[Cite as State v. Chambers, 2014-Ohio-390.]


                 Court of Appeals of Ohio
                               EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                  COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA


                              JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
                                       No. 99864




                                      STATE OF OHIO

                                                             PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE

                                                 vs.

                             LONNIE CHAMBERS, JR.

                                                             DEFENDANT-APPELLANT




                                              JUDGMENT:
                                               AFFIRMED


                                   Criminal Appeal from the
                            Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                                     Case No. CR-568780

        BEFORE:          Jones, P.J., E.A. Gallagher, J., and Stewart, J.

        RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: February 6, 2014
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT

Christopher M. Kelley
75 Public Square
Suite 700
Cleveland, Ohio 44113


ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE

Timothy J. McGinty
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor

BY: Carl Sullivan
Assistant County Prosecutor
The Justice Center, 8th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
LARRY A. JONES, SR., P.J.:

       {¶1} Defendant-appellant Lonnie Chambers appeals his conviction for felonious

assault.   We affirm.

                             I.   Procedural History and Facts

       {¶2} In 2012, Chambers was charged with one count each of felonious assault and

kidnapping.     The matter proceeded to a bench trial at which the following pertinent

evidence was presented.

       {¶3} 60 year-old Kenneth Straka testified that Chambers was his boyfriend and

had lived with him for the past six years. Neither man was employed, but Straka

supported them with his social security disability checks.

       {¶4} On the day of the assault, Chambers and Straka started drinking beer and

wine; Straka testified that Chambers eventually graduated to 80-proof vodka. Both men

were drunk. The men were in the hallway of their apartment when, according to Straka,

Chambers, unprovoked, started punching him.       Chambers repeatedly punched Straka in

the face and also choked him.     Straka testified that Chambers broke his ribs and a bone

in his eye, and he remembered being on the ground, but could not remember if Chambers

kicked him in the ribs.    Straka testified he could not remember everything because

Chambers just kept punching him. When Chambers went to use the bathroom, Straka

escaped and called the police.

       {¶5} Straka was transported to the emergency room by ambulance and admitted to

the hospital.   He received morphine to help with the pain and was released with a
prescription for two painkillers.     He testified that he got a restraining order against

Chambers and had had no contact with Chambers since the assault, except Chambers had

written him three or four letters from jail.

         {¶6} Straka admitted on cross-examination that he was manic depressive and

bipolar and had not been taking his medication when the assault occurred.

         {¶7} Lakewood police officers Robert Drake and Ryan Lavelle responded to the

scene.    Officer Drake observed “extensive injuries” to Straka’s face, some of which

appeared to be old, and noted that Straka was upset and had been drinking. Straka told

the officer that his rib was hurting and that his “live-in boyfriend,” Chambers, had

assaulted him.

         {¶8} When Officer Drake approached Chambers, he observed that he was highly

intoxicated, had bloodshot eyes, had a strong odor of an alcoholic beverage on his breath,

had slurred speech, was slightly incoherent, and was yelling and screaming.        Officer

Drake testified that he observed open scabs on Chambers’s knuckles consistent with his

having punched something.       Chambers told the officer that he gave Straka a black eye

but he had done so several days earlier.

         {¶9} Officer Lavelle also noted Straka’s black eye and that Chambers was

intoxicated, unsteady on his feet, and had open scabs on his knuckles.

         {¶10} Lakewood detective Scott Trommer interviewed Chambers shortly after he

was arrested.    Chambers told the detective that he did not remember what had happened.

 He admitted that he and Straka had argued in the past, but denied that the arguments

ever turned physical.    Chambers conceded he had been drinking all day but maintained
he did not remember assaulting Straka.

        {¶11} Dr. Mourad El-Gazzer of Lakewood Hospital testified that he treated Straka

for a broken rib and broken zygomatic arch (bone around the eye), hematomas in both

eyes, and a concussion.      He testified that Straka complained of seeing black spots,

having nausea, vomiting, and blurred vision, and facial and chest pain.           The doctor

further noted that Straka had lost consciousness during the assault.          Dr. El-Gazzer

diagnosed Straka with a blunt fracture of the left zygomatic arch and an acute fracture to

one of his ribs. He testified that he had different specialists consult to assess if there was

any further damage.      The doctor recommended follow-up care to Straka, including

seeing a plastic surgeon for his eye.

