     This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Appellate Reports.
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 1        IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO


 2 THOMAS LEON MUSICK,

 3          Plaintiff-Appellant,

 4 v.                                                                            NO. 34,134

 5   SIERRA NEVADA PROPERTY
 6   MANAGEMENT COMPANY, LLC,
 7   ADVANCED TOWER SERVICES, INC.,
 8   and TELEBEEPER OF NEW MEXICO, INC.,

 9          Defendants-Appellees.


10 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF ROOSEVELT COUNTY
11 Donna J. Mowrer, District Judge


12 Garrett Law Firm, P.A.
13 Michael T. Garrett
14 Clovis, NM

15 for Appellant

16   Sutin, Thayer & Browne
17   Benjamin E. Thomas
18   Keith C. Mier
19   Albuquerque, NM
 1 for Appellees Sierra Nevada Property Management Company, LLC and
 2 TeleBEEPER of New Mexico, Inc.



 3 Keleher & McLeod, P.A.
 4 Benjamin F. Feuchter
 5 Albuquerque, NM

 6 for Appellee Advanced Tower Services

 7                            MEMORANDUM OPINION

 8 WECHSLER, Judge.

 9   {1}   Plaintiff Thomas Leon Musick appeals from the district court’s order granting

10 the motions to dismiss of Defendants Sierra Nevada Property Management Company,

11 LLC (SNPM) and Advanced Tower Services, Inc. (ATS) for failure to prosecute and

12 of Defendant TeleBEEPER of New Mexico, Inc. (TeleBEEPER) for failure to state

13 a claim. We affirm as to SNPM and ATS and reverse and remand as to TeleBEEPER.

14 BACKGROUND

15   {2}   Plaintiff filed his complaint for breach of contract and damages against SNPM

16 and ATS on April 25, 2012. Plaintiff alleged that he entered a lease and amended

17 leases with third parties for the construction of a telecommunications tower on his

18 property and that the leases with amendments were assigned to SNPM, which

19 terminated the lease without removing its towers and improvements within the time

20 designated in the lease. Plaintiff further alleged that the towers and improvements

                                             2
 1 were thereby abandoned and became his property and that he suffered damages when

 2 SNPM engaged ATS to trespass and remove the property six years later.

 3   {3}   A summons was issued to ATS on April 25, 2012, and it filed its answer on

 4 May 31, 2012. The district court, on its own motion, on March 25, 2013, dismissed

 5 the case without prejudice for inaction for the previous one hundred eighty days. On

 6 April 8, 2013, Plaintiff filed a motion to reinstate, and the district court entered an

 7 order of reinstatement on April 9, 2013. An alias summons was issued to SNPM on

 8 April 12, 2013. On May 20, 2013, a Marvin Tanner of Reno, Nevada filed a response

 9 to the complaint on behalf of an SNPM, indicating that the company was not the one

10 that had engaged in business in New Mexico as alleged in the complaint.

11   {4}   Plaintiff served interrogatories and a request for production of documents on

12 ATS on May 22, 2013, and ATS served its answers and responses on July 1, 2013.

13 ATS then served interrogatories and requests for production on Plaintiff on July 15,

14 2013, and Plaintiff responded on August 1, 2013. A second alias summons was issued

15 to SNPM on October 10, 2013.

16   {5}   On March 31, 2014, with the concurrence of counsel for ATS, Plaintiff moved

17 for leave to file an amended complaint, which motion was granted and the amended

18 complaint was filed on April 8, 2014. The amended complaint added TeleBEEPER

19 as a defendant. The next day, a third alias summons was issued to SNPM in care of


                                              3
 1 TeleBEEPER. ATS answered the amended complaint on April 14, 2014. On May 27,

 2 2014, both SNPM and TeleBEEPER filed motions to dismiss. SNPM alleged that

 3 Plaintiff had failed to exercise due diligence in serving SNPM with process.

 4 TeleBEEPER asserted that Plaintiff named TeleBEEPER to avoid dismissal based on

 5 his inaction regarding SNPM and that the amended complaint failed to state a claim

 6 against it. ATS joined in the motions to dismiss, claiming that dismissal was also

 7 warranted of the claims against ATS.

