                                                                     SECOND DIVISION
                                                                     DECEMBER 23, 2008

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MARGUERITE WILLIAMS, Individually, and as Special                    )       Appeal from the
Administrator of the Estate of Jesse Williams, Deceased,             )       Circuit Court of
                                                                     )       Cook County.
                 Plaintiff-Appellee,                                 )
                                                                     )
       v.                                                            )
                                                                     )
RUSH-PRESBYTERIAN ST. LUKE’S MEDICAL CENTER,                         )
a Corporation, ANDEM E. EKPENYONG, THOMAS A.                         )
MASON, and ELIZABETH ALVIN,                                          )       No. 03 L 013889
                                                                     )
                 Defendants                                          )
                                                                     )
(Jenea Banks, as Mother and Natural Guardian of                      )
Jessica Williams, a Minor,                                           )       Honorable
                                                                     )       Henry R. Simmons,
                 Intervenor-Appellant).                              )       Judge Presiding.


       JUSTICE CUNNINGHAM delivered the opinion of the court:

       Intervenor-appellant Jenea Banks (Jenea), individually and as mother and natural guardian

of Jessica Williams (Jessica), a minor, appeals from the circuit court of Cook County’s determination

of the percentages of dependency to be allotted to decedent Jesse Williams’s surviving spouse,

Marguerite1 Williams (Marguerite), and his surviving minor daughter, Jessica. It was Marguerite

who, individually and as special administrator of the estate of the decedent, Jesse Williams (Jesse),

filed the wrongful death action which resulted in a monetary award. The division of that award by

court order of December 21, 2006, is now at issue. Jenea contends that the circuit court erred in

dividing the award, 65% to Marguerite and 35% to Jessica. Jenea contends that the division was

contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence and an abuse of discretion. It is her contention that

       1
           Also listed in the record as “Margarit.”
1-07-0928


the circuit court should have divided the award equally between Marguerite and Jessica, thereby

giving each a 50% share. She also contends that the circuit court erred in admitting an exhibit

relating to the life expectancy of the decedent. Finally, she asserts that the circuit court erred in

denying her motion for sanctions against Marguerite for failing to agree to a continuance which

caused Jenea to expend money to appear at a hearing which she believed to have been unnecessary.

We affirm the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County.

                                            BACKGROUND

        Jesse Williams died on June 3, 2002, at Chicago’s Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical

Center (Rush Hospital), where he was being treated for complications of sickle cell disease and

symptoms commonly termed sickle cell crisis.                Marguerite subsequently filed a medical

malpractice/wrongful death action against the hospital and some of its employees, alleging that their

medical malpractice resulted in Jesse’s death. Marguerite brought this action on her own behalf and

as special administrator of Jesse’s estate. On June 14, 2006, an order was entered by the circuit court

approving a settlement of $2.1 million in favor of Marguerite and Jesse’s estate. The order also

provided that percentages of dependency, which would control the distribution of this award, were

75% to Marguerite and 25% to Jessica. Jenea, as mother and natural guardian of Jessica, filed a

petition to intervene in the case. It is that petition that gave rise to the issue here. In her petition, she

sought a 50/50 apportionment of the settlement proceeds between Marguerite and Jessica. An

evidentiary hearing was held by the trial court on December 15, 2006. The record does not contain

a transcript of that hearing. Accordingly, the parties have stipulated to a statement of facts of the

hearing.

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       The facts as adduced from the stipulation are summarized in pertinent part as follows. Both

parties sought to have individual documents written by Dr. Martin H. Steinberg admitted into

evidence. Marguerite sought to have admitted a letter report by Dr. Steinberg, which stated, based

upon his expertise, that with proper treatment, Jesse would have survived “into the sixth or seventh

decade of life.” At the time the letter report was written, Dr. Steinberg was a professor of medicine

and pediatrics at Boston University School of Medicine, as well as the director of the school’s Center

of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease. Jenea sought admission of a treatise by Dr. Steinberg which

was entitled Mortality in Sickle Cell Disease: Life Expectancy and Risk Factors for Early Death.

In that treatise Dr. Steinberg gave the median age of death among male patients with sickle cell

anemia as 42 years. Marguerite and Jenea each objected to admission of each other’s documentary

evidence. The court overruled the objections and admitted both documents. The court also stated

that it would look at the documents and give them “whatever weight they deserved.”

       Marguerite testified to the following pertinent facts. She was Jesse’s widow, having married

him on May 15, 1998. They met in October 1994 and began dating in March 1995. She saw him

every day from that date until his death. They began living together in July 1997. They were never

separated after the date of their marriage. They had sexual relations two or three times a week. She

depended on Jesse for everything. He took care of the family, paid all the bills, and kept her

“balanced and alive.” At the time of his death on June 2, 2002, he was 36 years old and Marguerite

was 32 years old.

       Marguerite described a business owned by Jesse, called JMW, Inc. It was a trucking

company. She was its vice president, treasurer and secretary and kept its books. Before starting the

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business, the decedent had driven a truck for a Matteson, Illinois, trucking company. Marguerite’s

testimony was unclear regarding whether Jesse started the business in 1999 or 2001. Marguerite’s

parents loaned them $3,500 to buy a truck for the business. All the property was in her name.

