
TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN





NO. 03-01-00022-CV



Ford Housing Finance Services d/b/a Associates Housing FinanceServices, Appellant

v.


Virgilio Posada, Appellee






FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 200TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT

NO. GN001204, HONORABLE PAUL DAVIS, JUDGE PRESIDING






	Virgilio Posada sued Ford Housing Finance Services d/b/a Associates Housing
Finance Services ("Finance Services") and Cornerstone Capital Group Inc., d/b/a Cornerstone
Homes of Austin ("Cornerstone Homes") alleging violations of the Deceptive Trade Practices-Consumer Protection Act (DTPA).  See Tex. Bus. & Com. Code Ann. §§ 17.41 et seq. (West 1987
& Supp. 2001).  After Finance Services and Conerstone Homes failed to answer the lawsuit, the
district court rendered a default judgment in favor of Posada.  Raising four issues, Finance Services
brings this restricted appeal seeking to reverse the default judgment.  Finance Services asserts among
other things that error appears on the face of the record because (1) the record fails to show that
Posada strictly complied with the rules of civil procedure regarding service of citation and process,
and (2) Posada's petition failed to allege any type of claim or cause of action against Finance
Services.  We will reverse the judgment of the district court and remand the cause for further
proceedings.

Background

	Posada filed his original petition on April 25, 2000, alleging violations of the DTPA.
According to the petition, on February 12, 1998, Posada executed a contract for sale to purchase a
used manufactured home from Cornerstone Homes.  Posada obtained financing for the purchase
through Finance Services.  Soon after the purchase, Posada discovered that the home had many
defects.  In his petition Posada alleged the following,

Seller is liable for deceptive trade practices under § 17.46 of the Texas Business and
Commerce Code (the Deceptive Trade Practices-Consumer Protect[ion] Act) for
false, misleading and deceptive representations as to the character of the home
purchased by the [buyer].  Inasmuch as conduct of Defendant was knowing, Plaintiff
prays for such punitive damages as are allowed by statute.


	On June 7, 2000, the district court signed a default judgment in favor of Posada
against both Cornerstone Homes and Finance Services.  The court determined that Finance Services
and Cornerstone Homes had been properly served and that Posada was entitled to a default judgment
because the defendants failed to answer the lawsuit.  The court also determined that the allegations
in the petition were admitted and that the damages were liquidated and proved by a written
instrument.  The district court awarded Posada actual and additional damages and attorney's fees. 
	On July 6, 2000, Cornerstone Homes timely filed a motion for new trial and asserted
that the default judgment should be set aside because Cornerstone Homes's failure to answer the
lawsuit was not intentional; that it could demonstrate a meritorious defense; and that there would be
no delay or injury caused by setting aside the judgment.  See Craddock v. Sunshine Bus Lines, Inc.,
133 S.W.2d 124, 126 (Tex. 1939).  Following a hearing, the district court granted Conerstone
Homes's motion for new trial.  Finance Services did not file a motion for new trial.
	On December 5, 2000, Finance Services filed a timely notice of restricted appeal that
stated it did not participate either in person or through counsel in the hearing that resulted in the
default judgment nor did it file a timely post-judgment motion, a request for findings of fact and
conclusions of law or a notice of appeal.  Additionally, Finance Services contended that error
appeared on the face of the record.

