                              STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
                            SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

                                                                                      FILED
Timothy McGowan,                                                                  March 13, 2020
Plaintiff Below, Petitioner                                                      EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
                                                                                 SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                     OF WEST VIRGINIA
vs.) No. 19-0403 (Tucker County 18-C-14)

Timberline Association, Inc.,
Defendant Below, Respondent



                               MEMORANDUM DECISION


        Petitioner Timothy McGowan, self-represented litigant, appeals two orders of the Circuit
Court of Tucker County. In an order entered April 2, 2019, the circuit court denied petitioner’s
March 15, 2019, motion to re-raise the claim from his original complaint that his November 18,
2017, verbal resignation from Respondent Timberline Association, Inc.’s board of directors was
not effective. In an order entered April 3, 2019, the circuit court dismissed petitioner’s amended
complaint and struck his second amended complaint from the record.1 Respondent, by counsel
Robert C. Chenoweth, filed a response. Petitioner filed a reply.

      The Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided

       1
          Except for whether respondent should be awarded its attorney’s fees, the circuit court’s
April 3, 2019, order disposed of petitioner’s case and informed him of his appeal rights. The April
2, 2019, order constitutes an interlocutory order that became appealable with the April 3, 2019,
final order. See Riffe v. Armstrong, 197 W. Va. 626, 637, 477 S.E.2d 535, 546 (1996) (finding that
“if an appeal is taken from what is indeed the last order disposing of the last of all claims as to the
last of all parties, then the appeal brings with it all prior orders”), modified on other grounds, Moats
v. Preston Cty. Comm’n, 206 W. Va. 8, 521 S.E.2d 180 (1999). In a subsequent order, entered on
April 22, 2019, the circuit court awarded respondent its attorney’s fees in the amount of $4,029.93,
for the period when petitioner no longer had the court’s leave to file an amended complaint. The
parties dispute whether petitioner appealed the April 22, 2019, order awarding attorney’s fees. We
find that petitioner failed to appeal the April 22, 2019, order for two reasons: (1) unlike the April
2, 2019, and April 3, 2019, orders, petitioner did not attach the April 22, 2019, order to his notice
of appeal; and (2) petitioner did not file a separate notice of appeal regarding that order.
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by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds that petitioner’s appeal is now moot with regard to the April 2, 2019,
order and that there is no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error as to the April 3,
2019, order. For these reasons, a memorandum decision dismissing as moot the appeal with regard
to the April 2, 2019, order and affirming the April 3, 2019, order is appropriate under Rule 21 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

        Petitioner is a permanent resident of the Timberline residential community in Tucker
County, West Virginia. Respondent is the homeowners’ association that governs the community.
On July 16, 2016, petitioner was elected to a three-year term as a permanent resident representative
on respondent’s board of directors, with the term ending on September 29, 2019. At a November
18, 2017, board meeting, petitioner verbally resigned from respondent’s board and then left the
meeting. Immediately thereafter, the board appointed another permanent resident to fill the vacant
position left by petitioner’s resignation. On or about November 25, 2017, petitioner submitted a
written resignation to respondent, specifying that his resignation would not be effective until
September 29, 2019, the natural end date of his term as a board member. Respondent did not
recognize petitioner’s written resignation, but treated his earlier verbal resignation as effective.

        On April 9, 2018, petitioner filed a complaint against respondent in the Circuit Court of
Tucker County, asserting two causes of action: (1) respondent should not have treated petitioner’s
November 18, 2017, verbal resignation from its board of directors as effective; and (2) respondent
improperly denied petitioner access to its records. On May 9, 2018, respondent filed a motion to
dismiss petitioner’s complaint, or in the alternative, for summary judgment on his claims. At an
August 23, 2018, hearing on respondent’s motion, petitioner raised claims not included in his April
9, 2018, complaint. The circuit court ruled that it would consider only those two claims set forth
in the complaint. On September 5, 2018, petitioner filed a supplement, which also raised claims
not included in his complaint. The circuit court treated petitioner’s supplement as a motion to file
an amended complaint. By order entered on January 2, 2019, the circuit court awarded respondent
summary judgment on the claims that were set forth in the complaint and granted petitioner’s
motion to file an amended complaint to the extent that leave was given to assert three new claims
that would not have been discoverable at the time of the April 9, 2018, complaint.2

       On January 14, 2019, petitioner filed an amended complaint that repeated the two claims
from the April 9, 2018, complaint. In a January 15, 2019, letter to both parties, the circuit court

       2
         The three claims the circuit court found would not have been discoverable at the time of
the April 9, 2018, complaint were: (1) violation of respondent’s bylaws by the nomination of a
non-permanent resident for a permanent resident seat on the board at a July of 2018 election; (2)
violation of respondent’s bylaws by the refusal to place petitioner’s name on the ballot at the July
of 2018 election after he presented a petition allegedly signed by five permanent residents of the
community; and (3) violation of respondent’s bylaws through the use of improper procedure in
approving a revised article of the bylaws regarding residents’ access to respondent’s records during
July of 2018.


