                                                                  FILED
                                                      United States Court of Appeals
                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS         Tenth Circuit

                             FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT                           July 10, 2019
                         _________________________________
                                                                         Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                             Clerk of Court
 ANTHONY LEE HEINEMANN,

       Petitioner - Appellant,

 v.                                                           No. 19-8039
                                                     (D.C. No. 2:19-CV-00044-NDF)
 WARDEN EDDIE WILSON,                                           (D. Wyo.)

       Respondent - Appellee.
                      _________________________________

            ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY*
                   _________________________________

Before MATHESON, McKAY, and BACHARACH, Circuit Judges.
                 _________________________________

       Wyoming state prisoner Anthony Heinemann requests a Certificate of

Appealability (“COA”) to challenge the district court’s dismissal of his application for

habeas relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2241. He also seeks leave to proceed in forma pauperis

(“ifp”). Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1291 and 2253(a), we deny a COA,

deny ifp status, and dismiss this matter.



       *
         After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of this
appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered
submitted without oral argument. This order denying a certificate of appealability is not
binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and
collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with
Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 32.1 and Tenth Circuit Rule 32.1.
                                   I. BACKGROUND

                                 A. State Court Proceedings

       In 1998, Mr. Heinemann was convicted in two related trials in Wyoming state

court of (1) taking indecent liberties with a child, (2) furnishing alcohol to a minor, and

(3) sexual assault in the third degree. Heinemann v. State, 413 P.3d 644, 645 (Wyo.

2018). At a joint sentencing hearing, he was sentenced to life in prison without parole.

Id. at 645-46. The court also ordered Mr. Heinemann to pay $6,260 for the cost of his

public defender in one case and $2,635 in the other. Id. at 646. According to the

judgments in both cases, the amounts were to “be paid within [Mr. Heinemann’s]

probationary period.” Id. (quotations omitted).

       The state prison reduced Mr. Heinemann’s pay from a prison job to offset his

payment obligations. See id. After Mr. Heinemann objected that he was obligated to pay

only during his “probationary period,” the state moved for a nunc pro tunc order to

correct his sentence by removing the reference to a probationary period.1 Id. The state

trial court granted the motion. Id. The Wyoming Supreme Court affirmed. Id. at 649.

                               B. Federal Habeas Proceedings

       Mr. Heinemann applied for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2241 in the

U.S. District Court for the District of Wyoming. See Record on Appeal (“ROA”) at 1.




       1
      “A nunc pro tunc order is used to correct an inaccuracy in an earlier order.”
Heinemann, 413 P.3d at 647.

                                                  2
He argued: (1) the state lacked jurisdiction to dock his pay, (2) the state trial court erred

in concluding the nunc pro tunc order corrected a clerical error in his sentence, (3) the

Wyoming Supreme Court erred in affirming the state trial court, and (4) the state

provided him with counsel for all proceedings related to his convictions.2 His application

did not mention due process rights.

       The district court dismissed the application on procedural grounds, holding that (1)

Mr. Heinemann’s “challenge attacks the validity of the sentence, not the execution of the

sentence,” so it could not be brought under § 2241, and (2) “monetary obligations,

without more, are not enough to satisfy § 2241’s custody requirement.” Id. at 15.

       Mr. Heinemann timely appealed pro se.3 We remanded so the district court could

address whether to issue a COA. The district court denied a COA and denied Mr.

Heinemann’s motion to proceed ifp.

       In his brief to this court, Mr. Heinemann argues that (1) Wyoming Statutes § 7-16-

206(a)(v) and § 7-6-108 do not provide for the deductions from his pay, and (2) the

Wyoming Supreme Court erred in construing Wyoming case law to conclude that the

nunc pro tunc order corrected a clerical error. He concludes by stating, “The handling of

the ‘Public Defenders Fees’ by the Wyoming courts deprived [him] of due process of

law.” Aplt. Br. at 6.


       2
           The application does not indicate why this point might warrant habeas relief.
       3
        Because Mr. Heinemann proceeds pro se, we construe his filings liberally but do
not serve as his advocate. United States v. Pinson, 584 F.3d 972, 975 (10th Cir. 2009).

