[Cite as State v. McMeen, 2014-Ohio-5482.]




                      IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                          THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
                               SENECA COUNTY




STATE OF OHIO,

        PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE,                           CASE NO. 13-14-26

        v.

SETH E. McMEEN,                                       OPINION

        DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.




                    Appeal from Tiffin-Fostoria Municipal Court
                           Trial Court No. CRB1400655

                      Judgment Reversed and Cause Remanded

                         Date of Decision: December 15, 2014




APPEARANCES:

        John M. Kahler, II for Appellant

        Richard H. Palau for Appellee
Case No. 13-14-26


ROGERS, J.

        {¶1} Defendant-Appellant, Seth E. McMeen, appeals the judgment of the

Tiffin-Fostoria Municipal Court finding him guilty of inducing panic and

discharging a firearm, sentencing him to thirty days in jail, and ordering the

forfeiture of two of his firearms. On appeal, McMeen argues that the trial court

erred by: (1) ordering the forfeiture of his firearms because it lacked the statutory

authority to do so; (2) impermissibly modifying his sentence; (3) denying him due

process; and (4) violating his double jeopardy rights. For the reasons that follow,

we reverse the trial court’s judgment.

        {¶2} On June 3, 2014, two complaints were filed in the Tiffin-Fostoria

Municipal Court in Case No. CRB 1400655A, B charging McMeen with one

count of inducing panic in violation of R.C. 2917.31, a misdemeanor of the first

degree, and one count of discharging firearms in violation of Tiffin City

Ordinance § 549.08, a misdemeanor of the fourth degree. Neither complaint

contained a forfeiture specification. See (CRB 1400655A, B Docket No. 1). The

complaints arose from McMeen’s alleged conduct of firing a hand gun out of the

window of his apartment.

        {¶3} On August 6, 2014, McMeen entered a plea of no contest to both

charges. He was found guilty of both charges and sentenced to serve 30 days in

jail.   On August 27, 2014, Lieutenant Aaron Russell of the Tiffin Police


                                         -2-
Case No. 13-14-26


Department filed two Applications for Disposition of Property. Each application

cited R.C. 2933.41 and stated that the two firearms were subject to forfeiture

because McMeen used the firearms in the commission of a crime. The trial court

granted both applications that same day.

       {¶4} On August 29, 2014, McMeen filed an “Objection to Forfeiture of

Firearms and Motion to Vacate Forfeiture Order.” McMeen argued that the two

firearms were not subject to forfeiture under R.C. 2981.02 and also argued that his

complaints lacked a forfeiture specification contrary to R.C. 2941.1417. The trial

court never ruled on McMeen’s “objection.”

       {¶5} McMeen filed this timely appeal from his sentencing entries and

forfeiture orders, presenting the following assignments of error for our review.

                            Assignment of Error No. I

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ORDERING THE
       CRIMINAL FORFEITURE OF THE APPELLANT’S
       FIREARMS, NAMELY A TAURUS .44 MAGNUM YE300377
       AND A ONE COLT GOV’T PISTOL S/N K016259, BECAUSE
       THE TRIAL COURT LACKED THE STATUTORY
       AUTHORITY TO ORDER THE FORFEITURE OF THE
       APPELLANT’S FIREARMS.

                           Assignment of Error No. II

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ORDERING THE
       CRIMINAL FORFEITURE OF THE APPELLANT’S
       FIREARMS, NAMELY A TAURUS .44 MAGNUM YE300377
       AND A COLT GOV’T PISTOL S/N K016259, BECAUSE THE
       ORDER OF FOREFEITURE OF THE APPELLANT’S


                                        -3-
Case No. 13-14-26


       FIREARMS WAS AN IMPERMISSIBLE MODIFICATION
       OF SENTENCE.

                           Assignment of Error No. III

       THE TRIAL COURT DENIED THE APPELLANT HIS
       RIGHT OF DUE PROCESS WHERE THE TRIAL COURT
       ORDERED THE FORFEITURE OF THE APPELLANT’S
       FIREARMS WITHOUT NOTICE AND WITHOUT THE
       OPPORTUNITY TO BE HEARD AT HEARING.

                           Assignment of Error No. IV

       BY ORDERING THE CRIMINAL FORFEITURE OF THE
       APPELLANT’S FIREARMS AFTER SENTENCING THE
       TRIAL COURT VIOLATED THE APPELLANT’S DOUBLE
       JEOPARDY RIGHTS UNDER BOTH THE UNITED STATES
       AND THE OHIO CONSTITUTIONS.

