[Cite as Estate of Richardson v. Bowling Green State Univ., 2010-Ohio-3475.]

                                                        Court of Claims of Ohio
                                                                                       The Ohio Judicial Center
                                                                               65 South Front Street, Third Floor
                                                                                          Columbus, OH 43215
                                                                                614.387.9800 or 1.800.824.8263
                                                                                           www.cco.state.oh.us




ESTATE OF AARON M. RICHARDSON, etc.

       Plaintiff

       v.

BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY

       Defendant
       Case No. 2005-10179

Judge Clark B. Weaver Sr.

DECISION




        {¶ 1} Plaintiff brought this action alleging wrongful death and survivorship. The
issues of liability and damages were bifurcated and the case proceeded to trial on the
issue of liability.
        {¶ 2} On September 15, 2004, decedent Aaron Richardson was an 18-year-old
Bowling Green State University (BGSU) freshman who had aspirations of becoming a
non-scholarship “walk-on” defensive back for BGSU’s football team. On that day, Aaron
was on the practice field as the 3:00 p.m. practice was set to begin. It was a hot
afternoon with temperatures reaching 85 degrees. Before the team drills began it was
customary for the team to run “gassers,” a conditioning exercise in which the players
run interval sprints from sideline to sideline. On that particular day, the walk-ons ran
gassers on a separate field from the scholarship players.
        {¶ 3} After participating in gassers, the third-string and walk-on players,
including Aaron, moved to an adjacent practice area to begin a stretching regimen.
Chris Haneline, a former BGSU player and graduate assistant coach, was assigned to
coach the defensive scout team under the supervision of defensive coordinator, Coach
Beckman.      Neither Haneline nor Beckman had ever met Aaron prior to that day.
According to Haneline, Aaron complained of cramping in his lower legs shortly after the
stretching exercises began.
       {¶ 4} Although there is some debate about the events that transpired over the
next hour and considerable disagreement regarding the time when certain events
occurred, the weight of the evidence establishes the following sequence of events.
       {¶ 5} Student coach Jeff Runnels attempted to help Aaron alleviate the
cramping by holding his feet and gently stretching his calves and hamstrings as Aaron
lay on his back. When Aaron continued to complain of cramping, both Haneline and
Runnels suggested that he get out of the sun and go inside. Haneline told Aaron that
he may not be cut out for football as he felt Aaron must have been out of shape.
       {¶ 6} Runnels testified that as Aaron lay on the field, unable to perform the
stretching exercises, Beckman yelled at Aaron to “get the fuck off the field!” Haneline,
however, did not hear any such comments directed toward Aaron. Aaron left the field
under his own power with Runnels following behind him. Haneline stated that when
Aaron left the field, he and Runnels were the only ones who knew that Aaron had
complained of cramping.
       {¶ 7} Gerald Barry, a student assistant assigned to work with the training staff in
the women’s soccer program, testified that he was in the locker room when Aaron
walked in with Runnels. Runnels asked Barry to help Aaron get out of his gear. Aaron
sat down on the floor with his back against the lockers and then proceeded to lay on the
floor in the prone position as he continued to complain of cramping in his legs. Barry
observed that Aaron’s pulse was normal but that he was sweating and breathing
heavily. Barry attempted to hydrate Aaron with Gatorade but Aaron was not able to
drink after the first two sips. At that point, Barry sent Runnels out to the athletic field to
retrieve a trainer.
       {¶ 8} Barry stated that after Runnels left to get a trainer Aaron complained that
he was beginning to experience cramping in his abdomen as well as his legs. Feeling a
sense of urgency, Barry used his cellular phone in an attempt to reach Assistant Athletic
Trainer Annette Davidson but she did not answer. Barry admitted that he thought about
calling 911 at that moment but that he did not feel he had the authority to do so. The
time was approximately 3:15 p.m.
      {¶ 9} When Runnels found Davidson to inform her of Aaron’s condition it was
approximately 3:25 to 3:30 pm. Davidson rushed to the locker room where she found
Aaron lying on his back with ice packs under his legs. Aaron appeared anxious and
excited but his pulse was normal.       Head Athletic Trainer Doug Boersma called
Davidson’s cellular phone at 3:35 p.m. for an update on Aaron and she relayed his
condition to Boersma.
      {¶ 10} According to Davidson, Aaron responded appropriately when she asked
him if he had eaten that day and whether he had enough to drink. Davidson checked
