[Cite as Strongsville v. N.D., 2016-Ohio-7484.]


                 Court of Appeals of Ohio
                                EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                   COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA


                               JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
                                       No. 103844




                             CITY OF STRONGSVILLE
                                                         PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE

                                                   vs.

                                                  N.D.
                                                         DEFENDANT-APPELLANT




                                    JUDGMENT:
                              REVERSED AND REMANDED


                                        Criminal Appeal from the
                                         Berea Municipal Court
                                         Case No. 15CRB00411

        BEFORE: Keough, P.J., S. Gallagher, J., and Celebrezze, J.

        RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: October 27, 2016

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT

Kimberly Kendall Corral
Baioni Corral, L.L.P.
1497 East 361st Street, Suite 3
Eastlake, Ohio 44095

Carlos K. Johnson
1220 West Sixth Street, Suite 203
Cleveland, Ohio 44113


ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE

George F. Lonjak
City of Strongsville Prosecutor
18688 Royalton Road
Strongsville, Ohio 44136

KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, P.J.:

       {¶1} Defendant-appellant, N.D., appeals his conviction of violating a domestic

violence protection order. For the reasons that follow, we reverse and remand for the

trial court to enter a judgment order vacating N.D.’s conviction.

       {¶2} On February 1, 2015, N.D. was charged in the Berea Municipal Court under

case number 15CRB00146 with two counts of domestic violence in violation of R.C.

2919.25.1 From the record before this court, it appears that N.D. pleaded not guilty to

these charges on February 3, 2015. Subsequently, on February 10, the court issued a

temporary protection order (“TPO”) in that case prohibiting N.D. from having contact

with his wife, K.D., the alleged victim of the domestic violence charges.

       {¶3} Subsequently on March 19, 2015, the city of Strongsville charged N.D. in this

case under case number 15CRB00411 with two counts of violating the domestic violence

protection order in violation of R.C. 2919.27. It was alleged that N.D. violated the

protection order on or about February 23, 2015.

       {¶4} Both cases proceeded to trial.         Following a jury trial in case number

15CRB00146, N.D. was acquitted of both domestic violence charges. Prior to trial in

this case on the TPO violations, N.D. moved to dismiss the complaint, arguing that the

underlying TPO was invalid because neither the victim nor the arresting officer had




         The domestic violence case is not before this court and no record of that case has been
       1


transmitted to this court.

moved for a TPO and the municipal court failed to conduct a hearing pursuant to R.C.

2919.26 before ordering the TPO. The trial court denied N.D.’s motion to dismiss.

       {¶5} Also prior to trial, the city dismissed one count of violating the TPO. The

remaining count was tried before the bench, where the court heard evidence that N.D.

submitted an application seeking employment with wife’s employer. The application

was submitted to human resources, the department that his wife supervised. The court

found N.D. guilty of violating a protection order and ordered him to pay a $100 fine and

court costs.

       {¶6} N.D. now appeals, raising three assignments of error.

                               I. Subject Matter Jurisdiction

       {¶7} In his first assignment of error, N.D. contends that the court erred in finding

that he violated the domestic violence TPO because the municipal court did not have

subject matter jurisdiction to even issue the TPO.

       {¶8} Initially, we note that the TPO was issued in case number 15CRB00146 as a

result of two domestic violence charges filed against N.D.. Whether N.D. challenged the

court’s jurisdiction to issue the TPO in that case is not in the record before this court.

       {¶9} Nevertheless, the Berea Municipal Court was established statutorily by R.C.

1901.01(A). Municipal courts have original jurisdiction “[i]n any action concerning the

issuance and enforcement of temporary protection orders pursuant to R.C. 2919.26.”

R.C. 1901.18(A)(9).

       {¶10} The court issued the domestic violence TPO pursuant to R.C. 2919.26.

Subsection (D)(1) states, in pertinent part,

       [u]pon the filing of a complaint that alleges a violation of section 2909.06,
       2909.07, 2911.12, or 2911.211 of the Revised Code if the alleged victim of
       the violation was a family or household member at the time of the violation,
       a violation of a municipal ordinance that is substantially similar to any of
       those sections if the alleged victim of the violation was a family or
       household member at the time of the violation, any offense of violence if
       the alleged victim of the offense was a family or household member at the
       time of the commission of the offense, * * * the court, upon its own motion,
       may issue a temporary protection order as a pretrial condition of release if it
       finds that the safety and protection of the complainant, alleged victim, or
       other family or household member of the alleged offender may be impaired
       by the continued presence of the alleged offender.

       {¶11} N.D. contends that although the complaint filed in the domestic violence

case involved a family or household member, the complaint did not involve any violations

of the statute enumerated in R.C. 2919.26 to allow the court to issue the TPO. However,

N.D.’s argument is premised on an incomplete reading of the statute.

