[Cite as State v. Cassano, 2013-Ohio-1783.]


                                       COURT OF APPEALS
                                    RICHLAND COUNTY, OHIO
                                   FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT


STATE OF OHIO                                 :   JUDGES:
                                              :
                                              :   Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J.
       Plaintiff-Appellee                     :   Hon. John W. Wise, J.
                                              :   Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
-vs-                                          :
                                              :
AUGUST CASSANO                                :   Case No. 12CA55
                                              :
                                              :
       Defendant-Appellant                    :   OPINION


CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                          Appeal from the Richland County Court
                                                  of Common Pleas, Case No. 1998-CR-
                                                  0171



JUDGMENT:                                         Affirmed




DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                           April 11, 2013




APPEARANCES:

For Appellant:                                    For Appellee:
MICHAEL J. BENZA                                  JILL M. COCHRAN
17850 Geauga Lake Road                            Assistant Richland County Prosecutor
Chagrin Falls, OH 44023                           38 South Park Street
                                                  Mansfield, OH 44902
Baldwin, J.

      {¶1} Appellant August Cassano appeals a judgment of the Richland County

Common Pleas Court dismissing his petition for postconviction relief. Appellee is the

State of Ohio.

                             STATEMENT OF FACTS AND CASE

      {¶2} On May 25, 1976, appellant was convicted of aggravated murder in

Summit County. On January 31, 1992, appellant stabbed another inmate thirty-two

times with a shank that appellant tied to his hand with a shoestring. The victim, Troy

Angelo, escaped when a corrections officer opened the locked cell door. As appellant

was led away, he looked at Angelo and said, “I hope you die.”             Appellant was

convicted of felonious assault for the stabbing of Angelo.

      {¶3} Appellant’s cellmate in 1996 was Gerald Duggan. Appellant threatened

to kill Duggan if Duggan ever snitched on him. Appellant told Duggan that he didn’t

fight anymore, he stabbed.

      {¶4} In 1997, appellant was serving his sentence in the Mansfield Correctional

Institution (MANCI). On October 17, 1997, appellant sent a written message to the

unit manager asking for Alfred Gibson to be his cellmate. That same day, Walter

Hardy was moved into appellant’s cell. Hardy had been in segregation for two days

under suspicion of possessing a shank, but he had been exonerated.

      {¶5} Appellant told Ollie King, a counselor at MANCI, that he “didn’t want that

snitching ass faggot in his cell and that we better check [appellant’s] record.”

Appellant was very upset at having Hardy in his cell and told authorities, “You just

can’t put any type of motherfucker in my cell” and to check his record.
      {¶6} After Hardy moved into appellant’s cell, appellant’s friend Michael Cruz

commented that appellant had a new roommate. Appellant replied, “Not for long.” On

October 18, 1997, appellant told an inmate that Hardy was driving him nuts and if he

wasn’t moved out of the cell, appellant would remove Hardy himself.

      {¶7} At 2:35 a.m. on October 21, 1997, Donald Oats, a MANCI corrections

officer, heard a commotion and hurried to appellant’s cell.      He saw two inmates

fighting and signaled a “man down” alarm. Oats heard Hardy yelling that appellant

had a knife and was trying to kill him.     Oats saw appellant standing over Hardy,

stabbing him with a shank. Although Oats ordered him to stop, appellant continued to

stab Hardy.   Two officers responded to the man down alarm, and saw appellant

stabbing Hardy with the shank.

      {¶8} Oats opened the door and ordered appellant to the back of the cell.

Appellant obeyed the order. Appellant continued to hold the shank, which was tied to

his right hand with a laundry bag string. Appellant wore a glove on his right hand.

      {¶9} Hardy was taken to the hospital where he was pronounced dead at 3:37

a.m. Dr. Keith Norton, a pathologist, concluded that Hardy bled to death and that

collapsed lungs contributed to his death. Dr. Norton found seventy-five knife wounds,

including one that pierced his heart.

