DENIED; and Opinion Filed May 31, 2013.




                                              In The
                                        Court of Appeals
                                 Fifth District of Texas at Dallas

                                        No. 05-13-00022-CV

                        IN RE: DERICK DEWAYNE EVANS, Relator

                       On Appeal from the 363rd Judicial District Court
                                    Dallas County, Texas
                            Trial Court Cause No. F-10-01193-W
                                             OPINION
                            Before Justices Moseley, Francis, and Fillmore
                                     Opinion by Justice Moseley
       We deny relator’s motion for reconsideration. On the Court’s own motion, we withdraw

our opinion of February 13, 2013, and vacate our order of the same date. The following is now

the opinion of the Court.

       Derick Dewayne Evans served as a Dallas County constable until he was removed from

office after a jury convicted him of a felony offense. He seeks a writ of mandamus ordering the

trial court to vacate three orders whereby it suspended him from office during the course of the

appeal of his conviction, appointed another person to perform his duties, and denied a motion for

rehearing. We deny Evans’s petition for mandamus, and we deny his motion for rehearing.

                                       STANDARD OF REVIEW

       Mandamus is appropriate if Evans establishes a clear abuse of discretion for which there

is no adequate remedy by appeal. See In re Odyssey Healthcare, Inc., 310 S.W.3d 419, 422

(Tex. 2010) (orig. proceeding). A trial court abuses its discretion if it reaches a decision so

arbitrary and unreasonable as to amount to a clear and prejudicial error of law or if it clearly fails
to correctly analyze or apply the law. In re Cerberus Capital Mgmt., L.P., 164 S.W.3d 379, 382

(Tex. 2005) (orig. proceeding).

                                                       APPLICABLE LAW

          Before we address the issues presented, we review the law generally applicable to the

removal proceedings involved here. Chapter 87 governs the removal or suspension of certain

government officials from office; subchapter B of chapter 87 provides for removal of an officer

by petition and trial on non-criminal grounds, see TEX. LOC. GOV’T CODE §§ 87.011-87.019

(West Supp. 2012), while subchapter C addresses removal by criminal conviction involving

official misconduct, see id. §§ 87.031-.032. 1 Section 87.031, located in subchapter C, provides

that a felony or misdemeanor conviction involving official misconduct “operates as an

immediate removal from office for that officer.” Id. § 87.031(a). In that event, the trial court

“shall include an order removing the officer in the judgment.” Id. § 87.031(b). However, if the

officer appeals his conviction,

          the appeal supersedes the order of removal unless the court that renders the
          judgment finds that it is in the public interest to suspend the officer pending the
          appeal. If the court finds that the public interest requires suspension, the court
          shall suspend the officer as provided by this chapter.

Id. § 87.032 (emphasis added).

          The only other suspension provision “provided by this chapter” is that found section

87.017, dealing with the suspension of an officer pending trial for removal based on non-

criminal grounds. Section 87.017 states:




     1
      We note Subchapter A, entitled General Provisions, applies only to petition and trial on non-criminal grounds. See In re Bazan, 251
S.W.3d 39, 43 (Tex. 2008).




                                                                 –2–
       Suspension Pending Trial; Temporary Appointee
   (a) After the issuance of the order requiring citation of the officer, the district judge
       may temporarily suspend the officer and may appoint another person to perform
       the duties of the office.
   (b) The judge may not suspend the officer until the person appointed to serve
       executes a bond, with at least two good and sufficient sureties, in an amount fixed
       by the judge and conditioned as required by the judge. The bond shall be used to
       pay damages and costs to the suspended officer if the grounds for removal are
       found at trial to be insufficient or untrue. In an action to recover on the bond it is
       necessary to allege and prove that the temporary appointee actively aided and
       instigated the filing and prosecution of the removal action. . . .
   (c) If the final judgment establishes the officer’s right to the office, the county shall
       pay the officer from the general fund of the county an amount equal to the
       compensation received by the temporary appointee.

Id. § 87.017 (emphasis added).

       The pre-trial suspension procedures under section 87.017 do not fit seamlessly with the

provisions in subchapter C—including section 87.032—requiring an officer’s suspension from

office after conviction for a criminal offense involving official misconduct. For example, section

87.017(b) mandates the bond to “be used to pay damages and costs . . . if the grounds for

removal are found at trial are to be insufficient or untrue.” Id. § 87.017(b). But if an officer has

been removed pursuant to section 87.032 based on a criminal conviction, as Evans was here, the

grounds for his removal have already been “found at trial” to be sufficient or true. Thus, as

discussed further below, despite the “suspend . . . as provided by this chapter” language in

section 87.032, we have some question of whether the bond required for a temporary

replacement of an officer pending trial in a civil removal proceeding applies to the replacement

of an officer after the officer has been convicted of a criminal offense involving official

misconduct.

                                      PROCEEDINGS BELOW

       The trial court’s judgment of conviction removed Evans from office pursuant to sections

87.031 and 87.032. After Evans filed a notice of appeal, the State petitioned the trial court to

find that Evans’s suspension from office pending his appeal was in the public interest. The trial
                                                –3–
court held an evidentiary hearing on the motion, at which the State re-offered—and the trial court

admitted without objection—all the evidence admitted at the guilt/innocence stage of Evans’s

criminal trial.

