                    IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI

                                NO. 2008-CA-02073-SCT

DIALYSIS SOLUTION, LLC

v.

MISSISSIPPI STATE DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH, DR. MARY CURRIER, IN HER
CAPACITY AS THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF
THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH; STATE OF
MISSISSIPPI AND RCG-MONTGOMERY
COUNTY, LLC


DATE OF JUDGMENT:                         12/08/2008
TRIAL JUDGE:                              HON. J. DEWAYNE THOMAS
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:                HINDS COUNTY CHANCERY COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT:                  BRYANT WANDRICK CLARK
                                          ROBERT GEORGE CLARK, III
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES:                  BEA McCROSKY TOLSDORF
                                          BARRY K. COCKRELL
NATURE OF THE CASE:                       CIVIL - STATE BOARDS AND AGENCIES
DISPOSITION:                              REVERSED AND RENDERED - 02/18/2010
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:




       BEFORE GRAVES, P.J., DICKINSON AND CHANDLER, JJ.

       GRAVES, PRESIDING JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:

¶1.    This case requires interpretation of Section 41-7-195 of the Mississippi Health Care

Certificate of Need Law of 1979. This statutory section addresses the validity and duration

of a Certificate of Need (CON), which is a certificate that healthcare providers must obtain

from the Mississippi State Department of Health (MSDH) prior to constructing certain
healthcare facilities or offering designated health services. The two issues before this Court

are: 1) Whether, pursuant to Section 41-7-195, the MSDH has the authority to grant an

extension of a CON after the date of expiration specified in the CON; and 2) whether,

pursuant to Section 41-7-195, the MSDH has the authority to grant multiple extensions of

a CON. The plaintiff – Dialysis Solution, a company desiring to develop a kidney-disease

treatment facility in Montgomery County, Mississippi – argues that the MSDH has never had

the authority to take either of these actions. The defendants – the MSDH, the State Health

Officer (the late Dr. Ed Thompson 1 ), the State of Mississippi, and RCG-Montgomery, LLC

(RCG), the developer of a kidney-disease treatment facility in Montgomery County and

holder of the CON at issue – argue that the MSDH had the authority to take both these

actions. The trial court ruled in favor of the defendants on both issues. Finding that the

MSDH did not have the authority to grant an extension of RCG’s CON after the CON’s

expiration date, and finding this issue dispositive, we reverse and render.

                         FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2.    This case focuses on the validity of a Certificate of Need (CON) that was issued to

defendant RCG-Montgomery County, LLC (RCG), to develop a kidney-disease treatment

facility in Montgomery County. To assist the trial court in making its final judgment on the




       1
         State Health Officer Dr. Ed Thompson passed away during the pendency of this appeal, and
pursuant to Miss. R. App. P. 43(c)(1), Interim State Health Officer Dr. Mary Currier was
automatically substituted in her official capacity. She later was confirmed as permanent State Health
Officer.

                                                 2
issues presented, all parties agreed to stipulate to the facts of the case. Unless otherwise

noted, all of the following facts were taken from the parties’ Joint Stipulation of Facts.

¶3.    The Mississippi Health Care Certificate of Need Law of 1979 (The Health Care CON

Law) (Miss. Code Ann. §§ 41-7-173 through 41-7-209 (Rev. 2009)) designates the

Mississippi State Department of Health (MSDH) as the sole agency to administer and

supervise all state health planning responsibilities. Miss. Code Ann. § 41-7-175 (Rev. 2009).

The purposes of Mississippi’s health planning and regulatory activities are to prevent

unnecessary duplication of health resources, provide cost containment, improve the health

of Mississippi residents, and increase the accessibility, acceptability, continuity, and quality

of health services. Mississippi Department of Health, State Health Plan for Fiscal Year 2005:

Introduction, available at http://msdh.ms.gov/msdhsite/_static/resources/1083.pdf (last

accessed Feb. 11, 2010).

¶4.    The Health Care CON Law authorized the MSDH to develop and implement a

statewide health CON program. Miss. Code Ann. § 41-7-187 (Rev. 2009). A CON must be

obtained from the MSDH before a person may undertake any of the activities described in

Section 41-7-191(1), which include the establishment of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

facilities. Miss. Code Ann. § 41-7-191(1) (Rev. 2009). No final arrangement or commitment

for financing such activity may be obtained by any person unless the MSDH has issued a

CON for such arrangement or commitment. Miss. Code Ann. § 41-7-193(1) (Rev. 2009).

