                                        2014 IL App (1st) 131281

                                                                           FIFTH DIVISION
                                                                           February 7, 2014



Nos. 1-13-1281 and 1-13-1956 (Consolidated)


In re CHARLES W. AND DARIOUS W., Minors                        )   Appeal from the Circuit Court
                                                               )   of Cook County
(The People of the State of Illinois,                          )
                                                               )
       Petitioner-Appellee,                                    )
                                                               )   Nos. 12 JA 583 and
v.                                                             )        12 JA 562
                                                               )
Charles W., Sr.,                                               )
                                                               )   Honorable
       Respondent-Appellant).                                  )   John L. Huff,
                                                               )   Judge Presiding.



       JUSTICE PALMER delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
       Justices McBride and Taylor concurred in the judgment and opinion.


                                              OPINION



¶1     Respondent, Charles W., Sr., is the adoptive father of minors Charles W. (Charles) and

Darious W. Respondent appeals the trial court's March 19, 2013, adjudication orders finding

Charles and Darious dependent pursuant to section 2-4(1)(b) of the Juvenile Court Act of 1987

(the Act) (705 ILCS 405/1-1 et seq. (West 2010)). Respondent also appeals the trial court's

March 19, 2013, and May 23, 2013, dispositional orders making Charles and Darious,

respectively, wards of the court.
1-13-1281) 13-1956)


¶2                                      I. BACKGROUND

¶3     Charles, who was born on February 12, 1998, and his brother Darious, who was born on

January 11, 2000, were adopted by their paternal grandparents, Rose Mary W. and respondent.

Rose Mary W. died in 2008. Respondent was approximately 79 years of age at the time of the

instant proceedings. In May 2012, Darious came to the attention of the Department of Children

and Family Services (DCFS) when Darious reported that his aunt, who was also respondent's

daughter, Brenda Foreman, had physically abused him and failed to obtain treatment for his

asthma. DCFS child protection investigator Eleanor Powell was assigned to the case. Upon

further investigation, Powell learned that respondent was admitted to Kindred Hospital in May of

2012 and had been diagnosed with several diseases, Foreman was caring for Darious, and

Charles was living in a residential treatment facility. Powell determined that it was necessary to

take protective custody of Darious and Charles.

¶4     On May 24, 2012, the State filed a petition for adjudication of wardship regarding

Darious. In an amended petition, the State alleged that Darious was dependent pursuant to 2-

4(1)(b) (705 ILCS 405/2-4(1)(b) (West 2010)) because he was "without proper care because of

the physical or mental disability of his parent, guardian or custodian." The petition alleged that

Darious was taken into protective custody on May 22, 2012. It further alleged:

       "Mother is deceased. Father has been diagnosed with alzheimer [sic], dementia, cancer,

       seizure disorder, pneumonia and pulmonary edema. Father currently resides in a

       rehabilitation center. Per medical personnel father is unable to parent due to his medical

       condition. There are no other family members willing and/or able to care for this minor."

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1-13-1281) 13-1956)


¶5     In an affidavit accompanying the petition, Powell averred that Darious was brought to the

attention of the DCFS because Darious:

       "HAS BRUISES FROM FALLING and being stabbed with a knife by the caretaker who

       is the adopted parent['s] daughter. Minor has asthma and the caretaker did not take the

       minor to the doctor for treatment. Adopted mother is deceased. The adopted father is in

       the hospital and according to the doctor will never be able to parent again."

¶6     On May 31, 2012, the State also filed a petition for adjudication of wardship regarding

Charles, alleging that Charles was also dependent and setting forth the same allegations as in

Darious's petition.

¶7     An attorney was appointed to represent respondent, and the trial court entered orders

authorizing the release of medical records pertaining to respondent, Charles, and Darious.

Records were requested regarding Charles from Northern Illinois Academy, Hartgrove Hospital,

and Maryville Scott Nolan Psychiatric Hospital, and from Kindred Hospital for respondent.

¶8                                  A. Adjudication Hearing

¶9     On March 19, 2013, the court held an adjudication hearing regarding both Darious and

Charles.

