            IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Michael Terrick,                               :
                                               :
                               Appellant       :
                                               :
                        v.                     : No. 151 C.D. 2018
                                               : No. 526 C.D. 2018
Munhall Sanitary Sewer Municipal               : Argued: October 16, 2018
Authority a/k/a Munhall Borough                :
Sanitary Sewer Authority                       :


BEFORE:         HONORABLE ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge
                HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
                HONORABLE JAMES GARDNER COLINS, Senior Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE WOJCIK                                                 FILED: December 18, 2018


                Michael Terrick (Terrick) appeals the orders of the Allegheny County
Court of Common Pleas (trial court) dismissing his statutory appeal of the
termination of his employment with the Munhall Sanitary Sewer Municipal
Authority a/k/a Munhall Borough Sanitary Sewer Authority (Authority) and denying
his motion to strike the Authority’s praecipe for the entry of judgment (Motion). We
affirm.
                In August 2007, Terrick began working for the Authority. On August
15, 2009, Terrick and the Authority executed an Employment Agreement
(Agreement) under which Terrick would act as the Authority’s Manager for six
years. Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 23a.1 Section 4(c) of the Agreement provides:

      1
          Article III, Section 1 of the Authority’s By-Laws states, in relevant part:
                The [Authority] may terminate [Terrick] at any time for
                cause, after hearing by a majority vote of the Board of all
                the Directors for gross neglect of duty, willful misconduct
                with regard to the business, assets or employee of the
                [Authority], immorality, or either a conviction or a
                pleading of nolo contendere to a felony, or a crime
                involving fraud, misappropriation or embezzlement or any
                other crime involving dishonesty, moral turpitude or
                personal gain to [Terrick]. . . . In the event that a statement
                of charges is filed against [Terrick] that may result in
                termination of this Agreement, then at least ten (10) days
                prior to any scheduled hearing date [it] shall be given to
                [Terrick]. The Hearings shall be conducted under the
                [Local Agency Law, 2 Pa. C.S. §§551-555, 751-754], and
                the current law governing such administrative hearings.
Id. at 24a.
                Additionally, Section 4(d) of the Agreement states:

                This Agreement may be terminated by the Authority
                without explanation by providing a ninety-day notice prior
                to the end of the term of this agreement . . . of the intent
                not to renew this agreement. If said notice is not given
                then this agreement shall renew for the term of another
                contract period of equal duration to the existing contract.
R.R. at 24a.


                The Board may appoint and employ or engage a General Manager,
                an Operation Manager, a Solicitor, an Engineer and other
                employees, technical experts and consultants . . . to perform such
                duties as the Board may from time to time deem necessary for the
                proper administration of the business of the Authority. All
                employees, except the General Manager who shall have written
                contracts that [] set forth the terms and conditions of employment,
                shall serve at the will of the Board and shall be paid such
                compensation as the Board may determine. The Solicitor, Engineer,
                or any other Technical Expert or Consultant . . . shall be independent
                contractors who are neither an employee nor an officer of the
                Authority.

R.R. at 221a.
                                                  2
             On May 15, 2015, at the Authority Board’s meeting, the Chairman
handed Terrick an unsigned letter dated April 20, 2015, informing Terrick that the
Authority did not intend to renew the Agreement, but that the Authority wanted to
negotiate a new agreement for Terrick to continue as the Authority’s Manager. R.R.
at 192a. At the Authority Board’s June 3, 2015 meeting, Terrick asked the Authority
to extend the Agreement due to health issues. By letter dated June 15, 2015, the
Authority’s Solicitor wrote that the Board voted at the June 3, 2015 meeting to
extend the Agreement through December 31, 2015; the previous Notice of Intent to
renegotiate the Agreement remained in effect; and the Authority’s Board intended
to hold discussions relating to a new agreement after Terrick recovered from his June
11, 2015 surgery. Id. at 193a. A new agreement was not executed and Terrick
continued to work past the December 31, 2015 extension.
             By letter dated August 26, 2016, the Authority’s Solicitor listed
purported instances of misconduct that could warrant disciplinary action up to and
including suspension or termination of Terrick’s employment and directed Terrick
to appear at an investigatory hearing to be held to determine possible instances of
misconduct. R.R. at 116a-120a. The hearing was conducted by the Authority Board
in Executive Session on September 14, 2016. Id. at 34a-115a. Ultimately, following
the hearing, the Authority Board voted at its September 14, 2016 meeting to
terminate Terrick’s employment and notified Terrick of his termination by letter
dated September 15, 2016. Id. at 22a, 195a.
             On October 18, 2016, Terrick filed a three-count petition for appeal in
the trial court. R.R. at 6a-21a. In Count I, Terrick asserted a statutory appeal
regarding his termination, alleging that the Authority violated Section 555 of the




