on May 23, 2018 and, on June

4, 2018, the court entered an order permitting Mr. Nevins leave to withdraw as counsel.'

       The court had not yet entered an order concerning Defendant's pro se motion for "Post-Sentence

Collateral Relief" when, on June 13, 2018, Defendant filed a timely, pro se Notice of Appeal to the

Superior Court.3

       On June 25, 2018, the court issued an order directing a concise statement of errors complained of on

appeal. On July 2, 2018, John J. McMahon, Jr., Esquire entered his appearance for Defendant and, on

July 16, 2018, filed and served a timely, counseled Concise Statement of Errors Complained of on

Appeal (hereinafter, the "Statement").




2 Defendant was initially represented by James M. Polyak, Esquire. Mr. Polyak withdrew as counsel on October 11,
2017, and Mr. Nevins simultaneously entered his appearance. Mr. Nevins represented Defendant through the post-
sentence stage.
3 Pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1701, this Court has not proceeded further with Defendant's

prose post-sentence motion.
                                                                                                    Page 4 of 12
III. DISCUSSION

    Defendant asserts three assignments of error. The first and second issues concern the sufficiency of

evidence to sustain the guilty verdicts of kidnapping and unlawful restraint, respectively. The third

claim concerns the length of his sentence.

    Defendant's Statement, verbatim, reads in its entirety as follows:

        The Defendant, Randy Reyes DeLeon, by and thought counsel, Jack McMahon, Esquire,
        avers the following:

    1. Evidence was insufficient as a matter of law as to kidnapping. The evidence did not
       support the substantial distance element or the removing from place victim was found.
       Victim was not held against will. Victim could leave the car and did leave the car.

    2. Evidence was insufficient as matter of law as to unlawful restraint; exposing to risk of
       serious bodily injury

    3. Sentence was excessive and prior record score calculation was in error.

( Concise Statement of Matters Com plained of on Appeal, 07I16/2018).



Statement pf Error #1

   Defendant first asserts as error insufficient evidence of various elements of kidnapping. Defendant's

first claim is two parts. He claims there was insufficient evidence that the victim was moved a

substantial distance or that Defendant removed the victim from the place where she was found.

Defendant was charged and convicted with violating the following section of the kidnapping statute, 18

Pa.C.S. § 2901:

       (a) Offense defined - [A] person is guilty of kidnapping if he unlawfully removes
           another a substantial distance under the circumstances from the place where he is
           found, Q! if he unlawfully confines another for a substantial period in a place of
           isolation, with any of the following intentions:

       ***
               (3) To inflict bodily injury on or to terrorize the victim or another.

18 Pa.C.S. § 290 l(a)(3) (emphasis added).


                                                                                             Page 5 of 12
        Initially, Defendant's claim that the evidence of kidnapping was insufficient as a matter of law

    because, "it did not support the substantial distance element" totally ignores that his kidnapping

    conviction may have been based on unlawful confinement for a substantial period in a place of isolation.

    In other words, the Commonwealth need not establish in every case that the defendant removed "another

    a substantial distance" if there is sufficient evidence that the defendant unlawfully confined another for a

    substantial period in a place of isolation. In the instant matter the Commonwealth presented substantial

evidence to allow a jury to convict under either provisions, and Defendant's claim lacks merit.

       A removal or confinement is unlawful within the meaning of the offense of kidnapping if it is

accomplished by force, threat, or deception. 18 Pa.C.S. § 2901(b)(l). The determination of whether the

victim was moved a substantial distance is evaluated under the circumstances of the incident.

Commonwealth v. Malloy, 856 A.2d 767 (Pa. 2004). "For purposes of the kidnapping statute, a

substantial distance is not limited to a defined linear distance or a certain time period." Id. at 779. A

"substantial distance" is a distance that isolates the victim and exposes the victim to an increased risk of

harm. In re TG., 836 A.2d 1003 (Pa. Super. 2003). See Commonwealth v. Dehoniesto, 624 A.2d 156

(Pa. Super. 1993) (in a prosecution for kidnapping, the removal of the victim was far enough to

constitute a substantial distance where the victim was taken at gunpoint from her home and transported

about six miles to an isolated park); Commonwealth v. Hughes, 399 A.2d 694 (Pa. Super. 1979)(court

sustained appellant's conviction for kidnapping where victim was taken two miles to an isolated area

where she was raped and thereafter returned)"; Malloy, supra. (defendant's act of transporting his victim

by car 10 to 12 blocks to a secluded lot where he was lured out of the car and shot was movement

substantial enough to support a kidnapping conviction).