¶ 10   Powell testified that she was assigned the minors' case in May 2012. As part of her

investigation, she went to Kendall Hospital on May 23, 2012, in order to speak with respondent,

but she was unable to do so "[b]ecause he was laying [sic] in the bed. He was not responding to

nothing [sic]. He was just out of it. His eyes were closed. He wasn't saying nothing [sic]. He

was out of it." He did not respond to any of her questions. Powell asked respondent's doctor

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1-13-1281) 13-1956)


about respondent's ability to parent the minors, and he informed Powell that "because of

[respondent's] mental and physical state that he would never be able to parent."

¶ 11   Powell also testified that in her investigation, she was unable to identify any family

members who would be able to care for the minors. Their adoptive mother was deceased.

Powell testified that she asked Foreman about other possible family members who could care for

them, but Foreman indicated that there were none. Powell therefore took protective custody of

Charles and Darious because "they were living with the aunt. The aunt was abusing them and

the–they needed a caregiver and the father was not able to parent and there was no one else. So I

was informed by my supervisor to take custody of both boys."

¶ 12   On cross-examination by Charles's assistant public guardian, Powell testified that at that

time the petition was filed in May 2012, Charles was living in a residential home, Northern

Illinois Academy, and he had been placed there by Foreman. Powell spoke with Charles's

teacher, who informed her that he was at Northern Illinois Academy because "he was talking to

himself at night and he needed to be placed in there."

¶ 13   Powell testified that she called Charles at the academy on May 30, 2012, and he told her

that Foreman had cut his brother with a knife. He also told her that he did not want to return to

live with Foreman because her godson would sometimes beat him and that he had run away in

the past. Powell testified that Charles told her that his aunt treated him and Darious "like slaves."

Powell testified that she informed Charles that he would not be returning to Foreman's home, and

he stated that this "was a good thing."

¶ 14   On cross-examination by Darious's assistant public guardian, Powell testified that

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1-13-1281) 13-1956)


Darious was residing with Foreman at the time Powell took protective custody. Powell testified

that Foreman had been "indicated" by the DCFS for cuts, welts, and bruises inflicted on Darious,

and therefore Foreman could no longer care for him. Powell also testified that Darious expressed

his desire not to live with Foreman and indicated that he was afraid of her.

¶ 15   The State admitted into evidence, without objection, the certified death certificate of the

minors' adoptive mother and respondent's medical records from Kindred Hospital. The State

reviewed some of respondent's medical records in court.

       "Patient has a past medical history of hypertension, Alzheimer's, dementia, dyslipidemia,

       ***, cancer of the prostate, pulmonary embolism, status: Post IVC filer placement, and

       seizure disorder. A little further down on the same page, Review of Systems:

       Unobtainable. Patient being demented and lethargic. *** Where it says subjective under

       progress note from May 19th: The patient is alert, up in chair, but is nonverbal. ***

       Progress note from May 21, 2012. It says impression: One: Respiratory failure on nasal

       cannula, c-a-n-n-u-l-a. Two: Altered mental status still at [sic] aspiration risk. *** On

       the very bottom of the page is the progress note from June 4, 2012. It says plan: Full

       ventilator support and bronchodilators ***. Patient is ventilator dependent so far.

       Finally, from Page 36. *** History of Present Illness: The patient is a 79-year-old

       gentlem[a]n who presented to Trinity Hospital with fever, nausea, and vomiting. The

       patient has known history of Alzheimer's disease, history of *** seizures. He was

       hypotensive, admitted to intensive care unit. Chest shows pulmonary edema and ***

       bilateral pneumonia. He was treated with the combination of broad spectrum antibiotics.

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1-13-1281) 13-1956)


        He has now been transferred to Kindred Lakeshore campus."

¶ 16    The State argued that it had shown that the minors were dependent because they were

without proper care due to the death of their adoptive mother and respondent's physical and

mental disabilities. Respondent's counsel argued that the State had not met its burden of proof.

¶ 17    The court held that, pursuant to section 2-4(1)(b) of the Act, dependency had been

established and that "both minors are without proper care because of the disability of the father.

He is suffering from Alzheimer's and is, for all intensive [sic] purposes, non compos mentis, and

the mother is deceased. I find that both boys are dependent." The court entered two adjudication

orders to that effect.

