                                                                                 FILED
                                                                     United States Court of Appeals
                          UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                     Tenth Circuit

                                FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT                        June 2, 2020
                            _________________________________
                                                                        Christopher M. Wolpert
                                                                            Clerk of Court
 In re: MARY JULIA HOOK; DAVID
 LEE SMITH,

        Debtors.

 ------------------------------

 MARY JULIA HOOK,

        Appellant,

 v.                                                          No. 19-1188
                                                    (D.C. No. 1:18-CV-03259-RM)
 DENNIS W. KING, Chapter 7 Trustee;                           (D. Colo.)
 COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF
 REVENUE,

        Appellees.
                            _________________________________

                                ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
                            _________________________________

Before BRISCOE, LUCERO, and HARTZ, Circuit Judges.
                   _________________________________

       Mary Julia Hook, an attorney representing herself, appeals the district court’s

denial of an Emergency Motion to Enjoin Sale of Home Pending Appeal of Closure


       *
        After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding
precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral
estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with
Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
of Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Case (Emergency Motion). Exercising jurisdiction under

28 U.S.C. § 1292(a)(1), we dismiss this appeal as frivolous and deny Hook’s Motion

to Proceed In Forma Pauperis On Appeal.

I.    BACKGROUND

      Hook and her husband, David Lee Smith (Debtors), filed a Chapter 7

bankruptcy petition in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of

Colorado. After conclusion of the bankruptcy case and the dismissal of an associated

adversary proceeding that Debtors brought against the Colorado Department of

Revenue, Debtors appealed from both cases to the United States District Court for the

District of Colorado. In that appeal Debtors filed the Emergency Motion, seeking to

enjoin the sale of their home pending the appeal. The district court had authorized

the sale of their home in a separate foreclosure action.1

      The district court denied the Emergency Motion because Debtors had not

shown a substantial likelihood of success on the merits regarding their appeal of

either the bankruptcy case or the adversary proceeding.2 The court determined that



      1
        At the time Debtors filed the Emergency Motion, (1) Hook had filed an
appeal from the foreclosure action in this court, see LNV Corp. v. Hook, No. 19-1131
(10th Cir. filed Apr. 10, 2019); (2) the district court had, in the foreclosure action,
denied her motion for a stay of the sale of her home pending appeal; and (3) in the
foreclosure appeal, we had denied Hook’s emergency motion for a stay of the sale of
her home pending appeal, see LNV Corp. v. Hook, No. 19-1131 (10th Cir. Apr. 15,
2019) (order denying emergency stay motion).
      2
        In denying the Emergency Motion on the merits, the district court elected to
overlook potential procedural problems with the motion, one of which was the
propriety of seeking the requested relief in this action despite Hook’s lack of success
                                           2
Debtors had provided only “conclusory assertions,” “unsupported accusations” that

the bankruptcy court erred in closing the bankruptcy case and appeared biased, and

“bare statements, without supporting authority or factual or legal analysis” that the

bankruptcy court erred in dismissing their adversary proceeding. Aplt. App. at 56.

The district court also denied Hook’s motion for leave to proceed on appeal without

prepayment of fees or costs (IFP Motion), explaining that the appeal was “not taken

in good faith because” Hook had “not shown the existence of a reasoned,

nonfrivolous argument on the law and facts in support of the appeal.” Id. at 62. Only

Hook appeals.

II.   DISCUSSION

      We review the district court’s denial of the Emergency Motion for an abuse of

discretion. See Diné Citizens Against Ruining Our Env’t v. Jewell, 839 F.3d 1276,

1281 (10th Cir. 2016). To obtain a preliminary injunction, a litigant must establish

“(1) a substantial likelihood of prevailing on the merits; (2) irreparable harm unless

the injunction is issued; (3) that the threatened injury outweighs the harm that the

preliminary injunction may cause the opposing party; and (4) that the injunction, if

issued, will not adversely affect the public interest.” Id. Although Hook is

proceeding pro se, we do not afford her filings the liberal construction ordinarily

given to pro se pleadings because she is an attorney. See Smith v. Plati, 258 F.3d

1167, 1174 (10th Cir. 2001).


on similar motions in the foreclosure action and the pending appeal from that action.
See supra, footnote 1.
                                           3
      Hook frames two arguments on appeal. In the first, she summarily asserts the

district court erred in characterizing the Emergency Motion as “‘rambling, vague[,]

and conclusory’”; according to Hook, she “[i]n fact . . . showed a clear and

unequivocal right to relief and substantial likelihood of success on the merits.” Aplt.

Opening Br. at 7 (quoting Aplt. App. at 56). But Hook develops no reasoned

argument that she had a likelihood of prevailing on the merits. By not sufficiently

raising an argument for reversal, she has waived this issue. See Becker v. Kroll,

494 F.3d 904, 913 n.6 (10th Cir. 2007) (“An issue or argument insufficiently raised

in the opening brief is deemed waived.”). Hook also suggests the district court

violated her due-process rights by ruling on the Emergency Motion without holding

an evidentiary hearing, but she does not explain how the lack of a hearing prejudiced

her. Absent any argument regarding prejudice, her due-process argument is

meritless. See Miller v. Fed. Bureau of Prisons, 989 F.2d 420, 423 (10th Cir. 1993)

(prejudice is necessary element of due-process violation).

      In her second argument, Hook contends the district court’s orders denying the

Emergency Motion and her IFP Motion “created the further appearance of extreme

judicial hostility to and bias against [her], in violation of her Fifth Amendment due

process right to a fair and impartial decision-maker,” Aplt. Opening Br. at 8

(emphasis omitted), and “damaged or destroyed her personal and professional

reputations,” id. at 9. “To demonstrate a violation of due process because of judicial

bias, a claimant must show either actual bias or an appearance of bias.” Bixler v.

Foster, 596 F.3d 751, 762 (10th Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted). But

                                           4
“[a]dverse rulings alone do not demonstrate judicial bias.” Id. Because Hook’s bias

argument relies solely on the district court’s adverse rulings, it is wholly without

merit.

III.     CONCLUSION

         For the foregoing reasons, we conclude this appeal is frivolous. See Ford v.

Pryor, 552 F.3d 1174, 1180 (10th Cir. 2008) (“An appeal is frivolous when the result

is obvious, or the appellant’s arguments of error are wholly without merit.” (internal

quotation marks omitted)). Accordingly, we dismiss the appeal and deny Hook’s

Motion to Proceed In Forma Pauperis On Appeal. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i)

(requiring dismissal of frivolous appeal filed by party seeking to proceed IFP);

DeBardeleben v. Quinlan, 937 F.2d 502, 505 (10th Cir. 1991) (grant of IFP requires

“a reasoned, nonfrivolous argument on the law and facts in support of the issues

raised on appeal”). Consequently, Hook must pay all appellate filing and docketing

fees ($505.00) immediately to the United States District Court for the District of

Colorado.


                                             Entered for the Court


                                             Harris L Hartz
                                             Circuit Judge




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