                                       NO. 07-10-0143-CV

                                 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                         FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

                                          AT AMARILLO

                                             PANEL A

                                      SEPTEMBER 16, 2011




                          JAMES WILLIAM KOHUTEK, APPELLANT

                                                  v.

                            SHERI RUTH KOHUTEK, APPELLEE



               FROM THE 85TH DISTRICT COURT OF BRAZOS COUNTY;1

             NO. 02-001484-CVD-85; HONORABLE J.D. LANGLEY, JUDGE



Before CAMPBELL and HANCOCK and PIRTLE, JJ.


                                   MEMORANDUM OPINION


       Appellant, James William Kohutek, appeals from a judgment entered in favor of

Sheri Ruth Kohutek in a suit affecting the parent-child relationship ("SAPCR"), following

a bench trial. In support, James presents six issues: (1)-(4) whether the trial court
1
 Originally appealed to the 10th Court of Appeals, this case was transferred to this Court by the Texas
Supreme Court pursuant to its docket equalization efforts. See Tex. Gov=t Code Ann. ' 73.001 (West
2005). We are unaware of any conflict between precedent of the 10th Court of Appeals and that of this
Court on any relevant issue. See Tex. R. App. P. 41.3.
erred by modifying the original divorce decree's provisions related to geographic

restrictions, Christmas possession, airline exchanges of the children, and private school

attendance when Sheri did not specifically plead for the relief granted; (5) whether the

trial court's allocation of travel expenses was fair and equitable; and (6) whether the trial

court erred by modifying the decree's provisions related to educational decisions when

Sheri did not specifically plead for the relief granted. We affirm.


                                            Background


        James and Sheri are the parents of two boys ages 14 and 12, Randall and

Jonathan, respectively. In 2003, James and Sheri divorced per the terms of an Agreed

Final Divorce Decree.         Under the decree, James and Sheri were appointed joint

managing conservators and Sheri was given the exclusive right to establish the primary

residence of the children in Brazos County, Texas.2 The decree also provided that

Christmas holidays would be split between both James and Sheri and that, until

graduation, each parent would be responsible for fifty percent of the boys' private school

tuition at Brazos Christian School, or another private school by agreement of the

parties. James was also ordered to pay Sheri $1,050 per month in child support.


        In March 2008, Sheri filed a Motion to Modify Parent-Child Relationship and

Notice of Hearing.       The motion indicated that the circumstances of Sheri and the

children had materially and substantially changed since the original order issued and

she believed the parties would "enter into a written agreement containing provisions for

2
 The decree provided that "the parties shall not remove the children from Brazos County, Texas, for the
purpose of changing the primary residence of the children until modified by further order of the court of
continuing jurisdiction or by written agreement." (Emphasis added).

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modification of the order providing for conservatorship of the children (removing the

domicile restriction)," and "[contain] provisions for modification . . . providing for

possession of and access to the children." (Emphasis added). She requested that the

terms and conditions for access to or possession of the children be modified "[t]o

remove the domicile restriction on a temporary basis so that [Sheri] and the children

[could] relocate to Alaska for (1) year."


       James's Counterpetition to Modify Parent-Child Relationship requested that he

be appointed joint managing conservator with the exclusive right to determine the

children's residence within Brazos County, Texas, have expanded standard periods of

possession with the children and have his child support payments decreased.            His

Original Answer was a general denial.


       In April 2008, Sheri filed a Motion for Judge to Confer with Children requesting

that the court confer with the children, both at the final hearing and for the temporary

orders, to determine the children's wishes regarding possession and access without the

presence of counsel, the parties, or a record being made.          She also filed a First

Amended Petition to Modify Parent-Child Relationship seeking a modification of

James's child support obligation.


