                                 NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                                APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited . R. 1:36-3.




                                                          SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                          APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                          DOCKET NO. A-0352-17T3

KATHLEEN L. GIBSON,

           Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

ROBERT V. MILLER,

     Defendant-Appellant.
__________________________

                    Submitted January 8, 2019 – Decided January 22, 2019

                    Before Judges Hoffman and Geiger.

                    On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey,
                    Chancery Division, Family Part, Warren County,
                    Docket No. FM-21-0304-17.

                    Robert V. Miller, appellant pro se.

                    Respondent has not filed a brief.

PER CURIAM

           Defendant Robert V. Miller appeals from an August 8, 2017 judgment of

divorce terminating his marriage to plaintiff Kathleen L. Gibson. We affirm.
      The parties were married in 1986 in a religious ceremony. No children

were born of the marriage. Plaintiff had four children from a previous marriage.

Defendant did not adopt any of plaintiff's children. Plaintiff's children are now

adults. Plaintiff filed a pro se divorce complaint in March 2017 based on

irreconcilable differences, N.J.S.A. 2A:34-2(i).         Plaintiff only sought

termination of the marriage; she did not seek alimony, equitable distribution, or

other relief from defendant.

      Defendant is an inmate at East Jersey State Prison, serving a sentence for

killing a former girlfriend in 1989. He was convicted of first-degree murder,

N.J.S.A. 2C:11-3(a)(1)(2), and sentenced to life subject to a thirty-year period

of parole ineligibility. His conviction and prison term were affirmed on direct

appeal. State v. Miller, No. A-4138-92 (App. Div. Feb. 24, 1995).

      After being served with the summons and complaint on April 29, 2017,

defendant attempted to file an answer that was rejected by Family case

management because his motion to proceed as an indigent was deficient.

Default was entered against defendant. Defendant submitted an "opposition to

divorce action." A subsequent motion for a fee waiver was denied because

defendant failed to attach a certified copy of his prisoner's fund account.




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Defendant was served with written notice that a default hearing would be

conducted on August 8, 2017.

      The trial court conducted a final hearing as scheduled. Defendant was not

present for the hearing because he did not undertake the necessary steps to

ensure his attendance. Plaintiff testified that irreconcilable differences existed

for a least six months preceding the filing of the complaint and there was no

reasonable prospect of reconciliation. She further testified she was a resident of

Warren County when the cause of action arose and had lived there for ten years.

The trial court found it had jurisdiction based on plaintiff's bona fide residence

in New Jersey and that plaintiff had pleaded and proved a cause of action based

on irreconcilable differences and granted a divorce. No other relief was granted.

This appeal followed.

      Defendant argues the default judgment should have been reopened in the

interest of justice because the Superior Court lacked subject matter jurisdiction

to dissolve a "freely contracted Christian marriage." Defendant contends the

divorce violated the First Amendment. He claims that under "Catholic doctrine

and the plain language of the Bible . . . marriage can NOT be dissolved by any

earthly authority."




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                                        3
      Notably, defendant does not contend plaintiff failed to prove

irreconcilable differences eliminated any reasonable prospect of reconciling the

marriage.   He has withdrawn his claim to be recognized as a "parent" or

"stepfather" by the New Jersey Department of Corrections. He does not seek

alimony, equitable distribution, or other relief from plaintiff if allowed to contest

the divorce. He only contests the authority of the court to grant a divorce

because he was married in a religious ceremony.

      Subject matter jurisdiction in divorce matters is purely statutory. Tatham

v. Tatham, 429 N.J. Super. 502, 507 (App. Div. 2013) (citing Schulter v.

Schulter, 23 N.J. Super. 409, 415 (App. Div. 1952)). "The Legislature has

declared that the 'Superior Court shall have jurisdiction of all causes of action

of divorce . . . .'" Ibid. (quoting N.J.S.A. 2A:34-8); see also N.J.S.A. 2A:34-10.

      The First Amendment provides states "Congress shall make no law

respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof

. . . ." U.S. Const. amend. I. Consisting of two separate but related clauses, "the

Establishment Clause bars a state from placing its official support behind a

religious belief, while the Free Exercise Clause bars a state from interfering with

the practice of religion by its citizens." In re Adoption of E., 59 N.J. 36, 51

(1971) (citing Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296, 303 (1940)). "The First


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                                         4
Amendment not only requires the state to be neutral between various religions,

but between religion and non-religion as well . . . ." Id. at 52. However,

"government action that infringes on religious beliefs is not necessarily

unconstitutional." Id. at 55-56.

      "[T]o pass constitutional muster, a law must have both a secular purpose

and a secular effect." Aflalo v. Aflalo, 295 N.J. Super. 527, 537 (Ch. Div. 1996).

Our divorce statutes satisfy those requirements. The statutory authority to grant

divorces is neutral between various religions and between religion and non -

religion. Therefore, the judgment terminating defendant's marriage does not

offend the Establishment Clause or the Free Exercise Clause even if it conflicts

with certain religious beliefs. See ibid.

      Defendant has not demonstrated he has a meritorious defense to plaintiff's

cause of action for divorce based on irreconcilable differences. "[T]he showing

of a meritorious defense is a traditional element necessary for setting aside both

a default and a default judgment[.]" Pressler & Verniero, Current N.J. Court

Rules, cmt. on R. 4:43-3 (2019). Therefore, any purported error in not granting

defendant indigent status was harmless as he asserts no viable defense.

Moreover, defendant did not file a Rule 4:50-1 motion to reopen the judgment.

"The rule in New Jersey is that a direct appeal will not lie from a judgment by


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                                        5
default." Haber v. Haber, 253 N.J. Super. 413, 416 (App. Div. 1992); see also

Pressler & Verniero, cmt. 4.4 on R. 4:50-1.

      Defendant's remaining arguments lack sufficient merit to warrant further

discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).

      Affirmed.




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