                           This opinion will be unpublished and
                           may not be cited except as provided by
                           Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

                                STATE OF MINNESOTA
                                IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                      A16-0158

                                     Deborah Hagen,
                                        Relator,

                                            vs.

                         Family Focused Recovery Services, PLLC,
                                       Respondent,

                              Department of Employment and
                                 Economic Development,
                                      Respondent.

                                 Filed September 6, 2016
                                        Affirmed
                                     Johnson, Judge

                              Department of Employment and
                                 Economic Development
                                   File No. 34009173-3

Peter B. Knapp, Luke McClure, Certified Student Attorney, Mitchell Hamline Law Clinic,
St. Paul, Minnesota (for relator)

Family Focused Recovery Services, PLLC, Robbinsdale, Minnesota (respondent)

Lee B. Nelson, Department of Employment and Economic Development, St. Paul,
Minnesota (for respondent department)

      Considered and decided by Halbrooks, Presiding Judge, Johnson, Judge, and

John P. Smith, Judge.


      
       Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant
to Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10.
                        UNPUBLISHED OPINION

JOHNSON, Judge

      Deborah Hagen was employed by Family Focused Recovery Services, PLLC, for

five months. An unemployment-law judge ruled that she is ineligible for unemployment

benefits because she quit her employment. We conclude that the unemployment-law judge

provided sufficient reasons for her credibility determinations, that substantial evidence

supports the finding that Hagen quit her employment, and that Hagen is not entitled to an

additional hearing to present additional evidence. Therefore, we affirm.

                                        FACTS

      Family Focused Recovery Services (FFRS) provides outpatient chemical-

dependency treatment. FFRS employed Hagen as a substance-abuse counselor from

May 26, 2015, until October 21, 2015. Shortly after leaving the company, Hagen applied

for unemployment benefits. The department of employment and economic development

made an initial determination that Hagen is ineligible for benefits because she quit her

employment.

      Hagen filed an administrative appeal of the initial determination.              An

unemployment-law judge (ULJ) conducted an evidentiary hearing in November 2015.

FFRS appeared through two representatives: Kathy Clark, Hagen’s former supervisor, and

Derryck Moore, the CEO. Hagen appeared and testified on her own behalf and also

presented the testimony of a former co-worker. The central issue in the administrative

appeal was whether Hagen quit or was discharged. The evidence focused on Hagen’s final




                                            2
day of employment, October 21, 2015. The parties presented alternative versions of the

events of that day.

       On behalf of FFRS, Clark testified that Hagen came into her office at approximately

2:00 or 2:30 p.m. to discuss her work assignments. Clark testified that Hagen appeared to

be upset and said, “I can’t do this anymore; I’m going to submit my resignation.” Clark

testified that Moore walked into her office during the conversation. Clark testified that the

conversation with Hagen lasted approximately five minutes and that, afterward, Hagen

“walked out of [the] office, packed her office and left the facility.” Clark testified that

Hagen took some of her personal items with her and returned at a later date to collect other

items. Moore’s testimony was substantially similar to Clark’s testimony. FFRS submitted

an internal memorandum, dated October 21, 2015, that is consistent with Clark’s and

Moore’s testimony.

       Hagen’s testimony conflicted with that of Clark and Moore. Hagen testified that,

when she went into Clark’s office on October 21 at approximately 2:30 p.m., both Clark

and Moore were present and were talking. Hagen testified that she, Clark, and Moore had

a 30-minute discussion. Hagen testified that she informed Clark and Moore that it was not

possible for her to complete her caseload. Hagen testified that Moore told her, “Give me

your resignation,” and that she responded by saying, “I’m not gonna do that.” Hagen

testified that she and Moore left Clark’s office and that she continued to work for the

remainder of the day. Hagen testified that Moore later came to her office at least three

times to ask for her resignation, that she refused to give it, and that Moore eventually said,

“Okay, go ahead and start packing up your stuff; you’re done.”


                                              3
       Hagen called Vernna Anderson, a former co-worker, as a witness for the purpose of

impeaching Moore’s testimony. Hagen informed the ULJ that Anderson would testify that

Moore has a “history” of “say[ing] that everyone quits when he [actually] fires them.”

Hagen and the ULJ questioned Anderson about Moore’s actions with respect to another

former employee, D.B. Anderson testified that D.B. told him that she was fired and that

Moore also had told him that D.B. was fired. In light of this testimony, the ULJ questioned

Hagen’s claim that Moore has a history of saying that employees had quit even though he

had fired them. Hagen responded that the testimony is relevant because Moore had told

her that D.B. had quit. When Hagen attempted to elicit additional testimony from

Anderson about other former employees of FFRS, the ULJ did not allow it.

       In December 2015, the ULJ issued a written decision in which she made findings

that are consistent with Clark’s and Moore’s testimony regarding the events of October 21.

