Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any              Jun 11 2014, 9:56 am
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                                ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
                                                       INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF
                                                       CHILD SERVICES:

DEIDRE L. MONROE                                       GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Lake Superior Court, Juvenile Division                 Attorney General of Indiana
Public Defender’s Office                               Indianapolis, Indiana
Gary, Indiana
                                                       ROBERT J. HENKE
                                                       Deputy Attorney General
                                                       Indianapolis, Indiana

                                                       DAVID E. COREY
                                                       Deputy Attorney General
                                                       Indianapolis, Indiana

                                                       ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
                                                       LAKE COUNTY COURT APPOINTED
                                                       SPECIAL ADVOCATE:

                                                       DONALD W. WRUCK, III
                                                       Dyer, Indiana

                               IN THE
                     COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
In the Matter of the Termination of the Parent-Child          )
Relationship of A.R. and K.R., Minor Children,                )
and B.W., Mother,                                             )
                                                              )
B.W.,                                                         )
                                                              )
        Appellant-Respondent,                                 )
                                                              )
               vs.                                            )      No. 45A05-1307-JT-335
                                                              )
INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF CHILD SERVICES and                          )
LAKE COUNTY COURT APPOINTED SPECIAL                               )
ADVOCATE,1                                                        )
                                                                  )
        Appellees-Petitioners.                                    )

                       APPEAL FROM THE LAKE SUPERIOR COURT
                   The Honorable Thomas W. Webber, Sr., Judge Pro Tempore
                           Cause No. 45D06-1207-JT-126 and -127

                                             June 11, 2014

                 MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION

KIRSCH, Judge

        B.W. (“Mother”) appeals the juvenile court’s order terminating her parental rights

to A.R. and K.R. (“the Children”) arguing that the evidence presented was insufficient to

support the termination of her parental rights.

        We affirm.

                          FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY2

        On December 4, 2010, the Children were removed from Mother and Father3 and

placed in the care of Illinois Department of Child Services because both Mother and Father




        1
           Lake County Court Appointed Special Advocate has not filed an appellate brief, but did file an
appearance with this court. Additionally, pursuant to Indiana Appellate Rule 17(A), a party of record in
the trial court is a party on appeal. Knight v. Indiana Ins. Co. 871 N.E.2d 357, 363 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007).
        2
          The record on appeal in this case was prepared pursuant to the Indiana Supreme Court’s “Order
For the Indiana Court Reporting Pilot Project By Using Professional Transcription Experts On Appeal[,]”
issued on November 8, 2012, and effective on November 1, 2012. See In re Pilot Project For Expedited
Transcripts In the Preparation of the Record and Briefing on Appeal, 977 N.E.2d 1010 (Ind. 2012). We
are grateful for the ongoing cooperation of the Honorable Thomas W. Webber, Sr. of Lake Superior Court,
AVTRANZ, appellate counsel, and the Office of the Indiana Attorney General in the execution of this pilot
project.
        3
         The Children’s Father voluntarily relinquished his parental rights and does not participate in this
appeal. We will recite facts pertinent to Mother’s appeal.
                                                     2
had been arrested in Illinois. Illinois Department of Child Services contacted Lake County

Department of Child Services (“DCS”) on December 6, 2010, when it was determined that

the Children were residents of Indiana. A DCS case manager went to Illinois to pick up

the Children and learned that law enforcement agencies in Indiana and Illinois were

investigating Mother and Father for a murder that occurred in South Bend, Indiana. DCS

took custody of the Children and placed them in foster care in Indiana.

       On December 7, 2010, DCS filed a petition alleging that the Children were children

in need of services (“CHINS”), and an initial hearing was held, at which the juvenile court

found that it was in the Children’s best interest to remain outside of Mother’s care and

authorized the Children’s placement in foster care. On January 11, 2011, the juvenile court

conducted a factfinding hearing on the CHINS petition and adjudicated the Children as

CHINS. In March 2011, the Children were placed with their paternal grandmother

(“Grandmother”). At a permanency hearing held on November 9, 2011, the juvenile court

approved a permanency plan of termination of parental rights and adoption by

Grandmother.

