IN THE SUPRElVIE COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

Pet. Nos. 13—29034, 14-07724
Petitioner/Respondent Below, 14-13022, 14-13032

Appellee.

EDWARD ROSADO,‘ §
§ Nos. 550, 2014 & 551, 2014
Respondent/Petitioner Below, §
Appellant, § Court Below—Family Court of
§ State of Delaware in and for
v. § Kent County
§
KAREN ROBERTS, § File No. CK11-03242
§
§
§

Submitted: December 10, 2014
Decided: February 20, 2015

Before STRINE, Chief Justice, HOLLAND and VALIHURA, Justices.
OR D E R

This 20th day of February 2015, upon consideration of the appellant’s
opening brief and the appellee’s motion to afﬁrm, it appears to the Court
that:

(l) The parties, appellant, Edward Rosado (hereinafter “Father”)
and appellee, Karen Roberts (hereinafter “Mother”), are the parents of a
child born in June 2011 (hereinafter “Child”). Father ﬁled these appeals
from orders issued by the Family Court on September 2, 2014, modifying

custody and Visitation (hereinafter “2014 Custody/Visitation Order”) and

1 By Order dated October 1, 2014, the Court sua sponte assigned pseudonyms to the
parties. Del. Supr. Ct. R. 7(d).

ruling on related petitions and motions ﬁled by the parties (hereinafter
“Sanction Order”). We have consolidated the appeals for decision.

(2) The following background is relevant to Father’s claims on
appeal. In September 2012, after a full hearing on the merits of the parties’
cross-petitions for custody, the Family Court granted joint custody of the
Child to the parties, primary placement with Mother and Visitation with
Father (hereinafter “the 2012 Custody/Visitation Order”). Father filed an
appeal from the 2012 Custody/Visitation Order. By Order dated February 5,
2013, we afﬁrrned the Family Court judgment.2

(3) As part of the 2012 Custody/Visitation Order, the Family Court
made the following ﬁndings concerning a protection from abuse consent
order entered against Mother in January 2012:

The Court notes that a Protection from Abuse
Consent Order (“PFA”) was entered against
Mother on January 24, 2012. The Order resulted
from a dispute at [the Child’s] doctor’s ofﬁce,
where Father refused to allow Mother to have [the
Child]. Father claims that Mother physically
assaulted Father in an attempt to get [the Child]
back by yelling at him and kicking him; however,
both Mother and [the Child’s maternal]
grandmother, who was present during the
altercation, deny that any physical assault took
place. Mother went on to testify that she

consented to the PFA because she was desperate to
see her [Child].

2 Raymond v. Raymond, 2013 WL 436215 (Del. Feb. 5, 2013).
2

In his appeal from the 2012 Custody/Visitation Order, Father argued,
without success, that the Family Court erred when it failed to assess the
credibility of the witnesses’ testimony about the altercation between Mother
and Father in the parking lot of the Child’s doctor’s ofﬁce (hereinafter “the
2012 parking lot altercation”).

(4) In September 2013, Father began ﬁling a series of unsuccessful
petitions and motions seeking changes to the Visitation schedule and relief
from Mother’s alleged Violations of the 2012 Custody/Visitation Order. The
Family Court dismissed Father’s petition for a modiﬁcation of Visitation
after a hearing in May 2014.

(5) Following the dismissal of Father’s petition to modify
Visitation, Mother ﬁled a petition to modify the 2012 Custody/Visitation
Order seeking, in part, ﬁnal decision-making authority regarding Child’s
school and daycare, which had been a source of disagreement between the
parties. In June 2014, the Family Court held an evidentiary hearing on
Mother’s petition for modiﬁcation of custody and on a rule to show cause
petition and motion for sanctions ﬁled by Mother, and on a motion for

contempt ﬁled by Father.3

3 Mother’s petition for a rule to show cause alleged that Father violated the 2012
Custody/Visitation Order by denying Mother’s Visit with Child on Mother’s Day.

3

(6) On September 2, 2014, the Family Court issued the 2014
Custody/Visitation Order after making a threshold determination that a
modiﬁcation of the 2012 Custody/Visitation Order was necessary “to avoid
the risk of signiﬁcant impairment of Child’s emotional development.”4 The
court analyzed the best interest factors and determined that the Child’s best
interests would be served by Mother and Father sharing joint custody,
primary residential placement with Mother and “generous visitation” with
Father.5 Moreover, as part of the 2014 Custody/Visitation Order, the court
provided that, in the event the parties cannot agree, “Mother shall have ﬁnal
decision—making authority regarding daycare and schooling.”

