                                                                         FILED
                                                                      MARCH 12, 2020
                                                                In the Office of the Clerk of Court
                                                               WA State Court of Appeals, Division III



         IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
                            DIVISION THREE

In the Matter of the Detention of             )
                                              )         No. 36153-5-III
DONALD CURBOW,                                )
                                              )
                     Appellant.               )         UNPUBLISHED OPINION

       KORSMO, J. — Donald Curbow appeals from a jury verdict finding him to be a

sexually violent predator (SVP), arguing that his evidence was more persuasive than that

offered against him. Since the jury is the sole determiner of credibility and

persuasiveness, we affirm.

                                          FACTS

       The State petitioned to have Mr. Curbow committed as a sexually violent predator

in 2016. His prior criminal history included two 1995 convictions for attempted sexual

abuse in Multnomah County, Oregon, and 1999 Spokane County convictions for first

degree child rape and first degree child molestation. The SVP petition proceeded to jury

trial in the Spokane County Superior Court.

       The State presented testimony from clinical psychologist Harry Hoberman who

had evaluated Mr. Curbow in 2013, 2016, and 2018. Dr. Hoberman diagnosed Curbow

with pedophilic disorder, hebephilic disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and

narcissistic personality disorder. He concluded, based on the evaluations, risk assessment
No. 36153-5-III
In re Detention of Curbow


instruments, and diagnoses, that Curbow was more likely than not to commit sexual

offenses in the future.

       Clinical psychologist Christopher Fisher testified for Mr. Curbow. He also

diagnosed him with pedophilic disorder, but concluded that he was not likely to commit

sexual offenses in the future. Curbow argued to the jury that Dr. Hoberman’s assessment

tools were flawed and that Curbow’s age made him unlikely to reoffend.

       The jury nonetheless concluded that Curbow was an SVP. He timely appealed to

this court. A panel considered his appeal without holding argument.

                                       ANALYSIS

       This appeal presents the single issue of whether the State presented sufficient

evidence to support the SVP finding. It did.

       RCW 71.09.060 authorizes the civil commitment of those persons meeting the

statutory definition of “sexually violent predator.” An SVP is

       any person who has been convicted of or charged with a crime of sexual
       violence and who suffers from a mental abnormality or personality disorder
       which makes the person likely to engage in predatory acts of sexual
       violence if not confined in a secure facility.

RCW 71.09.020(18).

       Because the statute requires proof beyond a reasonable doubt, challenges to the

sufficiency of the evidence in SVP determinations are evaluated using the same criteria

courts use for criminal convictions. In re Det. of Thorell, 149 Wn.2d 724, 744, 72 P.3d


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In re Detention of Curbow


708 (2003). In a sufficiency challenge, the evidence is viewed in the light most favorable

to the State, with all reasonable inferences drawn in favor of the State and interpreted

most strongly against the respondent. In re Det. of Audett, 158 Wn.2d 712, 727, 147 P.3d

982 (2006). A commitment will be upheld only if any rational trier of fact could have

found the essential elements beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. at 727-728. Clinical and

actuarial assessments of future dangerousness are admissible in SVP commitment

hearings. Thorell, 149 Wn.2d at 756. Circumstantial evidence and direct evidence carry

equal weight. State v. Goodman, 150 Wn.2d 774, 781, 83 P.3d 410 (2004). Credibility

determinations are for the trier of fact and are not subject to review. State v. Camarillo,

115 Wn.2d 60, 71, 794 P.2d 850 (1990).

       Mr. Curbow’s appeal runs head on into the last-noted principle. He argues that the

evidence that he is too old to be likely to reoffend was more persuasive than that offered

by the State, thus leaving the “likely to reoffend” element unproved. Specifically, he

argues that newer assessment tools call into question the continuing vitality of the tools

used by the State, even though they have previously been approved by our Supreme

Court.1 The existence of a controversy, if in fact one exists, does not invalidate the

accepted risk assessment tools relied on by the State’s expert.


       1
        “The central issue, in this case, is whether the actuarial and testimonial evidence
was sufficient when its validity and usefulness has been questioned by researchers and
experts who evaluate individuals for civil commitment under RCW 71.09.” Br. of
Appellant at 22.

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In re Detention of Curbow


       Rather, these were arguments for the jury to consider and weigh. For purposes of

our review, the question was whether there was evidence that permitted the jury to reach

the conclusion that it did. Audett, 158 Wn.2d at 727-728. Viewing the evidence in a

light most favorable to the State, as we must, establishes that the State met its burden.

The prior offenses were established, and both experts agreed that Mr. Curbow was a

pedophile. The remaining question, the likelihood of reoffense, was established by Dr.

Hoberman's testimony. The jury was free to disregard that testimony or accept it. It

accepted the evidence, as was its right. Camarillo, 115 Wn.2d at 71.

       The judgment is affirmed.

      A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the

Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to RCW

2.06.040.




WE CONCUR:




      Fearing, i




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