                                                      STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA 

                                                    SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

                                                                                     FILED
In re L.S.-1, L.S.-2, and L.S.-3                                                  June 15, 2018
                                                                                 EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
                                                                                 SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
No. 18-0103 (Raleigh County 2017-JA-84, 85, and 86)                                  OF WEST VIRGINIA 




                                                          MEMORANDUM DECISION
        Petitioner Father S.S., by counsel Gavin G. Ward, appeals the Circuit Court of Raleigh
County’s January 9, 2018, order terminating his parental rights to L.S.-1, L.S.-2, and L.S.-3.1
The West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel Lee
Niezgoda, filed a response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem
(“guardian”), Stanley I. Selden, filed a response on behalf of the children in support of the circuit
court’s order. On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying his motion for
an extension of his post-adjudicatory improvement period and not granting him a less-restrictive
disposition than termination of his parental rights.

        This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

       On March 27, 2017, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition alleging that L.S.-3
and the mother tested positive for substances upon the child’s birth, the parents neglected to
provide the child with proper nutrition and medical care, the home had no water or heat and was
unsanitary, and petitioner abused substances. Petitioner waived the preliminary hearing and was
ordered to submit to drug screens. On May 31, 2017, the circuit court held an adjudicatory
hearing. Petitioner stipulated to the allegations of abuse and neglect, was adjudicated as an
abusing parent, and was granted a post-adjudicatory improvement period.

       In June of 2017, the multidisciplinary treatment (“MDT”) team met and developed a case
plan with which petitioner agreed. The case plan required petitioner to remain drug-free, submit
to random drug screens, and attend inpatient substance abuse treatment if he failed to comply
                                                            
              1
         Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W.Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W.Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013);
State v. Brandon B., 218 W.Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183
W.Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990). Additionally, because the children share the same initials,
they will be referred to as L.S.-1, L.S.-2, and L.S.-3 throughout this memorandum decision.


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with random drug screening or screened positive for substances. The plan also required petitioner
to complete parenting skills and adult life skills classes. On September 27, 2017, the circuit court
held a review hearing. Petitioner did not attend, but was represented by counsel. The DHHR
reported that petitioner had not provided any drug screens, had not appeared for MDT meetings,
and failed to comply with any of the terms and conditions of his post-adjudicatory improvement
period.

        On November 20, 2017, the DHHR filed a motion to terminate petitioner’s post-
adjudicatory improvement period due to his non-compliance. On January 3, 2018, the circuit
court held a hearing on this motion. An employee from the drug screening facility testified that
although petitioner appeared occasionally to screen, he never produced a sample for testing, and
had not appeared for testing since June of 2017. A DHHR caseworker testified that petitioner
was instructed by the MDT to attend inpatient substance abuse treatment if his sobriety could not
be confirmed by drug screens. The caseworker further testified that petitioner claimed that he
had a medical condition that caused him to be unable to urinate in front of other people, but
petitioner never provided documentation for the condition and, therefore, an alternative method
for drug screening was never discussed. She also testified that petitioner participated in about
half of the parenting classes and visitations and then quit participating in September of 2017.
Pursuant to the case plan, petitioner was directed to participate in services through December of
2017. The caseworker opined that petitioner was unlikely to successfully complete the terms and
conditions of his improvement period, even if he was given a three-month extension. Petitioner
admitted that he had not drug screened during his post-adjudicatory improvement period, but
claimed it was because he could not urinate in front of people. Petitioner admitted that he did not
consult with the DHHR to resolve the issue of missed drug screens. Lastly, petitioner claimed
that he was willing to enter an inpatient treatment facility at the time of the dispositional hearing,
but admitted that he failed to submit to treatment for months, despite his agreement with the
MDT to do so.

        At the conclusion of the hearing, the circuit court found petitioner failed to comply with
the terms and conditions of his post-adjudicatory improvement period and his case plan, and
denied his motion for an extension. The circuit court further found no reasonable likelihood that
the conditions of abuse and neglect could be corrected in the near future and that termination of
his parental rights was in the children’s best interests. Ultimately, the circuit court terminated
petitioner’s parental rights in its January 9, 2018, order.2 It is from this order that petitioner
appeals.

              The Court has previously established the following standard of review:

                     “Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
              novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the

                                                            
              2
        According to the guardian, the mother successfully completed her post-adjudicatory
improvement period and regained custody of all three children. Although the DHHR retained
legal custody of the children, the permanency plan is reunification with the mother while the
DHHR continues to monitor the family and assist in the reunification. The concurrent
permanency plan is adoption by the maternal grandmother.
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       facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
       evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether
       such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a
       reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when,
       although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire
       evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been
       committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply
       because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if
       the circuit court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record
       viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223,
       470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).

Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011). Upon our review, this Court
finds no error in the proceedings below.

        On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying his motion for an
extension of his post-adjudicatory improvement period. In support of his argument, petitioner
asserts that he visited the children and that the visits went well. He further argues that an
extension would not impair the DHHR’s ability to permanently place the children and that it is in
their best interests to be placed with “an improved natural parent.” We do not find this argument
persuasive.

       Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 49-4-610(6),

       [a] court may extend any improvement period granted pursuant to subdivision (2)
       or (3) of this section for a period not to exceed three months when the court finds
       that the [parent] has substantially complied with the terms of the improvement
       period; that the continuation of the improvement period will not substantially
       impair the ability of the department to permanently place the child[ren]; and that
       the extension is otherwise consistent with the best interest of the child[ren].

While petitioner argues that he attended visits with the children and that they went well, he
admits that he only attended half of the parenting classes until he stopped participating. Further,
petitioner failed to submit to drug screens throughout the post-adjudicatory improvement period
or attend an inpatient treatment program. Additionally, while he claims that he could not urinate
in order to provide a sample for the drug screens, petitioner did not pursue another means of drug
testing. Based on this evidence, petitioner failed to substantially comply with the terms and
conditions of his post-adjudicatory improvement period and did not meet the burden to receive
an extension of the same. Therefore, we find no error in the circuit court’s denial of petitioner’s
motion for an extension of his post-adjudicatory improvement period.

       Further, we find no error in the circuit court’s termination of petitioner’s parental rights.
West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(b)(6) provides that circuit courts are to terminate parental rights
upon findings that there is “no reasonable likelihood that the conditions of neglect or abuse can
be substantially corrected in the near future” and that termination is necessary for the children’s
welfare. West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(c)(3) provides that no reasonable likelihood that the

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conditions of abuse or neglect can be substantially corrected exists when “[t]he abusing parent . .
. ha[s] not responded to or followed through with a reasonable family case plan or other
rehabilitative efforts[.]” The evidence discussed above also supports the circuit court’s findings
that there was no reasonable likelihood that petitioner could substantially correct the conditions
of abuse and neglect in the near future and that termination of petitioner’s parental rights was in
the children’s best interest.

        Petitioner also argues that the circuit court erred in not granting him a less-restrictive
alternative to termination of his parental rights, such as an extension of his improvement period.
Petitioner argues that he “completed close to half of the required parenting classes before getting
discouraged with the process” and that he promised to comply with the DHHR’s request that he
attend an inpatient drug treatment program. However, as discussed, petitioner failed to
substantially comply with the terms and conditions of his post-adjudicatory improvement period
and, therefore, did not meet the burden to receive an extension. We have held that

               “[t]ermination of parental rights, the most drastic remedy under the
       statutory provision covering the disposition of neglected children, W. Va.Code [§]
       49-6-5 [now West Virginia Code § 49-4-604] . . . may be employed without the
       use of intervening less restrictive alternatives when it is found that there is no
       reasonable likelihood under W. Va.Code [§] 49-6-5(b) [now West Virginia Code
       § 49-4-604(c)] . . . that conditions of neglect or abuse can be substantially
       corrected.” Syllabus point 2, In re R.J.M., 164 W.Va. 496, 266 S.E.2d 114 (1980).

Syl. Pt. 5, In re Kristin Y., 227 W.Va. 558, 712 S.E.2d 55 (2011). Based upon the evidence
discussed above, there was no reasonable likelihood that petitioner could correct the conditions
of abuse and neglect in the near future and termination of his parental rights was in the children’s
best interests. Therefore, termination was appropriate.

        Lastly, because the DHHR retains legal custody of the children and continues to provide
reunification services in the matter, this Court reminds the circuit court of its duty to establish
permanency for the children. Rule 39(b) of the Rules of Procedure for Child Abuse and Neglect
Proceedings requires:

       At least once every three months until permanent placement is achieved as
       defined in Rule 6, the court shall conduct a permanent placement review
       conference, requiring the multidisciplinary treatment team to attend and report as
       to progress and development in the case, for the purpose of reviewing the progress
       in the permanent placement of the child.

Further, this Court reminds the circuit court of its duty pursuant to Rule 43 of the Rules of
Procedure for Child Abuse and Neglect Proceedings to find permanent placement for the
children within twelve months of the date of the dispositional order. As this Court has stated,

              [t]he [twelve]-month period provided in Rule 43 of the West Virginia
       Rules of Procedures for Child Abuse and Neglect Proceedings for permanent
       placement of an abused and neglected child following the final dispositional order

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       must be strictly followed except in the most extraordinary circumstances which
       are fully substantiated in the record.

Cecil T., 228 W.Va. at 91, 717 S.E.2d at 875, Syl. Pt. 6. Moreover, this Court has stated that

               [i]n determining the appropriate permanent out-of-home placement of a
       child under W.Va.Code § 49-6-5(a)(6) [1996] [now West Virginia Code § 49-4-
       604(b)(6)], the circuit court shall give priority to securing a suitable adoptive
       home for the child and shall consider other placement alternatives, including
       permanent foster care, only where the court finds that adoption would not provide
       custody, care, commitment, nurturing and discipline consistent with the child’s
       best interests or where a suitable adoptive home can not be found.

Syl. Pt. 3, State v. Michael M., 202 W.Va. 350, 504 S.E.2d 177 (1998). Finally, “[t]he guardian
ad litem’s role in abuse and neglect proceedings does not actually cease until such time as the
child is placed in a permanent home.” Syl. Pt. 5, James M. v. Maynard, 185 W.Va. 648, 408
S.E.2d 400 (1991).

       For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court, and its
January 9, 2018, dispositional order is hereby affirmed.


                                                                                         Affirmed.




ISSUED: June 15, 2018


CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker

Justice Allen H. Loughry II, suspended and therefore not participating




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