The ULJ stated that Clark’s testimony and Moore’s testimony is “more credible than

Hagen’s testimony because it is more convincing and likely and they corroborate each

other.” The ULJ concluded that Hagen is ineligible for unemployment benefits because

she quit her employment. After Hagen requested reconsideration, the ULJ affirmed her

earlier decision. Hagen appeals by way of a writ of certiorari.

                                     DECISION

                                  I. Quit or Discharge

       Hagen first argues that the ULJ erred by finding that she quit her employment.

Specifically, Hagen argues that the ULJ erred by not providing reasons for crediting

Clark’s testimony and Moore’s testimony over her own testimony, as required by statute,


                                             4
and that without Clark’s testimony and Moore’s testimony, there is insufficient evidence

in the record to support the ULJ’s finding that she quit.

       This court reviews a ULJ’s decision denying benefits to determine whether the

findings, inferences, conclusions, or decision are affected by an error of law, are

unsupported by substantial evidence in view of the entire record, or are arbitrary or

capricious. Minn. Stat. § 268.105, subd. 7(d) (Supp. 2015). An evidentiary hearing before

a ULJ is an evidence-gathering inquiry and is conducted without regard to any particular

burden of proof. See Minn. Stat. § 268.069, subd. 2 (2014); Vargas v. Northwest Area

Found., 673 N.W.2d 200, 205 (Minn. App. 2004), review denied (Minn. Mar. 30, 2004).

The ULJ’s factual findings are viewed in the light most favorable to the decision being

reviewed, and this court defers to the ULJ’s credibility determinations.        Skarhus v.

Davanni’s Inc., 721 N.W.2d 340, 344 (Minn. App. 2006).

A.     Credibility Determinations

       Hagen argues that the ULJ erred by not stating the reasons for her credibility

determinations. Her argument is based on the following statute: “When the credibility of

a witness testifying in a hearing has a significant effect on the outcome of a decision, the

unemployment law judge must set out the reason for crediting or discrediting that

testimony.” Minn. Stat. § 268.105, subd. 1a(a) (2014). This court has applied the statute

in two published opinions. First, in Ywswf v. Teleplan Wireless Servs., Inc., 726 N.W.2d

525 (Minn. App. 2007), the ULJ recited with specificity the conflicting testimony of each

witness and stated that the relator was not credible and that the employer’s representative

was credible. Id. at 532. We considered the ULJ’s decision in light of the witnesses’


                                             5
testimony and concluded that the ULJ satisfied the requirements of the statute. Id. at 533

(applying Minn. Stat. § 268.105, subd. 1(c) (Supp. 2005), predecessor of Minn. Stat.

§ 268.105, subd. 1a(a) (2014)). Second, in Wichmann v. Travalia & U.S. Directives, Inc.,

729 N.W.2d 23 (Minn. App. 2007), the ULJ made findings concerning the underlying facts

but did not make any credibility determinations. Id. at 29. We concluded that the ULJ did

not satisfy the requirements of the statute and, accordingly, remanded to the ULJ for

additional findings.   Id. (applying Minn. Stat. § 268.105, subd. 1(c) (Supp. 2005),

predecessor of Minn. Stat. § 268.105, subd. 1a(a) (2014)).

      In this case, the ULJ made express credibility determinations and provided reasons

for the determinations: “Clark’s and Moore’s testimony is more credible than Hagen’s

testimony, because it is more convincing and likely and they corroborate each other.” The

ULJ also recited with specificity the conflicting testimony of each witness. The ULJ in

this case did more than the ULJ in Ywswf because the ULJ explained that Clark’s testimony

and Moore’s testimony was “more convincing and likely” and that Clark and Moore

“corroborate each other.” The ULJ’s statement of reasons is supported by Ywswf, in which

we stated that, in making credibility determinations, a ULJ may consider whether

“testimony [is] reasonable compared with other evidence” and whether a witness’s

testimony is “corroborated by other testimony and evidence.” See id. at 532-33. This case

is unlike Wichmann, in which the ULJ failed to make any credibility determinations. See

Wichmann, 729 N.W.2d at 29. Although the ULJ’s reasons in this case are not as extensive

or detailed as Hagen might prefer, they are sufficient under our caselaw to satisfy the

requirement of section 268.105, subdivision 1a(a).


                                            6
B.    Substantial Evidence

      Hagen next argues that there is insufficient evidence in the agency record to support

the ULJ’s finding that she quit. Her argument assumes that we will disregard Clark’s

testimony and Moore’s testimony on the ground that the ULJ failed to state reasons for her

credibility determinations. But in light of our conclusion that the ULJ provided adequate

reasons for her credibility determinations, we will consider Clark’s testimony and Moore’s

testimony.

