                 United States Court of Appeals
                             For the Eighth Circuit
                         ___________________________

                                 No. 13-3771
                         ___________________________

                              United States of America

                        lllllllllllllllllllll Plaintiff - Appellee

                                           v.

                                  Xavion Omoware

                       lllllllllllllllllllll Defendant - Appellant
                                       ____________

                     Appeal from United States District Court
                 for the Eastern District of Arkansas - Little Rock
                                  ____________

                              Submitted: May 23, 2014
                               Filed: August 5, 2014
                                  ____________

Before RILEY, Chief Judge, MELLOY and SHEPHERD, Circuit Judges.
                              ____________

MELLOY, Circuit Judge.

       Xavion Omoware pleaded guilty to being a felon in possession of a firearm, see
18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). His total offense level under the United States Sentencing
Guidelines was 17, and he had a criminal history category of VI, which together
created an advisory Guidelines range of 51–63 months. The presentence
investigation identified no factors that might warrant a departure from the range.
After hearing arguments from both sides, the district court1 imposed a sentence of 72
months imprisonment, three years supervised release, and a $100.00 special
assessment. Mr. Omoware's counsel objected at the hearing to any sentence above
63 months, asserting that neither she nor Mr. Omoware received advance notice "of
an upward departure" from his Guidelines range. For this reason, here on appeal, Mr.
Omoware contends that his sentence is procedurally flawed and that he should be
resentenced. We affirm.

      Because the issue in this case is whether Mr. Omoware and his counsel
received proper notice of the district court's intent to depart from the advisory
Guidelines range, we exercise de novo review. See United States v. Levine, 477 F.3d
596, 606 (8th Cir. 2007).

      Under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32(h),

             Before the court may depart from the applicable sentencing
             range on a ground not identified for departure either in the
             presentence report or in a party's prehearing submission,
             the court must give the parties reasonable notice that it is
             contemplating such a departure. The notice must specify
             any ground on which the court is contemplating a
             departure.

However, Rule 32(h) notice "'is not required when the adjustment to the sentence is
effected by a variance, rather than by a departure.'" Levine, 477 F.3d at 606 (quoting
United States v. Long Soldier, 431 F.3d 1120, 1122 (8th Cir. 2005)); United States
v. Moore, 683 F.3d 927, 931 (8th Cir. 2012) ("Rule 32(h) applies only to departures
and not to variances."). "'Departure' is a term of art under the Guidelines and refers
only to non-Guidelines sentences imposed under the framework set out in the

      1
       The Honorable Brian S. Miller, Chief Judge, United States District Court for
the Eastern District of Arkansas.

                                         -2-
Guidelines." Irizarry v. United States, 553 U.S. 708, 714 (2008); United States v.
Mireles, 617 F.3d 1009, 1012 n.2 (8th Cir. 2010). In contrast, a "variance" is a non-
Guidelines sentence based on the § 3553(a) statutory sentencing factors. See 18
U.S.C. § 3553(a) ("The court shall impose a sentence sufficient, but not greater than
necessary, to [achieve Congressional purposes of sentencing].").

      In this case, the district court imposed a variance and not a departure. After
correctly calculating Mr. Omoware's advisory Guidelines range, the judge asked Mr.
Omoware's counsel whether she "want[ed] to make a statement with regard to
mitigation," or if she wanted to "confine [her] statements to 3553(a) factors and
variance." Mr. Omoware's counsel replied, "3553(a)." She then proceeded to tether
her arguments to the § 3553(a) factors, which means she was advocating for a
downward variance for Mr. Omoware, not for a traditional Guidelines-based
departure. See United States v . Washington, 515 F.3d 861, 866 (8th Cir. 2008)
(examining the record to determine whether the district court varied or departed from
the Guidelines range).

       Further, after considering Mr. Omoware's arguments, as well as the
government's responses, the district judge discussed several § 3553(a) factors before
imposing his sentence. He discussed the nature and circumstances of the offense, see,
e.g., Sentencing Hearing Transcript at 19–20 (discussing the events that led to Mr.
Omoware's arrest); the history and characteristics of Mr. Omoware, see, e.g., id. at 22
("[T]his is your third felon in possession charge."); and the need for the court to
choose a sentence that promotes respect for the law, reflects the seriousness of the
offense, provides adequate deterrence, and protects the public from future crimes that
may be committed by Mr. Omoware. See generally id. at 27–34. Lastly, in his
statement of reasons, the district judge expressly indicated that he had imposed a non-
Guidelines sentence based on his consideration of the § 3553 factors, not based on
any departure from Mr. Omoware's Guidelines range.



                                         -3-
     For these reasons, we reject Mr. Omoware's argument that he was entitled to
advance notice before the district court imposed a sentence outside his advisory-
Guidelines range. The judgment is affirmed.
                     ______________________________




                                       -4-
