            In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                           BID PROTEST
                                            No. 17-553C
                                   Filed Under Seal: May 25, 2017
                               Reissued for Publication: July 10, 2017 *

                                                   )
    THE INFORMATICS APPLICATIONS                   )
    GROUP, INC.,                                   )
                                                   )
          Plaintiff,                               )       Pre-Award Bid Protest; Judgment Upon
                                                   )       the Administrative Record, RCFC 52.1;
    v.                                             )       Supplementing the Administrative
                                                   )       Record; Permanent Injunction.
    THE UNITED STATES,                             )
                                                   )
          Defendant.                               )
                                                   )

      John Edward McCarthy, Jr., Counsel of Record, Monica Sterling, Associate, Crowell &
Moring LLP, Washington, DC, for plaintiff.

        Jimmy S. McBirney, Trial Attorney, Reginald T. Blades, Jr., Assistant Director, Robert E.
Kirschman, Jr., Director, Chad A. Readler, Acting Assistant Attorney General, Commercial
Litigation Branch, United States Department of Justice, Washington, DC, David R. Smith, Of
Counsel, Associate General Counsel, Office of General Counsel, Defense Health Agency, for
defendant.

                            MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
GRIGGSBY, Judge

I.       INTRODUCTION

         Plaintiff, The Informatics Applications Group, Inc. (“tiag”), brought this pre-award bid
protest matter challenging the Defense Health Agency’s (the “DHA”) decision to exclude tiag’s
quote from consideration for award of a contract to provide program management and technical


*
  This Memorandum Opinion and Order was originally filed under seal on May 25, 2017 (docket entry
no. 24). The parties were given an opportunity to advise the Court, by June 26, 2017, of their views with
respect to what information, if any, should be redacted. To date, the parties have not filed a joint status
report indicating such views. And so, the Court is reissuing its Memorandum Opinion and Order dated
May 25, 2017, without redactions.
support for the development and use of the DHA’s Military Health System Enterprise
Architecture, after tiag failed to submit its quote to the point of contact designated by the
DHA’s Request for Quotes. The government has moved for judgment upon the administrative
record, pursuant to Rule 52.1 of the Rules of the United States Court of Federal Claims
(“RCFC”). Plaintiff has also moved for judgment upon the administrative record, pursuant to
RCFC 52.1. In addition, plaintiff has moved to compel the government to supplement the
administrative record. For the reasons discussed below, the Court GRANTS the government’s
motion for judgment upon the administrative record; DENIES tiag’s cross-motion for
judgment upon the administrative record; and DENIES tiag’s motion to compel.

II.    FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND 1

       A.      Factual Background

       In this pre-award bid protest matter, tiag challenges the DHA’s decision to exclude its
quote from consideration for award of a contract to provide program management and technical
support for the development and use of the DHA’s Military Health System Enterprise
Architecture in connection with Solicitation No. HT0011-17-R-0008 (the “RFQ”), after tiag
failed to submit its quote to the point of contact designated by the RFQ. Specifically, tiag
alleges that, by excluding its quote, the DHA: (1) arbitrarily disregarded acceptable quote
submission procedures; (2) unreasonably reduced competition; and (3) did not comply with the
FAR’s government control exception. See generally Pl. Mot. As relief, tiag requests that the
Court declare the DHA’s decision to be arbitrary, capricious, and contrary to law, and that the
Court enjoin the DHA from awarding any contract under the RFQ until tiag’s quote is fully and
fairly evaluated. Compl. at Requests for Relief. Alternatively, tiag requests that the Court
prohibit the DHA from allowing contractors to perform work under any contracts that may be
awarded under the RFQ, until tiag’s quote is fully and fairly considered for award. Id.



1
  The facts recited in this Memorandum Opinion and Order are taken from the administrative record
(“AR”); plaintiff’s complaint (“Compl.”); defendant’s motion for judgment upon the administrative
record (“Def. Mot.”); and plaintiff’s opposition to the defendant’s motion for judgment upon the
administrative record and cross-motion for judgment upon the administrative record (“Pl. Mot.”). Except
where otherwise noted, all facts recited herein are undisputed.



                                                   2
               1.      The Solicitation

       On January 13, 2017, the DHA issued the RFQ seeking quotes to provide support
services for the DHA’s Military Health System Enterprise Architecture. AR at 29, 44. The RFQ
contemplates a single task order award to provide the requested program management and
technical support services. Id.

