                                            COURT OF APPEALS
                                         EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
                                              EL PASO, TEXAS


                                                            §
                                                                               No. 08-18-00124-CV
                                                            §
    IN THE INTEREST OF D.A.Z. A CHILD.                                                 Appeal from
                                                            §
                                                                                143rd District Court
                                                            §
                                                                             of Reeves County, Texas
                                                            §
                                                                            (TC # 16-03-21454-CVR)
                                                            §

                                                    OPINION

           This appeal is from a judgment terminating the parental rights of Appellant, M.L.A., to

her child, D.A.Z. We affirm.

                                             FACTUAL SUMMARY

           Appellant, M.L.A. (“Mary”), and L.S.Z., Jr. (“Larry Jr.”) are the biological parents of

three-year-old D.A.Z. (“Debra”).1                 Mary also has a younger daughter, Victoria.2                      The

Department became involved with Mary in May 2017 when it received a report that she was

pregnant and using methamphetamine.                   The report included allegations that Mary and her


1
  The parties’ briefs refer to the child, her biological parents, her paternal grandparents and her half-sister either by
initials or by fictitious names as permitted by TEX.R.APP.P. 9.8(a). To enhance the readability of the opinion and
minimize confusion, the opinion will refer to these persons by the same fictitious names utilized by the Department
in its brief. Accordingly, the opinion will refer to the child as “Debra”, to her half-sister as “Victoria”, to Appellant
as “Mary”, to the biological father as “Larry Jr.”, and to the paternal grandparents as “Larry Sr.” and “Olive”.
2
    This case pertains solely to the termination of Mary’s parental rights to Debra.
boyfriend were neglecting Debra as a result of their heavy drug use. Danielle Maphis began an

investigation for the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services and had an initial

meeting with Mary. Mary admitted that she was pregnant and using methamphetamine. She

initially agreed to submit to a drug test, but she never followed through despite repeated requests

from the Department. On June 12, 2017, Mary was admitted to a hospital with a broken nose

received in a domestic violence incident. The following day, the Department filed a petition for

protection of Debra, conservatorship, and termination of parental rights. The Department also

sought an emergency removal of Debra. The trial court entered an emergency order removing

Debra and naming the Department as the temporary sole managing conservator. The Department

placed Debra with her paternal grandparents, Larry Sr. and Olive. On June 22, 2017, the trial

court ordered Mary to submit to a hair follicle and urinalysis drug testing, but Mary did not

comply.

       The Department created a service plan to address the issues which led to the removal of

Debra. Among other things, Mary was required to regularly visit with Debra, submit to drug

testing, complete drug and alcohol assessment, attend in-patient treatment for drug abuse,

complete a psychological evaluation, complete parenting classes, and complete counseling.

Even though Mary was not incarcerated until February 2018, Mary did not submit to drug

testing, and while she completed the drug and alcohol assessment, she failed to complete in-

patient drug treatment. Mary did not complete parenting classes or counseling. Mary initially

attended a few visits with Debra, but when she missed three scheduled visits in a row, the

Department informed Mary that she could resume visitation only if she submitted to drug testing.

When Mary failed to comply, the Department suspended visitation with the child.

       In July 2017, Victoria was born addicted to methamphetamine. As a result of Victoria’s



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condition, Mary was charged with injury to a child. Mary pled guilty to the charge on January 5,

2018 and was sentenced to imprisonment for two years, but the sentence was suspended, and the

court placed Mary on community supervision (probation) for five years.3 Shortly after being

placed on probation, Mary was arrested for possession of a controlled substance, and the court

revoked her community supervision. At the time of the final hearing on May 24, 2018, Mary

was incarcerated in a Substance Abuse Facility (SAFPF). Mary asserts in her brief that she

successfully completed a number of classes while incarcerated, including parenting and anger

management classes, and she was released from the SAFPF in August 2018. There is, however,

no evidence in the record to support her assertions.

