                                                                                                                           Opinions of the United
2003 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


12-18-2003

Gale v. Vaughn
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 03-1637




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                                                           NOT PRECEDENTIAL

      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT




                                   NO. 03-1637




                                   EARL GALE,
                                                    Appellant

                                         v.

                              DONALD T. VAUGHN




                  On Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
                           (D.C. Civil No. 02-cv-05911)
                     District Judge: Hon. Charles R. Weiner


                    Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                               December 2, 2003

           Before: SLOVITER, ALITO and FRIEDMAN,* Circuit Judges

                            (Filed: December 18, 2003)




                            OPINION OF THE COURT

_____________________

*
     Hon. Daniel M. Friedman, United States Senior Circuit Judge for the Federal
     Circuit, sitting by designation.
SLOVITER, Circuit Judge.

       Before us is the appeal of Earl Gale from the order of the District Court dismissing

his petition for habeas corpus as time-barred.

                                             I.

                              Facts and Procedural History

       On July 20, 1993, appellant Earl Gale was convicted by a jury in the Delaware

County Court of Common Pleas, a Pennsylvania trial court, of first-degree murder,

aggravated assault, conspiracy, attempted homicide, recklessly endangering another

person, possession of a firearm without a license and possession of an instrument of

crime. He was sentenced to life imprisonment, plus 20 to 40 years. The Pennsylvania

Superior Court affirmed on April 25, 1995, and the Pennsylvania Supreme Court denied

allocatur on November 16, 1995.

       Gale filed a petition under the Pennsylvania Post-Conviction Relief Act (PCRA)

on November 27, 1996. Following an evidentiary hearing, the Court of Common Pleas

denied his petition on the merits on December 12, 1998, which was affirmed by the

Superior Court on November 30, 1999. The state supreme court denied Gale’s request for

allowance of appeal by allocatur on May 17, 2000.

       Gale filed a second PCRA petition pro se on August 25, 2000. Following a

hearing, the trial court denied his petition as untimely on January 22, 2001 and the

Superior Court affirmed on July 25, 2002. Gale did not seek allocatur in the Pennsylvania



                                             2
State Supreme Court nor did he seek certiorari in the United States Supreme Court.

       Gale filed a federal habeas petition in the United States District Court for the

Eastern District of Pennsylvania on July 26, 2002, which was denied on February 28,

2003 as untimely. The District Court held that Gale’s first PCRA petition tolled

AEDPA’s statute of limitations but that Gale’s second PCRA petition did not satisfy

Pennsylvania’s timeliness requirements and therefore, was not a “properly filed” petition

that could toll AEDPA’s one-year statute of limitations. App. at 7. The District Court

also noted that in reviewing Gale’s second PCRA petition the Pennsylvania Superior

Court further determined that “Gale failed to allege let alone establish any lawful excuse

for its untimely filing under 42 Pa. C.S. § 9545 (b).” App. at 7. Nonetheless, the District

Court granted a certificate of appealability on the issue of whether Gale’s second PCRA

petition tolled the statue of limitations for filing this action. Gale timely appealed.

                                              II.

                                         Discussion

       Gale filed a habeas corpus petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. The District Court

had jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 2254(a) and this court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28

U.S.C. §§ 1291 and 2253. We have plenary review over issues involving statutes of

limitations. See Merritt v. Blaine, 326 F.3d 157, 161 (3d Cir. 2003), cert. denied, 124 S.

Ct. 317 (2003).

       The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA), 28 U.S.C. §



                                              3
2244(d), provides that a prisoner may file a petition seeking a writ of habeas corpus

within one year from the date on which the prisoner’s state conviction became final. See

Burns v. Morton, 134 F.3d 109, 111 (3d Cir. 1998). If a state prisoner’s conviction

became final prior to the enactment of AEDPA, the one-year period begins to run on the

effective date of AEDPA, April 24, 1996. See Sweger v. Chesney, 294 F.3d 506, 513 (3d

Cir. 2002). This applies to Gale, who was convicted prior to the enactment of AEDPA.

       However, the one-year statute of limitations may be tolled for the “time during

which a properly filed application for State post-conviction or other collateral review with

respect to the pertinent judgment or claim is pending.” 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2) (emphasis

added); see also Swartz v. Meyers, 204 F.3d 417 (3d Cir. 2000). Therefore, Gale’s statute

of limitations was tolled from November 27, 1996, the date on which Gale filed his

PCRA petition, to August 15, 2000, 90 days after the Pennsylvania Supreme Court denied

allocatur (the period for filing a petition for a writ of certiorari). Thus, Gale had until

January 10, 2001 to file a habeas petition.

       The parties agree that Gale’s first PCRA petition tolled AEDPA’s statute of

limitations. The dispute is over Gale’s arguments that his second PCRA petition also

tolled AEDPA and that the period of time the second petition was pending in the state

court while that court determined if the applicability of any of the state’s exceptions to the

timeliness rule should toll the AEDPA limitations even though the state court found

Gale’s second PCRA application untimely.



                                               4
       In Artuz v. Bennett, 531 U.S. 4 (2000), the Supreme Court addressed the question

whether an application for state post-conviction relief containing claims that are

procedurally barred under state law is “properly filed” under AEDPA. The Court

declared that “an application is 'properly filed' when its delivery and acceptance are in

compliance with the applicable laws and rules governing filings,” including, but not

limited to “the time limits upon its delivery.” Id. at 8 (emphasis in original).

       We followed Artuz in Fahy v. Horn, 240 F.3d 239 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, Horn v.