       In May 2008, the trial court issued its Agreed Temporary Orders modifying the

decree as follows: (1) Sheri was granted a temporary modification of the geographic

restriction for one year to permit her to have the exclusive right to designate the primary

residence of the children in Anchorage, Alaska; (2) on or before June 15, 2009, Sheri

was required to notify James whether she intended to relocate in Texas or seek a

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permanent (final order) removing the geographical restriction contained in the decree at

which time the case would be set for trial in Brazos County; (3) the children shall attend

either Birchwood Christian Academy or Anchorage Christian School and the provisions

of the decree regarding allocation of private school tuition would remain in effect; (4)

James would have possession of the children for the entirety of the Christmas break,

December 20, 2008 to January 3, 2009 with Sheri paying the children's round-trip

airfare. (Emphasis added).


      In May 22, 2009, Sheri's counsel sent a letter to James's counsel indicating that

Sheri wanted to extend the Temporary Orders for an additional year before she made a

final decision whether she would return to Texas or seek to remain in Alaska. She

received no response and, in June, notified James's counsel that she was exercising

her option under the Temporary Orders to seek a final order removing the geographic

restriction. A final hearing was scheduled for October 22, 2009. Prior to that hearing,

Sheri responded to discovery requests from James's counsel although James did not

respond to discovery requests from Sheri's counsel.


      Trial


      At trial, Sheri testified that after the divorce in 2003, she was financially strapped,

causing her to work long hours in order to make enough to survive. Her schedule

caused her to either have someone stay with the boys when she wasn't there or have

them accompany her on calls. Because of her schedule, it was difficult for the boys to

have their own activities.    As a result, she began to consider options other than

operating her own veterinary practice. She testified that Brazos County was saturated

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with veterinarians because of its proximity to the veterinary school at Texas A&M and

that there were no job options for her locally.


       In 2007, they traveled to Alaska to visit friends. While she was there, she met

some veterinarians and, when she returned to Texas, the Alaskan veterinarians offered

her a position as a salaried employee working regular hours from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

She discussed the opportunity in Alaska with the boys and they were excited about

making the change.      James did not want the boys to go and, when she sought a

temporary order to lift the geographic restriction, James would not agree. Eventually

she and James did agree to temporarily lift the geographic restriction for one year. The

temporary order gave Sheri the option of seeking a permanent order removing the

geographic restriction, and it provided that the boys would attend one of two private

schools in Alaska.


       During the next year in Alaska, the boys were very happy, relaxed, made straight

"A's" in school and were very involved in church and school activities. Their teachers

believed the boys had adjusted remarkably well. Sheri was working 8:00 a.m. to 4:00

p.m., no longer on call, had a much better life doing small animal medicine and

anticipated long term employment. Her office was only one-half mile from the boys'

school.


       Sheri and the boys regularly attended church at Anchorage Baptist Temple

where the boys were involved in Sunday school and a youth group on Wednesdays.

The boys were also involved in hiking, fishing, snowmobiling, skiing, and dog sledding.

Sheri testified as to the stress the dispute between her and James was causing the

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boys. As a result, Sheri requested that the court remove the Brazos County domicile

restriction and give her the exclusive right to make decisions for the boys' education.

Sheri also testified that she was willing to terminate James's obligation to pay for private

school tuition if he would be responsible for paying airfare for himself or the boys to visit.

According to her testimony, one-half of private school costs were $4,725, while the cost

of flying both boys to Texas four times a year was approximately $4,000, or $1,000 per

trip if tickets were purchased in advance.


       James testified he has been employed at a utility company for thirty-two years

and was in charge of the electrical equipment at the plant. He works at the utility

company from 7:00 a.m. until usually 3:30 p.m. to 5:00 p.m., but he is on call. He

indicated he gets calls in the middle of the night and his company works 24/7. At

varying points in his testimony, he estimated his income was $80,000 to $85,000 per

year.3 James also owns and operates a foundation repair company which he indicated

broke even.


