                      NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
  UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                  AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.




                                     IN THE
              ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
                                 DIVISION ONE


                         CANDELARIA P., Appellant,

                                         v.

            DEPARTMENT OF CHILD SAFETY, C.D., Appellees.

                              No. 1 CA-JV 17-0288
                                FILED 1-23-2018


            Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
                              No. JD506588
                  The Honorable David J. Palmer, Judge

                                   AFFIRMED


                                    COUNSEL

Denise L. Carroll Attorney at Law, Scottsdale
By Denise L. Carroll
Counsel for Appellant

Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Tucson
By Laura J. Huff
Counsel for Appellee Department of Child Safety
                      CANDELARIA P. v. DCS, C.D.
                         Decision of the Court



                      MEMORANDUM DECISION

Judge Maria Elena Cruz delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Michael J. Brown and Judge Patricia A. Orozco1 joined.


C R U Z, Judge:

¶1           Candelaria P. (“Mother”) appeals the superior court’s order
terminating her parental rights to her daughter, C.D., born in 2007.2 For the
following reasons, we affirm.

               FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2          In January 2012, the Department of Child Safety3 (“DCS”)
removed C.D. from Mother’s care because she failed to arrange for
appropriate care for her children prior to her incarceration and she
admitted substance abuse.4 At that time, DCS filed a dependency petition




1      The Honorable Patricia A. Orozco, Retired Judge of the Court of
Appeals, Division One, has been authorized to sit in this matter pursuant
to Article 6, Section 3, of the Arizona Constitution.

2    The superior court terminated the father’s parental rights in
December 2016. He is not a party to this appeal.

3      Child Protective Services (“CPS”) was formerly a division of the
Arizona Department of Economic Security (“ADES”). Effective May 29,
2014, the Arizona legislature repealed the statutory authorization for
creation of CPS and for ADES’s administration of child welfare and
placement services under Title 8 of the Arizona Revised Statutes, and the
powers, duties, and purposes from those entities were transferred to the
newly established DCS. See S.B. 1001 § 157(D), 51st Leg., 2nd Spec. Sess.
(Ariz. 2014); ARCAP 27. Accordingly, DCS has been substituted for CPS
and ADES in this matter. For simplicity, our references to DCS in this
opinion encompass both ADES and the former CPS, as appropriate.

4     C.D. was one of five children named in the first dependency petition.



                                     2
                      CANDELARIA P. v. DCS, C.D.
                         Decision of the Court

alleging neglect and Mother’s incarceration and substance abuse history,
which began in 1998.

¶3             In March 2012, the superior court found C.D. dependent.
Consistent with the case plan of family reunification, DCS offered Mother
numerous services including drug testing, substance-abuse treatment,
visitation, a parent aide, and a referral for a psychological consultation. By
August 2012, Mother complied with all the tasks outlined in the case plan
and parole. She participated in a parent aide intake, maintained regular
contact with DCS, and submitted to drug screening. DCS moved to place
C.D. back in Mother’s physical custody in October 2012, and three months
later the court dismissed the first dependency petition.

¶4             In April 2015, DCS took C.D. into temporary custody because
Mother left C.D. with family members, had not been seen in a month, and
failed to provide the necessary paperwork to enable them to enroll C.D. in
school. DCS filed a second dependency petition alleging neglect,
abandonment, and substance abuse.5 The following month, Mother denied
the allegations but submitted the issue of dependency to the superior court
for determination. The court found C.D. dependent as to Mother. DCS
provided a psychological consultation, drug screening and assessment,
visitation, a case aide, transportation, and the court instructed Mother to
self-refer for counseling. DCS further required Mother to obtain and
maintain employment and stable housing.

¶5            In October 2015, Mother was homeless and unemployed and
her treatment providers closed out the substance abuse screening and
treatment services due to noncompliance. C.D. fell extremely behind
academically due to irregular school attendance while in Mother’s care and
suffered from speech delay as well as other medical issues which had gone
unaddressed. DCS assigned Mother a visitation aide, but she missed visits
and failed to call in to confirm visitation. DCS moved to change the case
plan to severance and adoption in February 2016.

¶6            In March 2016, DCS filed a motion for termination on the
grounds of chronic substance abuse under Arizona Revised Statutes
(“A.R.S.”) section 8-533(B)(3) and out-of-home placement for nine months
or longer under § 8-533(B)(8)(a). Mother failed to participate in treatment



5      C.D. was one of two children named in the second dependency
petition and is the only child subject to this appeal.