      {¶10} In the spring of 1998, appellant told a fellow inmate that he acted in self-

defense and blacked out after stabbing Hardy eight times. Appellant stated that Hardy

was smoking crack and jumping up and down on the bunk and appellant “just went off

on him.” Appellant asked Duggan to testify that he saw Hardy with the shank used to
kill him so appellant could plead self-defense, but Duggan had never seen Hardy with

a shank.

       {¶11} Appellant was indicted with aggravated murder with prior calculation and

design with two death penalty specifications. The case proceeded to jury trial in the

Richland County Common Pleas Court.

       {¶12} At trial, appellant testified that at 2:30 a.m. on October 21, 1997, Hardy

showed appellant a knife. Appellant testified that he snatched it out of Hardy’s hand

and said it was going out the window. Appellant claimed that Hardy grabbed him by

the left shoulder, hit him in the face and kneed him in the groin. Appellant testified

that Hardy then retrieved the knife. Appellant reclaimed the knife from Hardy, stabbed

him once, and told him to settle down. However, according to appellant, Hardy kept

coming at him so he stabbed him four times. He testified that Hardy tried to hit him

with a chair, and then he “totally lost it.” He denied that the knife had been tied to his

wrist, that he had worn a glove on his right hand, or that he had planned to kill Hardy.

He denied that he continued to stab Hardy when the corrections officers arrived at the

cell and denied making the statements other inmates and staff had attributed to him

related to Hardy. During cross-examination, appellant stated that while in prison he

had been in over one hundred fights and stabbed four people.           He also admitted

writing to a family member that he would “never have to worry about having a cellmate

ever again.”

       {¶13} Appellant was convicted as charged and the jury recommended the

death penalty. The trial court sentenced appellant to death and the Ohio Supreme
Court affirmed the conviction and sentence on direct appeal. State v. Cassano, 96

Ohio St. 3d 94, 2002-Ohio-3751, 772 N.E.2d 81.

       {¶14} On December 9, 1999, appellant filed a pro se motion to waive all

postconviction relief. The trial court granted the motion without a hearing. On January

17, 2001, February 26, 2004 and February 28, 2007, appellant filed motions to

reinstate postconviction relief.       The court denied his motions to reinstate

postconviction relief. This Court reversed, finding that the court erred in failing to

conduct a Berry hearing before granting appellant’s motion to waive postconviction

relief in 1999. State v. Cassano, 5th Dist. No. 07CA27, 2008-Ohio-1045.

       {¶15} On remand, the trial court allowed appellant to file a petition for

postconviction relief. Appellant filed a petition on May 3, 2011. Judge Patrick Kelly

was assigned by the Ohio Supreme Court to hear the case on November 3, 2011. On

June 18, 2012, the court dismissed appellant’s petition, finding all arguments either

barred by res judicata or insufficient to raise a cognizable claim of constitutional error.

       {¶16} Appellant assigns the following errors on appeal to this Court:

       {¶17} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY DISMISSING APPELLANT’S POST-

CONVICTION PEITION, WHERE HE PRESENTED SUFFICIENT OPERATIVE

FACTS AND SUPPORTING EXHIBITS TO MERIT AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING AND

DISCOVERY.”

       {¶18} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN NOT PROVIDING RESOURCES TO

CASSANO       TO    DETERMINING         CASSANO’S       COMPETENCY,         FAILING     TO

EVALUATION [SIC] CASSANO’S COMPETENCY, AND TO RENDER AN OPINION

AS TO CASSANO’S COMPETENCY TO PROCEED IN POST-CONVICTION.”
      {¶19} “III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DIMISSING CASSANO’S CLIAM

THAT JUDGE HENSON DEPRIVED CASSANO OF HIS RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL

DUE TO HIS BIAS AND PREJUDICE.”

      {¶20} “IV. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING RELIEF ON THE BASIS

OF INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL.”