¶ 18                            B. Charles's Dispositional Hearing

¶ 19    The court proceeded immediately to the dispositional hearing for Charles. The court took

judicial notice of the testimony and evidence from the adjudicatory hearing. The State admitted

into evidence a quarterly progress summary from the Lydia Home Association from February 24,

2013, and the DCFS service plan for both minors.

¶ 20    Ronald Haynes, the case manager at Lydia Home for Charles, testified that Charles had

been in the placement since July 2012, and it was safe and appropriate for Charles. Haynes

reported that there was one incident in January 2013 when Charles misbehaved, but the incident

was addressed in therapy. Haynes also reported that in February 2013, a misunderstanding

occurred at school and Charles locked himself in the bathroom and talked about hanging himself.

He was hospitalized for 10 days. Haynes indicated that Charles was given Tenex and Prozac and

the Tenex had stabilized him since the hospitalization. Haynes testified that Charles received

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1-13-1281) 13-1956)


weekly individual therapy, weekly group therapy, and recreational therapy. His individual

therapist reported that Charles had made "marginal progress" and his suicidal thoughts were

being addressed. Haynes opined that Charles was still in need of the services that the residential

placement could provide.

¶ 21   Haynes testified that Charles visited Darious twice a month and the visits were going

well. Charles also visited respondent, although there were concerns regarding how Charles

"would react after seeing his father in the condition that he's in." Charles's therapist was

addressing this. Haynes indicated that Charles felt sad regarding respondent's deteriorating

health and Haynes believed it was in Charles's best interests to continuing visiting respondent.

Haynes testified that in the summer of 2012, Charles was arrested for stealing a phone. He was

criminally charged, but the case was dismissed after he paid restitution and performed

community service hours.

¶ 22   Annette Patterson, Charles's case manager from DCFS, testified that Charles's visits with

respondent had been safe and appropriate, they had a strong bond, and she would try to

accommodate more visits. There were no other services that respondent could participate in

because of his medical condition. Patterson indicated that respondent was no longer living at

Kindred; he now resided in Foreman's home and received ongoing medical care in the home.

Patterson recommended that Charles be made a ward of the court as it was in his best interests,

he was in need of ongoing services, and he did not have a parent who could provide them.

¶ 23   The court held that the evidence established that the adoptive mother was deceased and

respondent, "due to his Alzheimer's and dementia resulting from Alzheimer's[,] is unable to care

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1-13-1281) 13-1956)


for, protect, train or discipline Charles," and that reasonable efforts could not be made for

reunification because services for respondent were "not feasible under the circumstances." The

court held that it was in the best interest of Charles to make him a ward of the court and it

appointed DCFS Guardianship Administrator D. Jean Ortega-Piron as guardian. The parties then

proceeded directly to a permanency hearing, and the court held that it was in Charles's best

interests to "set the goal at independence."

¶ 24                            C. Darious's Dispositional Hearing

¶ 25   On May 23, 2013, the court held a dispositional hearing regarding Darious and took

judicial notice of the evidence presented at the March 19, 2013, adjudicatory hearing.

¶ 26   Patterson testified that Darious had been in a traditional foster home for approximately

two months, the placement was safe and appropriate, and he was doing better in a foster home.

Patterson indicated that Darious needed individual counseling, which he received weekly. He

was also referred for a psychological assessment because of conflicting diagnoses of bipolar

disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. Patterson testified that Darious had asthma and used

an asthma pump as needed.

¶ 27   Patterson testified that Darious visited Charles and respondent twice a month each, and

Darious had a "[v]ery close" relationship with Charles and shared a bond with respondent.

Patterson testified that respondent had been assessed for DCFS services, but none were

recommended because of his dementia and he was "mentally unable to participate in services."

Patterson indicated that Darious's adoptive mother was deceased and respondent had prostate

cancer, was "wheelchair-bound," and received care in his home. Patterson recommended that

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1-13-1281) 13-1956)


Darious be made a ward of the court.

¶ 28   The court held that the evidence established that the adoptive mother was deceased and

respondent was "unable by virtue of his serious physical as well as–physical illnesses as well as

dementia, he's unable to care for, protect, train and discipline" Darious. The court held that

reasonable efforts could not be made to reunify them due to respondent's mental and physical

condition, and it was in Darious's best interests to become a ward of the court. The court entered

an order to that effect and placed Darious in the custody of the DCFS Guardianship

Administrator. The parties then proceeded to the permanency hearing, where the court held that

Darious would be placed in continuing substitute foster care.

