                                Fourth Court of Appeals
                                       San Antonio, Texas
                                  MEMORANDUM OPINION
                                          No. 04-15-00314-CV

                           IN THE INTEREST OF A.R.M., et al., Children
                                         Appellant

                      From the 57th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas
                                   Trial Court No. 2013-PA-02201
                         Honorable Charles E. Montemayor, Judge Presiding

Opinion by:       Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice

Sitting:          Karen Angelini, Justice
                  Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice
                  Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice

Delivered and Filed: November 4, 2015

AFFIRMED

           D.M. appeals the trial court’s order terminating her parental rights to her children, A.R.M.,

N.A.M., and K.A.M. In her only issue, D.M. asserts the evidence was neither legally nor factually

sufficient for the trial court to find by clear and convincing evidence that terminating her parental

rights was in her children’s best interests. We conclude the evidence is both legally and factually

sufficient, and we affirm the trial court’s order.

                              FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

           On September 11, 2013, the Department of Family and Protective Services petitioned to

remove D.M.’s children from her for allegations of neglectful supervision. The trial court granted

the petition and appointed the Department as temporary sole managing conservator of the children.

After several permanency hearings and a bench trial on the merits, on April 29, 2015, the trial
                                                                                      04-15-00314-CV


court terminated D.M.’s parental rights to her four children based on subparagraphs (D), (E), (O),

and (P) of Family Code section 161.001(1), see TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1) (West 2014),

and because it was in the children’s best interests, see id. § 161.001(2).

       D.M. does not challenge the trial court’s findings concerning the statutory grounds for

involuntary termination of her parental rights. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1); see also

In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 261 (Tex. 2002). Instead, she argues the trial court erred because the

evidence was neither legally nor factually sufficient for it to find by clear and convincing evidence

that terminating her parental rights was in her children’s best interests. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.

§ 161.001(2); accord In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 261.

                                 SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE

A.     Standard of Review

       “Involuntary termination of parental rights involves fundamental constitutional rights and

divests the parent and child of all legal rights, privileges, duties, and powers normally existing

between them.” In re L.J.N., 329 S.W.3d 667, 671 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2010, no pet.)

(citing Holick v. Smith, 685 S.W.2d 18, 20 (Tex. 1985)). As a result, appellate courts must strictly

scrutinize involuntary termination proceedings in favor of the parent. Id. (citing In re D.S.P., 210

S.W.3d 776, 778 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2006, no pet.)).

       An order terminating parental rights must be supported by clear and convincing evidence

that (1) the parent has committed one of the grounds for involuntary termination as listed in section

161.001(1) of the Family Code, and (2) terminating the parent’s rights is in the best interest of the

child. Id. § 161.001; In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 261. “There is a strong presumption that the best

interest of a child is served by keeping the child with its natural parent, and the burden is on the

[Department] to rebut that presumption.” In re D.R.A., 374 S.W.3d 528, 533 (Tex. App.—Houston

[14th Dist.] 2012, no pet.). The same evidence of acts or omissions used to establish grounds for
                                                 -2-
                                                                                      04-15-00314-CV


termination under section 161.001(1) may be probative in determining the best interest of the child.

Id.

       When a clear and convincing evidence standard applies, a legal sufficiency review requires

a court to “look at all the evidence in the light most favorable to the finding to determine whether

a reasonable trier of fact could have formed a firm belief or conviction that its finding was true.”

In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 266; accord In re J.L., 163 S.W.3d 79, 85 (Tex. 2005). If the court

“determines [a] reasonable factfinder could form a firm belief or conviction that the matter that

must be proven is true,” the evidence is legally sufficient. See In re J.L., 163 S.W.3d at 85; In re

J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 266.

       Under a clear and convincing standard, evidence is factually sufficient if “a factfinder could

reasonably form a firm belief or conviction about the truth of the State’s allegations.” In re C.H.,

89 S.W.3d 17, 25 (Tex. 2002); accord In re K.R.M., 147 S.W.3d 628, 630 (Tex. App.—San

Antonio 2004, no pet.). We must consider “whether disputed evidence is such that a reasonable

factfinder could not have resolved that disputed evidence in favor of its finding.” In re J.F.C., 96

S.W.3d at 266; accord In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 25.

