                         IN THE NEBRASKA COURT OF APPEALS

               MEMORANDUM OPINION AND JUDGMENT ON APPEAL
                        (Memorandum Web Opinion)

                                PAULSON V. HAMELIN-PAULSON


  NOTICE: THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PERMANENT PUBLICATION
 AND MAY NOT BE CITED EXCEPT AS PROVIDED BY NEB. CT. R. APP. P. § 2-102(E).


                                  JEREMY PAULSON, APPELLEE,
                                               V.

                             TERRI HAMELIN-PAULSON, APPELLANT.


                             Filed April 14, 2020.   No. A-19-686.


       Appeal from the District Court for Douglas County: PETER C. BATAILLON, Judge.
Affirmed.
       James Walter Crampton for appellant.
       Nancy R. Shannon, of Cordell Law, L.L.P., for appellee.


       MOORE, Chief Judge, and RIEDMANN and WELCH, Judges.
       RIEDMANN, Judge.
                                       INTRODUCTION
        Terri Hamelin-Paulson appeals the order of the district court for Douglas County which
dissolved her marriage to Jeremy Paulson and divided the marital estate. She claims that the court
abused its discretion in failing to award her $38,000 she claims she spent on improvements to
Jeremy’s premarital residence. We find no abuse of discretion and therefore affirm the district
court’s order.
                                        BACKGROUND
        The parties were married in October 2016. In June 2018, Jeremy filed a complaint for
dissolution of the marriage. The sole issue at trial revolved around a residence that Jeremy owned
prior to the marriage. Jeremy testified that he purchased the home in 2000, and the value of the
residence in 2016 was $80,400. In 2018, the value of the home had increased to $90,900.



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         The parties made significant repairs and improvements to the home during the marriage.
Terri and Jeremy agreed that they provided most of the labor for the work that was done, but they
disagreed on who paid for the work. Terri offered into evidence a list of all of the upgrades and
improvements she claims she paid for on Jeremy’s home. She estimated that the total amount she
spent on the improvements was $38,000 and explained that these funds came from life insurance
proceeds she received after the death of her previous husband.
         Jeremy disagreed that Terri provided virtually all of the money used to renovate his home,
testifying that he paid for “quite a bit” of the improvements but could not recall specifically who
paid for what. He was asked about the list Terri created, and he said that he did not agree that she
paid for everything included on the list. He reiterated that while he could not remember who paid
for which improvements, they both contributed to the costs and he “paid for a lot of [the work] on
credit cards.”
         After trial, the district court entered findings of fact and the decree dissolving the marriage.
The court found that the value of Jeremy’s residence at the time of the marriage was $80,000 and
that its value in 2018 was $90,900. The court noted Terri’s testimony that she spent $38,000 of her
premarital money on repairs and improvements to the residence and observed that Jeremy agreed
that money was spent on the residence but that he did not agree to the amount Terri claimed she
spent. The court noted that there was no evidence that the cost of the repairs and improvements
was fair and reasonable; nevertheless, it found that the value of the house had increased during the
marriage by $10,900. Thus, assuming that the residence had not appreciated on its own and that
the sole reason for the appreciation was the repairs and improvements, the court classified the
increase in value as a marital asset and divided it equally between the parties, awarding each party
$5,450. The court also awarded Jeremy $590 in attorney fees, and therefore, after deducting the
attorney fees from Terri’s half of the marital value of Jeremy’s residence, Jeremy was ordered to
pay $4,860 to Terri. Terri appeals.
                                    ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
        Terri assigns that the district court abused its discretion in failing to award an equitable
division of property which should have restored to her the money she spent improving Jeremy’s
residence.
                                     STANDARD OF REVIEW
        In a marital dissolution action, an appellate court reviews the case de novo on the record to
determine whether there has been an abuse of discretion by the trial judge. This standard of review
applies to the trial court’s determinations regarding custody, child support, division of property,
alimony, and attorney fees. Burgardt v. Burgardt, 304 Neb. 356, 934 N.W.2d 488 (2019). In a
review de novo on the record, an appellate court is required to make independent factual
determinations based upon the record, and the court reaches its own independent conclusions with
respect to the matters at issue. Id. However, when evidence is in conflict, the appellate court
considers and may give weight to the fact that the trial court heard and observed the witnesses and
accepted one version of the facts rather than another. Id. A judicial abuse of discretion exists if the




