[Cite as State v. West, 2009-Ohio-6160.]




                              IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                             THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                   UNION COUNTY




STATE OF OHIO,

        PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE,                           CASE NO. 14-08-34

        v.

DONNIE LEE WEST,                                      OPINION

        DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.




                  Appeal from Union County Common Pleas Court
                            Trial Court No. 08 CR 0016

                                      Judgment Affirmed

                          Date of Decision:   November 23, 2009




APPEARANCES:

        Alison Boggs for Appellant

        Melissa A. Chase for Appellee
Case No. 14-08-34


PRESTON, P.J.

         {¶1} Defendant-appellant, Donnie Lee West (“West”), appeals the

judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of Union County finding him guilty of

one count of theft and one count of engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity. For

the reasons set forth below, the judgment is affirmed.

         {¶2} On February 14, 2008, West was indicted on one count of theft in

violation of R.C. 2913.02(A)(3), (B)(2), a fifth degree felony, and one count of

engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity in violation of R.C. 2923.32(A)(1), (B)(1),

a second degree felony. (Doc. No. 1). West entered pleas of not guilty to both

charges and the matter proceeded to trial on July 17, 2008. (Doc. Nos. 13, 64).

The morning of trial, West changed his plea and entered guilty pleas to both

counts. (Doc. No. 97). The trial court then sentenced West to eleven (11) months

in prison for the theft and four (4) years in prison for the corrupt activity

conviction. (Doc. No. 98).                   The sentences were ordered to be served

consecutively. (Id.). West appeals from this conviction and raises the following

assignments of error.1

                              ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. I

         THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT ACCEPTED
         [WEST’S] GUILTY PLEA ON COUNT TWO OF THE
         INDICTMENT, AS THE INDICTMENT FAILED TO
         ALLEGE AN ELEMENT OF THE OFFENSE, THEREBY
1
   Counsel for West filed a brief raising the first assignment of error. West then filed a supplemental brief
raising the remaining assignments of error.


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Case No. 14-08-34


           MAKING THE INDICTMENT UNCONSTITUTIONAL
           BECAUSE IT FAILED TO CHARGE AN OFFENSE.

                               ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. II

           TRIAL    COURT   DID  NOT   HAVE    ORIGINAL
           JURISDICTION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE IV, SECTION
           4(B) TO ENTER JUDGMENT ON COUNT II OF [WEST’S]
           INDICTMENT.

                              ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. III

           [WEST’S] CONDUCT, PRIOR THEFT CONVICTIONS, IS
           NOT SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE OR PROOF OF FACT, THAT
           A VIOLATION OF OHIO’S RICO ACT LEGISLATION,
           CODIFIED AS R.C. 2923.32 HAD OCCURRED.

                              ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. IV

           THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT ACCEPTED
           [WEST’S] GUILTY PLEA ON COUNT II OF THE
           INDICTMENT AS: A) THE INDICTMENT OMITTED THE
           ELEMENTS TO CHARGE THE CRIME ALLEGED; AND B)
           WHEN THE FACTS OF [WEST’S] CONDUCT, EVEN WHEN
           PROVEN TRUE, DO NOT CONSTITUTE A VIOLATION OF
           THE ALLEGED OFFENSE.

          {¶3} Since all of the assignments of error allege that the indictment did

not sufficiently allege an offense, we will address them together.

          {¶4} West’s indictment stated as follows concerning Count II2:

           Count II: From on or about October 4, 2007 through on or
           about November 21, 2007, in a continuing course of criminal
           activity between Delaware County, Ohio; Union County, Ohio;
           and Pickaway County, Ohio, and [West] while employed by or
           associated with, any enterprise as defined in [R.C. 2923.31(C)],

2
    No error has been raised as to Count I.


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Case No. 14-08-34


       did conduct or participate in, directly or indirectly, the affairs of
       the corrupt activity; to wit: theft offenses which were violations
       of [R.C. 2913.02(A)] Theft, felonies of the fifth degree, and
       Receiving Stolen Property [R.C. 2913.51(A)] as set forth above
       in this Indictment, and Delaware County, Ohio Case No. 07CR-
       I-11-0659 and Pickaway County, Ohio Case Nos. 2007-CR-245
       and 2007-CR-246 (Kathleen Marie West), and all in a total
       amount exceeding Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00). This
       constitutes the offense of Engaging in a Pattern of Corrupt
       Activity in violation of [R.C. 2923.32(A)(1),(B)(1)], a felony of
       the second degree.