B.     Best Interests of the Children

       A trial court may terminate a parent’s rights to a child if it finds, inter alia, such

“termination is in the best interest of the child.” TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(2); accord In

re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 261.

       1.      Evidence Regarding the Children’s Best Interests

       Applying the applicable standards of review for sufficiency of the evidence, we examine

all the evidence, see In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 266; see also City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d

802, 807 (Tex. 2005) (crediting or disregarding evidence), and recite below the evidence that

especially pertains to the Holley factors, see Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371–72 (Tex.
                                                -3-
                                                                                   04-15-00314-CV


1976). During two days of testimony, the trial court heard from five witnesses and arguments of

various counsel for the Department, D.M., and the children’s ad litem.

       1.      D.M.

       D.M. testified her three children, ages seven, eight and ten, have been in the Department’s

custody since September of 2013. The children were previously removed in 2006 and placed with

her mother-in-law. D.M. acknowledged additional investigations in 2009 and 2010. The children

were currently placed with D.M.’s father based on evidence of family violence occurring in D.M.’s

home. D.M. testified the Department asked her to participate in family violence and parenting

classes, complete a mental health evaluation and a drug assessment, attend therapy, and to subject

herself to random drug testing.

       D.M. acknowledged a history of drug use, specifically synthetic marijuana, with her

husband and that she was currently on probation for possession of heroin. D.M., however, testified

she had not used synthetic marijuana since February 20, 2014.            When questioned, D.M.

acknowledged testing positive for opiates, but explained the positive test was the result of pain

medications following a car accident. The State also offered pictures of D.M.’s Facebook postings

on June 3, 2014, which described Xanax pills being sold for $3.00 and a March 17, 2014 posting,

with a picture of Kristalose baby formula with a comment reading:

       The real shit. Well, that’s what I’m good at trapping shit but I “F” with them old
       schools Lactose with methadone for the babies born hooked to help the kick but for
       me I make money and shut trap down.

       With regard to mental evaluation and counseling, D.M. explained she did not like to take

the medication prescribed for her bipolar condition because of the way it made her feel. She also

testified her contact with her caseworker was very limited because “she’s really busy at times.”

When pushed, D.M. acknowledged it had taken her eighteen months to set up a mental health

appointment.
                                               -4-
                                                                                    04-15-00314-CV


       Similarly, when asked about visitations with her children, D.M. testified there were several

time periods when her caseworker did not arrange for appointments and so she was unable to see

her children.

       Off and on I would see them for maybe a month or two and then stop seeing them
       for another few months again and then see them again for another few months off
       and on like that back and forth.

D.M. also testified that her caseworker continues to contact her probation officer and “say things

that are not true about me.”

       2.       Melinda L. Sosa, Bexar County Probation Officer

       Melinda Sosa with the Bexar County Adult Probation Department testified that D.M. was

placed on her Mentally Impaired Caseload after her December 9, 2013 conviction. Sosa explained

that she had been trying to assist D.M. with scheduling mental health appointments since

November of 2014.

       As to D.M.’s probation, Sosa testified D.M. had only completed 1.4 hours out of the

required 200 hours of community service and D.M. had not provided any proof that she had

attended either NA or AA meetings. D.M. was also discharged for nonattendance in her mental

health outpatient treatment program. In direct contradiction to D.M.’s assertions that she was

unable to obtain counseling appointments, Sosa testified that she herself scheduled D.M.’s initial

psychological screening and that D.M. called and rescheduled three times.

       3.       Deanna Melendez, a Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor

       Deanna Melendez, a licensed chemical dependency counselor, testified she completed

D.M.’s assessment for substance abuse disorders.         D.M. was diagnosed with a cannabis

dependency. Melendez, however, testified she felt that although D.M. was forthcoming about her

dependency issues, she was evasive with regard to her criminal history and her relationship with



                                               -5-
                                                                                      04-15-00314-CV


her husband. Melendez also confirmed D.M. did not successfully complete the Palmer Drug

Abuse Program.

