           UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR VETERANS CLAIMS


No. 01-8001

In Re ERIC C. CONN , Attorney at Law


                        Before FARLEY, IVERS, and STEINBERG, Judges

                                              ORDER

        Eric C. Conn, a member of the Court's Bar, has submitted, in the form prescribed by the
Court, his resignation from the Bar in lieu of further investigatory proceedings on allegations of
professional misconduct in cases before this Court. In submitting this resignation, attorney Conn
has also relinquished any right to apply for reinstatement or readmission at any time in the future.

        A resignation from the Bar while investigation as part of a disciplinary proceeding is pending
is not provided for in the Court's Rules of Admission and Practice. However, it is well established
that a federal court possesses the inherent power to control admission to its bar and to discipline
attorneys who appear before it. Chambers v. NASCO, Inc., 501 U.S. 32, 43 (1991) ("While this
power 'ought to be exercised with great caution,' it is nevertheless 'incidental to all Courts.'" (citing
Ex parte Burr, 9 Wheat. 529 (1824))). The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that the inherent powers
of a court can be invoked even if procedural rules exist that sanction the same result by a different
method. 501 U.S. at 49. "[I]f in the informed discretion of the court, neither the statute nor the
Rules are up to the task, the court may safely rely on its inherent power." Id. at 50; see Klein v. Stahl
GMBH & Co. Maschinefabrik, 185 F.3d 98 (3d Cir. 1999).

        Because the [Federal Rules of Civil Procedure] form and shape certain aspects of a
        court's inherent powers [to control its own proceedings], yet allow the continued
        exercise of that power where discretion should be available, the mere absence of
        language in the federal rules specifically authorizing or describing a particular
        judicial procedure should not, and does not, give rise to a negative implication of
        prohibition.

G. Heileman Brewing Co., Inc. v. Joseph Oat Corp., 871 F.2d 648, 651-52 (7th Cir. 1987) (citing
Link v. Wabash R.R., 370 U.S. 626 (1962)). Accordingly, we conclude that this Court has the
inherent power to accept resignations from members of the Bar who are involved in a disciplinary
proceeding.

        Although the Court has the inherent power to accept a resignation during the pendency of a
disciplinary proceeding, whether the Court should accept such a resignation is a matter within the
Court's discretion. In determining whether to accept such resignations, courts have generally focused
upon the impact that resignation will have on public policy interests such as maintaining the integrity
of the bar, the administration of justice, and protection of the public. Compare People v. Pacheco,
198 Colo. 455, 608 P.2d 333 (Colo. 1979) (en banc) (permitting an attorney charged with neglecting
a variety of clients' legal matters to surrender his license to practice law); In re Green, 357 So. 2d
729 (Fla. 1978) (permitting resignation where the attorney had failed to prosecute an appeal of a
traffic conviction, forward criminal appellate records to a client, pursue a foreclosure, probate an
estate, and timely complete a real-estate closing, and neglected a legal matter that resulted in default
judgment being entered against the client) and In re Vaught, 342 So. 2d 820 (Fla. 1977) (attorney
failed to communicate with and misrepresented the status of a case to his client) with In re McCoy,
447 N.W. 2d 887 (Minn. 1989) (denying the attorney's petition for resignation submitted during the
pendency of disciplinary proceedings involving contentions that the attorney had failed to file suits
or documents he claimed to have filed, refused to comply with request that he return client files,
made no accounting to client on a judgment collection matter, and failed to cooperate with ethics
investigation) and In re Atkins, 253 Ga. 319, 320 S.E.2d 146 (Ga. 1984) (disbarring rather than
accepting attorney's voluntary surrender of his license because the court viewed the attorney's failure
to be aware of and to assert the right of a client potentially faced with a death sentence to a bifurcated
trial on the issues of guilt and sentencing as so egregious a defect in his competence as to warrant,
for the protection of the public, the most severe of sanctions).

        Although the Court is concerned by the alleged professional misconduct of the respondent,
his agreement to cease all practice before this Court provides the Court and its appellants with
protection from any repetition of such conduct by him. Moreover, no appellant has filed a complaint
with the Court relating to professional services provided by the respondent. Therefore, the Court
will accept the respondent's resignation. This resignation is not to be construed as an admission of
the allegations of professional misconduct by attorney Conn and the acceptance of the resignation
by the Court does not constitute a finding by the Court as to the allegations pending. Nor does this
order constitute an "order imposing discipline," pursuant to Rule 13 of this Court's Rules of
Admission and Practice and, accordingly, the Clerk of the Court is not required to make the
notifications described in subsections (b) and (c) of Rule 13.

        Upon consideration of the foregoing, it is

         ORDERED that the resignation of Eric C. Conn from the Bar of this Court, conditioned by
his relinquishment of any right to apply for reinstatement or readmission, is accepted, and his name
is hereby removed from the rolls of practitioners admitted to practice before this Court.


DATE:           September 30, 2002                       PER CURIAM.

