                                                                                                                           Opinions of the United
2002 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


3-27-2002

O'Leary v. Grace Newark Housing
Precedential or Non-Precedential:

Docket 01-1644




Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2002

Recommended Citation
"O'Leary v. Grace Newark Housing" (2002). 2002 Decisions. Paper 218.
http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2002/218


This decision is brought to you for free and open access by the Opinions of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit at Villanova
University School of Law Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in 2002 Decisions by an authorized administrator of Villanova
University School of Law Digital Repository. For more information, please contact Benjamin.Carlson@law.villanova.edu.
                                           NOT PRECEDENTIAL

            UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                     ___________

                     No. 01-1644
                     ___________

                  DONALD J. O’LEARY

                          v.

      GRACE/NEWARK HOUSING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP;
  MAINLAND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY; MICHAEL A. LIBERTY,

                                                                   Defendants/Third-Party P

                           v.

B.P. SLAVITT ASSOCIATES, INC., a New Jersey Corporation;
            ADAM J. SLAVITT; SHARON SLAVITT,

                                                                   Third-Party Defendants

                                              Grace/Newark Housing Limited Partnership;
                                              Mainland Development Company; Michael A. Lib

                                              Appellants

                     ___________

   On Appeal from the United States District Court
            for the District of New Jersey

District Court Judge: The Honorable Faith S. Hochberg
        (D.C. Civil Action No. 99-3739 (FSH))
                     ___________

             Argued on February 26, 2002

  Before: ROTH, FUENTES, and GIBSON, Circuit Judges

           (Opinion Filed: March 26, 2002)
                     ___________

                                        Daniel J. McCarthy    [ARGUED]
                    Diane U. Dabulas
                                             Keli Bowden
                                             Rogut McCarthy PC
                                             37 Alden Street
                                             Cranford, New Jersey 07016
                         Counsel for Appellants

                                              Robert J. Fettweis [ARGUED]
                                              Wolf, Block, Schorr and Solis-Cohen, LLP
                                              744 Broad Street, Suite 1515
                                              Newark, New Jersey 07102
                         Counsel for Appellee
                    _______________________

