Filed 10/14/15; pub. order 10/20/15 (see end of opn.)




                   COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                               DIVISION ONE

                                        STATE OF CALIFORNIA



BARRY S. JAMESON,                                            D066793

        Plaintiff and Appellant,

        v.                                                   (Super. Ct. No. GIS9465)

TADDESE DESTA,

        Defendant and Respondent.


        APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Joel M.

Pressman, Judge. Affirmed.

        Barry S. Jameson, in pro. per., for Plaintiff and Appellant.

        La Follette, Johnson, De Haas, Fessler, & Ames, James J. Wallace II, Russell M.

Mortyn, and David J. Ozeran for Defendant and Respondent.

                                                        I.

                                              INTRODUCTION

        In 2002, Barry S. Jameson filed a complaint against Dr. Taddesse Desta asserting

numerous claims stemming from Desta's allegedly negligent medical treatment of
Jameson's hepatitis while Jameson was incarcerated at the Richard J. Donovan

Correctional Facility (Donovan). In three separate prior appeals, this court reversed

judgments in favor of Desta, and remanded the matter for further proceedings. (See

Jameson v. Desta (2013) 215 Cal.App.4th 1144 (Jameson III), Jameson v. Desta (2009)

179 Cal.App.4th 672 (Jameson II), and Jameson v. Desta (July 2, 2007, D047824) opn.

mod. July 26, 2007 [nonpub. opn.] (Jameson I).)

       On remand from Jameson III, Jameson filed a motion for summary judgment

and/or adjudication. The trial court denied the motion in its entirety and set the matter for

trial. After the parties provided opening statements at an unreported jury trial, Desta

orally moved for nonsuit. The trial court granted the motion and entered judgment in

favor of Desta.

       On appeal, Jameson contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion for

summary judgment, and in granting Desta's motion for nonsuit. Jameson also claims that

the trial court erred in failing to have the trial proceedings recorded by a court reporter.

Jameson further claims that the trial court displayed bias and prejudice throughout the

proceedings and that the court's rulings denied him a fair trial. Finally, Jameson

maintains that the trial court's cumulative errors resulted in a denial of due process.

       We conclude that the trial court properly denied Jameson's motion for summary

judgment and/or adjudication because Jameson did not establish that he is entitled to

judgment as a matter of law on any of his claims. We also conclude that the trial court

did not err in failing to have the trial proceedings recorded by a court reporter. In

                                              2
addition, we conclude that Jameson cannot demonstrate that the trial court erred in

granting Desta's motion for nonsuit, because the record on appeal does not contain a

reporter's transcript. Finally, we reject Jameson's contentions that the trial court

displayed bias or prejudice throughout the proceedings and that the cumulative error

doctrine requires reversal. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment.1

       This court is fully aware that Jameson's incarceration and his financial

circumstances have made it difficult for him to pursue his claims in court.2 This case

aptly demonstrates that civil justice is not free. While this court is sympathetic to the

plight of litigants like Jameson whose incarceration and/or financial circumstances

present such challenges, the rules of appellate procedure and substantive law mandate

that we affirm the judgment in this case.3




1       Approximately one week prior to the commencement of the jury trial, Desta filed a
motion to dismiss on the ground that Jameson had failed to bring the matter to trial within
five years, as required under Code of Civil Procedure section 583.310. The court took
the issue under submission. After the parties presented opening statements, the court
granted both the motion for nonsuit and the motion to dismiss. In light of our affirmance
of the judgment on the ground that Jameson has failed to demonstrate that the court erred
in granting the motion for nonsuit, we need not address whether the trial court properly
granted Desta's motion to dismiss.

2      Expert witness fees and court reporter fees are among the expenses that Jameson
asserts he was unable to bear due to his indigence.

3       Jameson also contends that in the event the matter is remanded, evidence of his
prior felony conviction should be excluded at trial, certain motions in limine should be
reconsidered or denied, and a change of venue granted. In light of our affirmance of the
judgment, we need not consider these contentions.
                                             3
                                                     II.

