                                NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.




                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-2236-18T3

ANGELINA DEL CARMEN,

          Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

MARY ELLEN YORIO and
ANTHONY YORIO,

          Defendants-Respondents,

and

DARREN NELSON,

     Defendant.
___________________________

                    Submitted December 16, 2019 – Decided January 13, 2020

                    Before Judges Messano and Vernoia.

                    On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                    Division, Bergen County, Docket No. L-1929-17.

                    Law Office of Yuriy Prakhin, PC, attorneys for
                    appellant (Nicolas M. Serlin, on the briefs).
            Kirmser, Lamastra, Cunningham & Skinner, attorneys
            for respondents (Peter Kendrick Barber, of counsel and
            on the brief).

PER CURIAM

      While a passenger on an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) driven by Darren

Nelson and owned by defendants Mary Ellen Yorio and Anthony Yorio, plaintiff

Angelina Del Carmen suffered injuries when the ATV rolled onto its side.

Plaintiff appeals from an order granting summary judgment dismissing her

negligence claim against defendants based on the court's determination there is

no evidence defendants granted Nelson express or implied permission to operate

the ATV. Having reviewed the summary judgment record under the applicable

legal principles, we affirm.

                                        I.

      In our review of an order granting summary judgment, we apply the same

standard as the trial court. State v. Perini Corp., 221 N.J. 412, 425 (2015). We

"view the facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, which in

this case is plaintiff." Bauer v. Nesbitt, 198 N.J. 601, 605 n.1 (2009). The facts,




                                                                           A-2236-18T3
                                        2
drawn from the parties' respective Rule 4:46-2 statements of material facts and

viewed in the light most favorable to plaintiff, can be summarized as follows. 1

      Defendants reside in Bergen County and own a home in Pennsylvania.

They gave their nephew, Frank Buettel, permission to stay at their Pennsylvania

home with his girlfriend and another couple during the December 2016 New

Year's Eve weekend. Without defendants' knowledge or permission, Buettel

invited nine friends, including Nelson and plaintiff, to the property. Defendants

were not present during the weekend Buettel used their home, and they do not

know Nelson or plaintiff.

      In March 2016, defendants purchased an ATV for their special needs son

and did not want anyone else to use it because it was new. They stored the ATV

in a windowless garage on their Pennsylvania property and hid the keys to the

garage and ATV in a box on the top shelf of their bedroom in their home on the

property. The locked garage in which defendants stored the ATV is "a couple


1
   We limit our findings of the undisputed facts to those presented in the
statements of material facts submitted to the court in accordance with Rule 4:46-
2(a) and (b), and do not consider or rely on information, evidence, or purported
facts that were not presented to the motion court in accordance with the Rule.
See Kenney v. Meadowview Nursing & Convalescent Ctr., 308 N.J. Super. 565,
573 (App. Div. 1998) (refusing to consider "factual assertions in [the] appeal
that were not properly included in the motion . . . for summary judgment below"
pursuant to Rule 4:46-2).


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                                       3
of hundred yards" from the home. Defendants did not inform Buettel where the

keys to the ATV were located and did not give him permission to use the ATV.

      In some unknown manner, Buettel opened the garage where the ATV was

stored and allowed his guests to use it. 2 Defendants did not expressly authorize

Buettel to enter the garage, operate the ATV, or allow others to do so. Plaintiff

testified she observed Buettel open the garage and use keys to operate the ATV.

Following the accident, Mary Ellen Yorio went to the property and observed

"axe marks on the door by the locks getting into the garage." She also observed

that the ATV was broken, damaged, and would not start.

      Following the accident, plaintiff filed a single count complaint alleging

that her injuries were caused by Nelson's negligent operation of the ATV, and

that defendants were liable because Nelson operated the ATV with their

knowledge and consent.        Nelson did not participate in the trial court

proceedings, and the complaint was dismissed as to him. Defendants filed an

answer to the complaint denying liability for Nelson's alleged negligent

operation of the ATV.




2
   None of the parties deposed Buettel, and the record does not include an
affidavit or certification from Buettel.
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                                       4
      Following the completion of discovery, defendants moved for summary

judgment, arguing they were not liable for plaintiff's injuries because the ATV

was used without their authority or consent. In support of their motion,

defendants presented a statement of material facts, supported by their deposition

testimony and plaintiff's answers to interrogatories and deposition testimony.

Plaintiff did not directly respond to defendants' statement of material facts, and

did not directly dispute defendants' factual assertions. 3      Instead, plaintiff

submitted a separate statement of material facts supported by the parties'

deposition testimony and her answers to interrogatories.

