MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                     FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                 Feb 10 2020, 10:56 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of establishing                               CLERK
                                                                       Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                          Court of Appeals
the defense of res judicata, collateral                                     and Tax Court

estoppel, or the law of the case.


ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                   ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Cara Schaefer Wieneke                                    Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Wieneke Law Office, LLC                                  Attorney General of Indiana
Brooklyn, Indiana
                                                         Catherine E. Brizzi
                                                         Deputy Attorney General
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana



                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Lucas D. Melton,                                         February 10, 2020
Appellant-Defendant,                                     Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                         19A-CR-1903
        v.                                               Appeal from the Vanderburgh
                                                         Circuit Court
State of Indiana,                                        The Honorable David D. Kiely,
Appellee-Plaintiff.                                      Judge
                                                         The Honorable Kelli E. Fink,
                                                         Magistrate
                                                         Trial Court Cause No.
                                                         82C01-1807-F4-4608



Bailey, Judge.




Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1903 | February 10, 2020              Page 1 of 9
                                              Case Summary
[1]   Lucas Melton (“Melton”) appeals one of his two convictions for child

      molesting, as a Class C felony,1 following a jury trial. The only issue he raises

      on appeal is the sufficiency of the evidence to support that conviction.


[2]   We affirm.



                               Facts and Procedural History
[3]   E.M., born June 6, 2005, is the child of Jessica Brown (“Mother”) and Melton.

      For most of her life, E.M. lived with her maternal grandparents, Michael and

      Sherri Brown. Mother also lived with E.M. and Michael and Sherri Brown

      periodically. Although Melton had no court-ordered parenting time rights, in

      2011 or 2012, when E.M. was approximately seven years old, Mother began

      allowing E.M.to visit Melton where he resided. E.M. visited Melton

      approximately once every week to ten days. Her visitations were usually for a

      few hours’ time, but occasionally she spent the night with Melton.


[4]   On E.M.’s eighth birthday, i.e., June 6, 2013, she refused to go with Melton

      after a birthday dinner at a restaurant with Melton and Mother. E.M. had

      begun to express hesitation to visit Melton or speak with him when he called on

      the telephone. E.M. told Mother she was scared to visit Melton because, in the




      1
          Ind. Code § 35-42-4-3(b) (effective July 1, 2007 through June 30, 2014).


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1903 | February 10, 2020   Page 2 of 9
      past, he had left her alone in a vehicle at night and it scared her. She stated that

      when she had cried because she was scared, Melton had yelled at her. In the

      summer of 2014, when Mother could not find a babysitter for E.M., Mother

      suggested that E.M. stay with Melton for fifteen to thirty minutes while Mother

      attended a meeting. However, E.M. “basically had a panic attack on the

      kitchen floor” and was “screaming and crying and begging not to go over

      there.” Tr. Vol. II at 61. That was not typical behavior for E.M., who was

      normally mild-mannered. E.M. told Mother she was scared to go to Melton’s

      but would not tell Mother why. E.M. did not regularly see Melton again until

      approximately one year later.


[5]   In May of 2018, when E.M. was twelve years old, she told her maternal

      grandfather (“Michael”) that Melton had molested her. E.M. informed

      Michael that she was in the car with Melton when he unzipped his pants,

      “pulled it out,” and touched her inappropriately. Tr. Vol. II at 42. E.M.’s

      grandmother (“Sherri”) contacted the Indiana Department of Child Services

      that same day. E.M. later explained to Sherri that she felt safe telling her

      grandparents about the molestation at this time because Melton was in jail and

      would be unable to confront her about the disclosure. Melton had told E.M.

      that, if she said anything, they would not see each other again and they would

      both be in trouble. On June 6, 2018, Sherri took E.M. to Holly House, a child

      advocacy center, to meet with a detective and trained interviewers.




      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1903 | February 10, 2020   Page 3 of 9
[6]   On July 5, 2018, the State charged Melton with three counts of Class C felony

      child molesting,2 one count of Level 4 felony child molesting,3 three counts of

      Class D felony child solicitation,4 and two counts of Level 5 felony child

      solicitation.5 Prior to trial, the court dismissed one of the Class C felony child

      molesting charges and one count of the Class D felony child solicitation charges

      at the State’s request because they were barred by the statute of limitations.


