MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
                                                                    Jan 21 2016, 8:44 am
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.


ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                   ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Andrew E. Grossnickle                                    Gregory F. Zoeller
Green, Grossnickle & Flecker, LLP                        Attorney General of Indiana
Syracuse, Indiana
                                                         Robert J. Henke
                                                         Deputy Attorney General
                                                         Abigail R. Recker
                                                         Deputy Attorney General
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana



                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In the Matter of the Termination                         January 21, 2016
of the Parent-Child Relationship                         Court of Appeals Case No.
of: B.G. and Br.G. (Minor                                92A05-1507-JT-980
Children),                                               Appeal from the Whitley Circuit
                                                         Court
K.F. and Z.G.,                                           The Honorable James R. Heuer,
Appellants-Respondents,                                  Judge
                                                         Trial Court Cause Nos.
        v.                                               92C01-1502-JT-4 and
                                                         92C01-1502-JT-5
Indiana Department of Child
Services,
Appellee-Petitioner.




Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 92A05-1507-JT-980| January 21, 2016      Page 1 of 13
      Najam, Judge.


                                          Statement of the Case
[1]   K.F. (“Mother”) appeals the trial court’s termination of her parental rights over

      her two minor children, Bra. G. and Bri. G. (“the children”). 1 Mother presents

      a single issue for our review, namely, whether the trial court’s judgment is

      clearly erroneous. We affirm.


                                    Facts and Procedural History
[2]   In June of 2012, the Indiana Department of Child Services (“DCS”) filed

      petitions in which it alleged the children to be Children in Need of Services

      (“CHINS”) due to Mother’s drug use and her incarceration. Mother later

      admitted that the children were CHINS. Consequently, the trial court ordered

      Mother to participate in various services, including certain therapy and

      visitation sessions.


[3]   On February 26, 2015, DCS filed its petition to terminate Mother’s parental

      rights over the children. Following a fact-finding hearing in which numerous

      service providers testified, the court entered the following findings of fact:

               19. [Bra. G.] is described as a girl that [sic] likes to keep to
               herself. She has been diagnosed with ADHD.




      1
         Although Z.G., the children’s father, was a party to the trial court proceedings and also had his parental
      rights terminated, he does not participate in this appeal.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 92A05-1507-JT-980| January 21, 2016               Page 2 of 13
        20. [Bri. G.] is described as rather protective of her older
        sister . . . and is attached to her foster sister . . . . [Bri. G.] enjoys
        doing whatever [her foster sister] does. She has nearly outgrown
        [Bra. G.], although she is approximately a year younger.


        21. The children have been in the care of their maternal great
        aunt and uncle . . . since the time the children were removed . . . .


        22. [Bra. G.] is involved in speech therapy, and she has an
        Individual Education Plan (IEP).


        23. [Bra. G.] sees Dr. Hani Ahmad, a child psychiatrist at the
        Bowen Center in Columbia City, Indiana, as a result of her
        ADHD, behavior problems, and medication management.


        24. Dr. Ahmad has seen [Bra. G.] since the summer of 2014.


        25. In or around July 2014, Dr. Ahmad made a
        recommendation that [Bra. G.]’s visits with Mother be reduced
        to once a month as a result of behavior problems that relative
        caregivers were experiencing with [Bra. G.] after her visits with
        Mother.


                                                ***


        29. Dr. Ahmad testified that [Bra. G.]’s behaviors improved after
        her visits with Mother were reduced to once a month. Dr.
        Ahmad testified that[,] after visits with Mother were reduced,
        [Bra. G.]’s anxiety got much better, and she was less nervous.


                                                ***




Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 92A05-1507-JT-980| January 21, 2016   Page 3 of 13
        34. In regards to Mother’s individual therapy and [participation
        with a Rehabilitation Services Provider (“RSP”)], service
        providers testified that Mother’s participation . . . has been
        inconsistent at least in the last year of the underlying CHINS
        causes.