his legs but she could not find any physical signs of cramping. Aaron then grabbed her
ankle and exclaimed that he was “cramping all over.” Davidson didn’t understand why
Aaron was complaining of full-body cramping and she made a telephone call to
Boersma. The time of the call was 3:40 p.m. Boersma recalled that Davidson told him
she was going to call 911 for assistance. Davidson then left Aaron’s side to retrieve a
blood pressure cuff and some Gatorade.
      {¶ 11} Barry and Runnels moved Aaron from the locker room to a less humid
area just outside the door. Aaron was weak and unable to walk without assistance.
When Davidson returned, Aaron was sitting on the floor with his back against the wall.
She was unable to inflate the blood pressure cuff because of a leak.         When she
checked Aaron’s pupils, she found that they were slow to respond and when she
checked his pulse she found it to be very slow. Davidson decided it was time to call 911
and she proceeded to the training room to use the telephone.
      {¶ 12} Boersma arrived outside the locker room to find Aaron sitting with his back
against the wall and his legs straight out in front of him. He leaned over and said
“Rough first day?” Aaron responded “Yeah, rough first day.”
      {¶ 13} As Davidson was on the phone with emergency services, Boersma
entered the training room to retrieve Aaron’s medical records.      Telephone records
confirm that Davidson placed the call at 3:42 p.m. Davidson then heard Barry calling for
Boersma to return as Aaron had stopped breathing and had no pulse. Boersma rushed
back to begin performing CPR as Davidson grabbed the Automatic Electronic
Defibrillator (AED). In the next few minutes they attempted to revive Aaron. AED
records indicate that the device was activated at 3:44 p.m. The ambulance arrived at
3:47 p.m., left with Aaron at 3:48 p.m., and arrived at the hospital at 4:05 p.m. Aaron
never regained consciousness and he was pronounced dead at 5:35 p.m.
       {¶ 14} Aaron’s mother, Alice Ashburn, testified that Aaron was a star athlete in
high school and that he played football and ran track. According to Ashburn, Aaron had
passed numerous, mandatory physical examinations in order to play on his high school
sports teams. Aaron’s high school track and assistant football coach, Shane Burrows,
testified that Aaron was an outstanding track athlete who had achieved a record number
of points as a high school sprinter. Burrows recalled that Aaron had a tremendous work
ethic on the football field and that the coaches could never work Aaron hard enough to
tire him out. In his senior year Aaron was named to the “All Ohio Track Team.”
       {¶ 15} Aaron’s brother, Jaron, was diagnosed with sickle cell disease at birth.
When Aaron was tested for the disease at the age of seven it was determined that
Aaron had sickle cell trait but not sickle cell disease. The medical experts who testified
in this case agree that sickle cell is a genetic abnormality affecting the blood. The red
blood cells in sickle cell patients experience a diminished capacity to carry oxygen. A
crisis occurs when the red blood cells become hypoxic and collapse into a sickle shape.
The deformation of the red blood cells causes the blood vessels to become clogged.
The pressure in the blood vessels causes significant pain in the affected area and the
restricted blood flow can result in ischemic injuries to muscle tissue and vital organs.
       {¶ 16} A patient with sickle cell disease inherits the abnormal gene from both
parents whereas a sickle cell trait patient inherits the gene from just one parent.
Patients with sickle cell disease experience sickling and related physiological problems
throughout their lives and they require lifetime treatment. Sickle cell trait patients rarely
experience adverse effects from the disease and may never require treatment. Indeed,
while Jaron had endured more than 300 sickle cell crises in his 19 years, Aaron had
never experienced a single such crisis.
       {¶ 17} When Aaron was a child, his family physician, Dr. Richard Keller detected
a slight cardiac murmur during a routine medical examination. Keller testified that he
was not concerned about the condition and that it was later determined through testing
that Aaron’s heart function was normal.
        {¶ 18} Plaintiff’s theory of liability is that when Aaron first complained of cramping
while stretching on the practice field, the standard of care required an immediate
evaluation of his condition by a qualified athletic trainer.           Plaintiff alleges that a
competent evaluation at or about 3:00 p.m. would have alerted the training staff to the
possibility that Aaron’s condition was more serious than simple exertional cramping.
Plaintiff posits that a call for emergency medical attention made at or near that time
would have assured that Aaron would receive life-saving treatment.
        {¶ 19} Given the proximity of the practice field to both the local emergency squad
and an emergent care facility, it is reasonable to conclude that a squad would have
