                            UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                            FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA


 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,

         Plaintiff,

 v.

 FATMATA BARRIE                                             Civil Action No. 09-822 (CKK)
 and

 LAW OFFICE OF CHRISTOPHER N.
 ANWAH, PLLC,

         Defendants.


                                  MEMORANDUM OPINION
                                     (October 4, 2010)

       Plaintiff District of Columbia (the “District”) brings this action against Defendants

Fatmata Barrie and the Law Office of Christopher N. Anwah, PLLC, (collectively,

“Defendants”), seeking attorneys’ fees under the fee-shifting provisions of the Individuals with

Disabilities Education Act (“IDEA”), 20 U.S.C. §§ 1415(i)(3)(B)(i)(II)-(III). The District claims

that it is entitled to an award of attorneys’ fees incurred in association with administrative

proceedings brought under the IDEA by Defendants on behalf of their client because Defendants

initiated and continued the litigation below even though their claims were frivolous,

unreasonable, and/or without foundation, or were brought for an improper purpose, such as

increasing the cost of the litigation. The parties have cross-moved for summary judgment. Upon

consideration of the cross-motions, the parties’ respective briefing, the administrative record,

applicable case law and statutory authority, as well as the record of this case as a whole, the
Court DENIES Plaintiff District of Columbia’s [12] Motion for Summary Judgment and

GRANTS-IN-PART and DENIES-IN-PART Defendants’ [13] Motion for Summary Judgment.

Specifically, Defendants’ Motion is GRANTED insofar as Defendants contend that the District

of Columbia is not entitled to attorneys’ fees as asserted in Counts I, II, and III of the Complaint,

but is DENIED insofar as Defendants appear to seek to vacate the December 8, 2008 Hearing

Officer Decision and an award of attorneys’ fees and costs, for the reasons set forth below.

                                        I. BACKGROUND

       As explained above, the present action arises from the District’s request for attorneys’

fees under the IDEA’s fee-shifting provisions. The District argues that it is entitled to an award

of attorneys’ fees incurred in association with (a) a due process complaint filed by Defendants on

October 7, 2008 (hereinafter, “October Due Process Complaint”) and (b) the subsequent due

process hearings held on the merits of that complaint on November 19 and 26, 2008 (hereinafter,

“November Due Process Hearing”). The Court notes that this was the second due process

complaint filed by Defendants as part of a long-standing and continuing dispute between the

parties regarding the District’s compliance with the IDEA. Accordingly, while the instant

litigation focuses only on Defendants’ conduct in relation to this second complaint and related

due process hearing, it is nonetheless necessary to set forth a more fulsome explanation of the

parties’ ongoing litigation below in order to properly understand the parties’ arguments on

appeal. In addition, although the substantive merits of Defendants’ administrative complaints

and the District’s compliance with the IDEA are not at issue in this lawsuit, it is also useful to

briefly set forth the relevant provisions of the IDEA in order to place in context the District’s

claims that Defendants’ conduct in the administrative proceedings below was frivolous or


                                                  2
unreasonable. The Court therefore begins its discussion by first reviewing the relevant statutory

provisions of the IDEA before then turning to discuss the factual and procedural background of

the administrative proceedings below as well as the current litigation. Notwithstanding the

Court’s discussion of these issues, the Court emphasizes that the only question now before the

Court is whether the District is entitled to attorneys’ fees and costs expended in litigating the

October Due Process Complaint and in preparing for and attending the November Due Process

Hearing.

       A.      The IDEA Statutory Framework

       The purpose of the IDEA is “to ensure that all children with disabilities have available to

them a free appropriate public education that emphasizes special education and related services

designed to meet their unique needs . . . .” 20 U.S.C. § 1400(d)(1)(A). “Implicit” in the IDEA’s

guarantee “is the requirement that the education to which access is provided be sufficient to

confer some educational benefit upon the handicapped child.” Bd. of Educ. of Hendrick Hudson

Cent. Sch. Dist. v. Rowley, 458 U.S. 176, 200 (1982). As a condition of receiving funding under

the IDEA, school districts are required to adopt procedures to ensure appropriate educational

placement of disabled students. See 20 U.S.C. § 1413. A student’s eligibility for a FAPE under

the IDEA is determined by the results of testing and evaluating the student, and the findings of a

“multidisciplinary team” (“MDT”) or “individualized education program” (“IEP”) team. Id. §

1414. Such a team consists of the parents and teachers of the disabled student, as well as other

educational specialists, who meet and confer in a collaborative process to determine how best to

accommodate the needs of the student and provide a FAPE. See id. § 1414(d)(1)(B).




                                                  3
       School districts must also develop an IEP, a comprehensive individual education

program, for meeting the special educational needs of each disabled student. See id. §

1414(d)(2)(A). The IEP must be formulated in accordance with the terms of the IDEA and

“should be reasonably calculated to enable the child to achieve passing marks and advance from

grade to grade.” Rowley, 458 U.S. at 204. The IDEA requires IEPs to include statements of

present functional performance, measurable annual goals, how the goals will be measured, and

“the special education and related services and supplementary aids and services . . . to be

provided to the child, or on behalf of the child, and a statement of the program modifications or

supports for school personnel that will be provided for the child.” 20 U.S.C. § 1414(d)(1)(A)(I).

“If no suitable public school is available, the school system must pay the costs of sending the

child to an appropriate private school.” Reid v. District of Columbia, 401 F.3d 516, 519 (D.C.

Cir. 2005) (citation and alterations omitted).

       The IDEA guarantees parents of disabled children the opportunity to participate in the

evaluation and placement process. See 20 U.S .C. §§ 1414(f), 1415(b)(1). Parents who object to

their child’s “identification, evaluation, or educational placement” are entitled to an impartial due

process hearing, see id. §§ 1415(b)(6), (f)(1), at which they have a “right to be accompanied and

advised by counsel” and a “right to present evidence and confront, cross-examine, and compel

the attendance of witnesses,” id. § 1415(h). A qualified impartial hearing officer conducts the

due process hearing in accordance with the Act. 5 D.C. Mun. Regs. § 3030.1.

       Under the IDEA, a party is entitled to attorneys’ fees and costs if he or she is a

“prevailing party.” 20 U.S.C. § 1415(i)(3)(B). A party “aggrieved by” a hearing officer’s

findings and decision may bring a civil action in either state or federal court. Id. § 1415(i)(2); 5


                                                  4
D.C. Mun. Regs. § 3031.5. The district court has remedial authority under the IDEA to grant

“such relief as the court determines is appropriate” under the IDEA as guided by the goals of the

Act. 20 U.S.C. § 1415(i)(2)(C)(iii). This includes discretion to award reasonable attorneys’ fees

to the party that prevails at the hearing. Id. § 1415(i)(3).

