Affirmed; Opinion Filed February 26, 2018.




                                              In The
                                Court of Appeals
                         Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                      No. 05-16-00841-CV

                         GUDAYE GOBEZIE, Appellant
                                    V.
               SANDRA CASTILLO AND JORGO VALERIANO, Appellees

                      On Appeal from the 192nd Judicial District Court
                                   Dallas County, Texas
                           Trial Court Cause No. DC-15-03934

                             MEMORANDUM OPINION
                          Before Justices Francis, Evans, and Boatright
                                   Opinion by Justice Evans
       Gudaye Gobezie appeals from an adverse judgment after a trial before the court on claims

brought by Sandra Castillo and Jorgo Valeriano arising out of their car purchase from Prolife Auto

Garland. Gobezie generally challenges the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence supporting

the judgment against her as well as the trial court’s award of attorney’s fees. We affirm the trial

court’s judgment.

                                        BACKGROUND

       In December 2014, appellees Sandra Castillo and her husband Jorgo Valeriano traveled

from Oklahoma to Garland, Texas to purchase a 2003 Honda Accord being sold by Prolife Auto

Garland. Appellees paid $5000 cash for the vehicle after obtaining a loan from their bank. At

trial, Castillo testified that she gave Gobezie the money for the car. After they took possession of
the vehicle and returned to Oklahoma, however, appellees did not receive the paperwork to obtain

legal title to the vehicle. Appellees traveled six times from Oklahoma to Garland attempting to

resolve the title issue. On their last visit to Garland, in March 2015, appellees were given a $5000

check, but the bank refused to cash it. Unable to get their money back or obtain legal title to the

car, appellees sued Gudaye Gobezie d/b/a Prolife Auto Garland and others for, among other things,

breach of implied warranty to convey legal title and attorney’s fees. The matter was tried before

the court sitting without a jury.1 The trial rendered a judgment in favor of appellees, awarding

them $5000 in damages and $5100 in attorney’s fees. Gobezie filed this appeal.

                                                  ANALYSIS

        A.       Legal and Factual Sufficiency

        Gobezie contends the evidence is legally and/or factually insufficient to support the

damages awarded against her because (a) there is no evidence connecting her or Prolife Auto

Garland to appellees’ car purchase, (b) collateral estoppel precludes a liability finding against

Gobezie, and (c) the trial court awarded appellees an impermissible double recovery.

        Before turning to the merits of her sufficiency complaints, we first address her briefing

with respect to her factual sufficiency challenge. Although Gobezie’s stated “issue” purports to

challenge the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence, her brief contains no argument or legal

authority addressing a factual sufficiency challenge.               The section of her argument entitled

“standard of review” under this issue cites three Texas Supreme Court cases, all addressing legal

sufficiency.2 Finally, in her prayer for relief, Gobezie requests that we render judgment in her

favor, a remedy available only in the context of a legal sufficiency challenge. See Elias v. Mr.


    1
     Gobezie was the only defendant at trial as appellees were unable to effectuate service on defendant Zerayakob
Micael and previously filed a nonsuit with respect to defendant Getenet Berhanu.
    2
      She also mistakenly identifies rules 43.3 and 60.2 of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure addressing
judgments in the court of appeals and the Texas Supreme Court, respectively, as Texas Rules of Civil Procedure 43.3
and 60.2.
                                                       –2–
Yamaha, Inc., 33 S.W.3d 54, 59 n.6 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2000, no pet.). To present an issue to

this Court, a party must present a concise argument for the contention made with appropriate

citations to authorities and the record. See Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(i). When a party fails to provide

any argument to support a stated issue, she presents nothing for us to review. Because Gobezie

has failed to provide us with any argument, analysis, or authority in support of her factual

sufficiency challenge, we need not address it. Accordingly, our analysis only addresses Gobezie’s

legal sufficiency challenges.

       Where, as here, findings of fact were not requested by either party, we imply all necessary

findings to support the trial court’s judgment. See Shields Ltd. P’ship v. Bradberry, 526 S.W.3d

471, 480 (Tex. 2017). But when a reporter’s record is filed, these implied findings may be

challenged for legal and factual sufficiency in the same manner as jury findings or a trial court’s

express findings. See Roberson v. Robinson, 768 S.W.2d 280, 281 (Tex. 1989) (per curiam). In

the absence of findings, we affirm the trial court’s judgment if it can be upheld on any available

legal theory that is supported by the record. Rosemond v. Al-Lahiq, 331 S.W.3d 764, 766 (Tex.

2011) (per curiam).

