                  NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
                             File Name: 18a0596n.06

                                           No. 17-2408


                          UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                               FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

 KIMBERLY QUISENBERRY,                              )                     FILED
                                                    )                   Nov 29, 2018
        Plaintiff-Appellant,                        )              DEBORAH  S. HUNT, Clerk
                                                    )
 v.                                                 ) ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED
                                                    ) STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
 COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,                   ) EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
                                                    )
        Defendant-Appellee.                         )



       BEFORE:         MERRITT, DAUGHTREY, and STRANCH, Circuit Judges.

       MARTHA CRAIG DAUGHTREY, Circuit Judge. Due to numerous physical ailments and

mental deficiencies, plaintiff Kimberly Quisenberry has been unable to perform her previous work

as a nurse’s assistant and caregiver since May 28, 2009. She applied for Social Security disability

benefits and supplemental security income benefits, but an administrative law judge determined

that she still could perform a significant number of other jobs in the national and regional

economies. The district court concluded that substantial evidence in the record supported that

decision, but Quisenberry contends that the administrative law judge erred: (1) in concluding that

her medical problems and intellectual shortcomings were not severe enough to meet or equal an

impairment listed in the applicable regulations; (2) in determining her residual functional capacity;

and (3) in posing an incomplete hypothetical question to the vocational expert.

       Our review of such contentions is extremely limited. If substantial evidence in the record

supports the findings and conclusions of the administrative law judge, we may not disturb that
No. 17-2408, Quisenberry v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.


decision, even if substantial evidence would also support the opposite conclusion. Constrained as

we are by that established standard of review, we affirm the judgment of the district court.

                      FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

       In August and September 2009, Kimberly Quisenberry filed applications with the Social

Security Administration for disability insurance benefits and supplemental security income

benefits. At the time of those applications, Quisenberry was 44 years old and claimed that she

became unable to work in her previous jobs as a nurse’s assistant and as a caregiver in an assisted-

living facility as of May 28, 2009, due to a heart condition, a blood disorder, and mental illness

that left her weak, depressed, and “always tired.” In her last position as a caregiver, Quisenberry

took “care of people by bathing, feeding, clothing, and assisting residents in their daily lives,” and

“would lift people to place clothes on them.” That job required her to walk five hours per day,

stand for one hour, sit for one hour, handle large objects for two hours, reach for four hours,

frequently lift five pounds, and occasionally lift as much as 150 pounds.

       When Quisenberry’s claims were denied, she requested a hearing before an administrative

law judge. After that hearing, Administrative Law Judge Anthony Smereka issued a written

decision finding that Quisenberry was not disabled and, therefore, not entitled to the benefits she

sought. The Appeals Council remanded the matter for a second hearing, however, directing the

administrative law judge to evaluate further the severity of Quisenberry’s anemia, her maximum

residual functional capacity, and the completeness of the hypothetical question posed to the

testifying vocational expert. Upon remand, Judge Smereka again concluded that Quisenberry was

not disabled, and the Appeals Council denied the subsequent request for review. Upon the

stipulation by the parties, however, the federal district court remanded the matter for a third

administrative hearing, this time before a different administrative law judge. The district court



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No. 17-2408, Quisenberry v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.


additionally directed the administrative law judge to “give further consideration to the claimant’s

maximum residual functional capacity during the entire period at issue and provide a rationale with

specific references to evidence of record in support of assessed limitations.”

       The mandated hearing was held before Administrative Law Judge B. Lloyd Blair in

November 2015, and Judge Blair issued a 22-page decision three weeks later, concluding that,

“considering the claimant’s age, education, work experience, and residual functional capacity, the

claimant is capable of making a successful adjustment to other work that exists in significant

numbers in the national economy. A finding of ‘not disabled’ is therefore appropriate under the

framework of the [applicable] rules.” Opting not to file written exceptions with the Appeals

Council, Quisenberry filed a complaint directly in federal district court. The matter first was

referred to a magistrate judge who concluded that substantial evidence in the record supported the

decision of the administrative law judge to deny benefits to Quisenberry. The magistrate judge

thus recommended that a summary-judgment motion filed by the Commissioner of Social Security

be granted and that the decision of the administrative law judge be affirmed. The district court

adopted that recommendation, leading to this appeal.

                                          DISCUSSION

       Although we review a district court’s decision regarding Social Security disability benefits

de novo, Gayheart v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 710 F.3d 365, 374 (6th Cir. 2013), “our review is

limited to determining whether the Commissioner’s decision ‘is supported by substantial evidence

and was made pursuant to proper legal standards.’” Ealy v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 594 F.3d 504,

512 (6th Cir. 2010) (quoting Rogers v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 486 F.3d 234, 241 (6th Cir. 2007)).

