[Cite as State v. Baker, 2018-Ohio-511.]




                             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                                SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                    MONTGOMERY COUNTY

 STATE OF OHIO                                   :
                                                 :
           Plaintiff-Appellee                    :  C.A. CASE NO. 27379
                                                 :
 v.                                              :  T.C. NO. 2014-CR-3851/1
                                                 :
 KELSEY BAKER                                    :  (Criminal Appeal from
                                                 :   Common Pleas Court)
           Defendant-Appellant                   :
                                                 :
                                            ...........

                                           OPINION

                            Rendered on the 9th day of February, 2018.

                                            ...........

ALICE PETERS, Atty. Reg. No. 93945, Montgomery Co. Prosecutor’s Office, 301 W.
Third Street, 5th Floor, Dayton, Ohio 45422
       Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee


ANGELA MILLER, Atty. Reg. No. 64902, 322 Leeward Drive, Jupiter, Florida 33477

and

SALLYNDA DENNISON, Atty. Reg. No. 68027, 88 E. Broad Street, Suite 1460,
Columbus, Ohio 43215
     Attorneys for Defendant-Appellant

                                           .............

DONOVAN, J.
                                                                                         -2-


      {¶ 1} This matter is before the Court on the December 14, 2016 Notice of Appeal

of Kelsey Baker. Baker appeals from the November 16, 2016 “Amended Termination

Entry – Community Control,” which ordered Baker, upon a remand from this Court, to pay

restitution to Michael Kerr in the amount of $2,800.00, following Baker’s convictions for

vandalism and burglary. We hereby affirm the judgment of the trial court.

      {¶ 2} This Court previously set forth the following factual background regarding

Baker’s offenses:

             Prior to the incident that led to her arrest, Baker was in a relationship

      with Michael Kerr, and had access to his residence at 154 Cliff Street in

      Dayton. Baker's cousin, Stacy Baker, was in a relationship with Kerr's

      roommate, so she also had access to the same residence. After Kerr ended

      the relationship, Baker contacted Kerr, asking to come by his house to give

      him a birthday present. Kerr responded by text, telling her that he was taking

      his sister shopping, and would not be home; in fact, he was out with his new

      girlfriend. Kerr ignored additional texts from Baker. Baker and her cousin

      entered the unlocked and empty house, and when Baker discovered

      evidence of the new girlfriend, she became very upset. Baker began

      throwing things, destroying dishes and other personal property. Baker

      picked up a golf club and started swinging at the television. Windows in the

      house and the garage were broken. Baker then took a gallon of blue paint

      from the garage and splashed paint all over the house. After she returned

      to her car, Baker drove the car into the garage door, causing structural

      damage to the garage. When Kerr returned home, he saw Baker and her
                                                                                -3-


cousin exit the house, get in Baker's car, crash the vehicle into the garage,

then quickly drive away, leaving behind on the garage floor the vehicle's

side view mirror and a license plate. Kerr called the police. While he was

waiting for the police to arrive, Baker and her cousin returned to Kerr's

residence. An officer testified that Baker admitted using a bat to break the

windows and claimed she had a key to the front door. The officer did not

find the key on Baker's key ring.

       At trial, Kerr estimated that his losses for the destruction of his

personal property exceeded $10,000, but no receipts or estimates were

offered in evidence. The owner of Kerr's residence, William Hawkins,

estimated that the cost to repair the structural damage, garage door,

windows, wall, cabinets and floors was $24,000, but no written estimates

were offered in evidence. Hawkins testified that he paid $15,000 to

purchase the house, which is the amount listed with the county recorder as

its tax value. The presentence investigation report reflects that Kerr and

Hawkins obtained estimates for the cost of repair or replacement, but no

written estimates were included in the report. The report reflects that

Hawkins did not have homeowner's insurance. The report does not indicate

whether Kerr had renter's insurance that may have covered some of his

losses.