                     FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

A.     The operative allegations in Jameson's complaint4

       In April 2002, Jameson filed a complaint alleging eight causes of action, including

breach of fiduciary duty (lack of informed consent); professional negligence; general

negligence; failure to train; battery; violation of civil rights; intentional infliction of

emotional distress; and violation of due process against a number of defendants including

Desta and officials of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation

(Department).5 Jameson's claims of breach of fiduciary duty and professional negligence

against Desta are the sole remaining causes of action and the only claims at issue in this

appeal.

       In his complaint, Jameson alleged that he had been suffering from hepatitis and

that Desta negligently prescribed interferon for Jameson while Jameson was incarcerated

at Donovan and Desta was performing services as a physician for the Department.

Jameson further alleged that the interferon caused him to suffer serious physical injuries,

including irreversible damage to his eyesight. With respect to his breach of fiduciary

duty claim, Jameson alleged in part:

           "Desta breached his fiduciary duty as a doctor when he started [Jameson] on Alpha-2B
           Interferon, when [Jameson] had no detectable viral count. [The Department's] written


4     Our description of this portion of the factual and procedural background is drawn
from our opinion in Jameson III.

5      Desta is the only respondent in this appeal.
                                             4
          policy . . . clearly states if a person has a viral count that does not exceed 3,499, a person
          is not to be given interferon treatment. Moreover, such treatment is to be reviewed every
          six (6) months to review whether such treatment should be continued. . . . Desta simply
          continued [Jameson] on treatment [Jameson] should never have been on with deliberate
          indifference and a reckless disregard for the rights[,] health and safety of [Jameson],
          causing irreparable injury. . . . This second six months aggravated the injuries to
          [Jameson] unnecessarily.

          "Desta held a position of trust with [Jameson], causing [Jameson] to rely on Desta's
          statements and recommendation that [Jameson] begin treatment and stay on it. It is only
          through [Jameson's] research of his own medical file and hepatitis literature that even as a
          layman he easily discovered the mistaken or malicious prescription by Desta that resulted
          in such damage." (Jameson III, supra, 215 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1150-1151.)

       On his professional negligence cause of action, Jameson alleged that Desta had

been "professionally negligent in his treatment of [Jameson], and there existed a

physician-patient relationship." (Jameson III, supra, 215 Cal.App.4th at p. 1151.)

Jameson also alleged the following:

          "Due to Desta's professional negligence and failure to exercise the proper degree of
          knowledge and skill in diagnosing, treating and monitoring any such treatment,
          [Jameson] suffered and suffers extreme migraine headaches, vision loss, weight loss,
          depression and severe emotional duress. [Jameson] suffered such due to Desta ordering
          that [Jameson] take interferon treatment that [Jameson] did not need and local regulations
          precluded or excluded [Jameson] from taking. [Jameson] and Desta shared a position of
          trust, and Desta acted in the capacity of a 'specialist' in the field of [h]epatology.

          "[Jameson's] liver condition never showed what is called a 'viral count,' and at all times
          relevant to this matter, [Jameson's] viral count was undetectable. Therefore, [Jameson]
          should have never been subjected to what amounted to cancer treatment and all the
          suffering that is attached thereto." (Id. at p. 1151.)

B.     Proceedings on remand from Jameson III

       In November 2013, on remand from Jameson III in which this court reversed the

trial court's granting of summary judgment in favor of Desta, Jameson filed a motion for

summary judgment and/or adjudication on the two remaining claims in the action, breach

of fiduciary duty and professional negligence. The trial court denied the motion in its




                                                        5
entirety. In its order denying the motion, the court indicated that there were numerous

triable issues of fact and that "this case should proceed to trial."

       In April 2014, the trial court commenced a jury trial. After the parties presented

opening statements at the unreported jury trial, Desta orally moved for nonsuit. The trial

court granted the motion for nonsuit and entered judgment in favor of Desta. Jameson

timely appeals.

                                              III.

                                        DISCUSSION

A.     The trial court properly denied Jameson's motion for summary judgment and/or
       summary adjudication

       Jameson claims that the trial court erred in denying his motion for summary

judgment and/or adjudication.




