                                                                            FILED
                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                            MAY 30 2018
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS


                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT


SEDA ZAKARYAN,                                   No.   15-72439

              Petitioner,                        Agency No. A095-732-156

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
JEFFERSON B. SESSIONS III, Attorney
General,

              Respondent.


                     On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                         Board of Immigration Appeals

                     Argued and Submitted February 14, 2018
                            San Francisco, California

Before: SCHROEDER and RAWLINSON, Circuit Judges, and SESSIONS,**
District Judge.

      Seda Zakaryan (Zakaryan) petitions for review of a decision by the Board of

Immigration Appeals (BIA) dismissing her appeal of an Immigration Judge

decision denying her applications for asylum and withholding of removal.

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
              The Honorable William K. Sessions III, United States District Judge
for the District of Vermont, sitting by designation.
      The pivotal issue in this case is whether Zakaryan received adequate notice

of her need to provide corroborating evidence by way of testimony of her son. In

Ren v. Holder, 648 F.3d 1079, 1090 (9th Cir. 2011), we held that “an IJ must

provide an applicant with notice and an opportunity to either produce the evidence

or explain why it is unavailable before ruling that the applicant has failed in his

obligation to provide corroborative evidence and therefore failed to meet his

burden of proof.”

      The government relies on the IJ’s statement to Zakaryan at a hearing on

May 6, 2011, largely referencing the daughter-in-law. The IJ advised the parties as

follows:

             Separate and apart from any finding of credibility, I
             could conclude that [Zakaryan has] failed to satisfy her
             burden of proof if she fails to present reasonably
             available corroborative evidence. . . . That goes for live
             witnesses as well. If the daughter-in-law refuses to
             testify or refuses to execute a waiver of confidentiality,
             does that make her unavailable for the respondent?
             Probably, but I don’t know.

      At the second hearing, a year later, the IJ again advised that he “could

conclude that [Zakaryan] failed to satisfy her burden of proof if she fails to present

reasonably available corroborating evidence.” The IJ changed the venue to Las




                                           2
Vegas, where Zakaryan and her son were residing, expressing his belief “that the

son is a key witness in the case.”

      In 2014, two years after the second hearing, the third hearing commenced in

Las Vegas. By this time, the daughter-in-law had unfortunately passed away.

Counsel for Zakaryan advised the IJ that the son was “having . . . very serious

problems, since the wife has passed away,” and that counsel “was not sure that he

[would] be able to testify.”

      The IJ inquired whether the son was present in the United States and

whether he was a lawful permanent resident, but made no mention of the son being

a mandatory corroborating witness. Rather, the IJ stated his assumption that

Zakaryan was “not requesting a continuance for her son . . . to testify.” Zakaryan’s

counsel responded: “[O]nce again Your Honor, the issue is that he was not a

witness of the events that took place in Armenia because he already left Armenia.”

      Instead of giving notice that he considered the son to be a mandatory

corroborating witness, the IJ merely replied that “to update the record, then, we

would just need the latest Human Rights Report for Armenia.”

      Zakaryan was the only witness who testified. Following her testimony, the

IJ gave her no notice of the need for corroborating evidence, despite Zakaryan’s

counsel’s request for a tentative ruling. Nevertheless, without making a specific


                                          3
adverse credibility determination, the IJ denied relief on the basis of the failure of

Zakaryan’s son to “appear and testify.” That denial was confirmed by the BIA.

      The IJ did not give sufficient notice to Zakaryan under Ren. The oblique

references to the son made by the IJ did not put Zakaryan on notice that she was at

risk of losing her claim unless she produced her son as a corroborating witness.

We are not persuaded by the government’s reliance on Ren, 648 F.3d at 1092 n.12.

That note merely observes that the notice requirement does not “necessarily require

two hearings.” Id. Here, no additional hearing would have been required if proper

notice had been given in the prior two hearings.

      PETITION GRANTED and REMANDED.




                                           4
