                                                                         WR-82,437-01
                                                          COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
                                                                           AUSTIN, TEXAS
                                                        Transmitted 3/17/2015 4:02:58 PM
March 17, 2015                                            Accepted 3/17/2015 4:20:46 PM
                                                                            ABEL ACOSTA
                                                                                    CLERK
                        CAUSE NO. WR-82,437-01

                               IN THE

                      COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS

                       AUSTIN, TEXAS
    ____________________________________________________________

                 EX PARTE SHERRON DONDRIEL PHILLIPS,

                                              APPLICANT
   __________________________________________________________

   ON APPLICATION FOR AN ARTICLE 11.07 WRIT OF HABEAS
  CORPUS IN CAUSE NO. CR-566-12-D(1) IN THE 206TH JUDICIAL
           DISTRICT COURT, HIDALGO COUNTY, TEXAS
  _____________________________________________________________

                        APPLICANT’S BRIEF
  _____________________________________________________________

                                           ALFREDO MORALES, JR.
                                           ATTORNEY AT LAW
                                           P.O. BOX 52942
                                           MCALLEN, TX 78505-2942
                                           (956) 536-8800 BUS
                                           (956) 381-4269 FAX
                                           EMAIL: amjr700@gmail.com




                       ORAL ARGUMENT WAIVED
             IDENTITIES OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL

   In order to assist the court in evaluating and determining whether there is

any reason which would require their disqualification or recusal from the

case at bar, the Applicant certifies that the following is a list of the parties

and counsel who have an interest in the outcome of this case:

   PARTIES

   Applicant:                          Sherron Dondriel Phillips
                                       Inmate, Texas Dept of Criminal Justice

   TRIAL COUNSEL

   For Applicant:                      Toribio “Terry” Palacios
                                       1805 E. Russell
                                       Edinburg, TX 78539

                                       Michael Tuttle
                                       P.O. Box 4450
                                       Edinburg, TX 78540

   For State:                          Joaquin Zamora, ADA
                                       Hidalgo County District Atty’s Office
                                       Hidalgo County Courthouse
                                       100 N. Closner
                                       Edinburg, TX 78539

  HABEAS COUNSEL

   For Applicant:                       Alfredo Morales, Jr.
                                        P.O. Box 52942
                                        McAllen, TX 78505



                                   i
For the State:              Glenn Devino, ADA
                            Hidalgo County District Atty’s Office
                            Hidalgo County Courthouse
                            100 N. Closner
                            Edinburg, TX 78539

For Board of Pardons
and Parole:                 Joseph P. Corcoran, AAG
                            Texas Atty General’s Office
                            Appellate Division
                            P.O. Box 12548, Capitol Station
                            Austin, TX 78711

JUDGE

Trial judge:                Rose Guerra Reyna
                            Presiding Judge
                            206th Judicial District
                            Hidalgo County, TX

                            G. Jaime Garza
                            Auxiliary Criminal Court
                            Hidalgo County, TX




                       ii
                           TABLE OF CONTENTS

IDENTITIES OF PATIES AND COUNSEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i - ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

INDEX OF AUTHORITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv - v

PRELIMINARY STATEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

STATEMENT OF THE CASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

ISSUES PRESENTED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

STATEMENT OF FACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES UNDER ISSUES ONE
AND TWO (CONSOLIDATED) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 5

ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES UNDER ISSUE THREE. . . . 5 - 10

CONCLUSION AND PRAYER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12




                                            iii
                              INDEX OF AUTHORITIES

                                    CONSTITUTIONS

TEXAS CONSTITUTION

  Article V, Section 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

                                         STATUTES

TEXAS GOVERNMENT CODE

  Section 311.016(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

  Section 508.1411 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10

                                            RULES

TEXAS RULES OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE

  Rule 9.4(i)(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

  Rule 73 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

                                             CASES

UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT

  Olin v. Wakinekona,
   103 S.Ct. 1741 (1983) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

TEXAS COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS

  Armstrong v. State,
   340 S.W.3d 759 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 9

  Braxton v. Dunn,
   803 S.W.2d 318 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

                                             iv
Curry v. Wilson,
 853 S.W.2d 40 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Dickens v. Second Court of Appeals
 727 S.W.2d 542 (Tex. Crim. App. 1987) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Ex Parte Geiken,
 28 S.W.3d 553 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Ex Parte Lockett,
 956 S.W.2d 41 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Ex Parte Walton,
 422 S.W.3d 720 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Healy v. McMeans,
 884 S.W.2d 772 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