        The petition alleged the following grounds for termination of Mary’s parental rights:

        (1) Mary knowingly placed or knowingly allowed the child to remain in
            conditions or surroundings which endanger the physical or emotional well-
            being of the child, pursuant to § 161.001(b)(l)(D), Texas Family Code;

        (2) Mary engaged in conduct or knowingly placed the child with persons who
            engaged in conduct which endangers the physical or emotional well-being of
            the child, pursuant to § 161.001(b)(1)(E), Texas Family Code;

        (3) Mary executed before or after the suit is filed an unrevoked or irrevocable
            affidavit of relinquishment of parental rights as provided by Chapter 161,
            Texas Family Code, pursuant to § 161.00l(b)(l)(K), Texas Family Code;

        (4) Mary constructively abandoned the child who has been in the permanent or
            temporary managing conservatorship of the Department of Family and
            Protective Services for not less than six months and: (1) the Department has
            made reasonable efforts to return the child to the mother; (2) the mother has
            not regularly visited or maintained significant contact with the child; and (3)
            the mother has demonstrated an inability to provide the child with a safe
            environment, pursuant to § 161.001(b)(l)(N), Texas Family Code;

        (5) Mary failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically
            established the actions necessary for the mother to obtain the return of the
            child who has been in the permanent or temporary managing conservatorship
            of the Department of Family and Protective Services for not less than nine

3
  The Department introduced into evidence as Petitioner’s Exhibit 1 a certified copy of the judgment and sentence
associated with this conviction. The reporter’s record does not include a copy of the exhibit.

                                                      -3-
           months as a result of the child’s removal from the parent under Chapter 262
           for the abuse or neglect of the child, pursuant to § 161.001(b)(l)(O), Texas
           Family Code.

       At the conclusion of the final hearing, the trial court announced that it was granting the

Department’s petition for termination of Mary’s parental rights. In the final judgment, the court

included its findings that the Department had proven the termination grounds under Section

161.001(b)(1)(D), (E), (N), and (O) of the Texas Family Code by clear and convincing evidence,

and that termination of Mary’s parental rights was in Debra’s best interest. The trial court also

determined that Larry Jr. is Debra’s father and it appointed Larry Jr., Larry Sr., and Olive as the

permanent joint managing conservators of the child.

                                  BEST INTEREST FINDING

       In Issues One and Two, Mary challenges the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence

supporting the best interest finding. Parental rights may be involuntarily terminated through

proceedings brought under Section 161.001 of the Texas Family Code. See TEX.FAM.CODE

ANN. § 161.001. Under this provision, the petitioner must (1) establish one or more of the

statutory acts or omissions enumerated as grounds for termination, and (2) prove that termination

is in the best interest of the children. See id. Mary does not challenge the sufficiency of the

evidence supporting any of the predicate termination grounds.

                                       Standards of Review

       When reviewing the legal sufficiency of the evidence in a termination case, we consider

all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court’s finding, “to determine whether a

reasonable trier of fact could have formed a firm belief or conviction that its finding was true.”

In the Interest of J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d 570, 573 (Tex. 2005), quoting In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256,

266 (Tex. 2002); see In re J.O.A., 283 S.W.3d 336, 344 (Tex. 2009). We give deference to the



                                                -4-
fact finder’s conclusions, indulge every reasonable inference from the evidence in favor of that

finding, and presume the fact finder resolved any disputed facts in favor of its findings, so long

as a reasonable fact finder could do so. In the Interest of J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d at 573. We

disregard any evidence that a reasonable fact finder could have disbelieved, or found to have

been incredible, but we do not disregard undisputed facts. In re J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d at 573; In re

J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 266.

       In a factual sufficiency review, the inquiry is whether the evidence is such that a fact

finder could reasonably form a firm belief or conviction about the challenge findings. See In re

J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 266. We must give due consideration to evidence that the fact finder could

reasonably have found to be clear and convincing. In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 266. A court of

appeals should consider whether disputed evidence is such that a reasonable fact finder could not

have resolved that disputed evidence in favor of its finding. Id. If the disputed evidence that a

reasonable fact finder could not have credited in favor of the finding is so significant that a fact

finder could not reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction, then the evidence is

factually insufficient. Id.

                                        The Holley Factors

       A determination of best interest necessitates a focus on the child, not the parent. See In

the Interest of B.C.S., 479 S.W.3d 918, 927 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2015, no pet.); In the Interest of

R.F., 115 S.W.3d 804, 812 (Tex.App.--Dallas 2003, no pet.). There is a strong presumption that

it is in the child’s best interest to preserve the parent-child relationship. In re B.C.S., 479 S.W.3d

at 927. Several factors must be considered in our analysis of the best interest issue: the child’s

desires; the child’s emotional and physical needs now and in the future; the emotional and

physical danger to the child now and in the future; the parenting abilities of the individuals



                                                -5-
seeking custody; the programs available to assist those individuals to promote the child’s best

interest; the plans for the child by those individuals or the agency seeking custody; the stability

of the home or proposed placement; the parent’s acts or omissions that may indicate that the

existing parent-child relationship is not a proper one; and any excuse for the parent’s acts or

omissions. Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 372 (Tex. 1976)(“the Holley factors”). The

Holley factors are not exhaustive and a court may consider other factors. Id. at 372. Also, a

court need not find evidence of each and every factor to terminate the parent-child relationship.

