                     IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                      No. 14-0745
                                 Filed March 11, 2015


STATE OF IOWA,
     Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

REBECCA ELLEN MOREDOCK,
     Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________


       Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Karen A. Romano

(plea), Christopher L. McDonald (sentencing), and Scott D. Rosenberg

(restitution), Judges.



       Rebecca Moredock challenges the restitution order entered following her

plea of guilty to dependent adult abuse. AFFIRMED.



       Mark C. Smith, State Appellate Defender, and Theresa R. Wilson,

Assistant Appellate Defender, for appellant.

       Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorney

General, John P. Sarcone, County Attorney, and Celene Gogerty, Assistant

County Attorney, for appellee.



       Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Potterfield and Bower, JJ. McDonald,

J., takes no part.
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POTTERFIELD, J.

         Rebecca Moredock challenges the restitution order entered following her

plea of guilty to dependent adult abuse. The restitution amount set by the district

court in this case has a reasonable basis in the evidence and is neither

speculative nor imaginary. We affirm.

I. Background Facts.

         In March 2012, Moredock was charged in a five-count trial information with

theft in the first degree, dependent adult abuse, tampering with records, and two

counts of forgery. She entered a guilty plea to the charge of dependent adult

abuse. As part of the plea agreement, the State agreed to dismiss the other

counts and recommend a suspended sentence (so long as no new charges or

violations arose in the interim), and Moredock agreed to be held responsible for

the full amount of restitution, including those related to the dismissed charges.

         At the November 12, 2012 plea proceeding, Moredock admitted that in

December 2011 she withdrew more than $100 from her uncle’s account and

placed the money into her personal account without his consent.1                She

acknowledged she took unfair advantage of him and he was later deemed a

dependent adult. She described herself as her uncle’s caretaker, who helped

him with finances, and explained she removed funds from his joint account for his

care and placed them in an account to which he did not have access. She

acknowledged using his money to pay for a personal cruise and for her criminal

defense.



1
    The amount withdrawn was $50,000.
                                           3


         Jessman Smith, an attorney for the guardianship and conservatorship of

the uncle,2 submitted a victim impact statement.         Mr. Smith appeared at the

sentencing hearing3 and testified that Moredock’s actions since pleading guilty

had “reached an unprecedented level of obstructionism in the probate court,” and

requested the court impose a sentence which would include thirty days in jail “not

only for what Ms. Moredock has done but what she’s forced the victim’s

attorneys’ to do to recover from that and what they fear she will continue to do if

she is not jailed for a brief period of time.” Pursuant to the plea agreement, the

sentencing court ordered Moredock to pay restitution on the dismissed charges,

which would be determined at a later date.

         The State filed a motion seeking restitution in the amount of $33,620.59,

which represented the funds taken from the victim’s bank account ($50,000), plus

incurred taxes and penalties ($6723.58), plus attorney’s fees incurred by the

conservatorship ($10,863.87), less recovered funds ($792.96 recovered directly

from a bank account in which Moredock had deposited a portion of the funds,

$12,500 Moredock had given to her criminal defense attorney recovered by court

order, and repayments made directly by Moredock in the amounts of $3,861.00,

$84.01, and $16,728.89).         Moredock contested the amount.           Following a

restitution hearing held on October 30 and November 20, 2013, the district court

entered a modified order of restitution in the amount of $31,576.98.

         Moredock filed a motion for expanded findings.         The restitution court

determined it had been “presented [with] sufficient evidence at the prior hearing


2
    The guardianship and conservatorship were opened in February 2012.
3
    The sentencing hearing was conducted on March 4 and April 22, 2013.
                                         4


through testimony and exhibits to show the amount of restitution ordered was

correct.”

       Moredock appeals. She contends the district court erred in calculating the

amount of restitution owed because she should have been credited for money

she spent on her uncle’s expenses and for donations consistent with her uncle’s

prior giving. She also maintains it was error to order her to pay the attorney fees

of the conservatorship.

II. Scope and Standard of Review.

       We review a restitution order for correction of errors at law.      State v.

Hagen, 840 N.W.2d 140, 144 (Iowa 2013). “In reviewing a restitution order ‘we

determine whether the court’s findings lack substantial evidentiary support, or

whether the court has not properly applied the law.’”        Id. (quoting State v.

Bonstetter, 637 N.W.2d 161, 165 (Iowa 2001)).

