[Cite as Curry v. Columbia Gas of Ohio, Inc., 2020-Ohio-2693.]

                             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

                                  TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT


Carline Curry,                                      :

                Plaintiff-Appellant,                :                No. 19AP-618
                                                                 (C.P.C. No. 18CV-2188)
v.                                                  :
                                                            (REGULAR CALENDAR)
Columbia Gas of Ohio, Inc. et al.,                  :

                Defendants-Appellees.               :




                                         D E C I S I O N

                                     Rendered on April 28, 2020


                On brief: Carline Curry, pro se.

                On brief: McDonald Hopkins, LLC, Matthew R. Rechner,
                and Joseph M. Muska, for appellee Columbia Gas of Ohio,
                Inc.

                On brief: Dave Yost, Attorney General, and Crystal R.
                Richie, for appellee Ohio Department of Insurance.

                On brief: Crabbe, Brown & James, LLP, and Matthew R.
                Planey, for appellee Ohio Fair Plan Underwriting Association.

                On brief: Baker, Dublikar, Beck, Wiley & Mathews,
                Gregory A. Beck, and Andrea K. Zlarko, for appellee City of
                Mansfield.

                  APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas

BROWN, J.

        {¶ 1} Carline Curry, plaintiff-appellant, appeals from several judgments of the
Franklin County Court of Common Pleas. In those judgments, as pertinent here, the court
No. 19AP-618                                                                             2

granted the motion for summary judgment filed by the City of Mansfield ("the City"),
defendant-appellee; granted the motion for summary judgment filed by the Richland
County Land Reutilization Corporation ("Land Bank"), defendant-appellee; granted the
motion to dismiss filed by the Ohio Department of Insurance ("ODI"), defendant-
appellee; granted the motion for summary judgment filed by Columbia Gas of Ohio, Inc.
("Columbia Gas"), defendant-appellee; granted the motion to dismiss filed by Ohio FAIR
Plan Underwriting Association ("FAIR Plan"), defendant-appellee; granted the motion to
dismiss filed by William Bretnell and PT&C|LWG Forensic Consulting Services
(collectively "PT&C|LWG"), defendant-appellee; and granted appellant judgment against
attorney Byron Corley ("attorney Corley"), defendant-appellee.
       {¶ 2} From February 2012 to July 2014, appellant e-mailed the City several times
to communicate various complaints about the quality of the water at her residence, which
she purchased in 2005. The City ran tests but found no problems with her water. From
December 2014 to September 2016, appellant contacted the City to communicate various
complaints about alleged leaks in water pipes in front of her house and in other parts of
the city and broken pumps at lift stations, resulting in sinkholes, her yard becoming
saturated, and her basement flooding. The City inspected appellant's and the City's sewer
pipes, finding the City's main line was in good condition with no leaks but appellant's
lateral line had possible problems. Furthermore, the City knew of no problems with the
lift station that would affect appellant's property.
       {¶ 3} Appellant alleged she first notified Columbia Gas in 2013 of the smell of gas
near her house. Columbia Gas apparently investigated, but she claimed they took no
action to repair the leak. Appellant alleged that, on March 16, 2015, an explosion occurred
at 612 Bowman Street, Mansfield, Ohio, which is an abandoned house beside her house.
She claimed she experienced property damage from the explosion that caused her
property to shift and a joist to break away in her basement. Appellant contacted Columbia
Gas on two separate occasions the same day, and they immediately sent two service
technicians on both occasions to test for a gas leak at appellant's house and the
abandoned neighboring house. They found no leaks or evidence of an explosion, but
found water flooding the basement of the abandoned house and learned that the natural
gas had been disconnected at the abandoned house since 2011. Appellant alleges that the
No. 19AP-618                                                                            3

