                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION

                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                           FILED
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT                             APR 14 2010

                                                                          MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                            U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

MANNAKA OUNG,                                    No. 05-76076

              Petitioner,                        Agency No. A25-390-996

  v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM *
ERIC H. HOLDER Jr., Attorney General,

              Respondent.


                      On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                          Board of Immigration Appeals

                             Submitted April 9, 2010**
                               Pasadena, California

Before: PREGERSON and BEEZER, Circuit Judges, and CONLON, *** District
Judge.

       Mannaka Oung, a native and citizen of Cambodia (Kampuchea), petitions

for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) decision affirming the

        *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
        **
            The panel unanimously finds this case suitable for decision without
oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
        ***
            The Honorable Suzanne B. Conlon, United States District Judge for
the Northern District of Illinois, sitting by designation.
denial of his applications for withholding of removal and relief under the

Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We dismiss in part and deny in part the

petition for review.

      Oung was ordered removed on the basis of two convictions, including an

aggravated assault causing serious bodily injury in violation of Tennessee Code

§ 39-13-102. He argues that the BIA erred in determining that this aggravated

felony constituted a “particularly serious crime,” thereby rendering him ineligible

for withholding of removal. 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(B)(ii). Because the BIA denied

withholding of removal on account of Oung’s aggravated felony conviction, we are

without jurisdiction to review the denial. 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(C); Lemus-Galvan

v. Mukasey, 518 F.3d 1081, 1083 (9th Cir. 2008). We lack jurisdiction to review

the BIA’s discretionary determination that Oung’s assault conviction was

“particularly serious.” Anaya-Ortiz v. Holder, 594 F.3d 673, 676 (9th Cir. 2010).

Oung raises no constitutional claim or question of law sufficient to overcome the

jurisdictional bar. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(D). His petition is dismissed insofar

as it challenges the denial of withholding of removal.

      We have jurisdiction over the BIA’s denial of deferral of removal under

CAT because relief was denied on the merits, not because of Oung’s prior

convictions. Lemus-Galvan, 518 F.3d at 1083-84. To be eligible for CAT deferral,

Oung must prove that he will more likely than not be tortured upon removal to
Cambodia. 8 C.F.R. § 1208.17(a). Oung presented evidence that he suffered

persecution and torture at the hands of the Khmer Rouge prior to emigrating in

1983. He did not provide evidence of a current risk of harm. Substantial evidence

supports the BIA’s determination that conditions in Cambodia have changed

significantly over the last thirty years, and that the Khmer Rouge is no longer a

threat. Relief from denial of the deferral of removal is denied. See Zheng v.

Ashcroft, 332 F.3d 1186, 1194 (9th Cir. 2003).

      We need not address Oung’s challenge to credibility findings made by the

immigration judge. The BIA presumed Oung to be credible; we accept his

testimony as true. Brezilien v. Holder, 569 F.3d 403, 411 (9th Cir. 2009) (our

review is limited to the BIA’s decision, except to the extent an immigration judge’s

opinion is expressly adopted).

      DISMISSED IN PART; DENIED IN PART.
                                                                          FILED
                                                                           APR 14 2010
Pregerson, J., concurring. Oung v. Holder, No. 05-76076.
                                                                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                        U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
      I concur in the result of this case. I write separately to emphasize the

injustice perpetrated by our immigration system in this case and many like it.

      Mannaka Oung has not had an easy life. As a small child he was tortured by

the Khmer Rouge in his native Cambodia. After his father was killed, his mother

fled with Oung, then nine years old, and his siblings to the United States.

      In the U.S. Oung had a difficult childhood. He had little family support and

oversight. As a result, Oung got into trouble as a teenager and became involved

with a Cambodian street gang. In 1993, at the age of 18, Oung pled guilty to

shooting at an unoccupied vehicle in violation of California Penal Code § 247(b).1

      In 1998, Oung moved to Tennessee to start anew, away from “all these

gangs.” In 2000, Oung was convicted of aggravated assault causing serious bodily

injury under Tennessee Code § 39-13-102, in what can only be characterized as a

crime of passion involving Oung’s ex-girlfriend. Oung completed domestic



      1
         Oung has been a lawful permanent resident since 1983. He was eligible to
naturalize in 1988, when he was approximately 13 years old, but did not do so.
There are any number of reasons why immigrants do not naturalize once they
become eligible, including a lack of understanding of the importance of
citizenship. See, e.g., Judith Bernstein-Baker, Citizenship in Restrictionist Era:
The Mixed Messages of Federal Policies, 16 Temp. Pol. & Civ. Rts. L. Rev. 367,
374-80 (2007) (explaining that barriers to naturalization include legal status, good
moral character, application fees, the complex application process, processing
delays, and limited English language skills).
violence counseling after this incident. Since June 2003, Oung has held steady

employment working as a metal polish finisher in San Diego, California. Oung’s

71-year-old mother and 30-year-old sister both live in San Diego, California, and

have legal status. He married in January 2004, and is the father of a United States

citizen daughter born on April 21, 2004.

      Oung has maintained a clean record for the last ten years. The record

demonstrates that his wife and family benefit from his support and wish him to

stay in the United States. I write only to say that, as the facts of this case

demonstrate, our immigration laws needlessly separate families, uprooting and

removing individuals, such as Oung, who have successfully turned their lives

around and should be given a second chance to stay and make positive

contributions to our great society. If America is anything, it is a country that gives

people a second chance.
