Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not
be regarded as precedent or cited
before any court except for the purpose
                                                         Jun 26 2013, 8:37 am
of establishing the defense of res
judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law
of the case.



ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                     ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:

ERIN L. BERGER                              DANIEL JANKOWSKI
Evansville, Indiana                         DCS, Local Office in Vanderburgh County
                                            Evansville, Indiana

                                            ROBERT J. HENKE
                                            DCS, Central Administration
                                            Indianapolis, Indiana

                              IN THE
                    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
IN THE MATTER OF THE TERMINATION     )
OF THE PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP OF: )
                                     )
K.W., Minor Child,                   )
                                     )
              and,                   )
                                     )
D.F., Father,                        )
                                     )
       Appellant-Respondent,         )
                                     )
               vs.                   )           No. 82A04-1210-JT-523
                                     )
THE INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF            )
CHILD SERVICES,                      )
                                     )
       Appellee-Petitioner.          )

                APPEAL FROM THE VANDERBURGH SUPERIOR COURT
                     The Honorable Renee A. Ferguson, Magistrate
                            Cause No. 82D01-1205-JT-63
                                       June 26, 2013

               MEMORANDUM DECISION – NOT FOR PUBLICATION

BARNES, Judge

                                     Case Summary

       D.F. (“Father”) appeals the termination of his parental rights to K.W. We affirm.

                                           Issue

       Father raises one issue, which we restate as whether the evidence is sufficient to

sustain the termination of his parental rights to K.W.

                                           Facts

       K.W. was born on July 10, 2008, to Father and Ke.W. (“Mother”). On October

29, 2010, while in Georgia, Father physically abused K.W., resulting in severe brain

damage, a lacerated liver, damage to her bowels, and bite marks to her back, breast,

buttocks, and inner thigh/vaginal area.      Father was charged with sixteen criminal

offenses, including attempted murder, cruelty to children, aggravated battery, and

aggravated assault.

       K.W. was hospitalized in Georgia and then was moved to an Indianapolis hospital.

There, Mother received training on caring for K.W., including feeding K.W. through her

feeding tube. K.W. was released to Mother on January 13, 2011. On February 14, 2011,

K.W. arrived at a hospital in Evansville and was severely dehydrated, malnourished, and




                                             2
feverish. K.W. was removed from Mother’s care, and as a result of the incident, Mother

was charged with child neglect resulting in serious bodily injury. 1

        The Department of Child Services (“DCS”) filed a petition alleging that K.W. was

a child in need of services (“CHINS”), which the trial court granted on March 2, 2011.

K.W. was placed in foster care, where she has remained. Father has been incarcerated in

Georgia since March 2, 2011 and has not seen K.W. since October 29, 2010. In June

2011, Father was found guilty of fifteen of the sixteen charges against him, including the

attempted murder and aggravated battery charges. The Georgia court sentenced him to

forty years with the last five years suspended to probation. As a condition of probation,

Father is not allowed to have contact with K.W. or any other child under the age of ten

years old.

        On May 30, 2012, DCS filed a petition to terminate Father’s parental rights. At a

hearing on July 19, 2012, Father appeared by telephone. He testified that his mother

could take guardianship of K.W. and that his mother was a licensed foster parent. Father

admitted that he had taken prescription medications to control his anger, but he stopped

taking them in 2009 because he felt like he did not need the medications anymore. Father

also claimed that he was taking barber classes and parenting classes in prison and that he

was trying to take a substance abuse class due to his use of marijuana. The current DCS

family case manager recommended that Father’s rights be terminated because K.W.

needs permanency and stability. DCS’s plan was for K.W.’s foster parents to adopt her.


1
  Mother later pled guilty to Class D felony child neglect, and she voluntarily relinquished her parental
rights to K.W.
                                                   3
       The trial court entered findings of fact and conclusions thereon granting the

petition to terminate Father’s parental rights. The trial court found in part:

              19.    The father is an extremely violent individual and was
                     found by a jury of his peers to have inflicted serious
                     injuries on the Child and to have attempted to murder
                     the Child.

              20.    Moreover, it is impossible for the father to parent the
                     Child from state prison in Georgia, which even the
                     father admits.

