[Cite as Youngstown v. Durrett, 2010-Ohio-1313.]
                           STATE OF OHIO, MAHONING COUNTY

                                  IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                                       SEVENTH DISTRICT

CITY OF YOUNGSTOWN/                                )
STATE OF OHIO,                                     )   CASE NO. 09 MA 57
                                                   )
        PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE,                        )
                                                   )
        - VS -                                     )         OPINION
                                                   )
DENNIS DURRETT, Jr.,                               )
                                                   )
        DEFENDANT                                  )
                                                   )
        AND                                        )
                                                   )
COLUMBUS BONDING CO., Inc.,                        )
                                                   )
        APPELLANT.                                 )

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS:                              Civil Appeal from Youngstown
                                                       Municipal Court,
                                                       Case No. 05 TRD 2742.

JUDGMENT:                                              Reversed and Judgment Entered.

APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee:                                Attorney Joseph Macejko
                                                       City Prosecutor
                                                       26 South Phelps Street
                                                       Youngstown, OH 44503

For Appellant:                                         Attorney Gregg Slemmer
                                                       Attorney Jeremy Dodgion
                                                       1188 South High Street
                                                       Columbus, OH 43206

JUDGES:
Hon. Mary DeGenaro
Hon. Gene Donofrio
Hon. Joseph J. Vukovich

                                                       Dated: March 26, 2010
DeGenaro, J.
                                                                                   -2-


      {¶1}    Appellant, Columbus Bonding Co., Inc. (dba American Bail Bonds,
"CBC") appeals the February 23, 2009 decision of the Youngstown Municipal Court
that denied CBC's request for the remission of a $2500.00 bond, which was forfeited
for defendant Dennis Durrett's failure to appear at a court hearing.
      {¶2}    On appeal, CBC argues that the trial court abused its discretion by
ordering a full forfeiture of the bond and by further refusing to remit CBC's bond when,
in fact, Durrett had been arrested one day after the trial court sent notice to CBC of
Durrett's failure to appear, and Durrett had already been sentenced four days before
the show-cause hearing occurred. CBC additionally argues that the trial court abused
its discretion by conditionally granting CBC's remission motion and then later denying
the motion.
      {¶3}    Upon review, the trial court's denial of CBC's motion was an abuse of
discretion, having been entered solely for the reason that CBC was not directly
responsible for Durrett's return, even though Durrett had returned to the court, entered
a plea, and had already finished serving his sentence at the time of the trial court's
decision. CBC's second assignment of error is moot. Accordingly, the decision of the
trial court is reversed and judgment is entered for CBC.
                               Facts and Procedural History
      {¶4}    On August 17, 2005, Dennis Durrett, Jr. was cited for driving under
suspension and use of a loud sound device, and assigned Case No. 05 TR D 2742.
Durrett was issued a summons to appear before the court on August 18, 2005, and a
warrant for his arrest was issued on August 22, 2005 after he did not appear. The
docket does not reflect any activity on this case until May of 2008.
      {¶5}    On May 23, 2008, Durrett appeared before the Municipal Court and
entered a not guilty plea.        On May 24, 2008, Durrett entered into a surety
recognizance for $2500.00, with CBC as the depositor.             After granting a few
continuances to allow Durrett to obtain counsel, the trial court scheduled Durrett's
hearing for August 20, 2008.
      {¶6}    Durrett failed to appear for the August 20, 2008 hearing. The trial court
filed a journal entry issuing a capias warrant and ordering forfeiture of the bond. Nine
                                                                                    -3-


