[Cite as State v. Boggs, 2018-Ohio-1369.]


STATE OF OHIO                     )                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                  )ss:               NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT                  )

STATE OF OHIO                                        C.A. No.      28852

        Appellee

        v.                                           APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                     ENTERED IN THE
SHELDON L. BOGGS, et al.                             COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                                                     COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
        Appellants                                   CASE No.   CR-2017-04-1476-A

                                 DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: April 11, 2018



        CARR, Judge.

        {¶1}     Appellants, Sheldon Boggs and Donald Boggs, Jr. (“Father”), appeal from the

judgment of the Summit County Court of Common Pleas, ordering the forfeiture of certain

property. This Court affirms.

                                                I.

        {¶2}     The Summit County Drug Unit began investigating Boggs after several

individuals reported that he was selling drugs out of his residence. Boggs was 18 years old at the

time and living with his brother, his grandparents, and Father. He attended a local high school,

as well as a local career center, and drove a 2011 Chevrolet Impala (“the Car”). When members

of the Drug Unit conducted surveillance and three controlled buys with Boggs, they determined

that he would use the Car to drive home from high school and conduct his illegal transactions

before driving to the career center. On April 20, 2017, the Drug Unit executed a search warrant
                                                  2


at his residence. The search uncovered powder cocaine, a rock of crack cocaine, marijuana,

Xanax, several guns, and $6,326 in cash.

        {¶3}     A grand jury indicted Boggs on counts of (1) trafficking in and possession of

cocaine, (2) trafficking in and possession of Alprazolam, and (3) trafficking in and possession of

marijuana. Each trafficking count also contained two attendant forfeiture specifications. The

first set of specifications related to the $6,326 in cash. The second set of specifications related to

the Car. Because the Car was registered in Father’s name, Father also was named in the

indictment, but strictly with respect to the second set of specifications.

        {¶4}     Boggs pleaded guilty to reduced charges, and the court sentenced him to two

years of community control. Because he did not plead guilty to the forfeiture specifications that

related to the Car, the court set the matter for a forfeiture hearing. After listening to the

testimony and evidence presented at the hearing, the court determined that the Car had been

obtained either directly or indirectly as a result of criminal activity. As such, it entered an order

of forfeiture.

        {¶5}     Boggs and Father now appeal from the court’s forfeiture order and raise one

assignment of error for our review.

                                                  II.

                                   ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

        THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY ORDERING THE FORFEITURE OF
        APPELLANT DONALD BOGGS, JR.’S 2011 CHEVROLET IMPALA, VIN
        #2G1WC5EM5B1218395 TO THE SUMMIT COUNTY DRUG UNIT AS THE
        EVIDENCE AT TRIAL WAS INSUFFICIENT AS A MATTER OF LAW.

        {¶6}     In their sole assignment of error, Boggs and Father argue that the trial court erred

when it ordered the forfeiture of the Car. We disagree.
                                                3


       {¶7}    If a person pleads guilty to or is convicted of a criminal offense that includes a

forfeiture specification, “the trier of fact shall determine whether the person’s property shall be

forfeited.” R.C. 2981.04(B). The State bears the burden of proving “by clear and convincing

evidence that the property is in whole or part subject to forfeiture * * *.”1 Id. Clear and

convincing evidence is that “which will produce in the mind of the trier of facts a firm belief or

conviction as to the facts sought to be established.” Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469 (1954),

paragraph three of the syllabus. This Court will uphold a trial court’s forfeiture order if the

record contains competent, credible evidence in support of the order. State v. Vu, 9th Dist.

Medina No. 11CA0042-M, 2012-Ohio-746, ¶ 46, quoting C.E. Morris Co. v. Foley Constr. Co.,

54 Ohio St.2d 279 (1978), syllabus.

       {¶8}    “Proceeds derived from or acquired through the commission of an offense” are

subject to forfeiture.   R.C. 2981.02(A)(2).    “In cases involving unlawful * * * activities,

‘proceeds’ means any property derived directly or indirectly from an offense.”                R.C.

2981.01(B)(11)(a). “A defendant’s vehicle may be considered part of ‘proceeds’ that are subject

to forfeiture in a criminal forfeiture proceeding.” State v. Sekse, 12th Dist. Preble No. CA2017-

05-006, 2018-Ohio-703, ¶ 15.

       {¶9}    Detective Ryan Knight, a member of the Summit County Drug Unit, testified on

behalf of the State. He testified that Boggs came to his attention after a number of individuals

reported that he was selling drugs out of his residence. The police arranged surveillance at the


1
  The General Assembly amended R.C. 2981.04(B) on April 6, 2017. The prior version of the
statute only required the State to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that property was
subject to forfeiture. See, e.g., State v. Vu, 9th Dist. Medina No. 11CA0058-M, 2012-Ohio-
2002, ¶ 11. We would note that the trial court here applied the wrong burden of proof because it
found that the State proved its forfeiture case beyond a reasonable doubt. The court’s error was
harmless, however, as the result of the error was to hold the State to an even higher burden of
proof than it was statutorily obligated to satisfy.
                                                4


residence and conducted three controlled buys with Boggs. From that, they learned that Boggs

would drive the Car to high school in the morning, return home at lunch to conduct his drug

sales, and drive to a career center in the afternoon. While conducting their surveillance, Boggs

was the only person that the police saw driving the Car.