¶ 29   Respondent filed a notice of appeal from the March 19, 2013, and May 23, 2013,

adjudication and dispositional orders.

¶ 30                                      II. ANALYSIS

¶ 31                           A. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

¶ 32   On appeal, respondent raises numerous claims of ineffective assistance of counsel.

Although there is no constitutional right to counsel in proceedings pursuant to the Act, a statutory

right is granted under the Act. In re S.G., 347 Ill. App. 3d 476, 478-79 (2004). "Illinois courts

apply the standard utilized in criminal cases to gauge the effectiveness of counsel in juvenile

proceedings." Id. at 479 (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984)). "Generally, in

order to establish ineffective assistance of counsel, one must show both that counsel's

representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness and that a reasonable

probability exists that, but for the error, the result would have been different." Id. The prejudice

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1-13-1281) 13-1956)


prong requires a reasonable probability, not just a mere possibility, of a different outcome. In re

K.O., 336 Ill. App. 3d 98, 111 (2002). Counsel's conduct is presumed to be the product of sound

trial strategy, and respondent bears the burden of overcoming this presumption. People v. Simms,

192 Ill. 2d 348, 361 (2000).

¶ 33      Respondent must satisfy both prongs of the Strickland test in order to prevail on a claim

of ineffective assistance of counsel. In re K.O., 336 Ill. App. 3d at 111. However, "[i]f the

ineffectiveness claim can be disposed of because defendant did not suffer sufficient prejudice, a

court need not consider whether counsel's performance was deficient." Id. (citing Strickland, 466

U.S. at 697). "If it is easier to dispose of an ineffective assistance claim on the ground that it

lacks sufficient prejudice, then a court may proceed directly to the second prong and need not

determine whether counsel's performance was deficient." People v. Givens, 237 Ill. 2d 311, 331

(2010).

¶ 34      Respondent argues that counsel failed to object to the admission of hearsay evidence

during the adjudicatory hearing. Respondent asserts that hearsay was improperly admitted when

Powell testified that respondent's doctor told her that respondent would never be able to parent.

Respondent further claims that Powell also improperly testified that, during her investigation, she

called Charles while he was at Northern Illinois Academy, and Charles told her that Foreman cut

Darious with a knife and treated them like slaves and her godson would beat Charles up.

¶ 35      The Illinois Rules of Evidence define hearsay as "a statement, other than one made by the

declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth of the

matter asserted." Ill. R. Evid. 801(c) (eff. Jan. 1, 2011). Hearsay is inadmissible unless

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otherwise allowed by other rule or statute. Ill. R. Evid. 802 (eff. Jan. 1, 2011). However,

"testimony about an out-of-court statement which is used for a purpose other than to prove the

truth of the matter asserted in the statement is not 'hearsay.' " People v. Williams, 181 Ill. 2d 297,

313 (1998).

¶ 36   During direct examination by the State, Powell testified that, in her capacity as the DCFS

investigator for the minors' case, she attempted to speak with respondent when he was

hospitalized at Kendall Hospital on May 23, 2012, but respondent was "out of it" and

unresponsive. Powell testified that she then spoke with respondent's doctor at the hospital:

               "Q. [Assistant State's Attorney:] What did he say to you?

               A. [Powell:] He told me because of [respondent's] mental and physical state that

       he would never be able to parent.

               Q. During the course of your investigation, were you able to identify any family

       members that would be able to take Charles and Darious into their care?

               A. No.

               Q. Did you attempt to locate family members?

               A. Yes, I did.

               Q. Where was the adoptive mother during the course of your investigation?

               A. She was deceased.

               Q. Did you take protective custody of Charles and Darious Washington?

               A. Yes, I did.

               Q. Why did you take protective custody?

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1-13-1281) 13-1956)


               A. Because they were living with the aunt. The aunt was abusing them and

       the–they needed a caregiver and the father was not able to parent and there was no one

       else. So I was informed by my supervisor to take custody of both boys."

