[Cite as State v. Hill, 2018-Ohio-3901.]


                                         COURT OF APPEALS
                                        STARK COUNTY, OHIO
                                     FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT


STATE OF OHIO,                                :       JUDGES:
                                              :       Hon. John W. Wise, P.J.
        Plaintiff - Appellee                  :       Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
                                              :       Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
-vs-                                          :
                                              :
FREDERICK MARK HILL,                          :       Case No. 2017CA00183
                                              :
        Defendant - Appellant                 :       OPINION



CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                              Appeal from the Stark County Court
                                                      of Common Pleas, Case No. 2017-
                                                      CR-0700




JUDGMENT:                                             Affirmed



DATE OF JUDGMENT:                                     September 24, 2018



APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee                                For Defendant-Appellant

JOHN D. FERRERO                                       GEORGE URBAN
Prosecuting Attorney                                  116 Cleveland Ave NW, Suite 808
                                                      Canton, Ohio 44702
By: KATHLEEN O. TATARSKY
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney
Appellate Section
110 Central Plaza South, Suite 510
Canton, Ohio 44702-1413
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                   2

Baldwin, J.

       {¶1}   Defendant-appellant Frederick Hill appeals his conviction and sentence

from the Stark County Court of Common Pleas. Plaintiff-appellee is the State of Ohio.

                       STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE

       {¶2}   On April 21, 2017, the Stark County Grand Jury indicted appellant on one

count (Count One) of felonious assault in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(2), a felony of the

first degree, one count (Count Two) of possession of marijuana in violation of R.C.

2925.11(A)(C)(3)(g), a felony of the second degree, one count (Count Three) of illegal

cultivation of marijuana in violation of R.C. 2925.04(A)(C)(5)(f), a felony of the second

degree, one count (Count Four)          of trafficking in marijuana in violation of R.C.

2925.03(A)(2)(C)(3)(g), a felony of the second degree, one count (Count Five) of

discharge of a firearm on or near prohibited premises in violation of R.C.

2923.162(A)(3)(C)(2), a felony of the third degree, and one count            (Count Six) of

improperly handling firearms in a motor vehicle in violation of R.C. 2923.16(A) and/or (B),

a felony of the fourth degree. The felonious assault count included a firearm specification

pursuant to R.C. 2941.145 , a discharging a firearm from a motor vehicle specification

pursuant to R.C. 2941.146 and a firearm specification pursuant to R.C. 2941.1412, which

prohibits discharging a firearm at a peace officer or corrections officer. At his arraignment

on April 28, 2017, appellant entered a plea of not guilty to the charges.

       {¶3}   Thereafter, a jury trial commenced on August 29, 2017. The following

testimony was adduced at the trial.

       {¶4}   On March 20, 2017, Detective Jesse Gambs of the Canton Police

Department’s Special Investigations Unit was assigned to investigate a possible
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                  3


marijuana grow operation located in a commercial warehouse at 1805 Allen Avenue SE

in Canton, Ohio. He testified that he began his investigation by obtaining the electric

records for that location for the past two years since growing marijuana takes a lot of

electricity. The electric bill was in the name of Price is Right Auto Sales, LLC which was

registered in the name of Frederick M. Hill of Barberton, Ohio. Detective Gambs testified

that he next obtained a search warrant for a thermal imaging of the building. The result

was inconclusive. Detective Gambs and another detective knocked on the doors at the

property on April 12, 2017. No one answered, but they heard a dog inside. Detective

Gambs testified that upon approaching the door on the southwest side, he could detect

the smell of growing marijuana.

       {¶5}   After obtaining a search warrant for the location, on April 12, 2017 at

approximately 3:00 p.m., the Detective along with other officers forced entry into the

building after no one responded to knocking on the door. No one was present in the

building but the officers located a pit bull type of dog. They were able to corral the dog

into an office room and then called the Humane Society. The officers then began

searching and inventorying the contents of the building and were at the warehouse for

over seven hours. They located a marijuana growing operation inside the building that

included plants as tall as six feet tall as well as smaller plants in the earlier stages of

development. The officers also located fans, air conditioning units, fluorescent lights,

discarded empty bottles, gloves, a drying rack hanging from the ceiling with marijuana

hanging on it, and chemicals used in a marijuana grow operation. The warehouse also

contained a FoodSaver machine allegedly used in packaging the drugs.
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                   4


       {¶6}   The officers collected a total of seventeen trash bags of marijuana totaling

over 62,000 grams. They also collected the bottles and gloves and sent them for DNA

testing.

