                                                                                       ACCEPTED
                                                                                  01-14-00397-CR
                                                                        FIRST COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                HOUSTON, TEXAS
                                                                            1/30/2015 10:43:57 AM
                      No. 01-14-00397-CR                                      CHRISTOPHER PRINE
                                                                                           CLERK

                              In the
                       Court of Appeals
                             For the                         FILED IN
                     First District of Texas          1st COURT OF APPEALS
                                                          HOUSTON, TEXAS
                           At Houston
                                                      1/30/2015 10:43:57 AM
                                           CHRISTOPHER A. PRINE
                                                               Clerk

                           No. 1421621
               In the 338th Criminal District Court
                     Of Harris County, Texas
                    

              ANA TRUJILLO a.k.a ANA FOX
                       Appellant
                          V.
                 THE STATE OF TEXAS
                       Appellee
                    

               STATE’S APPELLATE BRIEF
                    

                                         DEVON ANDERSON
                                         District Attorney
                                         Harris County, Texas
                                         MELISSA P. HERVEY
                                         Assistant District Attorney
                                         Harris County, Texas
                                         State Bar Number: 24053741

                                         JOHN JORDAN
                                         SARAH SEELY
                                         Assistant District Attorneys

                                         1201 Franklin Street, Suite 600
                                         Houston, Texas 77002
                                         Telephone: (713) 755-5826
                                         Fax Number: (713) 755-5809
                                         Hervey_Melissa@dao.hctx.net

ORAL ARGUMENT REQUESTED ONLY IF REQUESTED BY APPELLANT
               STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT

      Pursuant to Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.4(g) and Texas Rule of

Appellate Procedure 39.1, the State requests oral argument only if appellant

requests oral argument.

                     IDENTIFICATION OF THE PARTIES

      Pursuant to Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure 38.1(a) and 38.2(a)(1)(A), a

complete list of the names of all interested parties, and the names and addresses of

all trial and appellate counsel, is provided below:

      Complainant or Victim:

             Stefan Andersson

      Counsel for the State:

             Devon AndersonDistrict Attorney of Harris County

             Melissa P. HerveyAssistant District Attorney on appeal

             John Jordan; Sarah Seely; Melissa P. Hervey—Assistant District
             Attorneys at trial

             Harris County District Attorney’s Office
             1201 Franklin Street, Suite 600
             Houston, Texas 77002

      Appellant or Criminal Defendant:

             Ana Trujillo a.k.a Ana Fox




                                           i
        Counsel for Appellant:

                 Douglas M. Durham—Defense Counsel on appeal

                 2800 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 4100
                 Houston, Texas 77056

                 John “Jack” Carroll—Defense Counsel at trial

                 1419 Franklin Street
                 Houston, Texas 77002

                 Tim Donahue—Defense Counsel at trial

                 5555 West Loop South, Suite 395
                 Houston, Texas 77401

        Trial Judge:

                 Honorable Brock Thomas—Presiding Judge of the 338th Criminal
                 District Court


                                     TABLE OF CONTENTS

STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT ................................................i

IDENTIFICATION OF THE PARTIES ....................................................................i

TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................... ii

INDEX OF AUTHORITIES.....................................................................................iv

STATEMENT OF THE CASE .................................................................................. 1

STATEMENT OF FACTS ........................................................................................ 1

SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT ........................................................................ 6

                                                      ii
REPLY TO APPELLANT’S FIRST POINT OF ERROR ........................................ 7

         I.     STANDARD OF REVIEW AND APPLICABLE LAW REGARDING A
                DEFENDANT’S SIXTH AMENDMENT RIGHT TO COUNSEL DURING THE
                TIMEFRAME FOR PREPARING, FILING, AND PRESENTING A MOTION
                FOR NEW TRIAL ........................................................................................ 7

         II. APPELLANT HAS FAILED TO REBUT THE PRESUMPTION THAT SHE
             WAS ADEQUATELY REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL DURING THE
             TIMEFRAME FOR PREPARING, FILING, AND PRESENTING A MOTION
             FOR NEW TRIAL ...................................................................................... 10

REPLY TO APPELLANT’S SECOND POINT OF ERROR ................................. 12

         I.     STANDARD OF REVIEW REGARDING THE DENIAL OF A DEFENDANT’S
                MOTION FOR MISTRIAL .......................................................................... 12

         II. THE TRIAL COURT DID NOT ERR BY DENYING APPELLANT’S MOTION
             FOR MISTRIAL......................................................................................... 14

REPLY TO APPELLANT’S THIRD POINT OF ERROR .................................... 18

         I.     STANDARD OF REVIEW AND APPLICABLE LAW REGARDING
                INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL ................................................ 19

         II. APPELLANT FAILED TO PROVE THAT HER TRIAL COUNSEL WAS
             DEFICIENT UNDER THE FIRST PRONG OF STRICKLAND ........................ 22

         III. APPELLANT FAILED TO PROVE THAT HER TRIAL COUNSEL’S
              ALLEGEDLY-DEFICIENT PERFORMANCE PREJUDICED HER UNDER
              THE SECOND PRONG OF STRICKLAND ................................................... 26

CONCLUSION AND PRAYER ............................................................................. 30

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE ....................................................................... 32

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ................................................................................ 33

APPENDIX A .......................................................................................................... 34



                                                          iii
                                     INDEX OF AUTHORITIES

CASES

Anderson v. State,
  193 S.W.3d 34 (Tex. App.—
  Houston [1st Dist.] 2006, pet. ref’d) ....................................................................25
Andrews v. State,
  159 S.W.3d 98 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005) ...............................................................21
Archie v. State,
  340 S.W.3d 734 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011) .............................................................13
Benson v. State,
  224 S.W.3d 485 (Tex. App.—
  Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.) ........................................................................12
Bone v. State,
  77 S.W.3d 828 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) ...............................................................23
Campos v. State,
  Nos. 01-13-00415-CR, 01-13-00416-CR,
  01-13-00417-CR, 2015 WL 162123 (Tex. App.—
  Houston [1st Dist.] Jan. 13, 2015, pet. filed) .......................................................13
Cooks v. State,
  240 S.W.3d 906 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007) .................................................... 8, 9, 11
Cox v. State,
  389 S.W.3d 817 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012) .............................................................22
Crawford v. State,
  355 S.W.3d 193 (Tex. App.—
  Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, pet. ref’d) ............................................................. 13, 14
Frangias v. State,
  413 S.W.3d 212 (Tex. App.—
  Houston [14th Dist.] 2013, no pet.)......................................................................22
Garcia v. State,
 57 S.W.3d 436 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001) ...............................................................23
Garcia v. State,
 97 S.W.3d 343 (Tex. App.—
 Austin 2003, pet. ref’d) ......................................................................................8, 9