 8   {6}   Plaintiff requested a trial setting on June 4, 2014, and, on June 12, 2014, the

 9 district court set trial for December 16, 2014. On June 18, 2014, a fourth alias

10 summons was issued to SNPM, and SNPM was served with process on June 20, 2014.

11 After hearing the motions to dismiss on July 29, 2014, the district court, on August

12 28, 2014, entered its decision and order granting the motions.

13   {7}   The district court dismissed SNPM because Plaintiff did not act with due

14 diligence in serving SNPM with process. A district court may dismiss a complaint if,

15 based on an objective reasonableness standard, the plaintiff fails to exercise due

16 diligence in serving the complaint upon a defendant. Romero v. Bachicha, 2001-

17 NMCA-048, ¶¶ 23-26, 130 N.M. 610, 28 P.3d 1151. The delay need not be

18 intentional. Id. ¶ 23; Graubard v. Balcor Co., 2000-NMCA-032, ¶ 12, 128 N.M. 790,

19 999 P.2d 434.


                                              4
 1   {8}    We review a district court’s dismissal under an abuse of discretion standard.

 2 Graubard, 2000-NMCA-032, ¶ 12. An abuse of discretion occurs if, considering the

 3 circumstances before the district court, the court “exceeds the bounds of reason[.]”

 4 Summit Elec. Supply Co., Inc. v. Rhodes & Salmon, P.C., 2010-NMCA-086, ¶ 6, 148

 5 N.M. 590, 241 P.3d 188 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

 6   {9}    Plaintiff did not serve SNPM until after SNPM filed its motion to dismiss, more

 7 than two years after the complaint was filed. Plaintiff, in that time, had four alias

 8 summonses issued to SNPM. There is some dispute as to whether an original

 9 summons was issued; the record proper does not indicate that it was, and the district

10 court found that the first summons to SNPM was issued almost a year after the

11 complaint was filed. As Plaintiff points out, however, the district court clerk had the

12 responsibility to issue a summons at the time of filing. Rule 1-004(A)(2) NMRA.

13 Assuming that summons was issued, Plaintiff nevertheless did not serve it.

14   {10}   Plaintiff asserts that SNPM was not registered to transact business in New

15 Mexico and that he performed research and retained investigators to search for

16 SNPM’s corporate offices, all to no avail. The district court concluded, however, that

17 Plaintiff did not exercise due diligence in seeking to serve SNPM. The district court

18 found that Plaintiff failed to reasonably pursue three available avenues: the attorneys




                                               5
 1 he knew represented SNPM, the Secretary of State, and the first corporation listed on

 2 his investigator’s list.

 3   {11}   We cannot say that the district court abused its discretion by finding that

 4 Plaintiff failed to exercise due diligence by pursuing these leads. First, as the district

 5 court noted, Plaintiff knew the identity of SNPM’s attorneys on March 30, 2004 as the

 6 result of the contract termination. The district court assumed that Plaintiff could have

 7 served those attorneys. Although the district court may not have been correct in its

 8 assumption, Plaintiff did not inquire of the attorneys if they would accept service on

 9 behalf of SNPM.

10   {12}   Second, as to the Secretary of State, NMSA 1978, Section 38-1-6.1(B)(1993)

11 provides in part:

12                 If no person has been designated by a foreign limited liability
13          company doing business in this state as its statutory agent upon whom
14          service of process can be made, or if upon diligent search neither the
15          agent so designated nor any of the managers of the company can be
16          found in this state, then, upon the filing of an affidavit by the plaintiff to
17          that effect, together with service upon the secretary of state of two copies
18          of the process in the cause, the secretary of state shall accept service of
19          process as the agent of the foreign limited liability company[.]

20 Plaintiff did not seek to pursue this statutory option.

21   {13}   Third, in April 2013, Plaintiff’s investigator developed a list of three companies

22 with the name of SNPM. The correct SNPM was the first on the list, but Plaintiff did

23 not attempt to serve all three of the companies on the list.