No CON shall be issued unless the project proposed in the application for such CON has

been reviewed for consistency with the specifications and criteria established by the MSDH

                                               3
and substantially complies with the projection of need as reported in the Mississippi State

Health Plan which is in effect at the time the application is submitted to the MSDH. Miss.

Code Ann. § 41-7-193(1).

¶5.     The Mississippi State Board of Health authorized the MSDH to issue CONs for the

construction or expansion of ESRD facilities having a need in several counties, including

Montgomery County. On December 16, 2004, after having reviewed a CON application

from RCG, the MSDH issued a CON to RCG for a six-station ESRD facility in the City of

Winona in Montgomery County.

¶6.     While the CON for the RCG ESRD facility was issued in December 2004, for two

significant reasons, RCG did not commence development and construction of the project

until approximately September 2007.2 First, approximately eight months after the CON was

        2
        The land for the RCG facility was purchased on February 2, 2007, and the closing for the
land was on March 17, 2008. RCG planned a groundbreaking ceremony for November 16, 2007.
RCG submitted documentation of commencement of the project to the MSDH on December 18,
2007.
       In a brief that the defendants submitted to the trial court, they stated:

        . . . RCG has been engaged in developing and constructing the ESRD facility in
        Winona for more than five (5) months [from the date of February 29, 2008 – i.e.,
        since approximately September 2007]. The project is well underway. . . .

Additionally, in defendants’ brief to this Court, they state that, at the time Dialysis Solution sought
injunctive relief (i.e., in October 2007), RCG’s dialysis facility was “already well under construction
. . . .”
         However, in Dialysis Solution’s brief to this Court, it claims that, “at the time this action was
brought [on October 23, 2007], not only, had construction not commenced but the property for the
facility had not been acquired.”
         It is not crucial to determine whether construction of the RCG facility commenced in
September 2007 or a few months later; the relevant point, as discussed later in this opinion, is that
construction of the facility was in its infancy when Dialysis Solution filed its Complaint in October
2007.

                                                    4
issued, Hurricane Katrina devastated the Mississippi Gulf Coast. The hurricane had a

significant impact on ESRD facilities operated by RCG’s parent company, Renal Care

Group, Inc., and also on facilities operated by the company that was involved in negotiations

to acquire RCG’s parent company, Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. (Fresenius). As

a result, those two companies devoted all of their time and resources to recovery efforts on

the Gulf Coast, which were necessary to insure that ESRD patients in that area had access

to dialysis treatment. Second, in 2005, Renal Care Group, Inc. (RCG’s parent company),

negotiated and executed an agreement to be acquired by Fresenius. Renal Care Group, Inc.,

announced the definitive agreement on May 4, 2005, but RCG could not move forward with

the development of the ESRD facility in Montgomery County until federal regulatory

approvals were secured regarding the transaction. More specifically, RCG had to wait until

the Federal Trade Commission could analyze the operations of Renal Care Group, Inc., and

Fresenius in Mississippi to determine whether either or both companies would have to sell

assets and/or facilities to address antitrust concerns. Until this federal review was complete,

there was no way to know whether the RCG Montgomery County dialysis facility project

could be retained and developed. After the necessary federal regulatory approvals were

obtained on July 5, 2006, and following the recovery from Hurricane Katrina, RCG turned

its attention back to the development of the dialysis facility in Montgomery County.




                                              5
¶7.    On December 29, 2006 (about eight or nine months before RCG began construction

on its dialysis facility), MSDH received a CON application for the establishment of a twelve-

station ESRD facility in Montgomery County from Dialysis Solution.3

¶8.    On January 8, 2007 (ten days after the MSDH received a CON application from

Dialysis Solution), RCG filed its first request for a six-month extension of the CON that it

had been issued on December 16, 2004. On January 18, 2007, the State Health Officer

granted the requested six-month extension. In August 2007, RCG requested a second six-

month extension. On August 30, 2007, the State Health Officer granted RCG this second

extension, making it the second official six-month extension granted of four official six-

month extensions the State Health Officer ultimately granted before the project was

completed in August 2008.




