[Cite as Carpenter v. Carpenter, 2011-Ohio-2321.]


STATE OF OHIO                    )                   IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                 )ss:                NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF MEDINA                 )

LESLIE M. CARPENTER                                  C.A. No.       10CA0044-M

        Appellee

        v.                                           APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                     ENTERED IN THE
JAMES W. CARPENTER                                   COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                                                     COUNTY OF MEDINA, OHIO
        Appellant                                    CASE No.   08DR0403

                                 DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: May 16, 2011



        DICKINSON, Judge.

                                            INTRODUCTION

        {¶1}    After twenty-three years of marriage, Leslie Carpenter filed for divorce from her

husband, James Carpenter. Although both parties were initially represented by lawyers, Mr.

Carpenter’s lawyer withdrew two days before trial. The trial court denied Mr. Carpenter’s

request for a continuance, and he was forced to represent himself on the first day of trial. Two

months later, the trial court held a second day of trial and then divided the couple’s property and

awarded Ms. Carpenter spousal support. Mr. Carpenter has appealed, arguing that the trial court

incorrectly denied his request for a continuance, inequitably divided the marital property, and

incorrectly calculated Ms. Carpenter’s income for purposes of spousal support. This Court

affirms the trial court’s judgment because (1) any error in the trial court’s denial of Mr.

Carpenter’s request for a continuance of trial was harmless; (2) the trial court properly exercised
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its discretion in dividing the marital property; and (3) the trial court properly exercised its

discretion in awarding Ms. Carpenter spousal support.

                                          BACKGROUND

       {¶2}    The Carpenters were married in September 1985 and raised three children to

adulthood. On July 29, 2008, Ms. Carpenter filed for divorce. There is confusion regarding the

trial date. According to the case management schedule, the trial was originally set for July 31,

2009, but was later continued to August 4, 2009. According to the trial court, the case “was

called on August 4, 2009,” but there is no transcript of any proceedings on that day. There is,

however, a “Docket Notation” time-stamped August 18, 2009, which indicates that “[t]his matter

came on for hearing on 8/4/09 before Judge Kovack for . . . [f]inal hearing.” Under the heading

of “Disposition” the notes say: “worked all day – no settlement; [Mr. Carpenter’s] atty w/drew;

[r]eset for trial on Thurs[day].” Under “status of the case,” the document indicates that the case

was set for trial on August 6, 2009.

       {¶3}    On August 5, the trial court entered a written denial of Mr. Carpenter’s motion for

a continuance of trial. On August 6, Mr. Carpenter’s lawyer filed two written motions. In one,

the lawyer requested that she be permitted to withdraw from her representation of Mr. Carpenter.

In the other, she asserted that she had orally moved to withdraw on August 4 and had requested

that Mr. Carpenter be given a continuance of the August 6 trial date in order to allow him

“sufficient time to secure new counsel.” On August 6, the case was called for trial, and a

transcript of that proceeding is in the record.

       {¶4}    On August 6, Mr. Carpenter appeared for trial without a lawyer and told the trial

court that he had tried unsuccessfully since August 4 to find a new lawyer in time for the August

6 trial date. He requested that the trial be continued “so that [his] new attorney has time to
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prepare for a trial” because he “ha[s] no idea or the experience as to how to proceed in this

matter.” The trial court responded by acknowledging that Mr. Carpenter’s lawyer “withdrew

recently,” but noting that “this matter has been pending since July 29, 2007.” The court assured

him that it would “treat this trial in such a manner that without representation you will be able to

put all of your evidence, all of your concerns on the record about each issue.”

       {¶5}    The trial court proceeded to question each party as well as Ms. Carpenter’s lawyer

about issues affecting the grounds for divorce, property division, and spousal support. When the

trial court raised the issue of spousal support, Mr. Carpenter mentioned that he had recently lost

his job. The parties agreed to the trial court’s suggestion to continue the trial to see if Mr.

Carpenter might obtain another job in the construction industry. The trial was continued until

October 19, 2009.

