                              UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                              FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

JASON FOSTER,                                   )
                                                )
                         Petitioner,            )
                                                )
          v.                                    )       Civil Action No. 11-1374 (ESH)
                                                )
WARDEN WAINWRIGHT,                              )
                                                )
                         Respondent.            )


                                       MEMORANDUM OPINION


          This matter is before the Court on review of Jason Foster’s petition for a writ of habeas

corpus and the government’s opposition.1 For the reasons discussed below, the petition will be

denied.


                                          I. BACKGROUND
          In the Superior Court of the District of Columbia (“Superior Court”), petitioner pled

guilty to one count of robbery. See United States’ Opposition to Petitioner’s Petition for a Writ

of Habeas Corpus (“Gov’t Opp’n”), Ex. 1 (Judgment and Commitment Order, United States v.

Foster, No. F-2466-03 (D.C. Super. Ct. Mar. 1, 2005)). On October 10, 2003, the Superior

Court sentenced petitioner to a three-year term of imprisonment, suspended execution of a two-

year portion of the term, and imposed a two-year term of probation.2 See id., Ex. 2 (Sentence

Monitoring Computation Data dated Oct. 24, 2006) at 3; Petition (“Pet.”) at 5. For reasons not

1
        On September 13, 2011, the Court issued an Order directing petitioner to file a response
to the government’s submission, but he failed to do so by the October 13, 2011 deadline.
2
        The Superior Court may “suspend the imposition of sentence or impose sentence and
suspend the execution thereof, or impose sentence and suspend the execution of a portion
thereof,” and place an offender on probation. D.C. Code § 16-710(a); see Richardson v. United
States, 927 A.2d 1137, 1141 (D.C. 2007) (describing a “split sentence[]” as “a period of
incarceration followed by a period of probation”).
                                                    1
made clear in the record, the Superior Court revoked probation on March 1, 2005, and ordered

that petitioner serve the three-year prison term (with credit for time served) followed by a three-

year term of supervised release. 3 See Gov’t Opp’n, Ex. 1. With an award of good time credit

and credit for time served (366 days, from April 28, 2003 to April 29, 2003, and from May 16,

2003 to May 13, 2004), petitioner was released on November 14, 2006, id., at which time he

began service of his three-year term of supervised release. Id., Ex. 3 (Certificate of Supervised

Release dated October 30, 2006) at 1. Among other conditions of his release, petitioner was to

submit to drug testing as directed by his community supervision officer and abstain from the use

of alcohol and controlled substances. See id., Ex. 3 at 2-3.


       On March 16, 2009, the United States Parole Commission (“USPC”) charged petitioner

with violations of the conditions of his supervised release. Gov’t Opp’n, Ex. 5 (Warrant

Application dated March 16, 2009) at 1. Specifically, petitioner allegedly had tested positive for

the use of marijuana on 11 occasions (Charge No. 1 – Use of Dangerous and Habit Forming

Drugs), failed to report for drug testing on five occasions (Charge No. 2 – Failure to Submit to

Drug Testing), and failed to comply with his curfew (Charge No. 3 – Failure to Comply with

Graduated Sanction (GPS Monitoring System)) on 12 occasions. See id., Ex. 5 at 1-2. The

USPC issued a violator warrant, see id., Ex. 6 (Warrant dated March 16, 2009), which was

executed on March 20, 2009, id., Ex. 7 (United States Marshal’s Return to the United States

Parole Commission). A hearing examiner conducted a probable cause hearing on March 27,

2009, and found probable cause to believe that petitioner committed at least one of the violations

charged. See id., Ex. 8 (D.C. Probable Cause Hearing Digest) at 2. The USPC proposed, and


3
        The Superior Court cannot impose concurrent terms of both probation and supervised
release. If the court imposes a split sentence, it must suspend the term of supervised release.
Richardson v. United States, 927 A.2d 1137, 1143 (D.C. 2007).
                                                 2
petitioner accepted, an expedited revocation decision pursuant to which supervised release would

be revoked, all time spent on supervised release would be forfeited, and petitioner would serve a

term of imprisonment as a sanction. Id., Ex. 9 (Advanced Consent to Expedited Revocation

Decision) at 2. In accordance with this agreement, the USPC revoked supervised release and

directed petitioner to serve a 10-month term of imprisonment, followed by a 26-month term of

supervised release. Id., Ex. 10 (Notice of Action dated April 2, 2009) at 1.


