                      NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
  UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                  AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.




                                     IN THE
              ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
                                 DIVISION ONE


                            DEBORAH S., Appellant,

                                         v.

            DEPARTMENT OF CHILD SAFETY, M.A., Appellees.

                              No. 1 CA-JV 19-0139
                                FILED 1-30-2020


            Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
                              No. JD36045
                    The Honorable Sara J. Agne, Judge

                                   AFFIRMED


                                    COUNSEL

The Stavris Law Firm, PLLC, Scottsdale
By Alison Stavris
Counsel for Appellant

Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Phoenix
By Sandra L. Nahigian
Counsel for Appellee Department of Child Safety
                        DEBORAH S. v. DCS, M.A.
                          Decision of the Court


                      MEMORANDUM DECISION

Judge David B. Gass delivered the decision of the Court, in which Acting
Presiding Judge David D. Weinzweig and Chief Judge Peter B. Swann
joined.

G A S S, Judge:

                       SUMMARY OF DECISION

¶1           Deborah S. (Mother) appeals the superior court’s order
finding her child, M.A. (Child), dependent.1 The superior court found the
Child dependent by a preponderance of evidence because (1) Mother failed
to participate in parent-aide services, a psychological evaluation,
substance-abuse assessment and treatment, and substance-abuse testing,
and (2) Mother’s living conditions were unsuitable for the Child. Because
reasonable evidence supports these findings, the superior court’s
dependency judgment is affirmed.

                    PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

¶2            On June 27, 2018, the Department of Child Safety (DCS)
served Mother with a temporary custody notice. On June 29, 2018, DCS filed
a dependency petition. DCS alleged Mother could not provide proper and
effective parental care and control (1) because of her chronic substance
abuse and (2) because she could not provide a safe and suitable home
environment. Mother contested DCS’s allegations.

¶3             On April 15, 2019, the superior court held a dependency trial.
Mother initially denied the allegations in the dependency petition. After a
recess during the trial, Mother changed her position. She told the superior
court she still denied the allegations in the petition but wanted to enter a
no-contest plea. Based on the dependency petition and the exhibits
admitted at trial, the superior court found the Child dependent. As part of
this finding, the superior court found the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA)
did not apply to the Child.




1The superior court also found the Child dependent as to his father; that
ruling is not at issue in this appeal.


                                     2
                          DEBORAH S. v. DCS, M.A.
                            Decision of the Court

¶4          Mother timely appealed. This court has jurisdiction under
Arizona Revised Statutes (A.R.S.) sections 8-235, 12-120.21(A)(1) and 12-
2101(A)(1).

         PRINCIPLES OF LAW AND STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶5               DCS must prove a child is dependent by a preponderance of
the evidence. See Shella H. v. Dep’t of Child Safety, 239 Ariz. 47, 50, ¶ 13 (App.
2016); see also Ariz. R. P. Juv. Ct. 55. A child is dependent when the child is
“[i]n need of proper and effective parental care and control and . . . has no
parent . . . willing to exercise or capable of exercising such care and control.”
A.R.S. § 8-201(15)(a)(i).

¶6            The superior court must base its ruling on the circumstances
at the time of the dependency adjudication trial. Shella H., 239 Ariz. at 50,
¶ 12. The superior court, however, need not disregard the circumstances
giving rise to the dependency in the first place. Id. at 51, ¶ 16. Such
circumstances “need not be continuous or actively occurring at the time of
the adjudication hearing to support a finding of dependency[,] . . . the
substantiated and unresolved threat is sufficient.” Id.

¶7             An appellate court reviews a dependency finding for abuse
of discretion. See Shella H., 239 Ariz. at 50, ¶ 13. An appellate court will reverse
a dependency finding only when no reasonable evidence supports it. Id. The
primary considerations in a dependency are the welfare and best interests
of the child. Michael M. v. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 217 Ariz. 230, 234, ¶ 17
(App. 2007). The superior court is in the “best position to weigh the
evidence, observe the parties, judge the credibility of witnesses, and make
appropriate findings.” Christina G. v. Ariz. Dep’t. of Econ. Sec., 227 Ariz. 231,
234, ¶ 13 (App. 2011). Its assessments will not be second-guessed. See Shella
H., 239 Ariz. at 50, ¶ 15. For this reason, an appellate court views the facts
and draws reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to affirming
the superior court. Ariz. Dep’t of Econ. Sec. v. Matthew L., 223 Ariz. 547, 549,
¶ 7 (App. 2010).