                                         3
Local Agency Law2 by failing to issue and serve on Terrick a valid written
adjudication containing findings and reasons supporting the “cause” for the
termination of his employment. Id. at 12a-13a. In Count II, Terrick alleged that his
termination constituted a breach of the Agreement. Id. at 13a-15a. In Count III,
Terrick alleged that he is entitled to unpaid wages and benefits due under the
Agreement pursuant to Pennsylvania’s Wage Payment and Collection Law
(WPCL).3 Id. at 15a-16a. Terrick demanded a jury trial with respect to Counts II
and III. Id. at 6a, 18a.
                 The Authority filed preliminary objections and a motion to dismiss the
appeal, asserting that Terrick was an at-will employee who could be terminated at
any time for any reason and any purported employment contract was void as a matter
of law. The Authority claimed that it did not have the power to execute such a
contract under Section 5607(d)(8) of the Municipality Authorities Act,4 citing
Stumpp v. Stroudsburg Municipal Authority, 658 A.2d 333 (Pa. 1995), and Scott v.
Philadelphia Parking Authority, 166 A.2d 278 (Pa. 1960).



        2
          2 Pa. C.S. §555. Section 555 states, “All adjudications of a local agency shall be in
writing, shall contain findings and the reasons for the adjudication, and shall be served upon all
parties or their counsel personally, or by mail.” In turn, 2 Pa. C.S. §101 defines “adjudication” as
“[a]ny final order, decree, decision, determination or ruling by an agency affecting personal or
property rights, privileges, immunities, duties, liabilities or obligations of any or all of the parties
to the proceeding in which the adjudication is made.”

        3
            Act of July 14, 1961, P.L. 114, as amended, 43 P.S. §§260.1–260.45.

        4
         53 Pa. C.S. §5607(d)(8). Section 5607(d)(8) states, “Every authority may exercise all
powers necessary or convenient for the carrying out of the purposes set forth in this section,
including, but without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the following rights and powers: . . .
To appoint officers, agents, employees and servants, to prescribe their duties and to fix their
compensation.”


                                                   4
               The trial court denied the preliminary objections and motion to dismiss
without prejudice to be raised at summary judgment and, on May 4, 2017, remanded
the matter to the Authority to issue findings of fact and conclusions of law with
respect to its vote to terminate Terrick’s employment.5 The Authority complied with
the trial court’s remand order, convening a hearing on June 7, 2017, and issuing an
adjudication with Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law. R.R. at 280a-306a. The
Authority concluded, inter alia, that the Agreement was invalid and void because
the Authority did not have the power to alter the at-will employment relationship,
citing Stumpp and Scott. Id. at 302a. The Authority also concluded that even if
valid, the Agreement was properly terminated on May 4, 2015, by delivery of the
April 20, 2015 letter notifying Terrick of the Authority’s intention of nonrenewal.
Id. Further, the Authority found that it extended the Agreement at Terrick’s request,
but he became an at-will employee as of January 1, 2016, after the extension to the
Agreement expired, so that his employment could be terminated without explanation
at any time. Id. at 303a. Finally, the Authority concluded that Terrick committed
willful misconduct warranting the termination of his employment in multiple
instances. Id. at 303a-306a.
               On September 8, 2017, Terrick filed exceptions to the Authority’s
Findings and Conclusions. R.R. at 598a-667a. Terrick argued, inter alia, that he
did not receive the Authority’s April 20, 2015 letter, and, therefore, the Agreement
was extended for another six-year term pursuant to Section 4(d). Id. at 660a. Terrick
also asserted that because the Authority provides sewage treatment, which is a