Discussion

	To succeed on a restricted appeal one must show:  (1) the appeal was brought within
six months of the date the judgment was signed by the court, (2) by a party to the suit, (3) who did
not participate in the hearing that resulted in the judgment complained of, (4) error must appear on
the face of the record, and (5) the appellant must not have timely filed a post-judgment motion, a
request for findings of fact or conclusions of law, or a timely notice of appeal.  See Tex. Civ. Prac.
& Rem. Code Ann. §§ 51.012, .013 (West 1997); Tex. R. App. P. 26.1(c), 30; Norman
Communications v. Texas Eastman Co., 955 S.W.2d 269, 270 (Tex. 1997) (citing DSC Fin. Corp.
v. Moffitt, 815 S.W.2d 551, 551 (Tex. 1991)); L.P.D. v. R.C., 959 S.W.2d 728, 729-30 (Tex.
App.--Austin 1998, pet. denied).  A restricted appeal affords an appellant the same scope of review
as an ordinary appeal--review of the entire case.  Norman Communications, 955 S.W.2d at 270. 
The only restriction is that the error must appear on the face of the record.  Id. (citing General Elec.
Co. v. Falcon Ridge Apartments, 811 S.W.2d 942, 943 (Tex. 1991)).  The record consists of the
clerk's and the reporter's records and all papers filed with the trial court.  Norman Communications,
955 S.W.2d at 270 (citing DSC Fin. Corp., 815 S.W.2d at 551); L.P.D., 959 S.W.2d at 730. 
	The record establishes that Finance Services filed its restricted appeal within six
months of the date the district court signed the default judgment, it did not participate in the hearing
that resulted in the default judgment and it did not timely file a post-judgment motion, a request for
findings of fact and conclusions of law or a notice of appeal.  The only remaining question is whether
error appears on the face of the record. (1) 
	First, Finance Services contends that error appears on the face of the record and the
default judgment should be reversed because service of citation and process was defective.  The
clerk's record contains a receipt for certified mail and a signed return receipt with an illegible
signature showing that something was sent to Finance Services at "4650 Regent, Coppell, TX
75019."  While these documents could relate to service of citation and process, nothing in the record
affirmatively shows that they do. 
	Before a plaintiff may move for a default judgment, the citation and proof of service
shall be on file with the district clerk for ten days exclusive of the day of filing and the date of
judgment.  Tex. R. Civ. P. 107.  Ordinarily, presumptions are made in support of a judgment
including the presumption of proper and lawful citation and service of process when the judgment
so recites; however, no such presumption can be made in a direct attack upon a default judgment. 
McKanna v. Edgar, 388 S.W.2d 927, 929 (Tex. 1965).  On appeal from a default judgment, the
record must show an appearance by the defendant or due service of citation independent of the
recitals in the judgment.  Flynt v. City of Kingsville, 82 S.W.2d 934 (Tex. 1934).  There are no
presumptions in favor of valid issuance, service, and return of citation in a review of a no-answer
default judgment.  Uvalde Country Club v. Martin Linen Supply Co., 690 S.W.2d 884, 885 (Tex.
1985).  Failure to affirmatively show that the record reflects strict compliance with the rules of civil
procedure renders the attempted service invalid and of no effect.  Id.  A judgment by default without
proper service of citation is void as the court was without jurisdiction to enter a judgment.  Wilson
v. Dunn, 800 S.W.2d 833, 836-37 (Tex. 1990). 
	The clerk's record lacks information that affirmatively shows that Finance Services
was properly served with citation and process.  There is not a copy of the citation or proof of service
in the record.  Further, exhibits attached to Posada's petition reflect business addresses for Finance
Services in Irving, not Coppell.  The exhibits reflect two Irving addresses:  P.O. Box 141475, Irving,
Texas, 75014 and 222 W. Las Colinas Blvd., Ste. 250, Irving, Texas, 75039.  We cannot presume
compliance with the rules governing service and return of citation.  Here, the record does not
affirmatively show that Posada strictly complied with the rules of civil procedure governing citation
and return of service.  Primate Constr., Inc. v. Silver, 884 S.W.2d 151, 152 (Tex. 1994).  Finance
Services's first issue is sustained.
	In its second issue, Finance Services raises an alternative basis for reversing the
default judgment.  Finance Services contends that error appears on the face of the record because
Posada's petition failed to allege facts or assert a cause of action against Finance Services.  A default
judgment must be based on the pleadings filed in the cause.  Stoner v. Thompson, 578 S.W.2d 679,
682 (Tex. 1979).  In determining whether a cause of action has been pleaded, the plaintiff's pleadings
must contain sufficient information for the court to be able, from an examination of the pleadings
alone, to ascertain with reasonable certainty and without resorting to information outside the
pleadings the elements of the plaintiff's cause of action and the relief sought.  Id. at 683.  Mere
formalities, minor defects and technical insufficiencies will not invalidate a default judgment where
the petition states a cause of action and gives fair notice to the opposing party of the relief sought. 
Id. 
	The only cause of action alleged in Posada's petition was that the "seller," which the
petition defined as Cornerstone Homes, "is liable for deceptive trade practices under § 17.46 of the
Texas Business and Commerce Code (the Deceptive Trade Practices-Consumer Protect[ion] Act)
for false, misleading and deceptive representations as to the character of the home purchased by [the
buyer]."  The petition only mentions that Posada "obtained financing through Ford Housing Finance
Services."  
	Examining Posada's petition upon which the default judgment is based, we are unable
to ascertain the elements of Posada's claim or cause of action against Finance Services.  There are
no factual allegations in the petition that would give rise to a cause of action against Finance
Services.  The only alleged fact concerning Finance Services--that Posada obtained financing
there--does not give rise to a cause of action against Finance Services.  Without a claim or cause
of action alleged in the petition against Finance Services, the default judgment cannot stand. 
Accordingly, Finance Services's second issue is sustained.  
Conclusion

	We hold that error appears on the face of the record for two reasons:  (1) the record
does not affirmatively show that Posada complied with the rules of civil procedure regarding service
of citation and process, and (2) Posada's petition does not state a claim or cause of action against
Finance Services.  Consequently, it is unnecessary for us to address Finance Services's remaining
two issues.  The default judgment is reversed and the cause is remanded to the district court for
further proceedings.


  
					Bea Ann Smith, Justice
Before Justices Kidd, B. A. Smith and Puryear
Reversed and Remanded
Filed:   October 18, 2001
Do Not Publish
1.        Posada declined to file an appellee's brief.  

