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 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF TEXAS

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No. 04-0787
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In the Interest of M.C.C., A Child


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On Petition for Review from the
Court of Appeals for the Second District of Texas
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PER CURIAM

            The trial court in this case retroactively applied Texas Family Code section 157.265 to
delinquent child support, reducing the interest owed by the respondent-defendant.  See Act of May
18, 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1491, § 1, R.S., 2001 Tex. Gen. Laws 5294 amended by Act of a May 12,
2005, 79th Leg., ch. 185, R.S., 2005 Tex. Gen. Laws 339 [hereinafter 2001 Tex. Fam. Code
§ 157.265].  The Fort Worth Court of Appeals affirmed.  142 S.W.3d 504, 506.  We hold the
language of the statute, the effective date language, and the statutory scheme, considered together,
require prospective application of 2001 Family Code section 157.265.  Accordingly, we reverse the
court of appeals’ judgment and remand to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this
opinion. 
            Pursuant to a divorce decree, M.C.C.’s father was to make child support payments beginning
in July 1993.  The father failed to make some of the payments and in November 2001 the Attorney
General filed an enforcement motion seeking payment of the delinquent child support together with
the accrued interest.  The action later resulted in an order signed May 16, 2002, which reduced the
unpaid child support to a formal judgment.  
            Before January 2002, the interest on a cumulative money judgment for child support and
arrearages was twelve percent simple interest.  Act of May 6, 1993, 73rd Leg., R.S., ch. 150, §§ 1,
3, 1993 Tex. Gen. Laws 302, 302 (amended 1995, 1999, 2001, & 2005).  In 2001 the Legislature
amended the pertinent statute, Family Code section 157.265, with an effective date of January 1,
2002.  See 2001 Tex. Fam. Code § 157.265.  This amendment reduced the interest on child support
from twelve percent to six percent.  See id.  The effective date language of the 2001 statute stated
that the new interest rate applied to unpaid child support that has not been judicially confirmed and
reduced to judgment.  See id.
            The effective date language provides:
            (a) This Act takes effect January 1, 2002.
(b) The change in law made by this Act applies only to:
(1) a child support payment that becomes due on or after the effective date of this Act; and
(2) unpaid child support that became due before the effective date of this Act and for
which a court has not confirmed the amount of arrearages and rendered a money
judgment.
(c) A money judgment for child support rendered before the effective date of this Act is
governed by the law in effect on the date the judgment was rendered, and the former law is
continued in effect for that purpose.
2001 Tex. Fam. Code § 157.265.  
            The Attorney General and the mother of M.C.C. argue that the 2001 Family Code section
157.265 should be applied prospectively as written.  We agree.  "When interpreting a statutory
provision, a court must ascertain and effectuate the legislative intent."  Tex. Dep't of Protective and
Regulatory Servs. v. Mega Child Care, Inc., 145 S.W.3d 170, 176 (Tex. 2004); see also Tex. Gov't
Code §§ 311.011, 311.021, 311.023, 312.005.  "A statute is presumed to be prospective in its
operation unless expressly made retroactive."  Tex. Gov’t Code  § 311.022; Tex. Const. art. 1,
§ 16 (“No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, retroactive law, or any law impairing the obligation of
contracts, shall be made.”).  Statutes are only applied retroactively if the statutory language indicates
that the Legislature intended that the statute be retroactive.  Merchs. Fast Motor Lines, Inc. v. R.R.
Comm’n, 573 S.W.2d 502, 504 (Tex. 1978); State v. Humble Oil & Ref. Co., 169 S.W.2d 707, 708-09 (Tex. 1943).   
            The Fort Worth Court of Appeals held that the statute applied retroactively under the plain
language of the statute and that applying the statute retroactively did not divest the beneficiary of a
vested right.  142 S.W.3d at 514, 519-20.  However, the three other courts of appeals that have
addressed this issue have all held that this statute is to be applied prospectively.  See In re A.R.J., 97
S.W.3d 833, 834-35 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2003, no pet.) (holding that the plain language of the statute
supports a prospective reading); In re Hurd, No. 07-02-0334-CV, 2003 WL 1961142 at *2-*3 (Tex.
App.—Amarillo, April 28, 2003, no pet.) (holding that, while the plain language of the statute
supports a retroactive reading, the right to the vested interest requires a prospective reading); In re
A.B.L., No. 10-02-267-CV, 2003 WL 21470071 at *1(Tex. App.—Waco, June 25, 2003, no pet.)
(mem. op.) (following In re Hurd and applying the statute prospectively).  
            The 2001 amendment to Texas Family Code section 157.265 does not indicate an intention
by the Legislature to make the statute retroactive.  The effective date language merely states the
amending date and then defines the types of support to which the new six percent rate applies
without any suggestion of retroactive application.  We hold that the effective date language, when
read in its entirety, does not require retroactive application of the interest rate in 2001 Texas Family
Code section 157.265.  
            Accordingly, under the statute, any unpaid child support payments that have not been
judicially confirmed will include twelve percent interest accrued through December 31, 2001. 
Beginning January 1, 2002, the unpaid child support that is not judicially confirmed, including the
twelve percent interest already included in the debt, will start accruing any new interest at the rate
of six percent.  However, any unpaid child support that was judicially confirmed before January 1,
2002, will not start to accrue the six percent interest on January 1, 2002, but will accrue at the rate
set at the time of the trial court’s order.  Because this statute applies prospectively, we do not reach
the issue of whether the beneficiary has a vested right to the interest.   
            Accordingly, without hearing oral argument, we grant the petition for review, reverse the
court of appeals’ judgment and remand to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this
opinion. 
 
OPINION DELIVERED:  January 27, 2006.
 
