                                 NUMBERS 13-13-00437-CV
                                         13-13-00438-CV

                                  COURT OF APPEALS

                     THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

                        CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG

       IN THE INTEREST OF L.C., M.C., J.E.S. AND D.M., CHILDREN


                       On appeal from the 343rd District Court
                            of Live Oak County, Texas.


                              MEMORANDUM OPINION
   Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Benavides and Longoria
              Memorandum Opinion by Justice Longoria
        This is a termination of parental rights case involving one parent and four

children. By two issues, appellant Y.G. challenges the legal and factual sufficiency of

the evidence supporting the judgments terminating her parental rights over her minor

children, L.C., M.C., J.E.S., and D.M. 1 See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(D), (E),

(O), (P), § 161.001(2) (West 2008). We affirm.


        1
          We refer to appellant, the children, and their family members by their initials in order to protect
the privacy of appellant and the children. See TEX. R. APP. P. 9.8(b).
                                              I. BACKGROUND

       On July 28, 2011, the Department received a referral alleging neglectful

supervision of L.C., M.C., and J.E.S. by appellant. 2 The report alleged that appellant

was leaving the children in the care of her boyfriend M.M., a drug dealer; appellant was

using drugs herself; someone in the house was supplying marijuana to C.G., appellant’s

oldest child; and M.M. was having sexual contact with C.G.

       The Department opened an investigation and ruled out all of the allegations

involving C.G. The Department also found that appellant had “acted appropriately” in

taking C.G. to medical appointments and enrolling her in counseling. Appellant later

sent C.G. to live with relatives in California, and C.G. is not a party to the case. The

Department remained involved with appellant because a drug test that appellant

submitted to during the initial contact tested positive for amphetamines and

methamphetamines. Appellant had previously admitted to taking Ritalin that had not

been prescribed for her. The Department was also concerned that appellant had been

diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit

disorder and had not been treated or taken any prescribed medication for four years.

Appellant signed a safety plan that included having a relative move into her house to

monitor contact between appellant and her children. As part of the plan, appellant

agreed to complete a substance abuse assessment, a mental health screening, attend

and complete counseling, and avoid consuming illegal drugs.


       2
          At this time, D.M. had not yet been born. The Department later received a separate referral
regarding D.M. because appellant tested positive for amphetamines at the time of his birth. The
Department started a separate case involving only D.M. The trial court heard and decided both cases
simultaneously but rendered separate judgments. Appellant appealed the judgment terminating her rights
over D.M. separately to this Court under cause No. 13-13-00438-CV. We dispose of both appeals in one
opinion because the legal issues are the same. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1.

                                                  2
       The case was transferred to the Department’s Family Based Services, and

Yolanda Gonzalez was assigned as the caseworker. 3 Gonzalez first made contact with

appellant in November of 2011 and discovered that the relative who agreed to monitor

contact between appellant and her children had moved out. Appellant signed a second

safety plan where she agreed that her neighbor would monitor appellant’s contact with

her children.    During the home visit, Gonzalez also observed that appellant’s face

appeared bruised; appellant explained that she had been assaulted by six teenagers

who tried to rob her. The next day, Gonzalez transported appellant and her children to

a doctor’s appointment; appellant admitted to her that she had actually been assaulted

by her ex-boyfriend, J.S, who is the father of J.E.S. Appellant explained that she did not

call the police because her current boyfriend M.M. was also involved in the fight and

“they did not want any trouble.”

       During a home visit on December 21, 2011, Gonzalez observed that appellant’s

face again appeared bruised. Appellant told Gonzalez that J.S. appeared at her house

and assaulted her again, but that the children were at a neighbor’s house at the time.

Appellant also told Gonzalez that M.C. broke her arm in the shower a few days before.

The caseworker spoke with M.C., but she “could not determine if this happened while

she was alone in the shower or not.”