       3
        In the defendants’ brief to this Court, they state that, in a staff analysis report that the
MSDH had prepared for review by the State Health Officer, the MSDH had recommended
disapproval of Dialysis Solution’s CON application. The defendants explain in more detail:

       Dialysis Solution failed to submit all necessary information in order to have the
       [CON] application [for its own ESRD facility in Montgomery County] deemed
       complete. As a result, the Dialysis Solution CON application was not deemed
       complete until October 1, 2007, nearly a year after the initial filing.
                In November of 2007, the MSDH issued a staff analysis report on the
       Dialysis Solution CON application. In that report, the MSDH recommended
       disapproval of the Dialysis Solution application. The MSDH staff concluded that
       the Dialysis Solution application was not in compliance with the applicable CON
       criteria and standards, and recommended that the proposal not be approved.

Notably, the MSDH staff analysis report was issued to the State Health Officer in November 2007
– i.e., shortly after Dialysis Solution filed its Complaint against the MSDH.

                                                 6
¶9.    In a letter dated September 27, 2007, Dialysis Solution requested a public hearing for

revocation of RCG’s CON, arguing that, pursuant to Section 41-7-195, the MSDH is

forbidden from extending a CON after the CON has lapsed, and that it is forbidden from

extending a CON for any amount of time exceeding six months (i.e., forbidden from allowing

a CON to be outstanding for more than the initial twelve-month duration of the CON plus

one six-month extension). In the alternative, Dialysis Solution argued, the MSDH should

revoke RCG’s CON for RCG’s failure to commence construction on the facility more than

two-and-a-half years after it had been issued the CON. In a letter dated October 12, 2007,

the MSDH denied Dialysis Solution’s request for a public hearing on the revocation of

RCG’s CON.

¶10.   On October 12, 2007, at Dialysis Solution’s request, the Mississippi Attorney

General’s Office issued an opinion clarifying its understanding of Section 41-7-195 as it

relates to expirations of CONs. The Attorney General’s Office explained that it is its opinion

that, pursuant to Section 41-7-195, after the date of expiration of a CON, the CON is

automatically void by operation of law and does not require any action on the part of the

MSDH to finalize its voided status. The Attorney General’s Office elaborated:

       The statute expressly provides that a CON is valid only for the time period
       stated therein. . . . [O]nce the time period stated in the CON has lapsed, the
       CON is void and no extensions can be granted. At that point, the applicant
       would be required to reapply for a CON. . . . [A]fter the expiration of the time
       period stated in the CON, the Department does not have the authority to grant
       an extension of the CON. Any extensions granted pursuant to Section 41-7-
       195(3) must be granted prior to the expiration.




                                              7
Op. Att’y Gen. 2007-00467 (Miss. Oct. 12, 2007).

¶11.   On October 23, 2007, Dialysis Solution filed a Complaint for Declaratory Judgment

and Injunctive Relief in the Chancery Court for the First Judicial District of Hinds County,

Mississippi. In Dialysis Solution’s Complaint, it argued that, pursuant to Section 41-7-195,

the MSDH is forbidden from granting more than one six-month extension of a CON (i.e., a

CON cannot be valid for more than a total of eighteen months), thus the CON issued to RCG

on December 16, 2004, is invalid by operation of law. On February 20, 2008, Dialysis

Solution filed a Motion for Temporary Restraining Order and/or Preliminary Injunction to

enjoin the MSDH from granting any additional extensions of RCG’s CON, to enjoin the

MSDH from issuing a license to RCG for an ESRD facility in Montgomery County, and to

prohibit RCG from continuing any construction on the ESRD facility in Montgomery County

until the trial court ruled on the matter. On March 3, 2008, Dialysis Solution filed an

Amended Complaint, adding the argument that, pursuant to Section 41-7-195, once the time

period stated in the CON has lapsed, the CON is void, and the MSDH does not have the legal

authority to extend it.

¶12.   On October 26, 2007 – three days after Dialysis Solution filed its initial Complaint

– the MSDH issued an official notice that it had received the October 12, 2007, Attorney

General’s Opinion regarding interpretation of Section 41-7-195 as it relates to CON

extensions. The notice explained that, in response to the Attorney General’s Opinion, the

MSDH was adopting a Temporary Rule, effective October 29, 2007, to develop a clear and




                                             8
consistent process for the review and extension of outstanding CONS. The MSDH stated

that the reasons for the Temporary Rule were as follows:

       The Department of Health finds that Certificates of Need (“CONs”) have been
       issued to serve unmet healthcare needs of the state and that compliance with
       the Attorney Generals’s Opinion of October 12, 2007, may prevent the
       completion of outstanding CONs that were issued to address such needs.
       Changes in the CON Rules regarding extensions of valid CONs are necessary
       to comply with the Attorney General’s Opinion, to modify requirements for
       six-month extensions, to clarify the status of incomplete CONs, and to provide
       transition of incomplete CONs.