                                                  6
 1   {14}   In his briefing on appeal, Plaintiff has not sought to explain his failure to pursue

 2 any of these options. Instead, Plaintiff points to the actions that he did take, in

 3 particular his request for a trial setting, arguing that he acted with due diligence.

 4   {15}   Most of Plaintiff’s arguments, however, do not directly address the service of

 5 process issue. With respect to service of process, Plaintiff contends that his attorney

 6 contacted TeleBEEPER on April 5, 2014 and then learned that the representative of

 7 TeleBEEPER, who Plaintiff knew dealt with ATS, was also the “managing member”

 8 of SNPM. However, Plaintiff does not address the reasons that his learning of this

 9 information on April 5, 2014 justified his failure to serve SNPM at an earlier time, as

10 stated by the district court in its decision and order.

11   {16}   On April 9, 2014, Plaintiff served TeleBEEPER as agent for SNPM, leading to

12 the motions to dismiss by both SNPM and TeleBEEPER. Upon receipt of those

13 motions, Plaintiff filed a request for a trial setting, and the district court set the case

14 for trial eight days after receiving the request. Plaintiff argues that his request for a

15 trial setting indicated his “good faith action to prosecute this case to avoid dismissal.”

16   {17}   As we have intimated, this argument does not directly address the district

17 court’s dismissal for failure to exercise due diligence in serving SNPM with process.

18 Rather, it raises arguments connected to a dismissal based on Rule 1-041(E)(1)

19 NMRA. That rule permits a district court to dismiss a claim with prejudice “if the


                                                 7
 1 party asserting the claim has failed to take any significant action to bring such claim

 2 to trial or other final disposition within two (2) years from the filing” of the claim.

 3   {18}   The district court did consider arguments concerning Plaintiff’s due diligence

 4 under Rule 1-041(E)(1). In its decision and order, it stated that it considered the

 5 factors discussed in Jones v. Montgomery Ward & Co. that our Supreme Court stated

 6 needed to be addressed in connection with a Rule 1-041(E)(1) motion: “1) all written

 7 and oral communications between the court and counsel; 2) actual hearings by the

 8 court on motions; 3) negotiations and other actions between counsel looking toward

 9 the early conclusion of the case; 4) all discovery proceedings; and 5) any other matters

10 which arise and the actions taken by counsel in concluding litigation.” 1985-NMSC-

11 062, ¶ 10, 103 N.M. 45, 702 P.2d 990.

12   {19}   With regard to these factors, Plaintiff contends that, in addition to his request

13 for a trial setting (and the court’s notice of setting), he had filed a motion to amend the

14 complaint to add TeleBEEPER as a defendant with the concurrence of counsel for

15 ATS. We do not believe that these actions indicate that the district court abused its

16 discretion under Jones. Each case must be determined based on its own facts. Martin

17 v. Leonard Motor-El Paso, 1965-NMSC-060, ¶ 7, 75 N.M. 219, 402 P.2d 954. The

18 communications in this case were minimal, and none of the Plaintiff’s actions other

19 than the request for setting involved SNPM.


                                                8
 1   {20}   As to the request for setting, Plaintiff filed the request after receiving the

 2 motions to dismiss. While a request for a trial setting is an indication of an intent to

 3 proceed with the case, it is not determinative of a Rule 1-041(E)(1) motion. See

 4 Cottonwood Enter. v. McAlpin, 1989-NMSC-064, ¶¶ 10-11, 109 N.M. 78, 781 P.2d

 5 1156 (stating that “the filing for a trial date does not per se mandate that the [Rule] 1-

 6 041 motion must be denied” and holding that the policy of expediting the prosecution

 7 of litigation was served by the trial setting because the defendants “sat on their rights”

 8 by waiting to file a second motion to dismiss until after trial had been set); Summit,

 9 2010-NMCA-086, ¶ 13 (noting that “a plaintiff’s filing of a request for a trial setting

10 before a defendant’s filing of a motion to dismiss has been consistently viewed as a

11 good faith action to prosecute a case”).

12   {21}   In Martin, the plaintiff had not brought the case to its final determination within

13 the two-year period required by Rule 1-041(E). Martin, 1965-NMSC-060, ¶ 8. Our

14 Supreme Court, however, placed the burden on the defendant to file a motion to

15 dismiss in order to effectuate the rule, noting that the defendant had not filed a motion

16 to dismiss before the plaintiff had requested a trial setting and pursued discovery. Id.

