MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any                       Mar 03 2017, 6:39 am
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral                              CLERK
                                                                 Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                    Court of Appeals
estoppel, or the law of the case.                                     and Tax Court




ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Sean G. Thomasson
Thomasson, Thomasson, Long &
Guthrie, P.C.
Columbus, Indiana



                                          IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Michael Trimnell,                                       March 3, 2017
Appellant-Petitioner,                                   Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                        36A04-1610-DR-2362
        v.                                              Appeal from the Jackson Superior
                                                        Court
Teri Trimnell,                                          The Honorable Bruce A.
Appellee-Respondent.                                    MacTavish, Judge
                                                        Trial Court Cause No.
                                                        36D02-1110-DR-382



Bailey, Judge.




Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A04-1610-DR-2362 | March 3, 2017     Page 1 of 9
                                              Case Summary
[1]   Michael Trimnell (“Father”) appeals the trial court’s order requiring him to pay

      educational costs for his daughter, B.T. (“Child”).


[2]   We affirm.



                                                        Issues
[3]   Father raises three issues for our review, which we restate as the following two

      issues:

                   I.     Whether the trial court erred when it concluded that Child
                          had not repudiated Father, and


                  II.     Whether the trial court erred when it admitted hearsay
                          evidence.


                               Facts and Procedural History
[4]   Father and Teri Trimnell (“Mother”) were married, and the union produced

      two children—Child, and child’s older brother M.T.1 At the time of the instant

      proceedings, Child was twenty years of age.


[5]   On August 1, 2016, Mother filed a petition with the trial court to modify

      support, seeking an order that Father be required to contribute to Child’s




      1
          At the time of the instant proceedings, M.T. was twenty-four years of age and emancipated.


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A04-1610-DR-2362 | March 3, 2017             Page 2 of 9
      college education expenses. An evidentiary hearing on the petition was

      conducted on September 22, 2016. During the hearing, Mother and Father

      presented evidence and argument concerning Child’s education and whether

      Child had repudiated Father. Father objected at one point to testimony from

      Mother that he characterized as hearsay.


[6]   On October 6, 2016, the trial court entered an order granting Mother’s petition

      for educational support. The court found that Father had not proved

      repudiation as to Child. The court then ordered that Father, Mother, and Child

      each cover one-third of Child’s educational expenses; that Father was not

      obligated to pay for any educational expenses incurred prior to the August 1,

      2016 petition; that Child was required to maintain a “C” average in her studies

      in order to retain educational support; and that Father provide health insurance

      coverage for Child while she continued her undergraduate education, but that

      Child would be responsible for paying for uninsured medical expenses.


[7]   This appeal ensued.



                                Discussion and Decision
                                       Standard of Review
[8]   Father contends that the trial court erred in ordering him to pay educational

      and healthcare expenses for Child. We generally review such decisions for an

      abuse of discretion, which occurs if the trial court’s decision is against the logic

      and effect of the facts and circumstances before it or if the court has

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A04-1610-DR-2362 | March 3, 2017   Page 3 of 9
       misinterpreted the law. Lovold v. Ellis, 988 N.E.2d 1144, 1149-50 (Ind. Ct. App.

       2013). Father also argues that the trial court erred in admitting evidence; this,

       too, is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. Bradford v. State, 960 N.E.2d 871,

       874 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012).


[9]    Mother did not submit an appellee’s brief in this appeal. In such cases, “we

       need not undertake the burden of developing an argument for the appellee”

       and, “[a]pplying a less stringent standard of review, we may reverse the trial

       court if the appellant can establish prima facie error.” Kladis v. Nick’s Patio, Inc.,

       735 N.E.2d 1216, 1219 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000). “However, we may in our

       discretion decide the case on the merits.” Id. We choose to do so here.


                                               Repudiation
[10]   We turn to Father’s first contention on appeal, namely, that the trial court’s

       conclusion that Father failed to establish repudiation was in error. A child

       support or educational support order may include provision for payment of

       expenses associated with postsecondary education. Ind. Code § 31-16-6-2(a)(1).

       The duty to provide support for educational needs may persist beyond the point

       when a child reaches nineteen years of age. I.C. § 31-16-6-6(a).


[11]   There is no absolute legal duty for such support, however. Kahn v. Baker, 36

       N.E.3d 1103, 1113 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015), trans. denied. “A child’s repudiation of

       a parent—that is a complete refusal to participate in a relationship with a

       parent—may obviate a parent’s obligation to pay certain expenses, including

       college expenses.” Id. Whether repudiation has occurred is a fact-sensitive

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A04-1610-DR-2362 | March 3, 2017   Page 4 of 9
       inquiry. Id. We do not reweigh evidence in such cases, and generally the

       appellant must establish that the trial court’s findings were clearly erroneous.

       Id.


[12]   Father contends that the trial court erred because twenty-year-old B.T.’s

       “repudiation of her Father started to occur when she was fourteen (14) years of

       age and continues to this day.” (Appellant’s Br. at 10.) Father’s argument goes

       on to cite evidence from the record concerning his having not been notified of

       birthday parties, high school graduation, and B.T.’s college plans, and Father

       argues that B.T. actively avoided Father by “de-friending” him on social media.

       (Appellant’s Br. at 10.) Father also notes that he and Mother had never

       discussed college plans, and states that he did not know B.T. was attending

       college until Mother filed her petition to modify child support. Father argues

       that B.T. and Mother believe “that Father should demonstrate his love” by

       paying for college (Appellant’s Br. at 11), and that they should not be rewarded

       for treating Father badly.


