[Cite as Van Orden v. Van Orden , 2011-Ohio-2246.]


                     IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                        FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                             JACKSON COUNTY

HANNAH VAN ORDEN,              :
                               :
     Plaintiff-Appellee,       : Case No. 10CA10
                               :
     vs.                       : Released: May 9, 2011
                               :
DAVID RICHARD VAN ORDEN, : DECISION AND JUDGMENT
                               : ENTRY
    Defendant-Appellant.       :
_____________________________________________________________
                         APPEARANCES:

Richard M. Lewis, and Christen Finley, The Law Firm of Richard M. Lewis,
LLC, Jackson, Ohio, for Appellant.

William S. Cole, Jackson, Ohio, for Appellee.
_____________________________________________________________

McFarland, J.:

        {¶1} This is an appeal from a Jackson County Court of Common Pleas

judgment finding Appellant, David Van Orden, in contempt. On appeal,

Appellant contends that the trial court erred in finding Appellant in contempt

of the court’s order to hold Appellee, Hannah Van Order, harmless from the

marital debt, in ordering Appellant to pay Appellee’s attorney fees

concerning the prosecution of the contempt, and in ordering Appellant to

make arrangements to pay the judgments obtained by Fifth Third Bank and

USAA against Appellee.
Jackson App. No. 10CA10                                                              2


           {¶2} In light of our finding that no final, appealable order exists, we

hereby dismiss the current appeal.

                                                    FACTS

           {¶3} The parties were married on October 16, 1998, and five children

were born as issue of the marriage. Appellee filed a complaint for divorce

on September 27, 2006. A final divorce hearing was held on April 16, 2007.

Based upon the agreed statement of facts contained in the record, Appellant

filed a Chapter 7 petition for bankruptcy on August 20, 2007. On August

24, 2007, a magistrate’s decision was issued in the divorce proceeding, and

on September 20, 2007, the trial court issued an order adopting the

magistrate’s decision and issuing a decree of divorce. The divorce decree

specified that “Defendant shall pay all of the marital debt and hold the

Plaintiff harmless therefrom.”

           {¶4} Subsequently, Appellee was sued by Fifth Third Bank and

USAA. Although Appellant obtained a discharge in bankruptcy on July 21,

2008, creditors Fifth Third Bank and USAA obtained judgments against

Appellee. On March 13, 2009, Appellee filed a contempt motion against

Appellant based upon his failure to hold her harmless on the marital debts.1

The trial court held a hearing on the motion on June 29, 2009, on December


1
    The motion also raised other issues not pertinent to this appeal.
Jackson App. No. 10CA10                                                          3


16, 2009, a magistrate’s decision finding Appellant in contempt of the hold

harmless agreement was issued. Although Appellant objected to the

magistrate’s decision, the trial court issued its entry adopting the

magistrate’s decision with respect to the hold harmless agreement on June 1,

2010.

        {¶5} With respect to its finding that Appellant was in contempt of the

hold harmless agreement, the trial court found as follows:

“3.     Defendant is in contempt of the Court’s Order to hold Plaintiff
        harmless from the marital debt owed to Fifth Third Bank and USAA.
        Defendant shall pay Plaintiff’s attorney fees for this motion within 90
        days.

***

6.      Defendant shall make arrangements within 90 days with Fifth Third
        Bank and USAA to pay the judgments they obtained against
        Plaintiff.”

The trial court did not provide Appellant an opportunity to purge his

contempt. Nor did the trial court impose any sort of fine or sanction, or

determine the amount of attorney fees owed to Appellee.

        {¶6} It is from this order that Appellant brings his appeal, setting forth

a single assignment of error for our review.

                          ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

“I.     THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING APPELLANT IN
        CONTEMPT OF THE COURT’S ORDER TO HOLD APPELLEE
        HARMLESS FROM THE MARITAL DEBT AND IN ORDERING
Jackson App. No. 10CA10                                                          4


      APPELLANT TO PAY APPELLEE’S ATTORNEY FEES
      CONCERNING THE PROSECUTION OF THE CONTEMPT AND
      TO MAKE ARRANGEMENTS TO PAY THE JUDGMENTS
      OBTAINED BY FIFTH THIRD BANK AND USAA AGAINST
      APPELLEE.”