      {¶21} “V. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING RELIEF ON THE BASIS

OF PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT.”

      {¶22} “VI. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING RELIEF ON THE BASIS

OF JUROR MISCONDUCT.”

      {¶23} “VII. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING RELIEF, OR EVEN

REVIEWING THE MERITS OF, CASSANO’S CHALLENGE TO THE ONGOING

EIGHTH AMENDMENT VIABILITY OF OHIO’S DEATH PENALTY SCHEME.”

      {¶24} “VIII. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING RELIEF ON THE

DENIAL OF CASSANO’S RIGHT OF SELF-REPRESENATION.”

                   POSTCONVICTION RELIEF STANDARD OF REVIEW

      {¶25} A postconviction petition is a special statutory proceeding governed by

R.C. 2953.21. This statute provides in section (A)(1) that “[a]ny person who has been

convicted of a criminal offense or adjudicated a delinquent child and who claims that

there was such a denial or infringement of the person's rights as to render the

judgment void or voidable under the Ohio Constitution or the Constitution of the United

States may file a petition * * *.” See, also, State v. Perry (1967), 10 Ohio St.2d 175,

226 N.E.2d 104, paragraph four of the syllabus.
       {¶26} Pursuant to R.C. 2953.21(C), before granting a hearing, the trial court

shall determine whether there are substantive grounds for relief. The petitioner bears

the burden of specifically demonstrating prejudice before a hearing is warranted. E.g.

State v. Jackson (1980), 64 Ohio St.2d 107, 413 N.E.2d 819.

       {¶27} R.C. 2953.21(C) expressly provides that the initial determination of

whether a postconviction petition states substantive grounds for relief is to be made

based upon the petition and any supporting affidavits, together with the case files and

records. Therefore, a petitioner for postconviction relief is not entitled to discovery

during the initial stages of postconviction proceedings. E.g., State v. Gillard, 5th Dist.

Nos. 1997CA00318, 1997CA00410, 1998 WL 351442 (June 22, 1998).

       {¶28} The Ohio Supreme Court explained in State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 175,

226 N.E.2d 104 (1967), that constitutional issues cannot be considered in

postconviction proceedings where they have already been or could have been fully

litigated by the prisoner while represented before his or her judgment of conviction or

on direct appeal from that judgment. Id. at paragraph seven of the syllabus. Therefore,

under the doctrine of res judicata, a final judgment of conviction bars a convicted

defendant who was represented by counsel from raising and litigating in any

proceeding except an appeal from that judgment, any defense or any claimed lack of

due process that was raised or could have been raised by the defendant at the trial,

which resulted in that judgment of conviction, or on an appeal from that judgment. Id.

at paragraph nine of the syllabus.

       {¶29} Thus, a trial court may apply res judicata if the petition for postconviction

relief does not include any materials outside of the original record to support the claim
for relief. Id.; State v. Cole, 2 Ohio St.3d 112, 114, 443 N.E.2d 169 (1982). In order to

overcome the res judicata bar, the evidence must show that the petitioner could not

have appealed the constitutional claim based on the information in the original trial

record. Id. at syllabus.


         {¶30} It is pursuant to this standard that we review appellant’s assignments of

error.

                                               I.

         {¶31} Appellant argues that the postconviction procedure set forth in R.C.

2953.21 is a “meaningless ritual” and therefore unconstitutional. He argues that he

was improperly denied discovery and the appointment of experts to help him

investigate his claims. He also argues that several of his claims were supported by

evidence outside the record and the trial court erred in dismissing these claims as res

judicata.