“The substantial-evidence standard requires the Court to affirm the Commissioner’s findings if

they are supported by ‘such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to



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No. 17-2408, Quisenberry v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.


support a conclusion.’” Cole v. Astrue, 661 F.3d 931, 937 (6th Cir. 2011) (quoting Richardson v.

Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971) (quoting Consol. Edison Co. v. NLRB, 305 U.S. 197, 229

(1938))). Indeed, we are called upon to “affirm the Commissioner’s decision if it is based on

substantial evidence, even if substantial evidence would also have supported the opposite

conclusion.” Gayheart, 710 F.3d at 374 (citation omitted) (emphasis added).

Analytical Framework for Decision

        Pursuant to the relevant provisions of 42 U.S.C. § 423(a), an individual is entitled to receive

disability insurance benefits if the claimant “is insured for disability insurance benefits,” “has not

attained retirement age,” “has filed application for disability insurance benefits,” and “is under a

disability.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(a)(1)(A), (B), (D), and (E). Here, the parties do not dispute that, at

all times relevant to her application for benefits, Quisenberry was properly insured, had not yet

reached retirement age, and had filed a proper application for disability benefits. Consequently,

the broad issue before us on appeal is whether Quisenberry can be considered to be “under a

disability.”

        42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(2) provides that a claimant is considered to be “under a disability”

“only if his physical or mental impairment or impairments are of such severity that he is not only

unable to do his previous work but cannot, considering his age, education, and work experience,

engage in any other kind of substantial gainful work which exists in the national economy.” In

making such a disability determination, an administrative law judge engages in a five-step,

sequential evaluation:

        1.     If claimant is doing substantial gainful activity, he is not disabled.
        2.      If claimant is not doing substantial gainful activity, his impairment must be
               severe before he can be found to be disabled.
        3. If claimant is not doing substantial gainful activity and is suffering from a
           severe impairment that has lasted or is expected to last for a continuous period


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No. 17-2408, Quisenberry v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.


            of at least twelve months, and his impairment meets or equals a listed
            impairment, claimant is presumed disabled without further inquiry.
        4. If claimant’s impairment does not prevent him from doing his past relevant
           work, he is not disabled.
        5. Even if claimant’s impairment does prevent him from doing his past relevant
           work, if other work exists in the national economy that accommodates his
           residual functional capacity and vocational factors (age, education, skills, etc.),
           he is not disabled.

Walters v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 127 F.3d 525, 529 (6th Cir. 1997) (citing 20 C.F.R.

§ 404.1520(a)(4)). “[D]uring the first four steps, the claimant has the burden of proof; this burden

shifts to the Commissioner only at Step Five.” Walters, 127 F.3d at 529 (citations omitted). To

determine whether the requisite substantial evidence in the record supports the administrative law

judge’s decision in this case, we now examine each of these five steps in turn.

        Was Quisenberry Engaged in Substantial Gainful Activity?

        The testimony before the administrative law judge, as well as documentary evidence

introduced at the hearings, established that Quisenberry has not been employed since May 28,

2009. Because the applicable regulations define “substantial gainful activity” as “significant and

productive physical or mental duties” “done (or intended) for pay or profit,” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1510,

Quisenberry’s unemployed status required that the administrative law judge proceed to the second

step of the disability analysis.

        Did Quisenberry Suffer Severe Impairments That Met Durational Requirements?

        At that second step, the administrative law judge considers whether the claimant has “a

severe medically determinable physical or mental impairment” that “is expected to result in death”

or “be expected to last for a continuous period of at least 12 months.”                   20 C.F.R.

§§ 404.1520(a)(4)(ii); 404.1509. The administrative law judge found that Quisenberry’s medical

records established that she suffered from the following impairments: coronary artery disease,

status post-stenting; anemia; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; learning disorder; depression

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No. 17-2408, Quisenberry v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.


with anxiety; and substance abuse in complete remission. Moreover, because those impairments

significantly limited the claimant’s ability to perform basic work activities, the administrative law

judge further found those impairments to be “severe” enough to allow the analysis to proceed to

the third step of the decisional framework.1

         Did Quisenberry’s Impairments Meet or Equal a Listed Impairment?

