                        This opinion will be unpublished and
                        may not be cited except as provided by
                        Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

                             STATE OF MINNESOTA
                             IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                   A15-1275

                    In the Matter of the Welfare of the Children of:
                         D. M. J., D. A. H. and J. J. W., Parents

                              Filed December 14, 2015
                                     Affirmed
                                    Smith, Judge

                             Swift County District Court
                               File No. 76-JV-15-148

Matthew P. Franzese, Wheaton, Minnesota (for appellant D.M.J.)

D.A.H., Hancock, Minnesota (pro se respondent)

J.J.W., Benson, Minnesota (pro se respondent)

Danielle H. Olson, Swift County Attorney, Matthew B. Novak, Assistant County
Attorney, Benson, Minnesota (for respondent Swift County Human Services)

Susan Marsolek, Ortonville, Minnesota (guardian ad litem)

      Considered and decided by Bjorkman, Presiding Judge; Smith, Judge; and

Klaphake, Judge.





 Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to
Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10.
                           UNPUBLISHED OPINION

SMITH, Judge

       We affirm the district court’s adjudications of E.A.H. and D.J.W. as children in

need of protection or services (CHIPS) because the record is sufficient to support the

district court’s finding of educational neglect.

                                          FACTS

       At some point before the 2014-2015 school year, appellant-mother D.M.J.

transferred E.A.H. and D.J.W.1 from the Benson school system to Glacial Hills

Elementary School in Starbuck, approximately 20 miles away.        Because they lived

outside of the regular bus route for Glacial Hills Elementary School, D.M.J. drove the

children to and from school. During the 2014-2015 school year, E.A.H. was absent from

school 32.5 days and tardy an additional 38 days and D.J.W. was absent from school 30.5

days and tardy an additional 32 days. This amounted to approximately one-third to one-

half of the school year.

       In late November 2014, respondent Swift County Human Services (SCHS)

received truancy-prevention referrals from Glacial Hills Elementary School.      After

unsuccessfully attempting to work with the family, SCHS filed a CHIPS petition on

behalf of E.A.H. and D.J.W., alleging educational neglect under Minn. Stat. § 260C.007,

subd. 6(3) (2014).




1
  At the time of the CHIPS adjudications, E.A.H. was 12 years old and D.J.W. was 9
years old.

                                              2
       At trial, D.M.J. “admitted that the children missed a considerable amount of

school during the 2014-2015 school year,” but stated that the attendance problems were

caused by car troubles and illnesses. D.M.J. also stated that she was unable to call

Glacial Hills Elementary School to excuse the children because she did not have a phone.

D.M.J. was concerned about her children’s attendance and the possibility that they might

fall behind in school work but “expressed frustration” with the county for failing to help

her repair her vehicle.    D.M.J. explained that she wanted financial assistance, not

services, and did not want to interact with SCHS.

       During the 2014-2015 school year, D.J.W. continued to receive As and Bs and to

attend speech therapy several days per week. But E.A.H.’s grades slipped from As and

Bs to Cs and Ds. Glacial Hills Elementary School Principal Deb Mathias explained that

school attendance was “particularly important” for E.A.H. because he had an

individualized education program (IEP) and often attended special classes. According to

Principal Mathias, E.A.H. “had come out of his shell during the 2013-2014 school year,

but reverted back to a closed-up and introverted student as the consistency of his school

attendance decreased.” E.A.H. was often unable to participate in the social-skills track of

his IEP because it took place before classes began in the morning, and his absences and

tardiness precluded his participation in his IEP.

       D.M.J. argued to the district court that SCHS could not show she was

educationally neglectful because both children passed their respective grades and the

absences did not affect their school work. The district court disagreed and adjudicated

E.A.H. and D.J.W. as CHIPS.


                                              3
                                      DECISION

       To adjudicate a child as CHIPS, a district court must conclude that at least one

statutory basis in Minn. Stat. § 260C.007, subd. 6 (2014) exists and that the child “needs

protection or services as a result.” In re Welfare of Child of S.S.W., 767 N.W.2d 723, 732

(Minn. App. 2009). “Findings in a CHIPS proceeding will not be reversed unless clearly

erroneous,” meaning that the reviewing court is left “with the definite and firm conviction

that a mistake has been made.” In re Welfare of B.A.B., 572 N.W.2d 776, 778 (Minn.

