Opinion issued March 6, 2018




                                    In The

                             Court of Appeals
                                   For The

                         First District of Texas
                           ————————————
                             NO. 01-17-00204-CV
                          ———————————
                     MARIBEL WOODARD, Appellant
                                      V.
 MCDONALDS’ CORPORATION AND HK MANAGEMENT, INC. D/B/A
         MCDONALD RESTAURANT #07097, Appellees


                   On Appeal from the 269th District Court
                            Harris County, Texas
                      Trial Court Case No. 2013-58383


                         MEMORANDUM OPINION

      Maribel Woodard sued McDonalds’ Corporation and HK Management, Inc.

d/b/a McDonald Restaurant #07097 for premises liability. The jury found no fault

by Woodard or HK Management. In three issues on appeal, Woodard argues the
trial court abused its discretion by failing to include McDonalds’ Corporation in the

jury charge.

       We affirm.

                                      Background

       Woodard fell on a wheelchair ramp outside of a McDonald’s restaurant owned

and operated by HK Management on December 4, 2011. She filed suit against

McDonalds’ Corporation and HK Management on September 30, 2013. The case

went to trial.

       The trial court prepared the jury charge. The charge asked the jury whether

the negligence of HK Management or Woodard proximately caused Woodard’s

injury. McDonald’s Corporation was not included in any of the questions and was

not mentioned in the instructions. During the charge conference, the following

exchange occurred:

       The Court: . . . . So, with that . . . what says plaintiff to the charge?

       [Plaintiff’s attorney]: I have no objections to the charge.

       THE COURT: All right. . . .

       [Defendants’ attorney]: I’m sorry. I missed that.

       THE COURT: He said he had no objections.

       [Plaintiff’s attorney]: I have no objections.

       [Defendants’ attorney]: You have no objections?

       [Plaintiff’s attorney]: No.
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      The jury returned the verdict, answering that neither the negligence of HK

Management or Woodard proximately caused Woodard’s injury.

                                      Analysis

      In three issues, Woodard argues that the trial court abused its discretion by

failing to include McDonalds’ Corporation in the jury charge. The record shows,

however, that Woodard waived any errors in the charge.

      Failure to timely object to error in a jury charge constitutes a waiver of that

error. TEX. R. CIV. P. 272. “Any complaint as to a question, definition, or

instruction, on account of any defect, omission, or fault in pleading, is waived unless

specifically included in the objections.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 274; see Burbage v.

Burbage, 447 S.W.3d 249, 255–58 (Tex. 2014) (holding party waives any objection

to jury charge by failing to raise specific objection to proposed submission); Hamid

v. Lexus, 369 S.W.3d 291, 296 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, no pet.)

(same). Moreover, when a party represents to the trial court that she has no objection

to the charge, any error is waived. See Casteel-Diebolt v. Diebolt, 912 S.W.2d 302,

304 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1995, no writ) (holding party asserting it has

no objection to charge is estopped from raising complaint about charge on appeal).

Because she asserted that she had no objection to the jury charge, Woodard waived

her right to complain about the charge on appeal.




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      In her brief, Woodard intimates that the trial court was required to sua sponte

include McDonalds’ Corporation in the charge independent of her objections. For

support, Woodard relies on rules 277 and 278 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure

and section 33.003 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. See TEX. R. CIV.

P. 277, 278; TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 33.003 (West 2015).

      Rule 277 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure requires the trial court to

submit questions in broad form whenever feasible and to submit instructions and

definitions necessary to enable the jury to render a verdict. TEX. R. CIV. P. 277. Rule

278 provides, “The court shall submit the questions, instructions and definitions in

the form provided by Rule 277, which are raised by the written pleadings and the

evidence.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 278. Even so, the rules also expressly provide that failure

to object to the charge waives any error that may exist. TEX. R. CIV. P. 272. A

plaintiff waives any complaint by failing to object even if an entire theory of

recovery is missing from the charge. Ramos v. Frito-Lay, Inc., 784 S.W.2d 667, 668

(Tex. 1990).

      Section 33.003 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code requires a jury

to apportion responsibility between the parties for torts.       CIV. PRAC. & REM.

§ 33.003(a). It does not alter the responsibility of the parties to object to errors or

omissions in the charge. See Osterberg v. Peca, 12 S.W.3d 31, 55 (Tex. 2000)




                                          4
(holding, if there is discrepancy between applicable law and jury charge, jury charge

controls when no objection has been made).

      We overrule Appellant’s three issues.

                                    Conclusion

      We affirm the judgment of the trial court.




                                              Laura Carter Higley
                                              Justice

Panel consists of Justices Jennings, Keyes, and Higley.




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