       On July 6, 2012, DCS filed petitions to terminate Mother’s parental rights to the

Children. On June 11, 2013, the juvenile court conducted an evidentiary hearing on the

termination petitions. Mother appeared telephonically and by counsel because she was

incarcerated.

       The evidence presented at the hearing showed that Mother had remained

incarcerated since her arrest on December 4, 2010. DCS family case manager Christina

Olejnik (“FCM Olejnik”) testified that her knowledge of Mother’s criminal activities was

                                            3
that Mother was in South Bend and was involved in an altercation with a man. Tr. at 67.

Mother telephoned Father, who had driven down to South Bend from East Chicago and

shot and killed the man. Id. Both Mother and Father were charged as a result of this crime,

and Mother was convicted of murder and conspiracy to commit murder. Id. at 67, 68;

State’s Ex. R. She was sentenced to an aggregate term of fifty years imprisonment with

forty-five years executed. State’s Ex. R. Her earliest possible release date is June 13, 2033.

State’s Ex. U. Before Mother’s conviction, a DCS family case manager met with Mother

and explained to her what she was required to complete pursuant to the court’s orders,

including obtaining stable housing and employment and participating in therapy, parenting

classes, and supervised visits. Tr. at 65-66. DCS did not provide any of these services,

and Mother did not participate in any of the services, due to her incarceration.

       When DCS removed the Children in 2010, K.R. was two years old and A.R. was

one year old. At the time of the termination hearing, the Children were four and five years

old, respectively, and had been out of Mother’s care for two-and-a-half years. FCM

Olejnik recommended termination of Mother’s parental rights because the Children needed

permanency and due to Mother’s incarceration. Id. at 66. FCM Olejnik testified that the

Children were doing well in the care of Grandmother and that DCS’s plan was for her to

adopt the Children. Id. at 66.

       At the conclusion of the termination hearing, the juvenile court took the matter

under advisement. On June 12, 2013, the juvenile court issued its order terminating

Mother’s parental rights to the Children. Mother now appeals.



                                              4
                             DISCUSSION AND DECISION

       We begin our review by acknowledging that this court has long had a highly

deferential standard of review in cases concerning the termination of parental rights. In re

B.J., 879 N.E.2d 7, 14 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008), trans. denied. When reviewing a termination

of parental rights case, we will not reweigh the evidence or judge the credibility of the

witnesses. In re D.D., 804 N.E.2d 258, 265 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans. denied. Instead,

we consider only the evidence and reasonable inferences that are most favorable to the

judgment. Id. Moreover, in deference to the trial court’s unique position to assess the

evidence, we will set aside the court’s judgment terminating a parent-child relationship

only if it is clearly erroneous. In re B.J., 879 N.E.2d at 14.

       Here, in terminating Mother’s parental rights to the Children, the juvenile court

entered specific findings and conclusions. When a trial court’s judgment contains specific

findings of fact and conclusions thereon, we apply a two-tiered standard of review. Bester

v. Lake Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 839 N.E.2d 143, 147 (Ind. 2005). First, we

determine whether the evidence supports the findings, and second, we determine whether

the findings support the judgment. Id. “Findings are clearly erroneous only when the

record contains no facts to support them either directly or by inference.” Quillen v. Quillen,

671 N.E.2d 98, 102 (Ind. 1996). If the evidence and inferences support the trial court’s

decision, we must affirm. A.D.S. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child Servs., 987 N.E.2d 1150, 1156 (Ind.

Ct. App. 2013), trans. denied.

       The traditional right of parents to establish a home and raise their children is

protected by the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. In re C.G., 954

                                              5
N.E.2d 910, 923 (Ind. 2011). These parental interests, however, are not absolute and must

be subordinated to the child’s interests when determining the proper disposition of a

petition to terminate parental rights. In re J.C., 994 N.E.2d 278, 283 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013).