       5
         Section 754(a) of the Local Agency Law states, in relevant part, that “[i]n the event a full
and complete record of the proceedings before the local agency was not made, the court may hear
the appeal de novo or may remand the proceedings to the agency for the purpose of making a full
and complete record or for further disposition in accordance with the order of the court.” 2 Pa. C.S.
§754(a).
                                                 5
proprietary government function, it is empowered to enter into contracts for an
extended period such as the Agreement. Id. at 659a-660a. Moreover, Terrick
asserted that the Authority failed to establish “willful misconduct” by substantial
evidence as required by the Agreement to terminate his employment. Id. at 660a-
664a.
             By November 2, 2017 order, the trial court scheduled a hearing and
directed the parties to file briefs addressing: (1) the proper standard of review in the
pending statutory appeal; (2) whether the alleged due process violations were
properly and timely raised; and (3) what is meant by the term “willful misconduct”
in Section 4(c) of the Agreement. R.R. at 713a. On December 13, 2017, the trial
court conducted a hearing on the foregoing issues. Id. at 746a-774a.
             On December 28, 2017, the trial court issued a Memorandum Opinion
and Order ruling in the Authority’s favor and dismissing Terrick’s statutory appeal.
R.R. at 779a-786a. The trial court made the credibility determination that the
Authority timely notified Terrick of its intention not to renew the Agreement beyond
December 31, 2015. Id. at 781a-782a. Further, the trial court determined that there
is sufficient evidence of willful misconduct from the investigative disciplinary
hearing to support the termination of Terrick’s employment. Id. at 782a-784a. The
trial court also agreed with the Authority’s assertion that the Agreement was void as
a matter of law, distinguishing Terrick’s cited authority, but did not conduct an in-
depth analysis because the Agreement had expired and Terrick was properly
terminated. Id. at 784a.
             The trial court rejected Terrick’s due process argument regarding the
Authority’s failure to include in the record recordings of prior hearings that were
used at the September 14, 2016 hearing. R.R. at 784a-785a. The trial court


                                           6
explained that Terrick failed to cite case law or authority to support his claim; he did
not allege that the recordings are relevant to the case; and he had the opportunity to
supplement the record if he believed that it was incomplete. Id. at 785a.
               The trial court also rejected Terrick’s due process argument regarding
the Authority Solicitor’s participation in the investigative hearing and the
preparation of its Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law. R.R. at 785a. The trial
court explained that there is no requirement that the Authority appoint an
independent hearing officer and there is no evidence that the Solicitor played any
role or influenced the Authority’s decision in any way. Id. Moreover, the court
stated that Terrick was not entitled to a hearing as an at-will employee and the
Authority conducted the hearing out of an abundance of caution. Id. Terrick
appealed the trial court’s order, which was docketed at No. 151 C.D. 2018.6
               On March 15, 2018, the Authority filed a Praecipe for Entry of
Judgment in its favor based on the trial court’s December 28, 2017 order. R.R. at
777a-788a. On March 20, 2018, Terrick filed the Motion to strike the praecipe,
arguing that only Count I related to the statutory appeal and that Counts II and III,
relating to his breach of contract and WPCL claims, were not dismissed by the trial
court’s order. Id. at 789a-794a. On March 26, 2018, the trial court denied Terrick’s
Motion. Id. at 797a.7 Terrick filed an appeal from the trial court’s order, docketed


       6
          Where the Authority develops a complete record and the trial court takes no additional
evidence, our scope of review is limited to determining whether the Authority’s adjudication
violated Terrick’s constitutional rights, committed an error of law or violated the provisions of the
Local Agency Law, or made findings of fact necessary to support its adjudication that are not
supported by substantial evidence. Whitacker-Reid v. Pottsgrove School District, 160 A.3d 905,
912 n.13 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2017).
        7
          In the order denying Terrick’s Motion, the trial court stated:



                                                 7
in this Court at No. 526 C.D. 2018. The two appeals have been consolidated for
disposition.
                Terrick first claims that the trial court erred in concluding that the
Authority did not have the power to enter into the Agreement under the Municipality
Authorities Act. Terrick asserts that the Authority’s sewer treatment services are
proprietary in nature and that the Authority can enter into long-term contracts for
such services.8 As a result, Terrick submits that the Authority is empowered to enter
into the Agreement and its provisions are enforceable. Terrick distinguishes Stumpp
because that case did not involve an employment contract, and distinguishes Scott
because that case involved the Philadelphia Parking Authority, not a water authority
as in this case. However, Terrick’s attempt to distinguish the foregoing controlling
authority is unavailing.
                In Stumpp, the appellee was employed by a municipal authority as the
manager of its water treatment plant. The municipal authority sent the appellee a
letter stating that it was unhappy with his job performance and that he could no

                [Terrick’s] statutory appeal was scheduled before this Court and the
                parties had the opportunity to present evidence on all three (3)
                counts. There was never an agreement or understanding with the
                Court to bifurcate any part of this case. This Court’s December 28,
                2017 Memorandum Opinion and Order of Court dealt with all issues
                in [Terrick’s] statutory appeal to the extent the parties offered
                evidence or argument on such claims. [Terrick] has appealed this
                Court’s December 28, 2017 decision to the Commonwealth Court
                and, pursuant to Pa. R.A.P. 1701(a), this Court may no longer
                proceed further in this matter.

R.R. at 797a.

       8
          Judgment entered upon praecipe is final and appealable when it is entered on the docket,
and it is not subject to reconsideration or any other motion to strike, open, or vacate, but has to be
appealed within requisite appeal period. Pa. R.C.P. No. 227.4; Pa. R.A.P. 903(a); Conte v.
Hahnemann University Hospital, 707 A.2d 230, 231 (Pa. Super. 1998).
                                                  8
longer serve as the manager, but that it would place him as the plant operator until
his retirement. Nevertheless, the municipal authority terminated the appellee’s
employment and he appealed the decision as an adjudication under the Local Agency
Law to the common pleas court, which dismissed due to the lack of jurisdiction.
            On appeal to this Court, we reversed, finding that the municipal
authority’s letter offering employment constituted an implied employment contract
and, therefore, the appellee had a protectable property right. We also held that the
municipal authority had the power to enter into an employment contract and that the
doctrine of equitable estoppel precluded his termination without a hearing. Finally,
we held that the appellee’s termination was an adjudication from which he could
appeal because it affected his property rights. Accordingly, this Court remanded the
matter back to the common pleas court so that the appellee could be afforded notice
and a hearing on his termination.
            On further appeal, the Supreme Court reversed, stating:

                  As an initial matter, the Authority simply does not
            have the power under law to enter into contracts of
            employment that contract away the right of summary
            dismissal, since the power to confer tenure must be
            expressly set forth in the enabling legislation. [Scott];
            Bolduc v. Board of Supervisors, [618 A.2d 1188 (Pa.
            Cmwlth. 1992)]. As this Court stated in Scott:

                   Without more, an appointed public employee takes
                   his job subject to the possibility of summary
                   removal by the employing authority. He is
                   essentially an employee-at-will . . . .
                   Tenure in public employment, in the sense of
                   having a claim to employment which precludes
                   dismissal on a summary basis is, where it exists, a
                   matter of legislative grace . . . .



                                         9
                    [W]here the legislature has intended that tenure
                    should attach to public employment, it has been
                    very explicit in so stating . . . .