       B.      Factual and Procedural Background

       Defendant Barrie is an attorney licensed to practice in the District and was employed at

all relevant times by the co-Defendant in this case, the Law Office of Christopher N. Anwah,

PLLC, located in the District of Columbia. Pl.’s Stmt. ¶¶ 1, 2.1 Defendants represented T.P., an

eight-year-old student whom the District has identified as a student with a disability and in need

of special education. Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 1; Defs.’ Stmt. 1. At the time of the administrative

proceedings below, T.P. attended Aiton Elementary School (“Aiton”), a public school run by the

District of Columbia Public Schools (“DCPS”). Defs.’ Stmt. ¶ 1.

               1.      The August Due Process Complaint

       On August 13, 2008, Defendants filed an initial due process complaint on T.P.’s behalf

(hereinafter, “August Due Process Complaint”), alleging that DCPS: (1) failed to update T.P.’s

triennial evaluations; (2) failed to provide an appropriate placement for the previous two years;



        1
          The Court strictly adheres to the text of Local Civil Rule 7(h) when resolving motions
for summary judgment. See Burke v. Gould, 286 F.3d 513, 519 (D.C. Cir. 2002) (finding district
courts must invoke the local rule before applying it to the case). The Court has advised the
parties that it strictly adheres to Rule 7(h) and has stated that it “assumes facts identified by the
moving party in its statement of material facts are admitted, unless such a fact is controverted in
the statement of genuine issues filed in opposition to the motion.” [10] Order at 3-4 (June 30,
2009). Thus, in most instances the Court shall cite only to one party’s Statement of Material
Facts (“Stmt.”) unless a statement is contradicted by the opposing party, in which case the Court
may cite a party’s Response to the Statement of Material Facts (“Resp.”). The Court shall also
cite directly to evidence in the record, where appropriate.

                                                   5
(3) failed to develop an appropriate IEP for the past two school years; and (4) failed to provide

appropriate educational, related, and special education services for the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008

school years at Aiton. Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 4; see also Pl.’s MSJ, Ex. 1 (Aug. 13, 2008 Due Process

Compl.). Defendants requested that the Hearing Officer order DCPS to: (1) fund a placement of

the parent’s choice, with transportation, at one of several private schools; (2) fund an

independent Vineland Assessment to rule out mental retardation (“MR”); (3) convene an

MDT/IEP meeting to develop an appropriate IEP for T.P.; and (4) provide T.P. with educational

and related services. Pl.’s MSJ, Ex. 1 (Aug. 13, 2008 Due Process Compl.), at 3.

               2.      The September HOD

       A hearing was held on the merits of the August Due Process Complaint, and a Hearing

Officer’s Decision (“HOD”) was subsequently issued on September 18, 2008 (hereinafter,

“September HOD”). Defs.’ Stmt. ¶ 7; see also Admin. Record (“A.R.”) at 129-34 (Sept. 18,

2008 HOD). As set forth therein, the September HOD found that “DCPS has failed to timely

evaluate the student . . . and develop an appropriate IEP,” and that “[t]he delay in appropriately

evaluating the student and the continuing failure to devise an appropriate educational program

has forced the student to languish in an inappropriate placement.” A.R. at 132. The September

HOD therefore ordered that DCPS was required to “fund an independent Vineland Assessment”

and to “convene an IEP/placement meeting within 5 days of receiving the [Vineland

Assessment].” Id. The September HOD further specified that the purpose of the IEP/placement

meeting was to “review the evaluation, determine if additional evaluations are needed, update the

IEP and discuss and determine the need for additional services, and an appropriate placement.”

Id. In addition, DCPS was required to “issue a notice of placement within 5 days of the


                                                 6
placement determination meeting.” Id. Finally, the September HOD noted that DCPS would

“receive a one day extension for every day of delay caused by the Petitioner, the student, or their

representatives.” Id. Neither party appealed the September HOD.

               3.      The Vineland Assessment

       Pursuant to the September HOD, T.P.’s parents arranged for an independent Vineland

Assessment to be conducted at the District’s cost. See Defs.’ Stmt. ¶ 9. The Vineland

Assessment determined that T.P. should be classified as MR in addition to her previously-

identified speech and language classifications. Id. ¶ 10. The Vineland Assessment was

forwarded to DCPS on September 25, 2008, and was received by the District on the same day,

along with a cover letter from Defendants requesting that, “[p]er the HOD, . . . DCPS convene an

MDT/IEP meeting within the allotted timeframe.” Id. ¶ 9; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 7; A.R. at 114. The

IEP/placement meeting, however, did not occur within five days of DCPS’ receipt of the

assessment — i.e., by September 30, 2008. A.R. at 5.

               4.      The October Due Process Complaint

       As of October 7, 2008, having not yet heard from the District as to the scheduling of the

IEP/placement meeting, Defendants filed a second Due Process Complaint on T.P.’s behalf

(hereinafter, the “October Due Process Complaint”). Pl’s Stmt. ¶ 8; see also A.R. at 15-20 (Oct.

7, 2008 Due Process Compl.). The October Due Process Complaint raised allegations similar to

those in the initial August Due Process Complaint, claiming that DCPS: (1) failed to convene the

IEP/placement meeting within five days of receiving the Vineland Assessment, as required by the

September HOD; (2) failed to provide T.P., who at the time remained at Aiton, with an

appropriate placement, as required by the September HOD; (3) failed to develop an appropriate


                                                 7
IEP for T.P. that implemented the findings of the Vineland Assessment; and (4) failed to provide

appropriate educational, related, and special education services for the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008

school years. A.R. at 17. The October Due Process Complaint sought an order requiring DCPS

to: (1) fund a placement of the parent’s choice, with transportation, at one of several private

schools; (2) convene an IEP/placement meeting to develop an appropriate IEP for T.P.; and (3)

provide T.P. with educational and related services. Id.

               5.      An IEP/Placement Meeting is Held on October 31, 2008

       The next day, October 8, 2008, DCPS faxed a “Letter of Invitation/Notice to a Meeting of

the IEP Team” to Annie Pressley, an educational advocate employed by Defendants and assigned

to work with T.P.’s parents, advising that an IEP meeting was scheduled for October 13, 2008.

Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 12. DCPS sent a second letter to Pressley on October 9, 2008, proposing three

additional meeting dates: October 14, 17, or 21, 2008. Id. ¶ 14. Pressley subsequently responded

to DCPS, advising that the proposed dates did not work and requesting that the meeting be held

instead on either October 23 or 31, 2008. Id. ¶ 15.2 DCPS accepted the proposed October 31,

2008 date. Id. ¶ 17.

       The IEP/placement meeting was held as scheduled on October 31, 2008. Id. ¶ 18. A new

IEP was developed at the meeting (hereinafter, “October IEP”). Id. As required by the

September HOD, the IEP team reviewed the Vineland Assessment, determined whether

additional evaluations were needed, updated T.P.’s previous IEP, and discussed and determined



       2
         The parties dispute whether Pressley responded to DCPS on October 8, 2008, as
Defendants claim, or on October 13, 2008, as the District claims. See Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 15; Defs.’
Stmt. ¶ 13. The Court finds that this dispute is immaterial to the present litigation and therefore
need not be resolved.

                                                 8
the need for additional services for T.P. Id. ¶ 20. As is of particular relevance, the team also

concluded that Aiton could not implement the IEP. Defs.’ Stmt. ¶ 14. The IEP team, except for

T.P.’s parent and educational advocate, determined that Tyler Elementary School (“Tyler”) was

an appropriate placement for T.P. Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 20. By contrast, the parent proposed Accotink

Academy as an appropriate placement for T.P. and provided DCPS with an acceptance letter

from the school. Id. ¶ 15. Although there is conflicting testimony and evidence in the record as

to whether the parent explicitly rejected Tyler as an appropriate placement at the October 31

meeting, the IEP/placement meeting notes indicate that “Mrs. Parker [i.e., the parent] and

educational advocate reject Tyler.” Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 24; A.R. at 153. DCPS did not issue a notice of

placement within five days of the IEP/placement meeting as required by the September HOD.

Defs.’ Stmt. ¶ 15. T.P. therefore remained at Aiton, which all parties agreed was an

inappropriate placement. Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 26.3

               6.      The November Due Process Hearing

       A due process hearing was convened on November 19, 2008, and continued to November

26, 2008, with respect to T.P.’s October Due Process Complaint (hereinafter, “November Due

Process Hearing”). Pl.’s Stmt. ¶ 26. Three witnesses were called during the five hours of


       3
          The District maintains that “[t]he IEP/MDT deferred making a final placement decision
at this meeting to afford the parent an opportunity to visit the proposed placement and to see if it
was suitable to her and the student,” but that “[n]either T.P.’s parent nor Ms. Pressley ever
visited Tyler to assess its suitability for T.P. after the IEP meeting.” Pl.’s Stmt.¶ 23.
Accordingly, the District urges that the only reason for the delay in issuing a notice of placement
was the parent’s own conduct and failure to respond to DCPS as to the suitability of Tyler.
Defendants for their part do not dispute that T.P.’s parent never visited Tyler or responded to the
District, but do dispute the District’s contention that the IEP team agreed to defer the issuance of
the placement notice pending the parent’s response. See Defs.’ Resp. ¶ 23. Regardless, for the
reasons set forth below, the Court finds that it need not resolve this dispute as it is not material to
the Court’s decision herein. See infra at pp. 26-27.

                                                   9
hearing — namely, Anne Warnke, an Assistant Educational Director at Accotink Academy, and

Pressley, T.P.’s educational advocate, who both testified on behalf of T.P., and Angela Allen, the

Special Education Coordinator for Aiton, who testified on behalf of DCPS. Id. ¶ 28. During the

course of the November Due Process Hearing, the testimony and evidence presented focused

principally on the first and second claims alleged in the October Due Process Complaint,

specifically: (1) DCPS’ failure to convene an IEP/placement meeting within five days of receipt

of the Vineland Assessment, as required by the September HOD; and (2) the parties’ dispute as

to the proposed placement. See generally 11/19/08 Due Process Hearing Transcript (“11/19/08

Tr.”); 11/26/08 Due Process Hearing Transcript (“11/26/08 Tr.”). The third claim in the October

Due Process Complaint, alleging that DCPS had failed to develop an appropriate IEP, was only

marginally discussed during the November Due Process Hearing; Defendants in fact presented no

evidence that the October IEP developed at the October 31, 2008 meeting was inappropriate, and

the only evidence in the record was Allen’s testimony that the IEP was appropriate. Pl.’s Stmt.

¶¶ 30, 38. Finally, with respect to the fourth allegation in the October Due Process Complaint —

i.e., that DCPS failed to provide appropriate educational, related, and special education services

for the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 school years — the hearing officer made clear that she would

not consider evidence regarding events occurring prior to the issuance of the September HOD, as

“the issue in this case beings with the [September] HOD.” 11/19/08 Tr. at 50. Accordingly, no

evidence or testimony was presented on this final issue.

               7.      The December HOD

       The hearing officer issued her HOD on December 6, 2008 (hereinafter, “December

HOD”). A.R. at 2-10 (Dec. 6, 2008 HOD). As set forth therein, the hearing officer found in


                                                10
favor of DCPS as to the first claim in the October Due Process Complaint, concluding that

Petitioners’ advocates and/or attorney were solely to blame for any delay in scheduling the IEP

meeting following the receipt of the Vineland Assessment by DCPS. Id. at 8. Specifically, the

hearing officer found that Defendants had advised DCPS to provide seven to ten days notice of

any proposed IEP meeting in order to enable counsel to ensure the parents could attend the

proposed meeting. Id.4 The hearing officer further found that T.P.’s educational advocate,

Pressley, had rejected the earlier-proposed dates for the IEP/placement meeting and had herself

proposed the October 31, 2010 meeting date. Id. The hearing officer concluded that “DCPS

should not be held responsible for delays caused by Petitioners, their educational advocate, or

their attorney” because the September HOD explicitly stated that “DCPS was to be provided a

one day extension for every day of delay caused by the Petitioner, the Student, or their

representatives.” Id. Accordingly, the hearing officer held that “Petitioner’s claim that DCPS


