MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                    FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
                                                                      Aug 27 2018, 8:36 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of establishing                              CLERK
                                                                      Indiana Supreme Court
the defense of res judicata, collateral                                  Court of Appeals
                                                                           and Tax Court

estoppel, or the law of the case.


ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                  ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
Scott Richards                                          Jon L. Orlosky
Indianapolis, Indiana                                   Muncie, Indiana



                                          IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In Re: The 2015 Tax Sale                                August 27, 2018
Marion County                                           Court of Appeals Case No.
Parcel No. 8017356                                      49A02-1712-MI-2882
Tax Sale Item No. A2747                                 Appeal from the Marion Circuit
Empire VII Indiana Portfolio,                           Court
LLC,                                                    The Honorable Sheryl Lynch,
                                                        Judge
Appellant,
                                                        The Honorable Mark A. Jones,
        v.                                              Magistrate
                                                        Trial Court Cause No.
Migally Investments, LLC,                               49C01-1508-MI-28426
Appellee.



Brown, Judge.




Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1712-MI-2882 | August 27, 2018        Page 1 of 10
[1]   Empire VII Indiana Portfolio, LLC (“Empire”) appeals the trial court’s Order

      Setting Aside Tax Sale and Issuance of Deed and the court’s ruling on its

      motion to correct error. We affirm.


                                       Facts and Procedural History

[2]   Migally Investments, LLC (“Migally”) owns a parcel of real property in Marion

      County commonly known as 420 East 38th Street (the “38th Street Address”).

      Prior to February 2016, the address for Migally on file with the Marion County

      Auditor (the “Auditor”) was 16541 Gothard Street, Suite 201, Huntington

      Beach, California, 92647 (the “California Address”). On October 9, 2015,

      Migally’s parcel on East 38th Street was sold to Empire at a tax sale.1


[3]   On February 15, 2016, Migally submitted a change of address form with the

      Marion County Assessor’s Office (the “Assessor”) which indicated that it had a

      new address in Carmel, Indiana (the “Carmel Address”).2


[4]   In April 2016, the Auditor sent a notice dated March 29, 2016, to Migally at the

      California Address and the 38th Street Address stating that the parcel had been

      sold to Empire at a tax sale on October 9, 2015, and that the period of




      1
       The appellant’s appendix contains a Notice of Tax Sale dated July 30, 2015, and addressed to the 38th
      Street Address.
      2
        The form is dated “15/02/2016.” Respondent’s Exhibit A. On a line for “Old Mailing Address,” the form
      states “16541 Gothard St., Huntington Beach, CA 96247.” Id.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1712-MI-2882 | August 27, 2018         Page 2 of 10
      redemption would expire on October 11, 2016.3 In January 2017, the Auditor

      sent a Notice of Filing Petition for Tax Deed to Migally at the California

      Address and the 38th Street Address stating that the period for redemption had

      expired, that on or after January 1, 2017, a petition for order directing the

      Auditor to issue a tax deed would be filed, and that any person owning or

      having an interest in the parcel may file a written objection to the petition

      within thirty days of the date the petition was filed. 4


[5]   On March 23, 2017, the court entered an order for issuance of tax deeds which

      stated that the Auditor had filed a petition for issuance of tax deeds on January

      9, 2017, pre-sale notices were sent on July 30, 2015, post-sale notices were sent

      on April 8, 2016, and the redemption period expired on October 11, 2016.


[6]   On May 17, 2017, Migally filed a Motion to Set Aside Tax Sale as to Single

      Parcel Only and Objection to Issuance of Deed to Tax Sale Buyer. Migally

      argued that it purchased the property in June 2013 and that its address was the

      California Address, that it updated its address with the Auditor on February 15,

      2016, and that all subsequent notices required by statute should have been sent

      to that address. Migally also argued that, on or about October 22, 2016, its

      property manager attempted to pay the semi-annual property taxes and



      3
       The tracking return receipt in the appellant’s appendix associated with the notice mailed to the California
      Address states “April 8, 2016, 9:30 a.m. Delivered HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA 92647.” Appellant’s
      Appendix Volume 2 at 19.
      4
       The tracking return receipt in the appellant’s appendix associated with the notice mailed to the California
      Address states “January 23, 2017, 10:35 am Unclaimed/Being Returned to Sender.” Appellant’s Appendix
      Volume 2 at 27.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1712-MI-2882 | August 27, 2018            Page 3 of 10
      discovered the property had been sold the previous year and that the

      redemption period had expired eleven days earlier without notice to the

      property owner or manager.5 It argued it is ready, willing, and able to pay the

      past due taxes.