¶ 37   As noted above, when a party cannot establish prejudice under Strickland, we may

dispose of an ineffective assistance of counsel claim on this basis and need not consider whether

counsel's performance was deficient. In re K.O., 336 Ill. App. 3d at 111; Givens, 237 Ill. 2d at

331. We conclude that respondent has not shown that he suffered sufficient prejudice such that

there was a reasonable probability that the result of the hearing would have been different. In re

K.O., 336 Ill. App. 3d at 111. Moreover, when a trial court sits without a jury, "we presume that

the trial court relied only upon competent evidence in making its determination." In re D.L., 226

Ill. App. 3d 177, 188 (1992). Disregarding the evidence that respondent claims constituted

inadmissible hearsay and considering the remaining evidence adduced at the adjudicatory

hearing, we find that it established that the minors were "dependent" because they were "without

proper care because of the physical or mental disability of [their] parent." 705 ILCS 405/2-

4(1)(b) (West 2010). First, Powell's testimony regarding her personal observations of the

respondent during her visit at the hospital demonstrated respondent's debilitated mental and

physical condition. In addition, the circumstances in which she found the minors, that is, left in

the care of others, also showed that respondent was unable to care for them. And lastly, the

medical records also provided evidence of the numerous mental and physical diseases from

which respondent suffered, in addition to his condition at the time the DCFS took custody of the

minors and the State petitioned for a finding of dependency.

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1-13-1281) 13-1956)


¶ 38   Although not necessary to our resolution of respondent's claim on appeal, we nevertheless

note that the challenged evidence did not constitute inadmissible hearsay. Powell's testimony

regarding the doctor's statement was admissible to show the course of Powell's investigation and

how she initially came to the decision to take protective custody of the minors and determine

whether any family member was available to care for the minors. Williams, 181 Ill. 2d at 313.

Moreover, counsel's decision not to object at trial was presumptively a matter of sound trial

strategy, which we afford great deference. People v. Theis, 2011 IL App (2d) 091080, ¶ 40 ("A

defense counsel's decision not to object to the admission of purported hearsay testimony involves

a matter of trial strategy and, typically, will not support a claim of ineffective assistance of

counsel.").

¶ 39   Additionally, Charles's statements to Powell fell within the hearsay exception set forth in

section 2-18(4)(c) of the Act, which provides:

               "(c) Previous statements made by the minor relating to any allegations of abuse or

       neglect shall be admissible in evidence. However, no such statement, if uncorroborated

       and not subject to cross-examination, shall be sufficient in itself to support a finding of

       abuse or neglect." 705 ILCS 405/2-18(4)(c) (West 2010).

¶ 40   Respondent argues that the language, "any allegations of abuse or neglect," limits the

application of this provision to proceedings based only on abuse or neglect, and not dependency.

When interpreting the language of a statute, we "must look to the specific wording of the statute

and evaluate the wording in its entirety, considering each section in connection with other

sections." In re Marriage of Rudd, 293 Ill. App. 3d 367, 372 (1997).

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¶ 41    We conclude that the language of this statute does not describe the type of the proceeding,

but rather the type of accusation made by the minor. The terms of the statute do not limit the

admission of this evidence to proceedings based only on neglect or abuse. In fact, subsection (1)

specifically directs that "[a]t the adjudicatory hearing, the court shall first consider only the

question whether the minor is abused, neglected or dependent." (Emphasis added.) 705 ILCS

405/2-18(1) (West 2010). This provision makes clear that the section as a whole deals with any

adjudicatory hearing, whether based on neglect, abuse, or dependency. Further, subsection

(4)(a), which deals with the admissibility of medical records, provides that such records "relating

to a minor in an abuse, neglect or dependency proceeding" may be admitted into evidence. 705

ILCS 405/2-18(4)(a) (West 2010). Other provisions within section 2-18 repeatedly refer to "any

hearing under this Act," without excluding dependency hearings. (Emphasis added). See 705

ILCS 405/2-18(2), (3), (5), (6) (West 2010). Our interpretation also supports the purpose of the

Act, which is to "to secure for each minor subject thereto the care and guidance which will best

serve the minor's safety and moral, emotional, mental and physical welfare, and the best interests

of the community." In re Austin W., 214 Ill. 2d 31, 43 (2005).

