[Cite as In re L.L., 2012-Ohio-4346.]




                       IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                           THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
                               HANCOCK COUNTY



IN THE MATTER OF:

        L.L.,                                           CASE NO. 5-12-05

ALLEGED DEPENDENT CHILD,
                                                        OPINION
[RANDY J. AND PATTY L. POWELL -
    APPELLANTS].


IN THE MATTER OF:

        N.L.,                                           CASE NO. 5-12-06

ALLEGED DEPENDENT CHILD,
                                                        OPINION
[RANDY J. AND PATTY L. POWELL -
    APPELLANTS].



                Appeals from Hancock County Common Pleas Court
                                Juvenile Division
                     Trial Court Nos. 20830037 and 20930027

                      Judgments Reversed and Causes Remanded

                          Date of Decision: September 24, 2012
Case Nos. 5-12-05 and 5-12-06


APPEARANCES:

      Garth W. Brown for Appellants

      Nicole M. Winget for Appellee, Nicole Bower

      Aaron Ried for Appellee, William Lentz

      Elizabeth A. Behrendt for Appellee, CASA/GAL


SHAW, P.J.

      {¶1} Appellants Randy and Patty Powell (“the Powells”) appeal the January

9, 2012, judgment of the Hancock County Common Pleas Court, Juvenile

Division, granting Mother-Appellee Nicole Bower’s (“Bower”) motions for

change in disposition regarding legal custody of the minor children L.L. and N.L.

      {¶2} The facts relevant to this appeal are as follows. The minor child L.L.

was born in July of 2008, and the minor child N.L. was born in July of 2009.

Bower and William Lentz are the biological parents of the two children.

      {¶3} On August 28, 2008, the Hancock County Job and Family Services

Child Protective Services Unit (hereinafter “CPSU”) filed a complaint alleging

that L.L. was a dependent child pursuant to R.C. 2151.04(B) and (C). (L.L. Doc.

1). The complaint alleged that CPSU received a report that Bower and Lentz

“were both seeing and hearing demonic spirits in the home.” (Id.) Further, the

complaint alleged that Lentz had a history of using inhalants, and that Lentz was a

registered sex offender based upon an incident from 2004. (Id.) The complaint

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alleged that there was a report from Robin Brown with Century Health wherein

Brown expressed concerns regarding the parents potentially trying to “exorcise

evil from the baby which may hurt the child.” (Id.)

       {¶4} Also on August 28, 2008, CPSU filed a motion for pre-dispositional

interim orders, requesting that emergency temporary custody of L.L. be granted to

CPSU. (Id.)

       {¶5} On August 28, 2008, the court granted the ex parte order of

emergency temporary custody to CPSU pending a full hearing. (L.L. Doc. 2).

       {¶6} On September 3, 2008, the court filed an entry granting emergency

temporary custody of L.L. to CPSU. The court found that CPSU had made

reasonable efforts to prevent the removal of L.L. and also found that removal was

in L.L.’s best interest. (L.L. Doc. 4).

       {¶7} On September 11, 2008, Bower admitted to the allegations in the

complaint that L.L. was dependent pursuant to R.C. 2151.04(B) and (C). The

court thus found by clear and convincing evidence that L.L. was a dependent child

as alleged.

       {¶8} On September 15, 2008, Julie Niswander was appointed CASA/GAL

for L.L. in this case. (L.L. Doc. 11).

       {¶9} On September 16, 2008, Bower, along with Lentz, did not contest the

evidence presented at the shelter care hearing and did not contest the court finding


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Case Nos. 5-12-05 and 5-12-06


that L.L. was dependent as alleged in the complaint. (L.L. Doc. 13). The court

therefore found by clear and convincing evidence that L.L. was a dependent child

as alleged in the complaint. (Id.)

       {¶10} On November 17, 2008, the Powells filed a motion for relative

placement of L.L. (L.L. Doc. 18). At a hearing on November 21, 2008, that

motion was withdrawn and L.L. remained in the custody of foster parents. In an

entry filed after that hearing, the court adopted a case plan filed September 16,

2008. (Id.)

       {¶11} On May 21, 2009, on a review of the case, it was determined that

relative placement was possible with the Powells and that the Powells were willing

to take custody of L.L. and work with CPSU.

       {¶12} In July of 2009, N.L. was born. On July 21, 2009, CPSU filed a

complaint alleging that N.L. was a dependent child pursuant to R.C. 2151.04(b),

(c), and (d). The complaint alleged that Bower could not “adequately protect her

children as she often flees from the home to escape Mr. Lentz, but later returns.”

The complaint further alleged that prior psychological evaluations precluded the

return of L.L. to the custody of Bower, and that the home-based therapist had

received threats from Lentz.

       {¶13} Also on July 21, 2009, CPSU filed a motion requesting an ex parte

order of emergency temporary custody of N.L. to CPSU. (N.L. Doc. 1).


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       {¶14} On July 23, 2009, the Powells filed motions for relative placement

for L.L. and N.L. (L.L. Doc. 27); (N.L. Doc. 4). On that same day, the court

ordered the children into the emergency custody of the Powells. (L.L. Doc. 28);

(N.L. Doc. 7).

