                    IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI

                                 NO. 2005-IA-00684-SCT

SOUTH CENTRAL REGIONAL MEDICAL
CENTER

v.

RHONDA GUFFY


DATE OF JUDGMENT:                           03/15/2005
TRIAL JUDGE:                                HON. BILLY JOE LANDRUM
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:                  JONES COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT:                    RICHARD O. BURSON
                                            WENDELL JOSEPH WIGGINS
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:                      LEONARD B. MELVIN, JR.
NATURE OF THE CASE:                         CIVIL - OTHER
DISPOSITION:                                REVERSED AND RENDERED - 06/01/2006
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:




       EN BANC.

       EASLEY, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:

                               PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶1.    Rhonda Guffy (Guffy) filed suit against the South Central Regional Medical Center

(Hospital) located in Laurel, Mississippi, in the Circuit Court of the Second Judicial District

of Jones County, Mississippi, on November 14, 2002. The Hospital filed its answer on

December 11, 2002, raising the Mississippi Torts Claim Act (MTCA), Miss. Code Ann.

§ 11-46-1 et seq., as an affirmative defense. The Hospital also filed interrogatories and took

depositions in the case.
¶2.    Subsequently, the Hospital filed its motion to dismiss Guffy’s claim on November 18,

2004. The Hospital argued that Guffy’s complaint should be dismissed for failure to meet

the notice requirements of Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11. Guffy did not file a written response

to the motion to dismiss. The trial court held a hearing on the motion on February 28, 2005.

On March 15, 2005, the trial court denied the Hospital’s motion to dismiss. On April 5,

2005, the Hospital sought interlocutory appeal of the trial court’s ruling, which this Court

granted on June 8, 2005. See M.R.A.P. 5.

                                          FACTS

¶3.    On or about September 20, 2002, Guffy suffered injuries when she stepped into a hole

in the Hospital’s parking lot. Guffy was immediately taken to the Hospital’s emergency

room where she was treated and released. Guffy filed suit against the Hospital fifty-five days

after the accident on November 14, 2002. After filing its answer and conducting discovery,

the Hospital filed its motion to dismiss Guffy’s complaint based on her failure to

substantially comply with the notice requirements of the MTCA. The Hospital argued that

no written notice or letter was ever provided as required by Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2).

¶4.    The record does not contain any written notice from Guffy to the chief executive

officer of this governmental entity or anyone else. Likewise, Guffy does not demonstrate that

written notice was provided to the Hospital under Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2). Guffy

contended that she substantially complied with the notice requirements based on a

conversation she had with the risk manager at the Hospital to review her emergency room

medical bill. Guffy also contends the Hospital was on notice because her attorney requested



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her medical records from the Hospital and informed an insurance adjuster that Guffy

intended to file suit against the Hospital.

¶5.       In addition to failing to provide any written notice in the record, Guffy filed suit

against the Hospital fifty-five days after the accident. As such, Guffy also failed to wait the

statutory ninety days after providing notice to file suit against the Hospital. After hearing

oral arguments on the Hospital’s motion to dismiss, the trial court took the matter under

advisement and subsequently entered its order denying the Hospital’s motion to dismiss. The

trial court found only “that the Defendant’s motion is not well taken and should be denied.”

¶6.       The Hospital is now before this Court on interlocutory appeal raising the following

issues:

          I.     Whether Guffy’s complaint should have been dismissed for failing
                 to substantially comply with the notice requirements of Miss. Code
                 Ann. § 11-46-11(2).

          II.    Whether Guffy’s complaint should have been dismissed for failing
                 to wait the statutory ninety days before filing suit under Miss. Code
                 Ann. § 11-46-11(1).


                                        DISCUSSION

¶7.       On appeal, the Hospital argues the trial court’s judgment denying the Hospital’s

motion to dismiss for Guffy’s failure to comply with the notice requirements of Miss. Code

Ann. § 11-46-11(2) should be reversed. As such, the Hospital claims Guffy failed to

substantially comply with the notice provision of the MTCA. This Court reviews errors of

law, including the proper application of the Mississippi Tort Claims Act, de novo. Fairley

v. George County, 871 So. 2d 713, 716 (Miss. 2004); City of Jackson v. Brister, 838 So. 2d


                                               3
274, 277-78 (Miss. 2003). “The MTCA is the exclusive remedy for filing a lawsuit against

governmental entities and its employees.” Id. at 277-78. The standard employed by this

Court requires substantial compliance with the notice requirements of the MTCA. McNair

v. Univ. of Miss. Med. Ctr., 742 So. 2d 1078, 1080 (Miss. 1999); Carr v. Town of Shubuta,

733 So. 2d 261 (Miss. 1999); see also Reaves ex rel. Rouse v. Randall, 729 So. 2d 1237,

1240 (Miss. 1998) (“When the simple requirements of the Act have been substantially

complied with, jurisdiction will attach for purposes of the Act.”).

