[Cite as State v. Rhodes, 2011-Ohio-5153.]


                Court of Appeals of Ohio
                               EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                  COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA


                              JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
                                  Nos. 95683 and 96337



                                      STATE OF OHIO
                                               PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE

                                                vs.

                                    VINCENT RHODES
                                               DEFENDANT-APPELLANT




                                             JUDGMENT:
                                              AFFIRMED


                                    Criminal Appeal from the
                             Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                                      Case No. CR-509952

        BEFORE: Cooney, J., Stewart, P.J., and Rocco, J.

        RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: October 6, 2011
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ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT

Robert L. Tobik
Cuyahoga County Public Defender

By: Erika B. Cunliffe
Assistant Public Defender
310 Lakeside Avenue
Suite 200
Cleveland, Ohio 44113

Vincent Rhodes
Inmate No. 563-626
Trumbull Correctional Institution
P.O. Box 901
Leavittsburg, Ohio 44430


ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE

William D. Mason
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor

By: Kristin Karkutt
Assistant County Prosecutor
9th Floor, Justice Center
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113




COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, J.:
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          {¶ 1} In   this   consolidated    appeal,   defendant-appellant,   Vincent Rhodes

(“Rhodes”), appeals from a judgment resentencing him to a seven-year term of

incarceration and a $250 fine plus court costs. 1 We find no merit to the appeal and

affirm.

          {¶ 2} Following Rhodes’s convictions for kidnapping and aggravated robbery, the

trial court imposed seven-year sentences for each offense and ordered them to run

consecutively. The court also ordered Rhodes to pay a $500 fine and court costs, and

Rhodes appealed. This court affirmed the judgment in part and remanded the case for

resentencing because the two crimes were allied offenses. State v. Rhodes, Cuyahoga

App. No. 93133, 2010-Ohio-1207.

          {¶ 3} At the resentencing hearing, the court imposed a single seven-year prison

sentence for aggravated robbery.           The transcript of the court’s pronouncement of

sentence reads: “The new sentence would be $250 in costs, seven years at Lorain

Correctional Institution.” The sentencing journal entry, however, states:

          “The State of Ohio elects aggravated robbery as the count to be sentenced under.
          New Sentence is 7 years and a fine of $250.00 and court costs. * * *” (Emphasis
          added.)

          {¶ 4} Rhodes filed a timely notice of appeal. While this appeal was pending, on

January 24, 2011, the State filed a motion to correct the record pursuant to App.R. 9(E)



           Both Rhodes, pro se, and his appellate counsel filed separate appeals challenging the
          1


resentencing order.
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arguing that the phrase “250 in costs” in the transcript was not accurate because it was the

court’s practice to impose a $250 fine and costs. In other words, the State claimed the

phrase “$250 in costs” constituted a typographical error and did not accurately capture

what the court pronounced at the hearing.

       {¶ 5} On January 25, 2011, the court held a hearing and appointed counsel for

Rhodes, but not his appellate counsel. Counsel waived Rhodes’s presence at the hearing

and conceded that the court routinely imposes both a fine and court costs when sentencing

defendants, suggesting that a cap on court costs and no fine must have been a mistake.

At the conclusion of the hearing, the court issued an order (the “January 25th journal

entry”) correcting the record to read: “$250 fine and court costs.”

       {¶ 6} The State moved, pursuant to App.R. 9(E), to supplement the record with

the transcript from the hearing and the January 25th journal entry. This court granted the

motion and permitted supplemental briefing on any issues pertaining to the new

information in the record.

       {¶ 7} Rhodes moved to strike the January 25th journal entry, claiming the hearing

and subsequent journal entry violated his constitutional right to due process and right of

confrontation. The merits of this motion and the validity of the January 25th journal entry

are central to this appeal and are addressed together.

