                                                               ILE
                                                     COURT OF' APPEALS MI
                                                      STATE OF WASHINGTON

                                                     2018NOV 13 APIII: 33




    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

In the Matter of the Dependency of
                                                 No. 77962-1-1
H.K.F.(DOB: 09/01/2015)

                     Minor child.

MARIAH HERD,
                                                 DIVISION ONE
                     Appellant,

              V.
                                                 UNPUBLISHED OPINION
STATE OF WASHINGTON,
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND
HEALTH SERVICES,
                                                 FILED: November 13, 2018
                     Respondent.

       MANN, A.C.J. — Mariah Herd appeals the trial court's order terminating her

parental rights to her daughter, H.K.F. She contends that the State failed to prove

that all necessary and available services capable of correcting her parental

deficiencies were offered or provided to her. She also challenges the trial court's

findings regarding current parental unfitness and the best interests of the child.

Because substantial evidence supports the trial court's findings, we affirm the

termination order.
No. 77962-1-1/2


                                            FACTS

       On June 3, 2014, Herd's first child, J.F., was born. Both Herd and J.F.

tested positive for heroin and methamphetamines at the hospital, and J.F. was

immediately removed from Herd's care.

       Herd did not attend either the shelter care hearing or the trial on the

dependency petition, and an order of dependency was entered by default. The

order of dependency required Herd to participate in a drug and alcohol evaluation,

random urinalysis testing, mental health counseling, a neuropsychological

evaluation, and parenting classes. Herd was also required to participate in Safe

Babies, Safe Moms, an intensive case management and referral program for

mothers of young children.

        Herd did not comply with any of these services. Department of Social and

Health Services1 social worker Ian Krauter attempted multiple times to engage

Herd in the dependency proceedings. Herd did not return any of Krauter's phone

calls or respond to any of his letters. On one occasion, Krauter went to Herd's

house, but when he identified himself, Herd refused to open the door. On another

occasion, when Krauter and the guardian ad litem visited the house,"the blinds

moved and noises could be heard as if someone was home, but no one answered

the door." The paternal grandmother later told Krauter that Herd and J.F.'s father


       I The entity responsible for child welfare services was subsequently renamed the
Department of Children, Youth, and Families. See RCW 43.216.906.




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were in the bedroom laughing. Herd subsequently moved and changed her phone

number and did not inform Krauter.

        On May 20, 2015, the Department filed a termination petition as to J.F.

Herd relinquished her parental rights to J.F. and he was adopted by a paternal

aunt.

        On September 1, 2015, Herd gave birth to H.K.F. Herd admitted to using

heroin until approximately August 18, 2015, when she entered an inpatient

substance abuse treatment program for pregnant women at Swedish Hospital.

H.K.F. was removed from Herd's care at the hospital.

        As with J.F., Herd did not appear for the trial on the dependency petition for

H.K.F. and an order of dependency was entered by default. The dependency order

required Herd to participate in a drug and alcohol evaluation, random urinalysis

testing, parenting classes, and the Safe Babies, Safe Moms program.

        Krauter sent Herd letters on February 19, 2016, and June 28, 2016,

explaining how she could access the court-ordered services. Krauter also

attempted to schedule appointments with Herd to discuss her services but Herd

did not attend any of the meetings. On August 17, 2016, the Department filed a

petition to terminate Herd's parental rights to H.K.F.

        On April 11, 2017, while the termination trial was pending, Herd entered a

90-day inpatient treatment program at Casa Capri Recovery, a dual-diagnosis

program in California for chemical dependency and mental health treatment. On

May 24, 2017, Herd was referred to Elevation Behavioral Health, another dual-


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No. 77962-1-1/4


diagnosis program in California for "more specific mental health treatment." Dr.

Marisa Sisk, Elevation's clinical director, testified that residents at Elevation are

offered two individual therapy sessions and two group therapy sessions each day,

as well as two neurofeedback sessions each week. Dr. Sisk diagnosed Herd with

severe opiate use disorder, severe methamphetamine dependence, major

depressive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. Dr. Sisk testified Herd "had

a significant mental health component to her drug dependency," and

recommended that Herd engage in intensive outpatient mental health treatment.

       Herd requested to return to Washington in order to be closer to H.K.F. Dr.

Sisk made "pretty intensive efforts. . . to locate a program that fit all of[Herd's]

needs" in Washington. Dr. Sisk also considered Herd's "desire not to return to the

Snohomish County area where she had previously resided as it may trigger or

tempt her to use again."

       On June 26, 2017, Herd was discharged from Elevation to Gates of Grace

Sober Living Home in Vancouver. Dr. Sisk testified that Gates of Grace was "an

intensive outpatient program for dual-diagnosis concerns to continue to address

chemical dependency and mental health."

       Herd left Gates of Grace after approximately two weeks. Herd testified that

it was too difficult to attend visits with H.K.F., who was placed in foster care in

Everett, even though Krauter offered to get Herd Greyhound bus tickets and "a

hotel room for the weekend" to facilitate visitation.




