                                 NOT FOR PUBLICATION                      FILED
                        UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                     JUN 10 2020
                                                                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                        U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                                 FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

In re: LENORE L. ALBERT-SHERIDAN,                  No.   19-60023

                   Debtor,                         BAP No. 18-1222

------------------------------
                                                   MEMORANDUM*
LENORE L. ALBERT-SHERIDAN, DBA
Law Offices of Lenore Albert,

                   Appellant,

  v.

STATE BAR OF CALIFORNIA; et al.,

                   Appellees.

                              Appeal from the Ninth Circuit
                               Bankruptcy Appellate Panel
             Lafferty III, Spraker, and Faris, Bankruptcy Judges, Presiding

                                 Submitted March 30, 2020**
                                    Pasadena, California

Before: PAEZ, CALLAHAN, and BUMATAY, Circuit Judges.



       *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
       **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
      Debtor Lenore L. Albert-Sheridan appeals the dismissal of her complaint

against the State Bar of California and its employees, alleging violations of the

Bankruptcy Code and other federal and state laws. We have jurisdiction under 28

U.S.C. § 158(d)(1) and review the dismissal de novo. In re Turner, 859 F.3d 1145,

1148 (9th Cir. 2017). In a separate opinion, we review Albert’s claims under 11

U.S.C. §§ 523(a)(7) and 525(a) and affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand. In

this memorandum, we affirm the dismissal of Albert’s remaining claims.

      1.    Under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must allege: (1) the violation of a

right secured by the Constitution and laws of the United States, and (2) that the

violation was committed by a person acting under color of state law. Naffe v. Frey,

789 F.3d 1030, 1035–36 (9th Cir. 2015). Albert asserts that State Bar employees

violated her First, Fourth, Fifth, and Fourteenth Amendment rights. Federal courts

generally abstain from interfering with state bar proceedings given States’

“extensive control over the professional conduct of attorneys.” Middlesex Cty.

Ethics Comm. v. Garden State Bar Ass’n, 457 U.S. 423, 434 (1982). Albert has not

alleged any reason to depart from this general view. Her allegations are predicated

on a mistaken belief that the State Bar impermissibly suspended her law license due

to a dischargeable debt. Under California law, the State Bar and its employees may

condition the reinstatement of Albert’s law license on payment of those costs. Cal.

Bus. & Prof. Code § 6140.7. As we explain in our opinion, bankruptcy does not


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disturb the State Bar’s authority since costs for attorney disciplinary proceedings

may not be discharged under 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(7). In re Albert-Sheridan, No. 19-

60023, slip op. at __ (9th Cir. June __, 2020). Because the debt to the State Bar is

non-dischargeable, her claim must fail. We therefore affirm the dismissal of her

§ 1983 claim.1

      2.     Albert’s constitutional challenges to California Business and

Professions Code §§ 6086.10, 6103, and 6047 are equally without merit. Albert

principally reiterates the same allegations as her § 1983 claim.   She also adds that

the California statutes as applied to her violate 11 U.S.C. § 525(a), which prohibits

a governmental unit from discriminating against a debtor “solely” because of a

dischargeable debt. For the reasons stated above, we affirm. Albert’s obligation to

pay the State Bar for its disciplinary proceedings is not dischargeable; accordingly,

the suspension of her license due to this debt does not violate § 525(a) or any other

federal law alleged in the complaint. See Albert-Sheridan, No. 19-60023, slip op. at

__.



      1
         Albert asserts for the first time in her opening brief that the State Bar’s
actions also violate the Eighth Amendment’s Excessive Fines Clause. As Albert did
not raise that theory in the bankruptcy proceedings below, we do not consider it now.
See Singleton v. Wulff, 428 U.S. 106, 120 (1976) (“It is the general rule . . . that a
federal appellate court does not consider an issue not passed upon below.”); In re
Mortg. Store, Inc., 773 F.3d 990, 998 (9th Cir. 2014) (“A litigant may waive an issue
by failing to raise it in a bankruptcy court.”).


                                          3
      3.     The federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, 15 U.S.C.

§§ 1692–1692p, and California’s Rosenthal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, Cal.

Civ. Code § 1788 et seq., protect consumers from abusive, unfair, or deceptive

practices by debt collection agencies. The bankruptcy appellate panel dismissed

Albert’s claims under both statutes, reasoning that the State Bar is not a “debt

collector” under either law. In re Albert-Sheridan, 2019 WL 1594012, at *9–10

(B.A.P. 9th Cir. Apr. 11, 2019) (“Attorney disciplinary proceedings are not designed

or intended to be debt collection mechanisms for private parties, even where

attorneys are ordered to pay money.”). In response, Albert argues that the State

Bar’s annual operating fund is significantly funded by the collection of attorney

disciplinary costs. Even if true, it would not save her claim since Albert fails to

assert how the State Bar violated either statute in her opening brief. “We cannot

manufacture arguments for an appellant and therefore we will not consider any

claims that were not actually argued in appellant’s opening brief.” Indep. Towers of

Wash. v. Washington, 350 F.3d 925, 929 (9th Cir. 2003) (simplified). We thus affirm

the dismissal of this claim.

      4.     Finally, Albert requests that we grant her leave to amend her complaint.

It does not appear, however, that Albert sought leave in the bankruptcy proceedings

below. We decline to address a request Albert raises for the first time on appeal.

See Reyn’s Pasta Bella, LLC v. Visa USA, Inc., 442 F.3d 741, 749 (9th Cir. 2006)


                                         4
(“[W]e generally will not remand with instructions to grant leave to amend unless

the plaintiff sought leave to amend below.”).

      AFFIRMED.




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