                           COURT OF CHANCERY
                                 OF THE
                           STATE OF DELAWARE
MORGAN T. ZURN                                              LEONARD L. WILLIAMS JUSTICE CENTER
VICE CHANCELLOR                                                500 N. KING STREET, SUITE 11400
                                                              WILMINGTON, DELAWARE 19801-3734


                                 October 29, 2018

Seth J. Reidenberg, Esquire                Jacqueline A. Lardani
Tybout, Redfearn & Pell                    James A. Lardani
740 Shipyard Drive, Suite 400              3050 NE 48th Street, #301
Wilmington, DE 19899                       Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308

      Re:   IMO John P. Arot Estate; Arot v. Lardani
            C.A. No. 12915-VCZ

Dear Counsel and Litigants:

      Plaintiff Marc N. Arot, as the successor administrator of the estate of John P.

Arot, filed his complaint on November 17, 2016. That Complaint named two

defendants, Jacqueline A. Lardani and James A. Lardani. The action has not

advanced in the nearly two years since. Each side blames the other. Pending before

me is the plaintiff’s motion for default judgment. The defendants oppose, arguing

they were never served. I deny the plaintiff’s motion for the reasons described

below.
C.A. No. 12915-VCZ
October 29, 2018
Page 2

    I.     Background

         John P. Arot (“Decedent”) died testate on December 17, 2013.1 Defendant

James A. Lardani practiced law in Philadelphia and drafted Decedent’s will.2

Decedent’s will named Defendant Jacqueline A. Lardani as the executrix of

Decedent’s estate.3 Jacqueline4 petitioned for, and the Register of Wills for New

Castle County issued, letters testamentary identifying Jacqueline as the executrix.5

Jacqueline is no longer the executrix. While the parties dispute why, that dispute is

beyond the scope of this letter.

         While serving as executrix, Jacqueline provided the Register of Wills a

Philadelphia address, on Calvert Street.6 In February 2016, in her final filing with

the Register of Wills, Jacqueline crossed out the Calvert Street address and replaced

it with an address in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.7 In that filing, Jacqueline also

changed her state of residence from Pennsylvania to Florida.8


1
   Compl. ¶ 1.
2
   Id.
3
   Id. ¶ 2.
4
  Because two defendants share the same last name, I use first names in pursuit of clarity.
I intend no familiarity or disrespect.
5
   Id. ¶ 3.
6
   In the Matter of John P. Arot, 157742 RR, Docket Items (“D.I.”) 3, 7, 9, 11. Because
the Register of Wills is a Clerk of the Court of Chancery, filings with the Register of
Wills are subject to judicial notice. See 12 Del. C. § 2501; Del. R. Evid. 202(d)(1)(C).
7
   In the Matter of John P. Arot, 157742 RR, Renunciation Form, filed Feb. 19, 2016.
8
   Id.
C.A. No. 12915-VCZ
October 29, 2018
Page 3

      Arot filed this action on November 17, 2016, seeking to recover an

approximately $70,000 debt that Jacqueline supposedly owes to Decedent’s estate.9

Arot then obtained several summonses and tried to serve them. Arot’s motion

focuses on summonses Arot purports to have served in May and June 2017, and so

this letter addresses only those attempts at service.10

      Noting he had “been unsuccessful in serving the Complaint on the

Defendants,” Arot requested a summons on April 5, 2017, to serve on the Register

of Wills pursuant to 12 Del. C. § 1506.11 Arot served those papers on the Register

of Wills on May 23, 2017.12 Two days later, the Register of Wills sent a letter to

Jacqueline at the Calvert Street, Philadelphia address she had originally provided,

not the subsequent Fort Lauderdale address.13 As for James, Arot claims he served

him by certified mail on June 2, 2017, under 10 Del. C. § 3104.14 There is no record

showing either defendant signed for any of these mailings.

      Arot filed his motion for default judgment on December 6, 2017. The

defendants responded on December 27, 2017. Arot did not file a reply. After I



9
   Compl. ¶¶ 13, 14-49.
10
   Memorandum of Law in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for Default Judgment Against
Defendants (“Mot.”), ¶¶ 2-3.
11
   D.I. 5.
12
   D.I. 10.
13
   In the Matter of John P. Arot, 157742 RR, D.I. 24.
14
   Mot. ¶ 3.
C.A. No. 12915-VCZ
October 29, 2018
Page 4

requested a status update in July, I received a letter from Arot, and two letters from

the defendants, addressing the service issues that have become the focus of the

parties’ arguments on Arot’s motion.

II.       Analysis

      The defendants never appeared, pled, or otherwise defended against the

Complaint.15 Arot claims that he is therefore “entitled to an entry of default

judgment pursuant to Court of Chancery Rule 55(b).”16 The defendants responded

pro se and argued they never received service.17 The defendants are correct.