       (Doc. No. 1). R.C. 2923.32(A)(1),(B)(1) states as follows.

       (A)(1) No person employed by, or associated with any enterprise
       shall conduct or participate in, directly or indirectly, the affairs
       of the enterprise through a pattern of corrupt activity or the
       collection of an unlawful debt.
       **

       (B)(1) Whoever violates this section is guilty of engaging in a
       pattern of corrupt activity.

As this Court has recognized before:

       Felony defendants are guaranteed the right to an indictment
       setting forth the “nature and cause of the accusation” under
       Section 10, Article I of the Ohio Constitution. The Ohio
       Supreme Court has noted that “[t]he purpose of an indictment
       is twofold.” State v. Sellards (1985), 17 Ohio St.3d 169, 170.
       First, the indictment affords the accused with adequate notice
       and an opportunity to defend against the allegations contained
       in the indictment. Id. Second, by identifying and defining the
       offense, the indictment enables an accused to defend against any
       future prosecutions for the same offense. Id. R.C. 2941.05
       provides:

       In an indictment or information charging an offense, each count
       shall contain, and is sufficient if it contains in substance a
       statement that the accused has committed some public offense


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Case No. 14-08-34


       therein specified. Such statement may be made in ordinary and
       concise language without any technical averments or any
       allegations not essential to be proved. It may be in the words of
       the section of the Revised Code describing the offense or
       declaring the matter charged to be a public offense, or in any
       words sufficient to give the accused notice of the offense of which
       he is charged.

State v. Harrold, 3d Dist. No. 13-2000-20, 2000-Ohio-1782, at *2 (emphasis

added). R.C. 2941.05 provides that the indictment “may be in the words of the

section of the Revised Code describing the offense or declaring the matter charged

to be a public offense, or in any words sufficient to give the accused notice of the

offense of which he is charged.” (Emphasis added).

      {¶5} Count two of West’s indictment mirrored, in large part, the language

of the statute codifying the offense of engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity,

R.C. 2923.32(A)(1). The only word that appears to be missing in the indictment’s

initial language is “pattern”; however, the indictment does allege “a continuing

course of criminal activity” and “corrupt activity.” (Doc. No. 1). Furthermore, the

indictment provides that the aforementioned indicted charge “constitutes the

offense of Engaging in a Pattern of Corrupt Activity in violation of Ohio Revised

Code Section 2923.32(A)(1), (B)(1), a felony of the second degree.” (Id.). The

indictment, although not exactly written as provided by statute, is, at minimum,

written in “any words sufficient to give the accused notice of the offense of which

he is charged.” R.C. 2941.05. Furthermore, the indictment sub judice satisfies the



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Case No. 14-08-34


two main purposes of indictments—adequate notice and opportunity to defend;

and protection from subsequent prosecution for the same offense. Harrold, 3d

Dist. No. 13-2000-1782, at *3. Furthermore, the record herein demonstrates that

West was aware that he was charged with engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity.

Before West pled guilty, the trial court asked him:

       THE COURT: Mr. West, do you understand then you would be
       withdrawing your former plea of not guilty and entering a plea
       of guilty to * * * count two the offense of engaging in a pattern
       of corrupt activity in violation of Ohio Revised Code Section
       2923.32 A 1 B 1, a felony of the second degree.

       DEFENDANT: Yes, your Honor.

(Jul. 17, 2008 Tr. at 6-7). Since the indictment language sufficiently provided

West with adequate notice of the offense of which he was charged and protection

from subsequent prosecution for the same offense, his argument lacks merit.