        Specifically relevant to this bid protest dispute, the RFQ contains quote submission
 instructions that instruct offerors to submit their quotes to the DHA “no later than February
 13, 2017 at 12:00 PM Eastern Time.” Id. at 45. Section 3.1 of the RFQ also designates the
 point of contact to receive quotes and provides:

       3.1 POINT OF CONTACT (POC): Due to the difficulties of receipt of mail
       through normal postal services, questions and quotes shall be sent via E-mail to the
       POC for this RFQ, Ms. Gina M. Walker at gina.m.walker2.cov@mail.mil and Mr.
       John A. Culmer at john.a.culmer.ctr@mail.mil. The Offeror is responsible for
       ensuring receipt of the POC.

Id. Lastly, Section 3.4 of the RFQ, entitled “Electronic Submission Requirements,” provides that
“[q]uotes shall be electronically submitted to the POC above,” i.e. Ms. Gina M. Walker at
gina.m.walker2.cov@mail.mil and Mr. John A. Culmer at john.a.culmer.ctr@mail.mil. Id.

        The RFQ also contains provisions regarding nonconforming quotes. Specifically, the
 RFQ incorporates FAR 52.212-2 (Evaluation—Commercial Items), which provides, in
 pertinent part, that “[t]he Government will award a contract resulting from this solicitation to
 the responsible offeror whose offer conforming to the solicitation will be most advantageous to
 the Government, price and other factors considered.” Id. at 53. The RFQ also incorporates
 FAR 52.212-1, which provides, in relevant part that, “[o]ffers that fail to furnish required
 representations or information, or reject the terms and conditions of the solicitation may be
 excluded from consideration.” Id. at 41.

               2.      tiag’s Quote Submission

        On February 13, 2017, tiag submitted its quote in response to the RFQ via the GSA
 Advantage eBUY Portal (the “eBUY” Portal). Id. at 312; see also Compl. ¶ 22; Compl. Ex. 2.
 It is undisputed in this case that tiag did not submit its quote via email to the point of contact
 designated by the RFQ. AR at 312; see also Compl. ¶¶ 6, 22; Def. Mot. at 3-4.



                                                  3
        On March 7, 2017—more than three weeks after tiag submitted its quote via the eBUY
Portal and after the RFQ had closed—the DHA’s contracting specialist logged into the GSA
Advantage system to locate offerors’ missing Data Universal Numbering System (“DUNS”)
numbers and discovered that tiag had submitted a quote via the eBUY Portal. AR at 310, 325-
26; see also Def. Opp. at 1-2.

         On March 14, 2017, the DHA notified tiag that the agency found tiag’s quote to be
 “non-responsive to the requirements of the solicitation,” because tiag “failed to submit their
 quote to the identified POCs and, instead, submitted their quote directly to the GSA Advantage
 website.” AR at 311, 325; see also Compl. ¶¶ 7, 24; Def. Mot. at 5. On March 21, 2017, tiag
 requested reconsideration of the DHA’s decision. AR at 312; see also Compl. ¶ 26; Def. Mot.
 at 5. In its request for reconsideration, tiag acknowledged that its quote had been “incorrectly
 submitted to [the] eBUY portal rather than the email addresses set forth in the Solicitation.” Id.
 But, tiag argued that the DHA should, nevertheless, accept the quote based upon a Government
 Accountability Office (“GAO”) decision that recommended acceptance of an improperly
 submitted proposal where, among other things, “the agency was contemporaneously aware of
 the proposal’s submission.” Id.

         On March 23, 2017, the DHA denied tiag’s request for reconsideration. AR at 325;
 see also Compl. ¶ 27; Def. Mot. at 5. In the denial letter, the DHA stated that, “until March
 7, 2017, the Agency had no information that tiag had attempted any submission on the e-Buy
 site.” Id.

        On April 20, 2017, tiag commenced this action challenging the DHA’s decision to
exclude its quote from consideration for award. See generally Compl.