       {¶7}   After the officers finished their search, they left a copy of the inventory and

search warrant on a table inside the main room. They also left a note asking appellant to

call Detective Gambs. The note was left on a door of one of the grow rooms inside the

building. The note said “[S]orry we missed you. Can’t wait to meet in person, Please call

me” with the number of the office phone. Trial Transcript at 244.

       {¶8}   Deputy Sheriff Jarrod Blanc of the Stark County Sheriff’s Department

worked out at the gym located next door to the grow operation. He testified that he was

contacted by Detective Gambs about the possible grow operation and had conducted the

thermal imaging scan of the building as part of the investigation. He testified that he used

the gym about four times a week at approximately 6:30 a.m. or 7:30 a.m. and that he had

seen an orange Dodge Ram parked in front of the warehouse on one occasion.

       {¶9}     Deputy Blanc testified that, on April 12, 2017, he went to the gym after

work and that, before going to the gym, he was aware that a search warrant was being

executed at 1805 Allen because Detective Gambs had told him that they were in the

process of obtaining a search warrant.        Deputy Blanc testified that he spoke with

Detective Gambs and other officers on the scene for about two minutes and then returned

to the gym to work out. When he was leaving the gym at approxiamley 10:45 p.m. in a

spare van belonging to the Metro unit that was not a police vehicle and had no identifying

markings, lights or sirens, he noticed the orange Dodge Ram parked near the southwest

corner of the building. At the time he was wearing his gym shorts. The front driver’s door
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                  5


was open and the headlights were on. As he continued driving northbound on Allen

Avenue, Deputy Blanc sent Detective Gambs a text message alerting him that he had

seen the Dodge Ram at the building and was going to conduct surveillance. Deputy Blanc

parked in a parking lot a quarter mile away so that he could observe the Dodge Ram. At

the time, his firearm was in his duffel bag behind the seat. Deputy Blanc testified that the

Dodge Ram drove right past him and stopped. A white male then exited the Dodge Ram

holding a firearm.

       {¶10} Deputy Blanc testified that he was not able to reach his firearm and decided

to drive away from the area and drove south on Allen Avenue. He testified that the Dodge

Ram started following him down Allen Avenue and that when he pulled out onto Cleveland

Avenue, the vehicle pulled up beside him. Blanc testified that he slammed on his brakes

and heard three gunshots coming from the Dodge Ram as it went past him. He then

turned into a Taco Bell lot to retrieve his gun and the Dodge Ram continued past him

north on Cleveland Avenue. According to Deputy Blanc, an individual who was waiting in

the Taco Bell line told him that the Dodge Ram turned around southbound and followed

him. He then called for back-up assistance. Deputy Blanc next retrieved his firearm and

credentials and sat inside the van in the Taco Bell parking lot waiting for the suspect to

come around the corner and waiting for Canton police officers to arrive as back-up. The

Dodge Ram fled. During the incident, Deputy Blanc was on the phone with Detective

Gambs telling him where he was at. Once back-up arrived and he got out of his vehicle,

Deputy Blanc noticed that a bullet had struck the B pillar, which is directly behind the

driver’s shoulder, and the back pillar of the vehicle, which is also on the driver’s side.

There was testimony at trial that two “ballistic impacts” were found on the van.
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                      6


       {¶11} After the shooting, appellant drove the Dodge Ram to Canal Fulton, Ohio

where he abandoned it at Skipco Auto Auctions. Appellant’s stepson, who he had called,

picked him up and dropped him off at appellant’s home in Barberton, Ohio. Two cartridge

casings were located on the driver’s seat of the Dodge Ram and an unspent bullet (a .380

caliber Hornaday) was on the driver’s side door. Thereafter, on April 25, 2017,

landscapers found two pistols on Mill Avenue. One was a black Ruger 9 millimeter with

an extended clip and the other a silver chrome pistol with no clip. Testing determined that

both pistols were operable.

       {¶12} At trial, Mike Talkington, a Detective with the Canton Police Department,

testified that by using the serial number, manufacturer and caliber of the pistols found by

the landscapers, he was able to use a website called eTrace to contact the ATF and

traced the silver pistol, a 9 caliber Ruger, to appellant. The website indicted that appellant

had purchased the same on December 10, 2015. He testified that he traced the black

pistol to Gina Marie Grippe and that the same had been purchased on January 18, 2017.