         {¶32} Several appellate courts have rejected the argument that the procedure

set forth for postconviction relief is constitutionally infirm simply because the statute

places a heavy burden on the defendant to show entitlement to relief and petitions are

often dismissed on the grounds of res judicata. See State v. LaMar, 4th Dist. No. 98

CA 23, 2000 WL 297413 (March 17, 2000); State v. Murphy, 10th Dist. No. 00AP-233,

2000 WL 1877526 (December 26, 2000). Further, there is no constitutional right to

postconviction state collateral review, even in death penalty cases. State v. Steffen,

70 Ohio St. 3d 399, 410, 639 N.E.2d 67, 76 (1994), citing Murray v. Giarratano, 492

U.S. 1, 109 S.Ct. 2765, 106 L.Ed.2d 1 (1989); Pennsylvania v. Finley, 481 U.S. 551,

107 S.Ct. 1990, 95 L.Ed.2d 539 (1987). Based on this authority, we reject appellant’s
claim that the postconviction procedure set forth in R.C. 2953.21 is constitutionally

infirm.

          {¶33} We next turn to appellant’s claim that he was improperly denied the right

to discovery and the appointment of investigators and other experts to aid in preparing

his petition. This Court has previously held:

          {¶34} “A petition for post-conviction relief is a civil proceeding. State v.

Milanovich (1975), 42 Ohio St.2d 46, 325 N.E.2d 540. As the Supreme Court of Ohio

stated in State ex rel. Love v. Cuyahoga County Prosecutor's Office, 87 Ohio St.3d

158, 159, 718 N.E.2d 426, 1999–Ohio314, ‘there is no requirement of civil discovery in

postconviction proceedings.’ This court has issued numerous opinions consistent with

this holding. State v. Sherman (October 30, 2000), Licking App. No. 00CA39; State v.

Elmore, Licking App. No.2005–CA–32, 2005–Ohio–5940; State v. Muff, Perry App.

No. 06–CA–13, 2006–Ohio–6215; State v. Lang, Stark App. No.2009 CA 00187,

2010–Ohio–3975 (‘the procedure to be followed in ruling on such a petition is

established by R.C. 2953.21, and the power to conduct and compel discovery under

the Civil Rules is not included within the trial court's statutorily defined authority’ and

‘R.C. 2953.21 itself does not specifically provide for a right to funding or the

appointment of an expert witness in post-conviction petition proceedings’).” State v.

Mammone, 5th Dist. No. 2012CA00012, 2012-Ohio-3546, ¶50.1

          {¶35} We therefore reject appellant’s claim that he was entitled to discovery

and the appointment of experts to prepare his petition.




1
 Mammone, like the instant case, was an appeal from a postconviction proceeding in a case in which the
death penalty had been imposed.
      {¶36} We will address appellant’s argument that the trial court erred in

dismissing several of his claims without a hearing because they were supported by

evidence outside the record when we reach these specific issues in subsequent

assignments of error.

      {¶37} The first assignment of error is overruled.

                                             II.

      {¶38} In his second assignment of error, appellant argues that the court erred

in failing to determine whether he was competent to proceed in postconviction review.

      {¶39} In State v. Berry, 80 Ohio St. 3d 371, 696 N.E.2d 1097(1997), the Ohio

Supreme Court held that a competency determination must be made before a capital

defendant may waive his rights to seek postconviction review of his conviction and

sentence. However, Ohio Courts of Appeals have held that Berry does not require a

determination as to whether a capital defendant who chooses to seek postconviction

review is competent to proceed. For example, the Seventh District held in State v.

Eley, 7th Dist. No. 99 CA 109, 2001-Ohio-3447:

      {¶40} “In a post-conviction relief proceeding, the petitioner's life is at stake.

Thus, it is tempting for this court to grant Eley the requested competency hearing

considering the nature of this case. However, we must exercise judicial restraint and

acknowledge that a petitioner receives no more rights than those granted by the

statute. State v. Calhoun, (1999), 86 Ohio St.3d 279.

