[Cite as State v. Nash, 2013-Ohio-1346.]


                 Court of Appeals of Ohio
                               EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                  COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA


                              JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
                                       No. 98658


                                      STATE OF OHIO

                                                       PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE

                                                 vs.



                                      TIMOTHY NASH
                                                             DEFENDANT-APPELLANT



                              JUDGMENT:
                   AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED IN PART
                            AND REMANDED


                                    Criminal Appeal from the
                             Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                                      Case No. CR-553521

        BEFORE:          Jones, J., Boyle, P.J., and Rocco, J.

        RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED:                      April 4, 2013
FOR APPELLANT

Timothy M. Nash, pro se
Inmate #631-040
Richland Correctional Institution
P.O. Box 8107
Mansfield, Ohio 44901


ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE

Timothy J. McGinty
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor

BY: Erica Barnhill
Assistant County Prosecutor
The Justice Center, 8th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
LARRY A. JONES, SR., J.:

       {¶1} Defendant-appellant, Timothy Nash, appeals his convictions for breaking and

entering, grand theft, vandalism, and possessing criminal tools.           We affirm his

convictions but remand the case for a hearing on restitution.

       {¶2} In 2011, Nash was charged with one count each of the above-mentioned

crimes.    The case proceeded to a jury trial in March 2012, at which Nash represented

himself.   The following pertinent evidence was adduced at trial.

       {¶3} On August 13, 2011, Cleveland Police responded to a call for a possible

break-in on George Avenue.       The police discovered that a large electrical transformer

was missing from a fenced-in area owned by the Cleveland Electric Illuminating

Company (“CEI”) and noted tire marks, “drag marks,” and a trail of oil leading out of the

area toward the road.   The police followed the trail of oil for approximately two blocks

and saw Nash and another man, Terry Victor, standing over the transformer.         A bag of

tools and a dolly lay nearby.   Victor’s truck was parked across the street.   As the police

approached the two men and ordered them to stop, Nash started walking away from the

transformer and dropped his gloves.       Upon arrest, the police officer noted that Nash

smelled like oil.

       {¶4} CEI supervisor Chet Pfiester testified that the transformer belonged to CEI,

weighed about 3500 pounds, and contained approximately 120 pounds of copper wire.

Pfiester testified that the theft of the transformer cost CEI a total of $24,656.11, which
included repairs to the transformer and hazardous material cleanup.    He further testified

that the transformer was necessary for CEI to conduct its business.

      {¶5} The jury convicted Nash of all four counts.    The trial court sentenced him to

18 months in prison and ordered him to pay restitution to CEI in the amount of

$24,656.11.

      {¶6} Nash filed a pro se appeal, raising the following assignments of error for our

review, as quoted:

      [I.] The police records are a falsification of information when the
      evidence which being the bolt cutters and series of electrical power lines are
      missing as evidence to validate police records: the yellow bolt cutters and
      electrical power lines were not presented to jurors during trial.

      [II.] Appellant was illegally restrained for months by the trial courts order
      through cancellation of proceedings for the appellant while he and two
      prosecutors held open court proceedings at appellant request though
      appellant as defense counsel or defendant pro se was not present and did not
      give authorization for continuances which suspends O Const Art I Section
      10 as is Crim.R. 43 and 44.

      [III.] Trial court and prosecutors conspired and committed multiple acts of
      tampering with court records through unauthorized continuances which
      caused a loss of jurisdiction and/or a misuse of authority and office.

      [IV.] Trial court did not use trial transcript to determine the new trial
      motion filed April 10, 2012, when the transcript was mandatory to make
      any determination of judgment.

      [V.] Trial court imposed an illegal amount of restitution June 19, 2012,
      while knowing that James Foster, a CEI representative, had stated in court
      that same date that the amount was an accumulation of thefts of CEI
      property.

      [VI.] Trial court did not grant an investigator to investigate the crime
      scene on behalf of appellant when the evidence was ambiguous and not an
      accurate reflection of the allegations in the indictment.
                                      Appellate Rules

       {¶7} As an initial matter, Nash’s brief fails to comply with the appellate rules. We

are cognizant that Nash filed his appeal pro se, and appellate courts afford pro se litigants

considerable leniency, but we are not required to root out legal arguments for him. State

v. Watson, 126 Ohio St.3d 316, 321, 710 N.E.2d 340 (1998). Nash lists a third and sixth

assignment of error in his table of contents but fails to argue either assignment of error in

his brief. Thus, we summarily reject the third and sixth assignments of error under the

provisions of App.R. 12(A)(2) and 16(A)(7). Accordingly, the third and sixth assignments

of error are overruled.

