J-A33044-15


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

ALLEN FEINGOLD,                         :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                        :          PENNSYLVANIA
                   Appellant            :
                                        :
                  v.                    :
                                        :
ELIZABETH BRODY AND MARJORIE S.         :
YELON,                                  :
                                        :    No. 828 EDA 2015
                       Appellees

             Appeal from the Order Entered February 18, 2015,
           in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County,
           Civil Division at No(s): No. 02877 January Term, 2015

BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., STABILE, and STRASSBURGER,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY STRASSBURGER, J.:                    FILED JANUARY 05, 2016

      Allen Feingold (Appellant) appeals pro se from an order dismissing his

complaint as frivolous pursuant to Pa.R.C.P. 240(j)(1). We affirm.

      On January 23, 2015, Appellant filed a motion to proceed in forma

pauperis along with a complaint against Elizabeth Brody, Marjorie S. Yelon

(collectively, Appellees), the Estate of Betty Sosin, and the Estate of Herman

Sosin.   In the complaint, Appellant alleged that Betty and Herman Sosin

retained Appellant to represent them pursuant to a contingency fee

agreement in litigation resulting from a 2005 elevator accident in which

Betty Sosin sustained serious personal injuries.    Complaint, 1/23/2015, at

¶¶7-10. According to the complaint, Appellant spent “hundreds of hours” on

the litigation; then, “[w]ith the permission of the Sosins,” Appellant




* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-A33044-15


transferred the case to his colleague, Elliott Tolan, Esquire. 1        Id. at

unnumbered page 3-4, ¶¶11-13; unnumbered page 4, ¶12.2

      Appellant further alleged that Attorney Tolan and the Sosins agreed

that Appellant “possessed a lien and a claim against the proceeds of the

Sosins’ litigation in the amount of the value of the work he had performed on

the claim prior to transferring the matter.” Id. at unnumbered page 4, ¶13.

However, both of the Sosins died prior to trial, Appellees were named

executrices of the estates, and Appellees refused to cooperate with regard to

the litigation. Id. at ¶¶15-16. As a result, the litigation was dismissed. Id.

at ¶17.     Based on the above, Appellant alleged counts of tortious

interference with contract, breach of fiduciary duty, and civil conspiracy,

seeking damages for what Appellant deemed Appellees’ “sabotage” of the

underlying litigation. Id. at ¶¶ 20-21, 25, 28.

      On February 18, 2015, the trial court dismissed Appellant’s complaint

as frivolous pursuant to Rule 240(j)(1), concluding that Appellant “fail[ed] to

state a claim for tortious interference with contract, lack[ed] standing to

pursue a claim for breach of fiduciary duty, and fail[ed] to state a claim for

civil conspiracy.”    Order, 2/18/2015.       Appellant filed a motion for




1
 Although not mentioned in the complaint, it is undisputed that the transfer
was spurred by Appellant’s disbarment.
2
  Due to an error in the numbering of paragraphs in the complaint, a
paragraph 12 and paragraph 13 appear on both unnumbered pages 3 and 4.


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reconsideration on March 11, 2015, and a notice of appeal on March 20,

2015.3

        On appeal, Appellant presents one issue for our consideration:

“Whether the trial court erred and/or abused its discretion in dismissing

[Appellant’s] complaint as frivolous and in denying leave to amend the

complaint?” Appellant’s Brief at 3.

        “Appellate review of a decision dismissing an action pursuant to

Pa.R.C.P. 240(j) is limited to a determination of whether an appellant’s

constitutional rights have been violated and whether the trial court abused

its discretion or committed an error of law.”          Bell v. Mayview State

Hospital, 853 A.2d 1058, 1060 (Pa. Super. 2004).

        Rule 240(j)(1) provides:

        If, simultaneous with the commencement of an action or
        proceeding or the taking of an appeal, a party has filed a petition
        for leave to proceed in forma pauperis, the court prior to acting
        upon the petition may dismiss the action, proceeding or appeal if
        the allegation of poverty is untrue or if it is satisfied that the
        action, proceeding or appeal is frivolous.

Pa.R.C.P. 240(j)(1).     As the note to Rule 240(j)(1) explains, “[a] frivolous

action or proceeding has been defined as one that ‘lacks an arguable basis

either in law or in fact.’”   Id. at Note (quoting Neitzke v. Williams, 490

U.S. 319 (1989)). Moreover, “an action is frivolous ‘if, on its face, it does

not set forth a valid cause of action.’” Bell, 853 A.2d at 1060 (quoting

McGriff v. Vidovich, 699 A.2d 797, 799 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1997)). “As we

3
    The trial court did not rule on the motion for reconsideration.


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review Appellant’s complaint for validity under Rule 240, we are mindful that

a pro se complaint should not be dismissed simply because it is not artfully

drafted.” Id.

      The trial court offered the following explanation for dismissing

Appellant’s complaint as frivolous.

