J-S12023-20 & J-S12024-20


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    IN RE: THE FIRM PROTECTION                 :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
    APPEAL OF: COMMONWEALTH OF                 :
    PENNSYLVANIA                               :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :
                                               :   No. 1262 EDA 2018

                    Appeal from the Order Dated April 3, 2018
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
                        No(s): CP-51-MD-0000249-2018



    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                       Appellant               :
                                               :
                                               :
                v.                             :
                                               :
                                               :
    JOSHUA H. NOLLIE                           :   No. 1279 EDA 2018
                                               :
                       Appellee                :

                      Appeal from the Order April 3, 2018
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
                       No(s): CP-51-MD-0000248-2018


BEFORE:      SHOGAN, J., McCAFFERY, J., and COLINS, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY McCAFFERY, J.:                               FILED MAY 15, 2020



____________________________________________


*   Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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        In these two appeals,1 the Commonwealth appeals from the orders

entered April 3, 2018, in the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas granting the

applications for a private detective’s license filed by Joshua H. Nollie 2 (Nollie)

and his business The Firm Protection (TFP).3 The Commonwealth contends

the trial court improperly granted the applications because Nollie and TFP did

not demonstrate Nollie had sufficient experience under the Private Detective

Act of 1953.4 For the reasons below, we reverse.

        The relevant facts underlying these appeals are as follows. On January

17, 2018, Nollie filed two petitions pursuant to the Private Detective Act: (1)

for a private detective license in his own name, and (2) for a private detective

agency license in the name of TFP. The trial court conducted a hearing on

March 19, 2018. At that time, the Commonwealth objected to the petitions

because Nollie failed to demonstrate he had the “three years minimum of

investigatory experience” required under the statute, and instead, Nollie’s

testimony was limited to his one and one-half years’ experience as a

correctional officer. N.T., 3/19/18, at 6. In response, Nollie explained that

he also worked as a “security supervisor” at a research lab for several years,
____________________________________________


1 We address these appeals together because they involve, essentially, the
same parties and the same issue.

2   Docket No. 1279 EDA 2019, for trial docket CP-51-MD-0000248-2018.

3 Docket No. 1262 EDA 2019, for trial docket CP-51-MD-0000249-2018.
Neither Nollie nor TFP has filed an appellee brief.

4   22 P.S. §§ 11-30.


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where   he   “conducted    security   investigations[.]”       Id.    at   7.    The

Commonwealth’s attorney stated:

      If [Nollie’s] willing to go back to those — the earlier employment
      and bring something from that firm saying he — these were what
      his duties were; that he went and investigated on this or that, I
      don’t think we would be having the objection that we do today.

Id. at 8. Nollie assured the court he could obtain an email from his former

employer later that day. Therefore, the trial court continued the hearing until

April 3rd so that the Commonwealth would have time to verify the

supplemental information to be provided by Nollie.             Id. at 13.       Nollie

subsequently provided a letter by his former employer.

      At the April 3, 2018, hearing, the trial court stated:

      I reviewed the letter for [] Nollie as related to the private
      investigator license for both him and his firm. And I am going to
      grant the licenses.

N.T., 4/3/18, at 4. The Commonwealth offered no further objection. That

same day, the court filed two certificates, one at each trial docket below,

granting a private detective license in each matter.                 Thereafter, the

Commonwealth filed timely notices of appeal at each docket, and complied

with the court’s directives to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of

errors complained of on appeal.

      The Commonwealth raises the same issue in both appeals:

      Did the lower court improperly grant applicant’s petition for a
      private detective’s license, where [Nollie] was not qualified for
      such a license because he did not demonstrate that he had
      sufficient experience required under the statute?



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Commonwealth’s Brief at 4.5

       The question on appeal involves statutory interpretation. Thus, we are

presented with a “pure question[ ] of law for which our scope of review is

plenary and standard of review is de novo.” Commonwealth v. Petrick, 217

A.3d 1217, 1224 (Pa. 2019).