        35. Alicia Johnson, the DCS Local Liaison for Bowen
        Center, . . . testified that Mother was to attend RSP services twice
        weekly.


        36. Johnson testified as to Mother’s attendance in RSP services
        since May 2014. Mother’s participation and attendance in RSP
        services was as follows:


                 a. May 2014: 0 attended sessions; 1 cancelled session;


                 b. June 2014: 0 attended sessions;


                 c. July 2014: 0 attended sessions;


                 d. August 2014: 0 attended sessions;


                 e. September 2014: 0 attended sessions; 1 cancelled
                 session;


                 f. October 2014: 1 attended session; 1 cancelled session;


                 g. November 2014: 0 attended sessions; 1 cancelled
                 session; 1 no-showed session;


                 h. December 2014: 0 attended sessions; 2 cancelled
                 sessions; 1 no-showed session;


Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 92A05-1507-JT-980| January 21, 2016   Page 4 of 13
                 i. January 2015: 0 attended sessions; 1 cancelled session;


                 j. February 2015: 2 attended sessions;


                 k. March 2015: 1 attended session;


                 l. April 2015: 1 attended session;


                 m. May 2015: 3 attended sessions; 1 no-showed session.


        37. Mother was completely absent from RSP services from May
        2014 through September 2014.


        38. Amanda Freiburger . . . is Mother’s rehabilitation service
        provider . . . through the Bowen Center, and she has worked with
        Mother since Fall 2013.


        39. Freiburger works with Mother on such things as budgeting,
        parenting, obtaining suitable housing, financial stability,
        obtaining her GED, and employment.


        40. Mother attended GED classes in Fall of 2013, but she never
        obtained her GED.


        41. Freiburger testified that Mother’s participation in services
        has been “up and down.” Freiburger observed that Mother
        would tend not to engage in services when her personal life [wa]s
        going well and would re-engage when her personal life was not
        going well. Freiburger used the example that[,] if Mother had a
        job, she would tend to be less engaged in services.




Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 92A05-1507-JT-980| January 21, 2016   Page 5 of 13
        42. Mother has been living at the Lighthouse, an organization
        that provides transitional housing, in Columbia City, Indiana[,]
        for approximately five (5) or six (6) months.


        43. Mother had been encouraged by DCS and services providers
        to consider living at the Lighthouse at least as of 2014.


        44. Recently, Freiburger assisted Mother in preparing an
        application for shelter care plus, which assists those who have
        low income in getting . . . stable housing.


        45. Mother is currently on the wait list for shelter care plus.


        46. Freiburger testified that the . . . waiting period for shelter
        care plus could be anywhere from one (1) month to six (6)
        months.


        47. Freiburger testified that Mother would need to focus on
        resolving her own issues before she would be in a position to
        have her children in her care.


        48. Julie Shearer . . . is employed by the Bowen Center, and she
        is Mother’s therapist.


        49. Shearer has been Mother’s therapist since July 2013.


        50. Shearer describes Mother as a person who is in recovery and
        struggles with depression and anxiety.


        51. Shearer works with Mother on abstinence, maintaining her
        sobriety, healthy relationships, and self-esteem.




Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 92A05-1507-JT-980| January 21, 2016   Page 6 of 13
        52. Mother was to attend individual therapy sessions once a
        week.


        53. [Mother] participated in therapy from July 2013 to May
        2014, but she became inconsistent in attendance beginning in
        February 2014.