        B.     Procedural History

        On April 20, 2017, tiag filed its complaint in this bid protest matter, as well as a motion
for a preliminary injunction and a memorandum in support thereof. See generally id.; Pl. Mot.
for Prelim. Inj.; Pl. Prelim. Inj. Mem. On April 20, 2017, plaintiff also filed a motion for entry
of a protective order. See generally Pl. Mot. for Prot. Order. The Court granted plaintiff’s
motion and entered a Protective Order on April 24, 2017. See Protective Order, dated April 24,
2017. During the initial status conference held on April 21, 2017, tiag advised that it would hold



                                                  4
its motion for a preliminary injunction in abeyance pending a resolution of the merits of this
case.

        On April 28, 2017, the government filed the administrative record. On April 28, 2017,
the government also filed a motion for judgment upon the administrative record. See generally
Def. Mot.

        On May 1, 2017, tiag filed a motion to compel the government to supplement the
administrative record and to extend the time to respond to the government’s motion for judgment
upon the administrative record. Pl. Mot. to Compel. On May 1, 2017, the government also filed
an opposition to tiag’s motion to compel. See generally Def. Opp. On May 2, 2017, the Court
held a telephonic hearing on tiag’s motion to compel and the Court issued an oral decision
denying tiag’s motion. See generally Tr., dated May 2, 2017.

        On May 3, 2017, tiag filed an opposition to the government’s motion for judgment upon
the administrative record and a cross-motion for judgment upon the administrative record. See
generally Pl. Mot. On May 5, 2017, the government filed a reply in support of its motion for
judgment upon the administrative record and a response and opposition to tiag’s cross-motion for
judgment upon the administrative record. See generally Def. Reply. On May 9, 2017, tiag filed
a reply in support of its cross-motion for judgment upon the administrative record. See generally
Pl. Reply.

        On May 15, 2017, the Court held oral argument on the parties’ cross-motions. See
generally Tr., dated May 15, 2017. During that hearing, the Court issued an oral decision
granting the government’s motion for judgment upon the administrative record and denying
tiag’s motion for judgment upon the administrative record. Id. Consistent with the Court’s oral
decision, the Court issues this written decision resolving the parties’ cross-motions.

III.    LEGAL STANDARDS

        A.     Bid Protest Jurisdiction

        The Tucker Act grants the United States Court of Federal Claims jurisdiction over bid
protests brought by “an interested party objecting to a solicitation by a Federal agency for bids or
proposals for a proposed contract or to a proposed award or the award of a contract or any
alleged violation of statute or regulation in connection with a procurement or a proposed


                                                 5
procurement.” 28 U.S.C. § 1491(b)(1) (2001). This Court reviews agency actions in bid protest
matters under the “arbitrary and capricious” standard under the Administrative Procedure Act
(the “APA”). See 28 U.S.C. § 1491(b)(4) (adopting the standard of review set forth in the
Administrative Procedure Act). And so, under this standard, an award may be set aside if “‘(1)
the procurement official’s decision lacked a rational basis; or (2) the procurement procedure
involved a violation of regulation or procedure.’” Banknote Corp. of Am., Inc. v. United States,
365 F.3d 1345, 1351 (Fed. Cir. 2004) (quoting Impresa Construzioni Geom. Domenico Garufi v.
United States, 238 F.3d 1324, 1332 (Fed. Cir. 2001)). In this regard, the Federal Circuit has
explained that:

       When a challenge is brought on the first ground, the test is whether the contracting
       agency provided a coherent and reasonable explanation of its exercise of discretion,
       and the disappointed bidder bears a heavy burden of showing that the award
       decision had no rational basis. When a challenge is brought on the second ground,
       the disappointed bidder must show a clear and prejudicial violation of applicable
       statutes or regulations.

Id. at 1351 (internal citations omitted).

       In reviewing an agency’s procurement decision, the Court also recognizes that the
agency’s decision is entitled to a “presumption of regularity.” Citizens to Preserve Overton
Park, Inc. v. Volpe, 401 U.S. 402, 415 (1971), abrogated on other grounds by Califano v.
Sanders, 430 U.S. 99 (1977) (citations omitted). In addition, the Court should not substitute its
judgment for that of the agency. Cincom Sys., Inc. v. United States, 37 Fed. Cl. 663, 672 (1997).
And so, “‘[t]he protestor must show, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the agency’s
actions were either without a reasonable basis or in violation of applicable procurement law.’”
Gentex Corp. v. United States, 58 Fed. Cl. 634, 648 (2003) (quoting Info. Tech. & Applications
Corp. v. United States, 51 Fed. Cl. 340, 346 (2001), aff’d, 316 F.3d 1312 (Fed. Cir. 2003)).

