[Cite as State v. Wolfe, 2018-Ohio-124.]


STATE OF OHIO                     )                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                  )ss:               NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF LORAIN                  )

STATE OF OHIO                                        C.A. No.       16CA011027

          Appellee

          v.                                         APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                     ENTERED IN THE
CAMERON J. WOLFE                                     COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                                                     COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO
          Appellant                                  CASE No.   16CR093093

                                  DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: January 16, 2018



          SCHAFER, Judge.

          {¶1}   Defendant-Appellant, Cameron Wolfe, appeals his conviction for reckless

vehicular assault in the Lorain County Court of Common Pleas. For the reasons that follow, we

affirm.

                                                I.

          {¶2}   On December 28, 2015, Wolfe was driving T.K.’s pickup truck with T.K. riding

in the front passenger seat and Dean B. in a rear passenger seat. At approximately 7:05 p.m.,

Wolfe lost control of the vehicle and crashed, severely injuring T.K.

          {¶3}   The Lorain County Grand Jury subsequently indicted Wolfe on the following

charges: (I) vehicular assault in violation of R.C. 2903.08(A)(2)(b), a felony of the third degree;

(II) tampering with evidence in violation of R.C. 2921.12(A)(1), a felony of the third degree;

(III) failing to stop after an accident resulting in serious harm to a person in violation of R.C.

4549.02(A), a fifth degree felony; (IV) receiving stolen property in violation of R.C. 2913.51(A),
                                                2


a first degree misdemeanor; (V) driving under suspension in violation of R.C. 4510.11(A), a first

degree misdemeanor; (VI) willful or wanton disregard of safety on highways, in violation of

R.C. 4511.20(A), a minor misdemeanor; and (VII) operating a vehicle without reasonable control

in violation of R.C. 4511.202(A), a minor misdemeanor.          Wolfe pleaded not guilty at his

arraignment and the matter proceeded through the pretrial process.

       {¶4}    Wolfe eventually withdrew his not guilty pleas as to counts three, five, and seven,

and subsequently entered a plea of guilty to those counts. Wolfe waived his right to a jury trial

and the remaining counts were tried to the bench.

       {¶5}     At the close of the State’s case in chief, the trial court granted Wolfe’s motion

for acquittal as to count four, but denied the motion as to count two. The trial court ultimately

found Wolfe guilty of counts one, two and six and sentenced Wolfe according to law.

       {¶6}    Wolfe filed this timely appeal, raising one assignment of error for our review.

                                                II.

                                      Assignment of Error

       The trial court erred by finding [Wolfe] guilty of reckless vehicular assault
       and willful or wanton disregard for safety on highways.

       {¶7}    In his sole assignment of error, Wolfe contends that his conviction for reckless

vehicular assault was based on insufficient evidence. We disagree.

       {¶8}    A challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence to support a criminal conviction

presents a question of law. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386 (1997). Upon review,

“[t]he relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the

prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime proven

beyond a reasonable doubt.” State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259 (1991), paragraph two of the

syllabus. Although we conduct the review de novo, “we neither resolve evidentiary conflicts nor
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assess the credibility of witnesses, as both are functions reserved for the trier of fact.” State v.

Jones, 1st Dist. Hamilton Nos. C-120570, C-120751, 2013-Ohio-4775, ¶ 33.

       {¶9}    This matter implicates Wolfe’s conviction for vehicular assault. Pursuant to R.C.

2903.08(A)(2)(b), “[n]o person, while operating or participating in the operation of a motor

vehicle * * * shall cause serious physical harm to another person * * * [r]ecklessly.”           R.C.

2901.22(C) states:

       A person acts recklessly when, with heedless indifference to the consequences,
       the person disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the person’s conduct
       is likely to cause a certain result or is likely to be of a certain nature. A person is
       reckless with respect to circumstances when, with heedless indifference to the
       consequences, the person disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that such
       circumstances are likely to exist.

On appeal, Wolfe “does not dispute the facts as presented to the trial court” or that his operation

of a motor vehicle caused serious physical harm to T.K. Rather, Wolfe contends that evidence

was insufficient to show that he acted recklessly in causing T.K.’s injuries and that his actions

amounted to mere negligence. Specifically, Wolfe argues that the evidence only shows that he

drove at an excessive speed and accelerated in an attempt to prevent another vehicle from

passing him in a no passing zone, and that he failed to perceive a risk by accelerating.

