             IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

                                 AT KNOXVILLE             FILED
                           NOVEMBER 1997 SESSION
                                                           January 8, 1998

                                                          Cecil Crowson, Jr.
                                                          Appellate C ourt Clerk

STATE OF TENNESSEE,                 )
                                    )
                     APPELLEE,      )
                                    )    No. 03-C-01-9702-CC-00051
                                    )
                                    )    Blount County
v.                                  )
                                    )    D. Kelly Thomas, Jr., Judge
                                    )
                                    )    (Nonsupport)
RONALD K. KELLER,                   )
                                    )
                    APPELLANT.      )



FOR THE APPELLANT:                       FOR THE APPELLEE:

Raymond Mack Garner                      John Knox Walkup
District Public Defender                 Attorney General & Reporter
419 High Street                          500 Charlotte Avenue
Maryville, TN 37804                      Nashville, TN 37243-0497

                                         Peter M. Coughlan
                                         Assistant Attorney General
                                         450 James Robertson Parkway
                                         Nashville, TN 37243-0493

                                         Michael L. Flynn
                                         District Attorney General
                                         Blount County Courthouse
                                         363 Court Street
                                         Maryville, TN 37804-5906

                                         Edward P. Bailey, Jr.
                                         Assistant District Attorney General
                                         Blount County Courthouse
                                         363 Court Street
                                         Maryville, TN 37804-5906




OPINION FILED:_________________________________


AFFIRMED


Joe B. Jones, Presiding Judge
                                    OPINION


       The appellant, Ronald K. Keller (defendant), was convicted of nonsupport, a Class

A misdemeanor, following a bench trial. The trial court sentenced the defendant to

confinement for eleven months and twenty-nine days in the Blount County Jail. In this

court, the defendant contends (a) the evidence contained in the record is insufficient, as

a matter of law, to support his conviction because the State of Tennessee failed to prove

beyond a reasonable doubt that he had sufficient funds to pay child support when the

support was due; and (b) the record establishes he honestly believed his obligation to pay

child support had been terminated because three of his children had been adopted by their

stepfather. After a thorough review of the record, the briefs submitted by the parties, and

the law governing the issues presented for review, it is the opinion of this court that the

judgment of the trial court should be affirmed.

       The indictment charged the defendant with nonsupport between December 10, 1991

and March 31, 1992. It is alleged the arrearage of the defendant’s obligation to support

his children totaled $6,917.86.

       The defendant and Gwen Keller Beem1 were married for approximately twenty years

before their marriage was dissolved by a decree of divorce in June of 1984. Four children

were born to this union. The oldest daughter had reached her majority prior to the time

alleged in the indictment. The decree of divorce and a subsequent modification of the

decree required the defendant to pay child support.

       The defendant met his child support obligation pursuant to the decree for

approximately one and one-half years. Thereafter, the defendant failed to comply with the

terms of the decree. The defendant was subsequently cited for criminal contempt. On

November 14, 1989, the circuit court, exercising civil jurisdiction, found the defendant guilty

of criminal contempt and ordered the defendant to serve ten days in the Blount County Jail.

The court stated if the defendant paid one-half of his arrearage, the sentence would be

suspended. The defendant made a payment of $1,500 to help liquidate the arrearage.




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           Mrs. Beem remarried in February of 1990.

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      The defendant made no monthly payments during 1990 and 1991. He did pay

$2,000 in child support towards the end of 1990. When the defendant returned to Blount

County, he was arrested by a law enforcement officer pursuant to an order of the circuit

court. The court required the defendant to post a $2,500 cash bond before he could be

released from custody. When the defendant failed to appear, the court declared a

forfeiture and ordered the cash bond to be used to satisfy a portion of the child support

arrearage. The state introduced records to establish the amount of the arrearage the

defendant owed. These records established the defendant had not been paying child

support as ordered by the civil court’s decree.

       Mrs. Beem’s husband desired to adopt the three children who had not reached their

majority. The suit for adoption was filed. Since Mrs. Beem did not know how to reach the

defendant to obtain his consent for the adoption, she discussed the matter with the

defendant’s mother. She explained that, if he would consent to the adoption, his obligation

to pay child support in the future would be extinguished but not the arrearage that had

accumulated. The defendant never contacted Mrs. Beem about the adoption of his

children.

        The oldest child, who had reached her majority, received sporadic telephone calls

from the defendant. She discussed the adoption issue with him. According to the

defendant, his feelings were hurt when he learned the children’s stepfather wanted to

adopt his children. The adoption suit was ultimately dismissed.