       Gonzalez received appellant’s initial substance abuse assessment on the same

day. The therapist wrote that appellant was “unkempt, loud, defensive, evasive, and

resistant.” The therapist also noted that appellant “seemed unstable” because appellant

reassured her son that she was not mad at the therapist and was not going to harm the

       3
        We take this description of the events leading up to the time that the trial court granted the
Department’s petition for temporary conservatorship from Gonzalez’s First Amended Affidavit in Support
of Removal. The affidavit was part of the record before the trial court.

                                                  3
therapist even though appellant’s son had not spoken during the assessment.

      On December 27, 2011, an assistant caseworker transported appellant to a

follow-up mental health assessment during which appellant stated that she no longer

wished to move to avoid J.S. Gonzalez called appellant and they agreed to meet to

discuss a safety plan. The next day, Gonzalez went to appellant’s residence to discuss

the safety plan but discovered that appellant had left her children in the care of her

neighbor and left town for a day.

      Gonzalez returned to appellant’s residence on December 29. Appellant signed a

new safety plan where she agreed to not let J.S. into the house and to call the police if

he tried to confront her. Appellant again submitted to a drug screening, and admitted

that she consumed methamphetamines when she had been out of town. Appellant

explained that she had been drinking alcohol with friends the day before and “started

freakin’ out and [. . .] needed to calm down” because she wanted to cut herself.

Appellant stated that this was the first time in five years that she had felt a desire to

harm herself. Appellant also stated that she consumed methamphetamines to avoid

sleeping because of nightmares. Appellant denied ever using drugs while taking care of

her children; appellant’s neighbor confirmed that she takes care of the children “every

time [appellant] goes out,” including on the day when appellant said that she had most

recently used methamphetamines. Appellant signed an updated safety plan where she

agreed that she would not use drugs and that her neighbor would continue to monitor

appellant’s interaction with her children. Appellant’s drug screening returned positive for

methamphetamines.

      On January 3, 2012, appellant contacted Gonzalez with a placement option for



                                            4
the children. The Department agreed to the placement and the children were placed. 4

On February 3, 2012, appellant and M.M. picked up the children from the placement

residence “unexpectedly” and “without any clothing or supplies.” The Department was

unable to locate the children and petitioned the court for temporary managing

conservatorship.      The Department cited appellant’s “ongoing methamphetamine use

and untreated mental illness with vulnerable children in her care” as grounds for

removal. The trial court granted the Department’s petition.

       The trial court held an adversary hearing on February 15, 2012. J.S., the father

of J.E.S., was contacted by phone to inform him of the adversary hearing, but he did not

appear.     The trial court issued a temporary order confirming the Department’s

conservatorship.       The temporary order required appellant to comply with “each

requirement of the Department’s original, or any amended, service plan.” Appellant

signed the service plans promising to refrain from using illegal drugs and acknowledging

that if she failed to comply with the plans’ requirements, she would not regain custody of

her children, and could permanently lose custody.

       Following a status hearing held on March 28, 2012, the Department could not

contact appellant for a period of approximately three months despite multiple attempts.

Once the Department resumed contact with appellant, they learned that she had moved

from Three Rivers, Texas to Beeville, Texas without notifying the Department in order to

“start a new lifestyle.” The Department later learned that for part of that time appellant

had checked herself into the Rainbow House in Corpus Christi and later moved to the

Women’s Shelter, stating that she did not want to return to her house because of the


       4
         There is no information in the record about the persons who agreed to care for the children or
whether the placement family was composed of relatives.

                                                  5
risk of assault from J.S.

         Sandra Alvarez, another Department caseworker, testified at the termination

hearing that appellant later successfully completed parenting, anger management, and

substance-abuse classes, but the Department remained concerned because appellant

was unable to secure adequate housing. Appellant later obtained work as a gate guard,

but she had stopped attending counseling because of the amount of hours that she

worked each day. Appellant was still unable to find housing that was big enough for all

of the children and could not explain how she would be able to take care of her children

if she regained custody due to the length of her working day.