       {¶8} Nash further fails to cite any authority in support of his position in the first,

fourth, and fifth assignments of error, as required by App.R. 16. Although the appellate

rules were not complied with here, we recognize that cases are best decided on their

merits; therefore, we will briefly consider those assignments of error.



                             Manifest Weight of the Evidence

       {¶9} Although not phrased as such, Nash essentially argues in his first assignment

of error that his convictions were against the manifest weight of the evidence.

       {¶10} In reviewing a challenge to the manifest weight of the evidence, the Ohio

Supreme Court has held that:

       [t]he question to be answered is whether there is substantial evidence upon
       which [the triers-of-fact] could reasonably conclude that all the elements
       have been proved beyond a reasonable doubt. In conducting this review, we
       must examine the entire record, weigh the evidence and all reasonable
       inferences, consider the credibility of the witnesses, and determine whether
       the [triers-of-fact] clearly lost [their] way and created such a manifest
       miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial
       ordered.

(Quotes and citations omitted.) State v. Leonard, 104 Ohio St.3d 54, 2004-Ohio-6235,

818 N.E.2d 229, ¶ 81.

       When a court of appeals reverses a judgment of a trial court on the basis
       that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence, the appellate court sits
       as a ‘thirteenth juror’ and disagrees with the factfinder’s resolution of the
       conflicting testimony.

State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387, 1997-Ohio-52, 678 N.E.2d 541, citing Tibbs

v. Florida, 457 U.S. 31, 42, 102 S.Ct. 2211, 72 L.Ed.2d 652 (1982). To determine

whether a case is an exceptional case where the evidence weighs heavily against

conviction, an appellate court must review the record, weigh the evidence and all

reasonable inferences, and consider the credibility of witnesses. Thompkins at id., citing

State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983). An appellate

court should reverse the conviction and order a new trial only if it concludes that the trier

of fact clearly lost its way in resolving conflicts in evidence and created a manifest

miscarriage of justice. Thompkins at id.

       {¶11} Nash claims that witness testimony contradicted statements the police made

in their report. But it is well-settled that the weight of the evidence and resolution of

issues of credibility are matters primarily for the factfinder to assess. State v. DeHass,

10 Ohio St.2d 230, 227 N.E.2d 212 (1967), paragraph one of the syllabus. A thorough

review of the record shows that Nash’s convictions are not against the manifest weight of
the evidence.

       {¶12} When police arrived at the scene, they noted that the fenced-in area that

housed the transformer had been broken into and a large electrical transformer was

missing. The police followed a trail of oil and drag marks for two blocks and found

Nash and his accomplice standing over the transformer with a bag of tools and a dolly

nearby.   Nash dropped a pair of work gloves when the police approached him and the

police also noted that he smelled strongly of the oil that had been leaking from the

transformer.    There was testimony that the transformer was necessary for CEI to conduct

its business and the repairs and cleanup totaled $24,656.11. Based on these facts, we

cannot say that the jury lost its way in convicting Nash.

       {¶13} The first assignment of error is overruled.

                                       Speedy Trial

       {¶14} In the second assignment of error, Nash argues that the trial court granted

continuances that he did not authorize and his speedy trial rights were violated.

       {¶15} An accused is guaranteed the constitutional right to a speedy trial pursuant

to the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution and Section

10, Article I, of the Ohio Constitution.          State v. Taylor, 98 Ohio St.3d 27,

2002-Ohio-7017, 781 N.E.2d 72, ¶ 32.           These speedy trial rights are essentially

equivalent. State v. Butler, 19 Ohio St.2d 55, 57, 249 N.E.2d 818 (1969). Ohio’s

speedy trial statutes, found in R.C. 2945.71 et seq., were implemented to enforce those

constitutional guarantees.   Brecksville v. Cook, 75 Ohio St.3d 53, 55, 1996-Ohio-171,
661 N.E.2d 706; State v. Blackburn, 118 Ohio St.3d 163, 2008-Ohio-1823, 887 N.E.2d

319, ¶ 10.

       {¶16} R.C. 2945.71(C)(2) requires a criminal defendant against whom a felony

charge is pending to be brought to trial within 270 days from his arrest. Pursuant to R.C.

2945.72, the time within which an accused must be brought to trial is extended by:

       ***

       (E) [a]ny period of delay necessitated by reason of a plea in bar or
       abatement, motion, proceeding, or action made or instituted by the accused;

       ***
       (H) [t]he period of any continuance granted on the accused’s own motion,

       and the period of any reasonable continuance granted other than upon the

       accused’s own motion.

       {¶17} Although Nash argues that the trial court granted continuances he did not

authorize, Nash was represented by counsel during most of the pretrial process. The trial

court noted in October 2011 that Nash wished to represent himself, but Nash did not

actually waive his right to counsel until March 1, 2012.