¶ 42    Based on this analysis, Powell's testimony concerning Charles's statements about abuse

fell within the exception set forth in subsection 2-18(4)(c). Because this evidence was

admissible, respondent's counsel did not err when he did not object to its admission. Counsel

cannot be found ineffective for failing to raise a meritless issue. Givens, 237 Ill. 2d at 331.1


        1
        We note that respondent does not argue on appeal that counsel was ineffective for failing
to object to the admission of Powell's testimony concerning Darious's statements regarding abuse

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¶ 43   Respondent also raises several other claims of ineffective assistance of counsel related to

the abuse allegations. Respondent argues that his counsel should have objected to the relevancy

of Powell's testimony that the minors were abused by Foreman because the petitions for the

minors alleged only dependency, not abuse. Respondent further asserts that counsel failed to

demand that Darious testify regarding the abuse allegations and failed to cross-examine Powell

regarding the credibility of Darious's allegations. Lastly, respondent argues that counsel should

have cross-examined Powell regarding Charles's history of mental illness as set forth in Charles's

medical records because the records did not contain allegations of abuse.

¶ 44   Similar to respondent's ineffective assistance claims concerning hearsay, we again

conclude that respondent has not shown that he suffered sufficient prejudice, i.e., a reasonable

probability that the result of the proceedings would have been different, with respect to these

claims. In re K.O., 336 Ill. App. 3d at 111; Givens, 237 Ill. 2d at 331. Further, decisions

regarding whether to call a particular witness to testify or to cross-examine a witness are

relegated to matters of trial strategy, which will ordinarily not support a claim of ineffective

assistance of counsel. People v. Pecoraro, 175 Ill. 2d 294, 326 (1997); People v. Patterson, 217

Ill. 2d 407, 442 (2005). In addition, proceedings under the Act constitute civil proceedings,

which means that respondent had no sixth amendment right to confront witnesses, such as

Darious. In re Ch. W., 408 Ill. App. 3d 541, 550 (2011). Respondent also fails to suggest what



by Foreman. As such, this issue has been waived on appeal. In re Parentage of Janssen, 292 Ill.
App. 3d 219, 221 (1997) (a party waives an issue if he or she fails to raise it on appeal); Ill. S. Ct.
R. 341(h)(7) (eff. July 1, 2008).

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questions counsel should have posed, what new or damaging information would have been

revealed, and how this would have helped his case. It is just as likely that such inquiries would

have resulted in even more damaging testimony.

¶ 45   Respondent next urges that counsel failed to cross-examine Powell regarding her

observations of respondent at the hospital because his medical records indicate that he was "alert

and resting comfortably" on the date of her interview. Again, whether to pursue a particular line

of cross-examination is a matter of trial strategy. Pecoraro, 175 Ill. 2d at 326. The evidence

supported that respondent suffered from a litany of medical conditions, including Alzheimer's,

and that he was "demented," "lethargic," and "nonverbal." Although respondent claims that his

medical records indicate that he was alert on the day of Powell's visit, it is possible that Powell

visited at a different time of day than when the doctor assessed respondent. Considering the

other testimony and evidence, it is also possible that cross-examination of Powell regarding her

observations of respondent would have only introduced more damaging testimony. Thus,

respondent has failed to establish that he suffered any prejudice. In re S.G., 347 Ill. App. 3d at

479; In re K.O., 336 Ill. App. 3d at 111.

¶ 46   Respondent also contends that counsel should have presented evidence regarding the fact

that Charles received an "Individualized Care Grant" in order to reside at the Northern Illinois

Academy because the receipt of this grant required "full parental involvement" and thus would

have demonstrated that respondent was able to obtain the grant for Charles and properly meet his

needs. However, Powell testified that Charles had been placed at the Northern Illinois Academy

by "[h]is adoptive aunt." Accordingly, counsel did not render deficient representation in not

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introducing evidence regarding the grant because the record supports that Charles's aunt was

responsible for his admission, not respondent. In re S.G., 347 Ill. App. 3d at 479. Also, we do

not believe that this evidence would have made a difference in the outcome of the proceedings in

light of the other evidence regarding respondent's condition. In re K.O., 336 Ill. App. 3d at 111.