¶8.    At the hearing on the Hospital’s motion to dismiss, Guffy’s counsel stated that he

spoke and corresponded with the director of the Hospital and with the Hospital’s insurance

company trying to settle Guffy’s claim without filing suit. However, Guffy never produced

any documentation or correspondence at the hearing or in the record to demonstrate that any

written notice pursuant Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2) had been provided. The Hospital was

not aware of any correspondence. The record is completely devoid of any written notice or

any written documentation that could be construed to be written notice under Miss. Code

Ann. § 11-46-11(2).

¶9.    Likewise, Guffy does not provide any details as to when the alleged conversations

with the director or the insurance company took place. Counsel for the Hospital stated at the

motion hearing that no one from the Hospital, the executive director, Doug Higginbotham,

nor any one from the insurance company ever informed Guffy or Guffy’s attorney that she

did not have to comply with the notice requirements under the MTCA. The record is clear

that the complaint was filed fifty-five days after the accident occurred, and the Hospital was



                                              4
served four days later. Therefore, even though no written notice is contained in the record,

Guffy clearly did not wait the statutory ninety days before commencing the action against the

Hospital.

¶10.   Guffy argued that the Hospital unduly delayed raising the notice requirement waiting

until November 18, 2004, to file its motion to dismiss. The Hospital contended that the

MTCA was raised as an affirmative defense in its answer. Also, the Hospital stated at the

hearing that its insurance company, Reciprocal of America, went into default and then court-

handled liquidation. The liquidation delayed the case while the guaranty fund sorted out the

claim’s assignment. The counsel for the Hospital testified that the liquidation delayed the

case for 2003 and part of 2004.

       I.     Lack of written notice

¶11.   On appeal, Guffy does not provide any legal authority in support of her position.

Rather, Guffy states that no Mississippi cases can be found similar to the case at hand. Guffy

asks this Court in the interest of justice and fairness to affirm the trial court’s judgment to

deny the Hospital’s motion to dismiss. Guffy states that the Hospital received sufficient

notice. The Hospital contends that Guffy failed to substantially comply with the notice

requirement under Miss. Code Ann. 11-46-11(2).

¶12.   The MTCA notice statute provides:

              Every notice of claim required by subsection (1) of this section shall
       be in writing, and shall be delivered in person or by registered or certified
       United States mail. Every notice of claim shall contain a short and plain
       statement of the facts upon which the claim is based, including the
       circumstances which brought about the injury, the extent of the injury, the time
       and place the injury occurred, the names of all persons known to be involved,


                                              5
       the amount of money damages sought and the residence of the person making
       the claim at the time of the injury and at the time of filing the notice.

Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2) (Rev. 2002) (emphasis added).

¶13.   This Court in 2004 addressed a situation similar to the argument raised by Guffy on

appeal regarding Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2) in Fairley. There this Court distinguished

between substantial compliance and non-compliance with the notice provisions of the

MTCA, stating:

              This Court requires “substantial compliance” with the MTCA notice
       provisions. See Carr v. Town of Shubuta, 733 So. 2d 261 (Miss. 1999);
       Reaves ex rel. Rouse v. Randall, 729 So. 2d 1237 (Miss. 1998). However,
       while plaintiffs need only substantially comply with the MTCA notice statute,
       “we can hardly afford relief under the [MTCA] when there is no effort to
       comply with the procedural mandates.” Little v. Miss. Dep't of Human Servs.,
       835 So. 2d 9, 12-13 (Miss. 2002) (emphasis added). That is, “[t]hough
       substantial compliance with the notice provisions is sufficient, ‘substantial
       compliance is not the same as, nor a substitute for, non-compliance.’ ”
       Gale v. Thomas, 759 So. 2d 1150, 1158 (Miss. 1999) (plurality) (quoting
       Carr v. Town of Shubuta, 733 So. 2d 261, 265 (Miss. 1999).

Fairley, 871 So. 2d at 716-17 (emphasis added).            “‘The determination of substantial

compliance is a legal, though fact-sensitive, question.’” Id. at 717 (quoting Carr, 733 So. 2d

at 265).

¶14.   The Court determined that the letter failed to substantially comply with at least six

required notice factors as the “letter was not (1) sent registered mail or certified mail, nor was

it delivered in person; (2) did not contain a short and plain statement of the facts with regard

to circumstance of injury; (3) did not give the extent of injuries; (4) did not give the name of

all persons; (5) did not list the damages sought; and (6) did not give the residence of the

claimant.” Id. at 718. While the Court in Fairley had a letter to consider in determining


                                                6
whether substantial compliance had occurred, this case is devoid of any letter to examine to

determine if any of the required notice factors have been satisfied. However, Fairley made

a similar argument as Guffy that the Board had sufficient notice of the claim despite the

content of the letter or the defects in the letter. Id. at 718-19 .