       {¶13} Larry Mackey, a firearms and fingerprint expert, testified that both guns

were operable and he opined that the cartridge casings recovered from appellant’s

vehicle were fired from the silver pistol. He further testified that a latent fingerprint lifted

from one of the pistols belonged to appellant.

       {¶14} At trial, appellant testified on his own behalf. He testified that he was of

Eskimo origin and had developed headaches that became unbearable. Appellant further

testified that Eskimo elders told him that the seeds of marijuana plants would provide him

with some relief. Because he was unable to find anyone to sell him the seeds, appellant

decided to grow the marijuana located in the building to help his health condition. He
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                     7


testified that surgery was not an option because Eskimos did not believe in it. Appellant,

when asked, testified that he did not intend to sell any of the marijuana, but wanted to eat

the seeds to help him.

       {¶15} Appellant further testified that the FoodSaver found in the building was not

used to package or vacuum seal marijuana, but was used when he went to a local fishery

to get fish guts to be mixed in with the fertilizer.

       {¶16} When questioned about the events of April 12, 2017, appellant testified that

when he went to the building, he could tell that something was “kind of odd.” Trial

Transcript at 541. He testified that after unlocking the door to the building, he realized that

something was wrong because the dog did not come running and there was “stuff thrown

everywhere.” Trial Transcript at 542. He saw a little pile of blood with what appeared to

be the dog’s footprints in it and panicked. Appellant testified that he saw the note left by

the Detective which was pinned to the door with a knife and read it. When asked, he

testified that at that point, he did not have any idea that the police were involved and did

not see any business card or anything else left behind. He further testified that he did not

see the search warrant and a copy of the affidavit and that if they had been left there, he

would have seen them.

       {¶17} Appellant testified that he then called the number on the note twice, but no

one answered. When he exited the building, appellant saw a van. He testified that the

van took off towards him and that he had to jump out of the way. Appellant testified that

he did not have his gun drawn and did not have his gun on his person at this time.

Appellant, who was fearful and had no idea the driver of the van was a police officer, got

into his truck to follow the van in order to get the license plate number. He testified that
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                   8


he caught up to the van on Cleveland Avenue and pulled up next to it. The following is an

excerpt from appellant’s testimony at trial:

       {¶18} A: He’s in the, the slow lane, what I call the slow lane, the right lane.

       {¶19} And, ah, just as I - - we get right about the Taco Bell, I was able to see his,

part of his tag number and just about the time that I get just the nose of the truck, just

about where that sliding door is, I hear gunshots, you know.

       {¶20} And at about that time, that’s - - I did have my gun sitting right there. And

usually I don’t even carry a gun. I don’t know why I even had it that night, but I did have

it.

       {¶21} Q: The, the silver one?

       {¶22} A: Yes, sir.

       {¶23} Q: That we saw earlier?

       {¶24} A: Yes, sir.

       {¶25} Q: Okay.

       {¶26} A: And, ah - - and I, I fired back twice.

              You know, he fired at me and I fired back. So.

       {¶27} Trial Transcript at 551-552.

       {¶28} Appellant testified that he was afraid that someone was chasing him and

might pose a danger to his family, so he did not want to park his vehicle in front of his

house. He testified that he called his stepson and asked him to meet appellant at Skipco

Auto Auction and give appellant a ride home. Appellant testified that he left his vehicle at

Skipco and his stepson dropped him off at his home in Barberton, Ohio. According to
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                   9


appellant, he left both his silver pistol and his black pistol inside the vehicle and never

discarded them on the side of the road.

       {¶29} At the conclusion of the testimony and the end of deliberations, the jury, on

August 31, 2017, found appellant guilty of all of the counts and specifications with the

exception that the jury was unable to reach a verdict on Count Four, trafficking marijuana,

and the trial court declared a mistrial as to that count. At the request of appellee, a nolle

proesequi was entered on such count on September 20, 2017. As memorialized in an

Entry filed on September 20, 2017, appellant was sentenced to eleven (11) years in prison

for the charge of felonious assault (Count One) and to three (3) years in prison for the

accompanying firearm specification pursuant to R.C. 2941.145. The trial court ordered

that the two run consecutively. Appellant also was sentenced to five (5) years in prison

for discharging a firearm from a motor vehicle, to be served consecutive with Count One.

