                     COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Baker, Benton, and Overton
Argued at Salem, Virginia

VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF
  TRANSPORTATION
                                     MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v.   Record No. 0181-95-3          JUDGE JAMES W. BENTON, JR.
                                       JANUARY 23, 1996
ROY DAVID MITCHELL


          FROM THE VIRGINIA WORKERS' COMPENSATION COMMISSION

             James W. Osborne, Assistant Attorney General
             (James S. Gilmore, III, Attorney General, on
             briefs), for appellant.

             E. Craig Kendrick (Ginger Jonas Largen;
             Morefield, Kendrick, Hess & Largen, on
             brief), for appellee.



      The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) appeals the

commission's finding that Roy David Mitchell, an employee of

VDOT, suffered an injury by accident while he was digging a sign

post hole.    VDOT contends that the commission erroneously

reversed the deputy commissioner's credibility finding and that

the medical evidence did not support the finding of a compensable

injury.    We affirm the commission's decision.

      In reviewing the commission's decision, we must view the

evidence in the light most favorable to Mitchell, the party

prevailing below.     Crisp v. Brown's Tysons Corner Dodge, Inc.,

1 Va. App. 503, 504, 339 S.E.2d 916, 916 (1986).       We may only

overturn the commission's findings of fact if they are not

supported by any credible evidence.    Code § 65.2-706(A); Manassas
      *
      Pursuant to Code § 17-116.010 this opinion is not
designated for publication.
Ice & Fuel Co. v. Farrar, 13 Va. App. 227, 229, 409 S.E.2d 824,

826 (1991).   "In determining whether credible evidence exists,

the appellate court does not retry the facts, reweigh the

preponderance of the evidence, or make its own determination of

the credibility of the witnesses."      Wagner Enterprises v. Brooks,

12 Va. App. 890, 894, 407 S.E.2d 32, 35 (1991).

     Viewed in light of these principles, the evidence proved

that during the winter of 1991, Mitchell temporarily was re-

assigned from his usual job of operating a hydraseeder to VDOT's

district sign shop.   While digging a sign post hole on
February 3, 1992, Mitchell struck rock with a metal post hole

digger.   Mitchell attempted to puncture the rock by repeatedly

striking it with a steel bar.   After hitting the rocks numerous

times, Mitchell "struck the rock on one particular occasion [and]

he commenced having numbness and tingling in his left hand."     He

immediately stopped and informed his supervisor.     On February 11,

he visited Dr. Robert Bechtel who diagnosed possible carpal

tunnel syndrome.    Dr. Bechtel referred Mitchell to Dr. Douglas P.

Williams for nerve conduction studies and also to Dr. Carey

McKain, an orthopedist.   All three doctors identified the injury

as probable carpal tunnel syndrome.     Dr. McKain performed surgery

on Mitchell's left wrist that eventually enabled him to resume

his regular work.

     The deputy commissioner denied workers' compensation

benefits because he found that the injury resulted from



                                - 2 -
cumulative and repetitive trauma and not a specific incident or

event.   Because the tapes from the April 19, 1994 hearing were

lost, both parties stipulated on the commission's review that the

deputy commissioner's summary of the evidence accurately

recounted the hearing testimony.   Reviewing the evidence,

including Mitchell's testimony as contained in the summary of

evidence, the commission found that Mitchell suffered an injury

by accident when he struck rock at a particular occasion.

Finding that the medical evidence proved a work-related

disability, the commission awarded benefits to Mitchell.
     To prove an injury by accident, an employee "must prove an

'identifiable incident that occurs at some reasonably definite

time,' which is the cause of 'an obvious sudden mechanical or

structural change in the body.'"   The Lane Co., Inc. v. Saunders,

229 Va. 196, 199, 326 S.E.2d 702, 703 (1985)(citation omitted).

In rejecting the deputy commissioner's finding that the injury

occurred during repetitive work rather than from a single

incident, the commission made the following findings:
          The claimant testified and the record
          supports the fact that in digging holes on
          the morning of February 3, 1992, the claimant
          struck rock causing repeated jolting to his
          arms. On one particular jolt, the claimant
          suddenly felt a tingling and numbness in his
          left hand. He immediately stopped work and
          notified his employer that he was injured and
          could no longer dig. Later that day his arm
          grew painful. He had no prior symptoms or
          problems with his arm. The medical reports
          link this "on the job incident" to the
          claimant's carpal tunnel syndrome.




                               - 3 -
     At the hearing before the deputy commissioner, Mitchell

testified that the numbness and tingling occurred after he hit

the rock on one specific occasion.      The commission relied

primarily on this testimony in reversing the deputy commissioner.

Further support for the commission's finding can be found in

Mitchell's answer to VDOT's interrogatories where he reported

that after he hit the rock, "[s]uddenly, [he] felt a sensation of

tingling and numbness in his left fingers, wrist and arm."      The

commission's findings are also supported in the medical evidence

in which Mitchell's doctor opined that the "on the job incident"

caused the carpal tunnel syndrome.      Thus, credible evidence in

the record supports the commission's findings.
     VDOT contends, however, that the commission erred in

reversing the deputy commissioner's credibility findings.       We

disagree.   The principles set forth in Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.

v. Pierce, 5 Va. App. 374, 363 S.E.2d 433 (1989), do not shelter

the deputy commissioner's findings from review by the commission

solely because the deputy commissioner heard the testimony.

Explaining Pierce, this Court has emphasized that when "the
deputy commissioner's determination of credibility is based upon

the substance of the testimony rather than upon the witness's

demeanor, such a finding is as determinable by the full

commission as by the deputy."    Kroger Co. v. Morris, 14 Va. App.

233, 236, 415 S.E.2d 879, 881 (1992).      See also Bullion Hollow
Enters., Inc. v. Lane, 14 Va. App. 725, 729, 418 S.E.2d 904, 907




                                - 4 -
(1992).

     The deputy commissioner did not make "a specific, recorded

observation of a key witness' demeanor or appearance in relation

to credibility."   Pierce, 5 Va. App. at 382, 363 S.E.2d at 437.

Indeed, the deputy commissioner made no specific credibility

finding in his decision.   His decision was based upon his

analysis of the substance of all of the evidence.   However, the

weighing and analysis of the evidence in such a circumstance "is

as determinable by the full commission as by the deputy."
Morris, 14 Va. App. at 236, 415 S.E.2d at 881.   We must defer to

the commission's redetermination of the evidence.

     Accordingly, the commission's findings, based upon its

analysis of all the evidence, are supported by credible evidence

in the record.

                                                    Affirmed.




                               - 5 -
