J-A23016-19


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN RE: ESTATE OF EVELYN F.                    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
SCHERMER, DECEASED                                  PENNSYLVANIA

APPEAL OF: MARC A. SCHERMER
                                                  No. 1648 WDA 2018


               Appeal from the Order Entered October 18, 2018
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
                     Orphans’ Court at No(s): 02-11-5043


IN RE: ESTATE OF EVELYN F.                    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
SCHERMER, DECEASED                                  PENNSYLVANIA

APPEAL OF: LELAND P. SCHERMER AND
GARY S. SCHERMER
                                                  No. 1774 WDA 2018


              Appeal from the Order Entered November 20, 2018
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
                    Orphans’ Court at No(s): 5043 of 2011


IN RE: ESTATE OF EVELYN F.                    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
SCHERMER, DECEASED                                  PENNSYLVANIA

APPEAL OF: LELAND P. SCHERMER AND
GARY S. SCHERMER
                                                  No. 1775 WDA 2018


               Appeal from the Order Entered October 18, 2018
              In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
                    Orphans’ Court at No(s): 5043 OF 2011


IN RE: ESTATE OF EVELYN F.                    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
SCHERMER, DECEASED                                  PENNSYLVANIA

APPEAL OF: MARC A. SCHERMER
                                                  No. 1776 WDA 2018
J-A23016-19


               Appeal from the Order Entered November 20, 2018
               In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
                      Orphans’ Court at No(s): 02-11-5043


BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., KUNSELMAN, J., and MUSMANNO, J.

MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.:                    FILED NOVEMBER 27, 2019

       Marc A. Schermer (Marc) appeals from the orders entered on October

18, 2018, and on November 20, 2018, by the Court of Common Pleas of

Allegheny County. Leland P. Schermer (Leland) and Gary S. Schermer (Gary)

cross-appeal from those same orders, which involve the probate of the estate

of the three brothers’ mother, Evelyn F. Schermer (Decedent), who died on

August 13, 2011.1 Following an extensive review, we quash the appeals due

to this Court’s lack of jurisdiction.

       Initially, we rely on the following introductory and background

information provided by the orphans’ court, which states:

             The within cross-appeals are the second time this estate has
       been the subject of an appeal to the Superior Court. The first
       appeal, in early 2016, was filed by Marc Schermer …, who was the
       Executor of the Decedent’s Last Will and Testament dated June 7,
       2010, which was probated on August 16, 2011. He appealed from
       this [c]ourt’s finding that the Decedent’s other two sons, Gary
       Schermer and Leland Schermer … sustained their burden of
       proving that Marc exerted undue influence over the Decedent with
       regard to the preparation and execution of the probated Will. The
       Superior Court upheld this [c]ourt’s decision in a Memorandum
       Opinion dated October 2, 2017. [See In re Estate of Evelyn F.
____________________________________________


1The order entered on the orphans’ court’s docket on October 18, 2018, is
dated October 17, 2018, and the order entered on the orphans’ court’s docket
on November 20, 2018, is dated November 19, 2018. We also note that this
Court consolidated all four appeals and, in accordance with Pa.R.A.P. 2136,
Marc was designated as Appellant and Leland and Gary as Appellees. See
Order, 1/8/19.

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     Schermer, 179 A.3d 532 (Pa. Super. 2017) (unpublished
     memorandum).]

           When the matter was returned to this [c]ourt at the
     conclusion of the appeal, the parties continued their past practice
     of incessant litigation, which includes numerous Petitions/Motions
     and several arguments, along with days of testimony. The within
     cross-appeals concern this [c]ourt’s Order dated October 17,
     2018, which provides, in pertinent part, as follows:

           (1) Reconsideration of the Order of Court dated
           October 1, 2018 is granted;
           (2) The Order of Court dated October 1, 2018 is
           vacated in its entirety;
           (3) The Letters of Administration issued to Gary S.
           Schermer and Leland P. Schermer, as personal
           representatives of the Estate of Evelyn F. Schermer,
           are revoked; and
           (4) All further proceedings and/or hearings in the
           above-captioned matter shall be heard by this [c]ourt.

     In addition, the Order scheduled a hearing on the Objections set
     forth in the Caveat and a hearing on the Petition for Surcharge
     and Objections to the Accounts, all of which were filed by Gary
     and Leland.

                             Brief Background

            The Decedent died on August 13, 2011, survived by three
     sons: Gary, Marc, and Leland. Between 1984 and 2010, the
     Decedent executed ten (10) separate Wills prepared by four (4)
     different attorneys. With the exception of the last Will, which is
     the Will dated June 7, 2010, which was admitted to probate, each
     of the Wills provided that the residue of the Decedent’s estate
     would be divided equally between the three sons. The Wills
     executed in 1984 and 1988 both included provisions providing that
     the monies and/or loans received by Marc, or one of his
     companies, from the Decedent during her lifetime would be
     accounted for at the time of distribution of the residue of the
     estate. The other eight (8) Wills executed between 2001 and
     2010 did not include this provision.

           As the June 7, 2010 Will was invalidated, due to the [c]ourt’s
     finding that it was prepared as the result of undue influence by

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        Marc, Marc attempted to probate a Will dated July 24, 2008;
        however, it was denied probate due to Informal Caveats filed by
        both Gary and Leland. Pursuant to an Order dated April 10, 2018,
        Marc was removed as the Executor of the Estate. Proceedings
        were then undertaken by Hearing Officer Timothy Finnerty in the
        Department of Court Records, Orphans’ Court Division. Finding
        that this [c]ourt was much more familiar with the case, in an Order
        dated August 15, 2018, Hearing Officer Finnerty certified the case
        to this [c]ourt, pursuant to 20 Pa.C.S. § 907. In an effort to move
        this long-lingering case forward, this [c]ourt issued an Order
        dated October 1, 2018, which it later vacated and issued the Order
        dated October 17, 2018, as set forth above.

              On November 19, 2018, which was after Marc filed his
        appeal, but before the [c]ourt was notified of the appeal, the
        [c]ourt issued an Order appointing an independent third party as
        Administrator of this estate. The [c]ourt continues to believe that
        the appointment of an independent person, not one of the three
        brothers, who are too closely invested in this matter, is the best
        course of action for moving this estate to a conclusion.

Orphans’ Court Opinion (OCO), 2/14/19, at 1-3 (unnumbered).2

        Following the filing of the appeals, various motions were filed with this

Court by Marc, and by Leland and Gary, all of which essentially attempted to



____________________________________________


2   Specifically, the trial court’s order, dated November 19, 2018, provides:

        (1) The October 17, 2018 Order of Court is affirmed in its
           entirety;
        (2) The Motion for Reconsideration of the Motion for
           Reconsideration is denied; and
        (3) Gary Gushard, Esquire[,] is appointed as Successor
           Administrator of the above-captioned estate;
        (4) All parties and counsel shall cooperate with Attorney
           Gushard with regard to the administration of this estate and
           the upcoming hearings.

Orphans’ Court Order, 11/19/18.



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have the appeals dismissed.3 However, before we address those motions, we

must determine whether this Court has jurisdiction of the appeals at this point

in the litigation. We conclude that we do not have jurisdiction.

       To begin, we note that the Statement of Jurisdiction in Marc’s brief

contains the following: “The Superior Court has appellate jurisdiction over

this appeal pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 702, 742 and 5105.” Marc’s brief at 1.

However, he does not provide any discussion that explains in what way these

sections give a basis for the appealability of the orders in question and/or this

Court’s jurisdiction over those orders.

       Specifically, section 702 is entitled “[i]nterlocutory orders” and provides

for interlocutory appeals by permission when the trial court determines that

“such order involves a controlling question of law as to which there is

substantial ground for difference of opinion and that an immediate appeal from

the order may materially advance the ultimate termination of the matter, it

shall so state in such order.”        42 Pa.C.S. § 702.   As for section 742, it is

entitled “[a]ppeals from courts of common pleas” and indicates that the

Superior Court has jurisdiction over final orders from a court of common pleas,

except those that are specifically identified as within the exclusive jurisdiction

of either the Supreme Court or the Commonwealth Court. 42 Pa.C.S. § 742.

Additionally, section 5105 is entitled “[r]ight to appellate review” and explains

____________________________________________


3 In response to these motions, this Court issued various orders deferring
these motions to the merits panel for disposition.


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that there is a right of appeal from a final order, but also includes that “[t]here

shall be a right of appeal from such interlocutory orders of tribunals and other

government units as may be specified by law[,]” specifically, identifying

section 702(b) relating to interlocutory appeals by permission. 42 Pa.C.S. §

5105.

