                                                                       F I L E D
                                                       United States Court of Appeals
                                                               Tenth Circuit
                        UNITED STATES CO URT O F APPEALS
                                                                     December 15, 2006
                                 FO R TH E TENTH CIRCUIT
                                                                    Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                        Clerk of Court

    JO H N N Y D . JO RD A N ,

                  Plaintiff-Appellant,

    v.                                                   No. 06-7023
                                                   (D.C. No. CIV-04-162-S)
    JO A NN E B. BA RN HA RT,                            (E.D. Okla.)
    Commissioner, Social Security
    Administration,

                  Defendant-Appellee.



                                 OR D ER AND JUDGM ENT *


Before O ’B RIE N and BROR BY, Circuit Judges, and BRO W N, ** District Judge.


         Plaintiff-appellant Johnny D. Jordan appeals from the order entered by the

district court affirming the Social Security Commissioner’s decision denying his

application for disability insurance benefits under the Social Security Act. After

“review[ing] the Commissioner’s decision to determine whether [her] factual


*
       After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral
argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding
precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and
collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent
with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
**
       The H onorable W esley E. Brown, Senior District Judge, District of K ansas,
sitting by designation.
findings were supported by substantial evidence in light of the entire record and

to determine whether [s]he applied the correct legal standards,” we affirm.

Hinkle v. Apfel, 132 F.3d 1349, 1351 (10th Cir. 1997).


                                          I.

      M r. Jordan alleges that he has been disabled since July 1996, when he

underw ent a five-vessel coronary bypass graft procedure. His alleged health

problems include hypertension, high cholesterol and blood pressure, breathing

difficulties, lower-extremity edema, obesity, dizziness upon bending at the waist,

sleep apnea, lack of stamina, depression, emotional difficulties, and memory loss.

      An administrative law judge (ALJ) held a hearing at which M r. Jordan was

represented by counsel. In addition to M r. Jordan’s testimony, the ALJ received

testimony from a vocational expert (VE) about the jobs that M r. Jordan had held

in the past. The VE termed these jobs to be contractor, sales superintendent, and

retail store manager of a mini-storage facility and classified them as requiring the

capacity for light work.

      To reach her determination, the ALJ applied the five-part sequential

evaluation process. See Fischer-Ross v. Barnhart, 431 F.3d 729, 731 (10th Cir.

2005) (describing the five steps). She decided at step two that M r. Jordan did not

have a severe mental impairment but that he did have severe physical




                                         -2-
impairments. At step four, the ALJ determined that M r. Jordan retained the

residual functional capacity (RFC) to perform his past relevant positions.

      The Appeals Council denied review, thus making the ALJ’s decision the

final decision of the Commissioner. See Jensen v. Barnhart, 436 F.3d 1163, 1164

(10th Cir. 2006). On judicial review , the matter w as referred to a magistrate

judge, see 28 U.S.C. § 636(b), who issued a report recommending that the

Commissioner’s decision be upheld. The district court adopted the report as its

findings and order. This appeal followed.


                                          II.

      M r. Jordan’s first contention on appeal is that the ALJ erred at step two of

the evaluation process by failing to recognize that he had severe mental

impairments. He asserts that the ALJ ignored evidence relevant to the issue:

his weight gain; a consultative examiner’s diagnosis of depression;

medical-providers’ notations of his reports of forgetfulness, irritability, and social

difficulties; and his own testimony.

      A claimant bears the burden at step two to present evidence that he has a

medically severe impairment or combination of impairments. Bowen v. Yuckert,

482 U.S. 137, 146 & n.5 (1987). Although we have referred to the necessary

showing as “de minimis,” the claimant “must show more than the mere presence

of a condition or ailment.” Hinkle, 132 F.3d at 1352 (quotation omitted).



                                          -3-
      The ALJ’s step-two task is to determine, based on the record, whether the

claimant has a medically severe impairment or combination of impairments.

20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(c). An impairment is “not severe if it does not significantly

limit [a claimant’s] ability to do basic work activities.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1521(a).

Basic work activities are the “abilities and aptitudes necessary to do most jobs,”

and include the facility to understand, rem ember, and carry out simple

instructions; to use judgment; to respond appropriately to supervisors,

co-workers, and usual work situations; and to deal with changes in a routine w ork

setting. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1521(b)(3)-(6).

      In her decision, the A LJ discussed the evidence relating to M r. Jordan’s

mental status and concluded that the consulting examiner’s depression diagnosis

was inconsistent with overw helming contrary evidence. The examiner’s report

showed M r. Jordan’s ability to do basic work activities, such as the competence to

follow moderately complex w ritten instructions, utilize long-term memory

(though he had difficulty with short-term memory), and perform all four

arithmetic functions in his head. Aplt. App. at 369. The reviewer who completed

a psychiatric review technique (PRT) form opined that M r. Jordan’s mental

impairment was not severe, in that he only had a mild degree of limitation in

activities of daily living, maintaining social functioning, and maintaining

concentration, persistence or pace. There was no evidence of any extended

episodes of decompensation. Id. at 371, 381. In sum, the ALJ’s step-two


                                         -4-
determination that M r. Jordan did not have a severe mental impairment was

reached through the application of correct legal standards and supported by

substantial evidence. 1


                                         III.

      The ALJ denied M r. Jordan’s application at step four of the evaluation

process, which requires the ALJ to (1) evaluate the claimant’s physical and

mental RFC; (2) determine the physical and mental demands of the claimant’s

past relevant work; and (3) decide whether the claimant has the ability to meet

these job demands. See Winfrey v. Chater, 92 F.3d 1017, 1023 (10th Cir. 1996).

