[Cite as In re J.H., 2016-Ohio-3242.]


STATE OF OHIO                     )                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
                                  )ss:               NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT                  )

IN RE: J.H.                                          C.A. No.      28008



                                                     APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
                                                     ENTERED IN THE
                                                     COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
                                                     COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
                                                     CASE No.   DN 13-8-529

                                 DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: June 1, 2016



        MOORE, Judge.

        {¶1}     Appellant, Stacy H. (“Mother”), appeals from a judgment of the Summit County

Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, that terminated her parental rights to one of her

minor children and placed the child in the permanent custody of Summit County Children

Services Board (“CSB”). This Court affirms.

                                                I.

        {¶2}     Mother is the biological mother of five minor children, all of whom have been

removed from her custody. The only child at issue in this appeal is Mother’s oldest child, J.H.,

born May 1, 2004. The father of J.H. did not participate in the trial court proceedings and is not

a party to this appeal.

        {¶3}     CSB has a history of involvement with Mother and J.H. dating back to January

2008, when Mother had only two children, J.H., then three years old, and a daughter who is one

year younger than J.H. Both children were removed from Mother’s custody because they were
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found alone outside without weather-appropriate clothing and the condition of their home was

deplorable. Mother, who was at home asleep while the young children wandered outside of her

home, was charged with child endangering, later convicted of a lesser charge, and ordered to

cooperate with CSB’s case plan.

       {¶4}    Through its investigation of neglect referrals prior to 2008, CSB was aware that

Mother has cognitive delays. Consequently, the case plan in the 2008 case focused on Mother

improving her understanding and ability to meet her children’s basic needs through parenting

education, counseling, and other services.

       {¶5}    Mother worked on the goals of the case plan and, during October 2008, J.H. and

his younger sibling were returned to her custody under an order of protective supervision.

During the period of protective supervision, Mother received ongoing supportive services

through CSB and community providers, but CSB remained concerned about her ability to

consistently provide her children with a safe and stable home.

       {¶6}    On July 9, 2009, Mother gave birth to her third child. While still under the

protective supervision of CSB one month later, Mother’s three children were removed from her

home pursuant to Juv.R. 6 because the home was again in a deplorable condition and Mother was

not adequately supervising the children or providing for their basic needs. All three children

were later placed in the temporary custody of CSB. The two siblings of J.H. were ultimately

placed in the legal custody of paternal relatives.

       {¶7}    After he was removed from Mother’s custody during 2009, then five-year-old J.H.

began sexually acting out in his foster home. He later disclosed that he had been raped by

Mother’s boyfriend, the father of his then-youngest sibling.     CSB further discovered that

Mother’s then boyfriend had a long history of domestic violence, substance abuse, and mental
                                                  3


health problems. Mother denied having any knowledge about the incident because she had been

in the hospital when the sexual abuse allegedly occurred.

        {¶8}      J.H. was later placed with his paternal grandparents, who were granted full legal

custody of him on April 27, 2010. While J.H. lived in the custody of his grandparents for nearly

three years, the parties filed motions with the court to resolve disputes about Mother’s visitation

rights. During December 2012, based on a mediated agreement between Mother and the parental

grandparents, J.H. was returned to Mother’s legal custody.

        {¶9}      At the time J.H. returned to Mother’s custody in 2012, she was involved in a live-

in relationship with another man and had given birth to her fourth child with him and was

pregnant with her fifth child. Mother later gave birth to her fifth child and, shortly afterward, an

incident of domestic violence between Mother’s then-boyfriend and one of the children led to the

third removal of J.H. from Mother’s custody. After the boyfriend physically assaulted one of the

youngest children, neither parent sought medical help for the child. Mother explained that she

did not know that the father had injured the child because she was sleeping at the time and,

although she later observed redness and swelling on the child’s face, she assumed that she had

been crying. When a woman who babysat the child observed significant swelling and bruising

on the child’s face, she immediately took her to the hospital.

        {¶10} On August 22, 2013, CSB filed the complaint to begin this case, alleging that J.H.

was a dependent child because his younger half-sibling had been physically abused by that

child’s father, who lived in the home. Although the youngest siblings were involved in the trial

court case, the facts pertaining to them will not be set forth in detail because they are not parties

to this appeal.
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           {¶11} Prior to the adjudication of J.H. in this case, the trial court appointed a guardian

ad litem to represent the best interests of Mother. Shortly afterward, Mother’s guardian ad litem

filed a report to explain that, because Mother had developmental disabilities, she struggled “with

understanding general concepts involving her child[]” and, for that reason, would require case

plan assistance to improve her ability to parent her child. The same guardian ad litem continued

to represent Mother’s best interests throughout these proceedings.

           {¶12} The current case plan again focused on Mother engaging in counseling and

parenting education with a goal of her gaining insight into how to consistently meet the needs of

J.H. In addition to the basic needs of J.H., the case plan also focused on his special needs

because he had mild developmental disabilities and had also been diagnosed with attention

deficit hyperactivity disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.