       This standard “is highly deferential.” Advanced Data Concepts, Inc. v. United States,
216 F.3d 1054, 1058 (Fed. Cir. 2000). As long as there is “a reasonable basis for the agency’s
action, the court should stay its hand even though it might, as an original proposition, have
reached a different conclusion . . . .” Honeywell, Inc. v. United States, 870 F.2d 644, 648 (Fed.
Cir. 1989) (citation omitted). But, if “the agency entirely fail[s] to consider an important aspect
of the problem [or] offer[s] an explanation for its decision that runs counter to the evidence
before the agency,” then the resulting action lacks a rational basis and, therefore, is defined as


                                                  6
“arbitrary and capricious.” Ala. Aircraft Indus., Inc.-Birmingham v. United States, 586 F.3d
1372, 1375 (Fed. Cir. 2009) (quoting Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Ass’n v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins.
Co., 463 U.S. 29, 43 (1983)) (internal quotation marks omitted).

       B.      Judgment Upon The Administrative Record

       Generally, Rule 52.1 limits this Court’s review of an agency’s procurement decision to
the administrative record. RCFC 52.1; see Axiom Res. Mgmt., Inc. v. United States, 564 F.3d
1374, 1379 (Fed. Cir. 2009) (“[T]he focal point for judicial review should be the administrative
record already in existence.”). And so, unlike a summary judgment motion brought pursuant to
Rule 56, “the existence of genuine issues of material fact does not preclude judgment upon the
administrative record” under Rule 52.1. Tech. Sys., Inc. v. United States, 98 Fed. Cl. 228, 242
(2011) (citations omitted); RCFC 56. Rather, the Court’s inquiry is whether, “given all the
disputed and undisputed facts, a party has met its burden of proof based on the evidence in the
record.” A&D Fire Prot., Inc. v. United States, 72 Fed. Cl. 126, 131 (2006).

       C.      Supplementing The Administrative Record

       The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit held in Axiom Resource
Management that the “parties’ ability to supplement the administrative record is limited,” and
that the administrative record should only be supplemented “if the existing record is insufficient
to permit meaningful review consistent with the APA.” Axiom, 564 F.3d at 1379-81; see also
Caddell Constr. Co., Inc. v. United States, 111 Fed. Cl. 49, 93 (2013). The Supreme Court has
also held in Camp v. Pitts that “the focal point for judicial review should be the administrative
record already in existence, not some new record made initially in the reviewing court.” Camp v.
Pitts, 411 U.S. 138, 142 (1973). This focus is maintained in order to prevent courts from using
new evidence to “convert the arbitrary and capricious standard into effectively de novo review.”
L-3 Commc’ns EOTech, Inc. v. United States, 87 Fed. Cl. 656, 671 (2009) (citations omitted).

       This Court has interpreted the Federal Circuit’s directive in Axiom to mean that
supplementation of the administrative record is permitted to correct mistakes and fill gaps, but is
not permitted when the documents proffered are unnecessary for an effective review of the
government’s procurement decision. Id. at 672. And so, this Court has precluded




                                                 7
supplementation of the administrative record with declarations that contain “post-hoc contentions
of fact and argument.” Id.

        D.      Injunctive Relief

        Lastly, under its bid protest jurisdiction, the Court “may award any relief [it] considers
proper, including declaratory and injunctive relief . . . .” 28 U.S.C. § 1491(b)(2); see also
Centech Grp., Inc. v. United States, 554 F.3d 1029, 1037 (Fed. Cir. 2009). In deciding whether
to issue a permanent injunction, the Court “considers: (1) whether . . . the plaintiff has succeeded
upon the merits of the case; (2) whether the plaintiff will suffer irreparable harm if the court
withholds injunctive relief; (3) whether the balance of hardships to the respective parties favors
the grant of injunctive relief; and (4) whether it is in the public interest to grant injunctive relief.”
PGBA, LLC v. United States, 389 F.3d 1219, 1228-29 (Fed. Cir. 2004) (citing Amoco Prod. Co.
v. Vill. of Gambell, Alaska, 480 U.S. 531, 546 n.12 (1987) (“The standard for a preliminary
injunction is essentially the same as for a permanent injunction with the exception that the
plaintiff must show a likelihood of success on the merits rather than actual success.”)); see also
Centech Grp., Inc., 554 F.3d at 1037. In this regard, the United States Court of Appeals for the
Federal Circuit has held that:

        No one factor, taken individually, is necessarily dispositive. If a preliminary
        injunction is granted by the trial court, the weakness of the showing regarding one
        factor may be overborne by the strength of the others. If the injunction is denied,
        the absence of an adequate showing with regard to any one factor may be sufficient,
        given the weight or lack of it assigned the other factors, to justify the denial.