                                               6
       1.     Governing law

       " 'A motion for summary judgment shall be granted when "all the papers

submitted show that there is no triable issue as to any material fact and that the moving

party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law." [Citation.] . . . A summary

adjudication is properly granted only if a motion therefor completely disposes of a cause

of action, an affirmative defense, a claim for damages, or an issue of duty. [Citation.]

Motions for summary adjudication proceed in all procedural respects as a motion for

summary judgment.' " (Jameson III, supra, 215 Cal.App.4th at p. 1163.)

       On appeal, the reviewing court makes " 'an independent assessment of the

correctness of the trial court's ruling, applying the same legal standard as the trial court in

determining whether there are any genuine issues of material fact or whether the moving

party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.' " (Trop v. Sony Pictures Entertainment,

Inc. (2005) 129 Cal.App.4th 1133, 1143, quoting Iverson v. Muroc Unified School Dist.

(1995) 32 Cal.App.4th 218, 222–223.)

       2.     Factual and procedural background

       As noted above, in November 2013, Jameson filed a motion for summary

judgment and/or adjudication. In his brief in support of the motion, Jameson contended

that undisputed evidence demonstrated that Desta treated Jameson for hepatitis after

Jameson was already cured, that Desta was professionally negligent and breached his

fiduciary duty to Jameson in the manner by which he treated Jameson, and that Desta

caused Jameson to suffer damages. Jameson claimed that he was therefore entitled to

                                               7
judgment as a matter of law on his breach of fiduciary duty and professional negligence

causes of action.

       In the alternative, Jameson requested that the trial court grant summary

adjudication with respect to several "issues," including whether Desta failed to inform

Jameson of treatment options, whether Desta breached his fiduciary duty to Jameson,

whether Desta had been professionally negligent, and whether newly discovered evidence

and "law of the case" demonstrated that Desta caused Jameson to suffer damages.6

       Desta filed an opposition in which he contended that the trial court should deny

the motion for summary judgment and/or adjudication for several reasons, including that

there were numerous issues of material fact.

       After further briefing, the trial court denied Jameson's motion in its entirety.

Among the numerous grounds upon which the court denied the motion was the

following:

          "As to the request for summary judgment, the Court first notes that [Jameson] has not
          established with evidence damages and thus summary judgment would not be proper in
          any event. As to the 'issues' identified for adjudication, the Court further notes that
          [Jameson] is seeking adjudication of 'issues' and not 'causes of action' as required under



6      Jameson phrased the issues as follows: "[T]here is no admissible evidence to
defend plaintiff Jameson's claim defendant Desta failed to inform of treatment options";
"there is no admissible evidence nor defense against plaintiff's claim defendant Desta
violated his fiduciary duty by subjecting plaintiff Jameson to six unnecessary months of
interferon injections"; "there is no admissible evidence nor defense against plaintiff
Jameson's claim that defendant Desta was professionally negligent when he subjected
Jameson to six unnecessary months of interferon injections"; and "the documentary
evidence Jameson obtained after the recent dismissal in the superior court . . . and the law
of the case doctrine clearly show defendant Desta caused and contributed to plaintiff
Jameson's damages."
                                              8
            [Code of Civil Procedure section] 437c, [subdivision] (f). Summary adjudication must
            completely dispose of a cause of action or defense."

       3.       Application

       We begin our analysis by examining the allegations in Jameson's complaint. (See

Sherman v. Hennessy Industries, Inc. (2015) 237 Cal.App.4th 1133, 1138 [first step in an

appellate court's review of a summary judgment is "identifying the issues framed by the

complaint"].) In his breach of fiduciary duty claim, Jameson alleged that Desta's actions

caused "pain, suffering, emotional distress, and impairment of enjoyment of life to

[Jameson]." Similarly, in his professional negligence cause of action Jameson contended

that Desta caused him "pain, suffering, and emotional distress for no medical reason."