                             LEGAL ANALYSIS

      {¶7} “Civil contempt sanctions are designed to coerce compliance

with a court order or to compensate a complainant for loss sustained by the

contemnor's disobedience.” Slone v. Slone, Pike App. No. 01CA665, 2002-

Ohio-687; citing, Boggs v. Boggs (1997), 118 Ohio App.3d 293, 299, 692

N.E.2d 674; citing Brown v. Executive 200, Inc. (1980), 64 Ohio St.2d 250,

253, 416 N.E.2d 610. “One found in civil contempt must be provided with

the opportunity to purge himself of contempt.” Slone, supra; citing Carroll v.

Detty (1996), 113 Ohio App.3d 708, 712, 681 N.E.2d 1383; In re Purola

(1991), 73 Ohio App.3d 306, 312, 596 N.E.2d 1140; See, also, Amsbary v.

Amsbary (March 25, 1997), Gallia App. No. 96CA11, 1997 WL 139440.

Furthermore, an appellate court reviews a trial court's contempt finding

under an abuse of discretion standard. Slone, supra; citing, Denovchek v. Bd.

of Trumbull Cty. Commrs. (1988), 36 Ohio St.3d 14, 16, 520 N.E.2d 1362.

      {¶8} Initially, we must address a threshold jurisdictional issue. Ohio

appellate courts have jurisdiction to review the final orders or judgments of

inferior courts within their district. Section 3(B)(2), Article IV of the Ohio
Jackson App. No. 10CA10                                                            5


Constitution. Also see R.C. 2501.02. If a judgment is not final and

appealable, then an appellate court has no jurisdiction to review the matter

and it must be dismissed. Prod. Credit Assn. v. Hedges (1993), 87 Ohio

App.3d 207, 210, 616 N.E.2d 591 at fn. 2; Koons v. Pemberton (1992), 84

Ohio App.3d 499, 501, 617 N.E.2d 701. As set forth above, one found in

civil contempt must be provided with an opportunity to purge. Here, the

trial court found Appellant in contempt but gave him no ability to purge his

contempt.

        {¶9} Further, contempt generally consists of both a finding of

contempt and the imposition of a penalty or a sanction. As provided in R.C.

2705.05:

“(A) In all contempt proceedings, * * *. If the accused is found guilty, the
     court may impose any of the following penalties:

   (1) For a first offense, a fine of not more than two hundred fifty dollars, a
       definite term of imprisonment of not more than thirty days in jail, or
       both;”

This court has held that “[u]ntil a court issues a penalty or sanction, no final

appealable order exists.” Slone, supra; citing See In re Smith (Jan. 31, 1991),

Jackson App. No. 630, 1991 WL 14098 (“in the absence of one of these

sanctions [either fine or imprisonment], there is no appealable order * * *”).;

See, also, Thompson v. Pendleton, Scioto App. No. 00CA2737, 2001-Ohio-

2531.
Jackson App. No. 10CA10                                                           6


      {¶10} We further note that the trial court ordered Appellant to pay

Appellee’s attorney fees related to the contempt motion. In Lawson v.

Lawson, Lawrence App. No. 01CA31, 2002-Ohio-409, we reasoned that “[a]

trial court possesses the authority to include reasonable attorney fees as part

of costs taxable to a defendant found guilty of civil contempt.” In Lawson,

at the time the contempt motion was appealed, the attorney fee award

remained pending for later determination and had yet to be resolved. Based

upon those facts, we held that there was no appealable order. In the case sub

judice, based upon our review of the record, it appears that while the trial

court ordered Appellant to pay Appellee’s attorney fees related to the

contempt motion, we can find no evidence in the record suggesting that the

amount was ever determined.

      {¶11} Thus, based upon our review of the record, it appears that the

trial court did not provide Appellant an opportunity to purge his contempt,

did not impose any penalty or sanction, and did not determine that attorney

fee amount Appellant was ordered to pay. Thus, we must dismiss the instant

appeal for the lack of a final appealable order.

      {¶12} Accordingly, based upon the foregoing reasons we hereby

dismiss the instant appeal.

                                                     APPEAL DISMISSED.
Jackson App. No. 10CA10                                                         7


                           JUDGMENT ENTRY

      It is ordered that the APPEAL BE DISMISSED and that the Appellee
recover of Appellant costs herein taxed.

      The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing
the Jackson County Common Pleas Court to carry this judgment into
execution.

       Any stay previously granted by this Court is hereby terminated as of
the date of this entry.

      A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to
Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Exceptions.

Harsha, P.J. and Kline, J.: Concur in Judgment and Opinion.




                                        For the Court,


                                        BY: _________________________
                                            Matthew W. McFarland, Judge




                          NOTICE TO COUNSEL

      Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final
judgment entry and the time period for further appeal commences from
the date of filing with the clerk.