       {¶12} The statute clearly allows a trial court to issue a TPO in cases where the

complaint alleges “any offense of violence if the alleged victim of the offense was a

family or household member at the time of the commission of the offense.”                R.C.

2919.26(D)(1). The underlying offense, domestic violence, is an offense of violence, see

R.C. 2901.01(A)(9)(a), and the alleged victim was N.D.’s wife, who by definition, is a

family member under R.C. 2919.25(F)(1)(a)(i).

       {¶13} Accordingly, the Berea Municipal Court acted within its subject matter

jurisdiction when it issued the TPO in the domestic violence case. The first assignment

of error is overruled.

                                   II. Due Process Violation

       {¶14} In his second assignment of error, N.D. contends that the TPO was issued in

violation of his statutory and constitutional right to due process. Specifically, N.D.

contends that neither the victim nor the arresting officer ever moved the trial court for a

TPO and, therefore, the court erred in issuing the TPO. N.D. also argues that despite this

procedural deficiency, the court failed to hold the requisite hearing within the statutory

time frame. Again, N.D.’s arguments are premised on a misreading and incomplete

review of R.C. 2919.26.

       {¶15} R.C. 2919.26(D)(1) allows a court, upon its own motion, to “issue a

temporary protection order as a pretrial condition of release if it finds that the safety and

protection of the complainant, alleged victim, or other family or household member of the

alleged offender may be impaired by the continued presence of the alleged offender.”

       {¶16} Again, the record before this court does not reveal whether N.D. challenged

the issuance of the TPO in the domestic violence case. Nevertheless, and although the

record in 15CRB00146 was not transmitted or made a part of this appeal, we can discern

from the record before this court that the TPO was issued by the trial court on February

10, 2015 following a complaint for domestic violence.2 However, we cannot discern


         The record transmitted to this court contains a copy of the TPO, which was included in the
       2


trial court’s pagination as document No. 6. A review of the trial court’s docket reveals that the TPO
was never journalized or docketed as a filing in the case before this court; thus, it will not be
considered to be part of the trial court record. See Dragway 42, L.L.C. v. Kokosing Constr. Co., 9th
Dist. Wayne No. 09CA0008, 2009-Ohio-5630, ¶ 3, fn. 1 (only journalized documents are to be
considered).

from the record on appeal what occurred on February 10 when the TPO was issued

because that record is not before this court.

       {¶17} Therefore, whether the trial court conducted the requisite hearing within the

appropriate time frame after the TPO was issued, or whether N.D. waived his right to a

hearing, is undeterminable from the record before this court. In the absence of the actual

TPO issued, the case file under which the TPO was issued, or a transcript of the February

10 hearing, we presume regularity of the proceedings in case number 15CRB00146,

including that N.D. was afforded due process regarding the TPO.             See Hinton v.

Newburgh Hts., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103412, 2016-Ohio-2727, ¶ 18, citing Knapp v.

Edwards Laboratories, 61 Ohio St.2d 197, 199, 400 N.E.2d 384 (1980) (it is appellant’s

burden to ensure that all necessary parts of the record are before the appellate court, and

when a piece of the record necessary to determine an assignment of error is missing, an

appellate court has no choice but to presume the validity of the proceedings below and

affirm).

       {¶18} Accordingly, N.D.’s second assignment of error is overruled.

                             III. Sufficiency of the Evidence

       {¶19} In his third assignment of error, N.D. contends that his conviction is against

the sufficiency of the evidence. We agree.

       {¶20} A Crim.R. 29 motion challenges the sufficiency of the evidence. The test

for sufficiency requires a determination of whether the prosecution met its burden of

production at trial. State v. Bowden, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 92266, 2009-Ohio-3598, ¶

12. An appellate court’s function when reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to

support a criminal conviction is to examine the evidence admitted at trial to determine

whether such evidence, if believed, would convince the average mind of the defendant’s

guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the

evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have

found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt. State v.

Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997). A sufficiency of the

evidence challenge tests whether the prosecution’s case is legally adequate to satisfy the

requirement that it contain prima facie evidence of all the elements of the charged

offense. State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983).

       {¶21} In this case, N.D. was convicted of violating R.C. 2919.27(A)(1), which

prohibits a person from recklessly violating the terms of any protection order issued or

consent agreement approved pursuant to R.C. 2929.26. A person acts “recklessly” when

“with heedless indifference to the consequences, he perversely disregards a known risk

that his conduct is likely to cause a certain result or is likely to be of a certain nature. A

person is reckless with respect to circumstances when, with heedless indifference to the

consequences, he perversely disregards a known risk that such circumstances are likely to

exist.” R.C. 2901.22(C).