         It is in the consideration of that third step that Quisenberry alleges that the administrative

law judge first erred. As provided in 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iii) and (d), “If you have an

impairment(s) that meets or equals one of our listings in appendix 1 of this subpart and meets the

duration requirement, we will find that you are disabled,” “without considering your age,

education, and work experience.” Even though Quisenberry admitted that she suffered from

numerous conditions, she claims on appeal only that the administrative law judge mistakenly

concluded that she neither met nor equaled the Code of Federal Regulations listing for an

intellectual disability. The version of that listing that was in effect at the time of the third

administrative hearing in this matter provides:

         Intellectual disability: Intellectual disability refers to significantly subaverage
         general intellectual functioning with deficits in adaptive functioning initially
         manifested during the developmental period; i.e., the evidence demonstrates or
         supports onset of the impairment before age 22.

         The required level of severity of this disorder is met when the requirements in A,
         B, C, or D are satisfied.

                                                *    *     *

         C. A valid verbal, performance, or full scale IQ of 60 through 70 and a physical or
         other mental impairment imposing an additional and
          significant work-related limitation of function[.]


         1
           Quisenberry also claimed to suffer from uterine fibroids, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a hiatal
hernia, arthritis, and fainting spells. The administrative law judge refused to consider those maladies to be “severe
impairments,” however, either because the condition improved with surgery, because intermittent treatments
prevented the maladies from limiting Quisenberry’s ability to perform basic work activities, or because the conditions
could not be confirmed through medical tests and diagnoses.

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No. 17-2408, Quisenberry v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.


20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1, Listing 12.05C (Effective: August 12, 2015, to May

23, 2016).2

        As an initial matter, the Commissioner argues that Quisenberry has waived this challenge

to the determination of the administrative law judge by failing to object specifically to the

magistrate judge’s discussion of the issue in his report and recommendation. See Appellee’s Br.

at 19. Although “a court of appeals may exercise its supervisory powers to establish a rule that

the failure to file objections to the magistrate’s report waives the right to appeal the district court’s

judgment,” Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140, 142 (1985), such a rule is procedural only and not

jurisdictional. Keeling v. Warden, Lebanon Corr. Inst., 673 F.3d 452, 458 (6th Cir. 2012).

Consequently, we “retain[ ] subject matter jurisdiction over the appeal regardless of the untimely

filing or nonfiling of objections,” Kent v. Johnson, 821 F.2d 1220, 1222-23 (6th Cir. 1987) (citation

omitted), and we “may excuse a default if exceptional circumstances are present that justify

disregarding the rule in the interests of justice.” Keeling, 673 F.3d at 458 (citation omitted).

Because of the importance of ensuring that deserving claimants receive the disability benefits to

which they are entitled, and because Quisenberry did address this contention of error in her

memorandum in support of her motion for summary judgment in the district court, we choose to

consider in this appeal the merits of this allegation of error.

        In arguing that she met or equaled the impairment in Listing 12.05C, Quisenberry first

contends that she manifested deficits in adaptive functioning prior to the age of 22. Specifically,

Quisenberry claims that she was sexually abused as a young child; she was “sexually promiscuous

from the age of 13 to the age of 17”; she married at age 16 and was divorced three years later after

giving birth to her first child; she dropped out of school in the 10th grade and failed to obtain a



        2
            Subsequently, Listing 12.05C was revised significantly.

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No. 17-2408, Quisenberry v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.


General Equivalency Diploma GED); she experienced auditory hallucinations in the 1980s; she

took an overdose of medication at age 14 and again in 1998; and, for many years, she suffered

from pica—an eating disorder that involves the ingestion of non-nutritive substances.

       The administrative law judge concluded, however, that the record did not support a finding

that any of the claims made by Quisenberry established the presence of the required “deficits in

adaptive functioning.” As noted by the administrative law judge, Quisenberry still engages in

numerous daily activities, including “caring for her disabled husband, caring for her son, driving,

grocery shopping, preparing meals, washing dishes, light housecleaning, doing laundry, ironing,

caring for her personal hygiene, and caring for family pets.” Furthermore, Quisenberry has held

jobs as a nurse’s aide and a caregiver until a physical ailment (a hernia) forced her to leave

employment that, as performed, “would be considered heavy, semi-skilled.”

       Uncontradicted evidence in the record also establishes that Quisenberry denied having

developmental delays, and that the claimant, despite having difficulty obtaining a GED and having

been placed in special education classes for comprehension issues, left school after the ninth grade,

not because of any intellectual shortcomings, but “because of stress and anxiety in the home. Me

being the oldest I felt responsible to be at home and I just didn’t go back the following year.”