Land Bank, through an agreement with the City, eventually demolished the abandoned
house and improperly filled in the ground, causing more flooding issues at her house.
      {¶ 4} On March 20, 2015, appellant submitted a claim under her homeowner's
insurance policy with FAIR Plan. On September 3, 2015, PT&C|LWG, on behalf of FAIR
Plan, inspected appellant's and her neighbor's properties. PT&C|LWG found no evidence
of an explosion and any damage to appellant's property was caused by long-term
movement of soil or prior framing alterations. On October 3, 2015, FAIR Plan denied
appellant's claim, finding any damages to appellant's home were not caused by an
explosion but by other conditions not covered under the policy. On November 19, 2015,
appellant timely appealed the claim denial to the FAIR Plan's Board of Governors
("Board"). On November 20, 2015, the Board affirmed the decision of FAIR Plan.
Appellant timely appealed the Board's decision to the Superintendent of ODI
("Superintendent"). After a hearing on May 17, 2016, the hearing officer issued a report
and recommendation in which he recommended the Superintendent affirm the decision
of the Board. On August 17, 2016, the Superintendent adopted the report and
recommendation of the hearing officer, and the Superintendent's order was mailed on
August 19, 2016 and included a notification that appellant had 15 days from the date of
mailing of the Superintendent's order to appeal the matter to the Franklin County Court
of Common Pleas. Appellant did not file a notice of appeal until September 21, 2016 and
named ODI as appellee but not FAIR Plan. On October 26, 2016, ODI filed a motion to
dismiss appellant's appeal as untimely and having been filed against the wrong party. On
December 16, 2016, the trial court granted ODI's motion to dismiss.
      {¶ 5} On March 13, 2018, appellant filed a complaint against Columbia Gas; FAIR
Plan; ODI; the City (including the Land Bank, "Mayor Theaker," and "Mrs. Amie"); "Mr.
Rohs" and PT&C|LWG; and attorney Corley, alleging a variety of claims concerning the
above circumstances. She filed an amended complaint on March 14, 2018, naming
Columbia Gas; FAIR Plan; ODI; the City and Mayor Theaker; William Bretnell and
PT&C|LWG; and attorney Corley.
      {¶ 6} On April 2, 2018, FAIR Plan filed a motion to dismiss based upon Civ.R.
12(B)(1) and (6). On April 26, 2018, the trial court granted FAIR Plan's motion based
upon: (1) Civ.R. 12(B)(1) because appellant failed to exhaust all administrative remedies
No. 19AP-618                                                                                4

when she failed to timely appeal the Superintendent's decision, and (2) Civ.R. 12(B)(6)
because the complaint did not set forth sufficient facts and allegations to put FAIR Plan
on notice of the nature of the action.
       {¶ 7} On April 11, 2018, ODI filed a motion to dismiss for lack of subject-matter
jurisdiction and failure to state a valid claim for relief against ODI. On April 26, 2018, the
trial court granted ODI's motion to dismiss based upon: (1) Civ.R. 12(B)(1) because the
trial court did not have jurisdiction over an appeal of a previously dismissed
administrative appeal or a claim for monetary damages against a governmental entity,
and (2) Civ.R. 12(B)(2) because the complaint did not put ODI on notice of what claims
appellant was asserting against it.
       {¶ 8} On October 22, 2018, PT&C|LWG filed a Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss.
On November 30, 2018, the trial court granted the motion to dismiss based upon
appellant's failure to allege any facts in her complaint pertaining to PT&C|LWG.
       {¶ 9} On November 28, 2018, Columbia Gas filed a motion for summary
judgment. On December 13, 2018, the trial court granted Columbia Gas's motion for
summary judgment, finding that res judicata barred appellant's claims, and, even if not
barred by res judicata, appellant could not support her claims that an explosion occurred.
The trial court issued a judgment on December 18, 2018.
       {¶ 10} On December 8, 2018, the Land Bank filed a motion for summary
judgment. On January 2, 2019, the trial court granted the Land Bank's motion for
summary judgment based upon governmental immunity.
       {¶ 11} On December 12, 2018, the City filed a motion for summary judgment. On
December 27, 2018, the trial court granted the City's motion for summary judgment based
upon sovereign immunity.
       {¶ 12} On May 13, 2019, the magistrate held a trial on her remaining claims
against attorney Corley and issued a decision awarding appellant $1,300 from attorney
Corley. Appellant filed objections. On June 24, 2019, the trial court issued a judgment
entry in which it overruled appellant's objections to the magistrate's decision and entered
judgment with regard to the $1,300 award to appellant from attorney Corley.
       {¶ 13} Appellant, pro se, appeals the judgments of the trial court. However,
appellant has not set forth any assignments of error.
No. 19AP-618                                                                                5