       The PSI report also reflects that Baker claimed to have a job at a

warehouse, earning $11 per hour, but she did not verify her employment at

that time. This employment was subsequently verified by a letter submitted
                                                                                         -4-


       by her employer and attached to Baker's sentencing memorandum. The PSI

       report indicates that Baker previously worked as a dancer at a show club,

       and as a waitress. She was receiving health insurance through Medicaid,

       and $340 a month in food assistance benefits. Baker has custody of her

       four-year-old child. Baker is being treated by a psychologist for mental

       health issues that preceded the conduct that led to her convictions.

State v. Baker, 2016-Ohio-315, 58 N.E.3d 498, ¶ 3-5 (2d Dist.).

       {¶ 3} The trial court sentenced Baker to community control sanctions, which

included requirements that she pay restitution to Kerr in the amount of $10,235.00 and to

Hawkins in the amount of $24,476.95. On her direct appeal, this Court noted that the

trial court relied upon the PSI report to determine restitution and found that the report

“does not contain sufficient evidence from which the court could determine, with any

degree of certainty, the amount of the victim’s actual loss.      A hearing on restitution

should be conducted to validate the verbal estimates, and to document actual losses.”

Id., ¶ 15. This Court remanded the matter for a hearing on restitution. Id., ¶ 16.

       {¶ 4} A hearing was held on June 6, 2016. Kerr did not appear at the hearing.

At the start thereof, the court indicated, “I want everyone to know I’m going to decide

restitution. * * * I’m going to take it under advisement and issue a written decision.” The

State presented two exhibits and no witnesses at the hearing. State’s Exhibit 1 is an

estimate from Angler Construction in the amount of $24,476.95 to repair the property at

154 Cliff Street, and State’s Exhibit 2 is a handwritten document from Kerr listing personal

property items allegedly destroyed by Baker in the amount of $10,235.00. Counsel for

Baker objected to both Exhibits, and the court indicated that it would defer ruling on the
                                                                                         -5-


admissibility of the exhibits until it reviewed the record.

       {¶ 5} The following exchange occurred:

              MR. MARSHALL: * * * The State would then ask the Court to take

       what I’ll call judicial notice of the testimony at trial.   That was sworn

       testimonial evidence, which is specifically what the Court of Appeals has

       called for. So we would ask that the Court take judicial notice of that

       testimony that was cross-examined thoroughly on the issue of value.

       And then - -

              THE COURT: And I’ll stop you for a second. I’m - - while I’m not

       going to take judicial notice, it’s in the record and it’s something that I can

       consider, again, along with everything else. So the - - the entire record no

       matter who gave the testimony I - - because it was sworn I will consider it

       and give it the weight that’s appropriate. * * *

              MS. ROTHCHILD DENNISON:              Well, the other thing that I was

       going to say is that it was thoroughly cross-examined.

              THE COURT: Well, I’m going to look at it. * * * I’m going to read

       the transcript. So I want everybody to be clear I’m not making any decision

       right now.

              MS. ROTHCHILD DENNISON: Okay.

              ***

              THE COURT: * * * I don’t want you - - I don’t want anybody to think

       I’m making a decision now. I need to read that transcript.

       {¶ 6} At the hearing, two witnesses testified on behalf of Baker. First, Matthew
                                                                                           -6-


Roberts stated that he is a contractor who inspected and repaired the Cliff Street Property.

He stated that when he inspected the home, in general, “it was in pretty poor repair.”

Secondly, Robert Vigh testified on behalf of Baker. According to Vigh, he and Baker

entered into a business agreement in June of 2015, incorporating an entity named Viable

Properties, LLC. Vigh testified that Viable Properties then purchased the Cliff Street

property from Seth Hawkins for $13,000.00. Vigh testified that the contract also included

a Satisfaction and Release agreement between Viable Properties, Hawkins, and Baker.

       {¶ 7} On June 17, 2016, Baker filed a pleading captioned “Closing Argument

Res[t]itution.”

       {¶ 8} In its Decision and Entry, the court noted that as to State’s Exhibit 1, “no

testimony concerning the document was provided at the hearing,” and that as to State’s

Exhibit 2, “the document was unsigned and no testimony concerning the document was

provided at the hearing.” The court found that “Hawkins has compromised his right to

restitution by selling the property and executing the Satisfaction and Release.”