       4
          The parties dispute whether this finding by the hearing officer accurately reflects the
testimony provided at the November Due Process Hearing. The District asserts that the finding
is well-supported by the record evidence, and that, regardless, the “Hearing Officer’s decision is
res judicata, and is not subject to collateral attack at this juncture.” Pl.’s Opp’n at 5; Pl.’s Stmt. ¶
40. Defendants contend that the finding is in error as the only testimony provided during the
November Due Process Hearing was that IDEA counsel generally asked DCPS to provide seven
to ten days notice prior to scheduling a meeting — not that Defendants in this case specifically
asked DCPS to provide such advance notice, see 11/26/08 Tr. at 60-61; to the contrary, no
testimony was provided that Defendants in this case specifically requested that they be provided
seven to ten days notice, and the evidence in fact demonstrates that Defendants requested DCPS
schedule the IEP meeting in compliance with the September HOD (i.e., within five days of
receipt of the Vineland Assessment), see A.R. at 114. See Defs.’ Opp’n at 10-11; Defs.’ Resp. ¶
40. While the District is correct that the December HOD is a final decision not subject to
collateral attack and is therefore binding on T.P. and DCPS as to the merits of T.P.’s allegations
in her October Due Process Complaint, whether the hearing officer’s factual findings are equally
binding on Defendants in this action to recover attorneys’ fees is less clear and, unfortunately,
neither party has sufficiently briefed this issue. Regardless, the Court finds that this dispute is
not material to the resolution of the District’s Complaint, for the reasons set forth below. See
infra at pp. 19-21.

                                                  11
denied the Student FAPE by failing to schedule the meeting within five days of receiving the

Vineland is meritless at best.” Id.

        The hearing officer also found in favor of DCPS as to the second allegation in the

October Due Process Complaint that DCPS had failed to provide an appropriate placement for

T.P. Id. at 9. The hearing officer concluded that:

        The IEP team took sufficient steps to involve the Parents in the placement decision.
        . . . Petitioners offered no evidence to counter the IEP team’s assessment that Tyler
        was an appropriate placement. Neither the Parents nor Ms. Pressley ever visited
        Tyler, despite that Ms. Allen had arranged a site visit with the Tyler [special
        education coordinator]. The IEP team did not issue a [prior notice of placement]
        because they were awaiting input from the Parents regarding her impressions of
        Tyler. . . . While Petitioners may have preferred Accotink, IDEA guarantees special
        education students only a “basic floor of opportunity.” Moreover, Petitioners
        presented no evidence that Tyler would not provide the Student the requisite basic
        floor of opportunity. Thus, Petitioners failed to establish by a preponderance of the
        evidence that DCPS failed to provide an appropriate placement for the Student.

Id. (internal citations omitted).

        Turning to the third allegation in the October Due Process Complaint, namely that DCPS

had failed to develop an appropriate IEP, the hearing officer also found for DCPS. Id. The

hearing officer determined that “Petitioners failed to present any evidence about the

appropriateness (or lack thereof) of the IEP,” and that the “only testimony regarding the IEP was

. . . that the IEP was appropriate for the Student.” Id. at 9.

        With respect to the fourth allegation in the October Due Process Complaint regarding the

provision of educational services to T.P. for the 2006-2008 school years, the hearing officer

found that “this claim is res judicata,” as the “exact same claim was brought in Petitioner’s

August 13, 2008 complaint” and “was decided by another hearing officer’s HOD on September

19, 2008.” Id. at 3 n.2. The hearing officer therefore “decline[d] to revisit this claim.” Id.


                                                  12
        Finally, the hearing officer noted that a court may award a local educational agency

attorneys’ fees against a parent’s attorney if the attorney files a complaint or civil action that is

frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation, or for litigation maintained after it became

groundless. Id. at 10. Based on her finding that “Petitioners’ Advocate and/or Counsel were

solely responsible for the delays in scheduling the IEP meeting,” the “Hearing Officer

conclude[d] that Petitioners’ counsel continued to litigate after it was apparent that this issue had

become groundless and after it was apparent that Petitioners were entitled to no relief on this

issue.” Id. As the parties all recognize on appeal, however, this finding by the hearing officer is

not legally binding on this Court.

        The October Due Process Complaint was dismissed with prejudice. Id. The December

HOD was not appealed through the administrative process within the allotted 90-day period. Pl.’s

MSJ at 14; Defs.’ Reply at 4-5.

                8.      The Instant Litigation

        On May 5, 2009, the District filed the Complaint in the instant action. See Compl.,

Docket No. [1]. As set forth therein, the Complaint contains three counts brought under the

IDEA’s fee-shifting provision. Count I asserts that the District is entitled to attorneys’ fees

“[b]ecause Defendants filed the due process complaint alleging untimely scheduling of a meeting

that was not scheduled in a timely manner solely due to Defendants’ own interference, and their

allegations that other requirements of the September 18, 2008 HOD had not been fulfilled were

also the result of their own interference with the scheduling of the MDT/IEP meetings,” such that

“Defendants’ October 7, 2008 due process complaint was frivolous, unreasonable and/or without

foundation.” Id. ¶ 48. Count II alleges that the District is also entitled to attorneys’ fees based


                                                  13
upon the fact that “Defendants continued to litigate after DCPS scheduled an MDT/IEP meeting,

held an MDT/IEP meeting and otherwise fulfilled all requirements of the September 18, 2008

HOD.” Id. ¶ 51. Count III asserts that, based on the above allegations, it is also apparent that

Defendants filed the “October 7, 2008 due process complaint was filed for an improper purpose,

such as to harass, to cause unnecessary delay, or to needlessly increase the cost of litigation.” Id.

¶ 56. The District seeks an award of $3,753.75 in attorneys’ fees and costs for 13.65 hours of

legal work incurred in representing DCPS in the administrative proceedings below. Id. at 10.

       This matter now comes before the Court on the filing of the parties’ Cross-Motions for

Summary Judgment. See Pl.’s MSJ, Docket No. [12]; Defs.’ MSJ, Docket No. [13]. Each party

has also filed an opposition to the opposing party’s motion as well as a reply in support of their

own motion. See Pl.’s Opp’n, Docket No. [15]; Defs.’ Opp’n, Docket No. [16]; Pl.’s Reply,

Docket No. [17]; Defs.’ Reply, Docket No. [18]. In addition, the District has filed the

Administrative Record for this case, see Docket No. [11], which has been deemed authentic and

admissible, see 07/08/09 Min. Order. Briefing with respect to the parties’ Cross-Motions for

Summary Judgment is now complete, and the issues are ripe for the Court’s review and

resolution.

                                    II. LEGAL STANDARD

       The parties have filed cross motions for summary judgment pursuant to Federal Rule of

Civil Procedure 56. Summary judgment is proper when “the pleadings, the discovery [if any]

and disclosure materials on file, and any affidavits show that there is no genuine issue as to any

material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P.

