J-S20044-16


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN RE: ADOPTION: R.C.B. A/K/A R.C.B.             IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
A/K/A R.L.B., A MINOR                                  PENNSYLVANIA




APPEAL OF: T.S., BIRTH MOTHER

                                                     No. 1642 WDA 2015


              Appeal from the Order Entered September 18, 2015
               in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
                  Civil Division at No.: CP-02-AP-0000088-2015



IN RE: ADOPTION OF: R.L.B. III, A                IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
MINOR                                                  PENNSYLVANIA




APPEAL OF: T.S., BIRTH MOTHER

                                                     No. 1643 WDA 2015


                   Appeal from the Order September 18, 2015
               in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
                Orphans' Court at No.: CP-02-AP-0000114-2015


BEFORE: PANELLA, J., OLSON, J., and PLATT, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY PLATT, J.:                                   FILED MAY 09, 2016


____________________________________________


*
    Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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       Appellant, T.S. (Mother), appeals from the orders of the court of

Common Pleas of Allegheny County that terminated her parental rights to

her sons R.C.B., born in May of 2000, and R.L.B. III (R.L.B.), born in

October of 2001 (Children).1            Mother concedes that she withdrew her

opposition to the terminations during the hearing on termination of parental

rights which occurred on September 18, 2015. Nevertheless, she appeals on

the grounds that the trial court erred (or abused its discretion) in not finding

that Appellee, the Allegheny County Office of Children, Youth and Families

(CYF), failed to meet its burden of proof by clear and convincing evidence.

The Guardian Ad Litem has filed a motion to dismiss for failure to preserve

the questions below. Mother filed an answer, by counsel. For the reasons

that follow, we affirm the orders of termination, and deny the motion to

dismiss as moot.2

       Mother is a resident of Ohio.           Ohio authorities removed the Children

from Mother’s custody in August of 2013, over concerns about Mother’s

ability to care for her children. Mother has a long history of mental illness,

abuse of alcohol and other substances, criminal assaults, and depression.

____________________________________________


1
  This Court consolidated the two appeals sua sponte by order dated
November 5, 2015.
2
  The trial court also terminated the parental rights of R.B. II, the putative
father (Father), as well as any Unknown Father of the Children. Father
voluntarily withdrew his contest at the hearing. (See N.T. Hearing, 9/18/15,
at 45). None of these persons filed an appeal.



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These concerns were intensified by a fatality in the family, specifically, the

suicide of an older brother of the Children.

      CYF placed the Children with their Father in Pittsburgh. However, they

were soon removed after Father assaulted the older brother, R.C.B. The trial

court adjudicated the Children dependent on October 16, 2013. R.C.B. was

placed with M.M., a navy chaplain (Foster Father). R.L.B. was assigned to a

shelter but joined his brother with Foster Father M.M. the following year and

remains with them.

      CYF filed a petition to terminate involuntarily the parental rights of

Mother and the putative father and any unknown father of R.C.B. on May 4,

2015, and a petition to terminate involuntarily the parental rights of Mother

and the putative and any unknown father of R.L.B. on July 10, 2015. The

trial court held a hearing on those petitions on September 18, 2015.

Testifying at that hearing were Mother, by telephone from Ohio, Father, and

CYF caseworker, Therese Tuminello.

      Mother had contested the termination of her parental rights but she

withdrew her objection to the proceeding at the September 18, 2015,

hearing. (See N.T. Hearing, 9/18/15, at 7). On inquiry by the trial court,

Mother testified that no one was forcing her to withdraw and that no one

promised her anything in exchange for her withdrawal. (See id.).

      Mother’s family service plan (FSP) goals were: 1) cooperate with CYF;

2) maintain contact with the Children; 3) undergo a drug and alcohol


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evaluation and follow all recommendations; 4) maintain safe and appropriate

housing; 5) complete domestic violence counseling; 6) complete a parenting

class;    and   7)   undergo   a   mental   health   evaluation   and   follow   all

recommendations.       The only FSP goal Mother achieved was to maintain

contact with the Children by phone and through visits about every three

months (See id. at 20).

         CYF caseworker, Therese Tuminello, testified that the termination of

Mother’s parental rights would meet the needs and welfare of the Children.

(See id. at 28). R.C.B. had been residing in his current foster home with

Foster Father since August of 2014.          R.L.B. moved into the home on

September 8, 2015, after having visited with Foster Father since August of

2014.      Ms. Tuminello testified that her observations of the Children with

Foster Father were very positive and that CYF was very pleased with the

placement. (See id. at 27). According to Ms. Tuminello, the Children have

bonded with Foster Father.     (See id. at 28).