       In analyzing the legal sufficiency of the evidence, we view the evidence in the light most

favorable to the verdict, crediting evidence favoring the finding if reasonable factfinders could and

disregarding contrary evidence unless reasonable factfinders could not. See Del Lago Partners,

Inc. v. Smith, 307 S.W.3d 762, 770 (Tex. 2010) (citing City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802,

822, 827 (Tex. 2005)). We will uphold the finding if more than a scintilla of competent evidence

supports it. Haggar Clothing Co. v. Hernandez, 164 S.W.3d 386, 388 (Tex. 2005) (per curiam);

see also City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at 810. The final test for legal sufficiency is “whether the

evidence at trial would enable reasonable and fair-minded people to reach the verdict under

review.” City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at 827. When conducting our legal sufficiency review, we are

                                                –3–
mindful that the factfinder is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be

given their testimony. See id. at 819.

        Gobezie argues that the evidence is legally insufficient to support a judgment against her

because appellees did not provide any documentation from their bank indicating to whom payment

was made for the vehicle. She further contends appellees testified each time they visited the

Garland location, they interacted with another individual, while she testified that she was not

involved in any of the transactions or even present at the Garland location at any of the relevant

times. Finally, she asserts she was not connected to any of the companies listed on the paperwork

involved in the transaction, namely – the Buyer’s Order for the vehicle identifying the Seller as

“Pro Life Garland,” the paid invoice naming “Prolife Auto,” and the refund check from “Prolife-

MJMD.”

       Our review of the trial record reveals that Castillo identified Gobezie as the person to whom

she gave the $5000 for the vehicle and Gobezie counted the money in front of her. She testified

that she called the Garland shop and Gobezie told her son over the phone that the title would arrive

in six days. Castillo further stated Gobezie was there when appellees picked up the check they

were unable to cash. There was an assumed name certificate recorded on July 28, 2014 admitted

into evidence showing “Prolife Auto Garland” operating as a general partnership at the location

where appellees purchased the vehicle. The owners of the partnership were identified on the

certificate as Gobezie and Micael. In fact, Gobezie’s daughter testified at trial that Gobezie gave

Micael and Berhanu a total of $140,000 “to help us create some income.”

       As additional evidence of a partnership, appellees introduced into evidence a civil

complaint filed by Gobezie against Micael and Berhanu alleging they “convinced her to ‘invest’

in a new business where the parties would purchase used cars at auction, fix, and resell them at a

profit.” To that end, Gobezie signed a business formation agreement on July 7, 2014 that was

                                                 –4–
attached to her complaint. Although the agreement contemplated the formation of a limited

liability company to which Gobezie would contribute $100,000 in exchange for a twenty percent

interest, there is no evidence such an entity was ever formed. Instead, two weeks after the

agreement was signed, Gobezie executed the assumed name certificate of ownership for Prolife

Auto Garland.

         Generally, an association of two or more persons to carry on a business for profit as owners

creates a partnership, regardless of whether they intended to create a partnership. See TEX. BUS.

ORGS. CODE ANN. § 152.051(b) (West 2012). Factors indicating persons created a partnership

include: right to receive a share of business profits, express intent to become partners, right to

participate in control of the business, agreement to share business losses or third party liabilities,

and agreement to contribute or contribution of money or property to the business. TEX. BUS. ORGS.

CODE ANN. § 152.52(a). Based on the record before us, we conclude a reasonable factfinder could

have determined that Gobezie was a partner in Prolife Auto Garland, the business from which

appellees testified they purchased the vehicle. As a partner in the general partnership, Gobezie

was thus jointly and severally liable for partnership obligations. See TEX. BUS. ORGS. CODE ANN.

§ 152.304. Consequently, the evidence was legally sufficient to establish Gobezie was liable for

Prolife Auto Garland’s failure to provide title to the vehicle purchased by appellees.

         In concluding the evidence is legally sufficient to support a judgment against Gobezie, we

necessarily reject her contention that she conclusively established the judgment against her is

barred by collateral estoppel.3 Gobezie’s collateral estoppel argument is based on a June 8, 2016

judgment in the lawsuit Gobezie brought against Micael and Berhanu. Among other things, that

judgment declared Gobezie not competent to enter into business agreements with Micael and



    3
      The trial court necessarily rejected Gobezie’s collateral estoppel defense when it rendered judgment in favor of
appellees.
                                                        –5–
Berhanu and declared the July 28, 2014 assumed name certificate for Prolife Auto Garland null

and void.

       Among the necessary elements required to establish collateral estoppel, the proponent must

establish the parties (Gobezie and appellees) were cast as adversaries in the first action. Sysco

Food Servs., Inc. v. Trapnell, 890 S.W.2d 796, 801 (Tex. 1994). To satisfy this element, the party

against whom the doctrine is asserted in the second action must have been a party or in privity

with a party in the first action. Id. at 802. “Privity connotes those who are in law so connected

with a party to the judgment as to have such an identity of interest that the party to the judgment

represented the same legal right.” Tex. Capital Secs. Mgmt., Inc. v. Sandefer, 80 S.W.3d 260, 265

(Tex. App.—Texarkana 2002, pet. struck). The privity requirement is satisfied when the party

sought to be bound by the prior ruling controlled the first action, has their interest represented by

a party to the prior action, or derives their claim through a party in the prior action. See HECI

Exploration Co. v. Neel, 982 S.W.2d 881, 890 (Tex. 1998). There is no privity between Gobezie’s

alleged business partners, Micael and Berhanu, and appellees, third parties who purchased a

vehicle from the business. Accordingly, collateral estoppel did not preclude a judgment in

appellees’ favor.