         STEINBERG, Judge, concurring in part and dissenting in part: I agree with the majority that
it is proper for the Court to accept the respondent's resignation from the Bar of this Court and that
we possess the authority to allow him to resign while under disciplinary investigation. However, I
cannot join in the per curiam order because I believe that it is deficient (1) in failing to address the
procedural issue of whether certain matters should first be submitted to the Committee on Admission
and Practice (Committee), rather than the Court; (2) in its narrow view of "protection of the public",
as it relates to notification; and (3) in failing to substantiate its apparent determination that the
Court's action is not an imposition of discipline that would lead to the notifications by the Clerk of
the Court (Clerk) that are described in Rule 13(b) and (c) of the Court's Rules of Admission and
Practice (A&P Rules).

                                        I. Committee Issues

        On May 30, 2002, the respondent submitted directly to the Court, with a copy sent also to
the Committee, a motion for leave to resign. At the time that the appellant submitted this pleading
to the Court, he was, as he is now, under investigation by the Committee for potential disciplinary
violations. See U.S. VET . APP . R. ADM . & PRAC. [hereinafter "A&P RULE"] 2(c). Under our A&P
Rules, the Committee is the investigative body in these proceedings, see A&P RULE 2(c)(3)
(providing that "[t]he Committee will investigate the matter" (emphasis added)), and "[i]t is the duty
of the . . . practitioner concerned or his or her counsel to cooperate with the Committee", A&P
RULE 2(f). I am concerned that the respondent here made his motion (for leave to resign) directly
to the Court, and not to the Court through the Committee, the body that was investigating his
actions. Hence, I believe that the Court should have addressed the rationale for allowing the
respondent to bypass the Committee in this instance. Although such action, in certain circumstances,
may be appropriate, allowing the respondent's motion in this case to proceed directly to the Court
should not be seen as in any way lessening the responsibility of the respondent, or any future
applicant or practitioner, to cooperate fully with the Committee.

         For my part, I view the Court's decision to accept the respondent's resignation in this case as
not intended to short-circuit the Committee's investigatory process. Rather, it is merely a particular
instance where a proposed resolution is the most expedient and efficient means of terminating the
matter while still permitting protection of the interests for which the process was initiated (see parts
II. and III., below). I would expect that in the future a decision whether to accept or reject such an
offer of resignation would be analyzed on a case-by-case basis.

       I also wish to express appreciation for the Committee's diligence and effort in this matter.

                                  II. Protection of Public Interest

         The per curiam order states that "[i]n determining whether to accept such resignations, courts
have generally focused upon the impact that resignation will have on public policy interests such as
maintaining the integrity of the [B]ar, the administration of justice, and protection of the public."
Ante at 2. This is a fine and laudatory notion, but the Court undercuts it a few lines later when it
states that the respondent's "agreement to cease all practice before this Court provides the Court and
its appellants with protection from any repetition of such conduct." Ante at 2 (emphasis added). The
first statement of the Court, particularly with its recognition of the public policy interests of
disciplinary proceedings in the "protection of the public", recognizes a broader area of concern, and
one that I feel is a legitimate concern for this Court. Unfortunately, the second statement reflects an
ill-advised restriction of our concern to how an action will affect only our corner of the legal world.

        Under Rule 46(a)(1) of this Court's Rules of Practice and Procedure, an attorney may be
admitted to the Bar of this Court if he or she is "of good moral character" and "has been admitted
to practice in the Supreme Court of the United States, or the highest court of any state, the District
of Columbia, or a territory, possession, or commonwealth of the United States, and is in good
standing therein". U.S. VET . APP . R. 46(a)(1). It is axiomatic that an attorney who is admitted to
practice before this Court will be admitted to practice before at least one other Court. Therefore,
unlike most courts overseeing disciplinary investigations, this Court has certain knowledge of the
fact that the attorney under investigation is licensed to practice before other courts.

        Although we obviously possess the power to oversee only the Bar of this Court, that does not,
to my mind, excuse us from exhibiting greater concern for the "protection of the public" in a sense
that extends beyond the confines of this Court. I believe that the requisite protection in this case
would be accomplished by providing A&P Rule 13 notice of public discipline so as to inform other
jurisdictions in which we believe that the respondent is licensed (discussed further in part III., below)
of the terms of his resignation. The Court's narrow view of the "protection of the public" is yet
another reason that I cannot join in the Court's per curiam order.

                      III. Notification of Order Imposing Public Discipline

         Under A&P Rule 13(b), the Clerk "will promptly mail a certified copy of the order imposing
public discipline to another court or other governmental entity if there is reason to believe that the
practitioner is admitted to practice before that court or entity." Under A&P Rule 13(c), such notice
is also to be made to the American Bar Association's (ABA) National Discipline Data Bank. As I
noted above in part II., such notification appears to signify the Court's recognition of a broader
interest in the "protection of the public". The Clerk should make such notification here, I believe,
because this order is, for the reasons set forth below, essentially an "order imposing public
discipline". A&P RULE 13(b), (c). Furthermore, I would note that any member of the public,
including, of course, any judge or staff member of this Court, is free to bring to the attention of the
appropriate authorities the existence of this order, and that attorneys may in fact be under a
heightened obligation to take such action. Cf. ABA Model Rule of Professional Conduct 8.3(a)
(providing that "[a] lawyer having knowledge that another lawyer has committed a violation of the
Rules of Professional Conduct that raises a substantial question as to that lawyer's honesty,
trustworthiness, or fitness as a lawyer in other respects, shall inform the appropriate professional
authority"); A&P RULE 4(a) (providing that "[u]nless otherwise provided by specific rule of the
Court, the disciplinary standard for practice [in this Court] is the Model Rules of Professional
Conduct adopted by the American Bar Association on August 2, 1983, as amended").
         I note that, in explaining its authority to allow the respondent to resign from the Court's Bar,
the Court today states that "it is well established that a federal court possesses the inherent power
to control admission to its [B]ar and to discipline attorneys who appear before it." Ante at 1
(emphasis added). Furthermore, to the extent that the A&P Rules speak to our authority to take such
action, they state as follows:

