[Cite as State v. Pepper, 2014-Ohio-364.]


                                        COURT OF APPEALS
                                     ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO
                                    FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT



STATE OF OHIO                                      JUDGES:
                                                   Hon. John W. Wise, P. J.
        Plaintiff-Appellee                         Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
                                                   Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
-vs-
                                                   Case No. 13 COA 019
COLLEEN L. PEPPER

        Defendant-Appellant                        OPINION




CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING:                       Criminal Appeal from the Court of Common
                                               Pleas, Case No. 09 CRI 064


JUDGMENT:                                      Affirmed



DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY:                         February 3, 2014



APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee                         For Defendant-Appellant

RAMONA J. ROGERS                               JAMES H. BANKS
PROSECUTING ATTORNEY                           Post Office Box 40
PAUL T. LANGE                                  Dublin, Ohio 43017
ASSISTANT PROSECUTOR
110 Cottage Street, Third Floor
Ashland, Ohio 44805
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019                                                     2

Wise, P. J.

      {¶1}. Appellant Colleen L. Pepper appeals from the decision of the Court of

Common Pleas, Ashland County, which denied her motion to withdraw her 2010 guilty

plea and vacate her corresponding conviction and sentence for complicity in the illegal

use of a minor in nudity oriented material and for possession of cocaine. The relevant

facts leading to this appeal are as follows.

      {¶2}. On February 19, 2009, law enforcement officers entered the residence of

appellant and Joseph F. Holson, Jr. on Township Road 1335 in Ashland, Ohio,

pursuant to a search warrant. Officers found cocaine, prescription drugs (not

prescribed to either appellant or Holson), and various items of drug paraphernalia.

Officers also found a number of homemade pornographic videos which had been

filmed in the house.

      {¶3}. One of the videos depicts appellant and Holson viewing a seventeen-year-

old female, M.B., who is seen trying on lingerie and in various states of nudity. At

points in the video, close-up filming was conducted showing the victim’s anus, vagina,

and breasts. M.B. later provided a statement to investigating police officers indicating

that she was seventeen years old at the time of the video and was a junior in high

school.

      {¶4}. In August 2009, with the assistance of retained counsel, appellant pled

guilty in the Ashland County Common Pleas Court to a bill of information containing

one count of complicity to illegal use of a minor in nudity-oriented material, a felony of

the fifth degree, and one count of possession of cocaine, also a felony of the fifth

degree.
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019                                                        3


          {¶5}. On September 21, 2009, the trial court sentenced appellant to a total of six

    months in prison. Appellant did not file an appeal of her convictions. Appellant was

    released from prison in March 2010.

          {¶6}. On January 31, 2013, over three years after she was sentenced, appellant

    filed a “motion to withdraw guilty plea and vacate conviction and sentence.” On

    February 8, 2013, the State filed a response to the motion.

          {¶7}. On February 13, 2013, the trial court denied part of appellant's motion

    without a hearing and scheduled the remaining portions for a hearing.1

          {¶8}. In May 2013, the trial court conducted a hearing in regard to appellant's

    decision to subpoena the Ashland County Prosecutor to testify regarding the motion to

    withdraw guilty plea. Following this hearing, the trial court ordered the parties to file

    additional legal memoranda. On May 28, 2013, the State filed a memorandum of law

    and therein requested that the court deny the remaining claims in appellant’s motion to

    withdraw guilty plea without conducting a hearing.

          {¶9}. On June 10, 2013, the trial court overruled, in its entirety, appellant's

    motion to withdraw guilty plea and vacate conviction and sentence.

          {¶10}. Appellant presently raises the following three Assignments of Error:

          {¶11}. "I.     THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FAILING TO HOLD AN

    EVIDENTIARY HEARING ON APPELLANT'S MOTION TO WITHDRAW HER GUILTY

    PLEAS AND VACATE HER CONVICTIONS DESPITE THE FACT THAT BOTH



1
   The trial court judge assigned to the case at this point was not the judge for the 2010
plea and conviction. In April 2013, appellant filed an affidavit in the Ohio Supreme Court
requesting that the successor judge be disqualified from hearing the case. After the
Ohio Supreme Court denied disqualification, the case proceeded.
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019                                                       4


APPELLANT AND THE STATE REQUESTED HEARING AND THE TRIAL COURT

ACKNOWLEDGED THAT HEARING IS NECESSARY AND APPROPRIATE.