¶13.   The Temporary Rule provided that, in order to continue authority for a CON

following the initial twelve-month issuance period, the CON holder is required to document

substantial progress toward completion of the certificated facility and be granted a six-month

extension. The CON holder is required to file a request for a six-month extension at least

thirty days prior to the expiration of the original or any extended period of the CON. The

Temporary Rule further provided that “[i]f a CON holder fails to receive Department

approval for an extension prior to the CON’s expiration date, the CON shall be automatically

void, and shall not require any action on the part of the Department to withdraw, revoke or

rescind the certificate.” However, the Temporary Rule made an exception for those who at

the current time held expired or very-soon-to-expire CONS. It stated:

       For currently approved projects where the original CON has expired, or an
       extension of the CON has expired, or where the CON will expire in 30 days
       from the effective date of this rule, the CON holder has 15 business days from
       the effective date of this rule (or by November 19, 2007) to submit a progress
       report documenting project completion, or submit a request for a six-month
       extension. . . .




                                              9
This Temporary Rule became a Permanent Rule on February 23, 2008. Hereinafter, the

Temporary and Permanent Rule will be referred to as “the new Rules.”

¶14.   On November 16, 2007, pursuant to the new Rules, RCG filed a request for a six-

month extension of its CON, and on December 18, 2007, RCG submitted to the MSDH a

progress report and documentation of commencement of construction of the project. On

January 14, 2008, the MSDH granted RCG’s request for a six-month extension, making this

the third official six-month extension granted to RCG. The MSDH explained that this latest

extension period would terminate on June 16, 2008.

¶15.   On March 27, 2008, the trial court issued an Order denying Dialysis Solution’s

Motion for Temporary Restraining and/or Preliminary Injunction.

¶16.   On May 16, 2008, RCG requested another six-month extension, and was granted this

extension on May 20, 2008, making this the fourth and final six-month extension granted to

RCG.

¶17.   On August 1, 2008, construction of the RCG dialysis facility was completed, and the

City of Winona issued RCG a Certificate of Occupancy for it. On August 25, 2008, the RCG

facility commenced operations with the treatment of a dialysis patient.

¶18.   On December 8, 2008, the trial court issued a Final Judgment in favor of the

defendants, finding “no legal basis to determine that the granting of the CON extension by

MSDH to RCG was arbitrary or capricious or otherwise illegal or improper.” Dialysis

Solution then timely filed its appeal to this Court.




                                              10
¶19.   Because we find the issue of whether the MSDH had the authority to grant an

extension of RCG’s CON after the CON’s expiration date to be dispositive, we decline to

address the issue of whether the MSDH had the authority to grant multiple extensions of

RCG’s CON.

                                       DISCUSSION

¶20.   This appeal requires review of the MSDH’s interpretation of and decision-making

under Mississippi Code Section 41-7-195, the section of the Health Care CON Law that

addresses the validity and duration of CONs. Miss. Code Ann. § 41-7-195 (Rev. 2009). The

relevant portion of Section 41-7-195 states:

       (1) . . . A certificate of need shall be valid for the period of time specified
       therein.
       (2) A certificate of need shall be issued for a period of twelve (12) months, or
       such lesser period as specified by the State Department of Health.
       (3) The State Department of Health may define by regulation, not to exceed six
       (6) months, the time for which a certificate of need may be extended.

Miss. Code Ann. § 41-7-195(1)-(3) (Rev. 2009).

¶21.   The standard of review this Court applies to an administrative agency’s decision is

well established. When reviewing the decision of an agency, this Court is limited as to the

scope and depth of its inquiry. It will reverse the decision of an agency only if the decision

was: 1) not supported by substantial evidence; 2) arbitrary or capricious; 3) beyond the power

of the agency to make; or 4) violated a statutory or constitutional right of the complaining

party. Miss. Methodist Hosp. and Rehab. Ctr. v. Miss. Div. of Medicaid, 2009 WL

3031184, *4 (Miss. Sept. 24, 2009). See also Green v. Cleary Water, Sewer, & Fire Dist.,


                                               11
17 So. 3d 559, 566 (Miss. 2009). There is a rebuttable presumption in favor of the action of

the agency, and the burden of proof is on the party challenging the action. Green, 17 So. 3d

at 566.