      {¶41} “Consequently, we cannot find that a post-conviction proceeding should

be treated as a quasi-criminal proceeding where the petitioner must be competent to

participate. Inasmuch as the post-conviction statute does not provide for a
competency hearing at this stage, and guided by Berry, we conclude the trial court did

not abuse its discretion by refusing a competency hearing. We specifically hold a

capital defendant is neither statutorily nor constitutionally entitled to a competency

hearing as a part of his or her post-conviction proceedings.” Id. Accord, State v.

Moreland, 2nd Dist. No. 20331, 2004-Ohio-5778.

       {¶42} We agree with the conclusion reached by the Seventh and Second

Districts.   Appellant has no constitutional right to postconviction proceedings and

therefore receives no more rights than those granted by statute.          Because the

postconviction statute does not provide for a competency hearing at this stage, we

conclude the court did not err in refusing appellant a competency evaluation and

hearing.

       {¶43} The second assignment of error is overruled.

                                              III.

       {¶44} In his third assignment of error, appellant argues that the court erred in

dismissing his petition for postconviction relief on the grounds that the judge was not

biased and impartial.

       {¶45} Bias on the part of a judge will not be presumed. In re Disqualification of

Olivito, 74 Ohio St.3d 1261,1263, 657 N.E.2d 1361. In fact, the law presumes that a

judge is unbiased and unprejudiced in the matters over which he presides. Id. The

appearance of bias or prejudice must be compelling to overcome these presumptions.

Id.

       {¶46} Judge James Henson, the judge who presided over appellant’s trial and

sentenced appellant to death on the jury’s recommendation, is on the Citizen’s
Advisory Counsel at MANCI.       Appellant argues that comments made by the judge

during the trial concerning his contact with MANCI coupled with minutes of the

Advisory Counsel’s meetings demonstrate that the judge had ex parte contact which

gave him an appearance of being biased and might have exposed him to information

about the case which appellant did not have the opportunity to contest or rebut.

      {¶47} The minutes of the committee meetings reflect comments by Judge

Henson about the trial on two separate occasions. In one meeting, which occurred

during the trial while the State was presenting its case in chief, Judge Henson thanked

the staff of MANCI for their assistance with the trial, and commended staff that had to

testify and be present in the courtroom for a job well done. He expressed gratification

for how smoothly the trial was conducted.       In a second meeting, Judge Henson

mentioned that the trial would continue another week or so, that appellant cried during

the film showing the murder scene, and there was good security surrounding the trial.

      {¶48} During trial, the judge commented to counsel when discussing security

issues, specifically the shackling of appellant during trial, that he had talked to a

former employee at MANCI who told the judge there was a rumor that the Aryan

Brotherhood intended to show up at the trial in support of appellant. Tr. 26.      When

the prosecutor indicated at a conference with the court and defense counsel that the

warden at MANCI could not produce a roster of inmates until a later date, the court

indicated that he would call to see if the roster could be produced earlier, and further

indicated to defense counsel that he would check to see if counsel could get more

time at the prison to confer with appellant. Tr. 468. During a discussion with counsel

about locking down MANCI for the jury view, the court commented that he goes out
there all the time and they don’t lock it down for him.      Tr. 757.   The judge later

commented, again to counsel, that he knows how many inmates are at MANCI

because he goes out there all the time. Tr. 1038. Prior to the sentencing phase,

defense counsel asked if they could get someone from MANCI to talk about

classification and sentencing and the court indicated to counsel that he would call and

check on this for defense counsel. Tr. 2803.

       {¶49} While perhaps the court showed poor judgment in commenting on the

conduct of the trial at committee meetings while the trial was still going on, nothing in

the comments made at the meetings or in the comments made from the bench

concerning the judge’s contact with MANCI demonstrates that the judge was biased or

partial. There is no evidence that the judge had any ex parte information directly

bearing on the issue of guilt or sentencing. From the evidence submitted of minutes of

the committee meetings and from the citations to the transcript, the judge’s contact

with MANCI related to security issues surrounding the trial and to aiding counsel for

both parties in dealing with the prison.