       {¶6}    In September 2009, Mr. Carpenter, acting pro se, moved the trial court to appoint

a receiver to account for the business revenues generated by Ms. Carpenter’s hair salon. He

based his request on his assertion that her business did not report all of its cash income for tax

purposes. In October, the parties appeared again for trial. Although Ms. Carpenter was still

represented by the same lawyer, Mr. Carpenter remained unrepresented for the final day of trial.

At that time, both parties testified about the issues affecting spousal support. No other witnesses

testified. Mr. Carpenter orally requested that the trial court appoint a receiver to determine the

true value of the hair salon business before making property division and spousal support

decisions. On March 17, 2010, the trial court issued a decision granting the parties a divorce,

dividing the remaining property, and ordering Mr. Carpenter to pay spousal support of $250 per

month, plus a 2% processing fee until the death of either party, Ms. Carpenter’s remarriage, or

further order of the court. Mr. Carpenter has appealed that decision.
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                                REQUEST FOR CONTINUANCE

       {¶7}    Mr. Carpenter’s first assignment of error is that the trial court incorrectly refused

to continue the trial to allow him to hire a lawyer. He has argued that the trial court’s judgment

should be reversed and a new trial ordered because he was prejudiced by having to conduct the

trial without the benefit of a lawyer. “Whether to grant a requested continuance is within a trial

court’s discretion.” Carrico v. Carrico, 9th Dist. No. 08CA9394, 2009-Ohio-668, at ¶3 (citing

State v. Unger, 67 Ohio St. 2d 65, 67 (1981)). “A trial court abuses its discretion if its ‘attitude

is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable.’” Id. (quoting Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.

3d 217, 219 (1983)).

       {¶8}    In this case, Mr. Carpenter’s lawyer moved to withdraw from the case at the end

of a full day of failed negotiations. The trial court permitted the withdrawal and rescheduled the

trial for just two days later. The following day, August 5, 2009, the trial court entered a denial of

Mr. Carpenter’s motion for a continuance. On August 6, the trial court called the case for trial

and required Mr. Carpenter to proceed without a lawyer, at least in part because of the court’s

misconception that the matter had been pending for two years. The trial court stated that the

matter had been pending since July 2007, and neither party nor Ms. Carpenter’s lawyer objected.

In fact, the record reflects that Ms. Carpenter initiated the matter via a complaint in July 2008.

On the morning of trial, Mr. Carpenter again asked for a continuance, explained that he was not

prepared to proceed alone, and asserted that he had been unable to find a lawyer willing to take

the case just two days before trial.

       {¶9}    “The court at every stage of the proceeding must disregard any error or defect in

the proceeding which does not affect the substantial rights of the parties.”            Civ. R. 61.

Assuming, without deciding, that the trial court abused its discretion by denying Mr. Carpenter’s
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request for a continuance, he has not shown that he was prejudiced by the error. Although Mr.

Carpenter has argued in his brief that the trial “devolved into a virtual free-for-all, which was

dominated by [Ms. Carpenter’s] counsel,” he has failed to argue how his acting pro se

“irreparably skewed the proceedings.” He has argued generally that he did not know when to

object and that he failed to appreciate that facts were being asserted without admissible proof. In

his second assignment of error, he has argued that the trial court incorrectly valued Ms.

Carpenter’s income from the hair salon, causing it to incorrectly award spousal support and

incorrectly depriving him of his rightful interest in a valuable marital asset.

       {¶10} During the first day of trial, the court questioned both parties regarding five items

of furniture, vehicles, the marital home, some retirement accounts, a bank account, a home

equity line of credit, and some stocks. The parties agreed to a division of each item. The court

then began questioning the parties about personal seat licenses at Brown’s Stadium and the value

of Ms. Carpenter’s one-half interest in the hair salon.         At that point, the parties and Ms.

Carpenter’s lawyer all agreed to table the issue of spousal support and any further discussion of

the value of the hair salon. Everyone agreed to the sixty-day continuance proposed by the court.