             To establish a claim for tortious interference with contract,
      a plaintiff must allege 1) the existence of a contractual
      relationship between the plaintiff and a third party, 2) purposeful
      action on the part of defendant intended to harm the
      relationship, 3) the absence of privilege or justification, and 4)
      actual damages. S[t]oeckinger v. Presidential Fin. Corp. of
      Delaware Valley, 948 A.2d 828, 834 (Pa. Super. 2008).
      [Appellant’s] contractual relationship with the Sosins ended in
      2008 when he was disbarred and turned the file over to Attorney
      Tolan; thus, there was no contractual relationship between
      [Appellant] and the Sosins with which [Appellees] could have
      interfered. Even if [Appellant’s] disbarment did not terminate
      his contractual relationship with the Sosins, the contractual
      relationship terminated when the Sosins passed away.
      Assuming arguendo a contract existed, [Appellees’] decision not
      to pursue the litigation on behalf of the Sosins’ estates is not
      evidence of purposeful action intended to hurt the contractual
      relationship between [Appellant] and the Sosins.            As this
      Commonwealth’s appellate courts have made clear, it is the
      litigant’s decision whether to press forward with a case.
      Senyshyn v. Karlak, 299 A.2d 294, 296 (Pa. 1973); Austin J.
      Richards, Inc. v. McClafferty, 538 A.2d 11, 15-16 (Pa. Super.
      1988). Here, [Appellees], as the litigants, chose not to press
      forward with the Sosins’ case, and the Courts of this
      Commonwealth recognize this choice was theirs to make.
      Accordingly, [Appellant’s] claim for tortious interference with
      contract is frivolous because it lacks a reasonable basis in fact
      and law.

            [Appellant’s] breach of fiduciary duty claim fails because
      [Appellant] lacks standing to bring such a claim.         In his
      Complaint, [Appellant] alleges [Appellees], as executrices of
      Sosin’s estate, owed him, as a creditor, a fiduciary duty to
      maximize the value of the estate. Complaint at ¶¶ 23-24.


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J-A33044-15


      Contrary to his assertion, [Appellant] was not a creditor. As the
      factual allegations of [Appellant’s] Complaint make clear,
      [Appellant’s] lien and claim did not vest until there were
      proceeds from the litigation. See Complaint at [unnumbered
      page 4,] ¶ 13 (“Tolan and the Sosins agreed and acknowledged
      [Appellant] possesses a lien and claim against the proceeds of
      the Sosins’ litigation ….”)(Emphasis added). The Complaint also
      clearly alleges there were no proceeds from the litigation. See
      Complaint at ¶ 17 (“ … the Sosin[s’] litigation was dismissed.”).
      [Appellant’s] lien and claim did not vest because there were no
      proceeds of the litigation; therefore, [Appellant] is not a creditor
      of the Estate of Betty Sosin or the Estate of Herman Sosin.
      Since [Appellant] was not a creditor of the Estate of Betty Sosin
      or the Estate of Herman Sosin, [Appellees], the executrices of
      said estates, did not owe a fiduciary duty to [Appellant];
      [Appellant] lacks standing to bring a claim for breach of fiduciary
      duty.    Finally, [Appellant’s] conspiracy claim was properly
      dismissed because a conspiracy claim cannot exist independently
      of an underlying tort.[4] Here, [Appellant’s] tort claims were
      dismissed as frivolous; therefore, his conspiracy claim must also
      be dismissed as frivolous.

Trial Court Opinion, 3/27/2015, at unnumbered pages 2-4.

      The thrust of Appellant’s argument on appeal is as follows:

             Here, an examination of the averments in [Appellant’s]
      complaint reveals that the complaint does not meet the requisite
      standard of frivolity. [Appellant] specifically averred that there
      was a contractual agreement in place providing for [Appellant] to
      be paid for fees and costs he incurred in connection with the
      Sosin case. [Appellant’s] complaint further averred that the
      executrices of the estates intentionally interfered with his right
      to compensation and refused at the last minute to cooperate
      with the [underlying] litigation … . Although it is alleged that
      [Appellant’s] allegations lack some detail for our fact-pleading
      jurisdiction, [Appellant] has nevertheless pled a plausible claim
      for compensation that has an arguable basis in both fact and

4
  See Phillips v. Selig, 959 A.2d 420, 437 (Pa. Super. 2008) (quoting
McKeeman v. Corestates Bank, N.A., 751 A.2d 655, 660 (Pa. Super.
2000)) (setting forth the elements of a civil conspiracy claim and further
explaining that, “absent a civil cause of action for a particular act, there can
be no cause of action for civil conspiracy to commit that act”).


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J-A33044-15


      law, even on the current state of the record. At a minimum, he
      has made a sufficient showing of merit such that any perceived
      omission of factual detail is susceptible of cure through
      amendment. There is no record support for the trial court’s
      characterization of [Appellant’s] allegations as “frivolous.”

Appellant’s Brief at 9.

      The trial court dismissed Appellant’s complaint because it was

frivolous, in that the claims therein lacked an arguable basis either in law or

in fact. The trial court did not, as Appellant’s argument suggests, dismiss

the complaint on the basis that the claims therein were underdeveloped. In

merely summarizing the allegations in his complaint, baldly asserting that

his claims were not frivolous, and arguing that he should have been given an

opportunity to amend the complaint, Appellant fails to demonstrate how the

trial court’s frivolity determination requires reversal on the facts Appellant

did plead, let alone how a more specific amended complaint would enable

Appellant to state a claim cognizable under the law. 5 As such, Appellant has

not met his burden of convincing us that the trial court’s decision was

improper.    The York Grp., Inc. v. Yorktowne Caskets, Inc., 924 A.2d

1234, 1246 (Pa. Super. 2007) (“[T]he appealing party bears the burden of

establishing that the trial court’s decision is erroneous.”).   Accordingly, we

affirm the order of the trial court.

      Order affirmed.


5
   Indeed, Appellant fails to offer meaningful discussion of the legal
requirements of a prima facie case for any cause of action he attempted to
plead in his complaint.


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J-A33044-15




Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 1/5/2016




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