      Arot “has the burden to show that service of process was effective.”18 As

proof of serving Jacqueline, Arot provides only a copy of the return of service

showing that Arot’s process server served the papers on the Register of Wills.19 The

Register sent those papers to Jacqueline’s prior Calvert Street, Philadelphia address,



15
   Ct. Ch. R. 55(b).
16
   Mot. ¶ 5.
17
   Arot rightly takes issue with James speaking for Jacqueline in pro se filings, as one
layperson cannot represent another in the courts of this State. See Snyder v. Martin, 820
A.2d 390, 392-93 (Del. Fam. Ct. 2001) (“[T]he Courts of this State ... must prohibit the
lay person from taking on the function of an attorney at law under the guise of a
document which makes that lay person an attorney-in-fact.”). I have drawn conclusions
pertaining to Jacqueline based only on papers she has signed and records subject to
judicial notice.
18
   Boulden v. Albiorix, Inc., 2013 WL 396254, at *9 (Del. Ch. Jan. 31, 2013), as revised
(Feb. 7, 2013).
19
   Mot. Ex. A.
C.A. No. 12915-VCZ
October 29, 2018
Page 5

not her Fort Lauderdale address.20 Arot does not mention that the Register sent the

papers to Jacqueline, implying that Arot believes he completed service when he

served the Register. That is not the case.

        Serving the papers on the Register is a necessary step but does not complete

service. Following that step, the Register must also “forward forthwith, by certified

mail, return receipt requested, to the address of such executor … any notices or

process served upon the Register.”21 Neither Arot nor the Register has provided

evidence that anyone received the Register’s letter at the Calvert Street address, or

that the Register served Jacqueline at the Fort Lauderdale address. Arot has not

shown that Jacqueline has been served.

        The same is true for James. To support his claim that he served James, Arot

cites an “executed return receipt.”22 The certified mail receipts show that Arot sent

the papers to two addresses in Philadelphia. One is a post office box, and the other

is a suite on Market Street in Philadelphia that Arot claims is James’s place of

business.23 Arot provides one completed return, which shows a third party – not

James – received the mailing at the Market Street address.24


20
     In the Matter of John P. Arot, 157742 RR, D.I. 24.
21
     12 Del. C. §1506.
22
     Mot. ¶ 3; Ex. B.
23
     Id.
24
     Id.
C.A. No. 12915-VCZ
October 29, 2018
Page 6

         James responds that the Market Street address was his work address before

March 2009.25 He provided an affidavit from the attorney who has leased the space

since May 1, 2012.26 That attorney stated that James is not a tenant of the office,

and explained that the firm’s receptionist accepted and signed for the certified letter

addressed to James “in error,” then returned the letter to sender the next business

day.27

         Court of Chancery Rule 4(d)(1) provides several avenues for effecting service

on an individual. Arot does not contend he served James in person, nor does he

claim the Market Street address is James’s “usual place of abode.”28 Arot’s attempt

at service sounds in Rule 4(d)(1)’s provision for service by “delivering a copy of the

summons and of the complaint to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to

receive service of process.”29 But Arot has not shown that James authorized the

receptionist who signed for the certified mail to accept service on James’ behalf.30


25
   D.I. 18, at 2.
26
   D.I. 18, Exs. at 2.
27
   Id.
28
   Ct. Ch. R. 4(d)(1).
29
   Id.
30
   See Alston v. Hudson, Jones, Jaywork, Williams & Liguori, 1999 WL 743671, at *2
(Del. Super. Ct. Aug. 13, 1999) (ruling service was insufficient where “the receptionists
were not authorized to receive service of process”) aff’d, 748 A.2d 406 (Del. 2000); see
also Grand Entm’t Grp., Ltd. v. Star Media Sales, Inc., 988 F.2d 476, 486 (3d Cir. 1993)
(concluding “that service on a building receptionist with no employment ties to the
defendant” was insufficient).
C.A. No. 12915-VCZ
October 29, 2018
Page 7

Arot attempts to show James works at the Market Street address by pointing to

directory websites listing James as a tenant at the address, but James does not

maintain or control those websites. The website maintained by the law firm claiming

to have leased the space since 2012, as well as other directory websites, confirms

that firm currently occupies the space.31 The record does not demonstrate that James

occupies the Market Street address. I conclude the receptionist who signed for the

papers at the Market Street address was not authorized to accept service on James’s

behalf. Arot thus still has not properly served James.

       Because Arot did not serve either Defendant, the motion for default judgment

must be denied. The defendants have provided a Fort Lauderdale address.32 That

address matches the address Jacqueline provided the Register of Wills. Arot has one

year to effect service or face dismissal under Court of Chancery Rule 41(e).

III.      Conclusion

       For the foregoing reasons, the plaintiff’s motion for default is denied.

                                                  Sincerely,

                                                  /s/ Morgan T. Zurn

                                                  Vice Chancellor
MTZ/ms

31
   D.I. 18, Exs. at 2; D.I. 30 at 4.
32
   D.I. 20 at 4 (stating James “has simply listed the address of his residence” in filings
with this Court).
