                            STATE OF MICHIGAN

                            COURT OF APPEALS



CARL L CHRISTIANSEN, JR.,                                           UNPUBLISHED
                                                                    May 9, 2017
               Plaintiff-Appellant,

v                                                                   No. 331795
                                                                    Kent Circuit Court
ANDREW H TAZELAAR,                                                  LC No. 15-002357-NI

               Defendant-Appellee,

and

AUTO CLUB INSURANCE ASSOCIATION,

               Defendant.



Before: WILDER, P.J., and BOONSTRA and O’BRIEN, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

       Plaintiff appeals by right the trial court’s order granting summary disposition in favor of
defendant Tazelaar (hereinafter defendant)1 pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(10). We affirm.

                   I. PERTINENT FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

        This case arises from a motor vehicle accident that occurred near the intersection of East
Paris Avenue and 28th Street in Kentwood, Michigan. On December 23, 2013, at about 1:00
p.m., plaintiff exited a parking lot on the northwest corner of the Paris Avenue/28th Street
intersection. Plaintiff intended to go northbound on East Paris Avenue, a five lane road
consisting of two lanes each for northbound and southbound traffic and a single center turn lane.
To do so, plaintiff needed to turn left out of the parking lot, cross two lanes of oncoming traffic
and pass through the center turn lane. Two cars stopped to allow plaintiff to pull out of the


1
  Plaintiff also alleged a claim for first-party no-fault benefits against defendant Auto Club
Insurance Association (ACIA). The parties stipulated to the dismissal of ACIA from this action.
ACIA is not a party to this appeal.


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parking lot and cross through the two southbound lanes. Plaintiff exited the parking lot, drove
across the southbound through lanes, and started crossing the center turn lane. Defendant was
traveling southbound in the center turn lane and struck plaintiff’s vehicle on the front driver’s
side. Plaintiff alleged that he suffered various spinal injuries as a result of the accident.

        Defendant moved for summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(10), arguing that
plaintiff had not established a genuine issue of material fact that defendant owed a duty to
plaintiff or breached any duty owed. After a motion hearing, the trial court issued an opinion
and order granting summary disposition in favor of defendant pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(10).
The trial court held that because defendant had the right-of-way, as plaintiff acknowledged,
defendant did not owe plaintiff a “sufficient enough duty to sustain this negligence action,” and
that defendant did not breach the general duty that all motorists owe to each other. This appeal
followed.

                                  II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

       We review de novo a trial court’s decision regarding a motion for summary disposition.
Old Kent Bank v Kal Kustom, Inc, 255 Mich App 524, 528; 660 NW2d 384 (2003). A motion
for summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(10) tests whether there is factual support for
a claim and is appropriate when there is no genuine issue concerning any material fact.
Universal Underwriter’s Group v Allstate Ins Co, 246 Mich App 713, 720; 635 NW2d 52
(2001). When deciding a motion for summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(10), we
must consider all pleadings, affidavits, depositions, and other documentary evidence in the light
most favorable to the nonmoving party. See Cowles v Bank West, 476 Mich 1, 32; 719 NW2d 94
(2006). Whether a duty exists and was breached may be decided by the trial court as a matter of
law when reasonable minds cannot differ. Nichols v Dobler, 253 Mich App 530, 532; 655
NW2d 787 (2002).

                                          III. ANALYSIS

       Plaintiff argues that the trial court erred by holding that plaintiff had failed to establish a
prima facie case of negligence. We disagree. For plaintiff to establish a cause of action for
negligence, he must prove four elements: (1) that defendant owed a legal duty to plaintiff, (2)
that defendant breached his duty, (3) that plaintiff suffered damages, and (4) that defendant’s
breach was the actual cause and proximate cause of plaintiff’s damages. Romain v Frankenmuth
Mut Ins Co, 483 Mich 18, 21-22; 762 NW2d 911 (2009).

        The trial court correctly determined that plaintiff was unable to establish a prima facie
case of negligence. Plaintiff contends that he established a prima facie case of negligence by
demonstrating that defendant violated MCL 257.634(2) by traveling in the center turn lane for an
unreasonable amount of time. Proof of the violation of a statute creates a rebuttable presumption
of a prima facie case of negligence. See Zeni v Anderson, 397 Mich 117, 129-130; 243 NW2d
270 (1976); Johnson v Bobbie's Party Store, 189 Mich App 652, 661; 473 NW2d 796 (1991).
MCL 257.634(2) provides:
        [T]he driver of a vehicle may drive the vehicle in any lane lawfully available to
        traffic moving in the same direction of travel when the lanes are occupied by
        vehicles moving in substantially continuous lanes of traffic and in any left-hand

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       lane lawfully available to traffic moving in the same direction of travel for a
       reasonable distance before making a left turn.

Plaintiff additionally notes that the State of Michigan produces a manual entitled “What Every
Driver Should Know.” A relevant portion of chapter four of that manual states:
        [M]any roads have a center-left-turn-only lane to help traffic flow smoothly.
        Each outside edge of this lane is marked with a solid yellow line with broken
        yellow lines on the inside edges. Left turns must be made within this lane and
        may be made from either direction. Using this lane to pass other vehicles or as a
        merge lane is both dangerous and illegal.

       Yet Plaintiff did not offer any documentary evidence to support the allegation that
defendant had violated MCL 257.634(2). Moreover, plaintiff’s own deposition testimony
revealed that he did not actually see defendant’s car do anything wrong, and that plaintiff did not
see where defendant’s car had entered the turn lane.
       The only evidence that supported plaintiff’s position were his statements that traffic was
backed up all the way to Sparks Drive and that defendant was driving in the turn lane in an
attempt to bypass the traffic in the southbound through lanes. Again, however, plaintiff
acknowledged that he not only did not see defendant’s car do anything improper, and did not
know where defendant’s car had entered the center turn lane because he did not see defendant’s
car in the turn lane before the accident happened, but that he was merely speculating about
whether defendant was driving in the center turn lane so as to bypass traffic. Therefore, even
when viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to plaintiff, plaintiff was unable to make out
a prima facie case of negligence, and did not offer evidence that would enable his claim to
survive summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(10). Zeni, 397 Mich at 129-130; Johnson,
189 Mich App at 661. Accordingly, summary disposition in favor of defendant was properly
granted. Universal Underwriter’s Group, 246 Mich App at 720.

       Affirmed.



                                                            /s/ Kurtis T. Wilder
                                                            /s/ Mark T. Boonstra
                                                            /s/ Colleen A. O’Brien




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