18-1967 (L)
Phanchoulidze v. Barr

                                UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                   FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                         SUMMARY ORDER
Rulings by summary order do not have precedential effect. Citation to a summary order filed
on or after January 1, 2007, is permitted and is governed by Federal Rule of Appellate
Procedure 32.1 and this Court’s Local Rule 32.1.1. When citing a summary order in a
document filed with this Court, a party must cite either the Federal Appendix or an
electronic database (with the notation “summary order”). A party citing a summary order
must serve a copy of it on any party not represented by counsel.

       At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at
the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York,
on the 7th day of February, two thousand twenty.

PRESENT:            JOSÉ A. CABRANES,
                    ROBERT D. SACK,
                                 Circuit Judges,
                    KATHERINE POLK FAILLA,
                                 District Judge.*


GEORGE PHANCHOULIDZE,

                           Petitioner,                        18-1967-ag (L); 19-1710-ag (con)

                           v.

WILLIAM P. BARR, United States Attorney General,

                           Respondent.



FOR PETITIONER:                                           Joseph C. Hohenstein, Landau, Hess,
                                                          Simon & Choi, Philadelphia, PA.




     *
    Judge Katherine Polk Failla, of the United States District Court for the Southern District of
New York, sitting by designation.

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                                                            Frank B. Lindner, Lindner & Lindner,
                                                            P.C., Yardley, PA.

FOR RESPONDENT:                                             Andrew N. O’Malley (Joseph H. Hunt
                                                            and Cindy S. Ferrier, on the brief), Trial
                                                            Attorney, for William P. Barr, United
                                                            States Attorney General, Washington,
                                                            D.C.

        Appeal from a June 6, 2018 order of the Board of Immigration Appeals.

     UPON DUE CONSIDERATION WHEREOF, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED,
ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the petition for review be and hereby is DENIED.

        Petitioner George Phanchoulidze (“Phanchoulidze”), a native and citizen of Georgia, seeks
review of two decisions: (1) a June 6, 2018 decision of the BIA affirming an August 9, 2017 decision
of an Immigration Judge (“IJ”) denying his request for administrative closure, and (2) a May 24,
2019 decision of the BIA denying his motion to reopen and reconsider. In re George Phanchoulidze,
No. A 076 020 396 (B.I.A. June 6, 2018), aff’g No. A 076 020 396 (Immig. Ct. N.Y. City Aug. 9,
2017); In re George Phanchoulidze, No. A 076 020 396 (B.I.A. May 24, 2019). We assume the parties’
familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and the issues on appeal.

         Under the circumstances of this case, we have reviewed the BIA’s decision as the final
agency decision because the BIA denied administrative closure on different grounds than the IJ. See
Yan Chen v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 268, 271 (2d Cir. 2005). Accordingly, we do not address
Phanchoulidze’s arguments challenging the grounds for the IJ’s decision. Id. The decision before us
is the BIA’s conclusion that administrative closure was prohibited based on the Attorney General’s
intervening decision in Matter of Castro-Tum, 27 I. & N. Dec. 271 (A.G. 2018). Our review of the
BIA’s decision is limited to the arguments that Phanchoulidze has raised before us. See Norton v.
Sam’s Club, 145 F.3d 114, 117 (2d Cir. 1998) (“Issues not sufficiently argued in the briefs are
considered waived and normally will not be addressed on appeal.”). Thus, we do not address the
validity of Castro-Tum or its retroactive application because Phanchoulidze declined to file a brief in
connection with the BIA’s denial of reconsideration and does not argue those issues, apart from
referring to Castro-Tum as an “overreaching Attorney General decision that unlawfully limited agency
discretion” without explaining why. See Yueqing Zhang v. Gonzales, 426 F.3d 540, 545 n.7 (2d Cir.
2005) (finding claim abandoned where addressed in “only a single conclusory sentence” in the brief).

           The sole issue Phanchoulidze raises is whether the BIA’s denial of administrative closure
pursuant to Castro-Tum violated his due process rights. We review a due process claim de novo. Gjerjaj
v. Holder, 691 F.3d 288, 292 (2d Cir. 2012). “To establish a violation of due process, an alien must
show that []he was denied a full and fair opportunity to present h[is] claims or that [he was]
otherwise deprived . . . of fundamental fairness.” Burger v. Gonzales, 498 F.3d 131, 134 (2d Cir. 2007)

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(internal quotation marks omitted). The alien must also establish prejudice. Miller v. Mukasey, 539
F.3d 159, 164 (2d Cir. 2008).

          First, Phanchoulidze argues that the BIA violated his due process rights by applying a new
rule of law to him without providing an opportunity to address it. This claim fails because he has not
shown prejudice. See Miller, 539 F.3d at 164. The BIA was required to follow Castro-Tum. See Khouzam
v. Ashcroft, 361 F.3d 161, 165 (2d Cir. 2004) (noting that the Attorney General has “authority over
the BIA, and has the final say . . . on all questions of law”); Matter of Abdelghany, 26 I. & N. Dec. 254,
265 (BIA 2014) (“precedents of the Attorney General are ordinarily binding upon [the BIA]”). Thus,
regardless of the arguments that Phanchoulidze raised before the BIA challenging Castro-Tum, the
BIA would have been required to follow Castro-Tum and thus the outcome of the proceedings would
not have been different had he been given an opportunity to brief the issue. See Miller, 539 F.3d at
164. In addition, Phanchoulidze cannot show that he was denied “the opportunity to be heard”—
that is, to present any challenge to the BIA’s application of Castro-Tum to his case—because he was
able to move for reconsideration before the BIA and did. Burger, 498 F.3d at 134 (internal quotation
marks omitted). Because he had an opportunity to address Castro-Tum before the agency, and
because he has not shown prejudice, Phanchoulidze has not shown a due process violation. See
Miller, 539 F.3d at 164; Burger, 498 F.3d at 134.

         Second, Phanchoulidze argues that the BIA violated his due process rights by failing to make
an individual assessment of the record. However, it would be futile to require the BIA to review the
IJ’s application of the factors for administrative closure set forth in Matter of Avetisyan, 25 I. & N.
Dec. 688 (BIA 2012), given that the decision has been overruled by Castro-Tum. Phanchoulidze has
not shown that the general rule of Castro-Tum does not apply to his case. According to Castro-Tum,
the agency “may only administratively close a case where a previous regulation or previous judicially
approved settlement expressly authorizes such an action.” 27 I. & N. Dec. at 271. Phanchoulidze has
not identified any regulation or settlement that would authorize administrative closure in this case.
See id. Thus, because the BIA was bound by Castro-Tum, Phanchoulidze has not shown that the BIA
erred in not considering the record further or that he suffered prejudice. See Miller, 539 F.3d at 164;
Burger, 498 F.3d at 134.

       As this matter was consolidated upon Phanchoulidze’s motion with his petition for review of
the BIA’s denial of Mr. Phanchoulidze’s motion to reopen, reconsider, and terminate removal
proceedings (19-1710-ag), we accordingly deny that petition for review as well.




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                                       CONCLUSION

       We have reviewed all of the arguments raised by Phanchoulidze on appeal and find them to
be without merit. For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is DENIED.


                                                   FOR THE COURT:
                                                   Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk




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