                             NOT FOR PUBLICATION                      FILED
                   UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                      APR 25 2018
                                                                   MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                    U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                             FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

MARCO ANTONIO PINDTER-BONILLA,                No.   15-70079

               Petitioner,                    Agency No. A205-299-907

 v.
                                              MEMORANDUM*
JEFFERSON B. SESSIONS III, Attorney
General,

               Respondent.

                    On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                        Board of Immigration Appeals

                      Argued and Submitted April 13, 2018
                              Seattle, Washington

Before: HAWKINS and McKEOWN, Circuit Judges, and TEILBORG,** District
Judge.

      Marco Antonio Pindter-Bonilla, a native of Mexico and citizen of both

Mexico and Nicaragua, appeals from the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”)

dismissal of his appeal of an Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) decision denying his



      *
          This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
          The Honorable James A. Teilborg, United States District Judge for the
District of Arizona, sitting by designation.
applications for withholding of removal and protection under the Convention

Against Torture (“CAT”). We have jurisdiction pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252, and

we deny Pindter-Bonilla’s petition for review.

      As to withholding of removal based on past persecution in Mexico, substantial

evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that Pindter-Bonilla’s kidnappers were not

motivated by his status as a Central American migrant. See Zetino v. Holder, 622

F.3d 1007, 1016 (9th Cir. 2010). Instead, the kidnappers’ phone call to Pindter-

Bonilla’s family member indicates the kidnappers’ motives were rooted in financial

gain. Although the IJ and BIA did not apply the “a reason” standard articulated in

Barajas-Romero v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 351, 360 (9th Cir. 2017), this error does not

require remand because the IJ and BIA concluded that a protected ground was not a

reason at all—versus one of many reasons—for the past persecution. Substantial

evidence also supports the BIA’s conclusion that Pindter-Bonilla did not establish a

clear probability of future persecution.         In particular, Mexico has passed

comprehensive migrant laws and there was otherwise no evidence Pindter-Bonilla

was at an individualized risk of future persecution. See Wakkary v. Holder, 558 F.3d

1049, 1060 (9th Cir. 2009).

      Similarly, substantial evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that Pindter-

Bonilla did not establish a clear probability of future persecution in Nicaragua.

Pindter-Bonilla fears persecution in Nicaragua based on the possibility others will


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impute his mother’s anti-Sandinista government opinions to him. However, Pindter-

Bonilla cites no evidence that places him at an individualized risk of future

persecution. Moreover, his family members—who previously fled Nicaragua due

to their own anti-Sandinista political views—have returned to Nicaragua without

harm.1    See Santos-Lemus v. Mukasey, 542 F.3d 738, 743 (9th Cir. 2008)

(recognizing that ongoing family safety may mitigate a well-founded fear of future

persecution).

      Substantial evidence also supports the BIA’s denial of CAT relief for both

Mexico and Nicaragua because there is no specific evidence that Pindter-Bonilla

will be subject to a “particularized threat of torture” upon his return to either

country. Dhital v. Mukasey, 532 F.3d 1044, 1051 (9th Cir. 2008). Rather, Pindter-

Bonilla’s reliance on his membership in disfavored groups is insufficient to warrant

CAT relief.

      Accordingly, the petition is DENIED.




      1
              Pindter-Bonilla also argues he is a member of a disfavored group
comprised of individuals with drug-related convictions and fears persecution in both
Mexico and Nicaragua on this basis. Pindter-Bonilla did not present this argument
to the BIA, and the BIA did not address this theory for relief. Thus, we lack
jurisdiction over this claim. See Vargas v. INS, 831 F.2d 906, 907–08 (9th Cir. 1987)
(“Failure to raise an issue in an appeal to the BIA constitutes a failure to exhaust
remedies with respect to that question and deprives this court of jurisdiction to hear
the matter.”).

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