              United States Court of Appeals
                        For the Eighth Circuit
                    ___________________________

                            No. 18-1341
                    ___________________________

                            Ozgur Can Leonard

                   lllllllllllllllllllllPlaintiff - Appellant

                                      v.

                             Rachel Joy Lentz

                   lllllllllllllllllllllDefendant - Appellee

                            Steven Troy Lentz

                         lllllllllllllllllllllDefendant
                                ____________

                 Appeal from United States District Court
               for the Northern District of Iowa - Ft. Dodge
                              ____________

                       Submitted: January 4, 2019
                         Filed: January 14, 2019
                              [Unpublished]
                             ____________

Before GRUENDER, WOLLMAN, and ERICKSON, Circuit Judges.
                       ____________

PER CURIAM.
       In this matter brought under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of
International Child Abduction (Hague Convention),1 Ozgur Leonard, a dual citizen
of Turkey and the United States, appeals from the order of the district court2 granting
judgment in favor of his estranged wife, Rachel Lentz, a United States citizen.
Leonard claimed that Lentz had wrongfully removed the couple’s three minor
children, I.Y.L., E.M.L., and S.M.L, to the United States, and he sought the return of
the children to the Republic of Turkey. Lentz denied having taken any wrongful
action. As an affirmative defense, she asserted, inter alia, that E.M.L., who had been
born with End Stage Renal Disease and needed a kidney transplant, required a much
more advanced treatment facility and medical team than Turkey could provide; and
that returning the children to Turkey would create a grave risk that they would suffer
some physical or psychological harm, or place them in an intolerable situation.

       The district court concluded that Leonard had established a prima facie case for
wrongful removal. See Barzilay v. Barzilay, 600 F.3d 912, 917 (8th Cir. 2010)
(explaining that court considering ICARA petition must determine child’s habitual
residence immediately prior to removal, whether removal violated petitioner’s
custody rights under law of habitual residence, and whether petitioner was exercising
those rights at time of removal). The district court further determined, however, that
Lentz had established the grave risk exception to removal, finding, as relevant, that
the evidence, particularly testimony provided by E.M.L.’s doctors at the University
of Iowa Health Care (UIHC), showed that ordering E.M.L. to be returned at that time
would pose a grave risk to her physical health, and that E.M.L. would need to remain
in close proximity to UIHC for the duration of her post-transplant recovery. See 22


      1
     Pub. L. 100-300 Sec. 2(a)(4), codified as the International Child Abduction
Remedies Act (ICARA), 22 U.S.C. § 9001(a)(4).
      2
      The Honorable C. J. Williams, then Chief United States Magistrate Judge, and
now United States District Judge, for the Northern District of Iowa, presiding
pursuant to the consent of the parties under 28 U.S.C. § 636(c).

                                         -2-
U.S.C. § 9003(e)(2)(A) (respondent opposing child’s return has burden to establish
by clear and convincing evidence that exception set forth in article 13b of Hague
Convention applies); Hague Convention, art. 13b (judicial authority is not bound to
order child’s return if person opposing return establishes there is a grave risk that
child’s return would expose child to physical or psychological harm or otherwise
place child in intolerable situation). Accordingly, the court denied Leonard’s request
to return the children to Turkey. Just weeks after E.M.L. received a kidney transplant
from Lentz, Leonard asked the court to reconsider its decision and, as relevant, to
“order the return of the [c]hildren contingent on a future medical ‘release’ by
[E.M.L’s nephrologist] stating [she was] satisfied that E.M.L’s further care [could]
be provided in Turkey.” The district court found that the issue of whether E.M.L.
could be returned to Turkey post-transplant was not ripe for consideration.

       On appeal, Leonard argues, as relevant, that the district court improperly
denied his request to return the children to Turkey because the transplant had already
occurred and because there was no evidence before the district court demonstrating
that Turkish medical facilities were unable to provide adequate post-transplant care.3

       We agree that the issue is not ripe for consideration, as the record contains
neither evidence that E.M.L. had reached the point in her recovery where her medical
team was prepared to release her nor evidence establishing the point at which post-
transplant return to Turkey would be safe for E.M.L. See Parrish v. Dayton, 761 F.3d
873, 875 (8th Cir. 2014) (ripeness is reviewed de novo; “[a] claim is not ripe for
adjudication if it rests upon contingent future events that may not occur as
anticipated, or indeed may not occur at all”) (citation and internal quotations omitted).

      The judgment is affirmed.4
                     ______________________________

      3
          Leonard’s other appeal arguments are either moot or without merit.
      4
          Lentz’s motion to supplement the record is granted.

                                          -3-
