Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before
any court except for the purpose of
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANTS:                         ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

THOMAS C. ALLEN                                   ROBERT J. HENKE
Fort Wayne, Indiana                               Indiana Department of Child Services
                                                  Indianapolis, Indiana
ROBERTA RENBARGER
Fort Wayne, Indiana                               ALISA RUDE
                                                  Indiana Department of Child Services
                                                  Fort Wayne, Indiana


                             IN THE                                             FILED
                                                                             Jul 26 2012, 9:11 am
                   COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
                                                                                     CLERK
                                                                                   of the supreme court,
                                                                                   court of appeals and

J.H. and T.G.,                        )                                                   tax court



                                      )
     Appellants-Respondents,          )
                                      )
            vs.                       )                    No. 02A03-1112-JT-556
                                      )
INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF CHILD SERVICES, )
                                      )
     Appellee-Petitioner.             )


                    APPEAL FROM THE ALLEN SUPERIOR COURT
                          The Honorable Charles F. Pratt, Judge
                        The Honorable Lori K. Morgan, Magistrate
          Cause No. 02D08-1106-JT-94, 02D08-1106-JT-95 and 02D08-1108-JT-111



                                         July 26, 2012


                 MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION


NAJAM, Judge
                                STATEMENT OF THE CASE

       J.H. (“Father”) and T.G. (“Mother”) (collectively “Parents”) appeal the trial

court’s termination of their parental rights to their children E.H., M.H., and A.H. Parents

present the following two issues for our review:

       1.      Whether they were denied their right to due process when the trial
               court admitted into evidence Exhibit 16 at the termination hearing
               regarding E.H. and M.H.

       2.      Whether the trial court lacked personal jurisdiction over Parents for
               lack of proper service in the matter regarding A.H.

       We affirm.

                         FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

       Parents, who have never married, have three children together:                    E.H., born

February 3, 2009; M.H., born November 17, 2009; and A.H., born October 3, 2010.

After M.H. was born, a meconium test was positive for marijuana, and Parents’ behavior

while at the hospital raised “some concerns” from hospital staff. Transcript E.H. 1 at 20.

In addition, the Indiana Department of Child Services (“DCS”) received information

“regarding neglectful home conditions” for E.H. Id. Accordingly, DCS removed both

children from Parents’ care and filed a petition alleging that both children were children

in need of services (“CHINS”). At the time, Mother tested positive for and confirmed

using marijuana before M.H. was born. Mother also tested positive for morphine, for

which she did not have a prescription.




       1
          There were two termination hearings in this case: one regarding E.H. and M.H. and the second
regarding A.H. We will refer to the first transcript as “Transcript E.H.” and the second transcript as
“Transcript A.H.”
                                                  2
       During subsequent hearings on the matter, Parents admitted to the allegations of

the CHINS petition,2 and E.H. and M.H. were so adjudicated. At the dispositional

hearing on January 29, 2010, the trial court issued parent participation plans. The trial

court ordered Parents to: refrain from all criminal activity; maintain clean, safe and

appropriate housing; notify DCS within forty-eight hours of all changes in household

composition, housing, and employment; cooperate with all caseworkers, the Guardian Ad

Litem (“GAL”) and/or Court Appointed Special Advocate (“CASA”), by attending all

case conferences as directed, maintaining contact, and accepting announced and

unannounced home visits; immediately provide caseworkers with accurate information

regarding paternity, finances, insurance, and family history; immediately provide

caseworkers and mental health specialists with signed and current consents of release and

exchange of information; provide the children with clean, appropriate clothing at all

times; and fully cooperate with all rules of the children’s placement. In addition, the trial

court ordered Parents to:        obtain a drug and alcohol assessment and follow all

recommendations of the assessment; obtain suitable employment and/or seek assistance

to reapply for social security disability income; take all medications as prescribed;

provide appropriate caretakers for the children as directed; obtain psychiatric and

psychological evaluations and follow the recommendations; submit to random urinalysis

testing, drug screens, and/or oral swabs as required by DCS caseworkers and refrain from

use of alcohol, illegal drugs, and other substance abuse; and attend and appropriately

participate in all visits with the children as directed.