¶22.      An agency’s interpretation of a statute governing its operation is a matter of law and

is thus reviewed de novo, but with great deference to the agency’s interpretation. Miss.

Methodist Hosp. and Rehab. Ctr., 2009 WL 3031184, at *5. Deference is afforded the

agency because “the everyday experience of the administrative agency gives it familiarity

with the particularities and nuances of the problems committed to its care which no court can

hope to replicate.” Id. (quoting Gill v. Miss. Dep’t of Wildlife Conservation, 574 So. 2d

586, 593 (Miss. 1990)).        If an agency’s interpretation of a statute is contrary to the

unambiguous language or best reading of a statute, however, this Court will not afford it any

deference. Id. This Court will not uphold an agency’s interpretation if “it is so plainly

erroneous or so inconsistent with either the underlying regulation or statute as to be arbitrary,

capricious, an abuse of discretion or otherwise not in accordance with law.” Id. (quoting

Buelow v. Glidewell, 757 So. 2d 216, 219 (Miss. 2000)).

¶23.      Dialysis Solution argues that the MSDH does not have the authority to grant an

extension of a CON after the date of expiration specified in the CON. Dialysis Solution

contends that, once the stated duration of the CON has lapsed, the CON is void, and the

MSDH must reissue the CON in accordance with CON statutory provisions. Therefore,

Dialysis Solution reasons, since the expiration date of RCG’s CON was December 16, 2005,



                                                12
RCG’s CON became void on that date, and the MSDH did not have the authority to grant any

of the six-month extensions that it granted to RCG after that date.

¶24.   The defendants argue that the MSDH had the authority to grant RCG all of the

extensions it was granted, pursuant to the regulations the MSDH adopted in accordance with

its rule-making authority (i.e., pursuant to “the new Rules”). The defendants refuse to admit

that RCG’s CON expired a year after it was granted, but they fail to offer any explanation

as to how or why the CON did not expire at that time (i.e., on December 16, 2005). The

defendants resort to not directly addressing either this question or the question of how the

MSDH had the authority to extend RCG’s CON long after the CON’s expiration date.

Instead, the defendants repeatedly point to the MSDH’s authority to promulgate rules and

regulations regarding the CON program, the fact that the MSDH promulgated the new Rules

to address the validity, duration, and extensions of CONs, and the fact that RCG has

complied with the new Rules.        The defendants argue that “[t]here is no legal basis

whatsoever for Dialysis Solution’s claim that the MSDH did not have the authority to extend

a CON when it has purportedly ‘expired.’” This contention, the defendants assert, “is based

solely on an Attorney General’s Opinion, which can neither validate nor invalidate a past

action of a State officer or agency, and operates prospectively only.” “The Attorney General

[sic] Opinion itself is not some type of binding, retroactive legal finding and precedent that

invalidates the CON issued to RCG,” the defendants explain. The defendants also argue that,

because its CON has been fully implemented and its dialysis facility is currently serving




                                             13
numerous patients, it would be a grave injustice to these patients, their families, and the

public to impede the operation of the facility.

¶25.   The trial court agreed with the defendants’ arguments and found that the MSDH in

no way had overstepped its authority by granting all the CON extensions to RCG that it did.

¶26.   Specifically, the question before this Court is whether the MSDH exceeded its power

and violated Section 41-7-195(1)-(2) of the Health Care CON Law when, on January 18,

2007, it granted RCG’s January 8, 2007, request for a six-month extension, this request

having been made one year and twenty-three days after the date of expiration specified on

RCG’s CON.4 As noted above, Section 41-7-195(1)-(2) states that “[a] certificate of need

shall be valid for the time period specified therein” and “[a] certificate of need shall be issued

for a period of twelve (12) months, or such other lesser period as specified.” Miss. Code

Ann. § 41-7-195(1)-(2) (Rev. 2009). Also as noted above, this Court will not engage in

statutory interpretation if a statute is plain and unambiguous. Miss. Methodist Hosp. and

Rehab. Ctr., 2009 WL 3031184, at *6. See also BellSouth Telecomms., Inc. v. Miss. Pub.

Serv. Comm’n, 2009 WL 2393808, *4 (Miss. 2009) (“When the language used by the

Legislature is plain and unambiguous and the statute conveys a clear and definite meaning,

as here, the Court will have no occasion to resort to the rules of statutory interpretation.”);

Marx v. Broom, 632 So. 2d 1315, 1318 (“Courts have a duty to give statutes a practical



       4
         While it is not necessary to analyze more than one instance of the MSDH granting RCG
an extension after RCG’s CON had expired, it should be noted that RCG’s request for a second six-
month extension was made after the first six-month extension had expired.