[7]   Melton’s jury trial took place on June 17, 2019. E.M., her mother, and her

      maternal grandparents all testified. Sherri testified that, in June of 2018, after

      E.M. had disclosed the molestation, Sherri discovered an entry in E.M.’s

      journal that stated:


                 Dad so as you probably know i told. and im so sorry. i do miss
                 you. i miss going on adventures and hearing your voice. but i
                 can’t see you. What you did was wrong. i feel hurt. and i think
                 about it a lot. a dad doesn’t do what you did.


      Tr. Vol. II at 85; Ex. at 7.


[8]   E.M. testified that, multiple times, Melton engaged in sexual touching with her

      when she was visiting him either at his residence or in his vehicle. She testified

      that such touching happened “more than five times,” and “probably” more




      2
          I.C. § 35-42-4-3(b) (effective July 1, 2007 through June 30, 2014).
      3
          I.C. § 35-42-4-3(b) (effective July 1, 2014 through June 30, 2015).
      4
          I.C. § 35-42-4-6(b)(1) (effective July 1, 2007 through June 30, 2014).
      5
          I.C. § 35-42-4-6(b) (effective July 1, 2014).


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1903 | February 10, 2020   Page 4 of 9
      than ten times. Id. at 121.6 She testified that, specifically between the time her

      step-sister Willow was born in August of 2013 and the time she had a

      “breakdown” in the summer of 2014 because she did not want to have

      visitation with Melton, Melton had engaged in sexual touching with her “more

      than once.” Id. at 182. She testified that, after Willow was born but before her

      “breakdown,” Melton touched and massaged her vaginal area, sometimes over

      her clothes and sometimes under, when they were in his truck. Id. at 159-60.

      She testified that these incidents lasted from five to ten minutes. Id. at 161. She

      testified that, “a couple of times,” Melton forced her to touch his penis with her

      hand. Id. at 163. She testified that when Melton put her hand “on his part,” he

      “use[d her] hand to masturbate.” Id. at 182-83.


[9]   At the close of the State’s case, the trial court granted Melton’s request for a

      directed verdict on the remaining counts of felony child solicitation. The jury

      found Melton guilty of the two remaining counts of Class C felony child

      molesting7 and not guilty of the one count of Level 4 felony child molesting.

      Melton was sentenced accordingly, and this appeal ensued.




      6
        At times, the State cites to the transcript of E.M.’s testimony during the State’s offer of proof that was made
      outside the presence of the jury. Appellant’s Br. at 7; Tr. Vol. II at 115-148. However, an “offer of proof is
      part of the record only insofar as the defendant chooses to challenge the trial court’s exclusion” of evidence
      or testimony, and “we will not consider the offer for any other purpose.” Bradford v. State, 675 N.E.2d 296,
      302 (Ind. 1996). Because Melton has not challenged any exclusion of evidence, we do not consider E.M.’s
      testimony during the offer of proof.
      7
        The two counts of which Melton was convicted were for child molesting that took place (1) between
      January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2013, and (2) between January 1, 2014, and July 1, 2014.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1903 | February 10, 2020                    Page 5 of 9
                                  Discussion and Decision
[10]   Melton challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support one of his

       convictions. Our standard of review of the sufficiency of the evidence is well-

       settled.


                When an appellate court reviews the sufficiency of the evidence
                needed to support a criminal conviction, it neither reweighs
                evidence nor judges the credibility of witnesses. Bailey v. State,
                907 N.E.2d 1003, 1005 (Ind. 2009). The appellate court only
                considers “the evidence supporting the judgment and any
                reasonable inferences that can be drawn from such evidence.” Id.
                (quoting Henley v. State, 881 N.E.2d 639, 652 (Ind. 2008)). A
                conviction will be affirmed if there is substantial evidence of
                probative value supporting each element of the offense such that
                a reasonable trier of fact could have found the defendant guilty
                beyond a reasonable doubt. Bailey, 907 N.E.2d at 1005. A
                verdict of guilt may be based upon an inference if reasonably
                drawn from the evidence. See Drane v. State, 867 N.E.2d 144, 147
                (Ind. 2007).