       {¶11} When the parties returned in October 2009, Mr. Carpenter remained

unrepresented. He did not object to proceeding pro se and made no attempt to explain why he

had not hired a lawyer during the intervening two months. Neither of his complaints about trial

court error is traceable to the first day of trial. On that first day, the parties reached agreement on

each point the trial court raised. It was not until the October trial date that the parties seriously

discussed, and disagreed on, Ms. Carpenter’s income from the hair salon. By October, Mr.

Carpenter had enjoyed the continuance the trial court had previously denied, but did not return to

court represented by a lawyer and did not complain about an inability to hire a new lawyer
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during the delay. Therefore, any error the trial court may have committed in forcing Mr.

Carpenter to proceed pro se on August 6, 2009, was harmless. See Civ. R. 61. Mr. Carpenter’s

first assignment of error is overruled.

                                    DIVISION OF PROPERTY

       {¶12} The first part of Mr. Carpenter’s second assignment of error is that the trial court

incorrectly denied him an interest in his wife’s hair salon business, creating an inequitable

division of marital property. Under Section 3105.17.1(B) of the Ohio Revised Code, a trial court

“shall divide the marital and separate property equitably between the spouses[.]” The abuse of

discretion standard generally applies in domestic relations cases when there is a challenge to the

trial court’s decision regarding the distribution of marital property. Budd v. Budd, 9th Dist. No.

24485, 2009-Ohio-2674, at ¶8 (citing Booth v. Booth, 44 Ohio St. 3d 142, 144 (1989)). Mr.

Carpenter has argued that an inequitable award resulted from the trial court’s failure to properly

value Ms. Carpenter’s one-half interest in her hair salon, Plaza Hair Design. His argument is

based on three assertions: (1) that he had given Ms. Carpenter the $15,000 she used to buy into

the salon; (2) that Ms. Carpenter testified that the business employed 37 workers; and (3) that she

failed to produce any documentation to support her assertion that the business was insolvent.

       {¶13} Mr. Carpenter has essentially argued that the trial court’s finding is against the

manifest weight of the evidence. Therefore, this Court must apply the civil-manifest-weight-of-

the-evidence standard of review. See State v. Wilson, 113 Ohio St. 3d 382, 2007-Ohio-2202, at

¶24 (“Judgments supported by some competent, credible evidence going to all the essential

elements of the case will not be reversed by a reviewing court as being against the manifest

weight of the evidence.”) (quoting C.E. Morris Co. v. Foley Constr. Co., 54 Ohio St. 2d 279,
                                                 7


syllabus (1978)). But see Huntington Nat’l Bank v. Chappell, 183 Ohio App. 3d 1, 2007-Ohio-

4344, at ¶17-75 (Dickinson, J., concurring in judgment only).

       {¶14} Mr. Carpenter offered undisputed testimony that Ms. Carpenter’s initial $15,000

investment in the salon came from a severance package he received from a previous employer.

There was no dispute, however, that the money was marital property, accrued during the

marriage, and Ms. Carpenter acquired her interest in the salon during the course of the marriage.

The trial court appropriately determined that Ms. Carpenter’s one-half interest in the hair salon

was marital property subject to division.

       {¶15} Ms. Carpenter testified that the salon rents the space it occupies and that its assets

consist of the chairs, shampoo bowls, and mirrors. She estimated the value of those assets to be

approximately $10,000 to $15,000. Ms. Carpenter said that the salon was encumbered with

$55,000 in debt due to a remodeling project, furniture, and supplies. Mr. Carpenter did not offer

any testimony contesting that number or challenging whether the salon had been remodeled. The

trial court determined that “[a]ll of the business debt is in [Ms. Carpenter’s] name.” The trial

court asked Ms. Carpenter’s lawyer for documentation of the corporate debt. According to Mr.

Carpenter’s brief, the trial court never received any documentation. According to the transcript,

however, the trial court received an exhibit marked “Plaintiff’s Exhibit A,” which the trial court

described as “the corporate debts.” The record contains a “Creditor Information Page” that lists

Leslie Carpenter as the “[c]lient.” The exhibit includes information regarding three credit card

accounts, the balances of which total $50,870.

