[Cite as Vassil v. Gross & Gross, L.L.C., 2013-Ohio-4190.]


                 Court of Appeals of Ohio
                                EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                   COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA


                               JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
                                        No. 99392


                               LAWRENCE W. VASSIL
                                                             PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT
                                                             CROSS-APPELLEE

                                                      vs.

                       GROSS & GROSS, L.L.C., ET AL.
                                                             DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES
                                                             CROSS-APPELLANTS



                                            JUDGMENT:
                                             AFFIRMED


                                      Civil Appeal from the
                             Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                                      Case No. CV-688844

        BEFORE: S. Gallagher, P.J., Kilbane, J., and E.T. Gallagher, J.

        RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: September 26, 2013
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT

Mark I. Wallach
Marquettes D. Robinson
Thacker Martinsek, L.P.A.
2330 One Cleveland Center
1375 East 9th Street
Cleveland, OH 44114


ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES

Timothy T. Brick
Julie L. Juergens
Jamie A. Price
Gallagher Sharp
Bulkley Building, 6th Floor
1501 Euclid Avenue
Cleveland, OH 44115
SEAN C. GALLAGHER, P.J.:

      {¶1} Appellant Lawrence Vassil appeals from a judgment in favor of appellees

Robert Gross and Gross & Gross, L.L.C., entered after a jury trial.               Appellees

cross-appealed.   For the following reasons, we affirm the decision of the trial court.

      {¶2} In Vassil v. Gross & Gross, L.L.C., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 94919,

2011-Ohio-1920, this court set out the factual background.

             On March 31, 2009, Vassil filed this complaint against [appellees]
      for legal malpractice in connection with the review of documents related to
      the sale of his industrial cleaning companies to State Industrial Products
      (“SIP”). Vassil alleged that in 2005, he owned the assets of Quality
      Cleansing Agents, Inc. (“Quality”) and ILMC, Inc. In late 2005, Hal
      Uhrman, owner and chairman of SIP, contacted Vassil about purchasing the
      assets of Quality and ILMC, as well as Burns Chemical Systems, Inc.
      (“Burns”), a company whose assets Vassil had the option to acquire. In
      2006, Vassil provided SIP with financial documents for the companies.
      Vassil further alleged that he purchased Burns while it was in foreclosure,
      and he created Clean All Systems, LLC (“Clean All”) from that company.
      Vassil subsequently agreed to sell the companies to SIP for $8 million
      dollars and become an employee of SIP.

             In March 2007, SIP and its counsel[, William Barnett,] prepared a
      draft of an Asset Purchase Agreement (“APA”) that set forth details of the
      purchases and indicated that the sellers had made certain financial
      statements that were “correct and complete” and were “in compliance with
      all federal, state, local and foreign statutes, regulations, ordinances and
      other provisions * * * concerning * * * pollution or protection of the
      environment[.]” SIP and its counsel also prepared a draft of an
      Employment Agreement that set forth the terms of Vassil’s employment
      with SIP and indicated, in a cross-default provision, that SIP could
      terminate Vassil “for cause” if he “violated any provision of this Agreement
      or the Asset Purchase Agreement.”
             Vassil hired Gross to represent him. Gross reviewed the drafts of
      the agreements. On March 22, 2007, Gross notified Vassil that he had
      some significant concerns and that he wanted to go over the draft with
      Vassil to determine what Vassil had specifically agreed to. Vassil and
      Gross subsequently discussed the matter over the telephone. Portions of
the agreements were changed. Gross raised additional concerns with
Vassil, but in mid-April 2007, Vassil stopped communicating with Gross,
and by April 17, 2007, SIP’s general counsel dealt only with Vassil.
Vassil executed the agreements on April 23, 2007, without Gross. Part of
the transaction closed on that date, and a second closing was scheduled to
occur on September 18, 2007.