Damages are an essential element of both breach of fiduciary duty and professional

negligence. (See Jameson III, supra, 215 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1164, 1166 [outlining

elements].) Thus, in order to be entitled to summary adjudication of either cause of

action, Jameson was required to establish as a matter of law the amount of damages to

which he was entitled. (Paramount Petroleum Corp. v. Superior Court (2014) 227

Cal.App.4th 226, 243 ["summary judgment or adjudication improper where amount of

damages raises factual issue" (italics added)].)

       Jameson did not attempt to establish the amount of damages to which he was

entitled with respect to either his breach of fiduciary duty or professional negligence




                                                      9
causes of action in his motion for summary judgment and/or adjudication.7 Jameson

therefore failed to establish, as a matter of law, this element of his claims, as would be

required in order for the trial court to grant him summary adjudication on either cause of

action. (See Paramount Petroleum Corp. v. Superior Court, supra, 227 Cal.App.4th at p.

243.) Thus, Jameson was not entitled to summary judgment or summary adjudication

with respect to either his breach of fiduciary duty cause of action or his professional

negligence cause of action. In addition, to the extent the "issues" as to which Jameson

sought adjudication were distinct from these two causes of action, Jameson was not

entitled to summary adjudication with respect to such issues because these issues would

not " 'completely dispose[] of a cause of action, an affirmative defense, a claim for

damages, or an issue of duty.' " (Jameson III, supra, 215 Cal.App.4th at p. 1163.)

       Jameson contends that the trial court should have granted his motion for summary

judgment and/or adjudication because Desta failed to file proper responsive opposition

papers to the motion. This argument is unpersuasive because Jameson did not carry his


7       As noted in the text, with respect to both his breach of fiduciary duty and
professional negligence causes of action, Jameson sought noneconomic damages for pain
and suffering. In light of the nature of these damages, it is highly doubtful that any
plaintiff could establish as a matter of law the amount of noneconomic damages to which
he or she was entitled. "The amount of noneconomic damages to award for pain and
suffering is a subjective determination that is particularly within the discretion of the
jury." (Rayii v. Gatica (2013) 218 Cal.App.4th 1402, 1416, italics added; see also
Capelouto v. Kaiser Foundation Hospitals (1972) 7 Cal.3d at 889, 893 [noneconomic
damages "represent[] a detriment which can be translated into monetary loss only with
great difficulty," and "the issue generally must be resolved by the 'impartial conscience
and judgment of jurors who may be expected to act reasonably, intelligently and in
harmony with the evidence' " (italics added)].)
                                               10
initial burden of demonstrating that he was entitled to summary judgment or summary

adjudication. Any deficiencies in Desta's opposition papers were therefore immaterial.

(See, e.g., Thatcher v. Lucky Stores, Inc. (2000) 79 Cal.App.4th 1081, 1086 [trial court

may not grant unopposed motion for summary judgment "without first determining that

the moving party has met its initial burden of proof"].)

       Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court properly denied Jameson's motion for

summary judgment and/or summary adjudication.

B.     The trial court did not err in failing to have the trial proceedings recorded by a
       court reporter

       Jameson contends that the trial court erred in failing to have the trial proceedings

recorded by a court reporter.

       1.       Factual and procedural background

       At a hearing 10 days prior to the commencement of the jury trial, the trial court

informed the parties that "the Court no longer provides a court reporter for civil trials,

and that parties have to provide their own reporters for trial."8

       The jury trial was not reported and there is no indication in the record that either

party sought to provide a court reporter for the trial.

       2.       Governing law

       Government Code section 68086 provides in relevant part:

            "The following provisions apply in superior court:

            "(a) In addition to any other fee required in civil actions or cases:

8      We quote from the minute order for the hearing.
                                           11
           (1) For each proceeding anticipated to last one hour or less, a fee of thirty dollars ($30)
           shall be charged for the reasonable cost of the court reporting services provided at the
           expense of the court by an official court reporter pursuant to Section 269 of the Code of
           Civil Procedure.