       The Private Detective Act details the requirements necessary for a

person or corporation to obtain a private detective’s license.       “The district

attorneys of the various counties have the power to enforce the provisions of

[the A]ct.” 22 P.S. § 15(a). A person or corporation intending to conduct a

private detective business must apply for a license with the trial court in the

county where the principal office of the business will be located. 22 P.S. §§

13(a), 14. Pursuant to Section 14 of the Act, the license application must

include the following:

       (a) If the applicant is a person, the application shall be signed and
       verified by such person . . . . The application shall state the full
       name, age, residence, present and previous occupations, of [the
       applicant], that he is a citizen of the United States, and shall also
       specify the name of the city, borough, township, or incorporated
       town, stating the street and number if the premises have a street
       and number, and otherwise such apt description as will reasonably
       indicate the location thereof, where is to be located the principal
       place of business, . . . , and such further facts as may be required
       by the court of quarter sessions, to show the good character,
       competency and integrity of [the applicant]. [The applicant] shall,

____________________________________________


5 Because the briefs filed by the Commonwealth in these two appeals are
identical, with the exception of the name of the applicant, we will cite to the
brief filed under Nollie’s appeal at Docket No. 1279 EDA 2018.



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     together with such application, submit to the court of quarter
     sessions his photograph, . . . and also fingerprints of his two
     hands[.] . . . Every such applicant shall establish, to the
     satisfaction of the court of quarter sessions and by at least two
     duly acknowledged certificates, that such applicant, if he be
     a person, or, in the case of a . . . corporation, at least one member
     of such . . . corporation, has been regularly employed as a
     detective, or shall have been a member of the United States
     government investigative service, a sheriff, a member of the
     Pennsylvania State Police, or a member of a city police
     department of a rank or grade higher than that of patrolman, for
     a period of not less than three years. Such application shall
     be approved as to each person or individual so signing the same
     by not less than five reputable citizens of the community in which
     such applicant resides or transacts business, or in which it is
     proposed to own, conduct, manage or maintain the . . . office for
     which the license is desired, each of whom shall certify that he
     has personally known the said person or individual for a period of
     at least five years prior to the filing of such application, that he
     has read such application and believes each of the statements
     made therein to be true, that such person is honest, of good
     character, and competent, and not related or connected to the
     person so certifying by blood or marriage. The certificate of
     approval shall be signed by such reputable citizens and duly
     verified and acknowledged by them before an officer authorized
     to take oaths and acknowledgment of deeds.

22 P.S. § 14(a) (emphases added). “If the applicant is a corporation, at least

one officer must meet the above-quoted requirement.”            In re Sentry

Security, Inc., 417 A.2d 190, 191 (Pa. 1980).           See 22 P.S. § 14(b)

(requirements for corporate applicants).

     Although Section 14 requires proof the applicant has been “regularly

employed as a detective” for not less than three years, this Court explained

that phrase “has never been limited to persons employed by law enforcement

agencies.” In re Kuma K-9 Security, Inc., 506 A.2d 445, 447 (Pa. Super.

1986). Indeed, Section 12 defines a “private detective business” both in the


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traditional sense, 22 P.S. § 12(a),6 and with reference to investigatory duties

performed in a job, 22 P.S. § 12(b). Section 12(b) provides:

       “Private detective business” shall also mean and include,
       separately or collectively, the making, for hire, reward, or for any
       consideration whatsoever, of any investigation or investigations
       for the purpose of obtaining information with reference to any of
       the following matters, notwithstanding the fact that other
       functions and services may also be performed for fee, hire, or
       reward:

          (1) Crime or wrongs done or threatened against the
          government of the United States of America or any state or
          territory of the United States of America.

          (2) The identity, habits, conduct, movements, whereabouts,
          affiliations, associations, transactions, reputation, or
          character, of any person, group of persons, association,
          organization, society, other groups of persons, partnership,
          or corporation.