        Discipline imposed under these rules for practitioner misconduct may consist of
        disbarment (or revocation of admission to practice in the case of a non-attorney
        practitioner), suspension from practice before the Court, monetary sanction
        (including fines), public reprimand, private admonition (in the form of an
        unpublished (and nonpublic) order), or any other discipline that the Court considers
        appropriate.
A&P RULE 5(a) (emphasis added). Over and above any guidance we may glean from these sources,
however, I believe that there are two other, highly salient points that establish that the Court's order
today is essentially an "order imposing public discipline".

        First, I note that the Court not only accepted the respondent's resignation, but dictated to him
the terms and the form under which it would accept such resignation. Therefore, the Court
"imposed" these conditions upon the respondent, i.e., his options were either to accept resignation
on the Court's terms and conditions or to continue with the Committee's investigation process.
Second, in his May 30, 2002, motion to the Court, the respondent proposed only to "agree not to seek
admission to practice before this Court at any time in the future", but, in his official resignation from
the Bar of the Court, on the form dictated by the Court, the respondent "relinquishe[d] any right he
may have ever in the future to apply for reinstatement or readmission to the Bar of the United States
Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims, either as an attorney or as a non-attorney practitioner". There
is a significant difference between proposing, in a motion made to the Court, to agree not to seek
readmission as an attorney and an explicit relinquishment, in a resignation letter that is, in effect,
incorporated by reference in a public order of the Court, of any right to reinstatement or readmission.
As to the relinquishment of the right to seek readmission to practice, there is also a significant
difference between practicing as an attorney and practicing either as an attorney or as a non-attorney
practitioner (a separate category of representation). The Court's having "imposed" upon the
respondent in this proceeding legally binding restrictions barring any future practice before this
Court by him in any capacity, in light of the foregoing analysis, constitutes "discipline".1




         1
             Analogous cases arising out of regulation of the Bar of the Supreme Court of Kentucky, of which the
respondent is a member, may be read to support the notion that resignation while under investigation is, by itself, a form
of "discipline". Marsh v. Ky. Bar Ass'n, 28 S.W .3d 859 (Ky. 2000); Head v. Ky. Bar Ass'n, 938 S.W .2d 581 (Ky. 1997);
O'Bryan v. Ky. Bar Ass'n, 824 S.W .2d 877 (Ky. 1992). In each of these three cases, the Supreme Court of Kentucky
allowed resignation while under investigation, but mandated that each such movant had to comply with Kentucky
Supreme Court Rule (SCR) 3.390. Marsh, 28 S.W .3d at 860; Head, 938 S.W .2d at 582; O'Bryan, 824 S.W .2d at 878.
This rule states, inter alia, as follows:

         There shall be contained in every opinion or order, imposing disbarment or a suspension of more
         than sixty (60) days, a direction that such suspended or disbarred attorney notify all Courts in which
         he/she has matters pending, and all clients for whom he/she is actively involved in litigation and
         similar legal matters, of his/her inability to continue to represent them and of the necessity and urgency
         of promptly retaining new counsel.

SCR 3.390 (emphasis added). It is reasonably arguable that, having included such SCR 3.390 notice in these orders in
which the Supreme Court of Kentucky allowed an attorney to resign while under investigation, that court considered
these orders either to be "imposing disbarment or a suspension of more than sixty . . . days" or to be the equivalent of
such orders. Under our own Rules, such disbarment or suspension is clearly a form of discipline. U.S. V ET . A PP . R.
A D M . & P RAC . 5(a). I believe that we should take notice of the fact that these actions of the relevant state court, of which
the respondent is a member and on the basis of which he was, reciprocally, admitted to this Court's Bar, may seem to be
construing resignations while under investigation as being the equivalent of disbarment or suspension, and, thus, a form
of discipline.
                                           IV. Conclusion

        As stated above, I cannot agree with the ultimate disposition of this case, because I believe
that the order constitutes public discipline requiring public notification under A&P Rule 13.
Although I believe that the respondent's resignation, under the terms dictated by the Court, is a
proper resolution for this matter, I do not believe that the Court should take that action in this case
without public notice and without addressing several matters discussed above. Therefore, for the
foregoing reasons, I dissent from the Court's order to the extent that it may be read as indicating that
Rule 13(b) and (c) notifications will not be made by the Clerk.