M r. Jordan argues that the ALJ erred at the first phase of step four by failing to

take into account all of the physical limitations found by his treating and

consulting physicians.

      The ALJ’s evaluation of M r. Jordan was that he had severe physical

impairments (coronary artery disease, hypertension, sleep apnea, obesity, and


1
       W e note that the consultative examiner’s mental status evaluation provides
no explicit opinion on the impact of the diagnosed depression on M r. Jordan’s
ability to work. It recounts M r. Jordan’s description of his daily activities:
opening his family’s mini-storage facility, visiting with his parents, sitting at his
desk with his feet propped up, checking his investments on the computer, going
out for lunch, and returning to work. He goes out to eat with his w ife three to
four times a week and plays cards with friends one night a week. Aplt. App. at
369. These activities are not inconsistent with the mental ability to perform basic
work activities despite the report’s conclusion that M r. Jordan had problems in a
social environment. The ALJ acknowledged the latter limitation in her
determination that M r. Jordan was capable of interacting with the general public
only on a superficial basis.

                                         -5-
lower extremity edema). The ALJ concluded, however, that he retained the RFC

to perform the full range of light work, reduced by the inability to climb, bend,

stoop, crouch, kneel, and crawl on more than an occasional basis. In arguing

against this RFC assessment, M r. Jordan asserts the ALJ improperly disregarded

several limiting aspects of his medical condition. He emphasizes his frequent

need to use the restroom due to the effects of a prescribed diuretic, his ankle

edema and obesity, his obesity in combination with his cardiac condition, his

reduced range of motion in his hips and legs, and sleep apnea.

      Contrary to M r. Jordan’s contentions, the ALJ’s decision provides an

adequate discussion of the medical conditions documented by his physicians.

This court’s review of the record indicates that the RFC determination is

consistent with the medical evidence. Thus, the substantial evidence test has been

satisfied. Accepting M r. Jordan’s arguments would require us to reweigh the

evidence and substitute our judgment for that of the Commissioner. W e cannot

take that course. See Glass v. Shalala, 43 F.3d 1392, 1395 (10th Cir. 1994). 2


2
        M r. Jordan also asserts that he submitted to the Appeals Council new and
material evidence relevant to his RFC, but the Appeals Council failed to fully and
properly analyze it. In its notice and order, the Appeals Council stated that the
additional evidence was made part of the record and taken into account, but that it
still found “no reason under [its] rules to review the [ALJ’s] decision.” A plt.
App. at 5, 8. The Appeals Council’s determination satisfied statutory and
regulatory requirements. See M artinez v. Barnhart, 444 F.3d 1201, 1207-08
(10th Cir. 2006). Furthermore, the new records do not undercut the ALJ’s RFC
determination. The more recent test results relating to M r. Jordan’s coronary
artery disease do not significantly differ from the results previously presented to
                                                                        (continued...)

                                         -6-
                                         IV.

      In a related argument, M r. Jordan claims that the ALJ failed to make an

adequate determination regarding the physical and mental demands of his past

relevant work at the second phase of the step-four analysis. “To make the

necessary findings [at this phase], the ALJ must obtain adequate factual

information about those work demands w hich have a bearing on the medically

established limitations” included in the RFC. Winfrey, 92 F.3d at 1024 (quotation

omitted).

      M r. Jordan maintains that the ALJ erroneously relied on the VE’s testimony

to decide that the demands of his previous jobs were compatible with his RFC.

“It is improper for an ALJ to make RFC findings and then to delegate the

remaining phases of the step four analysis to the vocational expert.” Doyal v.

Barnhart, 331 F.3d 758, 761 (10th Cir. 2003). “[I]n such cases, ‘the remainder of

the step four assessment takes place in the VE’s head’ and ‘we are left with

nothing to review.’” Id. (quoting Winfrey, 92 F.3d at 1025).

      In M r. Jordan’s case, the A LJ’s decision does note with approval the V E’s

testimony that M r. Jordan’s past relevant jobs, as performed in the national

economy, were suitable for an individual with the capacity for light work



2
 (...continued)
the ALJ. Accordingly, the new evidence would have had no effect on the
magistrate judge’s decision.

                                         -7-
restricted by M r. Jordan’s functional limitations. It also summarizes M r. Jordan’s

own testimony about the demands of his past jobs. “There was nothing improper

about this. . . . The ALJ’s findings were adequate here to satisfy the step four

requirements articulated in Winfrey.” Id.


                                          V.

      Finally, M r. Jordan claims that the ALJ made an improper credibility

assessment. He asserts that the ALJ resorted to boilerplate language and failed to

specify the evidence contradicting his testimony about the extent of his

limitations, including his pain and discomfort. “[F]indings as to credibility

should be closely and affirmatively linked to substantial evidence,” Kepler v.

Chater, 68 F.3d 387, 391 (10th Cir. 1995) (quotation omitted), but “a formalistic

factor-by-factor recitation of the evidence” is not necessary, Qualls v. Apfel,

206 F.3d 1368, 1372 (10th Cir. 2000).

      Having examined the record as a whole, we are satisfied that the ALJ

considered M r. Jordan’s testimony in the context of other pertinent evidence.

For instance, the ALJ noted that M r. Jordan’s daily activities were inconsistent

with his allegations of intractable disabling pain, that his physicians reported

improvement in his cardiac function, and that no medical provider advised

M r. Jordan to keep his legs elevated. Based on the record as a whole,




                                          -8-
we conclude that the ALJ’s credibility findings are sufficiently linked to

substantial evidence.

      The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.

                                                    Entered for the Court


                                                    W ade Brorby
                                                    Circuit Judge




                                         -9-