FMC Corp. v. United States, 3 F.3d 424, 427 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (citations omitted); Cf. Nat’l Steel
Car, Ltd. v. Canadian Pacific Ry., Ltd., 357 F.3d 1319, 1325 (Fed. Cir. 2004) (finding that a
plaintiff who cannot demonstrate likely success upon the merits cannot prevail upon its motion
for preliminary injunctive relief). But, this Court has found success upon the merits to be “the
most important factor for a court to consider when deciding whether to issue injunctive relief.”
Dellew Corp. v. United States, 108 Fed. Cl. 357, 369 (2012) (citing Blue & Gold Fleet, L.P. v.
United States, 492 F.3d 1308, 1312 (Fed. Cir. 2007)); Cf. Contracting, Consulting, Eng’g LLC v.
United States, 104 Fed. Cl. 334, 353 (2012) (“Although plaintiff’s entitlement to injunctive relief
depends on its succeeding on the merits, it is not determinative because the three equitable
factors must be considered, as well.”) (citations omitted)). And so, the Federal Circuit has also


                                                    8
held that a party that cannot demonstrate a likelihood of success upon the merits cannot prevail
upon a claim for injunctive relief. Nat’l Steel Car, Ltd., 357 F.3d at 1325. (addressing a motion
for preliminary injunction).

IV.     LEGAL ANALYSIS

        In its motion for judgment upon the administrative record, tiag challenges the DHA’s
decision to exclude its quote from consideration for the award of a contract for program
management and technical support for the development and use of the DHA’s Military Health
System Enterprise Architecture, after tiag failed to submit its quote to the point of contact
designated by the RFQ. See generally Pl. Mot. The government argues that the administrative
record in this matter shows that the DHA’s decision to exclude plaintiff’s quote from
consideration for award was reasonable and in accordance with the requirements of RFQ. See
generally Def. Mot. For the reasons discussed below, the Court agrees. And so, the Court
GRANTS the government’s motion for judgment upon the administrative record and DENIES
tiag’s cross-motion for judgment upon the administrative record. In addition, because the
administrative record before the Court is sufficient for meaningful judicial review of tiag’s claim,
the Court also DENIES tiag’s motion to compel supplementation of the administrative record.

        A.      The Court Must Deny Plaintiff’s Motion To
                Compel Supplementation Of The Administrative Record

        As a preliminary matter, the Court must deny tiag’s motion to compel the government to
supplement the administrative record in this matter with certain email records and evaluation
documents associated with tiag’s quote, because these documents would not correct mistakes or
fill any gaps in the existing administrative record. See generally Pl. Mot. to Compel. It is well-
established that the “focal point” of the Court’s review of the DHA’s decision to exclude tiag’s
quote ‘“should be the administrative record already in existence, not some new record made
initially in the reviewing court.”’ Axiom Res. Mgmt., Inc., 564 F.3d at 1379 (quoting Camp v.
Pitts, 411 U.S. 138, 142 (1973)). And so, the administrative record should only be supplemented
in this case to correct mistakes and fill gaps, “if the existing record is insufficient to permit
meaningful review consistent with the APA.” Id. at 1379-81; see also L-3 Commc’ns EOTech,
87 Fed. Cl. at 672.



                                                   9
        In its motion to compel, tiag seeks to compel the government to supplement the
administrative record with any email notifications generated by the eBUY Portal that the DHA
may have received regarding the submission of tiag’s quote. Pl. Mot. to Compel at 4. Plaintiff
argues that any such notifications could indicate when the DHA became aware that tiag
submitted its quote via the eBUY Portal. Id. at 5. Plaintiff also seeks to compel the government
to supplement the administrative record with any documents related to the DHA’s evaluation of
its quote. Id. at 3-5.