arrived at the field within five or ten minutes of the emergency call and that Aaron would
have arrived at Wood County Hospital for life-saving care within 20 to 25 minutes of the
call. Indeed, the evidence is that the local emergency squad arrived just five minutes
after Davidson dialed 911 and that Aaron arrived at the hospital 23 minutes after the
call.   The time of cardiac arrest is fixed by the testimony and other evidence at
approximately 3:43 p.m., which is when Aaron stopped breathing and lost
consciousness.
        {¶ 20} In further support of plaintiff’s theory, plaintiff called to testify Mark Merrick,
a certified athletic trainer and Ohio State University professor of exercise
pathophysiology. Merrick testified that Aaron’s complaints of cramping in his lower legs
should have been reported to a certified athletic trainer and that an immediate
examination should have been performed to determine whether Aaron was suffering
from a more serious condition. According to Merrick, palpating the affected area for
signs of knotted muscle tissue would have revealed to a qualified trainer that Aaron’s
lower leg pain was of a different etiology. He opined that BGSU did not meet the
standard of care in the field of athletic training by permitting Aaron to be sent off the field
without first undergoing such an examination.
        {¶ 21} On cross-examination, however, Merick admitted that Aaron’s ability to
walk off the field under his own power was a counter indication of anything more serious
than simple exertional cramping.
       {¶ 22} With respect to Aaron’s subsequent care, Merrick opined that when Aaron
became weak and complained that he was cramping all over, Barry should have
realized that Aaron was having a sickle cell crisis and immediately called for emergency
medical assistance. Merrick testified that the call should have been made at or about
3:10 p.m. to 3:13 p.m. On cross-examination, Merrick admitted that he relied upon
Barry’s observations in forming his opinion, and that Barry’s observations conflicted with
those reported by Davidson. Merrick also confirmed that he had placed some of the
responsibility for this tragedy upon Aaron himself for neglecting to inform defendant’s
training staff that he had been diagnosed with sickle cell trait. According to Merrick,
Aaron should have disclosed the condition when the specific inquiry was made of him in
the medical questionnaire.
       {¶ 23} Defendant contends that given Aaron’s relatively minor on-the-field
symptoms and his ability to walk off the field under his own power, trainers were under
no obligation to evaluate him while he was still on the practice field. In support of this
contention, defendant presented the testimony of Michigan State University Head
Athletic Trainer, Stephen Monroe.       Monroe is a past president of the National
Association of Athletic Trainers and he has worked at MSU for the past 24 years,
primarily with the football program. Monroe testified that the recommended course of
treatment for a football player who complains of cramping is to hydrate the player, move
him out of the sun, and to allow him to rest while under the observation of either an
assistant trainer or student assistant. During this period, the player‘s recent food and
fluid intake should be ascertained and that information along with any other relevant
findings, should be reported to the head trainer no later than 30 minutes after the player
is first evaluated.
       {¶ 24} It was Monroe’s opinion that given the relatively common complaints of
localized cramping experienced by Aaron, defendant’s training staff would have had no
reason to suspect that Aaron was experiencing a more serious condition such as heat
exhaustion, sickling, or rhabdomyolysis. Similarly, the fact that Aaron was able to walk
off the field under his own power convinced Monroe that defendant’s training staff had
no duty to evaluate Aaron before he was sent to the locker room. In Monroe’s opinion,
the failure of the coaching staff to notify the training staff of Aaron’s cramping would
have not made any difference in the course of events.
       {¶ 25} With respect to Aaron’s care after he reached the locker room, Monroe
noted that Barry took a history from Aaron, checked his pulse and offered him fluids.
Based upon his review of the witness statements and depositions, Monroe concluded
that Barry had no duty to call for emergency medical assistance. Monroe agreed that if
Aaron had demonstrated a change in his mental status, the standard of care applied to
an athletic trainer would have required an immediate call for emergency medical
assistance. On cross-examination, Monroe also admitted that if Aaron exhibited full-
body cramping while being attended to by Barry then Barry should have called for
emergency help.
       {¶ 26} Davidson testified that, in 2004, football was her primary sport and that
she attended all practices and contests. Davidson had first met Aaron on the previous
day when she interviewed him, as she did with all walk-on players, to review his medical
information.    According to Davidson, Aaron appeared to be in excellent physical
