                     United States Court of Appeals
                            FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
                                     ___________

                                     No. 07-3189
                                     ___________

Kenneth Modica,                         *
                                        *
              Appellant,                *
                                        * Appeal from the United States
       v.                               * District Court for the
                                        * Western District of Arkansas.
Paper, Allied-Industrial, Chemical and *
Energy Workers Intl. Union; John        * [UNPUBLISHED]
Does, Agents, employees, and/or         *
officers of the Union,                  *
                                        *
              Appellees.                *
                                   ___________

                              Submitted: December 3, 2008
                                 Filed: January 9, 2009
                                  ___________

Before MURPHY, BYE, and BENTON, Circuit Judges.
                           ___________

PER CURIAM.

       In this action brought pursuant to the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947
(LMRA), Kenneth Modica appeals the district court’s judgment of dismissal for
insufficient service of process and the court’s denial of his motion for reconsideration.
For the reasons stated, we vacate the judgment and remand the case for further
proceedings.
        Modica brought this action against Paper, Allied Industrial, Chemical &
Energy Workers International Union AFL-CIO (PACE), claiming PACE violated its
fiduciary duty and duty of fair representation under the LMRA by intentionally failing
to provide him meaningful representation in the arbitration of a grievance he had filed
against his former employer. As PACE’s successor-in-interest, the United Steel,
Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial and Service
Workers International Union (USW) answered the complaint. Thereafter, on USW’s
motion, the district court dismissed the complaint, based solely on improper service
of process. In so doing, the court sua sponte observed that Ark. Code Ann. § 4-28-
5131 “could be applicable in this case.” The court then held (without citing any
authority) that section 4-28-513 “provides for service on a nonprofit association by
personally serving an officer or agent of the association” but “does not authorize
service by certified mail as attempted by the Plaintiff in this case.”

       After the district court entered judgment dismissing the complaint, Modica
timely filed a motion for reconsideration, arguing, inter alia, that section 4-28-513 did
not mandate “personal service” but merely required “service” (including service by
mail) on an officer, agent, or other authorized person. The district court denied his
motion, reasoning that he had not shown a manifest error of law or fact justifying an
alteration or amendment of the court’s prior ruling.

      We review de novo the district court’s sua sponte ruling in its dismissal order
on the applicability of section 4-28-513, even though Modica had not previously


      1
       Ark. Code Ann. § 4-28-513 states:

      In an action or proceeding against a nonprofit association a summons
      and complaint must be served on an agent authorized by appointment to
      receive service of process, an officer, managing or general agent, or a
      person authorized to participate in the management of its affairs. If none
      of them can be served, service may be made on a member.
                                           -2-
asserted an argument based on that provision. See Browder v. City of Moab, 427 F.3d
717, 719 n.2 (10th Cir. 2005) (although defendants had not raised argument in district
court, raising it for first time on appeal was not improper where district court’s sua
sponte ruling negated defendants’ responsibility to raise issue first); Marshall v.
Warwick, 155 F.3d 1027, 1030 (8th Cir. 1998) (“In reviewing an order to dismiss for
insufficient service of process, we review de novo the determination that service of
process was insufficient and we review for abuse of discretion the decision to dismiss
the complaint.”); Vrban v. Deere & Co., 129 F.3d 1008, 1009 (8th Cir. 1997)
(reviewing de novo district court’s application of state statute).

       We have found no decision from the Arkansas courts indicating that personal
service is required under section 4-28-513, or that service by certified mail is not
authorized under section 4-28-513. The statute itself does not refer to personal service
or service by certified mail, but refers simply to a summons and complaint being
“served on” an appropriate individual, and we conclude that the Arkansas Supreme
Court would likely decide that service by certified mail can satisfy section 4-28-513.
See Vrban, 129 F.3d at 1009 (“Since the Iowa courts have not addressed this specific
issue, we must determine what the Iowa Supreme Court would decide.”).
Accordingly, because the district court dismissed the complaint based upon its
determinations that section 4-28-513 requires personal service and does not authorize
service by certified mail--without providing any authority or reasons for those
determinations--we further conclude that the court abused its discretion in dismissing
the complaint. See Marshall, 155 F.3d at 1030 (decision to dismiss complaint for
insufficient service of process reviewed for abuse of discretion). Under these
circumstances, we vacate the judgment, and we remand the case to the district court
for further proceedings.
                       ______________________________




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