In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 27 (Tex. 2002). We also must bear in mind that permanence is of

paramount importance in considering a child’s present and future needs. In re B.C.S., 479

S.W.3d at 927.

        The first factor is the desires of the child. Debra was only three years of age at the time

of the final hearing and there is nothing to indicate she was able to articulate her desires.

Evidence that a child is well-cared for by her foster family, is bonded to her foster family, and

has spent minimal time in the presence of a parent is relevant to the best interest determination

under the desires of the child factor. See In re R.A.G., 545 S.W.3d 645, 652-53 (Tex.App.--El

Paso 2017, no pet.); In re U.P., 105 S.W.3d 222, 230 (Tex.App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 2003, pet.

denied). The evidence at trial showed that Debra has resided with her paternal grandparents

since the beginning of the case in June 2017 and they have provided a safe and appropriate home

for Debra and her half-sister Victoria. Debra has had only minimal contact with Mary. While

the Department did not present any evidence regarding the strength of the bond between Debra

and her grandparents, we conclude that the first factor nevertheless weighs somewhat in favor of

the best interest finding.

        The second and third factors are the child’s emotional and physical needs now and in the



                                               -6-
future, and the emotional and physical danger to the child now and in the future. The need for

permanence is a paramount consideration for a child’s present and future physical and emotional

needs. In the Interest of R.A.G., 545 S.W.3d 645, 653 (Tex.App.--El Paso 2017, no pet.); In re

U.P., 105 S.W.3d 222, 230 (Tex.App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 2003, pet. denied). A fact finder

may infer that past conduct endangering the well-being of a child may recur in the future if the

child is returned to the parent. In re R.A.G., 545 S.W.3d at 653; In re D.L.N., 958 S.W.2d 934,

934 (Tex.App.--Waco 1997, pet. denied). Mary has not challenged the legal and factual

sufficiency of the evidence supporting the trial court’s finding that she engaged in conduct which

endangered and emotional well-being of Debra. Mary’s neglect of Debra stemmed from her

addiction to methamphetamine and she failed to address her issues with drug abuse during the

pendency of the case. Further, she was incarcerated as a result of her continued drug abuse. The

evidence also showed that Mary failed to regularly visit with Debra after she was removed from

Mary’s care. Based on the evidence, the trial court could have determined that the second and

third factors weigh heavily in support of the best interest finding.

       The fourth factor is the parenting abilities of the individuals seeking custody. In

reviewing the parenting abilities of a parent, a fact finder can consider the parent’s past neglect

or past inability to meet the physical and emotional needs of the children. In re R.A.G., 545

S.W.3d at 653; D.O. v. Texas Department of Human Services, 851 S.W.2d 351, 356 (Tex.App.--

Austin 1993, no writ), disapproved of on other grounds by In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256 (Tex.

2002). The evidence supports an inference that Mary neglected Debra and failed to provide for

her physical and emotional needs. This factor weighs in favor of the best interest finding.

       The fifth factor examines the programs available to assist those individuals to promote

the child’s best interest. Mary failed to take advantage of the parenting classes, counseling, and



                                                -7-
drug treatment programs made available to her, and she became incarcerated as a result of her

continued drug abuse. Mary argues in her brief that she was unable to complete the requirements

of the service plan because she was confined in the Reeves County Jail during the pendency of

the case. The Department’s caseworker, Charlotte Wright, refuted this claim by testifying that

Mary had the ability to comply with the service plan requirements because she was not

incarcerated until February 2018. Mary also argues in her brief that she completed parenting

classes and drug treatment while incarcerated, but there is no evidence in the record to support

these claims. The trial court could infer from the evidence admitted at trial that Mary would not

have the ability to motivate herself in the future. In re W.E.C., 110 S.W.3d 231, 245 (Tex.App.--

Fort Worth 2003, no pet.). This factor supports the court’s best interest finding.

