                                 NOT FOR PUBLICATION

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                              FILED
                                  FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
                                                                               APR 6 2020
                                                                           MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                            U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
In re: BRANTLEY JUSTIN GARRETT;                      No.   18-60056
ERIN EILEEN GARRETT,
                                                     BAP No. 16-1265
               Debtors,

------------------------------                       MEMORANDUM*

JAMES DAILY; KATHARINE DAILY,

               Appellants,

 v.

BRANTLEY JUSTIN GARRETT,

               Appellee.


                           Appeal from the Ninth Circuit
                            Bankruptcy Appellate Panel
               Hursh, Kurtz, and Brand, Bankruptcy Judges, Presiding

                                 Submitted February 11, 2020**
                                   San Francisco, California



      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
Before: RAWLINSON and CALLAHAN, Circuit Judges, and BOLTON,***
District Judge.

      Appellants James and Katharine Daily (the Dailys) appeal the decision of the

Bankruptcy Appellate Panel affirming the bankruptcy court’s denial of their claim

for exception to discharge under 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(2)(A) for debt incurred by

Appellee Brantley Justin Garrett (Garrett). The Dailys alleged that the debt was

non-dischargeable because Garrett fraudulently induced them to enter into a

construction agreement for their residence.

      The bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion by excluding evidence of

Garrett’s conduct occurring after the construction agreement was signed. The

Dailys’ counsel confirmed during the bankruptcy hearing that the Dailys’ claim

was limited to fraudulent inducement, which may not be proved based on events

subsequent to contract formation. See Tyrell v. Bank of Am. (In re Tyrell), 528

B.R. 790, 796 (Bankr. D. Haw. 2015) (explaining that “[t]he principles on which

the parties rely—mistake and fraudulent inducement—only apply to contract

formation”) (footnote reference omitted); see also Duffens v. Valenti, 161 Cal.

App. 4th 434, 449 (2008) (delineating that “[f]raud in the inducement . . . occurs

when the promisor knows what he is signing but his consent is induced by fraud”)


      ***
             The Honorable Susan R. Bolton, United States District Judge for the
District of Arizona, sitting by designation.
                                          2
(citation and internal quotation marks omitted); Cote v. Al V., Inc. (In re Cote),

BAP No. NC–14–1025–TaPaJu, 2015 WL 4550137, at *7 (B.A.P. 9th Cir. 2015)

(opining that in a fraudulent inducement case, “a finding of fraud was appropriate

only if [the debtor] knew that he could not pay [the creditor] as required under the

Construction Contract at its formation”); FO– Farmer’s Outlet, Inc. v. Daniell (In

re Daniell), BAP No. EC–12–1506–PaJuKi, 2013 WL 5933657, at *6-*7 (B.A.P.

9th Cir. 2013) (concluding that conduct occurring after contract formation was not

relevant to fraudulent inducement claim).1

      The bankruptcy court correctly held that the Dailys failed to demonstrate

fraudulent inducement. Mr. Daily acknowledged in his deposition that the

fraudulent inducement claim was limited to Garrett’s representations that he had

workers’ compensation and general liability insurance. However, Mr. Daily did

not discuss liability or workers’ compensation insurance with Garrett prior to

entering into the construction agreement, and the bankruptcy court was

unpersuaded by Mrs. Daily’s “evasive” testimony concerning conversations with

Garrett about insurance requirements. Additionally, the Dailys failed to


      1
         The Dailys’ reliance on Husky Int’l Elec., Inc. v. Ritz, 136 S. Ct. 1581
(2016) is misplaced. Admittedly the Supreme Court held that “a false
representation has never been a required element of actual fraud,” id. at 1588
(internal quotation marks omitted). However, this language is of no import in
evaluating the Dailys’ claim limited to fraudulent inducement.
                                           3
sufficiently rebut Garrett’s testimony that he possessed general liability insurance

and was not required to obtain workers’ compensation insurance at the time the

agreement was signed.

      AFFIRMED.




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