                                NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.




                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-1434-18T4

ESTATE OF JENIFER S. TOWLE,

          Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

HUDSON COUNTY and HUDSON
COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF
CORRECTIONS,

          Defendants-Respondents,

and

CFG HEALTH SYSTEMS, LLC,

     Defendant.
_______________________________

                    Argued December 4, 2019 - Decided December 17, 2019

                    Before Judges Koblitz, Whipple and Mawla.

                    On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                    Division, Warren County and Hudson County, Docket
                    No. L-3091-18.

                    Daniel G. Marchese argued the cause for appellant
                    (Daniel G. Marchese, and Kaplan Williams Graffeo &
            Stern, LLC, attorneys; Daniel G. Marchese, of counsel;
            Kashif Taraq Chand, on the briefs).

            Thomas Anthony Morrone argued the cause for
            respondents (Chasan Lamparello Mallon & Cappuzzo,
            PC, attorneys; Thomas Anthony Morrone, of counsel;
            Thomas N. Zuppa, Jr. and Cindy N. Vogelman, on the
            briefs).

PER CURIAM

      Plaintiff Estate of Jennifer S. Towle appeals from an October 12, 2018

order denying its motion to file a late notice of tort claim against defendant

Hudson County. We affirm.

      Towle was confined to the Hudson County Correctional Facility, serving

a six-month sentence on a driving while intoxicated conviction. On July 14,

2017, she was found dead in her cell. On July 17, 2017, Towle's family met

with jail staff, who informed them her body was transported to the state medical

examiner for an autopsy. The State Registrar issued a death certificate on July

18, 2017, which stated the manner of death was "Pending Investigation." The

medical examiner informed Towle's family it would be months before an

autopsy report was issued.

      Prior to her death, Towle was diagnosed with depression and placed on

suicide watch while serving her sentence. The autopsy report was completed on

September 19, 2017. Defendant did not mail the report to the family until

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December 15, 2017. The report concluded Towle's death was a suicide. It noted

"an abundant amount of foreign material including Styrofoam, plastic,

condiment packets, milk cartons, drink cartons, paper, a Band-Aid, a plastic bag,

a cookie wrapper, an exam glove, and a nail clipper" were found in Towle's

stomach.    Separately, the Hudson County Board of Chosen Freeholders

appointed a medical review panel to examine the circumstances surrounding

Towle's and other inmate deaths. The Freeholder Board report was published

on January 12, 2018.

      One of Towle's sons was appointed administrator of her estate on April

16, 2018. The estate retained counsel the following day. Counsel served

defendant with a notice of tort claim on July 12, 2018. On July 16, 2018,

plaintiff filed a motion for leave to file a late notice of tort claim against

defendant pursuant to N.J.S.A. 59:8-9. One of Towle's sons certified that when

he received the autopsy report was the first time he received notice of any

potential wrongdoing involving his mother's death.       He asserted defendant

instituted an "information blackout" regarding his mother's death from July 14,

2017 to December 15, 2017, when defendant mailed the family a copy of the

autopsy report.




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                                       3
        The motion judge denied plaintiff's motion. The judge rejected plaintiff's

argument that it had an entire year from the day of Towle's death to move to file

a late notice of tort claim. He concluded once plaintiff was on notice of a cause

of action after it received the autopsy report, it should have moved to file a late

notice by March 2018. The judge also found the Freeholder Board report issued

in January 2018, was another opportunity for plaintiff to file its motion by April

2018.     He concluded plaintiff offered no explanation of the extraordinary

circumstances justifying the delay in filing until July 2018.

        We review an order granting or denying a motion for leave to file a late

notice of claim under the Tort Claims Act (TCA) for an abuse of discretion.

McDade v. Siazon, 208 N.J. 463, 476–77 (2011) (citing Lamb v. Glob. Landfill

Reclaiming, 111 N.J. 134, 146 (1988)). "Although deference will ordinarily be

given to the factual findings that undergird the trial court's decision, the court's

conclusions will be overturned if they were reached under a misconception of

the law." D.D. v. Univ. of Med. & Dentistry of N.J., 213 N.J. 130, 147 (2013)

(citing McDade, 208 N.J. at 473-74). In all cases, "a reviewing court should not

substitute its judgment if the trial court's ruling was within 'a range of acceptable

decisions.'" In re Kollman, 210 N.J. 557, 577 (2012) (citing Parish v. Parish,

412 N.J. Super. 39, 73 (App. Div. 2010)).


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                                         4
      "'The [TCA] modifies the doctrine of sovereign immunity' and sets forth

the parameters within which an aggrieved party may recover for the tortious acts

of public entities." O'Donnell v. N.J. Tpk. Auth., 236 N.J. 335, 344-45 (2019)

(quoting Feinberg v. State Dep't of Envtl. Prot., 137 N.J. 126, 133 (1994)).

Under the TCA, "immunity from tort liability is the general rule and liability is

the exception;" it "imposes strict requirements upon litigants seeking to file

claims against public entities." Id. at 345 (citations omitted).

      The TCA requires a claimant to serve a notice of claim upon a public

entity "not later than the [ninetieth] day after accrual of the cause of action."

N.J.S.A. 59:8-8. "In determining whether a notice of claim under N.J.S.A. 59:8-

8 has been timely filed, a sequential analysis must be undertaken." Beauchamp

v. Amedio, 164 N.J. 111, 118 (2000).

            The first task is always to determine when the claim
            accrued. The discovery rule is part and parcel of such
            an inquiry because it can toll the date of accrual. Once
            the date of accrual is ascertained, the next task is to
            determine whether a notice of claim was filed within
            [ninety] days. If not, the third task is to decide whether
            extraordinary circumstances exist justifying a late
            notice.

            [Id. at 118–19 (emphasis added).]

      Plaintiff argues defendant's "information blackout" "undoubtably

constitutes extraordinary circumstances under N.J.S.A. 59:8-9." It contends the

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                                        5
Supreme Court's holding in O'Donnell, which allowed a late claim to proceed

because a plaintiff "submit[ted] proofs beyond her attorney's error that, when

considered in their totality, demonstrate extraordinary circumstances," mandates

a reversal here. 236 N.J. at 350. Plaintiff argues the motion judge erroneously

interpreted N.J.S.A. 59:8-9 to require "show[ing] extraordinary circumstances

at all time[s] prior to its filing of the subject motion." Plaintiff asserts that once

a claimant makes the requisite showing to file a late notice, there is no

requirement it move quickly or reasonably soon after ninety days, other than to

file within one-year of the claim accrual.

      We do not reach plaintiff's arguments pursuant to N.J.S.A. 59:8-9 because

the issue before us is the statutory interpretation of N.J.S.A. 59:8-8 related to

the accrual of its cause of action. Plaintiff's cause of action accrued when it

received the autopsy report on December 15, 2017; at best, it accrued on January

12, 2018. It failed to explain why it did not file its notice within the prescribed

statutory ninety-day time period of either date. Plaintiff's remaining arguments

are without sufficient merit to warrant discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-

3(e)(1)(E).

      Affirmed.




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