       {¶50} Appellant points to nothing in the record that demonstrates bias on the

part of the trial judge or possession of ex parte information related to issues of guilt

and sentence which affected his right to a fair trial. Appellant generally argues that

the judge ultimately imposed the death sentence on him and was perhaps influenced

in doing so by his relationship with MANCI. However, the jury initially recommended

the death sentence and the Ohio Supreme Court conducted an independent review of

the sentence and found the sentence to be appropriate. The Supreme Court noted

that appellant’s history and background provided little mitigation, and appellant made
a choice early in life to live outside the law. Cassano, 96 Ohio St. 3d 94 at ¶127. The

court found that appellant made “deliberate choices in his life and must bear the

consequences of those choices,” and appellant “by his acts has demonstrated that he

is a menace to the life, health, and safety of others, even when he is in prison.” Id. at

¶128-129.

       {¶51} The trial court did not err in finding that appellant had not demonstrated

bias or prejudice against appellant or favoritism toward appellee.            The third

assignment of error is overruled.

                                               IV.

       {¶52} In his fourth assignment of error, appellant argues that the court erred in

dismissing his petition on the basis of ineffective assistance of counsel. Specifically,

he argues that counsel was ineffective for failing to seek disqualification of Judge

Henson, failing to object to incidents of prosecutorial misconduct and jury misconduct,

and failing to present more extensive evidence of appellant’s mental illness in

mitigation.

       {¶53} A properly licensed attorney is presumed competent. State v. Hamblin,

37 Ohio St.3d 153, 524 N.E.2d 476 (1988). Therefore, in order to prevail on a claim of

ineffective assistance of counsel, appellant must show counsel's performance fell

below an objective standard of reasonable representation and but for counsel’s error,

the result of the proceedings would have been different.      Strickland v. Washington,

466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674(1984); State v. Bradley , 42 Ohio St.3d

136, 538 N.E.2d 373 (1989).         In other words, appellant must show that counsel’s

conduct so undermined the proper functioning of the adversarial process that the trial
cannot be relied upon as having produced a just result.        Id. Where a defendant,

represented by new counsel upon direct appeal, fails to raise therein the issue of

competent trial counsel and said issue could fairly have been determined without

resort to evidence outside the record, res judicata is a proper basis for dismissing

defendant's petition for postconviction relief. State v. Cole, 2 Ohio St. 3d 112, 443

N.E.2d 169, at syllabus (1982).

      {¶54} Appellant first claims that counsel was ineffective for failing to seek

disqualification of Judge Henson based on his contact with MANCI. For the reasons

stated in the third assignment of error, appellant has not demonstrated that the result

of the proceeding would have been different had counsel successfully sought

disqualification of Judge Henson. Nothing in the record supports appellant’s claim that

the judge was biased against him or had outside information on which he based his

decision in accepting the jury’s recommendation of death, and the sentence was

independently reviewed by the Ohio Supreme Court and found to be appropriate.

      {¶55} Appellant next claims that counsel was ineffective for failing to object to

prosecutorial misconduct and juror misconduct, which are assigned as error in

appellant’s fifth and sixth assignments of error.    Appellant has not supported this

claim with any evidence outside the record; therefore, these issues could have been

raised as ineffective assistance of counsel on direct appeal and are now res judicata.

      {¶56} Finally, appellant argues that counsel should have submitted evidence of

his extensive mental illness in mitigation. Appellant attached documents concerning

his mental illness treatment history in prison to his petition, as well as printouts from

the Ohio Supreme Court web site showing that one of his trial attorneys was
suspended after the trial and one was placed on medical leave and later suspended

for failure to register.

       {¶57} Appellant has presented no evidence that his trial attorneys’ later

disciplinary proceedings had any effect on his representation at trial.

       {¶58} “A postconviction petition does not show ineffective assistance because

it presents a new expert opinion that is different from the theory used at trial.” State v.