         On November 19, 2012, the Department received another referral regarding

appellant because she tested positive for amphetamines when she gave birth to D.M. 5

Appellant admitted to Alvarez that she consumed Ritalin that had not been prescribed to

her for two months prior to the birth. Alvarez also testified that appellant was no longer

on the medications prescribed to her by MHMR to treat her mental illnesses. 6 The trial

court granted the Department temporary managing conservatorship over D.M. The trial

court also recommended that appellant and M.M., D.M.’s father, find a placement for the

child.

         On December 3, 2012, appellant checked herself into a psychiatric hospital after

attempting suicide by slitting her throat and wrists. The Department created a family

service plan for appellant and M.M. to resume custody of D.M. Appellant signed the

plan, but M.M. did not. The plan also included a provision prohibiting appellant from

         5
           We will refer to L.C., M.C., and J.E.S. as “the three older children” where necessary to
differentiate them from D.M.
         6
         It is not clear from the record if appellant stopped taking the medications or if she exhausted the
supply she received from the MHRM program.

                                                     6
using illegal drugs.

       Alvarez testified that after leaving the hospital appellant began “doing what she

needed to do.” Appellant obtained housing and employment (this time as a bookkeeper

for a furniture business and as a clerk at a convenience store), resumed attending

counseling sessions, submitted to random drug testing, and complied with the MHMR

program. However, appellant still did not complete the “substance abuse after care

program.”

       Michelle Mendoza, the final Department caseworker, also testified at the

termination hearing. On April 26, 2013, appellant submitted to another drug test and

had a weekend visit with the three older children. Mendoza transported the children to

appellant’s residence and stayed for over an hour. Mendoza testified that during the

time that she was present, appellant acted very erratically: “she would be calm one

minute and then she would get very angry.”        Mendoza testified that at one point

appellant told her friend Tonya, who had been trying to calm appellant down, that she

and Tonya needed to stop talking or else Mendoza “would think they were tweaking.”

Mendoza testified that she did not understand the reference at the time but that she

later learned that the phrase “has to do with someone’s behavior when they’re on

drugs.”

       Mendoza further testified that when she picked up the children after the home

visit, they told her that appellant took them to visit M.M. in the Live Oak County Jail

where he was incarcerated. This was a violation of the agreement that appellant and

Mendoza had signed about the visit which stipulated, among other things, that appellant

was not going to leave the residence with the children without first contacting Mendoza.



                                           7
Appellant also gave Mendoza the medication that had been prescribed to the children.

Mendoza testified that appellant “handed the medication back to me and said that

although she knew she was supposed to give it to them, she didn’t believe in giving the

medication and was not going to give it to them.”

        Several days later, Mendoza received the results of the drug test appellant took

on the day of the visit with the children. Mendoza testified that the drug test tested “high

positive” for methamphetamines.             Mendoza testified that this test result meant that

appellant had consumed those substances “very recently,” before the test, but she

could not testify that it definitely meant that appellant was under the influence during the

visit with her children.

        Mendoza testified that the three older children are in a stable foster family in the

Houston area. All three of the children passed to the next grade level in school, and

she described them as generally doing well. Mendoza also testified that D.M. has been

placed with a caregiver in a different city and described him as “thriving.” Mendoza also

testified that at the time of trial, appellant was incarcerated in jail on a charge of credit

card abuse and was unable to make a $5,000 bond.

        Appellant appeared at the termination hearing and was represented by counsel,

but the alleged fathers of the children, J.S., I.C., and M.M., did not appear. 7 Appellant

testified at the end of the termination hearing, but her testimony did not add any

additional information. Appellant’s counsel passed the witness after the judge


        7
           M.M., the father of D.M., was served and executed an affidavit relinquishing his parental rights.
The Department was never able to find any contact information for I.C., who is not an American citizen,
and eventually sent a notification letter to his country’s consulate. The Department was unable to contact
J.S. again after the phone conversation notifying him of the adversary hearing that was scheduled after
the Department was granted temporary managing conservatorship of the three older children. After the
Department moved to terminate appellant’s parental rights, the Department sent letters to two addresses
for J.S., but both were returned marked “return to sender.”