days later, on August 29, 2008, the court sent notice to CBC that Durrett had failed to
appear, and notified CBC that a hearing would take place on September 22, 2008 for
them to show cause as to why judgment should not be entered against CBC for the
full amount of the bond.
       {¶7}   On September 2, 2008, Durrett appeared before the court after having
been apprehended pursuant to the capias warrant. On September 18, 2008, Durrett
entered a plea of no contest for the charges of driving under suspension and use of a
loud sound device. The trial court immediately released Durrett, after imposing a ten
day sentence with ten days credit for time served.
       {¶8}   Four days after Durrett was sentenced and released, at the September
22, 2008 show cause hearing, the trial court asked CBC to explain its involvement in
causing Durrett to reappear before the court on September 2, 2008. CBC stated that
Durrett was rearrested on August 30, 2008 before CBC could reach him. CBC also
explained that Durrett had missed the August 20, 2008 court date due to a death in
the family. When asked to explain CBC's efforts prior to Durrett's arrest, CBC stated
that they had contacted Durrett's mother, gone to Durrett's employer and "a few other
places" to look for him before finding out that he had been rearrested. The court
stated that because CBC had not actually contributed to securing Durrett's
appearance, judgment must be entered against them. The court stated "unfortunately
since you didn't secure his appearance I've got to enter judgment against you * * *.
There is not a whole lot I can do about that if you didn't bring the person before the
Court which is your responsibility to do that."
       {¶9}   In the trial court's September 22, 2008 judgment entry, the entirety of the
court's analysis was as follows: "The surety, American Bail Bonds, failed to produce
the body of the defendant, and therefore, failed to show cause why judgment should
not be entered against it." On September 24, 2008, the clerk of court sent notice to
CBC that they would no longer be accepted as a surety until they remitted payment for
the forfeited bond.
       {¶10} On October 15, 2008, CBC filed a Motion for Release of Bond,
requesting that the court discharge CBC of further responsibility and release the
                                                                                   -4-


surety bond. CBC argued that the surety's performance was excused by impossibility
because Durrett had been arrested the day after the court had sent notice to CBC of
Durrett's failure to appear. On October 16, 2008, the trial court filed a journal entry
stating that it would grant CBC's motion upon CBC's payment of $2500.00. CBC
remitted payment on October 29, 2008. On November 25, 2008, CBC filed another
Motion for Release of Bond, requesting that the court discharge CBC of further
responsibility, release the surety bond and remit $2500.00 to CBC, as CBC had
complied with the court's request to remit payment of $2500.00. The court set a
hearing on the motion for February 2, 2009, which was continued to February 23,
2009.
        {¶11} At the February 23, 2009 hearing, the court stated "we are here * * * on a
motion filed by the surety for release of bond, whatever that means because the bond
has already been forfeited. Judgment has already issued against the surety, whatever
you mean by release."      CBC explained that it was requesting a remission of the
$2500.00. The trial court responded, "That's not what you asked for. That's what I
was concerned about with regard to your motion for release of bond. You can be
released from the bond. I don't care about that one way or the other." CBC argued
that their actions, in light of the circumstances, indicated that CBC had exercised due
diligence to attempt to bring Durrett before the court. The court denied CBC's motion.
        {¶12} In its February 23, 2009 judgment entry, the trial court stated that it
interpreted CBC's Motion for Release of Bond to be a request for remission of the
$2500.00 judgment entered against CBC on September 22, 2008. The trial court
stated that it was guided by the factors in State v. Am. Bail Bond Agency (1998), 129
Ohio App.3d 708, 719 N.E.2d 13. The trial court concluded that CBC had failed to
make a showing of the factors in Am. Bail Bond Agency, and that the court thus could
not find remission of payment to be proper.
                                    Bond Remission
        {¶13} In the first of two assignments of error, CBC asserts:
        {¶14} "The municipal court abused its discretion when it ordered the full bond
forfeited where the show cause hearing was not held until after the Defendant
                                                                                    -5-


appeared and served his sentence, and the Defendant was arrested only ten days
after failing to appear and one day after the surety was notified of the defendant's
failure to appear."
       {¶15} As an initial note, Appellee, City of Youngstown has failed to file a brief
in this appeal. This court may proceed under App.R. 18(C), which provides that the
reviewing court "may accept the appellant's statement of the facts and issues as
correct and reverse the judgment if appellant's brief reasonably appears to sustain
such action."
       {¶16} CBC argues that the trial court abused its discretion by forfeiting the
bond and by denying the motion for remission because it failed to weigh the factors of
Am. Bail Bond Agency, and because those factors strongly indicate that the bond
payment should have been remitted to CBC.
       {¶17} The purpose of bail is to insure that a defendant appears at all stages of
the criminal proceedings. State v. Hughes (1986), 27 Ohio St.3d 19, 20, 27 OBR 437,
501 N.E.2d 622. When a defendant fails to appear, Crim.R. 46(I) provides that "any
bail given for the person's release may be forfeited."
       {¶18} R.C. Chapter 2937 provides the procedure for bail forfeiture. Pursuant
to R.C. 2937.35, "Upon the failure of the accused or witness to appear in accordance
with its terms the bail may in open court be adjudged forfeit, in whole or in part by the
court or magistrate before whom he is to appear. But such court or magistrate may, in
its discretion, continue the cause to a later date certain, giving notice of such date to
him and the bail depositor or sureties, and adjudge the bail forfeit upon failure to
appear at such later date."
       {¶19} When there is a declaration of forfeiture, R.C. 2937.36 states, in
pertinent part, "As to recognizances [the clerk or magistrate] shall notify accused and
each surety by ordinary mail * * * of the default of the accused and the adjudication of
forfeiture and require each of them to show cause on or before a date certain to be
stated in the notice, * * * why judgment should not be entered against each of them for
the penalty stated in the recognizance. If good cause by production of the body of the
accused or otherwise is not shown, the court or magistrate shall thereupon enter
                                                                                    -6-


