                      NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
  UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                  AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.




                                     IN THE
              ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
                                 DIVISION ONE


                           CATERINA W., Appellant,

                                         v.

                         ANTHONY R., S.R., Appellees.

                              No. 1 CA-JV 17-0558
                                FILED 5-24-2018


            Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
                              No. JS518175
             The Honorable Steven P. Lynch, Judge Pro Tempore

                                   AFFIRMED


                                APPEARANCES

Gerald D. Sherrill, Attorney at Law, Scottsdale
By Gerald D. Sherrill
Counsel for Appellant



                        MEMORANDUM DECISION

Judge James P. Beene delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Maria Elena Cruz and Judge Jennifer B. Campbell joined.
                    CATERINA W. v. ANTHONY R., S.R.
                          Decision of the Court

B E E N E, Judge:

¶1           Caterina W. (“Mother”) appeals the superior court’s ruling
denying her request for severance of the parent-child relationship of S.R.
(born in 2012) and Anthony R. (“Father”). For the following reasons, we
affirm.

                 FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2            Mother and Father are the biological parents of S.R. and were
not married at the time of S.R.’s birth. During the first years of S.R.’s life,
Mother and Father lived together and raised S.R. as co-parents. Both before
and after S.R.’s birth, Father had several DUI arrests that led to him being
incarcerated from September 2014 through May 2015. In March 2015,
Mother filed a petition to establish Father’s paternity in family court.

¶3            After Father’s release in May 2015, he visited S.R. multiple
times before an incident in August 2015, in which he showed up to Mother’s
residence intoxicated and Mother refused him access to S.R. In August
2015, Father received a default order for custody and child support from
their family court case that gave Mother sole legal decision-making
authority over S.R. (the “family court order”). The family court order also
required Father to satisfy the terms of his probation, pay all his fines, and
participate in an alcohol treatment program before the court would
reconsider his parenting time. After receiving the family court order,
Father had no physical contact with S.R.

¶4            Between August 2015 and March 2016, Father spoke with S.R.
on the phone several times. However, after March 2016, Father did not
attempt to contact S.R. in any way, including by phone, letters, cards, or
gifts. Father was again incarcerated from October 2016 through October
2017.

¶5            In March 2017, Mother filed a petition for termination of
Father’s parental rights to S.R., in which she alleged abandonment due to
Father’s failure to maintain a normal parental relationship with S.R.
without just cause for six or more months under Arizona Revised Statutes
(“A.R.S.”) section 8-533(B)(1). In November 2017, the superior court held a
two-day contested termination hearing and subsequently denied Mother’s
request for severance of Father’s parental rights to S.R., finding that Mother
had not established by clear and convincing evidence abandonment under
A.R.S. § 8-533(B)(1). Mother timely appealed. We have jurisdiction
pursuant to A.R.S. §§ 8-235, 12-120.21(A)(1) and -2101(A)(1).



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                     CATERINA W. v. ANTHONY R., S.R.
                           Decision of the Court

                                DISCUSSION

       I.     Standard of Review

¶6             The right to parent one’s child is fundamental but not
absolute. Kent K. v. Bobby M., 210 Ariz. 279, 284, ¶ 24 (2005). The superior
court may terminate parental rights if it finds, “by clear and convincing
evidence, at least one of the statutory grounds set out in section 8-533,” and
by a preponderance of the evidence that termination is in the best interests
of the child. Michael J. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 196 Ariz. 246, 248-49, ¶ 12
(2000); Kent K., 210 Ariz. at 284, ¶ 22.

¶7            “[W]e view the evidence and reasonable inferences to be
drawn from it in the light most favorable to sustaining the court’s decision,”
Jordan C. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 223 Ariz. 86, 93, ¶ 18 (App. 2009), and
we will not reverse unless there is no reasonable evidence to support the
order, Mary Lou C. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 207 Ariz. 43, 47, ¶ 8 (App.
2004). Because the superior court “is in the best position to weigh the
evidence, observe the parties, judge the credibility of witnesses, and make
appropriate findings,” we will accept its findings of fact unless no
reasonable evidence supports them. Jesus M. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 203
Ariz. 278, 280, ¶ 4 (App. 2002).