                      OPINION OF THE COURT
                    _______________________

FUENTES, Circuit Judge:
     Defendants appeal from the District Court’s grant of summary judgment in favor
of Plaintiff Donald J. O’Leary on all claims. Because we find no error in the District
Court’s decision, we will affirm.
     O’Leary’s claims arise from two contracts relating to the sale of Grace West
Manor ("Grace West"), a low income housing project, to Defendant Grace/Newark
Housing Limited Partnership ("Grace/Newark"). Defendant Mainland Development
Company ("Mainland") is the sole general partner of Grace/Newark, and Defendant
Michael A. Liberty is the President of Mainland.
     In a letter dated October 29, 1996 from Grace/Newark and Liberty to O’Leary as
the sole general partner of Grace Associates, Grace/Newark agreed to purchase the Grace
West management rights from O’Leary for $200,000. This provision states:
                    Grace/Newark Housing Limited Partnership will pay the Two Hundred
          Thousand Dollars ($200,000) to you as the General Partner of Grace
          Associates on the first anniversary of the New Jersey Housing Mortgage
          Finance Authority’s (NJHMFA’s) ratification of its proposed regulations
          allowing an enhanced rate of return on our Developer’s Fee and cash equity
          of 600 basis points above long-term Treasury Bills. Our obligation to pay
          vests if and only if NJHMFA ratifies said regulations. Again, the time for
          payment is one (1) year after the date such ratification occurs. I am
          personally guaranteeing the payment of these monies to you if when they
          become due.
App. at A31.
     It is undisputed that at the time that the management rights agreement was signed,
there was only one regulation proposed by the NJHMFA. Based on a review of the
October 21, 1996 Index of New Jersey Register, which lists active rule proposals
published within the preceding year, the only pending NJHMFA regulation involved
changes to N.J.A.C. 5:80-32. This regulation concerned an enhanced rate of return on
developer’s equity. The proposed regulation did not mention "cash equity of 600 basis
points above long-term Treasury Bills." The proposed regulation was adopted as
N.J.A.C. 5:80-32.7, effective March 3, 1997. Defendants have not paid O’Leary the
$200,000 management rights fee.
     O’Leary entered into a separate consulting agreement with Mainland in June 1996.
While this Agreement is not dated, both O’Leary and Liberty signed the document. The
agreement’s retainer provision states that Mainland agreed to pay O’Leary $36,000 per
year during the term of the agreement, with the "first such annual retainer fee to be paid
upon the execution hereof..." App. at A33. Upon execution of this agreement, Mainland
failed to pay the initial $36,000 retainer fee, and continued to refuse to make payment of
the initial retainer.
     O’Leary filed a complaint in the District of New Jersey against Grace/Newark,
Mainland, and Liberty (collectively "Defendants"). O’Leary claimed breach of the two
contracts and breach of the guaranty of payment in the management rights agreement by
Liberty personally. Defendants filed an answer and a third-party complaint. The third-
party complaint is not part of this appeal. O’Leary moved for summary judgment on all
claims, and discovery was stayed pending disposition of this motion.
     On December 19, 2000, the District Court granted O’Leary’s motion for summary
judgment on all counts.   In a bench opinion, the District Court held that the condition
precedent in the management rights agreement was satisfied by the ratification of
N.J.A.C. 5:80-32.7, and rejected all other defenses to Defendants’ liability under both
contracts. The court ordered Defendants to pay O’Leary $200,000 under the management
rights agreement and $36,000 under the consulting agreement. Defendants moved for
reconsideration, and that motion was denied on February 8, 2001.
     The District Court had diversity jurisdiction over this case under 28 U.S.C. 1332,
and we have jurisdiction over this timely appeal under 28 U.S.C. 1291. Our review
over the court’s grant of summary judgment is plenary. See Armour v. County of Beaver,
271 F.3d 417, 420 (3d Cir. 2001).
     We first consider the management rights agreement claims. Under basic contract
law, a condition precedent is "an event, not certain to occur, which must occur, unless its
non-occurrence is excused, before performance under a contract becomes due."
Restatement (Second) of Contracts 224. Defendants argue that no regulation was ever
ratified allowing its rate of return to be enhanced to 600 basis points above long-term
Treasury Bills, and therefore the condition precedent was not satisfied and its payment
obligation never arose. Yet this argument ignores the importance of the words "proposed
regulations" in the condition. The only proposed regulation at the time of execution of
the agreement provides for an enhanced rate of return on a developer’s equity investment.
Thus, O’Leary asserts that the contract must have been referring to this regulation.
Because the regulation, N.J.A.C. 5:80-32.7, was ratified on March 3, 1997, O’Leary
argues that Grace/Newark was obligated to pay O’Leary $200,000 on March 3, 1998, the
one year anniversary of ratification.
     We agree. As the only proposed regulation, N.J.A.C. 5:80-32.7 must be that to
which the parties referred in the agreement. Defendants’ subjective expectation of a
particular rate of return is irrelevant under the clear terms of the contract, as the contract
does not guarantee any specific rate, but instead depends upon ratification of the
"proposed regulation." While defendants stress that a specific Treasury-based enhanced
rate regulation was never ratified, they do not account for the fact that no such regulation
was ever proposed. Their contention at oral argument that such a regulation might have
been informally pondered by the NJHMFA is irrelevant in light of the plain contractual
language referring to "proposed regulations." If any ambiguity exists because of the
reference to "600 basis points above long-term Treasury bills," we construe the provision
against Defendants because they drafted the agreement.
     We agree with the District Court that the NJHMFA "did in fact adopt the proposed
regulations referred to in the agreement." App. at A6. Defendants were obligated to pay
O’Leary $200,000 on March 3, 1998. The District Court did not err in granting O’Leary
summary judgment on his claims under the management rights agreement.
     As for the Consulting Agreement, Defendants argue that they are not obligated to
pay O’Leary the initial $36,000 retainer because O’Leary misrepresented his value as a
consultant, because O’Leary breached the agreement by failing to provide consulting
services and harming Defendants’ business interests, and because the contract is
ambiguous as to the due date of payments. The District Court did not err in rejecting
these meritless arguments in light of the clear contractual language.
     Mainland agreed to pay O’Leary a $36,000 retainer fee per year, "[t]he first such
annual retainer fee to be paid upon the execution hereof..." This language could not be
clearer. The District Court held that this first payment was "unequivocally due" upon
execution, that the contractual language was "unambiguous," that "no performance was
required prior to the payment of this first sum, and "without payment of this sum, Mr.
O’Leary had no duty to perform." App. at A8. We find no error in these conclusions.
     For these reasons, the judgment of the District Court is AFFIRMED.
____________________________
TO THE CLERK OF THE COURT:

Kindly file the foregoing Opinion.




                                        /s/ Julio M. Fuentes
                                        Circuit Judg
