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 1        IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO


 2   ELIZABETH FERNANDEZ, GERARDO LOPEZ,
 3   LOREN LYNDOE, PHYLLIS LYNDOE,
 4   MANUEL TOLEDO, ISABEL TOLEDO,
 5   GLENDA COUNCIL, ROBERT COUNCIL,
 6   RON ARMSTRONG, LAURA ARMSTRONG,
 7   MICHAEL BROWN, CHRISTINE BROWN,
 8   PATRICIA SANCHEZ, FRANCISCA CABRIALES,
 9   JAKE LAMFERS, MARTA LAMFERS,
10   SAMUEL HAUGE, MISTY HAUGE,
11   CAL PALMER, VERONICA PALMER,
12   HEATHER JAMES, HAAMID HAKAM,
13   BAXTER BACKER, CAROLYN BACKER,
14   JAMES CORWELL, KERRI CORWELL,
15   JARED HUNTER, JACQUELINE HUNTER,
16   SILVINO SUAREZ, VERA BLUHM,
17   JOHANNA DUNCAN, LOUIS ACANFRIO,
18   RICHARD HOEHNE, ANABEL NAJERA,
19   JEANNETTE PAZ, ROBERT BRUHN, JAKE
20   NUTTALL, DIANE NUTTALL, RON STONE,
21   STELLA STONE, YVONNE BALDONADO,
22   ROBERT ROBLES, TINA ROBLES, JOSEPH
23   CRAIG, ALISA SHTROMBERG, JESSE MAGALLANEZ,
24   PAMELA TAFOYA, ROBERT BONILLA, ALICIA
25   BONILLA, RUBEN VALENZUELA, YVETTE
26   VALENZUELA, IGNACIO SANCHEZ, WENDY
27   SCHMIDT, MARCUS DECLOUETTE, DANIELLE
28   DECLOUTTE, MADELINE R. MANI, SANJAY
29   CHANDRAN, PATRICK YOKOYAMA, ROESEANNE
30   YOKOYAMA, JOHN BACA, JESSICA BACA, TREVOR
 1 BRASEL, KIRSTI BRASEL, JOSE CARTER, EMILY
 2 CARTER, CALVIN LUCERO, ERIN GARCIA, and
 3 LAKANA SANGADEJ,

 4        Plaintiffs-Appellees,

 5 v.                                             NO. 32,211

 6 D.R. HORTON, INC., and
 7 DRH SOUTHWEST CONSTRUCTION, INC.,

 8        Defendants-Appellants.


 9 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF RIO ARRIBA COUNTY
10 Richard J. Knowles, District Judge

11 Collins & Collins, P.C.
12 Alysan Boothe Collins
13 Albuquerque, NM

14 for Appellees Calvin Lucero & Erin Garcia

15 Crowley & Gribble, P.C.
16 Clayton E. Crowley
17 Albuquerque, NM

18 for Appellee Lakana Sangedej

19   Guebert Bruckner P.C.
20   Terry R. Guebert
21   Don Bruckner
22   Albuquerque, NM

23 for Appellees


                                          2
 1   Landry & Ludewig, LLP
 2   Glenn R. Smith
 3   Stephanie Landry
 4   Albuquerque, NM

 5 for Appellants

 6                             MEMORANDUM OPINION

 7 CASTILLO, Chief Judge.

 8        Defendants appeal from the district court’s order granting the motion of

 9 Plaintiffs Fernandez, Lopez, and James and Kerri Corwell (the FLC Plaintiffs) to

10 amend the fifth amended complaint, granting the motion of all Plaintiffs for leave to

11 file a sixth amended complaint, and denying Defendants’ motion to stay the claims of

12 the FLC Plaintiffs pending arbitration (May 18 order). [SRP 2174-2178] In the

13 alternative, Defendants petitioned this Court for a writ of error. We proposed to

14 dismiss for lack of a sufficiently final order and to deny the petition for writ of error

15 in a notice of proposed summary disposition. Defendants filed a memorandum in

16 opposition, and Plaintiffs filed a memorandum in support. After reviewing the

17 memoranda submitted by both parties, we are unconvinced that our proposed

18 disposition is in error, and thus we dismiss Defendants’ appeal for lack of a

19 sufficiently final order.

20        Generally speaking, the right to appeal is restricted to final judgments and

                                               3
 1 decisions. See NMSA 1978, § 39-3-2 (1966); Kelly Inn No. 102 v. Kapnison, 113

 2 N.M. 231, 234-40, 824 P.2d 1033, 1036-42 (1992), limited on other grounds by

 3 Trujillo v. Hilton of Santa Fe, 115 N.M. 397, 851 P.2d 1064 (1993). Whether an

 4 order is final, such that appeal is statutorily authorized, is a jurisdictional question that

 5 this Court is required to raise on its own motion.                  Khalsa v. Levinson,

 6 1998-NMCA-110, ¶ 12, 125 N.M. 680, 964 P.2d 844. “[F]or purposes of appeal, an

 7 order or judgment is not considered final unless all issues of law and fact have been

 8 determined and the case disposed of by the trial court to the fullest extent possible.”

 9 B.L. Goldberg & Assocs. v. Uptown, Inc., 103 N.M. 277, 278, 705 P.2d 683, 684

10 (1985).