       4.       Lenora Cisneros Salazar, the Department Caseworker

       Lenora Salazar, D.M.’s caseworker, testified D.M.’s first referral was in 2006 for

neglectful supervision, neglect, and physical abuse of the children. The most recent removal was

for neglectful supervision stemming from “extreme fighting between the parents” when the

children were present and drug use by the parents. A service plan was completed in November of

2013. Salazar testified D.M. was provided referrals to professionals to help make changes to her

lifestyle and her parenting, and to assist in stabilizing her psychiatric medications. Salazar had to

make several referrals for each of the providers because of D.M.’s failure to engage and “be

forthcoming.”

       When questioned about the children, Salazar explained the children were originally doing

very well in placement. However, when D.M. would visit and tell them they were going home,

and show them pictures of their rooms, the children would expect to be going home. When they

were not, or she did not have visitation or keep her promises, the children’s behavior would

decline. At one point during a visitation, D.M. was “reacting very angrily towards” Salazar

necessitating involvement of police officers. Salazar described the children as “continu[ing] to do

what they were doing, maybe trying to shut it out.”

       Salazar was also asked her opinion on whether D.M.’s parental rights should be terminated.

She indicated that she believed termination was warranted based on D.M.’s instability and her

behavior in front of her children. D.M. said inappropriate things to her children and expected them

to keep secrets resulting in a very heavy burden, especially for the older children. D.M.’s oldest

child, A.R.M., verbalized his desire not to return to D.M.’s custody because he was tired of

continually moving.
                                                -6-
                                                                                       04-15-00314-CV


        5.      Carrie Schindler-Schuetz, Licensed Professional Counselor

        Carrie Schindler-Schuetz was the last witness. Schindler-Schuetz testified that she had met

with D.M. approximately twenty-five times, but she had never met the children or been to their

home. Schindler-Schuetz explained D.M’s bipolar diagnosis often made it difficult to remember

dates and times of appointments. She further opined that D.M. would often overact to a situation

because of her diagnosis. Schindler-Schuetz felt D.M. was working diligently toward unification

with her children and that, in her opinion, and from D.M.’s perspective, termination was not in the

children’s best interests.

        On cross-examination, Schindler-Schuetz acknowledged she was unaware police were

called on three separate occasions during 2014 for arguments between D.M. and her boyfriend,

including an incident when D.M. threatened to burn down his house. Schindler-Schuetz also

agreed that D.M. was the “type of person that needs somebody to hold her hand and organize her

life and reschedule things,” but Schindler-Schuetz opined that many of these symptoms were

attributable to the Department’s involvement and D.M.’s desire to “get her kids back.”

C.      Holley Factors

        The trial court is the sole judge of the weight and credibility of the evidence, including the

testimony of the Department’s witness. See In re H.R.M., 209 S.W.3d 105, 108 (Tex. 2006) (per

curiam) (requiring appellate deference to the fact-finder’s findings); City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at

819. The factors a fact-finder uses to ascertain the best interest of the children were set forth in

Holley, 544 S.W.2d at 371–72; accord In re E.N.C., 384 S.W.3d 796, 807 (Tex. 2012) (reciting

the Holley factors). The Holley court warned that “[t]his listing is by no means exhaustive, but

does indicate a number of considerations which either have been or would appear to be pertinent.”

Id. at 372. We address the major issues faced by the trial court below.



                                                 -7-
                                                                                     04-15-00314-CV


       1.      The Desires of the Children

       In the present case, the children were seven, eight, and ten at the time of the hearing. The

Department’s caseworker testified the children missed their mother, but D.M.’s continued

promises clearly disrupted their behaviors. Additionally, the oldest child’s desire to stay with the

current placement was a result of continually moving when they were in their mother’s care.

       We hold that the desire of the children to stay with their mother does not outweigh the other

evidence that their home life was chaotic, and that their emotional and physical well-being was

threatened by D.M.’s abusive relationships and her inability to follow-through with promises made

to the children.

       2.      The Emotional and Physical Needs of the Children and Protecting the
               Children from Danger Now and in the Future

       The Department sought termination of D.M.’s parental rights after an extensive history of

Department involvement over a nine-year period. Fifteen separate referrals were made to the

Department and three separate family based services cases were opened during that time. The

various cases included physical abuse, neglect, and neglectful supervision. See In re J.T.G., 121

S.W.3d 117, 125 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2003, no pet.) (“[A]busive or violent conduct by a parent

or other resident of a child’s home may produce an environment that endangers the physical or

emotional well-being of a child.”).