       2
        DCS filed an amended petition and a second amended petition alleging the children to be
CHINS. Parents admitted to the allegations contained in the second amended petition.
                                                3
       Parents met with DCS caseworker Molly Hall for an initial case conference on

December 7, 2009, and they discussed the parent participation plans.            Parents’

psychological evaluations were scheduled for December 30, but when Hall showed up at

their apartment to drive them to the appointment, they were not home, and they missed

the appointments. The appointments were rescheduled five more times, but Parents

failed to show at those appointments too.       Finally, on February 8, 2011, Parents

completed their psychological evaluations. Mother was diagnosed with bipolar disorder,

post-traumatic stress disorder, marijuana abuse disorder, and borderline personality

disorder.   Father was diagnosed with bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder,

marijuana abuse disorder, and “personality traits of anti-social personality.” Transcript

E.H. at 27.    Dr. David Lombard recommended that Mother undergo a psychiatric

evaluation for psychotropic medication, cognitive behavior therapy, dialectical behavior

therapy, substance abuse treatment, supervised visitation, and parent education. And Dr.

Lombard recommended that Father also undergo a psychiatric evaluation for

psychotropic medication, cognitive behavior therapy, substance abuse treatment,

supervised visitation, and parent education. Mother did not comply with any of Dr.

Lombard’s recommendations. And while Father underwent a psychiatric evaluation, he

attended only a single therapy session after that and otherwise was noncompliant.

Further, other than the psychological assessments and sporadic visitation with the

children, Parents failed to comply with most of the requirements under the parent

participation plans.




                                           4
        In the meantime, Mother gave birth to A.H. on October 3, 2010. Because Parents

did not have stable housing, and because E.H. and M.H. were already CHINS, DCS

removed A.H. from Parents’ care and filed a petition alleging A.H. to be a CHINS. The

trial court issued parent participation plans for Father and Mother, but they did not

comply with those plans as ordered.

        On July 12, 2011, DCS filed a petition seeking the involuntary termination of

Parents’ parental rights to E.H. and M.H. An evidentiary hearing on the termination

petition was held on August 2. Parents failed to appear at the hearing. DCS presented

significant evidence concerning Parents’ refusal to participate in the services

recommended by Dr. Lombard, their inability to maintain stable employment or other

sources of income, and general inability to care for the children. DCS caseworker Hall

testified that Parents had lived in approximately seventeen different residences during the

pendency of the case, mostly staying with friends in overcrowded apartments. DCS also

presented evidence establishing that the children were happy and thriving in a foster

home. At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court issued its order terminating

Parents’ parental rights to E.H. and M.H.

        Shortly thereafter,3 DCS filed a petition to terminate Parents’ parental rights to

A.H. DCS attempted service on Parents by certified mail to their last known address, but

that notice was unsuccessful. After making a diligent search for Parents’ whereabouts,

DCS attempted service by publication. And on September 1, the trial court appointed

counsel for Parents and a CASA for A.H. Parents failed to appear at the termination


        3
          Neither party has included copies of the petitions to terminate parental rights in an appendix on
appeal, and the CCS does not clarify the date that the petition pertaining to A.H. was filed.
                                                    5
hearing on October 11, and the trial court defaulted Parents. Parents also failed to appear

at a second termination hearing on October 18, and, after hearing evidence, the trial court

issued its order terminating Parents’ parental rights to A.H. This appeal ensued.

                            DISCUSSION AND DECISION

                                   Standard of Review

       We begin our review by acknowledging that when reviewing a termination of

parental rights, we will not reweigh the evidence or judge the credibility of the witnesses.

