                                 STATE OF VERMONT

                               ENVIRONMENTAL COURT


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In re: Appeal of                   }
 Michael Hamblin                   }      Docket No. 121-7-99 Vtec
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                 Decision and Order on Motion for Summary Judgment

       Appellant Michael Hamblin appealed from a decision of the Zoning Board of
Adjustment (ZBA) of the Town of Hinesburg upholding the Zoning Administrator=s decision
not to certify that Appellant=s property is free from zoning violations. Appellant is
represented by Joseph D. Fallon, Esq.; the Town is represented by Ernest M. Allen, Esq.
Appellant has moved for summary judgment.
       Appellant owns a 0.2-acre (approximately 8,712 square feet) lot of land with an A-
frame residential structure on the northwest shore of Sunset Lake in the Recreational or
Shoreline zoning district of the Town of Hinesburg. At the time of Appellant=s purchase, the
building contained 720 square feet of livable space, of which 576 feet was on the main
floor and 144 square feet was on the upper floor. Appellant purchased the property on
December 14, 1976, and moved in on January 1, 1977, since which time he has occupied
the property as his primary residence1 on a year-round basis. The Property Transfer Tax
Return described the building as a Ahouse@ rather than a Acamp or vacation home@ and
described the use of the property, both before and after the transfer, as a Aprimary
residence,@ rather than as a Acamp or vacation@ use.
       When Appellant=s predecessor in title acquired the property on or about July 25,
1972, the Property Transfer Tax return described the building as an AA-frame camp@ and


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        The property has also been treated as his primary residence for property tax
purposes.




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the use of the property as Acamp or vacation.@
       Under the 1966 zoning ordinance in effect from July through November of 1972,
Acabins, camps, chalets and similar structures,@ both single-family and Aall others@ were a
permitted use in the Recreational zoning district. No distinction was made between
seasonal use and year round use of such a structure, and no permit was required for the
conversion of use of a one-family cabin, camp, chalet or similar structure from seasonal to
year-round use.
       Under the zoning ordinances in effect from November of 1972 through and including
Appellants= purchase of the property on December 14, 1976, a Aone-family separate
dwelling@ was a permitted use in the Recreational zoning district. No distinction was made
between seasonal use and year round use of such a structure, and no permit was required
for the conversion of use of a one-family separate dwelling from seasonal to year-round
use. The term Adwelling unit@ was defined to exclude transient housing such as boarding
houses, hotels, motels, and tourist homes, but not to exclude small houses used by their
owners on a seasonal basis. As of the November 1972 zoning ordinance, a minimum lot
size of one acre and a minimum setback of 75 feet was required for residences in the
Recreational district, making Appellant=s property nonconforming as to those two
requirements, but not as to its use as either seasonal or year-round. Thus, ZBA approval
under '5.7.1 would have been necessary for any physical external changes to the building,
but not for a change from the part-year occupancy to the year-round occupancy of the one-
family separate dwelling.
       On May 24, 1980, Appellant obtained a zoning permit to elevate the slope of his roof
to expand the second floor of the structure. On the application, the use categories of
Aresidential@ and Asingle@ were checked. The application noted that the construction would
not expand the horizontal measurements of the existing structure.             The Zoning
Administrator granted the permit, and neither the Town nor any other party appealed.
Although the lot size and lakeshore setback were non-conforming, Appellant was not
required to apply to the ZBA for approval of the alteration of a non-conforming structure
under '5.7.1(a) of the 1976 zoning regulations then in effect.
       Under the Zoning Ordinance adopted effective March 23, 1981, the term Adwelling

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unit@ continued to be defined to exclude transient housing but not to exclude seasonal
residences. However, the term Apart time dwelling or camp@ was defined for the first time in
the 1981 zoning ordinance as a building Aoccupied as a dwelling@ for no more than seven
months in each of the preceding three years. A Aone-family separate dwelling@ continued
to be listed as a permitted use in the Shoreline zoning district, and no distinction was made
between seasonal use and year round use of such a structure, either in the permitted uses
('1310.1) or in the definitions of Aone-family dwelling@ or Adwelling unit.@ The 1981 zoning
ordinance continued to provide that non-conforming uses may be continued indefinitely but
may not be enlarged or altered without prior approval of the ZBA. '1450.2(1).
       For the first time, the 1981 zoning ordinance regulated the conversion of a Apart time
dwelling or camp@ to Ause as a full time residence.@ Although '14110 does not seem to
require a permit for such conversion (see '1510.1), such conversion must meet certain
standards as to liveable floor area, wastewater disposal, water supply and access.
       On October 3, 1988, Appellant obtained a zoning permit to construct a dormer and a
porch on the structure. On the application, the land use category of Aresidential@ was
checked. The Zoning Administrator granted the permit, and neither the Town nor any other
party appealed. Although the lot size and lakeshore setback continued to be non-
conforming, Appellant was not required to apply to the ZBA for approval of the alteration of
a non-conforming structure under '1450.2(1) of the 1981 zoning ordinance then in effect.
The Zoning Administrator issued a certificate of occupancy for the dormer and the porch.


       Accordingly, based on the foregoing, Appellant=s Motion for Summary Judgment is
GRANTED and the ZBA=s June 1, 1999 decision is reversed. The change of the use of
this structure from Apart time dwelling or camp use@ to Ause as a full-time residence@
occurred at some time between July of 1972 and December of 1976, well before such a
change was regulated under the Town=s zoning ordinances. The use of the property is as
a one-family separate dwelling, which is a permitted use in the district. The work done on
the building in 1980 and 1988 was done in conformance with duly-issued permits, which
became final and on which Appellant is entitled to rely. This decision concludes this
appeal in this Court. We note that because the property is non-conforming as to lot size

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and appears to be non-conforming as to lakeshore setback, any additional work to be done
on it in the future may require ZBA approval under the zoning ordinance in effect at that
time.



        Done at Barre, Vermont, this 18th day of July, 2000.




                            _________________________________________________
                                 Merideth Wright
                                 Environmental Judge




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