                                    Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 79


                  ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                           DIVISION II
                                          No.CR-15-64

FRANCISCO REYES MEDLEY                               Opinion Delivered   February 10, 2016
                   APPELLANT
                                                     APPEAL FROM THE SALINE
V.                                                   COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
                                                     [NO. 63CR-13-554]

STATE OF ARKANSAS                                    HONORABLE GARY ARNOLD,
                                    APPELLEE         JUDGE

                                                     AFFIRMED



                           RAYMOND R. ABRAMSON, Judge

       Appellant Francisco Reyes Medley appeals from his conviction by the Saline County

Circuit Court on the offense of fleeing, a Class D felony. Medley’s sole point on appeal

challenges the sufficiency of the evidence. We affirm.

       At Medley’s August 26, 2014 bench trial, the State called one witness, Corporal Chris

Carter, of the Saline County Sheriff’s Office. Corporal Carter testified that around 8:00 a.m.

on July 25, 2013, he observed a blue Chevrolet S-10 pickup truck traveling north on Arch

Street in Saline County and that the driver (later identified as Medley) was not wearing a seat

belt. Corporal Carter stated that he then ran the truck’s license-plate number through

Arkansas Crime Information Center (ACIC) and was advised the truck had been stolen. He

initiated a traffic stop by activating his blue lights and siren. Corporal Carter testified that after

he activated his blue lights, the truck accelerated and exited the road on Arch Street into a
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Shell gas station parking lot, while maintaining its speed of 35–40 miles per hour. Corporal

Carter stated that there were numerous vehicles in the parking lot and that people were

outside their cars pumping gas. Corporal Carter testified that during the chase, he

remembered having to slow down and swerve to avoid two people who were pumping gas,

but that the truck never slowed down or even yielded despite the fact the blue lights and siren

were activated.

       Medley then continued across the intersection of West Saw Mill and North Arch

Street, which was, as Corporal Carter noted on the stand, “a fairly busy intersection at that

time of morning.” Eventually, the truck came to a stop, and Medley fled on foot. After a

300- to 500-yard foot chase, Medley surrendered and was taken into custody.

      After the State rested, defense counsel moved to dismiss on the felony fleeing charge,

arguing that the State failed to present sufficient evidence to establish that Medley was acting

under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life or that the

vehicle was operated in such a manner to create a substantial danger of death or serious

physical injury to another person. The trial court denied the motion. Medley was the sole

witness for the defense. After his testimony, the defense renewed its motion to dismiss. The

trial court again denied it.

       Medley’s sole argument on appeal is that there was insufficient evidence to convict

him of fleeing. He argues that the State failed to show that he operated a vehicle in a manner

that created a substantial danger of death or serious physical injury to another person.

       When a defendant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence in a criminal conviction,

we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict and consider only the
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evidence supporting it. Adkins v. State, 371 Ark. 159, 264 S.W.3d 523 (2007). This court will

affirm if the finding of guilt is supported by substantial evidence. Id. Substantial evidence is

evidence of such sufficient force and character that it will compel a conclusion with reasonable

certainty. Tennant v. State, 2015 Ark. App. 81. Circumstantial evidence may constitute

substantial evidence to support a conviction. Thornton v. State, 2014 Ark. 157, at 5, 433

S.W.3d 216, 219. To be substantial, circumstantial evidence must exclude every other

reasonable hypothesis than that of the guilt of the accused. Id. Such a determination is a

question of fact and is a matter for the circuit court and not this court to decide on appeal. Id.

A judge at a bench trial is free to believe all or part of any witness’s testimony and may resolve

issues of conflicting testimony and inconsistent evidence. Id.

       Arkansas Code Annotated section 5-54-125(d)(2) (Supp. 2015) provides as follows:

       (2) Fleeing by means of any vehicle or conveyance is considered a Class D felony if,
       under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life, a
       person purposely operates the vehicle or conveyance in such a manner that creates a
       substantial danger of death or serious physical injury to another person.

       In support of his argument, Medley cites to several cases in which Arkansas appellate

courts have upheld Class D felony fleeing convictions and argues that the facts surrounding

his flight from Corporal Carter were much less egregious. Although the cases Medley cites

list examples of conduct that constitute purposely driving in a manner that creates a substantial

danger of death or serious physical injury, that list is not exhaustive. As the State correctly

asserts, such conduct would be different, for example, when driving on an interstate than

when driving through the parking lot of a busy gas station. Medley accelerated the truck

when Corporal Carter activated his blue lights and continued at a high rate of speed through
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a busy gas station parking lot, past people who were standing outside of their vehicles

pumping gas. Medley did not stop and continued through a fairly busy intersection, eventually

fleeing on foot.

       Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, substantial evidence

supports Medley’s conviction. Accordingly, we affirm.

       Affirmed.

       GLADWIN, C.J., and BROWN, J., agree.

       Rosalyn A. Watts, P.A., by: Rosalyn A. Watts, for appellant.

       Leslie Rutledge, Att’y Gen., by: Kathryn Henry, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.




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