17 ¶¶ 8-9. According to the Court, “[t]he defendant slumbered while the plaintiff satisfied

18 the requirements of [the rule] and, therefore, his subsequent motion for dismissal came

19 too late.” Id. ¶ 10. Although we take guidance from Martin, the circumstances in this


                                                 9
 1 case are different in that Plaintiff only requested a trial setting after he received

 2 motions to dismiss.

 3   {22}   Additionally, we have also stated that “a court may, in its discretion, consider

 4 as timely, activities occurring between the filing of the motion [to dismiss] and the

 5 hearing on it[,]” including a request for a trial setting. Sewell v. Wilson, 1982-NMCA-

 6 017, ¶ 36, 97 N.M. 523, 641 P.2d 1070. Sewell, however, does not indicate that the

 7 district court abused its discretion in this case. In Sewell, we reversed a Rule 1-

 8 041(E)(1) dismissal because of a combination of several factors, including extensive

 9 activity in the case (over one thousand pages of record) both before and after the

10 motion to dismiss was filed. Sewell, 1982-NMCA-017, ¶¶ 37-38. There was no

11 comparable activity in this case. Based on Martin and Sewell, we do not place

12 significant weight on Plaintiff’s belated request for a trial setting.

13   {23}   The cases concerning dismissal for failure to serve process with due diligence

14 indicate that a time period of more than two years is more than sufficient to

15 demonstrate a lack of due diligence. In Romero, this Court held that a thirteen-month

16 delay in serving the defendant justified dismissal when the plaintiff had originally

17 misnamed the defendant but was aware of the defendant’s name and address. 2001-

18 NMCA-048, ¶¶ 24-25. Although Plaintiff in this case did not know SNPM’s address,

19 as the district court found, Plaintiff’s investigator had that information and,


                                               10
 1 additionally, Plaintiff had the statutory ability to serve the Secretary of State if he did

 2 not have SNPM’s address. In Graubard, we held that an intentional delay was not

 3 necessary to dismiss for failure to serve process with due diligence in circumstances

 4 of a fourteen-month delay. 2000-NMCA-032, ¶¶ 3, 11.

 5   {24}   We do not believe that Glassalum Engineering Corp. v. 392208 Ontario Ltd.,

 6 487 So. 2d 87 (Fla. Dist Ct. App. 1986), cited by Plaintiff, has any bearing on our

 7 analysis. That case was based on a Florida rule that, unlike New Mexico, restricts a

 8 trial court’s discretion to dismiss for failure to prosecute. Id. Moreover, when we view

 9 the policy underlying Rule 1-041(E)(1) of expediting the prosecution of litigation, we

10 cannot conclude that the district court abused its discretion. See Summit, 2010-

11 NMCA-086, ¶ 6 (“Discretion is abused when the court exceeds the bounds of reason,

12 all the circumstances before it being considered.” (internal quotation marks and

13 citation omitted)).

14   {25}   Even if Plaintiff is correct that his service on TeleBEEPER was sufficient to

15 serve SNPM, the case was pending nearly two years at that time. Plaintiff had received

16 the discovery responses from ATS informing Plaintiff of TeleBEEPER’s activity on

17 July 15, 2013 and did not move to amend the complaint until March 31, 2014. See

18 Fidelity Nat’l Bank v. Collier, 1984-NMSC-039, ¶ 4, 101 N.M. 273, 681 P.2d 58

19 (holding that amending a complaint to add new parties without including a different


                                               11
 1 claim does not affect Rule 1-041(E) analysis). Plaintiff requested a trial setting

 2 immediately after receiving motions to dismiss. The district court did not abuse its

 3 discretion by dismissing the claims against SNPM for failure to serve process with due

 4 diligence.

