[Cite as Sheerer v. Billak, 2017-Ohio-1556.]


                 Court of Appeals of Ohio
                                EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                   COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA



                               JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
                                       No. 104879



                                   NATALIE SHEERER

                                                        PETITIONER-APPELLEE

                                                  vs.

                                       SCOTT BILLAK
                                                        RESPONDENT-APPELLANT




                                               JUDGMENT:
                                                AFFIRMED


                                      Civil Appeal from the
                             Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                                    Case No. CV-16-863037

        BEFORE: McCormack, P.J., E.T. Gallagher, J., and S. Gallagher, J.

        RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED:                       April 27, 2017
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT

Seneca Konturas
Law Offices of Seneca Konturas, L.L.C.
125 S. Water Street, Suite 3/4
Kent, OH 44240


ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE

Dustin N. Smith
Bartos & Bartos, L.P.A.
20220 Center Ridge Rd., Suite 320
Rocky River, OH 44116
TIM McCORMACK, P.J.:

          {¶1}         Respondent-appellant Scott Billak appeals from the trial court’s

denial of the parties’ joint motion to modify or dismiss the court’s order of a civil stalking

protection order (“CSPO”) issued under R.C. 2903.214. For the following reasons, we

affirm.

          {¶2} On May 10, 2016, petitioner-appellee Natalie Sheerer filed a petition for a

CSPO against Billak, her ex-boyfriend. Following an ex parte hearing, the trial court

issued an order of protection, effective until June 8, 2016.      The court scheduled a full

hearing for May 23, 2016.       At Sheerer’s request, however, the hearing was continued

until May 31, 2016, in order for the parties to reach an agreement on the protection order.

 The hearing was continued once again, this time upon the parties’ mutual request, in an

effort to reach a settlement on the matter.

          {¶3} On June 8, 2016, Sheerer appeared in court for the full hearing and

presented the court with an agreed entry for a “no-contact” order for a period of five

years.     Neither Billak nor his attorney appeared.   Sheerer requested the trial court adopt

the agreement in place of the CSPO.      The court declined to do so, stating that the agreed

no-contact order placed reciprocal obligations upon the petitioner and the respondent, and

because there was no petition filed against Sheerer, the court lacked jurisdiction to impose

any restrictions on Sheerer.

          {¶4} The trial court noted on the record that Billak’s counsel had not entered an

appearance on the matter and neither Billak nor his attorney was present.      The court then
permitted Sheerer’s counsel to phone Billak’s counsel.          Counsel contacted Billak’s

attorney on the telephone.     The attorney acknowledged his representation of Billak,

and he indicated he had nothing to add to the matter.        Because the court declined to

accept the parties’ agreed entry and the ex parte protection order would expire that same

day, Sheerer elected to proceed with the full hearing.

       {¶5} The court then conducted a full hearing on the CSPO, hearing the

petitioner’s testimony, and it found that Billak had engaged in conduct that includes

menacing by stalking and that this conduct has caused Sheerer mental distress.

Thereafter, the court made its findings of facts and issued a protection order for five

years, expiring in May 2021.

       {¶6} Following the issuance of the protection order, Billak retained new counsel.

 With the assistance of new counsel, the parties drafted a revised no-contact order,

eliminating the “reciprocal” obligations to which the trial court had initially objected.

On August 4, 2016, the parties filed a joint motion under Civ.R. 60(B) to modify or

terminate the court’s order of protection issued on June 8, 2016. In their motion, the

parties requested that the court dismiss the CSPO and adopt the proposed agreed entry for

no-contact order, stating that the entry reflects the joint intentions of both Sheerer and

Billak and their desire to settle the matter upon the terms of the agreed entry.

       {¶7} The trial court denied the parties’ joint motion, finding the motion not well

taken under Civ.R. 60(B). Based upon “the evidence submitted at the full hearing on
[the] matter, the court’s prior findings, and the joint request to modify the order of this

court,” the court ordered that the CSPO entered in June 2016 remain in effect until 2021.

       {¶8} Respondent Billak now appeals from the trial court’s decision, claiming the

court erred “when it failed to grant petitioner-respondent’s joint motion to modify a prior

court order granting a civil stalking protection order and replace it with an agreed entry of

no contact order.”   Petitioner-appellee Sheerer has not filed a brief on appeal.

       {¶9} Billak contends that under Civ.R. 60(B), he is entitled to relief from

judgment.   Civ.R. 60(B) delineates various reasons a trial court may relieve a party from

a final judgment, order, or proceeding:

       (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect; (2) newly
       discovered evidence which by due diligence could not have been discovered
       in time to move for a new trial under Rule 59(B); (3) fraud * * *,
       misrepresentation, or other misconduct of an adverse party; (4) the
       judgment has been satisfied, released or discharged, or a prior judgment
       upon which it is based has been reversed or otherwise vacated, or it is no
       longer equitable that the judgment should have prospective application; or
       (5) any other reason justifying relief from the judgment.

Specifically, Billak claims that he is entitled to relief under Civ.R. 60(B)(1), (4), and/or

(5).