Combs (1994), 100 Ohio App.3d 90, 103, 652 N.E.2d 205, citing State v. Jamison

(Sept. 19, 1990), Hamilton App. No. C-910736, unreported.             Further, mitigation

theories that are merely cumulative of the evidence presented at trial will not support a

claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. Id.

       {¶59} The medical records attached to appellant’s petition concerning mental

illness were almost all prepared after appellant was convicted and placed on death

row, and thus counsel was not ineffective for failing to present this evidence which did

not exist at the time of trial. Defense counsel did present evidence in mitigation that

appellant was troubled when he was sentenced to a youth detention facility and came

out even more anti-social, evidence that appellant’s nine suicide attempts and hunger

strikes while incarcerated were a plea for help, and evidence that the state’s mistakes

in their treatment of appellant throughout his incarceration led to his murder of Hardy.

Evidence that appellant was treated for mental illness would have been mostly

cumulative of this evidence.

       {¶60} Further, as noted by the trial court, the strategy during sentencing was

that society would be sufficiently protected by keeping appellant in prison, and more

evidence of the likelihood that appellant would exhibit dangerous and unpredictable
behavior was not helpful to that strategy.        A petition does not show ineffective

assistance simply because it sets forth a different strategy from that used at trial.

Combs, supra.

       {¶61} The fourth assignment of error is overruled.

                                                 V.

       {¶62} In his fifth assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court erred

in denying relief on the basis of prosecutorial misconduct.

       {¶63} Appellant first argues that the prosecutor used peremptory challenges to

exclude women from the jury in violation of Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79, 106

S.Ct. 1712, 90 L.Ed.2d 69.       Appellant cites to no evidence outside the record in

support of his claim. Therefore, this issue could have been raised on direct appeal

and is now res judicata.

       {¶64} Appellant next argues that the record reflects that the State made inmate

James Pharner a state agent and inserted him near appellant to obtain statements,

citing to the transcript where Pharner states that when he gave police information from

appellant, he asked to be transferred to Lorain to be closer to his family. Appellant

argues that the full scope of the agreement with Pharner and any information related

to the state’s agreement with him should have been disclosed in discovery. However,

appellant has presented no evidence that any agreement existed with the State

outside of what Pharner testified to at trial.

       {¶65} Appellant refers to five pieces of information the prosecutor used during

the trial which were not disclosed in discovery: appellant’s prison file used to justify

keeping him shackled (Tr. 52, 86); the journal of a prison nurse containing a statement
by appellant (Tr. 59, 1468); a tape of a hearing shortly after the incident in which

appellant made incriminating statements (Tr. 83-84); notes from the above-mentioned

hearing (Tr. 117), and tapes of phone calls made by Hardy (Tr. 215). Again, appellant

has cited to no evidence outside the record to establish this claim, and appellant’s

claim that this evidence was withheld from him in discovery could have been raised on

direct appeal.

      {¶66} Finally, appellant argues the prosecutor had ex parte communication

with the jurors. Prosecutor Ava Rotell stated during the trial, “Also, Judge, the one

juror, I can’t remember his name, the first juror on the right, he asked can we ask

questions. I said you better ask the Judge.” Tr. 2092. First, this comment does not

reflect that the prosecutor had any inappropriate ex parte communication with the

jurors. One of the jurors asked her a question and she referred the juror to the judge.

Any error related to this claim could have been raised on direct appeal, as appellant

has provided no evidence outside the record.

      {¶67} The fifth assignment of error is overruled.

                                               VI.

      {¶68} Appellant argues that the court erred in denying his request for relief on

the basis of juror misconduct.

      {¶69} Appellant first argues that a juror committed misconduct in speaking to

the prosecutor, as outlined in the fifth assignment of error. As noted above, this claim

could have been raised on direct appeal and is res judicata.

