                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JAN 17 2018
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

STATE COMPENSATION INSURANCE                    No.    16-55501
FUND, a Public Enterprise Fund and
Independent Agency of the State of
California,

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No.
                                                8:12-cv-01072-CJC-JCG
 v.

SANA ULLAH KHAN, an individual;              MEMORANDUM*
ALEXANDER ZAKS, an individual;
DAVID M. HOLMES, an individual;
DANIEL A. REYES, an individual; BRUCE
MCINTYRE ROTH, an individual;
ACCIDENT HELP LINE MEDICAL
GROUP, INC., a California corporation;
ALEXANDER ZAKS, M.D., DBA
Millcreek Surgery Center Medical Group, a
California corporation; ALTA SURGERY
CENTER MEDICAL CLINIC, INC., a
California corporation; TECHNICAL
SURGERY SUPPORT MEDICAL CLINIC
SERVICES, INC., a California corporation;
RELIABLE MEDICAL SUPPLY LLC, a
California limited liability company;
VALLEY INTERPRETING SERVICES,
LLC, a California limited liability company;
COMPREHENSIVE OUTPATIENT
SURGERY CENTER, LLC, a California
limited liability company; PHYSICIANS

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
MOBILE MEDICAL GROUP, INC., DBA
TVN Medical Group and Excell
Comprehensive Diagnostics, a California
corporation; PRECISION CARE MEDICAL
GROUP, a California corporation; TRUE
IMAGING MEDICAL GROUP, DBA True
View Radiology Medical Group, a
California professional corporation;
WINDSTAR MEDICAL ASSOCIATES,
DBA True Neurology Medical Centers, a
California professional corporation;
CRESCENT DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL
GROUP, INC., a California corporation;
CRESCENT COMPREHENSIVE
MANAGEMENT, INC., DBA Excell
Diagnostic and Mobile Medical Imaging
Xperts, a California corporation,

               Defendants-Appellees.

                  Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Central District of California
                  Cormac J. Carney, District Judge, Presiding

                     Argued and Submitted January 8, 2018
                             Pasadena, California

Before: M. SMITH and FRIEDLAND, Circuit Judges, and RAKOFF,** District
Judge.

      Plaintiff-Appellant State Compensation Insurance Fund (State Fund) appeals

the district court’s grant of summary judgment to Defendants-Appellees. We have




      **
            The Honorable Jed S. Rakoff, Senior United States District Judge for
the Southern District of New York, sitting by designation.

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jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

      As the facts and procedural history are familiar to the parties, we do not

recite them here.

1.    The district court properly granted summary judgment to Defendants-

Appellees Alexander Zaks; David M. Holmes; Daniel A. Reyes (together with

Zaks and Holmes, the Individual Zaks Defendants); Accident Help Line Medical

Group, Inc.; Alexander Zaks, M.D., Inc.; Alta Surgery Center Medical Clinic, Inc.;

Technical Surgery Support Medical Clinic Services, Inc.; Reliable Medical Supply

LLC; Valley Interpreting Services, LLC; and Comprehensive Outpatient Surgery

Center, LLC, because State Fund’s claims against these Defendants-Appellees

were precluded by the broad liability releases contained in the 2010 Settlement

Agreements. The district court correctly determined that the releases protected all

of these Defendants-Appellees because even State Fund’s claims against the

Individual Zaks Defendants were premised on acts within the scope of their agency

relationships with lien claimants, such that liability was precluded by the releases’

plain terms.

      The court also correctly held that there were no grounds for rescinding the

2010 Settlement Agreements. California Civil Code § 1689 provides that “[a]

party to a contract may rescind the contract” if his consent thereto was “obtained

through duress, menace, fraud, or undue influence, exercised by or with the


                                          3
connivance of the party as to whom he rescinds.” Id. § 1689(b)(1). For fraud to

justify rescission, however, it must be extrinsic. California “will not relieve a party

from the effect of a judgment claimed to have been obtained by fraud” if the fraud

charged “relates to matters upon which the judgment was regularly obtained and

where an opportunity was given to the party against whom it was entered to contest

the matters in issue, or present any defense which was available,” or if the fraud

“was directed to or bore upon the claim or issue which was before the court for

determination, as when a judgment is entered upon a fraudulent claim, or is

procured by false testimony, where the party had an opportunity to be heard as to

these matters.” Flood v. Templeton, 92 P. 78, 81 (Cal. 1907); see also La Salle v.