         Terry O’Hara, Ph.D., conducted individual psychological evaluations of

Mother and the Children, as well as interactional evaluations of the Children

with Foster Father and with Mother between July of 2015 and August of

2015. (See O’Hara Report, CYF Exhibit 1).         Dr. O’Hara’s report, supporting

termination and adoption, were admitted without objection.              (See N.T.

Hearing, at 33).




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      Dr. O'Hara observed that Foster Father exhibited several positive

parenting skills. He was meaningful and specific in his praise of both boys,

interacted well with them, joked with them, and was calm and relaxed in

their presence.    Dr. O’Hara observed a secure attachment between the

Children and Foster Father.    Both R.C.B. and R.L.B. expressed a desire to

reside with Foster Father.     Dr. O’Hara observed that the Children also

expressed a desire to reside with Mother, (while conceding that was not

practical or likely), praised her, and interacted well with her at times, but he

did not have sufficient evidence that the Children experienced a secure

attachment with Mother.

      Dr. O’Hara opined that Mother is not in a position to provide for the

needs and welfare of the Children because of her significant psychiatric

problems, her criminal history, chronic unstable housing, substance abuse,

lack of accountability for her actions, and longstanding history of domestic

violence.   He opined that the Children would be at risk if returned to

Mother’s care.    Dr. O’Hara recommended that Mother’s parental rights be

terminated and the Children adopted. According to Dr. O’Hara, the benefits

of adoption for the Children, including safety and security, outweighed any

possible detriment caused by the termination of Mother’s parental rights.

(See O’Hara Report, CYF Exhibit 1).

      The trial court entered its orders terminating Mother’s parental rights

pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2511(a)(2), (5), (8) and (b) on September 18,


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2015. Mother filed her notices of appeal and concise statements of errors

complained of on appeal on October 19, 2015.3 See Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

        The Guardian ad litem filed a motion to dismiss, arguing that Mother,

by withdrawing her contest of the petition, failed to preserve any issues on

appeal.     (See Motion to Dismiss, 11/23/15, at 2-3).        The motion was

deferred to this panel for disposition.

        Mother raises the following question on appeal:

        I. Did the trial court abuse its discretion and/or err as a matter
        of law in concluding that [CYF] met its burden of proving that
        termination of [Mother’s] parental rights would best serve the
        needs and welfare of the [C]hildren pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A.
        §2511(b) by clear and convincing evidence[?]

(Mother’s Brief, at 7).

        Our standard of review is well-settled:

        In an appeal from an order terminating parental rights, our
        scope of review is comprehensive: we consider all the evidence
        presented as well as the trial court’s factual findings and legal
        conclusions. However, our standard of review is narrow: we will
        reverse the trial court’s order only if we conclude that the trial
        court abused its discretion, made an error of law, or lacked
        competent evidence to support its findings. The trial judge’s
        decision is entitled to the same deference as a jury verdict.

In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citations omitted).

        Further, we have stated:

              Where the hearing court’s findings are supported by
        competent evidence of record, we must affirm the hearing court
        even though the record could support an opposite result.
____________________________________________


3
    October 19, 2015 was a Monday; Mother’s appeal was timely.



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           We are bound by the findings of the trial court which have
     adequate support in the record so long as the findings do not
     evidence capricious disregard for competent and credible
     evidence. The trial court is free to believe all, part, or none of
     the evidence presented, and is likewise free to make all
     credibility determinations and resolve conflicts in the evidence.
     Though we are not bound by the trial court’s inferences and
     deductions, we may reject its conclusions only if they involve
     errors of law or are clearly unreasonable in light of the trial
     court’s sustainable findings.

In re M.G., 855 A.2d 68, 73-74 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citations omitted).

     Here, the trial court terminated Mother’s parental rights pursuant to 23

Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2511(a) (2), (5), (8), and (b).        In order to affirm the

termination of parental rights, this Court need only agree with any one

subsection of Section 2511(a). See In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa.

Super. 2004) (en banc), appeal denied, 863 A.2d 1141 (Pa. 2004).