           {¶13} Mother obtained a parenting assessment during this case, which revealed that she

has mild developmental disabilities and functions at the level of a 10-year-old child on verbal

skills but only at the level of a 7 or 8 year old on nonverbal skills. Although Mother stated that

she had been managing her own finances, the psychologist who evaluated her reported that her

math skills were so deficient that she lacked the ability to budget money or count change.

Mother had completed parenting classes in her prior cases, but she did not demonstrate the

ability to implement what she should have learned. The psychologist emphasized that Mother

lacked insight into how to provide age-appropriate structure, boundaries, discipline, or safety for

a child.

           {¶14} Mother also has a dependent personality, suffers from depression, and tends to

become involved with abusive men, two of whom had caused harm to her children. The

psychologist was particularly concerned that Mother tended to minimize the significance of her
                                                5


children’s injuries and the potential disturbance and risk that those men posed to her family.

Although the psychologist opined that Mother’s prognosis was poor, she recommended that

Mother again engage in counseling and intensive parenting classes to explore the past abuse of

her two children and develop an understanding of how to protect J.H. from harm in the future.

       {¶15} The case plan also required Mother to develop an understanding of the current

mental health needs of J.H. so she could provide him with appropriate emotional support.

During this case, J.H. was involved in some of Mother’s intensive parenting classes and he also

engaged in individual counseling to address the serious trauma that he had sustained as a young

child when he was raped by Mother’s boyfriend. He received ongoing counseling throughout

this case to address his fears and anxiety and to improve his self-confidence and self-control.

J.H. was open and cooperative with his counselor, who reported that J.H. was making progress

through counseling.

       {¶16} Mother, on the other hand, made little progress in intensive parenting classes or

counseling. She engaged in some counseling during the first year of this case, but did not attend

her scheduled sessions regularly and eventually stopped going altogether. Her former counselor

testified that Mother did not want to talk about the past abuse of her children. She opined that

Mother did not understand that she needed to learn from those incidents to protect J.H. from

future risks of abuse.

       {¶17} After five sessions of intensive parenting classes, the instructor concluded that

Mother was not gaining any insight into how to protect J.H., so the sessions were discontinued.

In the classes, Mother was similarly reluctant to talk about the past abuse of her children and

continued to dismiss each event as an isolated incident that was not a “big deal.” During the next

several months, Mother was offered two opportunities to reengage in parenting classes and,
                                               6


although she scheduled sessions, Mother failed to attend the sessions or offer any reason for her

absences.

       {¶18} After nearly one year of working on her third reunification case plan, Mother’s

guardian ad litem reported to the court that Mother lacked the ability to safely parent J.H. She

recognized that Mother loved J.H. and that she had been genuinely trying to meet his basic

needs, but she opined that, despite working on numerous case plans to acquire appropriate

parenting skills, Mother continued to lack the necessary insight into how to protect him from

future abuse.

       {¶19} CSB eventually moved for permanent custody of J.H. Following a hearing on the

motion, the trial court terminated Mother’s parental rights and placed J.H. in the permanent

custody of CSB. Mother appeals and raises one assignment of error.

                                               II.

                                 ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

       THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY FINDING BY CLEAR AND CONVINCING
       EVIDENCE THAT PERMANENT CUSTODY SHOULD BE GRANTED TO
       [CSB] AND BY DENYING MOTHER’S MOTION FOR LEGAL CUSTODY
       OF [J.H.]

       {¶20} Mother’s sole assignment of error is that the permanent custody judgment is not

supported by the evidence before the trial court. Before a juvenile court may terminate parental

rights and award permanent custody of a child to a proper moving agency it must find clear and

convincing evidence of both prongs of the permanent custody test: (1) that the child is

abandoned, orphaned, has been in the temporary custody of the agency for at least 12 months of

a consecutive 22-month period, or that the child cannot be placed with either parent within a

reasonable time or should not be placed with either parent, based on an analysis under R.C.

2151.414(E); and (2) that the grant of permanent custody to the agency is in the best interest of
                                                7


the child, based on an analysis under R.C. 2151.414(D).           See R.C. 2151.414(B)(1) and

2151.414(B)(2); see also In re William S., 75 Ohio St.3d 95, 99 (1996).

       {¶21} The trial court found that the first prong of the test was satisfied because J.H. had

been in the temporary custody of CSB for more than 12 of the prior 22 months. Mother does not

challenge that finding but instead confines her assigned error to the best interest prong of the

permanent custody test. She asserts that the trial court should have instead granted a six-month

extension of temporary custody.      The trial court must conduct a best interest analysis to

determine whether to place the child in the permanent custody of the agency or to extend

temporary custody.    If permanent custody was in the best interest of J.H., the alternative

disposition of extending temporary custody was not. See In re I.A., 9th Dist. Summit No. 26642,

2013-Ohio-360, ¶ 10. Moreover, the trial court would have authority to extend temporary

custody only if it also found that Mother had made “significant progress” on the case plan and

that there was reasonable cause to believe that J.H. would be reunified with her or otherwise

permanently placed during the extension period. R.C. 2151.415(D)(1). As detailed above,

Mother had not made significant progress on the reunification goals of the case plan.

