                                                                                                                           Opinions of the United
2006 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


2-28-2006

Zheng v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 05-1605




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                                                                NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT


                                      No. 05-1605


                                RONG QUAN ZHENG,
                                            Petitioner

                                           v.

         ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA;
          BUREAU OF CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION SERVICES,
                                       Respondents


                 On Petition for Review of a Decision and Order of the
                             Board of Immigration Appeals
                                (BIA No. A70-578-452)


                  Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                 February 9, 2006
         Before: SCIRICA, Chief Judge, BARRY and FISHER, Circuit Judges

                               (Filed: February 28, 2006)


                              OPINION OF THE COURT


SCIRICA, Chief Judge.

      Petitioner Rong Quan Zheng, a native and citizen of the People’s Republic of

China, seeks review of a final removal order of the Board of Immigration Appeals, which

affirms the decision of the Immigration Judge to deny Zheng’s application for asylum,
withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture. We have

jurisdiction to review the Board’s order under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We will affirm.

                                              I.

       Because we write for the parties, an abbreviated recitation of the facts will suffice.

In his initial application for asylum, Zheng alleged he was married in 1987. He and his

wife had their first child in 1988, and their second child in 1990. In 1991, officials

attempted to force Zheng’s wife to undergo sterilization, but ultimately inserted an IUD

instead. Notwithstanding the IUD, Zheng’s wife became pregnant a third time. Officials

took her to a hospital and forced her to abort the pregnancy. Officials then forced Zheng

to undergo sterilization.

       Zheng left China in December 1991 and entered the United States on August 28,

1992. On March 22, 1993, Zheng applied for asylum and withholding of removal. On

April 18, 1997, the Immigration and Naturalization Service1 served Zheng with a Notice

to Appear, charging that he was subject to removal for entering the United States without

valid entry documents. On March 10, 1999, and June 27, 2003, Zheng submitted

amendments to his asylum application, in which he recited different facts than those




   1
    The INS has since been abolished, and its asylum functions are now performed by the
Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services. See Knapik v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 84, 86
n.2 (3d Cir. 2004) (citing Homeland Security Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-296, §§ 441,
451, 471, 116 Stat. 2135 (2002)).

                                              2
contained in his original application.2 At an evidentiary hearing on November 24, 2003,

Zheng admitted he entered the United States without valid documentation, conceded

removability, and offered yet another version of events.3

       The IJ found Zheng’s testimony was not credible, and issued an oral decision

denying Zheng’s application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the

Convention Against Torture. Zheng appealed to the Board, which affirmed the IJ’s

decision without opinion on February 2, 2005. On February 25, 2005, Zheng filed this

petition for review.

                                             II.

       Where the Board affirms the IJ’s decision without opinion, we review the order of

the IJ. Gao v. Ashcroft, 299 F.3d 266, 271 (3d Cir. 2002). We review an adverse

credibility finding under the substantial evidence standard, meaning we will uphold the

IJ's findings “to the extent that they are ‘supported by reasonable, substantial, and



   2
    In addition to other discrepancies with Zheng’s initial application, both amendments
state the IUD was implanted in Zheng’s wife after their first child was born. Also, the
1999 amendment alleges officials detained Zheng for a week after the birth of their
second child, and informed him he had to pay a quarterly fine of 400 RMB. The 2003
amendment does not mention detainment, but states that officials visited Zheng’s home
and pressured him to admit he had made a mistake. Neither amendment mentioned a
third pregnancy or forced abortion, as mentioned in the initial application.
   3
    In addition to other discrepancies with previous versions of events, Zheng’s testimony
alleged his children were left alone when officials forcibly brought him to a hospital for
sterilization. Zheng also alleged that after being sterilized, officials visited him every day
for a week, pressuring him to sign a document expressing repentance for having two
children. They informed him he would have to pay a quarterly fine of 400 RMB.

                                              3
probative evidence on the record considered as a whole.’” Balasubramanrim v. INS, 143

F.3d 157, 161 (3d Cir. 1998) (quoting INS v. Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S. 478 (1992)). We

are “required to sustain an adverse credibility determination ‘unless . . . no reasonable

person’ would have found the applicant incredible.” He Chun Chen v. Ashcroft, 376 F.3d

215, 223 (3d Cir. 2004).

                                            III.

       To establish eligibility for asylum, an alien must demonstrate that he or she meets

the statutory definition of “refugee.” 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1). A refugee is an alien who

cannot return to his or her country of origin “because of persecution or a well–founded

fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular

social group, or political opinion.” § 1101(a)(42). A person who has been forced to

undergo involuntary sterilization “shall be deemed to have been persecuted on account of

political opinion,” and a person who has a well founded fear that he or she will be forced

to undergo involuntary sterilization “shall be deemed to have a well–founded fear of

persecution on account of political opinion.” Id. An asylum applicant bears the burden

of supporting his or her claim through credible testimony. Gao, 299 F.3d at 272.

       To establish eligibility for withholding of removal, an applicant must demonstrate

by a “clear probability” that his or her life or freedom would be threatened in the

proposed country of deportation. 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(A). Similarly, an applicant for

protection under the Convention Against Torture must demonstrate “that it is more likely

than not that he or she would be tortured if removed to the proposed country of removal.”

                                              4
8 C.F.R. § 208.16(c)(2)(2006). “Torture” is defined as the governmental imposition of

“severe pain and suffering” for purposes such as intimidation, obtaining information,

punishment, or discrimination. 8 C.F.R. § 1208.18(a)(1)(2006). Like an applicant for

asylum, applicants for withholding of removal and protection under the Convention

Against Torture have the burden of supporting their applications through credible

testimony. See Dia v. Ashcroft, 353 F.3d 228, 233–34, 247 (3d Cir. 2003); Mulanga v.

Ashcroft, 349 F.3d 123, 133 (3d Cir. 2003).

       Here, the IJ denied Zheng’s application because he found Zheng lacked credibility.

He cited Zheng’s failure to recall detail, and the numerous discrepancies between Zheng’s

testimony, initial application for asylum, and subsequent amendments. He noted Zheng

offered no explanation for these discrepancies. The IJ also questioned the authenticity of

certain documents allegedly establishing Zheng’s identity and supporting his application.

       The IJ’s adverse credibility finding is supported by the record. The discrepancies

in Zheng’s initial application, amendments, and testimony “go to the heart” of his claims

of past persecution, and his fears of future persecution. See Gao, 299 F.3d at 272. Zheng

stated in his initial application that Chinese officials forcibly inserted an IUD in his wife

after the birth of their second child. In his amendments and testimony, he asserted the

IUD had been inserted after the birth of their first child. Zheng’s original application did

not refer to actions by Chinese officials after his sterilization, but his 1999 amendment

stated he was detained for a week. His 2003 amendment and his testimony did not

mention detainment, but included varying stories of visits by officials. In addition, the

                                              5
record demonstrates legitimate questions regarding the authenticity of Zheng’s supporting

documents, and medical evidence contradicts Zheng’s claim of sterilization by showing a

normal sperm count.

       We conclude Zheng has not provided sufficient support for his claims so as to

“compel” a favorable credibility finding. See Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S. at 481 n.1 (“To

reverse the BIA finding we must find that the evidence not only supports that conclusion,

but compels it . . . .”). Accordingly, Zheng has not met his burden of establishing

eligibility for asylum, withholding of removal, or protection under the Convention

Against Torture through credible testimony.

                                            IV.

       For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the order of the Board.




                                              6