       Tin Thang v. State, 10 N.E.3d 1256, 1258 (Ind. 2014). Moreover, a conviction

       may be sustained on only the uncorroborated testimony of a single witness,

       even when that witness is the victim. Bailey v. State, 979 N.E.2d 133, 135 (Ind.

       2012).


[11]   To support Melton’s conviction of child molesting, as a Class C felony, the

       State was required to prove that Melton, with a child under age fourteen,

       performed or submitted to any fondling or touching of the child or himself with

       intent to arouse the sexual desires of either the child or himself. I.C. § 35-42-4-


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1903 | February 10, 2020   Page 6 of 9
       3(b). Melton’s only allegation on appeal is that the evidence only supports one

       of the two convictions because there is no evidence of specific dates of child

       molesting during the relevant time period, i.e, between August 2013 and the

       summer of 2014. That is, he does not dispute that he fondled or touched E.M.

       with intent to arouse or that E.M. was under age fourteen when he did so;

       rather, he asserts that the evidence is only sufficient to show that he did so one

       time during the relevant time period.


[12]   Indiana courts have long held that


               time is not of the essence in the crime of child molesting…. It is
               difficult for children to remember specific dates, particularly
               when the incident is not immediately reported as is often the
               situation in child molesting cases. The exact date becomes
               important only in limited circumstances, including the case
               where the victim’s age at the time of the offense falls at or near
               the dividing line between classes of felonies.


       Barger v. State, 587 N.E.2d 1304, 1307 (Ind. 1992) (citations omitted). Thus,

       when the age of the child at the time of the crime was not at issue, we have held

       the evidence was sufficient to support a child molesting conviction when the

       victim did not give an exact date but testified to “approximate time frames by

       reference to other activities.” Phillips v. State, 499 N.E.2d 803, 806 (Ind. Ct.

       App. 1986); see also, e.g., Krebs v. State, 816 N.E.2d 469, 473 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004)

       (holding proof of the exact date and time of the molestation was not necessary

       where the victim’s age during a specified time period was not near the dividing

       line between classes of felonies). We have also held that evidence was sufficient


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1903 | February 10, 2020   Page 7 of 9
       to show two separate crimes of child molesting when the victim did not identify

       two specific dates but rather testified that the molestation happened “at least

       twice.” Kien v. State, 782 N.E.2d 398, 407-08 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003), trans. denied.


[13]   As in Phillips, E.M. testified to approximate time frames by referencing other

       activities; specifically, Willow’s birth in August of 2013 and E.M.’s

       “breakdown” in the summer of 2014. That is, E.M. testified that, between

       August of 2013 and the summer of 2014, while she and Melton were in his

       truck, Melton both touched her vagina and forced her to touch his penis “more

       than once.” Tr. Vol. II at 182. There is no question that E.M. was only age

       eight or nine years old during that time period, well below the age of fourteen.

       I.C. § 35-42-4-3(b). Therefore, the State was not required to prove the exact

       dates when the child molestation occurred. Phillips, 499 N.E.2d at 806. And

       the evidence was sufficient for the jury to conclude that Melton committed

       more than one act of child molestation against E.M. during the relevant time

       period. Kien, 782 N.E.2d at 407-08.



                                               Conclusion
[14]   The State provided evidence that E.M. was eight or nine years old when

       Melton “more than once” fondled or touched her and/or himself with intent to

       arouse the sexual desires of either E.M. or himself. That evidence was

       sufficient to support the jury’s verdicts of guilty for both of the two Class C

       felony child molesting convictions.



       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1903 | February 10, 2020   Page 8 of 9
[15]   Affirmed.


       Kirsch, J., and Mathias, J., concur.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-1903 | February 10, 2020   Page 9 of 9
