                          IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
7/15/97


                                      OF THE


                             STATE OF MISSISSIPPI




                             NO. 95-CA-00792 COA




ENTERPRISE PRODUCTS COMPANY APPELLANT


v.


BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF FORREST

COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI, AND THE PETAL

SCHOOL DISTRICT APPELLEES




           THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION AND


                MAY NOT BE CITED, PURSUANT TO M.R.A.P. 35-B



TRIAL JUDGE: HON. W. M. O'BARR, JR.

COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: FORREST COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: F. M. TURNER III

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES: WILLIAM HAROLD JONES
JEFFREY HOLLIMON

NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL

TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: ADDITIONAL TAX ASSESSMENT APPROVED

MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:7/29/97

CERTIORARI FILED: 10/21/97




BEFORE McMILLIN, P.J., HERRING, AND KING, JJ.

McMILLIN, P.J., FOR THE COURT:


Enterprise Products Company (hereafter "Enterprise") has appealed a judgment non obstante
verdicto (JNOV) entered by the trial court in a tax contest case heard in the Circuit Court of Forrest
County under section 11-51-77 of the Mississippi Code of 1972. The case was tried to a jury, which
returned a verdict in favor of Enterprise and against the affected taxing authorities -- the Forrest
County Board of Supervisors and Petal School District. On a post-trial motion filed by the board and
the district, the trial court set aside the jury's verdict and entered a JNOV in their favor.

At issue is the question of whether the Forrest County Tax Assessor may assess back taxes for the
county and the school district on certain improvements to real property owned by Enterprise. The
assessor proposed to do so under authority of section 27-35-155 of the Mississippi Code of 1972,
which permits the county tax assessor to assess taxes for prior years on any "property that [has]
escaped taxation in any former year or years . . . by reason of not being assessed . . . ." Miss. Code
Ann. § 27-35-155 (1972).


                                                   I.


                                                 Facts

Enterprise owns certain real property in Forrest County that contains large underground storage
areas for liquid natural gas. The storage areas were created by a process of dissolving the naturally-
existing underground salt domes to create caverns into which the gas is pumped and stored. The
process of creating the caverns involves repeatedly pumping fresh water into the domes and pumping
out the resulting brine until a storage area of suitable size is produced. Prior to 1993, the Forrest
County tax assessor had not separately valued these storage caverns as improvements contributing to
the total valuation of Enterprise's property. However, in 1993, the Mississippi Attorney General
issued an opinion suggesting the caverns were taxable improvements within the meaning of section
27-35-49 of the Mississippi Code of 1972, which requires that "land shall be appraised according to
its true value and assessed in proportion thereto, taking into consideration the improvements
thereon." Miss. Code Ann. § 27-35-49 (1972). Pursuant to this opinion, the assessor separately
valued the caverns and added that valuation to the land value in arriving at a total assessment of
Enterprise's lands. These storage areas unquestionably have substantial economic value, as witnessed
by the fact that the change in assessment methods resulted in the assessed value of Enterprise's
property going from about $6,780 to over $4,700,000.


                                                  II.


                                              Discussion

Enterprise does not contest the assessor's authority to prospectively assess and collect ad valorem
taxes on this enhanced valuation of its property; however, it did oppose the right to retroactively
assess for prior years under the above code section. Enterprise claims that its property, though it may
have been taxed at an improper valuation, did not escape taxation by virtue of not being assessed
within the contemplation of section 27-35-155 and prior decisions of the Mississippi Supreme Court
interpreting that section.

The Mississippi Supreme Court has placed a narrow interpretation on this language, which has
appeared in several taxing statutes over the years. The court has essentially held that the property
must have completely escaped the attention of the taxing authority in order to be subject to an
assessment for back taxes. Adams v. Luce, 87 Miss. 220, 39 So. 418 (1905). Thus, the fact that a
particular parcel has been substantially undervalued by the assessor does not make the excess value
taxable in arrears. Miller v. Copeland's Estate, 139 Miss. 788, 104 So. 176 (1925). Even in a case
where the tax assessor incorrectly assessed the property as having no value, the supreme court said
that the property had not thereby escaped taxation within the meaning of the statute. Long Bell Co.
v. McLendon, 127 Miss. 636, 90 So. 356 (1922).

The outcome in this case, then, depends on the proper interpretation of the word "property." If a
permanent improvement to real property is separate "property" within the meaning of the statute,
there can be no dispute that the caverns have completely escaped taxation by virtue of the assessor's
erroneous belief that they could not be separately valued. However, if the word "property" means the
tract itself, then the separate items of unimproved land and permanent improvements are simply
constituent elements of the "property," and the property, within the meaning of the statute, has not
escaped taxation since Enterprise has, for all the years in question, paid those taxes levied on the
parcel. Under this view, the failure to consider the enhanced value of the property attributable to the
permanent improvements becomes only a matter of undervaluation, and, as we have seen,
undervaluation is not subject to back assessment under the statute.