judgment against the sureties or either of them, so notified, in such amount, not
exceeding the penalty of the bond, as has been set in the adjudication of forfeiture * *
*." R.C. 2937.36(C).
      {¶20} If a court has entered judgment on a surety at a hearing held pursuant to
R.C. 2937.36, the surety may seek remission of the forfeiture in the event that the
accused subsequently appears, surrenders or is rearrested. In that event, the court
may exercise its discretion to remit the forfeited bond, or a portion thereof. R.C.
2937.39.   A trial court's decision regarding the remission of a forfeited bond is
reviewed for abuse of discretion. State v. Am. Bail Bond Agency (1998), 129 Ohio
App.3d 708, 713, 719 N.E.2d 13. An abuse of discretion involves more than an error
of judgment; it implies that the court's attitude is unreasonable, unconscionable, or
arbitrary. Id.; State v. Adams (1980), 62 Ohio St.2d 151, 157, 16 O.O.3d 169, 404
N.E. 2d 144.
      {¶21} In determining whether to remit some or all of a forfeiture, a trial court
should consider, 1) the circumstances of the defendant's reappearance, including the
timing and voluntariness of the reappearance, 2) the defendant's reason for failing to
appear, 3) the inconvenience, expense, delay or other prejudice suffered by the
prosecution through the defendant's absence, 4) whether the surety helped to secure
the reappearance of the defendant, 5) mitigating circumstances, and 6) whether
justice requires total forfeiture of the bond. Am. Bail Bond Agency at 712-713. See,
also, State v. Smith, 7th Dist. No. 05 JE 49, 2006-Ohio-4614, at ¶37-42.
      {¶22} CBC argues that the trial court only considered the fourth factor in the
above analysis, and erroneously ignored all other factors, when it stated "since you
didn't secure his appearance I've got to enter judgment against you." CBC asserts
that this case is identical to the recent decision by the Sixth District in State v.
Jackson, 6th Dist. No. L-08-1166, 2009-Ohio-514. In Jackson, the defendant was
arrested on other charges two days after the trial court had sent notice to the surety of
the defendant's failure to appear.     Id. at ¶2.   Prior to the show cause hearing,
Jackson's case had already been concluded with a no contest plea. Id. at ¶2-3.
      {¶23} Such facts are extremely similar to the ones at hand. However, the trial
                                                                                         -7-


court's decision to deny the bond remission motion in Jackson was reversed because
the trial court failed to support its decision with any reasons whatsoever, and failed to
demonstrate that it had considered any of the Am. Bail Bond Agency factors. Id. at
¶11. Here, although the trial court did not list the six factors, it explicitly stated that it
considered Am. Bail Bond Agency. Thus, Jackson is distinguishable from the case at
hand.
        {¶24} CBC further argues that a proper weighing of the factors, as well as a
consideration of public policy, strongly indicates that justice required a full remission of
the forfeited bond. Upon review, CBC's argument is well-taken.
        {¶25} There are few factors that weigh against remission of the bond to CBC.
First, Durrett's reappearance does not appear to have been voluntary. Although CBC
argues that Durrett's arrest pursuant to separate criminal charges causes his
reappearance for this case to be voluntary, the record does not explain the exact
circumstances of Durrett's arrest, and this court will not presume such facts. Second,
as the trial court stated, CBC did not actually contribute to Durrett's reappearance
before the court. However, as explained further below, the State's speedy arrest of
Durrett made CBC's contribution to Durrett's reappearance a practical impossibility.
Thus the factors against remission of the bond are not strong.
        {¶26} Additionally, there are many factors that favor remission.           First, the
timing of Durrett's reappearance was quite abbreviated: Durrett appeared before the
court on September 2, 2008, less than two weeks after the hearing date at which he
failed to appear.    Secondly, although Durrett's reason for failing to appear at the
August 20, 2008 hearing was not terribly compelling given that he could have informed
the various parties about his presence at a funeral, such facts indicate that Durrett's
failure to appear may not have been blatantly willful. Thirdly, there is no proof that
Durrett's short absence caused much, if anything, in the way of inconvenience, delay
or expense to the State: the expense of Durrett's recapture may have been negligible
given that he was already being sought on other charges, and he caused no prejudice
to the prosecution given that he quickly pleaded to the offenses charged.
        {¶27} Fourth, CBC was essentially prevented from contributing to Durrett's
                                                                                      -8-


