                              NOT FOR PUBLICATION                        FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                         JUL 17 2020
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

JUNIOR EXAVEAU,                                 No.    17-72470

                Petitioner,                     Agency No. A209-869-312

 v.
                                                MEMORANDUM*
WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General,

                Respondent.

                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                               Submitted July 16, 2020**

Before:      GRABER, TALLMAN, and CLIFTON, Circuit Judges.

      Junior Exaveau, a native and citizen of Haiti, petitions for review of the

Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) order dismissing his appeal from an

immigration judge’s (“IJ”) decision denying his applications for asylum,

withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture

(“CAT”). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We grant in part, deny in


      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
part, dismiss in part, and remand for further proceedings.

      Our review is limited to those grounds the BIA relied on in rendering its

decision. Santiago–Rodriguez v. Holder, 657 F.3d 820, 829 (9th Cir. 2011); cf.

Arrey v. Barr, 916 F.3d 1149, 1157 (9th Cir. 2019) (explaining that we “cannot

affirm the BIA on a ground upon which it did not rely” (internal quotation marks

omitted)). Our review is limited to the BIA’s decision except to the extent that it

adopted the IJ's decision. Kalubi v. Ashcroft, 364 F.3d 1134, 1137 n.3 (9th Cir.

2004). We must uphold the agency’s factual findings “‘if supported by reasonable,

substantial, and probative evidence on the record considered as a whole,’ and we

will reverse only if a reasonable fact-finder would have been compelled to reach a

different conclusion.” Maharaj v. Gonzales, 450 F.3d 961, 967 (9th Cir. 2006) (en

banc) (quoting INS v. Elias–Zacarias, 502 U.S. 478, 481 (1992)).

      Exaveau challenges the finding that he firmly resettled in Brazil before

entering the United States and the BIA’s denial of his asylum claim based on this

threshold determination. See 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(2)(A)(vi) (codifying mandatory

firm-resettlement bar). We agree with Exaveau that substantial evidence does not

support the finding of firm resettlement. Only an offer of permanent, not

temporary, residence supports a finding of firm resettlement. Ali v. Ashcroft, 394

F.3d 780, 789–90 (9th Cir. 2005). Exaveau repeatedly testified and claimed in his

asylum application that he obtained temporary residence in Brazil lasting ten years.


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We therefore grant Exaveau’s petition insofar as it challenges the BIA’s finding of

firm resettlement. We remand for the BIA to consider the merits of Exaveau’s

asylum claim.

      Exaveau also challenges the finding that the Haitian government is willing

and able to control the alleged agent of Exaveau’s persecution—a gang—and the

BIA’s denial of his withholding-of-removal claim based on that finding. See

Afriyie v. Holder, 613 F.3d 924, 931 (9th Cir. 2010) (applying three-part test for

withholding-of-removal and asylum claims, which requires establishing

(1) persecution, (2) based on a statutorily protected ground, (3) committed by the

government or forces the government is unwilling or unable to control), overruled

in part on other grounds by Bringas–Rodriguez v. Sessions, 850 F.3d 1051 (9th

Cir. 2017). Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s finding: The Haitian police

appear to have arrested seven members of the gang that allegedly attacked

Exaveau, intervened after the gang harassed Exaveau at work, and provided

Exaveau with a copy of a police report and told him to come back to the station for

follow-up. None of the evidence Exaveau relies on—including that the gang

harassed him and may have killed his brother even after the police investigated the

attack on Exaveau—taken in the broader context of the police response compels a

reasonable factfinder to reach a different conclusion. We therefore deny Exaveau’s

petition to the extent it seeks review of the BIA’s denial of withholding of removal.


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      We do not review Exaveau’s CAT claim, because he did not appeal the IJ’s

denial of it to either the BIA or to us. See Abebe v. Mukasey, 554 F.3d 1203, 1208

(9th Cir. 2009). And we dismiss Exaveau’s due process claim because he also

failed to exhaust administrative remedies by neglecting to raise it with the BIA,

thereby again depriving us of jurisdiction to consider it. See Agyeman v. INS, 296

F.3d 871, 877 (9th Cir. 2002) (“[W]e may not entertain due process claims based

on correctable procedural errors unless the alien raised them below.”).

   GRANTED in part, DENIED in part, DISMISSED in part, and
REMANDED.




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