       {¶ 14} After reviewing appellant's brief and the record before us, we find
appellant's brief is fraught with serious and fatal deficiencies. Appellant's brief sets forth
no assignments of error and contains no citations to the record. Pursuant to App.R.
16(A)(3), an appellant's brief must contain "[a] statement of the assignments of error
presented for review, with reference to the place in the record where each error is
reflected." Assignments of error are important because appellate courts determine each
appeal "on its merits on the assignments of error set forth in the briefs under App.R. 16."
App.R. 12(A)(1)(b). We do not determine appeals based on mere arguments and may
dismiss any arguments not specifically included in an assignment of error. See Evans v.
Ohio Dept. of Rehab. & Corr., 10th Dist. No. 18AP-713, 2019-Ohio-3788, ¶ 11, fn. 2, citing
App.R. 12(A)(1)(b); Bonn v. Bonn, 10th Dist. No. 12AP-1047, 2013-Ohio-2313, ¶ 9.
Consequently, without assignments of error, an appellate court has nothing to review.
Luke v. Roubanes, 10th Dist. No. 16AP-766, 2018-Ohio-1065, ¶ 16. Appellate courts have
discretion to dismiss appeals that fail to set forth assignments of error. CitiMortgage, Inc.
v. Asamoah, 10th Dist. No. 12AP-212, 2012-Ohio-4422, ¶ 5; Tonti v. Tonti, 10th Dist. No.
06AP-732, 2007-Ohio-2658, ¶ 2. Many times, however, appellate courts instead review
the appealed judgment using the appellant's arguments in the interest of serving justice.
Asamoah at ¶ 6; Tonti at ¶ 2.
       {¶ 15} Appellant cites only general, largely inapplicable portions of the Ohio
Constitution, Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure, United States Code, and Ohio Administrative
Code, and lists four cases with incomplete citations and no explanation as to their
relevancy or applicability. An appellant must support the assignments of error with
citation to legal authority. State v. Hubbard, 10th Dist. No. 11AP-945, 2013-Ohio-2735,
¶ 34 (citing App.R. 16(A)(7) and 12(A)(2)). In addition, App.R. 16(A)(7) requires "[a]n
argument containing the contentions of the appellant with respect to each assignment of
error presented for review and the reasons in support of the contentions." However, here,
appellant's argument consists of only five sentences that merely point out that each
defendant was negligent in a conclusory manner without any reasoning or analysis.
Appellant fails to address any of the underlying legal bases for each of the trial court's
judgments. Therefore, we find appellant failed to adhere to the requirements of the Ohio
Appellate Rules.
No. 19AP-618                                                                             6

       {¶ 16} Although we find appellant's arguments deficient and fatal to her appeal, we
have reviewed the trial court's judgment and find no reversible errors therein. With
regard to Fair Plan, the trial court properly granted its motion to dismiss based upon
appellant's failure to exhaust all her administrative remedies because she failed to timely
appeal the Superintendent's order. With regard to Columbia Gas, the trial court properly
granted summary judgment because appellant failed to demonstrate a genuine issue of
material fact existed to show that an explosion occurred. With regard to the City and Land
Bank, the trial court properly granted summary judgment based upon sovereign
immunity. With regard to ODI, the trial court properly granted its motion to dismiss
based on: (1) Civ.R. 12(B)(1) because immunity applied and the common pleas court had
no subject-matter jurisdiction, and (2) Civ.R. 12(B)(6) because, even taking everything in
the complaint and attachments as true, appellant raised no allegation of wrongdoing
against ODI. As for attorney Corley, we find no error in the trial court's finding in
appellant's favor on the issue of negligence and the award of $1,300.
       {¶ 17} Accordingly, the judgments of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
are affirmed.
                                                                        Judgments affirmed.

                     LUPER SCHUSTER and NELSON, JJ., concur.

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