                                                        iv
Goodspeed v. State,
 187 S.W.3d 390 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005) .............................................................21
Green v. State,
  264 S.W.3d 63 (Tex. App.—
  Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, pet. ref’d) ......................................................................8
Hale v. State,
 140 S.W.3d 381 (Tex. App.—
 Fort Worth 2004, pet. ref’d) .................................................................................25
Harrison v. State,
 333 S.W.3d 810 (Tex. App.—
 Houston [1st Dist.] 2010, pet. ref’d) ....................................................................21
Hawkins v. State,
 135 S.W.3d 72 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004) ...............................................................13
Hernandez v. State,
 No. 01-13-00825-CR, 2014 WL 6783753 (Tex. App.—
 Houston [1st Dist.] Dec. 2, 2014, no pet.) ...........................................................16
Jackson v. State,
  877 S.W.2d 768 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994) .............................................................21
Lee v. State,
  779 S.W.2d 913 (Tex. App.—
  Houston [1st Dist.] 1989, pet. ref’d) ....................................................................18
Madden v. State,
 No. 02-08-007-CR, 2009 WL 2857269 (Tex. App.—
 Fort Worth Sept. 3, 2009, pet. ref’d) ....................................................................17
McMann v. Richarson,
 397 U.S. 759 (1970) .............................................................................................19
Mempa v. Rhay,
 389 U.S. 128 (1967) ...............................................................................................8
Nenno v. State,
  970 S.W.2d 549 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998) .............................................................17
Oldham v. State,
  977 S.W.2d 354 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998) .................................................... 8, 9, 11
Ovalle v. State,
 13 S.W.3d 774 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000) ...............................................................16



                                                         v
Perez v. State,
  310 S.W.3d 890 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010) .............................................................29
Robertson v. State,
  187 S.W.3d 475 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006) .............................................................20
Rylander v. State,
  101 S.W.3d 107 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003) .............................................................23
Salinas v. State,
  163 S.W.3d 734 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005) .............................................................20
Smith v. State,
  17 S.W.3d 660 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000) ...........................................................9, 11
Stokes v. State,
  298 S.W.3d 428 (Tex. App.—
  Houston [14th Dist.] 2009, pet. ref’d) ..................................................................30
Strickland v. Washington,
  466 U.S. 668 (1984) ................................................................................ 19, 20, 22
Thompson v. State,
  9 S.W.3d 808 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999) .................................................... 20, 21, 22
Thrift v. State,
  176 S.W.3d 221 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005) .............................................................17
Todd v. State,
  No. 05-95-00994-CR, 1998 WL 196187 (Tex. App.—
  Dallas 1998, pet. ref’d) .........................................................................................24
Vann v. State,
  853 S.W.2d 243 (Tex. App.—
  Corpus Christi 1993, pet. ref’d) ...........................................................................24
Ward v. State,
 740 S.W.2d 794 (Tex. Crim. App. 1987) ...............................................................9
Weaver v. State,
 265 S.W.3d 523 (Tex. App.—
 Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, pet. ref’d) ....................................................................21
Webb v. State,
 232 S.W.3d 109 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007) ...................................................... 13, 14




                                                         vi
STATUTES

TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 9.31 ................................................................................24
TEX. PENAL CODE ANN § 9.32 .................................................................................24
TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 19.02(a) ..........................................................................24
TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 19.02(b)(1) .......................................................................1
TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 19.02(b)(2) .......................................................................1
TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 19.02(d) ..........................................................................24


RULES

TEX. R. APP. P. 9.4(g) ................................................................................................. i
TEX. R. APP. P. 9.4(i)................................................................................................32
TEX. R. APP. P. 38.2(a)(1)(A) ..................................................................................... i
TEX. R. APP. P. 39.1.................................................................................................... i


CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS

U.S. CONST. amend. VI ........................................................................................7, 19




                                                           vii
TO THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS:

                            STATEMENT OF THE CASE

       The State charged appellant by indictment with murder. (CR – 9);1 see TEX.

PENAL CODE ANN. § 19.02(b)(1); TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 19.02(b)(2). The jury

found appellant guilty as charged in the indictment, and then assessed appellant’s

punishment at confinement in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice,

Correctional Institutions Division, for life. (CR – 739, 751, 754-55); (RR X –

128); (RR XIII – 54-57). On April 11, 2014, the trial court sentenced appellant in

accordance with the jury’s verdict. (CR – 754-55); (RR XIII – 57-58). The trial

court also entered an affirmative deadly weapon finding in the court’s written

judgment of conviction and sentence. (CR – 754-55). Appellant timely filed

written notice of appeal on May 9, 2014. (CR – 758).

                          

                               STATEMENT OF FACTS

       Appellant and Stefan Andersson began dating late in the summer of 2012.

(RR V – 54, 72-73).         Their relationship was tumultuous, however, and they

separated and reconciled several times. (RR XI – 205). In January or February

1
  The Clerk’s Record consists of one volume, hereinafter referenced as (CR – [page number]).
The Court Reporter’s Record consists of nineteen volumes, which will be referenced as (RR [I-
XIX] – [page number]). Exhibits offered and/or admitted at trial are contained within Volumes
XIV-XIX of the Reporter’s Record. State’s Exhibits admitted at trial will be referenced as (RR
[volume number] – SX [exhibit number]). Defendant’s Exhibits admitted at trial will be
referenced as (RR [volume number] – DX [exhibit number]).
2013, appellant was living on and off with James Wells and Wells’ roommate,

Chanda Ellison, in Wells’ and Ellison’s home, but also frequently stayed with

Andersson in Andersson’s condo unit at the Parklane, a high-rise condominium

building. (RR X – 10-12). On May 27, 2013, Wells and Ellison kicked appellant

out of their home after appellant bit Wells on the head and then got into a physical

altercation with Ellison. (RR X – 12-20, 39-45, 48). Appellant returned to staying

with Andersson, exclusively, but planned to soon move back to Waco, where

appellant’s parents still resided. (RR X – 20).

      On June 8, 2013, appellant and Andersson began their day at the Hermann

Park Golf Course clubhouse near the Parklane, where they ate and drank together

into the afternoon. (RR V – 93-94, 101, 111); (RR VIII – 139, 143). Andersson

and appellant then returned to the Parklane and, for several hours, Andersson

helped appellant move boxes and suitcases filled with appellant’s belongings—

which appellant had retrieved from Wells’ and Ellison’s residence—into

Andersson’s storage unit and condo. (RR V – 228-29); see (RR XVI – SX 27-32).

Later that evening, appellant and Andersson went to a bar called “Bar 5015[.]”

