                                                          Supreme Court

                                                          No. 2016-14-Appeal.
                                                          (PC 14-436)


  OSJ of Providence, LLC             :

             v.                      :

       Aly T. Diene.                 :




NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the
Rhode Island Reporter. Readers are requested to notify the Opinion Analyst,
Supreme Court of Rhode Island, 250 Benefit Street, Providence, Rhode Island
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                                                                  Supreme Court

                                                                  No. 2016-14-Appeal.
                                                                  (PC 14-436)


           OSJ of Providence, LLC              :

                      v.                       :

                Aly T. Diene.                  :


               Present: Suttell, C.J., Goldberg, Flaherty, Robinson, and Indeglia, JJ.

                                          OPINION

         Justice Flaherty, for the Court. This case came before the Supreme Court on appeal by

the defendant, Aly T. Diene, from a grant of the plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment in

favor of OSJ of Providence, LLC. We heard oral argument on this appeal on February 8, 2017,

pursuant to an order directing the parties to appear and show cause why the issues raised by this

appeal should not summarily be decided.            After considering the parties’ oral and written

arguments, and after a thorough review of the record, we are of the opinion that cause has not

been shown and that this case should be decided at this time without further briefing or

argument. For the reasons set forth in this opinion, we affirm the judgment of the Superior

Court.

                                                   I

                                         Facts and Travel

         On February 3, 2012, Bayal Restaurant, Inc. (Bayal) entered into a lease agreement with

Shaws Plaza Improvements, LLC, the predecessor in interest to plaintiff, to rent commercial

property located at 50 Ann Mary Street in Pawtucket (the premises). The lease was for a term of



                                                -1-
five years with a rent commencement date set at 240 days after delivery of the premises. 1 The

monthly rent for the first year was $4,000. 2 In consideration of the lease, Diene, as president of

Bayal, executed a personal guaranty. That guaranty provided that the guarantor

               “do[es] hereby absolutely and unconditionally guarantee to
               Landlord, its successors and assigns, the full and prompt payment
               when due, of all rents, charges and additional sums coming due
               under said Lease, together with the performance of all covenants
               and agreements of the Tenant therein contained and together with
               the full and prompt payment of all damages that may arise or be
               incurred by Landlord in consequence of Tenant’s failure to
               perform such covenants and agreements * * * and the undersigned
               further agree[s] to pay all expenses, including attorneys’ fees and
               legal expenses, paid or incurred by Landlord in endeavoring to
               collect or enforce the Liabilities or any part thereof and in
               enforcing this Guaranty, such payment and performance to be
               made or performed by the undersigned forthwith upon a default by
               Tenant.”

By its terms, the guaranty was to “expire on the last day of the twelfth (12th) full month

following the Rent Commencement Date (as defined in the Lease).”

       On January 31, 2013, title to the premises was conveyed to plaintiff, OSJ. In conjunction

with the conveyance, an assignment and assumption agreement was executed, effectively

transferring all rights of the seller to plaintiff. Thus, OSJ assumed both the lease with tenant,

Bayal, as well as the guaranty that had been signed by defendant.

       Shortly thereafter, Bayal defaulted on the terms of the lease as a result of its failure to pay

the monthly rental amounts for February 2013, March 2013, and April 2013. 3 On May 10, 2013,



1
  The record indicates that the rent commencement date was September 30, 2012.
2
  The monthly rent for the second, third, fourth, and fifth years was as follows: $4,120.00,
$4,243.60, $4,370.91, $4,502.04.
3
  The defendant claims that Bayal’s inability to pay rent was due to OSJ’s failure to plow the
premises during a snowstorm on February 8, 2013. He maintains that OSJ “knew or should have
known to plow the [premises]” and, therefore, OSJ willfully breached section 19.2 of the lease.
Section 19.2 of the lease provided that “Landlord agrees to maintain and operate, or cause to be
maintained or operated * * *, such Common Area at all times following completion thereof for


                                                -2-
plaintiff sent Bayal a letter, which was addressed to the attention of Diene, demanding $12,686

in overdue rent, interest, and fees. 4   Following this letter, plaintiff received a check from

defendant in the amount of $8,000. When Bayal failed to satisfy the outstanding amount from

the May 10, 2013 letter, plaintiff again corresponded with Bayal, demanding Bayal pay the

remaining $8,890.67 “[i]n order to fully cure [the] [d]efault and avoid termination of the Lease.”

Ominously, both letters reminded defendant “that under the terms of the Guaranty that [he]

executed on January 26, 2012, [he], as Guarantor, [was] responsible for all amounts due and

owing to Landlord under the Lease.”