     Termination of parental rights is governed by Section 2511 of the

Adoption Act, 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2101–2938, which provides, in pertinent part:

     § 2511. Grounds for involuntary termination

     (a) General rule.─The rights of a parent in regard to a child
     may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following
     grounds:

                                 *    *    *

        (2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect
        or refusal of the parent has caused the child to be without
        essential parental care, control or subsistence necessary for
        his physical or mental well-being and the conditions and
        causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal cannot or
        will not be remedied by the parent.

                                 *    *    *


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     (b) Other considerations.─The court in terminating the rights
     of a parent shall give primary consideration to the
     developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of the
     child. The rights of a parent shall not be terminated solely on
     the basis of environmental factors such as inadequate housing,
     furnishings, income, clothing and medical care if found to be
     beyond the control of the parent. With respect to any petition
     filed pursuant to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not
     consider any efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions
     described therein which are first initiated subsequent to the
     giving of notice of the filing of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511 (2), (b).

      It is well settled that a party seeking termination of a parent’s rights

bears the burden of proving the grounds to so do by “clear and convincing

evidence,” a standard which requires evidence that is “so clear, direct,

weighty, and convincing as to enable the trier of fact to come to a clear

conviction, without hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.” In

re T.F., 847 A.2d 738, 742 (Pa. Super. 2004). Further,

     A parent must utilize all available resources to preserve the
     parental relationship, and must exercise reasonable firmness in
     resisting obstacles placed in the path of maintaining the parent-
     child relationship. Parental rights are not preserved by waiting
     for a more suitable or convenient time to perform one’s parental
     responsibilities while others provide the child with his or her
     physical and emotional needs.

In the Interest of K.Z.S., 946 A.2d 753, 759 (Pa. Super. 2008) (citations

omitted).

     The fundamental test in termination of parental rights under Section

2511(a)(2) was long ago stated in the case of In re Geiger, 459 Pa. 636,

331 A.2d 172 (1975).     There the Pennsylvania Supreme Court announced


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that, under what is now Section 2511(a)(2), the petitioner for involuntary

termination must prove “[t]he repeated and continued incapacity, abuse,

neglect, or refusal of the parent has caused the child to be without essential

parental care, control, or subsistence necessary for his physical or mental

well-being and the conditions and causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect,

or refusal cannot or will not be remedied by the parent.” Id. at 173.

      The Adoption Act provides that a trial court “shall give primary

consideration to the developmental, physical and emotional needs and

welfare of the child.”     23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b).    The Act does not make

specific reference to an evaluation of the bond between parent and child but

our case law requires the evaluation of any such bond. See In re E.M., 533

Pa. 115, 620 A.2d 481, 485 (1993). However, this Court has held that the

trial court is not required by statute or precedent to order a formal bonding

evaluation performed by an expert.     See In re K.K.R.-S., 958 A.2d 529,

533 (Pa. Super. 2008).

      We begin our analysis by observing, as already noted, that Mother

withdrew any objection to CYF’s petitions at the hearing. (See N.T. Hearing,

9/18/15, at 7).   In her motion to dismiss, the Guardian ad litem for the

Children argues that Mother has thus failed to preserve any issues on appeal

by withdrawing her contest at the hearing.           (See Motion to Dismiss,

11/23/15, at 2-3).       Furthermore, the Guardian ad litem argues, Mother

waived any claim on appeal by her failure to identify a specific reviewable


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issue in her concise statement.        (See id.; see also Concise Statement,

10/19/15).       We are sympathetic to the arguments raised by the Guardian

ad litem.

      Nevertheless, in consideration of the significance of the issues under

review, in the interest of judicial economy, and with the hope of avoiding, if

possible, the burdens of additional unnecessary appeals, we decline to

dismiss without our own independent review of the merit, vel non, of

Mother’s claims. Accordingly, we will deny the motion to dismiss.

      On independent review, however, we conclude that Mother has waived

her claim that the trial court erred or abused its discretion when it

terminated her paternal rights pursuant to section 2511(b). With exceptions

not relevant to the facts or procedure of this case, “[a] party waives all

defenses and objections which are not presented either by preliminary

objection, answer or reply[.]”     Pa.R.C.P. 1032(a).       Furthermore, “[i]ssues

not raised in the lower court are waived and cannot be raised for the first

time on appeal.” Pa.R.A.P. 302(a).

      Finally,    Mother’s   concise   statement   fails   to   identify   a   specific

reviewable issue of trial court error.          Instead, it asserts the generic

proposition that the court erred in concluding CYF met its burden of proof on

the bonding issue. (See Concise Statement, 10/19/15).            This is not enough

to enable meaningful review.