       {¶18} Nash was arrested on August 13, 2011, and was released from jail on bond

on October 25, 2011.    He was arrested on a different case on November 8, 2011, and his

bond was revoked. Nash was granted numerous continuances between August 2011 and

March 2012 and filed over 20 pro se motions from August 14, 2011 to March 20, 2012.

Only one of the motions was served upon the state; when the state discovered the other

filed motions on March 1, 2012, it asked for a continuance to respond to the motions.
Nash subsequently filed six more pro se motions, which he did not serve on the state.

The state filed an omnibus response to Nash’s motions on March 26. Based on these

facts, Nash’s statutory speedy trial rights were not violated because the speedy trial time

was tolled due to his numerous filings.          See State v. Jones, 8th Dist. No. 90903,

2009-Ohio-3371.

          {¶19} We also find that Nash’s constitutional speedy trial rights were not violated.

 In State v. O’Brien, 34 Ohio St.3d 7, 516 N.E.2d 218 (1987), the Supreme Court of Ohio

stated that statutory and constitutional speedy trial provisions are co-extensive, but that

the constitutional guarantees may be broader than statutory provisions in some

circumstances.      Therefore, a defendant’s Sixth Amendment rights to a speedy trial can

be violated even though the state has complied with the statutory provisions implementing

that right. Id. at 9.

          {¶20} Because we find no statutory speedy-trial violation here, Nash must

demonstrate that the trial court and prosecution violated his constitutional speedy trial

rights.    State v. Gaines, 9th Dist. No. 00CA008298, 2004-Ohio-3407, ¶ 16.

          {¶21} In order to determine whether a defendant sustained constitutional speedy

trial violations, we balance four factors:    “Length of delay, the reason for the delay, the

defendant’s assertion of his right, and prejudice to the defendant.” Barker v. Wingo, 407

U.S. 514, 530, 92 S.Ct. 2182, 33 L.Ed.2d 101 (1972). But first, the defendant must

make a threshold showing of a “presumptively prejudicial” delay to trigger application of

the Barker analysis. Doggett v. United States, 505 U.S. 647, 650, 112 S.Ct. 2686, 120
L.Ed.2d 520 (1992), citing Barker at 530-531; State v. Miller, 10th Dist. No. 04AP-285,

2005-Ohio-518, ¶ 11.     Courts have generally found that a delay approaching one year

becomes “presumptively prejudicial.” Doggett at 652, fn. 1.

       {¶22} The case at bar was pending for seven months and, during that time, Nash

requested and was granted numerous continuances and filed over 20 motions.

Therefore, Nash does not make the threshold showing that the delay was presumptively

prejudicial. We find no constitutional violation of Nash’s speedy trial rights.

       {¶23} The second assignment of error is overruled.

                                   Motion for New Trial

       {¶24} In the fourth assignment of error, Nash claims the trial court erred in

denying his motion for a new trial without considering the trial transcript.

       {¶25} A reviewing court will not reverse a trial court’s denial of a motion for a

new trial absent some clear abuse of discretion. State v. Braun, 8th Dist. No. 95271,

2011-Ohio-1688, ¶ 34, citing State v. Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d 71, 76, 564 N.E.2d 54

(1991).   We will not reverse a lower court’s refusal to grant a new trial unless there has

been an abuse of that discretion and unless it appears that the matter asserted as a ground

for a new trial materially affects the substantial rights of the defendant. Crim.R. 33.

       {¶26} Crim.R. 33 governs the granting or denying of a defendant’s motion for a

new trial and provides in part:

       A new trial may be granted on motion of the defendant for any of the
       following causes affecting materially his substantial rights:

       (1) Irregularity in the proceedings, or in any order or ruling of the court, or
       abuse of discretion by the court, because of which the defendant was
       prevented from having a fair trial;

       (2) Misconduct of the jury, prosecuting attorney, or the witnesses for the
       state;

       ***

       (4) That the verdict is not sustained by sufficient evidence or is contrary to
       law. * * *

        (5) Error of law occurring at the trial.

       {¶27} In his pro se motion for a new trial, Nash claimed the indictment was

defective, misconduct by the prosecutor, false testimony, and missing or withheld

evidence.    On appeal, Nash merely argues that the trial court erred in granting the

motion without first reviewing the trial transcript.

       {¶28} Upon review, we find that Nash provided no credible evidence or argument

to warrant a new trial.   Thus, having considered the appropriate law and facts, we find

no abuse of discretion.

       {¶29} The fourth assignment of error is overruled.

                                         Restitution

       {¶30} In the fifth assignment of error, Nash argues the trial court erred in granting

restitution to CEI in the amount of $24,656.11. Nash contends that the amount imposed

by the court was unlawful because CEI based the amount on previous damage and thefts

of the transformer. We find some merit to this argument.