       Throughout the pendency of the Department’s involvement with D.M., D.M.’s actions

showed her inability to care for the emotional and physical needs of the children and to protect her

children from danger. Between 2006 and 2013, D.M. was provided counseling, parenting,

substance abuse, and psychological services from the Department.

       In the present case, the children were removed from the home based on evidence of

“extreme fighting” between the parents and both parents’ positive drug tests. Yet, D.M. continued


                                                -8-
                                                                                      04-15-00314-CV


to live with a boyfriend who had an extensive criminal history. Her newest relationship also

involved several disturbance calls to officers.

       The trial court could have reasonably determined that D.M. was unable to put her children’s

emotional and physical needs before her own and that she was unable to protect her children from

danger now or in the future. See In re C.J., 392 S.W.3d 763, 770 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, no

pet.) (looking at domestic violence in the home in a best interests determination).

        3. D.M.’s abilities

       The evidence was sufficient to find that D.M.’s abilities are limited. Throughout this case,

D.M. has shown that when it comes to caring for her children or herself, she did not exercise good

judgment and could not maintain steady employment. D.M. exhibited an inability to attend the

necessary counseling or psychiatric appointments; she also showed a propensity to participate in

abusive relationships.

       Based on the evidence presented, the trial court could have reasonably concluded that D.M.

lacked the decision-making skills and parental abilities to provide for and parent her children in a

healthy and safe manner.

       4.      Programs Available to Assist D.M. to Promote the Best Interest of the
               Children

       The evidence clearly supported the conclusion that D.M. needed assistance in her everyday

life. Yet, even when the Department made resources available, D.M. did not reach out for

assistance. The psychological and drug counseling would have provided D.M. with the skills to

manage her depression and bipolar tendencies, as well as to escape domestic violence. She chose

not to participate in the counseling required by the Department.




                                                  -9-
                                                                                      04-15-00314-CV


       5.       D.M.’s Acts or Omissions Which Indicate the Existing Parent-Child
                Relationship is Not a Proper One

       The trial court heard testimony that D.M. does not have a proper parent-child relationship

with her children. She failed to protect them from physical and emotional injury during episodes

of fighting with her husband. Moreover, there was evidence that she instructed the children to lie

to caseworkers. Over the eight years of the Department’s involvement, D.M. failed to take

responsibility for placing the children in a dangerous environment, her drug use, or her inability to

obtain the psychological help necessary to manage her mental issues.

D.     Analysis

       The record clearly supports D.M.’s unwillingness to put her children’s needs before her

own and an inability to effect positive changes within a reasonable time. The trial court could

have also reasonably believed the testimony that D.M. (1) failed to provide a safe and stable home

for her children, (2) failed to provide proof of employment, and (3) failed to appropriately care for

her children.

       Reviewing the evidence under the two sufficiency standards, and giving due consideration

to evidence that the trial court could have reasonably found to be clear and convincing, we

conclude the trial court could have formed a firm belief or conviction that terminating D.M.’s

parental rights to A.R.M., N.A.M., and K.A.M. was in each child’s best interests. See In re J.F.C.,

96 S.W.3d at 266; see also In re H.R.M., 209 S.W.3d at 108. Therefore, the evidence is legally

and factually sufficient to support the trial court’s order. See In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 266; see

also In re H.R.M., 209 S.W.3d at 108.




                                                - 10 -
                                                                                    04-15-00314-CV


                                          CONCLUSION

       The trial court found D.M. committed the statutory grounds supporting terminating her

parental rights and that terminating D.M.’s parental rights was in the children’s best interests.

D.M. only appealed the best interest of the children finding.

       Having reviewed the evidence, we conclude it was legally and factually sufficient to

support the trial court’s finding by clear and convincing evidence that termination of D.M.’s

parental rights to A.R.M., N.A.M., and K.A.M. was in each child’s best interests.

       Accordingly, we overrule D.M.’s sole issue on appeal and affirm the trial court’s order.


                                                  Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice




                                               - 11 -