Regarding restitution to Kerr, the court concluded as follows:

                  Next, with respect to restitution on Kerr’s personal property, Kerr

       testified at trial that his furniture was flipped over and stabbed; that his flat

       screen television was destroyed with coasters thrown through it; that a

       bucket of paint was poured everywhere, including on his clothes, couch,

       bed, carpet, kitchen, bathroom, and a manila folder with receipts for

       purchases that he had made; that his dishes were broken; that his bed was

       stabbed; that his toiletries were in the bathtub with running water; and that

       his dresser drawers and clothes were thrown out the window. Kerr testified
                                                                                 -7-


that he lost several possessions, including a television, recliner, bed, food,

kitchen table, microwave, and clothes, among other things. Kerr estimated

the value of his damaged property to total more than $10,000.00 including

a destroyed $1,200.00 mattress and $1,600.00 television. Kerr did not

offer any receipts into evidence at trial because his receipts within a folder

were ruined by the blue paint splashed everywhere by Baker.            Baker

should not benefit from her destruction of the documents to prove the

amount of restitution. William Hawkins corroborated Kerr’s trial testimony,

testifying that the house was “completely trashed.” While Kerr did not

testify at the restitution hearing or provide purchase receipts, he explained

at trial that any receipts in his possession regarding his personal property

within his manila folder were ruined by the blue paint splashed everywhere

by Baker. Because of Baker’s destroying Kerr’s receipt records, Kerr cannot

be expected to be able to provide those receipts in support of his restitution

claim. After reviewing the totality of the record, the court finds that the

record establishes that the victim in this matter, Mike Kerr, established the

value of two specific items of property with reasonable certainty, a mattress

and a television. As economic loss he suffered in total the amount of

$2,800.00 resulting from the crimes of which Defendant Kelsey Baker was

found guilty. The court finds that Kerr’s economic loss herein is in the

amount of $2,800.00, and, accordingly, Defendant Kelsey Baker shall be

ordered to pay restitution to Mike Kerr in the amount of $2,800.00. The

court further finds, based upon the record, that Defendant is employed, and
                                                                                     -8-


      has claimed to be employed by Robert Vigh, in a variety of capacities, since

      at least sometime after the filing of the indictment herein. Defendant is

      currently 23 years of age. She has one child. Through the pre-sentence

      investigation, Defendant admitted that she completed her high school

      education through ECOT in 2011. The pre-sentence investigation also

      indicates that Defendant “is in good physical condition, is no(t) under

      medical care, and she takes no prescription medications.” Based upon the

      entire record, the court finds that Defendant has the present and future

      ability to pay restitution. * * *

      {¶ 9} Baker asserts four assignments of error herein. We will consider the first

three assignments of error, which are addressed to the trial court’s restitution order,

together. They are as follows:

             THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR WHEN IT

      FAILED TO ENSURE THAT THE RESTITUTION AMOUNT WAS BASED

      ON COMPETENT CREDIBLE EVIDENCE OF THE ACTUAL AMOUNT OF

      HARM CAUSED. FIFTH AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE

      UNITED STATED CONSTITUTION.

             And,

             THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN FAILING TO

      ENTER RESTITUTION IN “OPEN COURT,” AS REQUIRED BY R.C.

      2929.18(A)(1).

             And,

             THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ORDERING RESTITUTION TO AN
                                                                                   -9-


ALLEGED VICTIM WHERE THE PERSONAL PROPERTY THAT WAS

THE BASIS OF THE RESTITUTION ORDER WAS ABANDONED AND

THE LANDLORD SOLD THAT PERSONAL PROPERTY WITH THE REAL

ESTATE     IN   AN    “AS    IS”   SALE.      FIFTH    AND     FOURTEENTH

AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION AND OHIO

CONSTITUTION ARTICLE I, §§ 5, 10 AND 16.