       Subsequently, on June 24, 2013, after receiving no further payments, plaintiff filed a

complaint for eviction for nonpayment of rent. About a month later, the parties entered into a

stipulated judgment. The terms of the stipulation provided that judgment would enter against

Bayal in the amount of $16,907.81. The stipulation further specified that “[a]ll other terms and

conditions of the lease between the parties [would] remain in full force and effect.”

       On January 27, 2014, after Bayal failed to make any payments pursuant to the stipulated

judgment, plaintiff filed a complaint against defendant for default on the guaranty. Along with

his answer, defendant filed a counterclaim against plaintiff, which was later dismissed. The

plaintiff then moved for summary judgment. After a hearing in March 2015, judgment was




the benefit and use of Tenant * * *.” Nevertheless, the issue of Bayal’s default is not before this
Court. Significantly, the parties entered into a stipulated judgment, under the terms of which
Bayal was responsible for $16,907.81. Execution of the judgment for possession was stayed
provided Bayal made a lump sum payment in partial satisfaction and periodic payments to cure
the default. Clearly, this was a judicial admission that Bayal had breached the lease because it
had failed to pay the rent set forth in the lease.
4
  Notably, defendant was the sole officer and director of Bayal; thus, the salutation of OSJ’s
letter appropriately addressed him by name.


                                               -3-
entered in favor of plaintiff and against defendant as to defendant’s liability under the guaranty. 5

After a subsequent hearing in August 2015 to determine the amount of damages owed to OSJ,

judgment was entered in favor of plaintiff and against defendant in the amount of $37,760.04. 6

The defendant timely appealed to this Court.

                                                 II

                                       Standard of Review

       “This Court reviews de novo a trial justice’s decision granting summary judgment.”

Rose v. Brusini, 149 A.3d 135, 139 (R.I. 2016) (quoting Sola v. Leighton, 45 A.3d 502, 506 (R.I.

2012)). “We will affirm a [trial] court’s decision only if, after reviewing the admissible evidence

in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, we conclude that no genuine issue of material

fact exists and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Newstone

Development, LLC v. East Pacific, LLC, 140 A.3d 100, 103 (R.I. 2016) (quoting Daniels v.

Fluette, 64 A.3d 302, 304 (R.I. 2013)). Furthermore, “[t]he party opposing ‘a motion for

summary judgment carries the burden of proving by competent evidence the existence of a

disputed material issue of fact and cannot rest on allegations or denials in the pleadings or on

conclusions or legal opinions.’” Rose, 149 A.3d at 140 (quoting National Refrigeration, Inc. v.

Standen Contracting Co., 942 A.2d 968, 971 (R.I. 2008)).

                                                III

                                             Analysis

       On appeal, defendant argues that (1) plaintiff’s suit is untimely because it was filed three

months after the guaranty had expired; (2) the hearing justice erred when he refused to permit a

5
  Importantly, the pro se defendant did not provide a transcript of the March 2015 hearing on
plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment to this Court. During oral argument, defendant
indicated that he had ordered the transcript, but that he had not filed it with the clerk’s office.
6
  Again, defendant has not provided us with a transcript of the August 2015 hearing.


                                                -4-
defense that plaintiff breached the lease first; and (3) the hearing justice erred when he awarded

plaintiff’s attorney’s fees and “extra” rent as part of the assessment of damages.

          “The formation of a guaranty contract, like any other contract, is governed by the

principles of mutual assent, adequate consideration, definiteness, and meeting of the minds.” 38

Am. Jur. 2d Guaranty § 1 at 948 (2010). After formation is established, a court can employ

judicial construction of an agreement if it first finds that the agreement is ambiguous. See W.P.

Associates v. Forcier, Inc., 637 A.2d 353, 356 (R.I. 1994). However, “[i]f the court finds that the

terms of an agreement are clear and unambiguous, the task of judicial construction is at an end

and the agreement must be applied as written.” Id. (citing Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. v.

Graziano, 587 A.2d 916, 917 (R.I. 1991)). To determine whether the terms of the agreement are

clear and unambiguous, the agreement “must be viewed in its entirety and its language be given

its plain, ordinary and usual meaning.” Id. (citing Antone v. Vickers, 610 A.2d 120, 123 (R.I.

1992)).

          Significantly, the validity of neither the lease nor the guaranty has been raised.

Furthermore, it has not been argued that there is any ambiguity in either document. Therefore,

the language of the agreement will be given its plain and ordinary meaning.

