                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JUL 23 2020
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

CATRINA R. RODRIGUEZ, on behalf of              No.    19-16199
herself, all others similarly situated,
                                                D.C. No. 4:17-cv-06924-KAW
                Plaintiff-Appellant,

 v.                                             MEMORANDUM*

U.S. HEALTHWORKS, INC., a Delaware
corporation; U.S. HEALTHWORKS
MEDICAL GROUP, PC, A Delaware
corporation,

                Defendants-Appellees,

and

U.S. HEALTHWORKS HOLDING
COMPANY, INC., a business entity form
unknown; DOES, 1 through 100, inclusive,

                Defendants.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Northern District of California
                 Kandis A. Westmore, Magistrate Judge, Presiding

                       Argued and Submitted July 15, 2020
                           San Francisco, California



      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
Before: IKUTA and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges, and TAGLE,** District Judge.

      Catrina Rodriguez appeals the district court’s order denying remand and

granting summary judgment for defendants in her action under the Fair Credit

Reporting Act and California law. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291,

and we reverse and remand with instructions to remand the action to state court.

      We review de novo “issues of subject matter jurisdiction and denials of

motions to remand removed cases.” Ritchey v. Upjohn Drug Co., 139 F.3d 1313,

1315 (9th Cir. 1998). The district court improperly concluded that Rodriguez

sufficiently alleged economic injury to establish Article III standing. Once

Rodriguez no longer claimed that she “lost money or property” at the summary

judgment stage, the court should have concluded that she lacked standing. 28

U.S.C. § 1447(c) (“If at any time before final judgment it appears that the district

court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, the case shall be remanded.” (emphasis

added)); see also Syed v. M-I, LLC, 853 F.3d 492, 499 n.4 (9th Cir. 2017) (noting

“what suffices [for standing] at the Rule 12(b)(6) stage may not suffice at later

stages of proceedings when the facts are tested”). Further, Rodriguez did not suffer

informational injury because the record contains no allegation or evidence that she

was confused by the disclosure statement and would not have signed it if it were



      **
            The Honorable Hilda G. Tagle, United States District Judge for the
Southern District of Texas, sitting by designation.

                                          2                                    19-16199
sufficiently clear. See Syed, 853 F.3d at 499–500. She also did not face difficulty in

obtaining a summary of her rights and did not otherwise suffer a risk of material

harm to any concrete interest. See Ramirez v. TransUnion LLC, 951 F.3d 1008,

1030 (9th Cir. 2020).

      We also do not find the futility doctrine applicable here. See Bell v. City of

Kellogg, 922 F.2d 1418. 1424–25 (9th Cir. 1991) (holding dismissal may be

appropriate when remand would be futile). The doctrine applies only when a

district court has “absolute certainty” that a state court would “simply dismiss the

action on remand”—that is, “only when the eventual outcome . . . is so clear as to

be foreordained have we held that a district court may dismiss it.” Polo v.

Innoventions Int’l, LLC, 833 F.3d 1193, 1198 (9th Cir. 2016). Here, we cannot say

with absolute certainty what a California state court would do in the absence of a

state court decision directly on point.

      REVERSED AND REMANDED with instructions.




                                          3                                    19-16199