{¶ 10} R.C. 2929.18 provides in part as follows:

       (A) Except as otherwise provided in this division and in addition to

imposing court costs pursuant to section 2947.23 of the Revised Code, the

court imposing a sentence upon an offender for a felony may sentence the

offender to any financial sanction or combination of financial sanctions

authorized under this section * * * . Financial sanctions that may be imposed

pursuant to this section include, but are not limited to, the following:

       (1) Restitution by the offender to the victim of the offender's crime or

any survivor of the victim, in an amount based on the victim's economic loss.

If the court imposes restitution, the court shall order that the restitution be

made to the victim in open court, to the adult probation department that

serves the county on behalf of the victim, to the clerk of courts, or to another

agency designated by the court. If the court imposes restitution, at

sentencing, the court shall determine the amount of restitution to be made

by the offender. If the court imposes restitution, the court may base the

amount of restitution it orders on an amount recommended by the victim,

the offender, a presentence investigation report, estimates or receipts
                                                                                        -10-


      indicating the cost of repairing or replacing property, and other information,

      provided that the amount the court orders as restitution shall not exceed the

      amount of the economic loss suffered by the victim as a direct and

      proximate result of the commission of the offense. If the court decides to

      impose restitution, the court shall hold a hearing on restitution if the

      offender, victim, or survivor disputes the amount. All restitution payments

      shall be credited against any recovery of economic loss in a civil action

      brought by the victim or any survivor of the victim against the offender.

      {¶ 11} “ ‘Economic loss’ means any economic detriment suffered by a victim as a

direct and proximate result of the commission of an offense * * *.” R.C. 2929.01(L).

      {¶ 12} As this Court has noted:

             A trial court abuses its discretion when it orders restitution that does

      not bear a reasonable relationship to the actual financial loss suffered.

      [State v. Johnson, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24288, 2012-Ohio-1230] at ¶

      11. Therefore, we generally review a trial court's order of restitution under

      an abuse of discretion standard; an abuse of discretion implies that the

      court's attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Id.; State v.

      Naylor, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24098, 2011–Ohio–960, ¶ 22.

State v. Wilson, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 26488, 2015-Ohio-3167, ¶ 11.

      {¶ 13} As this Court has further noted:

             “An order of restitution must be supported by competent, credible

      evidence in the record. State v. Warner (1990), 55 Ohio St.3d 31, 69, 564

      N.E.2d 18. ‘It is well settled that there must be a due process ascertainment
                                                                                                -11-


       that the amount of restitution bears a reasonable relationship to the loss

       suffered.’ State v. Williams (1986), 34 Ohio App.3d 33, 34, 516 N.E.2d

       1270. ‘A sentence of restitution must be limited to the actual economic loss

       caused by the illegal conduct for which the defendant was convicted.’ State

       v. Banks (Aug. 19, 2005), Montgomery App. No. 20711, 2005-Ohio-4488.

       ‘Implicit in this principle is that the amount claimed must be established to

       a reasonable degree of certainty before restitution can be ordered.’ State v.

       Golar (October 31, 2003), Lake App. No. 2002-L-092, 2003-Ohio-5861.”

State v. MacQuarrie, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 22763, 2009-Ohio-2182, ¶ 7.

       {¶ 14} “The amount of restitution should, if necessary, be substantiated through

documentary or testimonial evidence. State v. Summers, Montgomery App. No. 21465,

2006–Ohio–3199. The trial court is authorized to base the amount of restitution on an

amount recommended by the victim. State v. Pillow, Greene App. No. 07CA095, 2008–

Ohio–6046; R.C. 2929.18(A)(1).”         State v. Naylor, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24098,

2011-Ohio-960, ¶ 21.

       {¶ 15} We will first address Baker’s second assignment of error. We initially note

that Baker relies upon State v. Riley, 184 Ohio App.3d 211, 2009-Ohio-3227, 920 N.E.2d

388 (6th Dist.), to assert that the trial court erred in failing to enter restitution in open court.

