J. S03004/16


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA            :    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                        :          PENNSYLVANIA
                  v.                    :
                                        :
KEVIN DOUGLAS BROWN,                    :          No. 527 EDA 2015
                                        :
                       Appellant        :


         Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence, February 6, 2015,
           in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
             Criminal Division at No. CP-51-CR-0009758-2013


BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., OTT AND JENKINS, JJ.


MEMORANDUM BY FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.:                FILED MARCH 03, 2016

     Kevin Douglas Brown appeals from the judgment of sentence of

February 6, 2015. We affirm.

     The trial court convicted appellant of possession of a controlled

substance with intent to deliver, criminal conspiracy, and a violation of the

Uniform Firearms Act1 on July 23, 2014.      On February 6, 2015, the trial

court sentenced appellant to an aggregate term of five to ten years’

imprisonment. Appellant filed post-sentence motions, which the trial court

denied on February 18, 2015. This timely appeal followed.

     Appellant raises the following issues for our review:

           1.    Was the evidence insufficient as a matter of
                 law such that no reasonable factfinder could

1
  35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30); 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 903(c) and 6105(a)(1),
respectively.
J. S03004/16


                      have found Mr. Brown guilty of Possession with
                      Intent to Deliver beyond a reasonable doubt
                      where there was no evidence of record that
                      Kevin Brown was involved in any narcotics
                      transaction nor were any narcotics recovered
                      from him[?]

               2.     Was the evidence insufficient as a matter of
                      law such that no reasonable factfinder could
                      have found Mr. Brown guilty of Possession of a
                      Firearm beyond a reasonable doubt when the
                      only evidence presented on the record was
                      that Kevin Brown went into a room of a house
                      where a firearm was ultimately recovered[?]

               3.     Was the verdict of guilty against the weight of
                      the evidence because there was uncontradicted
                      testimony from defense witness Dawn Stinger
                      that Kevin Brown did not live in the front room
                      of the residence where the firearm and drug
                      paraphernalia were found[?]

Appellant’s brief at 9.

      Having determined, after careful review, that the Honorable Daniel J.

Anders,   in    his   Rule   1925(a)   opinion   of   June   17,   2015,   ably   and

comprehensively disposes of appellant’s issues on appeal, with appropriate

reference to the record and without legal error, we will affirm on the basis of

that opinion.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.




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J. S03004/16



Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 3/3/2016




                          -3-
                                                                                       Circulated 02/16/2016 03:12 PM




                 fN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS                F PHILADELPHIA COUNTY
                         FTRST JUDlCIAL DlSTRJCT            F PENNSYLVANIA
                                 TRIAL DJVISION -           RIMINAL

 COMMONWEALTH              OF PENNSY     L V ANlA                 CP-5 l-CR-0009758-2013

 vs.                                                             527 EDA 2015                       FILED
                                                                                                        JUN 1 7 2015
 KEVTN BROWN
                                                                                               Criminal Appeals Unit
                                                OPINIO                                       First Judicial District of PJ
         Following a waiver trial, Defendant Kevin Br wn was convicted of possession of a

 controlled substance with the intent to deliver ("PW       "), criminal conspiracy, and one violation

 of the Uniform Firearms     Act. The trial court imposed    guideline sentence of 5 to   IO years of

 incarceration    for the convictions. On appeal, Defend·   t argues that: (I) the evidence was

 insufficient to support the convictions; and (2) the ver ict was against the weight of the evidence.

 For the reasons stated below, the Superior Court shoul      affirm the judgment of sentence.

FACTUAL BACKGROUND
         On July 9, 2013, Philadelphia Police Officer R nald McCutcheon        conducted a drug

surveillance of 1457 West Chew Street in Philadelphia       Officer McCutcheon gave a confidential

mformant (·'Cl'') $20 in pre-recorded buy money and i istructed tbe CI to attempt to make a

narcotics purchase from     a house located at 1457 West    hew Street. Officer McCutcheon

observed the Cf knock on the door. engage in     a brief c nvcrsation with an unidentified person,

enter the property and then exit the property two   rninut ·s later. The CJ returned to Officer

McCutcheon and provided him with two clear Ziploc p ckets containing crack cocaine. N.T.

07/11/2014   at 9-10.