          (3) The credibility of witnesses or other persons.

          (4) The whereabouts of missing persons.

          (5) The location or recovery of lost or stolen property.

          (6) The causes and origin of, or responsibility for, fires, or
          libels, or losses, or accidents, or damage, or injuries, to real
          or personal property.

          (7) The affiliation, connection, or relation, of any person,
          partnership, or corporation, with any union, organization,
          society, or association, or with any official member or
          representative thereof.




____________________________________________


6 See 22 P.S. § 12(a) (defining “private detective business” as “the business
of private detective, private detective business, the business of investigator,
or the business of watch, guard, or patrol agency”).


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         (8) With reference to any person or persons seeking
         employment in the place of any person or persons who have
         quit work by reason of any strike.

         (9) With reference to the conduct, honesty, efficiency,
         loyalty, or activities, of employe[e]s, agents, contractors
         and subcontractors.

         (10) The securing of evidence to be used before any
         authorized investigating committee, board of award, board
         of arbitration, or in the trial of civil or criminal cases.

         (11) The furnishing, for hire or reward, of watchmen, or
         guards, or private patrolmen, or other persons, to protect
         persons or property, or to prevent the theft or the unlawful
         taking of goods, wares and merchandise, or to prevent the
         misappropriation or concealment of goods, wares or
         merchandise, money, bonds, stocks, choses in action,
         notes, or other valuable documents, papers, and articles of
         value, or to procure the return thereof, or the performing of
         the service of such guard or other person, or any of said
         purposes. . . .

22 P.S. § 12(b)(1)-(11).

      In Sentry Security, the Supreme Court approved a “functional

analysis” test, which allows a trial court to consider the applicant’s work

experience, albeit not as a traditional detective, in light of the investigatory

duties listed in Section 12(b). Sentry Security, 417 A.2d at 193. The Court

found the applicant’s “work experience,” in which he performed seven of the

duties listed in Section 12(b), “amounted to the functional equivalent of three

years of detective work.” Sentry Security, 417 A.2d at 193. See also Kuma

K-9 Security, 506 A.2d at 448 (finding applicant “qualified under the statute”

when his work experience in private detective agency for 11 years involved

nine of the duties listed in Section 12(b)).




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J-S12023-20 & J-S12024-20



      In the present case, the Commonwealth argues, first, that Nollie “did

not comply with the requirements of the Act that he present the trial court

with at least two certificates establishing” he had the requisite three years

of experience as a detective under the Act.        Commonwealth’s Brief at 8

(emphasis added). Rather, it asserts, Nollie testified regarding his work as a

corrections officer for one and one-half years (with no accompanying

certification) and submitted a supplemental letter from his former employer

regarding his work as a security supervisor for a research lab. Id. at 10.

Moreover, the Commonwealth insists the experience described in the letter

was “insufficient to meet the requirements of regular employment as a

‘detective’ under [Section 12(b) of] the Act.” Id.

      In support of its decision to grant the detective licenses, the trial court

opined:

      [T]his Court initially reviewed [Nollie’s] application on March 19,
      2018.     The application contained five notarized statements
      attesting to [Nollie’s] good character with corresponding
      addresses and contact information from his employer and various
      friends and co-workers. The application . . . also contained two
      letters of reference, however, one of the letters was presented as
      an attachment (not open) in an email and not in actual letter form.
      The first letter outlined [Nollie’s] good reputation as a Security
      Supervisor with Bard Holing, LLC. We accepted this letter as
      evidence that [Nollie] could competently utilize a private detective
      license. However, since [Nollie] had not been regularly employed
      as a detective, as required under the statute, [Nollie] was also
      required to provide another letter attesting to his experience and
      fitness to maintain a private detective license. Consequently, this
      Court allowed [Nollie] an opportunity to obtain a printed copy of
      the actual letter for the Court and the Commonwealth.




