Filed 7/5/13


                 TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

                         This opinion has been certified for publication
                         in the official Reports. It is being sent to assist
                        the Court of Appeal in deciding whether to order
                          the case transferred to the court on the court‟s
                             own motion under rules 8.1000-8.1018.

                              CERTFIED FOR PUBLICATION
                    APPELLATE DIVISION OF THE SUPERIOR COURT
          OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA FOR THE COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES


NIVO 1 LLC,                                              )   No. BV 030104
                                                         )
        Plaintiff and Respondent,                        )   (Central Trial Court
                                                         )   No. 12U06657)
        v.                                               )
                                                         )
AMITERIA ANTUNEZ,                                        )
                                                         )
        Defendant and Appellant.                         )   OPINION
                                                         )

        APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of the Los Angeles County, Central
Trial Court, Rafael A. Ongkeko, Judge. Affirmed.
        Allen R. King for Plaintiff and Appellant.
        Sonia Servin and Carol Kim for Defendant and Respondent.
                                        *            *           *
        Plaintiff and landlord NIVO 1 LLC appeals the judgment entered in favor of defendant
and tenant Amiteria Antunez.
                                        BACKGROUND
        On May 29, 2012, plaintiff filed a complaint against defendant Amiteria Antunez
seeking past due rent and possession of the property located at 2015 ½ Echo Park Avenue in




                                                 1
Los Angeles.1 Plaintiff alleged that on a date unknown, defendant and plaintiff‟s agent entered
into a month-to-month written agreement wherein defendant agreed to pay $608 per month, that
the tenancy was subject to the City of Los Angeles Rent Stabilization Ordinance (LARSO), and
that defendant was personally served with the 3-day notice to pay rent or quit and a 3-day
notice to perform covenants or quit on May 17, 2012.
       The 3-day notice to perform stated, “Further, you [sic] in violation of paragraph 17 of
your lease agreement—you have failed to maintain a personal property insurance policy.”
Paragraph 17 of the Residential Lease Agreement provides: “INSURANCE: TENANT must
maintain a personal property insurance policy to cover any losses sustained to Tenant‟s
personal property or vehicle. It is acknowledged that LANDORD does not maintain this
insurance to cover personal property damage or loss caused by fire, theft, rain, water
overflow/leakage, acts of GOD, and/or any other causes . . . TENANT‟S failure to maintain
said policy shall be a complete waiver of TENANT‟S right to seek damages against
LANDLORD . . . .”
       On June 4, 2012, defendant filed an answer asserting various affirmative defenses. The
matter came for court trial on July 6, 2012. Pursuant to Evidence Code section 776, defendant
testified that she moved into the premises in 1998 and did not have renter‟s insurance at that
time. Defendant did not obtain renter‟s insurance after service of the notice to perform
covenant or quit. Ann Swain, the property supervisor, testified that on June 23, 2011, she
posted and mailed to defendant a notice of change of terms of tenancy. She further testified
that defendant failed to comply with the notice and did not obtain renter‟s insurance.
       The court found that defendant‟s failure to procure and maintain personal property
insurance was not a material breach, and as such, could not support a forfeiture of the lease.
Judgment was entered for defendants. Plaintiff filed this timely appeal.



       1
        The sole issue raised on appeal herein revolves around the provision in the lease agreement
requiring the tenant to obtain renter‟s personal property insurance and whether her failure to obtain
such a policy entitled plaintiff to a forfeiture of the agreement and possession of the property. We,
therefore, do not address or recite facts relating to the issue of past-due rent.
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                                          DISCUSSION
The Notice of Change of Terms of Tenancy
       Plaintiff argues that the trial court failed to apply the change of terms provision to this
case. The notice, dated June 23, 2011, sought to change the terms of the lease agreement to
render all breaches material. The provision states in pertinent part: “3. Renter agrees that
Renter‟s performance of and compliance with each of the terms of the rental agreement
constitute a condition on Renter‟s right to occupy the premises. Any failure of compliance or
performance by Renter shall allow Owner to declare a forfeiture of this agreement and
terminate Renter‟s right to possession. Any breach of the contract is a material breach.”
(Italics added.)
       LARSO, Los Angeles Municipal Code section 151.00 et seq., prohibits a landlord from
bringing an unlawful detainer action based on a unilateral change in terms of the tenancy. “A.
A landlord may bring an action to recover possession of a rental unit only upon one of the
following grounds: . . . [¶] 2. The tenant has violated a lawful obligation or covenant of the
tenancy and has failed to cure the violation after having received written notice from the
landlord, other than a violation based on . . . (c) A change in the terms of the tenancy that is not
the result of an express written agreement signed by both of the parties. For purposes of this
section, a landlord may not unilaterally change the terms of the tenancy under Civil Code
Section 827 and then evict the tenant for the violation of the added covenant unless the tenant
has agreed in writing to the additional covenant . . . .” (L.A. Mun. Code, § 151.09.A.2(c).
Italics added.) The original terms of the lease provided that a failure to maintain insurance
would merely result in a waiver of the tenant‟s rights to seek damages against the landlord.
However, the unilateral change by the plaintiff-landlord sought to alter the terms so that the
failure to maintain insurance would be deemed a material breach such that it would result in a
forfeiture of the lease agreement. Such a change of terms is invalid under the provisions of
LARSO.




