[Cite as State v. Gosnell, 2011-Ohio-4288.]




        IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR MONTGOMERY COUNTY, OHIO

STATE OF OHIO                                         :

        Plaintiff-Appellee                            :             C.A. CASE NO.     24213

v.                                                    :             T.C. NO.    10CR825

GAYLON J. GOSNELL                                     :             (Criminal appeal from
                                                                     Common Pleas Court)
        Defendant-Appellant                    :

                                                      :

                                              ..........

                                              OPINION

                          Rendered on the      26th        day of      August     , 2011.

                                              ..........

JOHNNA M. SHIA, Atty. Reg. No. 0067685, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, 301 W. Third
Street, 5th Floor, Dayton, Ohio 45422
        Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee

WILLIAM T. DALY, Atty. Reg. No. 0069300, 1250 W. Dorothy Lane, Suite 105, Kettering,
Ohio 45409
      Attorney for Defendant-Appellant

                                              ..........

DONOVAN, J.

        {¶ 1} Defendant-appellant Gaylon Jerry Gosnell appeals his conviction and sentence

in Case No. 2010 CR 825 for six counts of rape of a child under thirteen years of age, in

violation of R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(b), all felonies of the first degree; three counts of gross

sexual imposition (GSI) of a child under thirteen years of age, in violation of R.C.
                                                                                               2

2907.05(A)(4), all felonies of the third degree; three counts of sexual battery, in violation of

R.C. 2907.03(A)(5), all felonies of the third degree; one count of sexual imposition, in

violation of R.C. 2907.06(A)(4), a misdemeanor of the third degree; and one count of

contributing to the delinquency of a minor, in violation of R.C. 2919.24(A)(1), a

misdemeanor of the first degree.

           {¶ 2} Gosnell filed a timely notice of appeal on August 20, 2010.

                                                     I

           {¶ 3} On March 29, 2010, Gosnell was charged by indictment with one count of rape

of a child under ten years of age, twelve counts of rape of a child under thirteen years of age,

six counts of GSI of a child under thirteen years of age, five counts of sexual battery, one

count of sexual imposition, and one count of contributing to the unruliness or delinquency of

a child.

           {¶ 4} On July 20, 2010, Gosnell pled no contest to six counts of rape of a child under

thirteen years of age, three counts of GSI of a child under thirteen years of age, three counts

of sexual battery, one count of sexual imposition, and one count of contributing to the

delinquency of a minor. The trial court subsequently found Gosnell guilty, and on August

19, 2010, sentenced him to an aggregate term of twenty years in prison. We note that the

trial court ordered that the sentence imposed in Case No. 2010 CR 825 run concurrently with

the sentence imposed in Case No. 2009 CR 4321, wherein Gosnell was found guilty of

disrupting public services and domestic violence.

           {¶ 5} It is from this judgment that Gosnell now appeals.

                                                     II
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       {¶ 6} Gosnell’s sole assignment of error is as follows:

       {¶ 7} “THE TRIAL COURT FAILED TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF

CRIMINAL RULE 11(C)(2) AND FAILED TO ADVISE IN ITS DIALOGUE TO THE

DEFENDANT THE MAXIMUM SENTENCE OF IMPRISONMENT THAT THE

DEFENDANT WAS SUBJECT TO.”

       {¶ 8} In his sole assignment, Gosnell contends that his no contest pleas were

rendered unknowing and involuntary because the trial court did not notify him of the “effect”

of his pleas. Specifically, Gosnell argues that the trial court failed to notify him at the plea

hearing of the maximum possible sentence that he could receive.

       {¶ 9} Crim. R. 11(C) sets forth the requisite notice to be given to a defendant at a

plea hearing on a felony. To be fully informed of the effect of the plea, the court must

determine that the defendant’s plea was made with an “understanding of the nature of the

charges and the maximum penalty involved.” Crim. R. 11(C)(2)(a).

       {¶ 10} In order for a plea to be made knowingly and voluntarily, the trial court must

follow the mandates of Crim. R. 11(C). If a defendant’s guilty plea is not voluntary and

knowing, it has been obtained in violation of due process and is void. Boykin v. Alabama

(1969), 395 U.S. 238, 243, 89 S.Ct. 1709, 23 L.Ed.2d 274.