        54. Mother did not attend any therapy sessions with Shearer
        between May 2014 and September 2014.


        55. Shearer attempted to make contact with Mother.


        56. Mother re-engaged in therapy on September 17, 2014.


        57. Mother’s participation and attendance in therapy since
        September 17, 2014[,] was as follows:


                 a. October 2014: 2 attended sessions; 4 cancelled
                 sessions; 1 no-showed session;


                 b. November 2014: 1 attended session; 1 cancelled
                 session; 3 no-showed sessions;


                 c. December 2014: 3 attended sessions; 1 no-showed
                 session;


                 d. January 2015: 2 attended sessions; 4 cancelled
                 sessions; 1 no-showed session;


                 e. February 2015: 2 attended sessions; 1 cancelled
                 session; 1 no-showed session;



Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 92A05-1507-JT-980| January 21, 2016   Page 7 of 13
                 f. March 2015: 4 attended sessions;


                 g. April 2015: 3 attended sessions; 2 cancelled sessions;


                 h. May 2015: 3 attended sessions; 1 no-showed session;


                                                ***


        60. Mother did not submit to drug screens with Shearer when
        she was absent from participation in therapy.


                                                ***


        71. Throughout the duration of the underlying CHINS causes,
        Mother has had supervised visitations with the children.


        72. Mother’s supervised visitation began as goal-directed, a form
        of visitation in which the supervisor plays a more interactive role
        to assist Mother.


        73. Mother’s visitation transitioned to supervised, observation
        only, a form of visitation in which the supervisor does not engage
        in the visitation.


        74. In April 2015, there was a Child and Family Team Meeting
        in which Mother’s visitation was discussed. The team discussed
        transitioning Mother’s visits back to supervised, goal-directed.
        Mother agreed to this transition.


        75. The time of Mother’s visitation also regressed. Throughout
        the underlying CHINS cases, Mother’s visitations increased from
        one (1) hour visits to two (2) hour visits to four (4) hour visits and


Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 92A05-1507-JT-980| January 21, 2016   Page 8 of 13
              then back [to] two (2) hours as a result of Mother’s inconsistency
              in participating in services.


              76. Throughout the underlying CHINS causes, Mother has
              never transitioned to unsupervised visitation with the children.


              77. The CASA volunteer . . . recommends that termination of
              parental rights would serve the best interests of the children . . . .


              78. FCM Chelsey Smith testified that terminating the parental
              rights of Mother would be in the children’s best interests.


      Appellant’s App. at 18-23.


[4]   In light of its findings, the court concluded in relevant part:

              2. There is a reasonable probability that:


                       a. The conditions which resulted in the children’s removal
                       and continued placement outside the home will not be
                       remedied by the parents;


                       b. That continuation of the parent-child relationship poses
                       a threat to the children’s wellbeing.


      Id. at 24. The court then terminated Mother’s parental rights over the children.

      This appeal ensued.


                                     Discussion and Decision
[5]   Mother appeals the trial court’s termination of her parental rights over the

      children. We begin our review of this issue by acknowledging that “[t]he

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 92A05-1507-JT-980| January 21, 2016   Page 9 of 13
      traditional right of parents to establish a home and raise their children is

      protected by the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution.”

      Bailey v. Tippecanoe Div. of Family & Children (In re M.B.), 666 N.E.2d 73, 76 (Ind.

      Ct. App. 1996), trans. denied. However, a trial court must subordinate the

      interests of the parents to those of the child when evaluating the circumstances

      surrounding a termination. Schultz v. Porter Cnty. Ofc. of Family & Children (In re

      K.S.), 750 N.E.2d 832, 837 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001). Termination of a parent-child

      relationship is proper where a child’s emotional and physical development is

      threatened. Id. Although the right to raise one’s own child should not be

      terminated solely because there is a better home available for the child, parental

      rights may be terminated when a parent is unable or unwilling to meet his or

      her parental responsibilities. Id. at 836.


[6]   Before an involuntary termination of parental rights can occur in Indiana, DCS

      is required to allege and prove, in relevant part:


              (A) that one (1) of the following is true:


                       (i) The child has been removed from the parent for at least
                       six (6) months under a dispositional decree.


                                                          ***


              (B) that one (1) of the following is true:


                       (i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions
                       that resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 92A05-1507-JT-980| January 21, 2016   Page 10 of 13
                       placement outside the home of the parents will not be
                       remedied.


                       (ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation
                       of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-
                       being of the child.


