                IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA

                                 No. COA16-588

                               Filed: 7 March 2017

Alamance County, No. 14-CVS-2033

THE TIMES NEWS PUBLISHING COMPANY d/b/a Times-News, Plaintiff,

            v.

THE ALAMANCE-BURLINGTON BOARD OF EDUCATION, d/b/a Alamance-
Burlington Schools or The Alamance-Burlington School System; & DR. WILLIAM
HARRISON, in his Capacity as Interim Superintendent of Alamance-Burlington
School System, Defendants.


      Appeal by Plaintiff from order entered 16 December 2015 by Judge Michael

O’Foghludha in Alamance County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 19

October 2016.


      The Bussian Law Firm, by John A. Bussian, for the Plaintiff-Appellant.

      Tharrington Smith, LLP, by Deborah R. Stagner and Neal A. Ramee, for the
      Defendants-Appellees.

      Stevens Martin Vaughn & Tadych, PLLC, by C. Amanda Martin, for amicus
      curiae North Carolina Press Association.

      Christine T. Scheef and Allison B. Schafer, for amicus curiae N.C. School
      Boards Association.


      DILLON, Judge.


      The Times News Publishing Company (“Times News”), a publisher of a daily

newspaper, originally brought this action seeking an order compelling the Alamance-

Burlington Board of Education (the “Board”) to provide unredacted minutes of a
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                                  Opinion of the Court



series of closed sessions of the Board. Times News appeals an order in which Judge

O’Foghludha determined that only certain portions of the minutes were subject to

disclosure. We affirm Judge O’Foghludha’s order.

                                    I. Background

        In 2011, Dr. Lillie Cox was hired by the Board to serve as the superintendent

of the Alamance-Burlington School System. In May 2014, during a closed session of

the School Board, Dr. Cox resigned her position as superintendent. The Board agreed

to pay her $200,000 as a severance payment and $22,000 in unused vacation pay.

        In October 2014, Times News submitted a written request to the Board seeking

access to the minutes from certain closed sessions, including the May 2014 closed

session, “pursuant to the Public Records Act.” Times News specifically requested

disclosure of unredacted minutes of “specially called meeting[s], including any closed

sessions in or about May of 2014 relating to the continued employment of the then

current Superintendent of Schools.” In response, the Board produced forty-five (45)

pages of heavily redacted minutes of closed sessions held between March and May

2014.

        Times News subsequently commenced this action, seeking a court order

compelling the Board to produce the meeting minutes in their unredacted form,

alleging that the Board had violated the Open Meetings Law and the Public Records

Act by failing to produce the minutes. In response, the Board filed a motion to dismiss



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and an answer, claiming that the redacted portions of the meeting minutes consisted

of confidential personnel information and information protected by attorney-client

privilege.

      The trial court granted the Board’s motion to dismiss, concluding that “the

records sought by [Times News] [were] not public records subject to disclosure under

the Public Records Act.” Times News appealed the trial court’s grant of the Board’s

motion to dismiss to this Court in December 2014.

      In Times News’s first appeal, our Court reversed the trial court’s ruling,

holding that a trial court presented with an Open Meetings Law claim concerning

closed meeting minutes “must review the minutes in camera—meaning in private,

not in open court—and ‘tailor the scope of statutory protection in each case’ based on

the contents of the minutes and their importance to the public.” Times News Publ’g

Co. v. Alamance-Burlington Bd. of Educ., ___ N.C. App. ___, ___, 774 S.E.2d 922, 924

(2015) (quoting News & Observer Publ’g Co. v. Poole, 330 N.C. 465, 480, 412 S.E.2d

7, 16 (1992)).

      On remand from the first appeal, the Board submitted the full unredacted

minutes from the May 2014 closed session and other sessions to the trial court for in

camera review. In its December 2015 Order, the trial court found that only one

previously redacted paragraph from the minutes was subject to disclosure, ruling as

follows:



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               6. With the exception of the first paragraph on the last
               page of the minutes, the redacted material was properly
               withheld as containing personnel information related to
               Dr. Cox and other employees, and discussions protected by
               the attorney-client privilege. The first paragraph on the
               [last]1 page contains a discussion of the policies of the
               Board, and that paragraph should therefore not be
               withheld from public inspection.

               ....

               8. With the exception of the first paragraph on the last
               page of the minutes, public inspection of the unredacted
               minutes would frustrate the dual purposes of the closed
               sessions.

               9. The first paragraph on the last page of the minutes
               concerns a policy issue which must be public.

Times News timely filed notice of appeal of the December 2015 Order, resulting in

the appeal presently before this Court.

                                            II. Analysis

       As in the first appeal, our consideration of this appeal requires us to address

the interplay between two state laws enacted to ensure public access to government

records – the Open Meetings Law and the Public Records Act. Times News, ___ N.C.

App. at ___, 774 S.E.2d at 925.

       The Public Records Act recognizes that public records and public information

are generally open to inspection by the public, see N.C. Gen. Stat. § 132.1(b) (2013),



       1 The trial court’s order refers to the “first paragraph on the first page” in this finding. It
appears from the record and the other findings in the trial court’s order that this was in error.

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but it does have narrow exceptions, such as information protected by attorney-client

privilege, personnel information, or confidential matters concerning students. N.C.

Gen. Stat. 143-318.11 (a)(1), (3), (6) (2013); Times News, ___ N.C. App. at ___, 774

S.E.2d at 925. For instance, personnel records created by a local board of education

are not subject to public inspection under the Public Records Act. Id.