        {¶12} Chambers testified on his own behalf. He maintained that he was not

Straka’s boyfriend or “lover,” and had never had “sexual relations” with him.             He

admitted he was drunk the night of the incident. According to Chambers, he was trying

to sleep when Straka came in and started “groping” on him, so he punched him to get him

away.    After he punched him, Straka “bounced off the table.”        Chambers admitted to

punching Straka “once or twice,” but denied choking or kicking him.        He stated “it was

just a fight. I hit him with my hands. * * * I’ve been known to get drunk and punch

walls too when I’m drunk.”

        {¶13} On cross-examination, Chambers stated that he had been diagnosed with

depression, talked to himself, was an alcoholic, and would black out when he drank too

much.    He contended that he never told police his version of events: that he hit Straka

because Straka was groping him, because he did not want to talk about “gay stuff.”        He
admitted that when he got drunk he sometimes would get mad and lose his temper.

Chambers admitted:      “I mean, I punched him. Fighting. Yeah. I’m guilty of that. * * * I

remember punching him.”

       {¶14} The trial court found Chambers guilty of felonious assault but acquitted him

of kidnapping and sentenced him to two years in prison.

                                  II.   Law and Analysis

Assignments of Error

       [I]. The evidence was insufficient as a matter of law to prove beyond a
       reasonable doubt that Mr. Chambers was guilty of felonious assault under
       R.C. 2903.11(A)(1).

       [II.] Plain error occurred with the admission of Mr. Chamber’s [sic] prior
       bad acts testimony in violation of Article I, Section 16 of the Ohio
       Constitution and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States
       Constitution.

       [III.] Lonnie Chambers, Jr. was deprived his right to effective assistance of
       counsel guaranteed by Article I, Section 16 of the Ohio Constitution and the
       Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution by trial
       counsel’s failure to zealously present Mr. Chambers’ narrative and theory of
       the case.

       [IV.] Lonnie Chambers, Jr. was denied his right to effective assistance of
       counsel guaranteed by Article I, Section 16 of the Ohio Constitution and the
       Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution when
       his attorney failed to object to inadmissible prior acts testimony.

Sufficiency of the Evidence

       {¶15} In the first assignment of error, Chambers contends that the state presented

insufficient evidence of the element of “serious physical harm” necessary to convict him

of felonious assault.

       {¶16} In evaluating a sufficiency of the evidence argument, courts are not to assess
whether the state’s evidence is to be believed but whether, if believed, the evidence

against a defendant would support a conviction.       The relevant inquiry is whether, after

viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact

could have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt.

State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997). The weight and

credibility of the evidence are left to the trier of fact.      State v. Jackson, 8th Dist.

Cuyahoga No. 86542, 2006-Ohio-1938, ¶ 23.

        {¶17} R.C. 2903.11(A)(1) provides that “no person shall knowingly cause serious

physical harm to another or another’s unborn.”     According to Chambers, although Straka

suffered “significant injuries,” his injuries did not rise to the level of serious physical

harm.    We disagree.

        {¶18} Serious physical harm, as defined by R.C. 2901.01(A)(5), is any of the

following:

        (a) Any mental illness or condition of such gravity as would normally
        require hospitalization or prolonged psychiatric treatment;

        (b) Any physical harm that carries a substantial risk of death;

        (c) Any physical harm that involves some permanent incapacity, whether
        partial or total, or that involves some temporary, substantial incapacity;

        (d) Any physical harm that involves some permanent disfigurement or that
        involves some temporary, serious disfigurement;

        (e) Any physical harm that involves acute pain of such duration as to result

        in substantial suffering or that involves any degree of prolonged or

        intractable pain.
       {¶19} Straka testified that Chambers punched him multiple times and choked him

until he lost consciousness and blacked out. Specifically, Straka testified that Chambers

“punched me repeatedly, over and over in my face. He strangled me and broke all the

blood vessels in [my left eye].   I had bruises all over my neck.    I had a cracked rib and

three fractured ribs, which is finally healed.”

       {¶20} Dr. El-Gazzer testified that he treated Straka after he was admitted to the

hospital from the emergency room.         Straka complained of nausea, vomiting, blurred

vision, and a loss of consciousness, and suffered from a concussion, hematomas in both

eyes, a fracture in the bone under his left eye and a fracture to his rib.   His left eye was

completely swollen shut and he complained of facial and rib pain.

       {¶21} The doctor testified he had four or five different specialists consult with

Straka to rule out further injuries.   He also ordered a CAT scan and x-rays.     To control

his pain, the doctor prescribed morphine in the hospital and Tramadol and Celebrex once

Straka was released from the hospital.