             [166 A.2d at 280-282]. This holding has not been
             abrogated by either this Court or by the legislature.
             Appellee presents no case law that refutes the explicit
             holding of this case.
Stumpp, 658 A.2d at 334-35. See also Short v. Borough of Lawrenceville, 696 A.2d
1158, 1159 (Pa. 1997) (“A local agency employee has a personal or property right
in her employment where she can establish a legitimate expectation of continued
employment through either a contract or statute. Also, Commonwealth authorities
and agencies do not have the power to enter into contracts of employment that
contract away the right of summary dismissal since the power to confer tenure must
be expressly set forth in the enabling legislation. . . . Here, no statute exists which
would guarantee respondent continued employment as secretary/treasurer of the
Borough. Also, the Borough’s personnel manual cannot contract away the right of
summary dismissal.”) (citations omitted); Scott, 166 A.2d at 282 (“The power
granted to the Authority under its enabling legislation is to appoint officers,
employees and agents and to fix their compensation, not to enter into contracts of
employment. Clearly, absent the contract, the Authority would have had the power
to discharge the appellee summarily. If the Authority has the power to contract away
this right, which under sound principles of law and public policy is fundamental to
a scheme of good government, it must be set forth expressly in the enabling
legislation. A studied examination of the [Authority’s enabling legislation] discloses
that not to be the case here.”) (emphasis in original).
             Likewise, in the instant case, Terrick fails to direct this Court to the
provision of the Municipality Authorities Act granting the Authority the power to


                                          10
enter into an employment contract.9 In the absence of such statutory authority, the
instant Agreement is void and unenforceable and will not support Terrick’s actions
for damages based upon its purported breach. See Bolduc, 618 A.2d at 1191 (“[T]he
general powers granted to the Township by [The Second Class Township Code10]
are similar to those enumerated in the enabling legislation involved in Scott.
Accordingly, the Township acted beyond its power by entering into the employment
contract with Bolduc and contracting away the right to summarily dismiss an
employee. Hence, the contract is void and unenforceable in its entirety and Bolduc
may not maintain an action for damages based upon a breach of that contract.”)
(citation omitted). See also Hartman v. Baker, 766 A.2d 347, 352 (Pa. Super. 2000)
(“The WPCL ‘does not create an employee’s substantive right to compensation;
rather, it only establishes an employee’s right to enforce payment of wages and
compensation to which an employee is otherwise entitled by the terms of an


       9
          The cases upon which Terrick relies involving contracts where a municipal authority is
acting in a proprietary function are inapposite because none of the cited cases directly involves an
employment contract between the authority and its employee. See Boyle v. Municipal Authority
of Westmoreland County, 796 A.2d 389, 393 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2002) (“Having concluded that RDM
is not the Authority’s employee, we need not consider whether the Agreement improperly
contracted away the Authority’s right to summary dismissal of its employees. A municipal
authority’s right to summary dismissal applies to its employees, not to independent contractors
with whom the authority conducts business. See [Stumpp]; [Scott]; Mitchell v Chester Housing
Authority, [132 A.2d 873 (Pa. 1957)].”). See also Wilson v. County of Montgomery (Pa. Cmwlth.,
No. 2463 C.D. 2010, filed November 17, 2011), slip op. at 5 n.2 (“The cases upon which Wilson
bases her arguments are inapplicable because they involve professionals specifically hired to
perform special services pursuant to a contract, explicit employment contracts offered by private
sector employers, civil service employees or collective bargaining agreements.”); Section 414(a)
of this Court’s Internal Operating Procedures, 210 Pa. Code §69.414(a) (“Parties may . . . cite an
unreported panel decision of this court issued after January 15, 2008, for its persuasive value, but
not as binding precedent.”).

       10
            Act of May 1, 1933, P.L. 103, as amended, 53 P.S. §§65101-68701.


                                                11
agreement.’”) (citation omitted). Because all three counts of Terrick’s petition for
appeal are based on the Authority’s purported violation of the terms of the
Agreement with respect to the termination of his employment or his right to
compensation thereunder, see R.R. at 12a-16a, the trial court did not err in
dismissing the petition and entering judgment in the Authority’s favor as to all of the
counts.11

       11
         Further, Terrick may not seek recovery in the petition for appeal on a theory of equitable
or promissory estoppel. As this Court has explained:

               [T]he Supreme Court of Pennsylvania has specifically stated:

                      More importantly, equitable estoppel has been affirmatively
                      rejected by this Court as an exception to the at-will rule. In
                      Paul v. Lankenau Hospital, [569 A.2d 346 (Pa. 1990)], we
                      held that “the doctrine of equitable estoppel is not an
                      exception to the employment at-will doctrine. An employee
                      may be discharged with or without cause, and our law does
                      not prohibit firing an employee for relying on an employer’s
                      promise.” Id. at [348]. Thus, the issue of whether Appellee
                      detrimentally relied on any promises of the [employer] is
                      simply not relevant in determining whether Appellee has a
                      protectable property interest in his employment.