(7) On September 2, 2014, the Family Court also issued the
Sanction Order, which granted Mother’s petition for a rule to show cause
and motion for sanctions and denied Father’s motion for contempt of court.

As part of the Sanction Order, the court ﬁned Father $500.00 for his

Mother’s motion for sanctions alleged that Father failed to attend a scheduled deposition
after receiving notice of the deposition. Father’s motion for contempt alleged that
Mother and her attorney conspired to violate the 2012 Custody/Visitation Order when
Mother refused to allow a third-party to retrieve the Child for Father’s visitation.

4 Mother’s petition for modiﬁcation of custody was governed by 13 Del. C. § 729(c),
which provides that the Family Court cannot modify a prior custody order within two
years “unless it ﬁnds, after a hearing, that continuing enforcement of the prior order may
endanger the child’s physical health or signiﬁcantly impair his or her emotional
developmen .”

5 See 13 Del. C. § 722 (listing best interest factors). See Tatum V. Yost, 2007 WL
2323791 (Del. Aug. 15, 2007) (citing statutes).

4

“unjustiﬁed Violation” of the 2012 Custody/Visitation Order and then
suspended the ﬁne provided that Father complies with the Sanction Order
and the 2014 Custody/Visitation Order.6

(8) Father ﬁled the above-captioned appeals, now consolidated,
from the 2014 Custody/Visitation Order and the Sanction Order. In his
opening brief on appeal, Father does not address either the 2014
Custody/Visitation Order or the Sanction Order. Rather, Father asks this
Court to “reopen” the proceedings that led to the 2012 Custody/Visitation
Order and the appeal from that Order, on the basis that a “recently
discovered audio” of the 2012 parking lot altercation proves that Mother
assaulted Father, and that Mother lied in a June 2012 deposition.

(9) The Court cannot consider Father’s request to reopen the
proceedings that led to the 2012 Custody/Visitation Order and the appeal
from that Order. The Court also cannot consider the audio and deposition
Father offers in support of his request. Father’s request to reopen, and the
audio and deposition submitted with Father’s opening brief on appeal, were
not considered by the Family Court in the ﬁrst instance and are outside of

the record on appeal. “It is a basic tenet of appellate practice that an

6 The court also ordered that Father reimburse Mother for the cost of securing a court
reporter for a deposition that Father missed and for Mother’s attorney’s fees related to the
deposition and for Mother’s attomey’s fees and costs related to the rule to show cause
petition and motion for sanctions.

appellate court reviews only matters considered in the ﬁrst instance by a trial

court. Parties are not free to advance arguments for the ﬁrst time on

1 7,7

appea “Only questions fairly presented to the trial court may be

presented for review.”8

(10) When considering an appeal from a Family Court order, this
Court reviews both the law and the facts underlying the order and the
inferences and deductions made by the trial judge.9 We review conclusions
of law de novo,10 but we will not disturb factual ﬁndings on appeal “unless
they are found to be clearly erroneous and justice requires they be
overturned.”11 “The judgment of the Family Court must be afﬁrmed when
the inferences and deductions upon which it is based are supported by the
record and are the product of an orderly and logical deductive process.”12

(11) In this case, having careﬁeilly considered the parties’ positions
on appeal and the Family Court record, we conclude that there is no basis to

overturn either the 2014 Custody/Visitation Order or the Sanction Order. In

each of those well-reasoned orders, the Family Court applied the correct

7 Delaware Elec. Coop, Inc. v. Duphl'ly, 703 A.2d 1202, 1206 (Del. 1997).
8 Id (citing Supr. Ct. R. 8).

9 Mundy v. Devon, 906 A.2d 750, 752 (Del. 2006).

‘0 Id (citing In re Heller, 669 A.2d 25, 29 (Del. 1995)).

“ Id. (citing Solis v. Tea, 468 A.2d 1276, 1279 (Del. 1983)).

‘2 Mundy v. Devon, 906 A.2d 750, 752—53 (Del. 2006) (citing Solis v. Tea, 468 A.2d
1276, 1279 (Dci. 1983)).

legal standard, and the court’s ﬁndings of fact, inferences, and deductions
are supported by the record and are the product of an orderly and logical

deductive process.

NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the motion to afﬁrm is
GRANTED. The judgments of the Family Court are AFFIRMED.

BY THE COURT:

/s/ Randy .1 Holland
Justice