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      “[W]hen an appellant fails adequately to identify in a concise manner

the issues sought to be pursued on appeal, the trial court is impeded in its

preparation of a legal analysis which is pertinent to those issues.” Reinert

v. Reinert, 926 A.2d 539, 542 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citations omitted).

      Similarly, in her brief, Mother fails to develop an argument supported

by citation to pertinent authority that the trial court erred in its analysis of

the bonding issue. (See Mother’s Brief, at 13-16).

      Instead, with the exception of two brief citations to caselaw for general

principles, Mother supports her claim chiefly by revisiting the evidence and

asking us, in effect, to reach a different conclusion.     (See id. at 14-16).

Mother does not develop an argument which links the facts of her case to

the general principles of law she cites. Accordingly, Mother does not develop

a coherent legal argument to support her conclusion that the trial court

erred in terminating her parental rights under our standard of review. She

has, therefore, waived that argument.

      “The failure to develop an adequate argument in an appellate brief

may result in waiver of the claim under Pa.R.A.P. 2119.” Commonwealth

v. Beshore, 916 A.2d 1128, 1140 (Pa. Super. 2007), appeal denied, 982

A.2d 509 (Pa. 2007) (citation omitted).         “[A]rguments which are not

appropriately   developed   are   waived.      Arguments    not   appropriately

developed include those where the party has failed to cite any authority in

support of a contention.”    Lackner v. Glosser, 892 A.2d 21, 29-30 (Pa.


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Super. 2006) (citations omitted); see also Chapman-Rolle v. Rolle, 893

A.2d 770, 774 (Pa. Super. 2006) (stating, “[i]t is well settled that a failure to

argue and to cite any authority supporting an argument constitutes a waiver

of issues on appeal”) (quoting Jones v. Jones, 878 A.2d 86, 90 (Pa. Super.

2005)). “[T]he ‘argument’ section of an appellate brief must contain a full

discussion of the points raised accompanied by citation to pertinent

authority.”    In re Child M., 681 A.2d 793 (Pa. Super. 1996) (citation

omitted). For all these reasons, Mother’s claim is waived.

      Moreover, it would not merit relief. Our review of the record confirms

that it contains sufficient credible evidence to permit the trial court to

conclude that Mother’s repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect or

refusal to parent the Children has caused them to be without the essential

parental care necessary for their physical or mental well-being, and that that

condition cannot be remedied. “The trial judge’s decision is entitled to the

same deference as a jury verdict.”      In re L.M., supra at 511 (citations

omitted).     “Though we are not bound by the trial court’s inferences and

deductions, we may reject its conclusions only if they involve errors of law or

are clearly unreasonable in light of the trial court’s sustainable findings.” In

re M.G., supra at 73-74 (citations omitted).

      Here, the trial court did address the bonding issue, finding that even

though the Children do have a bond with Mother, termination of Mother’s

parental rights will have a positive effect by ending the uncertainty of their


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present situation, and improving prospects for a permanent resolution of

their status. (See Trial Ct. Op., at 7).

      Both Ms. Tuminello, the caseworker, and Dr. O’Hara opined that the

termination of Mother’s parental rights would be in the Children’s best

interest.   Ms. Tuminello testified that CYF was very pleased with the

Children’s placement with Foster Father and that the Children have bonded

with him. (See N.T. Hearing, at 27-28). According to Ms. Tuminello, the

termination of Mother’s parental rights would meet the needs and welfare of

the Children. (See id. at 28).

      Dr. O’Hara observed a secure attachment between the Children and

Foster Father and noted that both R.C.B. and R.L.B. expressed a desire to

reside with Foster Father. He opined that the Children would be at risk if

returned to Mother’s care because of her significant psychiatric problems,

her criminal history, chronic unstable housing, substance abuse, lack of

accountability for her actions, and her history of domestic violence.

According to Dr. O’Hara, the benefits of adoption for the Children outweigh

any possible detriment caused by the termination of Mother’s parental

rights. Dr. O’Hara recommended that Mother’s parental rights be terminated

and the Children adopted. (See O’Hara Report, CYF Exhibit 1).

      We discern no basis on which to disturb the findings of the trial court.

Nor did the court commit any error of law.




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     Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s orders, entered September 18,

2015, terminating Mother’s parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A.

§2511(a)(2) and (b).

     Orders affirmed. Motion to dismiss denied as moot.

     Judge Panella joins the Memorandum.

     Judge Olson concurs in the result.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 5/9/2016




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