 5 ATS

 6   {26}   ATS joined in the motions to dismiss of SNPM and TeleBEEPER on June 11,

 7 2014, alleging that “the matters discussed” in the other motions also warranted

 8 dismissal of the claims against ATS. The district court dismissed the claims against

 9 ATS with prejudice, stating that “Plaintiff has not established that he has done

10 anything outside of the discovery requests filed one year ago in order to advance his

11 case against ATS.” We review the district court’s ruling under Rule 1-041(E)(1) for

12 abuse of discretion. Summit, 2010-NMCA-086, ¶ 6.

13   {27}   As noted by the district court in its decision and order, the complaint was “filed

14 in April 2012 and dismissed for lack of prosecution in March 2013.” Plaintiff served

15 discovery requests on ATS on May 22, 2013, after reinstatement of the case on April

16 9, 2013. ATS responded to discovery on July 1, 2013. As further noted by the district

17 court, for more than one year thereafter, the only action Plaintiff took was to amend

18 the complaint, an action that “did not necessarily involve ATS.” See Fidelity, 1984-

19 NMSC-039, ¶ 4 (holding that a voluntary amendment of the complaint to add an


                                                12
 1 additional defendant does not restart the period for prosecution of the claim under

 2 Rule 1-041 as to the original defendant).

 3   {28}   The district court also noted in its decision and order that the only action

 4 Plaintiff took for more than one year thereafter was to amend the complaint. However,

 5 although the amended complaint did not involve the allegations against ATS, ATS

 6 concurred in Plaintiff’s motion for leave to file the amended complaint. The two-year

 7 period of Rule 1-041(E)(1) had not run at that time. The district court granted Plaintiff

 8 leave to file the amended complaint. ATS answered the amended complaint.

 9   {29}   In reaching its ruling, the district court considered Plaintiff’s argument that “it

10 was ‘not practical to proceed to trial against one defendant at a time.’ ” We understand

11 that, as a single lawsuit, the claims against all defendants are related. Yet, by delaying

12 service of process of SNPM, Plaintiff affected not only SNPM, but ATS as well. And,

13 as we have discussed, this delay was not justified. The case therefore continued

14 against ATS beyond the two-year limit expressed in Rule 1-041(E)(1).

15   {30}   In finding that Plaintiff did not act with due diligence with regard to ATS, the

16 district court also considered Plaintiff’s request for a trial setting. We note that

17 Plaintiff took this action after SNPM and TeleBEEPER filed motions to dismiss but

18 before ATS joined in the motions. Nonetheless, we do not believe that the district

19 court abused its discretion by dismissing ATS. As we have discussed, this was a single


                                                13
 1 lawsuit. Plaintiff did not request a trial setting until he had received the motions to

 2 dismiss. We do not consider the fact that ATS did not join the motions until after

 3 Plaintiff’s action to be dispositive. See State v. Moreland, 2008-NMSC-031, ¶ 9, 144

 4 N.M. 192, 185 P.3d 363 (“When there exist reasons both supporting and detracting

 5 from a trial court decision, there is no abuse of discretion.” (internal quotation marks

 6 and citation omitted)). The district court did not abuse its discretion.

 7 TELEBEEPER

 8   {31}   Although TeleBEEPER moved to dismiss on both Rule 1-041(E)(1) and Rule

 9 1-012(B)(6) NMRA grounds, the district court dismissed Plaintiff’s complaint as to

10 TeleBEEPER only on the basis of Rule 1-012(B)(6) for failure to state a claim against

11 TeleBEEPER. A motion to dismiss under Rule 1-012(B)(6) tests the legal sufficiency

12 of the complaint. Wallis v. Smith, 2001-NMCA-017, ¶ 6, 130 N.M. 214, 22 P.3d 682.

13 On appeal, “this [c]ourt accepts all facts alleged in the complaint as true and resolves

14 all doubts about the sufficiency of the complaint in favor of the plaintiff’s right to

15 proceed.” Martinez v. Cornejo, 2009-NMCA-011, ¶ 6, 146 N.M. 223, 208 P.3d 443.