(RR VII – 127); see (RR XVII – SX 223). Appellant and Andersson drank and

socialized at Bar 5015 until around 1:30 AM, June 9, 2013, when Andersson called

a taxicab to transport himself and appellant back to Andersson’s condo. (RR V –

120-21); (RR VII – 125, 129).

                                          2
      On the cab ride home, appellant was intoxicated, “yelling, being loud, being

demanding” about the route the driver was taking to the Parklane, and was angrily

cursing at both Andersson and the driver. (RR V – 131-33, 162-64). Appellant

continued her tirade when the cab arrived at the Parklane, belligerently yelling and

cursing at the cab driver to the point that the driver wanted to call the police. (RR

V – 137-39, 164). Andersson tried to mollify the cab driver while appellant

stormed into the Parklane and, after shouting at Andersson to come inside, too,

headed upstairs to Andersson’s condo. (RR V – 137-38, 245-49); see (RR XVI –

33-34).    Andersson—embarrassed, apologetic, and conciliatory—deliberately

overpaid the cab driver to atone for the commotion that appellant had caused and

then, at approximately 2:00 AM, dejectedly followed appellant to his unit. (RR V

– 150, 165-66, 186, 250); see (RR XVI – SX 35-36).

      Soon upon their return to Andersson’s condo, appellant and Andersson got

into a physical altercation in the living room. (RR VI – 107); see (RR VI – 16-24)

(showing that Andersson’s next-door neighbor overheard yelling and other sounds

from the altercation beginning at 2:13 AM).        During their struggle, appellant

ripped large clumps of hair from Andersson’s head and struck him, causing him to

begin to bleed. (RR VI – 106-07, 112-15); see (RR XVII – SX 79-81, 83, 112-14).

Andersson then moved towards the hallway leading to his bedroom as appellant

grabbed one of her shoes—a blue, platform pump with a five-and-one-half-inch-

                                         3
long heel—off of the floor. (RR VI – 125); see (RR XVII – SX 115-16, 119, 126-

31). Appellant began battering Andersson in the head and face with her shoe as he

backed towards the wall, and continued to strike him with the implement even as

he lost his balance and fell to the hallway floor. See (RR VI – 118, 122-24); (RR

XVII – SX 116-18). Appellant then climbed on top of Andersson and repeatedly

pounded his head and face with the high-heeled shoe, spattering Andersson’s blood

all over the nearby walls and carpet, and onto herself. (RR VI – 127-28, 139-57);

see (RR XVI – SX 44-45); (RR XVII – SX 117-18, 122, 125, 136-38, 143, 145-

46). In all, appellant struck Andersson’s head and face with her shoe a minimum

of twenty-five times, dealing most of the hits while Andersson was already down

on the floor. (RR VI – 134, 149); (RR VII – 25-26); (RR VIII – 24, 76-84); see,

e.g., (RR XVII – SX 134, 169-75, 178). In addition to those facial and cranial

blows, appellant also struck Andersson with her shoe numerous times on his arms

and hands as he attempted to defend himself from appellant’s vicious onslaught.

See (RR VI – 129, 157-58); (RR VIII – 24, 84-98, 105, 110-11, 119); see (RR

XVII – SX 139-42, 192-99). Unable to defend himself, though, Andersson died

from his severe head and facial trauma and significant blood loss as he lay on his

hallway floor. (RR VIII – 110-12); see (RR XVII – SX 117-18, 125).

      Appellant called 911 at approximately 3:41 AM to report that she had been

“assaulted” and to request assistance from the police. (RR VI – 31); (RR VII –

                                        4
21). Officer Ashton Bowie with the Houston Police Department was dispatched to

Andersson’s residence to respond to the “assault-in-progress” call. (RR VI – 29,

43-44). Bowie rang the doorbell to Andersson’s unit and appellant opened the

door, at which point Bowie immediately observed that she was “covered in blood.”

(RR VI – 31, 64); see (RR XVI – SX 44-48). Bowie asked appellant, “What’s

going on?” and appellant replied, “He was holding me and wouldn’t let me go.”

(RR VI – 31, 51).      Appellant invited Bowie into the condo, where Bowie

“immediately noticed [Andersson] lying on the floor” in the hallway of the unit.

(RR VI – 32-33). Bowie observed that Andersson’s “face was covered in blood[,]”

had a “lot of impact wounds[,]” and “looked swollen,” and that “there was a large

pool of blood” around his head—to the degree that Bowie initially believed that

Andersson had been shot in the head. (RR VI – 32-33, 50, 54). Bowie noted that

Andersson appeared like he “had probably been deceased for a while[,]” but Bowie

radioed for emergency medical services (EMS) units to come to the condo anyway.

(RR VI – 35, 51-52, 58-59).

      EMS units soon arrived at Andersson’s residence and pronounced

Andersson dead on the scene, having found that Andersson was pale, cold to the

touch, and had likely been dead for thirty minutes or longer. (RR VII – 18, 31, 34-

36, 40). Appellant did not report any injuries to Bowie or any other police officer,

or to the EMS technicians, and she did not receive treatment from EMS for any

                                         5
injuries. (RR VI – 39, 59, 67-68); (RR VII – 16-17, 19, 32-33). Around 4:01 AM,

a police officer took appellant into custody, escorted her downstairs and out of the

Parklane, and detained her in a patrol car. (RR VI – 64-65); see (RR XVI – SX 37-

38). The police later transported appellant to the police station, where she gave

homicide investigators a lengthy statement about her relationship with Andersson

and the events of the crime. (RR VIII – 57); see (RR XVII – SX 204-05). After

appellant’s statement concluded, the police arrested appellant and charged her with

Andersson’s murder. (RR VII – 120).

                          

                         SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT

         Appellant failed to overcome the presumption that she was adequately

represented by counsel during the timeframe for preparing, filing, and presenting a

motion for new trial because the record demonstrates that appellant was

represented by retained and then appointed counsel during that time, and there is

nothing to suggest that both of these attorneys failed to advise appellant regarding

the postconviction process, including appellant’s option to file a motion for new

trial.

         The trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying appellant’s motion for

mistrial following an allegedly-improper question by the prosecutor because the

trial court’s curative measures were sufficient to remedy any prejudice caused by

                                            6
the question, and because the same subject was discussed elsewhere in the trial

without objection.

      Appellant failed to establish both prongs of the Strickland test for ineffective

assistance of counsel because appellant did not demonstrate that her trial counsel’s

decision to call Julia Babcock to testify only in the punishment phase of trial was

deficient, and that there is a reasonable probability that the outcome of appellant’s

trial would have been different but for that decision.