               Stumpp, [658 A.2d at 336].

                       In addition, in order to make a claim for promissory estoppel,
               Wilson would have to show the following: (1) that the County made
               a promise that it should have reasonably expected to induce action
               or forbearance on the part of Wilson; (2) Wilson actually took action
               or refrained from taking action in reliance on this promise; and (3)
               injustice could be avoided only by enforcing the County’s promise.
               Crouse v. Cyclops Industries, [745 A.2d 606, 610 (Pa. 2000)].
               However, our Supreme Court has definitively stated that detrimental
               reliance on an employer’s promise is not relevant in the context of
               at-will employment and that firing an employee for relying upon an
               employer’s promise is not prohibited. Such language clearly
               precludes a claim for promissory estoppel because an employee


                                                12
               cannot meet all of the required elements to establish a claim. In
               addition, “exceptions to [the at-will] rule have been recognized in
               only the most limited of circumstances where discharges of at-will
               employees would threaten clear mandates of public policy.” Paul,
               [569 A.2d at 348]. Therefore, the trial court properly rejected the
               theory of promissory estoppel as an exception to the at-will
               employment rule.

Wilson, slip op. at 6-7. See also Short, 696 A.2d at 1159 (“This Court, however, has rejected
equitable estoppel as an exception to the at-will employment rule. See Stumpp, 658 A.2d at 336.”).

        Finally, Terrick’s claims based on due process or his right to a jury trial are also without
merit, as he possessed no property rights in his employment or compensation under the Agreement.
See, e.g., Commonwealth v. McMullen, 961 A.2d 842, 845-46 (Pa. 2008) (“This Court has
concluded, ‘[T]he right to trial by jury is not a “substantive right,” but a right of procedure through
which rights conferred by substantive law are enforced.’ Commonwealth v. Sorrell, [456 A.2d
1326, 1329 (Pa. 1982)] (citations omitted). . . . Ultimately, Sorrell is binding precedent, and we
re-affirm a right to a jury trial is a procedural right.”); Mahoney v. Philadelphia Housing Authority,
320 A.2d 459, 461 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1974) (“[In Perry v. Sindermann, 408 U.S. 593 (1972), it was]
alleged that the board’s failure to provide him an opportunity for a hearing violated the Fourteenth
Amendment’s guarantee of procedural due process, the Supreme Court held that such a right only
exists where a state-employed teacher has a right to reemployment under state law. In the present
case, our state law, [Scott], provides no right in employes of public authorities to tenure or
continued employment, they being employed only at will. Therefore, no right guaranteed by the
Fourteenth Amendment to some form of prior hearing in the case of removal exists here because
plaintiffs have no property interest, under Pennsylvania law, in continued employment.”).
                                                 13
               Accordingly, the trial court’s orders are affirmed.12




                                             MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge




Senior Judge Colins concurs in result only.




       12
          “This Court is not bound by the rationale of the trial court, and we may affirm the trial
court on any basis.” Commonwealth v. Williams, 73 A.3d 609, 617, n.4 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citation
omitted).
                                                14
         IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA


Michael Terrick,                     :
                                     :
                        Appellant    :
                                     :
                   v.                : No. 151 C.D. 2018
                                     : No. 526 C.D. 2018
Munhall Sanitary Sewer Municipal     :
Authority a/k/a Munhall Borough      :
Sanitary Sewer Authority             :


                                    ORDER


            AND NOW, this 18th day of December, 2018, the orders of the
Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas dated December 28, 2017, and March
26, 2018, are AFFIRMED.




                                     __________________________________
                                     MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