       Petitioner was released on January 19, 2010, at which time he began service of the

supervised release term, Gov’t Opp’n, Ex. 12 (Certificate of Supervised Release dated January

19, 2010), which was to have ended on March 18, 2012, id., Ex. 13 (Warrant Application dated

March 28, 2011) at 1. Within a year of his release, however, petitioner failed to submit to drug

testing on three occasions (Charge No. 1 – Failure to Submit to Drug Testing) and on January 24,

2011, he was arrested in the District of Columbia for operating an unregistered vehicle with a

suspended driver’s license (Charge No. 2 – Law Violation). Id., Ex. 13 at 1-2. Petitioner pled

guilty to the traffic offenses on February 22, 2011, and on April 25, 2011, the Superior Court

imposed an aggregate sentence of 150 days’ imprisonment.4 Id., Ex. 16 (Status Report dated

June 7, 2011) at 2.5




4
        Review of the Superior Court’s docket reveals that, on February 22, 2011, petitioner
entered guilty pleas in two separate cases. See District of Columbia v. Foster, No. 2010-CTF-
15856 (D.C. Super. Ct. filed Aug. 26, 2010); District of Columbia v. Foster, No. 2011-CTF-
01383 (D.C. Super. Ct. filed Jan. 24, 2011). Only the second of these cases was the basis for the
law violation alleged in the March 28, 2011 warrant application.
5
        As of June 7, 2011, petitioner was detained at the Correctional Treatment Facility in the
District of Columbia and “ha[d] served approximately 43 days of the 150 day jail sentence.”
Gov’t Opp’n, Ex. 16 at 2. Apparently there was “also a Federal Parole Violation Warrant
detainer.” Id., Ex. 16 at 2. The effect, if any, of the federal detainer on the length of petitioner’s
detention is unclear.
                                                  3
        In the meanwhile, the USPC issued a violator warrant, Gov’t Opp’n, Ex. 14 (Warrant

dated March 28, 2011), which was executed on August 22, 2011, see id., Ex. 16 at 2. Petitioner

filed this action in July 2011.6


                                       II. DISCUSSION


        According to petitioner, he not only has served the three-year term of imprisonment

imposed by the Superior Court, but also has served his term of supervised release. See generally

Pet. at 5-6. He claims that his “time should have expired” and, therefore, that “no detainer

should be placed on [him].” Id. at 6. Review of the record, however, reveals that the petitioner

remained under the USPC’s supervision at the time the USPC issued and executed violator

warrants in 2009 and 2011.


        “[A]ny person convicted [of robbery] shall suffer imprisonment for not less than 2 years

nor more than 15 years.” D.C. Code § 22-2801 (formerly D.C. Code § 22-2901). District of

Columbia law authorizes the imposition of a prison term followed by a term of probation (“split

sentence”), see D.C. Code § 16-710(a), as well as the termination of probation “when in the

opinion of the court the ends of justice shall require” it. D.C. Code § 24-304(a). Where the

Superior Court has suspended imposition of a portion of an offender’s sentence, has placed the

offender on probation and subsequently revokes probation, the court “may impose any sentence

which might have been imposed” initially, and “the time of probation shall not be taken into

account to diminish the time for which [the offender] was originally sentenced.” Id. If the

Superior Court imposes a sentence of more than one year, it also imposes a three-year term of

supervised release, D.C. Code § 24-403.01(b)(2)(B), to “commence[] on the day the offender is

6
       According to the Federal Bureau of Prisons Inmate Locator, petitioner is designated to
the Federal Detention Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and his release date is unknown.
                                                4
released from imprisonment,” D.C. Code § 24-403.01(b)(5). The record of this case shows that

petitioner received a prison sentence within the lawful range, received credit for time served

prior to his release on probation, and, upon revocation of probation, forfeited all time spent on

probation, all in accordance with District of Columbia law.


       An offender serving a term of supervised release remains subject to the USPC’s authority

until completion of his term of supervised release. D.C. Code § 24-403.01(b)(6). The USPC is

authorized to revoke supervision, see D.C. Code § 24-403.01(b)(6), and as a sanction may

imprison an offender for a term of “[n]ot more than 2 years, if the maximum term of

imprisonment authorized for the offense is 5 years or more, but less than 25 years.” D.C. Code §

24-403.01(b)(7)(C).


       Petitioner’s 36-month term of supervised release began on November 14, 2006, and it

had not ended before the USPC issued the violator warrant in March 2009. Thus, the USPC

retained supervision authority over petitioner and was authorized to impose not only a 10-month

term of imprisonment but also an additional term of supervised release. Similarly, his 26-month

term of supervised release which began on January 10, 2010, had not expired when, on March

28, 2011, the USPC issued a second violator warrant. Although more than three calendar years

have passed since the Superior Court initially imposed its sentence, petitioner fails to

demonstrate that he has spent more than three years in prison or that the USPC improperly

exercised its authority after his term of supervised release had expired.


                                        III. CONCLUSION


       A District of Columbia prisoner is entitled to habeas corpus relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2241

if he establishes that his “custody is in violation of the Constitution or laws or treaties of the


                                                   5
United States.” 28 U.S.C. § 2241(c)(3). Petitioner fails to show that his custody is unlawful,

and, accordingly, the habeas petition will be denied. An Order accompanies this Memorandum

Opinion.


                                                    _________/s/____________
                                                    ELLEN SEGAL HUVELLE
                                                    United States District Judge
DATE: October 26, 2011




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