Fahy, 534 U.S. 944 (2001), where we stated that we must look to “state law governing

when a petition for collateral relief is properly filed” and “defer to a state's highest court

when it rules on an issue.” Id. at 243-44. We stated that a “properly filed” application

must be filed “promptly and properly under state law in order to preserve [petitioners’]

right to litigate constitutional claims that are more than one year old in federal court.” Id.

at 243. As such, a “properly filed” petition only tolls AEDPA’s statute of limitations if it

is “‘submitted according to the state's procedural requirements, such as the rules

governing the time and place of filing.’” Id. (citation omitted). Because the Pennsylvania

Supreme Court dismissed Fahy’s petition as untimely, we held that we were bound by the

state court’s determination that the “PCRA petition was not properly filed as a matter of

state law” and held that Fahy’s petition did not toll AEDPA’s statute of limitations. Id. at

244.

       The Supreme Court next considered the AEDPA tolling issue in Carey v. Saffold,



                                               5
536 U.S. 214 (2002), where the Court considered the question left open in Artuz as to

whether the petition is “pending” while the state court determines if the petitioner falls

into one of the state’s exceptions to the timeliness rule. California's post-conviction relief

statute at issue in Carey was unusual as it contained no specific time period because it

only required appealing petitioners to file a second, original petition in a higher state

court within a “reasonable” period of time. Thus, the holding of the Court on the issue of

“reasonableness” is not applicable here but other aspects of the Court’s opinion are

informative. First, the Court noted that a partial merits ruling did not automatically

transform an otherwise untimely petition into a timely one. See id. at 225-26.

Furthermore, the Court stated that

              If the California Supreme Court had clearly ruled that
              [petitioner's] 4½-month delay was unreasonable, that would
              be the end of the matter, regardless of whether it also
              addressed the merits of the claim, or whether its timeliness
              ruling was entangled with the merits.

Id. at 226 (quotation and citation omitted). Significant for our purposes is the Court’s

clear statement that if the state court ruled that the petitioner’s untimeliness were not

excused by a state exception, the federal courts should not toll AEDPA's statute of

limitations for that period. See id. The Carey decision also disposes of Gale’s argument

that the state court’s consideration of a possible justification for the delay related to a

“condition to obtaining relief” and not to a “condition for filing.” The Supreme Court’s

holding that a state court’s conclusion that the application was untimely meant it had not



                                               6
been properly filed necessarily means that a state court’s consideration of possible

justification is a condition for filing and not a condition for obtaining relief.

       We followed Carey in our decision in Merritt, where we held that “an untimely

application for state post-conviction relief by a petitioner, who sought but was denied

application of a statutory exception to the PCRA's time bar, is not ‘properly filed’ under

28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2).” 326 F.3d at 159. That holding is dispositive here.

       Merritt, like Gale, filed two unsuccessful PCRA petitions. Although there was no

dispute that Merritt’s first PCRA tolled AEDPA’s one-year statute of limitations, M erritt

argued that even if his second PCRA petition were untimely it was still “properly filed”

because the PCRA contained statutory exceptions to the time limit for filing. The state

courts determined that Merritt did not properly allege or prove that he fell within any of

the statutory exceptions to the timeliness rules. The federal District Court then denied

Merritt’s habeas petition as time-barred, reasoning that because the state courts found

Merritt’s second PCRA petition to be untimely it was not “properly filed” and did not toll

the statute of limitations under AEDPA.

       We affirmed, emphasizing the “requirement of deference to the state court’s

decision” and stating that the panel was “bound by the state court's finding that M erritt's

second PCRA petition was untimely.” Id. at 166, 168; see id. at 168 (“Once the

Pennsylvania court has so decided [that a petition is untimely and does not qualify for any

of the exceptions], it would be an undue interference for a federal district court to decide



                                               7
otherwise.”). Because the highest state court held that Merritt’s petition was untimely, we

concluded that Merritt’s second PCRA petition was not “properly filed.” Id. at 166; see

id. at 168 (“[I]f a state's Supreme Court has determined that a petition was not timely,

then we must hold that it was not ‘properly filed.’”) (emphasis in original).

       Gale does not dispute the symmetry between his case and Merritt. Instead, he

argues that Merritt was wrongly decided. He would have us adopt the holdings in

Dictado v. Ducharme, 244 F.3d 724, 727-28 (9th Cir. 2001), and Smith v. Ward, 209 F.3d

383, 385 (5th Cir. 2000), both of which were decided before the Supreme Court’s

decision in Carey. In Merritt, we explicitly declined to adopt the reasoning of those

decisions. We said that, “[w]e need not decide whether we would find the Ninth Circuit's

analysis persuasive because we are bound by our prior holding in Fahy.” 326 F.3d at 165.

       Gale’s reliance on Nara v. Frank, 264 F.3d 310 (3d Cir. 2001), is also unavailing.

In Merritt, we distinguished Nara and noted that “[a]fter Carey, Nara would be analyzed

differently.” Merritt, 326 F.3d at 166 n.7. It follows that Gale’s arguments have already

been considered and rejected by this court.

                                              III.

                                        Conclusion

       In conclusion, the weight of authority – from the Supreme Court’s decisions in

Artuz and Carey and this court’s decisions in Fahy and Merritt – makes clear that, if a

state court finds that a PCRA petition was untimely and ineligible for exceptions to the



                                               8
timeliness rule, that petition was not “properly filed” and does not toll AEDPA’s statute

of limitations. Gale’s second untimely PCRA petition did not toll the AEDPA statute of

limitations. We will affirm the District Court’s order dismissing Gale’s petition for a writ

of habeas corpus as time-barred.




TO THE CLERK:

              Please file the foregoing opinion.




              /s/ Dolores K. Sloviter
              Circuit Judge
