141 F.3d 1290
Harold BRYAN, Appellant,v.Roger V. ENDELL, Former Director, Individually and inOfficial Capacity, Arkansas Department of Correction;Willis H. Sargent, Warden, Diagnostic Unit, Individually andin Official Capacity, Arkansas Department of Correction;John Byus, Individually and in his Official Capacity asMedical Services Administrator of the Arkansas Department ofCorrection;  Sandy Clements, Individually and in OfficialCapacity as Infirmary Supervisor for PHP HealthcareCorporation;  H.B. Bailey, Individually and in OfficialCapacity as X-ray Technician for PHP Healthcare Corporation;and Donna Taylor, Nurse, Individually and in OfficialCapacity as Practicing Nurse for PHP Healthcare Corporation,Appellees.
No. 97-1393.
United States Court of Appeals,Eighth Circuit.
Submitted April 14, 1998.Decided April 23, 1998.

James F. Swindoll, Little Rock, AR, for Appellant.
David B. Eberhard, Asst.Atty. Gen., Little Rock, AR (J. Michael Lewis, Pine Bluff, AR, on the brief), for Appellees.
Before RICHARD S. ARNOLD,1 Chief Judge, LAY and LOKEN, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM.


1
This is an action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 brought by an inmate of the Arkansas Department of Correction.  The claim is that the defendants were deliberately indifferent to a serious medical need of the plaintiff, to his damage, thereby violating the Eighth Amendment, as made applicable to the states by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.  The parties consented to disposition by a magistrate judge, and the plaintiff waived his right to trial by jury.  The case was tried, and the judge2 announced his findings of fact and conclusion of law from the bench the next day.


2
We applaud this practice.  Many cases, especially those in which the trial has been short, can be best disposed of in this way.  The witnesses and events are fresh in the judge's mind, and the parties and their lawyers usually prefer a prompt disposition to a more elaborate opinion which would require some days or weeks to prepare.


3
On appeal, of course, we review the findings of fact of the District Court under the clearly erroneous standard.  Fed.R.Civ.P. 52(a);  Estate of Davis by Ostenfeld v. Delo, 115 F.3d 1388, 1393 (8th Cir.1997).  There is no doubt that the plaintiff had a serious medical need.  His hand had been broken.  There is also no doubt that the medical care given him left something to be desired.  There was some delay in treating the hand properly, and this delay has apparently made surgery impractical.  But even if the treatment was inadequate, and even if the inadequacy would have amounted to negligence in a state-law tort case claiming medical malpractice, more must be shown to establish a constitutional violation.  There must be actual knowledge of the risk of harm, followed by deliberate inaction amounting to callousness.  See Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 835-37, 114 S.Ct. 1970, 1977-79, 128 L.Ed.2d 811 (1994);  Choate v. Lockhart, 7 F.3d 1370, 1374 (8th Cir.1993).  In the present case the magistrate judge carefully considered the evidence with respect to each of the defendants who were still in the case at the time of trial.  In each instance, the judge found that the defendants did not possess the necessary subjective mental state.  No purpose would be served by detailing the facts.  The judgment is


4
Affirmed.



1
 The Hon.  Richard S. Arnold stepped down as Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit at the close of business on April 17, 1998.  He has been succeeded by the Hon.  Pasco M. Bowman II


2
 The Hon.  John F. Forster, Jr., United States Magistrate Judge for the Eastern District of Arkansas


