                                              COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


              Present: Judges Beales, Huff and Senior Judge Annunziata
UNPUBLISHED



              BASHIR ALTAMIMI
                                                                                  MEMORANDUM OPINION*
              v.      Record No. 0858-19-4                                            PER CURIAM
                                                                                     OCTOBER 1, 2019
              CITY OF ALEXANDRIA DEPARTMENT
               OF COMMUNITY AND HUMAN SERVICES


                                FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF ALEXANDRIA
                                                James C. Clark, Judge

                                (G. “Rex” Flynn, Jr., on brief), for appellant.

                                (Joanna Anderson, City Attorney; George McAndrews, Senior
                                Assistant City Attorney; Frank G. Aschmann, Guardian ad litem for
                                the minor child, on brief), for appellee.


                      Bashir Altamimi appeals the orders terminating his parental rights and approving the foster

              care goal of adoption for his child. Altamimi argues that the circuit court erred by (1) failing to

              “make the threshold determination” that termination of his parental rights under Code § 16.1-283

              was in the best interests of the child, and therefore, erred in finding that “termination was

              appropriate” and (2) finding that the evidence was sufficient to prove that Altamimi “failed to

              substantially remedy the conditions that brought his son . . . into [foster] care.” He further asserts

              that the circuit court failed to make an independent finding that the child was abused or neglected.

              Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude that this appeal is without

              merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the circuit court. See Rule 5A:27.




                      *
                          Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
                                         BACKGROUND1

       “On appeal from the termination of parental rights, this Court is required to review the

evidence in the light most favorable to the party prevailing in the circuit court.” Yafi v. Stafford

Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 69 Va. App. 539, 550-51 (2018) (quoting Thach v. Arlington Cty. Dep’t of

Human Servs., 63 Va. App. 157, 168 (2014)).

       Altamimi and Stephanie Taylor (mother) are the biological parents to A.A., who is the

subject of this appeal; mother also is the biological mother to N.J. and E.B.2 In 2014, the City of

Alexandria Department of Community and Human Services (the Department) removed

then-ten-year-old N.J. and one-year-old A.A. from mother’s care because of concerns about

domestic violence and substance abuse in the home.3 The children were returned to mother’s

care in June 2015.

       In July 2016, the Department received a report that Altamimi was arrested for violating a

protective order and possessing heroin while A.A. was in his care. A.A. was returned to

mother’s care. The Department provided ongoing services to the family.

       In February 2017, mother called Stephen Beyer, E.B.’s father, for help because she had

taken “too many pills.” After he helped her, Beyer decided to stay and supervise the children.

Mother did not seek immediate medical care.




       1
         The record in this case was sealed. Nevertheless, the appeal necessitates unsealing
relevant portions of the record to resolve the issues appellant has raised. Evidence and factual
findings below that are necessary to address the assignments of error are included in this opinion.
Consequently, “[t]o the extent that this opinion mentions facts found in the sealed record, we
unseal only those specific facts, finding them relevant to the decision in this case. The remainder
of the previously sealed record remains sealed.” Levick v. MacDougall, 294 Va. 283, 288 n.1
(2017).
       2
           Mother’s children have different fathers.
       3
           E.B. was born in November 2016.
                                                 -2-
       In the early morning hours of February 11, 2017, Beyer and mother started arguing, and

Beyer called the police.4 The police observed that mother was “very upset, emotional.” The

police officer who spoke with mother detected an odor of alcohol and noticed that mother’s

speech was slurred.5 Mother told the police that she had taken “too many pills” earlier and

volunteered to go to a hospital for a mental health evaluation. She later admitted to others,

including the Department, that she had tried to overdose because she was having financial

problems and domestic violence issues with Beyer. Mother had a history of drug and alcohol

abuse, as well as mental health problems.6

       After investigating the matter, the Department entered into several safety plans with the

family. On February 22, 2017, the Department conducted a family partnership meeting and

concluded that it was in the children’s best interests to be removed from the home. Mother

suggested that the children be placed with her cousin and her cousin’s boyfriend; the Department

approved the placement.7 At the time of the removal, N.J. was twelve years old; A.A. was three

years old; and E.B. was three months old.