              21.    The father asks for more time to pursue an appeal of
                     his criminal charges or have the Child wait until he is
                     released. However, the Father should not be given
                     more time. The Child is in need of permanency now.
                     The Child has just turned four (4) years old and sadly
                     has been placed in foster care for roughly half her
                     young life. It is not in the Child’s best interest to make
                     the Child continue to wait for a permanent, stable
                     home, until the father is released [from] incarceration.

              22.    The Court Appointed Special Advocate recommends
                     that the father’s rights be terminated.

              23.    The Child has done very well while in foster care.

              24.    For these reasons, and based on the Father’s history as
                     outlined throughout the findings above, termination of
                     father’s parental rights is the permanency plan which
                     is in the best interests of the [child].

App. pp. 15-16. Father now appeals.

                                          Analysis

       Father argues that the evidence is insufficient to sustain the termination of his

parental rights. The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects

the traditional right of parents to establish a home and raise their children. In re I.A., 934


                                              4
N.E.2d 1127, 1132 (Ind. 2010). “A parent’s interest in the care, custody, and control of

his or her children is ‘perhaps the oldest of the fundamental liberty interests.’” Id.

(quoting Troxel v. Granville, 530 U.S. 57, 65, 120 S. Ct. 2054 (2000)). “Indeed the

parent-child relationship is ‘one of the most valued relationships in our culture.’” Id.

(quoting Neal v. DeKalb County Div. of Family & Children, 796 N.E.2d 280, 285 (Ind.

2003)). We recognize of course that parental interests are not absolute and must be

subordinated to the child’s interests when determining the proper disposition of a petition

to terminate parental rights. Id. (citing In re D.D., 804 N.E.2d 258, 264-65 (Ind. Ct. App.

2004), trans. denied)). Thus, “[p]arental rights may be terminated when the parents are

unable or unwilling to meet their parental responsibilities.”     Id. (quoting D.D., 804

N.E.2d at 265).

       When reviewing the termination of parental rights, we do not reweigh the

evidence or judge witness credibility. Id. We consider only the evidence and reasonable

inferences that are most favorable to the judgment. Id. We must also give “due regard”

to the trial court’s unique opportunity to judge the credibility of the witnesses. Id.

(quoting Ind. Trial Rule 52(A)).     Here, the trial court entered findings of fact and

conclusions thereon in granting DCS’s petition to terminate Father’s parental rights.

When reviewing findings of fact and conclusions thereon entered in a case involving a

termination of parental rights, we apply a two-tiered standard of review. First, we

determine whether the evidence supports the findings, and second we determine whether

the findings support the judgment. Id. We will set aside the trial court’s judgment only if



                                            5
it is clearly erroneous. Id. A judgment is clearly erroneous if the findings do not support

the trial court’s conclusions or the conclusions do not support the judgment. Id.

       Indiana Code Section 31-35-2-8(a) provides that “if the court finds that the

allegations in a petition described in [Indiana Code Section 31-35-2-4] are true, the court

shall terminate the parent-child relationship.” Indiana Code Section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)

provides that a petition to terminate a parent-child relationship involving a child in need

of services must allege, in part:

              (B)     that one (1) of the following is true:

                     (i)     There is a reasonable probability that the
                             conditions that resulted in the child’s removal
                             or the reasons for placement outside the home
                             of the parents will not be remedied.

                     (ii)    There is a reasonable probability that the
                             continuation of the parent-child relationship
                             poses a threat to the well-being of the child.

                     (iii)   The child has, on two (2) separate occasions,
                             been adjudicated a child in need of services;

              (C)    that termination is in the best interests of the child; and

              (D)    that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and
                     treatment of the child.

The State must establish these allegations by clear and convincing evidence. Egly v.

Blackford County Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 592 N.E.2d 1232, 1234 (Ind. 1992).

       Father argues that the trial court’s conclusion that the conditions that resulted in

K.W.’s removal or the reasons for placement outside the home of the parents will not be




                                              6
remedied is clearly erroneous.2 In making this determination, the trial court must judge a

parent’s fitness to care for his or her child at the time of the termination hearing and take

into consideration evidence of changed conditions. In re J.T., 742 N.E.2d 509, 512 (Ind.

Ct. App. 2001), trans. denied. However, the trial court must also “evaluate the parent’s

habitual patterns of conduct to determine the probability of future neglect or deprivation

of the child.” Id. The trial court can properly consider the services that the State offered

to the parent and the parent’s response to those services. In re C.C., 788 N.E.2d 847, 854

(Ind. Ct. App. 2003), trans. denied.

