                      UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                      FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
__________________________________

                                             )
WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A.,                      )
                                             )
               Plaintiff,                    )
                                             )
       v.                                    )       Civil Action No. 13-47 (RMC)
                                             )
J.B. FROE PROPERTIES, INC., et al.,          )
                                             )
            Defendant.                       )
_________________________________            )

                                           OPINION

               Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. brought this in rem action seeking quiet title to certain

real property. Wells Fargo seeks to confirm the validity of a tax sale, a subsequent deed of the

property to Barbranda Walls, and Ms. Walls’ deed of trust to Wells Fargo as security for a loan.

Because Ms. Walls has not pointed to any genuine issues of material fact relating to the chain of

title, summary judgment will be granted in favor of Wells Fargo.

                                           I. FACTS

               Barbranda Walls is the current record owner of real property known as 585

Columbia Road, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20001 (Property). Answer [Dkt. 6] ¶ 2. The Property

was owned previously by: J.B. Froe Properties, Inc.; Emilie Froe Preston; Arthur Froe; Lanoix

Froe; Ruth Meyer; Sonja Watson; Olga DeBerry Brown; and Katie Alexander (Former Owners).

See Mot. For Summ. J. [Dkt. 38], Ex. 1 (Deed dated May 31, 1991) & Ex. 2 (Deed dated Sept.

30, 1991). The Property was sold at a tax sale on October 1, 1996. See Consent J. [Dkt. 15], Ex.

A (Tax Sale Deed). The Former Owners received notice of the tax sale, and when they failed to

redeem, the Tax Sale Deed conveyed the Property to Nautilus, LLC, effective as of October 29,

1999. Id.; see also Consent Js. [Dkt. 15, 16, 19, 20, 61, 62, 66]; Am. Default J. [Dkt. 34]. On

                                                 1
December 22, 2000, Ms. Walls purchased the Property from Nautilus, and a deed reflecting that

transfer was recorded as Instrument No. 2001002063. Answer ¶ 10.

                Ms. Walls applied for a $600,000 mortgage loan with Wachovia Bank, N.A.

Answer ¶ 12. At the loan closing on November 4, 2005, Ms. Walls executed a Note together

with a Deed of Trust securing the loan with a first priority lien on the Property; the Deed of Trust

is recorded as Instrument No. 20051728091. Id. ¶ 13. As a successor by merger with Wachovia

Bank, Wells Fargo holds the loan that is secured by the Deed of Trust and thus holds a first

priority security interest in the Property. Id. ¶¶ 1, 14, 19.

                Ms. Walls defaulted on her loan, and Wells Fargo sued to collect on the Note in

U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. Id. ¶ 16; Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v.

Walls, Civ. No. 12-664 (E.D. Va.) (Compl. filed June 18, 2012). 1 The district court granted

summary judgment in favor of Wells Fargo, see id., (Summ. J. filed Dec. 28, 2012), and the

Fourth Circuit affirmed, see Wells Fargo Bank N.A. v. Walls, 543 F. App’x 350 (4th Cir. 2013);

see also Opp’n to Mot. for Summ. J. [Dkt. 67] (Opp’n), Ex. 2 (Walls Brief on Appeal to the U.S.

Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit) at 5-6.

                In addition to suing on the Note, Wells Fargo also directed a substitute trustee to

conduct a foreclosure sale of the Property. 2 Compl. [Dkt. 1] ¶ 15. Nazim Mehbaliyev purchased



1
  A court may take judicial notice of facts contained in public records of other proceedings, see
Abhe & Svoboda, Inc. v. Chao, 508 F.3d 1052, 1059 (D.C. Cir. 2007); Settles v. U.S. Parole
Commission, 429 F.3d 1098, 1107 (D.C. Cir. 2005), and the Court takes judicial notice of the
referenced Eastern District of Virginia case and Fourth Circuit affirmance.
2
  Ms. Walls sued in D.C. Superior Court to enjoin the foreclosure action, but the case was
dismissed as moot because the foreclosure sale had gone forward already. See Walls v. Wells
Fargo Bank, N.A., Civ. No. 1:13-623, 2013 WL 3199675, at *2 (E.D. Va. June 20, 2013). When
Ms. Walls filed the same claims again, her case was dismissed as barred by res judicata and for
failure to state a claim. Id. at *3-4.