Jesse’s income tax records, identified by Marguerite, listed his 1998 and 1999 W2 income as

approximately $22,000 and $42,000, respectively. Jesse’s gross corporate income for the years 2000,

2001 and 2002 was $71,000, $87,000, and $52,000, respectively.

       Marguerite and Jesse filed separate tax returns during their marriage. Marguerite worked for

the City of Chicago from June 1996 until September 2002, six months after Jesse’s death, when she

moved to Nevada. She worked for the Clark County School District in Nevada for nine months.

From October 2003 until her return to Chicago in September 2005 she lived with Darryl Carrouthers

in Nevada. Carrouthers helped her with household living expenses. The stipulated statement of facts

reveals no other information about the relationship between Marguerite and Carrouthers.

Marguerite’s tax returns showed adjusted gross income for 1998 through 2005 ranging from a high

of approximately $50,000 in 2003 to a low of approximately $18,000 in 2005. Because of a medical

disability, she received a monthly disability payment of $548. The only money she received after

Jesse’s death was life insurance proceeds of $50,000. The year of his death she also withdrew about

$17,000 from her pension plan. She identified exhibits establishing Jesse’s debts as $5,967 for

medical expenses, of which she had paid 10% at some point prior to the hearing, and $9,744.19 for

funeral expenses. Marguerite apparently paid most of the funeral expenses, as the trial court’s order

dividing the settlement proceeds reimbursed her for “funeral and monument expenses” of $9,054.19.

       Marguerite had two children who were not Jesse’s children, a 16-year-old daughter and a 13-

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year-old son. She received monthly total child support payments of $456 for them. In July 2006

Marguerite took a leave of absence from her $13-per-hour administrative assistant job because of

depression. She subsequently was unable to work and filed for chapter 7 bankruptcy in 2004. She

was discharged from that bankruptcy on February 8, 2006. Marguerite testified that it was hard for

her to survive after Jesse’s death. She sought medical treatment for depression and also suffered

from panic attacks.

       Marguerite testified that Jesse loved Jessica very much. Jessica would visit them during

summers and at Christmas. Jesse would take Jessica to the amusement park. However, she was

unaware that Jesse had visited Jessica at Jessica’s home in Champaign, Illinois.

       Jenea testified that she was Jessica’s mother and they lived in Champaign, Illinois. Jesse was

Jessica’s natural father. Jessica was born on June 15, 1995, in Chicago. Jesse was present at

Jessica’s birth and acknowledged that she was his child. Jenea and Jesse began their relationship

in 1992 and lived together from June of that year until March 4, 1998, when she moved to

Champaign with Jessica.2 According to Jenea, Jesse visited Jessica in Champaign and telephoned

her twice a week. When Jenea and Jessica moved to a second Champaign location in March 2002,

Jesse also visited Jessica at that address and telephoned her once a week. Jenea claimed that Jessica

and Jesse would “get together” on Jessica’s birthday and during Christmas, and on those occasions

Jesse would give Jessica presents. In addition, from September 1999 until June 2000, Jessica lived

with Jesse while attending school in Chicago. Jesse assisted in providing parental guidance to

       2
        The stipulated facts do not explain the discrepancy between Marguerite’s claim of living
with the decedent from July 1997 until his death in 2002, and Jenea’s claim that she lived with
him from June 1992 until March 1998.

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Jessica. He paid for clothes, shoes, school uniforms, pictures, toys, and a bicycle for Jessica.

Starting in 2002, Jesse wired $50 in child support to Jenea every two weeks.

       Jenea testified that she worked at Dollar General Corporation and lived paycheck to

paycheck, with no net worth. She identified a pay stub showing that she was earning gross pay of

about $260 per week. She received food stamps and also had a medical card for Jessica. She had

one other minor child and also had custody of her sister’s three children.

       Jessica, who was 11 years old at the time of the hearing, testified that she had attended the

funeral of her father, which made her very sad. She missed him. She recalled living with Jesse in

Chicago and also recalled that he visited her in Champaign. He would take her shopping and buy

her clothes. She also spoke to him on the telephone for 10 minutes at a time.

       Jesse’s sister, Jacqueline Williams, testified that she lived in Chicago and was close to Jesse.

They talked about Jessica, whom Jesse loved very much. Based on her observations of Jesse with

Jessica, they had a close and caring relationship. Jesse had been a loving and caring father toward

Jessica.

       Jesse’s cousin, Harold Raddle, testified that he too lived in Chicago and was like a brother

to Jesse. He was Jessica’s godfather and had observed Jesse and Jessica together. He had also

accompanied Jesse to Champaign to visit Jessica. It was his opinion that Jessica “meant everything”

to Jesse. Raddle testified that Jesse and Marguerite had verbal disputes as in any marriage. He liked

Marguerite and thought she was a good wife to Jesse. However, he also testified that Jesse never

told him that Marguerite was involved in Jesse’s trucking business.