reappearance by the actions of the State: CBC was notified of Durrett's failure to
appear nine days after the fact. Durrett was arrested one day after the trial court had
sent notice. At the show cause hearing, CBC explained the efforts it had expended in
attempting to secure Durrett's reappearance prior to learning that Durrett was
incarcerated, which indicates that CBC's failure to secure Durrett's reappearance was
not due to a lack of effort.     Fifth, there were additional mitigating circumstances,
mainly the fact that Durrett had already reappeared, entered a plea, was sentenced,
and released for time served, all before the September 22, 2008 show cause hearing.
       {¶28} Finally, justice would not require a total forfeiture of the bond. In State v.
Smith (1984), 14 Ohio App.3d 14, 14 OBR 17, 469 N.E.2d 945, a defendant was
incarcerated in a neighboring county jail at the time of the show cause hearing. The
Ninth District reversed the trial court's forfeiture judgment, noting that "[t]he state may
not block a surety from satisfying the bond and at the same time demand
performance. The purpose of bail is to assure a defendant's appearance in court. It is
not to enrich the state." Id. at 15. Similarly here, the State's quick arrest of Durrett
prevented CBC from personally satisfying the bond, and CBC was nonetheless
penalized for not having performed within one day of being notified of Durrett's failure
to appear. Moreover, the objective of having Durrett appear in court had already been
fulfilled by the time of the show cause hearing.         There was no longer a pending
proceeding against Durrett for which the production of his body was necessary, and
thus no longer a justification for exacting a penalty.
       {¶29} The Ohio Supreme Court has explained that the production of the body
of the defendant by the date in the notice of failure to appear and adjudication of
forfeiture constitutes a showing of good cause why a forfeiture judgment may not be
entered against the surety. State v. Holmes (1991), 57 Ohio St.3d 11, 13, 564 N.E.2d
1066. It does not appear to matter "whether the defendant is produced by the surety
or produced by law enforcement officers; either way the objectives of Crim.R. 46 and
R.C. 2937.36 are achieved when the defendant is produced in court on the date his
presence is required." Toledo v. Floyd, --- N.E.2d ---, 6th Dist. No. L-08-1364, 2009-
Ohio-5507, at ¶11, quoting State v. Richardson (Aug. 13, 1982), 6th Dist. No. L-82-
                                                                                       -9-


126. See also State v. Crosby, 12th Dist. No. CA2009-01-001, 2009-Ohio-4936, at
¶29 ("once the defendant was in the state's custody, the trial court was prohibited
under R.C. 2937.35 and 2937.36(C) from declaring any portion of the bond
forfeited."). Thus, under this final factor, justice would not require a total forfeiture of
the bond.
       {¶30} The above factors weigh strongly in favor of remission. The trial court's
refusal to remit any of the forfeited bond was an abuse of discretion in light of the
specific facts of this case. CBC's first assignment of error is meritorious.
                                   Inconsistent Orders
       {¶31} In its second assignment of error, CBC asserts:
       {¶32} "The municipal court abused its discretion when, after conditionally
granting a motion to release bond upon the surety paying the bond into court, and
subsequently denying said motion and refusing to remit the bond."
       {¶33} Given our disposition of CBC's first assignment of error, CBC's second
assignment of error is rendered moot.
       {¶34} Because the factors of Am. Bail Bond Agency weigh heavily in favor of a
remission, the trial court committed an abuse of discretion by denying CBC's motion.
The judgment of the trial court is reversed and judgment is entered in favor of CBC in
the amount of $2500.00.
Vukovich, P.J., concurs.
Donofrio, J., concurs.