       {¶16} The trial court asked Ms. Carpenter to describe her business for the court.

According to the transcript, on the first day of trial, Ms. Carpenter testified that, “[w]e have 37

employees.” During the second day of trial, in response to a direct question from the court, Ms.
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Carpenter testified that the salon is small, employing just the two owners, two additional stylists,

and one part-time nail technician. Mr. Carpenter did not offer any testimony to refute that

statement or question any apparent inconsistency in her testimony. He did, however, bolster Ms.

Carpenter’s testimony that the business had been declining in recent years by testifying that,

according to the tax returns, the gross revenue of the salon had dipped to $170,000 in 2008 from

$245,000 in 2002.

       {¶17} The trial court determined that the salon’s assets are valued at approximately

$10,000 to $15,000 and it is approximately $50,000 in debt. Thus, it appears that the trial court

relied on the exhibit indicating $50,870 in corporate debt as opposed to Ms. Carpenter’s

testimony that the salon was about $55,000 in debt. The trial court specified that any income

Ms. Carpenter generates through the salon would be considered in the context of spousal support

and not in terms of a property division. The trial court ordered Ms. Carpenter to retain her one-

half interest in the business, but also ordered her to hold Mr. Carpenter harmless from any claims

of the company’s creditors. The trial court stated that it based that decision on the fact that “the

business debt exceeds its assets.”

       {¶18} The trial court’s decision that the business debt exceeds its assets was not against

the manifest weight of the evidence. The trial court based its decision on competent, credible

evidence including at least three years of corporate tax returns, both parties’ testimony, and a list

of corporate debts. Without formally challenging the accuracy of the transcript under Rule 9 of

the Ohio Rules of Appellate Procedure, Ms. Carpenter has argued that the reference to “37

employees” is a transcription error. Given the number of obvious transcription errors in the

August 2009 transcript, it would not be surprising if there was no conflict for the trial court to

resolve in Ms. Carpenter’s testimony on that point. To the extent that Ms. Carpenter may have
                                                  9


offered conflicting testimony about the number of employees at her salon, the trial court was in

the best position to judge her credibility. See Dunn v. Dunn, 2d Dist. No. 05-CA-104, 2006-

Ohio-4649, at ¶27 (quoting State v. Lawson, 2d Dist. No 16288, 1997 WL 476684 at *4 (Aug.

22, 1997)).

       {¶19} There was competent, credible evidence to support the trial court’s determination

that the corporate debts exceeded its assets, making the business appear to be more of a liability

than an asset to be divided between the parties. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in

ordering Ms. Carpenter to retain her one-half interest in the salon while holding Mr. Carpenter

harmless from all claims against it. To the extent that Mr. Carpenter’s second assignment of

error addressed the division of property, it is overruled.

                                       SPOUSAL SUPPORT

       {¶20} The second part of Mr. Carpenter’s second assignment of error is that the trial

court incorrectly ordered spousal support. This Court reviews a trial court’s determination of

spousal support for an abuse of discretion. Hyder v. Hyder, 9th Dist. No. 06CA0014, 2006-

Ohio-5285, at ¶21. Section 3105.18(B) of the Ohio Revised Code provides that the court “may

award reasonable spousal support to either party.” Section 3105.18(C)(1) provides that the court

“shall consider” a number of specific factors in determining the amount and duration of support.

The factors include the parties’ income and relative earning abilities, their ages, their physical,

mental, and emotional conditions, their retirement benefits, their education, their standards of

living, their relative assets and liabilities, the duration of the marriage, tax consequences of a

support award, the contribution of each party to the education, training, or earning ability of the

other, and any other factors “that the court expressly finds to be relevant and equitable.” R.C.

3105(C)(1)(a-n).
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       {¶21} Mr. Carpenter has argued that the trial court’s determination that Ms. Carpenter

was earning approximately $22,000 a year from the salon was “a guesstimate.” He has argued

that the trial court should have granted his request to appoint a receiver to value the business and

identify the actual income being generated because Ms. Carpenter had not been reporting her full

income on her tax returns.