       On February 23, 2017, the Alexandria Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court

(the JDR court) entered preliminary removal orders for N.J., A.A., and E.B. The JDR court also



       4
         A.A. was with Altamimi at the time, even though Altamimi was supposed to have
supervised visitation only.
       5
           Mother denied being intoxicated.
       6
          Mother had attempted suicide when she was twelve and seventeen years old. She
started drinking alcohol when she was thirteen or fourteen years old and had used cocaine,
ecstasy, and opiates as an adult. She developed a liver condition because of her alcohol and drug
use.
       7
         A few months after the children’s placement with mother’s cousin, the cousin informed
the Department that she could no longer care for the children, so the family suggested mother’s
aunt and her husband as a possible placement. The Department placed the children with
mother’s aunt and her husband in mid-July 2017.
                                              -3-
adjudicated the children to be at risk of abuse and neglect. On April 26, 2017, the JDR court

entered dispositional orders, which were not appealed.

       The Department required Altamimi to abstain from alcohol and drugs, complete a mental

health and substance abuse evaluation, follow through with all recommendations, visit with

A.A., and demonstrate the ability to provide appropriate care for A.A. Altamimi completed the

mental health and substance abuse evaluation. Aside from his period of incarceration, Altamimi

also regularly visited with A.A.

       In January and February 2017, Altamimi had participated in an outpatient substance

abuse treatment program for aftercare after having completed a ninety-day residential program;

however, he stopped attending the group meetings, started using drugs again, and eventually was

discharged as non-compliant. On March 29, 2017, Altamimi tested positive for cocaine and

buprenorphine. In April 2017, Altamimi agreed to participate in treatment at a residential center,

but he never reported for detox.8 Between August 2017 and June 2018, Altamimi was

incarcerated for a drug-related offense.

       The Department changed the goal from return home to adoption for A.A. because of “the

lack of confidence in . . . safely returning [A.A.] to his parents.” In July 2017, mother was

hospitalized after she attempted suicide again. In addition to its concerns about mother’s mental

health, the Department had expressed concern about Altamimi’s history of substance abuse and

his lack of consistent treatment, as well as his previous involvement with child protective

services. The Department had explored the possibility of placing A.A. with a paternal relative

who lived in Arizona, but the paternal relative did not complete the process with the Interstate

Compact for the Placement of Children.



       8
       The detox program was a residential program that lasted six to eight months, and
Altamimi expected to be incarcerated before the program would have been completed.
                                              -4-
       On May 22, 2018, the JDR court terminated Altamimi’s parental rights to A.A. and

approved the goal of adoption. Altamimi appealed the matters to the circuit court.9

       On March 1, 2019, the parties appeared before the circuit court. The Department

presented evidence that mother had not been engaged in consistent mental health treatment. The

Department remained concerned that mother “revert[ed] to suicide attempts” when situations

became “very stressful.” Mother had not made any progress in developing coping skills.

Neither mother nor Altamimi had completed any services to address domestic violence.

       Mother testified about her substance abuse and mental health issues. She acknowledged

drinking “heavily” after the children were removed from her care because she was depressed.

She also admitted that she had consumed alcohol while the children were present, but

rationalized that there was another adult available to care for them.

       Mother testified that she was hospitalized on January 13, 2019, for nine days because she

was depressed and had suicidal thoughts. After her hospitalization, mother started seeing a

psychiatrist and therapist and attending group meetings. She stated that she was learning

strategies to deal with pressure and creating a support network. She also was working with

Workforce to find employment.

       Mother admitted that she had not seen the children since May 2018, but had stayed in

contact with them through Facebook and telephone calls. She explained that she was very

depressed and did not want the children to see her in that state. She had recently requested to see

them because she felt that she was “doing better.”