                                                   2
the Property at foreclosure, but the settlement company would not close the transaction and issue

title insurance because it questioned the validity of the Tax Sale Deed. Id. ¶ 16. At the time of

the tax sale, D.C. law did not require a court proceeding and thus there is no court record to

confirm that interested parties received notice of the right of redemption. Id. To resolve this

issue, on January 11, 2013, Wells Fargo brought suit here, seeking a declaratory judgment for

quiet title (Count I) and seeking restitution for unjust enrichment (Count II). Id. ¶¶ 18-29.

               The Complaint names eleven Defendants: J.B. Froe Properties, Inc.; Arthur J.

Froe; Emilie Froe Preston; Estate of Lenoix Wayne Froe; Estate of Ruth Mayer; Estate of Katie

Alexander; Sonja Watson; Olga Brown; D.C. Water and Sewer Authority; Nazim Mehbaliyev;

and Barbranda L. Walls. 3 As to every Defendant except Ms. Walls, judgment has been entered

in favor of Wells Fargo on the quiet title claim (Count I) and the claim for restitution (Count II)

has been dismissed. See Consent Js. [Dkt. 15] (as to Sonja Watson), [Dkt. 16] (as to Olga

DeBerry Brown), [Dkt. 17] (as to D.C. Water and Sewer), [Dkt. 19] (as to Arthur Froe), [Dkt.

20] (as to Emilie Froe Preston), [Dkt. 61] (as to the Estate of Katie Alexander), [Dkt. 62] (as to

the Estate of Ruth Mayer), [Dkt. 66] (as to the Estate of Lanoix Wayne Froe); Am. Default J.

[Dkt. 34] (as to J.B. Froe Properties, Inc. and Nazim Mehbaliyev).

               While this suit was pending, Ms. Walls filed a petition for Chapter 7 bankruptcy

protection. Mot. for Summ. J. [Dkt. 67] at 2 (citing In re Barbranda Walls, Bankr. No. 14-12055

(Bankr. E.D. Va.) (Chapter 7 Pet. filed May 30, 2014)). The petition automatically stayed this

case, but Wells Fargo moved to lift the stay and the Bankruptcy Court granted the motion. In re




3
 Alan Oravec is the Personal Representative of the Estate of Lenoix Wayne Froe and Sarah
McElveen is the Personal Representative of the Estate of Ruth Mayer and the Estate of Katie
Alexander.

                                                 3
Barbranda Walls, Bankr. No. 14-12055 (Order filed Sept. 10, 2014). 4 Ms. Walls obtained a

bankruptcy discharge on September 15, 2014. See Opp’n, Ex. 1 (Bankruptcy Discharge Order).

Wells Fargo now moves for summary judgment. Mot. for Summ. J. [Dkt. 64]; Reply [Dkt. 68].

Ms. Walls opposes. Opp’n [Dkt. 67].

                                     II. LEGAL STANDARD

               Pursuant to Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, summary judgment

shall be granted “if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and

the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a); accord Anderson v.

Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247 (1986). Moreover, summary judgment is properly

granted against a party who Aafter adequate time for discovery and upon motion . . . fails to make

a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party’s case, and on

which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial.@ Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317,

322 (1986). In ruling on a motion for summary judgment, the court must draw all justifiable

inferences in the nonmoving party=s favor. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 255. A nonmoving party,

however, must establish more than “the mere existence of a scintilla of evidence” in support of

its position. Id. at 252. The nonmoving party must point out specific facts showing that there is a

genuine issue for trial. Celotex, 477 U.S. at 324. In addition, the nonmoving party may not rely

solely on allegations or conclusory statements. Greene v. Dalton, 164 F.3d 671, 675 (D.C. Cir.

1999). Rather, the nonmoving party must present specific facts that would enable a reasonable

jury to find in its favor. Id. at 675. If the evidence “is merely colorable, or is not significantly




4
 The Court takes judicial notice of the bankruptcy court proceeding. See Abhe & Svoboda, 508
F.3d at 1059; Settles, 429 F.3d at 1107.

                                                   4
probative, summary judgment may be granted.” Anderson, 477 U.S. at 249-50 (citations

omitted).