In re D.D., 804 N.E.2d 258, 265 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans. denied. Instead, we consider

only the evidence and reasonable inferences that are most favorable to the judgment. Id.

Moreover, in deference to the trial court’s unique position to assess the evidence, we will

set aside the court’s judgment terminating a parent-child relationship only if it is clearly

erroneous. In re L.S., 717 N.E.2d 204, 208 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999), trans. denied.

       Here, in terminating Parents’ parental rights, the trial court entered specific factual

findings and conclusions. When a trial court’s judgment contains specific findings of fact

and conclusions thereon, we apply a two-tiered standard of review. Bester v. Lake Cnty.

Office of Family & Children, 839 N.E.2d 143, 147 (Ind. 2005). First, we determine

whether the evidence supports the findings, and second, we determine whether the

findings support the judgment. Id. “Findings are clearly erroneous only when the record

contains no facts to support them either directly or by inference.” Quillen v. Quillen, 671

N.E.2d 98, 102 (Ind. 1996). If the evidence and inferences support the trial court’s

decision, we must affirm. L.S., 717 N.E.2d at 208.




                                              6
       “The traditional right of parents to establish a home and raise their children is

protected by the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution.” In re M.B.,

666 N.E.2d 73, 76 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996), trans. denied. However, a trial court must

subordinate the interests of the parents to those of the child when evaluating the

circumstances surrounding a termination. K.S., 750 N.E.2d at 837. Termination of a

parent-child relationship is proper where a child’s emotional and physical development is

threatened. Id. Although the right to raise one’s own child should not be terminated

solely because there is a better home available for the child, parental rights may be

terminated when a parent is unable or unwilling to meet his or her parental

responsibilities. Id. at 836.

       Before an involuntary termination of parental rights can occur in Indiana, the State

is required to allege and prove, among other things:

       (B) that one (1) of the following is true:

              (i)There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that
              resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for placement
              outside the home of the parents will not be remedied.

              (ii)There is a reasonable probability that the continuation of the
              parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-being of
              the child.

                                              ***

       (C) that termination is in the best interests of the child . . . .

Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2). The State’s “burden of proof in termination of parental

rights cases is one of ‘clear and convincing evidence.’” In re G.Y., 904 N.E.2d 1257,

1260-61 (Ind. 2009) (quoting Ind. Code § 31-37-14-2 (2008)). Moreover, Indiana Code


                                                7
Section 31-35-2-8(b) provides that if a trial court does not find that the allegations in the

termination petition are true, “the court shall dismiss the petition.” Id. (emphasis added).

Finally, Indiana’s termination statute provides that DCS need establish only one of the

requirements of subsection (b)(2)(B) by clear and convincing evidence before the trial

court may terminate parental rights.

       We observe that Parents do not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence to

support any of the trial court’s findings or allege that the findings do not support the

conclusions.

                                 Issue One: Due Process

       Parents first contend that the trial court denied them their right to due process

when it considered as evidence State’s Exhibit 16, which, they allege, was not admitted

into evidence during the termination hearing regarding E.H. and M.H. State’s Exhibit 16

was the Second Amended Verified Petition Alleging Children to be in Need of Services.

When the State sought to introduce that document as Exhibit 11 during the hearing,

Parents’ attorneys each objected on the basis that it was “inaccurate” in that it did not

include handwritten modifications of parents’ admissions and denials to the allegations

therein. Transcript E.H. at 10. Accordingly, the State submitted another version of the

Second Amended Verified Petition, which included the handwritten notations, as Exhibit

16 after the hearing had concluded. Thus, on appeal, Parents “contend that the court’s

inclusion of Exhibit 16 into the record without the opportunity to view, object to its

admission, or respond to the evidence violated their due process rights to have a fair

trial.” Brief of Appellants at 15.


                                             8
       Trial court error, even of constitutional dimension, does not necessarily require

reversal of a conviction. Bush v. State, 775 N.E.2d 309, 311 (Ind. 2002). Rather, if the

error is such that it would not affect the outcome of the trial, we deem it harmless. Id.