                                                 3
The Breach
       The trial court found that defendant‟s failure to maintain insurance was an immaterial or
trivial breach such that it did not result in a forfeiture of the lease agreement. "Whether a
breach is so material as to constitute cause for the injured party to terminate a contract is
ordinarily a question for the trier of fact." (Whitney Investment Co. v. Westview Dev. Co.
(1969) 273 Cal.App.2d 594, 601; Brown v. Grimes (2011) 192 Cal.App.4th 265, 277; Superior
Motels, Inc. v. Rinn Motor Hotels, Inc. (1987) 195 Cal.App.3d 1032, 1051-1052.) A trial
court‟s finding that a breach was not material is reviewed under the substantial evidence
standard. (Brown v. Grimes (2011) 192 Cal.App.4th at p. 279) Substantial evidence is
evidence that “„must be of ponderable legal significance . . . [and] must be reasonable . . . ,
credible, and of solid value . . . .‟ [Citation.] The ultimate determination is whether a
reasonable trier of fact could have found for the respondent based on the whole record.
[Citation.]” (Kuhn v. Department of General Services (1994) 22 Cal. App. 4th 1627, 1633.)
       Plaintiff argues in its opening brief that “[t]here is nothing in CCP 1161(3) that requires
that the breach be substantial before a tenant can be guilty of unlawful detainer . . . .” Although
not expressly set forth in Code of Civil Procedure section 1161(3), this requirement is set forth
in case law. (Keating v. Preston (1940) 42 Cal.App.2d 110, 115; Feder v. Wreden Packing &
Provision Co. (1928) 89 Cal.App. 665, 673.) Whether a particular breach will give plaintiff
landlord the right to declare a forfeiture is based on whether the breach is material. “„The law
sensibly recognizes that although every instance of noncompliance with a contract's terms
constitutes a breach, not every breach justifies treating the contract as terminated. [Citations.]
Following the lead of the Restatements of Contracts, California courts allow termination only if
the breach can be classified as “material,” “substantial,” or “total.” [Citations.]‟” (Superior
Motels, Inc. v. Rinn Motels, Inc., supra, 195 Cal.App.3d at p. 1051.)
       At trial, the court made the factual determination that defendant‟s failure to maintain
insurance as required by paragraph 17 of the lease was not a material breach. This
determination will not be disturbed where the record supports such a finding. The trial court
heard testimony from the manager who, “[i]n terms of credibility . . . did not hold up well on

                                                 4
cross-examination.” The court found that there was no evidence that defendant had anything
worth insuring. Further, after testimony, the trial court held that the failure to comply with this
lease provision was a “trivial breach” because the “provision benefits the tenant, not the
landlord.” The court found that the trivial breach was “used and enforced only by landlord
selectively against this tenant, and no others, probably based on her being perceived as a
„problem‟ tenant who should be charged with as many breaches as possible to see what sticks.”
The distinction between a material and inconsequential breach “„is one of degree, to be
answered, if there is doubt, by the triers of the facts. . . . We must weigh the purpose to be
served, the desire to be gratified, the excuse for deviation from the letter, the cruelty of
enforced adherence. . . .‟” (Superior Motels, Inc. v. Rinn Motels, Inc., supra, 195 Cal.App.3d at
p. 1051.) In the present case, there was substantial evidence from which the court could have
found that defendant‟s failure to maintain personal property insurance did not constitute a
material breach.
                                          DISPOSITION
       Judgment is affirmed. Defendant is awarded costs on appeal.




                                                   _________________
                                                   KEOSIAN, J.

       WE CONCUR.

       _________________
       KUMAR, ACTING P. J.


       _________________
       RICCIARDULLI, J.




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