                                                                           F I L E D
                                                                    United States Court of Appeals
                                                                            Tenth Circuit
                     UNITED STATES CO URT O F APPEALS
                                                                        December 11, 2006
                                  TENTH CIRCUIT                         Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                            Clerk of Court


 ELTON DEV ILLE,

               Plaintiff-Appellant,                         No. 06-8044
          v.                                               (D. W yoming)
 C HA RLIE WILSO N ; LO V ELA ND                       (D.C. No. 06-CV-36-J)
 C ITY PO LIC E; and C ITY O F
 LO V ELAN D , C OLO RA D O ,

               Defendants-Appellees.




                             OR D ER AND JUDGM ENT *


Before H E N RY, BR ISC OE, and O’BRIEN, Circuit Judges.


      After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

this appeal. See F ED . R. A PP . P. 34(a)(2); 10 TH C IR . R. 34.1(G). The case is

therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.




      *
        This order and judgment is not binding precedent except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata and collateral estoppel. It may be cited,
however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 (eff. Dec.
1, 2006) and 10th Cir. R. 32.1 (eff. Jan. 1, 2007).
      This appeal arises from an allegedly traumatic traffic stop in Loveland,

Colorado. Because the district court correctly determined it did not have in

personam jurisdiction over the defendants, we affirm its dismissal of the case.

                                I. BACKGROUND

      Officer Charlie W ilson stopped Elton Deville for speeding in a school zone

in Loveland, Colorado on M ay 20, 2005. After a trial held in Loveland, M r.

Deville was found guilty of speeding.

      In his complaint, curiously filed in the United States District Court for the

District of Wyoming, M r. Deville contends he was the victim of discrimination

when the City of Loveland wrongfully accused him of speeding; did not allow

him to discover the name of Officer W ilson’s companion officer; and did not

permit him to cross-examine his accusers at trial. He contends that as a result of

false testimony, and the resulting conviction, he has endured “untold misery and

stress,” and suffers from “unbearable screaming dizziness which debilitates” his

nerves. Rec. doc. 1, at 2 (Complaint, filed Feb. 7, 2006). M r. Deville alleges that

he has difficulty walking and has suffered emotional distress because of the

malicious slandering of his reputation, and the ill-timed revocation of his driving

privileges. He seeks damages of ten million dollars.

      Officer W ilson moved to dismiss for lack of in personam jurisdiction. To

date, the City of Loveland and the Loveland City Police Department have not




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been served with the complaint. M r. Deville moved for a default judgment in the

district court.

       The district court determined from the face of the complaint that it did not

have jurisdiction over any of the defendants because none of the defendants had

the requisite “minimum contacts” with the State of W yoming. International Shoe

Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 316 (1945). The district court granted Officer

W ilson’s motion to dismiss and dismissed the action as to the remaining

defendants.

                                  II. DISCUSSION

       On appeal, M r. Deville contends that he “served the[] defendants in the

only way that it was possible to serve them.” M emorandum Br. at 2. M r. Deville

attempted service on Officer W ilson via certified mail, delivered to the municipal

court. He contends that this service upon Officer W ilson satisfied his obligations

as to all defendants. M r. Deville also contends that the district court judge

“manipulated documents” and “fabricate[d] untruthful statements” when it

dismissed the complaint. Aplt’s Br. at 2.

       W e have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and we review a district

court’s order granting a motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction de

novo. Benton v. Cameco Corp., 375 F.3d 1070, 1074 (10th Cir. 2004) (quotation

marks omitted). Because M r. Deville appears pro se, we hold his pleadings and

other papers to a less stringent standard than those drafted by attorneys. Haines


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v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972); Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1110 n.3

(10th Cir. 1991).

       Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(d)(1) and (e),

        [a] defendant who waives service of a summons does not thereby
       waive any objection to the venue or to the jurisdiction of the court
       over the person of the defendant. . . . Unless otherwise provided by
       federal law, service upon an individual from whom a waiver has not
       been obtained and filed, other than an infant or an incompetent
       person, may be effected in any judicial district of the United States:

               (1) pursuant to the law of the state in which the district
               court is located, or in which service is effected, for the
               service of a summons upon the defendant in an action
               brought in the courts of general jurisdiction of the State;
               or
               (2) by delivering a copy of the summons and of the
               complaint to the individual personally or by leaving
               copies thereof at the individual's dwelling house or usual
               place of abode with some person of suitable age and
               discretion then residing therein or by delivering a copy
               of the summons and of the complaint to an agent
               authorized by appointment or by law to receive service
               of process.

F ED . R. C IV . P. 4(d)(1), (e).

       As to the City of Loveland,

       Service upon a state, municipal corporation, or other governmental
       organization subject to suit shall be effected by delivering a copy of
       the summons and of the complaint to its chief executive officer or by
       serving the summons and complaint in the manner prescribed by the
       law of that state for the service of summons or other like process
       upon any such defendant.

F ED . R. C IV . P. 4(j)(2).




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      It is doubtful whether M r. Deville’s service upon Officer W ilson satisfied

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4. It is certain that M r. Deville did not effect

service upon the City or the Department. There is no question that the events

underlying M r. Deville’s complaint did not arise in W yoming. As the district

court noted, “no defendant has or was acting within W yoming on a continuous

and systematic basis, and no Defendant has availed itself of Wyoming’s laws.”

Rec. doc. 8, at 1-2 (Dist. Ct. Order, filed M ar. 16, 2006).

      “[W]hen entry of default is sought against a party who has failed to plead

or otherw ise defend, the district court has an affirmative duty to look into its

jurisdiction both over the subject matter and the parties.” Williams v. Life Sav. &

Loan, 802 F.2d 1200, 1203 (10th Cir.1986). “[A] district court must determine

whether it has jurisdiction over the defendant[s] before [it may enter] judgment

by default against a party who has not appeared in the case.” Dennis Garberg &

Assocs., Inc. v. Pack-Tech Int’l Corp., 115 F.3d 767, 772 (10th Cir. 1997). The

district court here was empow ered and required to “determine the personal

jurisdiction issue” before considering M r. Deville’s motion for a default

judgment. Id. Undisputedly, absent good service, the Court has no in personam

or personal jurisdiction over a defendant. See, e.g., Eastman Kodak Co. v.

Studiengesellschaft Kohle mbH, 392 F. Supp. 1152 (D. Del. 1975). But because

M r. Deville failed to plead facts indicating that the defendants had the requisite




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minimum contacts with the forum state, the District Court of W yoming had no in

personam jurisdiction over any of the defendants.

      W e take special note of M r. Deville’s attempts to impugn the integrity of

the district court, and we admonish him that any future filings that adopt a similar

tone may subject him to filing restrictions. See Werner v. Utah, 32 F.3d 1446,

1448 (10th Cir.1994) (“This court approves restrictions placed on litigants with a

documented lengthy history of vexatious, abusive actions, so long as the court

publishes guidelines about what the plaintiff must do to obtain court permission

to file an action, and the plaintiff is given notice and an opportunity to respond to

the restrictive order.”).

                                 III. CONCLUSION

      Accordingly, we A FFIRM the district court’s grant of Officer W ilson’s

motion to dismiss, and we AFFIRM its sua sponte dismissal of the complaint as to

the City and the Department for lack of in personam jurisdiction. Appellant’s

motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis is denied.

                                                Entered for the Court,


                                                Robert H. Henry
                                                Circuit Judge




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