           "[¶] . . . [¶]

           (2) For each proceeding lasting more than one hour, a fee equal to the actual cost of
           providing that service shall be charged per one-half day of services to the parties, on a
           pro rata basis, for the services of an official court reporter on the first and each
           succeeding judicial day those services are provided pursuant to Section 269 of the Code
           of Civil Procedure.

           "[¶] . . . [¶]

           "(b) The fee shall be waived for a person who has been granted a fee waiver under
           Section 68631.

           "(c) The costs for the services of the official court reporter shall be recoverable as taxable
           costs by the prevailing party as otherwise provided by law.

           "(d) The Judicial Council shall adopt rules to ensure all of the following:

           "(1) That parties are given adequate and timely notice of the availability of an official
           court reporter.

           "(2) That if an official court reporter is not available, a party may arrange for the
           presence of a certified shorthand reporter to serve as an official pro tempore reporter,
           the costs therefor recoverable as provided in subdivision (c).

           "(3) That if the services of an official pro tempore reporter are utilized pursuant to
           paragraph (2), no other charge shall be made to the parties." (Italics added.)

        California Rules of Court, rule 2.956, contains provisions governing notice

concerning the availability of official court reporters.9 Rule 2.956 provides in relevant

part:


9       All subsequent rules references are to the California Rules of Court.

        Rule 2.956 provides in relevant part:

           "(b) Notice of availability; parties' request

           "(1) Local policy to be adopted and posted[:] Each trial court must adopt and post in the
           clerk's office a local policy enumerating the departments in which the services of official
           court reporters are normally available, and the departments in which the services of
                                                           12
            "(c) Party may procure reporter[:] If the services of an official court reporter are not
            available for a hearing or trial in a civil case, a party may arrange for the presence of a
            certified shorthand reporter to serve as an official pro tempore reporter. It is that party's
            responsibility to pay the reporter's fee for attendance at the proceedings, but the expense
            may be recoverable as part of the costs, as provided by law." (Italics added.)

       3.       Application

       Government Code section 68086 and rule 2.956 clearly indicate that an official

court reporter may not be available for a case. The statute and the rule further provide

that, to the extent an official court reporter is unavailable, a party may arrange for the

presence of a court reporter and that the costs of paying such reporter may potentially be

recoverable by the prevailing party.

       In this case, the record indicates that the trial court informed the parties of the

unavailability of an official court reporter 10 days prior to the commencement of the jury

trial. Further, there is nothing in the record indicating that Jameson attempted to "arrange



            official court reporters are not normally available during regular court hours. If the
            services of official court reporters are normally available in a department only for certain
            types of matters, those matters must be identified in the policy.

            "(2) Publication of policy[:] The court must publish its policy in a newspaper if one is
            published in the county. Instead of publishing the policy, the court may:

            "(A) Send each party a copy of the policy at least 10 days before any hearing is held in a
            case; or

            "(B) Adopt the policy as a local rule.

            "(3) Requests for official court reporter for civil trials and notices to parties[:] Unless
            the court's policy states that all courtrooms normally have the services of official court
            reporters available for civil trials, the court must require that each party file a statement
            before the trial date indicating whether the party requests the presence of an official court
            reporter. If a party requests the presence of an official court reporter and it appears that
            none will be available, the clerk must notify the party of that fact as soon as possible
            before the trial. If the services of official court reporters are normally available in all
            courtrooms, the clerk must notify the parties to a civil trial as soon as possible if it
            appears that those services will not be available."
                                                         13
for the presence of a certified shorthand reporter to serve as an official pro tempore

reporter." (Gov. Code, § 68086; rule 2.956.) Therefore, the trial court did not err in

failing to have the proceedings transcribed by a court reporter.

          Jameson appears to suggest that the trial court failed to inform him in a timely

manner of the unavailability of a court reporter. We reject this argument because

Jameson presents no argument that the trial court failed to comply with rule 2.956

governing notice of the unavailability of an official court reporter.10 Further, the record

indicates that the court informed Jameson of this fact 10 days prior to the commencement

of the jury trial and Jameson presents no argument this was an insufficient amount of

notice.