       Under this issue, Gobezie also argues the trial court impermissibly gave appellees a double

recovery when it awarded them $5000 in damages without ordering them to return the vehicle. A

double recovery exists when a plaintiff is awarded more than one recovery for the same injury.

Waite Hill Servs. Inc. v. World Class Metal Works, Inc., 959 S.W.2d 182, 184 (Tex. 1998) (per

curiam). Here, the trial court judgment simply awarded appellees $5000 as actual damages without

specifying the cause of action upon which it was granting relief. Underlying Gobezie’s argument

is her assumption that the $5000 damages award in appellees’ favor represented damages for

rescission. However, it appears the trial court award is sustainable based on their claim for breach

                                                –6–
of implied warranty, including consequential damages for their lost wages. In fact, despite

appellees’ offer at trial to make arrangements to bring the car back, there is nothing in the record

to indicate Gobezie accepted their offer. Moreover, at the time judgment was rendered, the vehicle

had no legal title. There was also testimony at trial that both appellees had lost six days of work

travelling to Garland in an effort to resolve the title issue.4 When the title issue was not resolved

and the temporary tags expired, Castillo testified she could no longer use the vehicle to get to work

and lost her job. Based on the record before us, Gobezie has not established appellees obtained a

double recovery. We resolve Gobezie’s first issue against her.5

           B.     Attorney’s Fees

         In her second issue, Gobezie argues that the trial court erred in awarding appellees

attorney’s fees because they failed to obtain a finding on any cause of action that authorizes such

a recovery. We disagree. As previously stated, when findings are not requested or filed in a bench

trial, we imply all necessary findings to support the trial court’s judgment. See Shields Ltd. P’ship,

526 S.W.3d at 480. Here, appellees pleaded a claim for breach of implied warranty to convey

legal title and the trial court impliedly found such a breach to support its $5000 damage award.

Moreover, appellees sought only the economic damages they suffered as a result of Gobezie’s

failure to provide them with title to the vehicle they purchased. Such a claim sounds in contract.

See JCW Electronics, Inc. v. Garza, 257 S.W.3d 701, 704–05 (Tex. 2008). Accordingly, attorney

fees were proper under section 38.001(8) of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. TEX.

CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 38.001(8) (West 2015); Howard Indus. Inc. v. Crown Cork &


    4
      Castillo and Valeriano testified they each worked 40 hours per week and stated their hourly wages as $9 per
hour and $16 per hour, respectively.
    5
      Assuming it was properly presented for our review, we would also conclude Gobezie’s factual sufficiency
lacked merit. For factual sufficiency challenges, we consider and weigh all of the evidence, setting aside the verdict
only if the supporting evidence is so weak or the finding is so against the great weight and preponderance of the
evidence that it is clearly wrong and unjust. Dow Chem. Co. v. Francis, 46 S.W.3d 237, 242 (Tex. 2001) (per curiam).
Reviewing the record under the appropriate standard, we cannot conclude that the evidence supporting the judgment
against Gobezie is factually insufficient.
                                                        –7–
Seal Co., LLC, 403 S.W.3d 347, 352 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2013, no pet.) (affirming

attorney’s fees award after determining breach of implied warranty claim seeking only economic

damages qualified as a contract claim for purposes of 38.001(8)). We resolve Gobezie’s second

issue against her.

                                      CONCLUSION

       We conclude that both of Gobezie’s issues are without merit. Accordingly, we affirm the

trial court’s judgment.



160841F.P05

                                                   /David Evans/
                                                   DAVID EVANS
                                                   JUSTICE




                                             –8–
                               Court of Appeals
                        Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
                                       JUDGMENT

 GUDAYE GOBEZIE, Appellant                           On Appeal from the 192nd Judicial District
                                                     Court, Dallas County, Texas
 No. 05-16-00841-CV          V.                      Trial Court Cause No. DC-15-03934
                                                     Opinion delivered by Justice Evans,
 SANDRA CASTILLO AND JORGO                           Justices Francis and Boatright participating.
 VALERIANO, Appellees

     In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED.

        It is ORDERED that appellee Sandra Castillo and Jorgo Valeriano recover their costs of
this appeal from appellant Gudaye Gobezie.


Judgment entered this 26th day of February, 2018.




                                               –9–
