Opinion issued July 12, 2012.




                                    In The

                             Court of Appeals
                                   For The

                         First District of Texas
                          ————————————
                             NO. 01-11-00783-CV
                          ———————————
                    ALEJANDRO MARQUEZ, Appellant
                                      V.
    LORENZA MONCADA AND THE OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY
                  GENERAL, Appellees


                   On Appeal from the 310th District Court
                           Harris County, Texas
                       Trial Court Case No. 1019352



                                  OPINION

      Alejandro Marquez appeals from a child support order mandating that he

pay current and retroactive child support to Lorenza Moncada, on behalf of their

two minor children. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §§ 233.001–.029 (West 2008 &
Supp. 2011). Marquez contends that (1) insufficient evidence supports the trial

court’s determination of child support payments, (2) the trial court erred in denying

his motion to modify, and (3) the trial court erred in failing to make requested

findings of fact. We conclude that legally insufficient evidence supports the trial

court’s calculation of Marquez’s net resources and its corresponding award of

current and retroactive child support payments.      Accordingly, we reverse that

portion of the order setting forth Marquez’s child support obligations and remand

to the trial court for further proceedings.

                                     Background

      Two children, T.M. and A.M., were born to Marquez and Moncada. In

2007, Marquez and Moncada ceased living together and ended their relationship.

      In March 2010, the Office of the Attorney General of Texas (OAG)

petitioned on behalf of T.M. and A.M. to confirm a child support review order

(CSRO) establishing Marquez’s paternity and child support obligations under

Chapter 233 of the Texas Family Code. See id. The CSRO includes findings

regarding paternity, conservatorship, possession and access, health insurance, and

child support. One finding states that Marquez’s net resources per month are

$3,366.99.

      Upon filing this suit, the OAG attached an investigative report to its petition

in the trial court that alleged that Marquez’s average monthly gross income is

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$4,386.00, with corresponding monthly net resources of $3,366.99—an amount

that matches the CSRO finding. The OAG’s report was not authenticated or

admitted into evidence; the report gave no basis for the computation of Marquez’s

net resources. Marquez generally denied the OAG’s petition.

      At a hearing to confirm the CSRO, Moncada introduced paternity tests

proving that Marquez is the father of T.M. and A.M. Moncada testified that

Marquez had not paid support on behalf of either child. When questioned about

Marquez’s income, Moncada testified that she did not know what Marquez earned,

nor where he was employed. She did not know if he carried health insurance, had

never seen his pay stubs, and conceded that she had no knowledge of his present

lifestyle. Neither the State nor Moncada introduced documents at the hearing

establishing Marquez’s salary, income, or wages. Nor did Marquez produce any

documents or testimony concerning his income.

      The trial court confirmed the non-agreed CSRO. In its order, the trial court

found that Marquez had net resources of $3,366.99 per month and ordered that

twenty-five percent of those resources be paid for child support.      The court

awarded $842.00 in current child support each month and retroactive child support

of $41,258.00.




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                                       Discussion

         Marquez contends that the record contains no evidence of his monthly net

resources, and thus the child support order must be reversed.

Standard of Review

         We review a trial court’s judgment granting child support under an abuse of

discretion standard. Worford v. Stamper, 801 S.W.2d 108, 109 (Tex. 1990) (per

curiam); Miles v. Peacock, 229 S.W.3d 384, 388 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]

2007,     no   pet.).   A   trial   court   abuses   its   discretion   when   it   acts

arbitrarily, unreasonably, or without reference to any guiding rules and principles.

Worford, 801 S.W.2d at 109; McGuire v. McGuire, 4 S.W.3d 382, 384 (Tex.

App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.); Holley v. Holley, 864 S.W.2d 703, 706

(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1993, writ denied).                In the child-support

context, we do not consider evidentiary sufficiency challenges independently, but

as part of the abuse-of-discretion determination. McGuire, 4 S.W.3d at 387 n.2;

see Newberry v. Bohn-Newberry, 146 S.W.3d 233, 235 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th

Dist.] 2004, no pet.). We use a two-pronged inquiry, considering first whether the

trial court had enough information upon which to exercise its discretion, and, if

so, whether the trial court erred in exercising its discretion based on the evidence.

Moreno v. Perez, 363 S.W.3d 725, 735 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, no

pet.).

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Analysis

      Texas Family Code Chapter 154 governs child support proceedings and sets

forth guidelines to apply in determining an equitable amount of child support. See

TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §§ 154.001–.309 (West 2008 & Supp. 2011). Chapter 154

instructs that the trial court “shall calculate net resources for the purpose of

determining child support liability as provided by this section.” TEX. FAM. CODE

ANN. § 154.062(a) (West Supp. 2011). “Net resources” includes all wage and

salary income, self-employment income, and all other income actually received.

Id. § 154.062(b). “There must be some evidence of a substantive and probative

character of net resources in order for the court to discharge its duty under section

154.062.” Miles, 229 S.W.3d at 389 (quoting Newberry, 146 S.W.3d at 236)

(internal quotations omitted). In the absence of evidence of the wage and salary

income of a party, a court shall presume that the party has wages or salary equal to

the federal minimum wage for a 40–hour week. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 154.068

(West 2008).

      Marquez contends that the trial court lacked sufficient evidence to calculate

his net resources, because no evidence established his income or capability for

earning income. He maintains that, in the absence of such evidence, the trial court

was required to “presume that [he] has wages or salary equal to the federal

minimum wage for a 40-hour week.” Id.