11        In our notice, we proposed to dismiss because the May 18 order did not end the

12 litigation. To the contrary, this order was entered by Judge Knowles who was acting

13 pro tem in an ongoing case that, at the time of our initial notice, appeared to be

14 awaiting appointment of a presiding judge. [SRP 2230, 2244, 2247, 2250, 2253,

15 2256, 2259] We proposed to hold that Defendants will have an opportunity to address

16 the issues presented in their appeal once a district court judge is appointed that is

17 acceptable to all parties. It appears that on August 1, 2012, Chief Justice Maes

18 appointed Judge Brickhouse to preside over these proceedings. [MIS 5]


                                                 4
 1        In their memorandum in opposition, Defendants review the prior proceedings

 2 in this matter and reiterate their arguments as to why Judge Knowles lacked the

 3 authority to enter the May 18 order. [MIO 1-17, 21] At this juncture, we express no

 4 opinion as to the propriety of Judge Knowles’ actions. However, Defendants’

 5 arguments in no way negate our proposed conclusion that Defendants may raise their

 6 concerns to Judge Brickhouse.

 7        Defendants also contend that the harm they suffer from Judge Knowles’ May

 8 18 order may only be cured if the order is declared void. [MIO 18] Again, we express

 9 no opinion. However, we do not agree that Defendants are harmed merely because

10 they must delay any appeal until after Judge Brickhouse considers their contentions

11 in light of the specific language set forth in Judge Knowles’ order that he was not

12 making a ruling on whether the non-arbitrable claims of the FLC Plaintiffs will

13 proceed [SRP 2177 ¶ 22] and in light of this Court’s opinion in Ct. App. No. 30,663,

14 filed on July 24, 2012.

15        Moreover, to the extent that Defendants contend that they have a right to appeal

16 the May 18 order because it constitutes a denial of Defendants’ motion to compel

17 arbitration, we are unconvinced. [MIO 4-5, 17, 21-26] Defendants’ contentions that

18 they are being denied arbitration are dependent upon a finding by Judge Brickhouse


                                              5
 1 that the FLC Plaintiffs may proceed with any non-arbitrable claims. [MIO 21-26] As

 2 discussed in our previous notice, in the May 18 order Judge Knowles made no

 3 decision on whether the FLC Plaintiffs’ non-arbitrable claims would go forward.

 4 [SRP 2177 ¶ 22] Instead, the order contemplates that Defendants can request a status

 5 conference or a hearing before Judge Brickhouse to discuss how the case should

 6 proceed. [SRP 2178] At that point, should the district court decide that the non-

 7 arbitrable claims should go forward separately, Defendants may seek to appeal that

 8 decision pursuant to NMSA 1978, Section 44-7A-29 (2001), if they believe an appeal

 9 is warranted. See § 44-7A-29(a)(1) (providing that an appeal may be taken from “an

10 order denying a motion to compel arbitration”).

11        Turning to Defendants’ claims that they are entitled to a writ of error, we

12 remain unconvinced. [MIO 18-21] As discussed in our previous notice, the decision

13 to grant a petition for writ of error is discretionary with this Court. See Rule 12-503(I)

14 NMRA. We agree that Defendants have made a persuasive argument as to why Judge

15 Knowles acted beyond his authority in entering the May 18 order given that the parties

16 were never notified of his appointment and given that the case was currently on appeal

17 before this Court. However, we are not convinced that the impact of this order, if any,

18 may be conclusively determined at this juncture because it is unclear what claims, if


                                               6
 1 any, will be allowed to proceed outside of arbitration. See Rule 12-503(E)(2) (noting

 2 the requirements for a writ of error which include a showing that the order appealed

 3 from “(a) conclusively determines the disputed question; (b) resolves an important

 4 issue completely separate from the merits of the action; and (c) would be effectively

 5 unreviewable on appeal from a final judgment because the remedy by way of appeal

 6 would be inadequate”). It is also unclear how Plaintiffs may elect to go forward in

 7 light of this Court’s decision in Ct. App. No. 30,663 that allows Plaintiffs to pursue

 8 consolidated arbitration.

 9         In sum, given the lack of a final decision as to whether the FLC Plaintiffs may

10 go forward on their non-arbitrable claims, the number of issues outstanding between

11 the parties, the recent appointment of Judge Brickhouse to preside over this case, and

12 this Court’s recent formal opinion in Case No. 30,666, we are not convinced that

13 Defendants’ appeal is sufficiently final for consideration at this time. Instead,

14 considerations of efficiency and our policy of avoiding piecemeal litigation lead us to

15 dismiss Defendants’ appeal for lack of a sufficiently final order. See Kelly Inn No.

16 102, Inc., 113 N.M. at 239, 824 P.2d at 1041. Defendants have also failed to convince

17 us that their claims warrant the exercise of our discretion to grant their petition for writ

18 of error.


                                                7
1 CONCLUSION

2        Therefore, for the reasons set forth above and those discussed in our notice of

3 proposed summary disposition, we dismiss Defendants’ appeal because it is not

4 sufficiently final for purposes of appellate review and, to the extent that Defendants

5 seek review pursuant to a petition for writ of error, we deny their petition.

6        IT IS SO ORDERED.



7                                         __________________________________
8                                         CELIA FOY CASTILLO, Chief Judge

9 WE CONCUR:



10 __________________________________
11 RODERICK T. KENNEDY, Judge



12 __________________________________
13 LINDA M. VANZI, Judge




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