          Jameson also appears to suggest that the trial court erred in failing to provide a

court reporter because he had obtained a fee waiver pursuant to Government Code

section 68631. Government Code section 68086, subdivision (b) provides that the

official court reporter fee will be waived for a person who has been granted a fee waiver

pursuant to Government Code section 68631. The statute does not mandate that a trial




10      Specifically, Jameson does not claim that the trial court erred in failing to "require
that each party file a statement before the trial date indicating whether the party requests
the presence of an official court reporter." (Rule 2.956(b).) Further, Jameson does not
contend that the court's provision of 10 days' notice concerning the unavailability of an
official court reporter failed to comply with the requirement that the " the clerk . . . notify
the party of [the unavailability of an official court reporter] as soon as possible before the
trial." (Ibid.)

                                                14
court provide indigent litigants with court reporter services where no official court

reporter is provided by the court, as was true in this case.

       Further, rule 2.956 states that it is a "party's responsibility to pay the reporter's fee"

where an official court reporter is not provided by the court. In addition, San Diego

Superior Court policy provides that "Official court reporters are not normally available in

civil . . . matters" (italics added), and states that, "[p]arties, including those with fee

waivers, are responsible for all fees and costs related to court reporter services" where an

official court reporter is not provided by the court. (Italics added.) (See

<http://www.sdcourt.ca.gov/portal/pageid=55,1839949&_dad=portal&_schema=

PORTAL> [as of Oct. 2, 2015].)11 Thus, Jameson's fee waiver did not mandate that the

trial court provide him with the services of a court reporter free of charge. Accordingly,

we conclude that the trial court did not err in failing to have the trial proceedings

recorded by a court reporter.

C.     Jameson has failed to demonstrate that the trial court erred in granting Desta's
       motion for nonsuit

       Jameson contends that the trial court erred in granting Desta's motion for nonsuit.

       1.      Factual and procedural background




11      The Superior Court of San Diego County, Local Rule 5.1.8 provides that "The
court's policy regarding the availability and unavailability of official court reporters can
be read in full on the court's [Web] site."

                                               15
       According to a minute order in the respondent's appendix, after the parties

presented opening statements, Desta made a motion for nonsuit. The minute order

indicates that the trial court granted the motion, as follows:

            "The court . . . GRANTS the non-suit . . . . Mr. Jameson did not establish causation in his
            opening statement. The court allowed all of [Jameson's] exhibits into evidence as
            requested. The court finds that Mr. Jameson did not have an expert available. [¶] The
            Court finds that it's clear that the plaintiff cannot establish [a] causal connection between
            [the] treatment [of] Dr. Desta and alleged damages. [¶] The Court states that [Jameson]
            had not established [that] Dr. Cooper was unavailable and even in the deposition Dr.
            Cooper gave no opinion on causation or damages.[12] It is clear, that no matter how far
            the Court allowed [Jameson] to go in trial that he could not overcome these issues. The
            court GRANTS the non-suit on all causes of action. [¶] The Court finds that there is no
            basis upon which a jury could find for [Jameson]: [¶] . . . [¶] That [Jameson] has not
            presented any evidence that a jury could find for [Jameson] that Dr. Desta did not meet
            the standard of care and causal damage to [Jameson]; nor breached any fiduciary duty."

       2.       Governing law

       "A defendant is entitled to a nonsuit if the trial court determines that, as a matter of

law, the evidence presented by plaintiff is insufficient to permit a jury to find in his

favor." (Nally v. Grace Community Church (1988) 47 Cal.3d 278, 291.) A defendant




12      Jameson offered a declaration from Dr. Allen D. Cooper in support of his motion
for summary judgment. Desta offered excerpts of Dr. Cooper's deposition in support of
his motion for summary judgment. (See Jameson III, supra, 215 Cal.App.4th at pp.
1157-1160.) In Jameson III, this court stated that Dr. Cooper's deposition testimony
concerning causation and damages was "ambiguous" and rejected Desta's contention that
he was entitled to summary judgment on the ground that the excerpts from the deposition
conclusively established that Dr. Cooper had no opinion as to causation and damages.
(Ibid.) However, the Jameson III court did not state that Dr. Cooper's deposition in fact
contained opinions as to causation and damages sufficient to establish Jameson's claims.
(Ibid.)

