                                                                    NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                        UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                             FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT


                                        No. 13-1770


                            UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

                                             v.
                              CKARON MERCEL HANDY,
                                                    Appellant


                     On appeal from the United States District Court
                        for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
                              (D.C. No. 12-cr-00184-001)
                         District Judge: Hon. Paul S. Diamond


                       Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                  December 9, 2013

 BEFORE: McKEE, Chief Circuit Judge, FUENTES and CHAGARES, Circuit Judges

                               (Opinion Filed: June 5, 2014)



                               OPINION OF THE COURT


McKee, Chief Judge

       Ckaron Handy appeals the district court’s judgment of sentence, arguing that his

right to allocution was violated, and that the district court erred in not appointing new
counsel at the sentencing proceeding. For the reasons that follow, we will affirm the

district court.1


       As we write only for the parties who are familiar with the facts and procedural

history of this case, we need not reiterate them.


                                              I.


       Handy first contends that the district court did not honor his right of allocution. He

bases this on, what he describes as, the district court’s “[quick] and [repeated]”

interruptions of his attempted allocution. Inasmuch as there was no objection at

sentencing, we review this claim for plain error. See United States v. Adams, 252 F.3d

276, 278 (3d Cir. 2001).


       Although “not a right guaranteed by the Constitution,” FED. R. CRIM. P. 32 affords

all defendants the right to allocute on their own behalf. United States v. Ward, 732 F.3d

175, 181 (3d Cir. 2013). The right is “deeply rooted in our legal tradition,” as it predates

the founding of our Republic. Id. at 180-81 (citing Adams, 252 F.3d at 282). Pursuant to

Rule 32, the sentencing court must address the defendant personally and permit the

defendant to speak or present any information in mitigation of the sentence. FED. R.

CRIM. P. 32(i)(4)(A)(ii). Here, the district court did both.




1
 The district court had subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3231, and we
have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291.



                                              2
         Handy does not argue that the district court failed to address him personally. Nor

could he.2 Rather, Handy argues that the right was violated because the district court

“quickly and repeatedly interrupted” him. His argument is based on United States v. Li,

115 F.3d 125, 133 (2d Cir. 1997) (holding that the “sentencing judge's repeated

interruptions . . . created an atmosphere that obviously rendered it difficult for [the

defendant] to present an effective and potentially persuasive allocution” and thus

warranted reversal). However, that case is easily distinguished.


         Here, unlike in Li, the district court did not arbitrarily cut off or interrupt Handy.

Rather, the court occasionally asked him to clarify some of his statements.3 Not only did

the court not prevent Handy from speaking, the court twice asked Handy if he wanted to

present anything further. He stated that he didn’t.


         Nor is there anything to suggest that Handy felt “intimidated” or “confused.” See

Li, 115 F.3d at 133. In fact, prior to the interruption, Handy made was able to express all

the points he now raises on appeal, albeit in a slightly different form.


                                               II.




2
    “THE COURT: Mr. Handy, you have the right to allocution. That means you have the
right to speak to me in your own behalf and you may do so now, if you choose to []
exercise that right.”
3
 For example, when Handy stated, “I feel as though he hasn’t represented me right the
whole time [],” the Court responded, “[Defense Counsel]?” The district court then asked
for clarification as to what Handy’s attorney failed to do.

                                                 3
         Handy also asserts that the district court erred in conducting only a “barebones

inquiry” into his dissatisfaction with his counsel and thereby violated his Sixth

Amendment right to counsel. We review such challenges for an abuse of discretion.

United States v. Goldberg, 67 F.3d 1092, 1098 (3d Cir. 1995). It is difficult from

Appellant’s Brief to determine if he is raising a Sixth Amendment issue of

ineffectiveness, or a Sixth Amendment issue of denial of counsel because the court did

not appoint substitute counsel when Handy expressed his dissatisfaction with the

attorney representing him at the sentencing.4

         It is true that, in considering last minute substitutions of counsel, we require

district courts to inquire into the reason for the defendant’s dissatisfaction. See

Goldberg, 67 F.3d at 1098. As we noted in Welty, however, such substitutions require a

preliminary showing of “good cause.” United States v. Welty, 674 F.2d 185, 188 (3d

Cir. 1982). We define “good cause” as a “conflict of interest, a complete breakdown of

communication, or an irreconcilable conflict with the attorney.” Id.

       Despite Handy’s claims to the contrary, the record reveals that the district court

adequately discharged its responsibility to inquire into Handy’s dissatisfaction with

counsel. The court asked Handy more than once to explain his dissatisfaction. When

prompted about the underlying nature of his dissatisfaction, however, Handy provided no

specific examples. In fact, it was only after the district court went so far as to suggest two


4
 To the extent that Handy is actually claiming that his trial counsel was ineffective for
purposes of the guilty plea representation, the claim should be raised in a collateral
proceeding, not on direct appeal. See U.S. v. Frankenberry, 696 F.2d 239 (3d Cir. 1982).

                                               4
different examples of ineffective assistance that Handy provided an arguably responsive

answer. However, Handy’s response suggests no more than mere tactical differences.

United States v. Taylor, 652 F.3d 905, 908 (8th Cir. 2011) (“Thus, frustration with

appointed counsel's performance or disagreement with counsel's tactical decisions is not

justifiable dissatisfaction.”). This record does not support an argument that there was a

“complete breakdown of communication” or some other “irreconcilable conflict”

between Handy and his attorney.

         Moreover, the district court made sure that Handy was provided an attorney for

his appeal based upon his last-minute complaints. Although his original attorney was

allowed to withdraw, the district court directed the clerk’s office to file a notice of

appeal on Handy’s behalf and instructed the government to monitor the docket to ensure

new counsel was appointed. Far from depriving Handy of his Sixth Amendment right

to counsel, we find that Judge Diamond’s handling of this sentencing was exemplary.

                                               III.


   Accordingly, we will affirm the judgment of the district court.




                                               5