                                                     8
admonished appellant for “telling stories” instead of using a question-and-answer

format.     The cross-examination of appellant also did not elicit any new information

except that appellant no longer possessed the van she had purchased to transport the

children.

       Following the hearing, the trial court rendered judgments finding that the

Department had shown by clear and convincing evidence that appellant had committed

four statutory grounds for termination, and that termination was in the best interests of

the children. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(D), (E), (O), (P), § 161.001(2).

The court also terminated the parental rights of I.C. and M.M.          Appellant timely

perfected this appeal, but none of the fathers appealed the termination order.

                                    II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

       “The natural right which exists between parents and their children is one of

constitutional dimensions.” In re J.W.T., 872 S.W.2d 189, 194–95 (Tex. 1994) (citing

Wiley v. Spratlan, 543 S.W.2d 349, 352 (Tex. 1976)). Accordingly, we must strictly

scrutinize termination proceedings in favor of the parent. In re A.C., 394 S.W.3d 633,

639 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, no pet.).

       A court may order the parent-child relationship terminated upon a finding that the

parent engaged in certain conduct specified in section 161.001(1) of the family code,

and that termination is in the best interests of the child. In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 23

(Tex. 2002); see TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)–(2). The State must establish both

elements; termination may not be based solely on the trier of fact’s determination of the

best interests of the child. Tex. Dep’t of Human Servs. v. Boyd, 727 S.W.2d 531, 533

(Tex. 1987).     The State’s burden of proof is by clear and convincing evidence, a



                                            9
standard the family code defines as “the measure or degree of proof that will produce in

the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the truth of the allegations

sought to be established.” TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 101.007 (West 2008). This is an

intermediate standard that “falls between the preponderance of the evidence standard

of civil proceedings and the reasonable doubt standard of criminal proceedings.” In re

L.J.N., 329 S.W.3d 667, 671 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2010, no pet.)

       The Texas Supreme Court has explained the unique procedure for reviewing the

legal sufficiency of the evidence in a parental termination case as follows:

       In a legal sufficiency review, a court should look at all the evidence in the
       light most favorable to the finding to determine whether a reasonable trier
       of fact could have formed a firm belief or conviction that its finding was
       true. To give appropriate deference to the factfinder’s conclusions and the
       role of a court conducting a legal sufficiency review, looking at the
       evidence in the light most favorable to the judgment means that a
       reviewing court must assume that the factfinder resolved disputed facts in
       favor of its finding if a reasonable factfinder could do so. A corollary to this
       requirement is that a court should disregard all evidence that a reasonable
       factfinder could have disbelieved or found to have been incredible. This
       does not mean that a court must disregard all evidence that does not
       support the finding. Disregarding undisputed facts that do not support the
       finding could skew the analysis of whether there is clear and convincing
       evidence.

       If, after conducting its legal sufficiency review of the record evidence, a
       court determines that no reasonable factfinder could form a firm belief or
       conviction that the matter that must be proven is true, then that court must
       conclude that the evidence is legally insufficient. Rendition of judgment in
       favor of the parent would generally be required if there is legally
       insufficient evidence.

In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 266 (Tex. 2002) (citations omitted).

       “The difference between legal and factual sufficiency when the burden of proof is

clear and convincing evidence may be a fine one in some cases, but there is a

distinction in how the evidence is reviewed.” Id. In a factual sufficiency review, we ask:



                                             10
       whether the disputed evidence is such that a reasonable factfinder could
       not have resolved the disputed evidence in favor of its finding. If, in light
       of the entire record, the disputed evidence that a reasonable factfinder
       could not have credited in favor of the finding is so significant that a
       factfinder could not reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction,
       then the evidence is factually insufficient.