      {¶12}. "II.   THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN REFUSING TO GRANT

APPELLANT'S MOTION TO WITHDRAW HER GUILTY PLEA AND VACATE HER

CONVICTIONS PURSUANT TO R.C. SECTION 2953.21 AND FURTHER ERRED IN

FINDING THAT THE APPELLANT ASSERTED HER SAID MOTION BASED SOLELY

ON CRIMINAL RULE 32.1.

      {¶13}. "III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING APPELLANT'S MOTION

TO SET ASIDE HER GUILTY PLEAS TO CORRECT MANIFEST INJUSTICE

PURSUANT TO CRIMINAL RULE 32.1 BASED UPON NEWLY DISCOVERED

EVIDENCE AND/OR INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL."

      {¶14}. We will address appellant’s second assigned error first.

                                                II.

      {¶15}. In her Second Assignment of Error, appellant argues the trial court erred

in failing to treat her motion to withdraw guilty plea and vacate her conviction and

sentence as a petition for post-conviction relief, and in failing to grant same. We

disagree.

      {¶16}. The Ohio Supreme Court has clearly held that post-conviction relief

pursuant to R.C. 2953.21 is a remedy independent of a motion to withdraw plea under

Crim.R. 32.1. See State v. Bush, 96 Ohio St.3d 235, 773 N.E.2d 522, 2002-Ohio-3993,

syllabus. Thus, the specific statutory time limits pertaining to the filing of petitions for

post-conviction relief (“PCR”) do not control post-sentence Crim.R. 32.1 motions. State

v. Shiflett, Licking App.No. 09 CA 134, 2010-Ohio-3587, ¶ 24. Nonetheless, ineffective
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019                                                       5


assistance of counsel can form the basis for a claim of manifest injustice to support

withdrawal of a guilty plea pursuant to Crim.R. 32.1. See State v. Dalton, 153 Ohio

App.3d 286, 292, 2003-Ohio-3813, ¶18.

      {¶17}. The aforesaid time requirements for PCR petitions are set forth in R.C.

2953.21(A)(2) as follows:

      {¶18}. “Except as otherwise provided in section 2953.23 of the Revised Code, a

petition under division (A)(1) of this section shall be filed no later than one hundred

eighty days after the date on which the trial transcript is filed in the court of appeals in

the direct appeal of the judgment of conviction or adjudication or, if the direct appeal

involves a sentence of death, the date on which the trial transcript is filed in the

supreme court. If no appeal is taken, except as otherwise provided in section 2953.23

of the Revised Code, the petition shall be filed no later than one hundred eighty days

after the expiration of the time for filing the appeal.”

      {¶19}. In turn, R.C. 2953.23(A) states as follows:

      {¶20}. “Whether a hearing is or is not held on a petition filed pursuant to section

2953.21 of the Revised Code, a court may not entertain a petition filed after the

expiration of the period prescribed in division (A) of that section or a second petition or

successive petitions for similar relief on behalf of a petitioner unless division (A)(1) or

(2) of this section applies:

      {¶21}. “(1) Both of the following apply:

      {¶22}. “(a) Either the petitioner shows that the petitioner was unavoidably

prevented from discovery of the facts upon which the petitioner must rely to present the

claim for relief, or, subsequent to the period prescribed in division (A)(2) of section
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019                                                       6


2953.21 of the Revised Code or to the filing of an earlier petition, the United States

Supreme Court recognized a new federal or state right that applies retroactively to

persons in the petitioner's situation, and the petition asserts a claim based on that right.

      {¶23}. “(b) The petitioner shows by clear and convincing evidence that, but for

constitutional error at trial, no reasonable factfinder would have found the petitioner

guilty of the offense of which the petitioner was convicted or, if the claim challenges a

sentence of death that, but for constitutional error at the sentencing hearing, no

reasonable factfinder would have found the petitioner eligible for the death sentence.

      {¶24}. “(2) The petitioner was convicted of a felony, the petitioner is an offender

for whom DNA testing was performed under sections 2953.71 to 2953.81 of the

Revised Code or under former section 2953.82 of the Revised Code and analyzed in

the context of and upon consideration of all available admissible evidence related to

the inmate's case as described in division (D) of section 2953.74 of the Revised Code,

and the results of the DNA testing establish, by clear and convincing evidence, actual

innocence of that felony offense or, if the person was sentenced to death, establish, by

clear and convincing evidence, actual innocence of the aggravating circumstance or

circumstances the person was found guilty of committing and that is or are the basis of

that sentence of death.

      {¶25}. “***”

      {¶26}. In the case sub judice, the record clearly reveals that appellant’s motion to

withdraw plea and vacate conviction was filed more than three years after the court

issued its entry of sentence. Thus, appellant would have had to rely on R.C.