In addition, although the right to raise one’s own child should not be terminated solely

because there is a better home available for the child, parental rights may be terminated

when a parent is unable or unwilling to meet his or her parental responsibilities. Id.

       Before an involuntary termination of parental rights may occur, the State is required

to allege and prove, among other things:

       (B)    that one (1) of the following is true:

              (i)     There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that
                      resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for placement
                      outside the home of the parents will not be remedied.

              (ii)    There is a reasonable probability that the continuation of the
                      parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-being of the
                      child.

              (iii)   The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been adjudicated
                      a child in need of services;

       (C)    that termination is in the best interests of the child; and

       (D)    that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the child.

Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2). The State’s burden of proof for establishing these allegations

in termination cases “is one of ‘clear and convincing evidence.’” In re G.Y., 904 N.E.2d

1257, 1260-61 (Ind. 2009) (quoting Ind. Code § 31-37-14-2). Moreover, if the court finds

that the allegations in a petition described in section 4 of this chapter are true, the court

shall terminate the parent-child relationship. Ind. Code § 31-35-2-8(a) (emphasis added).


                                              6
       Mother argues that DCS failed to prove the required elements for termination by

sufficient evidence. She concedes that the Children were removed from her care for the

requisite time period and that there was a satisfactory plan for the Children’s care and

treatment. Instead, Mother alleges that DCS failed to present sufficient evidence to prove

that the conditions which resulted in the Children being removed will not be remedied or

that the continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the Children. She

also asserts that insufficient evidence was presented to prove that it was in the best interest

of the Children that her parental rights be terminated.

       Initially, we note that Mother does not specifically challenge the juvenile court’s

findings and conclusions. Therefore, to the extent that she argues that the juvenile court’s

findings or conclusions are clearly erroneous, Mother has waived this issue by failing to

make a cogent argument. In re B.R., 875 N.E.2d 369, 373 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (citing Ind.

Appellate Rule 46(A)(8)(a)), trans. denied. Additionally, Mother’s arguments consist of

statements without citation to either legal authority or citation to the record. A party waives

an issue where the party fails to develop a cogent argument or provide adequate citation to

authority and portions of the record. Dickes v. Felger, 981 N.E.2d 559, 562 (Ind. Ct. App.

2012) (citing York v. Fredrick, 947 N.E.2d 969, 979 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011), trans. denied).

Consequently, Mother has waived her claims. Waiver notwithstanding, we will address

Mother’s arguments.

       Mother’s first contention is that DCS did not prove by clear and convincing

evidence that the conditions that resulted in the Children’s removal would not be remedied.

When a juvenile court decides the issue whether the conditions that led to a child’s removal

                                              7
would be remedied, the juvenile court must assess a parent’s fitness to care for his or her

child at the time of the termination hearing. In re D.D., 804 N.E.2d at 266. Parental rights

may be terminated when parties are unwilling or unable to meet their parental

responsibilities. Id. at 265.

       The evidence showed that the Children were removed from Mother’s care on

December 4, 2010. Mother has remained incarcerated ever since and was given a forty-

five-year sentence for her conviction for murder. Her earliest release date is June 13, 2033.

The juvenile court concluded that Mother was not in a position to parent the Children. This

conclusion was supported by the evidence as it will be impossible for Mother to parent her

children before they become adults because of her criminal sentence. K.R. and A.R. will

be twenty-five years old and twenty-four years old respectively when Mother is released

from incarceration.