       {¶ 11} A trial court must strictly comply with Crim. R. 11 as it pertains to the waiver

of federal constitutional rights.   These include the right to trial by jury, the right of

confrontation, and the privilege against self-incrimination. Id. at 243-44.          However,

substantial compliance with Crim. R. 11(C) is sufficient when waiving non-constitutional

rights. State v. Nero (1990), 56 Ohio St.3d 106, 108. The non-constitutional rights that a
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defendant must be informed of are the nature of the charges with an understanding of the law

in relation to the facts, the maximum penalty, and that after entering a guilty plea or a no

contest plea, the court may proceed to judgment and sentence. Crim. R. 11(C)(2)(a)(b); State

v. Philpott, Cuyahoga App. No. 74392, citing McCarthy v. U.S. (1969), 394 U.S. 459, 466,

89 S.Ct. 1166, 22 L.Ed.2d 418. Substantial compliance means that under the totality of the

circumstances, the defendant subjectively understands the implications of his plea and the

rights he is waiving. Nero, 56 Ohio St.3d at 108.

       {¶ 12} A defendant who challenges his no contest plea on the basis that it

was not knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily made must show a prejudicial effect.

State v. Goens, Montgomery App. No. 19585, 2003-Ohio-5402; Crim. R. 52(A).

The test is whether the plea would have been otherwise made. Id.

       {¶ 13} Upon review, the record of the plea hearing establishes that the trial

court complied with Crim. R. 11(C)(2) after Gosnell acknowledged that he wished to

plead no contest to the charged offenses pursuant to the plea agreement. The

trial court informed Gosnell that he would be waiving his right to jury trial, his right to

compulsory process of witnesses, his privilege against self-incrimination, and his

right to confront his accusers. Additionally, Gosnell stated that he was not acting

under duress nor did anyone threaten him or make any promises to him regarding

his plea that were not stated in open court. The trial court thoroughly advised

Gosnell of the effect of his no contest pleas, and he affirmatively stated that he

understood the court’s explanation.

       {¶ 14} Moreover, the trial court advised Gosnell of the maximum penalty

involved for each offense in Case. No. 2010 CR 825, to wit: Rape of child under
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thirteen, F1, three to ten years in prison; GSI, F3, one to five in prison; Sexual

Battery, F3, one to five years in prison; Contributing to the Delinquency of a Minor,

M1, up to 180 days; and Sexual Imposition, M3, up to sixty days. The trial court

also explained that it could order that each sentence be served concurrent to or

consecutive to one another, and advised Gosnell of the difference between

“concurrent” and “consecutive” sentences. Gosnell’s responses to the trial court’s

questions establish that he had full knowledge of the “effect” and consequences of

his no contest pleas.

      {¶ 15} Gosnell, however, argues that he would not have entered a plea had

he been made aware of the cumulative maximum term he was facing. Knowledge

of the maximum total penalty is not constitutionally required for a knowing,

intelligent, and voluntary plea. State v. Johnson (1988), 40 Ohio St.3d 130, 133.

All that Crim. R. 11(C)(2)(a) requires is that the trial court explain to a defendant

before it accepts his plea the nature of each charge and the maximum penalty for

each charge involved. Id.         In the instant case, the trial court clearly and

unequivocally explained the nature and maximum prison term for each charge to

which Gosnell plead no contest.

      {¶ 16} Lastly Gosnell points out that the trial court did not inquire into his

education and comprehension level during the plea hearing. Gosnell also asserts

that the trial court failed to ascertain whether he was under the influence of any

medication that may have adversely affected his ability to render a knowing and

voluntary waiver of his rights.    While the trial court may not have inquired into

Gosnell’s education level or whether he was under the influence of medication, the
                                                                                     6

court did substantially comply with all of the constitutional requirements set forth in

Crim. R. 11(C)(2). In the absence of other evidence establishing that Gosnell was

confused or did not understand, which the record of this plea hearing does not

suggest, the record is sufficient to demonstrate that the trial court properly

determined that he understood the nature and “effect” of the charges to which he

plead no contest. State v. Fisher, Montgomery App. No. 23992, 2011-Ohio-629.



       {¶ 17} Based on the record of the plea hearing, we conclude that the trial

court did engage in a meaningful dialogue with Gosnell, and did properly advise him

of the maximum penalty for each offense to which he was pleading no contest.

Accordingly, we find that the trial court complied with Crim. R. 11(C)(2), and that

Gosnell made a voluntary, knowing, and intelligent waiver of his constitutional

rights. Thus, the trial court did not err when it accepted Gosnell’s no contest pleas.

       {¶ 18} Gosnell’s sole assignment of error is overruled.

                                              III

       {¶ 19} Gosnell’s sole assignment of error having been overruled, the

judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

                                      ..........

FAIN, J. and VUKOVICH, J., concur.

(Hon. Joseph J. Vukovich, Seventh District Court of Appeals, sitting by assignment
of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio).

Copies mailed to:

Johnna M. Shia
William T. Daly
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Hon. Dennis J. Langer