In Riley, Gerald Riley appealed his conviction and sentence for aggravated burglary, and

the Sixth District affirmed the conviction but “reversed the sentence on both imposition of

a ten-year term of imprisonment and restitution.” Id., ¶ 1. The matter was remanded

for resentencing “and for rehearing on the issue of restitution to the victims of the

aggravated robbery.”       Id.   An evidentiary hearing on restitution was conducted on
                                                                                           -12-

February 22, 2008, along with a resentencing hearing. Id., ¶ 2. “The trial court issued

a judgment, journalized on February 25, 2008, sentencing appellant to incarceration for

ten years and ordering appellant to pay $15,000 to the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation

and Corrections as restitution.” Id. In a subsequent February 29, 2008 judgment entry,

the trial court ordered Riley to pay the victims of his crime restitution in the amount of

$38,766.69. Id.

       {¶ 16} On appeal from both judgments, in his third assignment of error, Riley

asserted in part that the trial court “ ‘erred in imposing restitution as it failed to make its

order in open court and failed to consider appellant’s ability to pay.’ ” Id., ¶ 7. The Sixth

District noted that the “requirement to issue a restitution order in open court is based upon

R.C. 2929.18(A)(1). The statute provides: ‘If the court imposes restitution, the court shall

order that the restitution be made to the victim in open court * * *.’ ” Id., ¶ 31. The court

found “appellant’s assignment of error No. III well taken due to both the failure of the trial

court to consider appellant’s present and future ability to pay restitution before ordering it

and the trial court’s failure to issue its order of restitution in open court.” Id., ¶ 33. The

Sixth District concluded as follows at ¶ 34:

              * * * The trial court’s judgment ordering appellant to pay the victims

       of his crime the sum of $38,766.69 is reversed and remanded to the trial

       court for an evidentiary hearing to consider appellant’s present and future

       ability to pay restitution. Should the trial court, after conducting the hearing

       on restitution on remand, order payment of restitution by appellant to the

       victims of the aggravated burglary, the trial court shall make the restitution

       order in open court.
                                                                                             -13-


       {¶ 17} As noted above, the trial court held a hearing on the issue of restitution

pursuant to this Court’s remand, and Baker received the hearing to which she was entitled

pursuant to R.C. 2929.18(A), since she disputed the amount of restitution imposed at her

original sentencing hearing. When reading R.C. 2929.18(A)(1) in its entirety, we do not

agree with Baker that the court was required to pronounce the exact amount of restitution

at the restitution hearing to satisfy the “in open court” requirement. The original order

requiring restitution was made in open court and a full evidentiary hearing was held on

remand, providing a basis for the cogent order. While the remand was essentially a re-

sentencing, Baker had notice that the court would impose restitution, and at the start of

the restitution hearing, the court made clear that it intended to review the entire record

prior to ordering the dollar amount of restitution, including the transcript and the PSI, and

counsel for Baker did not object. For the foregoing reasons, Baker’s second assignment

of error is overruled.

       {¶ 18} In Baker’s first assignment of error, she argues that the “unsubstantiated

trial testimony from Kerr was the sole basis for the restitution order.” She asserts that

the “court failed to take any depreciation of personal property into account.” Baker

asserts that the “question of whether Kerr had renter’s insurance that might cover all or

part of the damage remains unresolved.”

       {¶ 19} As the trial court noted, at trial, Kerr testified that his television and mattress

were destroyed. Kerr testified that “all my furniture was flipped over, stabbed. My flat

screen TV had little - - I have little coasters with my children’s faces on it thrown through

my TV. There was a bucket of paint poured everywhere all over my clothes, my couch,

my bed, carpet, kitchen.” He identified State’s Exhibit 8 as a photograph of his television,
                                                                                        -14-


and he testified that he found the television “[j]ust like you see it, busted, paint, my

children’s pictures inside.” Exhibit 8 depicts a large flat-screen television with holes in

the screen and blue paint on the screen.