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      We agree that the record reveals no evidence concerning Marquez’s

employment, wages, salary, or income. No documents in evidence demonstrate

Marquez’s monthly salary. Moncada testified that she did not know what Marquez

earned or where he was employed. She had never seen Marquez’s pay stubs and

had no knowledge of his present lifestyle. Marquez did not appear for the trial, and

thus did not testify as to his resources. Because the record contains no evidence of

Marquez’s salary or income, we conclude that there is insufficient evidence to

support the trial court’s finding that Marquez’s had net resources of $3,366.99 per

month, and we therefore reverse its corresponding award of current and retroactive

child support payments. See Miles, 229 S.W.3d at 390.

      The OAG responds that its counsel’s unsworn assertions at Marquez’s

motion for new trial hearing constitute sufficient evidence of Marquez’s wages or

income.    At that hearing, the assistant attorney general stated, “There is a

finding . . . on page thirteen of [the Child Support Review Order]. It did say what

his net income was. It’s based upon [the] Texas Workforce Commission.” The

OAG maintains that this Court should treat those statements as testimony under

Banda v. Garcia, 955 S.W.2d 270, 272 (Tex. 1997).

      In Banda, the sole issue was whether the parties had orally agreed to extend

a settlement deadline. Id. When the plaintiff’s attorney did not appear at a hearing

on the defendant’s motion to enforce the settlement (but sent his associate in his

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place), defense counsel’s unsworn statements at the hearing were “the only

available evidence of the oral agreement to extend the deadline.” Id. Because

opposing counsel failed to object to the unsworn statements of fact, the Supreme

Court concluded that they were some evidence of the settlement agreement. Id.

      We conclude that Banda is factually inapposite.         Here, the purported

testimony was elicited during Marquez’s motion for new trial hearing, not at the

hearing on the OAG’s petition to confirm the CSRO. Thus, unlike Banda, the

purported testimony was not part of the relevant evidentiary hearing. See id. It

came before the court in connection with a later hearing; the court did not consider

it in confirming the CSRO. Also, unlike Banda, the assistant attorney general’s

statements do not consist of factual assertions about a matter for which he appears

to have personal knowledge.       See id.    The assistant attorney general never

purported to testify to Marquez’s employment, salary, or income such that

opposing counsel would have been put on notice of the need to object. Compare

Banda, 955 S.W.2d at 272 (counsel’s assertions at hearing to enforce settlement

agreement constituted some evidence of agreement where opposing counsel failed

to object to assertions and proffered testimony concerned nature and terms of

settlement), with Gattis v. Duty, 349 S.W.3d 193, 199 n.3 (Tex. App.—Austin

2011, no pet.) (noting that counsel presented argument, not testimony, because

assertions were not factual in nature and were not probative of any fact material to

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jurisdictional inquiry). Rather, the assistant attorney general attempted to direct

the trial court to evidence—already within the record—that provided a basis for

trial court’s calculation of Marquez’s net resources.

      To rectify the error, Marquez requests that we render judgment that he pay

the statutory minimum in child support. He argues that, in the absence of evidence

of his net income, trial court could have presumed that Marquez’s monthly gross

wages were equal to the federal minimum wage for a forty-hour week ($1,256.67)

and awarded child support under the statutory guidelines in accord with that

calculation of his resources. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 154.068. We decline to

render judgment. It is undisputed that Marquez owes some undetermined amount

in child support, and calculation of Marquez’s net resources is only one step in

determining the amount of his child support obligation.           Under the Family

Code, the court must ascertain the number of children before it, determine the

percentage of net resources that the non-custodial parent would pay under the

guidelines and consider whether any additional factors would justify varying from

the guidelines. See id. § 154.121 (“the child support guidelines . . . are intended to

guide the court in determining an equitable amount of child support”); see also id.

§ 154.122 (permitting court to determine that application of guidelines would be

unjust or inappropriate); id. § 154.123 (listing factors for court to consider in

deciding whether to deviate from amount calculated under Family Code

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guidelines). We therefore remand the case to the trial court for further proceedings

on the determination of Marquez’s net resources and current and retroactive child

support obligations. See Office of Att’y Gen. of Tex. v. Burton, No. 11-0316, 2012

WL 2053321, at *1 (Tex. June 8, 2012) (per curiam) (concluding that no evidence

supported trial court judgment in suit to confirm child support arrearage and

remanding case to trial court for further proceedings); see also Moreno, 363

S.W.3d at 736 (concluding that trial court should have applied minimum wage

presumption to mother and remanding for further proceedings portion of trial court

order setting forth mother’s net resources finding and imposing support

obligation); Miles, 229 S.W.3d at 390–91 (reversing trial court’s calculation of

appellant’s net resources and remanding for further proceedings).




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                                    Conclusion

       We hold that the record contains legally insufficient evidence to support the

trial court’s award of current and retroactive child support. Accordingly, we

reverse that portion of the order setting forth Marquez’s net-resources finding and

imposing his child support obligations, and we remand for further proceedings to

determine Marquez’s net resources. In all other respects, we affirm the order of

the trial court.




                                              Jane Bland
                                              Justice

Panel consists of Justices Keyes, Bland, and Sharp.

Justice Sharp, concurring in part and dissenting in part.




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