condition. Davidson remembered congratulating Aaron on the relatively clean family
medical history reflected in the medical forms Aaron had completed. Aaron agreed that
he was very fortunate. However, Aaron neglected to tell Davidson that he had been
diagnosed with sickle cell trait which fact he had omitted from the information on the
medical questionnaire that he had completed, even though the form contains a specific
inquiry about sickle cell trait.
       {¶ 27} Based upon the evidence presented in this case, the court finds that the
standard of care did not require defendant’s training staff to perform an examination of
Aaron before he left the field. The court is persuaded by Monroe’s testimony that
cramping in the lower legs is a common condition among practicing athletes and that an
athlete who complains of calf pain after having run pre-practice gassers, need not be
evaluated by training staff. Moreover, as noted above, defendant’s training staff could
not have had knowledge that Aaron had sickle cell trait or even that he suffered from
any other medical condition that would have put him at risk of a more serious problem.
In short, while it may have been prudent for the coaches to inform the training staff of
Aaron’s complaints before ordering him off the field, plaintiff has failed to prove either
that the standard of care required an immediate, on-the-field evaluation by defendant’s
training staff or that such an evaluation would have resulted in a different course of
action.
          {¶ 28} Nonetheless, Merrick and Monroe agreed that the standard of care
requires training personnel to summon emergency medical assistance when an athlete
exhibits either full-body cramping or an altered mental state.        Both Boersma and
Davidson acknowledged as much in their own testimony.            The evidence leaves no
doubt that at some point prior to cardiac arrest, Aaron experienced both of these
warning signs. The questions for the court are when any such signs manifested and
whether a call to 911 at such time would have made a difference in the outcome.
          {¶ 29} Plaintiff claims that Aaron complained of whole-body cramping at 3:15
p.m., while he was being attended to by Barry and Runnels in the locker room. Plaintiff
claims that Aaron could still have been saved had emergency medical assistance been
summoned at that time.           Defendant believes that its training staff responded
appropriately to Aaron’s worsening condition and that emergency services were
requested as soon as the need for such services was reasonably discernable. In the
alternative, defendant argues that even if defendant’s training staff had earlier
summoned emergency medical assistance, such intervention would not have changed
the outcome.
          {¶ 30} Andrew Campbell, M.D. is employed in the department of pediatric
hematology and oncology at the University of Michigan Hospital; he is licensed to
practice medicine in Michigan. Dr. Campbell is board-certified in pediatric hematology
and oncology and he testified that his work with sickle cell anemia patients makes up
approximately 85 percent of his clinical practice.
          {¶ 31} Dr. Campbell was contacted by defendant to testify as an expert in this
matter. He reviewed the autopsy report, the Wood County Memorial Hospital medical
records, various witness depositions and statements, and the reports submitted by the
other experts involved in this litigation.
          {¶ 32} Dr. Campbell does not believe it is possible to identify the point in time
after Aaron began cramping when Aaron’s life could no longer be saved. Campbell did
opine that even if resuscitation efforts were started 10 to 15 minutes prior to Aaron’s
cardiac arrest, it is unlikely that Aaron would have survived. Dr. Campbell’s opinion was
based upon two important factors:            1) Aaron’s extremely low hemoglobin level,
measured at 8.4 (normal is 14-16); and 2) Aaron’s extremely high sodium level,
measured at 184 parts per liter (normal is 131-143). Given these measured levels, Dr.
Campbell opined that in the 10 to 15-minute time frame prior to arrest, Aaron’s condition
had deteriorated past the point where he could be saved. Indeed, Dr. Campbell related
a 75 percent mortality rate for patients whose serum sodium level reaches 160.
       {¶ 33} Dr. Campbell concluded that Aaron was suffering from severe acidosis
shortly before his death, and that the acidosis led to a condition known as
Rhabdomyolysis, which is a catastrophic deterioration of muscle cells generally
associated with severe dehydration. According to Dr. Campbell, Rhabdomyolysis is a
common component of death in patients who experience a sickle cell crisis.
       {¶ 34} Although Dr. Campbell was aware that Aaron’s autopsy revealed sickling,
he concluded that a sickle cell crisis was not the cause of Aaron’s death. In fact, Dr.
Campbell did not believe Aaron experienced a sickle cell crisis at all.         Rather, he
believed that Aaron’s death was the result of exertional heat exhaustion which led to
both acidosis and Rhabdomyolysis which, in turn, led to cardiopulmonary collapse. Dr.
