MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                             Feb 29 2016, 9:07 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.


ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT T.R.                              ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Thomas C. Allen                                          Gregory F. Zoeller
Fort Wayne, Indiana                                      Attorney General of Indiana
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT M.S.C.                            Robert J. Henke
                                                         James D. Boyer
Robert H. Bellinger, II
                                                         Deputy Attorneys General
The Bellinger Law Office
                                                         Indianapolis, Indiana
Fort Wayne, Indiana


                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In the Matter of the Termination                         February 29, 2016
of the Parent-Child Relationship                         Court of Appeals Case No.
of:                                                      02A03-1507-JT-991
J.R., S.R., K.R., & Z.R.,                                Appeal from the Allen Superior
                                                         Court
and
                                                         The Honorable Charles F. Pratt,
T.R. (Mother) & M.S.C. (Father)                          Judge
Appellants-Respondents,                                  Trial Court Cause No.
                                                         02D08-1410-JT-130
        v.                                               02D08-1410-JT-131
                                                         02D08-1410-JT-132
                                                         02D08-1410-JT-133
The Indiana Department of
Child Services,
Appellee-Petitioner.




Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1507-JT-991| February 29, 2016   Page 1 of 12
      Bailey, Judge.



                                            Case Summary
[1]   T.R. (“Mother”), mother of J.R., S.R., K.R., and Z.R. (collectively,

      “Children”), and M.S.C. (“Putative Father”), the alleged biological father of

      Z.R., appeal the termination of their parental rights upon the petition of the

      Allen County Department of Child Services (“DCS”). We affirm.


                                                       Issue
[2]   Mother presents one issue for review, and Putative Father presents two. We

      consolidate and restate these issues as: whether DCS established, by clear and

      convincing evidence, the requisite statutory elements to support the termination

      decision.



                             Facts and Procedural History
[3]   Mother and C.R. (“Legal Father”) were married in 2005 and divorced in 2014.

      All four Children were born during the marriage. However, K.R.’s biological

      father is unknown, and Z.R.’s biological father is Putative Father.1


[4]   On or about November 15, 2012, police responded to an incident of domestic

      battery between Mother and her oldest son from a previous relationship, K.C.




      1
        Although Putative Father did not establish paternity during these proceedings, Mother testified, and a DNA
      test indicated, that Putative Father is Z.R.’s biological father.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1507-JT-991| February 29, 2016          Page 2 of 12
      Authorities discovered that Mother’s home, where Children were living, was in

      “deplorable condition” with trash, dirty clothes, animal feces, and dried vomit

      on the floor; dirty dishes and rotten food in the kitchen; and little food for

      Children and no formula for Z.R. (Exhibit 8.) Children were removed from

      the home and, four days later, placed in Legal Father’s care.


[5]   Children were adjudicated Children in Need of Services (“CHINS”) on

      February 20, 2013. That same day, the court held a dispositional hearing and

      ordered Mother to, among other conditions, submit to a diagnostic assessment,

      obtain drug and alcohol evaluations, enroll in and complete home-based

      services with a focus on household management and parent education, submit

      to random drug screens, and participate in visitation with Children. At a later

      dispositional hearing, the court ordered Putative Father to establish paternity as

      to Z.R.


[6]   In 2013, Children were removed from Legal Father’s home and placed in foster

      care. On October 9, 2014, DCS filed petitions to involuntarily terminate

      Mother’s and Legal Father’s parental rights as to Children and Putative

      Father’s rights as to Z.R. Hearings were held on March 16, 2015, March 25,

      2015, and April 6, 2015. On June 30, 2015, the trial court entered orders

      terminating Mother’s parent-child relationships with Children and Putative




      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1507-JT-991| February 29, 2016   Page 3 of 12
      Father’s parent-child relationship with Z.R.2 Mother and Putative Father now

      appeal.



                                     Discussion and Decision
[7]   Our standard of review is highly deferential in cases concerning the termination

      of parental rights. In re K.S., 750 N.E.2d 832, 836 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001). This

      Court will not set aside the trial court’s judgment terminating a parent-child

      relationship unless it is clearly erroneous. In re A.A.C., 682 N.E.2d 542, 544

      (Ind. Ct. App. 1997). When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to

      support a judgment of involuntary termination of a parent-child relationship,

      we neither reweigh the evidence nor judge the credibility of the witnesses. Id.

      We consider only the evidence that supports the judgment and the reasonable

      inferences to be drawn therefrom. Id. When, as here, a judgment contains

      specific findings of fact and conclusions thereon, we apply a two-tiered standard

      of review. Bester v. Lake Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 839 N.E.2d 143, 147

      (Ind. 2005). First, we determine whether the evidence supports the findings,

      and second, we determine whether the findings support the judgment. Id. A

      judgment is clearly erroneous if the findings do not support the court’s

      conclusions or the conclusions do not support the judgment. Id.




      2
          Legal Father’s parental rights were not terminated and he does not participate in this appeal.


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1507-JT-991| February 29, 2016               Page 4 of 12
[8]   Parental rights are of a constitutional dimension, but the law provides for the

      termination of those rights when the parents are unable or unwilling to meet

      their parental responsibilities. Id. The purpose of terminating parental rights is

      not to punish the parents, but to protect their children. In re L.S., 717 N.E.2d

      204, 208 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999), trans. denied.


