                                NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.




                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-4523-16T2

FRANK TROBIANO and
MANCHESTER
ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES,
LLC,

          Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

DANIEL L. BROWN and
MILLENNIUM DISPOSAL, LLC,

     Defendants-Respondents.
_________________________________

                    Argued May 23, 2018 – Decided September 17, 2018

                    Before Judges Koblitz and Suter.

                    On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                    Division, Bergen County, Docket No. L-2166-17.

                    Andrew T. Fede argued the cause for appellants (Archer
                    & Greiner, PC, attorneys; Andrew T. Fede, of counsel
                    and on the brief).

                    Respondents have not filed briefs.
      The opinion of the court was delivered by

SUTER, J.A.D.

      Plaintiffs Frank Trobiano and Manchester Environmental Services, LLC

(Manchester), appeal the May 12, 2017 order that denied their request to modify

the arbitration award to include reimbursement for attorney's fees and costs, and

the arbitrator's fees. We affirm the denial. The May 12, 2017 order also

confirmed a final arbitration award entered in favor of plaintiffs against

defendants Daniel L. Brown and Millennium Disposal, LLC (Millennium).

Plaintiffs do not appeal that portion of the order.

      Trobiano, the owner and manager of Manchester, and Brown, the owner

of Millennium, signed a membership interest purchase agreement (MPA) in July

2015, under which Brown agreed to sell his interest in Millennium for an interest

in Manchester. The sale was conditioned on obtaining approvals from the

Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) because Millennium was

engaged in solid waste collection, transportation and disposal.

       Plaintiffs claimed that defendants breached the MPA the following year

by presenting them with a "Termination and Mutual Agreement." Plaintiffs filed

an order to show cause and verified complaint to compel arbitration of this

dispute. The trial court entered an order compelling arbitration, which noted

defendants did not oppose arbitration.

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      An arbitration was conducted before a retired Superior Court judge, who

heard testimony from the parties' witnesses. The arbitrator issued a written

decision that awarded relief to plaintiffs. He concluded the MPA was a binding

agreement, defendants failed to provide information required for DEP's approval

of the MPA, and defendants breached the MPA.              The arbitrator awarded

plaintiffs $91,297 in damages, but excluded from that amount, rental expenses,

attorney's fees, costs and accounting expenses, "as there never was an agreement

that the [d]efendant[s] would share in th[o]se expenses." The arbitrator did not

award plaintiffs attorney's fees for the arbitration. He was "not satisfied that the

[d]efendants' position was not offered in good faith or without a reasonable basis

in law and fact."

      Plaintiffs asked the arbitrator to modify the award to include attorney's

fees and costs. They contended that subsection 5.6(c) of the MPA required an

award of attorney's fees. That subsection provided:

            (c) If it is determined by the arbitrator that one party
            was in default hereof or instituted (or defended) such
            arbitration proceeding not in good faith or without a
            reasonable basis in law or fact ("Defaulting Party"), the
            Defaulting Party shall bear the costs of the arbitration
            proceeding and pay to the other party or parties the
            reasonable attorney's fees and costs incurred in such
            proceeding, which amounts shall be separately
            determined by the arbitrator in such proceeding and
            become part of the amount of the arbitration award,


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                                         3
             payable by the Defaulting Party to the other party or
             parties.

      Plaintiffs argued that defendants "defaulted" under the MPA when they

breached the agreement and that this triggered the requirement to pay attorney's

fees. The arbitrator declined to modify the award, because he was "without

jurisdictional authority to 'clarify' [his] opinion."

      Plaintiffs then filed an order to show cause and verified complaint in the

Superior Court asking to confirm the final arbitration award "in the amount of

$91,297 plus interest at the judgment rate," and to modify it to include attorney's

fees and costs from the arbitration and the arbitrator's fees. Plaintiffs also

requested attorney's fees and costs related to the confirmation action.

      On May 12, 2017, the trial court confirmed the final arbitration award of

$91,297 plus interest, but denied plaintiffs' request for attorney's fees and costs.

The court found "no persuasive evidence demonstrating evident partiality,

corruption, fraud, or dishonesty in the '[a]rbitrator's handling of this matter.'"

The court stated that although plaintiffs did not agree with the "[a]rbitrator's

interpretation of the attorney's fees provision . . . that is not a basis on which

this court should modify the [a]ward."

      On appeal, plaintiffs contend the trial court erred by not modifying the

arbitration award to include attorney's fees and costs, arguing that payment of


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                                          4
their attorney's fees is required under the MPA. Plaintiffs assert the MPA's

reference in section 5.6(c) to a party "in default" is a fee-shifting provision that

requires an unsuccessful party to pay the attorney fees of a prevailing party.

Plaintiffs also seek attorney's fees and costs for their application to confirm and

modify the arbitration award.

      "'[A]rbitration . . . is a favored means of dispute resolution[,]' . . . [and]

[i]t is well-settled that New Jersey's strong public policy favors settlement of

disputes through arbitration." Curran v. Curran, 453 N.J. Super. 315, 320 (App.

Div. 2018) (quoting Minkowitz v. Israeli, 433 N.J. Super. 111, 131 (App. Div.