56(c). Under the summary judgment standard, the moving party bears the “initial responsibility


                                                 14
of informing the district court of the basis for its motion, and identifying those portions of the

pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the

affidavits, if any, which it believes demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact.”

Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986) (internal quotation marks omitted). In

response, the non-moving party must “go beyond the pleadings and by [its] own affidavits, or by

the depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, designate specific facts

showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Id. at 324 (internal quotation marks omitted). All

underlying facts and inferences are analyzed in the light most favorable to the non-moving party.

Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247 (1986).

       Although a court should draw all inferences from the supporting records submitted by the

nonmoving party, the mere existence of a factual dispute, by itself, is insufficient to bar summary

judgment. See Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986). To be material, the

factual assertion must be capable of affecting the substantive outcome of the litigation; to be

genuine, the issue must be supported by sufficient admissible evidence that a reasonable trier-of-

fact could find for the nonmoving party. Laningham v. U.S. Navy, 813 F.2d 1236, 1242-43 (D.C.

Cir. 1987); Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. at 251 (the court must determine “whether the evidence

presents a sufficient disagreement to require submission to a jury or whether it is so one-sided

that one party must prevail as a matter of law”). “If the evidence is merely colorable, or is not

sufficiently probative, summary judgment may be granted.” Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. at 249-50

(internal citations omitted). “Mere allegations or denials in the adverse party’s pleadings are

insufficient to defeat an otherwise proper motion for summary judgment.” Williams v.

Callaghan, 938 F. Supp. 46, 49 (D.D.C. 1996). The adverse party must do more than simply


                                                 15
“show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts.” Matsushita Elec. Indus.

Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586 (1986). Instead, while the movant bears the initial

responsibility of identifying those portions of the record that demonstrate the absence of a

genuine issue of material fact, the burden shifts to the non-movant to “come forward with

‘specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.’” Id. at 587 (citing Fed. R. Civ. P.

56(e)) (emphasis in original).

                                         III. DISCUSSION

       The principal question now before the Court is whether the District is entitled to

attorneys’ fees and costs expended in litigating the October Due Process Complaint and in

preparing for and attending the November Due Process Hearing. For a local educational agency

to prevail in an action for attorneys’ fees, it must establish that it was the prevailing party, and

either: (1) the attorney(s) filed a complaint that was “frivolous, unreasonable, or without

foundation,” 20 U.S.C. § 1415(i)(3)(B)(i)(II); or (2) the attorney(s) “continued to litigate after the

litigation clearly became frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation,” 20 U.S.C. §

1415(i)(3)(B)(i)(II); or (3) the attorney(s) brought the complaint for an “improper purpose, such

as to harass, to cause unnecessary delay, or to needlessly increase the cost of litigation,” 20

U.S.C. § 1415(i)(3)(B)(i)(III). The District seeks attorneys’ fees on all three grounds.

       A.      The District is a Prevailing Party

       The Court must first determine whether the District is a “prevailing party.” See 20 U.S.C.

§§ 1415(i)(3)(B)(i)(II)-(III). The D.C. Circuit has articulated a three-part test to establish

prevailing party status: “(1) there must be a ‘court-ordered change in the legal relationship’ of the

parties; (2) the judgment must be in favor of the party seeking the fees; and (3) the judicial


                                                  16
pronouncement must be accompanied by judicial relief.” District of Columbia v. Straus, 590

F.3d 898, 901 (D.C. Cir. 2010) (citing Thomas v. Nat’l Sci. Found., 330 F.3d 486, 492-93 (D.C.

Cir. 2003)). Although the test was initially developed “in connection with requests for fees by

plaintiffs;” the D.C. Circuit has advised that it also applies to fee requests by defendants as well,

although in such circumstances, only the latter two requirements must be satisfied. Id.

(“Although we have developed this test in connection with requests for fees by plaintiffs, we

have applied the latter two requirements to requests by defendants as well.”); see also District of

Columbia v. Nahass, 699 F. Supp. 2d 175, 182 (D.D.C. 2010) (“where a defendant is seeking to

establish ‘prevailing party’ status, that party need not establish a court-ordered change in the

legal relationship of the parties”).

        The Court finds that the District qualifies as a prevailing party. Because the District was

the defendant below, the Court need only determine whether the latter two prongs of the three-

part test outlined above are met. Here, the December HOD dismissed with prejudice the October

Due Process Complaint filed by Defendants on T.P.’s behalf against the District. This decision

in the District’s favor easily satisfies both the second and third prongs of the test set forth in

Straus because the judgment was in favor of DCPS and DCPS was granted judicial relief.

District of Columbia v. West, 669 F. Supp. 2d 273, 278 (D.D.C. 2010) (Kennedy, J.) (“Courts in

this and other Circuits have determined that a Hearing Officer’s dismissal on the merits of a due

process complaint that has not been appealed warrants a finding that a state educational agency or

local educational agency is a prevailing party.”) (citing District of Columbia v. Ijeabuonwu, 631

F. Supp. 2d 101, 105 (D.D.C. 2009)); see also Nahass, 699 F. Supp. 2d at 182 (same).




                                                  17
         Defendants’ arguments to the contrary are without merit. In particular, Defendants

argue that the District is not a prevailing party because “the Hearing Officer was wrong in her

assessment of the facts” in this case, such that the December HOD was decided in error. Defs.’

MSJ at 12-15; Defs.’ Opp’n at 10-15. Defendants, however, did not appeal the December HOD,

and that decision dismissing the action in the District’s favor is final. While Defendants may

continue to believe the December 2008 HOD was in error, it nonetheless remains that the

decision is final and awarded judgment in the District’s favor with accompanying judicial relief.

The District therefore qualifies as a prevailing party under the IDEA’s fee-shifting provisions.

       B.      The October Due Process Complaint Filed by Defendants Was Not Frivolous,
               Unreasonable, or Without Foundation

       A prevailing local educational agency is entitled to attorneys’ fees if, inter alia, “the

attorney . . . files a complaint or subsequent cause of action that is frivolous, unreasonable, or

without foundation.” 20 U.S.C. § 1415(i)(3)(B)(i)(II). The District contends in Count I of its

Complaint that it is entitled to attorneys’ fees “[b]ecause Defendants filed the due process

complaint alleging untimely scheduling of a meeting that was not scheduled in a timely manner

solely due to Defendants’ own interference, and their allegations that other requirements of the

September 18, 2008 HOD had not been fulfilled were also the result of their own interference

with the scheduling of the MDT/IEP meetings,” such that “Defendants’ October 7, 2008 due

process complaint was frivolous, unreasonable and/or without foundation.” Compl. ¶ 48.