        Supplementation of the administrative record with these documents is not warranted.
First, to the extent that such documents exist, any email notifications from the eBUY Portal to
DHA personnel would not aide the Court by filling gaps or correcting mistakes in the
administrative record with respect to when the DHA became aware of tiag’s quote. Indeed,
there is ample evidence in the administrative record currently before the Court to demonstrate
that the DHA first became aware of the fact that tiag submitted its quote via the eBUY Portal on
March 7, 2017. See generally AR at 310, 325-26; Tr., dated May 2, 2017, at 27: 3-7. For
example, the administrative record shows that the DHA’s contracting specialist discovered that
tiag had submitted a quote via the eBUY Portal on March 7, 2017, after logging onto the GSA
Advantage system. AR at 310, 326. The administrative record also shows that, on March 23,
2017, the DHA informed tiag that the agency did not become aware of this quote “until March
7, 2017.” Id. at 325; see also Compl. ¶¶ 7, 24; Def. Mot. at 5.

        In addition, as the government explained during the May 2, 2017 hearing on plaintiff’s
motion to compel:

        [Even] if such a notification were received by the agency, [the
        notification] would only say the number of quotes that were received. It
        would not name the company.

Tr. at 24: 22-25. And so, to the extent that the email records that tiag seeks exist, such
documents would not correct, or fill a gap in, the administrative record. L-3 Commc’ns EOTech,
Inc., 87 Fed. Cl. at 672; Citizens to Pres. Overton Park, Inc., 401 U.S. at 420.

        Plaintiff’s request to compel the government to supplement the administrative record
with documents regarding the DHA’s evaluation of tiag’s quote is similarly unfounded. It is
without dispute that, at the time the DHA reached its decision to exclude tiag’s quote, the agency



                                                 10
had not evaluated tiag’s quote. See generally Pl. Mot. to Compel; Def. Opp. Although the
government acknowledges that the DHA subsequently—and, apparently, mistakenly—conducted
a “non-final draft technical evaluation” of tiag’s quote beginning on April 10, 2017, this
evaluation occurred after the agency reached the decision to exclude the quote from
consideration for award. Def. Opp. at 5. Given this, any materials related to the DHA’s
evaluation of tiag’s quote should not be a part of the administrative record in this matter. Axiom
Res. Mgmt., Inc., 564 F.3d at 1379 (quoting Camp v. Pitts, 411 U.S. 138, 142 (1973)). And so,
the Court must deny plaintiff’s motion to compel the government to supplement the
administrative record.

       B.      The Decision To Exclude tiag’s Quote Was Reasonable

       The Court reviews the DHA’s decision to exclude tiag’s quote from consideration for
award under the arbitrary and capricious standard. See 28 U.S.C. § 1491(b)(4); Citizens to Pres.
Overton Park, 401 U.S. at 415; Cincom Sys., Inc., 37 Fed. Cl. at 672. For the reasons discussed
below, the administrative record in this matter shows that the DHA’s decision was reasonable
and in accordance with the requirements of the RFQ.

               1.        Plaintiff’s Quote Did Not Conform With The Terms Of The RFQ

       First, the administrative record in this case shows that the DHA’s decision to exclude
tiag’s quote from consideration for award was in accordance with the plain terms of the RFQ,
because the RFQ requires that tiag submit its quote to the point of contact designated by the
RFQ. In this regard, section 3.1 of the RFQ provides that “quotes shall be sent via E-mail to the
POC for this RFQ, Ms. Gina M. Walker at gina.m.walker2.civ.@mail.mil and Mr. John A.
Culmer at john.a.culmer.ctr@mail.mil.” AR at 45. The RFQ also provides that “[t]he Offeror is
responsible for ensuring receipt by the POC.” Id.

       In addition, the RFQ incorporates FAR 52.212-2 and FAR 52.212-1, which provide,
respectively, that the government will award a contract to an offeror whose offer conforms to the
solicitation and that a non-conforming proposal may be excluded from consideration. Id. at 41,
53. And so, the terms of the RFQ plainly require that tiag—and other offerors—submit
responsive quotes via e-mail to the point of contact specified by the RFQ and that the DHA may
exclude from consideration any quotes that fail to conform with this requirement.