       {¶31} Although a restitution award is ordinarily reviewed using an abuse of

discretion standard, appellant failed to object below with regard to the restitution
determination, and thus he waived all but plain error. State v. Myrick, 8th Dist. No.

91492, 2009-Ohio-2030, ¶ 30.

       {¶32} R.C. 2929.18 governs financial sanctions and the procedures that must be

followed in determining the appropriate amount of restitution. This statute provides that

the court imposing a sentence upon an offender for a felony may sentence the offender to

any financial sanction, including:

       [(A)](1) Restitution by the offender to the victim of the offender’s crime or

       any survivor of the victim, in an amount based on the victim’s economic

       loss. If the court imposes restitution, the court shall order that the restitution

       be made to the victim in open court, to the adult probation department that

       serves the county on behalf of the victim, to the clerk of courts, or to

       another agency designated by the court.      If the court imposes restitution, at

       sentencing, the court shall determine the amount of restitution to be made

       by the offender. If the court imposes restitution, the court may base the

       amount of restitution it orders on an amount recommended by the victim,

       the offender, a presentence investigation report, estimates or receipts

       indicating the cost of repairing or replacing property, and other information,

       provided that the amount the court orders as restitution shall not exceed the

       amount of the economic loss suffered by the victim as a direct and

       proximate result of the commission of the offense.

       {¶33} R.C. 2929.19(B)(5) provides that “[b]efore imposing a financial sanction
under section 2929.18 of the Revised Code or a fine under section 2929.32 of the Revised

Code, the court shall consider the offender’s present and future ability to pay the amount

of the sanction or fine.”

       {¶34} In this case, CEI representative Pfiester testified at trial and at the

sentencing hearing regarding the amount of restitution.            At trial, he testified that

“because of the ongoing thefts, we had to have the forester department out there to clear

some trees out for better visibility. We had to put up spotlights. * * * We had to have

the fence repaired several times.”

       {¶35} The state entered into evidence as Exhibit 8 a handwritten “cheat sheet” that

Pfiester prepared detailing CEI’s expenses. Pfiester stated at the sentencing hearing

that “a number of transformers were vandalized and entered into for purposes of

removing copper.     The total list are of record in Exhibit 8.”

       {¶36} There are a number of concerns with the amount of restitution the trial court

ordered Nash to pay. According to Exhibit 8, CEI paid $550 to “make a clear view of

transformers from street” and $500 for installation of a flood light. Neither of these

costs may be assessed in the restitution award; they were security measures CEI put in

place after the crime occurred and cannot be considered economic losses.        CEI also paid

$539 for fence repair, but Exhibit 8 states that the cost was for fence repair the “1st time

(2nd time figured in a job).” Thus, there is at least some likelihood that the $539 fee is

for a fence repair from a break-in that occurred before August 13, 2011.

       {¶37} Exhibit 8 also lists charges in the amount of $240 for “troublemans time,”
$7,509.61 for hazardous cleanup, $49 for copper wire, $148.50 for crane operator, and

$90 for a crane truck.     But Pfiester stated at the sentencing hearing that Exhibit 8

contained a “total list” from “a number of transformers,” thus, it is unclear if those

charges relate solely to the crimes that occurred on August 13, 2011. Finally, most

concerning to this court, is a notation of $15,030.00, without any explanation of what the

charge relates to, and the state offered no evidence on this amount at trial or sentencing.

       {¶38} Pursuant to R.C. 2929.18, the amount of restitution the court orders “shall

not exceed the amount of the economic loss suffered by the victim as a direct and

proximate result of the commission of the offense.”          While the replacement of the

transformer, the fence repair, the hazardous waste cleanup, and associated labor costs

from the theft that occurred on August 13, 2011, may certainly be a direct and proximate

result of Nash’s crimes, it is abundantly clear that CEI sought damages that far exceeded

its economic loss from that single event.

       {¶39} Therefore, the trial court must hold a hearing to determine the correct

amount of restitution owed and must also consider Nash’s present and future ability to

pay.

       {¶40} The fifth assignment of error is sustained.

       {¶41} Accordingly, Nash’s convictions are affirmed but the order of restitution is

vacated, and this case is remanded to the trial court for a hearing on restitution in

conformity with R.C. 2929.18 and 2929.19(B)(5).

       It is ordered that appellant and appellee split the costs herein taxed.
      The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

      It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common

pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s convictions having

been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated.

      A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of

the Rules of Appellate Procedure.




LARRY A. JONES, SR., JUDGE

MARY J. BOYLE, P.J., and
KENNETH A. ROCCO, J., CONCUR