                                      3
                      CANDELARIA P. v. DCS, C.D.
                         Decision of the Court

services, and DCS closed out her third substance-abuse treatment referral
for lack of participation.6

¶7            Mother visited C.D. inconsistently and failed to have any
contact for over a year. In May 2016, Mother reengaged in visitation, and
DCS assigned a case aide to facilitate visitation. But, when C.D. was
possibly going to reunify with her father, DCS moved to withdraw the
motion for termination.

¶8            The superior court changed the case plan back to family
reunification. DCS offered Mother behavioral health, parent aide,
substance-abuse treatment, and transportation services. Mother submitted
clean drug screenings on a weekly basis beginning in July 2016,7 and she
completed an inpatient treatment program in September 2016. However,
Mother declined to participate in outpatient treatment and failed to appear
for a parent aide intake appointment, and the service provider closed out
the referral.

¶9           The superior court changed the case plan to severance and
adoption in November 2016, and, shortly thereafter, DCS moved to
terminate Mother’s parent-child relationship pursuant to § 8–533(B)(8)(c)
(fifteen months out-of-home placement). Mother was homeless, unable to
provide for C.D.’s needs, and failed to address her substance abuse issues.

¶10            A service provider diagnosed Mother with a moderate
amphetamine-use disorder and referred her to outpatient treatment. She
agreed to participate in substance abuse treatment and testing and
individual counseling. However, visitation rarely occurred due to the
child’s resistance. Although C.D. attended only one visit in the presence of
a case aide, DCS continued to encourage C.D. to see Mother by inviting
relatives to visit at the same time, knowing C.D. had fond memories with
them, but the child still refused to participate.

¶11        The superior court held a severance hearing in March 2017,
and DCS presented evidence of Mother’s long history of substance abuse


6      DCS referred Mother to TERROS for substance-abuse treatment four
times during the course of Mother’s dependency proceedings; twice in 2015
and twice in 2016.

7     Mother’s first hair follicle drug screening in July 2016 tested positive
for methamphetamine, opiates, and marijuana.



                                      4
                        CANDELARIA P. v. DCS, C.D.
                           Decision of the Court

and neglect of C.D. and indicated Mother would be unable to parent in the
near future. The DCS case manager testified she would require a full year
of proven sobriety without relapse before feeling comfortable
recommending reunification. Further, despite DCS’s determination to “try
anything,” it was against DCS policy to force C.D. into visitation when she
was firmly against it.

¶12            The DCS case manager further testified that Mother failed to
demonstrate longevity of sobriety, stability, and housing. And although
Mother’s drug screenings were clean for illicit drugs since July 2016, she
failed to call in for random drug testing nine times in the month of the
severance hearing and tested positive for alcohol consumption in the
previous month.8

¶13            Following the hearing, the superior court found that DCS
proved both grounds for termination and that termination was in the best
interests of C.D.

¶14          Mother timely appealed the court’s order.  We have
jurisdiction pursuant to A.R.S. §§ 8-235(A), 12-120.21(A)(1), and
-2101(A)(1).

                                 DISCUSSION

¶15             To terminate parental rights, the superior court must find by
clear and convincing evidence that at least one statutory ground articulated
in § 8-533(B) has been proven and must find by a preponderance of the
evidence that termination is in the best interests of the child. See Michael J.
v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 196 Ariz. 246, 249, ¶ 12 (2000); Kent K. v. Bobby M.,
210 Ariz. 279, 288, ¶ 41 (2005). As the trier of fact, the superior court “is in
the best position to weigh the evidence, observe the parties, judge the
credibility of the witnesses, and resolve disputed facts.” Ariz. Dep’t of Econ.
Sec. v. Oscar O., 209 Ariz. 332, 334, ¶ 4 (App. 2004). Accordingly, we will
accept the superior court’s findings of fact “unless no reasonable evidence
supports those findings.” Jennifer B. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 189 Ariz. 553,
555 (App. 1997).

¶16           To prevail on its motion to terminate Mother’s parental rights
pursuant to § 8-533(B)(8)(c), DCS was required to show that the child has
been in an out-of-home placement for fifteen months or longer, Mother “has
been unable to remedy the circumstances that cause[d] the child to be in an

8      Mother also tested positive for benzodiazepine but testified she has
a prescription for Xanax, which is a benzodiazepine-based medication.