       {¶22} At trial, Ms. Carpenter testified that she earns three paychecks per month of $250

from the hair salon and takes a draw of $180 three times per month. The business also pays the

premium for her health insurance. Based on the evidence presented, the trial court determined

that Ms. Carpenter’s annual income was approximately $22,000. Although the income tax

returns showed a 2007 income for Ms. Carpenter of $13,500, the trial court calculated her

income by considering the effect of shareholder profits, gross receipts, gross profits, “on paper”

income tax deductions, and personal expenses the salon pays on her behalf.

       {¶23} Mr. Carpenter requested that a receiver be appointed because he did not believe

that Ms. Carpenter had reported her full income on the tax returns she had submitted into

evidence. At trial, he told the court that the salon was largely a cash business and “we all know

in that kind of business . . . that you can just take cash out of the cash register, pay your bills, and

it doesn’t g[et] reported.” Mr. Carpenter explained that he was suspicious of the numbers his

wife had presented to the court because “mathematically it doesn’t make sense” and “I know

[Ms. Carpenter] knows that her and her partner take cash out of the business . . . [and] [i]t goes

unreported[.]”   Mr. Carpenter did not offer any more specific allegation or any additional

evidence in support of his argument that Ms. Carpenter was underreporting her income. The trial

court explained to Mr. Carpenter that, based on the evidence, the cost of appointing a receiver

would likely outweigh any potential benefit.
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       {¶24} In considering whether an award of spousal support was appropriate, the trial

court reviewed each of the statutory factors in detail. See R.C. 3105.18(C)(1)(a-n). It ordered

Mr. Carpenter to pay spousal support based on finding that the couple had been married for

twenty-four years, had disparate educational levels and earning capacities, and had an historic

disparity in income. Mr. Carpenter is an experienced construction manager with a college degree

who is accustomed to earning $80,000 annually, while Ms. Carpenter is an experienced

cosmetologist who had mostly worked part-time over the course of the marriage. There was no

evidence that Ms. Carpenter’s earning capacity approached that of her husband. The trial court

determined that Mr. Carpenter anticipated resuming employment in the construction industry as

the economy recovers, and he reported no physical, mental, or emotional conditions likely to

hinder his ability to do so. The trial court noted, however, that, because Mr. Carpenter was

unemployed at the time of trial, “equity dictates the Court base spousal support on his reduced

income from unemployment.” See R.C. 3105.18(C)(1)(n). The trial court retained jurisdiction

of the issue so that the parties may revisit it if necessary as circumstances change.

       {¶25} The trial court’s award of spousal support is not the result of an abuse of

discretion and there is no evidence that the trial court’s calculation of Ms. Carpenter’s income

was “a guesstimate.”     The trial court explained in detail the many issues it considered in

calculating Ms. Carpenter’s annual income level for purposes of spousal support. The trial court

did not abuse its discretion in refusing to appoint a receiver to value the salon based on Mr.

Carpenter’s vague accusation that a cash business is likely to underreport its income. To the

extent that it addressed spousal support, Mr. Carpenter’s second assignment of error is overruled.
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                                         CONCLUSION

       {¶26} Mr. Carpenter’s first assignment of error is overruled.          Assuming, without

deciding, that the trial court’s denial of Mr. Carpenter’s request for a continuance was an abuse

of discretion, it was harmless error. His second assignment of error is overruled because the trial

court did not abuse its discretion in dividing the marital property or in awarding spousal support

to Ms. Carpenter. The judgment of the Medina County Common Pleas Court is affirmed.

                                                                               Judgment affirmed.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Medina, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(E). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellant.


                                                     CLAIR E. DICKINSON
                                                     FOR THE COURT

MOORE, J.
BELFANCE, P. J.
CONCUR
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APPEARANCES:

PAUL W. FLOWERS, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

RICHARD J. STAHL, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.