       {¶22} We agree with the trial court that CSB demonstrated by clear and convincing

evidence that permanent custody was in the best interest of J.H. When determining the child’s

best interests under R.C. 2151.414(D), the juvenile court must consider all “relevant” factors,

including the interaction and interrelationships of the child, his wishes, the custodial history of

the child, and his need for permanence in his life. See In re R.G., 9th Dist. Summit Nos. 24834,

24850, 2009-Ohio-6284, ¶ 11. Although the trial court is also required to consider any relevant

factors under R.C. 2151.414(E)(7) through (11), none of those factors applied to the facts of this

case. See id.
                                               8


       {¶23} Mother’s interaction with J.H. during this case was limited to supervised

visitation. Mother consistently attended scheduled visits and no one disputed that she and J.H.

loved each other, were closely bonded, and that they interacted well during visits. The primary

concern of CSB was Mother’s ability to meets the needs of J.H. outside a supervised setting.

Despite repeated parenting courses throughout the life of J.H., Mother still did not understand

how to provide appropriate care for him, given his age and special needs. J.H. had been

diagnosed with PTSD, ADHD, and cognitive delays, but Mother did not understand any of those

conditions and seemed to confuse them, as she believed that his cognitive delays were caused by

a past emotional trauma.

       {¶24} The impact of her cognitive impairments on her parenting ability was further

demonstrated through her testimony at the hearing. For example, Mother could not remember

how many times J.H. had been removed from her custody, the age at which he was raped by her

former boyfriend, or whether J.H. was older or younger than one of his younger siblings. Mother

also testified that, if J.H. were returned to her custody and she obtained employment, she would

send 11-year-old J.H. to a certified daycare center. During cross-examination about whether

Mother actually meant an after-school program because J.H. attended school and was too old for

daycare, Mother’s answers do not demonstrate any understanding of the distinction between the

two types of childcare programs.

       {¶25} Moreover, Mother had a history of becoming involved with abusive men and

exposing her children to violence. J.H. had been raped by Mother’s former boyfriend and his

younger sibling was physically abused by another boyfriend. More significantly, Mother took no

responsibility for failing to protect her children on either of those occasions. She continued to

emphasize that she was not the abuser and that she was either sleeping or away from the home at
                                                 9


the time of each incident. She appeared not to understand the impact of her relationship choices

upon the safety of her children. Despite numerous attempts by CSB to engage Mother in

counseling and parenting education, Mother had been unwilling to discuss the past abuse of her

children and, therefore, failed to learn how to protect J.H. from future abuse.

       {¶26} J.H. had expressed that he wanted to return to Mother’s home or live with his

paternal grandmother. Although the grandmother initially expressed an interest in providing a

permanent home for J.H., she later changed her mind. J.H. understood that the foster parents had

no interest in adopting him and believed that no one wanted him except Mother.

       {¶27} The guardian ad litem recognized that J.H. and Mother loved each other and were

bonded, but opined that permanent custody was in the best interest of J.H. As several witnesses

had also explained, Mother lacked the ability to meet the basic and special needs of J.H. or the

insight to protect him from future harm.

       {¶28} By the time of the hearing, J.H. was 11 years old and had spent almost half of his

life living outside Mother’s custody, because he had been removed from her custody on three

separate occasions and, at one point, lived in the custody of his paternal grandparents for several

years. During the periods of time that J.H. did reside with Mother, he was raped by one of her

boyfriends and his younger sibling was physically harmed by another.

       {¶29} Given that J.H. had spent most of his life moving in and out of temporary

placements, he was in need of a legally secure permanent placement. Mother was not able to

provide him with a suitable home, and CSB had been unable to find a relative who was willing

and able to do so. Consequently, the trial court reasonably concluded that a legally secure

permanent placement would only be achieved by placing J.H. in the permanent custody of CSB.
                                                10


       {¶30} Mother has failed to demonstrate that the trial court’s permanent custody decision

was not supported by the evidence presented at the hearing. Consequently, her assignment of

error is overruled.

                                                III.

       {¶31} Mother’s assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Summit County

Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed.

                                                                              Judgment affirmed.




       There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

       Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

       Costs taxed to Appellant.




                                                       CARLA MOORE
                                                       FOR THE COURT
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CARR, P. J.
HENSAL, J.
CONCUR.


APPEARANCES:

RONALD T. GATTS, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attonrey, and HEAVEN DIMARTINO, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.