2953.23(A)(1) in order to maintain a PCR petition. However, appellant’s motion to
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019                                                       7


withdraw, while asserting ineffective assistance of trial counsel, makes no mention of

either R.C. 2953.21 or R.C. 2953.23. We note Crim.R. 47 states that a motion “shall

state with particularity the grounds upon which it is made and shall set forth the relief or

order sought.” While we note appellant’s post-hearing memorandum references the

post-conviction relief statutes, it is questionable that the “constitutional error at trial”

criterion of R.C. 2953.23(A)(1)(b) can be met where the defendant seeking PCR relief

was convicted pursuant to a guilty plea, not as a result of a trial. See, e.g., State v.

Hamilton, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 03AP–852, 2004–Ohio–3556, ¶ 4; State v. Clark, 5th

Dist. Stark No. 2007 CA 00206, 2008–Ohio–194, ¶ 18.

      {¶27}. We therefore hold the trial court did not err in declining to treat appellant’s

motion to withdraw guilty plea as a petition for post-conviction relief.

      {¶28}. Appellant's Second Assignment of Error is overruled.

                                              I., III.

      {¶29}. In her First Assignment of Error, appellant contends the trial court erred in

declining to conduct an evidentiary hearing on her motion to withdraw her 2010 guilty

plea and vacate her conviction and sentence. In her Third Assignment of Error,

appellant argues the trial court erred in failing to grant said motion. We disagree on

both counts.

      {¶30}. Crim.R. 32.1 states: “A motion to withdraw a plea of guilty or no contest

may be made only before sentence is imposed; but to correct manifest injustice the

court after sentence may set aside the judgment of conviction and permit the defendant

to withdraw his or her plea.”
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019                                                     8


      {¶31}. Our review of the trial court's decision under Crim.R. 32.1 is limited to a

determination of whether the trial court abused its discretion. State v. Caraballo (1985),

17 Ohio St.3d 66, 477 N.E.2d 627. In order to find an abuse of that discretion, we must

determine the trial court's decision was unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable and

not merely an error of law or judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore (1983), 5 Ohio St.3d

217, 450 N.E.2d 1140. “A motion made pursuant to Crim.R. 32.1 is addressed to the

sound discretion of the trial court, and the good faith, credibility and weight of the

movant's assertions in support of the motion are matters to be resolved by that court.”

State v. Smith (1977), 49 Ohio St.2d 261, 361 N.E.2d 1324, paragraph two of the

syllabus. A Crim.R. 32.1 motion is not a challenge to the validity of a conviction or

sentence, and instead only focuses on the plea. See Bush, supra, at ¶13.

      {¶32}. A hearing on a post-sentence motion to vacate a prior plea is not required

unless the facts as alleged by the defendant, if accepted as true, would require the

plea to be withdrawn. See City of Uhrichsville v. Horne (Dec. 26, 1996), Tuscarawas

App. No. 96AP090059, 1996 WL 753208. Generally, a self-serving affidavit of the

movant is insufficient to demonstrate manifest injustice. See State v. Wilkey,

Muskingum App. No. CT2005-0050, 2006-Ohio-3276, ¶ 26.

                                         Age of Victim

      {¶33}. Appellant’s first basis for withdrawal of her guilty plea centers on the age

of M.B., the victim of the pornographic video which formed the basis of the charge of

complicity in the illegal use of a minor in nudity-oriented material. Attached to the

motion to withdraw plea is an affidavit appearing to be executed by M.B. on October

24, 2012, in which she avers that the filming at issue happened after her eighteenth
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019                                                       9


birthday, which took place in early 2008. Another affidavit, appearing to be executed by

J.S., the older sister of M.B., also contains an averment that M.B. was over the age of

eighteen when the video was made.

      {¶34}. As noted in our statement of facts, M.B. originally notified law enforcement

that she was seventeen years old at the time of the filming. This is confirmed by the

date stamp on the video showing it was filmed on September 2, 2007, when the victim

was seventeen. Holson, appellant's co-defendant, at one point in the investigation

referred to M.B. as the "seventeen-year-old victim.” Finally, we note M.B. did not allege

in her affidavit that the State was mistaken as to her date of birth. The bill of

information, to which appellant pled, contains a range of the dates of offense that

remains consistent with M.B.’s date of birth and thus her age of seventeen at the time.

