                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION

                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                            FILED
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
                                                                            AUG 14 2019
                                                                         MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOREST KIRST; TRACEY KIRST, and                  No.   18-35830
the marital community composed thereof,
                                                 D.C. No. 3:16-cv-00188-TMB
              Plaintiffs-Appellants,

 v.                                              MEMORANDUM*

OTTOSEN PROPELLER &
ACCESSORIES, INC., an Arizona
Corporation; HARTZELL PROPELLER,
INC., an Ohio Corporation; THE
OTTOSEN FAMILY FOUNDATION, an
Arizona corporation,

              Defendants-Appellees.


                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                             for the District of Alaska
                   Timothy M. Burgess, District Judge, Presiding

                      Argued and Submitted August 9, 2019
                               Fairbanks, Alaska

Before: TALLMAN, IKUTA, and N.R. SMITH, Circuit Judges.



      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      Forest Kirst appeals the district court’s grant of summary judgment to

Defendants Hartzell Propeller Inc. (Hartzell) and Ottosen Propeller & Accessories,

Inc. (Ottosen). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

      We review the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. Lippi v.

City Bank, 955 F.2d 599, 604 (9th Cir. 1992). “The movant has the burden of

showing that there is no genuine issue of fact, but the plaintiff is not thereby

relieved of his own burden of producing in turn evidence that would support a jury

verdict.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 256 (1986). The non-

moving party “may not rest upon the mere allegations or denials of his pleading,

but must set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Id.

at 248 (quotation marks and alteration omitted).

1.    The district court properly granted summary judgment to Hartzell on Kirst’s

negligent misrepresentation and negligent supervision claims. Under Alaska law,

negligent misrepresentation has four elements: (1) the defendant must have made a

statement in the course of business; (2) the statement must have been false when

made; (3) the plaintiff must have justifiably relied on the statement to his

detriment; and (4) the defendant must have failed to exercise reasonable care when

making the statement. S. Alaska Carpenters Health & Sec. Tr. Fund v. Jones, 177

P.3d 844, 857 (Alaska 2008). Kirst failed to produce evidence that Hartzell’s


                                            2
statement was false when made, or that Hartzell failed to exercise reasonable care

when making its statement. Moreover, Kirst has not provided any support for his

assertion that Hartzell had a duty to supervise Ottosen.

2.    The district court properly granted summary judgment to Hartzell and

Ottosen on Kirst’s product liability claims. Under Alaska law, a manufacturer “is

strictly liable in tort when an article he places on the market, knowing that it is to

be used without inspection for defects, proves to have a defect that causes injury to

a human being.” Shanks v. Upjohn Co., 835 P.2d 1189, 1194 (Alaska 1992)

(internal quotation marks omitted). “[T]he plaintiff in a strict products liability suit

must establish as part of his cause of action that the product was defective at the

time it left the possession of the manufacturer.” Hiller v. Kawasaki Motors Corp.,

USA, 671 P.2d 369, 372 (Alaska 1983). To the extent Kirst’s claim against Hartzell

rests on a risk of corrosion as the alleged defect, Kirst has failed to produce

evidence that the propeller in fact had a heightened risk of corrosion or that it

caused his injury. Kirst’s argument that Hartzell’s service bulletin required Ottosen

to assemble and disassemble the propeller and therefore caused the bolts to become

loose fails, because the service bulletin applied only after 1,000 air miles and

therefore did not apply to the propeller at issue. Kirst’s claims based on loose and

used bolts as an alleged defect also fail, because Kirst failed to produce evidence


                                            3
that the propeller was assembled with loose and used bolts when it left either

Hartzell’s or Ottosen’s possession.

3.    The district court properly granted summary judgment to Ottosen on Kirst’s

negligence claim. To succeed on a claim of negligence, the plaintiff must show the

defendant owed him a duty of care, breached that duty, and caused the plaintiff to

be injured as a result of that breach. Regner v. N. Star Volunteer Fire Dep’t, Inc.,

323 P.3d 16, 21 (Alaska 2014). Even assuming that the plane crash was caused by

loose and used bolts on the propeller blade clamp, Kirst failed to introduce

evidence beyond mere speculation that Ottosen breached its duty by assembling

and selling the propeller with the loose or used bolts.

      Additionally, the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur does not allow an inference of

breach in this case. Res ipsa applies where: (1) “the accident is one which

ordinarily does not occur in the absence of someone’s negligence”; (2) “the agency

or instrumentality is within the exclusive control of the defendant”; and (3) “the

injurious condition or occurrence was not due to any voluntary action or

contribution on the part of the plaintiff.” Widmyer v. Se. Skyways, Inc., 584 P.2d 1,

11 (Alaska 1978). Although the plane crash would not ordinarily occur in the

absence of negligence, Kirst has failed to show that the propeller and the clamp

bolts were in “the exclusive control of” Ottosen or that the alleged loose and used


                                           4
condition of the bolts “was not due to any voluntary action or contribution on the

part of” Kirst. After Ottosen assembled the propeller, it had no further contact with

the propeller for the next three years. Rather, Kirst installed the propeller on his

plane, and either Kirst or his mechanic performed all necessary maintenance,

repairs, and inspections over the three years between when the propeller was

installed and the date of the crash.

4.    The district court properly granted summary judgment to Ottosen on Kirst’s

consumer protection, fraud, and misrepresentation claims. Kirst claims that Ottosen

misrepresented the propeller as new despite having replaced the propeller blades.

Even assuming that this replacement would render a propeller no longer “new” and

thus be a misrepresentation under Alaska’s consumer protection statute and

common law, Kirst has failed to introduce any evidence that this misrepresentation

caused him a loss. Alaska Stat. § 45.50.531(a) (Alaska consumer protection law

requires showing of causation and loss); see also Cornelison v. TIG Ins., 376 P.3d

1255, 1270 (Alaska 2016) (fraud claim requires showing of causation and loss); S.

Alaska Carpenters Health & Sec. Tr. Fund, 177 P.3d at 857 (misrepresentation

claim requires showing of detrimental reliance on misrepresentation).




                                           5
AFFIRMED.1




1
    Kirst’s motion to supplement the record on appeal is denied.
                                      6
