                                    NO. 07-08-0191-CV

                              IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                       FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

                                       AT AMARILLO

                                         PANEL D

                                   APRIL 24, 2009
                          ______________________________

                  IN THE INTEREST OF ROBERT THOMAS BARNES
                         AKA ROBERT LINCOLN JONES, JR.
                       _________________________________

             FROM THE 320TH DISTRICT COURT OF POTTER COUNTY;

                 NO. 74393-D; HONORABLE DON EMERSON, JUDGE
                        _______________________________


Before QUINN, C.J., and CAMPBELL and PIRTLE, JJ.


                                MEMORANDUM OPINION


       Appellant Robert Thomas Barnes, a/k/a Robert Lincoln Jones, Jr., proceeding pro

se, appeals from the trial court’s judgment denying his petition to restore his original name.

Through one issue, appellant contends the trial court abused its discretion by denying his

request. We disagree, and affirm the trial court’s judgment.


       Appellant filed a pro se petition he entitled Petition to Restore Original Name, in

which he asserted his birth name was Robert Lincoln Jones, Jr. When he was later

adopted, his name was changed to Robert Thomas Barnes. By his petition, he sought to

have his original name restored.
       Chapter 45 of the Family Code governs petitions for change of name of children and

adults. For adults, the verified petition requirements include, inter alia, a statement

whether the petitioner has been the subject of a final felony conviction. Tex. Fam. Code

Ann. § 45.102 (Vernon 2002). The Code further provides that the court may order a

change of name for a petitioner with a final felony conviction if, in addition to meeting the

general requirements, the petitioner (1) has received a certificate of discharge by the

pardons and paroles division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice or completed a

period of probation ordered by a court and not less than two years have passed from the

date of the receipt of discharge or completion of probation; or (2) has been pardoned. Tex.

Fam. Code Ann. § 45.103(b) (Vernon 2005).


       Appellant’s petition to the trial court did not expressly state he had been finally

convicted of a felony, but other information in the petition makes clear that is the case, and

appellant does not dispute that fact. He is incarcerated in a unit of the Institutional Division

of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Nor does he dispute that he has not received

a certificate of discharge or otherwise met the requirements of Family Code § 45.103(b).

The trial court’s judgment also makes clear that is one of the reasons his petition was

denied.


       Appellant argues Family Code Chapter 45 does not apply to his petition. He

attempts to distinguish a change of name, which he acknowledges is governed by Chapter

45, from his request to restore the name he was given at birth. He argues he did not seek

a name change, but simply the restoration of his original name. However, pleadings are

governed by the substance of the relief requested, not the name applied. See State Bar

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of Texas v. Heard, 603 S.W.2d 829, 833 (Tex. 1980) (holding that courts look to the

substance of a plea for relief to determine the nature of the pleading, not merely at the

form of title given to it); Hong Kong Dev., Inc. v. Nguyen, 229 S.W.3d 415, 430 n.6

(Tex.App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.) (indicating same). The substance of the relief

appellant asked of the trial court was a change in his legal name from Robert Thomas

Barnes to Robert Lincoln Jones, Jr. The trial court did not err by requiring appellant’s

compliance with § 45.103 as a condition of the relief he sought. See In re Mayol, 137

S.W.3d 103 (Tex.App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 2004, no pet.) (applying Chapter 45 to request

to change name to birth name).


       As authority the trial court had the power to restore his original name without his

compliance with the requirements of § 45.103, appellant cites In re Erickson, 547 S.W.2d

357 (Tex.App.–Houston [14th Dist.] 1977, no writ.). The case does not support appellant’s

position. The court there found that the petitioner Erickson satisfied the requirements of

the statute then governing changes of name. Id. at 359. It reversed the trial court and

rendered the requested name change, but nothing in the case suggests the appellate court

would have done so if the petition had not satisfied all the requirements of the statute. For

the same reason, Erickson actually supports the trial court’s denial of appellant’s petition,

which he acknowledges did not meet the Family Code’s requirements.


       As Erickson also holds, a person does not have the absolute right to change his

name by court order. 547 S.W.2d at 359. Whether a petition for a name change is

granted is a matter of judicial discretion. Id. at 358. See also Chavez v. Chavez, 269



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S.W.3d 763, 768 (Tex.App.–Dallas 2008, no pet.); In re Mayol, 137 S.W.3d at 105. The

test for abuse of discretion is whether the court acted without reference to any guiding rules

and principles, i.e. whether the trial court acted arbitrarily or unreasonably. Downer v.

Aquamarine Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 241-42 (Tex. 1985); Chavez, 269 S.W.3d

at 768. The trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying appellant’s petition.


       Appellant also analogizes his attempt to restore his original name to the name

changes authorized on divorce under the Family Code. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 6.706

(Vernon 2006); Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 45.105 (Vernon 2008). But neither are those name

changes mandatory. Under both statutes, the court may deny a request to change a

party’s name to one the party previously used if the court states a reason for the denial in

the decree. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 6.706(a) (Vernon 2006); Tex. Fam. Code Ann. §

45.105(a) (Vernon 2008).


       Lastly, appellant argues he is not trying to “hide anything” or commit any fraud by

returning to the use of his original name. He asserts he has used both names over the

years, and that law enforcement agencies are fully aware of his use of both names. All

that well may be true. But that does not change the fact appellant has not met the

requirements imposed by statute for the relief he has requested.


       Finding the trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying appellant’s petition, we

overrule appellant’s issue and affirm the trial court’s judgment.


                                                   James T. Campbell
                                                       Justice


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