                                                                                     May 2 2013


               IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA

                                         DA 13-0209

                                         2013 MT 120
                                      _________________

KATHERINE LOSEY BEALS,

           Petitioner and Appellee,
                                                                 OPINION
     v.                                                           AND
                                                                 ORDER
JASON ERNEST BEALS,

           Respondent and Appellant.
                                  _________________


¶1     Appellant Jason Ernest Beals appeals from the Findings of Fact, Conclusions of

Law, and Final Decree of Dissolution entered by Standing Master Magdalena C. Bowen

of the Eighteenth Judicial District Court, Gallatin County. Appellee Katherine Losey

Beals has filed a motion to dismiss Jason’s appeal, with a supporting brief. Jason has

responded to Katherine’s motion, and Katherine was granted leave to file a reply. We

determine that Katherine’s motion is well-taken.

¶2     The following issue is presented for review: Whether a party may appeal directly

to this Court from the decision of a standing master.

                 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

¶3     Katherine and Jason were married in Gallatin County in 2004. They remained

married for approximately five years until separating in October 2009. During the period

of their marriage, Katherine and Jason had three children and accumulated both real and

personal property.


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¶4    Katherine filed a petition for dissolution in the District Court on September 27,

2010. Following protracted discovery and motion proceedings, the matter came before

Standing Master Bowen for a contested two-day hearing on June 21 and 22, 2012.

Katherine was represented by counsel, and Jason represented himself. On February 22,

2013, Standing Master Bowen issued her Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, and

Final Decree of Dissolution, which incorporated by reference a Final Parenting Plan.

Katherine filed a Notice of Entry of Judgment on March 4, 2013.

¶5    After the final decree was entered, Jason retained counsel, who filed a notice of

appearance on March 21, 2013. Jason, through counsel, filed a notice of appeal in this

Court on March 22 and in the District Court on March 25. Jason did not file any

objections in the District Court to the Standing Master’s findings and conclusions within

the ten-day period prescribed by § 3-5-126(2), MCA.1

                                     DISCUSSION

¶6    On July 1, 2010, the judges of the Eighteenth Judicial District Court issued a

standing order pursuant to § 3-5-124(1), MCA, to refer domestic relations cases to a

standing master. The standing master position was created to provide assistance to the

District Court judges in managing the large volume of filings in the area of family law.

As stated in the Second Amended Standing Order of Reference, dated April 1, 2013, the

      1
          The District Court record contains a document, filed by Katherine on March 25,
captioned “Petitioner’s Response to Respondent’s Motion for Extension of Time to
Submit Specific Objections.” The document refers to a “Motion For Extension of Time
To Submit Specific Objections to the Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law And Decree,”
which Jason evidently prepared and served on Katherine, but did not file with the court.
The District Court directed that Katherine’s response be filed in the record. She argues in
it that Jason had not shown grounds for avoiding the ten-day deadline.

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guidelines and procedures for the powers of the standing master are governed by

§§ 3-5-124 through -126, MCA. The standing order further provides:

              4.     Pursuant to § 3-5-126(1), MCA, and Rule 52(a), M.R.Civ.P.,
       the Standing Master shall file and serve written findings of fact,
       conclusions of law, and a dispositive order for all contested proceedings
       tried upon the facts. The Standing Master shall file and serve a dispositive
       written decision and order for all contested proceedings not tried upon the
       facts. In a contested proceeding the provisions of § 3-5-126(2), MCA, for
       serving written specific objections shall apply.
              5.     In uncontested proceedings, this Court presumes that the
       parties are appearing before the Standing Master upon agreement for
       resolution of the issues presented to the Standing Master and for which
       there would be no objections to the findings of fact and conclusions of law
       and/or order or decree filed by the Standing Master. Accordingly, in an
       uncontested proceeding the Standing Master’s findings of fact and
       conclusions of law and/or order or decree shall be deemed to be the final
       order of the Court. Consequently, the objection procedure specified in
       § 3-5-126, MCA, shall not apply to any uncontested proceeding.

Second Amend. Standing Or. of Ref., In the Matter of Referring Cases to the Standing

Master 3-4 (Mont. 18th Jud. Dist. Apr. 1, 2013) (underlining/emphases in original).

¶7     The standing order is consistent with statutory provisions concerning the

appointment, procedure, and powers of a standing master.         Section 3-5-126, MCA,

particularly provides:

              (2) Within 10 days after being served with notice of the filing of the
       findings and conclusions or order, any party may serve written specific
       objections upon the other parties or may apply to the court for an extension
       to serve. Application to the court for action upon the findings and
       conclusions or order and upon the filing of specific objections to the
       findings and conclusions or order must be by motion and upon notice as
       prescribed in Rule 6(d) of the Montana Rules of Civil Procedure. The
       court, after a hearing, may adopt the findings and conclusions or order and
       may modify, reject in whole or in part, receive further evidence, or
       recommit the findings and conclusions or order with instructions.
              (3) The effect of a standing master’s report is the same whether or
       not the parties have consented to the reference, but when the parties


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       stipulate that a standing master’s findings of fact are final, only questions of
       law arising upon the findings and conclusions may be considered.

