                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JAN 9 2020
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                       U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

GWENDOLYN E. MANDOSIA,                          No.    18-55484

                Plaintiff-Appellant,            D.C. No.
                                                2:17-cv-08153-JFW-JPR
 v.

BANK OF AMERICA, NA,                            MEMORANDUM*

                Defendant-Appellee.

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Central District of California
                    John F. Walter, District Judge, Presiding

                            Submitted January 6, 2020**
                             San Francisco, California

Before: WALLACE and FRIEDLAND, Circuit Judges, and HILLMAN,***
District Judge.

      Plaintiff-Appellant Gwendolyn E. Mandosia (“Ms. Mandosia”) appeals from

the dismissal, without leave to amend, of her California common-law fraud claim


      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      ***
             The Honorable Timothy Hillman, United States District Judge for the
District of Massachusetts, sitting by designation.
against Defendant-Appellee Bank of America, NA (“Bank of America”). Ms.

Mandosia argues that the district court erred in concluding that her claim was time-

barred because under either the delayed discovery or estoppel by fraudulent

concealment defenses, her fraud claim did not accrue until she learned about the

fraud, i.e., when she read a law firm advertisement posted by her attorneys. We

disagree.

      These defenses only delay accrual until a plaintiff “has, or should have,

inquiry notice of the cause of action.” Fox v. Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc., 110 P.3d

914, 920 (Cal. 2005); see also Platt Elec. Supply, Inc. v. EOFF Elec., Inc., 522 F.3d

1049, 1057 (9th Cir. 2008). Given the sheer volume of missing or allegedly

incomplete applications (10), the number of home inspections charged to her account

(39), and her receipt of a notice of foreclosure less than a week after allegedly being

approved for a loan modification plan, Ms. Mandosia had or should have had inquiry

notice of fraud by, at the latest, the September 2014 foreclosure sale of her home.

She thus cannot benefit from either defense.

      Ms. Mandosia alternatively argues that the class action, George v. Urban

Settlement Services, Civ. Act. No. 13-v-01819-PAB-KLM (D. Colo.), equitably

tolled the statute of limitations under American Pipe & Construction Company v.

Utah, 414 U.S. 538 (1974). We reject this contention. American Pipe does not toll

Mandosia’s common-law fraud claim because the plaintiffs in George brought


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claims of promissory estoppel and violations of the Racketeer Influenced and

Corrupt Organizations Act, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1961–1968, which would not have placed

Bank of America on notice of Ms. Mandosia’s California common-law fraud claim.

See Johnson v. Railway Express Agency, Inc., 421 U.S. 454, 467 (1975) (tolling in

American Pipe “depended heavily on the fact that [the prior] filings involved exactly

the same cause of action subsequently asserted”); George v. Urban Settlement

Servs., 833 F.3d 1242, 1246 (10th Cir. 2016).

      Finally, Ms. Mandosia challenges the district court’s denial of leave to amend

her Amended Complaint. However, the district court did not err because any

amendment would have been futile. See Deutsch v. Turner Corp., 324 F.3d 692,

717–18 (9th Cir. 2003).

      For these reasons, the district court’s dismissal of Ms. Mandosia’s claim is

      AFFIRMED.




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