                             UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                             FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA


Dukhan Mumin,                                )
                                             )
       Plaintiff,                            )
                                             )
               v.                            )        Civil Action No. 17-0726 (UNA)
                                             )
Eric Holder et al.,                          )
                                             )
       Defendants.                           )
                                             )


                                    MEMORANDUM OPINION

       This matter is before the Court on its review of plaintiff’s pro se complaint and

application for leave to proceed in forma pauperis. For the reasons explained below, the in

forma pauperis application will be granted and this case will be dismissed pursuant to 28 U.S.C.

§ 1915A, which requires immediate dismissal of a prisoner’s complaint that fails to state a claim

upon which relief can be granted.

       “A complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to

relief that is plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell

Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). Plaintiff is a Nebraska state prisoner. He

alleges that in 2015, pursuant to the False Claims Act (“FCA”), 31 U.S.C. § 3729 et seq., he

submitted a qui tam complaint to the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) against the Nebraska

Department of Health and Human Services (“NDHHS”). According to plaintiff, that state

agency “solicit[ed] funds from the federal government to assist those recipients on ADC . . . in

rising above the poverty line, but diverted the funds for . . . uses other than what they were

designed to address.” Compl. ¶ 11. Allegedly, in response to plaintiff’s recent inquiry to DOJ,
                                                  1
the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) informed him “that an

investigation would not be conducted and dismissed the case.” 1 Id. ¶ 15. Plaintiff claims that he

“is entitled to pursue a qui tam action pursuant to law,” and that defendants’ conduct “represents

a collaboration and conspiracy to violate [his] constitutional rights, by depriving him of an

opportunity to recover at least 15% of all fines and penalties collected from the NDHHS for their

fraudulent activity.” Id. ¶¶ 17-18. Therefore, plaintiff demands “compensation of at least 15%

of all fines and penalties collected from the NDHHS . . . between 1987 to the present” and

punitive damages. Id. at 5.

        The FCA authorizes “[a] person [to] bring a civil action . . . for the person and for the

United States Government[,]” but “[t]he action shall be brought in the name of the Government.”

31 U.S.C. § 3730. Therefore, it is established in this circuit that “pro se parties may not pursue

[qui tam] actions on behalf of the United States.” Walker v. Nationstar Mortg. LLC, 142 F.

Supp. 3d 63, 65 (D.D.C. 2015) (quoting U.S. ex rel. Fisher v. Network Software Assocs., 377 F.

Supp. 2d 195, 196-97 (D.D.C. 2005); see Canen v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., 118 F. Supp. 3d 164,

170 (D.D.C. 2015) (noting that “courts in this jurisdiction consistently have held that pro se

plaintiffs . . . are not adequately able to represent the interests of the United States”) (citing

cases). As the court explained in Fisher, “a qui tam relator has an interest in the action,” but the

United States is the real party in interest “regardless of whether the government chooses to

intervene.” 377 F. Supp. 2d at 198 (following Rockefeller v. Westinghouse Elec. Co., 274 F.

Supp. 2d 10, 12 (D.D.C. 2003)). And “[b]ecause the outcome of such an action could have

claim-or issue-preclusive effect on the United States, ‘[t]he need for adequate legal


1
    Plaintiff refers to an attachment “marked exhibit # 1,” but the complaint contains no such
attachment.
                                                   2
representation on behalf of the United States is obviously essential.’” Id. at 198 (quoting

Rockefeller, 274 F. Supp. 2d at 16). Consequently, while plaintiff has every right to “plead and

conduct [his] own case[ ] personally,” 28 U.S.C. § 1654, he has neither a constitutional nor a

statutory right to pursue the claims of the United States without counsel.

       In addition, the United States Attorney General has absolute discretion in deciding

whether to investigate claims for possible criminal or civil prosecution, and such decisions are

generally not subject to judicial review. Shoshone-Bannock Tribes v. Reno, 56 F.3d 1476, 1480-

81 (D.C. Cir. 1995); see Wightman-Cervantes v. Mueller, 750 F. Supp. 2d 76, 80 (D.D.C. 2010)

(“[A]n agency’s decision whether to prosecute, investigate, or enforce has been recognized as

purely discretionary and not subject to judicial review.”) (citing Block v. SEC, 50 F.3d 1078,

1081-82 (D.C. Cir. 1995) (other citation omitted)). Consequently, to the extent that plaintiff is

challenging HHS’ alleged decision not to pursue his qui tam claim, he has not identified any

authority that provides for judicial review. A separate order of dismissal accompanies this

Memorandum Opinion.

                                                     Ketanji Brown Jackson
                                                     Ketanji Brown Jackson
DATE: May 19, 2017                                   United States District Judge




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