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No. 77962-1-1/5


       On July 20, 2017, Herd entered Evergreen Recovery Centers, a 90-day

transitional housing program offering intensive outpatient substance abuse

treatment. Evergreen staff testified that on-site mental health counseling was

offered at least once a week and that Herd's case manager was available to

transport Herd to any mental health appointments she had in the community. Herd

also began participating in the Safe Babies, Safe Moms program.

       On August 21, 2017, Herd moved to continue the termination trial, citing her

active participation in services. The trial court continued the trial date for six

months, to March 12, 2018.

       Immediately after the hearing, Herd stopped attending all services and did

not respond to any of the attempts by Evergreen or Safe Babies, Safe Moms to

contact her. The guardian ad litem requested the trial court reconsider its decision

to continue the trial. The trial court did so, and trial on the termination petition

began on November 13, 2017. At the time of the trial, H.K.F. was two years old

and had never resided with Herd. After hearing testimony from 12 witnesses and

reviewing 57 exhibits, the trial court entered findings of fact and conclusions of law

and an order terminating Herd's parental rights. Heard appeals.

                                       ANALYSIS

       Parental rights are a fundamental liberty interest protected by the United

States Constitution. Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 753, 102 S. Ct. 1388, 71 L.

Ed. 2d 599 (1982). To terminate the parent-child relationship, the Department




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No. 77962-1-1/6


must prove each of the following six statutory elements by clear, cogent, and

convincing evidence.

      (a) That the child has been found to be a dependent child;

      (b) That the court has entered a dispositional order pursuant to RCW
      13.34.130;

      (c) That the child has been removed or will, at the time of the
      hearing, have been removed from the custody of the parent for a
      period of at least six months pursuant to a finding of dependency;

      (d) That the services ordered under ROW 13.34.136 have been
      expressly and understandably offered or provided and all necessary
      services, reasonably available, capable of correcting the parental
      deficiencies within the foreseeable future have been expressly and
      understandably offered or provided;

      (e) That there is little likelihood that conditions will be remedied so
      that the child can be returned to the parent in the near future ...[; and]

      (f) That the continuation of the parent and child relationship clearly
      diminishes the child's prospects for early integration into a stable and
      permanent home.

ROW 13.34.180(1). In addition, due process requires the trial court to expressly or

impliedly find by clear, cogent, and convincing evidence that the parent is currently

unfit. In re Welfare of A.B., 168 Wn.2d 908, 918-19, 232 P.3d 1104(2010). If all of

these elements are proven, the trial court must also find by a preponderance of the

evidence that termination is in the "best interests" of the child. ROW 13.34.190(1).

       We treat unchallenged findings of fact as verities. In re Interest of J.F., 109

Wn. App. 718, 722, 37 P.3d 1227(2001). Challenged findings will be upheld "[i]f

there is substantial evidence which the lower court could reasonably have found to

be clear, cogent, and convincing." In re Welfare of Aschauer, 93 Wn.2d 689, 695,


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No. 77962-1-1/7


611 P.2d 1245 (1980). Clear, cogent, and convincing evidence exists when the

ultimate fact in issue is shown to be "highly probable." In re Dependency of

T.L.G., 126 Wn. App. 181, 197, 108 P.3d 156 (2005).

       Herd contends that the trial court erred in finding that all necessary services

were offered or provided because the Department did not ensure she was able to

receive mental health services. But Herd does not challenge the trial court's

finding that she was consistently offered or provided mental health services

throughout the dependency proceedings for both J.F. and H.K.F.:

      2.28 Several attempts were made to engage the mother in mental
      health services over the years, but the mother would repeatedly stop
      going before she received a benefit, or would not go at all. Mental
      health services were available through several sources once the
      mother returned to Everett in July 2017. They were available through
      Safe Babies, Safe Moms, Evergreen Recovery Services, and also
      through Compass Health, Sea Mar, and other community providers.

We treat this unchallenged finding as a verity on appeal.

       Nevertheless, Herd argues that the State failed to meet its burden because

she was not offered or provided mental health services after she returned to

Everett. We disagree.

       First, Herd continued to participate in the Safe Babies, Safe Moms program.

Christy Richardson, the program supervisor, testified that Safe Babies, Safe Moms

offered in-house counseling, including dialectical behavioral therapy, moral

reconation therapy(MRT)for trauma victims, and three types of parenting classes.

She also testified that case managers can make referrals for additional mental

health counseling if necessary. Herd testified that she actually had more access to


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No. 77962-1-1/8


mental health services through Safe Babies, Safe Moms than she did at

Elevations:

        [STATE]: And how does that amount of counseling, I guess I'm
        going to call it, compare to the amount of counseling that you were
        getting at the Elevations facility?

        [HERD]: I think it was about the same. Maybe a little more, yeah.

        [STATE]: Which was a little more?

        [HERD]: At Safe Babies, Safe Moms.