      The Open Meetings Law permits a public body to hold “closed sessions” –

sessions not open to the public – in limited situations. Id.; see N.C. Gen. Stat. § 143-

318.11. For instance, a closed session is allowed in order to (1) prevent the disclosure

of non-public information, (2) allow a public body to consult with its attorney and

preserve the attorney-client privilege, and (3) allow a public body to confidentially

consider individual personnel issues. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 143-318.11(a). The Open

Meetings Law further requires that “[e]very public body . . . keep full and accurate

minutes of all official meetings, including any closed sessions.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 143-

318.10(e). These minutes are considered public records under the Public Records Act,

but may be withheld from public inspection where “public inspection would frustrate

the purpose of a closed session.” Times News, ___ N.C. App. at ___, 774 S.E.2d at 925

(quoting N.C. Gen. Stat. § 143-318.10).

      The relevant statute, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 143-318.10, provides as follows:

             Every public body shall keep full and accurate minutes of
             all official meetings, including any closed sessions held
             pursuant to G.S. 143-318.11. Such minutes may be in
             written form or, at the option of the public body, may be in


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             the form of sound or video or sound recordings. When the
             public body meets in closed session, it shall keep a general
             account of the closed session so that a person not in
             attendance would have a reasonable understanding of what
             transpired. Such accounts may be written narrative, or
             video or audio recordings. Such minutes and accounts
             shall be public records within the meaning of the Public
             Records Law, [] provided, however, that minutes or an
             account of a closed session conducted in compliance with
             G.S. 143-318.11 may be withheld from public inspection so
             long as public inspection would frustrate the purpose of a
             closed session.

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 143-318.10(e) (emphasis added).

      In this appeal, Times News argues that even where minutes have been

properly redacted, the Open Meetings Law requires a public body, such as the Board,

to create and make public a “general account” of the redacted portions with sufficient

detail such that members of the public would be able to “reasonably understand what

transpired” at the meeting. See N.C. Gen. Stat. § 143-318.10(e). Essentially, Times

News contends that a “general account” of a closed session created pursuant to N.C.

Gen. Stat. § 143-318.10(e) is separate from the actual minutes of the session, and

further contends that even if the minutes themselves might not be subject to public

inspection, the general account is subject to public inspection. We disagree with this

interpretation of the Open Meetings Law.

      The plain language of the Open Meetings Law provides that “every public body

shall keep full and accurate minutes” of a closed session. The statute also provides

that a public body “shall keep a general account” of a closed session. Our Court has


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previously delineated the differences between “minutes” and a “general account” as

follows:

             The purpose of minutes is to provide a record of the actions
             taken by a board and evidence that the actions were taken
             according to proper procedures. If no action is taken, no
             minutes (other than a record that the meeting occurred)
             are necessary. The purpose of a general account, on the
             other hand, is to provide some sort of record of the
             discussion that took place in the closed session, whether
             action was taken or not. A public body must always
             prepare a general account of a closed session, even if
             minutes of that closed session are unnecessary. As a
             practical matter, the general account of a meeting at which
             action is taken will usually serve as the minutes of that
             meeting as well, if the account includes a record of the
             action.

Multimedia Publ'g of N. Carolina, Inc. v. Henderson Cnty., 145 N.C. App. 365, 372–

73, 550 S.E.2d 846, 851 (2001) (emphasis added).

      In accordance with Multimedia, we hold that where a public body has kept

minutes which are sufficient to give someone not in attendance “a reasonable

understanding of what transpired,” the public body has met its obligation to create a

“general account.” Multimedia Publ’g, 145 N.C. App. at 372–73, 550 S.E.2d at 851.

We note that Times News has not challenged the trial court’s conclusion of law in its

2015 Order that “the minutes of the closed session . . . do comply with the statutory

requirement.”

      Further, we hold that the statute is unambiguous in allowing a public body to

prohibit public inspection of any portion of minutes or a “general account” of a closed


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session where disclosure would “frustrate the purpose of [the] closed session.” See

State v. Hooper, 358 N.C. 122, 125, 591 S.E.2d 514, 516 (2004) (“The first step in

determining a statute's purpose is to examine the statute's plain language. Where

the language of a statute is clear and unambiguous, there is no room for judicial

construction and the courts must construe the statute using its plain meaning.”).

Specifically, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 143-318.10(e) states that both “minutes or an account

of a closed session . . . may be withheld from public inspection so long as public

inspection would frustrate the purpose of a closed session.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 143-

318.10(e). Our Supreme Court has recognized that the non-disclosure provision in

the Open Meetings Law is an exception to the Public Records Act. News & Observer

v. Poole, 330 N.C. at 480, 412 S.E.2d at 16.

      Here, the trial court redacted the majority of the forty-five (45) pages of

minutes, noting that “the redacted material was properly withheld as containing

personnel information related to Dr. Cox and other employees, [] discussions

protected by the attorney-client privilege[,]” and confidential student information.

      A trial court’s findings, based on in camera review, regarding whether a public

body’s closed session minutes comply with the Open Meetings Law and the Public

Records Act are conclusions of law, Multimedia Publ’g, 145 N.C. App. at 370, 550

S.E.2d at 850; therefore, the proper standard for appellate review is de novo.




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      We have carefully reviewed the unredacted minutes submitted under seal to

this Court and conclude that the undisclosed portions were properly redacted by the

trial court on remand. We also agree with the trial court that the first paragraph on

the last page of the minutes concerns a policy issue which must be disclosed to the

public. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s order in its entirety.

      AFFIRMED.

      Judges ELMORE and HUNTER, JR., concur.




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