In Re Daniel,
  396 S.W.3d 545 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Lanford v. Fourteenth Court of Appeals,
 847 S.W.2d 581 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Perkins v. Third Court of Appeals,
 738 S.W.2d 276 (Tex. Crim. App. 1987) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

State ex rel Hill v. Pirtle,
  887 S.W.2d 921 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

State ex rel Holmes v. Court of Appeals,
  885 S.W.2d 389 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5




                                  v
                    PRELIMINARY STATEMENT

   In formulating a response to the questions posed by the court, the

Applicant made the following assumptions in conducting his legal research

and analysis, and in constructing his arguments for purposes of this

brief: 1) that the Applicant received advance notice of the Board’s intention

to consider him for parole; 2) that there is no presumption to parole in this

case; and, 3) that the Applicant’s complaint does not challenge the Board’s

discretionary decision to not grant him parole; rather, Applicant challenges

the adequacy of the requisite statutory notice of the Board’s post-hearing

decision.

                    STATEMENT OF THE CASE

   Applicant was indicted by an Hidalgo County grand jury with possession

of marijuana, a third degree felony. Applicant plead guilty and was placed

on deferred adjudication and community supervision. Neither a motion for

new trial nor an appeal of the deferred adjudication order was filed.

Subsequently, the State filed a motion to adjudicate and, as a result of a plea

bargain, Applicant plead true to the allegations in the State’s motion and

was sentenced to 42 months in the Institutional Division of the Texas

Department of Criminal Justice. (Habeas Corpus Application and Trial

Court Findings.)
                                  1
          STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT

   Because the issues in the case involve well-settled principles of law,

oral argument will not aid in the court’s decisional process. Therefore,

Applicant waives oral argument.

                       ISSUES PRESENTED

   The court ordered that the parties brief the following questions for

review: 1) whether an applicant who contends that Sect. 508.1411 of

the Texas Government Code has an adequate remedy on habeas when there

is no presumption of release to parole; 2) whether, assuming arguendo, that

an applicant has an adequate remedy on habeas, the written notice provision

of Sect. 508.1411 satisfies due process; and, 3) whether an application for

a writ of mandamus is the proper remedy for such claim.

                  STATEMENT OF FACTS

   On August 1, 2014, the Board of Pardons and Parole (hereinafter the

“Board”), pursuant to Section 508.1411 of the Texas Government Code,

notified the Applicant that his parole had been denied. Unsatisfied with the

adequacy of the statutory notice sent by the Board, the Applicant filed this

post-conviction writ of habeas corpus in accordance with Rule 73 of the

Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure on this court’s prescribed form.


                                  2
                 SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT

   Because Issues One and Two are interrelated, the Applicant consolidates

the argument of these two issues under a single issue.

   For purposes of this brief, the undersigned court-appointed counsel

contends that the Applicant does not have a remedy on habeas, because

the Applicant has not demonstrated that he has a liberty interest in being

released on parole; the Applicant’s challenge to the Board’s notice denying

him parole does not directly implicate the fact or duration of his

confinement; and, his complaint does not raise any jurisdictional defects or

denials of fundamental or constitutional rights.

   While Applicant’s claim does not raise a claim cognizable in a post-

conviction writ of habeas corpus, he does state a claim that can be addressed

in an application for writ of mandamus.

           ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES UNDER
             ISSUES NUMBERS ONE AND TWO

THE APPLICANT’S COMPLAINT THAT THE BOARD’S NOTICE
DENYING HIM PAROLE IS DEFFICIENT DOES NOT PROVIDE AN
            ADEQUATE REMEDY ON HABEAS

   The Applicant’s chief complaint in his habeas application is that the


                                 3
Board’s Section 508.1411 post-hearing notice is inadequate and deficient,

because it did not provide him with the information which formed the basis

for its decision to deny him parole.

   While the Applicant attempts to couch his complaint as a constitutional

violation of his due process rights secured under the federal constitution,

it fails, given that the facts underlying his complaint do not rise to the level

of a constitutional violation. More specifically, he does not argue (nor do

the facts support) that the statutory notice scheme fails to provide any type

of notice that comports with established guidelines and legislative mandates

ensuring an opportunity to be heard or considered. Rather, he argues that

the post-hearing notice the Board sent him was deficient, since it did not

state with specificity what factor(s) it considered in denying him parole.