        After the hearing, the trial court signed an order, dated August 6, 2012, stating that after

considering the evidence presented, counsels’ arguments, the Texas Local Government Code,

and applicable statutes, it was in the public interest to suspend Evans pending the appeal of his

criminal conviction. On August 13, 2012, the trial court issued a second order appointing

Cleophus R. Steele, Jr. to perform the duties of Evans’s former office for the remainder of the

term or until Evans is returned to office following a successful appeal of his conviction. The

August 13 Order states a bond “in the amount of $5,000” shall be posted “in compliance with

Local Government Code § 87.017.”

        Evans filed a “Motion for New Trial or Motion for Reconsideration of Order on

Suspension from Office and Order on Appointment of Constable for Precinct 1, or alternatively,

Motion for Order Establishing Supersedeas.” In his motion (and at the hearing), Evans argued

his suspension was improper for several reasons, including that there was no evidence to support

the amount of the bond set by the August 13 Order and that the trial court was required to set

supersedeas. The parties argued the motion at the hearing but did not present any evidence to the

trial court, except that upon Evans’s motion, the trial court took judicial notice of a County

Commissioners’ order setting the maximum salary for the office of constable. At the conclusion

of the hearing, the trial court signed an order, dated October 8, 2012, denying the motion.

        Evans filed a petition for writ of mandamus with this Court challenging the August 6

Order, the August 13 Order, and the October 8 Order. He asserts the trial court abused its

discretion by: denying Evans an appropriate supersedeas; failing to comply with section 87.017;




                                                –4–
and suspending Evans without following constitutional requirements and without proper jury

findings.

                      EVANS’S OWN RIGHT TO SUPERSEDE THE JUDGMENT

       Evans first argues he has an “absolute” right to supersede the “judgment of removal”

during his appeal, and that the trial court abused its discretion by denying him that right. Citing

sections 87.031 and 87.032 and In re Bazan, he argues that although his removal is ancillary to a

criminal conviction, the appeal of his removal is necessarily a civil proceeding. Otherwise, the

Texas Supreme Court would have lacked jurisdiction to decide such matters in In re Bazan. He

then argues that it is “well-settled” that the right to supersedeas is absolute and that a trial court

has no discretion to deny supersedeas, citing a long list of cases that generally stand for that

proposition.

       We need not dwell on the precise “civil versus criminal” demarcation relevant to the

removal. Although generally supersedeas is available in an appeal of a civil judgment, none of

Evans’s cases address removing an officer after a criminal conviction involving official

misconduct under subchapter C. Initially chapter 87 allowed Evans to supersede his conviction

by appealing it, which he did. See TEX. LOC. GOV’T CODE § 87.032. However, once the trial

court found “it [was] in the public interest to suspend” Evans pending the appeal of his criminal

conviction, Evans had no further right to supersede the trial court’s order. See generally id.; In

re Bazan, 251 S.W.3d at 41 (“If the officer appeals the conviction . . . the removal order is

superseded, unless the trial court determines that the public interest requires the officer’s

suspension during the appeal.”).

       The statutory framework for the removal of an official under chapter 87 controls over the

law applicable to civil cases in general. Requiring the trial court to grant Evans’s request for

supersedeas, thereby allowing Evans to remain in office pending the appeal of his criminal

                                                 –5–
conviction, effectively would eviscerate the statute’s provision that a convicted public official

shall be suspended from office if the court finds it is in the public interest to do so. See

Fireman’s Fund Cnty. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Hidi, 13 S.W.3d 767, 768-69 (Tex. 2000) (interpret

statutes to give effect to Legislature’s intent). Accordingly, we conclude the trial court did not

abuse its discretion by denying Evans’s request to supersede the order removing Evans from

office.

                            FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH SECTION 87.017

          Evans argues the trial court abused its discretion by failing to comply with section

87.017. Evans first complains the August 13 Order did not require Steele to execute a bond

before Evans’s suspension became effective. However, by the time Evans filed this petition for

mandamus, the bond was filed; thus, there is nothing for us to consider with respect to Evans’s

first complaint.

          Evans next complains the August 13 Order did not require the bond be backed by two or

more good and sufficient sureties. Because the August 13 Order states the bond must be posted

“in compliance with Local Government Code § 87.017”—which requires it be executed with two

good and sufficient sureties—we cannot say the trial court abused its discretion by failing to

specifically recite the requirement of section 87.017 that a bond be executed with at least two

good and sufficient sureties.

          Evans next contends the trial court abused its discretion by failing to specify the basis for

its finding that it was in the public interest to suspend Evans pending the appeal of his

conviction. See TEX. LOC. GOV’T CODE § 87.032. The statute does not require the trial court to

state the basis for its determination. See id. And we cannot say that the trial court lacked

evidence to reach this conclusion; at the suspension hearing, all of the evidence admitted at the

guilt/innocence phase of Evans’s criminal trial was admitted without objection. We decline to

                                                  –6–
conclude the trial court abused its discretion by failing to specify its factual basis for invoking

the public interest provision in section 87.032.