                                                        16
may move for nonsuit after the plaintiff's opening statement or at the close of the

plaintiff's evidence. (Code Civ. Proc., § 581c, subdivision (a).)13

        An appellant who fails to provide a reporter's transcript on appeal is precluded

"from raising any evidentiary issues on appeal." (Hodges v. Mark (1996) 49 Cal.App.4th

651, 657.) Because an order granting a nonsuit is dependent on a review of the evidence

to be presented at trial, an appellant cannot obtain reversal of such order in the absence of

a reporter's transcript. (Ibid. ["Since the reversal of a nonsuit requires the review of the

evidence presented to the trial court, and a reporter's transcript was not provided, we do

not reach the merits of [appellant's] claim"].)

        3.     Application

        As noted previously, the record on appeal does not contain a reporter's transcript.

Jameson is therefore precluded from obtaining a reversal of the trial court's ruling

granting Desta's motion for nonsuit. (See Hodges v. Mark, supra, 49 Cal.App.4th at p.

657.)

        While Jameson raises several arguments in support of reversal of the nonsuit,

including contentions concerning the availability of Dr. Cooper, whether the trial court

erred in failing to take judicial notice of this court's prior opinions in this case, whether

the trial court erred in excluding Dr. Cooper's declaration and deposition, whether the


13      Code of Civil Procedure section 581c, subdivision (a) provides in relevant part:
"Only after, and not before, the plaintiff has completed his or her opening statement, or
after the presentation of his or her evidence in a trial by jury, the defendant . . . may move
for a judgment of nonsuit."
                                              17
trial court erred in precluding Jameson from relying on Desta's expert, whether the

doctrine of res ipsa loquitor applies in this case, and whether the trial court improperly

refused to consider jury instructions setting forth Jameson's theories of the case, none of

these contentions is cognizable in the absence of a reporter's transcript.

       Jameson also suggests that the trial court did not grant Desta's motion for nonsuit

as to Jameson's "failure to inform claim." The minute order states that the trial court

granted the motion as to "all causes of action." Thus, Jameson is not entitled to "proceed

on the failure to inform claim."

       Accordingly, we conclude that Jameson has failed to demonstrate that the trial

court erred in granting Desta's motion for nonsuit.

D.     The record does not indicate that the trial court displayed bias or prejudice
       throughout the proceedings

       Jameson contends that the trial judge displayed bias and prejudice throughout the

proceedings, and that this resulted in his being denied a fair trial. Although it not entirely

clear from his brief, Jameson appears to contend that the trial judge erred in denying

Jameson's motion to disqualify the judge pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure section

170.1 and that the judge's rulings violated his due process right to an impartial judge.

       1.     Governing law

              a.     Review of a trial court's ruling on a motion to disqualify is not
                     cognizable on appeal

       Code of Civil Procedure section 170.3, subdivision (d) provides in relevant part:



                                             18
            "The determination of the question of the disqualification of a judge is not an appealable
            order and may be reviewed only by a writ of mandate from the appropriate court of
            appeal sought only by the parties to the proceeding."

       In People v. Panah (2005) 35 Cal.4th 395 (Panah), the Supreme Court reiterated

that Code of Civil Procedure section 170.3, subdivision (d) provides the exclusive

method by which a party may seek appellate review of a judicial disqualification motion:

"As we have repeatedly held, the statute means what it says: Code of Civil Procedure

section 170.3, subdivision (d) provides the exclusive means for seeking review of a ruling

on a challenge to a judge, whether the challenge is for cause or peremptory." (Panah,

supra, at p. 444.)

       2.       A party may claim on appeal that a trial judge violated the party's right to
                an impartial judge

       "[N]otwithstanding the exclusive-remedy provision of Code of Civil Procedure

section 170.3, 'a [party] may assert on appeal a claim of denial of the due process right to

an impartial judge.' " (Panah, supra, 35 Cal.4th at p. 445, fn. 16.) "The Due Process

Clause entitles a person to an impartial and disinterested tribunal in both civil and

criminal cases." (Marshall v. Jerrico, Inc. (1980) 446 U.S. 238, 242.)