      {¶70} Appellant also argues that it was discovered that two of the alternate

jurors were sitting with the family when the verdict was read.
          {¶71} At the time it came to the court’s attention that alternate jurors were seen

interacting with the family, the court asked his bailiff Smokey to reiterate to the jury

that if they want to be in the courtroom they have every right to be there, but they will

not be allowed to have contact with the family of the victim or anyone else related to

the case.        Tr. 2813.     Appellant has presented no evidence outside the record in

connection with this claimed error. Any error in the court’s handling of the alternate

jurors could have been raised on direct appeal.

          {¶72} The sixth assignment of error is overruled.

                                                         VII.

          {¶73} In his seventh assignment of error, appellant argues that the court erred

in failing to review his Eighth Amendment challenge to Ohio’s death penalty scheme

on the merits.

          {¶74} Appellant’s claim that the death penalty scheme currently in place in

Ohio is unconstitutional could have been raised on direct appeal. Appellant attached

an article to his petition in which Justice Paul Pfeifer of the Ohio Supreme Court

suggested that the death penalty needs to be abolished in Ohio.2 This article has no

bearing on the issue of whether appellant could have raised his constitutional claims

on direct appeal.         Appellant’s argument that the death penalty violates the Eighth

Amendment is res judicata.

                  {¶75} The seventh assignment of error is overruled.

                                                        VIII.

          {¶76} In his final assignment of error, appellant argues that the court erred in

dismissing his claim that he was denied his right to self-representation. Appellant
2
    Justice Pfeifer authored the Supreme Court’s opinion affirming appellant’s conviction and sentence.
admits that this issue was raised and rejected by the Ohio Supreme Court. However,

appellant argues that the Supreme Court found that he raised the issue of self-

representation in the trial court for purposes of delay, and he has presented evidence

to rebut this conclusion.

          {¶77} Appellant attached an affidavit of Stacey Lane to his petition. In this

affidavit, Lane states that he received a letter from appellant in 1997 or 1998

describing the killing of his cellmate at MANCI and asking for advice.            Lane had

represented himself after he was indicted for murdering his cellmate in Lebanon

Correctional Institution. Lane asserted a defense of self-defense and was acquitted.

He stated that he provided appellant with information as to how to defend himself.

          {¶78} The Ohio Supreme Court found that appellant did not unequivocally and

explicitly invoke his right to self-representation, even on April 23, 1999, three days

before trial. Cassano, supra, at ¶38-39. Prior to that time appellant filed a pro se

motion in September of 1998 focusing solely on hybrid representation.               Further,

appellant was represented by the same counsel for over ten months and never

requested that counsel be discharged and he be permitted to proceed pro se until

three days before trial.     Id. at ¶41.   The affidavit submitted by Stacey Lane only

demonstrates that appellant had received information about representing himself in

1997 or 1998.       The time for appellant to demonstrate that he was serious about

representing himself was prior to trial, and the issue was fully litigated in the trial court

and in the Ohio Supreme Court. The trial court did not err in denying this claim for

relief.

          {¶79} The eighth assignment of error is overruled.
      {¶80} The judgment of the Richland County Common Pleas Court is affirmed.

Costs to appellant.




By: Baldwin, J.

Hoffman, P.J. and

Wise, J. concur.



                                   HON. CRAIG R. BALDWIN



                                   HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN



                                   HON. JOHN W. WISE


rad/CRB
             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR RICHLAND COUNTY, OHIO

                             FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT


                                        :
STATE OF OHIO                           :
                                        :
   Plaintiff - Appellee                 :       JUDGMENT ENTRY
                                        :
                                        :
-vs-                                    :
                                        :       Case No.   12CA55
AUGUST CASSANO                          :
                                        :
   Defendant - Appellant                :
                                        :


       For the reasons stated in our accompanying Opinion on file, the judgment of the

Richland County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed. Costs assessed to Appellant.




                                        HON. CRAIG R. BALDWIN



                                        HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN



                                        HON. JOHN W. WISE