¶ 47    In his final claim, respondent argues that counsel was ineffective because he did not

present a closing argument. We observe that proceedings pursuant to the Act are not intended to

be adversarial in nature; rather, the focus is the best interests of the minor. In re D.L., 226 Ill.

App. 3d at 185. Further, counsel did in fact present a closing argument, although it was brief.2

Under the circumstances, respondent has failed to establish that counsel's performance was

deficient or that he suffered sufficient prejudice. In re K.O., 336 Ill. App. 3d at 111; Givens, 237

Ill. 2d at 331.

¶ 48                          B. Adjudicatory Finding of Dependency

¶ 49    Respondent also challenges on appeal the trial court's finding that the minors were

dependent pursuant to the Act.

        "Dependency need only be established by a preponderance of the evidence. [Citation.] A

        trial court's determination regarding dependency will not be overturned unless it is

        manifestly erroneous. [Citation.] A trial court's judgment is not manifestly erroneous

        merely because the reviewing court might have ruled otherwise. Rather, a judgment is

        against the manifest weight of the evidence if it is clearly evident a conclusion opposite to


        2
         Counsel argued, "we'd simply submit that the State hasn't met its burden of proof and ask
that the petitions be dismissed."

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1-13-1281) 13-1956)


       that reached by the trial court was the proper disposition. [Citation.]" In re J.J., 246 Ill.

       App. 3d 143, 151 (1993).

¶ 50   As stated, pursuant to subsection 2-4(1)(b) of the Act, a minor is dependent if he "is

without proper care because of the physical or mental disability of his parent, guardian or

custodian." 705 ILCS 405/2-4(1)(b) (West 2010). In making this determination, the focus is "on

the parent rather than the child." In re J.J., 246 Ill. App. 3d at 151.

       "Specifically the focus is on whether the disability of the parent is such that it impairs the

       abilities necessary for the care and parenting of the minor. *** [T]he scope and extent of

       the disability may be determined from other evidence, including *** observations of the

       parent in other contexts, and medical or other evidence regarding the parent's limitation

       due to the disability." In re J.J., 246 Ill. App. 3d at 151.

¶ 51   In the present case, ample evidence demonstrated that respondent's condition significantly

impaired his ability to provide the necessary care and parenting of the minors. Powell's

testimony revealed that respondent was unresponsive and "out of it" when she visited him. The

evidence indicated that respondent suffered from Alzheimer's and dementia, in addition to

numerous other medical problems affecting his physical health, such as being ventilator

dependent, and having a seizure disorder, hypertension, and prostate cancer. The minors'

adoptive mother was deceased, and Powell could not find any other family members capable of

caring for the minors. Respondent's inability to care for the minors essentially left them in the

care of Foreman, against whom there were several allegations of abuse. Based on the foregoing,

the trial court's conclusion that respondent was "suffering from Alzheimer's, and is *** non

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compos mentis, and the mother is deceased" was not manifestly erroneous. In re J.J., 246 Ill.

App. 3d at 151.

¶ 52   Respondent argues that his medical records were inherently unreliable because they were

not properly certified and delegated pursuant to subsection 2-18(4)(a) of the Act and should not

have been admitted into evidence. We hold that respondent has waived any contention on appeal

that his medical records were inadmissible. At the adjudicatory hearing, respondent's counsel

indicated that he had no objection to the admission of the records. Thus, respondent waived any

argument as to their inadmissability on appeal by failing to object in the trial court. In re Jaber

W., 344 Ill. App. 3d 250, 256 (2003) (citing Jones v. Chicago Osteopathic Hospital, 316 Ill. App.

3d 1121, 1132 (2000)).

