                              ATTORNEY GENERAL OF TEXAS
                                           GREG       ABBOTT




                                              February 19, 2013



The Honorable Isidro R. Alaniz                     Opinion No. GA-0989
49th Judicial District Attorney
Post Office Box 1343                               Re: Whether a member of a governmental body may
Laredo, Texas 78042                                leave an open meeting to confer privately with
                                                   employees of that governmental body (RQ-1 083-GA)

Dear Mr. Alaniz:

        You ask whether a member of a governmental body may leave an open meeting to confer
privately with employees of that governmental body. 1

        You describe a situation in which a city council member voluntarily leaves a public meeting
of the council to "visit[] privately" with one or more municipal employees. Request Letter at 2.
Your question presumes that a quorum of the council is present both before and after the member
in question has left the meeting, and you state the following:

                 It is unthinkable that a city councilman's ability to individually
                 investigate public matters and individually confer with the city's
                 employees is somehow lost simply because there happens to be a
                 public meeting going on at the same time under the same roof.

!d.

        The Open Meetings Act, chapter 551 of the Government Code, requires that every meeting
of a governmental body be open to the public, with exceptions not relevant here. TEX. Gov'T CODE
ANN.§ 551.002 (West 2012). A "meeting" is defined in either of two ways:

                         (A) a deliberation between a quorum of a governmental
                 body, or between a quorum of a governmental body and another
                 person, during which public business or public policy over which the
                 governmental body has supervision or control is discussed or
                 considered or during which the governmental body takes formal
                 action; or

                         (B)     except as otherwise provided by this subdivision, a
                 gathering:

         1
        Letter from Honorable Isidro R. Alaniz, Dist. Att'y, Webb & Zapata Counties, 49th Judicial District, to
Honorable Greg Abbott, Tex. Att' y Gen. (Sept. 11, 2012), http://texasattorneygeneral.gov/opin ("Request Letter").
The Honorable Isidro R. Alaniz - Page 2                 (GA-0989)



                              (i) that is conducted by the governmental body or for
                  which the governmental body is responsible;

                               (ii) at which a quorum of members of the governmental
                  body is present;

                                  (iii) that has been called by the governmental body; and

                                (iv) at which the members receive information from,
                  give information to, ask questions of, or receive questions from any
                  third person, including an employee of the governmental body, about
                  the public business or public policy over which the governmental
                  body has supervision or control.

/d. § 551.001 (4) (emphasis added). A deliberation is "a verbal exchange during a meeting between
a quorum of a governmental body, or between a quorum of a governmental body and another person,
concerning an issue within the jurisdiction of the governmental body or any public business." !d.
§ 551.001(2).

        Under subsection 551.001 (4 )(A), a deliberation involving a member of a governing body and
a third person does not constitute a "meeting" unless there is a verbal exchange between a quorum
of the governmental body and a third person. Under subsection 551.001(4)(B), a gathering is not
a meeting unless a quorum of members receive information from, give information to, ask questions
of, or receive questions from a third person, including an employee of the governmental body.
Consequently, under either definition of the term "meeting," there must be a deliberation or
exchange between a quorum and the employee. Under the facts you present, an individual council
member is consulting with a city employee. In such case, no "meeting" has taken place. 2

        We emphasize that our answer is limited to the facts you have described. If the consultation
between the council member and the city employee takes place within the hearing of the other
members of the council that are participating in the public meeting, that consultation may itself
constitute a "meeting," particularly under section 551.001(4)(B)(iv), which applies, inter alia, to
deliberations between a quorum of a governmental body and employees of that governmental body. 3




         2
          The situation you present does not implicate the concept of a "walking quorum," which involves an overlapping
series of meetings of groups smaller than a quorum for the purpose of circumventing the requirements of the Open
Meetings Act. See Willmann v. City of San Antonio, 123 S.W.3d 469, 478-79 (Tex. App.-San Antonio 2003, pet.
denied). A single meeting between an individual member of a governmental body and an employee of the governmental
body is not a walking quorum.
         3
          A brief submitted in response to your request disputes the facts as you have presented them, arguing that the
council member in question "never left the meeting and met with [the fire chief] in council chambers with a quorum
present in full view of everyone viewing the meeting." Brief from Hector Farias, Jr., Voices in Democratic Action at
1 (Oct. 12, 2012). This office does not resolve disputed issues of fact. See Tex. Att'y Gen. Op. No. GA-0876 (2011)
at 1.
The Honorable Isidro R. Alaniz - Page 3 (GA-0989)




                                      SUMMARY

                      A private consultation between a member of a governmental
               body and an employee of that governmental body that does not take
               place within the hearing of a quorum of the other members of the
               governmental body does not, under the facts presented, constitute a
               "meeting" within the terms of chapter 551 of the Government Code.

                                            Very truly yours,




DANIEL T. HODGE
First Assistant Attorney General

JAMES D. BLACKLOCK
Deputy Attorney General for Legal Counsel

JASON BOATRIGHT
Chairman, Opinion Committee

Charlotte M. Harper
Assistant Attorney General, Opinion Committee