      {¶ 20} The following exchange, to which Baker directs our attention, occurred on

cross-examination:

             Q. How did you come to your valuation of your property?

             A. I know what I paid for my stuff I bought. I bought it all. I bought

      my TV, my couch, my bed, my tables, my coffee tables - -

             ***

             Q. I got that. When did you buy them?

             A. After my separation with my wife - -

             Q. And - -

             A. - - probably a year and half, two years.

             Q. So everything was a year and half - -

             A. Right, it had - -

             Q.    - - old or newer?

             A. Yes, ma’am. I know there’s some depreciation there. I know

      that. I know I’m not going to - - I wish it never happened, so there you go.

             Q. So you bought your TV new a year and a half before this?

             A. No, ma’am, my TV was probably four years old and I bought it

      for my children and, but when I moved out then I just - - you know, she said

      take it because - -

             ***
                                                                               -15-


      A. When I move out of my house, my kids wanted me to just go

ahead and take it because I had already bought them another 40 inch flat

screen.

      Q. Okay. And so it was - -

      A. So I get the hand me down.

      Q. It was four years old?

      A. Approximately. Yeah.

      Q. And how much did you pay for it new?

      A. Sixteen hundred - - maybe sixteen. Yeah.

      ***

      Q. Is that the TV set?

      A. Yes, ma’am.

      Q. And you said that it was four years old?

      A. Yes, ma’am.

      Q. And so what did you say you paid for it new?

      A. It’s 1,600.

      Q. Did you have any TV set besides that?

      A. At that house?

      Q. Yes.

      A. No, ma’am.

      Q. And so if you said it was 50 inch that you paid 825 for, would that

be incorrect?

      MR. GEHRES: I’m going to object, Your Honor.
                                                                        -16-


      A. Sustained. If you have something you’re suggesting that he

made that - - someplace he made that statement then show him the

statement.

      (Counsel confer)

      MS. DENNISON: Okay. So I use - -

      THE CLERK: Put yours Kelsey A.

      ***

      BY MS. DENNISON:

      Showing you what’s been marked Kelsey A. Do you see a 40 inch

TV on here for $1,600?

      (Defendant’s Exhibit Kelsey A marked for identification)

      (Witness reviews document)

      A. Yeah, I do.

      Q. You do?

      A. Eight twenty-five. Yeah.

      Q. * * * So I asked you if you saw a 40 inch for $1,600.

      A. No, there’s a 50 inch for 825.

      ***

      BY MS. DENNISON:

      Q. You itemized broken dishes, $100. Is there something special

about these dishes?

      A. Yes, ma’am.

      ***
                                                                                  -17-


        BY MS. DENNISON:

        Q. Showing - -

        MR. GEHRES:        Your Honor, I’m going to object to this line of

questioning. The foundation for the documents she’s using has not been

laid.

        THE COURT: Sustained.

        ***

        Q. When you - - how - - where did you get your dollar figures from

that were on the list that you provided?

        MR. GEHRES:        Your Honor, I’m going to object again.       These

questions have been asked and answered.

        THE COURT:          Sustained because again, there’s been no

introduction of that exhibit. Let him look at it, and he’s entitled to see that

if you’re going to question him about it.

        BY MS. DENNISON:

        Q. Showing you what’s been marked Kelsey A.

        ***

        BY MS. DENNISON:

        Q. Did you prepare that list?

        A. Yes.

        Q. On that list, the dollar figures that you got - -

        A. Yes.

        Q. - - how did you come to those numbers?
                                                                                        -18-


               A. Well, because I bought all this.

               Q. Okay.

               A. All the receipts - -

               Q. So - -

               A. - - are covered with blue paint.

               Q. Are you saying that those are the prices that you paid for them

       brand new?

               A. You know, I don’t - - I’m not for certain. No, I don’t know.

               Q. Okay.

               A. But I know the couch and my bed are.

               Q. I understand that you get to put a valuation on it, but how did you

       conclude that those were proper valuations?

               MR. GEHRES: Your Honor, I’m going to object again. No - -

               THE COURT: Sustained. He already indicated how he arrived at

       them.

               BY MS. DENNISON:

               Q. So is it your testimony then that that’s what you paid for them

       new?