        We will consider the sixth and seventh factors together. The sixth factor examines the

plans for the child by those individuals or the agency seeking custody. The seventh factor is the

stability of the home or proposed placement. The fact finder may compare the parent’s and the

Department’s plans for the child and determine whether the plans and expectations of each party

are realistic or weak and ill-defined. D.O., 851 S.W.2d at 356. Mary was incarcerated at the

time of trial and there is no evidence that she had any plans for the child. The Department

intends for Debra to remain with her paternal grandparents who have provided a safe and stable

home for her. The trial court could have found that the paternal grandparents offer Debra

stability and permanency she would not have with Mary. The sixth and seven factors weigh in

favor of the best interest finding.

        The eighth factor is the parent’s acts or omissions that may indicate that the existing

parent-child relationship is not a proper one. As already noted, Mary endangered Debra’s

physical and emotional well-being by neglecting her, by failing to address her issues with drug



                                               -8-
abuse, and by failing to regularly visit Debra. Based on this evidence, the trial court could have

found that the existing parent-child relationship is not a proper one.

       The ninth factor is whether there is any excuse for the parent’s acts or omissions. Mary

argues in her brief that her drug addiction is an illness and she suggests that she did not have the

means to address this condition until she was incarcerated. The evidence shows that Mary made

little effort to address her addiction prior to her incarceration in February 2018. She refused to

submit to drug testing and she voluntarily left two in-patient drug treatment programs after brief

attendance at each one. Further, there is no evidence in the record that Mary successfully

completed drug treatment while incarcerated.        This factor weighs against the best interest

finding.

       Having reviewed all of the Holley factors, we conclude that the evidence is both legally

and factually sufficient to establish a firm conviction in the mind of the trial court that

termination of Mary’s parental rights is in Debra’s best interest. Issues One and Two are

overruled.

             RENDITION OF THE PREDICATE TERMINATION GROUNDS

       In Issues Three through Ten, Mary argues that there is a variance between the trial court’s

oral pronouncement at trial and the final termination order. As part of this argument, she

contends that the Department did not request that the trial court make any findings on the

predicate termination grounds and the trial court did not make any pronouncement on these

grounds at the conclusion of the final hearing. Mary reasons that there is a fatal variance

between the trial court’s oral pronouncement and the final termination order. While the brief sets

forth Mary’s argument, it is not supported with any citation to authority. See TEX.R.APP.P.

38.1(i)(a brief must contain citations to appropriate authority).



                                                -9-
       The Department’s petition clearly sought termination of Mary’s parental rights based on

five predicate grounds under Section 161.001(b)(1)(D), (E), (K), (N), and (O) and it alleged that

termination of Mary’s parental rights is in the child’s best interests. The petition satisfied the

requirements of Section 161.101.       See TEX.FAM.CODE ANN. §161.101 (“A petition for the

termination of the parent-child relationship is sufficient without the necessity of specifying the

underlying facts if the petition alleges in the statutory language the ground for the termination

and that termination is in the best interest of the child.”). There is no requirement in the Family

Code that the Department make an additional request at the bench trial for termination on the

specific grounds alleged in its petition.

       At the conclusion of the final hearing, the trial court stated:

       The termination with regards to the mother’s parental rights as requested is
       granted. And I do find it is in the best interest of the children that the parental
       rights of the mother be terminated.

In the final termination order, the trial court found that the Department proved the predicate

termination grounds under Section 161.001(b)(1)(D), (E), (N), and (O) by clear and convincing

evidence.

       When there is an inconsistency between a written judgment and an oral pronouncement

of judgment, the written judgment controls. In the Interest of L.G.R., 498 S.W.3d 195, 206

(Tex.App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 2016, pet. denied)(affirming termination of parental rights

where trial court did not make an oral pronouncement that termination was in best interest of the

child, but best interest finding was included in the final termination order). The trial court’s

pronouncement that it was granting the petition to terminate Mary’s parental rights “as

requested” necessarily included all five predicate termination grounds that were set forth in the

Department’s petition. In the final termination order, the trial court found the Department



                                                - 10 -
proved four of the five alleged termination grounds. To the extent there is an inconsistency

between the oral pronouncement and the written termination order, the written order controls.

Issues Three through Ten are overruled. The trial court’s judgment terminating Mary’s parental

rights to Debra is affirmed.


December 21, 2019
                                    ANN CRAWFORD McCLURE, Chief Justice

Before McClure, C.J., Rodriguez, and Palafox, JJ.




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