     19-2203-cv
     Tayyib Bosque, Corp v. Emily Realty, LLC

                               UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                   FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                            SUMMARY ORDER

     RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT.
     CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS
     PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE
     PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A
     SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY
     MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE
     (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A
     SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT
     REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

 1         At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit,
 2   held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the
 3   City of New York, on the 13th day of May, two thousand twenty.
 4
 5          PRESENT: PIERRE N. LEVAL,
 6                           RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR.,
 7                           JOSEPH F. BIANCO,
 8                                   Circuit Judges.
 9          ------------------------------------------------------------------
10          TAYYIB BOSQUE, CORP, TAYYIB BOSQUE,
11
12                          Plaintiffs-Appellants,
13
14                    v.                                                         No. 19-2203
15
16          EMILY REALTY, LLC, JOSEPH LAFRIEDA,
17
18                           Defendants-Appellees.
19          ------------------------------------------------------------------
20
21
22
 1         FOR PLAINTIFFS-APPELLANTS:                   ROBERT G. LEINO, New York,
 2                                                      NY.
 3
 4         FOR DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES:                    JONATHAN I. EDELSTEIN,
 5                                                      Edelstein & Grossman,
 6                                                      New York, NY.
 7

 8         Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the

 9   Southern District of New York (Edgardo Ramos, Judge).

10         UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED,

11   AND DECREED that the judgment of the District Court is AFFIRMED.

12         Plaintiffs-Appellants Tayyib Bosque, Corp and Tayyib Bosque

13   (collectively, “Bosque”) appeal from a judgment of the District Court (Ramos, J.)

14   granting summary judgment in favor of Emily Realty, LLC and Joseph Lafrieda

15   (collectively, “Lafrieda”) and dismissing Bosque’s claims for breach of contract,

16   breach of implied contract, unjust enrichment, quantum meruit, and fraud, as

17   well as a claim to pierce the corporate veil. We assume the parties’ familiarity

18   with the underlying facts and the record of prior proceedings, to which we refer

19   only as necessary to explain our decision to affirm.




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 1         1. Choice of Law

 2         In granting summary judgment, the District Court concluded that New

 3   Jersey rather than New York law applied and that all of Bosque’s claims fail as a

 4   matter of New Jersey law. Reviewing the District Court’s choice-of-law

 5   determination de novo, see Caruolo v. John Crane, Inc., 226 F.3d 46, 57 (2d Cir.

 6   2000), we conclude, as a threshold matter, that the District Court, sitting in

 7   diversity jurisdiction, was correct to apply the choice-of-law rules of the forum

 8   state—here, New York, see Md. Cas. Co. v. Cont’l Cas. Co., 332 F.3d 145, 151 (2d

 9   Cir. 2003) (citing Klaxon Co. v. Stentor Elect. Mfg. Co., 313 U.S. 487, 497 (1941)).

10   In contract cases, New York courts use a “center of gravity” or “grouping of

11   contacts” analysis to determine which State has the most substantial relationship

12   to the transaction and to the parties. Zurich Ins. Co. v. Shearson Lehman Hutton,

13   Inc., 84 N.Y.2d 309, 317 (1994); Equis Corp. v. Mack-Cali Realty Corp., 775

14   N.Y.S.2d 35, 38 (1st Dep’t 2004) (where the parties’ dispute concerns “contracts

15   referring to the transfer of title to land . . . the heaviest weight in the [] grouping

16   of contacts analysis should be accorded to the location of the property”).

17         With that in mind, we also agree with the District Court that, under New


                                                3
 1   York choice-of-law rules, New Jersey law applies. Among other things, the

 2   properties and business assets in question are located in New Jersey; Bosque’s

 3   initial meeting with Lafrieda took place in New Jersey; Bosque travelled to New

 4   Jersey several times to inspect the properties and to conduct market price

 5   research on similar businesses in the area; and Bosque took at least three

 6   potential investors to view the properties. In addition, New Jersey has an

 7   interest in regulating the sale and purchase of health care and boarding facilities

 8   within its borders.

 9         In urging a contrary conclusion, Bosque relies on Intercontinental Planning

10   v. Daystrom, Inc., 24 N.Y.2d 372 (1969), which applied New York law instead of

11   New Jersey law to resolve a similar fee dispute. But Intercontinental relied on

12   the fact that at that time New Jersey, unlike New York, did not require a written

13   agreement to recover a broker’s fee. Id. at 384–85; see also Matter of Allstate Ins.

14   Co. (Stolarz—N.J. Mfrs. Ins. Co.), 81 N.Y.2d 219, 226 (1993). That reasoning has

15   little if any force today now that New Jersey also requires a written agreement to

16   recover such a fee. N.J. Stat. Ann. § 25:1-16 (1996). We are also unpersuaded by

17   Bosque’s claim that Lafrieda chose Bosque to sell his businesses based on


                                              4
 1   Bosque’s ties to New York, since the record shows that Bosque initiated contact

 2   with Lafrieda, not the other way around.

 3         2. Common Law Claims

 4         With respect to Bosque’s breach of contract claim under New Jersey law, a

 5   broker must be the “efficient producing cause” of the transaction and can only

 6   earn a commission for a transaction that he does not cause if the agreement

 7   explicitly provides for it. See Vanguard Telecomms., Inc. v. S. New England Tel.

 8   Co., 900 F.2d 645, 651 (3d Cir. 1990) (quoting De Benedictis v. Gerechoff, 134 N.J.

 9   Super. 238, 242 (App. Div. 1975)). Bosque argues that Lafrieda’s text message,

10   which stated that the first broker “with signed contracts and deposit check

11   wins,” App’x 396, evidences an agreement that Bosque was entitled to a

12   commission once he introduced Lafrieda to the prospective buyer and his buyer

13   signed the agreement and wired a $250,000 deposit. But even assuming without

14   deciding that text messages can constitute an agreement that satisfies the statute

15   of frauds under New Jersey law, another Bosque text message contradicts his

16   claim that the agreement entitled him to a commission even if Lafrieda’s sale to

17   Bosque’s prospective purchaser did not close. See App’x 404 (“Listen, close the


                                              5
 1   deal you owe me $500k . . . .Don’t close[,] send [the prospective buyer’s] deposit

 2   back[,] you owe me nothing.”). Indeed, the record shows that that there was no

 3   sale in which Bosque had any involvement or in which he was entitled to a

 4   commission.

 5         On appeal, Bosque fails to advance any argument that his other common

 6   law claims survive under New Jersey law. Nor does he argue that piercing the

 7   corporate veil of Emily Realty, LLC is justified under Nevada law, where that

 8   company was incorporated. See Sweeney, Cohn, Stahl & Vaccaro v. Kane, 773

 9   N.Y.S.2d 420, 423 (2d Dep’t 2004). Accordingly, Bosque’s challenges to the

10   District Court’s dismissal of his breach of implied contract, unjust enrichment,

11   quantum meruit, and fraud claims, as well as his claim to pierce the corporate

12   veil, are abandoned. See Morrison v. Johnson, 429 F.3d 48, 52 (2d Cir. 2005).

13         We have considered Bosque’s remaining arguments and conclude that

14   they are without merit. For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the District

15   Court is AFFIRMED.

16                                         FOR THE COURT:
17                                         Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court




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