App. 1998) (quotation omitted). We “closely inquire into the sufficiency of the evidence

to determine whether the evidence is clear and convincing.” Id. (quotation omitted).

“Considerable deference is due to the district court’s decision because a district court is in

a superior position to assess the credibility of witnesses.” In re Welfare of L.A.F., 554

N.W.2d 393, 396 (Minn. 1996).

       A district court may adjudicate a child as CHIPS when it finds that the child is

being deprived of an education “because the child’s parent . . . is unable or unwilling to

provide [it].” Minn. Stat. § 260C.007, subd. 6(3). Unlike habitual truancy, which

focuses on the behavior of the child, “educational neglect focuses on the behavior of the

parent.” B.A.B., 572 N.W.2d at 779. In B.A.B., we affirmed a CHIPS adjudication for

educational neglect when the child was absent at least 20 days and tardy at least nine

days. Id. at 777 (explaining that the attendance system did not record all of the child’s

absences). We stated that “the parent’s persistent failure to ensure [the child’s] regular

attendance at school warranted the CHIPS adjudication,” even though the child was




                                              4
sometimes absent due to illness and the parent was not “indifferent” regarding the child’s

welfare. Id. at 779.

       D.M.J. acknowledges our holding in B.A.B. but asks us to adopt a new standard for

educational-neglect cases that requires both “a large number of absent/tardy days” and

actual harm to the child’s education and academic performance. While we require a

“severe deprivation of education . . . to warrant a CHIPS determination and removal”

from the home, In re Welfare of T.K., 475 N.W.2d 88, 93 (Minn. App. 1991), we rejected

applying the severe-deprivation standard “when the disposition does not involve the

drastic step of removing the child from the home,” B.A.B., 572 N.W.2d at 779.

       Because we have previously rejected a similar argument that a CHIPS

adjudication for educational neglect requires proof of harm to the child’s education, we

decline to adopt D.M.J.’s proposed standard. See B.A.B., 572 N.W.2d at 779; Tereault v.

Palmer, 413 N.W.2d 283, 286 (Minn. App. 1987) (“[T]he task of extending existing law

falls to the supreme court or the legislature, but it does not fall to this court.”), review

denied (Minn. Dec. 18, 1987). We also note that D.M.J.’s proposed standard improperly

places the focus of a CHIPS petition for educational neglect on the child’s behavior rather

than the parent’s. See B.A.B., 572 N.W.2d at 779.

       Under our existing caselaw, we conclude that the district court’s finding of

educational neglect was not clearly erroneous.       “A child’s absence from school is

presumed to be due to the parent’s . . . failure to comply with compulsory instruction

laws if the child is under 12 years old and the school has made appropriate efforts to

resolve the child’s attendance problems . . . .” Minn. Stat. § 260C.163, subd. 11(a)


                                             5
(2014).2 E.A.H. and D.J.W. were each absent over 30 days and tardy over an additional

30 days. Even though some of the absences were due to illness and D.M.J. admitted she

was concerned about the absences, D.M.J. was unable to ensure the children’s regular

attendance at school. See B.A.B., 572 N.W.2d at 779. School attendance is critical to

both children because they receive special services, but is especially critical to E.A.H.

due to his IEP.     See id.   As in B.A.B., D.M.J.’s “persistent failure to ensure [the

children’s] regular attendance at school warranted the CHIPS adjudication[s].” See id.

Therefore, the district court’s findings were not clearly erroneous.

       Affirmed.




2
  It appears that E.A.H. turned 12 during the 2014-2015 school year. But neither party
suggests that the absences after E.A.H.’s 12th birthday should therefore be attributed to
him. See Minn. Stat. § 260C.163, subd. 11(a) (stating that, when a child is 12 years old
or older, any unexcused absences are “presumed to be due to the child’s intent to be
absent from school”).

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