2013) (alterations in original) (other citations omitted)). The scope of judicial

review of an arbitration award is limited. Tretina Printing, Inc. v. Fitzpatrick &

Assocs., 135 N.J. 349, 358 (1994). An arbitrator's award "is entitled to a

presumption of validity." Twp. of Wyckoff v. PBA Local 261, 409 N.J. Super.

344, 354 (App. Div. 2009).

       An arbitrator may award reasonable attorney's fees and reasonable

expenses of arbitration "if such an award is authorized . . . by the agreement of

the parties to the arbitration proceeding." N.J.S.A. 2A:23B-21(b). The scope

of an arbitrator's authority is "limited by the agreement of the parties." Block v.

Plosia, 390 N.J. Super. 543, 555 (App. Div. 2007). The American Rule applies



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                                         5
where the contract does not expressly require fee-shifting. Rock Work, Inc. v.

Pulaski Const. Co. Inc., 396 N.J. Super. 344, 350-51 (App. Div. 2007).

      Under the New Jersey Arbitration Act (Arbitration Act), N.J.S.A.

2A:23B–1 to –32, an arbitration award can be modified or corrected by a court

in limited instances as follows:

            a. Upon filing a summary action within 120 days after
            the party receives notice of the award pursuant to
            section 19 of this act or within 120 days after the party
            receives notice of a modified or corrected award
            pursuant to section 20 of this act, the court shall modify
            or correct the award if:

            (1) there was an evident mathematical miscalculation
            or an evident mistake in the description of a person,
            thing, or property referred to in the award;

            (2) the arbitrator made an award on a claim not
            submitted to the arbitrator and the award may be
            corrected without affecting the merits of the decision
            upon the claims submitted; or

            (3) the award is imperfect in a matter of form not
            affecting the merits of the decision on the claims
            submitted.

            b. If an application made pursuant to subsection a. of
            this section is granted, the court shall modify or correct
            and confirm the award as modified or corrected.
            Otherwise, unless an application to vacate is pending,
            the court shall confirm the award.

            c. An application to modify or correct an award
            pursuant to this section may be joined with an
            application to vacate the award.

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                                        6
            [N.J.S.A. 2A:23B-24.]

"Notwithstanding the apparently broad scope of the court's powers to alter an

arbitrator's award as described in the statutory language, our courts have not

traditionally interpreted the statutory language broadly." Kimm v. Blisset LLC,

388 N.J. Super 14, 29 (App. Div. 2006) (citations omitted).

      We agree with the trial court that plaintiffs were not entitled to a

modification of the arbitration award. N.J.S.A. 2A:23B-24(a)(1) did not apply

because plaintiffs did not contend the arbitrator made an "evident mathematical

miscalculation or mistake in the description of a person, thing, or property

referred to in the award." Ibid. N.J.S.A. 2A:23B-24(a)(2) did not apply because

the issue of attorney's fees was submitted to the arbitrator. Plaintiffs' damages

claim included a request for pre-arbitration legal fees. They also acknowledged

the arbitrator could decide the amount of their requested fees , but not whether

they were entitled to fees. N.J.S.A. 2A:23B-24(a)(3) did not apply because

plaintiffs did not contend the award was "imperfect in a matter of form." Ibid.

Because part of the award by the arbitrator was the denial of plaintiffs' request

for fees, if the award were modified, as requested by plaintiffs, it would have

"affected the merits of the decision upon the claims submitted." Ibid. The trial




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                                        7
court did not err, therefore, by denying plaintiffs request to modify the

arbitration award because none of the statutory grounds applied.

      Plaintiffs contend the arbitrator exceeded his authority by denying the

requested fees. The arbitrator's construction is not without support within the

MPA. The MPA did not expressly provide that the party who "prevailed" in the

arbitration was entitled to fees. The MPA used the term "defaulting party,"

which plaintiffs have construed to mean the party that lost in the arbitration. If

that were so, however, there would be no need to define "defaulting party" as

one who lacks "good faith" or whose position lacks a "reasonable basis in law

or fact"; presumably such parties would not be successful in the arbitration,

making those portions of the paragraph redundant. Another subsection of the

MPA (Section 5.6 (g)) uses the term "unsuccessful party"; it does not use the

term "defaulting party." If a "defaulting party" is an "unsuccessful party," the

MPA could have simply used that term; use of "unsuccessful" raises doubt about

whether a defaulting party means an unsuccessful one.

      Plaintiffs argue the trial court should have awarded attorney's fees and

costs incurred in the summary action when it entered its order confirming the

arbitration award. N.J.S.A. 2A:23B-25(b) provides that "[a] court may allow

reasonable costs of the summary action and subsequent judicial proceedings."

An award of attorney's fees under N.J.S.A. 2A:23B-25(b) is discretionary rather

                                                                       A-4523-16T2
                                        8
than mandatory. We discern no abuse of discretion in the court's order not to

award attorney's fees.

      We are satisfied that the trial court did not err in denying plaintiffs' request

to modify the arbitration award to allow for payment of plaintiffs attorney's fees

or costs.

      Affirmed.




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