                 United States Court of Appeals
                             For the Eighth Circuit
                         ___________________________

                                 No. 18-3746
                         ___________________________

                                 Angela Pemberton

                        lllllllllllllllllllllPlaintiff - Appellant

                                           v.

           Andrew Saul, Commissioner, Social Security Administration

                        lllllllllllllllllllllDefendant - Appellee
                                       ____________

                    Appeal from United States District Court
                 for the Eastern District of Arkansas - Batesville
                                  ____________

                          Submitted: September 25, 2019
                              Filed: March 9, 2020
                                 ____________

Before LOKEN, COLLOTON, and KOBES, Circuit Judges.
                          ____________

KOBES, Circuit Judge.

      Angela Pemberton appeals the judgment of the district court1 upholding the
denial of her application for disability benefits. She argues the ALJ’s residual


      1
        The Honorable Billy Roy Wilson, United States District Judge for the Eastern
District of Arkansas, adopting the report and recommendations of the Honorable Joe
J. Volpe, United States Magistrate Judge for the Eastern District of Arkansas.
function capacity (RFC) finding relating to her right hand is not supported by
substantial evidence. We affirm.

                                          I.

      Pemberton filed for disability insurance benefits in June 2015. Her application
was based on several health conditions that impacted her legs, left hip, back, neck,
and left shoulder (including spondylolisthesis, disc disease, sprains, and fractures).
The application was denied initially and again on reconsideration. In October 2015,
she requested a hearing before an ALJ.

      While waiting for the hearing, Pemberton started having pain in her right arm.
Dr. James Allen, an orthopedic surgeon, diagnosed right arm cubital tunnel syndrome.
He performed corrective surgery on February 1, 2017. Between February and May,
Pemberton saw Dr. Allen for multiple postoperative visits and she started physical
therapy. On May 12, 2017, while she was still recovering from her arm surgery, the
ALJ held a hearing on her disability application.

      Following the five-step process for deciding disability, see 20 C.F.R.
§ 404.1520, the ALJ found Pemberton satisfied the first two steps because she had
not engaged in substantial gainful activity since February 2015 and had several severe
impairments. The ALJ also found that these impairments did not correspond with the
automatic disability impairments listed in Social Security regulations. Next, the ALJ
determined her RFC and found Pemberton could perform sedentary work “except she
can only occasionally stoop, kneel, crouch, crawl, and only occasionally use stairs or
stand on uneven surfaces. She has frequent but not constant use of her right upper
extremity for grasping, handling, and fingering.” AD-4. The ALJ then found
Pemberton’s RFC prevented her from performing her past job. Finally, the ALJ
concluded that despite her serious impairments, Pemberton could be employed as a
document preparer or telephone quote clerk. Because those jobs exist in the national

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economy in significant numbers, the ALJ ruled she was not disabled and denied her
application. The Social Security Appeals Council, the magistrate judge, and the
district court all affirmed. Pemberton timely appealed.

                                          II.

       “We review de novo the district court’s judgment upholding the denial of social
security benefits.” Julin v. Colvin, 826 F.3d 1082, 1086 (8th Cir. 2016) (citation
omitted). “We will affirm the district court’s judgment if, based on the record as a
whole, substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s determination.” Id. “Substantial
evidence is less than a preponderance, but enough that a reasonable mind would find
it adequate to support the ALJ’s decision.” Id.

       This case turns on whether the ALJ’s finding that Pemberton can perform
frequent but not constant grasping, handling, and fingering with her right arm is
supported by substantial evidence. Pemberton concedes that her right arm problems
are not disabling on their own. Instead she argues that her “manipulative abilities are
more limited than the ALJ found,” Pemberton Br. i, so she cannot work as a
document preparer or telephone quote clerk and is eligible for disability benefits.

       Having reviewed the record, we find substantial evidence supporting the ALJ’s
RFC. One week after surgery, Pemberton reported that her right elbow pain was a 4
out of 10, while her wrist pain was a 7 out of 10. Dr. Allen also noted that she had
mild tenderness and a decreased range of motion. By the end of March, her overall
pain had lessened to a 6 out of 10 even though Pemberton had “used [her arm] more
than she should” doing household chores. By May 2017, Dr. Allen’s records show
her range of motion “lack[ed] 10 degrees of full extension,” but that was an
improvement from February. Tr. 697. He also noted that Pemberton did not suffer
pain or instability during a valgus stress test. And at physical therapy, Pemberton had
minimal complaints of pain and had an improvement in her range of motion due to
decreased pain and stiffness.

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       Pemberton overlooks this evidence and primarily relies on Dr. Allen’s opinions
that her arm had not responded to treatment and that she was not healing well. See
Pemberton Br. 33–35. Although “[a] treating physician’s opinion should be accorded
substantial weight,” Prince v. Bowen, 894 F.2d 283, 285 (8th Cir. 1990), “[m]edical
records, physician observation, and the claimant’s subjective statements about [her]
capabilities may be used to support the RFC,” Partee v. Astrue, 638 F.3d 860, 865
(8th Cir. 2011). If the treating physician’s opinion is internally inconsistent or
conflicts with substantial evidence contained within the medical record as a whole,
the ALJ may afford it less weight. See Prosch v. Apfel, 201 F.3d 1010, 1013–14 (8th
Cir. 2000); Hacker v. Barnhart, 459 F.3d 934, 937 (8th Cir. 2006).2 Here, because
there was substantial evidence in the record that Pemberton was responding to
treatment, the ALJ was not required to accept Dr. Allen’s suggestions to the contrary.

       Pemberton also points us to Dr. Allen’s observation that Pemberton “was not
considered employable.” Pemberton Br. 34. Though Pemberton concedes that
whether she is employable is “ultimately a vocational question,” not a medical
opinion, she argues that it “suggests that [Dr. Allen] believed [she had] serious
continuing problems with her right arm and that her arm had not responded to
treatment.” Id. We agree that the statement is not controlling. See Stormo v.
Barnhart, 377 F.3d 801, 806 (8th Cir. 2004). We also acknowledge that Pemberton
suffered from pain and numbness in her right arm and that she may have healed
slowly following surgery. But, like the district court, we conclude that substantial
evidence supports the RFC.

      We find that the ALJ’s decision is supported by substantial evidence and
affirm the district court’s judgment.
                        ______________________________

      2
         Pemberton filed her disability insurance application in June 2015. Since then,
the Social Security Administration has adopted new regulations about the weight
afforded to treating physicians’ opinions, but those regulations only apply to claims
filed after March 27, 2017. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c.

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