                                                11
       In this case, it is undisputed that tiag failed to submit its quote to the point of contact
designated by the RFQ. Id. at 312; Compl. ¶¶ 6, 22. There is also no dispute that tiag submitted
its quote via the eBUY Portal. Id. As a result, the record evidence shows that the DHA
reasonably determined that tiag’s proposal did not conform with the requirements of the RFQ
and that the agency appropriately excluded tiag’s proposal from consideration for award.
       Plaintiff’s argument that the DHA should not have excluded its quote because the eBUY
Portal is “a valid methodology for submission” for this solicitation is also belied by the plain
language of the RFQ. Pl. Mot. at 14; Compl. ¶ 1. While the RFQ does require that responsive
quotes be submitted electronically, rather than via U.S. mail, the RFQ also clearly states that
“quotes shall be sent via E-mail to the POC for this RFQ. AR at 45. And so, there can be no
genuine dispute here that tiag failed to conform with the plain requirements of the RFQ and, as a
result, the DHA reasonably decided to exclude tiag’s quote.

               2.      Plaintiff’s Reliance Upon AECOM Is Misplaced

       Plaintiff’s reliance upon the GAO’s decision in AECOM Technical Services, Inc., to
argue that the DHA unreasonably reduced competition by excluding its quote from
consideration, is also misplaced. Pl. Mot. at 14-19; AECOM Technical Services, Inc., B-411862,
2015 WL 7171488, at *1 (2015); see also Compl. ¶¶ 26, 38-39. In AECOM, the government’s
contracting personnel discovered that an offeror submitted a proposal to the incorrect location
one day before the deadline for the receipt of proposals and the government advised that offeror
of the error on the same day. AECOM Technical Services, Inc., 2015 WL 7171488, at *1. Based
upon these factual circumstances, the GAO held that the misdirected proposal should be accepted
by the government because, among other things, the cognizant government contracting personnel
were actually and contemporaneously aware of the offeror’s proposal at the time of the
submission to the incorrect location. Id. at *4 (Holding the record shows that a complete copy of
a proposal was submitted to and contemporaneously received by the cognizant contracting
personnel before the deadline for proposal submissions.).

       But here, the administrative record demonstrates that the DHA’s Contracting Officer was
not actually, contemporaneously aware of tiag’s quote submission at the time plaintiff submitted
its quote via the eBUY Portal. AR at 310, 325-26. It is undisputed that tiag submitted its quote
via the eBUY portal on February 13, 2017. Id. at 312; see also Compl. ¶¶ 6,22; Compl. Ex. 2;


                                                  12
Def. Mot. at 3-4. But, the administrative record shows that the DHA did not become aware of
tiag’s quote until March 7, 2017—several weeks later—when the agency’s contracting specialist
logged into the GSA Advantage system. AR at 310, 325-326.

       The fact that the DHA first became aware of tiag’s quote on March 7, 2017, is also
reaffirmed in the memoranda for the record prepared by the DHA’s Contracting Officer on
March 14, 2017 and March 23, 2017, which state that the agency discovered that tiag had
submitted a quote via the eBUY Portal on March 7, 2017. Id. In addition, the record evidence
also shows that the DHA’s contracting officer informed tiag that “until March 7, 2017, the
Agency had no information that tiag had attempted any submission on the e-Buy site,” in a letter
dated March 23, 2017. Id. at 325.

       Given this evidence, the administrative record demonstrates that the DHA did not have
actual, contemporaneous knowledge of tiag’s quote submission via the eBUY Portal. And so,
tiag’s claim that that the DHA unreasonably reduced competition by excluding its quote from
consideration is unsubstantiated by the administrative record.

               3.      Plaintiff May Not Rely Upon The Government Control Exception

       The record evidence similarly does not substantiate tiag’s claim that the DHA should
have accepted its quote under the FAR’s government control exception. Pl. Mot. at 19-22; see
also Compl. ¶¶ 44-46. Under the government control exception, an untimely offer may be
considered for award if: (1) it is received before an award is made; (2) the contracting officer
determines that accepting such a late offer would not unduly delay the acquisition; and (3) the
offer was received at the government installation designated for receipt of offers and was under
the government’s control prior to the deadline for receipt of offers. See 48 C.F.R. § 52.215-
1(c)(3)(ii)(A) (2017). And so, this exception allows the government to accept and consider
untimely offers under certain circumstances. Id.