4
  "[Since] the wooded area to which she was brought was in an isolated area, seemingly beyond the aid of her friends
and police [, ... ] two miles is a substantial enough distance to place the victim in a completely different environmental
setting removed from the security of familiar surroundings." Hughes, 399 A.2d at 698.
                                                                                                           Page 6 of 12
    In the instant case, the evidence established that Defendant transported the victim a substantial

distance to a secluded, wooded area, then into a home where he held her for over four hours, and by his

conduct exposed A.S. to an increased risk of harm each step of the way. First, Defendant pinned A.S.'s

car against another vehicle in the middle of traffic with his own vehicle, smashed her car window open,

pushed her into the passenger seat, and forced her to hang up in the middle of a 9-1-1 call for help.

Defendant drove across a sidewalk and a lawn as he left the intersection and drove the victim around in

her own car with an operational, loaded Astra 9mm handgun on his person for 10-15 minutes before

stopping the car in a parking lot approximately four or five miles from the scene of the initial abduction

and taking her into an unfamiliar home. Once inside the home he engaged in an hour's long hold-out

while multiple police units, including a SWAT team, surrounded the residence. In short, this evidence is

more than sufficient to demonstrate that Defendant kidnapped his ex-girlfriend, A.S.




Statement of Error #2

    Defendant's next contention is that the evidence was insufficient as to his conviction for unlawful

restraint. Specifically, Defendant asserts there was insufficient evidence that the victim was exposed to

the risk of serious bodily injury.

    Defendant was charged and convicted with violating the following section of the unlawful restraint

statute, 18 Pa.C.S. § 2902:

    ( a) Offense defined - [A] person commits a misdemeanor of the first degree if he knowingly:

        ***
        ( 1) restrains another unlawfully in circumstances exposing him to risk of serious bodily
        inJury

18 Pa.C.S. § 2902(a)(l ). "This section establishes a crime between kidnapping and false imprisonment

[ and] is intended to cover restraints which do not reach the magnitude of kidnapping but are somewhat

more serious than mere false imprisonment." Official Comment to 18 Pa.C.S. § 2902.


                                                                                              Page 7 of 12
    In Commonwealth v. Schilling, 431 A.2d 1088 (Pa. Super. 1981 ), the defendant used a pellet gun or

air pistol to force his victim to perform oral sex and he was subsequently charged with unlawful

restraint, among other things. The defendant argued he could not be convicted under section (1) of the

statute as the Commonwealth failed to prove he exposed his victim to serious bodily injury. The

Superior Court said:

        In [Commonwealth v. Trowbridge, 261 Pa.Super. 109, 395 A.2d 1337 (1978) ], this Court
        noted that with respect to the crime of recklessly endangering another person that mere
        apparent ability to inflict harm is not enough to support a conviction for this crime. It was
        held that an actual danger of harm must be shown. Although Trowbridge did not deal
        with the same crime we have here, it is important with respect to the fact that the
        Commonwealth had to prove an actual danger of serious bodily injury with regard to the
        pointing of an air rifle. In Trowbridge we held that the Commonwealth must prove either
        that the gun was loaded or that the surrounding circumstances were inherently dangerous
        in order to sufficiently show an actual danger in serious bodily injury.

Schilling at 1092 (emphasis in original).

    Instantly, the Commonwealth established that Defendant possessed a 9mm handgun, the gun was

loaded, the gun was not secured, and A.S. was exposed to the gun throughout the incident. In addition,

Defendant did not use an air gun like the defendant in Schilling, but a fully-operational 9mm handgun

which is inherently more dangerous. Moreover, the second part of the analysis has been met in that

Defendant subjected his victim to circumstances which were inherently dangerous. Pinning AS. against

another vehicle in traffic, smashing in her window, entering the running vehicle and shoving her into the

passenger seat, taking control of the car and driving across a sidewalk and church yard all while carrying

a loaded weapon - not to mention forcing her to remain inside a home she had never been in and despite

the growing presence of armed law enforcement outside the residence - was sufficient proof of

inherently dangerous circumstances showing Defendant had placed A.S. in danger of serious bodily

harm.