       {¶10} Nonetheless, this Court has recognized that “[r]ecklessness may be inferred from

a combination of excessive speed and the surrounding circumstances.” State v. Schmidt, 9th

Dist. Medina No. 10CA0071-M, 2012-Ohio-537, ¶ 9, citing State v. Thomas, 12th Dist. Butler

No. CA93-03-046, 1994 Ohio App. LEXIS 2566, *7 (June 13, 1994).                Contrary to Wolfe’s

assertion that he was merely driving in excess of the speed limit, the evidence in this case shows

that, at the time of the accident, Wolfe was exceeding the speed limit by more than 30 miles per

hour, while traveling on a two-lane road, in the dark, with wet and rainy conditions. Further,

Wolfe was operating the truck with a suspended driver’s license, after consuming
                                               4


alcohol. Considering his grossly excessive speed in combination with these other factors, there

is sufficient evidence to support a finding of recklessness.     See State v. Moore, 2d Dist.

Montgomery No. 22904, 2009-Ohio-3766, ¶ 8 (“A driver’s grossly excessive speed, particularly

when combined with other factors, will support a finding of recklessness.”)

       {¶11} A more detailed review of the testimony at trial shows as follows. Prior to the

accident, Wolfe and a group of people were gathered at T.K.’s house. The group included

Wolfe, T.K., Dean, Trevor S., Justine L., and Cassandra K. T.K. testified that when they left his

house, he stated that he didn’t want to drive because he had been drinking and he “had too much

to lose” and in response, Wolfe stated he would drive because he “ain’t got s**t to lose”.

Although T.K. stated he did not see Wolfe drinking alcohol before agreeing to drive, Cassandra

K. testified that both Wolfe and T.K. were “pretty intoxicated” and that she had seen Wolfe

drinking. Justine testified that although she did not see anyone drinking, both Wolfe and T.K.

smelled of alcohol.

       {¶12} Wolfe, in the truck, along with passengers T.K. and Dean, then led a small

caravan of vehicles. Trevor drove the vehicle directly behind Wolfe with Justine as a passenger

and Cassandra drove the third and final vehicle in line. At trial, Wolfe stipulated that he was

driving with a suspended license at the time of the accident. T.K. testified that prior to the

accident, Wolfe was driving “recklessly” and at a high rate of speed despite dark and rainy

conditions. Cassandra testified that Wolfe and Trevor were driving “pretty fast” and that she

observed their vehicles “kind of jumping hills, jumping the tracks”. Justine also stated that

“everyone” was driving fast and estimated that Trevor was driving 60 miles per hour. Cassandra

described “jumping hills” as “you go up and get momentum, and you don’t hit the top of the hill,

you jump over it”. She further testified that she witnessed Trevor pass Wolfe and then Wolfe
                                                  5


pass Trevor. Cassandra eventually fell behind and estimated that Wolfe and Trevor were driving

“about 80, 90” despite the 50 mile per hour speed limit.

       {¶13} T.K. testified that minutes before the accident a car pulled in front of Wolfe after

he stopped at a stop sign. Wolfe then accelerated and “went past [the car] down in the ditch” on

the left side of the road way. Consequently, T.K. told Wolfe he “better slow down”, but that that

Wolfe continued at a “high rate of speed”. In contrast, Trevor testified that when Wolfe passed

the car, Wolfe “[h]it the grass a little bit and then just went right back into his lane after he

passed the car.” However, Trevor described Wolfe’s driving as “reckless and careless.” Both

T.K. and Trevor stated that in their opinion, Wolfe was driving too fast for the conditions of the

road. Trevor estimated Wolfe was driving about 75 miles per hour. Trevor further testified that

he later considered passing Wolfe, but after turning on his left turn signal and “peeking” around

the truck, he changed his mind and moved back behind the truck. Trevor stated that shortly

thereafter, Wolfe accelerated and between 20 and 30 seconds after that, Wolfe lost control of the

truck. Trevor stated that he believed Wolfe’s speed caused the accident.