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indicated that petitioner’s amended complaint did not comply with its order granting leave to assert
the three new claims. On February 4, 2019, without seeking the leave of the circuit court, petitioner
filed a second amended complaint in an attempt to assert the new claims that were not previously
adjudicated.3

       On January 25, 2019, respondent filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint, and on
February 7, 2019, a motion to strike the second amended complaint from the record. On March
15, 2019, petitioner filed a motion for leave to re-raise the claim from his original complaint,
arguing that his November 18, 2017, verbal resignation was not effective pursuant to West Virginia
Code § 31E-8-808.4

        Following a March 19, 2019, hearing, the circuit court entered an order on April 2, 2019,
and a second order on April 3, 2019. In the April 2, 2019, order, the circuit court denied petitioner’s
March 15, 2019, motion, finding that it previously rejected petitioner’s argument that West
Virginia Code § 31E-8-808 required resignations from a board of directors to be in writing.
In the April 3, 2019, order, the circuit court granted respondent’s motion to dismiss petitioner’s
amended complaint and further granted respondent’s motion to strike petitioner’s second amended
complaint from the record, finding that (1) the amended complaint failed to comply with the circuit
court’s January 2, 2019, order because it did not assert the three new claims that would not have
been discoverable at the time of the original complaint; and (2) petitioner failed to obtain the
court’s leave to file the second amended complaint.

        Petitioner now appeals the circuit court’s April 2, 2019, and April 3, 2019, orders. First,
we find that with regard to the April 2, 2019, order, petitioner’s appeal has been rendered moot.
“‘Moot questions or abstract propositions, the decision of which would avail nothing in the
determination of controverted rights of persons or of property, are not properly cognizable by a
court.’ Syl. pt. 1, State ex rel. Lilly v. Carter, 63 W. Va. 684, 60 S.E. 873 (1908).” Syl. Pt. 1, State
ex rel. McCabe v. Seifert, 220 W. Va. 79, 640 S.E.2d 142 (2006). Here, in the April 2, 2019, order,
the circuit court denied petitioner’s March 15, 2019, motion, finding that it previously rejected his
argument that West Virginia Code § 31E-8-808 required resignations from the board of directors
for a non-profit corporation to be in writing. Regardless of whether the verbal resignation was
effective, petitioner’s term on the board expired on September 29, 2019. Therefore, we dismiss as
moot petitioner’s appeal with regard to the April 2, 2019, order.5

       3
           Petitioner refers to his second amended complaint as the “amended revised complaint.”
       4
        West Virginia Code § 31E-8-808 is a provision of the West Virginia Nonprofit
Corporation Act, West Virginia Code §§ 31E-1-101 through 31E-16-1603.
       5
         Petitioner also requested that the circuit court nullify every act of respondent’s board of
directors, in which petitioner was not allowed to participate following his November 18, 2017,
resignation. We find that petitioner is not entitled to this additional relief. West Virginia Code §
31E-3-304(c) provides, in pertinent part, that the circuit court may set aside a challenged act “if
equitable and if all affected persons are parties to the proceeding.” (Emphasis added.). Here, given

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        With regard to the circuit court’s April 3, 2019, order, we find that the court properly
dismissed petitioner’s amended complaint and struck his second amended complaint from the
record. Rule 15(a) of the West Virginia Rules of Civil Procedure provides, in pertinent part:

       A party may amend the party’s pleading once as a matter of course at any time
       before a responsive pleading is served or, if the pleading is one to which no
       responsive pleading is permitted and the action has not been placed upon the trial
       calendar, the party may so amend it at any time within 20 days after it is served.
       Otherwise a party may amend the party’s pleading only by leave of court or by
       written consent of the adverse party; and leave shall be freely given when justice
       so requires.

(Emphasis added.). In Syllabus Point 4 of Bowyer v. Wyckoff, 238 W. Va. 446, 796 S.E.2d 233
(2017), we held:

               “A trial court is vested with a sound discretion in granting or refusing leave
       to amend pleadings in civil actions. Leave to amend should be freely given when
       justice so requires, but the action of a trial court in refusing to grant leave to amend
       a pleading will not be regarded as reversible error in the absence of a showing of
       an abuse of the trial court’s discretion in ruling upon a motion for leave to amend.”
       Syllabus point 6, Perdue v. S.J. Groves & Sons Co., 152 W. Va. 222, 161 S.E.2d
       250 (1968).

        Here, the circuit court granted petitioner leave in its January 2, 2019, order to file an
amended complaint to assert the three new claims that would not have been discoverable at the
time of his original complaint. In the April 3, 2019, order, the circuit court found that petitioner
failed to comply with its directive as petitioner’s January 14, 2019, amended complaint repeated
the two claims from the original complaint that the court previously adjudicated in the January 2,
2019, order. Following our review of the record, we concur in the circuit court’s finding. Therefore,
we conclude that the circuit court did not err in granting respondent’s motion to dismiss the
amended complaint.

        Petitioner argues that based on the circuit court’s January 15, 2019, letter to both parties,
he had leave to file his February 4, 2019, second amended complaint to assert the new claims that
were not previously adjudicated. Respondent counters that the circuit court properly granted its
motion to strike the second amended complaint due to petitioner’s failure to seek leave of the
circuit court to file his second amended complaint. We agree with respondent. In the January 15,
2019, letter, the circuit court first indicated that the January 14, 2019, amended complaint failed
to comply with its order permitting petitioner to assert the three new claims, but did not grant leave


petitioner’s request for the circuit court to set aside every act in which he was not allowed to
participate, we find that all affected persons were not parties to the proceeding in which petitioner
sued only respondent.
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to file a second amended complaint. Therefore, following our review of the record, we conclude
that the circuit court did not err in striking the second amended complaint.

       For the foregoing reasons, we dismiss as moot petitioner’s appeal with regard to the April
2, 2019, order and affirm the circuit court’s April 3, 2019, order dismissing petitioner’s amended
complaint and striking his second amended complaint from the record.

                                               Dismissed as Moot, in part, and Affirmed, in part.


ISSUED: March 13, 2020

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Tim Armstead
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
Justice Evan H. Jenkins
Justice John A. Hutchison

NOT PARTICIPATING:

Justice Margaret L. Workman




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