[7]   On October 31, 2017, the court held an evidentiary hearing on Migally’s

      motion. Counsel for the Auditor and Marion County Treasurer stated “there

      was stipulations with [sic] the evidence would be from the government as far as

      the facts of the matter” and that Toni Green would testify that she was

      employed by the Auditor’s office during the time this case was pending and was

      familiar with the parcel; that she “received evidence from Migally Investments

      that there was an email sent to the assessor’s office of February fifteenth, two

      thousand sixteen that was a change of address form”; that she “and her staff

      have verified that email address did receive that email and it did have the

      assessors change of address form”; that “the substantive four point five and four

      point six notices would have been mailed if they were dated March twenty-

      ninth, two thousand sixteen”; “[a]t that time [that] should have been sufficient

      enough for the assessor, treasurer, and auditor to make sure all proper parties

      should have been noticed on the four point five and the four point six”; and that

      the Carmel Address “was not on the list of addresses on the four point five and




      5
       At the October 31, 2017 hearing, the court admitted a tax statement from Marion County Treasurer dated
      October 26, 2016, which was addressed to Migally at its Carmel Address.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1712-MI-2882 | August 27, 2018       Page 4 of 10
four point six notices were sent to.” October 31, 2017 Transcript Volume 2 at

6-7. The following exchange occurred:


        The Court: I want to make that [sic] I understood. So, the
        auditor’s office received notice of the new address on February
        fifteen, two thousand sixteen. The two subsequent notices were
        sent out, later notices, after the post-sale notices, four point five
        and four point six, were sent after date, should have been sent to
        the new address but were not?

        [Counsel for Auditor]: Correct. Initially, the change of address
        for[m] was received by the assessor’s office and there is a failure
        in communication between the assessor’s office, auditor’s office,
        and treasurer’s office in regards to making sure the proper
        addresses were included on the list of four point five and four
        point six notices.

        The Court: Ok. So, in other words, the auditor’s office received
        no communication from the assessor, that they are aware of,
        regarding that change of address.

        [Counsel for Auditor]: They did not -

        The Court: I am not trying to throw the assessor under the bus.
        I am trying to find out what the facts would be.

        [Counsel for Auditor]: That is correct. We would believe that
        was sufficient time as far as receiving change of address to
        effectively send out four point five and four point six notices, in
        the chute, as they say, of preparation.

        The Court: But it was more than a month in advance?

        [Counsel for Auditor]: More than a month in advance.

        The Court: [Counsel for Migally], is that your stipulations?

        [Counsel for Migally]: Yes, Your honor.


Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1712-MI-2882 | August 27, 2018   Page 5 of 10
              The Court: [Counsel for Empire], is that your stipulation?

              [Counsel for Empire]: Yes, as long as it is understood that the
              assessor received it, not the auditor.


      Id. at 7-8.


[8]   Migally introduced, as an exhibit, the change of address form it submitted to

      the Assessor. Counsel for Empire objected and stated that “the address on the

      form, the old mailing address does not have the suite number” and “the zip

      code does not exist.” Id. at 9. The court overruled the objection and admitted

      the exhibit. Counsel for Empire later argued: “This form was sent to the

      assessor’s office. We believe that there is incorrect information. Something

      happened to cause this not getting over to the auditor’s office and we believe

      probably some of the inaccuracies in the form may have caused that.” Id. at 13.

      The court asked which item “on that form leads you to believe that it was

      Migally’s fault that it did not get to the right place,” and Empire’s counsel

      replied:


              Well, it would have been difficult to, if you are putting the
              information in the system on a computer, I do not know how
              your computers work, but if you out [sic] something in that is
              inaccurate, it is not going to take. You put an email in that is not
              accurate, it is not going to go through. Here we got a zip code on
              the old address line that does not exist, and it does not have the
              suite number either. I mean it does give you another city or
              whatever, it just does not exist.




      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1712-MI-2882 | August 27, 2018   Page 6 of 10
       Id. at 14. The court asked “[b]ut it does give the correct address for the parcel,”

       and Empire’s counsel answered “[t]he parcel address is correct.” Id. After a

       recess, the court found, “for the lack of a better term, it was the county’s fault,”

       “I am not going to attribute that to Migally,” “[i]t should have been in the

       auditor’s records and again, no fault of Migally’s,” and “[m]y understanding of

       the evidence also was that the form was generated not by Migally, but in fact by

       the county and based on the stipulated testimony of Ms. Green I think that is

       what should have happened.” Id. at 17.


[9]    On November 3, 2017, the trial court entered an Order Setting Aside Tax Sale

       and Issuance of Deed which granted Migally’s May 17, 2017 motion and

       ordered that Empire shall issue a deed to Migally. Empire filed a motion to

       correct error, and the court entered an order which denied the motion to correct

       error, set aside issuance of the deed and reaffirmed its findings from the October

       31, 2017 hearing, and ordered that Empire be reimbursed the property taxes it

       had paid with respect to the parcel.