This rule applies equally to the termination of parental rights as to a criminal conviction.

       Here, we need not address whether the trial court violated Parents’ due process

rights on this issue because, even if there were error, it was clearly harmless. Parents

assert that Exhibit 16, the second amended CHINS petition, was evidence used by the

trial court to support its conclusion that the reason for the children’s removal from the

parents’ care would not be remedied. See I.C. § 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B)(i). But the trial court

also concluded that continuation of the parent-child relationships poses a threat to the

well being of the children. See I.C. § 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B)(ii). And Parents do not make

any contention that the trial court relied on Exhibit 16 in making that conclusion.

Because the statute is written in the disjunctive, again, DCS need only prove either

subsection by clear and convincing evidence.           Because Parents do not make a

constitutional or sufficiency of the evidence challenge with regard to subsection (B)(ii),

the trial court’s termination order is adequately supported by that and its other findings

and conclusions that are not challenged by Parents on appeal.

                            Issue Two: Personal Jurisdiction

       Parents next contend that the trial court did not have personal jurisdiction over

them in the termination proceeding as to A.H. In particular, they maintain that there “was

never service of a proper summons” on each of them. Brief of Appellants at 16. We

cannot agree.


                                              9
       In D.L.D. v. L.D., 911 N.E.2d 675, 679 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009), trans. denied, we set

out the applicable standard of review as follows:

       The existence of personal jurisdiction over a defendant is a question of law
       and a constitutional requirement to rendering a valid judgment[.] . . . Thus,
       we review a trial court’s determination regarding personal jurisdiction de
       novo. Although we do not defer to the trial court’s legal conclusion as to
       its existence, personal jurisdiction turns on facts; accordingly, findings of
       fact by the trial court are reviewed for clear error. Clear error exists where
       the record does not offer facts or inferences to support the trial court’s
       findings or conclusions of law.

              The question as to whether process was sufficient to permit a trial
       court to exercise jurisdiction over a party involves two inquiries: whether
       there was compliance with the Indiana Trial Rules regarding service, and
       whether the attempts at service comported with the Due Process Clause of
       the Fourteenth Amendment. It is commonly understood that procedural
       due process includes notice and an opportunity to be heard.

(Citations omitted).

       Here, because Parents had not maintained contact with their case manager at DCS,

as required under their parent participation plans, DCS could not locate Parents at the

time the termination petition was filed. DCS had, however, just a few weeks prior,

advised Parents that the petition would be filed and that they should stay in touch with

their caseworker. DCS attempted service of process on Parents at their last known

address, but it was unsuccessful. Accordingly, DCS attempted service by publication.

And in support of that service by publication, DCS submitted to the trial court an

Affidavit for Diligent Search, which stated as follows:

       1. That affiant is the Allen County Office of the Department of Child
       Services case manager currently assigned to [Parents’] case.
       2. Affiant’s last contact with [Mother and Father] was at the Permanency
       Hearing on July 14, 2011.



                                            10
       3. [Mother]’s last known address as reported on the record at the
       Permanency Hearing on July 14, 2011[,] is 420 Bass Street, Fort Wayne, IN
       46802.
       4. Affiant sent notice via regular and certified mail and said notice did not
       return undeliverable.
       5. [Father]’s last known address as reported on the record at the
       Permanency Hearing on July 14, 2011[,] is 420 Bass Street, Fort Wayne, IN
       46802.
       6. Affiant sent notice via regular and certified mail and said notice did not
       return undeliverable.
       7. [Father] and [Mother] were notified on the record at the Permanency
       Hearing on July 14, 2011 that the Department would be filing for
       Involuntary Termination of Parental Rights and that they should remain
       available.
       8. Affiant has attempted to reach [Mother] and [Father] by last known
       phone number, but the number is no longer in service.
       9. Affiant researched the Department of Correction records and did not
       locate [Mother] or [Father] incarcerated in any State facility.
       10. Affiant was unable to locate [Mother] and [Father] at the Allen County
       Jail.
       11. Affiant was able to obtain information via Facebook, which stated that
       [Father] had left with J & J. Affiant understands that this means J & J
       Entertainment’s traveling carnival where [Mother] and [Father] worked
       from July to October 2010. Affiant also obtained a police report from July
       2011 that stated [Father] informed law enforcement that he was leaving
       with the traveling carnival the following day.