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reasons or rulings of a trial judge are clearly untenable, unfairly depriving a litigant of a substantial
right and denying just results in matters submitted for disposition. Id.
                                             ANALYSIS
         Terri argues that the district court’s division of property was an abuse of discretion. She
claims that she spent $38,000 of her premarital money to renovate Jeremy’s property, and because
Jeremy did not dispute her testimony, she should have been awarded an interest in the residence
of $38,000. We find no abuse of discretion in the district court’s division of property.
         Equitable property division under Neb. Rev. Stat. § 42-365 (Reissue 2016) is a three-step
process. Stephens v. Stephens, 297 Neb. 188, 899 N.W.2d 582 (2017). The first step is to classify
the parties’ property as marital or nonmarital. Id. The second step is to value the marital assets and
determine the marital liabilities of the parties. Id. The third step is to calculate and divide the net
marital estate between the parties in accordance with the principles contained in § 42-365. Stephens
v. Stephens, supra.
         The third step of the process is at issue in the present case, because Terri assigns that the
district court’s division of property was inequitable. She argues that the only equitable division of
property would be one that restores to her the $38,000 she invested into Jeremy’s residence. She
does not argue that her contributions to the home were significant and therefore the home should
have been classified as marital property; rather, she limits her argument to the division of the
marital estate. We therefore do the same.
         Terri’s argument assumes that the district court found her evidence that she paid for
$38,000 worth of improvements to Jeremy’s residence to be credible. She claims that the evidence
of her contribution was undisputed and that “Jeremy had no recollection of who paid for anything
but did not deny that Terri paid for all the home projects.” Brief for appellant at 4. Her claim is not
supported by the record, however. Jeremy testified that he “wholeheartedly” disagreed with Terri’s
assertion that she provided virtually all of the money used to renovate his home. He was later again
asked whether he agreed that Terri paid for the rehabilitation to the home, and he responded, “I do
not agree with that.” Jeremy acknowledged having seen the list Terri created of the work she
claimed to have paid for, and he said that he disagreed that she provided all of those things for his
house. He claimed multiple times that he could not recall who paid for which improvements but
that both he and Terri had contributed toward the costs. He claimed that he paid for “quite a bit”
of the work and that he put “a lot” of the costs on his credit cards. We therefore do not agree with
Terri’s assertion that the evidence of her contribution of $38,000 was undisputed.
         The district court’s order also indicates that it did not find Terri’s estimate to be credible.
The court’s order notes Terri’s testimony and figure of $38,000 as well as Jeremy’s testimony to
the contrary. The district court recognized the conflicting testimony and also observed that at the
time Terri “incurred whatever amounts that she paid for these repairs and improvements,” she was
married to Jeremy and did not request any type of loan from him nor was there evidence that the
costs of the improvements were fair and reasonable. The court also recognized that Terri requested
that she receive the entire $38,000 back from Jeremy, but it elected not to award her the amount
she sought.




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         When evidence is in conflict, the appellate court considers and may give weight to the fact
that the trial court heard and observed the witnesses and accepted one version of the facts rather
than another. Burgardt v. Burgardt, 304 Neb. 356, 934 N.W.2d 488 (2019). Given the conflict in
the testimony here, we give weight to the district court’s finding that Jeremy’s testimony regarding
who paid the costs of the home improvements was more credible than Terri’s. As such, the court
did not abuse its discretion in declining to award $38,000 to Terri.
         To the extent Terri claims that she was entitled to a larger share than half of the $10,900 of
the appreciation in the home to compensate her for her contributions to the home’s improvements,
we disagree. Neither party disputes that although Jeremy owned the home prior to the marriage,
the appreciation in the value of the home that occurred during the marriage was properly classified
as a marital asset. See White v. White, 304 Neb. 945, 937 N.W.2d 838 (2020) (appreciation of
nonmarital asset caused by marital contributions constitutes marital property). Thus, the question
for the district court was how to divide the $10,900 in appreciation equitably between the parties.
         The purpose of a property division is to distribute the marital assets equitably between the
parties. Osantowski v. Osantowski, 298 Neb. 339, 904 N.W.2d 251 (2017). In dividing property
and considering alimony upon a dissolution of marriage, a court should consider four factors: (1)
the circumstances of the parties, (2) the duration of the marriage, (3) the history of contributions
to the marriage, and (4) the ability of the supported party to engage in gainful employment. Id. In
addition to the specific criteria listed in § 42-365, in dividing property and considering alimony
upon a dissolution of marriage, a court should consider the income and earning capacity of each
party and the general equities of the situation. Osantowski v. Osantowski, supra. As a general rule,
a spouse should be awarded one-third to one-half of the marital estate, the polestar being fairness
and reasonableness as determined by the facts of each case. Id.
         Here, Jeremy purchased the residence in 2000, and he and Terri were married for less than
2 years. The evidence indicates that the parties both contributed to the marriage. The parties lived
in Jeremy’s residence after they got married. Jeremy was in the military, and during the marriage,
he was receiving disability benefits due to an injury. He paid the household bills. Terri contributed
either $400 or $600 per month to the bills, paid for their groceries and internet, and provided her
own insurance.
         Regarding Jeremy’s premarital residence, the parties agreed that they jointly worked to
make improvements on the home. Terri claimed that she paid for all of the improvements, at a total
cost to her of $38,000. Jeremy disputed Terri’s claim, stating multiple times that he could not recall
who paid for which improvements but that they both contributed to the costs. There was no
evidence as to the total cost of all of the work that was done on the home; rather, the evidence
showed only that the value of the home increased by $10,900. The district court recognized the
parties’ conflicting testimonies and referred to “whatever amounts” Terri paid for the
improvements, an indication that the court did not find Terri’s estimate that she spent $38,000 to
be credible.
         We also note that Jeremy submitted evidence of a total of $17,138 of debt in his name that
he asked the court to classify as marital property and divide between the parties. He also requested
that the appreciation on his residence be offset against that debt. The district court, however,
declined Jeremy’s request and instead ordered that each party pay the debts in his or her name.



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Given the foregoing evidence, we find that the district court did not abuse its discretion in dividing
the appreciation of Jeremy’s nonmarital residence equally between the parties.
                                          CONCLUSION
       We find no abuse of discretion in the district court’s decision to divide the appreciation of
Jeremy’s residence equally between the parties and to decline to award Terri the $38,000 she
sought. The court’s order is therefore affirmed.
                                                                                         AFFIRMED.




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