[9]   Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2) sets out the elements that DCS must allege

      and prove by clear and convincing evidence in order to terminate a parent-child

      relationship:

              (A)          that one (1) of the following is true:


                    (i)       The child has been removed from the parent for at least
                              six (6) months under a dispositional decree.


                    (ii)      A court has entered a finding under IC 31-34-21-5.6
                              that reasonable efforts for family preservation or
                              reunification are not required, including a description
                              of the court’s finding, the date of the finding, and the
                              manner in which the finding was made.


                    (iii)     The child has been removed from the parent and has
                              been under the supervision of a local office or
                              probation department for at least fifteen (15) months of
                              the most recent twenty-two (22) months, beginning
                              with the date the child is removed from the home as a
                              result of the child being alleged to be a child in need of
                              services or a delinquent child;


              (B)          that one (1) of the following is true:


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1507-JT-991| February 29, 2016   Page 5 of 12
                     (i)       There is a reasonable probability that the conditions
                               that resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for
                               placement outside the home of the parents will not be
                               remedied.


                     (ii)      There is a reasonable probability that the continuation
                               of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the
                               well-being of the child.


                     (iii)     The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been
                               adjudicated a child in need of services;


               (C)          that termination is in the best interests of the child; and


               (D)          that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment
                            of the child.


       If the court finds that the allegations in a petition described above are true, the

       court shall terminate the parent-child relationship. I.C. § 31-35-2-8(a).


[10]   We first turn to Putative Father’s contention that there was insufficient

       evidence to support the trial court’s termination order. Putative Father does not

       challenge the court’s determinations under Indiana Code sections 31-35-2-

       4(b)(2)(A) (removal), (C) (best interests), or (D) (satisfactory plan). Rather,

       Putative Father challenges the determination under Section (B), raising

       objections under both subsections (i) (reasonable probability that the conditions

       of removal or reasons for placement outside the home will not be remedied)

       and (ii) (reasonable probability that the continuation of the parent-child

       relationship poses a threat to the child’s well-being).

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1507-JT-991| February 29, 2016   Page 6 of 12
[11]   Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B) is written in the disjunctive, and

       therefore the court need only find that one of the three requirements of

       subsection (b)(2)(B) has been established by clear and convincing evidence. See

       L.S., 717 N.E.2d at 209. Because we find it dispositive under the facts of this

       case, we review only whether DCS established, by clear and convincing

       evidence, that there is a reasonable probability that the conditions of removal or

       reasons for placement outside of Putative Father’s care will not be remedied.

       See I.C. § 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B)(i).


[12]   We engage in a two-step analysis to determine whether the conditions that led

       to Z.R.’s placement outside of Putative Father’s home likely will not be

       remedied. In re K.T.K., 989 N.E.2d 1225, 1231 (Ind. 2013). First, we ascertain

       what conditions led to her placement and retention in foster care, and second,

       we determine whether there is a reasonable probability that those conditions

       will not be remedied. Id. In making these decisions, a trial court must judge a

       parent’s fitness to care for his or her child at the time of the termination hearing,

       taking into consideration evidence of changed conditions. In re E.M., 4 N.E.3d

       636, 643 (Ind. 2014).


[13]   Z.R. was born in November 2011. Putative Father testified that he last saw

       Z.R. that month. Putative Father was then arrested and, on April 19, 2012,

       pleaded guilty to Robbery, as a Class B felony. He was convicted of a separate

       count of Robbery, as a Class B felony, on May 10, 2013. Putative Father was

       incarcerated at the time Z.R. was removed from Mother’s home and thus he

       was unable to care for Z.R. He was incarcerated throughout the termination

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1507-JT-991| February 29, 2016   Page 7 of 12
       proceedings, and his earliest projected release date is in August 2026, when

       Z.R. will be almost fifteen years old. Z.R.’s Court-Appointed Special Advocate

       (“CASA”) Julia McIntosh testified that Putative Father “has had very little, if

       any, contact” with Z.R. and “there’s not a way he can meet her needs right

       now.” (Tr. 353.)


[14]   Putative Father argues that DCS failed to carry its burden because DCS did not

       show that Putative Father would not receive time cuts, sentence modifications,

       or alternative sentencing that would allow him to care for Z.R. earlier than his

       projected release date. Yet Putative Father points to no evidence presented that

       supports his argument that he is or could be eligible for release earlier than the

       date DCS provided. The trial court’s conclusion that there is a reasonable

       probability that the reasons for Z.R.’s placement outside of Putative Father’s

       care will not be remedied thus was not clearly erroneous.


[15]   We next turn to Mother’s contention that there was insufficient evidence to

       support the trial court’s order terminating her parent-child relationships with

       Children. Mother does not challenge the court’s determinations under Indiana

       Code sections 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(A), (B), or (D). Instead, Mother argues that there

       was insufficient evidence to support the court’s conclusion that termination is in

       Children’s best interests. See I.C. § 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(C).