       On December 15, 2009, the trial court issued its order granting Sheri's request

that she have the exclusive right to designate the primary residence of the children and

make decisions regarding the boys' education. The order also provided that James and

Sheri would have possession of the children annually on alternating Thanksgiving and

Christmas holidays and that James would be responsible for 100% of any travel

expenses associated with his possession of the children. Finally, the order relieved

James of the obligation to pay one-half of the children's educational expenses, but it

3
Although he received a letter asking for discovery regarding his income, James did not respond.

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increased his child support obligation to $1,322 per month. James's motion for new trial

was denied after a hearing. On March 5, 2010, by agreement of the parties, the trial

court amended provisions of its earlier order pertaining to logistics for the airline

transportation of the children.4 This appeal followed.


                                            Discussion


       James asserts the trial court abused its discretion by modifying the decree's

provisions related to geographic restrictions, Christmas possession, private school

attendance in Alaska and provisions related to educational decisions when Sheri did not

specifically plead for the relief granted. He also questions whether the trial court's

allocation of travel expenses was fair and equitable.


       Modification of a SAPCR Order


       A court with continuing, exclusive jurisdiction may modify an order that provides

for the conservatorship, support, or possession of and access to a child; Tex. Fam.

Code Ann. § 156.001 (West 2008),5 if modification would be in the best interest of the

child and (1) the circumstances of the child, a conservator, or other party affected by the

order have materially and substantially changed since the earlier of the date of the

rendition of the order or the date of the signing of a mediated or collaborative law


4
 Although the parties agreement moots James third issue pertaining to airline exchanges, his complaint
that Sheri did not specifically plead for that relief would subject to the same analysis and fate as his
complaint in issues one, two, four and six.
5
 Throughout the remainder of this opinion, provisions of the Texas Family Code will be cited as "§ ____"
or "section ____."



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settlement agreement, or (2) the child is at least twelve years of age and has expressed

to the court in chambers, as provided in Section 153.009, the name of the person who is

the child's preference to have exclusive right to designate the primary residence of the

child. Id. at § 156.101(a)(1), (2). The Texas Rules of Civil Procedure applicable to the

filing of an original proceeding apply to a suit for modification of a SAPCR order. §

156.004. In addition, if a change in residence results in increased expenses for a party

having possession or access to a child, the court may also render orders to allocate the

increased expenses on a fair and equitable basis, taking into account the cause of the

increased expenses and the best interests of the child. § 156.103.


       Standard of Review


       In a SAPCR proceeding, we review a trial court's decision to modify under an

abuse of discretion standard. See Seidel v. Seidel, 10 S.W.3d 365, 368 (Tex.App.--

Dallas 1999, no pet.). A trial court abuses its discretion when it acts in an arbitrary or

unreasonable manner or when it acts without reference to any guiding principles. Id.


       Pleading Requirements


       Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 90 provides that "[e]very defect, omission or fault

in a pleading either of form or of substance, which is not specifically pointed out by

exception in writing and brought to the attention of the judge in the trial court . . . . in a

non-jury case, before the judgment is signed, shall be deemed to have been waived by




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the party seeking reversal on such account" except as to any party against whom

default judgment is rendered.6 (Emphasis added). Tex. R. Civ. P. 90.


        Here, James failed to object in writing or bring to the attention of the trial court

any insufficiency in Sheri's pleadings when Sheri's counsel informed the trial court that

Sheri was seeking to modify the decree's provisions related to geographic restrictions,

Christmas possession, private school attendance in Alaska or provisions related to

educational decisions. He also failed to object at trial when Sheri testified as to the

modifications she sought or when the trial court gave its oral pronouncement addressing

these issues at the trial's conclusion.             Accordingly, James waived his complaints

regarding Sheri's lack of adequate pleading. See Horne v. Harwell, 533 S.W.2d 450,

451-52 (Tex.Civ.App.--Austin 1976, writ ref'd n.r.e.) (issue waived where no special

exception taken to appellee's failure to plead that the circumstances of the child had

materially or substantially changed); Gonzalez v. Gonzalez, 484 S.W.2d 611, 612-13

(Tex.Civ.App.--El Paso 1972, no writ) (issue waived where no special exception or

objection made to appellee's failure to plead the residence requirement in her divorce

action).