                                               14
application consistent with their wording, unless such application is inconsistent with the

obvious intent of the legislature.”).

¶27.   Section 41-7-195(1)-(2) is plain and unambiguous in stating that a CON “shall be

valid for the period of time specified therein,” and that such period shall not exceed twelve

months. Miss. Code Ann. § 41-7-195(1)-(2). The statutory section makes clear that, unless

the CON holder requests an extension of the CON before the time period stated in the CON

lapses, the CON will expire and become void at the end of that specified period. Miss. Code

Ann. § 41-7-195(1)-(3) (Rev. 2009).

¶28.   In the instant case, the MSDH issued RCG a CON on December 16, 2004, set to

expire twelve months later on December 16, 2005. Not until January 8, 2007 – one year and

twenty-three days after the expiration date of RCG’s CON – did RCG apply for an extension

of this CON. By January 2007, RCG’s CON clearly had expired, and the MSDH did not

have the authority to contravene Section 41-7-195 and revive RCG’s expired CON by

issuing RCG a six-month CON extension. It is plain error to interpret Section 41-7-195 to

mean that the MSDH has the discretion to take such an action, and the MSDH’s adoption of

such an interpretation is an abuse of discretion. After the stated expiration of a CON, the

MSDH must reopen the CON application and review process as provided by statute and

regulation.

¶29.   Moreover, at the time that Dialysis Solution filed its Complaint (i.e., on October 23,

2007), the MSDH’s own Certificate of Need Review Manual, which sets forth the rules and

regulations governing CONs, stated:

                                             15
       102       Six-Month Extension

                 102.01         Certificates of Need are valid for a period not to exceed
                                one year and may be extended by the Department for an
                                additional period not to exceed six months.

Mississippi State Department of Health, Certificate of Need Review Manual, Chapter 6 -

Subsequent Reviews, Effective: September 8, 2007. This rule, reiterating Section 41-7-195,

supports the contention that a CON becomes void on the expiration date stated in the CON

(unless an extension of the CON is timely requested).

¶30.   Section 41-7-185(c) of the Health Care CON Law authorizes the MSDH to

“promulgate such reasonable rules and regulations as may be necessary to the

implementation of the purposes of § 41-7-171, et seq. [i.e., the Health Care CON Law].”

Miss. Code Ann. § 41-7-185(c) (Rev. 2009). In addition, Section 41-7-187 authorizes the

MSDH to adopt rules and regulations regarding the issuance of CONs. Miss. Code Ann. §

41-7-187 (Rev. 2009).5 However, Section 41-7-195 makes clear that the Legislature did not


       5
           Section 41-7-187 states in full:

       The State Department of Health is hereby authorized to develop and implement a
       statewide health certificate of need program. The State Department of Health is
       authorized and empowered to adopt by rule and regulation:
       (a) Criteria, standards and plans to be used in evaluating applications for certificates
       of need;
       (b) Effective standards to determine when a person, facility or organization must
       apply for a certificate of need;
       (c) Standards to determine when a change of ownership has occurred or will occur;
       and
       (d) Review procedures for conducting reviews of applications for certificates of
       need.

Miss. Code Ann. § 41-7-187 (Rev. 2009).

                                                 16
intend for the MSDH’s rule-making authority to extend to promulgation of rules regarding

how long a CON can be outstanding. The existence of Section 41-7-195 indicates that the

Legislature wanted to control through statute the time period for which a CON could be

outstanding. Presumably, the Legislature would not have enacted Section 41-7-195 if it had

intended CONs to remain valid indefinitely or until the MSDH chose to revoke them.

¶31.   Nowhere in the statute does the Legislature grant the MSDH the authority to

promulgate a rule to revive and extend an expired CON, and “a statutory agency has only

legislation [sic] granted authority, there is not inherent authority.” Miss. Pub. Serv. Comm’n

v. Miss. Power & Light Co., 593 So. 2d 997, 999 (Miss. 1991). An agency cannot grant

itself broader authority than the Legislature gave it. See id. (“ . . . [T]his Court has repeatedly

stated that powers legislatively granted to and exercised by an administrative agency are

limited to and must not exceed the authority prescribed by the legislative enactment.”).