                                     FACTS

¶8           On June 26, 2018, DCS received an initial report regarding the
Child. The initial report alleged the Child and his parents had been
squatting in a home for nine months. The initial report also alleged the
home was extremely dirty, had garbage strewn in the front living room, had
no running water or electricity, and had exposed wiring. A later report
alleged Mother was using and selling drugs from the home and had been



                                         3
                        DEBORAH S. v. DCS, M.A.
                          Decision of the Court

hospitalized the week before for a drug overdose. DCS investigated and
observed multiple people coming in and out of the home.

¶9             On June 27, 2018, DCS safety specialists went to the home to
see the Child. Mother said the Child was at a friend’s home and refused to
allow DCS to do a “walk through” of the home. A few hours later, DCS
safety specialists returned with a Maricopa County Sheriff’s Deputy. At
that time, the safety specialist checked an external waterspout and verified
the home had no running water. Mother again said the Child was not there
and refused to allow DCS to enter the home. DCS later served Mother with
a temporary custody notice.

¶10          On June 28, 2018, DCS visited Mother’s home for the third
time. During this visit, Mother said she had given custody of the Child to
her friend Eric R. (Eric). The next day, June 29, 2018, DCS filed the
dependency petition.

¶11          On July 2, 2018, DCS tried to reach Eric. At this point, DCS
understood Eric had taken the Child to California. Eric and the Child
returned to Arizona. On July 5, 2018, DCS and Glendale Police removed the
Child from Eric’s home. DCS placed the Child in a DCS-approved foster
home.

¶12           On July 6, 2018, Mother arrived late to a Team Decision
Meeting (TDM). During the TDM, DCS offered Mother parent-aide
services, a psychological evaluation, substance-abuse assessment and
treatment, and substance-abuse testing. Mother refused all services. Mother
participated in supervised visitation with the Child but refused to sign the
visitation agreement.

¶13           Mother moved from the home to a travel trailer. She did not
provide DCS with proof of housing. During the dependency trial, Mother
agreed the travel trailer was not adequate to house the Child.

                               ANALYSIS

¶14         Reasonable      evidence       supports   the   superior   court’s
dependency findings.

I.    Drug dependency

¶15            Mother has had issues with substance abuse going back at
least fifteen years. A 2003 Florida DCS case showed the removal of another
child from Mother’s custody. The Florida case showed Mother smoked


                                       4
                        DEBORAH S. v. DCS, M.A.
                          Decision of the Court

crack cocaine in the other child’s presence. Here, DCS safety specialists
observed potential drug activity in Mother’s home. DCS also observed
Mother apparently under the influence at the TDM.

¶16            Mother argues nothing in the DCS reports, aside from the
2003 Florida case, indicates Mother used methamphetamine. Mother argues
this lack of evidence fails to meet the preponderance of evidence burden set
by Rule 55(c) of the Arizona Rules of Procedure in the Juvenile Court. But
at the time of adjudication, Mother had not completed any substance-abuse
assessment, treatment, or testing, including hair follicle and urinalysis
testing. Mother, therefore, did not demonstrate sobriety.

¶17          Taken as a whole, the above evidence supports the superior
court’s dependency finding based on substance abuse.

II.    Mother’s housing

¶18           Despite Mother’s prior testimony, she now argues her
housing situation did not support a dependency finding. At the
dependency hearing, Mother conceded her then-living conditions were not
adequate for the Child and she could not provide suitable housing at that
time. This evidence supports the superior court’s finding on this issue.

                               CONCLUSION

¶19            Mother’s failure to participate in services and her unsuitable
living conditions are reasonable evidence she is not willing or capable of
exercising proper and effective parental care and control. See Shella H., 239
Ariz. at 51, ¶¶ 16-17; see also Pima Cty. Juv. Dependency Action No. 96290, 162
Ariz. 601, 604-05 (App. 1990). The dependency judgment is affirmed.




                          AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
                          FILED: AA




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