[Cite as In re Petition for Adoption of A.M.D., 2016-Ohio-6976.]
                            STATE OF OHIO, MAHONING COUNTY

                                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                                        SEVENTH DISTRICT


IN THE MATTER OF                                   )        CASE NO. 16 MA 0052
THE PETITION FOR ADOPTION OF:                      )
                                                   )
        A.M.D.                                     )
                                                   )        OPINION
                                                   )
                                                   )


CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS:                                   Civil Appeal from the Court of Common
                                                            Pleas, Probate Division, of Mahoning
                                                            County, Ohio
                                                            Case No. 2015 AD 0061

JUDGMENT:                                                   Affirmed.

APPEARANCES:

For Appellee Michael Donofrio:                              Atty. Lynn A. Maro
                                                            Maro & Schoenike Co.
                                                            7081 West Boulevard, Suite No. 4
                                                            Youngstown, Ohio 44512


For Appellant David DeSalvo:                                Atty. Andrew Zellers
                                                            Richard G. Zellers & Associates, Inc.
                                                            3810 Starrs Centre Dr.
                                                            Canfield, Ohio 44406


JUDGES:

Hon. Cheryl L. Waite
Hon. Gene Donofrio
Hon. Carol Ann Robb
                                                            Dated: September 22, 2016
[Cite as In re Petition for Adoption of A.M.D., 2016-Ohio-6976.]
WAITE, J.


        {¶1}     David DeSalvo, Appellant and biological father of A.M.D., appeals a

judgment of the Mahoning County Court of Common Pleas, Probate Division, which

determined that his consent to A.M.D.’s adoption by Michael Donofrio was not

required.      The trial court concluded that Appellant failed to have more than de

minimis contact with the child, without justifiable cause, for more than one year

immediately preceding the filing of the adoption petition. Based on the analysis set

forth below, Appellant’s assignments of error are without merit and the judgment of

the trial court is affirmed.

        {¶2}     Appellant is the biological father of A.M.D. (d.o.b. 02/08/2009).   On

October 11, 2013 A.M.D.’s mother, Erin Donofrio, married Appellee Michael Donofrio.

A.M.D. has resided with her mother, Appellee and Appellee’s son since 2011.

        {¶3}     Appellee filed a petition to adopt A.M.D. on October 2, 2015.       The

petition alleged that Appellant’s consent was not required because he had failed,

without justifiable cause, to maintain more than de minimis contact with A.M.D. for at

least one year immediately preceding the filing of the adoption petition. On October

7, 2015, a notice of hearing on the petition for adoption was filed with the trial court,

with a certified mail receipt signed by Appellant on December 1, 2015.

        {¶4}     On March 2, 2016, the probate court held a hearing to determine

whether Appellant’s consent was required for the adoption to proceed. A step-parent

home study was filed with the court which recommended that it was in A.M.D.’s best

interests that the adoption be granted. Appellant, his mother and aunt, Appellee and

A.M.D.’s mother all testified.
                                                                                    -2-

       {¶5}   Evidence was presented, and Appellant admitted, that he had no

visitation with the child since June of 2014.     (Tr., p. 124.)   Evidence was also

presented that Appellant made no telephone calls, sent no cards or letters, and had

not in any other way attempted to contact the minor child for over a year. (Tr., pp.

29-33.)

       {¶6}   Appellant testified that he had relapsed into drug addiction and had

entered a rehabilitation program from September of 2014 until June of 2015. (Tr., pp.

125, 127.) Appellant alleged that he had called and texted A.M.D.’s mother in an

attempt to contact the child. (Tr., p. 131.) Appellant acknowledged that he made no

attempt to contact the child from the time of his release in June of 2015 to October of

2015, when the adoption petition was filed. (Tr., p. 139.)

       {¶7}   In the trial court’s April 7, 2016, judgment entry, the judge concluded

that Appellant’s consent to the adoption was not needed as there had been no

justifiable cause for Appellant’s failure to contact A.M.D. The court recognized that

Appellant was in a drug rehabilitation program for a period of months, but observed

that nothing had prevented him from contacting A.M.D. at least by phone or mail

during that time. Moreover, Appellant made no attempt to contact A.M.D. for the

four-month period of time from his release from the rehabilitation program to the date

the petition was filed.