                                          III. ANALYSIS

               Ms. Walls has not contested any of the material facts concerning the validity of

the chain of title to the Property. Instead, Ms. Walls focuses on her potential liability in a future

deficiency action and argues that “[b]ecause the Judgment Debt was discharged in Bankruptcy,

[Wells Fargo] cannot hold Defendant Walls liable for any deficiency that may derive[ ] from the

sale of the Property based on any amount she may have owed on the Property pursuant to the

Promissory Note or the Deed of Trust.” Opp’n at 3.

                 Ms. Walls’ claim that she cannot be liable for a deficiency due to the bankruptcy

discharge is not germane to this quiet title case. This case is an in rem action filed against the

Property and is not an in personam action against Ms. Walls as an individual. Wells Fargo seeks

quiet title, not monetary relief. Any claim regarding the effect of the bankruptcy discharge, Ms.

Walls’ liability for a deficiency, or the distribution of foreclosure proceeds can be brought in the

Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, which has exclusive jurisdiction over Ms.

Walls’ bankruptcy estate––except as to the Property, over which this Court has jurisdiction

because the Bankruptcy Court lifted the automatic stay allowing this case to proceed. See

Princess Lida of Thurn & Taxis v. Thompson, 305 U.S. 456, 466 (1939) (proceedings in rem

generally are restricted to the forum that first assumes jurisdiction over the property).

               Because Ms. Walls does not contest the material facts, the facts are conceded.

See LCvR 7(h)(1) (“In determining a motion for summary judgment, the court may assume that

facts identified by the moving party in its statement of material facts are admitted, unless such a

fact is controverted in the statement of genuine issues filed in opposition to the motion.”).

Further, because Ms. Walls does not challenge the legal arguments raised by Wells Fargo, she
                                                  5
has conceded the legal issues. See Hopkins v. Women’s Div., Gen. Bd. Of Global Ministries, 284

F. Supp. 2d 15, 25 (D.D.C. 2003) (“It is well understood in this Circuit that when a plaintiff files

an opposition to a dispositive motion and addresses only certain arguments raised by the

defendant, a court may treat those arguments that the plaintiff failed to address as conceded.”)

aff’d sub nom. Hopkins v. Women’s Div., Gen. Bd. of Global Ministries, United Methodist

Church, 98 F. App’x 8 (D.C. Cir. 2004).

               The doctrine of “after-acquired title” applies here, and it retroactively validates

the entire chain of title flowing from the Tax Sale Deed. This doctrine provides that when a

grantor purports to transfer ownership of real estate when he lacks legal title at the time but

subsequently acquires legal title to the property, the “after-acquired title inures, by operation of

law, to the benefit of the grantee.” See Ackerman v. Abbott, 978 A.2d 1250, 1254 (D.C. 2009).

Thus, to the extent the Tax Sale Deed to Nautilus (Ms. Walls’ predecessor in the chain of title)

was defective, that defect has now been cured via the many consent and default judgments

entered in this case. See Consent Js. [Dkts. 15, 16, 19, 20, 61, 62, 66; Am. Default J. [Dkt. 34];

see also Consent J. [Dkt. 17] (as to D.C. Water and Sewer).

               Ms. Walls concedes that Nautilus transferred the Property to her and that she

executed the Deed of Trust in favor of Wells Fargo as a first-priority lien on the Property.

Answer ¶¶ 10, 12, 13. Because there are no genuine issues of material fact, summary judgment

will be granted in favor of Wells Fargo on Count I, the claim for quiet title.

               Wells Fargo also seeks to dismiss without prejudice Count II, the claim for

restitution. See Notice of Am. Proposed Order [Dkt 71]. Ms. Walls does not object, and thus

Count II will be dismissed.




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                                      IV. CONCLUSION

              For the foregoing reasons, Wells Fargo’s motion for summary judgment [Dkt. 64]

will be granted and its motion for hearing on summary judgment [Dkt. 69] will be denied as

moot. Judgment will be entered in favor of Wells Fargo on Count I, quiet title. Count II,

restitution, will be dismissed without prejudice. A memorializing Order accompanies this

Opinion.



Date: July 23, 2015                                                /s/
                                                    ROSEMARY M. COLLYER
                                                    United States District Judge




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