                                              COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


              Present: Judges Frank, Huff and Senior Judge Haley
UNPUBLISHED



              EDWINA M. ROGERS
                                                                                   MEMORANDUM OPINION*
              v.      Record No. 1562-13-4                                              PER CURIAM
                                                                                      JANUARY 28, 2014
              EDWARD M. ROGERS


                                     FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FAIRFAX COUNTY
                                                Jane Marum Roush, Judge

                                (Robert L. Vaughn, Jr.; O’Connor & Vaughn, LLC, on brief), for
                                appellant.

                                (Joseph A. Condo; Ryan M. Witkowski; The Condo Law Group,
                                P.C., on brief), for appellee.


                      Edwina M. Rogers (mother) appeals an order awarding attorney’s fees and sanctions to

              Edward M. Rogers (father). Mother argues that the trial court erred by (1) awarding attorney’s fees

              to father; (2) awarding sanctions to father; and (3) granting affirmative relief to father, “who had not

              requested such relief in any pleading, after the close of evidence, in chambers, and which relief was

              opposed” by mother. Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude that this

              appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. See

              Rule 5A:27.

                                                         BACKGROUND

                      Mother and father have two children. On January 17, 2013, the trial court entered a

              custody and visitation order, which awarded sole legal and physical custody of the minor

              children to father, with specific visitation to mother.


                      *
                          Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
       Pursuant to the order, on February 4, 2013, mother notified father of her summer vacation

dates, which included August 4 through August 18. Mother arranged to take the children to

Hawaii between August 12 and August 17.

       On May 8, 2013, father informed mother that the parties’ son was enrolling in a boarding

school, and orientation was scheduled for August 17. Father asked to pick up the parties’ son

early from his visitation with his mother. The parties could not agree on a date when father

would pick up the child and whether mother would be allowed to have additional time with the

child in order to make up her missed visitation time.

       In June 2013, father filed a “Motion to Direct Transfer of Child” and asked the trial court

to order mother to transfer the child to him on August 15, or August 12, if she intended to take

her previously-planned vacation. Mother filed a response and a motion to enjoin father from

interfering with her visitation rights, or in the alternative, to modify custody. Father filed a

response to mother’s motion to enjoin and argued that it was contrary to the trial court’s ruling in

January 2013.

       On July 18, 2013, the trial court heard evidence and argument on the pending motions. It

granted father’s motion and ordered that mother transfer the child to father on August 12, prior to

her departure for vacation. It denied mother’s motion to modify custody and amended the

visitation schedule to address the child’s attendance at boarding school. It awarded father

$16,039.40 in attorney’s fees and assessed $2,500 in sanctions against mother. The trial court

entered an order memorializing its rulings on July 18, 2013. This appeal followed.




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                                            ANALYSIS

                              Assignment of error 1 - Attorney’s fees

       Mother argues that that the trial court erred in awarding attorney’s fees to father.1

       “‘[A]n award of attorney’s fees is a matter submitted to the trial court’s sound discretion

and is reviewable on appeal only for an abuse of discretion.’” Richardson v. Richardson, 30

Va. App. 341, 351, 516 S.E.2d 726, 731 (1999) (quoting Graves v. Graves, 4 Va. App. 326, 333,

357 S.E.2d 554, 558 (1987)). “[T]he key to a proper award of counsel fees [is] reasonableness

under all of the circumstances revealed by the record.” McGinnis v. McGinnis, 1 Va. App. 272,

277, 338 S.E.2d 159, 162 (1985).

       Father presented evidence that he incurred $16,039.40 in attorney’s fees and costs.

Mother did not object to the admission of the attorney’s fee affidavit.2 Mother had an

opportunity to cross-examine father on the attorney’s fee affidavit, but did not do so. She did not

argue in her closing argument that the fees were unreasonable.

       The hearing on July 18, 2013 occurred because the parties could not agree on the date

when father would resume custody of the parties’ son to take him to boarding school.

Furthermore, mother sought modification of the custody and visitation arrangements as a result

of the change in schools. The trial court granted father’s request for mother to transfer the




       1
         On appeal, mother raises several arguments regarding the attorney’s fees award in her
appeal, which she did not raise at the trial court level. For example, she argues that the trial court
did not examine the fees, namely charges for ten hours for two attorneys to attend a three-hour
hearing and 4.4 hours for a letter to mother’s counsel, which counsel did not receive. Since
mother did not raise these issues below, the Court will not consider these arguments. See Rule
5A:18.
       2
           Mother’s counsel objected to father testifying that the fees were reasonable. However,
the trial court overruled the objection by stating that both parties could testify about the
reasonableness of attorney’s fees. The trial court did not err in allowing father to testify about
the reasonableness of the fees.
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parties’ son prior to her departure for vacation and denied her motion to modify custody. It

further held that mother’s motion to enjoin was “not well-grounded in fact.”