      In a decision from the bench following oral argument, the court applied

Pennsylvania substantive law and noted "the only basis on which [defendants]

could be held liable is if" the ATV was used "with their permission." The court

observed "defendants . . . put forth affirmative proof that they did not give

permission and . . . plaintiff is unable to rebut that," and it determined the only

proof plaintiff offered that defendants gave permission was plaintiff's testimony

she "saw them driving with keys and she saw [Buettel] open the [garage] door."



3
  Plaintiff submitted a statement of material facts in opposition to defendants'
motions, but she did not directly address or refute, as required by Rule 4:46-
2(b), the "material facts" included in defendants' statement of uncontested
material facts.
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      The court noted defendants acted to prevent the use of the ATV by anyone

other than their special needs son for whom the ATV was purchased.

Defendants moved the ATV to a locked garage several hundred yards from the

home on the property.      The court found those undisputed facts were not

"overcome by merely plaintiff's . . . speculat[ion] that [defendants] must have

given [Buettel] permission . . . simply because [Buettel] got into the shed." The

court entered an order granting defendants summary judgment, and this appeal

followed.

                                        II.

      We review a trial court's grant of summary judgment de novo. Cypress

Point Condo. Ass'n v. Adria Towers, LLC, 226 N.J. 403, 414 (2016). Summary

judgment is appropriate where there is no genuine issue of material fact and the

moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. R. 4:46-2(c). The trial

court cannot decide issues of fact but must decide only whether there are any

issues of fact. Brill v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 142 N.J. 520, 540 (1995).

We must "consider whether the competent evidential materials presented, when

viewed in the light most favorable to the non-moving party in consideration of

the applicable evidentiary standard, are sufficient to permit a rational factfinder

to resolve the alleged disputed issue in favor of the non-moving party." Id. at


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                                        6
523. We review issues of law de novo. Kaye v. Rosefielde, 223 N.J. 218, 229

(2015).

      The party opposing summary judgment "must do more than simply show

that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts." Triffin v. Am.

Int'l Group, Inc., 372 N.J. Super. 517, 523-24 (App. Div. 2004) (quoting Big

Apple BMW, Inc. v. BMW of N. Am., Inc., 974 F.2d 1358, 1363 (3d Cir. 1992)).

Indeed, "an opposing party who offers no substantial or material facts in

opposition to the motion cannot complain if the court takes as true the

uncontradicted facts in the movant's papers." Baran v. Clouse Trucking, Inc.,

225 N.J. Super. 230, 234 (App. Div. 1988). "Competent opposition requires

'competent evidential material' beyond mere 'speculation' and 'fanciful

arguments.'" Hoffman v. Asseenontv.com, Inc., 404 N.J. Super. 415, 426 (App.

Div. 2009) (quoting Merchs. Express Money Order Co. v. Sun Nat'l Bank, 374

N.J. Super. 556, 563 (App. Div. 2005)).

      Here, it is undisputed the accident occurred in Pennsylvania, and the

motion court correctly determined that Pennsylvania's substantive law applies.

See generally P.V. ex rel. T.V. v. Camp Jaycee, 197 N.J. 132, 140-41 (2008)

(noting "[t]he rights and liabilities of the parties with respect to an issue in tort




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                                         7
are determined by the local law of the state which, with respect to that issue, has

the most significant relationship to the occurrence and the parties").

      Under Pennsylvania law, when an ATV is operated with the owner's

permission, the owner is liable for injuries caused by the ATV operator's

negligence. More particularly, 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 7729(a) provides:

            Negligence in the use or operation of a snowmobile or
            an ATV is attributable to the owner. Every owner of a
            snowmobile or an ATV used or operated in this
            Commonwealth shall be liable and responsible for
            death or injury to person or damage to property
            resulting from negligence in the use or operation of
            such snowmobile or ATV by any person using or
            operating the snowmobile or ATV with the permission,
            express or implied, of such owner.

            [Emphasis added].

      The legal issue presented by defendants' summary judgment motion is

whether defendants presented evidence establishing that, as a matter of

undisputed fact, Nelson did not operate the ATV with their express or implied

permission. The motion court found the evidence established as a matter of

undisputed fact that defendants did not provide such permission. Based on our

review of the motion record, we agree.

      Defendants' unrefuted statement of material facts asserts they did not

provide Buettel, Nelson, or anyone else with permission to use the ATV. The


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                                         8
assertion is supported by citation to defendants' deposition testimony. See R.