       The final version of the APA contained Vassil’s warranties that
certain financial statements were “correct and complete,” and that the
companies were in compliance with pollution and environmental protection
laws. The final version of the Employment Agreement contained the
cross-default provision that stated that SIP could terminate Vassil “for
cause” if he “violated any provision of this Agreement or the Asset
Purchase Agreement.”

        In August 2007, SIP informed Vassil that it had learned of
inaccuracies in the warranties related to one of the companies and
maintained that he had breached the APA. SIP indicated that under the
cross-default provision, Vassil was subject to termination and it was entitled
to a reduction in the purchase price.

        On September 1, 2007, Vassil obtained new counsel, and on October
4, 2007, his new counsel entered into a “Standstill Agreement” with SIP
and also agreed that Vassil would be placed on paid leave. On November
30, 2007, SIP filed a claim for arbitration under the terms of the APA,
asserting that Vassil had breached representations and warranties set forth
in the APA. SIP also sought a declaratory judgment that “Vassil’s breach
of the [APA] constitutes cause for his termination.”

      On December 10, 2007, Vassil filed a response to the arbitration
claim and a counterclaim seeking a declaratory judgment that he did not
breach the APA and that any termination by SIP would be without cause.
He asserted that he had purchased one of the companies from a foreclosing
bank and told SIP that the company and its records were in disarray. The
second closing occurred as scheduled, but SIP placed $1,750,000 of the
purchase price into escrow pending the outcome of the arbitration.

       The arbitrator heard the matter in March 2008. On April 2, 2008,
the arbitrator concluded that “no evidence shows that Mr. Vassil or Clean
All intentionally provided incorrect data for the purpose of misleading
claimant’s officials.” The arbitrator determined, however, that “the
evidence shows that Acquisition is entitled to recover $196,562 for
       environmental cleanup and waste inventory disposal * * * and $4,670 for
       unpaid personal property taxes[.]” The arbitrator ruled that SIP was
       entitled to a $216,169 reduction in the purchase price, and that SIP could
       terminate Vassil “for cause” under the cross-default provision of the
       Employment Agreement. SIP terminated Vassil the following day.

Id. at  2-9.

       {¶3} Pertinent to the issues raised in this appeal, Vassil claimed that appellees

committed legal malpractice by failing to properly advise him about the consequences of

the cross-default clause or by failing to properly withdraw as his counsel prior to the

consummation of the APA and the employment agreement. Prior to the jury trial on that

issue, Vassil moved to preclude a portion of Mr. Barnett’s videotaped deposition

testimony. Mr. Barnett testified to being SIP’s legal counsel and “actively involved” in

both the APA and the employment deal with Vassil. Barnett prepared the employment

agreement.      Barnett further testified that he inserted the cross-default clause into Vassil’s

employment agreement because of the deletion of another clause that was meant to

protect SIP’s interests in the event Vassil breached the terms of the APA.                Vassil

objected to the following portion of Barnett’s testimony:

       Q: Once this cross default language was added to Mr. Vassil’s employment
       agreement was it non-negotiable?

       ***

       A: We wouldn’t have taken it out.

       Q: Okay. It was important that the cross default provision remain in the
       contract?

       A: Yes.
       Q: And as general counsel for [SIP] that was your call?

       A: Was it my call?    Probably.

The trial court overruled Vassil’s objection, and the jury rendered a general verdict in

favor of the appellees.

       {¶4} Vassil timely appeals the trial court’s evidentiary decision, raising as the sole

assignment of error:

       The trial court committed reversible error and abused its discretion when it
       overruled [Vassil’s] objections, thereby allowing the jury to hear prejudicial
       and speculative testimony that was beyond the witness’s personal
       knowledge.

We find no merit to Vassil’s assigned error.

       {¶5} Before addressing Vassil’s arguments, we note that appellees filed a

cross-appeal that advanced an assignment of error that provides the following:

       The trial court erred in denying [appellees’] oral motion for directed verdict
       on the grounds that [Vassil’s] expert witnesses did not offer their opinions
       to a reasonable degree of certainty as required by Ohio law.