      An employee who quits employment generally is ineligible for unemployment

benefits. Minn. Stat. § 268.095, subd. 1 (2014). “A quit from employment occurs when

the decision to end the employment was, at the time employment ended, the employee’s.”

Minn. Stat. § 268.095, subd. 2(a) (2014). Whether an employee quit or was discharged is

a question of fact. Stassen v. Lone Mountain Truck Leasing, LLC, 814 N.W.2d 25, 31

(Minn. App. 2012). We review such a finding to determine whether there is substantial

evidence in the record to support it. Minn. Stat. § 268.105, subd. 7(d)(5). “Substantial

evidence is ‘(1) such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to

support a conclusion; (2) more than a scintilla of evidence; (3) more than some evidence;

(4) more than any evidence; or (5) the evidence considered in its entirety.’” Dourney v.

CMAK Corp., 796 N.W.2d 537, 539 (Minn. App. 2011) (quoting Minnesota Ctr. for Envtl.

Advocacy v. Minn. Pollution Control Agency, 644 N.W.2d 457, 466 (Minn. 2002)).

      In this case, Clark testified that, while Hagen was in her office on October 21, 2015,

she stated, “I can’t do this anymore; I’m gonna submit my resignation.” Moore testified

that, after Hagen expressed concerns about her job, she said that “she was gonna put her


                                            7
resignation in and walked out.” Both Clark and Moore testified that Hagen packed up some

of her personal items and left. A contemporaneous internal memorandum, which is signed

by both Clark and Moore, describes those events in substantially similar fashion. This

body of evidence constitutes substantial evidence to support the ULJ’s finding that Hagen

quit her employment.

       Thus, the ULJ did not err in making credibility determinations, and there is

substantial evidence in the record to support the finding that Hagen quit her employment.

                                 II. Additional Hearing

       Hagen also argues that the ULJ erred by preventing her from eliciting additional

testimony by Anderson concerning Moore’s actions toward other FFRS employees and by

not ordering an additional hearing after she requested reconsideration.

       Hagen first contends that the ULJ erred on the ground that the additional evidence

she sought to introduce is admissible to show that “Moore had a ‘modus operandi’ of firing

employees, and then telling others that they quit.” Hagen relies on rule 404(b) of the

Minnesota Rules of Evidence. But the legislature has allowed the department to “adopt

rules on procedures for hearings under Minnesota Rules, chapter 3310,” which “need not

conform to common law or statutory rules of evidence and other technical rules of

procedure.” Minn. Stat. § 268.105, subd. 1(b) (2014). Pursuant to that statute, the

department has adopted an administrative rule that gives ULJs wide latitude in the

admission or exclusion of evidence:

              An unemployment law judge may receive any evidence that
              possesses probative value, including hearsay, if it is the type of
              evidence on which reasonable, prudent persons are accustomed


                                              8
             to rely in the conduct of their serious affairs.              An
             unemployment law judge may exclude any evidence that is
             irrelevant, immaterial, unreliable, or unduly repetitious. An
             unemployment law judge is not bound by statutory and
             common law rules of evidence. The rules of evidence may be
             used as a guide in a determination of the quality and priority of
             evidence offered.

Minn. R. 3310.2922 (2013). In light of this administrative rule, Hagen cannot establish

that the ULJ erred by misapplying rule 404(b) of the rules of evidence because the ULJ

was not bound by rule 404(b).

      In any event, the record indicates that, contrary to Hagen’s argument, the ULJ gave

her an opportunity to introduce somewhat peripheral evidence concerning another former

FFRS employee for the purpose of proving that she actually was fired by Moore. The ULJ

allowed Hagen to introduce Anderson’s testimony concerning another employee, D.B., but

Anderson’s testimony did not conform to Hagen’s proffer. The ULJ prevented Hagen from

introducing additional testimony from Anderson after it appeared that Anderson could not

give testimony to support Hagen’s specific claim concerning other former FFRS

employees. The ULJ’s limitation on Hagen’s evidence was reasonable in light of the

applicable administrative rule, which states, “An unemployment law judge may exclude

any evidence that is irrelevant, immaterial, unreliable, or unduly repetitious.” Minn. R.

3310.2922.

      Hagen also contends that the ULJ should have given her an additional hearing after

she requested reconsideration. A ULJ must order an additional hearing if a party seeking

reconsideration shows, among other things, “that evidence which was not submitted at the

hearing . . . would likely change the outcome of the decision.” Minn. Stat. § 268.105,


                                            9
subd. 2(c)(1) (2014). Hagen’s request for reconsideration does not satisfy this requirement.

Hagen submitted a written statement of Anderson, but the statement does not state that

Moore fired other employees but later claimed that the employees had quit. Thus, the ULJ

did not err by limiting Hagen’s examination of Anderson and by not ordering an additional

hearing.

       In sum, the ULJ did not err by determining that Hagen is ineligible for

unemployment benefits.

       Affirmed.




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