                          STATE OF MICHIGAN

                            COURT OF APPEALS



KENNETH J. SPEICHER,                                                 UNPUBLISHED
                                                                     November 8, 2016
               Plaintiff-Appellee,

v                                                                    No. 328609
                                                                     Van Buren Circuit Court
COLUMBIA TOWNSHIP BOARD OF                                           LC No. 10-600345-CZ
ELECTION COMMISSIONERS,

               Defendant-Appellant.


KENNETH J. SPEICHER,

               Plaintiff-Appellee,

v                                                                    No. 328611
                                                                     Van Buren Circuit Court
COLUMBIA TOWNSHIP BOARD OF                                           LC No. 12-610702-CK
ELECTION COMMISSIONERS, DANIELLE
NUISMER, LARRY BURGETT, and STACEY
CORKE,

               Defendants-Appellants.


Before: SAWYER, P.J., and MARKEY and O’BRIEN, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

       In Docket No. 328609, defendant Columbia Township Board of Election Commissioners
(the “Board”) appeals by right the trial court’s July 21, 2015 order granting plaintiff Kenneth J.
Speicher’s motion for fees and costs under MCL 15.271(4). In Docket No. 328611, defendants
appeal by right the trial court’s July 21, 2015 order granting plaintiff’s motion for fees and costs
under MCL 15.271(4). We vacate both orders and remand for further proceedings.

        The facts in these cases are not in dispute. In Docket No. 328609, plaintiff sued the
Board on October 20, 2010, alleging that the Board committed various violations of the Open
Meetings Act (“OMA”), MCL 15.261 et seq. Plaintiff requested declaratory and injunctive relief
and attorney fees. The trial court granted plaintiff’s motion for summary disposition, but denied

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his request for injunctive relief. The trial court granted plaintiff attorney fees under MCL
15.271(4), but did not grant plaintiff the entire amount of attorney fees that plaintiff claimed he
was owed. Plaintiff appealed, and this Court vacated the trial court’s award and remanded for
the trial court to determine whether plaintiff’s claim for attorney fees was clearly excessive.
Speicher v Columbia Twp Bd of Election Comm’rs, 299 Mich App 86, 89, 96; 832 NW2d 392
(2012). On remand, plaintiff sought an award for attorney fees incurred before the trial court and
on appeal. On December 22, 2014, our Supreme Court issued Speicher v Columbia Twp Bd of
Trustees, 497 Mich 125, 144; 860 NW2d 51 (2014), which held that “a person cannot recover
court costs and actual attorney fees under MCL 15.271(4) unless he or she succeeds in obtaining
injunctive relief in the action.” The Board argued that pursuant to Board of Trustees, plaintiff
was not entitled to attorney fees under the OMA because he did not obtain injunctive relief.
Plaintiff conceded that under the holding of Board of Trustees, he was not entitled to attorney
fees. He argued, however, that Board of Trustees should not apply retroactively to bar his
motion for attorney fees because it overruled precedent that had been in effect for more than 30
years which held that a plaintiff could obtain attorney fees under MCL 15.271(4) so long as the
plaintiff obtained any form of relief. The trial court agreed with plaintiff that Board of Trustees
applied prospectively only and awarded plaintiff attorney fees.

        In Docket No. 328611, plaintiff sued the Board, Nuismer, Burgett, and Corke on January
4, 2012. The three individual defendants were election commissioners. Plaintiff alleged that
defendants engaged in various violations of the OMA during meetings in October 2011. The
trial court granted defendants’ motion for summary disposition. On appeal, this Court affirmed
the trial court’s grant of summary disposition with regard to Nuismer, Burgett, and Corke, but
reversed in part with regard to the Board and remanded for entry of an order granting plaintiff
summary disposition with regard to the Board. Speicher v Columbia Twp Bd of Election
Comm’rs, unpublished opinion per curiam of the Court of Appeals, issued April 29, 2014
(Docket No. 312209). On remand, the trial court granted plaintiff summary disposition in accord
with this Court’s order. The trial court granted plaintiff declaratory relief only. Plaintiff moved
the trial court for attorney fees, including for those incurred on appeal. Defendants argued that
pursuant to the holding in Board of Trustees, plaintiff was not entitled to attorney fees because
he was not awarded injunctive relief. Plaintiff argued that Board of Trustees should not apply
retroactively. The trial court agreed with plaintiff and granted his motion for attorney fees.
Defendants appeal the trial court’s orders granting plaintiff attorney fees.

       “Whether a judicial decision should be limited to prospective application is a question of
law that we review de novo.” Adams v Dep’t of Transp, 253 Mich App 431, 434-435; 655
NW2d 625 (2002). “Michigan follows the ‘American rule’ with respect to the payment of
attorney fees and costs. Under the American rule, attorney fees generally are not recoverable
from the losing party as costs in the absence of an exception set forth in a statute or court rule
expressly authorizing such an award.” Haliw v Sterling Heights, 471 Mich 700, 706-707; 691
NW2d 753 (2005) (citation omitted). The OMA expressly authorizes an award of attorney fees
under MCL 15.271(4), which states as follows:

       If a public body is not complying with this act, and a person commences a civil
       action against the public body for injunctive relief to compel compliance or to
       enjoin further noncompliance with the act and succeeds in obtaining relief in the
       action, the person shall recover court costs and actual attorney fees for the action.

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       Until Board of Trustees was issued in 2014, this Court interpreted MCL 15.271(4) as
allowing a plaintiff to obtain an award of attorney fees even where injunctive relief was not
granted. See Speicher v Columbia Twp Bd of Trustees (On Reconsideration), 303 Mich App
475, 479-480; 843 NW2d 770 (2013), rev’d by Bd of Trustees, 497 Mich at 144-145. However,
Board of Trustees held that contrary to prior decisions of this Court, the plain language of MCL
15.271(4) provides that “court costs and actual attorney fees under MCL 15.271 may only be
awarded when a plaintiff seeks and obtains injunctive relief.” Bd of Trustees, 497 Mich at 134.

        In this case, although plaintiff sought injunctive relief in both lower court cases, he was
granted only declaratory relief. Therefore, in accordance with the plain language of MCL
15.271(4), plaintiff is not entitled to attorney fees or court costs. Bd of Trustees, 497 Mich at
143-144. Plaintiff’s argument that Board of Trustees should apply prospectively only is without
merit. This Court has already explicitly held that Board of Trustees applies retroactively.
Citizens for a Better Algonac Community Schs v Algonac Community Schs, ___ Mich App ___,
___; ___ NW2d ___ (Docket No. 326583, issued September 8, 2016); slip op at 6-7. The trial
court erred in holding otherwise and in awarding plaintiff attorney fees under the OMA. Id.

       We vacate the trial court’s orders in Docket Nos. 328609 and 328611 granting plaintiff’s
motions for attorney fees and costs under MCL 15.271(4) and remand for further proceedings
consistent with this opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction.

                                                            /s/ David H. Sawyer
                                                            /s/ Jane E. Markey
                                                            /s/ Colleen A. O'Brien




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