[Cite as Warren v. Estate of Durham, 2011-Ohio-6416.]


STATE OF OHIO                    )                       IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                 )ss:                    NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT                 )

MELISSA WARREN                                           C.A. No.   25624

        Appellant

        v.                                               APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                         ENTERED IN THE
ESTATE OF GREGORY M. DURHAM,                             COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
et al.                                                   COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
                                                         CASE No.   CV 2010-02-1084
        Appellees

                                DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: December 14, 2011



        BELFANCE, Presiding Judge.

        {¶1}    Plaintiff-Appellant Melissa Warren appeals the judgment of the Summit County

Court of Common Pleas dismissing her complaint against Defendant-Appellee the Estate of

Gregory M. Durham (“the Estate”). For the reasons set forth below, we reverse.

                                                    I.

        {¶2}    On February 17, 2010, Ms. Warren filed a complaint in the Summit County Court

of Common Pleas against the Estate and Progressive Direct Insurance Company (“Progressive”)

alleging that on June 23, 2006, Ms. Warren was injured in a car accident by a vehicle driven by

Gregory Durham. Ms. Warren alleged in her complaint that Mr. Durham died on November 17,

2006. The caption of the complaint indicated the case was a re-filed case. Ms. Warren sought

damages against the Estate for personal injury and declarations concerning under/uninsured

motorists coverage against Progressive and an order requiring Progressive to submit her claim to

arbitration.
                                                 2


       {¶3}   Progressive filed an answer and a crossclaim.          Thereafter, the Estate filed a

motion to dismiss pursuant to Civ.R. 12(B)(6) asserting that Ms. Warren’s claim was barred by

the statute of limitations.   In addition, the Estate, based upon facts not contained in the

complaint, asserted that the savings statute, R.C. 2305.19, was inapplicable. Progressive filed a

motion in opposition asserting the savings statute did apply. Likewise, Ms. Warren filed a

motion in opposition asserting the savings statute applied and that her complaint was timely. In

addition, Ms. Warren attached to her motion in opposition an order from the prior action. The

trial court granted the Estate’s motion concluding the savings statute did not apply as Ms.

Warren failed to commence or attempt to commence the prior action; thus, the trial court

dismissed the claims against the Estate. Ms. Warren then filed a motion requesting that the trial

court certify its ruling as a final, appealable order pursuant to Civ.R. 54(B). The trial court

granted the motion.

       {¶4}   Ms. Warren has appealed, raising a single assignment of error for our review.

                                                 II.

                                   ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

       “THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DISMISSING APPELLANT’S COMPLAINT
       AND RULING THE COMPLAINT WAS UNTIMELY FILED.”

       {¶5}   Ms. Warren asserts in her assignment of error that the trial court erred in

dismissing her complaint as untimely. We agree, albeit for reasons other than those articulated

by Ms. Warren.

       “In order for a trial court to dismiss a complaint under Civ.R. 12(B)(6) for failure
       to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, it must appear beyond doubt
       that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of the claim that would entitle
       the plaintiff to the relief sought. The allegations of the complaint must be taken
       as true, and those allegations and any reasonable inferences drawn from them
       must be construed in the nonmoving party’s favor. Appellate review of a trial
       court’s decision to dismiss a complaint pursuant to Civ.R. 12(B)(6) is de novo.”
                                                 3


       (Internal citations and quotations omitted.) Ohio Bur. of Workers’ Comp. v.
       McKinley, 130 OhioSt.3d 156, 2011-Ohio-4432, at ¶12.

       {¶6}    “A complaint may be dismissed under Civ.R. 12(B)(6) for failing to comply with

the applicable statute of limitations when the complaint on its face conclusively indicates that the

action is time-barred.”   Id. at ¶13.    This Court has previously stated that, in order       “[t]o

conclusively show that the statute of limitations bars the action, the complaint must demonstrate

both the relevant statute of limitations and the absence of factors which would toll the statute, or

make [] it inapplicable.” Tarry v. Fechko Excavating, Inc. (Nov. 3, 1999), 9th Dist. No.

98CA007180, at *2; see, also, Helman v. EPL Prolong, Inc. (2000), 139 Ohio App.3d 231, 241

(adopting the above language from Tarry). Moreover, “[b]ecause Ohio is a notice pleading state,

it suffices that the complaint put[s] defendants on notice of the general claim. It [i]s not

necessary to specify facts to defend from a statute of limitations defense.” Irvin v. Am. Gen.

Fin., Inc., 5th Dist. No. CT2004-0046, 2005-Ohio-3523, at ¶29, fn. 11.

       {¶7}    Based upon the arguments made in the motion to dismiss, which rely on facts not

contained in the complaint, we cannot say that the face of the complaint conclusively shows Ms.

Warren’s claim is barred by the statute of limitations. Ms. Warren’s complaint does not recite

the procedural history of the prior case. Those facts are contained only within the Estate’s

motion to dismiss and the responses thereto and their attachments. It is clear from the trial

court’s entry that it relied on facts outside the complaint when it concluded that Ms. Warren’s

claim against the Estate was time barred and the savings statute did not apply, as the trial court

recited the history of the prior action and relied on it in making its determination. This Court has

previously stated:

       “In considering a Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss, the trial court must review
       only the complaint, accepting all factual allegations as true and making every
       reasonable inference in favor of the nonmoving party. The trial court may not,
                                                 4


       however, rely upon any materials or evidence outside the complaint in
       considering a motion to dismiss. Where the trial court chooses to consider
       evidence or materials outside the complaint, the court must convert the motion to
       dismiss into a motion for summary judgment and give the parties notice and a
       reasonable opportunity to present all materials made pertinent to such motion by
       Civ.R. 56.” (Internal citations omitted.) Cotton v. Anderson, 9th Dist. No.
       06CA008984, 2007-Ohio-6548, at ¶5.

In the instant matter, the trial court considered matters outside the complaint and did not convert

the motion to dismiss into one for summary judgment after providing notice to the parties. See,

also, Lansing v. Hybud Equip. Co., 5th Dist. No. 2002CA00112, 2002-Ohio-5869, at ¶¶14-17.

Accordingly, the trial court erred in dismissing the complaint against the Estate based upon the

statute of limitations.1 We therefore sustain Ms. Warren’s sole assignment of error.

                                                III.

       {¶8}    In light of the foregoing, we reverse the judgment of the Summit County Court of

Common Pleas and remand the matter for proceedings consistent with this opinion.

                                                                               Judgment reversed
                                                                             and cause remanded.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the


       1
          We take no position on the merits of the Estate’s arguments with respect to the statute
of limitations and the savings statute as facts concerning those arguments are not properly before
us.
                                                5


period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(E). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellees.




                                                    EVE V. BELFANCE
                                                    FOR THE COURT



MOORE, J.
DICKINSON, J.
CONCUR

APPEARANCES:

MITCHELL A. WEISMAN, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

DEBORAH W. YUE and HOLLY M. OLARCZUK-SMITH, Attorneys at Law, for Appellees.