       Altamimi testified about his substance abuse issues. He reported that he had not used

drugs or had any positive drug screens since August 2017. At the time of the circuit court



       9
        The JDR court also terminated mother’s parental rights to N.J., A.A., and E.B. She
appealed the matters to the circuit court.
                                           -5-
hearing, Altamimi was on probation. He was ordered to remain sober and was randomly drug

tested. He attended two drug treatment classes each week and participated in individual therapy

once per month. He worked sixty hours per week at two different jobs.

       Altamimi had had supervised visitation with A.A. once every two weeks since his release

from incarceration. Altamimi had asked for more frequent visitation, but the Department denied

his request.

       The Department requested that the circuit court terminate mother and Altamimi’s

parental rights, which they opposed. After hearing the parties’ closing arguments, the circuit

court terminated Altamimi’s parental rights to A.A. under Code § 16.1-283(B) and (C)(2) and

approved the goal of adoption for A.A.10 This appeal followed.

                                             ANALYSIS

       “On review, ‘[a] trial court is presumed to have thoroughly weighed all the evidence,

considered the statutory requirements, and made its determination based on the child’s best

interests.’” Castillo v. Loudoun Cty. Dep’t of Family Servs., 68 Va. App. 547, 558 (2018)

(quoting Logan v. Fairfax Cty. Dep’t of Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128 (1991)). “Where, as

here, the court hears the evidence ore tenus, its finding is entitled to great weight and will not be

disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Fauquier Cty. Dep’t

of Soc. Servs. v. Ridgeway, 59 Va. App. 185, 190 (2011) (quoting Martin v. Pittsylvania Cty.

Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 3 Va. App. 15, 20 (1986)).

       Altamimi argues that the circuit court failed to make “an explicit finding” that

termination of his parental rights was in the child’s best interests and that the circuit court’s

ruling is “insufficient to support a finding of termination by clear and convincing evidence.” The


       10
          The circuit court also terminated mother’s parental rights to A.A. and approved the
foster care goal of adoption. Mother appealed the circuit court’s rulings. See Taylor v. City of
Alexandria Cmty. & Human Servs., Record No. 0518-19-4.
                                               -6-
circuit court terminated Altamimi’s parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(B) and (C)(2). Code

§ 16.1-283(B) states a parent’s parental rights may be terminated if the court finds by clear and

convincing evidence that termination is in the best interests of the child and that:

                  1. The neglect or abuse suffered by such child presented a serious
                  and substantial threat to his life, health or development; and
                  2. It is not reasonably likely that the conditions which resulted in
                  such neglect or abuse can be substantially corrected or eliminated
                  so as to allow the child’s safe return to his parent or parents within
                  a reasonable period of time. In making this determination, the
                  court shall take into consideration the efforts made to rehabilitate
                  the parent or parents by any public or private social, medical,
                  mental health or other rehabilitative agencies prior to the child’s
                  initial placement in foster care.

        First, we note that the circuit court’s final order included the following finding: “It is in

the child’s best interests that the residual parental rights of the above-named parent be

terminated.” “[A] trial court speaks only through its written orders.” City of Newport News

Dep’t of Soc. Servs. v. Winslow, 40 Va. App. 556, 561 (2003) (quoting Walton v.

Commonwealth, 256 Va. 85, 94 (1998)). Therefore, contrary to Altamimi’s arguments, the

circuit court made “the threshold finding” that termination of parental rights was in the child’s

best interests.

        Second, we find that the circuit court’s ruling from the bench reflected that it considered

the best interests of the child and Altamimi’s ability to care for him. “[S]ubsection B [of Code

§ 16.1-283] ‘speaks prospectively’ and requires the circuit court to make a judgment call on the

parent’s ability, following a finding of neglect or abuse, to substantially remedy the underlying

problems.” Toms v. Hanover Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 257, 270-71 (2005) (quoting

Winslow, 40 Va. App. at 562-63). The circuit court explained that “there are just some folks

who, often through no fault of their own, have so much noise going on in their lives that taking

care of themselves is enough of a challenge without injecting the needs and the care of folks who


                                                   -7-
are otherwise helpless into the picture.” The circuit court concluded “that’s what we have here.”