Rules and regulations must be consistent with the relevant statutes. See id. (“Statutory

provisions control with respect to the rules and regulations promulgated by [an administrative

agency]. Accordingly, [an administrative agency] may not make rules and regulations which

conflict with, or are contrary to, the provisions of a statute, particularly the statute it is

administering or which created it.”). Therefore, the MSDH did not have the authority to

grant RCG an extension of its CON after the CON had expired (nor the authority to

promulgate a rule (in October 2007) stating that holders of expired CONS have the right to

request an extension of their CONs within the first fifteen days following the adoption of the

new Rules).

                                                17
¶32.   For several reasons, it is illogical to argue that the MSDH’s new Rules – i.e., the

Temporary Rule RCG adopted on October 29, 2007, which became a Permanent Rule on

February 23, 2008 – in some way corrected or sanctioned the MSDH’s prior unlawful

decisions to grant RCG extensions on an expired CON. First, an agency’s promulgation of

rules that (aside from one provision dealing with expired CONS) are consistent with a

governing statute does not mean that, prior to the adoption of such rules, the agency did not

have an obligation to limit its authority to that granted to it by the governing statute. In other

words, while it is fully within the MSDH’s authority to promulgate rules regarding CON

extensions consistent with Section 41-7-195, the fact that it did so (in October 2007) does not

mean that prior to promulgation of such rules, Section 41-7-195 was unclear or not

authoritative. Nor does it negate the fact that RCG failed to request an extension of its CON

prior to its CON’s December 16, 2005, expiration date.

¶33.   Second, as noted above, the provision included in the new MSDH Rules granting

holders of expired CONS the right to request an extension of their CONs within the first

fifteen days following the adoption of the new Rules was not within the MSDH’s authority

to promulgate.

¶34.   Third, and perhaps most importantly, the MSDH did not propose its Temporary Rule

until October 26, 2007, three days after Dialysis Solution had filed its Complaint in this

matter and served the MSDH with process. The Temporary Rule did not become effective

until October 29, 2007, and it did not become a Permanent Rule until February 24, 2008.

Thus, the argument made by the defendants and adopted by the trial court that these Rules

                                               18
somehow remedied any of the actions for which Dialysis Solution was suing the defendants

is flawed, because these new Rules were not proposed until after the lawsuit had begun.

¶35.   In addition, the fact that the new Rules – aside from the one provision making an

exception for holders of currently expired CONs – adopt Dialysis Solution’s and the

Attorney General’s interpretation of Section 41-7-195 is evidence that the MSDH does not,

and knows it does not, have the authority to revive and extend expired CONs.

¶36.   The Attorney General’s Opinion of October 12, 2007, supports Dialysis Solution’s

argument that the MSDH has at all times lacked the authority to revive and extend an expired

CON. While Attorney General’s Opinions are not binding, this Court certainly may consider

them. Tupelo Redevelopment Agency v. Gray Corp., Inc., 972 So. 2d 495, 509 (Miss.

2007). It is the stated opinion of the Attorney General’s Office that, after the CON’s stated

date of expiration, the CON is automatically void by operation of law, and no action on the

part of the MSDH is needed to finalize the CON’s voided status. Op. Att’y Gen. 2007-00467

(Miss. Oct. 12, 2007). The Attorney General’s Office elaborates:

       The statute expressly provides that a CON is valid only for the time period
       stated therein. . . . [and] [o]nce the time period stated in the CON has lapsed,
       the CON is void and no extensions can be granted. At that point, the applicant
       would be required to reapply for a CON.

Op. Att’y Gen. 2007-00467 (Miss. Oct. 12, 2007).

¶37.   Lastly, the fact that RCG’s CON has been fully implemented and its dialysis facility

is currently licensed and serving public health needs is irrelevant to the legal issues this Court

must decide. Construction of RCG’s dialysis facility was still in its infancy when Dialysis


                                               19
Solution filed suit against it challenging the validity of its CON, and RCG’s decision to

continue to construct the facility after the lawsuit was filed should not affect the merits of

Dialysis Solution’s claims.       In City of Durant v. Humphreys County Memorial

Hospital/Extended Care Facility – a case in which the City of Durant challenged the

Mississippi Health Care Commission’s 6 issuance of a CON to a hospital for the construction

of a nursing home – this Court held:

       . . . where an appellant’s original action was timely and where he has promptly
       prosecuted his appeal, the completion of an act based upon improper authority
       does not legitimate the act or render the legal issues moot. . . . Here, plaintiffs
       sued within a reasonable time of learning of the outstanding CON and while
       HCMH/ECF’s [i.e., the defendant’s] construction was in its infancy. . . . That
       the evidence of HCMH/ECF’s authority may have metamorphosed from CON
       to license hardly renders moot the core controversy.