Appellants’ App. at 16-17.

       Indiana Code Section 31-32-9-2 provides in relevant part that if, in an action to

terminate a parent-child relationship, the parent cannot be served in accordance with Rule

4.1 of the Indiana Rules of Procedure, service must be made by publication. And Indiana

Trial Rule 4.13 provides in relevant part:

              In any action where notice by publication is permitted by these rules
       or by statute, service may be made by publication. Summons by
       publication may name all the persons to be served, and separate
       publications with respect to each party shall not be required. The person
       seeking such service, or his attorney, shall submit his request therefor upon
       the praecipe for summons along with supporting affidavits that diligent
       search has been made that the defendant cannot be found, has concealed his
                                             11
      whereabouts, or has left the state, and shall prepare the contents of the
      summons to be published. The summons shall be signed by the clerk of the
      court or the sheriff in such manner as to indicate that it is made by his
      authority.

(Emphasis added).

      Here, Parents contend that “the search by DCS was not diligent or reasonably

calculated to find them.” Brief of Appellants at 19. In particular, Parents assert that,

despite the “tidbit of information” regarding Parents’ employment with J & J

Entertainment, “DCS did nothing to follow up on it.” Id. Parents maintain that DCS

should have attempted to contact J & J Entertainment to determine the carnival’s

schedule, which would have facilitated “private process or other personal service” on

Parents. Id. In addition, Parents contend that DCS should have sent a message to Parents

via Facebook.

      In D.L.D., a dissolution case, the father argued “that his service by publication did

not comport with the requirements of Trial Rule 4.13(A) because Mother’s affidavit was

submitted after the publication and because she did not try to serve him at his last known

employer’s place of business.” 911 N.E.2d at 679. But, in her affidavit,

      Mother averred that she had been unable to locate Father since their
      separation, she had gone to his last known residence and discovered that he
      had been evicted, she tried to locate Father at his best friend’s house, she
      placed a telephone call to that friend and also attempted to contact Father’s
      mother. Mother further averred that, during her deployment to Kosovo,
      A.D. had remained at the home of her maternal grandmother, without
      receiving any communication from Father. Finally, Mother averred that
      she had “made diligent efforts to locate [Father] both before and after the
      publication of summons.”

(Citation omitted). We observed that the father had not “point[ed] to any requirement

that service must be attempted at a party’s place of employment prior to publication.” Id.
                                           12
at 680. And we held that “Father has not persuaded us that his service by publication

failed to comport with Trial Rule 4.13(A).” Id. We further held that the mother had

made an “adequate showing of due diligence, such that we can conclude that the trial

court obtained personal jurisdiction over Father in a manner consistent with the Due

Process Clause.” Id.

       We follow the sound reasoning in D.L.D. and hold that DCS was not required to

attempt to contact Parents through their employer, J & J Enterprises. Further, to the

extent that Parents contend DCS should have contacted them via Facebook, we cannot

say that such was required given the multiple other ways DCS attempted to contact

Parents. Moreover, Parents were under a court order to maintain contact with DCS and

advise DCS of their whereabouts and willfully failed to comply. The DCS caseworker’s

affidavit of due diligence is sufficient to show compliance with Trial Rule 4.13 and

comports with Due Process requirements. Parents cannot show that the trial court lacked

personal jurisdiction over them for purposes of the termination of their rights to A.H.

       Affirmed.

RILEY, J., and BAILEY, J., concur.




                                            13