The Department had been involved with Altamimi and the family since 2014, and he never

demonstrated that he was capable of caring for A.A. By the time of the circuit court hearing, he

still had supervised visitation only with A.A. In addition, Altamimi had a history with domestic

violence, and there was no evidence he had completed the required domestic violence class.

       Moreover, the circuit court found that the parents “have habitually abused intoxicating

drugs and liquors, to the point where it makes it difficult or impossible to care for the children.”

Altamimi had a history of substance abuse. In 2016, he was arrested for possession of heroin

while A.A. was in his care. In 2017, Altamimi did not complete the aftercare portion of his drug

treatment program, started using drugs again, and tested positive for heroin and buprenorphine.

Although Altamimi testified about his current situation, he presented no verification that he was

participating in a substance abuse treatment program and was drug-free. There was no evidence

about his progress. Altamimi had not shown that he could remain sober and was capable of

caring for A.A.

       At the time of the circuit court hearing, A.A. had been in foster care for approximately

two years. The circuit court held that “[w]ith each day that goes by with them not having the

benefit of the stability that we all need to put our lives together, they become one more day of

being disadvantaged.” “It is clearly not in the best interests of a child to spend a lengthy period

of time waiting to find out when, or even if, a parent will be capable of resuming his [or her]

responsibilities.” Tackett v. Arlington Cty. Dep’t of Human Servs., 62 Va. App. 296, 322 (2013)

(quoting Kaywood v. Halifax Cty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 10 Va. App. 535, 540 (1990)).

       Altamimi also argues that the circuit court failed to make an independent finding that the

child was abused or neglected. Altamimi did not appeal the JDR court’s dispositional order,

which followed the earlier adjudicatory order finding that A.A. was at risk of abuse or neglect.

                                                -8-
Code § 16.1-278.2(D) establishes that a dispositional order entered by a juvenile and domestic

relations district court in an abuse or neglect and removal case “is a final order from which an

appeal may be taken” to the circuit court. See also Code § 16.1-296(A) (providing, in pertinent

part, that an appeal of such an order “may be taken to the circuit court within 10 days from the

entry of . . . [such] order”). Since Altamimi did not appeal the JDR court’s dispositional order to

the circuit court, he has waived any argument regarding the finding of abuse or neglect. We also

note that Altamimi did not object to the Department submitting into evidence copies of the

adjudicatory and dispositional orders from the JDR court.

       Furthermore, the court’s final order states that the circuit court found by clear and

convincing evidence that “the neglect or abuse suffered by such child presents a serious and

substantial threat to his or her life, health or development” and that it “is not reasonably likely

that the conditions which resulted in such neglect or abuse can be substantially corrected or

eliminated so as to allow the child’s safe return to his or her parent within a reasonable period of

time.” As noted above, the circuit court “speaks only through its written orders.” Winslow, 40

Va. App. at 561 (quoting Walton, 256 Va. at 94).

       Contrary to Altamimi’s arguments, the circuit court did not err in terminating his parental

rights to A.A. under Code § 16.1-283(B). “When a trial court’s judgment is made on alternative

grounds, we need only consider whether any one of the alternatives is sufficient to sustain the

judgment of the trial court, and if so, we need not address the other grounds.” Kilby v. Culpeper

Cty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 55 Va. App. 106, 108 n.1 (2009); see also Fields v. Dinwiddie Cty.

Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 1, 8 (2005) (the Court affirmed termination of parental rights

under one subsection of Code § 16.1-283 and did not need to address termination of parental

rights pursuant to another subsection). Therefore, we will not consider whether the circuit court

erred in also terminating Altamimi’s parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)(2).

                                                 -9-
                                          CONCLUSION

         For all of the foregoing reasons, the circuit court’s ruling is summarily affirmed. Rule

5A:27.

                                                                                          Affirmed.




                                                - 10 -