           Finally, Evans complains the August 13 Order lacks required conditioning language—

specifically, Evans argues the bond should be payable to him upon the condition that the grounds

for his removal are found to be insufficient or untrue—and the August 13 Order “arbitrarily” set

a bond amount at $5,000.

           The bond required by section 87.017 is to pay damages and costs to the suspended officer

“if the grounds for removal are found at trial to be insufficient or untrue.” Id. § 87.017(b)

(emphasis added). As stated earlier, the statute does not require the trial court to state this as a

condition or otherwise require that the bond be payable to Evans if his conviction is reversed, as

Evans urges us to conclude. See id. Moreover, the statute does not speak to whether the bond is

available to pay for damages and costs if the grounds for removal are found on appeal to be

insufficient or untrue. In this case, Evans has been tried, the grounds for removal were found to

be sufficient and true, and Evans was convicted. 2 This clause in section 87.017 simply does not

apply to the facts of Evans’s request for mandamus and the trial court did not abuse its discretion

by failing to order the bond payable to Evans or imposing other conditioning language.

           Similarly, we cannot conclude the trial court abused its discretion by setting the amount

of the bond at $5,000. As Evans notes in his brief, the bond is to be used to pay damages and

costs to the suspended officer. See id. Although Evans asserts he presented evidence to the trial

court that the amount of $5,000 is not sufficient to cover his damages and costs if this Court

reverses his conviction, we disagree.




     2
        Additionally, the bond would only be paid to Evans if he could prove that Steele “actively aided and instigated the filing and prosecution
of the removal action.” TEX. LOC. GOV’T CODE § 87.017(b). Evans does not allege, and there is no evidence indicating, Steele aided and
instigated the filing and prosecution of the removal action against Evans.



                                                                      –7–
       Evans relies on a document––which the trial court judicially noted at the October 8

hearing—titled “Elected Official FY2013 Maximum Proposed Monthly Salary and Auto

Allowance with 4% Salary Increase and an 0% Auto Allowance Increase.” This is evidence of

the maximum proposed monthly salary and auto allowance of someone in Evans’s position, not

proof his salary.

       Moreover, by statute, if Evans’s conviction is reversed and a subsequent final judgment

establishes his right to the constable’s office, then the county could be required to pay him an

amount equal to the compensation received by Steele. See id. § 87.017(c). Any damages in the

form of unpaid salary to which Evans may be entitled may be reduced by the amount of

compensation received by Steele—and there is no evidence of the amount of compensation to be

received by Steele. Without evidence that Evans’s damages and costs would be more than, less

than, or equal to $5,000, we cannot say that the trial court abused its discretion by setting the

amount of the bond at $5,000.

                         COMPLIANCE WITH REMOVAL PROCEDURES

       Evans also argues the August 6 Order, the order of removal, and the suspension, are

invalid. Evans asserts the State was required to file a pleading advising him that it would seek

his removal. The case Evans cites to support this proposition, Ormes v. Quinn, 113 S.W.2d 242

(Tex. Civ. App.—El Paso 1938, no writ), is not applicable. In Ormes, the appellant, a constable,

was charged with offenses and misconduct. The State sought to remove the appellant from

office “during the pendency of the ouster proceedings and so long as there is [an] indictment

pending against him charging a felony.”      Ormes, 113 S.W.2d at 242.        The district court

suspended the appellant pending the outcome of his criminal case.             The removal suit

subsequently was dismissed; by the time of the dismissal, the appellant’s term in office had

expired. Appellant sued to recover damages against the substitute constable’s official bond. See

                                              –8–
id. at 243. Ormes is not applicable to the facts before us because Ormes was removed from

office before he was convicted of any crime while Evans was removed after a felony conviction.

Additionally, the Ormes court did not state a pleading is required before the State can seek to

remove a convicted felon from office. The notice to Evans that he would be suspended from

office was his indictment and conviction. Neither chapter 87 nor the Ormes case requires any

additional notice to be given.

       Evans also argues that article 5, section 24 of the Texas constitution required the State to

file a pleading advising Evans that the State intended to suspend him and to obtain a finding of

removability from the jury. Because the State did not do so, Evans argues, the suspension is not

proper. Article 5, section 24 states that a judge may remove a constable for “incompetency,

official misconduct, habitual drunkenness, or other causes defined by law, upon the cause

therefor being set forth in writing and the finding of its truth by a jury.” TEX. CONST. art. V, §24.

We do not read this constitutional provision to require the trial court to submit a question on

removability to the jury. Rather, we understand this provision to require the cause of the

removal—the felony—to have been set forth in writing and found true by the jury.                This

occurred in Evans’s case when he was indicted and subsequently convicted by a jury.

       We do not conclude the trial court’s order of suspension is “constitutionally infirm or

invalid.”

                                           CONCLUSION

       We deny Evans’s petition for writ of mandamus and motion for rehearing.




130022F.P05                                           /Jim Moseley/
                                                      JIM MOSELEY
                                                      JUSTICE

                                                –9–
