                             STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

                           SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS


In re: E.M. & N.M.                                                                     FILED
                                                                                     January 14, 2013
                                                                                  RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK
No. 12-0919 (Boone County 10-JA-12 & 10-JA-13)                                  SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                    OF WEST VIRGINIA

                                 MEMORANDUM DECISION

        Petitioner Maternal Grandmother, by counsel Mark Hobbs, appeals the Circuit Court of
Boone County’s order entered on June 14, 2012, allowing the children to be adopted rather than
placed with petitioner.1 The guardian ad litem, L. Scott Briscoe, has filed his response on behalf
of the children. The West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by
William Bands, its attorney, has filed a response concurring in the response of the guardian.

       This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision is appropriate under Rule 21 of the Revised Rules of Appellate
Procedure.

        The abuse and neglect petition below was filed based on drug use and domestic violence
between the biological parents after N.M. was born with drugs in his system. Prior to the filing of
the petition, N.M. resided with both his mother and petitioner for approximately two weeks, and
E.M. resided with her mother and petitioner at different periods for approximately half of her life.
However, there is no evidence in the record that petitioner ever had any legal custody of either of
the children. Petitioner was granted intervenor status during these proceedings and sought custody
of the children. A home study was completed, and petitioner’s request for custody was denied.
E.M. and N.M.’s parents both had their parental rights terminated, and the circuit court found that
because petitioner was not a proper placement, the children should be placed for adoption.

       The Court has previously established the following standard of review:

       “Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de novo
       review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the facts
       without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
       evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether such
       child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a reviewing
       court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there

1
  The case below dealt with four children, all of whom are the grandchildren of petitioner.
However, the other two children who are not parties to the case at bar have been placed with their
biological fathers.
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       is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left
       with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed. However,
       a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply because it would have
       decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if the circuit court’s
       account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record viewed in its entirety.”
       Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223, 470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).

Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011).

        Petitioner first argues that the circuit court did not follow West Virginia Code § 49-6­
5(a)(6) because it failed to identify why continuation in petitioner’s home was not in the best
interests of the children as there were no specific allegations against petitioner. Secondly,
petitioner argues that the DHHR did not prove that the children should be placed for adoption
rather than placed with petitioner, because petitioner was a caretaker and custodial grandparent.
Petitioner notes that at the time the abuse and neglect petition was filed, two of the children were
living with her, and E.M. had lived approximately half her life with petitioner. Petitioner argues
that she was never properly considered as a placement for the children.

       The guardian responds in favor of the circuit court’s order, and notes that petitioner’s now
ex-husband was previously convicted of kidnapping and that petitioner’s divorce from him was
fraudulent. The guardian argues that the evidence shows the ex-husband moved only two doors
away and that petitioner allowed him to attend visitation with her after the divorce was final,
which proves that the divorce was in name only. The DHHR concurs in the response of the
guardian.

        This Court agrees with the findings of the circuit court. First, petitioner never had legal
custody of the children and, therefore, the circuit court was not required to make findings
regarding petitioner pursuant to West Virginia Code § 49-6-5(a)(6). Although petitioner does not
specifically rely on the grandparent preference in West Virginia Code § 49-3-1(a)(3), we have
previously held that “even with regard to this State’s statutory preference for considering
grandparents for adoption of a child in situations wherein the parental rights have been
terminated, this Court has clarified that such a preference is not an absolute directive to place
children with their grandparents in all circumstances.” Kristopher O. v. Mazzone, 227 W.Va. 184,
193, 706 S.E.2d 381, 390 (2011) (citing In re Elizabeth F., 225 W.Va. 780, 786–87, 696 S.E.2d
296, 302–03 (2010)). In the present case, this Court finds no error in the circuit court’s finding
that petitioner was not a proper placement for the children and in placing the children for
adoption.

       This Court reminds the circuit court of its duty to establish permanency for the children.
Rule 39(b) of the Rules of Procedure for Child Abuse and Neglect Proceedings requires:

       At least once every three months until permanent placement is achieved as defined
       in Rule 6, the court shall conduct a permanent placement review conference,
       requiring the multidisciplinary treatment team to attend and report as to progress


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       and development in the case, for the purpose of reviewing the progress in the
       permanent placement of the child.

Further, this Court reminds the circuit court of its duty pursuant to Rule 43 of the Rules of
Procedure for Child Abuse and Neglect Proceedings to find permanent placement for the children
within twelve months of the date of the disposition order. As this Court has stated,

       [t]he [twelve]-month period provided in Rule 43 of the West Virginia Rules of
       Procedures for Child Abuse and Neglect Proceedings for permanent placement of
       an abused and neglected child following the final dispositional order must be
       strictly followed except in the most extraordinary circumstances which are fully
       substantiated in the record.

Syl. Pt. 6, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011). Moreover, this Court has stated
that

       [i]n determining the appropriate permanent out-of-home placement of a child
       under W.Va.Code § 49-6-5(a)(6) [1996], the circuit court shall give priority to
       securing a suitable adoptive home for the child and shall consider other placement
       alternatives, including permanent foster care, only where the court finds that
       adoption would not provide custody, care, commitment, nurturing and discipline
       consistent with the child's best interests or where a suitable adoptive home can not
       be found.

Syl. Pt. 3, State v. Michael M., 202 W.Va. 350, 504 S.E.2d 177 (1998). Finally, “[t]he guardian ad
litem’s role in abuse and neglect proceedings does not actually cease until such time as the child
is placed in a permanent home.” Syl. Pt. 5, James M. v. Maynard, 185 W.Va. 648, 408 S.E.2d 400
(1991).

        For the foregoing reasons, the circuit court’s order denying placement of the children with
petitioner is hereby affirmed.



                                                                                         Affirmed.

ISSUED: January 14, 2013

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Brent D. Benjamin
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Allen H. Loughry II

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