       Jesse’s father also testified that Jesse never told him of Marguerite’s involvement in the

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trucking business. He had observed Jesse with Jessica and believed him to be involved in her life

from her birth until his death. Jesse was in constant contact with Jessica and always talked about

her.

       The trial court, in its oral decision, stated that it agreed with Marguerite’s position that a

relationship between a husband and wife was substantially different from one between a father and

daughter. The court also found that although decedent loved “everyone” in the case, he had more

day-to-day contact with Marguerite and slept with her every night. The court then fixed the

dependency of Marguerite at 65% and the dependency of Jessica at 35%. Prior to that division of

the settlement proceeds, Marguerite was to be reimbursed for funeral and monument expenses of

$9,054.19. In a subsequent written order, the trial court found that the net amount of the settlement

proceeds, after payment of funeral expenses, was $1,615,372.40. From this amount Marguerite was

to receive $1,049,922.06 and Jessica, as a minor, was to receive $565,380.34. This latter payment

was contingent upon the sum being paid only to a guardian appointed by the probate division of the

circuit court of Cook County or the circuit court where Jessica resides and only after the probate

division of the circuit court of Cook County or the circuit court in Jessica’ county of residence

approved a bond or other security for Jessica. This timely appeal ensued.

                                            ANALYSIS

       Dependency hearings are creatures of statute (740 ILCS 180/1 et seq. (West 2006)) in which

the trial court is given the responsibility of determining the relative dependencies of the parties.

Johnson v. Provena St. Therese Medical Center, 334 Ill. App. 3d 581, 588, 778 N.E.2d 298, 304

(2002). The standard of review is abuse of discretion. Adams v. Turner, 198 Ill. App. 3d 353, 356,

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555 N.E.2d 1040, 1042 (1990). We may reverse the trial court’s determination only if no reasonable

person could agree with it. In re Adoption of D., 317 Ill. App. 3d 155, 160, 739 N.E.2d 109, 113

(2000). The statute does not define the term “dependency.” However, case law establishes that the

term connotes, in part, the support obtained by a party from a previously existing relationship with

the deceased, although other factors are also relevant. Johnson, 334 Ill. App. 3d at 592, 778 N.E.2d

at 307. Also at issue is a calculation of the loss of society by the parties, which includes the

“‘companionship, guidance, advice, love, and affection’” formerly offered by the decedent.

(Emphasis omitted.) Bullard v. Barnes, 102 Ill. 2d 505, 514, 468 N.E.2d 1228, 1232 (1984), quoting

Hall v. Gillens, 13 Ill. 2d 26, 31, ___ N.E.2d ___ (1958); see Singh v. Air Illinois, Inc., 165 Ill. App.

3d 923, 933, 520 N.E.2d 852, 858 (1988). When one of the parties is the widow of the deceased or

a direct descendant, there is a presumption that they have sustained a substantial pecuniary loss

(Cooper v. Chicago Transit Authority, 153 Ill. App. 3d 511, 519, 505 N.E.2d 1239, 1243 (1987);

Ferraro v. Augustine, 45 Ill. App. 2d 295, 300, 196 N.E.2d 16, 19 (1964)). This presumption applies

to both parties in this case.

        In reaching its decision regarding apportionment of the settlement proceeds, the trial court

placed great emphasis upon the unique relationship between spouses. It also noted that Marguerite

and Jesse had shared each other’s company much more than Jesse and Jessica. Marguerite’s

standard of living while she and Jesse were married far exceeded that of Jenea and Jessica. In light

of these factors and the applicable standard, we find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s

determination of the relative dependencies and commensurate apportionment of the settlement

proceeds between Marguerite and Jessica. Therefore we will not disturb that finding.

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       Jenea claims that the trial court erred in its admission of Dr. Steinberg’s letter, which stated

his opinion that with proper medical care, Jesse could have lived into his sixties or seventies. Jenea

fails to explain what prejudice arose from the admission of the document. The trial court stated only

that it would consider the written documents submitted by both parties and give them appropriate

weight. In determining pecuniary losses sustained as a result of a death, courts may consider the age

of the deceased at the time of his death, his life expectancy, and the life expectancies of his widow

and next of kin. Baird v. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R.R.Co., 63 Ill. 2d 463, 471-72, 349 N.E.2d

413, 417 (1976). The stipulated statement of facts reveals no other evidence concerning life

expectancies. Further, Jenea does not explain the relevance of such evidence or the lack thereof as

it relates to her claim. We find no error or prejudice in the admission of the evidence in question.

       Finally, we find no merit to Jenea’s claim that the trial court should have granted her motion

for sanctions against Marguerite for “forcing” Jenea to undertake a trip to Chicago from Champaign

for a hearing on Jenea’s motion for reconsideration. The record establishes that Jenea did not

establish a hearing date or briefing schedule for her motion. Marguerite then asked the trial court

to set a briefing schedule and a hearing date. Jenea contends that Marguerite’s motion was

unnecessary. Jenea cannot seek sanctions for what was clearly appropriate procedural activity by

Marguerite. Accordingly we find no merit to this contention.

       For the reasons set forth above, the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County is affirmed.

       Affirmed.

       KARNEZIS, P.J., and SOUTH, J., concur.



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