[Cite as Wilson v. Stark Cty. Dept. of Job & Family Servs., 2015-Ohio-5326.]


                                        COURT OF APPEALS
                                       STARK COUNTY, OHIO
                                    FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

JOSEPH WILSON, ET AL.                                       JUDGES:
                                                            Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
        Plaintiffs-Appellants                               Hon. William B. Hoffman, J.
                                                            Hon. John W. Wise, J.
-vs-
                                                            Case No. 2015CA00114
STARK COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF
JOB & FAMILY SERVICES, ET AL.
                                                            OPINION
        Defendants-Appellees




CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                               Appeal from the Stark County Court of
                                                       Common Pleas, Case No. 2014CV01308


JUDGMENT:                                              Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                                December 14, 2015

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiffs-Appellants                              For Defendants-Appellees

DREW LEGANDO                                           JOHN D. FERRERO
JACK LANDSKRONER                                       Stark County Prosecutor
Landskroner Greico Merriman, LLC                       VIVIANNE WHALEN DUFFRIN
1360 West 9th Street, Suite 200                        STEPHAN P. BABIK
Cleveland, Ohio 44113                                  Assistant Proseucuting Attorneys, Civil
                                                       110 Central Plaza South, Suite 510
                                                       Canton, Ohio 44702

For Plaintiffs-Appellants                              For Defendants-Appellees

RYAN J. MELEWSKI                                       MICHAEL J. HUDAK
Melewski Dodez LLC                                     BRAD A. RIMMEL
105 North Broad Street                                 Roetzel & Andress, LPA
Canfield, Ohio 44406                                   222 South Main Street
                                                       Akron, Ohio 44308
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00114                                                      2

Hoffman, J.


       {¶1}   Plaintiffs-appellants Joseph Wilson, et al. (“Wilsons”) appeal the May 29,

2015 Judgment Entry – Nunc Pro Tunc entered by the Stark County Court of Common

Pleas, which granted defendants-appellees Stark County Department of Job & Family

Services (“SCDJFS”) and the Stark County Board of Commissioners’ motion for summary

judgment.

                                       INTRODUCTION

       {¶2}   Stark County operates a Public Children Service Agency, which is

responsible for placing dependent children in foster homes. Stark County’s placement

responsibilities are carried out by its employees, who work “out in the field” and who

ultimately approve foster placements. This case arises from the approval and placement

of “John Doe” by county employees Vandeborne, Bell, and Montgomery in the Wilsons’

home on a foster-to-adopt basis.

                             STATEMENT OF FACTS AND CASE

       {¶3}   John Doe came into SCDJFS care at birth and county employees were very

familiar with him.

       {¶4}   John Doe was sexually abused during his first placement in a foster home

by the grandson of his foster parents. During subsequent foster placements, he repeated

the sexually abusive behaviors he had suffered against other children in the foster homes.

       {¶5}   After several failed placements, John Doe was placed in the home of P.V.

and V.V. (“Vs”). The Vs were not advised of John Doe’s history of sexual abuse or his

history of sexually abusing others. The Vs eventually discovered John Doe was engaging
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00114                                                       3


in sexual activity and reported same to a case worker for SCDJFS. It was then the Vs

were informed of John Doe’s past history.

      {¶6}   The Vs sought counseling for John Doe regarding his ongoing sexualized

activity. A clinical psychologist opined John Doe’s history of sexual abuse was related to

his sexual behaviors toward other children and reported this information to Stark County.

      {¶7}   Thereafter, John Doe sexually attacked and molested the Vs’ four-year-old-

daughter. The Vs reported the assault to the assigned SCDJFS’s worker and requested

John Doe be removed from their home. He was removed in February, 2004.

      {¶8}   In 2008, John Doe was placed in the home of the Wilsons by a SCDJFS

employee who did not disclose any of John Doe’s history of sexual abuse directed toward

other children. The Wilsons allege the employee affirmatively and falsely represented

John Doe had no history of sexually acting out and was friendly and plays well with other

children; only mentioning Joh Doe might have been abused in his first placement.

      {¶9}   John Doe lived with the Wilsons for nearly four years on a foster placement.

The Wilsons were scheduled to adopt him in August, 2012. On the eve of his adoption,

the Wilsons allege they discovered John Doe had been sexually molesting one of their

children. John Doe was immediately removed from the Wilsons’ home and the adoption

cancelled.