¶ 53   Nevertheless, even if we were to consider respondent's argument, we would still decline

to overturn the trial court's decision on this basis. "Section 2-18(4)(a) of the Juvenile Court Act

provides that hospital or agency records made as to occurrences or events relating to a minor in a

neglect[, abuse, or dependency] proceeding shall be admissible into evidence as proof of those

occurrences or events if the document was made in the regular course of the hospital's or agency's

business." In re Jamarqon C., 338 Ill. App. 3d 639, 650 (2003) (citing 705 ILCS 405/2-18(4)(a)

(West 2000)). Subsection 2-18(4)(a) further provides:

       "A certification by the head or responsible employee of the hospital or agency that the

       writing, record, photograph or x-ray is the full and complete record of the condition ***

       and that it satisfies the conditions of this paragraph shall be prima facie evidence of the

       facts contained in such certification. A certification by someone other than the head of

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1-13-1281) 13-1956)


       the hospital or agency shall be accompanied by a photocopy of a delegation of authority

       signed by both the head of the hospital or agency and by such other employee. All other

       circumstances of the making of the memorandum, record, photograph or x-ray, including

       lack of personal knowledge of the maker, may be proved to affect the weight to be

       accorded such evidence, but shall not affect its admissibility." 705 ILCS 405/2-18(4)(a)

       (West 2010).

¶ 54   Respondent argues that the certification of records and the delegation of authority forms

were both signed by "Rembay Hubbard," but the delegation of authority should have been signed

by the head of the hospital instead.3 It appears that, pursuant to subsection 2-18(4)(a), the

delegation of authority form should have been signed by the head of the hospital instead of

Hubbard, who appears to hold the position of "Health Information Management." However,

respondent does not assert that the records were not authentic, incomplete, or altered.

Respondent does not suggest that his medical records were otherwise not made as a record in the

ordinary course of business around the time of the medical professionals' observations and

treatment of respondent in the hospital. In re A.B., 308 Ill. App. 3d 227, 235-36 (1999).

Respondent's argument that a possibly incorrect signature rendered his medical records

"unreliable" is unconvincing, particularly when respondent failed to raise this objection in the



       3
        The "certification of records" form in his records contained the somewhat illegible
signature of "Rembay Hubbard" or "Kimberly Hubbard," who indicated that her title and position
was "Health Information Management." The "delegation of authority to execute certification of
records" form in his records was also signed by Hubbard. Over 400 pages of respondent's
medical records accompanied these documents.

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1-13-1281) 13-1956)


trial court, where it could have been easily remedied. We note that respondent argues for the first

time in his reply brief that his counsel rendered ineffective assistance by failing to object to the

admission of his medical records. An argument raised for the first time on appeal in the reply

brief need not be addressed by this court. "[A]n appellant's arguments must be made in the

appellant's opening brief and cannot be raised for the first time in the appellate court by a reply

brief." In re Marriage of Winter, 2013 IL App (1st) 112836, ¶ 29 (citing Ill. S. Ct. R. 341(h)(7)

(eff. July 1, 2008) (“Points not argued are waived and shall not be raised in the reply brief, in oral

argument, or on petition for rehearing.”)). Again, as this minor defect could have been easily

remedied in the trial court by a timely objection, we find that respondent suffered no prejudice by

counsel's failure to object.

¶ 55                                  C. Dispositional Finding

¶ 56    In his final claim on appeal, respondent contends that, because the trial court manifestly

erred in finding the minors dependent, the trial court likewise erred in making the minors wards

of the court. See 705 ILCS 405/2-22(1) (West 2010). "A minor may be made a ward of the court

if the court determines that the parents are unable, for some reason other than financial

circumstances alone, to care for, protect, train or discipline the minor. 705 ILCS 405/2-27(1)

(West 20[10])." In re D.W., 386 Ill. App. 3d 124, 139 (2008). The trial court's decision must be

supported by the preponderance of the evidence, and we will not disturb a dispositional finding

on appeal unless it is against the manifest weight of the evidence. Id.

¶ 57    Because we have concluded that the trial court did not err in finding the minors

dependent, we similarly reject respondent's challenge to the trial court's dispositional finding. In

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1-13-1281) 13-1956)


ruling, we also consider that trial courts are given wide latitude with respect to admitting

evidence in dispositional hearings. See In re Jay. H., 395 Ill. App. 3d 1063, 1069 (2009)

(" 'Although hearsay and other types of incompetent evidence may not be admissible at the

adjudicatory hearing, they are admissible at the dispositional hearing.' " (quoting In re D.L., 226

Ill. App. 3d 177, 187 (1992))).

¶ 58                                    III. CONCLUSION

¶ 59   For the reasons stated, we affirm the trial court's adjudicatory and dispositional orders as

to Charles and Darious.

¶ 60   Affirmed.




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