       Considering the record in this case, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in awarding

attorney’s fees and costs to father in the amount of $16,039.40.

                                Assignment of error 2 – Sanctions

       Mother argues that the trial court abused its discretion in awarding $2,500 in sanctions to

father. Mother contends the trial court erred in concluding that her motion to enjoin was “not

well-grounded in fact.”

       “[W]e apply an abuse-of-discretion standard in reviewing a trial court’s award or denial

of a sanction.” Oxenham v. Johnson, 241 Va. 281, 287, 402 S.E.2d 1, 4 (1991).

               In applying that standard, we use an objective standard of
               reasonableness in determining whether a litigant and his attorney,
               after reasonable inquiry, could have formed a reasonable belief that
               the pleading was well grounded in fact, warranted by existing law
               or a good faith argument for the extension, modification, or
               reversal of existing law, and not interposed for an improper
               purpose.

Flippo v. CSC Assocs. III, L.L.C., 262 Va. 48, 65-66, 547 S.E.2d 216, 227 (2001) (citing

Gilmore v. Finn, 259 Va. 448, 466, 527 S.E.2d 426, 435-36 (2000)); see also Ford Motor Co. v.

Benitez, 273 Va. 242, 639 S.E.2d 203 (2007).

       On June 24, 2013, mother filed her “Motion to Enjoin Father from Interfering with

Mother’s Visitation Rights or the in alternative, for Modification of Custody.” In the prayer for

relief of her motion to enjoin, mother requested that father “be enjoined and restrained from

enrolling the parties’ minor son . . . in any school outside the local area which would impact on

the Mother’s rights of visitation.” Alternatively, she requested that the trial court modify the

custody order, so that the parties had joint legal custody and mother had primary physical




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custody of the children. She also asked the trial court to award her decision-making authority

over the children’s schooling.

       Father’s counsel notified mother’s counsel that the motion to enjoin was “groundless”

and recommended that counsel review the trial court’s findings at the January 10, 2013 hearing.

At that January hearing, the trial court specifically stated, “He [father] might want to try to

salvage this boarding school, which was an excellent idea for [the parties’ son]. He [father]

specifically has authority to put [the parties’ son] in a boarding school, if he wants, without

interference from Mrs. Rogers.” Father subsequently filed a response to mother’s motion to

enjoin and attached a copy of the trial court’s January ruling. Mother did not withdraw her

motion to enjoin.

       The trial court did not err in finding that mother’s motion was not “well-grounded in

fact.” Mother’s motion to enjoin father from sending the child to boarding school was filed

approximately six months after the court’s ruling allowing father to do so. The trial court did not

abuse its discretion in awarding sanctions because mother and her counsel could have made a

“reasonable inquiry” and determined that the trial court had previously held that father could

send the child to boarding school.

                                 Assignment of error 3 – Rule 5A:18

       Mother argues that the trial court erred when it granted affirmative relief to father, who

had not requested such relief in a pleading. The final order included the following typed

provision:

                     AND IT IS FURTHER ADJUDGED and ORDERED,
               upon agreement of the parties:

                                 *    *     *     *     *     *     *

                     2. A party who intends to travel outside the Washington
               metropolitan area with the children during his or her custodial time


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               shall inform the party, in writing or e-mail, of the dates and
               intended itinerary of such travel.

(Emphasis added.)

        Father’s counsel prepared the order, and the trial court signed the order in chambers.

Any modifications to the draft order were handwritten, and there were no handwritten changes to

the above provision. Mother’s counsel signed the order after the hearing and noted the following

objections on the order:

               Seen and Exception Noted as to:

               Evidence supported mother’s request to modify visitation – which
               court did, mother’s motion filed in good faith; ct took no evidence
               as to reasonableness of fees, fees are excessive, ct’s decision is
               without basis in fact or law and is punitive in nature.

        Mother did not object to the provision regarding travel outside of the Washington

metropolitan area. She did not file a motion to reconsider. In fact, the order indicates that the

parties agreed to the provision. Therefore, we will not consider mother’s third assignment of

error. See Rule 5A:18; Ohree v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 299, 308, 494 S.E.2d 484, 488

(1998) (We “will not consider an argument on appeal which was not presented to the trial

court.”).

                           Attorney’s fees and costs incurred on appeal

        Father asks this Court to award him attorney’s fees and costs incurred on appeal. See

O’Loughlin v. O’Loughlin, 23 Va. App. 690, 695, 479 S.E.2d 98, 100 (1996). Having reviewed

and considered the entire record in this case, we deny his request for an award of attorney’s fees

and costs incurred on appeal.

                                          CONCLUSION

        For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s ruling is summarily affirmed. Rule 5A:27.

                                                                                          Affirmed.


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