       {¶6} Before we can reach the merits of McMeen’s assignments of error, we

must preliminarily decide whether the trial court’s judgment entry was a final,

appealable order.    The Ohio Court of Appeals is only vested with appellate

jurisdiction over final and appealable orders.     Ohio Constitution, Article IV,

Section 3(B)(2). If a judgment appealed from is not a final order, an appellate

court has no jurisdiction to consider it and the appeal must be dismissed. State v.

O’Black, 3d Dist. Allen No. 1-09-46, 2010-Ohio-192, ¶ 4.

       {¶7} The State argues that the trial court’s judgment is not a final

appealable order for two reasons. First it argues that the trial court must have

incorporated the criminal forfeiture order into its sentencing entry to constitute a

final, appealable order. The State relies on an opinion from this court, State v.

                                        -4-
Case No. 13-14-26


Stults, 195 Ohio App.3d 488, 2011-Ohio-4328 (3d.Dist.), which held that a

criminal-forfeiture order made pursuant to R.C. 2981.04 is part of the “sentence”

for purposes of Crim.R. 32(C). Id. at ¶ 23. Therefore, in accordance with the

Ohio Supreme Court’s decision in State v. Baker, 119 Ohio St.3d 197, 2008-Ohio-

3330, we found that a criminal-forfeiture order must be incorporated into the

judgment entry of sentence in order for it to be a final, appealable order. Id.

        {¶8} Our decision in Stults recognized that the Eighth District Court of

Appeals had already similarly concluded that a criminal-forfeiture order must be

made part of the judgment entry of sentence to be a final, appealable order under

Baker. Id. at ¶ 16; see also State v. Harris, 190 Ohio App.3d 417, 2010-Ohio-

5374, ¶ 7 (8th Dist.), rev’d 132 Ohio St.3d 318, 2012-Ohio-1908 (“Harris I”). We

also acknowledged that the State had appealed Harris I, and the Ohio Supreme

Court had accepted review of its decision. State v. Harris, 128 Ohio St.3d 1425,

2011-Ohio-1049.

        {¶9} Shortly after we released the Stults opinion, the Ohio Supreme Court

issued its decision and held that “[f]orfeiture is a civil, not a criminal, penalty.

Accordingly, the trial court was not required to include forfeiture of items in the

judgment of conviction.” (Emphasis added.) State v. Harris, 132 Ohio St.3d 318,

2012-Ohio-1908, ¶ 30 (“Harris II”).1 Therefore, the State’s argument is not well-


1
  We find this holding difficult to comprehend since the General Assembly has included forfeiture in the
criminal statutes and mandated that a forfeiture specification be included in the indictment.

                                                  -5-
Case No. 13-14-26


taken, as “a journal entry of conviction need not include a nonmandatory, related

forfeiture in order to be a final, appealable order pursuant to Crim.R. 32(C).” Id.

at ¶ 35.2

        {¶10} Furthermore, this case may be distinguished from Stults and Harris

by the fact that no specification was included in the original complaint, the post

sentence motion for forfeiture was based on a repealed statute, and the order of

forfeiture was totally without any basis of authority.

        {¶11} The State also argues that the trial court’s judgment is a not a final,

appealable order because it has yet to rule of McMeen’s objection to the forfeiture

order. However, as we explained supra, the trial court’s judgment was a final,

appealable order, and the court’s failure to rule on this motion does not render an

otherwise final, appealable order interlocutory. Hager v. Norfolk & W. Ry. Co.,

8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 87553, 2006-Ohio-6580, ¶ 64, fn. 33, citing Savage v.

Cody-Ziegler, Inc., 4th Dist. Athens No. 06CA5, 2006-Ohio-2760, ¶ 1.

                                   Assignment of Error No. I

        {¶12} In his first assignment of error, McMeen argues that the trial court

erred in ordering the forfeiture of his two firearms. Specifically, McMeen argues

that his firearms were not subject to forfeiture under R.C. 2981.02 and that the

complaints charging him did not comply with R.C. 2981.04. We agree.


2
  We note that the State chose not to address the merits of McMeen’s assignments of error, and instead,
focused solely on whether the forfeiture constituted a final, appealable order.

                                                 -6-
Case No. 13-14-26


       {¶13} Generally, forfeitures of property are not favored under Ohio law.

State v. Brownridge, 3d Dist. Marion No. 9-09-24, 2010-Ohio-104, ¶ 22; State v.

Clark, 173 Ohio App.3d 719, 2007-Ohio-6235, ¶ 8 (3d Dist.). “ ‘Whenever

possible, [forfeiture] statutes must be construed as to avoid a forfeiture of

property.’ ” Clark at ¶ 8, quoting State v. Lilliock, 70 Ohio St.2d 23, 26 (1982).

Further, statutes “ ‘in derogation of private property rights’ are strictly construed

against the state.” State v. Brimacombe, 195 Ohio App.3d 524, 2011-Ohio-5032, ¶

32 (6th Dist.), quoting Lilliock at 26. Therefore, a forfeiture will not be presumed.