        First, Father seems to argue that DCS did not make reasonable efforts to provide

family services or to preserve and reunify the family. In general, DCS is required to

make reasonable efforts to preserve and reunify families during CHINS proceedings. In

re H.L., 915 N.E.2d 145, 148 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009) (citing Ind. Code § 31-34-21-5.5).

However, “the CHINS provision is not a requisite element of our parental rights

termination statute, and a failure to provide services does not serve as a basis on which to

directly attack a termination order as contrary to law.” Id. at 148 n.3. Moreover, we note

that, pursuant to Indiana Code Section 31-34-21-5.6(b)(2), reasonable efforts to reunify a


2
  Indiana Code Section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B) is written in the disjunctive, and subsection (b)(2)(B)(iii) is
inapplicable here. Consequently, the DCS was required to demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence
a reasonable probability that either: (1) the conditions that resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons
for placement outside the home of the parents will not be remedied, or (2) the continuation of the parent-
child relationship poses a threat to the well-being of the child. The trial court found a reasonable
probability that the conditions that resulted in K.W.’s removal and continued placement outside Father’s
home would not be remedied, and there is sufficient evidence in the record to support the trial court’s
conclusion. Thus, we need not determine whether the trial court’s conclusion that there was a reasonable
probability that the continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-being of K.W.
is clearly erroneous. See, e.g., Bester v. Lake County Office of Family & Children, 839 N.E.2d 143, 148
n.5 (Ind. 2005); In re T.F., 743 N.E.2d 766, 774 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001), trans. denied.


                                                     7
child with his or her parent are not required if the parent has been convicted of attempted

murder of a child. Further, under Indiana Code Section 31-34-21-5.6(b)(3), reasonable

reunification efforts are not required if the parent has been convicted of aggravated

battery of the child. Thus, reasonable efforts to reunify K.W. with Father were not

required.

       K.W. was removed from Mother’s care due to Mother’s neglect of K.W.’s medical

and nutritional needs. K.W. could not be placed in Father’s care due to Father’s severe

abuse of her, which had resulted in brain damage and other injuries. Father has been

incarcerated since March 2011 and was sentenced to forty years with the last five years

suspended to probation as a result of his abuse of K.W. As a condition of probation,

Father is not allowed to have contact with K.W. or any other child under the age of ten

years old. The trial court found that Father has a history of violence, is extremely violent,

has a marijuana addiction, and has failed to address his anger issues. The record supports

those findings. As for changed circumstances, Father claimed that he was taking barber

classes and parenting classes in prison and that he was trying to take a substance abuse

class due to his abuse of marijuana. However, Father’s habitual patterns of conduct

indicate that the trial court’s conclusion regarding whether the conditions that resulted in

K.W.’s removal or the reasons for placement outside the home of the parents would be

remedied is not clearly erroneous.

       Next, Father argues that termination of his parental rights was not in K.W.’s best

interests. The DCS was required to prove by clear and convincing evidence that the

termination was in the children’s best interests. In determining what is in the best

                                             8
interests of a child, the trial court is required to look at the totality of the evidence. A.F.

v. Marion County Office of Family & Children, 762 N.E.2d 1244, 1253 (Ind. Ct. App.

2002), trans. denied. In doing so, the trial court must subordinate the interests of the

parents to those of the child involved. Id. “[T]he historic inability to provide adequate

housing, stability, and supervision, coupled with the current inability to provide the same,

will support a finding that continuation of the parent-child relationship is contrary to the

child’s best interests.” In re A.H., 832 N.E.2d 563, 570 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005).

       Father contends that his mother was willing to accept guardianship of K.W. and

that he could not cause K.W. harm because he will be incarcerated for a lengthy period of

time. K.W. should not have to wait for permanency until Father is capable of caring for

her, if that ever happens. K.W. has progressed in foster care, and the foster parents wish

to adopt her. Given Father’s abuse of K.W., Father’s lengthy incarceration, and Father’s

violent personality, the trial court’s conclusion that termination was in K.W.’s best

interests is not clearly erroneous.

                                         Conclusion

       The trial court’s termination of Father’s parental rights is not clearly erroneous.

We affirm.

       Affirmed.

NAJAM, J., and BAILEY, J., concur.




                                              9