       Additionally, in the explicit wording of the regulation, a disability based upon Listing

12.05C requires that “significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning with deficits in

adaptive functioning” be established by evidence of a “full scale IQ of 60 through 70” and other

physical or mental impairments.       Regardless of whether Quisenberry suffered from such

impairments that imposed additional, significant work-related limitations of function, substantial

evidence in the record supports the administrative law judge’s determination that “the claimant

does not have a valid verbal, performance, or full scale IQ of 60 through 70.”



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        Elaine Tripi, Ph.D., a licensed psychologist, did administer the Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Scale-III test to Quisenberry and noted that the results of the test indicated “a verbal IQ of 68

(extremely low); a performance IQ of 72 (borderline); giving her a full-scale IQ of 67 which places

her in the extremely low range of intelligence.” Nevertheless, Tripi documented that “[i]t was

quite apparent throughout the testing that Ms. Quisenberry lost focus and appeared tired,” and that

“[t]here were several tests that [Quisenberry] just gave up on because she could not focus and

concentrate.”

        Notably, the administrative law judge highlighted the fact that “Dr. Tripi did not expressly

state that she felt the claimant’s test scores could be considered a valid interpretation of her

intellectual functioning. Indeed, Dr. Tripi’s comments about the claimant’s testing performance

raises serious questions regarding the validity of the claimant’s test results.” Quisenberry argues

that “if the Full Scale IQ score would have been considered ‘invalid’ by Dr. Tripi, that fact would,

most likely, have been noted by Dr. Tripi.” Appellant’s Br. at 21. However, the applicable

regulation in effect at the time of the administrative law judge’s decision stated that “since the

results of intelligence tests are only part of the overall assessment, the narrative report that

accompanies the test results should comment on whether the IQ scores are considered valid and

consistent with the developmental history and the degree of functional limitation.” 20 C.F.R. Part

404, Subpart P, Appendix 1, § 12.00D.6.a. (Effective August 12, 2015, to May 23, 2016).

(Emphasis added.)3




         3
           Since March 14, 2018, 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1, § 12.00H.2.d. now provides, “We
generally presume that your obtained IQ score(s) is an accurate reflection of your general intellectual functioning
unless evidence in the record suggests otherwise. Examples of this evidence include: a statement from the test
administrator indicating that your obtained score is not an accurate reflection of your general intellectual
functioning . . . .” (Emphasis added.)

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No. 17-2408, Quisenberry v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.


       Furthermore, in assessing the claimant’s full-scale IQ, “[t]he regulations do not limit the

question of validity to test results alone in isolation from other factors,” and the results “must

reflect the plaintiff’s true abilities as demonstrated by his or her performance at work, household

management and social functioning.” Brown v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 948 F.2d 268,

269 (6th Cir. 1991). In view of the questions raised regarding the validity of Quisenberry’s test

results, Dr. Tripi’s failure to opine on the validity of those results, and the administrative law

judge’s reasonable evaluation of the medical record, we are constrained to find that substantial

evidence supports the decision of the administrative law judge that Quisenberry’s limitations did

not meet or equal an impairment listed in the applicable regulations. Quisenberry thus failed to

prove at step three that she was disabled, requiring us to proceed to the fourth step of the five-step

analytical framework.

       Can Quisenberry Perform Her Past Relevant Work?

       At that fourth step, the administrative law judge first must assess a claimant’s residual

functional capacity, which is defined as “the most [a claimant] can still do despite [her physical

and mental] limitations.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1545(a)(1); Combs v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 459 F.3d

640, 643 (6th Cir. 2006) (en banc). Once a claimant’s residual functional capacity has been

determined, the administrative law judge must decide whether the claimant can perform her “past

relevant work,” defined by the regulations as “work that [a claimant has] done within the past 15

years that was substantial gainful activity, and that lasted long enough for [a claimant] to learn to

do it.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1560(b)(1). If a claimant’s residual functional capacity allows her to

perform her past relevant work, she is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iv).




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No. 17-2408, Quisenberry v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.


       At the conclusion of the third administrative hearing in this matter, Administrative Law

Judge Blair stated:

       After careful consideration of the entire record, the undersigned finds that the
       claimant has the residual functional capacity to perform light work as defined in 20
       CFR 404.1567(b) and 416.967(b) except she cannot perform over the shoulder
       reaching. The claimant can also only frequently, as opposed to constantly, handle
       and finger. Furthermore, the claimant can never climb ladders, ropes, or scaffolds.
       The claimant must avoid concentrated exposure to wetness, humidity, fumes, odors,
       dusts, gases, and respiratory irritants. The claimant must also avoid all exposure to
       workplace hazards, including dangerous and unprotected machinery or work at
       unprotected heights. Additionally, the claimant is limited to performing simple,
       unskilled work with one, two, or three step instructions. The claimant cannot
       perform jobs that involve concentration on detailed/precision tasks or multi-
       tasking, reading, computing, calculating, or problem-solving. The claimant also
       cannot perform fast-paced production work or work in which the pace is set by
       others. Moreover, the claimant cannot perform work that requires contact with the
       general public.