The trial court merged the firearm specification pursuant to R.C. 2941.1412 as contained

in Count One into the specification of discharging a firearm from a motor vehicle as

contained in Count One. Appellant also was sentenced to eight (8) years in prison on the

charge of possession of marijuana (Count Two) and the trial court merged Count Three

with Count Two. The trial court also merged Count Five with Count One. The trial court

also sentenced appellant to twelve (12) months in prison for the charge of improperly

handling firearms in a motor vehicle as contained in Count Six and ordered that appellant

serve Count Two consecutive with Count One and Count Six concurrent with Count One.

Appellant was sentenced to a total prison term of 27 years.

       {¶30} Appellant now raises the following assignments of error on appeal:
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                     10


       {¶31} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT ORDERED APPELLANT TO

SERVE HIS FIREARM SPECIFICATION CONSECUTIVELY WITH HIS DISCHARGING

A FIREARM FROM A MOTOR VEHICLE SPECIFICATION.”

       {¶32} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY INSTRUCTING THE JURY ON

FLIGHT.”

                                               I

       {¶33} Appellant, in his first assignment of error, argues that the trial court erred

when it ordered appellant to serve the three (3) year sentence for the firearm specification

and the five (5) year sentence for discharging firearms from motor vehicle specification

consecutively. Appellant contends that that trial court should have run the sentences

concurrently because they involve the same act or transaction.

       {¶34} Our review of appellant’s challenge to his sentence is limited to determining

whether his sentence is clear and convincing contrary to law as measured against the

evidence in the record. R.C. 2953.08(G)(2); State v. Marcum, 146 Ohio St.3d 516, 2016-

Ohio-1002, 59 N.E.3d 1231, ¶ 7.

       {¶35} A trial court is required to impose a three year prison sentence when the

offender is convicted of displaying, brandishing, or using a firearm to facilitate the offense.

(R.C. 2941.145) and a five year prison sentence when an offender is convicted of

discharging a firearm from a motor vehicle (R.C. 2941.146).

       {¶36} R.C. 2929.14(B)(1) states, in relevant part, as follows:

              b) If a court imposes a prison term on an offender under division

       (B)(1)(a) of this section, the prison term shall not be reduced pursuant to

       section 2967.19, section 2929.20, section 2967.193, or any other provision
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                        11


     of Chapter 2967. or Chapter 5120. of the Revised Code. Except as provided

     in division (B)(1)(g) of this section, a court shall not impose more than one

     prison term on an offender under division (B)(1)(a) of this section for felonies

     committed as part of the same act or transaction.

     {¶37} R.C. 2929.14(B)(1) further states, in relevant part, as follows:

             (c)(i) Except as provided in division (B)(1)(e) of this section, if an

     offender who is convicted of or pleads guilty to a violation of section

     2923.161 of the Revised Code or to a felony that includes, as an essential

     element, purposely or knowingly causing or attempting to cause the death

     of or physical harm to another, also is convicted of or pleads guilty to a

     specification of the type described in division (A) of section 2941.146 of the

     Revised Code that charges the offender with committing the offense by

     discharging a firearm from a motor vehicle other than a manufactured home,

     the court, after imposing a prison term on the offender for the violation of

     section 2923.161 of the Revised Code or for the other felony offense under

     division (A), (B)(2), or (B)(3) of this section, shall impose an additional prison

     term of five years upon the offender that shall not be reduced pursuant to

     section 2929.20, section 2967.19, section 2967.193, or any other provision

     of Chapter 2967. or Chapter 5120. of the Revised Code.

     {¶38} In addition, R.C. 2929.14(C)(1) states as follows:

            (C)(1)(a) Subject to division (C)(1)(b) of this section, if a mandatory

     prison term is imposed upon an offender pursuant to division (B)(1)(a) of

     this section for having a firearm on or about the offender's person or under
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                   12


       the offender's control while committing a felony, if a mandatory prison term

       is imposed upon an offender pursuant to division (B)(1)(c) of this section for

       committing a felony specified in that division by discharging a firearm from

       a motor vehicle, or if both types of mandatory prison terms are imposed, the

       offender shall serve any mandatory prison term imposed under either

       division consecutively to any other mandatory prison term imposed under

       either division or under division (B)(1)(d) of this section, consecutively to

       and prior to any prison term imposed for the underlying felony pursuant to

       division (A), (B)(2), or (B)(3) of this section or any other section of the

       Revised Code, and consecutively to any other prison term or mandatory

       prison term previously or subsequently imposed upon the offender.