       {¶22} Our review of this assignment of error is hindered because the TPO at

issue is not part of the record. In fact, the trial court noted prior to the start of trial that

the TPO was not included in the case file. See tr. 15-16. Nevertheless, prior to and after

trial, the trial court seemed to take judicial notice of the content of the TPO. This was

improper. A trial court may not generally take judicial notice of prior proceedings in the

court, but may only take judicial notice of prior proceedings in the immediate case. State

v. Lemley, 4th Dist. Gallia No. 04CA4, 2005-Ohio-155, ¶ 11, citing State v. Blaine, 4th

Dist. Highland No. 03CA9, 2004-Ohio-1241. The rationale for this holding is that if a

court takes notice of a prior proceeding, the appellate court cannot review whether the

trial court correctly interpreted the prior case because the record of the prior case is not

before the appellate court. Lemley at id., citing Phillips v. Rayburn, 113 Ohio App.3d

374, 680 N.E.2d 1270 (4th Dist.1996). Because the TPO was issued in the domestic

violence case and was part of that record, the trial court improperly took judicial notice of

a prior proceeding. For the trial court to consider the content of the TPO, it had to be

introduced and admitted as an exhibit or stipulated to by N.D. Our review of the record

reveals that it was neither an exhibit nor a stipulation. Accordingly, any reference to the

content of the TPO by the court was in error.

       {¶23} In order for the city to prove that N.D. violated a temporary protection order

pursuant to R.C. 2919.27, the city had to prove that N.D. violated a term of the protection

order that was in effect at the time of the violation.

       {¶24} In this case, testimony was presented that on February 22, 2015, a 30-page

application of employment containing N.D.’s personal contact information, including

educational background and work history, was submitted electronically from N.D.’s

personal email to HealthSpan, K.D.’s employer for the past 12 years.3 K.D. testified that

she worked in the human resources department, which received employment applications.

       {¶25} R.V. testified that she received the electronic application, and upon noticing

that the application was from her supervisor’s husband, she showed it to K.D. R.V.

testified that she presented the application to K.D. because the company has a policy

related to conflicts of interest. K.D. testified that HealthSpan has an anti-nepotism

policy, which prohibits employing multiple family members with the company. She

further testified that after receiving the application, she contacted the police because she

thought it might be a violation of the protection order. (Tr. 34.)

       {¶26} Sergeant G.M. of the Strongsville Police Department testified that he took

the report from K.D. regarding the alleged violation. He stated that he “confirmed the

temporary protection order was intact at the time of the alleged violation” and he

subsequently issued the complaint against N.D.. (Tr. 40.) On cross-examination, he

explained why he issued the complaint: “I was looking at the generality of the protection

order itself and was there a violation. And that piece of evidence [the application] says

that there was. * * * This case, this Court specifically noted in the temporary protection

order that Mr. D. was not allowed to have any contact with Mrs. D.’s employer.” (Tr.

41-42.)




         Although a copy of the application was introduced and admitted into evidence, the
       3


application was not provided to this court on appeal.

       {¶27} Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the city, sufficient

evidence was presented for the trier for fact to conclude that the application of

employment was submitted by N.D. However, insufficient evidence was presented for

the trier of fact to conclude that this electronic submission was a violation of a term of the

TPO that was in place on February 22, 2015. Although Sergeant G.M. testified about

what the TPO prohibited, this testimony was not offered for the truth of the matter

asserted; rather, it was offered to explain why he issued the complaint against N.D.

Therefore, because it was not offered as substantive evidence, the city could not use this

testimony to prove what term of the TPO was allegedly violated. See State v. McKelton,

Slip Opinion No. 2016-Ohio-5735, ¶ 128, citing State v. Kirk, 6th Dist. Huron No.

H-09-006, 2010-Ohio-2006, ¶ 28 (where hearsay is received for a purpose other than the

truth of its content, then the content is not substantive evidence).        Furthermore, as

previously explained, the court could not take judicial notice of the TPO to determine

whether N.D. violated a term or condition of the TPO.

       {¶28} Because the TPO was not presented as evidence, or stipulated to by the

defense, no substantive evidence or testimony was presented explaining what section of

the TPO N.D. violated when his application was sent to his wife’s employer. Without

the TPO itself, a stipulation, or any substantive testimony explaining what the terms and

conditions of the TPO included, the city presented insufficient evidence to prove that

N.D. violated the TPO in effect on February 22, 2015.            Accordingly, N.D.’s third

assignment of error is sustained.

      {¶29} Judgment reversed and remanded for the trial court to enter an order

vacating N.D.’s conviction.

      It is ordered that appellant recover from appellee costs herein taxed.

      The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

      It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment into

execution.

      A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of

the Rules of Appellate Procedure.




KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, PRESIDING JUDGE

SEAN C. GALLAGHER, J., and
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., J., CONCUR