¶15.   In Fairley, besides the letter, the facts contained in the separate opinion, concurring

in result, provide that the president of the board of supervisors, another board member, and

the board’s comptroller testified in depositions that they were aware of Fairley’s accident.

Id. at 719-20. Likewise, the board’s insurance adjuster testified in her deposition that she

was aware of the accident and had conversations with the board’s comptroller and a board

member regarding Fairley’s case. Id. at 720. Fairley’s attorney also provided an affidavit

that she had numerous telephone conversations with the board’s insurance adjuster regarding

Fairley’s accident. Id. In Fairley1 this Court examined the letter Fairley's attorney sent to

the George County Board of Supervisors; however, the Court determined that Fairley failed

to substantially comply with the notice requirements. Id. at 718.

¶16.   Furthermore, in Black v. City of Tupelo, 853 So. 2d 1221, 1226 (Miss. 2003), this

Court in 2003 addressed another case factually similar to this case. In Black, Black failed

to send any notice of claim letter at all. Id. The Court found that Black had not substantially

complied with the notice requirements of the Mississippi Tort Claims Act as he did not

provide the notice required. Id.




       1
         The whole letter is contained in the separate opinion concurring in result.
Fairley, 871 So. 2d at 719.

                                                7
¶17.   Recently, this Court has had the opportunity to further examine the application of

Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11. In University of Mississippi Medical Center v. Easterling,

2006 WL 871302 (Miss. 2006), this Court has adopted a strict compliance requirement

regarding Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2). However, this Court’s language in its holding in

Easterling is very specific in its application. In Easterling, we stated:

       In order to make it perfectly clear to all that strict compliance is required, as
       stated in Davis and Wright, we hereby overrule Tomlinson and its progeny,
       including Booneville, Givens, City of Wiggins, Mississippi School for Blind,
       and Clay County, but only as to those cases' analysis of the ninety-day notice
       requirement. In other words, the rule set forth in Tomlinson, that the
       responsibility falls on the defendant to request a stay of the lawsuit when a
       plaintiff is not in compliance with the ninety-day notice requirement, is
       abrogated.

Easterling, 2006 WL 871302 *5 (emphasis added). Thus, the holding was clear and

unambiguous that it addressed only the ninety-day notice requirement under Miss. Code Ann.

§ 11-46-11(1). Id. The Tomlinson case and its progeny cited in the Easterling decision

dealt with the application of the ninety-day notice requirement. Id. However, this is not the

case at hand in Issue I. Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(1) and its ninety-day statutorily required

waiting period before maintaining an action are addressed in Issue II. As such, our holding

in Easterling is incorporated into the discussion in Issue II, regarding Miss. Code Ann. § 11-

46-11(1).

¶18.   While Easterling is limited in its holding to the ninety-day notice requirement, the

MTCA requires persons wishing to file suit against a “governmental entity or its employee”

to provide notice “ninety (90) days prior to maintaining an action,” and to provide “a short

and plain statement of the facts upon which the claim is based.” See Miss. Code Ann. § § 11-


                                              8
46-11(1) and (2); See also Easterling, 2006 WL 871302 *4-5. Pursuant to Miss. Code Ann.

§ 11-46-11(2), there are seven required categories of information which must be included.

The seven required categories are as follows: (1) the circumstances which brought about the

injury; (2) the extent of the injury; (3) the time and place the injury occurred; (4) the names

of all persons known to be involved; (5) the amount of money damages sought; (6) the

residence of the person making the claim at the time of the injury; and (7) the claimant’s

residence at the time of filing the notice. See Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2). The language

of Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2) clearly states that “every notice of claim shall contain a

short and plain statement” addressing these seven categories of information or facts upon

which the claim is based and this “shall be in writing.” See Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2).

As such, the language contained in Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2) is mandatory.

¶19.   With respect to the seven required categories of information, the failure to provide any

one of the seven categories is failure to comply. Thus, the term “substantial compliance” in

this context is rendered meaningless. Either the written notice complied with Miss. Code

Ann. § 11-46-11(2) by disclosing all seven required categories of information, or it did not

comply with the statute by failing to disclose all seven required categories of information.

