                                                                           FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                            DEC 14 2015
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS


                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT


ANJUM NAWAZ KHAN,                                No. 14-35624

              Petitioner - Appellant,            D.C. No. 2:13-cv-02295-BJR

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
PAT GLEBE,

              Respondent - Appellee.


                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Western District of Washington
             Barbara Jacobs Rothstein, Senior District Judge, Presiding

                          Submitted December 9, 2015**
                              Seattle, Washington

Before: HAWKINS, McKEOWN, and TALLMAN, Circuit Judges.

      Washington state prisoner Anjum Nawaz Khan appeals the denial of his 28

U.S.C. § 2254 habeas corpus petition, challenging his 2010 conviction for second-

degree rape. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1291 and 2253. Because the


        *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
        **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
Washington Supreme Court neither unreasonably applied Strickland v.

Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984), nor unreasonably determined the facts when

dismissing Khan’s petition, we affirm.

      To succeed on his ineffective assistance claim, Khan had to demonstrate that

his trial counsel’s performance was deficient and resulted in prejudice. See id. at

687. Review of Khan’s claim is limited to the record before the Washington

Supreme Court. Cullen v. Pinholster, 563 U.S. 170, 181-82 (2011); 28 U.S.C.

§ 2254(d)(2).

      We must uphold the state court’s denial of Khan’s petition unless it:

      (1)     resulted in a decision that was contrary to, or involved an
              unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal
              law, as determined by the Supreme Court of the United
              States, or

      (2)     resulted in a decision that was based on an unreasonable
              determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented
              in the State court proceeding.

Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d).

“When § 2254(d) applies, the question is not whether counsel’s actions were

reasonable. The question is whether there is any reasonable argument that counsel

satisfied Strickland’s deferential standard.” Harrington v. Richter, 562 U.S. 86,

105 (2011).

      1. The state court was not unreasonable in finding that Khan’s trial counsel

                                           2
was not deficient for failing to call Kenny Gibson as a witness. Khan’s trial

counsel spoke to Gibson on multiple occasions, met with him in person, and told

the trial court days before Khan’s trial that he was unsure whether Gibson’s

testimony would be helpful. These actions demonstrate an “adequate inquiry” into

Gibson’s testimony. Gerlaugh v. Stewart, 129 F.3d 1027, 1033 (9th Cir. 1997) (“A

reasonable tactical choice based on an adequate inquiry is immune from attack

under Strickland.”). And the record provides at least one “reasonable argument” to

explain why counsel may not have called Gibson to testify, see Richter, 562 U.S. at

105: a post-trial motion filed by Khan’s new counsel within two months of the trial

showed that Gibson’s testimony may have contradicted Khan’s testimony.

Gibson’s affidavit, written one-and-a-half years later, does not negate that

reasonable argument. Accordingly, the state court’s denial of Khan’s claim on this

ground was not contrary to or an unreasonable application of Strickland.

See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1).

      2. The state court reasonably concluded that Khan failed to prove his

counsel was ineffective for not calling Don Anderson as a trial witness. Khan has

the burden of showing that his counsel’s performance was deficient. See

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687. To shoulder this burden, Khan had to demonstrate that

his trial counsel knew of Anderson or should have known of Anderson. Cf.


                                          3
Cannedy v. Adams, 706 F.3d 1148, 1161-62 (9th Cir. 2013) (finding that counsel’s

failure to interview a clearly identified, potentially favorable witness constituted

deficient performance); Avila v. Galaza, 297 F.3d 911, 919 (9th Cir. 2002) (finding

that counsel’s failure to investigate eyewitnesses of whom he was aware rendered

deficient performance). Khan alleged in his petition that he told his trial counsel

about several witnesses who would have corroborated his version of events. This

petition was unverified. The only support for Khan’s unverified allegation that he

told his counsel about Anderson is a post-trial letter Khan wrote to his counsel.

The unsworn statement about Anderson in the post-trial letter, however, was

insufficient to support Khan’s allegation that his counsel was aware of Anderson.

Accordingly, the state court was not objectively unreasonable in finding that Khan

failed to provide evidence to overcome the strong presumption that his counsel’s

representation was reasonable. See Burt v. Titlow, 134 S. Ct. 10, 17 (2013)

(“[T]he absence of evidence cannot overcome the strong presumption that

counsel’s conduct [fell] within the wide range of reasonable professional

assistance.”) (internal quotations and citations omitted).

      3. An evidentiary hearing on Khan’s Strickland claim in district court was

not warranted because Khan did not show that his counsel was deficient for failing

to present Anderson and Gibson at trial. Schriro v. Landrigan, 550 U.S. 465, 474


                                           4
(2007) (“It follows that if the record . . . precludes habeas relief, a district court is

not required to hold an evidentiary hearing.”). Nor did Khan adequately proffer

the factual basis of his claim. See Earp v. Ornoski, 431 F.3d 1158, 1169 (9th Cir.

2005) (stating petitioner was entitled to an evidentiary hearing when he adequately

proffered the factual basis of his claim, presented a colorable claim for relief, and

did not previously receive a full and fair opportunity to develop the facts)

(emphasis added).

       Therefore, the state court’s denial of Khan’s petition was not objectively

unreasonable under § 2254(d), and the district court did not abuse its discretion by

denying Khan an evidentiary hearing.

       AFFIRMED.




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