4:46-2(a) (requiring that statements of facts supporting a summary judgment

motion shall be supported by "citation to the portion of the motion record

establishing the fact or demonstrating that it is uncontroverted"). Plaintiff did

not dispute the assertion directly as required by Rule 4:46-2(b). Indeed, she

failed to "file a responding statement either admitting or disputing each of the

facts in . . . [defendants'] statement."   R. 4:46-2(b).   Moreover, plaintiff's

statement of material facts does not assert defendants gave permission to anyone

to use the ATV and is bereft of any evidence defendants provided permission

for anyone's use of the ATV. See ibid. (requiring that a statement of material

facts submitted by a party opposing a summary judgment motion shall be

supported by "citations to the motion record"). Thus, the undisputed facts before

the motion court established defendants did not provide Buettel, Nelson, or

anyone else permission to use or operate the ATV. See ibid. (providing that a

moving party's statement of material facts submitted in accordance with R. 4:46-

2(a) "will be deemed admitted . . . unless specifically disputed by citation

conforming to the requirements of [the Rule] demonstrating the existence of a

genuine issue as to the fact").




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                                       9
      Despite the absence of any affirmative evidence defendants gave anyone

permission to operate the ATV and defendants' unrefuted assertions they took

steps to prevent anyone's use of the ATV, plaintiff argues there is a genuine

issue of material fact as to whether such permission was either expressly or

implicitly granted. Plaintiff claims the evidence showing Buettel gained access

to the locked garage and Nelson operated the ATV with keys creates an

inference defendants granted permission for their use of the ATV. Plaintiff's

claim ignores defendants' factual assertions—that plaintiff opted not to refute as

required by Rule 4:46-2(b)—establishing they did not give anyone permission

to operate the ATV and they hid the keys to prevent its use by anyone. Plaintiff's

claim is untethered to any record evidence contradicting defendants' assertions,

is founded on nothing more than speculation, and does not support a finding

there is a genuine issue of material fact as to whether defendants granted

permission to use the ATV. See Hoffman, 404 N.J. Super. at 426.

      Plaintiff's statement of material facts establishes Buettel gained access to

the ATV and Nelson operated it, but it does establish the permission essential to

their claim. Plaintiff's statement also does not raise a genuine issue of material

fact as to whether defendants granted Buettel or Nelson permission to use the

ATV. Again, defendants' statement of material facts establishes defendants did


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                                       10
not grant permission to use the ATV, and that they took affirmative steps to

prevent its use by locking the ATV in a remote garage and secreting the keys to

the garage and ATV in a box in their bedroom closet. Those facts, which

plaintiff did not dispute in accordance with Rule 4:46-2, do not permit a

reasonable factfinder to conclude defendants granted express or implied consent

to use the ATV. The court correctly determined that there were no genuine

issues of material fact, and that defendants were entitled to judgment as a matter

of law under 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 7729(a).        Liability under the statute is

contingent upon the owner having granted permission to use an ATV, and the

undisputed facts establish no permission was granted.

      We are not persuaded by plaintiff's reliance on a series of Pennsylvania

cases applying, in a variety of contexts, a presumption that automobile owners

are liable for the negligent operation of their vehicles by others. See Provident

Tradesmens Bank & Tr. Co. v. Lumbermens Mut. Cas. Co., 218 F. Supp. 802,

804 (E.D.Pa. 1963) (finding a presumption under Pennsylvania law that the

operator of an automobile does so with the owner's permission in the absence of

credible testimony rebutting the presumption); Exner v. Safeco Ins. Co., 402 Pa.

473, 477 (Pa. 1961) (determining that when a plaintiff proves ownership of an

automobile by one party and its operation by a second party, there is a


                                                                          A-2236-18T3
                                       11
presumption the owner has granted permission to the operator that may be

overcome by evidence rebutting the presumption); Commw. v. DeSanzo, 40 Pa.

D. & C.2d 157, 159 (Pa. C.P. 1966) ("where it is shown that a person other than

the operator is the owner of an automobile, a presumption arises that the operator

was driving the vehicle with permission of the owner; that if the owner fails to

introduce credible evidence negating such permission, then the issue is decided

against him as a matter of law").

      None of the cases interprets 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. § 7729(a), which the parties

agree is applicable here. By its plain and unambiguous language, the statute

imposes liability on an ATV owner for the negligent operation of an ATV only

when it is operated with the owner's express or implied permission. The only

issue presented to the motion court was whether there was a genuine issue of

material fact as to whether such permission was given. It found, and we agree,

that even giving plaintiff the benefit of all reasonable inferences, the undisputed

facts establish that no such permission was given by defendants, and that, as a

result, they were entitled to judgment as a matter of law.

      Affirmed.




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