J-S72038-16


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,            :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                         :          PENNSYLVANIA
                Appellee                 :
                                         :
                 v.                      :
                                         :
CARLOS MANUAL VALENTIN-                  :
CARRERO,                                 :
                                         :
               Appellant                 :    No. 437 MDA 2016

          Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence March 11, 2016,
              in the Court of Common Pleas of York County,
           Criminal Division at No(s): CP-67-MD-0000414-2016

BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., DUBOW, and STRASSBURGER,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY STRASSBURGER, J.:                 FILED DECEMBER 09, 2016

     Carlos Manual Valentin-Carrero (Appellant) appeals from the judgment

of sentence imposed after he was found guilty of indirect criminal contempt.

Upon review, we affirm.

     On March 11, 2016, following a bench trial, Appellant was found guilty

of the aforementioned offense for violating a temporary protection from

abuse (PFA) order obtained against him by the mother of his child.

Appellant was sentenced to a six-month term of probation and was ordered

to pay a $300 fine. On March 15, 2016, Appellant timely filed a notice of

appeal to this Court.     The trial court directed Appellant to file a concise

statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b),

and one was filed. The trial court issued its opinion pursuant to Pa.R.A.P.

1925(a) on May 13, 2016.

*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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     On appeal, Appellant presents one issue for our consideration:

“Whether the trial court improperly exceeded its authority to ask the

victim/witness questions when the trial court asked the victim/witness

questions directly relating to the elements [of] the crime, and the

[Commonwealth] did not ask questions relating to those elements of the

crime?” Appellant’s Brief at 4 (unnecessary capitalization omitted).

     Before we address the merits of Appellant’s issue, we must determine

whether it has been preserved properly. Pennsylvania Rule of Evidence 614

provides that “[w]here the interest of justice so requires, the court may

examine a witness regardless of who calls the witness.”      Pa.R.E. 614(b).

The rule also provides that “[a] party may object to the court’s calling or

examining a witness when given notice that the witness will be called or

when the witness is examined.”        Pa.R.E. 614(c).     “Pa.R.E. 614(c) is

consistent with Pa.R.E. 103(a)(1)(A), which requires a ‘timely objection.’”

Pa.R.E. 614 Cmt.

     As pointed out by the Commonwealth and acknowledged by Appellant,

Appellant failed to object to the court’s questioning at the bench trial.

Commonwealth’s Brief at 10; Appellant’s Brief at 9. Consequently, Appellant

has waived his sole claim of error on appeal.    See Pa.R.E. 614 Cmt.; see

also Commonwealth v. Tucker, 143 A.3d 955, 961 (Pa. Super. 2016)

(“[T]he failure to make a timely and specific objection before the trial court

at the appropriate stage of the proceedings will result in waiver of the



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issue.”); Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“Issues not raised in the lower court are waived

and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.”).

      In an attempt to avoid waiver, Appellant cites Harman ex rel.

Harman v. Borah, 756 A.2d 1116 (Pa. 2000), for the proposition that “a

party may raise allegations of judicial misconduct for the first time in post-

trial motions.” Appellant’s Brief at 9 (quoting Harman, 756 A.2d at 1125).

Although the     Court observed that     a party may do       so   “in limited

circumstances,” Harman, 756 A.2d at 1125, Appellant did not file post-trial

motions in this case.   As such, Appellant’s reliance on Harman is of no

benefit to him. See id. at 1126 (explaining that the general rule regarding

waiver remains and that “[w]here it appears from all the circumstances that

a timely objection to perceived judicial misconduct would be meaningless, a

party may choose to raise the issue for the first time at post-trial motions to

preserve it for appellate review. This involves some risk, which a trial

counsel should not assume lightly”).

      Further, the Harman decision noted that this exception to waiver was

first announced in the criminal case of Commonwealth v. Hammer, 494

A.2d 1054 (Pa. 1985), and, with respect to Hammer, this Court has noted

the following.

      [I]n Hammer, our Supreme Court concluded that justice would
      not be served by strictly enforcing the waiver doctrine where the
      record revealed that objection by counsel would be meaningless
      and, in fact, intensify judicial animosity. Therefore, in Hammer,
      our Supreme Court overlooked defense counsel’s failure to
      object to the trial judge’s questioning of witnesses and


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      addressed the substantive issue of whether such questioning
      constituted reversible error.

             Subsequently, however, in Commonwealth v. Grant, 572
      Pa. 48, 813 A.2d 726 (2002), our Supreme Court specifically
      overruled Hammer, indicating that, generally, the appellate
      courts will not overlook defense counsel’s failure to object and,
      with regard thereto, an appellant may present claims of
      ineffective assistance of counsel in a [Post Conviction Relief Act
      (PCRA)] petition. [See 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541–9546]. Indeed,
      recently, in Commonwealth v. Barnett, 25 A.3d 371 (Pa.
      Super. 2011) (en banc), an en banc panel of this Court
      reaffirmed Grant’s limitation on overlooking the waiver doctrine
      and held that, unless an appellant makes an express, knowing,
      and voluntary waiver of review pursuant to the PCRA, this Court
      will not engage in review of ineffective assistance of counsel
      claims on direct appeal.

Commonwealth v. Colon, 31 A.3d 309, 316-17 (Pa. Super. 2011)

(footnote omitted).

      In light of our discussion in Colon, we cannot overlook defense

counsel’s failure to object to the questioning by the trial judge that Appellant

seeks to challenge herein. Thus, we affirm his judgment of sentence.1




1
  In its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial court addressed, and rejected,
Appellant’s claim on the merits. We observe that “[w]e may affirm the trial
court’s determination on any grounds, even where those grounds were not
suggested to or known by the trial court.” Commonwealth v. Gatlos, 76
A.3d 44, 62 n.14 (Pa. Super. 2013).          Even assuming arguendo that
Appellant had not waived his claim, we conclude that he is not entitled to
relief on the merits for the reasons stated in the trial court’s opinion. See
Trial Court Opinion, 5/13/2016, at 2-3 (explaining that, inter alia, its brief,
neutral questioning of the victim was an attempt to clarify the victim’s
seemingly inconsistent testimony).


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     Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 12/9/2016




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