                                COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


Present: Judges Elder, Beales and Senior Judge Willis


ERIC CHRISTOPHER LOGAN

v.      Record Nos. 0341-06-1 and                                  MEMORANDUM OPINION*
                    0363-06-1                                          PER CURIAM
                                                                     DECEMBER 5, 2006
CITY OF HAMPTON DEPARTMENT
 OF SOCIAL SERVICES


                    FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF HAMPTON
                                 Wilford Taylor, Jr., Judge

                  (J. Robert Harris, III, on brief), for appellant. Appellant submitting
                  on brief.

                  (Rachel Allen, Assistant City Attorney, on brief), for appellee.
                  Appellee submitting on brief.

                  (Robert G. Saunders, Guardian ad litem; The Law Firm of Thomas
                  L. Hunter, P.C., on brief), for the infant child. Guardian ad litem
                  submitting on brief.


        In a proceeding involving Eric C. Logan’s (“father”) minor child, T., father argues that

the trial court erred by changing the goal from return home to adoption. He also maintains the

trial court erred by terminating his parental rights. We disagree, and affirm the decision of the

trial court.

                                               Background

        On appeal, we view the evidence in the “‘light most favorable’ to the prevailing party in

the circuit court and grant to that party the benefit of ‘all reasonable inferences fairly deducible

therefrom.’” Toms v. Hanover Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 257, 262, 616 S.E.2d 765, 767



        *
            Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
(2005) (quoting Logan v. Fairfax County Dep’t of Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409

S.E.2d 460, 463 (1991)).

       T., along with her two older half-brothers, was removed from her residence on March 16,

2004, when she was five months old. On March 11, 2004, T.’s mother had been arrested on

multiple outstanding felony warrants. The following day, father was arrested and charged with

six counts of felony child abuse of T.’s older half-brothers. The boys came under the care of the

Hampton Department of Social Services (“DSS”), and had severe belt marks, areas of scabbing,

and broken skin on their face, arms, and back.

       Despite the arrests of T.’s parents, the initial goal established by DSS was to return T. to

her parents or to place her with her maternal grandmother. DSS established several goals in the

initial foster care service plan for father to accomplish T.’s return home. Father was required to

“complete a parenting capacity evaluation . . . and a substance abuse evaluation . . . and comply

with all recommendations . . . .” He was also required to “follow through with recommendations

of the Department,” and “demonstrate [his] commitment to work with the Department towards

the goal of reunification.” Furthermore, he was to visit T. at least once a month.

       From the time T. was removed on March 16, 2004, until the goal was changed to

adoption on October 18, 2005, father was incarcerated on three separate occasions. The first

incarceration lasted for one week in March 2004; the second incarceration was from February to

April 2005; and three days after his release in April, father was incarcerated again in connection

with the attempted rape, abduction, and malicious wounding of T.’s mother on April 24, 2005.

Father was sentenced to six years for these offenses, with five years suspended, and was

incarcerated at the time of the hearing in circuit court on the petition to change the goal to

adoption and to terminate father’s parental rights.




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       The circuit court hearing was held on January 4, 2006. In support of its petition to

change the goal to adoption and to terminate father’s parental rights, DSS relied on father’s

failure to accomplish several goals. Specifically, father failed to undergo psychiatric therapy for

possible bipolar disorder, as recommended by his parenting capacity evaluation, and did not

complete a substance abuse evaluation. Without explanation, he also stopped visiting T. in

December 2004. DSS cited father’s inability to meet T.’s needs as the result of his frequent

incarcerations, as well as his failure to demonstrate a commitment to reunify with T., as

evidenced by his assaulting and abducting T.’s mother.

       T., born September 25, 2003, and her half-brothers have resided with the same foster

parents from the time of their removal through the termination hearing. Brenda Dixon, their

foster mother, testified T. and her siblings are doing well under her care. Social worker Shelley

Matthews stated she had observed the children in the foster home on a monthly basis, and they

had “very much” bonded with their foster parents. At the time of the termination hearing, T. was

two years old.

       Following the hearing, the circuit court granted the petition to change the goal to

adoption pursuant to Code § 16.1-282, as well as the petition to terminate father’s parental rights

pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C)(2). This appeal followed.

