                                                                    REISSUED FOR PUBLICATION
                                    ORIGINAL                                     MAR 12 2018
                                                                                    OSM
                                                                        U.S. COURT OF FEDERAL CLAIMS
     Jrn tbe mtniteb ~tate% <!Court of jfeberal C!Claim%
                              OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
                                    Filed: February 15, 2018

* * * * * * * * * *                        UNPUBLISHED                            FILED
A.M., a Minor, by Parents and                *
Natural Guardians: SEAN MILLER               *                                   FEB 1 5 2018
and APRIL MILLER,                            *                                  U.S. COURT OF
                                             *      No. 16-883V                FEDERAL CLAIMS
               Petitioners,                  *
                                             *
v.                                           *      Chief Special Master Dorsey
                                             *
SECRETARY OF HEALTH                          *
AND HUMAN SERVICES,                          *      Petitioners' Costs. Incurred Costs.
                                             *      Payment for MRI .
               Respondent.                   *
                                             *
* * * * * * * * * *
Mr. Sean and Mrs. April Miller, prose.
Ann Donohue Martin, U.S Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., for respondent.

                              DECISION AWARDING COSTS 1

        On July 25, 2016, Sean and April Miller ("petitioners") filed a pro se petition for
compensation in the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program2 ("the Program") on behalf
of their minor child, A.M. Petitioners alleged that A.M. suffered skin rashes and Autism
Spectrum Disorder ("ASD") as a result of multiple vaccinations she received on June 27, 2014,


1 This decision will be posted on the website of the United States Court of Federal Claims'
website, in accordance with the E-Government Act of2002, 44 U.S.C. § 3501 (2012). This
means the Decision will be available to anyone with access to the internet. As provided by
42 U.S .C. § 300aa-12(d)(4)B), however, the parties may objection to the published Decision's
inclusion of certain kinds of confidential information. Specifically, Under Vaccine Rule 18(b),
each party has 14 days within which to request redaction "of any information furnished by that
pmty: (1) that is a trade secret or commercial or financial in substance and is privileged or
confidential; or (2) that includes medical files or similm· files, the disclosure of which would
constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy." Vaccine Rule 18(b). Otherwise, the
whole decision will be available to the public in its current f01m. Id.

2 The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program is set forth in Part 2 of the National
Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755, codified as amended,
42 U.S.C. §§ 300aa-1 to -34 (2012) ("Vaccine Act" or "the Act"). All citations in this decision
to individµal sections of the Vaccine Act are to 42 U.S.C. § 300aa.
and August 21, 2014, respectively. Petition at Preamble.

        On October 31, 2017, the undersigned issued a Decision dismissing petitioners' petition
for failure to prosecute. Decision dated Oct. 31, 2017 (ECF No. 24). Judgment entered on
December 7, 2017. (ECF No. 26).

       On December 26, 2017, petitioners filed a Motion for Litigation Costs, wherein they
requested a total of $5,848.31 in reimbursement for medical testing, medical records, copies, and
legal work performed by Mr. Miller, a licensed paralegal. Petitioners' Application ("Pet. App.")
dated December 26, 2017 (ECF No. 28).

       On January 9, 2018, respondent filed a response to petitioners' motion for litigation costs.
Respondent's Response ("Resp.") dated January 9, 2018 (ECF No. 29). Respondent deferred to
the undersigned's discretion to determine the appropriate amount of petitioners' costs. Id. at 2.
Respondent also argued that prose litigants are not entitled to receive compensation for time spent
performing legal work. Id. at 3 (citing Uscher v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 15-798V,
2017 WL 837693, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. March 3, 2017)).