       {¶22} In light of the above, we conclude that the state presented sufficient

evidence to show that Chambers caused serious physical harm to Straka.        This court has

repeatedly determined that a factfinder does not err in finding serious physical harm

where the evidence establishes the victim suffered injuries necessitating medical

treatment. State v. Andrews, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 93104, 2010-Ohio-3864, ¶ 18;

State v. Morris, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 90820, 2008-Ohio-5469, ¶ 30; State v. Scott, 8th

Dist. Cuyahoga No. 81235, 2003-Ohio-5374; State v. Davis, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.

81170, 2002-Ohio-7068.
        {¶23} Additionally, a loss of consciousness, “irrespective of its duration,” satisfies

the requirements for a temporary, substantial incapacity.         State v. Sales, 9th Dist.

Summit No. 25036, 2011-Ohio-2505, ¶ 19; see also State v. Booker, 2d Dist.

Montgomery       No.    22990,    2009-Ohio-1039,      ¶    16   (concluding    “[t]emporary

unconsciousness constitutes a temporary substantial incapacity, and therefore serious

physical harm”); State v. Swank, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 81AP-749, 1982 Ohio App.

LEXIS 12471 (Feb. 23, 1982) (concluding the state presented sufficient evidence of

serious physical harm in that the victim was knocked temporarily unconscious after being

struck and choked, her face was battered and bleeding, and her eye required six stitches);

State v. Chappell, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 79589, 2002-Ohio-676 (state presented

sufficient evidence of serious physical harm when a defendant hit the victim over the

head with a beer bottle, which caused a loss of consciousness and five stitches over the

eye).

        {¶24} Clearly, the fact that Straka suffered a broken bone under his eye, a broken

rib, blurred vision, loss of consciousness, was prescribed morphine and other painkillers,

was hospitalized overnight and saw several specialists for diagnosis and treatment

presented sufficient evidence of the element of “serious physical harm.”       Therefore, the

trial court properly overruled Chambers’s motion for judgment of acquittal.

        {¶25} The first assignment of error is overruled.

Prior Criminal Conviction

        {¶26} In the second assignment of error, Chambers argues that the trial court

committed plain error by admitting into evidence testimony with regard to his prior
attempted felonious assault conviction.     Chambers concedes that because his attorney

did not object to the admission of this evidence, he has waived all but plain error.

       {¶27} Notice of plain error under Crim.R. 52(B) is to be taken with the utmost

caution, under exceptional circumstances and only to prevent a manifest miscarriage of

justice. State v. Long, 53 Ohio St.2d 91, 372 N.E.2d 804 (1978), at paragraph three of

the syllabus.

       {¶28} During the state’s cross-examination of Chambers, the assistant prosecutor

inquired:

       State: Now, let’s talk more about your violence. Okay? Let’s talk about
       your attempted felonious assault conviction. Do you remember that?

       Chambers: Felonious assault? Yeah. That was back in '99 I think.

       State: And you went to prison, right?

       Chambers: Yeah.

       State:   And you were placed on parole afterwards, weren’t you?

       Chambers: Uh-huh.

       State:   Okay. So did you have a violent temper back then as well?

       Chambers:      No. I was mad because my girlfriend was cheating on me.

       State: Okay. So you committed another felonious assault?

       Chambers: No. She was hollering where’s her half of the wine, so I
       airmailed it to her and put some stitches in her head.

       State: So you threw the wine bottle at her?

       Chambers: Yes.

       State: Okay.
      Chambers: I did three years over it.

      State: Yeah. Did you ever throw wine or glass bottles at Mr. Straka?

      Chambers: No.

      {¶29} Chambers contends that the above-elicited testimony was inadmissible

under Evid.R. 404(B). The state argues that the testimony was admissible pursuant to

Evid.R. 404(A)(1) and 609(D).     The state further argues that Chambers “opened the

door” to the testimony.

Evid.R. 404(B)

      {¶30} Chambers argues that his prior attempted felonious assault conviction was

prohibited from coming into evidence by Evid.R. 404(B).    Generally, “evidence that an

accused committed a crime other than the one for which he is on trial is not admissible

when its sole purpose is to show the accused’s propensity or inclination to commit crime

or that he acted in conformity with bad character.” State v. Williams, 134 Ohio St.3d

521, 2012-Ohio-5695, 983 N.E.2d 1278, ¶ 15, citing State v. Curry, 43 Ohio St.2d 66, 68,

330 N.E.2d 720 (1975).

      {¶31} Evid.R. 404(B) provides:

      Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to prove the

      character of a person in order to show action in conformity therewith. It

      may, however, be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of motive,

      opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of

      mistake or accident. In criminal cases, the proponent of evidence to be
      offered under this rule shall provide reasonable notice in advance of trial, or

      during trial if the court excuses pretrial notice on good cause shown, of the

      general nature of any such evidence it intends to introduce at trial.