       {¶15} On July 24, 2009, the court filed an entry finding that probable cause

existed to place L.L. and N.L. into the Powells’ legal custody, subject to protective

supervision of CPSU, and that it was in the children’s best interests. (L.L. Doc.

29); (N.L. Doc. 9).

       {¶16} On August 12, 2009, Julie Niswander was appointed GAL for N.L.

(N.L. Doc. 12).

       {¶17} On September 3, 2009, Bower admitted to the allegations alleged in

the complaint regarding N.L. being a dependent child pursuant to R.C. 2151.04(b),

(c), and (d). (N.L. Doc.17).

       {¶18} On October 1, 2009, a disposition hearing was held wherein N.L.

was placed into the Powells’ legal custody subject to protective supervision by

CPSU. (N.L. Doc. 21).

       {¶19} On February 12, 2010, the court adopted the case plan for N.L. filed

February 11, 2010. (N.L. Doc. 28).




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Case Nos. 5-12-05 and 5-12-06


       {¶20} On February 23, 2010, a new CASA/GAL was assigned to this case,

Stephanie Stephan, replacing the prior GAL, Julie Niswander. (L.L.Doc. 45);

(N.L. Doc. 32).

       {¶21} On April 27, 2010, a motion to terminate CPSU’s protective

supervision was filed. (L.L. Doc. 46); (N.L. Doc. 33). The court terminated said

supervision with the Powells having legal custody of L.L. and N.L. and visitation

with Bower continuing as previously ordered. (Doc. 47); (N.L. Doc. 34).

       {¶22} On May 12, 2011, the court ordered that protective supervision be

reinstated. (L.L. Doc. 57); (N.L. Doc. 45).

       {¶23} On June 3, 2011, Bower filed motions to change custody of L.L. and

N.L. (L.L. Doc. 59); (N.L. Doc. 47). On June 13, 2011, a hearing was held

wherein those motions to change custody were withdrawn. (L.L. Doc. 66); (N.L.

Doc. 54).

       {¶24} On July 7, 2011, GAL Stephanie Stephan filed for a motion for

change in disposition of L.L. and N.L. (L.L. Doc. 68); (N.L. Doc. 56). Stephan’s

motion was accompanied by an affidavit asserting, inter alia, that Bower had

made substantial progress on her case plan, and that there were various issues with

Mrs. Powell caring for the children. (Id.); (Id.)

       {¶25} On July 7, 2011, the court ordered that Bower be designated as

temporary custodian of L.L. and N.L. (L.L. Doc. 69); (N.L. Doc. 57).


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Case Nos. 5-12-05 and 5-12-06


        {¶26} On July 19, 2011, Bower filed her own motions to change custody of

L.L. and N.L. to her due to “safety concerns at their current residence,” arguing

also that it was in the children’s best interests. (L.L. Doc. 75); (N.L. Doc. 64).

        {¶27} The court held hearings on the motions August 15, 2011, September

30, 2011, November 21, 2011, and December 22, 2011. After the final hearing,

the court took the matter under advisement.

        {¶28} On January, 9, 2012, the court filed its entries granting custody of

L.L. and N.L. to Bower, finding that it was in the best interests of the children.

(L.L. Doc. 89); (N.L. Doc. 77). The court’s opinions read:

        After thoroughly considering all evidence presented, this court
        finds that it would be in the best interest of the children to grant
        the motion of the CASA/GAL and the mother to return custody
        to the mother. The custody shall be subject to the protective
        supervision of [CPSU] * * *.

(Id.); (Id.)

        {¶29} It is from these judgments that the Powells appeal, asserting the

following assignment of error for our review.

                    ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
        THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS
        DISCRETION WHEN IT USED A REUNIFICATION
        STANDARD AND FAILED TO COMPLETE A BEST
        INTEREST ANALYSIS.

        {¶30} In the Powells’ assignment of error, they argue, inter alia, that the

trial court did not make all of the required findings to modify or terminate the


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Case Nos. 5-12-05 and 5-12-06


Powells’ legal custody of L.L. and N.L.1 Specifically, the Powells argue that in

order to modify or terminate the disposition placing L.L. and N.L. in the Powells’

legal custody, the trial court was required to find that there was a change in

circumstances, and that it was in the children’s best interests that a change be

made.         Here, the Powells claim, the trial court did not find a change in

circumstances.