       As explained above, the September HOD required DCPS to “convene an IEP/placement

meeting within 5 days of receiving the [Vineland Assessment].” A.R. at 132. The District

received the Vineland Assessment on September 25, 2008. Defs.’ Stmt. ¶ 9. Accordingly,



                                                 18
DCPS was required to convene the IEP/placement meeting by no later than September 30, 2008.

As of October 7, 2008, the District had not yet contacted Defendants to schedule the IEP/MDT

meeting, and Defendants therefore filed the October Due Process Complaint at issue. Pl’s Stmt.

¶ 8; see also A.R. at 15-20. Defendants alleged on T.P.’s behalf that DCPS had failed to convene

the MDT/IEP meeting within five days of receiving the Vineland Assessment, as required by the

September HOD and consequently had also failed to provide T.P. with an appropriate placement

or develop an appropriate IEP, as required by the September HOD. A.R. at 17. It is therefore

clear that the principal impetus in filing this second complaint was DCPS’ failure to timely

convene the IEP/placement meeting as required by the September HOD. As such, the Court does

not find that the October Due Process Complaint was frivolous or without foundation. Nor was

the filing of the October Due Process Complaint wholly unreasonable. While it may have been

sensible for Defendants to confer with the District before filing their complaint, “the Court is

unaware of any case authority — and the District cites none — standing for the proposition that a

party has either a duty to confer with the opposing party before filing a due process complaint, or

a duty to abstain for a given amount of time before acting on a perceived denial of an education

service or benefit.” Nahass, 699 F. Supp. 2d at 184.

       The District’s arguments to the contrary are without merit. Specifically, the District

argues that the October Due Process Complaint “should never have been filed” as the

“Defendants knew at the time . . . that the only reason the IEP meeting was delayed was because

they had previously requested that DCPS afford them seven to ten business days advance notice

before scheduling a meeting — thereby automatically precluding DCPS from convening a

meeting within five days.” Pl.’s MSJ at 20. As noted above, the parties dispute whether


                                                 19
Defendants in fact requested that they be provided seven to ten days advance notice. See supra at

p. 19 n. 4. On review of the administrative record in this case, the Court finds that the evidence

does not support the conclusion that Defendants made such a request in this particular case. The

only testimony on this point indicated that, as a general matter, IDEA counsel typically request

that DCPS provide seven to ten days advance notice; there is no evidence in the record, however,

that these specific Defendants made such a request in this particular case and, indeed, the only

evidence in the record indicates Defendants requested the meeting be convened within the time

limits set forth in the September HOD — i.e., five days within receipt of the Vineland

Assessment. See A.R. at 114 (requesting that, “[p]er the HOD, . . . DCPS convene an MDT/IEP

meeting within the allotted timeframe”).

       The Court, however, need not resolve this dispute as even assuming Defendants made

such a request, this fact by itself does not render the filing of the October Due Process Complaint

frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation. As the Court understands the District’s

argument, the District asserts that this alleged request by Defendants for advance notice extended

the time period within which the District was required to convene the IEP/placement meeting

under the September HOD. That is, because the District was required to give seven to ten days

advance notice, the IEP/placement meeting could not have occurred within the five days ordered

in the September HOD and, indeed, could not have occurred any earlier than seven to ten days

after DCPS received the Vineland Assessment. See Pl.’s MSJ at 20. However, even assuming

that Defendants made such a request for advance notice and that this informal agreement

trumped the September HOD requirement that a meeting be convened within five days — two

assumptions which by themselves are problematic — this argument does not mean that the


                                                20
District’s conduct was timely. Ten days from the date of the District’s receipt of the Vineland

Assessment on September 25, 2008, was October 5, 2008. It is undisputed that the District did

not convene the IEP/placement meeting, let alone contact Defendants, by October 5, 2008, or

indeed by October 7, 2008, the date on which the complaint was filed.5

       In a final effort to demonstrate that the October Due Process Complaint was nonetheless

frivolous when filed, the District emphasizes in its Motion for Summary Judgment that the

October Due Process Complaint also contained the allegation that DCPS failed to provide

appropriate education services to T.P. for the 2006-2007 and 2007-20008. Pl.’s MSJ at 21-23.

The District emphasizes that this same allegation had already been litigated and decided in T.P.’s

favor by the September HOD. Id. The District therefore urges that inclusion of this claim

rendered the October Due Process Complaint frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation


       5
          The District counters that the Court should consider only business days, not calendar
days, in calculating the ten day time frame at issue because it is “DCPS’ practice to count
business days, not weekends and holidays.” Pl.’s MSJ at 20 n.5. The Court notes that this
argument is advanced solely in a footnote in the District’s Motion for Summary Judgment, and
the District has not offered any supporting legal authority; indeed, the District admits that the
hearing officer herself determined that the applicable time period should be calculated using
calendar days. Id. Given the District’s failure to fully explain and support this argument, which
it addressed solely in a footnote, the Court need not consider it here. See Hutchins v. District of
Columbia, 188 F.3d 531, 539 n. 3 (D.C. Cir. 1999) (“We need not consider cursory arguments
made only in a footnote . . . .”). Regardless, even if the Court were to consider this argument,
which it does not, it would not alter the Court’s decision herein. The District appears to argue
that its conduct was timely because: (a) DCPS first contacted Defendants on October 9, 2008,
which was only nine business days after receipt of the Vineland Assessment; (b) pursuant to
Defendants’ alleged request for seven to ten business days advance notice, the earliest the
District could have convened the meeting was October 10, 2008; therefore (c) DCPS timely
contacted Defendants before the expiration of the ten business day time period for convening the
IEP/placement meeting. This reasoning suffers from a key flaw, however, as it conflates the
District’s obligation to convene the IEP/placement meeting with its obligation to give advance
notice of such meeting. Indeed, by waiting nine business days to contact Defendants, the District
in fact ensured that the meeting could not convene within the ten business day period that the
District contends is at issue.

                                                21
when filed. Id. As an initial matter, this particular assertion is not included in the District’s

Complaint. Rather, in alleging that the October Due Process Complaint was frivolous when

filed, the District focused solely on the timing issues discussed above and did not allege that the

inclusion of this additional claim relating to the 2006-2008 school years was a basis for finding

that Defendants acted unreasonably. See Compl. ¶¶ 46-49. It is well established that a party may

not amend its complaint or broaden its claims through summary judgment briefing. See Sloan v.