                                        5
                       CANDELARIA P. v. DCS, C.D.
                          Decision of the Court

out-of-home placement and there is a substantial likelihood that the parent
will not be capable of exercising proper and effective parental care and
control in the near future.” A.R.S. § 8-533(B)(8)(c). Moreover, DCS had to
prove that it “made a diligent effort to provide appropriate reunification
services” to justify termination of the parent-child relationship. A.R.S. § 8–
533(B)(8); Shawanee S. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 234 Ariz. 174, 177, ¶ 12
(App. 2014) (internal quotation omitted).

¶17           Mother argues that DCS failed to prove she would not be
capable of exercising proper and effective parental care and control in the
near future.9 In its termination order, the superior court explained its
findings, in part, as follows:

       Mother has taken legitimate steps toward sobriety, for the
       first time in the long history of this case. However, given the
       severity and length of her history, the court does not find that
       prolonging the case is in the child’s best interest. The case
       manager testified that in a case where substance abuse is
       significant, which Mother’s certainly is, a year’s sobriety is a
       benchmark for determining if Mother has truly proven her
       sobriety. . . . Mother . . . went for a period of time of about a
       year without seeing her child. . . . Some visits did occur, but
       on many occasions they did not due to apprehension on the
       part of the child. . . . [T]he child did not wish to go out of her
       fear of being taken someplace and not being brought back.


¶18           At the severance hearing, the DCS case manager opined that
Mother would not be able to parent in the near future because of her, “long
history of substance abuse and neglect[,]” as well as her “[i]nstability with
housing which has rendered the child vulnerable for a prolonged time.”
Although Mother participated in drug testing, she did not do so
consistently. And during the pendency of the case, Mother failed to take
advantage of visitations for at least a year.

¶19         DCS received sixteen reports regarding Mother beginning in
1998 and each report related to substance abuse and neglect. Although


9       Mother does not appeal the superior court’s finding that DCS made
diligent efforts and we therefore do not address the accuracy of that finding.
Britz v. Kinsvater, 87 Ariz. 385, 388 (1960) (stating that, where a trial court’s
finding of fact are unchallenged, “we may assume that their accuracy is
conceded.”).


                                       6
                      CANDELARIA P. v. DCS, C.D.
                         Decision of the Court

Mother had demonstrated periods of sobriety lasting one or two years in
the past, she has never demonstrated an ability to maintain sobriety long
term.

¶20           The record confirms Mother recently made substantial
progress in the reunification services offered; however, that is not the only
relevant factor in determining whether DCS met its burden of proof.
Instead, we must look at all the circumstances of the case.

¶21            At the time of severance, C.D. had been in out-of-home care
for approximately two years. In the period preceding the superior court’s
termination order, Mother failed to appreciate and consistently respond to
DCS’s concerns regarding her substance-abuse issues as well as maintain a
relationship with C.D. Mother failed to participate in C.D.’s life for
substantial periods of time and even during times of contact, Mother’s
engagement was inconsistent. As a result, C.D. has refused visitation and
shown signs of apprehension and concern that she will be forced to leave
her placement and return to Mother. The record supports the court’s
finding of a statutory ground for termination.

¶22           Mother also argues the superior court erred in finding
termination to be in the best interests of C.D., arguing only that she is
bonded to C.D. and that C.D. would suffer a detriment if their parent-child
relationship were severed. Termination is in the child’s best interests if the
child will “derive an affirmative benefit from termination or incur a
detriment by continuing in the relationship.” Oscar O., 209 Ariz. at 334,
¶ 6. “In making the determination, the juvenile court may consider
evidence that the child is adoptable or that an existing placement is meeting
the needs of the child.” Mario G. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 227 Ariz. 282,
288, ¶ 26 (App. 2011).

¶23           The record supports the superior court’s ruling. The case
manager testified C.D. is adoptable and that paternal aunt and uncle are
willing to adopt. C.D. has expressed the desire to remain with the paternal
aunt permanently. Moreover, the case manager explained C.D.’s placement
would provide her with permanency and safety and meets all of her
physical, educational, medical, and psychological needs. Therefore, the
court did not err in finding termination of Mother’s rights was in C.D.’s best
interests.




                                      7
                    CANDELARIA P. v. DCS, C.D.
                       Decision of the Court

                            CONCLUSION

¶24          For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the superior court’s
termination of Mother’s parental rights.




                        AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
                        FILED: AA




                                      8
