                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION                          FILED
                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MAR 1 2017
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT



 WILLIAM ROBERT DIXON,                           No. 15-16728

                  Plaintiff-Appellant,           D.C. No. 3:13-cv-00586-RCJ-VPC

   v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
 ROBERT LeGRAND, Warden; et al.,

                  Defendants-Appellees.

                    Appeal from the United States District Court
                             for the District of Nevada
                    Robert Clive Jones, District Judge, Presiding

                           Submitted February 14, 2017**

Before:       GOODWIN, FARRIS, and FERNANDEZ, Circuit Judges.

        Nevada state prisoner William Robert Dixon appeals pro se from the district

court’s summary judgment in his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action alleging constitutional

claims. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo.

Toguchi v. Chung, 391 F.3d 1051, 1056 (9th Cir. 2004). We may affirm on any


        *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
        **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
basis supported by the record, Thompson v. Paul, 547 F.3d 1055, 1058-59 (9th Cir.

2008), and we affirm.

      Summary judgment on Dixon’s access-to-courts claim was proper because

Dixon failed to raise a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether defendants’

alleged refusal to request Dixon’s legal materials from Ohio in a timely manner

caused his injury. See Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 348-49 (1996) (access-to-

courts claim requires actual prejudice to contemplated or existing litigation, such

as inability to meet a filing deadline or to present a claim); see also Harper v. City

of Los Angeles, 533 F.3d 1010, 1026 (9th Cir. 2008) (“In a § 1983 action, the

plaintiff must . . . demonstrate that the defendant’s conduct was the actionable

cause of the claimed injury.”).

      The district court properly granted summary judgment on Dixon’s claim

alleging denial of mail because Dixon failed to raise a genuine dispute of material

fact as to whether he properly exhausted administrative remedies or whether

administrative remedies were effectively unavailable to him. See Woodford v.

Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 90 (2006) (“[P]roper exhaustion of administrative remedies . . .

means using all steps that the agency holds out, and doing so properly (so that the

agency addresses the issues on the merits).” (emphasis, citation, and internal

quotation marks omitted)); Williams v. Paramo, 775 F.3d 1182, 1191 (9th Cir.

2015) (a prisoner who does not exhaust administrative remedies must show that


                                           2                                     15-16728
“there is something particular in his case that made the existing and generally

available administrative remedies effectively unavailable to him . . . .”).

      We do not consider documents not filed with the district court. See United

States v. Elias, 921 F.2d 870, 874 (9th Cir. 1990).

      We do not consider issues or arguments not specifically and distinctly raised

in the opening brief or arguments and allegations raised for the first time on appeal.

See Padgett v. Wright, 587 F.3d 983, 985 n.2 (9th Cir. 2009).

      All pending motions and requests are denied.

      AFFIRMED.




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