                                  NOT FOR PUBLICATION                                      FILED
                         UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                                     MAY 11 2020
                                                                                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                                         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                                  FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT




HERBERT EFRAIN GOMEZ-ORTEGA,                                 No.     17-72433

                Petitioner,                                  Agency No. A208-991-461

                       v.                                    MEMORANDUM*

WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General,

                Respondent.



                            On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                                Board of Immigration Appeals

                                     Submitted May 7, 2020**
                                       Pasadena, California

Before: MURGUIA and CHRISTEN, Circuit Judges, and HELLERSTEIN,***
District Judge.




        *
                This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided
by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
        **
               The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument.
See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
        ***
               The Honorable Alvin K. Hellerstein, United States District Judge for the Southern District
of New York, sitting by designation.
           Herbert Efrain Gomez-Ortega (“Ortega”), a native and citizen of Guatemala,

petitions for review of an order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”)

affirming the decision of an Immigration Judge (“IJ”), which decision denied

Ortega’s application for withholding of removal and protection under the

Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). Ortega claims that she1 was persecuted in

Guatemala, and is in danger of further persecution were she to return to Guatemala,

due to her being a transgender woman. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252

and we deny the petition.

           1. We review the agency’s factual findings for substantial evidence, applying

the standards governing adverse credibility determinations generated by the REAL

ID Act. See Shrestha v. Holder, 590 F.3d 1034, 1039-40 (9th Cir. 2010); 8 U.S.C.

§ 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii). Substantial evidence supports the IJ’s conclusion, affirmed by

the BIA, that Ortega was not credible because her testimony was inconsistent

internally, with documentary evidence (including Ortega’s own sworn declaration),

and with her earlier interviews with law enforcement personnel; and that Ortega’s

explanations for these inconsistencies were inadequate and evasive.                              The IJ

identified a number of inconsistencies, many of which went directly to the heart of

Ortega’s claims, including omissions and discrepancies having to do with whether

and how many times Ortega was allegedly attacked by Guatemalan police–––alleged


1
    Because Ortega identifies as a transgender woman, we refer to her using feminine pronouns.

                                                          2
attacks that Ortega either failed to mention or affirmatively denied having taken

place in her pre-hearing interviews and her written application, and instead testified

to for the first time during her cross-examination. See Shrestha, 590 F.3d at 1046-

47 (“Although inconsistencies . . . [need not] go to the heart of the petitioner’s claim,

when an inconsistency is at the heart of the claim it doubtless is of great weight.”);

Silva-Pereira v. Lynch, 827 F.3d 1176, 1185 (9th Cir. 2016) (“[A]n adverse

credibility determination may be supported by omissions that are not ‘details,’ but

new allegations that tell a ‘much different–––and more compelling–––story of

persecution than [the] initial application.’” (alteration in original) (quoting Zamanov

v. Holder, 649 F.3d 969, 974 (9th Cir. 2011)). Ortega’s explanations for these

inconsistencies, which the agency gave due consideration, do not compel a contrary

conclusion. See Rizk v. Holder, 629 F.3d 1083, 1087-88 (9th Cir. 2011).

      2. The agency also did not err in considering the major discrepancies between

Ortega’s pre-hearing interviews and hearing testimony. See Li v. Ashcroft, 378 F.3d

959, 962-63 (9th Cir. 2004); see also Enriquez-Orellana v. Barr, 778 F. App’x 445,

446 (9th Cir. 2019) (“The agency did not err by considering inconsistencies between

Enriquez’s statements to an asylum officer during a credible fear interview and her

hearing testimony.”). Ortega’s pre-hearing interviews possessed sufficient indicia

of reliability to permit the agency’s consideration thereof. Among other things, the

interviews were conducted under oath and in Ortega’s native Spanish; Ortega was


                                           3
warned in the interviews of the importance of being truthful regarding any fear of

persecution and assured such disclosures would be kept confidential, and Ortega

confirmed she understood these warnings; the interviews were documented in

detailed typewritten summaries; Ortega had consulted with an attorney prior to one

of the interviews; Ortega was asked over a dozen pointed questions at the interviews

about the alleged incidents underlying her application; and Ortega was given the

opportunity by the IJ to explain the inconsistencies between her pre-hearing

interviews and hearing testimony. Cf. Singh v. Gonzales, 403 F.3d 1081, 1088-90

(9th Cir. 2005) (interview notes lacked sufficient indicia of reliability when, inter

alia, there was no evidence the interview was taken under oath, the applicant was

given no chance to explain his interview answers, and the notes did not indicate

whether the interview was conducted in the applicant’s native language).

      3. Finally, we reject as meritless Ortega’s contentions that the BIA failed to

explain its reasoning for upholding the IJ’s adverse credibility finding and ignored

Ortega’s arguments. The BIA specifically identified and approved the portions of

the IJ’s reasoning that it found persuasive, which leaves us with no doubt that the

agency “‘heard, considered, and decided’” the relevant arguments and issues.

Rodriguez-Matamoros v. INS, 86 F.3d 158, 160 (9th Cir. 1996) (quoting Villanueva-

Franco v. INS, 802 F.2d 327, 330 (9th Cir. 1986)); see also, e.g., She v. Holder, 629

F.3d 958, 963 (9th Cir. 2010) (“Due process and this court’s precedent require a


                                         4
minimum degree of clarity in dispositive reasoning and in the treatment of a properly

raised argument.”).

       4. The absence of credible testimony dooms Ortega’s withholding of removal

claim. And Ortega’s CAT claim likewise fails, because it is based upon the same

testimony that the IJ and BIA found not to be credible. See Jiang v. Holder, 754

F.3d 733, 740-41 (9th Cir. 2014); see also Wang v. Sessions, 861 F.3d 1003, 1009

(9th Cir. 2017) (“Without Wang’s testimony, the remaining evidence in the record

is insufficient to carry her burden of establishing eligibility for relief.”).

       PETITION DENIED.




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