       As the government correctly points out in its motion for judgment upon the
administrative record, the government control exception does not apply here, because tiag’s
quote was timely submitted. Def. Mot. at 3-4, 15; AR at 312; see also Pl. Mot. at 2-4, 7, 11, 13-
14, 18-19, 21-22; Compl. ¶¶ 6, 22; Johnson Controls Gov’t Sys, LLC v. United States, 125 Fed.
Cl. 289 (2016); Fed. Acquisition Servs Team, LLC v. United States, 124 Fed. Cl. 690 (2016).



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More importantly, even if the Court were to apply the government control exception to the facts
of this case, the administrative record also makes clear that tiag cannot satisfy the requirements
of this exception. The record evidence in this case shows that tiag’s quote was not “received at a
government installation designated for the receipt of offers,” as required by the government
control exception. § 52.215-1(c)(3)(ii)(A). Rather, as discussed above, tiag submitted its quote
via the GSA’s eBUY Portal, and not to the point of contact designated by the RFQ or to any
contracting officials within the DHA. AR at 45, 310-12, 325-26; see also Compl. ¶¶ 6, 22;
Compl. Ex. 2. And so, the government control exception cannot revive tiag’s claim.

       C.      Plaintiff Is Not Entitled To Injunctive Relief

       As a final matter, tiag has not demonstrated an entitlement to the injunctive relief that it
seeks in this case, because tiag has not prevailed upon the merits of its claim. Plaintiff requests
that the Court declare the DHA’s decision to exclude its quote from consideration for award to
be arbitrary, capricious and contrary to law and that the Court enjoin the DHA from awarding
any contract under the RFQ until tiag’s quote is fully and fairly evaluated and considered for
award. Compl. at Requests for Relief. But, where, as here, the record evidence demonstrates
that a plaintiff has not succeeded upon the merits of its claims, tiag cannot prevail upon a claim
for such injunctive relief. Cf. Altana Pharma AG v. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., 566 F.3d
999, 1005 (Fed. Cir. 2009) (citing Amazon.com, Inc. v. Barnesandnoble.com, Inc., 239 F.3d
1343, 1350 (Fed. Cir. 2001)) (“Although the factors are not applied mechanically, a movant must
establish the existence of both of the first two factors to be entitled to a preliminary injunction”
or a temporary restraining order); Nat’l Steel Car, Ltd., 357 F.3d at 1325 (finding that a party
that cannot demonstrate likely success upon the merits cannot prevail upon its motion for
preliminary injunctive relief). And so, the Court must also deny tiag’s request for injunctive
relief. Cf. Altana Pharma AG, 566 F.3d at 1005; Nat’l Steel Car, Ltd., 357 F.3d at 1325.

V.     CONCLUSION

       In sum, tiag’s challenge to the DHA’s decision to exclude its quote from consideration
for award is simply unsupported by the plain terms of the RFQ and the record evidence in this
case. Indeed, the record evidence shows that the DHA reasonably decided to exclude tiag’s
quote after tiag failed to submit the quote in the manner required under the express terms of the



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RFQ. The record evidence also shows that the DHA’s decision to exclude tiag’s quote is in
accordance with the terms of the RFQ and applicable law. Lastly, a review of the administrative
record currently before the Court demonstrates that this record is sufficient for meaning judicial
review of tiag’s claim.

   And so, for all of the foregoing reasons, the Court:

       1.      GRANTS the government’s motion for judgment upon the administrative record;

       2.      DENIES tiag’s cross-motion for judgment upon the administrative record; and

       3.      DENIES tiag’s motion to compel.

       Judgment shall be entered accordingly.

       Each party shall bear their own costs.

       Some of the information contained in this Memorandum Opinion and Order may be
considered protected information subject to the Protective Order entered in this matter on April
24, 2017. This Memorandum Opinion and Order shall therefore be filed under seal. The parties
shall review the Memorandum Opinion and Order to determine whether, in their view, any
information should be redacted in accordance with the terms of the Protective Order prior to
publication.

       The parties shall FILE a joint status report identifying the information, if any, that they
contend should be redacted, together with an explanation of the basis for each proposed
redaction on or before June 26, 2017.


       IT IS SO ORDERED.



                                                  s/ Lydia Kay Griggsby
                                                  LYDIA KAY GRIGGSBY
                                                  Judge




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