                     COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


Present:    Judges Benton, Coleman and Willis


GIPSON'S LTD. T/A THE BOSS RESTAURANT
                                             MEMORANDUM OPINION*
v.   Record No. 1679-99-2                         PER CURIAM
                                               DECEMBER 7, 1999
KIRK MALACHI PRINCE
AND
UNINSURED EMPLOYER'S FUND


           FROM THE VIRGINIA WORKERS' COMPENSATION COMMISSION

             (Michael P. Lafayette; Michael G. Montgomery;
             Simon, Lafayette & Associates, on brief), for
             appellant.

             (Jeremy C. Sharp; Geoffrey R. McDonald &
             Associates, on brief), for appellee Kirk
             Malachi Prince.

             (Mark L. Earley, Attorney General;
             Richard L. Walton, Jr., Senior Assistant
             Attorney General; Christopher D. Eib,
             Assistant Attorney General, on brief), for
             appellee Uninsured Employer's Fund.


     Gipson's Ltd. t/a The Boss Restaurant, filed a notice of

appeal and contends that the Workers' Compensation Commission

erred in finding that Kirk Malachi Prince was an employee of

Boss rather than an independent contractor.     As an appellee, the

Uninsured Employer's Fund similarly urges reversal of the

commission's decision.     Upon reviewing the record and the briefs

of the parties, we conclude that this appeal is without merit.


     * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, recodifying Code
§ 17-116.010, this opinion is not designated for publication.
Accordingly, we summarily affirm the commission’s decision.     See

Rule 5A:27.

     "The [Act] covers employees but not independent

contractors."   County of Spotsylvania v. Walker, 25 Va. App.

224, 229, 487 S.E.2d 274, 276 (1997).    This distinction must be

determined from the facts of each case, with the burden upon the

person seeking benefits under the Act to prove the relationship

contemplated by the Act.     See id. at 229-30, 487 S.E.2d at 276;

see Code § 65.2-101.    Although the commission's factual findings

are binding and conclusive on appeal, when they are supported by

credible evidence, see James v. Capitol Steel Constr. Co., 8 Va.

App. 512, 515, 382 S.E.2d 487, 488 (1989), a "[d]etermination of

the relationship involves a mixed question of law and fact which

is reviewable on appeal."     County of Spotsylvania, 25 Va. App.

at 230, 487 S.E.2d at 276.

     Generally, an individual "'is an employee if he works for

wages or a salary and the person who hires him reserves the

power to fire him and the power to exercise control over the

work to be performed.   The power of control is the most

significant indicium of the employment relationship.'"

Behrensen v. Whitaker, 10 Va. App. 364, 367, 392 S.E.2d 508,

509-10 (1990) (quoting Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Gill, 224

Va. 92, 98, 294 S.E.2d 840, 843 (1982)); see also Stover v.

Ratliff, 221 Va. 509, 512, 272 S.E.2d 40, 42 (1980).



                                 - 2 -
          [T]he right of control includes not only the
          power to specify the result to be attained,
          but the power to control "the means and
          methods by which the result is to be
          accomplished." An employer/employee
          relationship exists if the party for whom
          the work is to be done has the power to
          direct the means and methods by which the
          other does the work. "[I]f the latter is
          free to adopt such means and methods as he
          chooses to accomplish the result, he is not
          an employee but an independent contractor."

Intermodal Servs., Inc. v. Smith, 234 Va. 596, 601, 364 S.E.2d

221, 224 (1988) (citations omitted).

     In holding that an employee/employer relationship existed

between Prince and Boss, the commission found as follows:

               The evidence establishes that the
          ultimate power to discharge a particular
          security guard rests with Boss rather than
          Alexander. In so finding, we rely on
          Dance's unrebutted testimony. Boss did not
          exercise the right to instruct [Prince] as
          to the procedure to use in evicting an
          unruly customer, but it appears that it
          retained the power to control other major
          aspects of the duties performed by [Prince].
          It directed [Prince] to wear a side arm and
          uniform. It directed [Prince] to perform
          such duties as checking identification cards
          and placing wrist bands on patrons. These
          duties are within the normal scope of the
          employer's business. It directed which
          customers should be frisked, arrested or
          transported to the magistrate. The period
          of employment was not limited to the
          completion of a certain task but appears to
          be open-ended. [Prince] was paid on an
          hourly basis and received instructions at
          times from Boss managers. We find that the
          record establishes the existence of a
          master-servant relationship between Boss and
          [Prince].



                              - 3 -
     The commission's findings are amply supported by credible

evidence in the record.   The evidence proved that James

Alexander recruited Prince to work for Boss as a part-time

security guard.   Alexander also worked for Boss as a security

guard.   Although Alexander believed that he was an independent

contractor, no evidence showed that Alexander provided this

service for any other entity.   Alexander testified that he

recruits security guards for Boss, coordinates their work

schedules, and decides which security guards will work on a

particular night.   However, Boss determined the number of

security guards that would work on any given evening.

     Nathan Dance, a manager for Boss, testified that Boss hired

Alexander to manage all security personnel and that Boss

considered the security guards to be independent contractors.

Dance admitted, however, that Alexander had terminated another

security guard at the suggestion of Boss management and that on

occasion Boss managers gave directions to the security guards.

     Prince did not complete an employment application and was

paid by Boss on an hourly basis in cash without any deductions

for taxes or social security.   Alexander set the work schedule

for Prince, although Prince could decline to work a shift.

Prince believed that Alexander was an employee of Boss, and

Prince worked at the direction of both the senior security

guards and Boss management personnel, who were on duty.    If



                                - 4 -
Prince was the only security guard on duty, he took instructions

from Boss management.

     Boss required that Prince obtain at his own expense and

wear a black military style uniform and carry a handgun.    While

on duty, Prince performed various chores at the direction of

Boss employees, including checking identification and ages of

customers, placing wrist bands or a fluorescent ink stamp on

customers, frisking customers for contraband, providing security

in the bar or dance areas, evicting unruly customers, making

arrests, and breaking up fights.   Boss also determined, on a

case-by-case basis, which customers would be arrested and taken

before a magistrate.

     This evidence supports the commission's findings.     Thus,

the commission could reasonably conclude that Boss exercised the

requisite control over Prince to make him its employee.

     For these reasons, we affirm the commission's decision.

                                                           Affirmed.




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