       {¶14} When describing the accident, T.K. testified that the truck “hydroplaned”, went

into a ditch, and hit a telephone pole. Trevor testified that he saw the truck start to hydroplane,

then saw the rear end swerve left and it looked like the truck was going to the right and then “it

caught, and as soon as it caught, it just grabbed and went left and went into the ditch.” Justine

testified that she recalled the truck driving straight and then suddenly the bed of the truck swung

right and the rest of the truck to the left and the truck hit a telephone pole on the left side of the

road. Trevor testified that there was “wood flying all over the place,” so he hit the brakes on his

own vehicle and as a result, hydroplaned into the guardrail. Justine also stated that as a result of

the truck hitting the telephone pole, there was “wood flying everywhere” and when Trevor
                                                 6


attempted to slow down, his vehicle slid into a guardrail on the right side of the road. Cassandra

testified that she was pretty far behind Wolfe and Trevor at the time of the accident, but that she

“heard a loud noise” and “saw sparks in the ground”.

       {¶15} T.K. lost consciousness, but testified that when he came to, he was sitting on the

back passenger door window with Wolfe, Dean, and a television on top of him. Although T.K.

vaguely remembered exiting the vehicle, he could not remember many details from after the

accident. Cassandra testified that as she approached the accident she saw Wolfe get out of the

truck and then help T.K. get out of the truck. She further stated that the truck was in a ditch in a

wooded area in front of a bridge and that Trevor’s vehicle went into a guardrail. Cassandra then

left the scene of the accident and took Dean to his mother’s home. Cassandra testified that when

she left, Wolfe was still at the scene of the accident. Justine testified that although she did not

see Wolfe leave the scene of the accident, “one second he was there, one second he was gone.”

       {¶16} Sgt. Hoffman of the Ohio State Highway Patrol testified that he was dispatched to

the scene of the accident. He stated that at the time of the accident, the temperature in the area

was about 40 degrees with moderate rainfall. He stated that it was very dark outside and that the

roads were wet with some areas of pooling. When he arrived at the scene, several emergency

vehicles were already on scene and he observed Trevor’s vehicle crashed head on into the

guardrail. Sgt. Hoffman stated that a Wellington police officer informed him that two occupants

of the crashed truck had fled on foot. He then observed a white pickup truck crashed in a ditch

on its passenger side with the back window shattered.

       {¶17} Sgt. Hoffman subsequently began photographing the crash scene and questioning

people on scene in an attempt to figure out who had been involved in the crash. Emergency

personnel indicated to Sgt. Hoffman that one of the occupants of the truck was inside an
                                                     7


ambulance and about to leave the scene. Sgt. Hoffman spoke to the individual inside the

ambulance, who identified himself as T.K. and identified the driver of the truck as Wolfe. Sgt.

Hoffman next spoke to Trevor, who gave a statement, identifying himself as the driver of the

vehicle that hit the guardrail and Wolfe as the driver of the truck. Sgt. Hoffman further testified

that after speaking to T.K. and Trevor, he, a K-9 officer, and about three other officers searched

for the occupants of the vehicle that had fled the scene on foot, but to no avail. Prior to leaving

the scene of the accident, Sgt. Hoffman received word that Dean had appeared at the Wellington

Police Department to turn himself in with regard to the crash. Sgt. Hoffman testified that he later

spoke to Dean at the police station.

       {¶18} Based on his investigation, Sgt. Hoffman determined that the truck was the first

vehicle in the line of travel, traveling west, and that it crested a hill at a high rate of speed. Sgt.

Hoffman testified that he could not determine speed based on the crash. However, based on the

scene, the damage to the truck and the distance it traveled after going off the road, and the fact

that the truck lost control, he opined that Wolfe was traveling at a high rate of speed when he

crested the hill and that started the crash in motion. He elaborated that “when [Wolfe] crested

that hill at the high rate of speed, he lost traction of the tires. When the traction loss happens, the

truck will start to yaw, or swing in one direction or the other from the back end first.” Sgt.

Hoffman opined with certainty that the truck swayed to the left because the first point of impact

with the utility pole was to the bed of the truck.

