97-668




                                                                             No. 97-668

                                             IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA

                                                                           1998 MT 126N



                                                                    IN RE THE MARRIAGE OF

                                                                          LISA LOU STROUF,

                                                               Petitioner and Respondent,

                                                                                       and

                                                                         THOMAS LEE STROUF,

                                                                  Respondent and Appellant.




                               APPEAL FROM:    District Court of the Thirteenth Judicial District,
                                           In and for the County of Yellowstone,
                                       The Honorable Diane G. Barz, Judge presiding.


                                                                       COUNSEL OF RECORD:

                                                                            For Appellant:

                                            John J. Cavan; Cavan & Smith, Billings, Montana

                                                                               For Respondent:

                                        J. Reuss; Wright, Tolliver & Guthals, Billings, Montana



                                                            Submitted on Briefs: April 23, 1998

                                                                                       Decided: May 28, 1998
                                                                                        Filed:


                                     __________________________________________
                                                       Clerk
                   Justice W. William Leaphart delivered the Opinion of the Court.



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 1   Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court 1996
Internal Operating Rules, the following decision shall not be cited as precedent
but shall be filed as a public document with the Clerk of the Supreme Court
and shall be reported by case title, Supreme Court cause number and result to
the State Reporter Publishing Company and to West Group in the quarterly
table of noncitable cases issued by this Court.

 2   Appellant Thomas L. Strouf (Tom) appeals from the second amended
judgment of the Thirteenth Judicial District Court, Yellowstone County,
awarding Respondent Lisa L. Strouf (Lisa) physical custody of the couple's
two minor children for at least 181 days each year. We affirm.
           Factual and Procedural Background

 3   Tom and Lisa were married September 10, 1983. They have two
children: Joshua, age 13; and Ashley, age 11. On September 9, 1996, Lisa
filed a petition asking that the marriage be dissolved, property be apportioned,
and provision made for the custody of the children. Pursuant to stipulation of
the parties, the District Court ordered Court Services of the Thirteenth Judicial
District (Court Services) to investigate the home and circumstances and make
appropriate recommendations to the court regarding the care, custody, and
control of the minor children. Court Services completed the examination and
recommended that Tom and Lisa should continue to share joint legal and
residential custody. The report suggested a custody plan by which the children
would reside with Tom during the school year and with Lisa on weekends and
during the summer.

 4   The District Court did not interview Joshua or Ashley regarding their
opinions on the custody issue. However, Court Services interviewed the
children and summarized the interviews in its report. The report noted that:
"The children were adamant in their beliefs that they should stay with their
father."

 5   On March 12, 1997, the District Court held a hearing on the matter.
In its findings of fact and conclusions of law, the District Court found that it
would be in the best interests of the minor children if the parties had joint
custody and adopted the custody plan suggested by Court Services. The court
found that Tom and Lisa should have "joint custody of their two minor
children, with Tom serving as primary residential custodian, but time with the
children shared as equally as possible." On June 3, 1997, the court entered a
judgment reflecting these findings. On July 16, 1997, the District Court
entered an amended judgment, which added the following provision:
"Furthermore, custody shall be allocated in such a way as to assure that [Lisa]
has physical custody at least 181 days per year."
                   Standard of Review

 6   We       review a district court's award of child custody to determine
whether       its findings are clearly erroneous. In re Marriage of Dreesbach
(1994),       265 Mont. 216, 220-21, 875 P.2d 1018, 1021. When the district
court's       findings are supported by substantial credible evidence, and thus not
clearly       erroneous, this Court will uphold the district court's decision unless a


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clear abuse of discretion is shown.                                        Marriage of Dreesbach, 875 P.2d at 1021.
                      Discussion

 7   Tom argues that the District Court's findings of fact and conclusions of
law do not support the second amended judgment's granting of 181 days of
physical custody to Lisa. Findings of fact and conclusions of law are not the
judgment, but merely the foundation for the judgment. In re Marriage of
Barron (1978), 177 Mont. 161, 580 P.2d 936. Thus, we look to both the
district court's express reasoning and the record to determine whether there is
substantial evidence to support the judgment. Frazier v. Frazier (1984), 208
Mont. 150, 676 P.2d 217. In this case, we recognize the apparent incongruity
between the District Court's conclusion that Tom should be primary custodian
pursuant to the Court Service's custody plan and its award of 181 days to Lisa.
Nonetheless, we determine that the second amended judgment is supported by
substantial evidence.

 8   The joint custody statute,   40-4-224, MCA (repealed 1997), suggests
a preference for joint physical custody, if that arrangement is in the best
interest of the child. Tom argues that the District Court did not properly
consider the children's best interests. He contends that had the court
interviewed the children, it would have learned that they both adamantly prefer
to live with him. The district court, in its discretion, may elect not to interview
a child if there is other evidence from which the child's best interests can be
determined. McDowell v. McDowell (1994), 263 Mont. 252, 868 P.2d 1250.
In this case, Court Services interviewed the children and included excerpts
from the interview in its report. The Court Services' report, which is part of
the record, states that the children both choose to live with their father. The
District Court had sufficient evidence before it to consider the children's
wishes and was within its discretion in choosing not to interview them
personally.

 9   At the hearing, Tom testified concerning Lisa's role as a parent prior to
their separation. He testified that she was often remiss in her housekeeping
duties and that, at times, he was genuinely concerned about whether she would
feed the children. However, he also testified that he did not cook, clean, or
know how to wash clothes. The District Court found that Tom's testimony
regarding Lisa's care of the children was exaggerated and not credible.

 10 Lisa testified that Tom often attempted to make the children fear and
mistrust her or to embarrass her in front of them. Tom denied doing this, but
admitted that he was very angry at Lisa over the circumstances surrounding
their separation. The District Court found Lisa more credible on this matter
and held that Tom's attempts to turn the children against Lisa demonstrated a
lack of care and concern for them. However, the court also found that Lisa put
her own interests ahead of those of the children at times. The District Court
concluded that "[b]oth parents displayed some distasteful parenting behaviors
and both need to practice more positive parenting skills in the future . . . ."
None of these findings are clearly erroneous, and they support the second
amended judgment.

11        We determine that the District Court did not abuse its discretion in

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awarding Lisa physical custody of the children 181 days each year.                                                 Based on
the foregoing, we affirm the decision of the District Court.

                                                                       /S/        W. WILLIAM
LEAPHART


We concur:


/S/       J. A.        TURNAGE

/S/       JIM REGNIER

/S/       KARLA M. GRAY

/S/       TERRY N. TRIEWEILER




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