       {¶10} In order to prevail on a motion for relief from judgment under Civ.R. 60(B),

the moving party must establish that:     (1) the party has a meritorious defense or claim to

present if relief is granted; (2) the party is entitled to relief under one of the grounds

stated in Civ.R. 60(B)(1) through (5); and (3) the motion is made within a reasonable

time. GTE Automatic Elec., Inc. v. ARC Industries, Inc., 47 Ohio St.2d 146, 351 N.E.2d

113 (1976), paragraph two of the syllabus.     Failure to prove any of the three elements is
fatal to the motion because the elements are “independent and in the conjunctive, not the

disjunctive.” Id. at 151.

       {¶11} Billak also contends that he is entitled to relief through the court’s authority

to modify or vacate the civil stalking protection order.         Where the moving party

demonstrates that the original circumstances have materially changed and it is no longer

equitable for the order to continue, a trial court may modify or vacate a CSPO. Cipriani

v. Ehlert, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103767, 2016-Ohio-5840, ¶ 7; Jones v. Hunter, 11th

Dist. Portage No. 2008-P-0015, 2009-Ohio-917, ¶ 12 (stating that although there is no

section of R.C. 2903.214 that provides for a modification of a CSPO, a trial court may

review an order made under this statute); Prostejovsky v. Prostejovsky, 5th Dist. Ashland

No. 06-COA-033, 2007-Ohio-5743, ¶ 26 (likening a CSPO to a permanent injunction).

As the Fifth District in Prostejovsky explained, “‘the court cannot be required to disregard

significant changes in law or facts if it is “satisfied that what it has been doing has been

turned through changing circumstances into an instrument of wrong.”’”           Id. at ¶ 25,

quoting System Fedn. No. 91, Ry. Emp. Dept. v. Wright, 364 U.S. 642, 647, 81 S.Ct. 368,

5 L.Ed.2d 349 (1961), quoting United States v. Swift & Co., 286 U.S. 106, 114-115, 52

S.Ct. 460, 76 L.Ed. 999 (1932).

       {¶12} We review appeals from the denial of a motion for relief from judgment

under Civ.R. 60(B) for an abuse of discretion. Syed v. Poulos, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos.

103137 and 103499, 2016-Ohio-3168, ¶ 38. Likewise, we review a trial court’s decision

whether or not to terminate a protection order issued under R.C. 2903.214 for an abuse of
discretion.   Delaine v. Smith, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103860, 2016-Ohio-5250;

Hayberg v. Tamburello, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2013AP0011, 2013-Ohio-3451, ¶ 25.

The term “abuse of discretion” implies that the court’s attitude was unreasonable,

arbitrary, or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450

N.E.2d 1140 (1983).

       {¶13} Here, the trial court based its decision to deny relief from the protection

order, or deny the motion to modify or terminate the order, upon the evidence submitted

at the full hearing, which consisted of the petitioner’s testimony. R.C. 2903.14 governs

the issuance of a civil stalking protection order and provides that the court may issue a

protection order to protect a victim of menacing by stalking. R.C. 2903.211, entitled

“menacing by stalking,” provides that

       [n]o person by engaging in a pattern of conduct shall knowingly cause
       another person to believe that the offender will cause physical harm to the
       other person or a family or household member of the other person or cause
       mental distress to the other person or a family or household member of the
       other person.

R.C. 2903.211(A)(1).

       {¶14} A “pattern of conduct” is “two or more actions or incidents closely related in

time[.]”   R.C. 2903.211(D)(1).    A perpetrator acts “knowingly” when he is aware his

conduct will probably cause a certain result. R.C. 2901.22(B). “Mental distress” is

defined as any mental illness or condition that either causes temporary substantial

incapacity or would require treatment by a mental health professional or other mental

health services, whether or not help was actually sought. R.C. 2903.211(D)(2).
       {¶15} At the full protection order hearing, Sheerer testified that she and Billak had

been dating.   After the relationship ended, Billak began texting and calling daily and he

appeared at her residence uninvited on three occasions.          He presumably followed

another tenant in the building and made his way to her apartment.         On one of these

occasions, he was extremely intoxicated.         Billak also appeared at her place of

employment on two occasions, waiting for her in the parking lot.       The second time he

appeared at Sheerer’s work place, Billak attempted to block Sheerer from entering her

vehicle.   Sheerer testified that Billak continued to contact her after she obtained legal

counsel, who requested that Billak no longer contact Sheerer.

       {¶16} Sheerer also testified that she had been seeking mental health treatment

while she was dating Billak and Billak was aware of her treatment.      Sheerer stated that

she felt “somewhat” threatened and intimidated by Billak, knowing he has a “fiery temper

and owns firearms.”     On one occasion, during an argument with Billak, he, in fact,

produced a gun. She began to feel “slightly paranoid about [her] surroundings, being

worried that [Billak] may show up” at her residence or work, noting that the two of them

worked near each other.   When she noticed him following her in the past, she would take

a different route home or drive by the police station near her home.        She ultimately

moved her residence, because she worried that Billak would continue to follow her home.