The administrative law judge then explained that, in considering Quisenberry’s alleged limitations,

he first is required to determine “whether there is an underlying medically determinable physical

or mental impairment(s) . . . that could reasonably be expected to produce the claimant’s pain or

other symptoms.” If he can make such a determination, he then “must evaluate the intensity,

persistence, and limiting effects of the claimant’s symptoms to determine the extent to which they

limit the claimant’s functioning.” If the claimant’s “statements about the intensity, persistence, or

functionally limiting effects of pain or other symptoms are not substantiated by objective medical

evidence, the [administrative law judge] must make a finding on the credibility of the statements

based on a consideration of the entire case record.”

       Before this court, Quisenberry alleges that the administrative law judge formed his

residual-functional-capacity assessment of her without substantial evidence to support his

conclusion and without giving appropriate consideration and weight to opinions of doctors “who

either treated, evaluated, and/or reviewed medical records.” Appellant’s Br. at 24. Specifically,



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No. 17-2408, Quisenberry v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.


Quisenberry asserts that the administrative law judge failed to accord proper weight to the opinions

of Drs. Pamela Herringshaw, Elaine Tripi, Aaron Anderson, Dawn Gventer, and Paul Haduck.

               Pamela Herringshaw, Ph.D.

       Herringshaw evaluated Quisenberry on December 21, 2009, and obtained the claimant’s

personal history, a listing of her complaints, the treatments and medications she had received, and

an accounting of Quisenberry’s daily activities and social functioning.              After presenting

Quisenberry with various tests of memory, current knowledge, and abstract thinking, Herringshaw

concluded:

       Based on today’s examination and a review of records Mrs. Quisenberry has a long
       history of depression anxiety with panic attacks, substance abuse and dependency
       and has had many medical issues over the last few years. She exhibited limited
       intellectual abilities and had difficulty recalling facts and information about her life.
       Her overall functioning seems marginal. The prognosis for her return to productive
       employment seems fair to poor at this time.

       The administrative law judge, however, gave little weight to Herringshaw’s opinion for

numerous reasons. First, he noted that a doctor’s “statements that a claimant is ‘disabled’ or

‘unable to work,’ or the like, are not medical opinions but are administrative findings dispositive

of a case, which can never be entitled to controlling weight.” Indeed, 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(d)(1)

and (3) now provide explicitly that no special significance will be given to the source of an

opinion—such as whether a claimant is disabled or unable to work—reserved to the Commissioner

of Social Security. See also Bass v. McMahon, 499 F.3d 506, 511 (6th Cir. 2007) (recognizing

same in an earlier version of the applicable regulations).

       Second, the administrative law judge determined that Herringshaw’s opinions were

inconsistent with other record evidence. Specifically, the administrative law judge pointed to

testimony and records that indicated that Quisenberry felt that she was “stable on current meds and

wants to continue them,” and that she had no problems taking care of her personal needs,


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communicating her needs to others, understanding what others are saying, learning new skills,

walking or getting around, maintaining daily routines without assistance, or remaining under

emotional or behavioral control. Other records before the administrative law judge indicated that

Quisenberry was “[a]ble to participate in two way communication,” that she was “[c]alm,

appropriate, and cooperative,” that she could “follow simple commands,” had sound judgment,

effective coping mechanisms, a rational thought process, and appropriate mood, affect, and

behavior.

       Finally, the administrative law judge noted that Herringshaw’s opinion was “quite vague,

as she did not actually propose any specific functional limitations that would preclude the claimant

from returning to ‘productive employment.’” In short, therefore, the administrative law judge

relied upon substantial evidence in the record to justify his decision to give little weight to

Herringshaw’s opinion.

               Elaine Tripi, Ph.D.

       On December 21, 2010, exactly one year after Quisenberry was evaluated by Herringshaw,

the claimant met with Tripi “for purposes of evaluating her current intellectual functioning and

employability.” At that appointment, Tripi administered a battery of tests, including the Wechsler

Adult Intelligence Scale-III test. Tripi noted in her report that the results of those tests indicated

that Quisenberry had a full-scale IQ of 67, “which places her in the extremely low range of

intelligence,” and that “[s]he has depressed reading, spelling and math skills.”            Tripi then

concluded, “Considering the difficulties that [Quisenberry] is having from a physical standpoint,

coupled with her intellectual functioning, it is my professional opinion that she is not a viable

rehabilitation candidate. She is not able to sustain substantial, gainful work activity.”