[13]   This argument amounts to a request that we reweigh evidence, which we will

       not do. The evidence that favors the trial court’s order indicates that Father

       initiated the rift between himself and B.T. During Mother’s testimony, in

       response to the question, “He [Father] is the one that quit talking to them [B.T.

       and her older brother]?,” Mother answered, “Yes, sir.” (Tr. at 15.) Mother

       testified that Father had not sent Christmas or birthday cards to B.T. and had

       not called B.T. on her birthday for more than five years. Mother further

       testified that Child wanted to continue to see Father, but that Father had

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A04-1610-DR-2362 | March 3, 2017   Page 5 of 9
       “blocked us all” (Tr. at 24), meaning that Mother’s understanding was that

       Father had prevented Mother’s and B.T.’s phone calls from reaching his phone.

       Moreover, Father testified that communication with B.T. “slowly … just

       dwindled” after B.T.’s birthday in 2010, but that B.T. had initiated efforts to

       send him text messages “a couple of times on Father’s Day.” (Tr. at 36.)


[14]   The evidence is not without conflict. Nevertheless, our review of the evidence

       does not indicate that the trial court’s decision that repudiation had not been

       proven—that is, that B.T. had not made “a complete refusal to participate in a

       relationship with parent,” Kahn, 36 N.E.3d at 1113—was clearly erroneous.

       We accordingly find no error on this point.2


                                        Admission of Evidence
[15]   We turn next to Father’s contention that the trial court impermissibly admitted

       hearsay evidence and that this error warrants reversal of the support order.


[16]   Our rules of evidence define hearsay as “a statement that: (1) is not made by the

       declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing; and (2) is offered in evidence to

       prove the truth of the matter asserted.” Ind. Evidence Rule 801(c). Hearsay is

       inadmissible “unless [the Rules of Evidence] or other law provides otherwise.”

       Evid. R. 802.




       2
         Because we find no error in the order of educational support, we do not address Father’s request that the
       health insurance portion of the order be vacated, as his request for relief on that point was premised upon our
       reversal of the order for payment of a portion of B.T.’s tuition and living expenses.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A04-1610-DR-2362 | March 3, 2017                Page 6 of 9
[17]   During the hearing in the trial court, the following exchange occurred:


               [Mother’s Counsel]: Was she [B.T.] told she wasn’t invited, and
               wasn’t wanted there?


               [Mother]: That’s what she told me, she said when she got out of
               the car—


               [Father’s Counsel]: Objection hearsay.


               [Mother]: He looked at her and—


               [Father’s Counsel]: Objection ma’am.


               [Mother’s Counsel]: Okay, let me rephrase the question—


               [Court]: Excuse me I am going to let her say what the statement
               was made, and I am going to determine whether the fact the
               statement was made was relevant, or not relevant so you can ask
               what statement was made.


       (Tr. at 27-28.) After the court’s statement, Mother’s counsel asked Mother,

       “What statement was made?” Mother then said, “[B.T.] said when she got out

       the car [at Father’s location] her dad looked at her and said what are you doing

       here you were not invited.” (Tr. at 28.)


[18]   Father’s counsel did not renew an objection at this point, and direct

       examination of Mother continued. Mother testified that B.T. spent time with

       Father that day, and, in response to counsel’s inquiry, “What kind?,” Mother

       responded, “She [B.T.] said that that he [Father] put in her [sic] in truck and

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A04-1610-DR-2362 | March 3, 2017   Page 7 of 9
       drove around for an hour and pretty much told her what a piece of cr*p she

       was, and that she was never going to amount to anything.” (Tr. at 28.) Mother

       then testified that this was B.T.’s last contact with Father. Again, Father raised

       no objection to the questions or Mother’s answers. During testimony later in

       the hearing, Father acknowledged that B.T. came to visit him and that they

       drove in his truck on the day in question, but he denied insulting B.T.


[19]   To the extent Father failed to renew any objection after Mother responded to

       the initial question concerning what B.T. said, and to the extent Father failed to

       raise any objection to subsequent questioning on these lines, we conclude that

       Father has waived this matter for purposes of appeal. See Lehman v. State, 926

       N.E.2d 35, 38 (noting that a contemporaneous objection is required to preserve

       an issue on appeal), trans. denied. Further, trial judges are “presumed to know

       the intricacies of the rules of evidence and to consider the evidence in that light,

       ignoring the extraneous, incompetent, and irrelevant,” and thus the harm from

       evidentiary error is lessened if not totally annulled when a case is tried without

       a jury. Leisure v. Wheeler, 828 N.E.2d 409, 417 n.3 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005)

       (citations and quotation marks omitted). The trial court’s order reveals no

       suggestion that, in reaching its decisions on educational support and

       repudiation, the court relied upon the statements Father identifies as

       inadmissible. We accordingly find no error in the admission of Mother’s

       statements.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A04-1610-DR-2362 | March 3, 2017   Page 8 of 9
                                               Conclusion
[20]   The trial court did not err when it found that Father failed to prove repudiation.

       There was no error in the admission of evidence.


[21]   Affirmed.


       Najam, J., and May, J., concur.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 36A04-1610-DR-2362 | March 3, 2017   Page 9 of 9