           {¶31} Initially we note that Powells were granted legal custody of L.L. and

N.L. after both children were adjudicated dependent. The Powells, as relatives of

L.L. and N.L., filed a motion for custody of L.L. and N.L. and the Powells were

subsequently granted legal custody. Revised Code 2151.353(A)(3) provides the

trial court with the authority to grant legal custody to relatives of the minor

children following a finding of dependency and the filing of a motion by those

relatives. R.C. 2151.353(A)(3) reads as follows:

           (A) If a child is adjudicated an abused, neglected, or dependent
           child, the court may make any of the following orders of
           disposition:

           ***

           (3) Award legal custody of the child to either parent or to any
           other person who, prior to the dispositional hearing, files a
           motion requesting legal custody of the child or is identified as a
           proposed legal custodian in a complaint or motion filed prior to
           the dispositional hearing by any party to the proceedings. A
           person identified in a complaint or motion filed by a party to the

1
    We elect to focus specifically on this one argument as it is dispositive in this case.

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Case Nos. 5-12-05 and 5-12-06


      proceedings as a proposed legal custodian shall be awarded legal
      custody of the child only if the person identified signs a
      statement of understanding for legal custody that contains at
      least the following provisions:

      {¶32} After the Powells had legal custody of L.L. and N.L., Bower and the

GAL in this case filed a motion requesting a change in custody. Revised Code

2151.353 also provides guidelines as to how a dispositional order made under this

section of the revised code may be modified or terminated in sections (E)(1) and

(2), which read:

       (E)(1) The court shall retain jurisdiction over any child for
      whom the court issues an order of disposition pursuant to
      division (A) of this section or pursuant to section 2151.414 or
      2151.415 of the Revised Code until the child attains the age of
      eighteen years if the child is not mentally retarded,
      developmentally disabled, or physically impaired, the child
      attains the age of twenty-one years if the child is mentally
      retarded, developmentally disabled, or physically impaired, or
      the child is adopted and a final decree of adoption is issued,
      except that the court may retain jurisdiction over the child and
      continue any order of disposition under division (A) of this
      section or under section 2151.414 or 2151.415 of the Revised
      Code for a specified period of time to enable the child to
      graduate from high school or vocational school. The court shall
      make an entry continuing its jurisdiction under this division in
      the journal.

      (2) Any public children services agency, any private child
      placing agency, the department of job and family services, or
      any party, other than any parent whose parental rights with
      respect to the child have been terminated pursuant to an order
      issued under division (A)(4) of this section, by filing a motion
      with the court, may at any time request the court to modify or
      terminate any order of disposition issued pursuant to division
      (A) of this section or section 2151.414 or 2151.415. The court

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Case Nos. 5-12-05 and 5-12-06


      shall hold a hearing upon the motion as if the hearing were the
      original dispositional hearing and shall give all parties to the
      action and the guardian ad litem notice of the hearing pursuant
      to the Juvenile Rules. If applicable, the court shall comply with
      section 2151.42 of the Revised Code.

R.C. 2151.353(E)(1)-(2). (Emphasis Added.)

      {¶33} Revised Code 2151.353(E)(2) thus directs us to R.C. 2151.42, if it is

applicable, in order to terminate or modify a dispositional order made under this

section. R.C. 2151.42 reads:


      A) At any hearing in which a court is asked to modify or
      terminate an order of disposition issued under section 2151.353,
      2151.415, or 2151.417 of the Revised Code, the court, in
      determining whether to return the child to the child's parents,
      shall consider whether it is in the best interest of the child.

      (B) An order of disposition issued under division (A)(3) of section
      2151.353, division (A)(3) of section 2151.415, or section 2151.417
      of the Revised Code granting legal custody of a child to a person
      is intended to be permanent in nature. A court shall not modify
      or terminate an order granting legal custody of a child unless it
      finds, based on facts that have arisen since the order was issued or
      that were unknown to the court at that time, that a change has
      occurred in the circumstances of the child or the person who was
      granted legal custody, and that modification or termination of the
      order is necessary to serve the best interest of the child.

R.C. 2151.42. (Emphasis Added.)

      {¶34} Both the Powells and Bower agree that this case is governed by R.C.

2151.42. Pursuant to the plain language of R.C. 2151.42(B), before modifying or

terminating a prior order made pursuant to R.C. 2151.353(A)(3), the trial court


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Case Nos. 5-12-05 and 5-12-06


was required to find a change in circumstances and to find that the modification or

termination was in the children’s best interests.

       {¶35} The trial court’s holding in this case regarding these issues reads as

follows:

       After thoroughly considering all evidence presented, this court
       finds that it would be in the best interest of the children to grant
       the motion of the CASA/GAL and the mother to return custody
       to the mother. The custody shall be subject to the protective
       supervision of [CPSU] * * *.

       It is further ordered that the legal custody of Randy Powell and
       Patty Powell shall be terminated but their supervised visitation
       rights shall be continued as presently scheduled at Harmony
       House on the explicit proviso that the Powell’s follow all rules
       established by Harmony House.

(L.L. Doc. 89); (N.L. Doc. 77).

       {¶36} Here, the trial court made no mention whatsoever of a change in

circumstances. Moreover, there is nothing in the trial court’s entry that could be

construed as findings of a change in circumstances. While the record may have

contained, as Bower suggests in her brief, evidence that would support a finding of

change in circumstance, it is not the function of an appellate court to both review

the record and make such a finding on behalf of a trial court. Due to the omitted

finding in this case, we have no choice but to reverse the judgment of the trial

court for failure to meet the specific requirements of R.C. 2151.42(B).




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       {¶37} Accordingly, the Powells’ first assignment of error is sustained and

the trial court’s judgments are reversed and remanded for proceedings consistent

with this opinion.

                                                        Judgments Reversed and
                                                             Causes Remanded

PRESTON and ROGERS, J.J., concur.

/jlr




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