Such a complaint does not state a constitutional violation implicating due

process. Additionally, Applicant has not established that he has a liberty

interest in getting released on parole.

   The Due Process Clause is invoked only where state procedures

imperil a protected liberty or property interest. Olim v. Wakinekona,

103 S.Ct. 1741 (1983). Since the Applicant’s case does not involve a

mandatory release supervision situation, he does not enjoy a reasonable


                                  4
expectation of release on parole. See and compare with, Ex Parte Geiken,

28 S.W.3d 553 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000)(mandatory release statute creates

a liberty interest in parole).

   Because the Applicant’s complaint and challenge to the Board’s parole

post-hearing notice neither directly implicate the fact or duration of his

confinement, Ex Parte Lockett, 956 S.W.2d 41 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997),

nor raise any legitimate jurisdictional defects or allegations of violations

of constitutional rights, State Ex Rel. Holmes v. Court of Appeals, 885

S.W.2d 389 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994), the current application for writ of

habeas corpus under Article 11.07 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure

is not the proper procedural vehicle to address the relief Applicant seeks:

proper and sufficient statutory post-hearing notice for denying him parole.

               ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES UNDER
                    ISSUE NUMBER THREE

THE WRIT OF MANDAMUS IS THE PROPER PROCEDURAL
MECHANISM TO ADDRESS THE APPLICANT’S COMPLAINT
  OF DEFICIENT STATUTORY POST-HEARING NOTICE

   The Applicant’s s only complaint is that the notice he received from the

Board denying him parole did not provide him with the requisite statutory

notice detailing the factor(s) which formed the basis for its decision.


                                 5
   The Applicant’s contention is correct.

   Section 508.1411 of the Texas Government Code, titled “Notification

of Parole Panel Decision,” reads in pertinent part:

      (a) For each decision of a parole panel . . . denying the release of
          an inmate . . ., the parole panel shall:

         (1) Produce a written statement, in clear and understandable
             language, that explains:

             (A) the decision; and

             (B) the reasons for the decision only to the extent those
                 reasons relate specifically to the inmate;
                 (emphasis to original text added.)

   The statute makes it clear that the parole panel denying the release of

an inmate “shall” produce a written statement that is clear and easy to

understand and that explains the reason(s) for the denial that relate only to

that particular inmate before it. See, Section 311.016(2), Texas

Government Code (“shall” when used in a statute imposes a duty). The

Board has no inherent powers or powers conferred by statute or rule

permitting it to ignore express, mandatory statutory provisions.

   Because the statue clearly prescribes the type and specificity of the

post-hearing denial notice, an application for writ of mandamus can


                                   6
resolve the Applicant’s complaint and provide him with adequate relief.

   In the particular case at bar, the Board’s denial notice sent to Applicant

did not comport with the mandatory statutory requisites. More specifically,

as can be gleaned from examining the Board’s notice to Applicant, the

letter was nothing more than a hodgepodge of alternative reasons for

his denial of parole, a far cry from the specificity required by Section

508.1411. Moreover, the Board’s notice was confusing, unclear, and

incomprehensible. More importantly, the notice was not tailored to address

the reasons that related “specifically to the inmate.” On the contrary, the

conjunction “or” was used throughout the denial notice, leaving the

Applicant guessing which of the several alternative reasons applied

specifically to him. Certainly it can be argued with relative ease that the

notice was not the “written statement, in clear and understandable

language” explaining the reasons of its decision to not grant parole as

contemplated by the statute.

   Given that the Board did not comply with the statute’s mandate,

then, the Applicant can seek the appropriate relief through a writ of

mandamus.

   The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals is empowered by, and has


                                 7
jurisdiction under, Article V, Section 5 of the Texas Constitution to issue

writs of mandamus “in all criminal matters.” State ex rel Hill v. Pirtle, 887

S.W.2d 921 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994). And while the court has never issued

a definite statement of what constitutes a “criminal law matter,” the court

has held that the term “encompass[es], at a minimum, all legal issues

arising directly out of a criminal prosecution.” Armstrong v. State, 340

S.W.3d 759 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011). However, the issuance of the writ is

never a matter of right, but rests within the sound discretion of the court.

Dickens v. Second Court of Appeals, 727 S.W.2d 542 (Tex. Crim. App.