16   {32}   The gravamen of Plaintiff’s amended complaint is trespass, a tort. Plaintiff

17 alleged that SNPM, ATS, and TeleBEEPER “wilfully and wantonly trespassed on

18 Plaintiff’s property and wrongfully removed” Plaintiff’s equipment. Plaintiff alleged

19 that SNPM engaged TeleBEEPER to remove the equipment and that TeleBEEPER,


                                              14
 1 in turn, engaged ATS to perform the job. The district court concluded that Plaintiff’s

 2 efforts to assert that TeleBEEPER was a “middleman” between SNPM and ATS do

 3 not state a claim, that Plaintiff did not demonstrate any contractual liability on behalf

 4 of TeleBEEPER, or that TeleBEEPER contracted with ATS to remove the towers.

 5   {33}   We address first the latter two conclusions based on the nature of a Rule 1-

 6 012(B)(6) motion. As we have stated, such a motion does not test the factual

 7 allegations of the complaint; it accepts them as true. Wallis, 2001-NMCA-017, ¶ 6.

 8 Thus, to the extent that the amended complaint alleges that TeleBEEPER was engaged

 9 by SNPM to remove the equipment or that TeleBEEPER engaged ATS to remove the

10 equipment, we must accept those allegations as true for the purposes of the motion.

11 It is therefore not relevant to a Rule 1-012(B)(6) analysis whether Plaintiff was able

12 to demonstrate that TeleBEEPER contracted with any of the other parties. The case

13 was not before the district court as a motion for summary judgment. See Rule 1-

14 012(B) (permitting the court to treat a motion under Rule 1-012(B)(6) as a motion for

15 summary judgment under Rule 1-056 NMRA if “matters outside the pleading are

16 presented to and not excluded by the court”).

17   {34}   We view the essence of the issue concerning TeleBEEPER’s motion to dismiss

18 to be related to the “middleman” issue and being whether the allegations concerning

19 TeleBEEPER’s involvement are sufficient to constitute trespass on the part of


                                              15
 1 TeleBEEPER. The concept of a “middleman” has arisen in New Mexico case law with

 2 respect to real estate transactions and whether a “middleman” is a fiduciary or a real

 3 estate broker. See Watts v. Andrews, 1982-NMSC-080, 98 N.M. 404, 649 P.2d 472

 4 (addressing the issue of the requirement of licensure for involvement in a real estate

 5 sale); Ross v. Carr, 1909-NMSC-004, 15 N.M. 17, 103 P. 307 (addressing whether

 6 the plaintiff acted as a broker in a real estate transaction); Barber’s Super Markets,

 7 Inc. v. Stryker, 1972-NMCA-089, 84 N.M. 181, 500 P.2d 1304 (addressing whether

 8 the defendant had a fiduciary duty to the plaintiff in a real estate transaction). Our

 9 courts have used the definition of a “middleman” “as a person who is employed for

10 the mere purpose of bringing the possible buyer and seller together so that they may

11 negotiate their own contract.” Watts, 1982-NMSC-080, ¶ 7 (internal quotation marks

12 and citation omitted). As stated in the definition, “[t]he agent has only limited

13 authority” with “no power to and does not negotiate the terms on which the principals

14 will deal.” Id. (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

15   {35}   We do not consider this concept as addressed in these cases to apply to

16 TeleBEEPER’s motion to dismiss. Plaintiff’s amended complaint does not raise issues

17 concerning a sales transaction or negotiations between a buyer and a seller nor did he

18 allege that TeleBEEPER acted as a “middleman.” Although he alleged that

19 TeleBEEPER was first engaged by SNPM and then engaged ATS, such allegations


                                             16
 1 were factual assertions underlying Plaintiff’s claim that TeleBEEPER, SNPM, and

 2 ATS trespassed on his property. A person may commit the tort of trespass without

 3 being the one who physically enters the property. See De Palma v. Weinman, 1909-

 4 NMSC-009, ¶ 17, 15 N.M. 68, 103 P. 782 (“The doctrine in relation to trespass is well

 5 settled that there are no accessories. All are principals who are in any wise concerned

 6 in the trespass. The person who commands or approves is equally guilty with the one

 7 who performs the act.” (internal quotation marks and citation omitted)).