Id. (citing In re C.H., 96 S.W.3d at 25). However, our review “must not be so rigorous

that the only fact findings that could withstand review are those established beyond a

reasonable doubt.” In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 26.

                                     III. STATUTORY GROUNDS

       A. Applicable Law

       Section 161.001(1)(O) of the Texas Family Code provides that a court may

terminate the parent-child relationship if the parent:

       failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically
       established the actions necessary for the parent to obtain the return of the
       child who has been in the permanent or temporary managing
       conservatorship of the Department of Family and Protective Services for
       not less than nine months as a result of the child's removal from the parent
       under Chapter 262 for the abuse or neglect of the child

TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(O).

       “The Family Code does not provide for substantial compliance with a family

services plan.” In re M.C.G., 329 S.W.3d 674, 676 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]

2010, pet. denied) (supp. op.).       Section 161.001(1)(O) “does not encompass an

evaluation of a parent’s partial achievement of plan requirements to determine whether

or not the parent failed to comply with the plan.” In re J.S., 291 S.W.3d 60, 67 (Tex.

App.—Eastland 2009, no pet.); In re T.N.F., 205 S.W.3d 625, 631 (Tex. App.—Waco

2006, pet. denied) (observing that “the statute itself does not make a provision for

excuses”), overruled in part on other grounds, In re A.M., 385 S.W.3d 74, 78 (Tex.



                                             11
App.—Waco 2012, pet. denied). We consider any excuses for failing to comply with a

provision of a family service plan under the best interests analysis. In re M.C.G., 329

S.W.3d at 675; see In re T.N.F., 205 S.W.3d at 631.

        B. Analysis

        There is no dispute that the children had been in the temporary managing

conservatorship of the Department for more than nine months following their removal on

the basis of chapter 262 of the family code. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(O).

There is similarly no dispute that the trial court signed an order on February 15, 2012

(for the three older children) and December 12, 2012 (for D.M.) in which it ordered

appellant to comply with the Family Service Plans drawn up by the Department as a

condition for the return of the children. The plan required appellant to, among other

things: (1) attend and complete individual counseling; (2) maintain safe and proper

housing for herself and her children; (3) complete a psychosocial evaluation; (4)

participate in a mental health screening offered by MHMR; (5) not abuse drugs or

alcohol; and (6) attend and complete parenting classes. 8

        Appellant argues that she has more than “substantially complied” with the service

plan, but she also admits in her brief that she tested positive for methamphetamines

four times after L.C., M.C., and J.E.S. were removed from her care. She further admits

that she took Ritalin without a prescription for two months during her pregnancy with

D.M. and tested positive for methamphetamines three times after his birth. Appellant

did not argue or produce any evidence that any of these drugs had been prescribed for

her by a physician. Because appellant’s argument does not raise a fact issue regarding


        8
           The family service plan that the Department drew up for D.M. was substantively identical to the
plan for the three older children.

                                                   12
whether she complied with the provision of the family service plans requiring her to

refrain from using drugs, we conclude that the evidence is legally and factually sufficient

to support a reasonable trier of fact’s firm belief that appellant failed to comply with her

court-ordered service plans. See In re M.C.G., 329 S.W.3d at 676; In re J.S., 291

S.W.3d at 67; In re T.N.F., 205 S.W.3d at 631; see also In re J.J.D., No. 13-11-00388-

CV, 2012 WL 2361796, at *3 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi June 21, 2012, no pet.) (mem.

op.) (upholding order terminating parental rights of a mother for failing to comply with a

service plan by exhibiting a similar pattern of cocaine use).

       We overrule appellant’s first issue. Because the State need only prove one of

the statutory grounds for termination, we will not address the other grounds alleged in

the trial court. See In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 23; see also TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1.