               Pursuant to Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)[(2)](C), DCS must
               provide sufficient evidence “that termination is in the best
               interests of the child.” In determining what is in the best interests
               of a child, the trial court is required to look beyond the factors
               identified by the DCS and consider the totality of the evidence.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1507-JT-991| February 29, 2016   Page 8 of 12
               In re J.S., 906 N.E.2d 226, 236 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009). In so doing,
               the trial court must subordinate the interests of the parent to
               those of the child. Id. The court need not wait until a child is
               harmed irreversibly before terminating the parent-child
               relationship. Id. Recommendations of the case manager and
               court-appointed advocate, in addition to evidence the conditions
               resulting in removal will not be remedied, are sufficient to show
               by clear and convincing evidence that termination is in the child’s
               best interests. Id.


       In re J.C., 994 N.E.2d 278, 289-92 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013), reh’g denied.


[16]   As the trial court found, the record shows that Mother has struggled to

       maintain employment and stable housing since Children were removed from

       her care. Since that time, Mother has had five jobs, and at the time of the

       termination hearings, had been unemployed since July 2014. She had at least

       six different residences during the pendency of the CHINS and termination

       proceedings.


[17]   Mother’s visitation with Children has been inconsistent. Ashley Fisher,

       Mother’s family coach, testified that visitation was suspended several times due

       to Mother’s failure to attend or cancel in advance. In May 2014, Mother

       requested that visitation be suspended because she had shingles. Although

       Mother quickly obtained documentation that she was misdiagnosed and did not

       have shingles, she did not provide DCS that documentation until August 2014.

       As a result, visitation remained suspended and Mother did not visit Children

       for four months. Since Children were removed from Mother’s care, she has

       never progressed beyond supervised visitation.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1507-JT-991| February 29, 2016   Page 9 of 12
[18]   Mother has admitted that she is addicted to pain medication. Mother was

       referred for substance abuse counseling, but twice failed to complete treatment

       in 2013. She underwent two re-assessments in 2014, but both times her services

       were closed for noncompliance. Between August 2014 and February 2015, she

       tested positive for oxycodone, hydrocodone, and alprazolam (commonly

       known as Xanax), but did not provide proof that she had been prescribed these

       medications.3 Because of Mother’s continued “inability to remain clean and

       sober out in the community” (Tr. 136), a substance abuse therapist

       recommended that Mother receive inpatient treatment. Mother, however,

       declined.


[19]   Family Case Manager Mary Connell (“FCM Connell”) recommended that

       Mother’s parental rights be terminated due to Mother’s inability to move

       beyond supervised visitation, unstable employment and housing situations,

       continued positive drug screens, failure to complete substance abuse treatment,

       and inconsistent visitation with Children. (Tr. 239.) Children’s CASA also

       recommended termination, citing Mother’s non-compliance with services,

       failure to complete substance abuse classes, inconsistent visitation, and because,

       in over two years, there was “little progress.” (Tr. 352.) Both FCM Connell

       and the CASA noted Children’s need for permanency.




       3
         Mother also submitted to six urinalysis drug screens in 2014 that tested “positive.” The results of the
       screens were compiled as Exhibits 37 through 42, but were not admitted into evidence.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1507-JT-991| February 29, 2016            Page 10 of 12
[20]   Although Mother argues that DCS failed to meet its burden because the court

       did not find that a continued relationship between Mother and Children would

       be harmful to Children, “the court need not wait until a child is harmed

       irreversibly before terminating the parent-child relationship.” In re J.C., 994

       N.E.2d 278 at 292. Here, the record is replete with Mother’s noncompliance

       with services, ongoing substance abuse, inconsistent visitation, and inability to

       maintain stable employment or housing. Mother’s argument that, despite this

       evidence, her parental rights should not have been terminated because an

       “ongoing relationship with the children was a positive benefit for the children”

       (Appellant-Mother’s Br. 14) is an invitation to reweigh the evidence, which this

       Court will not do.4 See In re A.A.C., 682 N.E.2d at 544.


[21]   The trial court’s conclusion that termination was in Children’s best interests

       was not clearly erroneous.



                                                 Conclusion
[22]   DCS established, by clear and convincing evidence, the requisite elements of

       Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2). Accordingly, the trial court’s judgment of

       involuntary termination of Mother’s parent-child relationships with Children




       4
        Because the court’s order contemplates reunification of Children with Legal Father, Mother also argues
       “there is no reason why there shouldn’t be a continuation of [her] relationship with the children in a
       noncustodial fashion.” (Appellant-Mother’s Br. 15.) Mother, however, cites no authority to support the
       argument that termination of parental rights is inappropriate when a child eventually could be reunified with
       another parent who has shown a willingness, if not current ability, to care for the child. Accordingly, this
       argument is waived. See Ind. Appellate Rule 46(A)(8)(a).

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1507-JT-991| February 29, 2016          Page 11 of 12
       and Putative Father’s parent-child relationship with Z.R. was not clearly

       erroneous.


[23]   Affirmed.


       Vaidik, C.J., and Crone, J., concur.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 02A03-1507-JT-991| February 29, 2016   Page 12 of 12