Campbell explained that there is a “direct relationship” between dehydration and sickling
and that Aaron’s sickling likely occurred because of dehydration.
       {¶ 35} Dr. Campbell opined that Aaron would not have known his leg pain was
from sickling because he had never experienced sickling during his lifetime.            Dr.
Campbell described an exertional sickling crisis as a “precipitous event” associated with
a   high   rate   of   mortality,   particularly   when   accompanied   by   acidosis   and
Rhabdomyolysis. He stated that most of the scientific knowledge about the physiology
of a sickle cell crisis in trait patients is anecdotal, and that the medical community has a
“poor understanding at this point.”
       {¶ 36} Plaintiff presented the expert medical testimony of Dr. Thamal Schaban,
who is licensed to practice medicine in Ohio and is board-certified in internal medicine,
pulmonary medicine, intensive care and sleep medicine. Dr. Schaban has had three
and one-half years of training in emergency medicine and he considers himself a
specialist in resuscitation. He stated that he had never before testified as an expert
witness in a medical case.
         {¶ 37} According to Dr. Schaban, the primary resuscitation technique for a
patient in sickle cell crisis is to provide hydration and oxygenation; pain therapy and a
blood transfusion are secondary treatments. Dr. Schaban opined that the cause of
Aaron’s death was a sickle cell crisis induced by exercise and dehydration. According
to Dr. Schaban, sickling of red blood cells causes patients to experience immediate
pain, but that with appropriate and timely resuscitation sickling does not always result in
a crisis. Indeed, Dr. Schaban opined that Aaron probably would have survived had
intravenous fluid been administered to Aaron just 10 or 15 minutes prior to
cardiopulmonary collapse.      Once Aaron’s pulse was lost, however, Dr. Schaban
estimated that Aaron’s chances for survival fell to approximately 20-25 percent.
         {¶ 38} Dr. Schaban testified on cross-examination that given the exact time when
Aaron experienced cardiopulmonary collapse, the time it took emergency personnel to
arrive at the scene after being called, and the fact that it would likely have taken several
minutes for an emergency medical technician to establish an intravenous line,
emergency services needed to be summoned by 3:25 p.m. in order for Aaron to be
saved.
         {¶ 39} Dr. Schaban acknowledged that he is not a hematologist; that he has
treated only two patients with sickle cell trait in his career; and that he has never been
called upon to resuscitate a sickle cell trait patient in crisis. He is not aware of any
studies regarding survival rates for sickle cell trait patients in an exertional crisis and
thus, his opinion on the subject is based in large part upon his review of several case
studies. In each of the cases he reviewed, the patient eventually died.
         {¶ 40} Plaintiff also produced the expert testimony of Michael Levien, M.D., a
pediatric hematologist and staff oncologist at the Cleveland Clinic. Dr. Levien is board-
certified in general pediatrics and he has been twice certified in the “sub-board” of
pediatric hematology/oncology. Dr. Levien testified that Aaron’s death was due to a
cardiopulmonary crisis secondary to a sickle cell crisis. Dr. Levien has treated Aaron’s
brother Jaron for 20 years relative to his sickle cell disease. According to Dr. Levien,
Jaron has experienced a variety of sickle cell crises over the years including crises
originating in the bone, the chest and lungs, and other vital organs. Not one of the
crises experienced by Jaron was caused by exertion as was the case with Aaron.
       {¶ 41} Although Dr. Levien has resuscitated countless sickle cell disease patients
in crisis, he acknowledged that he has never performed such life-saving procedures on
a sickle cell trait patient who was experiencing exertional sickling. According to Dr.
Levien, there is insufficient scientific data available to establish survival rates for such
patients. Nevertheless, Dr. Levien opined that had efforts to resuscitate Aaron begun
as little as 10 to 15 minutes prior to cardiac arrest, he probably would have survived.
       {¶ 42} Dr. Levien did not accept the sodium levels measured in the samples
taken at Wood County Hospital. He believed that measured levels did not accurately
reflect Aaron’s condition when he arrived at the hospital given the intravenous
treatments administered to Aaron in connection with resuscitation. Consequently, Dr.
Levien did not agree that Aaron was hypernatremic.              Dr. Levien was similarly
unconvinced that Rhabdomyolysis played any part in Aaron’s death.
       {¶ 43} Defendant’s expert, Dr. Steven Cantrill is a semi-retired emergency room
physician who is board-certified in emergency medicine. Dr. Cantrill described Aaron’s
initial complaints of cramping as “relatively mild” and “atypical” of a patient who would
require life-saving treatment just 20 to 25 minutes later.         Dr. Cantrill considered
hypernatremia to be the most significant factor contributing to Aaron’s death.            He