Brimacombe at ¶ 32.

       {¶14} We begin our analysis by noting that the Applications for Disposition

of Property and the trial court’s forfeiture orders cite R.C. 2933.41 and not Ohio’s

current forfeiture statute, Chapter R.C. 2981, which was enacted over seven years

ago. Effective July 1, 2007, R.C. 2933.41 was repealed and replaced with a

“significantly different and comprehensive scheme under R.C. Chapter 2981.”

Brimacombe at ¶ 33. R.C. 2981.01 through 2981.14 “define and establish the

mandatory procedures for the forfeiture of property involved in or relating to,

certain offenses. They also delineate the notice requirements, procedures, and

hearings * * * for reviewing the proportionality of a particular forfeiture in

relation to the value of the property involved.” Id.




                                         -7-
Case No. 13-14-26


      {¶15} R.C. 2981.02(A) identifies three different categories of property that

are subject to forfeiture, i.e., contraband involved in an offense, proceeds derived

from or acquired through the commission of an offense, and

      [a]n instrumentality that is used in or intended to be used in the
      commission or facilitation of any of the following offenses when the
      use or intended use, consistent with division (B) of this section, is
      sufficient to warrant forfeiture under this chapter:

      (a) A felony;

      (b) A misdemeanor, when forfeiture is specifically authorized by a
          section of the Revised Code or by a municipal ordinance that
          creates the offense or sets forth its penalties;

      (c) An attempt to commit, complicity in committing, or a
          conspiracy to commit an offense of the type described in
          divisions (A)(3)(a) and (b) of this section.

(Emphasis added.) R.C. 2981.02(A)(3).

      {¶16} Here, McMeen’s firearms are not “contraband” or “proceeds.” The

only question to decide on appeal is whether McMeen’s use of the firearms

conformed with R.C. 2981.02(A)(3) and subjected the firearms to forfeiture. First,

we note that McMeen was not charged with a felony or an attempt to commit,

complicity in committing, or conspiracy to commit a felony. Instead, McMeen

was charged with two misdemeanors: inducing panic in violation of R.C. 2917.31

and discharging a firearm in violation of Tiffin Municipal Ordinance § 549.08.

Neither R.C. 2917.31 nor Tiffin Municipal Ordinance § 549.08 specifically



                                        -8-
Case No. 13-14-26


authorize forfeiture.   Therefore, under R.C. 2981.02(A)(3)(b), McMeen’s two

firearms were not subject to forfeiture.

       {¶17} Moreover, R.C. 2981.04(A)(1) requires that

       [p]roperty described in division (A) of section 2981.02 of the
       Revised Code may be forfeited under this section only if the
       complaint, indictment, or information charging the offense or
       municipal violation, or the complaint charging the delinquent act,
       contains a specification of the type described in section 2941.1417 of
       the Revised Code that sets forth all of the following to the extent it is
       reasonably known at the time of the filing:

       (a) The nature and extent of the alleged offender’s or delinquent
           child’s interest in the property;

       (b) A description of the property;

       (c) If the property is alleged to be an instrumentality, the alleged
           use or intended use of the property in the commission or
           facilitation of the offense.

(Emphasis added.)

       {¶18} In the case sub judice, the two complaints charging McMeen did not

contain the specification required under R.C. 2981.04. “Given this deficiency, the

trial court has no authority to order the handgun[s] forfeited.” State v. Haymond,

5th Dist. Stark No. 2009-CA-00078, 2009-Ohio-6817, ¶ 35, citing State v.

Coleman, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 91058, 2009-Ohio-1611, ¶ 76.

       {¶19} In conclusion, we find that McMeen was never provided with notice

that the State intended to seek forfeiture of his two firearms, and further, that his

two firearms were not property subject to forfeiture.

                                           -9-
Case No. 13-14-26


       {¶20} Accordingly, McMeen’s first assignment of error is sustained.

                      Assignments of Error Nos. II, III, & IV

       {¶21} In McMeen’s second, third, and fourth assignments of error, he

argues that the trial court erred by ordering the forfeiture because it impermissibly

modified his sentence, denied him his right to due process, and violated his right

against double jeopardy. Our disposition of McMeen’s first assignment of error

renders his second, third, and fourth assignments of error moot, and we decline to

address them. App.R. 12(A)(1)(c).

       {¶22} Having found error prejudicial to McMeen in the first assignment of

error, we reverse the judgment of the trial court and remand this matter for further

proceedings consistent with this opinion.

                                                           Judgment Reversed and
                                                                Cause Remanded

SHAW and PRESTON, J.J., concur.

/jlr




                                        -10-