The wording, “substantial compliance” with the requirements of Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-

11(2), contained in many of this Court’s opinions regarding the application of Miss. Code

Ann. § 11-46-11(2) causes confusion and needs to be addressed by this Court today in order

to provide direction and clarity to the courts and the bar. See, e.g., Fairley, 871 So. 2d at

716; Gale v. Thomas, 759 So. 2d at 1158; McNair v. Univ. of Miss. Med. Ctr., 742 So. 2d



                                              9
at 1080; Carr v. Town of Shubuta, 733 So. 2d at 263; Reaves ex rel. Rouse v. Randall, 729

So. 2d at 1240.

¶20.   The confusion has arisen in the discussion of Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2), as to

how much information is required by this Court under each of the seven categories to comply

with Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2). As a practical example, the first category requires

notice of the “circumstances which brought about the injury.” In order to comply with this

requirement, the notice need not disclose every single fact, figure and detail, but rather the

substantial details, in order to comply with the requirements of Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-

11(2). But, the failure to provide any of the seven statutorily required categories of

information falls short of the statutory requirement and amounts to non-compliance with

Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2). However, where some information in each of the seven

required categories is provided, this Court must determine whether the information is

“substantial” enough to be in compliance with the statute. If it is, the result is “compliance,”

not “substantial compliance” with the requirements under Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2).

¶21.   Therefore, we find that Guffy has failed to comply with the notice requirements of

Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2). Due to the lack of any written notice in the record, Guffy

failed to comply with the mandatory requirements of Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2) as none

of the seven required categories of information are provided. As such, the trial court

committed reversible error in denying the Hospital’s motion to dismiss Guffy’s complaint

for failure to comply with the notice requirements of Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2).




                                              10
       II.    Failure to wait ninety days

¶22.   As stated above, the trial court’s judgment denying the Hospital’s motion to dismiss

constituted reversible error as the record does not demonstrate that Guffy ever provided

written notice to the Hospital under Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2). Therefore, there is no

need to address Guffy’s failure to wait the statutory ninety days after providing notice before

commencement of her action against the Hospital in any great detail.

¶23.   The record demonstrates that Guffy failed to wait the statutory ninety days after

providing notice before filing suit against the Hospital. Besides the lack of written notice,

the record also reveals that Guffy filed suit against the Hospital fifty-five days after the

accident occurred on November 14, 2002. Four days later on November 18, 2002, the

Hospital’s executive director, Douglas Higginbotham, was served with Guffy’s complaint.

As such, it is impossible for Guffy to contend the ninety-day period was met. The MTCA

specifically requires the plaintiff to wait ninety days after providing notice before

maintaining an action against a governmental entity, stating:

              After all procedures within a governmental entity have been exhausted,
       any person having a claim for injury arising under the provisions of this
       chapter against a governmental entity or its employee shall proceed as he
       might in any action at law or in equity; provided, however, that ninety (90)
       days prior to maintaining an action thereon, such person shall file a notice
       of claim with the chief executive officer of the governmental entity.

Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(1) (Rev. 2002) (emphasis added).

¶24.   In Black, 853 So. 2d at 1226, this Court in 2003 stated:

             There is a mandatory notice requirement on potential plaintiffs which
       must be satisfied prior to the institution of any tort lawsuit against a
       governmental entity or one of its employees. Specifically, in an action against


                                              11
       a governmental agency “ninety days prior to maintaining an action thereon,
       such person shall file a notice of claim with the chief executive officer of the
       governmental entity.” Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(1) (1999).

(Emphasis added).

¶25.   Furthermore, in Easterling, 2006 WL 871302 *5, this Court has gone further and

adopted strict compliance as to the ninety-day notice requirement under Miss. Code Ann.

§ 11-46-11(1). As such, we find that the record clearly demonstrates that Guffy failed to

strictly comply with the ninety-day notice requirement under Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(1).

Accordingly, we find that the trial court erred in denying the Hospital’s motion to dismiss

Guffy’s complaint.

                                      CONCLUSION

¶26.   For the above and foregoing reasons, we find the trial court committed reversible error

in finding that Guffy substantially complied with the notice provisions of Miss. Code Ann.

§ 11-46-11(2) and denying the Hospital’s motion to dismiss. We find that Guffy did not

comply with the notice provisions of Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11(2). Furthermore, Guffy

did not strictly comply with the statutory ninety-day requirement under Miss. Code Ann.

§ 11-46-11(1). Therefore, the judgment of the Circuit Court of Jones County, Mississippi,

is reversed, and judgment is rendered here dismissing Guffy’s complaint against South

Central Regional Medical Center without prejudice.

¶27.   REVERSED AND RENDERED.

    SMITH, C.J., COBB, P.J., CARLSON AND DICKINSON, JJ., CONCUR. DIAZ
AND GRAVES, JJ., DISSENT WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.
WALLER, P.J., AND RANDOLPH, J., NOT PARTICIPATING.



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