          In our opinion, defendant’s statute of limitations argument is misplaced. The expiration

of the guaranty is a term of the agreement that is unrelated to the statute of limitations for a

breach of guaranty claim. 7 Here, the guaranty was to “expire on the last day of the twelfth (12th)

full month following the Rent Commencement Date (as defined in the Lease).” Therefore, the

expiration date was September 30, 2013. The defendant is simply incorrect when he argues that



7
 The statute of limitations for bringing a breach of contract claim is ten years. See G.L. 1956 §
9-1-13. There can be no dispute that plaintiff filed its breach of guaranty claim well within the
applicable ten years.


                                                -5-
this was the last day that plaintiff could have brought its claim against him. The defendant cites

to Order of United Commercial Travelers of America v. Wolfe, 331 U.S. 586, 608 (1947), for the

proposition that, “in the absence of a controlling statute to the contrary, a provision in a contract

may validly limit, between the parties, the time for bringing an action on such contract to a

period less than that prescribed in the general statute of limitations * * *.” Although that is an

accurate statement, no such provision existed in the guaranty before us here.           Rather, the

guarantor, Diene, guaranteed “the full and prompt payment when due, of all rents, charges and

additional sums coming due under said Lease” until September 30, 2013. This does not mean

that plaintiff had only until September 30, 2013 to bring an action against defendant; this date

signified when the guaranty would “cease[] to exist.” Black’s Law Dictionary 700 (10th ed.

2014) (defining “expiration date”). Therefore, it is our opinion that defendant’s argument is

without merit and plaintiff’s claim was not time-barred.

       The defendant’s next contention is that summary judgment was inappropriate because

genuine issues of material fact still remained. Specifically, defendant argues that the hearing

justice erred when he refused to allow defendant to argue that plaintiff breached the lease first. 8

As we have explained earlier, Bayal’s liability to plaintiff was decided in the eviction action in

the District Court, and defendant has guaranteed that liability. He cannot now raise defenses to

that action. Therefore, we will not entertain his second bite at the apple.

       Finally, the defendant asserts that the hearing justice erred when he granted the plaintiff

attorney’s fees and “extra” rent under the guaranty. As we have elucidated earlier in this

opinion, the terms of the guaranty are clear and unambiguous, and, therefore, the language of the

8
  The plaintiff, however, argues that defendant was indeed allowed to present his defense that
OSJ breached the lease. Although it is difficult for us to fully ascertain what occurred in the
lower court without a transcript of the hearings, we have reviewed the lower court record to the
extent possible to determine what may have transpired.


                                                -6-
agreement will be given its plain and ordinary meaning. The guaranty expressly provided for

attorney’s fees when it included the following: “the undersigned further agree[s] to pay all

expenses, including attorneys’ fees and legal expenses, paid or incurred by Landlord in

endeavoring to collect or enforce the Liabilities or any part thereof and in enforcing this

Guaranty.” Furthermore, the lease contained an “Additional Rent” provision, which included

“all sums of money required to be paid pursuant to the terms of Article 8 (Utilities and Air

Conditioning) and 17 (Repairs and Maintenance), and all other sums of money or charges

required to be paid by Tenant under this Lease * * *.” The guaranty also provided for this when

it included that “the full and prompt payment when due, of all rents, charges and additional sums

coming due under said Lease * * *.” (Emphasis added.) Accordingly, it is our opinion that the

hearing justice appropriately gave the language of the guaranty its plain and ordinary meaning

and properly determined the damages that the defendant owed to OSJ.             Therefore, after

reviewing the admissible evidence in the light most favorable to the defendant, we conclude that

no genuine issue of material fact exists and that the hearing justice appropriately granted the

plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment.

                                               IV

                                           Conclusion

       For the foregoing reasons, the defendant’s appeal is denied and the judgment appealed

from is affirmed. The papers in this case are remanded to the Superior Court.




                                              -7-
STATE OF RHODE ISLAND AND                                   PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS



                         SUPREME COURT – CLERK’S OFFICE

                                 OPINION COVER SHEET

Title of Case                        OSJ of Providence, LLC v. Aly T. Diene
                                     No. 2016-14-Appeal.
Case Number
                                     (PC 14-436)
Date Opinion Filed                   February 24, 2017
                                     Suttell, C.J., Goldberg, Flaherty, Robinson, and
Justices
                                     Indeglia, JJ.
Written By                           Associate Justice Francis X. Flaherty

Source of Appeal                     Providence County Superior Court

Judicial Officer From Lower Court    Associate Justice Jeffrey A. Lanphear
                                     For Plaintiff:

                                     Lisa A. Adelman, Esq.
Attorney(s) on Appeal
                                     For Defendant:

                                     Aly T. Diene, Pro Se




SU-CMS-02A (revised June 2016)