                        

            REPLY TO APPELLANT’S FIRST POINT OF ERROR

      Appellant contends in her first point of error that her appeal should be abated

and her case remanded to the trial court because appellant was deprived of

appellate counsel during the timeframe for preparing, filing, and presenting a

motion for new trial, given the timing of when appellant’s trial counsel withdrew

from appellant’s case and when the trial court appointed appellant’s present

appellate counsel to represent appellant.

   I. Standard of Review and Applicable Law Regarding a Defendant’s Sixth
      Amendment Right to Counsel During the Timeframe for Preparing,
      Filing, and Presenting a Motion for New Trial

      The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees a

criminal defendant the right to the effective assistance of counsel during all critical

stages of her case. U.S. CONST. amend. VI; see Mempa v. Rhay, 389 U.S. 128, 134

                                            7
(1967) (explaining that the Sixth Amendment right to counsel exists “at every

stage of a criminal proceeding where the substantial rights of a criminal accused

may be affected.”). The time for preparing, filing, and presenting a motion for new

trial is one such critical stage, given that a motion for new trial provides the

defendant an opportunity to present to the trial court certain matters which could

warrant a new trial, and may sometimes be necessary for the defendant to adduce

facts which are not apparent in the record in order to preserve such issues for

appellate review. See Cooks v. State, 240 S.W.3d 906, 910-11 (Tex. Crim. App.

2007).

      In order to prevail on a claim of deprivation of counsel during the timeframe

for preparing, filing, and presenting a motion for new trial, the defendant must

affirmatively prove that she was not represented by counsel during that critical

stage of the proceedings. See Oldham v. State, 977 S.W.2d 354, 362-63 (Tex.

Crim. App. 1998); Garcia v. State, 97 S.W.3d 343, 347 (Tex. App.—Austin 2003,

pet. ref’d). When the defendant was represented by counsel during trial, there is a

rebuttable presumption that that attorney continued to adequately represent the

defendant during the pertinent timeframe. Cooks, 240 S.W.3d at 911; Oldham, 977

S.W.2d at 363; see Green v. State, 264 S.W.3d 63, 69 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st

Dist.] 2007, pet. ref’d) (“Our appellate review of this issue beings with the

presumption that trial counsel continued to effectively represent the [defendant]

                                        8
during the 30-day window for filing a motion for new trial.”). This presumption

arises partly because a defendant’s attorney remains the attorney of record on the

defendant’s case for all purposes until the trial court expressly permits him to

withdraw, even if the attorney was originally retained or appointed for trial only.

See Ward v. State, 740 S.W.2d 794, 796 (Tex. Crim. App. 1987) (explaining that a

trial attorney’s “legal responsibilities do not magically and automatically terminate

at the conclusion of the trial”; rather, trial counsel continues to represent the

defendant after trial until the trial court gives the attorney express permission to

withdraw from the case); Garcia, 97 S.W.3d at 347.

      Included within the rebuttable presumption of continued, effective

representation is the notion that when a motion for new trial was not filed in a case,

it was because the defendant, with the benefit of her counsel’s representation,

considered and rejected that option. Cooks, 240 S.W.3d at 911, n.6; Oldham, 977

S.W.2d at 363. This presumption is not rebutted when there is nothing in the

record to suggest that the defendant was not actually represented during the time in

question.   See Smith v. State, 17 S.W.3d 660, 663 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000);

Oldham, 977 S.W.2d at 362-63.




                                          9
    II. Appellant has Failed to Rebut the Presumption that She was Adequately
        Represented by Counsel during the Timeframe for Preparing, Filing, and
        Presenting a Motion for New Trial

       The record in this case demonstrates that on June 27, 2013, appellant

retained defense attorney Jack Carroll to represent her and that, on July 10, 2013,

Carroll filed a Motion to Substitute Counsel to replace Juan Angel Guerra as

appellant’s trial counsel. (CR – 39). On May 7, 2014, appellant filed a Pauper’s

Oath on Appeal, asserting that she was without funds, property, or income to retain

appellate counsel and petitioning the trial court to appoint appellate counsel to

represent her. (CR – 765). The same day, May 7, 2014, in the Order section of

appellant’s Pauper’s Oath on Appeal,2 the trial court determined that appellant is

indigent and appointed appellant’s present appellate counsel to represent her. (CR

– 765); see Appendix A. Two days later, on May 9, 2014, Carroll filed a written

Notice of Appeal on appellant’s behalf, and also filed a Motion to Withdraw as

Attorney of Record, citing as his reason for withdrawal that appellant “does not

presently have the financial resources to comply with all the terms of her

agreement” with Carroll. (CR – 758-60). The trial court signed a written order

granting Carroll’s Motion to Withdraw on May 9, 2014. (CR – 763).




2
  Appellant’s Pauper’s Oath on Appeal, which also contains the trial court’s order, is attached to
this brief as Appendix A for this Court’s convenience.
                                               10
      These dates signify that Carroll represented appellant from June 27, 2013, to

May 9, 2014, when the trial court gave Carroll express permission to withdraw

from appellant’s case, and that appellant’s present appellate counsel has

represented appellant since the date of his appointment to appellant’s case on May

7, 2014—overlapping with Carroll for two days. See (CR – 39, 758-60, 763, 765).

Thus, given that Carroll did not withdraw from appellant’s case until two days

after appellant’s present appellate counsel was appointed, there is a rebuttable

presumption that appellant was adequately represented by counsel during the entire

timeframe for preparing, filing, and presenting a motion for new trial. See Cooks,

240 S.W.3d at 911; Oldham, 977 S.W.2d at 363. Further, given that neither

Carroll nor present appellate counsel filed a motion for new trial in appellant’s

case, it should also be presumed that either or both of those attorneys presented

that option to appellant and that she rejected it. Cooks, 240 S.W.3d at 911, n.6;

Oldham, 977 S.W.2d at 363.

      Nothing in the record rebuts the presumption that appellant was effectively

represented by both of her attorneys during the timeframe for preparing, filing, and

presenting a motion for new trial. Accordingly, appellant has failed to demonstrate

that she was unconstitutionally deprived of counsel during that critical stage of her

case, in violation of the Sixth Amendment. See Smith, 17 S.W.3d at 663 (holding

that the defendant failed to overcome the presumption that he was adequately

                                         11
represented by counsel during the time for filing a motion for new trial when there

was nothing in the record to suggest that the defendant was not counseled by his

trial attorney regarding such a motion during that timeframe); Benson v. State, 224

S.W.3d 485, 497-98 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.) (holding that

the defendant failed to overcome the presumption that he was adequately

represented by counsel during the timeframe for filing a motion for new trial when

the record showed that “[the defendant] was officially represented by counsel at all

times in the litigation” and there was nothing in the record to suggest that said

counsel deficiently advised the defendant regarding the postconviction rules and

process).