                                       IV. BEST INTERESTS

              A. Applicable Law

       In addition to a statutory act or omission, the State must also prove that

terminating appellant’s parental rights is in the best interests of the children. TEX. FAM.

CODE ANN. § 161.001(2). We indulge “a strong presumption that the best interest of a

child is served by keeping the child with a parent.” In re R.R., 209 S.W.3d 112, 116

(Tex. 2006) (per curiam). It is the Department’s burden to rebut that presumption by

clear and convincing evidence.      In re C.M.C., 273 S.W.3d 862, 876 (Tex. App.—

Houston [14th Dist.] 2008, no pet.) (op. on reh’g).

       The Texas Supreme Court has announced a list of factors to guide courts in

conducting a best interests determination:

       (1) the desires of the child; (2) the present and future physical and
       emotional needs of the child; (3) the present and future emotional and

                                             13
       physical danger to the child; (4) the parental abilities of the persons
       seeking custody; (5) the programs available to assist those persons
       seeking custody in promoting the best interest of the child; (6) the plans
       for the child by the individuals or agency seeking custody; (7) the stability
       of the home or proposed placement; (8) acts or omissions of the parent
       which may indicate the existing parent-child relationship is not appropriate;
       and (9) any excuse for the parent's acts or omissions.

See Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371–72 (Tex. 1976). This list is not exhaustive,

and evidence for all of these considerations is not necessary to form sufficient evidence

to support a best interests findings. See In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 27. “Undisputed

evidence of just one factor may be sufficient to support a finding that termination is in

the best interest of a child.” M.C. v. Tex. Dep’t of Family and Protective Servs., 300

S.W.3d 305, 311 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2009, pet. denied). Although proof of a statutory

violation under section 161.001(1) “does not relieve the petitioner from proving the best

interests of the child, the same evidence may be probative of both issues.” In re C.H.,

89 S.W.3d at 28.

             B. Analysis

       There are a number of considerations that, when taken together, support the trial

court’s firm belief or conviction that termination is in the best interests of all four

children.

       During the pendency of this case appellant was frequently unable to maintain a

stable residence. See In re T.D.C., 91 S.W.3d 865, 873 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2002,

pet. denied) (“The goal of establishing a stable permanent home for a child is a

compelling state interest.”). Several of those moves were either to avoid J.S. or into the

hospital for treatment after her suicide attempt, which we do not fault her for. However,

appellant also made it difficult for the Department to locate her and, on one occasion, to



                                            14
locate the children. In February of 2012, less than a month after the children were

placed in a home with appellant’s approval, M.M. and appellant abruptly appeared at

the placement residence and picked up the children from the residence “without any

clothing or supplies” and according to people nearby, appellant “stated they [were]

leaving and not returning home.” In March of the same year, appellant abruptly moved

from one town to another and did not inform the Department for at least ninety days,

even though she was aware that her rights over her children were in danger of being

permanently terminated. See In re A.C., 394 S.W.3d at 643 (holding that the fact that

the mother took a child out of state immediately after birth making it “difficult for the

Department to locate her and provide services” weighed against the mother in the best

interests analysis).

       In spite of her frequent residence changes, appellant did manage to maintain a

stable residence for several months in the period leading up to the termination hearing.

However, by the time of the termination hearing, appellant had been incarcerated for a

little over a month. Appellant stated that she thought she would be released the week

after the hearing, but the record is unclear as to whether she was actually released or if

the charges are still pending. While we do not know the result of appellant’s case,

incarceration at the time of trial is relevant in determining whether a parent is capable of

meeting the present and future needs of the child and capable of providing a stable

home. See Latham v. Tex. Dep’t of Family and Protective Servs., 177 S.W.3d 341,

349–50 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2005, no pet.); In re M.D.S., 1 S.W.3d 190, 200

(Tex. App.—Amarillo 1999, no pet.).