Urban Title Servs., Inc., 652 F. Supp. 2d 51, 63 (D.D.C. 2009) (“Plaintiff cannot amend her

complaint by . . . filing a motion for summary judgment; she must amend her complaint in

accordance with Fed. R. Civ.P. 15(a).”); see also DSMC Inc. v. Convera Corp., 479 F. Supp. 2d

68, 84 (D.D.C. 2007) (rejecting the plaintiff’s attempt to broaden claims and thereby amend its

complaint in opposition to defendant’s motion for summary judgment). Regardless, even if the

Court were to consider this argument, the Court is not persuaded that the inclusion of this single

additional allegation does not render the October Due Process Complaint wholly frivolous or

unreasonable. This is particularly so given that, at the time the October Due Process Complaint

was filed, the District had not yet taken the steps necessary to remedy its proven failure to

provide appropriate education services to T.P. for the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 school years.

       The Court therefore finds that the filing of the October Due Process Complaint was not

frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation. It may be, as the hearing officer concluded in the

December HOD, that the subsequent delay in scheduling the IEP/placement meeting after DCPS

made initial contact with Defendants was solely due to Defendants’ own scheduling preferences,

given that the Defendants rejected the earlier available dates and proposed the later October 31,

2010 date. However, at the time Defendants filed the October Due Process Complaint, the


                                                  22
District had failed to timely schedule an IEP/placement meeting as required by the September

HOD, and, as a consequence of this failure,T.P. remained in an inappropriate placement (Aiton)

without an appropriate IEP. The Court therefore DENIES the District’s [12] Motion for

Summary Judgment and GRANTS Defendants’ [13] Motion for Summary Judgment as to Count

I of the District’s Complaint.

        C.      Defendants’ Continued Litigation of the October Due Process Complaint Was Not
                Frivolous, Unreasonable, or Without Foundation

        Alternatively, a prevailing local educational agency is entitled to attorneys’ fees if, inter

alia, “the attorney . . . continued to litigate after the litigation clearly became frivolous,

unreasonable, or without foundation.” 20 U.S.C. § 1415(i)(3)(B)(i)(II). The District contends in

Count II of its Complaint that it is entitled to attorneys’ fees because “Defendants continued to

litigate after DCPS scheduled an MDT/IEP meeting, held an MDT/IEP meeting and otherwise

fulfilled all requirements of the September 18, 2008 HOD.” Compl. ¶ 51. The Court does not

agree. At the time of the November Due Process Hearing, DCPS had not yet issued a notice of

placement, as required by the September HOD. It was also readily apparent that an outstanding

dispute remained between the parties as to the appropriate placement for T.P. The parties

proceeded to litigate their dispute as to placement at the November Due Process Hearing, and the

hearing officer ruled in the District’s favor in the December HOD, finding that DCPS’ proposed

placement at Tyler was appropriate. Accordingly, as there remained a substantive dispute

between the parties at the time of the November Due Process Hearing, the Court finds that the

Defendants’ continued litigation of the October Due Process Complaint was not frivolous,

unreasonable, or without foundation. Cf. Ijeabuonwu, 631 F. Supp. 2d at 105 (finding continued



                                                   23
litigation was frivolous where “defendants continued with the administrative hearing, even

though no substantive disputes remained between them and DCPS and no further relief could be

provided”) (emphasis in original).

        The Court is not persuaded by the District’s arguments to the contrary. First, the Distirct

contends that Defendants’ conduct was nonetheless frivolous, unreasonable, and unfounded

because “Defendants forced DCPS to participate in two administrative hearing sessions to litigate

the question of whether or not DCPS had convened an IEP meeting to review the Vineland

assessment for T.P. or had developed an IEP for her based upon that assessment, knowing that an

IEP meeting had in fact been convened and an IEP had indeed been developed.” Pl.’s MSJ at 25.

This assertion, however, is based on an inaccurate characterization of the November Due Process

Hearing. As review of the transcript for the November Due Process Hearing demonstrates, the

focus of that hearing was not on the question of whether an IEP/placement meeting had been

convened and an IEP developed. Rather, as explained above, the administrative hearing focused

almost exclusively on those substantive disputes that remained between the parties at that time —

namely, the reason for the delay in convening the IEP/placement meeting, whether that delay

harmed T.P., and the appropriateness of DCPS’ proposed placement. While Defendants

ultimately did not prevail on either issue based on the hearing officer’s conclusion that

Defendants had failed to present sufficient evidence on these issues, the Court does not find that

this justifies attorneys’ fees in this case.

        Second, the District argues that Defendants’ continued litigation of the claim that DCPS

failed to develop an appropriate IEP was frivolous and without foundation as Defendants failed

to present any evidence at the November Due Process Hearing to challenge the validity of the


                                                 24
IEP. Pl.’s MSJ at 25-26. The District is correct that Defendants did not argue at the November

Due Process Hearing that the October IEP was inappropriate nor did Defendants present any

evidence on this point. While the more expedient course of action may have been for Defendants

to withdraw this specific claim at the hearing, the Court does not find that their failure to do so

by itself supports a finding that the District is entitled to attorneys’ fees. As discussed above, a

substantive dispute remained between the parties as to other claims for relief in the October Due

Process Complaint, and the decision to continue to litigate the complaint was therefore neither

frivolous or without foundation. See Nahass, 699 F. Supp. 2d at 184 (fact that one of the claims

had been rendered moot by the time of the administrative hearing did not mean that attorneys

acted frivolously or unreasonably when they continued to litigate the due process complaint

because the other requests for relief in the complaint remained in dispute).

       Third, the District argues that although a substantive dispute remained between the

parties as to the appropriate placement for T.P., this dispute did not justify continued litigation of

the October Due Process Complaint because no final placement decision had yet been made and

any substantive challenges to the placement decision would have been required to be the subject

of a new due process complaint. Pl.’s MSJ at 26. According to the District, “[w]hile Defendants

sought to focus the November hearing sessions on the proposed placement, any question with

that placement decision was beyond the scope of the September 18 HOD and the October 7

complaint.” Id. Significantly, however, the District made no such argument to the hearing

officer below. Both parties’ evidence and testimony at the November Due Process Hearing

focused largely on the appropriateness of DCPS’ proposed placement, without objection by

either party. The hearing officer herself described the matter as a “placement case” and


                                                  25
recognized that T.P. and her parents sought relief in the form of an “order [as to] placement.”