      Appellant’s first point of error should be overruled.


            REPLY TO APPELLANT’S SECOND POINT OF ERROR

      Appellant contends in her second point of error that the trial court erred by

failing to grant her motion for mistrial based on the prosecutor’s allegedly-

improper and prejudicial reference to an extraneous offense while appellant was

testifying in the punishment phase of trial.

   I. Standard of Review Regarding the Denial of a Defendant’s Motion for
      Mistrial

      A trial court’s decision to deny a defendant’s motion for mistrial is

examined on appeal for abuse of discretion. Webb v. State, 232 S.W.3d 109, 112


                                          12
(Tex. Crim. App. 2007). A trial court abuses its discretion by denying a motion for

mistrial only when that decision was arbitrary or unreasonable, or when no

reasonable view of the record supports the trial court’s ruling. Webb, 232 S.W.3d

at 112; Crawford v. State, 355 S.W.3d 193, 198 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]

2011, pet. ref’d). A mistrial is a drastic remedy and, thus, is only appropriate in

extreme circumstances where the objectionable event is “so emotionally

inflammatory that curative instructions are not likely to prevent the jury from being

unfairly prejudiced against the defendant.” Archie v. State, 340 S.W.3d 734, 739

(Tex. Crim. App. 2011); Campos v. State, Nos. 01-13-00415-CR, 01-13-00416-

CR, 01-13-00417-CR, 2015 WL 162123, at *8 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]

Jan. 13, 2015, pet. filed).

      An appellate court evaluating whether a mistrial should have been granted

must balance three factors:     (1) the severity of the misconduct and its likely

prejudicial effect; (2) the curative measures employed by the trial court to remedy

the prejudice; and (3) the likelihood that the jury would have assessed the same

punishment absent the misconduct. Hawkins v. State, 135 S.W.3d 72, 77 (Tex.

Crim. App. 2004). But in conducting this analysis, the reviewing court may not

substitute its own judgment regarding whether a mistrial was warranted for that of

the trial court; rather, the reviewing court must view the evidence in the light most

favorable to the trial court’s ruling and uphold the ruling if it is within the zone of

                                          13
reasonable disagreement. Webb, 232 S.W.3d at 112; Crawford, 355 S.W.3d at

198.

   II. The Trial Court Did Not Err by Denying Appellant’s Motion for Mistrial

       In the punishment phase of trial, the prosecutor had the following exchange

with Julia Babcock, appellant’s sudden passion expert witness:

       [Prosecutor:] Dr. Babcock, would it have changed your opinion had
       you learned that Ana Trujillo walked into Bodega’s and bit Stefan
       Andersson on the face?

       [Babcock:] Hypothetically?

       [Prosecutor:] Yes. Let’s say you learned that fact. Would that have
       changed your opinion in this case?

       [Babcock:] It depends on when --

       [Prosecutor:] Like in the middle of the day at lunchtime. He’s eating
       tacos with his friends and Ms. Andersson [sic] walks in and bites him
       on the face. Would that change your opinion?

       [Babcock:] I guess that’s a strange hypothetical.

       [Prosecutor:] It’s strange behavior, truly; but I’m asking if you had
       learned that, would that have changed your opinion in this case?

       [Babcock:] No, because my opinion is based on her past history of
       having been abused and her - - the psychological symptoms she’s
       manifested. (RR XI – 285-86).

Appellant did not object to this questioning by the State. (RR XI – 285-86).

       Later in the punishment phase, during appellant’s direct testimony,

appellant’s trial counsel asked her:



                                          14
      [Defense Counsel:] The prosecutor said yesterday, hypothetically,
      that you bit someone at Bodega’s. Do you know what she’s talking
      about?

      [Appellant:] No. (RR XII – 144).

Then, while the State was cross-examining appellant, the prosecutor attempted to

follow-up on appellant’s claim that she was not aware of that particular biting

incident:

      [Prosecutor:] Now, I want to talk about Bodega’s. You said you’re
      not aware of that incident.

      Isn’t it true that there was a time when Stefan - - and you mention
      Anders Berkenstein, Stefan’s really good friend?

      [Appellant:] Yes.

      [Prosecutor:] Wasn’t there a time when Anders Berkenstein and
      Stefan were sitting in Bodega’s having a beer and tacos and you come
      in - -

      [Defense Counsel:] I’m going to object to this question, Your Honor.

      [Trial Court:] Overruled.

      [Prosecutor:] - - unprovoked and bite him on the cheek? He doesn’t
      hit you. He doesn’t push you off. He then does this and you walk out
      and they come and tend to him. Isn’t that true?

      [Appellant:] No.

      [Prosecutor:] Certainly not the first time you’re hearing it, right? I’m
      sure in preparation for trial, you’re aware that Anders Berkenstein
      gave a formal statement to the homicide detectives, correct?

      [Defense Counsel:] Your Honor, I object to relevance. I’m also
      going to object to the Prosecutor testifying.


                                        15
      [Trial Court:] That will be sustained. Move along.

      [Defense Counsel:] Will you ask the jury to disregard?

      [Trial Court:] There was no response. Jury is instructed to disregard
      it. Move along. I sustained it. Move along.

      [Defense Counsel:] We ask the jury to disregard it.

      [Trial Court:] Jury will disregard it. Move along.

      [Defense Counsel:] Move for a mistrial.

      [Trial Court:] Denied. (RR XII – 264-66).

      As this exchange shows, the trial court sustained appellant’s objection to the

prosecutor’s last question to appellant regarding the biting incident at Bodega’s,

and twice instructed the jury to disregard the question. (RR XII – 265-66). It is

well established such prompt instructions to disregard usually suffice to cure any

error associated with an improper question, even when the question pertains to an

extraneous offense. See Ovalle v. State, 13 S.W.3d 774, 783 (Tex. Crim. App.

2000) (“Ordinarily, a prompt instruction to disregard will cure error associated

with an improper question and answer, even one regarding extraneous offenses.”);

Hernandez v. State, No. 01-13-00825-CR, 2014 WL 6783753, at *5 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] Dec. 2, 2014, no pet.). Further, adding to the curative effect of

the trial court’s oral instructions to disregard, the court also instructed the jurors in

the court’s written punishment charge that they could consider evidence of an

extraneous crime or bad act attributed to appellant only if the State proved beyond

                                           16
a reasonable doubt that appellant committed that act. (CR – 745). There is no

indication in the record that any of these instructions were ineffective or that the

jury failed to heed them; rather, it is presumed that the jury understood and

followed the instructions absent affirmative evidence to the contrary. See Thrift v.

State, 176 S.W.3d 221, 224 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005) (explaining that appellate

courts presume that the jury followed the trial court’s instructions in the manner

presented and that, to rebut that presumption, the appellant must point to evidence

showing that the jury failed to follow the trial court’s instructions).