In light of the fact that the jury rendered a general verdict in favor of appellees, our

resolution of Vassil’s assigned error, sustaining the judgment in favor of appellees, moots

the single issue raised in the cross-appeal.

       {¶6} Generally, the admission of evidence lies within the broad discretion of the

trial court. Beard v. Meridia Huron Hosp., 106 Ohio St.3d 237, 239, 2005-Ohio-4787,

834 N.E.2d 323. A reviewing court will uphold an evidentiary decision absent an abuse

of discretion.   Id. Further, even if an abuse of discretion is found, a judgment will not

be overturned unless the erroneous admission of that evidence has affected the substantial
rights of the adverse party or is inconsistent with substantial justice. Id. “Abuse of

discretion connotes more than an error of law or of judgment; it implies an unreasonable,

arbitrary or unconscionable attitude on the part of the court.” Landis v. Grange Mut.

Ins. Co., 82 Ohio St.3d 339, 342, 695 N.E.2d 1140, citing Pembaur v. Leis, 1 Ohio St.3d

89, 91, 437 N.E.2d 1199 (1982).        In the current case, we cannot say the trial court

abused its discretion in admitting Barnett’s testimony in the first place.

       {¶7} Vassil’s sole argument is that Barnett’s testimony about the importance of the

cross-default clause to SIP is entirely speculative because Barnett does not have first-hand

knowledge and is speculating that SIP would never remove the language. According to

Vassil, the trial court should have excluded that testimony pursuant to Evid.R. 602, which

states in pertinent part that “a witness may not testify to a matter unless evidence is

introduced sufficient to support a finding that the witness has personal knowledge of the

matter.”   If the statements were excluded, Vassil argues, the jury necessarily would have

found appellees negligent.    We disagree with Vassil’s characterization of the objected-to

statements.

       {¶8} Barnett’s testimony is not impermissibly speculating on future conduct; in

fact, he was not asked to answer the hypothetical question that invites a speculative

answer.    See Evanston Bank v. Brinks, Inc., 853 F.2d 512, 515 (7th Cir.1988). Instead,

he merely indicated the importance of the cross-default clause for SIP and, at the time he

included the clause in the draft employment agreement, it was non-negotiable according

to him.    Both are facts within Barnett’s personal knowledge as the drafter of the
employment agreement at the time the contract was written.             When the entirety of

Barnett’s testimony is read in conjunction with the allegedly objectionable questions, it is

apparent that he testified to the reasons for including the cross-default clause and the

sheer importance of it given the removal of another clause intended to protect SIP’s

interests in the event of a default by Vassil. Further, Barnett established his personal

knowledge of the events surrounding the drafting of the employment agreement, by

specifically indicating that he was responsible for drafting the employment agreement in

his role as adviser to SIP’s corporate officers.   That SIP’s corporate officers have final

authority to negotiate the terms of the deal between Vassil and SIP does not prevent

Barnett from having first-hand knowledge of the draft versions of the employment

agreement.

       {¶9} In short, although appellees attempted to draw an inference that the deal

would have failed based on Barnett’s statements, his statements themselves do not enter

that hypothetical realm and merely explain his experiences and intentions at the time he

drafted the employment agreement, which included the cross-default clause.           In this

context, we cannot say the trial court abused its discretion in permitting the admission of

Barnett’s statements. Vassil did not proffer a valid basis to preclude the admission of

those statements, and the trial court, therefore, did not err in admitting the evidence.   In

light of this, we need not delve into the issue of substantial prejudice nor the issue raised

in the cross-appeal.   Appellees’ cross-appeal is dismissed as moot.

       {¶10} The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
       It is ordered that appellees recover from appellant costs herein taxed.

       The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

       It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common

pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.

       A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of

the Rules of Appellate Procedure.



SEAN C. GALLAGHER, PRESIDING JUDGE

MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J., and
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR
