            IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

    KELLY NICHOLS,1             §
                                §                    No. 332, 2017
        Respondent Below,       §
        Appellant,              §                    Court Below—Family Court
                                §                    of the State of Delaware
        v.                      §
                                §                    File Nos. CN11-01936
    DEPARTMENT OF SERVICES FOR §                               16-05-11TN
    CHILDREN, YOUTH AND THEIR   §
    FAMILIES/DIVISION OF FAMILY §                    Petition Nos. 15-15104
    SERVICES (DSCYF/DFS),       §                                  16-15113
                                §
        Petitioner Below,       §
        Appellee.               §

    RONALD SAMPSON,             §
                                §                    No. 339, 2017
        Respondent Below,       §
        Appellant,              §                    Court Below—Family Court
                                §                    of the State of Delaware
        v.                      §
                                §                    File Nos. CN11-01936
    DEPARTMENT OF SERVICES FOR §                               16-05-11TN
    CHILDREN, YOUTH AND THEIR   §
    FAMILIES/DIVISION OF FAMILY §                    Petition Nos. 15-15104
    SERVICES (DSCYF/DFS),       §                                  16-15113
                                §
        Petitioner Below,       §
        Appellee.               §

                                Submitted: April 11, 2018
                                Decided: April 25, 2018

Before VALIHURA, VAUGHN, and SEITZ, Justices.


1
    The Court previously assigned pseudonyms to the appellants under Supreme Court Rule 7(d).
                                         ORDER

       This 25th day of April 2018, upon consideration of the parties’ briefs and the

record below,2 it appears to the Court that:

       (1)    The respondent-appellant, Kelly Nichols (“the Mother”), filed an

appeal from the Family Court’s decision, dated July 20, 2017, terminating her

parental rights to her son (“the Son”), who was born in 2007, and her daughter (“the

Daughter”), who was born in 2008 (collectively “the Children”). The respondent-

appellant, Ronald Sampson (“the Father”), also filed an appeal from the Family

Court’s July 20, 2017 decision terminating his parental rights to the Children.

Having carefully reviewed the record, we find no error or abuse of the discretion in

the Family Court’s decision. Accordingly, we affirm the Family Court’s judgment.

       (2)    The Children first came into the care of DSCYF/DFS in March 2011.

After the Mother and the Father completed their respective case plans, the Children

were returned to them in August 2011. On May 29, 2015, DSCYF/DFS filed a

petition for an emergency ex parte order granting custody of the Children to

DSCYF/DFS. The petition was based on the Mother’s substance abuse issues and

domestic violence perpetrated by the Father against the Mother. The Family Court




2
  Because both appeals arise from the same Family Court order and involve similar questions of
law and fact, we have consolidated them sua sponte for decision.

                                              2
granted the petition, scheduled a preliminary protective hearing, and appointed a

guardian ad litem to represent the best interests of the children.

      (3)    At the preliminary protective hearing on June 3, 2015, the Family Court

appointed counsel to represent the Mother and the Father. The Mother stipulated to

probable cause of dependency for the Children due to her lack of stable housing and

substance abuse issues. At that time, the Father was subject to a criminal no contact

order with the Mother and the Children. The Family Court found probable cause to

believe the Children were dependent. The Family Court also found that there was

currently no appropriate placement for the Children with relatives. The Mother was

awarded supervised visitation with the Children, but the Father was not awarded

visitation due to the no contact order.

      (4)    On July 14, 2015, the Family Court held an adjudicatory hearing. The

Family Court found that the Children were dependent based on the parents’

stipulations regarding a lack of appropriate housing. The Father was awarded

supervised visitation because the criminal charges against him were dropped and the

no contact order was lifted. The State advised that the Children were doing well in

the home of a foster mother (“the Foster Mother”). The Family Court also found

that DSCYF/DFS was making reasonable efforts at reunification.

      (5)    On August 11, 2015, the Family Court held a dispositional hearing. The

Family Court continued to find the Children to be dependent and that DSCYF/DFS


                                           3
was making reasonable efforts at reunification. Case plans were entered for the

Mother and the Father.

      (6)    On November 17, 2015, the Family Court held a review hearing. The

Family Court continued to find the Children to be dependent and that DSCYF/DFS

was making reasonable efforts at reunification. The Mother and the Father were

living together again, but their housing was unstable. They were making progress

on their case plans. At the review hearing, it was noted that the Daughter, who has

Down Syndrome, was receiving treatment for diabetes.           Concerns were also

expressed regarding the Daughter’s sexualized behaviors.        The Daughter was

scheduled for an interview with the Child Advocacy Center.

      (7)    On March 11, 2016, the Family Court held a review hearing. The

Family Court continued to find the Children to be dependent and that DSCYF/DFS

was making reasonable efforts at reunification.       DSCYF/DFS noted that the

Daughter continued to act out sexually and was recently diagnosed with celiac

disorder.

      (8)    On April 26, 2016, DSCYF/DFS filed a petition to change the goal from

reunification to termination of parental rights. The guardian ad litem had no

objection to the motion, but the Mother and the Father opposed the motion. On May

23, 2016, DSCYF/DFS filed a petition for termination and transfer of parents rights.

The petition alleged that the parents’ rights should be terminated under 13 Del. C. §


                                         4
1103(a)(5) because they were not able or had failed to plan adequately for the

Children’s physical needs or mental health and development. The parties later

stipulated that there would be concurrent goals of termination of parental

rights/adoption and reunification. They also stipulated that the Child Advocacy

Center interviews with the Children would be submitted to the Family Court.

      (9)    The Family Court held a permanency hearing on November 4, 2016.

The Family Court interviewed the Son on December 6, 2016. The Family Court

subsequently held that concurrent goals of termination of parental rights/adoption

and reunification were appropriate. A termination of parental rights hearing was

originally scheduled for January 24, 2017, January 27, 2017, and February 7, 2017,

but was rescheduled for June 26, 2017 and June 27, 2017 due to the Family Court

judge’s medical leave.

      (10) At the June 2017 hearing, the Family Court heard testimony from a

psychologist who did psychological evaluations of the Mother and the Father, a

therapist who did a caregiver assessment of the parents, a psychologist called on

behalf of the parents, the Mother’s family interventionist, a Children’s Choice case

worker, a DSCYF/DFS treatment worker and a DSCYF/DFS supervisor who had

been involved in the 2011 case as a treatment worker, the Mother’s Connections

therapist, the Father’s family interventionist, the Mother’s Child, Inc. therapist, the

Father’s Child Inc. therapist, a friend of the parents, the Foster Mother, and a


                                          5
DSCYF/DFS permanency/adoption worker. The Family Court also considered a

substantiation of the Father for sexual abuse of the Daughter and a transcript of the

substantiation hearing.3

       (11) On July 20, 2017, the Family Court issued a decision terminating the

parental rights of the Father and the Mother. The Family Court found by clear and

convincing evidence that the Father and the Mother had failed to plan adequately for

the Children’s needs under 13 Del. C. § 1103(a)(5). Although the Father had

completed the services required by his case plan, he had failed to adequately plan

for the Children’s needs based on his inappropriate behavior with the Children

during visitation, his refusal to follow the Daughter’s diabetes regimen, his sexual

abuse of the Daughter, and his inappropriate behavior with professionals, including

the professionals treating the Daughter’s medical conditions. As to the Mother, the

Family Court found that she had made significant progress on her case plan, but

failed to adequately plan for the Children’s needs because she denied that the Father

had sexually abused the Daughter, was unable to do the calculations for the

Daughter’s diabetes regimen, was unable to protect the Daughter from sexual abuse

by the Father, and was unable to protect the Son from the Father’s overly aggressive

behavior.



3
 This Court affirmed the substantiation order on appeal. Sampson v. Dep’t of Servs. for Children
Youth and Their Families (DSCYF), 2017 WL 4857317 (Del. Oct. 25, 2017).
                                               6
       (12) The Family Court next found, by clear and convincing evidence, that

DSYCF/DFS had made reasonable efforts to reunify the family. Finally, the Family

Court considered the best interest factors under 13 Del. C. § 722 and found, by clear

and convincing evidence, that termination of parental rights was in the best interests

of the Children.4        The Family Court recognized that the Children’s wishes

(specifically the Son’s expressed desire for reunification) weighed against

termination of parental rights, but gave this factor less weight because there was

testimony that most children express a desire for reunification. After weighing all

of the § 722 factors, the Family Court found that termination was in the best interests

of the Children. These appeals followed.

       (13) On appeal, the Mother’s appointed counsel filed an opening brief and a

motion to withdraw under Supreme Court Rule 26.1(c). The Mother’s counsel

asserts that she has reviewed the record and has determined that no arguable claim

for appeal exists. By letter, the Mother’s counsel informed her of the provisions of




4
  The best interest factors include: (i) the wishes of the parents regarding the child’s custody and
residential arrangements; (ii) the wishes of the child regarding her custodians and residential
arrangements; (iii) the interaction and interrelationship of the child with her parents, grandparents,
siblings, persons cohabitating in the relationship of husband and wife with a parent of the child,
and any other residents of the household or persons who may significantly affect the child’s best
interests; (iv) the child's adjustment to her home, school, and community; (v) the mental and
physical health of all individuals involved; (vi) past and present compliance by both parents with
their rights and responsibilities to the child under 13 Del. C. § 701; (vii) evidence of domestic
violence; and (viii) the criminal history of any party or any resident of the household. 13 Del. C. §
722.

                                                  7
Rule 26.1(c) and provided her with a copy of the motion to withdraw and the

accompanying brief. The Mother provided points for the Court to consider on

appeal. In her points, the Mother argues that she completed her case plan, she and

the Father adequately planned for the Children’s needs, DSYCF/DFS did not try to

reunify the family, and the Father did not sexually abuse the Daughter. DSYCF/DFS

filed a response to the Rule 26.1(c) brief and moved to affirm the Family Court’s

judgment. The guardian ad litem appointed to represent the interests of the Children

filed a response, as requested by the Court, in support of affirmance of the Family

Court’s judgment.

       (14) As to the Father’s appeal, the Father’s counsel filed an opening brief

and the State filed an answering brief. The Father argues that DSYCF/DFS did not

establish, by clear and convincing evidence, that termination of his parental rights

was in the Children’s best interests.

       (15) On appeal, this Court reviews the Family Court’s factual and legal

determinations as well as its inferences and deductions.5 We will not disturb the

Family Court’s rulings on appeal if the court’s findings of fact are supported by the

record and its explanations, deductions, and inferences are the product of an orderly

and logical reasoning process.6 We review legal rulings de novo.7 If the Family


5
  Long v. Div. of Family Servs., 41 A.3d 367, 370 (Del. 2012).
6
  In re Heller, 669 A.2d 25, 29 (Del. 1995).
7
  Id.
                                               8
Court correctly applied the law, then our standard of review is abuse of discretion.8

On issues of witness credibility, we will not substitute our judgment for that of the

trier of fact.9

       (16) The statutory procedure for terminating parental rights requires two

separate inquires.10 First, the Family Court must determine whether the evidence

presented meets one of the statutory grounds for termination.11 Second, the Family

Court must determine whether termination of parental rights is in the best interest of

the child.12 Both of these requirements must be established by clear and convincing

evidence.13

       (17) After careful consideration of the parties’ positions and the record on

appeal, we conclude that the judgment of the Family Court should be affirmed on

the basis of, and for the reasons, stated in the Family Court’s thorough and well-

reasoned decision dated July 20, 2017. We find no error in the Family Court’s

application of the law to the facts. The Family Court found clear and convincing

evidence that the Mother and the Father had failed to plan adequately for the

Children’s needs, that DSYCF/DFS had made reasonable reunification efforts, and



8
  CASA v. Dep’t of Servs. for Children, Youth and Their Families, 834 A.2d 63, 66 (Del. 2003).
9
  Wife (J.F.V.) v. Husband (O.W.V., Jr.), 402 A.2d 1202, 1204 (Del. 1979).
10
   Shepherd v. Clemens, 752 A.2d 533, 536-37 (Del. 2000).
11
   13 Del. C. § 1103(a) (listing the grounds for termination of parental rights).
12
   13 Del. C. § 722(a).
13
   Powell v. Dep’t of Servs. for Children, Youth and Their Families, 963 A.2d 724, 731 (Del. 2008).

                                                9
termination of the Mother’s and the Father’s parental rights was in the best interests

of the Children. Those conclusions are well-supported by the record. Thus, we

affirm.

      NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the judgment of the Family

Court is AFFIRMED. The motion to withdraw is moot.

                                       BY THE COURT:

                                       /s/ Collins J. Seitz, Jr.
                                              Justice




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