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       Quisenberry now argues that such a report is compelling evidence of her disability. The

administrative law judge, however, accorded little weight to Tripi’s opinion. As he did when

discussing Herringshaw’s written report, the administrative law judge made clear that opinions

like Tripi’s that a claimant is unable to sustain substantial, gainful work activity are administrative

findings and not within the purview of a psychologist. Furthermore, Tripi’s opinion also failed to

consider other, inconsistent record evidence and, importantly, “fails to account for the testing

abnormalities in which she noted that the claimant appeared tired and lost focus such that ‘there

were several tests that she just gave up on because she could not focus and concentrate.’”

       The administrative law judge also stated that Tripi’s uncritical acceptance of Quisenberry’s

reports regarding the claimant’s physical condition “further reduces the reliability of Dr. Tripi’s

opinion.” Tripi, however, is a licensed psychologist, not a trained medical doctor capable of

assessing myriad physical ailments. Nevertheless, Tripi’s failure to vouch for the validity of the

administered tests, especially in light of the fact that Quisenberry appeared tired and unfocused, is

part and parcel of the substantial evidence in the record supporting the administrative law judge’s

decision regarding the weight to be given to Tripi’s opinion.

               Aaron Anderson, D.O.

       Anderson conducted a consultative examination of Quisenberry on March 23, 2013, and

concluded that Quisenberry had a history of anemia, which caused her to feel weak and tired, and

coronary artery disease, which resulted in chest pain, chest tightness, and palpitations.

Nevertheless, he concluded that the claimant could sit for eight hours during a workday, stand for

five hours, and walk for one hour. Although Anderson reported that lifting and reaching would be

difficult for Quisenberry, he noted that she still could lift and carry up to ten pounds frequently,

which is considered to be between one-third and two-thirds of a normal workday.



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       But Quisenberry asserts that Anderson determined that she could lift and carry up to ten

pounds only for one-third of a workday, a determination that corresponds to a finding that the

claimant was limited to only occasional exertion. Quisenberry thus claims that she was restricted

by the doctor to performing sedentary work, 20 C.F.R. § 404.1567(a), and that, combined with her

limited education, her severe, medically determinable impairments, her semi-skilled previous

work experience, and the fact that she was “closely approaching advanced age,” Rule 201.10 of

Table No. 1 found at 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 2 would require the administrative

law judge to find Quisenberry to be disabled. Appellant’s Br. at 30. However, because Anderson

clearly found that the claimant could lift and carry objects weighing up to ten pounds frequently—

rather than only occasionally—the finding of disability that Quisenberry seeks is not supported by

substantial evidence in the record.

       The administrative law judge accorded Anderson’s opinions partial weight because they

were supported by the medical evidence in the record as a whole and because Anderson was an

impartial expert who examined Quisenberry in person. The administrative law judge refused to

accord greater weight to Anderson’s opinions, however, because the doctor “seemed to uncritically

accept as true much of what the claimant reported,” even though “there exist good reasons for

questioning the reliability of the claimant’s subjective complaints.”

       Substantial evidence in the record supports the administrative law judge’s determination

of the weight to be given to Anderson’s findings. Moreover, assigning even greater weight to

Anderson’s opinions would not be of value to Quisenberry. Although Anderson did document the

claimant’s heart and blood disorders and the fact that she had a slightly elevated blood pressure

reading at the examination, the rest of his report described an individual who, on paper, appears

far from disabled. Specifically, Anderson noted that Quisenberry’s heart functions appeared



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No. 17-2408, Quisenberry v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.


normal, she had full range of motion in her joints, her grip strength was normal, she had full

dexterity in both hands, her “neuro” “[s]trength is 5/5 throughout,” her “[m]otor and sensory

function remained intact,” she was “awake, alert and oriented to person, place and time,” her

reflexes were “present and symmetrical,” she was not disoriented, she was not limited in the use

of foot controls, and she could shop, travel, ambulate without assistance, use public transportation,

climb steps using a single hand rail, cook, feed herself, care for her personal hygiene, and sort,

handle, or use paper or files. In short, Quisenberry’s application for disability benefits actually

was better served by the administrative law judge’s decision to accord only partial weight to

Anderson’s opinions.

               Dawn Gventer, Psy.D.