                                                   Discussion

[10]   Empire appeals the trial court’s Order Setting Aside Tax Sale and Issuance of

       Deed and ruling on its motion to correct error. The trial court’s findings of fact

       control as to the issues they cover and a general judgment will control as to the

       issues upon which there are no findings. In re 2014 Johnson Cty. Tax Sale, 48

       N.E.3d 340, 345 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015). We review findings for clear error and

       we review conclusions of law de novo. Id. A judgment is clearly erroneous if no

       evidence supports the findings, the findings do not support the judgment, or the
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1712-MI-2882 | August 27, 2018   Page 7 of 10
       trial court applied the wrong legal standard. Id. We consider only the evidence

       favorable to the judgment and all reasonable inferences flowing therefrom, and

       we will neither reweigh the evidence nor assess witness credibility. Id.


[11]   A trial court has discretion to grant or deny a motion to correct error and we

       reverse its decision only for an abuse of that discretion. City of Elkhart v. SFS,

       LLC, 968 N.E.2d 812, 815 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012). An abuse of discretion occurs

       when the trial court’s decision is against the logic and effect of the facts and

       circumstances before the court or if the court has misinterpreted the law. Id.


[12]   Empire argues that notice was sent to Migally’s last known address within the

       records of the Auditor. It argues there is no evidence Migally checked to see if

       the property was sold for taxes or its address change request was received by the

       Auditor, the Marion County tax sale is large and a search for possible address

       problems places an undue burden on the county, and Migally is a business

       entity and not an individual with disabilities. Empire also states “[t]he record

       reflects the post sale information provided to the Assessor never reached the

       auditor and the why of this remains a mystery and could be open to

       speculation.” Appellant’s Brief at 10.


[13]   Migally responds that it is not disputed that, despite having the new address for

       over two months, neither of the required notices required by Ind. Code §§ 6-1.1-

       25-4.5 and -4.6 were sent to its new Carmel Address and that, “[w]hile the form

       provided by Marion County to update addresses is issued through the

       Assessor’s office, this still means that Marion County was aware of Migally’s


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1712-MI-2882 | August 27, 2018   Page 8 of 10
       actual address at the time notice was sent to an old address.” Appellee’s Brief

       at 8.


[14]   If an owner of real estate fails to pay the property taxes, the property may be

       sold in order to satisfy the tax obligation. In re 2007 Tax Sale in Lake Cty., 926

       N.E.2d 524, 527 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010). The tax sale process in Indiana involves

       the issuance of three notices to the property owner. Id. The first required

       notice is the county auditor’s notice of tax sale under Ind. Code § 6-1.1-24-4.

       Id. The second required notice is the notice of the right of redemption under

       Ind. Code § 6-1.1-25-4.5. Id. at 258. Ind. Code § 6-1.1-25-4.5 requires the

       purchaser, or in a county where the county auditor and county treasurer have

       an agreement for the auditor to perform the duties instead of the purchaser, the

       county auditor, to give notice of the sale to the owner of record at the time of

       the sale and any person with a substantial property interest of public record in

       the tract or real property. Also, the person required to give the notice shall give

       it by sending a copy of the notice to the owner of record at the time of the sale

       of the property “at the last address of the owner for the property, as indicated in

       the records of the county auditor.” Ind. Code § 6-1.1-25-4.5(d). The third

       required notice is the notice of filing a petition for tax deed under Ind. Code § 6-

       1.1-25-4.6. In re 2007 Tax Sale in Lake Cty., 926 N.E.2d at 528. Title conveyed

       by a tax deed may be defeated if the three required notices were not issued in

       substantial compliance with the requirements prescribed by statute. Id. at 529.

       Proof that insufficient notice was given will support invalidation of the tax sale

       process. Id.


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1712-MI-2882 | August 27, 2018   Page 9 of 10
[15]   The record reveals that Migally submitted its change of address to the Assessor

       on February 15, 2016, and the Auditor stipulated that the Assessor received

       Migally’s change of address form on that date and that there was sufficient

       time, prior to the mailing of the notices required under Ind. Code §§ 6-1.1-25-

       4.5 and -4.6, for the Auditor and Assessor “to make sure all proper parties

       should have been noticed.” October 31, 2017 Transcript Volume 2 at 6. The

       Auditor further stipulated that there was “a failure in communication between

       the assessor’s office, auditor’s office, and treasurer’s office in regards to making

       sure the proper addresses were included on the list of four point five and four

       point six notices.” Id. at 7. Although Migally submitted its change of address

       on February 15, 2016, the Ind. Code §§ 6-1.1-25-4.5 and -4.6 notices mailed

       over two months later were not sent to the new and correct Carmel Address as

       directed by Migally. Based on the record, we cannot conclude that the notices

       in this case were issued in substantial compliance with the requirements

       prescribed by statute or that the trial court’s judgment is clearly erroneous. We

       do not disturb the court’s Order Setting Aside Tax Sale and Issuance of Deed or

       its ruling on Empire’s motion to correct error.


[16]   For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.


[17]   Affirmed.


       Altice, J., and Tavitas, J., concur.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1712-MI-2882 | August 27, 2018   Page 10 of 10