In addition, on-site mental health counseling and transportation to community

mental health resources was offered when Herd resided at Evergreen.2

        Herd contends that the Department failed to "expressly and

understandably" provide mental health services because Krauter "did not tell her it

was required for her to gain custody of her daughter."3 But Herd was ordered to

participate in mental health counseling after the shelter care hearing for H.K.F. and

the termination petitions for both J.F. and H.K.F. alleged that one of Herd's

parental deficiencies was "mental health issues." This demonstrates that Herd had


        2 To the extent that Herd argues the Department was responsible for offering or providing
the service to her, the law is clear that the trial court may consider all services that have been
provided to a parent, regardless of the source. In re Dependency of D.A., 124 Wn. App. 644, 652,
102 P.3d 847(2004). Krauter had previously provided Herd referrals to several community mental
health providers, including Compass Health, Catholic Community Services, SeaMar, and Center for
Human Services.
         3 Citing In re Welfare of Hall, 99 Wn.2d 842, 850, 664 P.2d 1245 (1983), Herd argues that
"[a] meaningful offer of services must include more than simply a suggestion that the service would
be a good idea." But in Hall, the Department failed to offer or provide parenting skills training to a
parent and merely suggested that he "take courses or read books on parenting." Hall, 99 Wn.2d at
850. This was not the case here, where Herd was repeatedly and affirmatively offered mental
health services.




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No. 77962-1-1/9


notice that mental health services were critical for reunification. Furthermore, the

record shows that Krauter unambiguously offered mental health services to Herd

at meetings in July 2016, November 2016, and February 2017, and even offered

to have an intern drive Herd to her first appointment. Substantial evidence in the

record supports the trial court's finding that mental health services were "expressly

and understandably" offered or provided to Herd.

       Herd additionally claims that the Department failed to prove by clear,

cogent, and convincing evidence that she was currently unfit. She argues that the

Department failed to demonstrate that she was using drugs at the time of the

termination trial. In the alternative, she argues, the State failed to link her drug use

to an inability to safely care for H.K.F.

       But the State proved by clear, cogent, and convincing evidence the six

elements of RCW 13.34.180(1). "Satisfying all six of the statutory elements raises

an implied finding of parental unfitness." In re Parental Rights to K.M.M., 186

Wn.2d 466, 479, 379 P.3d 75(2016). Moreover, substantial evidence supported

the trial court's finding of current parental unfitness. The day that Herd

successfully obtained a six-month continuance of the termination trial, she abruptly

quit participating in services, stopped visiting with H.K.F., and did not respond to

any attempts to contact her. She admitted that she was living with J.F. and

H.K.F.'s father, who was actively using heroin. Krauter, who had been Herd's

social worker for more than three years, testified that Herd's behavior at the time

of the trial was consistent with a relapse:


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No. 77962-1-1/10


      [STATE]: Was there a difference in your presentation with her versus
      when she was using versus when she was not using?

      [KRAUTER]: Yes.

      [STATE]: What were the differences?

      [KRAUTER]: When she was not using, she would — when she could,
      she'd call me almost on a weekly basis. I didn't document each
      conversation because sometimes it was just a really quick hello, how
      are things going? Just a quick update. I'm still in treatment. This is
      what I'm doing. She would also call me up to make sure if I said I
      was going to do something that I actually did it. She'd actually meet
      with me. She would engage with me. Whereas when she was using,
      often I would have to go track her down. I would not have contact
      with her. She would not be understanding what was going on.


      [STATE]: Do you have concerns that the mother has relapsed?

      [KRAUTER]: Yes.

      [STATE]: And what is that based on?

      [KRAUTER]: It has been the pattern that when she disappears, that
      she has — that she was using. Also, I mean, I didn't know this at the
      time, but now I do know that the father also relapsed around the
      same time as the mom. They testified that they were living together.
      It is very rare that somebody -- when two people live together and
      they have a history of drug use, it's very rare that they're not using.


      [HERD'S ATTORNEY]: But it's also possible that she remains clean
      and sober to this day as she believes — or as she has testified that
      she is?

      [KRAUTER]: It is possible. However, over the history of the cases
      she has relapsed each time she has aborted treatment.

Although Herd testified that she was clean and sober at the time of trial, the trial

court expressly found her explanations for leaving her services and sober housing



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No. 77962-1-1/11


program not credible. We defer to the trier of fact on issues of conflicting

testimony, credibility of the witnesses, and the weight or persuasiveness of the

evidence. In re Welfare of A.W., 182 Wn.2d 689, 711, 344 P.3d 1186 (2015).

       Finally, Herd challenges the trial court's finding that termination was in

H.K.F.'s best interests. Herd argues that the trial court erred in making this finding

because the State failed to prove the six statutory elements of RCW 13.34.180(1)

by clear, cogent, and convincing evidence. Because we conclude that the State

met its burden under RCW 13.34.180(1), the trial court did not err in proceeding to

find that termination was in H.K.F.'s best interests.

       We affirm the trial court's order terminating Herd's parental rights to H.K.F.




                                            '#a-tVeii         •C.T.



WE CONCUR




037),


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