repeatedly testified that Aaron’s sodium level was “astoundingly high” and that such an
elevated level of serum sodium was “inconsistent with life.” Indeed, the measured level
of sodium in Aaron’s blood plasma convinced Dr. Cantrill that Aaron had been
dehydrated for a lengthy period of time prior to the practice, perhaps hours or even days
prior. Dr. Cantrill acknowledged that Aaron received intravenous fluids at the hospital,
but he opined that such treatment could not have resulted in the extraordinarily high
level of sodium in Aaron’s blood. Given the Wood County Hospital lab results, Dr.
Cantrill opined that beginning resuscitation efforts 15 minutes earlier would have made
no difference in the outcome.      Dr. Cantrill did not feel that the available data was
sufficient for him to determine whether the sickling noted in the autopsy report began
prior to Aaron’s death or postmortem.
       {¶ 44} Based upon the lay and expert testimony presented in this case, the court
finds that defendant did not breach the standard of care owed to plaintiff when it sent
Aaron off the field accompanied only by a student athletic trainer. The weight of the
testimony does not convince the court that the standard of care in the field of athletic
training requires an on-the-field evaluation by a certified athletic trainer under the
circumstances presented herein.       Aaron complained of minor leg cramps after a
relatively short period of exertion that occurred at the start of practice. The question
whether the standard of care would have required greater vigilance on the part of
BGSU’s training staff had they been aware of Aaron’s particular medical condition prior
to the start of practice is a more difficult question for the court but not the relevant
inquiry in this case.
       {¶ 45} Plaintiff’s alternative theory is that BGSU’s training staff had a duty to seek
emergency medical intervention much earlier in the course of events. As noted above,
the consensus among the certified athletic trainers who testified in this case is, that
once a player either develops full-body cramping or demonstrates an altered mental
state, emergency medical services should be summoned regardless of what the
suspected cause of the player’s medical condition might be.
       {¶ 46} The evidence establishes that relevant, reliable survival rates for patients
with Aaron’s rare condition are simply not yet available to the medical community. Drs.
Levien and Schaban opined that Aaron could have been resuscitated had such efforts
been initiated 10 to 15 minutes earlier. Conversely, Drs. Cantrill and Campbell opined
that resuscitation efforts undertaken at the earlier time would have been futile. Indeed,
the court found the testimony of Dr. Cantrill to be the most persuasive in that he was
convinced that Aaron’s dehydration was such that his chances for survival were
minimal.
       {¶ 47} Although plaintiff provided an adequate foundation for the court to admit
the testimony of its experts on the issue of survivability, the weight of the evidence
establishes that the dramatic downward spiral in Aaron’s condition from the point in time
when he first experienced whole-body cramping to the time of his death was so
precipitous that Aaron’s survival was unlikely. While the evidence does not permit the
court to pinpoint the moment in time when Aaron’s life was irretrievably lost, the
evidence persuades the court that such a point in time was much earlier in the course of
events than plaintiff suggests. Plaintiff’s expert, Dr. Levien, explained that it is more
difficult for sickle cell trait patients to recover from a sickle cell crisis than it is for sickle
cell disease patients inasmuch as patients who have the disease have become
acclimated to a chronically low hemoglobin level whereas trait patients generally have
normal hemoglobin.         In other words, sickle cell disease patients have adapted to
sickling and can recover more quickly and successfully. Additionally, according to Dr.
Campbell, the medical evidence suggests that sickle cell patients who experience a
crisis due to exertion have a lower survival rate than those whose sickling can be
attributed to other causes. As noted by several of the medical experts who testified in
this case, the survival rate for sickle cell trait patients who experience an exertional
sickling crisis, such as Aaron, is unknown. In a negligence action, plaintiff has the
burden of establishing the essential element of proximate cause. See Mussivand v.
David (1989), 45 Ohio St.3d 314,318.                Plaintiff has not met that burden.1 In the
alternative, even if the court were to conclude that the standard of care required
defendant’s staff to make the call to 911 as early as 3:15 p.m., when Barry allegedly
observed Aaron in a full-body cramp, the weight of the evidence does not convince the
court that the outcome would have been different.
        {¶ 48} For the foregoing reasons, the court finds plaintiff has failed to prove her
claim by the preponderance of the evidence and, accordingly, judgment shall be
rendered in favor of defendant.