      {¶32} In determining whether to permit other-acts evidence to be admitted, trial

courts should conduct a three-step analysis set forth in Williams: (1) determine if the

other-acts evidence “is relevant to making any fact that is of consequence to the

determination of the action more or less probable than it would be without the evidence”

under Evid.R. 401; (2) determine if the other acts “is presented to prove the character of

the accused in order to show activity in conformity therewith or whether the other acts

evidence is presented for a legitimate purpose, such as those stated in Evid.R. 404(B)”;

and (3) consider “whether the probative value of the other acts evidence is substantially

outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice.” Id. at ¶ 20.

      {¶33} In this case, the state gave no advance notice of its intent to introduce

other-acts evidence.   And, on appeal, the state does not respond to Chambers’s argument

that Evid.R. 404(B) prohibited the testimony about his prior crime; instead the state

focuses on Evid.R. 404(A)(1) and 609 as its avenue for admissibility.

      {¶34} Notwithstanding these facts, Chambers’s prior conviction was clearly not

admissible pursuant to Williams. His 1999 conviction for attempted felonious assault

was not relevant to his current case, there was no legitimate purpose to present the

evidence other than to show that Chambers acted in conformity with his past behavior,

and the unfair prejudice to Chambers outweighed any probative value.

Evid.R. 609
       {¶35} Evid.R. 609 addresses impeachment of a witness by evidence of conviction

of a crime, stating in relevant part:

       (A)(2) * * * [E]vidence that the accused has been convicted of a crime is
       admissible if the crime was punishable by death or imprisonment in excess
       of one year pursuant to the law under which the accused was convicted and
       if the court determines that the probative value of the evidence outweighs
       the danger of unfair prejudice, of confusion of the issues, or of misleading
       the jury.

       (B) Evidence of a conviction under this rule is not admissible if a period of

       more than ten years has elapsed since the date of the conviction or of the

       release of the witness from the confinement, or the termination of

       probation, * * * or parole * * * unless the court determines, in the interests

       of justice, that the probative value of the conviction supported by specific

       facts and circumstances substantially outweighs its prejudicial effect.

       {¶36} Therefore, if a conviction such a felonious assault is more than ten years old,

Evid.R. 609(B) requires a trial court to set forth “specific facts” on the record that reflect

the facts and circumstances justifying the admission of the “stale” conviction.       State v.

Triplett, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 97522, 2012-Ohio-3804, ¶ 38, citing State v. Shepherd,

8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 81926, 2003-Ohio-3356, ¶ 23. Stale convictions, moreover,

should be admitted only in rare circumstances. Triplett citing id.

       {¶37} In this case, Chambers was convicted of attempted felonious assault in 1999.

 Although he was sentenced to three years in prison in his 1999 case and placed on parole

after he was released from prison, there was no evidence presented in the current case that

his release date from parole was less than ten years from the trial date in this case.
Therefore, the court cannot assume that his conviction falls within the ten-year time limit

established by Evid.R. 609 and, consequently, his conviction dating from 1999 was

inadmissible without a determination by the trial court that the probative value of this

evidence outweighed its prejudicial effect.     Because the trial court did not make such

specific findings before permitting the state to introduce the evidence, the court clearly

erred in allowing in this evidence.   See Triplett at ¶ 40.

Evid.R. 404(A)(1)

       {¶38} The state also contends that Chambers “opened the door” to the testing of

his credibility by taking the stand and testifying on his own behalf. Although evidence

about a person’s character is generally inadmissible, “[e]vidence of a pertinent trait of

character offered by an accused, or by the prosecution to rebut the same is admissible.”

Evid.R. 404(A)(1).    In other words, a court will not find error “when the defense opens

the door to otherwise inadmissible evidence.” State v. Davis, 195 Ohio App.3d 123,

2011-Ohio-2387, 958 N.E.2d 1260, ¶ 26 (8th Dist.).

       {¶39} Here, defense counsel did not ask any questions of Chambers, nor did

Chambers offer any information, that would have opened the door to questioning about

his prior convictions. During his direct examination, Chambers admitted to being an

alcoholic and to drinking on the day in question.             He denied having a romantic

relationship with Straka. He asserted that on the evening of the assault he was trying to

sleep when Straka started groping him and he punched Straka one or two times.

Chambers never gave evidence of a “pertinent trait of character” that the prosecutor could

attempt to rebut with questions about his prior conviction. Therefore, the testimony was
not admissible under Evid.R. 404(A)(1).