      Additionally, the fact that testimony related to the biting event at Bodega’s

came in elsewhere during appellant’s trial without objection, and was even

prompted by the defense during appellant’s direct testimony, amerliorated the error

and demonstrates to a high degree of certainty that the jury would still have given

appellant a life sentence even without the prosecutor’s complained-of question. See

Nenno v. State, 970 S.W.2d 549, 563 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998) (rejecting the

defendant’s claim that the prosecutor’s questions were improper and so prejudicial

as to require a mistrial and stating that “[e]rror is defaulted when the same

evidence is presented elsewhere without objection.”), overruled on other grounds

by State v. Terrazas, 4 S.W.3d 720 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999); Madden v. State, No.

02-08-007-CR, 2009 WL 2857269, at *4 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Sept. 3, 2009,

pet. ref’d) (not designated for publication) (holding that the trial court did not err in

                                           17
denying the defendant’s motion for mistrial following an improper question by the

State when, among other considerations, “similar evidence was admitted elsewhere

without objection.”); Lee v. State, 779 S.W.2d 913, 916 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st

Dist.] 1989, pet. ref’d) (overruling the defendant’s mistrial point of error when the

trial court instructed the jury to disregard the prosecutor’s statement, which was

sufficient to cure any harm, and stating that, “[i]n any case, the later admission of

the same objection cured any error in admission of the first statement.”).

Accordingly, the prosecutor’s question was not so prejudicial and inflammatory

that the trial court’s remedial measures could not cure any harm that resulted from

it and, thus, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying appellant’s

motion for mistrial on that basis.

      Appellant’s second point of error should be overruled.


           REPLY TO APPELLANT’S THIRD POINT OF ERROR

      Carroll, appellant’s trial counsel, called Babcock, a professor and licensed

psychologist, as an expert witness to testify in the punishment phase of appellant’s

trial regarding domestic violence in general; domestic violence in appellant’s

previous relationships and, supposedly, in her relationship with Andersson; and

whether appellant’s “explosive” actions in murdering Andersson could have been

the result of appellant’s “history of abuse[,]” which “built up over time” until it

culminated in a violent outburst of sudden passion. See generally (RR XI – 224-
                                         18
50, 279-80) (“But I do want to talk about the history of abuse and what led up to

that explosive tragic night....To understand it in context, that it didn’t come out of

the blue but guilt up over time....”). Appellant argues in her third point of error,

however, that Carroll was ineffective for failing to call Babcock to testify about

those topics in the guilt stage of the trial because “[t]he testimony of Ms. Babcock

would have given context for [a]ppellant’s subjective view (based on her history of

sexual abuse and post traumatic stress syndrom [sic]) to the term ‘reasonable

apprehension’ of danger” in the self-defense instructions of the guilt-phase jury

charge. (Appellant’s Brief – 21-22) (parenthetical in original).

   I. Standard of Review and Applicable Law Regarding Ineffective Assistance
      of Counsel

      The Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution guarantees a

criminal defendant the right to have the effective assistance of counsel in her

defense. U.S. CONST. amend. VI; see Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687

(1984); McMann v. Richardson, 397 U.S. 759, 771 (1970) (“[T]he right to counsel

is the right to effective assistance of counsel.”) (emphasis added). In Strickland,

the United States Supreme Court declared that “[t]he benchmark for judging any

claim of ineffectiveness must be whether counsel’s conduct so undermined the

proper functioning of the adversarial process that the trial cannot be relied on as

having produced a just result.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 686. The Court announced

a two-part test to gauge the effectiveness of defense counsel:           (1) whether
                                         19
counsel’s representation falls “below an objective standard of reasonableness,” and

(2) whether there is “a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional

errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.” Strickland, 466

U.S. at 688, 694.     A defendant must prove both elements of this test by a

preponderance of the evidence. Thompson v. State, 9 S.W.3d 808, 813 (Tex. Crim.

App. 1999).

      To prove that counsel was ineffective under the first prong of Strickland, a

defendant must first show that counsel’s performance was objectively

unreasonable under the prevailing professional norms. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688.

To determine whether the defendant has established this, a reviewing court must

examine the totality of counsel’s conduct at the time of the representation, and

must evaluate the reasonableness of counsel’s actions from counsel’s perspective

at the time of that representation, without focusing on isolated acts or omissions.

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689; Robertson v. State, 187 S.W.3d 475, 482 (Tex. Crim.

App. 2006); Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 813. An appellate court must afford great

deference to trial counsel, and should avoid the “distorting effects of hindsight” by

strongly presuming that counsel’s conduct was competent, reasonable, and within a

wide range of acceptable representation and trial strategy. Strickland, 466 U.S. at

689; Salinas v. State, 163 S.W.3d 734, 740 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005). A defendant

bears the burden to rebut this presumption of effective assistance, and can only do

                                         20
so with allegations that are firmly rooted in the record. Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at

814.

       A reviewing court must avoid speculating as to trial counsel’s strategies and

motivation in the face of a silent record. Jackson v. State, 877 S.W.2d 768, 771

(Tex. Crim. App. 1994); Weaver v. State, 265 S.W.3d 523, 538 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, pet. ref’d). If the record does not contain direct evidence

of trial counsel’s reasons for the complained-of act or omission, an appellate court

will assume that counsel’s actions were soundly calculated if any reasonably

strategic motivation can be imagined. Garcia v. State, 57 S.W.3d 436, 440 (Tex.

Crim. App. 2001); Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 814.            Further, in the absence of

evidence establishing the motives behind counsel’s performance, a reviewing court

will find counsel’s representation deficient “only if the conduct was so outrageous

that no competent attorney would have engaged in it.” Goodspeed v. State, 187

S.W.3d 390, 392 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005); Harrison v. State, 333 S.W.3d 810, 814

(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2010, pet. ref’d). However, “when no reasonable

trial strategy could justify the trial counsel’s conduct, counsel’s performance falls

below an objective standard of reasonableness as a matter of law,” regardless of

whether the record exhibits the attorney’s subjective reasoning for his

representation. Andrews v. State, 159 S.W.3d 98, 102 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005).




                                         21
      If the defendant successfully shows that her counsel’s performance was

deficient, she must then affirmatively demonstrate that her attorney’s actions

prejudiced her to be afforded relief. Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 812. A defendant

establishes prejudice when she proves that there is a reasonable probability that the

result of the proceeding would have been different had counsel’s performance been

proficient and, thus, the defendant was deprived of a fair trial. Strickland, 466 U.S.

at 694; Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 812. A “reasonable probability” is a probability

which is sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome of the proceeding.

Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694; Cox v. State, 389 S.W.3d 817, 819 (Tex. Crim. App.

2012). A reviewing court must consider the totality of the evidence admitted in the

case when evaluating whether the defendant was prejudiced by her counsel’s

deficient performance, given that “a verdict or conclusion only weakly supported

by the record is more likely to have been affected by errors than one with

overwhelming record support.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 695; Frangias v. State, 413

S.W.3d 212, 218 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2013, no pet.).

   II. Appellant Failed to Prove that her Trial Counsel was Deficient under the
       First Prong of Strickland

      Appellant has failed to meet her burden to prove that Carroll was deficient

under the first prong of Strickland because the record is wholly undeveloped

regarding Carroll’s subjective, strategic motivations for calling Babcock to testify

only in the punishment phase.        The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals has
                                         22
consistently explained that “trial counsel should ordinarily be afforded an

opportunity to explain his actions before being denounced as ineffective.”

Rylander v. State, 101 S.W.3d 107, 111 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003); Bone v. State, 77

S.W.3d 828, 836 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002). Thus, absent evidence of Carroll’s

strategic reasons for calling Babcock in the punishment phase to support of

appellant’s claim of sudden passion instead of in the guilt phase to support of

appellant’s claim of self-defense, this Court should presume that Carroll’s conduct

was motivated by reasonably sound trial strategy because at least one may be

imagined. Garcia, 57 S.W.3d at 440; Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 814.

      For example, given that Babcock’s assessment was that appellant had

gradually developed an overly-aggressive “stance” towards people as a result of

“repeatedly being victimized and traumatized and sexually abused and controlled

by men[,]” which was exacerbated by appellant’s “self-medication” with alcohol,

and that that compounded abuse resulted in appellant’s “explosive[,]” violent, and

“excessive” “overreact[ion]” to Andersson when he allegedly belittled appellant

and “attempt[ed] to stop [appellant] from leaving[,]” Carroll may have reasonably

determined that Babcock’s testimony would have benefited appellant more

regarding the punishment issue of sudden passion than it would have for the guilt-

phase issue of self-defense—which would have required the jury to believe that

Andersson’s actions immediately preceding his murder constituted a use or

                                        23
attempted use of deadly force against appellant.     (RR XI – 246-50, 279-80);

compare TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 19.02(a) and TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §

19.02(d) (explaining that the defendant may lessen murder to a second-degree

felony offense if she establishes by a preponderance of the evidence in the

punishment phase that she caused the death under the immediate influence of

sudden passion arising from an adequate cause) with TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §

9.31 and TEX. PENAL CODE ANN § 9.32 (explaining that a person is justified to use

deadly force in self-defense when and to the degree the actor reasonably believed

the deadly force was immediately necessary to protect herself from another

person’s use or attempted use of unlawful deadly force against her); see Vann v.

State, 853 S.W.2d 243, 248 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1993, pet. ref’d)

(recognizing that a rational jury could conclude that a murder defendant acted

while under the influence of sudden passion, and that “the victim provoked [the

defendant] physically and emotionally and that the combination of the victim’s

affairs, verbal, abuse, and physical provocation rendered [the defendant] incapable

of cool reflection at the moment she killed the victim, when the record contained

expert testimony that the defendant “suffered from battered wife’s syndrome and

post traumatic stress disorder.”); see also Todd v. State, No. 05-95-00994-CR,

1998 WL 196187, *5 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1998, pet. ref’d) (not designated for

publication) (acknowledging that evidence that “the defendant had suffered verbal,

                                        24
physical, emotional, and sexual abuse from [the victim] for three years” and that

“[the victim] intended to further sexually abuse [the defendant] the night of the

shooting” and “intended to take [the victim’s and the defendant’s] infant son...with

[the victim] on a burglary the following morning” were sufficient for a rational

factfinder to conclude that the defendant acted under the immediate influence of

sudden passion arising from adequate cause).

      In light of this reasonable explanation for why Carroll proffered Babcock’s

testimony in the punishment phase instead of in the guilt phase, Carroll’s actions in

doing so were supported by sound tactics and were not so outrageous that no

competent attorney would have engaged in them. See Hale v. State, 140 S.W.3d

381, 393-94 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2004, pet. ref’d) (rejecting the defendant’s

claim that his trial counsel was deficient for failing to call the defendant’s

suggested witnesses in the guilt phase of trial when a reasonable trial strategy

supported the attorney’s decision to decline to do so). Further, because the record

is devoid of affirmative evidence demonstrating that Carroll’s subjective

motivations were actually deficient, this Court should presume that Carroll’s

actions were reasonable and within the wide range of acceptable representation.

See Anderson v. State, 193 S.W.3d 34, 39 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006,

pet. ref’d) (holding that the defendant failed to prove ineffective assistance of

counsel when the record was silent as to whether the defense attorney acted in a

                                         25
reasonably professional manner in not calling witnesses). Accordingly, appellant

failed to satisfy the first prong of Strickland, and her third point of error should be

overruled at this juncture.

   III.   Appellant Failed to Prove that her Trial Counsel’s Allegedly-Deficient
          Performance Prejudiced her under the Second Prong of Strickland

      Aside from the fact that the silent record in this case does not support

appellant’s claim that Carroll was deficient for failing to call Babcock in the guilt

phase, appellant has failed to demonstrate that she was prejudiced by Babcock’s

absence in that portion of the trial because the record demonstrates that there is no

reasonable probability that the outcome of appellant’s trial would have been

different had Babcock testified then.

      First, the State’s evidence that appellant was guilty of murder and that she

did not act in self-defense was overwhelming. Such evidence included testimony

that appellant was intoxicated, belligerent, and verbally abusive towards Andersson

and others immediately before the murder; numerous photographs of Andersson’s

horrific injuries and extensive defensive wounds; photographs of appellant’s clear

lack of injuries or defensive wounds; photographs of the crime scene and attendant

expert testimony that explained that appellant dealt Andersson most of the fatal

blows to his head and face while Andersson was already lying on the floor;

appellant’s statement to homicide investigators wherein she admitted that she was

on top of Andersson while she beat him with her heel, and that Andersson’s
                                          26
supposed conduct which provoked appellant’s attack was only that he belittled her

and “bear hug[ged]” her to prevent her from leaving Andersson’s home. See, e.g.,

(RR V – 128-39, 160-64); (RR VI – 118-29, 139-58); (RR VII – 25-26); (RR VIII

– 24, 76-98, 105-19); see (RR XVII – SX 44-45, 115-19, 122, 125-46, 169-75,

178, 192-99, 204-05). There is no reasonable probability that the strength of this

evidence would have been diminished by Babcock’s testimony—which conceded

that appellant’s actions were excessive and an overreaction to Andersson’s alleged

provocation—had Babcock testified in the guilt phase. See (RR XI – 246-50, 279-

80).