                            Ineffective Assistance of Trial Counsel

      {¶35}. Appellant, via her own affidavit attached to the motion to withdraw her

plea, also presented numerous allegations of ineffective assistance of trial counsel

related to the entry of her plea. These included, inter alia, claims that her trial counsel:

(1) failed to review the search warrant affidavit, obtain discovery, and investigate the

age of the victim; (2) gave her erroneous information upon which she relied in pleading;

(3) assured her she would only receive community control; (4) failed to advise her

regarding property forfeiture; (5) failed to apprise her or inaccurately apprised her of

the ramifications of a sex offender classification; (6) failed to inform her of additional

restrictions stemming from her plea and conviction; (7) did not properly clarify the issue

of additional potential charges by the prosecutor; (8) failed to advise her of the
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019                                                      10


possibility of spending time in a halfway house; and (9) failed to advise her of her

appellate rights.

      {¶36}. The record before us contradicts a number of appellant’s claims or, in the

alternative, shows the trial court at multiple points ensured that appellant was informed

of her rights. For example, appellant signed a waiver of rights and guilty plea form,

which sets forth that appellant would be placed on post release control for five years if

she was sentenced to prison, and the trial court duly advised appellant of post-release

control during the plea hearing. See Plea Hearing Tr. at 10-11. The trial court again

advised appellant concerning post release control at sentencing. See Sentencing

Transcript at 15-16. Likewise, appellant’s claim that she was not advised of her rights

regarding appeal is not supported by the record. See Sentencing Transcript at 17.

Appellant was also advised of her appeal rights in her signed guilty plea form.

                                       Additional Claims

      {¶37}. Appellant also continues to urge that the trial court judge “demonstrated

prejudice” against her. See Appellant’s Brief at 14-15. However, as this issue has been

redressed by the Ohio Supreme Court, we will not herein revive it.

      {¶38}. Finally, appellant points out several claimed discrepancies or gaps in the

pre-sentence investigation report, essentially using the PSI (which was not finalized

until after the plea hearing) as a means of showing issues her trial counsel could have

raised by going to trial. We find none of these arguments persuasive under a “manifest

injustice” standard. We further find no merit in appellant’s speculative assertion that the

trial court did not properly review the PSI in addressing the motion to withdraw plea.
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019                                                    11

                                          Conclusion

      {¶39}. Under the “manifest injustice” standard, a post-sentence withdrawal

motion is allowable only in extraordinary cases. State v. Aleshire, Licking App.No. 09–

CA–132, 2010–Ohio–2566, ¶ 60, citing Smith, supra, at 264. The length of passage of

time between the entry of a plea and a defendant's filing of a Crim.R. 32.1 motion is a

valid factor in determining whether a manifest injustice has occurred. See State v.

Copeland–Jackson, Ashland App. No. 02COA018, 2003–Ohio–1043, ¶ 7. Furthermore,

“*** if a plea of guilty could be retracted with ease after sentence, the accused might be

encouraged to plead guilty to test the weight of potential punishment, and withdraw the

plea if the sentence were unexpectedly severe. * * *” State v. Peterseim (1980), 68

Ohio App.2d 211, 213, 428 N.E.2d 863, quoting Kadwell v. United States (C.A.9,

1963), 315 F.2d 667.

      {¶40}. In its response brief, the State asserts that appellant entered a negotiated

plea to the two fifth-degree felonies, even though the nudity-oriented material charge

could have been brought as a second-degree felony. In the review of an attempt to

withdraw any such negotiated plea after the fact, we must weigh any imperfections in

the process against the possibility that the defendant is avoiding a much harsher result

by resolving the case. We also bear in mind that the trial court is under a duty pursuant

to Crim.R.11 to ensure that the plea comports with constitutional standards. See State

v. Stowers (Jan. 31, 1985), Cuyahoga App.No. 48572, citing State v. Billups (1979), 57

Ohio St.2d 31, 385 N.E.2d 1308.

      {¶41}. Upon review of the entirety of appellant’s claims in support of her motion

to withdraw plea, we are unpersuaded the trial court in the case sub judice abused its
Ashland County, Case No. 13 COA 019                                                   12


discretion in declining to find a manifest injustice warranting the extraordinary step of

negating appellant's plea more than three years after the entry thereof, and we further

find the trial court did not err or abuse its discretion in denying appellant's motion to

withdraw plea without conducting an evidentiary hearing.

      {¶42}. Appellant's First and Third Assignments of Error are therefore overruled.

      {¶43}. For the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion, the decision of the Court

of Common Pleas, Ashland County, Ohio, is hereby affirmed.


By: Wise, P. J.

Delaney, J., and

Baldwin, J., concur.