       {¶8}   Appellant presents two assignments of error for review:

                      ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER ONE
                                                                                      -3-

       The Probate Court committed an error by failing to cite the appropriate

       applicable section of the Ohio Revised Code which applies to this case.

       {¶9}   In his first assignment of error, Appellant contends the trial court erred

in citing R.C. 3107.062 in the final judgment entry rather than citing to the relevant

statute relating to consent for adoption set forth in R.C. 3107.07.

       {¶10} Although in its final judgment entry the trial court did cite R.C. 3107.062,

this appears merely to amount to a clerical error, as the court’s analysis correctly

followed the requirements of R.C. 3107.07. The trial court concluded that Appellant

was not required to provide consent to the adoption because he failed to meet even

the de minimis level of contact with A.M.D., without justifiable cause, for one year

immediately prior to the date Appellee filed his adoption petition. In addition, at the

hearing on the issue, the trial court stated:

       We are here in regards to Case Number 2015 AD 61, the Adoption of

       [A.M.D.]. We did have some prior conversations before the hearing in

       my office with counsel, and there was some discussion about the

       burden of proof and the level of proof that’s going to be necessary, and

       I just want to clarify that before we go any further. 3107.07 says that

       the burden of proof is by clear and convincing evidence that the birth

       parent has failed without justifiable cause to provide more than de

       minimus [sic] contact with the minor for at least one year immediately

       preceding the filing of the adoption petition or the placement of the

       minor in the home.
                                                                                       -4-

(Tr., p. 6.)

        {¶11} Therefore, this record demonstrates that the trial court applied the

appropriate statute and that the reference to R.C. 3107.062 amounts only to a

harmless clerical error. Appellant’s first assignment has no merit and is overruled.

                      ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER TWO

        The Probate Court committed reversible error when it held that

        Appellant, David DeSalvo, consent was not necessary in the adoption

        of his minor child because he failed to maintain more than de minimis

        contact without justifiable cause.

        {¶12} In his second assignment of error Appellant asserts the trial court erred

in concluding that his failure to contact his child was not justifiable.

        {¶13} A natural parent has a fundamental interest in the care, custody and

management of their children. Stanley v. Illinois, 405 U.S. 645, 651, 92 S.Ct. 1208,

31 L.Ed.2d 551 (1972). Because it permanently terminates a natural parent’s rights,

an adoption adversely affects that fundamental right. In re Adoption of Reams, 52

Ohio App.3d 52, 55, 557 N.E.2d 159 (1989). While careful review of the evidence is

required, this Court has held, “[a]n appellate court will not disturb a trial court’s

decision on an adoption petition unless it is against the manifest weight of the

evidence.” In re D.R., 7th Dist. No. 11 BE 11, 2011-Ohio-4755, ¶ 9 citing In re

Adoption of Masa, 23 Ohio St.3d 163, 492 N.E.2d 140 (1986).

        In determining whether a judgment is against the manifest weight of the

        evidence, we must review the entire record, weigh the evidence and all
                                                                                    -5-

      reasonable inferences, consider witness credibility, and determine

      whether, in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact “clearly

      lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice” that

      there must be a reversal of the judgment and an order for a new trial.

Stegall v. Crossman, 2d Dist. No. 20306, 2004-Ohio-4691, ¶ 29.

      {¶14} Written consent of a minor child’s natural parents is normally required

before an adoption can proceed. However, R.C. 3107.07 sets out an exception to

consent under certain circumstances. R.C. 3107.07(A) provides:

      A parent of a minor, when it is alleged in the adoption petition and the

      court, after proper service of notice and hearing, finds by clear and

      convincing evidence that the parent has failed without justifiable cause

      to provide more than de minimis contact with the minor or to provide for

      the maintenance and support of the minor as required by law or judicial

      decree for a period of at least one year immediately preceding either

      the filing of the adoption petition or the placement of the minor in the

      home of the petitioner.

      {¶15} The party petitioning for adoption has the burden of establishing, by

clear and convincing evidence, the parent at issue failed to communicate with the

child, without justifiable cause, for the statutorily mandated one-year period prior to

filing the adoption petition. In re Adoption of Holcomb, 18 Ohio St.3d 361, 368, 481

N.E.2d 613 (1985). If that burden is met, the parent then has “the burden of going

forward with the evidence * * * to show some facially justifiable cause for such
                                                                                     -6-

failure.” (Emphasis deleted.) In re Adoption of Bovett, 33 Ohio St.3d 102, 104, 515

N.E.2d 919 (1987).