       {¶19} Lt. Kinn, a Crash Reconstruction Commander with the Ohio State Highway

Patrol, testified as an expert in the use of the event data recorder. Lt. Kinn testified that an event

data recorder is the “black box” inside a vehicle that records information from inside the car for

the safety of the occupants. In this case, Lt. Kinn analyzed the event data recorder information
                                                8


retrieved from the truck involved in the crash and retrieved a report showing there was a locked

frontal event, a locked side event, a locked rollover event, and a fuel cutoff event. Lt. Kinn

explained that the “locked events” show “deployment level events that would have caused the

airbags to come out.” He also testified that where the crash occurred there is a 55 miles per hour

speed limit, however, the report showed the truck was traveling at 86.2 miles per hour five

seconds before the first recorded “locked event” and that the vehicle was maintaining its speed

rather than accelerating or decelerating. The truck’s speed then decreased incrementally to 62.8

miles per hour before the safety systems were commanded. As the truck’s speed was decreasing,

the report showed that the anti-lock brake system was engaged, suggesting to Lt. Kinn “a hard

brake application” about one second before the first “locked event”. Lt. Kinn estimated the truck

was traveling at 70 to 73 miles per hour when it went off the road. Lt. Kinn further stated that,

based on the data, he did not believe the truck hydroplaned because the truck’s speed remained

consistent and “[h]ad the vehicle hydroplaned, we would have had a wheel spin up, and there

would have been a dramatic jump in those speeds.” Finally, Lt. Kinn stated that in his opinion,

the truck’s speed was excessive and reckless for the wet and dark conditions of the road at the

time of the accident and he was “surprised that there was not a fatal injury sustained * * * due to

the speed that was involved in the crash.”

       {¶20} Trooper Kaess of the Ohio State Highway Patrol testified that he interviewed

Wolfe six days after the accident and that Wolfe made a voluntary written statement regarding

his involvement. In that statement, Wolfe admitted to driving the truck at the time of the crash

and that he did not have a valid license. Wolfe then stated that it was raining and when Trevor

attempted to pass the truck, Wolfe accelerated and then the truck hydroplaned and crashed.

Trooper Kaess further testified that during the interview, he asked Wolfe follow-up questions
                                                 9


related to his statement. Trooper Kaess stated that Wolfe related to him that he had consumed

six to seven Budweiser beers prior to the accident and that consumption had impaired his

judgment.

       {¶21} Accordingly, the evidence in this case shows that at the time of the accident,

Wolfe was: (1) driving with a suspended license; (2) driving after drinking alcohol; and (3)

driving at a rate of speed more than 30 miles per hour over the posted speed limit despite the wet,

dark, and rainy conditions. Upon review of the evidence in a light most favorable to the State,

we conclude that there was sufficient evidence for the trier of fact to find Wolfe’s conduct

reckless. See Schmidt, 2012-Ohio-537 at ¶ 9; see also State v. Gaughan, 9th Dist. Medina No.

08CA0010-M, 2008-Ohio-5528, ¶ 40 (concluding that the State presented sufficient evidence of

recklessness where a defendant admitted to drinking 4-5 beers a few hours before an accident,

admitted to taking his eyes off the road to adjust an iPod, and there was evidence by which a

fact-finder could find the defendant was listening to the iPod through headphones); State v.

Wamsley, 9th Dist. Summit No. 19484, 2000 Ohio App. LEXIS 272, * 8 (Feb. 2, 2000) (finding

sufficient evidence for the jury to conclude that the defendant’s consumption of alcohol, while

not being legally intoxicated, created a situation which was likely to result in an accident); State

v. Murphy, 4th Dist. Ross No. 07CA2953, 2008-Ohio-1744, ¶ 21 (stating that “by driving while

under the influence of alcohol, [the defendant] disregarded a substantial risk that his actions

would injure another.”)

       {¶22} Therefore, Wolfe’s sole assignment of error is overruled.

                                                III.

       {¶23} Wolfe’s assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Lorain County

Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
                                                10


                                                                              Judgment affirmed.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of

this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellant.




                                                     JULIE A. SCHAFER
                                                     FOR THE COURT



HENSAL, P. J.
CARR, J.
CONCUR.


APPEARANCES:

STEPHAN P. HANUDEL, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

DENNIS P. WILL, Prosecuting Attorney, and NATASHA RUIZ GUERRIERI, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.