       Gventer evaluated Quisenberry on March 27, 2013, and concluded, in part, that the

claimant’s “depressed mood may impact her ability to work appropriately in a work related setting

and to relate to others.” Gventer also noted that Quisenberry’s memory, concentration, and fund

of knowledge were impaired, that the claimant demonstrated marked restrictions in her ability to

understand, remember, and carry out detailed instructions and in her ability to make judgments on

simple work-related decisions, and that she had moderate restrictions in her ability to understand,

remember, and carry out even short, simple instructions. Gventer thus stated the Quisenberry’s

“depressed mood and feeling overwhelmed when stressed will prevent work success.”

       Despite those conclusions, the administrative law judge decided to give “little weight to

Dr. Gventer’s opinion because it is inconsistent with the medical evidence and record as a whole,

including Dr. Gventer’s own narrative report and mental status examination findings, which do

not fully support the extent of limitation she proposed.” Quisenberry now argues that this decision




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No. 17-2408, Quisenberry v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.


by the administrative law judge is not supported by substantial evidence in the record and that

greater weight should be accorded Gventer’s opinions regarding the claimant’s disabilities.

       Although substantial evidence in the record indeed may support Gventer’s opinions,

substantial evidence also supports the administrative law judge’s determination that Gventer’s

conclusions were inconsistent with findings made in other portions of her report. For example,

Gventer suggests that Quisenberry’s depression may affect her ability to work and relate to others.

Yet, her report also notes that the claimant admitted that she feels that her Prozac prescription “is

working pretty well.” The report also concludes that Quisenberry would be able to manage any

benefit funds she receives, that the “prognosis for this claimant is fair,” and that she would have

no restrictions in interacting with the public, only slight restrictions in interacting appropriately

with superiors or co-workers and in responding to changes in a work setting, and only moderate

restrictions when responding to work pressures. Furthermore, Gventer noted that Quisenberry

“was oriented in all spheres” and that “she has appropriate judgment and insight,” thus directly

contradicting Gventer’s other finding that the claimant would have marked restrictions in making

judgments on simple work-related decisions.

               Paul Haduck, D.O.

       Finally, Quisenberry asserts that the administrative law judge failed to give appropriate

weight to the opinions of Haduck when determining the claimant’s residual functional capacity.

On July 13, 2009, Haduck prepared a fill-in-the-blank, form note addressed to “To Whom It May

Concern” that stated, in its entirety, “Kimberly Quisenberry was seen and treated in the office on

07-13-2009 and is unable to work/attend school. And may return to work/school on until further

notice.” Substantial evidence in the record supports the administrative law judge’s decision to

give little weight to Haduck’s opinion. First, the conclusion that Quisenberry is “unable to work”



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No. 17-2408, Quisenberry v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.


is one to be made by the administrative decision-maker, not by a medical expert. See Bass, 499

F.3d at 511. Second, as noted by the administrative law judge, not only is Haduck’s opinion

inconsistent with other evidence in the record concerning Quisenberry’s treatment, results of her

clinical tests, and her own reports of her daily activities, but “Dr. Haduck’s opinion is quite vague,

and does not actually describe any specific functional limitations that would preclude the claimant

from engaging in all work activity in perpetuity.”

       Substantial evidence in the record thus supports the administrative law judge’s conclusion

that Quisenberry retained the residual functional capacity to perform light work with the

restrictions noted in the administrative decision. Because Quisenberry’s previous jobs as an aide

and a caregiver were performed at a heavy or a medium-to-heavy exertional level, however, the

fact that she now was limited to light work mandated a conclusion that she is unable to perform

any past relevant work.

       Can Quisenberry Perform Any Jobs That Exist in the National Economy?

       At the fifth and final step of the sequential analysis to determine whether a claimant for

Social Security disability benefits is in fact disabled, the Commissioner must consider whether the

claimant’s residual functional capacity, age, education, and work experience would allow the

claimant to “make an adjustment to other work” that “exists in significant numbers in the national

economy.” 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a)(4)(v); 404.1560(c)(2). The Commissioner bears the burden

of proof at this final step, Combs, 459 F.3d at 643, and usually attempts to meet that burden through

the testimony of a vocational expert who is posed a hypothetical question crafted by the

administrative law judge.     In her final issue in this appeal, Quisenberry contends that the

administrative law judge “ignored the vocational expert’s opinion relative to the impact of multiple




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No. 17-2408, Quisenberry v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.


‘moderately severe limitations’ on plaintiff’s ability to perform light, unskilled jobs.” Appellant’s

Br. at 36-37.

