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            IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF ALASKA


WALTER WAYNE MANTOR,
                                                     Court of Appeals No. A-11781
                           Appellant,               Trial Court No. 3AN-89-8353 CR

                    v.
                                                              OPINION
STATE OF ALASKA,

                           Appellee.                No. 2476 — September 25, 2015


             Appeal from the Superior Court, Third Judicial District,
             Anchorage, Eric Smith, Judge.

             Appearances: John N. Page III, Assistant Public Defender, and
             Quinlan Steiner, Public Defender, Anchorage, for the Appellant.
             Elizabeth T. Burke, Assistant Attorney General, Office of
             Criminal Appeals, Anchorage, and Michael C. Geraghty,
             Attorney General, Juneau, for the Appellee.

             Before: Mannheimer, Chief Judge, and Allard and Kossler,
             Judges.

             Judge KOSSLER.


             Walter Wayne Mantor appeals the superior court’s probation revocation
and imposition of his previously suspended sentence for first-degree sexual assault and
first-degree assault. Mantor contends that the superior court should not have found him
in violation of his probation because his probation had already expired when he
committed the claimed violations. Mantor’s contention rests on his assertion that his
probation continued even while he was in prison for parole violations.
             For the reasons that follow, we reject Mantor’s assertion and affirm the
superior court’s order.


       Facts and proceedings
             In 1990, following a plea of no contest, Mantor was convicted of first-
degree sexual assault and first-degree assault.1 The superior court sentenced Mantor to
a composite sentence of 30 years’ imprisonment, with 5 years suspended and “[f]ive
years probation upon release.” The court also ordered that Mantor’s probation was to
expire “five years from [his] date of release from incarceration.”
             In October of 2006, Mantor was released from prison on mandatory parole
and concurrent probation.2
             In August of 2007, Mantor was returned to prison on a parole arrest
warrant. Mantor’s parole was subsequently revoked, and he remained in prison until
August of 2009, when he was again released.
             Mantor was arrested and incarcerated for another alleged parole violation
in September of 2010. At the end of September, he was released from incarceration
pending a final hearing. At the final hearing, the Parole Board revoked Mantor’s parole,
but then returned him to parole without further incarceration.
             Mantor was arrested for new crimes in January of 2013. The State then
filed a petition to revoke Mantor’s probation based on these new crimes.


   1
       Mantor v. State, 1991 WL 11259354 (Alaska App. Dec. 11, 1991) (unpublished)
(describing Mantor’s offenses).
   2
      See AS 33.20.040(c) (“the probationary period shall run concurrently with a period
of mandatory parole”).

                                          –2–                                      2476

              Mantor filed a motion to dismiss this petition. He argued that his probation
continued even when he was returned to prison for parole violations and that therefore
his probation term had expired in October of 2011 — that is, more than a year before he
committed the new crimes. The State argued in opposition that Mantor’s probation was
tolled while he was incarcerated on the parole violations and thus he was still on
probation when he committed the new crimes.
              The superior court agreed with the State, reasoning that when Mantor was
incarcerated he was not under probation supervision. The superior court stated, “[When
a probationer] gets his parole revoked, he goes back to jail, and by operation of law, just
like with probation revocation, that tolls the time.” The court then imposed all 5 years
of Mantor’s suspended sentence.


       Why we affirm the superior court’s ruling that Mantor was still on
       probation when he committed the new crimes
              On appeal, Mantor renews his claim that his probation continued during the
time he was incarcerated for parole violations. Mantor’s argument is based on his
interpretation of two earlier cases of this Court, O’Shea v. State, 683 P.2d 286 (Alaska
App. 1984), and Gage v. State, 702 P.2d 646 (Alaska App. 1985).
              In O’Shea v. State, this Court addressed whether the defendant’s probation
continued when he left Alaska without permission and was not under the supervision of
probation authorities.3 We found persuasive the reasoning of the federal courts that was
expressed in United States v. Workman: “a probationer can not obtain credit against [his
probation] period for any period of time during which he was not, in fact, under
probationary supervision by virtue of his own wrongful act.”4 We noted that the federal

   3
       O’Shea, 683 P.2d at 287-89.
   4
       Id. at 289 (quoting United States v. Workman, 617 F.2d 48, 51 (4th Cir. 1980)).

                                           –3–                                        2476

courts have “consistently held that a period of probation ... is tolled when a probationer
is imprisoned for another crime.”5 And using this same reasoning, we held in O’Shea’s
case that a defendant’s probation is tolled when the defendant absconds from
supervision.6
                Similarly, in Gage v. State, we held that a defendant’s period of probation
is tolled during the period between the filing of a petition to revoke the defendant’s
probation and the adjudication of that petition (if the probation violation is proved).7
                Mantor argues that O’Shea and Gage are distinguishable because, in both
of those cases, the courts affirmatively found that the defendants had violated their
probation. In contrast, it was the Parole Board that made the findings of misconduct in
Mantor’s case. Mantor contends that unless the court finds that a defendant has violated
his probation, the defendant’s probation should continue to run.
                But the chief concern of O’Shea and Gage is that probationers not receive
credit for periods of time when they are not under probation supervision. Probation is,
by definition, a period of supervised release — a time when “the court allows a
defendant to remain at conditional liberty in lieu of serving time in prison.”8 When that
supervision is interrupted because of the defendant’s misconduct, the defendant’s period
of probation tolls. This principle applies regardless of whether the interruption occurs
because the defendant absconds from supervision or because the defendant is
incarcerated for misconduct. And in cases where the defendant is incarcerated for




   5
       Id.
   6
       Id.
   7
       Gage, 702 P.2d at 647-48.
   8
       Edwards v. State, 34 P.3d 962, 968 (Alaska App. 2001).

                                            –4–                                       2476

misconduct, it does not matter whether the misconduct consists of new crimes, or
violations of conditions of probation, or violations of conditions of parole.
              We therefore hold that Mantor’s probation was tolled during the time he
spent in prison in connection with his violations of his conditions of parole.
              (We note that we have consistently referred to the Gage rule as applying
only when the allegations of misconduct are proved.9 As we suggested in Gage, equity
might require a different result in cases where the Parole Board or the court later finds
that the allegations of misconduct are not proved.10)


        Conclusion
              The judgment of the superior court is AFFIRMED.




   9
       See Herrin v. State, 93 P.3d 477, 478 (Alaska App. 2004); Hill v. State, 22 P.3d 24,
29 n.8 (Alaska App. 2001); Harris v. State, 980 P.2d 482, 484 (Alaska App. 1999).
   10
        Gage, 702 P.2d at 647.

                                           –5–                                        2476