       Second, there is no reasonable probability that Babcock’s testimony would

have affected the outcome of the guilt phase given that Carroll had already

undertaken extensive, myriad, and persistent efforts to prove and emphasize

appellant’s self-defense claim throughout that portion of the trial. For example,

Carroll cross-examined many of State’s witness about such topics as: whether

Andersson became or could have become angry or aggressive when he drank; the

fact that Andersson was legally intoxicated at the time of his death; whether

Andersson could have been in an aggressive or agitated state because of his

prescription medication, or the lack thereof; whether appellant’s demeanor after the

murder was consistent with her claims that Andersson had assaulted her and that

she had been in fear for her life; whether appellant had defensive bruises or

                                        27
wounds on her hands, forearms, face, legs, and torso as a result of an assault by

Andersson; whether the homicide investigators had attempted to investigate and

corroborate appellant’s defensive claim that “[Andersson] grabbed her in a bear

hug and she defended herself”; and whether it was possible that appellant could

have caused Andersson’s injuries as she defended herself from him, as she

contended. See, e.g., (RR V – 231-32); (RR VI – 45-48, 167-71); (RR VII – 100-

112); (RR VIII – 23-25, 27-32, 36-44, 54, 59-60, 123-24, 127-29).

      Carroll elicited from appellant’s next-door-neighbor that the loud, angry,

masculine yelling that the neighbor overheard in her unit, coming from

Andersson’s unit around the time of the murder, did not sound like a “man

shrieking in pain” but rather sounded like “just an angry man.” (RR VI – 24-25).

Carroll ensured that appellant’s entire recorded statement to homicide investigators

was admitted and published to the jury, wherein appellant described her self-

defense claim at length. (RR V – 41-42); (RR VI – 88-89, 144-46); see (RR XVII

- SX 204-05).     Carroll admitted appellant’s medical records from the Harris

County Jail, which recorded that appellant had “generalized bruises” on her body,

face, hands, and legs, and contusions on the back of her head, and called the nurse

who viewed and documented those injuries to testify. (RR VIII – 31-35); (RR IX –

57-62, 78-80); see (RR XVIII-XIX DX 8-8A).




                                        28
        Carroll also called nine other witnesses—ten total—to testify in the

defense’s case-in-chief.    See generally (RR I – 9-10).        Among those other

witnesses were Chris Martinez, a martial arts expert, whom Carroll proffered to

perform a self-defense demonstration to illustrate how the murder could have

occurred as appellant attempted to defend herself from Andersson, as appellant had

described.     (RR IX – 48-51, 104-06, 112-115, 120-25, 154-69, 171-75).

Additionally, Carroll called Dr. Lee Ann Grossberg, a forensic pathologist, to

qualify the findings of the State’s forensic pathologist, and to explain that

Andersson’s wounds, especially his defensive wounds, could have been caused

while Andersson was holding, restraining, or attacking appellant. (RR IX – 176-

203).

        Considering all of these measures aimed at proving that appellant justifiably

killed Andersson in self-defense, and the fact that Babcock’s testimony might

actually have harmed appellant’s self-defense claim by conceding that appellant’s

conduct was excessive and an overreaction, appellant’s claim that she was

prejudiced by Carroll’s strategic decision to have Babcock testify only in the

punishment phase of trial lacks merit. C.f. Perez v. State, 310 S.W.3d 890, 896

(Tex. Crim. App. 2010) (finding that the defendant failed to establish prejudice

from his attorney’s failure to call an alibi witness when the evidence that the jury

did not hear regarding that issue did not undermine the court’s confidence in the

                                          29
outcome of the defendant’s trial); Stokes v. State, 298 S.W.3d 428, 431-32 (Tex.

App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2009, pet. ref’d) (denying the defendant’s claim of

ineffective assistance based on the attorney’s supposed failure to investigate,

interview witnesses, and call witnesses at trial, given the defendant’s failure to

establish that the proposed investigation and witnesses’ testimony would

reasonably have affected the outcome of the proceedings). Thus, appellant has

failed to satisfy the second prong of Strickland, and her third point of error should

be overruled.

                         


                         CONCLUSION AND PRAYER

      For the foregoing reasons, the State respectfully submits that appellant failed

to overcome the presumption that she was adequately represented by counsel

during the timeframe for preparing, filing, and presenting a motion for new trial;

that the trial court appropriately denied appellant’s motion for mistrial; and that

appellant failed to establish both prongs of the Strickland test for ineffective

assistance of counsel.    Thus, the State respectfully prays that this Court will

overrule appellant’s three points of error, and will affirm appellant’s conviction.




                                          30
     Respectfully submitted,


     DEVON ANDERSON
     District Attorney
     Harris County, Texas


        /S/ Melissa Hervey
     MELISSA P. HERVEY
     Assistant District Attorney
     Harris County, Texas
     State Bar Number: 24053741
     1201 Franklin Street, Suite 600
     Houston, Texas 77002
     Telephone (713) 755-5826
     Fax Number (713) 755-5809
     Hervey_Melissa@dao.hctx.net




31
                     CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

      Pursuant to Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.4(i), the undersigned

attorney certifies that there are 6,789 words in the foregoing computer-generated

document, based upon the representation provided by Microsoft Word, the word

processing program that was used to create the document, and excluding the

portions of the document exempted by Rule 9.4(i)(1).



                                                    /S/ Melissa Hervey
                                                 MELISSA P. HERVEY
                                                 Assistant District Attorney
                                                 Harris County, Texas
                                                 State Bar Number: 24053741
                                                 1201 Franklin Street, Suite 600
                                                 Houston, Texas 77002
                                                 Telephone (713) 755-5826
                                                 Fax Number (713) 755-5809
                                                 Hervey_Melissa@dao.hctx.net




                                       32
                        CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

      This is to certify that the undersigned counsel has directed the e-filing

system eFile.TXCourts.gov to serve a true and correct copy of the foregoing

document upon Douglas M. Durham, appellant’s attorney of record on appeal, on

January 30, 2015, at the following e-mail address, through the electronic service

system provided by eFile.TXCourts.gov:

      durham.doug@yahoo.com



                                                    /S/ Melissa Hervey
                                                 MELISSA P. HERVEY
                                                 Assistant District Attorney
                                                 Harris County, Texas
                                                 State Bar Number: 24053741
                                                 1201 Franklin Street, Suite 600
                                                 Houston, Texas 77002
                                                 Telephone (713) 755-5826
                                                 Fax Number (713) 755-5809
                                                 Hervey_Melissa@dao.hctx.net




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          APPENDIX A

Appellant’s Pauper’s Oath on Appeal




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