       {¶39} Appellant, in the case sub judice, was charged with felonious assault in

Count One of the indictment. The first specification to Count One of the indictment

charged defendant with having a firearm on or about his person or under his control while

committing the felonious assault, in violation of R.C. 2941.145. The second specification

charged defendant with committing the felonious assault offense by discharging a firearm

from a motor vehicle, in violation of R.C. 2941.146. The third specification is not at issue

in this case.

       {¶40} In State v. Phillips, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 96329, 2012-Ohio-473, the

defendant was found guilty of multiple counts of attempted murder, felonious assault,

attempted felonious assault, and two counts of inducing panic. The jury also found the

defendant guilty of firearm specifications included in the attempted murder, felonious
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                    13


assault, and attempted felonious assault counts. The trial court sentenced the defendant

to a total of 92 years’ incarceration.

       {¶41} The defendant then appealed, arguing, in part, that trial court

unconstitutionally subjected him to multiple sentences by imposing multiple firearm

specifications and ordering them to be served consecutively. The court, in Phillips, held

in relevant part as follows at paragraph 38:

              Additionally, cumulative sentences for three- and five-year firearm

       specifications are permitted in an attempted murder case where gunshots

       are fired from a moving vehicle. R.C. 2929.14(D)(1)(b). The specifications

       prohibit different activity and require different proof, thus imposing different

       penalties. State v. Walker, 2d Dist. No. 17678, 2000 WL 873222 (June 30,

       2000). As such, Phillips could be sentenced to an additional three, plus an

       additional five years, for a total of eight years for the firearm specifications

       in Counts 1, 2, 3, and 4.

       {¶42} In State v. Sheffey, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98944, 2013–Ohio–2463, the

defendant was indicted on four counts of felonious assault and one count of improperly

discharging into habitation, one count of having weapons under disability, and one count

of criminal damaging. The felonious assault and improperly discharging into habitation

counts each carried one- and three-year firearm specifications. They further carried a five-

year specification for a “drive-by shooting.”

       {¶43} After the jury found him guilty and the defendant was sentenced to a total

of fourteen years in prison, the defendant appealed, arguing, in part, that the trial court

should have merged all the firearm specifications that stemmed from the drive-by
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                   14

shooting. In affirming the sentence, the court, in Sheffey, stated, in relevant part, at

paragraphs 26-29:

             Although not subject to R.C. 2941.25, firearm specifications may be

      subject to merger under R.C. 2929.14. We review Sheffey's challenge of

      the trial court's imposition of multiple firearm specifications to determine

      whether it is contrary to law. See R.C. 2953.08. Applying that standard, we

      find that the trial court's imposition of the firearm specifications complies

      with R.C. 2929.14.

             Ordinarily, the court is forbidden from imposing sentence on multiple

      firearm specifications for “felonies committed as part of the same act or

      transaction.” R.C 2929.14(B)(1)(b). However, this section applies only to the

      extent that R.C. 2929.14(B)(1)(g) does not apply, which states:

      If an offender is convicted of or pleads guilty to two or more felonies, if one

      or more of those felonies are aggravated murder, murder, attempted

      aggravated murder, attempted murder, aggravated robbery, felonious

      assault, or rape, and if the offender is convicted of or pleads guilty to a

      specification of the type described under division (B)(1)(a) of this section in

      connection with two or more of the felonies, the sentencing court shall

      impose on the offender the prison term specified under division (B)(1)(a) of

      this section for each of the two most serious specifications of which the

      offender is convicted or to which the offender pleads guilty and, in its

      discretion, also may impose on the offender the prison term specified under

      that division for any or all of the remaining specifications.
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                  15


            In this case, Sheffey was found guilty of committing two or more

     felonies. Four of those felonies were felonious assault, and he was found

     guilty of firearm specifications under R.C. 2929.14(B)(1)(a). Under R.C.

     2929.14(B)(1)(g), the court was required to impose on Sheffey prison terms

     for the two most serious specifications stated in (B)(1)(a), and could also, in

     its discretion, impose sentence for any other specifications. See State v.