                                                                                               Page 8 of 12
    Statement of Error #3

       Defendant next contends that the trial court erred in sentencing him. He asserts that (a) the sentence

    was excessive and (b) the prior record score calculation was in error. This Court submits that both of

    Defendant's sentencing claims are waived.

           (a)     This court sentenced Defendant to 7.5 to 15 years for Count 1 (kidnapping) and 3.5 to 7

years for Count 3 (carrying a firearm without a license), to run consecutively, for a total minimum

    sentence of 11 years. In his Statement, Defendant does not specify why he claims the sentence is

excessive. He merely states: "Sentence is excessive[.]" (Concise Statement of Matters Complained of

on Appeal, 07/16/2018, at 3 ).

       In Commonwealth v. Lemon, 804 A.2d 34 (Pa. Super. 2002), the appellant made only a very general

and vague statement in his l 925(b) statement, that "[t]he trial judge erred in sentencing the Appellant to

the term of imprisomnent to which he was sentenced," without stating specific reasons. As a result, the

trial court summarily dismissed Lemon's discretionary challenge and the Superior Court affirmed and

held that the issue was waived because Lemon failed to identify this precise issue specifically enough in

his l 925(b) statement, and the trial court was left to frame and raise the issue for Lemon. In so holding,

the Superior Court stated: "We specifically conclude that when an appellant fails to identify in a vague

Pa.R.A.P. l 925(b) statement the specific issue he/she wants to raise on appeal, the issue is waived, even

if the trial court guesses correctly and addresses the issue in its Pa.R.A.P. l 925(a) opinion." Lemon, 804

A.2d at 38. Further, "[t]he trial court may not frame the issues for an appellant, either by guessing or

anticipating." Id.

       In the instant case, Defendant's Pa.R.A.P.1925(b) Statement is too general and vague to apprise this

Court of the precise issue to be raised. Although one might conclude based on Defendant's counseled

post-sentence motion that he believes the court should not have imposed consecutive sentences, 5 this


5  In his counseled Post-Sentence Motion, Defendant did not challenge the legality of sentence, but only its
discretionary aspects; namely, the decision to impose consecutive sentences.      See Post-Sentence Motion
                                                                                                 Page 9 of 12
 Court is prohibited under the holding and rationale in Lemon from inferring and/or framing an issue in

 specific terms that is not specified in a l 925(b) statement. Therefore, Defendant's claim that the

 sentence is excessive is waived.

     Notwithstanding waiver for lack of specificity, this claim of error is not appropriate on appeal. An

appellant must raise a substantial question as to the appropriateness of the sentence which would permit

an appellate court to accept the appeal as to this issue. Commonwealth v. Tuladziecki, 522 A.2d 17 (Pa.

 1987). Here, Defendant is challenging the court's imposition of consecutive rather than concurrent

sentences. Such a challenge does not present a substantial question. See Commonwealth v. Gaddis, 639

A.2d 462, 469-470 (Pa. Super. 1994)(a challenge to the court's imposing consecutive rather than

concurrent sentences does not present a substantial question regarding the discretionary aspects of

sentence). Furthermore, long-standing precedent recognizes that 42 Pa. C.S. § 9721 affords the

sentencing court discretion to impose a sentence concurrently or consecutively to other sentences being

imposed at the same time, upon consideration of the individual circumstances concerning the defendant

and the many crimes he committed. This Court's decision to run Count 3 consecutively to Count 1 is

consistent with the concern raised by several Pennsylvania appellate courts that defendants not be given

"volume discounts" for multiple criminal acts that arose out of one larger criminal transaction). See

Commonwealth v. Anderson, 650 A.2d 20, 22 (Pa. 1994); Commonwealth v. Hoag, 665 A.2d 1212, 1214

(Pa .Super. 1995).