III. Discussion.

       Generally, when ordering restitution, a court must first identify the victim

entitled to restitution. Bonstetter, 637 N.W.2d at 165. A “victim,” for purposes of

Iowa Code chapter 910, is “a person who has suffered pecuniary damages as a

result of the offender’s criminal activities.” Iowa Code § 910.1(5) (2011). Here,

Moredock does not contest that her uncle’s conservatorship is a victim.

       “Pecuniary damages” are “all damages to the extent not paid by an

insurer, which a victim could recover against the offender in a civil action arising

out of the same facts or event.”      Id. § 910.1(3).   “There must be a causal

relationship between the damages the victim suffers and the conduct for which

the defendant is ultimately convicted.” Hagen, 840 N.W.2d at 147.
                                            5


        There is substantial evidence to support the restitution amount ordered.

The district court credited Moredock with additional amounts supported by the

evidence presented ($107.24 spent by Murdock to cure an overdraft in one of the

uncle’s bank accounts; $150 in payments for child care during times when

Moredock was caring for her uncle; $410, which the court determined was a

reasonable allowance paid to the uncle; $400 for physical care costs; and

$976.57, which was used to purchase items for her uncle).4 The district court as

fact finder was not required to accept Moredock’s assertion of additional credits.

See State v. Turner, 630 N.W.2d 601, 606 (Iowa 2001) (noting deference is owed

to the district court’s opportunity to assess the credibility of witnesses); State v.

Frake, 450 N.W.2d 817, 819 (Iowa 1990) (“When determining the credibility of

the testimony of witnesses, the trial court may consider . . . the witness’s interest

in the trial.”).

        As for the amount of attorney fees the probate court ordered Moredock to

pay to the conservatorship,5 the district court could reasonably determine those


4
  We note a twenty-cent discrepancy from its calculation; our calculation results in a sum
of $31,576.78.
5
  The State offered into evidence here, the court order entered in probate which states,
in part,
                 This matter comes on before the Court on an application for
         attorney’s fees under the provisions of section 633.112 Code of Iowa.
         Rebecca Moredock, the party against which the fees are sought, is
         essentially maintaining that for the attorney’s fees to be assessed under
         the provisions of Section 633.112, the initial possession must have been
         wrongful. That is not what Section 633.112 provides. The cited section
         provides a method for a fiduciary to recover the ward’s or decedent’s
         property from one having its possession, regardless of how possession
         was obtained, as long as there is no claim of right on the party holding the
         property. . . .
                 At the hearing held before this Court on January 29, 2013, Ms.
         Moredock made no claim of right but had refused and continued to refuse
         to turn over at least one fund which she had specifically been ordered to
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fees were causally connected to Moredock’s criminal conduct but were not

incurred by the State as costs of prosecuting the criminal acts. Cf. State v.

Knudsen, 746 N.W.2d 608, 610 (Iowa Ct. App. 2008) (“Damages that are a direct

result of the defendant’s criminal act must be distinguished from the expenses

associated with the prosecution of the defendant for the criminal act.”). The

conservatorship was entitled to be fully compensated, which included the

attorney fees ordered by the probate court. See State v. Hollinrake, 608 N.W.2d

806, 809 (Iowa Ct. App. 2000) (holding that the defendant’s “actions directly

caused the need for the independent audit” because “[a] reasonably foreseeable

consequence of defendant’s taking of money from the county was that the county

would need to conduct a thorough audit to be sure that it had uncovered all the

defendant’s defalcations”); see also Hagen, 840 N.W.2d at 155 (“The victim

deserves to be fully compensated for the injury by the actor who caused [the

damages].” (citations and internal quotation marks omitted)).              The record

includes the probate court’s order finding “the time expended and the charges

made were necessary and appropriate to recover the ward’s assets.”                  The




      release by the Court’s previous order. The “release” or act to “turn over”
      required her to sign a document which she refused to do until the January
      29 hearing when this Court threatened her with contempt if she failed to
      execute the required document. . . . Attorney’s fees in obtaining the
      turnover are, indeed, damages sustained by the conservatorship.
              No challenge was made by Ms. Moredock as to the fees
      requested based on the time spent by counsel. The file is replete with
      efforts to find out what Ms. Moredock was holding that belonged to the
      conservatorship and efforts to obtain its return. Mr. Smith stated that the
      document not signed until today had been presented to Ms. Moredock on
      October 18, 2012. All fees claimed as damages were incurred after that
      date. The Court concludes that the time expended and the charges made
      were necessary and appropriate to recover the ward’s assets.
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restitution amount set by the district court in this case has a reasonable basis in

the evidence and is neither speculative nor imaginary. We affirm.

      AFFIRMED.