        “[T]he appealability of an order directly implicates the jurisdiction of the

court asked to review the order.” In re Estate of Considine v. Wachovia

Bank, 966 A.2d 1148, 1151 (Pa. Super. 2009). As a result, “this Court has

the power to inquire at any time, sua sponte, whether an order is appealable.”

Id. “An appeal may be taken from: (1) a final order or an order certified as

a final order; (2) an interlocutory order as of right; (3) an interlocutory order

by permission; or (4) a collateral order.” In re Estate of Cella, 12 A.3d 374,

377 (Pa. Super. 2010) (citations and quotation omitted). Pa.R.A.P. 341(b)

defines a “final order” as one that “disposes of all claims and all parties” or “is

entered as a final order pursuant to paragraph (c) of this rule.” Pa.R.A.P.

341(b). Rule 341(c) provides that “the trial court or other government unit

may enter a final order as to one or more but fewer than all of the claims and

parties only upon an express determination that an immediate appeal would

facilitate resolution of the entire case.”    Pa.R.A.P. 341(c); see also In re

Estate of Stricker, 977 A.2d 1115, 1117 (Pa. 2009) (stating “Rule 341 of the

Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure defines a final order as one that

disposes of all claims and all parties, is defined as such by statute, or is




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designated as such at the time it is entered by the trial court in order to

expedite appellate review”).

      Additionally, we note that, specific to the appealability of an orphans’

court order, Pa.R.A.P. 342 sets forth when an appeal may be taken as of right,

stating the following:

      Rule 342. Appealable Orphans’ Court Orders

      (a) General rule. An appeal may be taken as of right from the
      following orders of the Orphans’ Court Division:

      (1) An order confirming an account, or authorizing or directing a
      distribution from an estate or trust;

      (2) An order determining the validity of a will or trust;

      (3) An order interpreting a will or a document that forms the basis
      of a claim against an estate or trust;

      (4) An order interpreting, modifying, reforming or terminating a
      trust;

      (5) An order determining the status of fiduciaries, beneficiaries,
      or creditors in an estate, trust, or guardianship;

      (6) An order determining an interest in real or personal property;

      (7) An order issued after an inheritance tax appeal has been taken
      to the Orphans’ Court pursuant to either 72 P.S. § 9186(a)(3) or
      72 P.S. § 9188, or after the Orphans’ Court has made a
      determination of the issue protested after the record has been
      removed from the Department of Revenue pursuant to 72 P.S. §
      9188(a); or

      (8) An order otherwise appealable by Chapter 3 of these rules.

Pa.R.A.P. 342(a).




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      In the case before us, the orphans’ court’s October 18, 2018 order and

its November 20, 2018 order are not “final orders” in that they neither dispose

of all claims and all parties nor were they made final upon an express

determination by the orphans’ court that an immediate appeal would facilitate

resolution of the entire case. Moreover, Marc has not asserted which of the

provisions contained in Rule 342 apply. Rather, Leland and Gary suggest that

the application of subsections (a)(1) and (a)(5) are closest to the situation

here; however, they argue neither subsection relates to the appeals before

us. We agree.

      Here, neither order confirmed an account or authorized or directed a

distribution.   Nor did either order determine the status of fiduciaries,

beneficiaries, or creditors of an estate.   Thus, Rule 342 does not apply.

Moreover, as for the sections of the law that Marc lists, section 702 is not

applicable because the orphans’ court did not determine that a controlling

question of law was at issue that would lead to the termination of the case.

42 Pa.C.S. § 702. As for 42 Pa.C.S. § 742, it is obvious that although this

Court has jurisdiction over appeals from orphans’ court orders, the orders in

question are not final orders and, therefore, section 742 is not applicable.

Again, with regard to 42 Pa.C.S. § 5105, it provides for appeals as of right

from final orders, and those interlocutory appeals that fall within exceptions

such as interlocutory appeals by permission.     None of these statutes/rules

apply to the situation here. Therefore, we are required to conclude that we

do not have jurisdiction to address the parties’ claims. Thus, we are compelled

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to quash these appeals. Likewise, the various motions are denied due to this

Court’s lack of jurisdiction.

      Appeals quashed. Motions denied.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 11/27/2019




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