        On July I 0, 20 J 3, Officer McCutcheon gave th CI $20 in pre-recorded buy money and

instructed the Cl to attempt to make a narcoucs purchas      from the same house. Office,

McCutcheon observed the Cl knock on the front door, igage in a brief conversation with a
  black female, enter the property and then exit the pro eny two minutes later. The Cl returned to

  Officer McCutcheon            and provided him with two or   e-tinted Ziploc packets containing crack

  cocaine     Id. al I I -12.

            On July 12, 2013, Officer McCutcheon gave t e CI $20 in pre-recorded buy money and

  instructed the Cl lo attempt to make a narcotics purch e from the same house. Officer

  McCutcheon observed the CI engage in a brief conve ation with a black male later identified as

 Charles Graves, who was sining on the front steps of          e house. The Cl gave Graves the $20 in

 pre-recorded buy money. Graves entered the property            d then exited the property two minutes

 later. Graves provided the CI with small objects in ah         d-to-hand transaction. The Cl returned

 10   Officer McCutcheon and provided him with one p            le-tinted Ziploc packet containing crack

 cocaine. Id. at 14-17.

            Approximately ten to fifteen minutes later, Of cer McCutcheon executed a search

 warrant that they had obtained earlier in the day based pon the July 9th and July l 0th narcotics

 transactions. Upon entering the house, officers stopped Charles Graves in the kitchen and

arrested    rum.   Two or three females were on the first f1   r, but were not arrested. Id. at 13, 20-21.

         Officer Weaver participated in the execution of he search warrant of 1457 Chew

Avenue. She was the first police officer to go to the sec nd floor. When she arrived on the

second floor, she observed Defendant coming out of a athroom either wearing a towel or

completely naked. Defendant asked Officer Weaver if             could get dressed, to which she said he

could. Defendant then walked into the front bedroom.           fficer Weaver followed him into the

front bedroom and allowed him lo get dressed. Defend rt dressed himself with clothes from the

front bedroom Officer Weaver did not take or bring De endant to the front bedroom; rather, she

followed him into the bedroom that he chose to enter. I.       at 32-JJ, 37-40, 46.



                                                     -2-
          Police recovered $1,587 from this front bedr       m, including the $20 in pre-recorded    buy

  money that was used by the CJ less than 15 minutes        arlier to purchase narcotics. The$ J ,587

  was in the following denominations: one $50 bill, tw Ive $20 bills, fourteen $10 bills, 14 $5 bills

  and 947 $1 bills. Police also recovered the following terns from the front bedroom where

 Defendant was arrested: two bags containing new an used narcotics packaging, a digital scale, a

 letter addressed to Defendant, and a .25 caliber Titan erniautornatic firearm loaded with two live

 rounds. The letter was recovered from on top of the dresser; the packaging, scale. and firearm

 were recovered from mside a closet located in the bed oom; and the firearm was recovered from

 inside a shoebox that was one of several shoeboxes st eked in the closet. The front bedroom

 contained men's clothing and toiletries; there was no       male clothing in the bedroom. N.T.

 07/11/2014 al 24-27, 40-44, 48; N.T. 07/18/2014 at 6-

         After he was arrested, Defendant told police of icers that he resided al 1457 Chew

 Avenue. Defendant was never observed engaging in            y narcotics transactions on July 9, 2013,

 July 10, 2013, or July 12, 2013 N.T 07/11/2014        at 28 29, 35.

        Defense counsel presented the testimony of Da           Stinger, who testified that Defendant

had Just returned from work and was taking a shower u stairs when police executed the search

warrant. According to Stinger, Graves used the front b        room and Defendant used the rear

bedroom. Id. at 59-60.

        The trial court chose to credit the testimony of      lice Officer Weaver based upon her

demeanor and manner of testifying. N.T. 07/23/2014 at . The trial court did not automatically

credit her testimony based upon her status as a police o cer, but chose to credit her testimony in

light of the totality of circumstances See Commonwealt        v. Harrison, 323 A.2d 72 (Pa. Super.

