Order                                                                      Michigan Supreme Court
                                                                                 Lansing, Michigan

  December 12, 2012                                                                Robert P. Young, Jr.,
                                                                                             Chief Justice

  143909                                                                           Michael F. Cavanagh
  143911                                                                                 Marilyn Kelly
                                                                                   Stephen J. Markman
                                                                                   Diane M. Hathaway
                                                                                       Mary Beth Kelly
  PATRICK C. HALL and AVA ORTNER,                                                      Brian K. Zahra,
            Plaintiffs-Appellees,                                                                 Justices

  v                                                      SC: 143909
                                                         COA: 294647
                                                         Oakland CC: 2009-099833-CD
  STARK REAGAN, P.C., PETER L. ARVANT,
  KENNETH M. BOYER, WILLIAM D.
  GIRARDOT, CHRISTOPHER E. LeVASSEUR,
  R. KEITH STARK, and MICHAEL H.
  WHITING,
             Defendants-Appellants,
  and
  JOSEPH A. AHERN and JEFFREY J. FLEURY,
             Defendants-Appellees.

  _________________________________________/
  PATRICK C. HALL and AVA ORTNER,
            Plaintiffs-Appellees,
  v                                                      SC: 143911
                                                         COA: 294647
                                                         Oakland CC: 2009-099833-CD
  STARK REAGAN, P.C., PETER L. ARVANT,
  KENNETH M. BOYER, WILLIAM D.
  GIRARDOT, CHRISTOPHER E. LeVASSEUR,
  R. KEITH STARK, and MICHAEL H.
  WHITING,
             Defendants-Appellees,
  and
  JOSEPH A. AHERN and JEFFREY J. FLEURY,
             Defendants-Appellants.

  _________________________________________/

         On order of the Court, leave to appeal having been granted, and the briefs and oral
  argument of the parties having been considered by the Court, we REVERSE that part of
  the September 13, 2011 judgment of the Court of Appeals holding that this matter was
  not subject to arbitration, and we REINSTATE the October 1, 2009 order of the Oakland
  Circuit Court granting summary disposition in favor of the defendants. The dispute in
  this case concerns the motives of the defendant shareholders in invoking the separation
  provisions of the Shareholders’ Agreement, Article 8.1 and/or Article 9.1, with respect to
  the plaintiffs. This is a “dispute regarding interpretation or enforcement of . . . the
  parties’ rights or obligations” under the Shareholders’ Agreement, and is therefore
                                                                                            2

subject to binding arbitration pursuant to Article 14.1 of the Agreement. Because the
dispute between these parties is subject to binding arbitration, it was unnecessary for the
Court of Appeals to reach the issue of standing under the Civil Rights Act, MCL 37.2101
et seq., and we VACATE that part of the judgment of the Court of Appeals. For the same
reason, we decline to address the remaining issues raised on appeal.

       CAVANAGH, J. (dissenting).

        I respectfully dissent from the majority’s decision to reverse the judgment of the
Court of Appeals, reinstating the trial court’s grant of summary disposition for defendants
and compelling the arbitration of plaintiffs’ claim under Michigan’s Civil Rights Act
(CRA), MCL 37.2101 et seq. I agree with Justice MARILYN KELLY’s dissenting
statement that a dispute regarding defendants’ motivations for terminating plaintiffs’
employment does not fall within the scope of the parties’ arbitration clause. Thus, I
would affirm the result reached by the Court of Appeals, including its holding that
plaintiffs have standing under the CRA.

        However, even if the parties’ dispute fell within the scope of the arbitration clause,
for the reasons I stated in Heurtebise v Reliable Business Computers, Inc, 452 Mich 405,
414-438 (1996) (opinion by CAVANAGH, J.), the arbitration clause in this case is not
enforceable because an employee’s prospective waiver of the constitutional right to
litigate a civil rights claim in a judicial forum is contrary to the Legislature’s intent when
it enacted the CRA and the people’s intent when they adopted the Michigan Constitution
in 1963, see id. at 426-436. The right to pursue employment is secured by an individual’s
direct access to judicial remedies; therefore, the majority abases this right by enforcing a
prospective waiver of the right to a judicial forum. The foregoing provides additional
justification for why this Court should affirm the result reached by the Court of Appeals,
although on different grounds.

       HATHAWAY, J., joins the statement of CAVANAGH, J.

       MARILYN KELLY, J. (dissenting).
                                                                                                                3


      I dissent from the majority’s decision to reverse in part the Court of Appeals’
judgment and reinstate summary disposition in favor of defendants. The majority
concludes that plaintiffs’ civil rights claims constitute a “dispute regarding interpretation
or enforcement of any of the parties’ rights or obligations” under the shareholders’
agreement. I disagree.

        As the Court of Appeals majority observed, the only “rights or obligations”
addressed in the shareholders’ agreement involved entitlement to stock ownership and
restrictions on stock transfer. 1 Plaintiffs have advanced no argument that defendants
violated any of those provisions. Rather, plaintiffs claim that although defendants
complied with all provisions in the agreement, their reasons for divesting plaintiffs of
their stock violated the Civil Rights Act. 2

        There is a significant difference between challenging the motives for divesting
plaintiffs of their stock and the mechanics by which the divestiture occurred. The latter is
clearly within the scope of the shareholders’ agreement because that agreement sets forth
the specific mechanics by which such divestiture may occur. But the shareholders’
agreement is silent with respect to the former. Accordingly, I cannot conclude that
plaintiffs’ claims involve any “rights or obligations” arising under that agreement.

      For this reason, I dissent from the order and would affirm the Court of Appeals’
judgment in its entirety.

         HATHAWAY, J., joins the statement of MARILYN KELLY, J.




1
    Hall v Stark Reagan, PC, 294 Mich App 88, 96 (2011).
2
    MCL 37.2101 et seq.



                          I, Corbin R. Davis, Clerk of the Michigan Supreme Court, certify that the
                    foregoing is a true and complete copy of the order entered at the direction of the Court.
                          December 12, 2012                   _________________________________________
         t1205                                                                Clerk