       The defendant testified in support of his defense. He stated, “I understood . . . the

children had been adopted.” According to the defendant, someone who worked at the

courthouse told his mother or his father the suit for adoption had been filed, his consent

would not be necessary, and the adoption could be granted without his consent. He did

not know who provided this information to his family. He testified he was told the adoption

suit was filed in June of 1990. He received this information between June and September

of 1990. When asked when he realized his support obligation had not been terminated by

the adoption of his children, he stated this fact was apparent when he was arrested for

failure to pay child support. He admitted he did not raise the issue of adoption following

his arrest. Nor did he attempt to determine whether a decree of adoption had been



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entered, or, if not, determine the amount of child support he owed. The trial court found

the defendant was employed “almost continuously” during the time frame alleged in the

indictment.

         During direct examination, the defendant testified, “I could have paid some [child

support]. I don’t know whether I could have paid it all or not. If I had thought, I could have

paid some on it.”

         When an accused challenges the sufficiency of the convicting evidence, this court

must review the record to determine if the evidence adduced during the trial is sufficient

“to support the finding by the trier of fact of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.” Tenn. R.

App. P. 13(e). This rule is applicable to findings of guilt based upon direct evidence,

circumstantial evidence, or a combination of direct and circumstantial evidence. State v.

Dykes, 803 S.W.2d 250, 253 (Tenn. Crim. App.), per. app. denied (Tenn. 1990).

         In determining the sufficiency of the convicting evidence, this court does not reweigh

or reevaluate the evidence. State v. Matthews, 805 S.W.2d 776, 779 (Tenn. Crim. App.),

per. app. denied (Tenn. 1990). Nor may this Court substitute its inferences for those drawn

by the trier of fact from circumstantial evidence. Liakas v. State, 199 Tenn. 298, 305, 286

S.W.2d 856, 859, cert. denied, 352 U.S. 845, 77 S.Ct. 39, 1 L.Ed.2d 49 (1956). To the

contrary, this court is required to afford the State of Tennessee the strongest legitimate

view of the evidence contained in the record as well as all reasonable legitimate inferences

which may be drawn from the evidence. State v. Cabbage, 571 S.W.2d 832, 835 (Tenn.

1978).

         Questions concerning the credibility of the witnesses, the weight and value to be

given the evidence, as well as all factual issues raised by the evidence are resolved by the

trier of fact, not this court. Cabbage, 571 S.W.2d at 835. In State v. Grace, 493 S.W.2d

474, 476 (Tenn. 1973) our Supreme Court said: “A guilty verdict by the jury, approved by

the trial judge, accredits the testimony of the witnesses for the State and resolves all

conflicts in favor of the theory of the State.”

         Since a verdict of guilt removes the presumption of innocence and replaces it with

a presumption of guilt, the accused, as the appellant, has the burden in this court of

illustrating why the evidence is insufficient to support the verdict returned by the trier of



                                                  4
fact. State v. Tuggle, 639 S.W.2d 913, 914 (Tenn. 1982). This court will not disturb a

verdict of guilt due to the sufficiency of the evidence unless the facts contained in the

record are insufficient, as a matter of law, for a rational trier of fact to find that the accused

is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Tuggle, 639 S.W.2d at 914.

       The evidence contained in the record is clearly sufficient to support a finding by a

rational trier of fact that the defendant was guilty of nonsupport beyond a reasonable

doubt. Tenn. R. App. P. 13(e). The record establishes the defendant had a legal duty of

support to his children pursuant to the divorce decree and the subsequent modification of

the decree. The evidence is clear the defendant had the ability to pay child support during

this period of time, and he deliberately failed to satisfy his legal obligation to support the

children. He attempts to justify his actions by claiming he “assumed” the children had been

adopted. The record is clear the children were not adopted by Beem’s husband. The suit

for adoption was ultimately dismissed.

        The defendant did not have the right to “assume” the children were adopted based

upon information from an unknown source that a suit for adoption had been filed and his

consent was not required. Moreover, when he had an opportunity to assert the fact the

children had been adopted and his obligation to support the children had been

extinguished, he failed to do so. He made no effort to determine the validity of his

assumption by checking with the clerk’s office. Nor did he make an effort to determine the

amount of his arrearage while he had the opportunity to do so. His explanation for these

failures: he just did not know why he failed in this regard.

       The trial court did not believe the defendant. The court found the defendant’s

credibility was “somewhat suspect.” Furthermore, Mrs. Beem never told the defendant’s

relatives she could proceed in the adoption matter without his consent. To the contrary,

she told the defendant’s relatives she needed the defendant’s consent for her husband to

adopt the children, and, if he consented, his obligation to support the children would be

extinguished. No one ever told the defendant a decree had been entered granting the

adoption.




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                          ____________________________________________
                                JOE B. JONES, PRESIDING JUDGE



CONCUR:




______________________________________
      PAUL G. SUMMERS, JUDGE




______________________________________
       CURWOOD WITT, JUDGE




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