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J-S12023-20 & J-S12024-20


            On April 3, 2018, upon reviewing the printed letter, this
      Court found that [Nollie’s] experience as a corrections officer,
      security supervisor, executive protection driver, and contract
      security guard, qualified as experience to determine that [Nollie]
      had met the requisite qualifications to obtain a private detective
      license.

Trial Ct. Op., 9/17/19, at 4.

      Upon our review of the certified record, we conclude Nollie did not

comply with the formal requirement of the Act to attach to his application “at

least two duly acknowledged certifications” that he “has been regularly

employed as a detective . . . for a period of not less than three years.” See

22 P.S. § 14. Although Nollie’s application listed his former employment as a

correctional officer, executive protection driver/assistant, security personnel,

security supervisor, and executive protection agent, it failed to provide any

description of his investigatory duties in those positions (as they relate to

Section 12(b)), or the dates of his employment. On this basis alone, we could

reverse because Nollie failed to comply with the formal requirements of the

Act. See Commonwealth v. Johnson, 941 A.2d 1286, 1290 (Pa. Super.

2007) (affirming denial of private detective license on basis not relied upon

by trial court; applicant’s one-page list of character witnesses “did not comply

with the Act’s formal requirement that she attach, to her application,” signed

and certified certificates of approval by five character references).

      Furthermore, we also agree with the Commonwealth’s assertion that

Nollie’s former employment as a security supervisor, as outlined in the letter

submitted by his former employer, did not demonstrate he had the requisite

investigatory experience outlined in Section 12(b). The letter, authored by

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Nollie’s former supervisor Joseph Pathickal, stated that Nollie worked at Bard

LLC “between 2011-2013 as a security supervisor.” Letter, 3/21/2018, at 1.

The only reference in the letter to the investigatory duties outlined in Section

12(b) was the following paragraph:

      [Nollie] has proven himself exceptional on investigative details.
      These details involved interviews, CCTV footage as well as man
      hours observing, and documenting movement of employees and
      guest[s. Nollie] has a keen eye and excellent skill sets when it
      comes to reading body language and behavior. He was essential
      in investigating and uncovering that two employees were stealing
      time as well as other in[t]er-office related issues.

Id. at 1.

      The Commonwealth argues the letter “does not explain how many hours

Nollie spent on these investigations, how he discovered any wrongdoing, and

whether these investigations were a regular focus of his job[; nor did he or

the trial court] attempt to explain . . . how those activities related to the

factors listed in 22 P.S. § 12(b).” Commonwealth’s’ Brief at 11. We agree.

      In Sentry Security, the Supreme Court reviewed the detailed

testimony presented at the licensing hearing which described the applicant’s

duties as a patrol officer for the Schuylkill Township Police Department over a

six-year period. Sentry Security, 417 A.2d at 192. The Court concluded

that “by virtue of his work” in the police department, the applicant “performed

seven of the duties” outlined in Section 12(b). Id. at 193. Similarly, in Kuma

K-9 Security, this Court, citing to the hearing transcript, found that the

applicant, who worked as a private investigator for 11 years, “took part in



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hundreds of investigations involving nine of the eleven activities” listed in

Section 12(b). Kuma K-9 Security, 506 A.2d at 448.

      Conversely, here, the only account of Nollie’s investigatory experience

was (1) his testimony at the licensing hearing concerning his position as a

correctional officer (only for one and one-half years), and (2) the limited

description of his duties as a “security supervisor” in the letter provided by his

former employer. Although the letter stated Nollie was employed at Bard for

two years, it did not specify the amount of time Nollie spent performing the

relevant investigatory duties outlined in Section 12(b). Accordingly, we agree

with the Commonwealth that the trial court erred in granting both Nollie and

TFP private detective licenses, and thus we reverse the orders on appeal.

      Orders reversed. Jurisdiction relinquished.



      Judge Colins joins this memorandum.

      Judge Shogan files a dissenting memorandum.



Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 5/15/20




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