See 11/19/08 Tr. at 71 (hearing officer described the matter as a “placement case” and recognized

that T.P. and her parents sought relief in the form of an “order [as to] placement”). Consistent

with that understanding, the December HOD made a final ruling on the issue, finding that DCPS’

proposed placement at Tyler was appropriate. A.R. at 9-10 (December HOD). That decision

was not appealed by either party on the basis that it was beyond the hearing officer’s authority.

Consequently, the issue was finally resolved, and T.P. is now attending Tyler. Defs.’ Resp. ¶ 5.

       Moreover, by failing to make a final placement decision, DCPS was in violation of the

September HOD, which required DCPS to “issue a notice of placement within 5 days of the

placement determination meeting.” A.R. at 132 (September HOD). DCPS therefore had not

“fulfilled all requirements of the September 18, 2008 HOD,” as it now claims. Compl. ¶ 51. The

District attempts to argue that the failure to issue the final placement decision was due solely to

Defendants’ own failure to cooperate with DCPS. In particular, the District contends that no

final placement notice was issued because DCPS was waiting for T.P.’s parent to visit Tyler and

to advise DCPS whether that placement was appropriate. Pl.’s MSJ at 26-27. The Court notes,

however, that the evidence in the record indicates that DCPS itself understood at the time of the

October 31, 2008 IEP/placement meeting that T.P.’s parents had rejected the proposed placement

at Tyler. See A.R. at 153. If that was the case, there was no need for DCPS to wait for a further

response from the parent. Regardless, the September HOD found that T.P.’s current placement

in Aiton was inappropriate and placed the burden on DCPS to issue a notice of appropriate

placement within five days of the meeting. The Court is not persuaded by the District’s

argument that it was excused from this obligation because of the parent’s conduct in this case,


                                                 26
such that the District could refrain from issuing a final notice of placement and allow T.P. to

remain in Aiton indefinitely, a placement that all parties agree was inappropriate for the student,

solely because the parent did not visit Tyler. As DCPS had not fully complied with the

September HOD and a dispute remained as to an appropriate placement for T.P., Defendants’

continued litigation of the October Due Process Complaint was not frivolous, unreasonable, or

without foundation.     Accordingly, the Court DENIES the District’s [12] Motion for Summary

Judgment and GRANTS Defendants’ [13] Motion for Summary Judgment as to Count II of the

District’s Complaint.

       D.      The District Has Not Shown that Defendants Initiated and Continued to Litigate
               the October Due Process Complaint for Improper Purposes

       Finally, a prevailing local educational agency is entitled to attorneys’ fees if, inter alia,

“the parent’s complaint or subsequent cause of action was presented for any improper purpose,

such as to harass, to cause unnecessary delay, or to needlessly increase the cost of litigation.” 20

U.S.C. § 1415(i)(3)(B)(i)(III). In Count III of the Complaint, the District alleges that “October 7,

2008 due process complaint was filed for an improper purpose, such as to harass, to cause

unnecessary delay, or to needlessly increase the cost of litigation.” Id. ¶ 56. The District’s sole

argument in support of this claim, however, is that because Defendants acted frivolously or

unreasonably in filing the October Due Process Complaint and in continuing to litigate the

allegations therein, it is evident that Defendants acted in bad faith in this case. See Pl.’s MSJ at

30. As the Court has already determined that Defendants did not act frivolously or unreasonably

in initiating and litigating the October Due Process Complaint, Count III of the District’s

Complaint must fail as well. Accordingly, the Court DENIES the District’s [12] Motion for



                                                 27
Summary Judgment and GRANTS Defendants’ [13] Motion for Summary Judgment as to Count

III of the District’s Complaint.

       E.      Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment is Denied Insofar as Defendants
               Appear to Seek to Vacate the December HOD and Request an Award of
               Attorneys’ Fees and Costs

       Finally, the Court turns to Defendants’ Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment. As set

forth therein, Defendants argue that the District brought the instant lawsuit “as a form of

intimidation,” and Defendants are therefore entitled to an award of “attorneys’ fees and costs for

this action and the administrative proceedings.” Defs.’ MSJ at 19. Defendants, however, have

not provided the Court with any legal authority supporting their request for an award of

attorneys’ fees or costs. To the extent Defendants seek an award of attorneys’ fees incurred in

association with the October Due Process Complaint and the November Due Process Hearing,

Defendants were not a prevailing party, as required for an award of attorney’s fees under 20

U.S.C. § 1415(i)(3)(B)(i)(I). Alternatively, to the extent Defendants seek an award of attorneys’

fees in connection with the instant litigation, Defendants have not provided a sufficient legal

basis to overcome the general rule against awarding attorneys’ fees to successful litigants. See

Alyeska Pipeline Serv. Co. v. Wilderness Soc’y, 421 U.S. 240, 247 (1975); see also Nahass, 699

F. Supp. 2d at 185 (D.D.C. 2010) (refusing defendants’ request for attorneys’ fees). Moreover,

while Defendants contend the District brought this suit for improper reasons, “the District had a

reasonable belief that it could prevail in this litigation, in light of the Hearing Officer’s erroneous

but understandable conclusion” that Defendants had continued to litigate after it was apparent

they were entitled to no relief. Nahass, 699 F. Supp. 2d at 185.




                                                  28
       Defendants also appear to seek an order “vacat[ing] the Hearing Officer’s Decision

entered [on] December 8, 2008.” Defs.’ MSJ at 19. Again, Defendants provide no statutory

basis or any case law to support this request. While Defendants were entitled to bring an action

in either state or federal court challenging the December HOD pursuant to 20 U.S.C. §

1415(i)(2), they did not do so and the Court is without legal authority to vacate that decision in

the present action. Accordingly, Defendants’ [13] Motion for Summary Judgment is DENIED

insofar as Defendants appear to seek to vacate the December 8, 2008 Hearing Officer Decision

and an award of attorneys’ fees and costs.

                                       IV. CONCLUSION

       For the reasons set forth above, Plaintiff District of Columbia’s [12] Motion for Summary

Judgment is DENIED and Defendants’ [13] Motion for Summary Judgment is GRANTED-IN-

PART and DENIED-IN-PART. Specifically, Defendants’ Motion is GRANTED insofar as

Defendants contend that the District of Columbia is not entitled to attorneys’ fees as asserted in

Counts I, II, and III of the Complaint, but is DENIED insofar as Defendants appear to seek to

vacate the December 8, 2008 Hearing Officer Decision and an award of attorneys’ fees and costs.

The instant case is dismissed in its entirety. An appropriate order has previously been issued.

Date: October 4, 2010

                                                           /s/
                                                      COLLEEN KOLLAR-KOTELLY
                                                      United States District Judge




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