Harmless Error Analysis

       {¶40} Even though we have determined that it was error for the trial court to allow

in testimony about Chambers’s 1999 conviction, error in the admission of evidence is

harmless if there is no reasonable possibility that exclusion of the evidence would have

affected the result of the trial. State v. Boczar, 11th Dist. Ashtabula No. 2007-A-0034,

2008-Ohio-834, ¶ 50, citing State v. Webb, 70 Ohio St.3d 325, 335, 638 N.E.2d 1023

(1994).

       {¶41} In order to determine whether the admission of testimony on the prior

convictions is prejudicial, an appellate court must review that evidence in light of the

totality of other evidence properly introduced by the prosecution at trial. Id.        The

admission of the testimony regarding past convictions will be deemed harmless error if

there is overwhelming evidence of guilt.       Id.; see also State v. Walker, 8th Dist.

Cuyahoga No. 94875, 2011-Ohio-1556, ¶ 38.       A review of the entire record in this case

demonstrates that the error was harmless.

       {¶42} Chambers argues that the trial court improperly relied on his past conviction

in finding him guilty of the felonious assault against Straka. To support this contention,

Chambers cites to the following statement the trial court made in reading its verdict:

“[Chambers] testified [about] a prior relationship when he found out that his girlfriend

cheated on him, he airmailed a wine bottle to her, and that was the earlier incident in his

lifetime. So apparently we have an issue of a little bit of intoxication and issues coming

up during that.”
       {¶43} Although we are concerned that the trial court mentioned Chambers’s 1999

conviction during the verdict, it could hardly have considered that Chambers was likely to

have committed the instant offense based upon that conviction. More importantly, there

was overwhelming evidence of Chambers’s guilt, including his own admission that he

was   the     one   who    punched    Straka.      Specifically,   Chambers   testified   on

cross-examination:     “I never denied blacking his eye.   I wasn’t trying to break anything

or anything like that. * * * I didn’t do it on purpose. No, I didn’t deny I hit him. * * *

I didn’t mean to break anything * * * that wasn’t on purpose.”

       {¶44} In sum, although the trial court erred in allowing in evidence of Chambers’s

prior conviction, it was not reversible error given the overwhelming evidence of

Chambers’s guilt.

       {¶45} The second assignment of error is overruled.

Effective Assistance of Counsel

       {¶46} In the third and fourth assignments of error, Chambers argues that he was

afforded ineffective assistance of counsel at trial.

       {¶47} We review a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel under the two-part

test set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674

(1984).     In order to prevail on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, an appellant

must demonstrate that his counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of

reasonable representation; and if so, show there was a reasonable probability that his

counsel’s errors affected the outcome of the proceedings. Id.

       {¶48} Chambers complains that trial counsel did not zealously represent him by
failing to cross-examine the police officers in the case with regard to whether they came

upon Chambers asleep in his bed, as he claimed, or came upon him awake.                  This

omission, according to Chambers, was central to his theory of the case and a material fact

because it supports his argument that he assaulted Straka after Straka groped him.

Chambers also complains that the trial court, in rendering its verdict, found that his

testimony was not credible because his attorney did not thoroughly cross-examine the

state’s witnesses.     Finally, Chambers argues that his attorney did not effectively

represent him because counsel failed to object to testimony about his prior attempted

felonious assault conviction.

       {¶49} A review of the trial transcripts shows that Chambers received effective

assistance of counsel.     It is apparent from defense counsel’s opening argument that

Chambers’s did not deny punching Straka; the theory of the case was that he was

provoked by Straka’s romantic advances and Straka’s injuries did not rise to the level of

serious physical harm.     Thus, whether Chambers was asleep when the police arrived was

not necessarily central to his theory of the case.   In so far as Chambers complains about

defense counsel’s chosen method of cross-examination, we will not second-guess

counsel’s trial tactics.

       {¶50} Finally, as we have found no reversible error in the admission of evidence

of Chambers’s prior conviction, we do not find Chambers was denied the effective

assistance of trial counsel for counsel’s failure to object to the admission of said evidence.

       {¶51} Therefore, Chambers is unable to show that his trial counsel’s representation

fell below an acceptable standard of reasonable representation or that counsel’s errors
affected the outcome of the trial.

       {¶52} The third and fourth assignments of error are overruled.

       {¶53} Accordingly, judgment is affirmed.

       It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.

       The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common

pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s conviction having

been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated. Case remanded to the trial court

for execution of sentence.

       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of

the Rules of Appellate Procedure.




LARRY A. JONES, SR., PRESIDING JUDGE

EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J., and
MELODY J. STEWART, J., CONCUR