                       (iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been
                       adjudicated a child in need of services;


               (C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and


               (D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of
               the child.


      Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2). That statute provides that DCS need establish only

      one of the requirements of subsection (b)(2)(B) before the trial court may

      terminate parental rights. DCS’s “burden of proof in termination of parental

      rights cases is one of ‘clear and convincing evidence.’” R.Y. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child

      Servs. (In re G.Y.), 904 N.E.2d 1257, 1260-61 (Ind. 2009) (quoting I.C. § 31-37-

      14-2).


[7]   When reviewing a termination of parental rights, we will not reweigh the

      evidence or judge the credibility of the witnesses. Peterson v. Marion Cnty. Ofc. of

      Family & Children (In re D.D.), 804 N.E.2d 258, 265 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans.

      denied. Instead, we consider only the evidence and reasonable inferences that

      are most favorable to the judgment. Id. Moreover, in deference to the trial

      court’s unique position to assess the evidence, we will set aside the court’s


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 92A05-1507-JT-980| January 21, 2016   Page 11 of 13
      judgment terminating a parent-child relationship only if it is clearly erroneous.

      Judy S. v. Noble Cnty. Ofc. of Family & Children (In re L.S.), 717 N.E.2d 204, 208

      (Ind. Ct. App. 1999), trans. denied.


[8]   Here, in terminating Mother’s parental rights, the trial court entered specific

      findings of fact and conclusions thereon. When a trial court’s judgment

      contains special findings and conclusions, we apply a two-tiered standard of

      review. Bester v. Lake Cnty. Ofc. of Family & Children, 839 N.E.2d 143, 147 (Ind.

      2005). First, we determine whether the evidence supports the findings and,

      second, we determine whether the findings support the judgment. Id.

      “Findings are clearly erroneous only when the record contains no facts to

      support them either directly or by inference.” Quillen v. Quillen, 671 N.E.2d 98,

      102 (Ind. 1996). If the evidence and inferences support the trial court’s

      decision, we must affirm. In re L.S., 717 N.E.2d at 208.


[9]   Mother’s only argument on appeal is that DCS failed to demonstrate that “there

      is a reasonable probability the conditions which resulted in the children’s

      removal and continued placement outside the home will not be remedied.”

      Appellant’s Br. at 9. In particular, Mother asserts that “the trial court failed to

      give sufficient weight to the efforts made by [M]other to achieve reunification.”

      Id. at 6. That is, Mother asserts that the trial court’s termination order is clearly

      erroneous because the court did not “take into account [Mother’s] fitness at the

      time of the” fact-finding hearing on DCS’s petition for the termination of

      Mother’s parental rights. Id. at 9.



      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 92A05-1507-JT-980| January 21, 2016   Page 12 of 13
[10]   Mother’s arguments are not well taken. First, she does not challenge the trial

       court’s alternative, and equally valid, basis for termination on the grounds that

       continuation of the parent-child relationship posed a threat to the well-being of

       the children. See I.C. § 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B)(ii). Having failed to challenge this

       independent basis for the trial court’s order, Mother has waived this argument,

       and we are obliged to affirm the trial court’s order accordingly. In re L.S., 717

       N.E.2d at 209.


[11]   Second, Mother’s waiver notwithstanding, her challenge to the trial court’s

       order under Indiana Code Section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B)(i) is merely a request for

       this court to reweigh the evidence. Mother does not challenge DCS’s evidence,

       the court’s factual findings, or the court’s reliance on those findings in its

       conclusions. Rather, she asserts only that the court “failed to give sufficient

       weight” to certain evidence Mother deems more favorable to her than the

       evidence the court relied on. Appellant’s Br. at 6. We will not reweigh the

       evidence on appeal. In re D.D., 804 N.E.2d at 265. We cannot say that the trial

       court’s order is clearly erroneous.


[12]   Affirmed.


       Riley, J., and May, J., concur.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 92A05-1507-JT-980| January 21, 2016   Page 13 of 13