      {¶10} As a result of the foregoing, the Wilsons filed a tort claim on behalf of their

minor children against Appellees. The claim against Appellees was premised upon the

Wilsons’ allegations the defendants were vicariously liable for the actions of the

employees of SCDJFS who were involved in the placement of John Doe. The complaint
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00114                                                           4


specifically alleged the actions of the employees were reckless within the meaning of the

Political Subdivision Tort Liability Act (R.C. 2744.03(A)(6)(b)).1

       {¶11} Appellees moved for summary judgment, asserting they were immune even

if the employees were not immune under R.C. 2744.03(A)(6). The trial court granted

Appellees’ motion via Judgment Entry – Nunc Pro Tunc filed May 29, 2015. It is from that

judgment entry the Wilsons prosecute this appeal, assigning as error.

       {¶12} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ENTERING SUMMARY JUDGMENT IN

FAVOR OF THE DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES.”

                                        Summary Judgment

       {¶13} Civ. R. 56 states in pertinent part:

       {¶14} “Summary judgment shall be rendered forthwith if the pleadings,

depositions, answers to interrogatories, written admissions, affidavits, transcripts of

evidence, and written stipulations of fact, if any, timely filed in the action, show that there

is no genuine issue of material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a

matter of law. No evidence or stipulation may be considered except as stated in this rule.

A summary judgment shall not be rendered unless it appears from the evidence or

stipulation, and only from the evidence or stipulation, that reasonable minds can come to

but one conclusion and that conclusion is adverse to the party against whom the motion

for summary judgment is made, that party being entitled to have the evidence or

stipulation construed mostly strongly in the party's favor. A summary judgment,




1The Wilsons filed a separate civil action against a number of individual employees of
SCDJFS.
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00114                                                           5


interlocutory in character, may be rendered on the issue of liability alone although there

is a genuine issue as to the amount of damages.”

       {¶15} A trial court should not enter a summary judgment if it appears a material

fact is genuinely disputed, nor if, construing the allegations most favorably towards the

non-moving party, reasonable minds could draw different conclusions from the

undisputed facts. Hounshell v. Am. States Ins. Co., 67 Ohio St.2d 427, 424 N.E.2d 311

(1981). The court may not resolve any ambiguities in the evidence presented. Inland

Refuse Transfer Co. v. Browning–Ferris Inds. of Ohio, Inc., 15 Ohio St.3d 321, 474 N.E.2d

271 (1984). A fact is material if it affects the outcome of the case under the applicable

substantive law. Russell v. Interim Personnel, Inc., 135 Ohio App.3d 301, 733 N.E.2d

1186 (6th Dist.1999).

       {¶16} When reviewing a trial court's decision to grant summary judgment, an

appellate court applies the same standard used by the trial court. Smiddy v. The Wedding

Party, Inc., 30 Ohio St.3d 35, 506 N.E.2d 212 (1987). This means we review the matter

de novo. Doe v. Shaffer, 90 Ohio St.3d 388, 2000–Ohio–186, 738 N.E.2d 1243.

       {¶17} The party moving for summary judgment bears the initial burden of

informing the trial court of the basis of the motion and identifying the portions of the record

which demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of fact on a material element of the

non-moving party's claim. Drescher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 662 N.E.2d 264 (1996).

Once the moving party meets its initial burden, the burden shifts to the nonmoving party

to set forth specific facts demonstrating a genuine issue of material fact does exist. Id.

The non-moving party may not rest upon the allegations and denials in the pleadings, but
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00114                                                         6


instead must submit some evidentiary materials showing a genuine dispute over material

facts. Henkle v. Henkle, 75 Ohio App.3d 732, 600 N.E.2d 791 (12th Dist.1991).

       {¶18} The Wilsons frame the issue presented to this Court as follows:

       {¶19} When a plaintiff claims that an employee of a political subdivision was

reckless under R.C. 2744.03(A(6)(b), can the plaintiff file suit against “the employee, the

political subdivision, or both,” pursuant to the rule enunciated in Nat’l Union Fire Ins. Co.

v. Wuerth, 122 Ohio St.3d 594, 2009-Ohio-3601, at ¶¶21-22; Comer v. Risko, 106 Ohio

St.3d 185, 2005-Ohio-4559, at ¶20; State ex rel. Flagg v. Bedford, 7 Ohio St.2d 45, 48

(1966); and Losito v. Kruse, 136 Ohio St. 183, 187 (1940)?

       {¶20} We limit our answer to the issue presented by this case. We hold a plaintiff

cannot sue the political subdivision individually for the recklessness of its employee under

R.C. 2744.03(A)(6)(b). Our reasons follow.

       {¶21} Of primary significance in our decision is that three of the four Ohio

Supreme Court cases cited by the Wilsons in support of their argument (Wuerth, Comer

and Losita) involved tort claims against private parties, not political subdivisions. The

fourth (Flagg) was decided before the enactment of the Political Subdivision Tort Liability

Act in 1985.