City of Durant v. Humphreys County Mem’l Hosp./Extended Care Facility, 587 So. 2d

244, 249-50 (Miss. 1991) (citations omitted). While the defendants in the instant case are

not arguing that the issues Dialysis Solution raises are moot because RCG’s dialysis facility

is now operational, the defendants do suggest that this Court should consider the harm that

would result to ESRD patients if the operation of RCG’s dialysis facility were impeded.

¶38.   Like the plaintiff in City of Durant, Dialysis Solution filed a timely complaint, doing

so while construction of RCG’s dialysis facility was still in its infancy, and subsequently

timely appealed to this Court. As explained above, in a letter dated September 27, 2007,


       6
         The Mississippi Health Care Commission (MHCC) was once an administrative agency of
the State of Mississippi. Prior to July 1, 1986, MHCC administered the CON program. City of
Durant v. Humphreys County Mem’l Hosp./Extended Care Facility, 587 So. 2d 244, 246 (Miss.
1991).

                                               20
Dialysis Solution requested a public hearing for revocation of RCG’s CON, arguing that

pursuant to Section 41-7-195, the MSDH is forbidden from extending a CON after the CON

has lapsed (and forbidden from extending a CON for any amount of time exceeding six

months). In a letter dated October 12, 2007, the MSDH denied Dialysis Solution’s request

for a public hearing on the revocation of RCG’s CON. Therefore, on October 23, 2007 – a

reasonable time after the MSDH had denied its request for a public hearing – Dialysis

Solution filed a Complaint for Declaratory Judgment and Injunctive Relief in the Chancery

Court for the First Judicial District of Hinds County, Mississippi. In addition, on February

20, 2008, Dialysis Solution filed a Motion for Temporary Restraining Order and/or

Preliminary Injunction, requesting that the trial court enjoin RCG from continuing any

construction of its dialysis facility until after the trial court ruled on the matter. At the time

the Complaint was filed, construction of RCG’s facility was still in its infancy; construction

had begun only the previous month (or perhaps even later – this is a disputed fact), and it was

not completed until nearly a year later. In sum, because Dialysis Solution’s original action

was timely filed and it promptly prosecuted its appeal, RCG’s completion of its dialysis

facility following the commencement of the lawsuit does not legitimate the act of building

a facility while not possessing a valid CON.7

       7
         The defendants also argue that Dialysis Solution should be faulted for not contesting the
new Rules adopted by the MSDH regarding CON extensions “despite [having] the right to do so
under the Mississippi Administrative Procedures Law, as well as pursuant to the administrative rule-
making process followed by the MSDH in enacting the CON regulations.” Whether or not Dialysis
Solution contested the new Rules is irrelevant, because as noted earlier, the new Rules were
promulgated after Dialysis Solution filed suit and served the MSDH with process. In its brief to this
Court, Dialysis Solution explains that it “has no issue with the MSDH’s adoption of the temporary

                                                 21
¶39.   For the foregoing reasons, we find that a CON is valid only for the time period stated

therein, and the MSDH does not have the legal authority to revive and extend a CON when

a CON holder has failed to request an extension prior to the expiration date of its CON.

Therefore, RCG’s CON for the ESRD facility in Montgomery County was void as of

December 16, 2005, its stated expiration date, and the MSDH did not have the authority to

revive and extend it after that date.

                                         CONCLUSION

¶40.   Accordingly, we reverse the trial court’s holding that the MSDH had the authority to

grant RCG an extension of its CON in January 2007, more than one year after RCG’s CON

had expired. RCG’s CON is void by operation of law. If the MSDH still wants to issue a

CON for an ESRD facility in Montgomery County, it will have to reopen the CON

application and review process as provided by statute and regulation.

¶41.   REVERSED AND RENDERED.

    WALLER, C.J., CARLSON, P.J., DICKINSON, RANDOLPH, LAMAR,
KITCHENS, CHANDLER AND PIERCE, JJ., CONCUR.




and permanent rule changes concerning the validity, duration and extension of CONs” because
“[both] the temporary and permanent rules adopted by MSDH did not take effect until after the
Plaintiff filed suit. . . ” and “subsequent actions on the part of the MSDH do not change the facts and
law as they were on October 23, 2007 when the lawsuit was filed.”

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