 8   {36}   We note that the district court in its decision and order discusses facts

 9 concerning e-mail communications and an unsigned proposal, as well as answers to

10 interrogatories by ATS. Because the court did not treat the motion as a motion for

11 summary judgement and decided it as a motion to dismiss under Rule 1-012(B)(6)

12 without allowing all parties the opportunity to submit material as provided by Rule 1-

13 056, such facts are outside of the purview of our review. See Rule 1-012(B) (stating

14 that the court shall treat a Rule 1-012(B)(6) motion as a motion for summary judgment

15 if matters outside the pleadings are presented and provide all parties reasonable

16 opportunity to provide material pertinent to motion for summary judgment).

17   {37}   Because it did not limit its analysis to the facts alleged in the amended

18 complaint, accepting them as true, and because it applied the concept of a

19 “middleman” to the facts alleged, the district court misapplied Rule 1-012(B)(6) to


                                             17
 1 TeleBEEPER’s motion to dismiss. It therefore abused its discretion in granting

 2 TeleBEEPER dismissal of the claims against it in the amended complaint.

 3 CONCLUSION

 4   {38}   We affirm the district court’s decision and order dismissing with prejudice the

 5 claims against SNPM and ATS. We reverse the district court’s dismissal of

 6 TeleBEEPER and remand for further proceedings.

 7   {39}   IT IS SO ORDERED.


 8                                            ________________________________
 9                                            JAMES J. WECHSLER, Judge


10 I CONCUR:


11 ________________________________
12 MICHAEL E. VIGIL, Chief Judge


13 TIMOTHY L. GARCIA, Judge (dissenting).




14 GARCIA, J., dissenting.

15   {40}   Respectfully, I partially dissent in this case. I agree with the majority that the

16 district court did not abuse its discretion when it dismissed the claims against SNPM

                                                19
 1 for failure to serve process with due diligence. Majority Opinion ¶¶ 2-25. However,

 2 I disagree with the majority’s determination that the district court did not abuse its

 3 discretion when it granted the motion to dismiss ATS under Rule 1-041(E)(1).

 4 Majority Opinion ¶¶ 26-30. Pursuant to the factual and procedural circumstances

 5 presented by the record in this case, the district court effectively ruled that the

 6 underlying lawsuit could now proceed with due diligence when it granted Plaintiff’s

 7 motion to amend the complaint in order to add TeleBEEPER as an additional

 8 defendant on April 8, 2014. ATS’s subsequent June 11, 2014, joinder in the motion

 9 to dismiss under Rule 1-041, just two months after TeleBEEPER was added as a new

10 party to the lawsuit, was premature and prevented Plaintiff from having a reasonable

11 opportunity to proceed to trial with due diligence once all the parties were properly

12 joined. As a result, I would recognize that the district court abused its discretion when

13 it granted ATS’s motion to dismiss under Rule 1-041(E)(1).

14   {41}   The majority identified the appropriate factors to consider regarding Plaintiff’s

15 exercise of due diligence under Rule 1-041(E)(1). Majority Opinion, ¶ 18; see Jones,

16 1985-NMSC-062 ¶ 10. Under the five Jones factors, Plaintiff presented the district

17 court with a strong basis to proceed to trial against ATS and TeleBEEPER. First,

18 Plaintiff became aware of the interrelated ownership and business connections

19 between SNPM and TeleBEEPER on April 5, 2014. Majority Opinion, ¶ 15. This


                                               20
 1 interrelationship established a strong procedural basis to conserve judicial resources

 2 and avoid piecemeal litigation against ATS without also attempting to proceed against

 3 both SNPM and TeleBEEPER in the same unified proceeding. See Ponce v. Butts,

 4 1986-NMCA-042, ¶ 37 , 104 N.M. 280, 720 P.2d 315 (recognizing “our policy to

 5 avoid piecemeal litigation and conserve judicial resources”).

 6   {42}   Second, the district court and the majority have already recognized that Plaintiff

 7 did participate with initial discovery and preliminary pretrial matters against ATS

 8 before the additional defendant was properly added and the case was procedurally

 9 ready to move forward in a unified manner. Majority Opinion, ¶ 4; see Jimenez v.

10 Walgreens Payless, 1987-NMSC-082, ¶ 9, 106 N.M. 256, 741 P.2d 1377 (recognizing

11 that participation in discovery “constitutes sufficient action to avoid dismissal under

12 [Rule 1-041(E)]”).