Ct. 1974) (holding that to presume that any police office called by the Commonwealth is

truthful constitutes "such a display of partiality as to con titute basic and fundamental error").
                                                 -J-
 DISCUSSION

                  There Is Sufficient   Evidence To Su      rt The Convictions

         Defendant asserts that the evidence was insuf icient to support the PWID and VUF A

 convictions.   Appellate courts review claims regardi       the sufficiency of the evidence by

considenng whether, viewing all the evidence admitt d at trial in the light most favorable to the

verdict winner, there is sufficient evidence to enable      e fact-finder lo find every element of the

crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Commonwealth v. radley, 69 A.3d 253, 255 (Pa. Super. Ct.

20 J 3). The appellate court must evaluate the entire re ord and consider all evidence actually

received. Id. Further, a conviction may be sustained       holly on circumstantial evidence, and the

trier of fact-while passing on the credibility of thew tnesses and the weight of the evidence-is

free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence. Id. In conducting this review, the appellate court

may not weigh the evidence and substitute its judgme t for the fact-finder. Id.

                 a.       There Ts Sufficient Evidence T Su       ort The PWID Conviction

        To support Defendant's PWlD conviction, the ommonwealth must have proved beyond

a reasonable doubt that: (1) Defendant possessed a co trolled substance; and (2) he possessed it

with the intent to deliver. Commonwealth v. Bricker, 8 2 A.2d l 008, l 015 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2005 ).

Possession with intent to deliver can be inferred from he quantity of the drugs possessed, the

manner in which they are individually packaged, the b havior of the defendant, and other

circumstances, such as a Jack of drug user paraphemal a and the reputation of the area for

narcotic sales activity   /11 the Interest of Evans, 717 A .. d 542, 546 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1998);

Commonwealth v. Ratsamy, 934 A.2d 1233,          1239 (Pa. 007).

        Here. there is sufficient evidence to establish b yond a reasonable doubt that Defendant

possessed the narcotics. Where, as here, the def end an is not found with contraband on his

person, the Commonwealth must show that he had co structive possession of the seized items,
                                                   -4-
   which has been defined as the "ability and intent to sxercise control over the substance."

   Commonwealth v. Hutchinson. 947 A.2d 800, 806 ( a. Super. Ct. 2008). Constructive

   possession is defined as "conscious dominion;" whi h itself is defined as, the power to control

   the contraband and the intent to exercise that control Commonwealth v, Mudrick, 507 A.2d

   1212,    1213 (Pa. 1986). Constructive possession may be established by the totality of the

   circumstances. Id An inference of constructive poss ssion arises from a set of facts that

   Defendant's possession was more likely than not. C imonwealth v. Macolino, 318 A.2d 132,

   134 (Pa. l 983). "Individually, the circumstances ma not be decisive; but in combination, they

  may justify an inference that the accused had both th power to control and the intent to exercise

  that control.    . " Commonwealth v. DeCampli, 364       .2d 454, 456 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1976). A

  defendant's     movement and behavior observed by pol ce, in addition to the fact that contraband

  was found within the area of defendant's    immediate    ntrol, establishes constructive

  possession. Commonwealth v, Stembridge, 579 A.2d 01, 903 (Pa. Super. CL 1990);

  Commonwealth v. Ortega, 539 A.2d 849, 851 (Pa. Su er. Ct. 1988).

           Here, there is sufficient evidence to prove beyo d a reasonable doubt that Defendant

 constructively possessed the cocaine. The trial court er ·dited the testimony of Officer Weaver

that the cocaine was discovered in the front bedroom        ere Defendant brought the officers and

where Defendant changed into his clothing. Defendant        as the only occupant of the room at the

time of the search, and Defendant admitted that he live in the house. The room was a private

bedroom and was not a common area The letter recove ed from the same room addressed to

Defendant, along wuh the male cloth mg, male toi letrie     and absence of female clothing, led the

fact-finder to believe beyond a reasonable doubt that th s was Defendant's room. Further, the

trial court discredited Stinger's testimony about which    om belonged to Defendant because her

statements were inconsistent with the weight of the othe evidence produced at trial. See
                                                 -5-
Commonwealth v Walker, 874 A.2d 667, 678 (Pa. S per. Ct. 2005) (finding that a defendant

constructively possessed drugs and guns found in bas ment of residence where: (1) the basement

contained three rooms: a bedroom with a closet, a bat oorn, and an office filled with drugs and

guns; (2) the bedroom closet contained men's clothin ; (3) mail addressed 10 the defendant was

found in the office; (4) after being arrested defendant equested to retrieve his shin and his shoes

from the bedroom; and (5) defendant adrrutled that he resided at residence).