       {¶6} Additionally, regardless of whether the indictment was defective,

West’s guilty plea waives any defects in the indictment. “The plea of guilty is a

complete admission of the defendant’s guilt.” Crim.R. 11(B)(1). Accordingly,

“[b]y entering a plea of guilty, the accused is not simply stating that he did the

discrete acts described in the indictment; he is admitting guilt of a substantive

crime.” State v. Kitzler, 3d Dist. No. 16-02-06, 2002-Ohio-5253, ¶12, citing State

v. Barnett (1991), 73 Ohio App.3d 244, 248, 596 N.E.2d 1101, quoting United

State v. Broce (1989), 488 U.S. 563, 570, 109 S.Ct. 757, 102 L.Ed.2d 927. See



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Case No. 14-08-34


also, McCarthy v. U.S. (1969), 394 U.S. 459, 466, 89 S.Ct. 1166, 22 L.Ed.2d 418.

Therefore “[a] criminal defendant who pleads guilty is limited on appeal; he may

only attack the voluntary, knowing, and intelligent nature of the plea and ‘may not

thereafter raise independent claims relating to the deprivation of constitutional

rights that occurred prior to the entry of the guilty plea.’” State v. Woods, 3d Dist.

No. 1-05-82, 2006-Ohio-2368, ¶14, quoting State v. Spates (1992), 64 Ohio St.3d

269, 272, 595 N.E.2d 351, citing Tollett v. Henderson (1973), 411 U.S. 258, 267,

93 S.Ct. 1602, 36 L.Ed.2d 235. See, also, State v. Barton, 108 Ohio St.3d 402,

2006-Ohio-1324, 844 N.E.2d 307, ¶73; State v. Fitzpatrick, 102 Ohio St.3d 321,

2004-Ohio-3167, 810 N.E.2d 927, ¶78; Ross v. Auglaize Cty. Common Pleas

Court (1972), 30 Ohio St.2d 323, 285 N.E.2d 25; State v. Gant, 3d Dist. No. 1-08-

22, 2008-Ohio-5406, ¶13 (Colon defect waived by guilty plea); State v. McGinnis,

3d Dist. No. 15-08-07, 2008-Ohio-5825, ¶26 (same); State v. Morgan, 181 Ohio

App.3d 747, 2009-Ohio-1370, 910 N.E.2d 1075, ¶28 (same); State v. Easter, 2nd

Dist. No. 22487, 2008-Ohio-6038, ¶¶26-28 (same); State v. Haney, 180 Ohio

App.3d 554, 2009-Ohio-149, 906 N.E.2d 472, ¶18 (same); State v. Smith, 6th Dist.

No. L-07-1346, 2009-Ohio-48, ¶10 (same); State v. Cain, 7th Dist. No. 08 MA 23,

2009-Ohio-1015, ¶¶11-13 (same); State v. Hayden, 8th Dist. No. 90474, 2008-

Ohio-6279, ¶6 (same).




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Case No. 14-08-34


       {¶7} Accordingly, West has waived any alleged defect in his indictment

by pleading guilty to the substantive offense of engaging in a pattern of corrupt

activity.

       {¶8} For all these reasons, West’s assignments of error are overruled.

                                                                Judgment Affirmed

ROGERS, J., concur.

/jlr



WILLAMOWSKI, J., Concurring Separately.

activity.

       {¶9} I concur with the majority that the indictment is sufficient to provide

notice of the offense charged. I also agree that under the line of cases cited by the

majority, the doctrine of waiver due to a guilty plea may apply. However, I

concur separately to note that there is another line of cases by the Ohio Supreme

Court and this court holding that the subject matter jurisdiction may not be

waived. See State v. Wozniak (1961), 172 Ohio St. 517, 178 N.E.2d 800; State v.

Wilson (1995), 73 Ohio St.3d 40, 652 N.E.2d 196; Pratts v. Hurley, 102 Ohio

St.3d 81, 2004-Ohio-1980, 806 N.E.2d 992; State v. Payne, 114 Ohio St.3d 502,

2007-Ohio-4642, 873 N.E.2d 306; State v. Reinhardt, 3d Dist. No. 15-06-07,

2007-Ohio-2284; and State v. Maish, 173 Ohio App.3d 724, 2007-Ohio-6230, 880



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Case No. 14-08-34


N.E.2d 153. This is an inconsistency in the law that should be addressed by the

Ohio Supreme Court.




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