        Furthermore, the jurisdiction of the trial court was properly invoked by Sheri's

motion to modify the decree with respect to the custody, control, visitation and

possession of the boys. As such, the trial court was "vest[ed] with decretal powers in all

relevant custody, control, possession and visitation matters involving the child[ren]."

6
 James's motion for a new trial was filed in January after the trial court had issued its oral pronouncement
at the bench trial and memorialized its rulings in a written judgment or order nearly a month earlier. The
terms of that order were restated in the Amended Order signed March 5, 2010.

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Eliason v. Eliason, 162 S.W.3d 883, 887 (Tex.App.--Dallas 2005, no pet.) (quoting

Liehold v. Plass, 413 S.W.2d 698, 701 (Tex. 1967)). Moreover, although Rule 301 of

the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure generally requires a judgment to conform to the

pleadings.   "Technical rules of practice and pleadings are of little importance in

determining issues concerning the custody of children." Liehold, 413 S.W.2d at 701.

(citing Conley v. St. Jacques, 110 S.W.2d 1238, 1242 (Tex.Civ.App.--Amarillo 1937)).


       After having heard the bases for Sheri's modification of the decree, James failed

to object and participated fully in the trial through argument, testimony and cross-

examination. Therefore, it is of no legal consequence whether Sheri pled that she be

given all the rights that she ultimately received. See Liehold, 413 S.W.2d at 701. See

also Tex. R. Civ. P. 67 ("When issues not raised by the pleadings are tried by express

or implied consent of the parties, they shall be treated in all respects as if they had been

raised by the pleadings.") Mayo v. Hall, 571 S.W.2d 213, 215 (Tex.Civ.App.--Waco

1978, no writ) (issues as to modification of visitation and support tried by both express

and implied consent of the parties). Accordingly, under these circumstances, we cannot

say that the trial court abused its discretion in granting Sheri the modifications she

requested. Issues one, two, four and six are overruled.


       Travel Expenses


       The only evidence at trial on the issue of whether the decree should be modified

to make Sheri entirely responsible for paying the boys' private school expenses and

James responsible for all travel expenses was Sheri's testimony indicating that one-half

of private school tuition was $4,725 while the cost of flying both boys to Texas four

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times a year was approximately $4,000. At trial, James did not counter or object to

Sheri's estimate that the boys would make four trips to Texas a year7 or offer any

evidence of the frequency with which he intended to visit Alaska or have the boys come

to Texas. Neither did he present any alternative evidence to Sheri's estimate of the cost

of airlines tickets at the bench trial.8 Under the circumstances, we cannot say that the

trial court's modification was arbitrary, unreasonable or without reference to guiding

principles in making the modification. Issue five is overruled.


                                              Conclusion


        The trial court’s judgment is affirmed.




                                                                   Patrick A. Pirtle
                                                                       Justice




7
 Sheri's estimate assumed that James would exercise his right to have the boys visit Texas for
Thanksgiving or Christmas each year, Easter vacation, forty-two days of summer possession and an
additional long weekend. The evidence at trial, however, indicated there were long periods in which
James did not exercise his right to possession and once exercised his right to summer possession of only
two weeks. In 2008, the boys visited James in Texas during Easter vacation and, in 2009, spent two
weeks in the summer with him in Texas in addition to another visit. In 2009, James also visited the boys
in Alaska.
8
 In his appellate brief, we note that James's recitation of the facts contains one or more statements of fact
which are outside the record and not supported by the evidence presented at trial. An appellate court
may not consider matters, or information, outside the record. See In re M.S., 115 S.W.3d 534, 546 (Tex.
2003) ("this Court - or any appellate court - may only consider the record presented to it"); In re: Allstate
Ins. Co., 232 S.W.3d 340, 343 (Tex.App.--Tyler 2007, no pet.) ("our review is limited to the record as it
existed before the trial court at the time it made its decision"); Siefkas v. Siefkas, 902 S.W.2d 72, 74
(Tex.App.--El Paso 1995, no writ).

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