    In fashioning Defendant's sentence, this Court also carefully considered the particular circumstances

of the offenses and the character of Defendant. Defendant followed his ex-girlfriend as she drove on

Wyomissing Boulevard about 3 p.m. on a Monday afternoon. He pinned her vehicle against another

before getting out of his car to confront her. When she refused to put down her window, he smashed the

driver's side window, shoved her into the passenger scat and drove away, speeding across the lawn of


(05/09/2018) at 5-8 (Defendant "believes that making the sentences consecutive is excessive," and "submits that
making the sentences consecutive violates due process and the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishments.").
                                                                                                    Page 10 of 12
Atonement Lutheran Church and leaving his unattended vehicle still running in the middle of the street.

A 9-1-1 call from the victim was played at trial in which Defendant can be heard demanding that the

victim hang up. In addition, this case involved a deadly weapon. During the kidnapping, Defendant

carried a loaded handgun near the victim as they drove around for 10-15 minutes. Defendant ultimately

parked in an apartment parking lot and, with the gun on his person, grabbed the victim by her wrists and

forced her out of the vehicle. At that point he dragged her through the woods to a different apartment

complex and took her inside an unfamiliar home. He told the victim to stay in an upstairs room and

remained with the victim inside the house for more than four hours, only permitting her to leave once

police surrounded the home.

    This Court also noted that Defendant, who was only 22-years-old at the time of the kidnapping, has a

history of criminal activity and violence against innocent women. That history includes a juvenile

felony adjudication for escape, as well as two Felony 2 adult convictions for criminal trespass, false

imprisonment, and indirect criminal contempt for violation for a Protection From Abuse Order. Such

behavior, despite previous stints in prison and probation, demonstrate that society, and particularly

women who are/were close to him, needs to be protected from Defendant. Defendant made the

conscious decision to hold on to his violent behavior toward women, and escalated his crimes to

kidnapping his ex-girlfriend at gunpoint in broad daylight while she was driving her vehicle down a

busy street. He then drove off in her vehicle demanding that she hang up her 9-1-1 call for help. Still

further, Defendant reached out to A.S. in an effort to prevent her from testifying at trial despite a court

order prohibiting contact. Defendant, through his friend "Randy", personally gave A.S. one thousand

dollars in the hopes that she would refuse to appear and testify.

    At this point, Mr. Reyes-Deleon has exhausted his rehabilitative opportunities and his history

demonstrates he is simply not amenable to further community supervision. He will continue to be a

significant risk to commit violent acts against women if he is not incarcerated. Therefore, a sentence


                                                                                               Page 11 of 12
    was imposed to protect the community from Defendant's criminal behavior, as well as to protect

    Defendant from his own self-destructive behavior. Ultimately, this Court determined that incarceration

    is necessary and is clearly warranted in this case.

           (b)     Concerning his prior record score calculation, this Court notes that it based Defendant's

    sentence, in part, on a pre-sentence investigation report as well as representations by the Assistant

    District Attorney regarding Defendant's prior record 'score. Defendant, who was represented by counsel

    at sentencing, did not object to the prior record score calculation at that time and his counseled post-

sentence motion does not include this issue. 6 Accordingly, this claim is waived for Defendant's failure

to raise it before the trial court. Further, Defendant's bare claim in his Statement that the "prior record

score calculation was in error" is not sufficiently specific to allow this Court to address the issue.

                                                                    BY THE COURT:




Distribution
Superior Court
Berks Co. Clerk of Courts
Commonwealth - Berks D.A. (James Goldsmith, Esquire)
Defendant's attorney - Jack McMahon, Esquire
Defendant
Judge Barrett
Daniel Nevins, Esquire




6 While Defendant's prose motion for "Post-Sentence Collateral Relief' does claim that his prior record score should
have been a four instead of a five, as noted in Footnote 3 of this Opinion the court has not considered Defendant's pro
se motion. See Motion for Post-Sentence Collateral Relief (05/16/2018) at ,r 14(C). Even so, this claim lacks merit.
The Pre-Sentence Investigation Report generated by Berks County Adult Probation and provided to the court prior to
sentencing erroneously lists his prior record score as on the front page as 4. However, a review of the contents of the
report and Defendant's criminal record indicates that his prior record score was, in fact, a 5. Defendant had two adult
Felony 2 convictions (2 points each) plus one felony adjudication that occurred after his 14th birthday (1 point).
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