       II.    Abandonment

¶8            Mother argues that the superior court erred by using an
incorrect standard of abandonment to determine whether Father had
abandoned S.R.         She specifically argues that, regarding Father’s
relationship with S.R., the court erred by considering Father’s subjective
intent instead of his conduct.

¶9            One statutory ground for termination is abandonment. A.R.S.
§ 8-533(B)(1). “Abandonment” is defined as:

       the failure of a parent to provide reasonable support and to
       maintain regular contact with the child, including providing
       normal supervision. Abandonment includes a judicial
       finding that a parent has made only minimal efforts to
       support and communicate with the child. Failure to maintain
       a normal parental relationship with the child without just
       cause for a period of six months constitutes prima facie
       evidence of abandonment.

A.R.S. § 8-531(1).


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                  CATERINA W. v. ANTHONY R., S.R.
                        Decision of the Court

¶10           We assess abandonment objectively based on the parent’s
conduct, not subjective intent. Michael J., 196 Ariz. at 249-50, ¶ 18. “What
constitutes reasonable support, regular contact, and normal supervision
varies from case to case.” Id. at 250, ¶ 20 (citation omitted). “Questions of
abandonment and intent are questions of fact for resolution by the trial
court. Unless there is no reasonable evidence to support the juvenile court’s
finding of facts, we must accept them.” Yuma Cty. Juvenile Court Action No.
J-87-119, 161 Ariz. 537, 539 (App. 1989) (internal citation omitted).

¶11          Here, reasonable evidence supports the superior court’s
finding that Father had not abandoned S.R. The court determined that
Father had not contacted S.R. in any way since March 2016. However, the
court also found that Father “believed he could not see [S.R.] until he
completed the terms of the Family Court order” and “that his lack of contact
was based on his good faith belief that he was complying with the terms of
the Family Court Order.”

¶12            Father repeatedly testified at the termination hearing that he
thought that (1) the family court order prevented him from seeing S.R. until
he “fulfill[ed] the requirements” of his probation, and (2) Mother could
prevent him from interacting with S.R. because the “court order gave her
the parenting rights to tell [Father] whatever she wanted [him] to not do.”
Moreover, the guardian ad litem argued at the termination hearing that
abandonment had not been proven by clear and convincing evidence
because “if [Father was] under the impression that he can’t have contact”
with S.R. pursuant to the family court order, then Father “was doing what
he thought the Court and the Mother wanted.”

¶13           While Mother argues it was error for the superior court to
consider Father’s subjective intent regarding his understanding of the
family court order as opposed to his conduct of not having any interactions
with S.R. for a period greater than six months, the court’s evaluation of a
parent’s efforts “will depend on the circumstances of the particular case.”
Kenneth B. v. Tina B., 226 Ariz. 33, 37, ¶ 19 (App. 2010). Here, the court
considered all the evidence and concluded that all testimony was credible,
including Father’s. Abandonment questions are questions of fact for the
superior court to decide, J-87-119, 161 Ariz. at 539, and we must accept the
court’s findings of fact unless no reasonable evidence supports them, Jesus




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                  CATERINA W. v. ANTHONY R., S.R.
                        Decision of the Court

M., 203 Ariz. at 280, ¶ 4. Because reasonable evidence supports the court’s
determination, we find that the court did not err.1

                              CONCLUSION

¶14          For the foregoing reasons, we affirm.




                         AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
                          FILED: AA




1      Mother also argues that the superior court’s finding that Father
believed he was complying with the family court order was contrary to the
evidence, citing several instances of Father’s failure to comply with that
order. However, the court’s finding only pertains to Father’s belief that the
order gave Mother the authority to prevent him from contacting S.R., not
that Father believed he was complying with all aspects of the order.
Therefore, we do not consider this argument.


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