       Petitioners filed a reply on January 22, 2018. Petitioners' Reply ("Pet. Reply") dated
January 22, 2018 (ECF No. 30). Petitioners argue that Mr. Sean Miller holds a Bachelor of
Science Degree in Paralegal Services from Kaplan University and was trained in legal research
and writing. Id. at 1. Petitioners stated that they researched services of other attorneys to help
them with their case but that the "fees range[d] from $100 [per] hour to 33% of the reward [plus]
an additional $5,000 for retainer fees and administration costs." Id. Petitioners thus argue that
Mr. Miller's fees are reasonable and should be paid in full, as he only charged $55.00 per hour for
16 hours of legal research, for a total of $4,400.00. Id. (citing Martinez v. Johary, 2010 WL
4056018 (M.D. Florida Oct. 15, 2010) (in an order awarding attorneys' fees and costs, plaintiffs
paralegal was compensated at a rate of $100.00 per hour for work performed on a Fair Labor
Standards Act case).

       This matter is now ripe for adjudication. For the reasons discussed below, the undersigned
awards petitioners a total of$1,448.31 in costs.

       I.      Relevant Procedural History

       The initial status conference was held in petitioners' case on August 25, 2016. Order
dated August 29, 2016 (ECF No. 7). Petitioners filed additional medical records on September
29, 2016. 3 Respondent filed a Rule 4(c) Report on January 26, 2017.

        During a status conference on February 23, 2017, the undersigned explained that
petitioners would need to file an expert rep01t. An Order to Show Cause was issued on


3 These records were marked "Supplemental Attachments" and are referenced herein as "Pet'rs'
Supp. Att.".
                                                2
February 27, 2017, and petitioners were given until April 28, 2017, to file an expe1i report in
their case. Order to Show Cause dated Feb. 27, 2017 (ECF No. 15).

        On March 27, 2017, petitioners requested an extension until October 2017 to file an
expert report, in compliance with the undersigned's February 27, 2017 Order to Show Cause.
Petitioners stated that they inquired at several clinics and hospitals near their home in hopes of
retaining an expert. When these attempts proved unsuccessful, petitioners set up an
appointment for AM. at the Children's Hospital in Omaha, Nebraska ("Children's Hospital).
During a status conference on April 6, 2017, the undersigned granted petitioners' motion and
ordered them to file a status report by Friday, October 20, 2017, updating the Court as to the
diagnosis and testing results from A.M. 's medical appointment at the Children's Hospital.

         On September 5, 2017, petitioners filed a status report containing information regarding
A.M. 's appointments at the Children's Hospital during the summer of 2017. Petitioners stated
that at an appointment on July 14, 2017, she underwent medical testing. Petitioner filed
documentation of this visit as Exhibit A. On July 31, 2017, AM. underwent an MRI of the
brain, and petitioners filed her MRI results as Exhibit B. Petitioners stated that A.M. was
diagnosed with gliosis and seizure-like activity on August I, 2017. On October 6, 2017,
petitioners filed additional medical records from these visits, where the clinicians noted that
"there is a strong possibility that [AM.'s ASD] is associated with another medical/genetic
condition." Pet. Status Report dated Oct. 6, 2017 (ECF No. 22), Ex.Fat 5, 7.

       II.     Discussion

               a. Costs for Mr. Miller's Paralegal Work

        The Vaccine Act provides that a petitioner may be compensated for "(A) reasonable
attorneys' fees and (B) other costs, incurred in any proceeding." §l l(e)(l) (emphasis added).
The requirement that attorneys' fees be reasonable also applies to costs. McCulloch v. Sec'y of
Health & Human Servs., 09-293V, 2015 WL 5634323, at *5 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. I, 2015)
(citing Perreira v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 27 Fed. Cl. 29, 34 (Fed. Cl. 1992)).

        Past Vaccine Program cases have concluded that a cost is only "incurred" when the
petitioner assumes a legal obligation. Kooi v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 05-438V, 2007
WL 5161800, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Nov. 21, 2007); see also Black v. Sec'y of Health &
Human Servs., 90-3 l 95V, 33 Fed. Cl. 546, 550 (1995) ("One incurs an expense, therefore, at the
moment one becomes legally liable ... "), aff'd, 93 F.3d 781 (Fed. Cir. 1996); Jessen v. Sec'y of
Health & Human Servs., 1995 WL 561714 (Fed. Cl. 1995) (explaining that losing an oppmiunity
to earn money is not incurring an expense). This legal obligation arises most frequently when the
petitioner hires another person, such as a lawyer or medical expert, to work on the case. Kooi,
2007 WL 5161800, at *2 (stating that "in the context of attorneys' fees, a legal obligation can be
established tln·ough an attorney-client relationship").