Finally, Sheerer testified that she continued to seek mental health treatment because of

Billak’s conduct, stating that her anxiety from which she suffered had worsened.
       {¶17} Billak did not appear at the full hearing upon the advice of counsel. Billak

stated in the joint motion for relief that he believed the court would adopt the parties’

proposed settlement agreement.

       {¶18} Following Sheerer’s testimony, the trial court concluded that the evidence

established Billak engaged in conduct that included menacing by stalking as defined

above and this behavior caused Sheerer mental distress “for which she is under medical

treatment and in fear.”   The court also determined that the protection order is “equitable,

fair, and necessary to protect [the petitioner] from the stalking offense.”

       {¶19} Under the circumstances, and in light of the deferential standard of review,

we cannot find that the trial court abused its discretion in denying the parties’ joint motion

to modify or terminate the civil stalking protection order.      The court relied upon the

evidence and findings made during the full protection order hearing in June, and it

determined that Sheerer’s testimony established all of the elements of menacing by

stalking.   The trial court was free to consider this evidence in making its determination.

See Delaine, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103860, 2016-Ohio-5250, at ¶ 23 (finding that

because a hearing is not required on a request to terminate, it was free to rely on evidence

and findings established at the full protection hearing); Jones, 11th Dist. Portage No.

2008-P-0015, 2009-Ohio-917, at ¶ 15 (stating that the trial court could not properly

evaluate whether or not the original circumstances have materially changed without

considering the respondent’s conduct that gave rise to the issuance of the CSPO). In

denying the motion, the trial court implicitly determined that the parties failed to establish
any grounds for relief under Civ.R. 60(B), there was no material change in the original

circumstances that caused the order to be issued, and prospective application of the

protection order would not be inequitable. The trial court’s decision was supported by

the evidence obtained at the hearing on the full protection order and therefore not

unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable.

       {¶20} Billak’s sole assignment of error is overruled, and the judgment of the trial

court is affirmed.

       It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant costs herein taxed.

       The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common

pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.

       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of

the Rules of Appellate Procedure.


________________________________________
TIM McCORMACK, PRESIDING JUDGE

EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J., CONCURS;
SEAN C. GALLAGHER, J., DISSENTS (WITH SEPARATE OPINION ATTACHED)




SEAN C. GALLAGHER, J., DISSENTING:

       {¶21} I respectfully dissent.   The parties in this case approached the trial court

with a consent agreement before the full hearing on the civil stalking protection order.
Parties should always be encouraged to work out their differences before requiring a trial

court’s intervention.    The parties attempted to consent to an agreement that would

accomplish the goals of any protection order but without the drain on court resources.

R.C. 2903.214 does not use the terms “protection order” and “consent agreement”

interchangeably.   R.C. 2903.214(J).     Division (E) precludes a court from issuing a

“protection order” that requires reciprocal burdens but is otherwise silent as to consent

agreements entered under the section.     Thus, R.C. 2903.214(E) does not preclude parties

from entering a consent judgment that involves reciprocal burdens.              Even if we

considered the terms synonymous and if the parties’ agreement to reciprocal burdens may

not be authorized by statute, the statutory preclusion is not jurisdictional. Parties are

free to waive a statutory right by contract. Sanitary Commercial Servs., Inc. v. Shank,

57 Ohio St.3d 178, 180, 566 N.E.2d 1215 (1991). Nevertheless, the protection order

was not timely appealed.

       {¶22} In a continuing effort to receive that which was requested, the petitioner and

respondent filed a joint motion to modify the protection order (or in the alternative a

motion under Civ.R. 60(B)) and offered a consent judgment in its place. The trial court

once again denied that request under the auspices of Civ.R. 60(B), claiming that our

decision in Delaine v. Smith, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103860, 2016-Ohio-5250,

demanded as much.       In this case, both parties agreed that Civ.R. 60(B)(4) or (5) applied

or, in the alternative, that the trial court had jurisdiction to modify the protection order

independent of a Civ.R. 60(B) motion. I agree with the parties.
       {¶23} Reliance on Delaine for the proposition that Civ.R. 60(B) is applicable to

motions to modify protection orders is misplaced.             Delaine held that no hearing is

required on a motion to terminate a protection order filed four years after the protection

order was issued.         The facts of this case are different and warrant different

considerations, but of note was the fact that the respondent in Delaine filed a motion to

terminate the protection order and not a motion for relief from a final judgment under

Civ.R. 60(B).     The trial court did not determine whether the protection order could be

modified; its sole consideration was the requirements of Civ.R. 60(B), which are not

applicable in light of the trial court’s continuing jurisdiction to consider modification of

the protection order. 1       The trial court thus erred in applying the Civ.R. 60(B)

requirements to the motion to modify the protection order.

       {¶24} I would reverse the trial court’s decision and remand for further

proceedings.




         It should also be noted that although R.C. 2903.214 does not expressly provide for
       1


modification of an order, division (J) does provide that no court may charge a petitioner any fee and
the respondent may be assessed court costs in the connection with the modification of the protection
order or consent agreement and Civ.R. 65.1 expressly provides for service of a motion for
modification.