                                             Analysis

       Father argues the trial court erred by changing the goal from return to home to adoption,

and in terminating his parental rights. Because we affirm the trial court’s decision to terminate

father’s parental rights, we also affirm its decision approving the change in goal to adoption.1


       1
          “Our decision to affirm the termination order necessarily subsumes this aspect of [his]
appeal because a preponderance-of-the-evidence standard governs judicial modifications of
foster care plans.” Toms, 46 Va. App. at 265 n.3, 616 S.E.2d at 769 n.3 (citing Richmond Dep’t
of Soc. Servs. v. Carter, 28 Va. App. 494, 497, 507 S.E.2d 87, 88 (1998); Padilla v. Norfolk Div.
of Soc. Servs., 22 Va. App. 643, 645, 472 S.E.2d 648, 649 (1996)).
                                                -3-
       When reviewing a decision to terminate parental rights, we presume the circuit court

“‘thoroughly weighed all the evidence, considered the statutory requirements, and made its

determination based on the child’s best interests.’” Toms, 46 Va. App. at 265-66, 616 S.E.2d at

769 (quoting Fields v. Dinwiddie County Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 1, 7, 614 S.E.2d 656,

659 (2005)). “The trial court’s judgment, ‘when based on evidence heard ore tenus, will not be

disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.’” Id. at 266, 616

S.E.2d at 769 (quoting Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d at 463 (citation omitted)). “In its

capacity as factfinder, therefore, the circuit court retains ‘broad discretion in making the

decisions necessary to guard and to foster a child’s best interests.’” Id. (quoting Farley v. Farley,

9 Va. App. 326, 328, 387 S.E.2d 794, 795 (1990)).

       The trial court terminated father’s parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)(2). Code

§ 16.1-283(C)(2) requires clear and convincing evidence that termination is in the best interests

of the child and that

               the parent . . . without good cause, ha[s] been unwilling or unable
               within a reasonable period of time not to exceed twelve months
               from the date the child was placed in foster care to remedy
               substantially the conditions which led to or required continuation
               of the child’s foster care placement, notwithstanding the
               reasonable and appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health
               or other rehabilitative agencies to such end.

       Father argues the trial court’s decision to terminate his parental rights was erroneously

based solely upon his incarceration. He notes that he had not abused T., he was “opposed” to the

termination of his parental rights, and he “wished for his relatives to be considered as a possible

placement.”2



       2
         To the extent father argues that termination was inappropriate because DSS failed to
investigate placement with his relatives, we note that he lodged no objection to the circuit’s
ruling on this basis and, therefore, we decline to address this issue for the first time on appeal.
See Rule 5A:18.
                                                 -4-
        While father’s incarceration, standing alone, is not sufficient to support the trial court’s

termination of his parental rights, “it is a valid and proper circumstance which, when combined

with other evidence concerning the parent/child relationship, can support [the] court’s finding

that the best interests of the child will be served by termination.” Ferguson v. Stafford County

Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 14 Va. App. 333, 340, 417 S.E.2d 1, 5 (1992). By the same token, Code

§ 16.1-283(C)(2) contains no excuse for a parent’s failure to remedy the conditions leading to

foster care because he has been incarcerated for over twelve months subsequent to the child’s

placement in foster care.

        The evidence showed not only that father had been repeatedly incarcerated during T.’s

placement in foster care, but that he had physically abused T.’s older half-brothers and assaulted

and abducted her mother. Futhermore, father failed to undergo psychiatric counseling and to

complete a substance abuse evaluation, as required by DSS to facilitate T.’s return to him. By

his actions and inactions, father failed to meet the requirements established in the foster care plan

for T.’s return.

        “When addressing matters concerning a child . . . the paramount consideration of a trial

court is the child’s best interests.” Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d at 463. “It is clearly

not in the best interests of a child to spend a lengthy period of time waiting to find out when, or

even if, a parent will be capable of resuming his responsibilities.” Kaywood v. Halifax County

Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 10 Va. App. 535, 540, 394 S.E.2d 492, 495 (1990). Even prior to his

incarceration, father failed to maintain visitation with T. and to complete the substance abuse

evaluation required by DSS. Furthermore, father failed to undergo psychiatric counseling for

bipolar disorder as recommended by his parenting capacity evaluation. Upon release from

incarceration in April 2005, father demonstrated his lack of commitment to T.’s return by

assaulting and abducting T.’s mother. Notably, father had been incarcerated on three separate

                                                 -5-
occasions between March 2004 and the time of the termination hearing. “‘[P]ast actions and

relationships over a meaningful period serve as good indicators of what the future may be

expected to hold.’” Linkous v. Kingery, 10 Va. App. 45, 56, 390 S.E.2d 188, 194 (1990)

(quoting Frye v. Spotte, 4 Va. App. 530, 536, 359 S.E.2d 315, 319 (1987)).

        DSS proved by clear and convincing evidence that father, “without good cause, [was]

unwilling or unable within a reasonable period of time not to exceed twelve months . . . to

remedy substantially the conditions which led to or required continuation of” T.’s placement in

foster care. Furthermore, because T. had a strong bond with her foster parents and had limited

contact with father since infancy, the trial court did not err in finding that termination was in her

best interests.

        Based upon the foregoing, the evidence was sufficient to support the trial court’s

termination of father’s parental rights and its decision to change the goal in the permanent foster

care service plan to adoption.

                                                                                      Affirmed.




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