                            STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

                          SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS


State of West Virginia,
Plaintiff Below, Respondent                                                      FILED
                                                                            September 5, 2017
vs) No. 16-0815 (Braxton County 16-F-11)                                       RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
                                                                             SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                 OF WEST VIRGINIA
Keith Rodenbach,
Defendant Below, Petitioner


                              MEMORANDUM DECISION
        Petitioner Keith Rodenbach, by counsel Melissa T. Roman, appeals the Circuit Court of
Braxton County’s August 2, 2016, order sentencing him to two terms of incarceration for not less
than one nor more than ten years following his guilty plea to one count each of grand larceny and
forgery, which were ordered to run consecutively. The State, by counsel Benjamin F. Yancey III,
filed a response. On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying his motion
for alternative sentencing and in sentencing him to consecutive terms of imprisonment.

        This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

        On October 29, 2015, petitioner stole a 2004 Ford truck and forged the signature on a
sales receipt for goods in the amount of $87.98. On April 25, 2016, petitioner was charged by
way of information with one count of grand larceny and one count of forgery. On that same date,
petitioner waived his right to prosecution by indictment and pled guilty to the charges in the
information. In exchange for petitioner’s plea of guilty, the State dismissed all other criminal
matters pending against petitioner and agreed to stand silent at sentencing. The circuit court
accepted petitioner’s plea, ordered a pre-sentence investigation report, and set the matter for
sentencing on a later date.

        On June 7, 2016, petitioner moved for probation or, in the alternative, home confinement.
At petitioner’s sentencing hearing, held on this same date, he was sentenced to imprisonment for
not less than one year nor more than ten years on each count. Petitioner’s motion for alternative
sentencing was denied, and his sentences were ordered to run consecutively. On August 2, 2016,
the circuit court entered its sentencing order memorializing petitioner’s sentence, having
determined that petitioner was a poor candidate for alternative sentencing on account of his prior
criminal history, the nature of the offenses committed, his prior parole violations, his failure to
benefit from prior opportunities, and his potential to re-offend. Petitioner appeals this order.

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        Petitioner contends on appeal that the circuit court erred in denying his motion for
alternative sentencing. He argues that he was a good candidate for alternative sentencing because
he cooperated with law enforcement, was remorseful for his actions, accepted responsibility by
pleading guilty, and had a plan for reintegration into society. Petitioner also argues that the
circuit court’s imposition of consecutive sentences was overly harsh and disproportionate to his
crimes under both the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution1 and article III,
section 5 of the West Virginia Constitution.2

        This Court reviews sentencing orders “under a deferential abuse of discretion standard,
unless the order violates statutory or constitutional commands.” Syl. Pt. 1, in part, State v.
Adams, 211 W.Va. 231, 565 S.E.2d 353 (2002). This Court finds that the circuit court did not
abuse its discretion in denying petitioner’s request for alternative sentencing. Simply,
“[p]robation is a matter of grace and not a matter of right.” Syl. Pt. 1, State v. Rose, 156 W.Va.
342, 342, 192 S.E.2d 884, 885 (1972). Likewise, a circuit court retains discretion in ordering
home confinement: “As a condition of probation or bail or as an alternative sentence to another
form of incarceration for any criminal violation of this code over which a circuit court has
jurisdiction, a circuit court may order an offender confined to the offender’s home for a period of
home incarceration.” W. Va. Code § 62-11B-4(a) (emphasis added). Despite petitioner’s
assertion that he was a good candidate for alternative sentencing, the circuit court found
otherwise in noting petitioner’s prior criminal history, the nature of the offenses committed in
this case, his prior parole violations, his failure to benefit from prior opportunities, and his
likelihood to re-offend. Thus, we find no error in the circuit court’s denial of petitioner’s request
for alternative sentencing.

        With respect to petitioner’s contention that his sentences were disproportionate to his
crimes, we have held that “[s]entences imposed by the trial court, if within statutory limits and if
not based on some [im]permissible factor, are not subject to appellate review.” Syl. Pt. 4, State v.
Goodnight, 169 W.Va. 366, 287 S.E.2d 504 (1982). Petitioner was convicted of grand larceny, in
violation of West Virginia Code § 61-3-13(a), and forgery, in violation of West Virginia Code §
61-4-5(a). Upon conviction of grand larceny, a person “shall be imprisoned in the penitentiary
not less than one nor more than ten years, or, in the discretion of the court, be confined in jail not
more than one year and shall be fined not more than two thousand five hundred dollars.” W. Va.
Code § 61-3-13(a). Upon conviction of forgery, a person “shall be confined in the penitentiary
not less than one nor more than ten years, or, in the discretion of the court, be confined in jail not
more than one year and be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars.” W. Va. Code § 61-4-5(a).
Petitioner was sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one nor more than ten years of
incarceration on his grand larceny conviction, and to not less than one nor more than ten years on
his forgery conviction. Because his sentences are within statutory limits, and because petitioner
       1
         The federal prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment provides that “[e]xcessive
bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflicted.” U.S. Const. Amend. VIII.
       2
        In relevant part, article III, section 5 of the West Virginia Constitution states that
“[e]xcessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual
punishment inflicted. Penalties shall be proportioned to the character and degree of the offence.”
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has not alleged any impermissible factors, these sentences are not subject to appellate review.

         Accordingly, for the foregoing reasons, we affirm the circuit court’s August 2, 2016,
order.

                                                                                         Affirmed.

ISSUED: September 5, 2017

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Allen H. Loughry II
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker

DISSENTING:

Justice Robin Jean Davis




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