       Mother asserts that the juvenile court erred because it found that she had not

completed any services, but failed to recognize that Mother was incarcerated during the

duration of the case and was not offered services. The provision of family services is not

a requisite element of the termination of parental rights statute, and even a complete failure

to provide services does not serve to negate a necessary element of the termination statute

and require reversal. In re E.E., 736 N.E.2d 791, 796 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000). See also In re

B.D.J., 728 N.E.2d 195, 201 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000) (“[T]he law concerning termination of

parental rights does not require the DFC to offer services to the parent to correct the

deficiencies in childcare.”). The juvenile court did not err in concluding that there was a



                                              8
reasonable probability that the conditions that resulted in the removal of the Children from

Mother’s care would not be remedied.

       Mother next contends that DCS failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence

that there was a reasonable probability that the continuation of the parent-child relationship

posed a threat to the well-being of the Children. At the outset, we observe that Indiana

Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B) is written such that, to properly effectuate the termination

of parental rights, the juvenile court need only find that one of the three requirements of

subsection (b)(2)(B) has been established by clear and convincing evidence. A.D.S., 987

N.E.2d at 1156. Therefore, as we have already determined that sufficient evidence

supported the conclusion that the conditions that resulted in the removal of the Children

from Mother’s care would not be remedied, we need not address Mother’s argument on

this element.

       Mother’s final argument is that insufficient evidence was presented to prove that

termination was in the best interest of the Children. In determining what is in the best

interests of the child, the trial court is required to look at the totality of the evidence. In re

A.K., 924 N.E.2d 212, 224 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010) (citing In re D.D., 804 N.E.2d at 267),

trans. dismissed. In doing so, the trial court must subordinate the interests of the parents

to those of the child involved. Id. Termination of a parent-child relationship is proper

where the child’s emotional and physical development is threatened. Id. (citing In re R.S.,

774 N.E.2d 927, 930 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002), trans. denied). The trial court need not wait

until the child is irreversibly harmed such that her physical, mental, and social development

is permanently impaired before terminating the parent-child relationship. Id. Additionally,

                                                9
a child’s need for permanency is an important consideration in determining the best

interests of a child, and the testimony of the service providers may support a finding that

termination is in the child’s best interests. Id. (citing McBride v. Monroe Cnty. Office of

Family & Children, 798 N.E.2d 185, 203 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003)).

       The record is clear that the Children needed stability and a sense of permanency in

order to foster their physical, mental, and social growth. K.R. and A.R. were two years old

and one year old, respectively, at the time they were removed from Mother’s care due to

her arrest on suspicion of murder. At the time of the termination hearing, the Children

were four years old and five years old and had been out of Mother’s care for two-and-a-

half years. Due to Mother’s conviction and sentence for murder, her earliest release date

from incarceration is June 13, 2033, at which time, the Children will both be adults. FCM

Olejnik recommended termination because of the Children’s need for permanency, the

length of Mother’s criminal sentence, and how long DCS had been involved in the

Children’s lives. Tr. at 66.

       Mother asserts that the Children should be afforded the opportunity to be raised or

at least have a relationship with their natural mother. However, by her participation in

criminal activities, she has deprived the Children of her presence in their lives. “[T]his

court has recognized that ‘[i]ndividuals who pursue criminal activity run the risk of being

denied the opportunity to develop positive and meaningful relationships with their

children.’” Castro v. State Office of Family & Children, 842 N.E.2d 367, 374 (Ind. Ct.

App. 2006) (quoting In re A.C.B., 598 N.E.2d 570, 572 (Ind. Ct. App. 1992)), trans. denied.



                                            10
We conclude that sufficient evidence was presented to support that termination was in the

best interest of the Children.

       We will reverse a termination of parental rights “only upon a showing of ‘clear

error’--that which leaves us with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been

made.” In re A.N.J., 690 N.E.2d 716, 722 (Ind. Ct. App. 1997) (quoting In re Egly, 592

N.E.2d 1232, 1235 (Ind. 1992)). Based on the record before us, we cannot say that the

juvenile court’s termination of Mother’s parental rights to the Children was clearly

erroneous. We therefore affirm the juvenile court’s judgment.

       Affirmed.

MAY, J., and BRADFORD, J., concur.




                                           11