       3.       Application

       Jameson appears to contend that the trial judge erred in denying his October 2013

motion to disqualify the trial judge pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure section 170.1.

This claim is not cognizable on appeal. (Panah, supra, 35 Cal.4th at pp. 444-445.)

       Jameson also appears to claim that the trial judge violated his due process right to

an impartial judge by repeatedly ruling against Jameson with respect to various motions,
                                                        19
including a May 2013 motion for change of venue, an October 2013 motion for judgment

on the pleadings, and the motion for summary judgment or adjudication addressed in part

III.A., ante. "The mere fact that the trial court issued rulings adverse to [Jameson] on

several matters in this case, even assuming one or more of those rulings were erroneous,

does not indicate an appearance of bias, much less demonstrate actual bias. (See

Blakemore v. Superior Court (2005) 129 Cal.App.4th 36, 59–60 . . . ['While we conclude

the court erred in several respects, the leap from erroneous rulings to the appearance of

bias is one we decline to make.'].)" (Brown v. American Bicycle Group, LLC (2014) 224

Cal.App.4th 665, 674.)

       In any event, Jameson has not demonstrated that the trial court erred in denying

any of the motions. With respect to the motion for a change of venue, a trial court has

discretion in determining whether to grant such a motion (see, e.g., Ford Motor Credit

Co. v. Superior Court (1996) 50 Cal.App.4th 306, 308), and there is nothing in either

Jameson's brief or in the record demonstrating that the court abused its discretion in

denying the motion.14 The motion for judgment on the pleadings that Jameson

references in his brief is clearly without merit because Jameson failed to demonstrate that

Desta's answer did "not state facts sufficient to constitute a defense to the complaint," as

would be required in order for Jameson to be entitled to judgment on the pleadings.

(Code Civ. Proc., § 438, subd. (c)(1)(A).) Finally, the motion for summary judgment

14     "An order granting or denying a motion to transfer venue is reviewable only by
petition for writ of mandate." (K.R.L. Partnership v. Superior Court (2004) 120
Cal.App.4th 490, 496, fn. 6.)
                                            20
and/or adjudication was also clearly without merit for the reasons stated in part III.A.,

ante.

        We have carefully reviewed the record and conclude that it does not indicate that

the trial court displayed bias or prejudice against Jameson. Accordingly, we reject

Jameson's contention that the trial court violated his right to an impartial judge.

E.      The cumulative error doctrine does not apply

        Jameson contends that the trial court's cumulative errors denied him due process

and a fair trial. "Under the 'cumulative error' doctrine, errors that are individually

harmless may nevertheless have a cumulative effect that is prejudicial." (In re

Avena (1996) 12 Cal.4th 694, 772, fn. 32.) In light of our conclusion that Jameson has

not demonstrated any individual errors, the cumulative error doctrine does not apply.

(See, e.g., Jiagbogu v. Mercedes-Benz USA (2004) 118 Cal.App.4th 1235, 1246 ["Since

there is no error in these individual rulings, there is, of course, no cumulative error"].)

                                             IV.

                                       DISPOSITION

        The judgment is affirmed. Desta is entitled to recover costs on appeal.



                                                                         AARON, J.

WE CONCUR:

NARES, Acting P. J.

McDONALD, J.

                                              21
Filed 10/20/15
                            CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION

                 COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                      DIVISION ONE

                                   STATE OF CALIFORNIA



BARRY S. JAMESON,                                  D066793

        Plaintiff and Appellant,

        v.                                         (Super. Ct. No. GIS9465)

TADDESE DESTA,                                     ORDER CERTIFYING OPINION
                                                   FOR PUBLICATION
        Defendant and Respondent.



THE COURT:

        The opinion filed October 14, 2015, is ordered certified for publication.



                                                                NARES, Acting P. J.

Copies to: All parties