13   {43}   Third, ATS specifically concurred in Plaintiff’s March 31, 2014, motion to

14 amend the complaint and add TeleBEEPER as an additional new party to the

15 proceedings. Majority Opinion, ¶ 5. Such a concurrence would appear directly

16 contrary and inconsistent with ATS’s position that the lawsuit had failed to proceed

17 with due diligence in April 2014 and should have been dismissed. The inconsistency

18 of these positions should have been carefully scrutinized and addressed by the district

19 court once ATS immediately sought dismissal of Plaintiff’s claims under Rule 1-


                                                21
 1 041(E). See Citizens Bank v. C & H Constr. & Paving Co., 1976-NMCA-063, ¶ 36,

 2 89 N.M. 360, 552 P.2d 796 (recognizing that a party is “not permitted to maintain

 3 inconsistent positions in judicial proceedings” and the doctrine of judicial estoppel can

 4 be applied to stop a party from “ ‘playing fast and loose’ ” with the court (citation

 5 omitted)).

 6   {44}   Finally, once TeleBEEPER was added to the case on April 8, 2014, Plaintiff

 7 immediately requested a trial setting before June 11, 2014, the date ATS later decided

 8 to join TeleBEEPER’s motion to dismiss. Majority Opinion, ¶¶ 5-6; see Martin, 1965-

 9 NMSC-060, ¶¶ 8-10 (recognizing that a defendant’s motion to dismiss came too late

10 when the plaintiff had already pursued discovery and requested a trial setting);

11 Summit, 2010-NMCA-086, ¶ 13 (acknowledging that a plaintiff’s request for a trial

12 setting before a defendant has filed a motion to dismiss “has been consistently viewed

13 as a good faith action to prosecute a case”).

14   {45}   Under the circumstances, Plaintiff has now satisfied the Jones criteria that must

15 be reviewed before his lawsuit is dismissed. 1985-NMSC-062 ¶ 10. We must also be

16 mindful of the strong preference for resolution of disputes on the merits in our state

17 as opposed to dismissals for procedural technicalities. Lowery v. Atterbury, 1992-

18 NMSC-001, ¶ 20, 113 N.M. 71, 823 P.2d 313 (reversing the district court’s dismissal

19 under previous Rule 41(B) as an abuse of discretion when the district court “tilted the


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 1 balance unduly toward the orderly and expeditious disposition of cases to the

 2 detriment of the stated preference to decide cases on the merits”) (internal quotation

 3 marks and citation omitted)); see Newsome v. Farer, 1985-NMSC-096, ¶¶ 27, 29, 103

 4 N.M. 415, 708 P.2d 327 (recognizing that a dismissal under previous Rule 41(B) is

 5 a drastic sanction that should be used sparingly and is specifically reserved for

 6 extreme circumstances).

 7   {46}   The factual and procedural circumstances presented by ATS do not constitute

 8 the level of extreme circumstances necessary to warrant a dismissal under Rule 1-

 9 041(E)(1). Our strong preference for deciding cases on the merits would clearly

10 prevail under these circumstances. ATS participated in discovery with Plaintiff, it

11 concurred in the joinder of TeleBEEPER as an additional defendant, and it belatedly

12 joined the Rule 1-041(E) motion to dismiss only after Plaintiff had requested a trial

13 setting. These circumstances in this case were not extreme and do not justify the

14 drastic sanction of dismissal. See Sewell, 1982-NMCA-017, ¶ 38 (specifying that

15 “[d]iscretion must be used in conformity with the spirit of the law which is but served

16 by giving litigants a chance to be heard when possible”); see also Martin, 1965-

17 NMSC-060, ¶¶ 8-10 (waiting until after a plaintiff has requested a trial setting to seek

18 dismissal under previous Rule 41 is not supported and would constitute an abuse of




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1 discretion). As a result, I would hold that the district court abused its discretion and

2 reverse the dismissal of Plaintiff’s claims against ATS under Rule 1-041(E)(1).


3                                         __________________________________
4                                         TIMOTHY L. GARCIA, Judge




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