        Here, there is sufficient evidence to prove bey nd a reasonable doubt that Defendant

 possessed the cocaine, and that he possessed it with t e intent to deliver based on; ( 1) the large

 amount of money-$1,587 in cash, including the pre recorded buy money recovered from the

 front bedroom; (2) the denominations of the recovere money: one $50 bill, twelve $20 bills,

 fourteen $IO bills, 14 $5 bills, and 947 $1 bills; (3) t at Defendant voluntarily and freely led

police into the front bedroom where the money, the g n, and the scale were found; (4) the scale

recovered along with the new and used packaging; (5 the buy money from that same day was

recovered in Defendant's room; (6) Defendant told th officers that he resided at the house, and

(7) the letter addressed lo Defendant recovered from n top of the dresser. Expert testimony

about the denominations of the recovered money was unnecessary in this case because the fact-

finder could use common sense to determine whether the substantial amount cash recovered

was circumstantial evidence of Defendant's intent     10   eliver. See Commonwealth v. Baker, 72

A.3d 652 (Pa. Super Ct 2013) (concluding that expe t testimony was unnecessary because of

the other evidence in the case. including baggies, ove $2,300 in cash recovered with the drugs,

and pre-recorded buy money).

        Based on the foregoing, there was sufficient e idence at trial to support the PWID

convicuon


                                                -6·
                  b.

        Defendant asserts that the evidence was msuf icient to support the VVF A convrcuon

 under J 8 Pa C S § 6105   To sustain a conviction und r Section 6105, there must be sufficient

 evidence to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that De endant possessed a firearm and that he was

convicted of an enumerated offense that prohibited h ·        from possessing, using, controlling, or

transferring a firearm Secuon 6105 defines "firearm'        as any weapon that rs "designed   10   or may

readily be converted to expel any projectile by the ac ion of an explosive or the frame or receiver

of any such weapon " I 8 Pa C. S § 6 I 05; Commonw          /ch v. Thomas, 988 A.2d 669, 670 (Pa.

Super. Ct 2009)

       Here, because Defendant did not pliystcallv p ssess the firearm, the Commonwealth must

have proven beyond a reasonable doubt that Defend           t constructively possessed the firearm. For

the same reasons discussed supra at 4-6, there is suffi rent evidence lo prove beyond a

reasonable doubt that Defendant constructively     posse sed the firearm. See Walker, 874 A.2d al

678

       Based on the foregoing, it was reasonable for he trial court to conclude that Defendant

construcnvely possessed the firearm, i.e.. he had the power and intent to exercise control over 1L

Also, Defendant stipulated that he was prohibited fr m possessing a firearm under Section 6105

and that the firearm w as operable. N.T. 07/1112014     l   52-53 Viewing this evidence in a light

most favorable to the Commonwealth,     there rs suffi icnt direct and circumstantial   evidence to

support the VUFA conviction.




                                                 -7-
             2.     The Verdict Was Not A ainst The We        ht Of The Evidence

            Defendant asserts that the verdict was against   he weight of the evidence   as to the PWID

  conviction. When evaluating the weight of the evide ce, the standard of review is as follows:

                   The weight of the evidence rs exclusiv ly for the finder of fact who
                   JS free lo believe all, part, or none oft e evidence and to determine
                   the credibi lity of the witnesses.            appellate court cannot
                   substitute rts judgment for that of t e finder of fact. Thus [the
                   Superior Court] may only reverse the lower court's verdict if it is
                   so contrary to the evidence as to sh ck one's sense of justice.
                   Moreover, where the trial court has ruled on the weight claim
                   below, an appellate court's role is no to consider the underlying
                   question of whether the verdict is against the weight of the
                   evidence, Rather, appellate review is limited lo whether the trial
                   court palpably abused its discretion in uling on the weight claim.

Commonwealth v. Champney, 832 A.2d 403, 408 (Pa. 2003).

            1n light of the overwhelming evidence as sun     arized above, the verdict is not contrary to

the evidence and does not shock one's sense of justice

CONCLUSION

        Based on the foregoing, the judgment of sente ce should be affirmed .
      '>.

                    T




                        RS, JUDGE
Dated. June 17, 2015




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