     Cassano, 8th Dist. No. 97228, 2012–Ohio–4047, ¶ 34; State v. Worth, 10th

     Dist. No. 10AP–1125, 2012–Ohio–666, ¶ 96; State v. Beatty–Jones, 2d

     Dist. No. 24245, 2011–Ohio–3719, ¶ 16; see also State v. Isreal, 12th Dist.

     No. CA2011–11–115, 2012–Ohio–4876, ¶ 73 (recognizing that R.C.

     2929.14(B)(1)(g) “serves as an exception to the rule that multiple firearm

     specifications must be merged for purposes of sentencing when the

     predicate offenses were committed as a single criminal transaction”).

            Here, the trial court properly sentenced Sheffey on two of the three-

     year firearm specifications attached to the felonious assault counts as

     required under R.C. 2929.14(B)(1)(g). The trial court also properly imposed

     a five-year mandatory prison term pursuant to the firearm specification in

     R.C. 2941.146, also attached to the felonious assault counts. To the extent

     that the trial court did not merge the three- and five-year firearm

     specifications on one of the felonious assault counts, it was not required to

     do so. Indeed, under R.C. 2929.14(B)(1)(c), “if an offense is properly

     accompanied with a specification under R.C. 2941 .146 and another under

     2941.145, there is no merger of the specifications, and the court must
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                 16

      impose a sentence for each.” State v. Coffman, 10th Dist. No. 09AP727,

      2010–Ohio–1995, ¶ 11; see also State v. Walker, 2d Dist. No. 17678, 2000

      Ohio App. LEXIS 2952 (June 30, 2000).

      {¶44} See also State v. Bates, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 03-AP-893, 2004-Ohio-

4224. In such case, Bates was convicted of one count of murder in violation of Ohio

Revised Code Section 2903.02, two firearm specifications in violation of Ohio Revised

Code Section 2941.146, and one count of displaying, brandishing, indicating possession

of or using a firearm in the commission of an offense in violation of Ohio Revised Code

Section 2941.145. He was sentenced to consecutive terms of 15 years to life for the

murder, 5 years for discharging a firearm while inside a motor vehicle, and 3 years for

displaying, brandishing, indicating possession of or using a firearm in the commission of

an offense, for an aggregate term of 23 years to life imprisonment.

      {¶45} Bates then appealed his sentences on the firearm specifications, arguing

that the trial court should have merged the two firearm specifications before sentencing

him. The Ohio Court of Appeals for the Tenth Appellate District, in Bates, issued a

decision affirming the consecutive sentences. In doing so, the court cited R.C. 2929.14

and the holding in State v. Gresham, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga App. No. 81250, 2003-Ohio-

744, at ¶ 14 (“[I]t is clear that the legislature intended to cumulate the mandatory prison

terms contained in R.C. 2941.141 and 2941.145, on the one hand, and R.C. 2941.146,

and to require them to be served consecutively to one another and to the prison terms for

the base offense.”). See also State v. Mhoon, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98832, 2013-Ohio-

2090 and State v. Rice, 10th Dist. Franklin No. No. 11AP–199, 2011-Ohio-6562 at

paragraph 30 In which the court held, in relevant part, as follows:
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                  17

             As this court noted in State v. Coffman, 10th Dist. No. 09AP–727,

      2010–Ohio–1995, former R.C. 2929.14(D)(1)(c), effective at the time of

      defendant's sentencing, governed defendant's R.C. 2941.146 specification

      for discharging a firearm from a motor vehicle, while R.C. 2929.14(D)(1)(a)

      governed sentencing on the firearm specification under R.C. 2941.145. See

      2011 H.B. 86. In resolving the same argument in Coffman, this court

      concluded that “if an offense is properly accompanied with a specification

      under R.C. 2941.146 and another under 2941.145, there is no merger of

      the specifications, and the court must impose a sentence for each.” Id. at ¶

      11, citing State v. Bates, 10th Dist. No. 03AP–893, 2004–Ohio–4224, ¶ 8,

      10. Moreover, the court noted, R.C. 2929.14(E)(1)(a) requires that the terms

      be served consecutively. Id., citing Bates at ¶ 9–10.

