                                                                                FILED
                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION                                  SEP 12 2011

                                                                             MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                           U.S. COURT OF APPEALS



                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT


UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                         No. 10-50342

              Plaintiff - Appellee,               D.C. No. 2:09-cr-01160-PSG

  v.                                              MEMORANDUM*

KENNY BUKOLA ORIYOMI,

              Defendant - Appellant.


                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                        for the Central District of California
                    Philip S. Gutierrez, District Judge, Presiding

                            Submitted August 29, 2011**
                               Pasadena, California

Before: ALARCÓN, O’SCANNLAIN, and SILVERMAN, Circuit Judges.

       Kenny Bukola Oriyomi appeals from his conviction of three counts of bank

fraud, three counts of money laundering, and one count of failure to file a tax

return. He contends that the district court erred in its evidentiary rulings and its


        *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
        **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
instructions to the jury. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

                                          I

      Oriyomi asserts that the district court abused its discretion in permitting

cross-examination testimony regarding specific instances of conduct pursuant to

Rule 608(b) of the Federal Rules of Evidence because they were unfairly

prejudicial pursuant to Rule 403 of the Federal Rules of Evidence. He further

asserts that the evidence created an inference of the existence of extrinsic evidence

not allowed under Rule 608(b).

      This Court has adopted a two-part test to determine whether a district court

abused its discretion. United States v. Hinkson, 585 F.3d 1247, 1261 (9th Cir.

2009) (en banc).

             [T]he first step of our abuse of discretion test is to
             determine de novo whether the trial court identified the
             correct legal rule to apply to the relief
             requested. . . . [T]he second step of our abuse of
             discretion test is to determine whether the trial court’s
             application of the correct legal standard was (1)
             “illogical,” (2) “implausible,” or (3) without “support in
             inferences that may be drawn from the facts in the
             record.”

Id. at 1261–62 (quoting Anderson v. City of Bessemer City, 470 U.S. 564, 577

(1985)).

      Rule 608(b) allows specific instances of conduct of a witness to be inquired


                                          2
into on cross-examination if probative of truthfulness or untruthfulness. Under this

rule, prosecutors may cross-examine witnesses about documents so long as they do

not enter the documents as extrinsic evidence. Under Rule 403, however, relevant

evidence may be excluded if its “probative value is substantially outweighed by the

danger of unfair prejudice.” Fed. R. Evid. 403 (emphasis added). “Evidence of

prior frauds is considered probative of the witness’s character for truthfulness or

untruthfulness” and admissible as prior conduct pursuant to Rule 608(b). United

States v. Gay, 967 F.2d 322, 328 (9th Cir. 1992). Oriyomi signed his Social

Security card applications, his petition for bankruptcy, and his tax returns under

penalty of perjury, and thus they are evidence of his untruthfulness and were

admissible on cross-examination pursuant to Rules 608(b) and 403.

      Based on its extensive review of the filings of the parties and the arguments

at the hearing, the district court properly weighed the probative value of the Rule

608(b) evidence against the danger of unfair prejudice to Oriyomi.

                                          II

      Oriyomi also asserts that the district court erred in instructing the jury with

regard to the “willfulness” element of the charge of failure to file a tax return. He

further contends that there is no evidence in the record that he either earned enough

to necessitate a tax return or that he knew what minimum income would require a


                                          3
tax return to be filed.

       “[I]f the Government proves actual knowledge of the pertinent legal duty,

the prosecution, without more, has satisfied the knowledge component of the

willfulness requirement.” Cheek v. United States, 498 U.S. 192, 202 (1991). At

trial, Oriyomi testified that he helped prepare tax returns for a medical supply

company. Oriyomi further testified that he would have filed a tax return for 2004,

but that he was hospitalized between April and August 2005. He also asserted on

direct examination that “normally I would have filed because I had – it’s just

something that I – that I know that I have to do.” (emphasis added). Because of

Oriyomi’s concession that he knew he had to file a tax return, any error in the

district court’s failure expressly to inform the jury that it must find he knew he had

a legal duty to do so was harmless.

       AFFIRMED.




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