               A. Yes, ma’am.

       {¶ 21} Kerr also testified that “my bed was stabbed everywhere.” Kerr identified

State’s Exhibit 10 as a photograph of “my $1,200 memory foam mattress,” and the photo

depicts a mattress with blue paint and slash marks all over it.

       {¶ 22} As noted above, Kerr testified at trial that he paid $1,600.00 for his flat
                                                                                           -19-


screen television and $1,200.00 for his mattress, and that Baker destroyed his receipts

for the items. Clearly, the destruction of the items is a direct and proximate result of

Baker’s vandalism. Kelsey Exhibit A, which counsel for Baker produced in an attempt to

impeach Kerr regarding the value of the television and other items, was not admitted into

evidence at trial. As noted above, the trial court is authorized to base the amount of

restitution on an amount recommended by the victim. “The reliability of the evidence and

the credibility of the witnesses is for the trial court, as trier of fact, to determine.” State

v. Isaacs, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 27414, 2017-Ohio-7637, ¶ 10. The trial court clearly

found Kerr’s trial testimony to be credible regarding what he paid for his television and

mattress, and we defer to the trial court’s assessment of credibility. There is nothing in

the record to suggest that Kerr had renter’s insurance and received proceeds therefrom.

We conclude that an abuse of discretion is not demonstrated. Accordingly, Baker’s first

assignment of error is overruled.

       {¶ 23} Regarding Baker’s third assignment of error, she asserts that “the trial

court erred in ordering restitution to Kerr for personal property that he abandoned.” We

agree with the State that this argument lacks merit. Baker was convicted of vandalism,

in violation of R.C. 2909.05(A), which provides: “No person shall knowingly cause serious

physical harm to an occupied structure or any of its contents.” “ ‘Serious physical harm’

means physical harm to property that results in loss to the value of the property of one

thousand dollars or more.” R.C. 2909.05(F)(2). The photographs of Kerr’s mattress

and television depict the destruction of the items. Whether or not the items remained in

Kerr’s possession after their destruction has no relation or relevance to Kerr’s right to

restitution. Baker’s third assignment of error is overruled.
                                                                                          -20-


        {¶ 24} Baker’s fourth assignment of error is as follows:

              THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW BECAUSE

        THE RECORD LACKS SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT THE

        CHARGE OF VANDALISM IN VIOLATION OF THE FIFTH AND

        FOURTEENTH         AMENDMENTS           TO     THE     UNITED       STATES

        CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLE I, §§ 5, 10, AND 16 OF THE OHIO

        CONSTITUTION.

        {¶ 25} Baker asserts that “new facts,” namely the deplorable condition of the home

as testified to by Roberts at the restitution hearing, preclude a finding of serious physical

harm.

        {¶ 26} In her direct appeal, Baker argued that there was insufficient evidence to

support her vandalism conviction, and this Court rejected that argument and affirmed her

conviction for that offense. Baker, ¶ 20. “ ‘[T]he doctrine [of res judicata] serves to

preclude a defendant who has had his day in court from seeking a second on that same

issue. In so doing, res judicata promotes the principles of finality and judicial economy

by preventing endless relitigation of an issue on which a defendant has already received

a full and fair opportunity to be heard.’ ” State v. Perkins, 2d Dist. Montgomery Nos.

26788, 26797, 26804, 2016-Ohio-4581, ¶ 8, quoting State v. Saxon, 109 Ohio St.3d 176,

2006-Ohio-1245, 846 N.E.2d 824, ¶ 18. We do not agree with Baker that the “new facts”

developed at her restitution hearing preclude a finding of loss to property of one thousand

dollars or more. Baker’s fourth assignment of error is barred by the doctrine of res

judicata, and it is accordingly overruled.

Having overruled all of Baker’s assignments of error, the judgment of the trial court is
                                                   -21-


affirmed.

                                   .............


WELBAUM, P.J. and FROELICH, J., concur.


Copies mailed to:

Alice Peters
Angela Miller
Sallynda Dennison
Hon. Mary K. Huffman