¶8     Katherine maintains that there can be no direct appeal from a standing master’s

ruling where the appellant has failed to make specific objections to those findings in the

district court. Katherine cites In re Marriage of McMichael, 2006 MT 237, 333 Mont.

517, 143 P.3d 439, as support for her position. Jason, on the other hand, argues that,

under § 3-5-113(1)(c), MCA, an appeal may be taken directly to this Court from the

decree of a standing master because the standing master’s decree has the same force and

effect as if made or rendered by the district court.

¶9     Beginning first with Jason’s argument, his reference to § 3-5-113(1)(c), MCA, is

incorrect, as that statutory provision relates specifically to special masters and not

standing masters such as in this case. A special master may preside over a civil action if

his or her designation is “agreed upon in writing by the parties litigant or their attorneys

of record” and he or she is appointed by the court as provided in § 3-5-115 or 3-20-102,

MCA,2 and “sworn to try the cause before entering upon the duties in trying the cause.”

Section 3-5-113(1)(a), MCA. A special master “has the authority and power of an

elected district court judge in the particular civil action,” § 3-5-113(1)(b), MCA, and

“[a]ny order, judgment, or decree made or rendered in a civil case by the . . . special

master has the same force and effect as if made or rendered by the district court with the

regular judge presiding,” § 3-5-113(1)(c), MCA. Thus, § 3-5-113, MCA, addresses the

       2
         Section 3-5-115, MCA, relates to the appointment of a judge pro tempore and
waiver of the right to trial by jury. It is, therefore, inapplicable to these proceedings.
Section 3-20-102, MCA, concerns the appointment of an asbestos claims judge and is
similarly inapplicable here.

                                              4
circumstance in which the parties have agreed to effectively replace the district court

judge with a special master and thereby render an appeal directly to this Court the only

procedure by which to obtain review.

¶10    The appointment of a standing master, however, is controlled by different

statutory provisions (namely, §§ 3-5-124 through -126, MCA) and, in this instance, by

the standing order entered by the judges of the Eighteenth Judicial District Court. The

method for obtaining review of a decision made by a standing master is for the party to

file with the district court written specific objections within ten days after being served

with notice of the filing of the standing master’s findings and conclusions or order.

Section 3-5-126(2), MCA. Thereafter, the district court may—following a hearing—

adopt, reject (in whole or in part), or modify the findings and conclusions or order.

Section 3-5-126(2), MCA. The district court may also conduct additional proceedings on

the objections and receive further evidence. Section 3-5-126(2), MCA. The language of

§ 3-5-126(2), MCA, and the standing order is clear as to the procedures which must be

employed in order to obtain review. Following review by a district court of the specific

objections, an aggrieved party may then file an appeal in this Court.

¶11    We have previously considered a party’s failure to object to a standing master’s

findings and conclusions. In McMichael, ¶¶ 15-16, we determined that a district court

could not modify a standing master’s findings and conclusions unless a specific objection

had first been made by one of the parties. While Jason argues that his objections can be

made directly to this Court, McMichael demonstrates that we have required specific




                                             5
objections to be made to the standing master’s findings and conclusions in the district

court, before any modifications may be made.

¶12    As we stated in McMichael, “[a] reading of § 3-5-126(2), MCA, in its entirety

demonstrates that a district court may modify a finding of fact or conclusion of law only

to which a party has filed a ‘specific objection.’ The legislature twice referenced the

requirement that parties file ‘specific objections’ to the findings or conclusions of a

standing master.” McMichael, ¶ 15. Thus, § 3-5-126(2), MCA, and the District Court’s

standing order require that Jason, as a prerequisite for perfecting his appeal to this Court,

first file specific objections in the District Court to the Standing Master’s Findings of

Fact, Conclusions of Law, and Final Decree of Dissolution. In accordance with the

statutory provisions, the District Court would be required to set a hearing, consider the

specific objections raised, and accept, modify, or reject the Standing Master’s findings

and conclusions or conduct further proceedings regarding the objections.

¶13    These procedures were not followed in this case. Jason did not file objections to

the Standing Master’s findings and conclusions within the allotted ten-day period. It

appears that he initially considered a request for an extension of time for submitting his

objections, see ¶ 5 n. 1, supra, but then commenced an appeal with this Court instead.

Appealing directly to this Court was incorrect for the reasons set forth above.

Furthermore, the District Court record does not reflect that an “[a]pplication to the court

for action upon the findings and conclusions or order [of the Standing Master]” was ever

requested. Section 3-5-126(2), MCA. Until such time as the District Court enters a final

decision in accordance with § 3-5-126(2), MCA, an appeal to this Court is not ripe.


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¶14   Accordingly, based on the foregoing,

¶15   IT IS ORDERED that this appeal is DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE.

      Dated this 2nd day of May, 2013.

                                                 /S/ LAURIE McKINNON



We Concur:


/S/ MIKE McGRATH
/S/ BETH BAKER
/S/ MICHAEL E WHEAT
/S/ JIM RICE




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