      {¶16} Appellant acknowledges that he last saw or contacted his daughter in

June of 2014.    Therefore, the key issue is whether his complete absence from

A.M.D.’s life for over a year was justifiable. Appellant’s argument that his absence

was justified rests almost solely in his treatment for drug addiction. Appellant admits

he is an addict. Appellant asserts that shortly after he saw A.M.D. in June of 2014,

he relapsed and was subsequently admitted into a rehabilitation facility from

September of 2014 until June of 2015. Appellant claims that he was discouraged by

his counselors from having contact with any family members while in rehabilitation,

which inhibited his ability to contact his child. However, at hearing, Appellant and his

mother testified that he maintained regular contact with his mother during this period,

including off-site visits for lunch and shopping for two hours at a time. (Tr., pp. 79,

87, 130.) Appellant presented no evidence that he or any of his family members

contacted A.M.D.’s mother to attempt to arrange any visits between Appellant and

A.M.D. during the time Appellant was visiting other family members.

      {¶17} De minimis contact is not defined only as physical visitation with a child.

Other forms of contact and support including gifts, cards, letters, financial support

and telephone calls are also considered when analyzing whether Appellant

maintained the requisite contact. Appellant testified that he attempted to contact

A.M.D.’s mother via voicemail and text messages, utilizing his mother’s telephone.

(Tr., pp. 129-131.) However, A.M.D.’s mother testified that she had maintained the
                                                                                   -7-

same home address and cell phone number for several years and received no

contact from Appellant regarding conversing with or visiting A.M.D. during the

relevant time period. (Tr., p. 47.) While Appellant did present evidence he sent

mother text messages prior to the period relevant to this appeal, he submitted no

such evidence for the statutory period in question.

      {¶18} Appellant claims that he sent a number of gifts and holiday cards to

A.M.D. At the hearing, Appellant’s aunt testified that she took gifts to A.M.D. on one

occasion but testified that they were from other family members.         (Tr., p. 74.)

Appellant’s mother testified that gifts were taken to A.M.D. that purportedly came

from Appellant, but admitted that these had no gift tags to indicate from whom they

were sent. (Tr., p. 103.) A.M.D.’s mother agreed that neither she nor the child had

any contact at all from Appellant from October of 2014 until October of 2015 by

means of voice mail, text messages or cards. (Tr., pp. 45-46.)

      {¶19} Appellant was released from rehabilitation approximately four months

prior to the date Appellee filed the adoption petition. Appellant admits that he made

no effort to contact A.M.D. during that time period. (Tr., pp. 137-139.) Appellant

contends that he was entirely involved in getting his life back together and finding

employment and that he was also concerned that A.M.D.’s mother might have a

police report filed against him because she had contacted police to report her

harassment by Appellant’s mother in 2011. (Tr., pp.137-138.)

      {¶20} Ultimately, the trial court was not persuaded by Appellant’s testimony

and concluded that there was no justifiable cause for Appellant’s failure to maintain
                                                                                     -8-

more than a de minimis contact with A.M.D. for the year immediately preceding the

filing of the adoption petition.     Under these circumstances, where conflicting

testimony is given, the trial court is in the best position to observe the demeanor of

the parties and assess their credibility as well as decide the weight to be given to the

evidence. In re A.L.C., 7th Dist. No. 14 BE 4, 2014-Ohio-4045, ¶ 8. While Appellant

is to be applauded for his efforts at achieving sobriety and overcoming his addiction,

this does not provide a blanket waiver from contact with his child while in

rehabilitation, just as incarceration does not provide, in itself, justifiable cause for

failing to maintain a relationship with one’s child. In re D.R., ¶ 22. The record

supports the trial court’s determination that, despite having ample opportunity to

maintain and foster a relationship with his child, Appellant failed without justifiable

cause to have more than de minimis contact with A.M.D. for one year immediately

preceding the adoption petition. The trial court’s judgment is not against the manifest

weight of the evidence. Appellant’s second assignment of error is without merit and

is overruled.

       {¶21} Based on the foregoing, the trial court did not err in concluding that

Appellant’s consent was not required in order for the instant adoption to proceed.

Appellant’s assignments of error are both without merit and the judgment of the trial

court is affirmed.


Donofrio, P.J., concurs.

Robb, J., concurs.
