                                STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

                              SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS



State of West Virginia,                                                         FILED
Plaintiff Below, Respondent                                                     June 28, 2013
                                                                           RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
                                                                         SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
vs) No. 12-0838 (Ohio County 99-F-72)                                        OF WEST VIRGINIA


Shawn Pethel,
Defendant Below, Petitioner


                                 MEMORANDUM DECISION

       Petitioner’s pro se appeal arises from an order entered on June 21, 2012, in the Circuit
Court of Ohio County, wherein his motion to correct an illegal sentence was denied. The State,
by counsel Andrew Mendelson, filed a summary response, to which petitioner filed a reply.

       This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision is appropriate under Rule 21 of the Rules of Appellate
Procedure.

         In 2000, petitioner was sentenced to three definite terms of incarceration of ten years
each for his conviction on three counts of filming a minor engaged in sexually explicit conduct.
Petitioner was also sentenced to a term of incarceration of one to five years for his conviction of
conspiracy to film a minor engaged in sexually explicit conduct.1 Petitioner filed a direct
criminal appeal to this Court, which was unanimously refused on April 1, 2004. Thereafter,
petitioner filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus in circuit court, which was granted. The State
of West Virginia filed an appeal of the circuit court’s order granting petitioner habeas corpus
relief; this Court reversed the circuit court’s order and denied habeas relief. On March 12, 2012,
petitioner filed a pro se motion pursuant to Rule 35 of the West Virginia Rules of Criminal
Procedure to correct an illegal sentence in circuit court, which was denied. It is from this order
that petitioner appeals.

       By order entered on June 21, 2012, the circuit court denied respondent’s motion to
correct an illegal sentence pursuant to Rule 35(a) of the West Virginia Rules of Criminal
Procedure. The circuit court held that:

       1
          Though no relevant to this appeal, petitioner was also convicted of various other crimes
that resulted in an effective sentence of incarceration of not less than fifty-three years, nor more
than one hundred and fifty-five years.
                                                      1
­
       [a]fter reviewing [petitioner’s] Motion, the State’s response thereto, the
       applicable law and the Court file, the Court is satisfied that [petitioner’s] Motion
       to Correct and Illegal Sentence should be denied because the issues raised therein
       are not appropriately in a R. 35(a) Motion to Correct Sentence.

       A motion made pursuant to R. 35(a) of the West Virginia Rules of Criminal
       Procedure is meant to correct what is in reality a sentencing error, i.e. where a
       defendant’s sentence for a conviction results in more time than provided by the
       applicable statute, or where a defendant is not properly given credit for time
       served before trial. In the instant case, [petitioner’s] Motion does not seek to
       correct a sentencing error. . . . Such issues should have been raised during
       pretrial proceedings, on appeal or through a Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus.

        On appeal, petitioner argues that his sentences for filming a minor engaged in sexually
explicit conduct are unconstitutional and illegal because the title of Article 8C, Chapter 61 of the
West Virginia Code is styled “Filming of Sexually Explicit Conduct of Minors,” and he was
convicted of possessing digital files containing such material. Petitioner argues that article VI,
section 30 of the West Virginia Constitution states that “[n]o act hereafter passed shall embrace
more than one object, and that shall be expressed in the title. But if any object shall be embraced
in an act which is not so expressed, the act shall be void . . . .” According to petitioner, his
sentence is therefore illegal because the statute under which he was convicted prohibited only the
filming of such material using analog technology, not the filming of such material using digital
technology. Petitioner also argues that his sentence for conspiracy to commit the offense of
filming a minor engaged in sexual conduct is illegal because no minor was filmed and his co­
conspirator was charged pursuant to West Code § 61-8C-2(a). Finally, petitioner argues that a
Rule 35(a) motion pursuant to the West Virginia Rules of Criminal Procedure is the preferred
method to correct an illegal sentence, not a direct appeal.

This Court has stated that

       “In reviewing the findings of fact and conclusions of law of a circuit court
       concerning an order on a motion made under Rule 35 of the West Virginia Rules
       of Criminal Procedure, we apply a three-pronged standard of review. We review
       the decision on the Rule 35 motion under an abuse of discretion standard; the
       underlying facts are reviewed under a clearly erroneous standard; and questions of
       law and interpretations of statutes and rules are subject to a de novo review.”
       Syllabus Point 1, State v. Head, 198 W.Va. 298, 480 S.E.2d 507 (1996).

Syl. Pt. 3, State v. Eilola, 226 W.Va. 698, 704 S.E.2d 698 (2010). “Sentences imposed by the
trial court, if within statutory limits and if not based on some [im]permissible factor, are not
subject to appellate review.” Syl. Pt. 4, State v. Goodnight, 169 W.Va. 366, 287 S.E.2d 504
(1982). Rule 35(a) of the West Virginia Rules of Criminal Procedure provides that, “[t]he court
may correct an illegal sentence at any time and may correct a sentence imposed in an illegal
manner within the time period provided herein for the reduction of sentence.” Clear from this

                                                     2
­
language is the fact that the rule governs only illegal sentences or sentences imposed in an illegal
manner. The nature of petitioner’s argument is not that his is an illegal sentence or that his
sentence was imposed in an illegal manner. Upon our review, the Court finds no error in the
circuit court’s denial of petitioner’s motion Rule 35(a) motion because petitioner was properly
sentenced pursuant to each statute.

       For the foregoing reasons, we affirm.


                                                                                         Affirmed.

ISSUED: June 28, 2013

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Brent D. Benjamin
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Allen H. Loughry II




                                                     3
­