                                                     Court of Claims of Ohio
                                                                                  The Ohio Judicial Center
                                                                          65 South Front Street, Third Floor
                                                                                     Columbus, OH 43215
                                                                           614.387.9800 or 1.800.824.8263
                                                                                      www.cco.state.oh.us




        1
         Having determined that plaintiff failed to prove her claim by the preponderance of the evidence,
BGSU’s alternative argument that both the wrongful death and survivorship claims are barred by the
release executed by Aaron is not dispositive of any of the claims in this case. Moreover, as the court
noted in denying defendant’s motion for summary judgment on this issue, such a release would not be
binding upon the wrongful death claimants.
ESTATE OF AARON M. RICHARDSON, etc.

         Plaintiff

         v.

BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY

         Defendant
         Case No. 2005-10179

Judge Clark B. Weaver Sr.

JUDGMENT ENTRY




         This case was tried to the court on the issue of liability.     The court has
considered the evidence and, for the reasons set forth in the decision filed concurrently
herewith, judgment is rendered in favor of defendant. Court costs are assessed against
plaintiff. The clerk shall serve upon all parties notice of this judgment and its date of
entry upon the journal.



                                         _____________________________________
                                         CLARK B. WEAVER SR.
                                         Judge

cc:


Karl W. Schedler                            Mary S. O’Neill
Assistant Attorney General                  Michael T. Murray
150 East Gay Street, 18th Floor             111 East Shoreline Drive
Columbus, Ohio 43215-3130                   P.O. Box 19
                                            Sandusky, Ohio 44871-0019

LP/cmd
Filed June 30, 2010
To S.C. reporter July 22, 2010