Peterson, 32 P.2d 612, 612-13 (Cal. 1934).

      Here, there was no extrinsic fraud to justify rescission. All of the allegations

of fraud relate to the negotiation of the 2009 Settlement Agreement, so it is almost

a logical impossibility that such fraud would be extrinsic to the 2010 Settlement

Agreements. Specifically, State Fund had the opportunity to be heard regarding

the validity of the 2009 Settlement before the arbitrator and decided to negotiate

the superseding 2010 Settlements instead. State Fund had the opportunity to

investigate the fraudulence of the Zaks Entities’ billings before entering into the

2010 Settlements and did so in depth, with the help of outside counsel. State Fund

then had the opportunity to contest the fairness of the 2010 Settlements before the


                                          4
arbitrator as well, and did not. These facts decide the issue. The inclusion of a

conspiracy allegation does not “operate to change what would otherwise be

intrinsic fraud into extrinsic fraud.” Tracy v. Muir, 90 P. 832, 835 (Cal. 1907).

      There was also no connivance. For connivance to justify rescission, a

contracting party who enters into a contract under duress must show that another

contracting party, although not responsible for the duress, “knows that it has taken

place and takes advantage of it by enforcing the contract, particularly a contract

made with inadequate consideration.” Chan v. Lund, 116 Cal. Rptr. 3d 122, 134

(Ct. App. 2010) (citing Leeper v. Beltrami, 347 P.2d 12 (Cal. 1959) (en banc), as

modified on denial of reh’g (Dec. 30, 1989)), as modified on denial of reh’g (Oct.

28, 2010). State Fund cannot make such a showing. The 2010 Settlement

Agreements all contained a provision that stated that “[n]o party executed [the]

Agreement under duress, economic or otherwise.” Because any assertion that the

Zaks Defendants connived with respect to the 2010 Settlement Agreements

depends on the notion that Roth’s entry into the 2009 Agreement and Defendants’

attempt to enforce the 2009 Agreement coerced State Fund into entering the 2010

Agreements, this provision waives and thus forecloses State Fund’s connivance

argument.

      Finally, State Fund failed to take the additional steps required to effect

rescission under California law. State Fund failed to give notice of its intent to


                                          5
rescind the 2010 Settlement Agreements “promptly upon discovering the facts”

that it believed entitled it to rescission, and it never offered to restore everything of

value that it had received under these agreements. See Cal. Civ. Code § 1691.

State Fund’s failure to do so was substantially prejudicial to Defendants-Appellees.

See id. § 1693.

2.    The district court properly granted summary judgment to Defendant-

Appellee Bruce Roth because there was insufficient evidence of concerted action

between Roth and any other Defendant-Appellee. State Fund has failed to

establish essential elements of its RICO and RICO conspiracy claims: State Fund

has not introduced evidence to show that Roth was associated together with any

other Defendants-Appellees for a common purpose of engaging in a course of

conduct, and intended to participate in the association in fact.

3.    The district court properly granted summary judgment to Defendants-

Appellees Sana Ullah Khan; Physicians Mobile Medical Group, Inc.; Precision

Care Medical Group; True Imaging Medical Group; Windstar Medical Associates;

Crescent Diagnostic Medical Group, Inc.; and Crescent Comprehensive

Management, Inc. because State Fund’s claims against them were barred by the

four-year statute of limitations for civil RICO actions. See, e.g., Pincay v.

Andrews, 238 F.3d 1106, 1108 (9th Cir. 2001). State Fund has not introduced

evidence of new acts or injuries within the four years preceding this suit; a third-


                                            6
party’s collection of claims no longer owned by these Defendants-Appellees does

not restart the statute of limitations with regard to State Fund’s claims against

them. Cf. Grimmett v. Brown, 75 F.3d 506, 509-14 (9th Cir. 1996) (concluding

that statute of limitations began to run when plaintiff filed an adversary complaint

in a related bankruptcy proceeding and rejecting notion that more recent acts

inflicted any new injury).

      For the foregoing reasons, the district court’s grant of summary judgment to

all Defendants-Appellees is AFFIRMED.




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