       {¶ 8} In his sole assignment of error, Rhodes argues the court enhanced his

penalty outside his presence by imposing a $250 fine and the full amount of the court
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costs.    Rhodes contends the previous journal entry provided a $250 cap on court costs

and no fine.     He maintains that the words “$250 in costs” was not a clerical error, that

the court intended to cap costs at $250 and not impose any fine as part of the sentence.

We disagree.

         {¶ 9} The trial court is required, by law, to assess court costs in every case, even

in cases in which the defendant has been deemed indigent for purposes of appointment of

counsel. State v. White, 103 Ohio St.3d 580, 2004-Ohio-5989, 817 N.E.2d 393, ¶8; R.C.

2947.23. Further, the court may only grant a waiver of court costs if the defendant

makes a motion at the time of sentencing.          State v. Threatt, 108 Ohio St.3d 277,

2006-Ohio-905, 843 N.E.2d 164, paragraph two of the syllabus. Therefore, the court

could not have capped the amount of court costs absent a motion requesting a portion of

the costs be waived. Rhodes did not seek a waiver of court costs, and the court lacked

authority to “cap” costs at any amount less than the full amount.

         {¶ 10} Court costs are charged in every case, and the amount of court costs varies

from case to case depending on what activity took place while the case was pending.

The clerk of courts keeps track of the costs as they accrue, and judges rarely, if ever,

know the amount of court costs accrued in any given case. Thus, it is not feasible that a

judge would cap court costs at a specific amount. In light of the court’s lack of authority

to cap costs and the reality that judges rarely know the amount of costs accrued in a case,
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it is obvious that the words “$250 in costs” constituted an error in the court reporter’s

transcription rather than an intent to cap costs and impose no fine.

       {¶ 11} We note that, generally, a court speaks only through its journal entries and

not by oral pronouncement. State v. Brooke, 113 Ohio St.3d 199, 2007-Ohio-1533, 863

N.E.2d 1024, ¶47.        There is an exception, however, in criminal cases because the

defendant has a constitutional right to be present at every stage of the proceedings and to

know his sentence at the sentencing hearing. Crim.R. 43. Thus, if the sentence set forth

in the judgment entry differs from that pronounced in the defendant’s presence, the

judgment entry is invalid.          State v. Carpenter (Oct. 9, 1996), Hamilton App. No.

C-950889. Where the discrepancy between the transcript and the journal entry is caused

by a typographical error in the transcript, the defendant is not prejudiced and the

judgment entry is valid. State v. Babers (June 4, 1992), Seneca App. No. 13-91-55.

       {¶ 12} App.R. 9(E) authorizes the trial court to correct misstatements in the record

upon “proper suggestion or of its own initiative.” Nothing in App.R. 9(E) requires the

court to hold a hearing. This is especially true when the misstatement is clearly a

typographical error.2      Nevertheless, since the court decided to hold a hearing, the better

practice would have been to notify both Rhodes and his appellate counsel of the

scheduled hearing and give them the opportunity to be heard, especially since the State’s

motion directly affected the sole issue in Rhodes’s appeal. However, since the January


           Crim.R. 36 also allows the trial court to correct clerical errors in the record at any time.
       2
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25, 2011 entry was obviously entered to correct a clerical error and nothing either Rhodes

or his counsel could have said would have changed the outcome, Rhodes was not

prejudiced by their absence from the hearing.

       {¶ 13} Having determined that the January 25, 2011 journal entry properly

corrected the clerical error in the transcript to reflect what the court actually pronounced

at the sentencing hearing, Rhodes’s second appeal, which claims the sentencing journal

entry modified his sentence, is moot.

       {¶ 14} Accordingly, the sole assignment of error is overruled.

       Judgment affirmed.

       It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant costs herein taxed.

       It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common

pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s conviction having

been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated. Case remanded to the trial court

for execution of sentence.

       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of

the Rules of Appellate Procedure.


______________________________________________
COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, JUDGE

MELODY J. STEWART, P.J., and
KENNETH A. ROCCO, J., CONCUR