1987). Additionally, mandamus is a drastic measure, to be invoked only in

extraordinary situations. Perkins v. Third Court of Appeals, 738 S.W.2d

276 (Tex. Crim. App. 1987). More importantly, mandamus is only available

to compel a ministerial, not discretionary, act. Braxton v. Dunn, 803

S.W.2d 318 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991). “An act is said to be ministerial where

the law clearly spells out the duty to be performed . . . with such certainty

that nothing is left to the exercise of discretion or judgment.” Texas Dept. of

Corrections v. Dalehite, 623 S.W.2d 420 (Tex. Crim. App. 1981).

   Of course, before the court can entertain and grant a writ of mandamus,

the applicant must fulfill two prerequisites: first, he must show that he

                                  8
has no other adequate remedy at law; and, second, he must show that, under

the relevant law and facts, he has a clear right to the relief he seeks. Healy

v. McMeans, 884 S.W.2d 772 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994). The Applicant here

has met both prongs: first, he can neither appeal the board’s decision nor

challenge it through a post-conviction writ of habeas corpus; and, second,

Section 508.1411 spells out, with specificity, what information must be

contained in the Board’s post-hearing parole denial letter, leaving nothing

to the exercise of its discretion or independent judgment in applying the

statute.

   The Applicant reasonably anticipates that the State of Texas or the

Board of Pardons and Parole will argue that the statute he challenges is

a civil administrative statute and is, therefore, not a “criminal law matter”

over which this court has jurisdiction. However, the court has already put

that issue to rest. In both Lanford v. Fourteenth Court of Appeals, 847

S.W.2d 581 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993) and Armstrong v. State, supra, this

court held that “(a)n issue does not cease to be a criminal law matter merely

because elements of civil law must be addressed to resolve the issue.” Id at

p. 765. The statute in question here, while arguably civil in nature,

implements the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure as it specifically relates


                                   9
to the trial court’s imposition of the Applicant’s sentence. Therefore,

since the granting or denial of parole arises as a result of, or incident to,

a criminal prosecution, the issue is one which necessarily involves a

“criminal law matter,” subject to the court’s mandamus jurisdiction. Curry

v. Wilson, 853 S.W.2d 40 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993).

   Even though the Applicant has not specifically filed an application for

writ of mandamus, this court has the legal authority to treat his current

application for habeas corpus as an application for writ of mandamus under

current precedent. In Re Daniel, 396 S.W.3d 545 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013).

                      CONCLUSION AND PRAYER

   While the Applicant’s complaint that the Board’s post-hearing notice

denying him parole cannot be urged in a habeas corpus petition, such

complaint can be addressed in an application for writ of mandamus.

Accordingly, the Applicant respectfully requests that the court treat his

habeas application as one for writ of mandamus, and that it order the

Board to re-issue its notice, with the specificity and particularity

mandated by Section 508.1411.




                                 10
                                          Respectfully Submitted,

                                          Alfredo Morales, Jr.
                                          Attorney at Law
                                          P. O. BOX 52942
                                          McAllen, TX 78505-2942
                                          (956) 536-8800 TEL
                                          (956) 381-4269 FAX
                                          Email: amjr700@gmail.com

                                             /S/ Alfredo Morales, Jr.
                                         __________________________
                                           ALFREDO MORALES, JR.
                                           STATE BAR NO. 14417290


               CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

   In accordance with Rule 9.4(i)(3) of the Texas Rules of Appellate

Procedure, and Ex Parte Walton, 422 S.W.3d 720 (Tex. Crim. App.

2014), I, Alfredo Morales, Jr., court-appointed counsel of record for

Applicant, hereby certify that, relying on the word count of the computer

program used to prepare the Applicant’s Brief herein, the brief contains

3,253 words.

                                            /S/ Alfredo Morales, Jr.
                                         __________________________
                                           ALFREDO MORALES, JR.




                             11
                   CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

   I, Alfredo Morales, Jr., hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the

Applicant’s Brief was sent via regular mail to the following respective

counsel of record on this the 17th day of March, 2015:

                     Glenn Devino, ADA
                     Hidalgo County District Attorney’s Office
                     Appellate Division
                     Hidalgo County Courthouse
                     100 N. Closner
                     Edinburg, TX 78539
                     Counsel for the State of Texas

                    Joseph P. Corcoran, AAG
                    Office of the Attorney General of Texas
                    Criminal Appeals Division
                    P.O. Box 12548
                    Capitol Station
                    Austin, TX 78711
                    Counsel for the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles


                                               /S/ Alfredo Morales, Jr.
                                            __________________________
                                             ALFREDO MORALES, JR.




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