      {¶46} See also State v. Fant, 2016-Ohio-7429, 76 N.E.3d 518, (7th Dist.)

in which the court held as follows at paragraph 59:

             The General Assembly has articulated the policy determination in

      R.C. 2929.14 that the firearm specifications in R.C. 2914.145 and R.C.

      2929.146 shall have mandatory sentences and shall be served

      consecutively to each other and the underlying offense. Under R.C.

      2929.14, trial court's do not have any discretion regarding consecutive

      sentences for these firearm specifications; they are statutorily mandated to

      impose consecutive sentences for the underlying offenses and these

      specifications.
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                     18


       {¶47} Based on the foregoing, we find that the trial court did not err in

ordering appellant to serve his firearm specifications consecutively. The trial court

was precluded, pursuant to R.C. 2929.14(B)(1)(c) and(C)(1)(a), from merging the

three-year and five-year firearm specifications.

       {¶48} Appellant’s first assignment of error is, therefore, overruled,

                                              II

       {¶49} Appellant, in his second assignment of error, maintains that the trial court

erred by instructing the jury on flight.

       {¶50} It is well established that evidence of flight is admissible, as it tends to show

consciousness of guilt. Sibron v. New York, 392 U.S. 40, 66, 88 S.Ct. 1889, 20 L.Ed.2d

917(1967). Further, a jury instruction on flight is appropriate if there is sufficient evidence

in the record to support the charge. See United States v. Dillon, 870 F.2d 1125 (6th

Cir.1989). The decision whether to issue a flight instruction rests within the sound

discretion of the trial court and will not be reversed absent an abuse of discretion. State

v. Sims, 13 Ohio App.3d 287, 289, 469 N.E.2d 554(1st Dist.1984). Abuse of discretion

requires more than simply an error in judgment; it implies unreasonable, arbitrary, or

unconscionable conduct by the court. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219,

450 N.E.2d 1140(1983).

       {¶51} In the case sub judice, the trial court instructed the jury as follows (Trial

Transcript, Volume 4 at 24-25:

              Testimony has been admitted indicating the Defendant fled the

       scene. You are instructed that flight alone does not raise a presumption of

       guilt, but it may tend to indicate the Defendant's consciousness or aware
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                     19


       (sic) of guilt. If you find that the facts do not support that the Defendant fled

       the scene, or if you find that some other motive prompted the Defendant's

       conduct, or if you are unable to decide what the Defendant's motivation was,

       then you should not consider this evidence for any purpose. However, if you

       find that the facts support that the Defendant engaged in such conduct and

       if you decide the Defendant was motivated by a consciousness or an

       awareness of guilt, you may, but are not required to, consider that evidence

       in deciding whether the Defendant is guilty of the crimes charged. You alone

       will determine what weight, if any, is (sic) to give to the evidence.

       {¶52} Flight from justice “means some escape or affirmative attempt to avoid

apprehension.” State v. Wesley, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga App. No. 80684, 2002- Ohio-4429 at

paragraph 19, citing United States v. Felix–Gutierrez (C.A.9, 1991), 940 F.2d 1200, 1207.

       {¶53} We note that appellant did not object to this instruction at the time that it

was given, but did object to a jury instruction on flight when, at the beginning of the trial,

the State moved to admit a jury instruction on flight.

       {¶54} While appellant contends that the evidence adduced at trial did not

substantiate a flight instruction, we disagree. As is stated above, testimony was adduced

at trial that appellant, after pursuing Deputy Blanc in his Dodge Ram truck, took his truck

to Skipco Auto Auctions in Canal Fulton and abandoned it there. He had, according to the

evidence disposed of his two firearms on the side of Mill Street, and, after abandoning his

truck, had called his stepson and had him drive appellant to his home in Barberton, Ohio

where he remained until his arrest. As noted by appellee, “[t]he evidence demonstrated
Stark County, Case No. 2017CA00183                                                  20


that [appellant] deliberately fled the area, disposed of his truck, disposed to two firearms

all in an attempt to avoid arrest or detention.”

       {¶55} Based on the foregoing, we find that the trial court did not abuse its

discretion in giving an instruction on flight. The trial court’s decision was not arbitrary,

unreasonable or unconscionable.

       {¶56} Appellant’s second assignment of error is, therefore, overruled.

       {¶57} Accordingly, the judgment of the Stark County Court of Common Pleas is

affirmed.

By: Baldwin, J.

Wise, John, P.J. and

Delaney, J. concur.