       {¶10} Detective Knight testified that, when the Drug Unit executed a search warrant at

Boggs’ residence, they discovered drugs, paraphernalia, and over $6,000 in cash. Virtually all of

the drugs they discovered were found in Boggs’ bedroom, but they also found a rock of crack

cocaine in Father’s bedroom. The $6,000 was found in a cooler in Boggs’ bedroom closet, and

the police also found a money counter in Boggs’ bedroom. Detective Knight confirmed that the

purpose of the latter was to count cash bills and that it was an item he typically came across in

drug cases.

       {¶11} Following the search, Detective Knight interviewed Boggs and Father at the

police station. According to the detective, Boggs admitted ownership of the drugs found in his

room as well as the $6,000 in cash. He indicated that he sold drugs because he had not had a job

in years and, if he worked at all, “it was ‘under-the-table jobs.’” Boggs admitted that he had

used money he earned selling drugs to purchase the Car. He indicated that the reason the Car

was registered in Father’s name was because he had a suspended license.

       {¶12} Detective Knight testified that Father admitted ownership of the rock of crack

cocaine that the police found in his bedroom. According to the detective, when he told Father

that Boggs had admitted selling drugs and using his profits to purchase the Car, Father confessed

that he knew about his son’s activities. He also confessed that he knew his son had used his

profits to buy the Car. Detective Knight testified that Father admitted he had put the Car in his

name to help Boggs because Boggs had a suspended driver’s license. The detective verified that
                                                5


Father was listed as the Car’s owner and that records indicated the Car had been purchased on

March 10, 2017. Though Detective Knight spoke with several family members, he testified that

no one ever claimed another person had purchased the Car for Boggs.

       {¶13} Boggs did not testify at the forfeiture hearing, but Father did. Father testified that

he purchased the Car in March 2017 and paid $10,600 in cash for it. He claimed that the cash

payment was comprised of $2,000 he had borrowed from his mother and $8,600 he had saved

from three roofing jobs he performed in August and October 2016. He acknowledged, however,

that he had not reported any of the roofing jobs on his income taxes. He also acknowledged that

he lost his regular job in March or April 2017 and that no one else in his household had a job.

Father testified that he bought the Car because his old one had broken down and he needed one

to look for work. He admitted, however, that Boggs routinely drove the Car. He claimed that he

allowed Boggs to do so because he had begun conducting online job searches and, in any event,

he intended to give the Car to Boggs for his high school graduation. Father testified that he had

no idea Boggs kept drugs in the house or sold them. He also denied telling Detective Knight that

he knew about his son’s illegal activities. He testified that he thought Boggs frequently had

people over the house because he “was popular at school * * *.”

       {¶14} Father’s mother also testified at the forfeiture hearing. She too testified that

Father had purchased the Car using her $2,000 and money he had earned from various roofing

jobs the previous year. She stated that they had decided to buy the Car because it was being sold

at a good price, they were confident Father would have another job by the time Boggs graduated,

and they wanted to give Boggs the Car as a gift. She testified that both Father and Boggs drove

the Car and she had no knowledge of any illegal drug activity.
                                                6


       {¶15} The trial court indicated that it found Detective Knight’s testimony more credible

and concluded, based upon the evidence presented, that the Car was a proceed of Boggs’ illegal

activity. Boggs argues that the court erred in its determination because the only evidence the

State presented at the forfeiture hearing was “the biased, self-serving, hearsay testimony of

Detective [] Knight.” According to Boggs, no 18 year old would admit to a police officer that he

used drug proceeds to pay for a car. Likewise, he argues that the detective fabricated his

testimony about Father’s confessions.      Boggs asserts that both logic and the evidence he

presented dictate that Father used legal funds to purchase the Car. Thus, he asserts that the court

erred by ordering the Car forfeited.

       {¶16} Upon review, this Court must conclude that the record contains competent,

credible evidence in support of the trial court’s order of forfeiture. See Vu, 2012-Ohio-746, at ¶

46, quoting C.E. Morris Co., 54 Ohio St.2d 279 at syllabus. The State presented evidence that

Boggs sold drugs out of his home and had a large amount of cash in his bedroom, despite being

unemployed. Although Father claimed that he had purchased the Car using borrowed and saved

money, he also acknowledged that he never reported the income he claimed to have earned, he

was the only one in his household with a job, and he lost his job near the time when the Car was

purchased. Moreover, Detective Knight specifically testified that Boggs admitted he used his

drug profits to pay for the Car. To the extent Boggs challenges that testimony as biased or self-

serving, the trial court was in the best position to view the demeanor of the witnesses, listen to

their testimony, and assess their credibility. See A.M. v. D.L., 9th Dist. Medina No. 16CA0059-

M, 2017-Ohio-5621, ¶ 24, quoting Wiseman v. Wiseman, 9th Dist. Medina No. 13CA0009-M,

2014-Ohio-2002, ¶ 28. Because the record contains competent, credible evidence that Boggs

obtained the Car either directly or indirectly as a result of his illegal drug activity, this Court
                                                 7


rejects his argument to the contrary. See R.C. 2981.01(B)(11)(a) and 2981.02(A)(2). Boggs’

sole assignment of error is overruled.

                                                III.

       {¶17} Boggs’ assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Summit County

Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

                                                                              Judgment affirmed.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellant.




                                                       DONNA J. CARR
                                                       FOR THE COURT
                                        8


TEODOSIO, P. J.
CALLAHAN, J.
CONCUR.


APPEARANCES:

STEPHEN M. GRACHANIN, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and HEAVEN DIMARTINO, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.