       Petitioners argue that Mr. Miller should be compensated for his paralegal work at a rate of

                                                 3
$55.00 per hour, because this rate is cheaper than the rates of other attorneys and paralegals whom
petitioners contacted to represent them in their case. Pet. Reply at !. While it may be true that
Mr. Miller's rate of $55.00 per hour is lower than the rates of other paralegals who practice in the
Vaccine Program, Mr. Miller is not entitled to receive compensation for work performed on his
own case, because a special master can only reimburse petitioners for reasonable expenses
"incurred" in the prosecution of their claim.

        Petitioners are not legally obligated to personally devote time and money towards pursuing
a claim. Instead, petitioners' actions reflect a personal desire to help their child. While this
behavior is admirable, it is not legally compensable. For this reason, the Vaccine Program
consistently denies' petitioners requests to be compensated for their own work, time, and lost
wages. For example, in Karbusheva v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 13-040V, 2016 WL
3022101 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Feb. 26, 2016), the undersigned ruled that a prose petitioner could
not be reimbursed for her own "time spent on the matter." In Kooi, then Chief-Special Master
Golkiewicz refused to reimburse the petitioner's husband, a lawyer, for the time he spent
researching the Vaccine Program, identifying an experienced attorney to appear in the case, and
working on the petition. 2007 WL 5161800. And in Riley v. Sec'y of Health & Human SErvs.,
90-466V, 1992 WL 892300 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. March 26, 1992), the special master did not
reimburse a father for the time spent pursuing a vaccine injury claim on behalf of his son.

        Similarly, in this case, petitioners cannot be reimbursed for the paralegal work that Mr.
Miller pe1formed. Like the petitioners in Karbusheva, Kooi, and Riley. he was personally
invested in the case but was not legally obligated to spend his time on it. Therefore, petitioners
did not "incur" the costs of his paralegal work. Thus, the undersigned reduces petitioners'
costs application by $4,400.00.

               b. Costs for A.M.'s Medical Testing

        Petitioners request a total of $1,443.51 in costs for "medical testing," including an MRI
and anesthesia. Pet. App. at 1. In supp01t of this request, petitioners filed a statement from
Children's Hospital and Medical Center in Omaha, Nebraska, stating that their patient account
held a balance of $1,443.51. Pet. App. at 3. Petitioners did not provide any other documentation
showing the actual cost of these services.

        The visit to Omaha Children's Hospital and A.M. 's MRI confirmed her diagnosis of ASD,
which was relevant evidence that was important in the undersigned's dismissal of the case.
Because the undersigned characterizes the MRI expenses as being incurred for the purposes of
resolving the causation issues in this case, she will reimburse petitioners for the $1,443.51 they
incurred for A.M.' s MRI.

               c. Other Costs

       Petitioners further request $4.80 in reimbursement for medical record fees and copies.
Pet. App. at 1. The undersigned finds this request reasonable and will reimburse it in full.

                                                 4
         III.   Conclusion

         Accordingly, the undersigned awards:

         A lump sum in the amount of $1,448.31, representing reimbursement for petitioners'
         costs, in the form of a check payable to petitioners, Mr. Sean and Mrs. April Miller.

         In the absence of a motion for review filed pursuant to RCFC Appendix B, the Clerk of
         Court SHALL ENTER JUDGMENT in accordance with this decision.4

         IT IS SO ORDERED.



Dated:     r) . /~ · d 0/~
                                                     Nora Beth Dorsey
                                                     Chief Special Master




4 Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 1l(a), entry of judgment is expedited by the parties' joint filing of
notice renouncing the right to seek review.
                                               5