       The administrative law judge posed the hypothetical question to the vocational expert in

this matter as follows:

       [A]ssume a hypothetical individual in the, in the mags [sic] of light work, should
       never use ladders, scaffolds or ropes; should avoid concentrated exposure to
       wetness, humidity, to fumes, odors, dusts, gases, and respiratory irritants; should
       do no over the shoulder reaching; may frequent[ly] but not constant[ly] . . . handl[e]
       and finger; should avoid exposure to hazards, including dangerous and unprotected
       machinery or work at unprotected heights; should have only simple, unskilled work,
       with one, two, or three-step instructions; no jobs involving concentration, no
       detailed or precision tasks, multi-tasking, or reading, computing, calculating or
       problem solving.

       Work which does not require contact with, with the general public and no fast-
       paced production work or work which is dictated – which the pace is dictated by
       others.

The administrative law judge then inquired whether such a hypothetical individual could perform

Quisenberry’s past work and whether a “hypothetical person of claimant’s vocational profile,

relative to age, education, and work history and the previously mentioned limitations” could

perform jobs existing in the regional or national economy in significant numbers.

       The vocational expert first responded that such an individual could not perform

Quisenberry’s past work because the hypothetical person was limited to unskilled work, and

Quisenberry’s prior positions were classified as semi-skilled employment. Nevertheless, the

vocational expert testified that the hypothetical person described by the administrative law judge

could perform a number of jobs: the approximately 46,000 hand-packager jobs in the United

States, including 2,300 such positions in Michigan; the approximately 42,500 assembly jobs in the

nation, 1,200 of which were in Michigan; and the approximately 20,000 tester/inspector jobs in

the country, 1,000 of which were in Michigan. In light of that testimony by the vocational expert,



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No. 17-2408, Quisenberry v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.


the administrative law judge concluded that Quisenberry could not be considered disabled so as to

receive Social Security disability benefits.

       Quisenberry now insists that the hypothetical question posed by the administrative law

judge did not include limitations noted by Ron Marshall, Ph.D., after his evaluation of the claimant.

Because the hypothetical question tracked the administrative law judge’s finding of Quisenberry’s

residual functional capacity, however, what the claimant actually is challenging in this allegation

of error is the failure of the residual-functional-capacity determination to include all limitations

referenced in Marshall’s report. Such a challenge is not appropriate during a step-five analysis.

See, e.g., Her v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 203 F.3d 388, 392 (6th Cir. 1999) (“To require the

Commissioner to prove a claimant’s [residual functional capacity] at step five is essentially to

partially shift the burden of proof required of a claimant at step four to the Commissioner.”).

       Even if this challenge had been raised at step four in an effort to revise the administrative

law judge’s residual-functional-capacity determination, substantial evidence in the record supports

the administrative law judge’s decision not to include in that determination additional moderate

limitations identified by Marshall. Marshall’s claim that Quisenberry is moderately limited in her

“ability to respond appropriately to changes in the work setting” is countered by Dawn Gventer’s

conclusion that the claimant has only a slight restriction in her ability to “[r]espond appropriately

to changes in a routine work setting.” Furthermore, Marshall’s opinion that Quisenberry is

moderately limited in her “ability to travel in unfamiliar places or use public transportation” is

countered by Aaron Anderson’s determination that the claimant can “use standard public

transportation.” All other moderate limitations noted by Marshall in his report are contradicted by

his own functional-capacity assessment in which he states that Quisenberry, “[r]etains ability to




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No. 17-2408, Quisenberry v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.


do rote tasks within medical limitations. Able to follow instructions. Able to work with others.

Limited intellectual ability precludes complex tasks.”

        An examination of Quisenberry’s challenge to exclusions from the hypothetical question—

even presuming that the challenge had been raised properly during the fourth step of the five-step

analysis—shows that substantial evidence in the record supports the determination of the

administrative law judge that jobs appropriate for Quisenberry’s skills and limitations exist in

significant numbers in the national and regional economies.         The record thus supports the

conclusion that Quisenberry is not disabled.

                                         CONCLUSION

        This case presents a close question. Were we left to our own devices, we likely would have

concluded that substantial evidence in the administrative record establishes Kimberly

Quisenberry’s entitlement to Social Security disability benefits and supplemental security income

benefits. Nevertheless, substantial evidence in the record also supports the conclusion reached by

the administrative law judge that Quisenberry is not disabled for Social Security purposes. In light

of well-established caselaw directing our decisional process in such a situation, we thus AFFIRM

the judgment of the district court. We note, however, that if Quisenberry’s condition worsens in

the future, she may have an opportunity to reapply for benefits, assuming that she otherwise meets

the applicable eligibility criteria.




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