                                            15
       Furthermore, appellant’s admitted use of methamphetamines and amphetamines

that had not been prescribed to her in violation of her family service plans are probative

of the best interest analysis. See In re M.R., 243 S.W.3d 807, 821 (Tex. App.—Fort

Worth 2007, no pet.) (“A parent’s drug use, inability to provide a stable home, and

failure to comply with a family service plan support finding that termination is in the best

interest of the child.”). Parental drug use during pregnancy and after the removal of the

children weighs against the parent in the best interests analysis. Robinson v. Tex. Dep’t

of Protective and Reg. Servs., 89 S.W.3d 679, 688 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]

2002, no pet.).      This is especially true if a parent continues to use drugs after

completing a substance abuse treatment program.                   See id. (“Here, appellant's

[substance abuse] counseling has not altered her behavior. Appellant admitted to illegal

drug activity as recently as four months before trial, in violation of her community

supervision and the Plan.”); see also In re B.S.G., No. 04-09-00231-CV, 2009 WL

2413700, at *2 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Aug. 5, 2009, no pet.) (mem. op.) (holding that

the fact that appellant tested positive for drugs five times during the pendency of the

case even after entering a substance abuse program weighed against the appellant in

the best interests analysis).

       Appellant responds by arguing that terminating her rights would not be in the best

interests of the children because she has successfully turned her life around and we are

to presume that it is in the best interests of the children to remain with their natural

parents. 9 See In re R.R., 209 S.W.3d at 116. She asserts that she “proved that she

could provide income to provide for her children’s needs by her employment with the


       9
        There was no evidence in the record of the childrens’ desires except for testimony that they
were happy to see their mother during visits and were sad when she left.

                                                16
furniture re-sale business, and by securing a suitable home for them.” We agree that

appellant made strides after she left the hospital by securing employment and

maintaining a residence in one location for a period of several months, but she also

continued to test positive for drugs even during this time. Appellant was incarcerated at

the time of the trial, which makes uncertain her future ability to care for the children.

Even if we were to assume that appellant’s turnaround is permanent, “evidence of a

recent turn-around in behavior by the parent does not totally offset evidence of a pattern

of instability and harmful behavior in the past.” Smith v. Tex. Dep’t of Protective and

Reg. Servs., 216 S.W.3d 673, 682 (Tex. App.—Austin 2005, no pet.). Appellant has a

long history of drug use, mental illness, and abusive relationships, and the trial judge,

acting as the factfinder, could fairly conclude that this past history overrode the gains

appellant recently made. See In re M.G.D., 108 S.W.3d 508, 514–15 (Tex. App.—

Houston [14th Dist.] 2003, pet. denied) (concluding that the evidence was sufficient to

support a finding that termination was in the best interests of the child in light of the

mother’s long history of drug addiction and abusive relationships, even though the

mother had recently obtained a “good job” and broken away from an abusive boyfriend).

       The theme underlying appellant’s argument to this Court is that “[g]iven her

mental disabilities . . . she did the best she could with what she had.” In her life up until

this point, appellant has contended with a combination of mental illness, drug addiction,

domestic violence, and reduced financial circumstances that would more than tax the

capabilities of most people. We acknowledge her struggles and the successes that she

has enjoyed, but we cannot ignore her past history. In sum, after a thorough review of

the record, we conclude that there is evidence that the present and future needs of the



                                             17
children, the programs available to assist the parent, the stability of appellant’s home,

and the acts or omissions that indicate the parental relationship is improper, all weigh in

favor of termination.   We conclude that the evidence is both legally and factually

sufficient to support a reasonable factfinder’s firm belief or conviction that terminating

appellant’s parental rights is in the best interests of the four children. We overrule

appellant’s second issue.

                                         V. CONCLUSION

       We affirm the judgments of the trial court.



                                                 _______________________
                                                 NORA L. LONGORIA
                                                 Justice

Delivered and filed the
19th day of December, 2013.




                                            18