The answer to the question is provided by the decision in Miller v. Copeland's Estate, 139 Miss. 788,
104 So. 176 (1925). At the time that case was decided, the assessing officer was required to assign a
separate value for standing timber on a tract of property when determining the proper value of the
tract for assessing taxes. Thus, at the time, standing timber was treated in essentially the same manner
that permanent improvements are done under our present assessment procedure. In Copeland's
Estate, the taxpayer returned the land as being "uncultivatable land" and left blank items calling for
number of board feet of timber on the property and an estimated value of the timber. Miller v.
Copeland's Estate, 104 So. at 177. Miller, the state revenue agent, operating under a statute
containing essentially the same language as the one now under consideration, sought to back assess
the taxpayer for the value of the standing timber on the theory that the timber had "escaped taxation."
Id. at 176. The supreme court, however, concluded that, for purposes of this statute, the "property"
meant the tract of real estate. In the court's view, standing timber and permanent improvements were
merely elements contributing to the value of the property, but were not considered to be separate
items of property to be separately assessed. Id at 177. In essence, the court held that, even though the
assessing agency may have failed to consider all of the constituent elements adding value to the
parcel, nevertheless, the property itself had not escaped taxation. The court went on to say:

The assessor and the board, in the nature of things, could not consider the value of the lands without
considering the timber thereon and the houses and improvements, the amount of cleared and cultivated
land and its quality, the amount of uncultivatable land, etc. In filling out the tax list by [the taxpayer]
he failed to make any entries whatever in any of the other columns than the ones provided for the
description of the lands and their value. But the assessor and board of supervisors, in the performance
of their duties, could not possibly consider and pass upon the value of the lands without passing upon
the different elements going to make up their value, one of which was their standing timber.


Miller v. Copeland's Estate, 104 So. at 177 (emphasis supplied).


This Court finds this precedent, under the doctrine of stare decisis, requires us to find that the
property of Enterprise has not escaped taxation by virtue of not being assessed, and was, therefore,
not subject to the back assessment ordered by the trial court in its JNOV. We conclude that the
statutory scheme for ad valorem taxation of property in this State, as enacted by the Mississippi
Legislature and interpreted by the Mississippi Supreme Court, contemplates that the term "property"
in the statute means the tract of real property at issue. The elements of the property that contribute to
its value for purposes of determining its proper assessed valuation, such as permanent improvements,
are not separate items of "property" in the sense that word is used in the statute.

It is the opinion of this Court that Enterprise was entitled to prevail in this case as a matter of law at
the conclusion of the proof. Nevertheless, since the jury returned a verdict that conforms to what the
law compels, it was harmless error to submit the case to the jury rather than enter a directed verdict
in favor of Enterprise. That jury verdict must be reinstated.

THE JUDGMENT NOTWITHSTANDING THE VERDICT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF
FORREST COUNTY IS REVERSED AND THE ORIGINAL JUDGMENT IN FAVOR OF
THE APPELLANT, ENTERPRISE PRODUCTS COMPANY, IS REINSTATED. COSTS ARE
ASSESSED TO THE APPELLEES.


THOMAS, P.J., COLEMAN, DIAZ, HERRING, HINKEBEIN, PAYNE, AND
SOUTHWICK, JJ., CONCUR. KING, J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN
OPINION JOINED BY BRIDGES, C.J.


                                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
7/15/97


                                               OF THE


                                      STATE OF MISSISSIPPI



NO. 95-CA-00792 COA




ENTERPRISE PRODUCTS COMPANY APPELLANT


v.


BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF FORREST

COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI, AND PETAL

SCHOOL DISTRICT APPELLEES




               THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION AND


                      MAY NOT BE CITED, PURSUANT TO M.R.A.P. 35-B



KING, J., DISSENTING:


With all due respect to the majority, which finds this case to be controlled by Miller v. Copeland's
Estate, 139 Miss 788 (1925), I disagree and accordingly dissent.

In Miller, the tax assessor 1) was aware of the existence of the timber, 2) was aware that the timber
was subject to taxation, 3) was aware that the tax form included thereon a separate block for taxation
of timber, 4) had until 1920, taxed the timber separately, and 5) allowed the tax statement to be
prepared without separately assessing the timber.

In the present case, the tax assessor 1) was aware of the storage cavern, 2) was unaware that the
storage cavern was subject to taxation, and 3) had no box on his form to tax a hole in the ground,
which is what the storage cavern is.

A hole in the ground in and of itself is not subject to taxation, rather it is only when its use makes it
an improvement that it becomes subject to taxation. It was not until the attorney general issued an
opinion that this hole in the ground was an improvement subject to taxation, that either of the parties
became aware of its taxable nature.

The Miller case, 139 Miss at 811, indicates that its opinion is founded on the belief that in valuing the
land the assessor took into consideration both the land and timber, since both were known to be
subject to taxation. However, where neither party is aware of the taxable nature of the cavern, it
cannot be rationally said to have been considered in placing a value upon the property as a whole.

I therefore believe this case should be distinguished from Miller.

For these reasons, I would affirm.

BRIDGES, C.J., JOINS THIS SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.