                                                  3
                                     II. DISCUSSION

       We deny a COA for lack of jurisdiction or because Mr. Heinemann failed to allege

a claim on which relief may be granted.

       “[A] state prisoner must obtain a COA to appeal the denial of a habeas petition . . .

filed pursuant to . . . § 2241 . . . .” Montez v. McKinna, 208 F.3d 862, 867 (10th Cir.

2000). “[W]hen the district court denies a habeas petition on procedural grounds . . . a

COA should issue . . . if the prisoner shows, at least, that [1] jurists of reason would find

it debatable whether the petition states a valid claim of the denial of a constitutional right,

and [2] that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the district court was correct

in its procedural ruling.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 478 (2000). A court of

appeals may deny a COA on any ground supported by the record even if it was not relied

on by the district court. See Davis v. Roberts, 425 F.3d 830, 834 (10th Cir. 2005).

       “Under 28 U.S.C. § 2241, a writ of habeas corpus disturbing a state-court

judgment may issue only if it is found that a prisoner is in custody in violation of the

Constitution or laws or treaties of the United States.” Pulley v. Harris, 465 U.S. 37, 41

(1984) (quotations omitted) (emphasis added). “A federal court may not issue the writ on

the basis of a perceived error of state law.” Id.; see also Leatherwood v. Allbaugh, 861

F.3d 1034, 1043 (10th Cir. 2017) (“Federal habeas relief is not available to correct state

law errors.”).

       Although “[a] prisoner may seek relief . . . if a state law decision is so

fundamentally unfair that it implicates federal due process[,] . . . [a] habeas applicant

                                                  4
cannot transform a state law claim into a federal one merely by attaching a due process

label.” Leatherwood, 861 F.3d at 1043. “Rather, the habeas applicant should include

reference to a specific federal constitutional guarantee, as well as a statement of the facts

that entitle him to relief.” Id. (quotations and alterations omitted). Accordingly, we have

held that a prisoner’s assertion that a state court’s refusal to modify a sentence under a

state statute violated due process rights failed to “draw enough of a connection between

the right to due process and the sentencing court’s alleged errors to render his claim

cognizable on habeas review.” Shelman v. Whitten, --- F. App’x ---, 2019 WL 2120772,

at *2 (10th Cir. 2019) (alterations omitted).4

       So too here. Indeed, Mr. Heinemann’s § 2241 application in district court asserted

errors in the Wyoming courts’ application of Wyoming law and did not even allege

violation of a federal right. Aplt. Br. at 6. For the first time in his appellate brief, he

makes a cursory, concluding reference to “due process of law.” Id.5 His brief otherwise

discusses only Wyoming law. See id. at 4-6.6 Mr. Heinemann cannot “transform a state

law claim into a federal one merely by attaching a due process label.” Leatherwood, 861



       4
        We cite this unpublished case only for its persuasive value. See Fed. R. App. P.
32.1; 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
       5
        We do not consider whether Mr. Heinemann forfeited this argument in district
court because we dismiss this matter for lack of jurisdiction or failure to state a claim.
       6
        Mr. Heinemann’s brief cites one federal case, Ontiveros v. Pacheco, 760 F.
App’x 601 (10th Cir. 2019) (unpublished), to support his statement of the standard for
granting a COA. See Aplt. Br. at 6.

                                                   5
F.3d at 1043. “Because federal courts may not provide habeas relief to petitioners who

raise claims grounded in state law, this claim fails for either lack of federal jurisdiction or

for failure to state a valid claim.” Shelman, 2019 WL 2120772, at *2. For this reason,

we need not consider the district court’s grounds for dismissing Mr. Heinemann’s

application. See Davis, 425 F.3d at 834.

                                    III. CONCLUSION

       We deny Mr. Heinemann’s request for a COA and dismiss this matter. We also

deny Mr. Heinemann’s motion to proceed ifp.


                                               Entered for the Court


                                               Scott M. Matheson, Jr.
                                               Circuit Judge




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