       {¶22} In Greene County Agricultural Society v. Liming, 89 Ohio St.3d 551, 556-

557, 733 N.E.2d 1141, 2000–Ohio–486, the Supreme Court of Ohio explained the three

tier analysis required for determining if sovereign immunity applies:

               R.C. Chapter 2744 sets out the method of analysis, which can be

       viewed as involving three tiers, for determining a political subdivision's

       immunity from liability. First, R.C. 2744.02(A)(1) sets out a general rule that
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00114                                                          7


      political subdivisions are not liable in damages. In setting out this rule, R.C.

      2744.02(A)(1) classifies the functions of political subdivisions into

      governmental and proprietary functions and states that the general rule of

      immunity is not absolute, but is limited by the provisions of R.C. 2744.02(B),

      which details when a political subdivision is not immune. Thus, the relevant

      point of analysis (the second tier) then becomes whether any of the

      exceptions in R.C. 2744.02(B) apply. Furthermore, if any of R.C.

      2744.02(B)'s exceptions are found to apply, a consideration of the

      application of R.C. 2744.03 becomes relevant, as the third tier of analysis.

      {¶23} R.C. 2744.02(A)(1) states:

             For the purposes of this chapter, the functions of political

      subdivisions are hereby classified as governmental functions and

      proprietary functions. Except as provided in division (B) of this section, a

      political subdivision is not liable in damages in a civil action for injury, death,

      or loss to person or property allegedly caused by any act or omission of the

      political subdivision or an employee of the political subdivision in connection

      with a governmental or proprietary function.

      {¶24} The parties do not dispute the claim alleged by the Wilsons involved

performance of a governmental function. R.C. 2744.02(A)(1) provides the defendants

immunity except as provided in division (B) of that section.

      {¶25} We find the trial court properly determined none of the five (5) statutory

exceptions in R.C. 2744.02(B) applied.        That determination does not appear to be

disputed by the Wilsons.
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00114                                                        8


       {¶26} However, the Wilsons maintain because employees of political subdivisions

are not immune from liability if their acts or omissions are undertaken in a reckless

manner, there is no requirement that an employee be named as a party to the suit under

traditional, common-law pleading rules. We, as have numerous other appellate districts,

disagree.

       {¶27} This Court held in Dunn v. Licking County Humane Society, 5th Dist. Licking

No. 14-CA-101, 2015-Ohio-2561 “[t]he final tier of the analysis… is only applicable” if “the

political subdivision is subject to liability under one of the five exceptions contained in

R.C. 2744.02(B). Id, at ¶50. The Dunn decision was consistent with this Court’s earlier

holding in City of Columbus v. Sanders, 5th Dist. Delaware No. 11-CAE-05-0047, 2012-

Ohio-1514 (Thus, where, as here, it has been properly determined that none of the

exceptions in R.C. 2744.02(B) apply, it is unnecessary for this court to read the third tier

of the immunity analysis to determine whether immunity can be restored to the city under

R.C. 2744.03(A)(1) through (5), ¶33).

       {¶28} As noted supra, other appellate districts have reached the same conclusion:

Reno v. City of Circleville, 2nd Dist. Montgomery No. 20078, 2004-Ohio-781, ¶53 (a

political subdivision may not be held liable under a theory of respondent superior unless

one of the exceptions to the sovereign immunity listed in R.C. 2744.02(B) applies); Pruce

v. Sleasman, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 11CA010088, 2012-Ohio-2427, ¶14 (political subdivision

not vicariously liable for tortious conduct of its employees because respondent superior

is not set forth as an exception to R.C. 2744.02’s general immunity provisions); Scott v.

Dennis, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 94685, 2011-Ohio-12; ¶16, fn 1 (Scott’s respondent

superior claim is not addressed by any of the five enumerated exceptions to immunity);
Stark County, Case No. 2015CA00114                                                          9

Carter v. Karnes, 10th Dist. Franklin No 02 AP-98, 2002-Ohio-7193, ¶23 (explaining R.C.

2744.03(A)(6) is not applicable in the present matter because it relates only to the liability

of the individual employee – not the liability of the political subdivision). See, also, Woods

v. City of Wellston, S.D. Ohio No. 2:02-CV-762, 2005 WL 1406105, * * 17-18 (rejecting

argument political subdivisions can be held liable under the doctrine of respondent

superior if none of the exceptions in R.C. 2744.02(B) apply).

       {¶29} Wilsons’ assignment of error is overruled.

       {¶30} The judgment of the Stark County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

By: Hoffman, J.

Gwin, P.J. and

Wise, J. concur
