 [Cite as State v. Timberling, 2013-Ohio-1377.]




                           IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                              SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                    GREENE COUNTY

 STATE OF OHIO                                    :
                                                  :     Appellate Case No. 2012-CA-35
         Plaintiff-Appellee                       :
                                                  :     Trial Court Case No. 2011-CR-406
 v.                                               :
                                                  :
 CHARLES A. TIMBERLING, JR.                       :     (Criminal Appeal from
                                                  :     (Common Pleas Court)
                                                  :
         Defendant-Appellant                      :
                                                  :
                                              ...........

                                              OPINION

                               Rendered on the 5th day of April, 2013.

                                              ...........

STEPHEN K. HALLER, Atty. Reg. No. 0009172, Prosecuting Attorney Greene County Ohio,
by NATHANIEL R. LUKEN, Atty. Reg. No. 0087864, Assistant Prosecutor, 61 Greene
Street, Xenia, Ohio 45385
        Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee

MELISSA REPLOGLE, Atty. Reg. No. 0084215, 2312 Far Hills Avenue, Suite 145, Dayton,
Ohio 45419
       Attorney for Defendant-Appellant

                                            .............

WELBAUM, J.
 [Cite as State v. Timberling, 2013-Ohio-1377.]
       {¶ 1}        Defendant-Appellant, Charles A. Timberling, Jr., appeals from his prison

sentence following a guilty plea to four counts of violating a protection order. Timberling

argues that the trial court abused its discretion by imposing consecutive prison sentences and

also by denying Timberling’s request for a psychological report pursuant to R.C. 2947.06(B).

We conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by imposing consecutive prison

sentences or by denying Timberling’s request for a psychological report.

                                I. Facts and Course of Proceedings

       {¶ 2}       This case involves multiple violations of a protection order placed on

Timberling by his ex-girlfriend, Yevonn Jacaruso.          In 2011, Timberling violated the

protection order by sending four separate correspondences to Jacaruso over a period of seven

months. In January 2011, Timberling sent Jacaruso two birthday cards. In June 2011, he

sent her a greeting card.      His fourth communication was a letter sent after the June 2011

greeting card. All the correspondences were innocuous and did not contain any threats of

harm. Timberling also did not try to physically contact Jacaruso.

       {¶ 3}        Timberling, however, has a prior criminal history related to his infatuation

with Jacaruso. In 2004, he pleaded guilty to abducting Jacaruso. He maintains that he did

not abduct her, and that he only pleaded guilty due to a plea bargain. While Timberling was

in prison for the abduction offense, Jacaruso obtained a protection order against him under

R.C. 2903.214.      In 2009, after Timberling was released from prison, he attempted to

communicate with Jacaruso in violation of the protection order. He was then sent back to

prison for nine months.

       {¶ 4}      As a result of his four communications with Jacaruso in 2011, Timberling
                                                                                          3


was indicted for four counts of violating a protection order under R.C. 2919.27 and two counts

of menacing by stalking under R.C. 2903.211. The prosecution agreed to dismiss the two

counts for menacing by stalking in exchange for Timberling pleading guilty to the four

protection order violations. On February 23, 2012 Timberling pleaded guilty to the four

protection order violations. Prior to pleading guilty, Timberling requested that his mental

condition be evaluated pursuant to R.C. 2919.271(B). The court permitted the evaluation

and a psychological report was prepared. On January 30, 2012, Timberling requested a

second psychological report be prepared because the first report allegedly contained errors and

improper conclusions. The trial court decided not to permit a second report and did not

consider the first report when sentencing Timberling.

       {¶ 5}     Timberling’s sentencing hearing took place on April 13, 2012.            Both

Jacaruso and Timberling appeared and gave statements at the hearing.

       {¶ 6}     Jacaruso expressed her frustration with Timberling.      She stated that her

relationship with him was brief and destructive, and that she asked for a protection order to

protect herself physically and mentally. Additionally, she stated that Timberling went out of

his way to locate her, and she felt intimidated by him. She feels as though she and her loved

ones are in danger whenever he makes contact with her. She therefore requested the trial

court to set aside Timberling’s plea bargain, which dismissed the two counts of menacing by

stalking, and to issue the maximum allowable sentence.

       {¶ 7}     Timberling apologized for all of his actions and explained that they were a

result of his feelings for Jacaruso. He advised the court multiple times that he had no

intention of hurting Jacaruso, and that he had no idea how much she feared him. He also
                                                                                           4


promised to never contact her again.

       {¶ 8}     After hearing Timberling’s and Jacaruso’s statements, the trial court

sentenced Timberling to one year in prison for each of the first three counts and six months for

the fourth count. His total prison sentence is 42 months, and the trial court ordered the

sentences to run consecutively.

       {¶ 9}     On December 28, 2012, Timberling appealed the trial court’s imposition of

consecutive sentences and its decision denying his request for a second psychological

evaluation.

II. The Trial Court Did Not Abuse Its Discretion By Sentencing Charles A. Timberling,

                                Jr. to Consecutive Prison Terms

       {¶ 10}    Timberling’s First Assignment of Error states that:

                The trial court abused its discretion when it sentenced Appellant to

       consecutive sentences.

       {¶ 11}    Under this assignment of error, Timberling argues that he did not cause or

attempt to cause any harm to Jacaruso, and that he took full responsibility for his actions.

Accordingly, Timberling claims the trial court abused its discretion when it sentenced him to

consecutive prison terms.

       {¶ 12}    A two-step approach is used in Ohio to review felony sentences. “[A]n

appellate court must first determine whether the sentencing court complied with all applicable

rules and statutes in imposing the sentence, including R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12, in order to

decide whether the sentence is contrary to law.” State v. Clark, 2d Dist. Champaign No.

2011-CA-32, 2013-Ohio-300, ¶ 13, citing             State v. Kalish, 120 Ohio St.3d 23,
                                                                                           5


2008-Ohio-4912, 896 N.E.2d 124, ¶ 26. “If the sentence is not clearly and convincingly

contrary to law, the trial court’s decision in imposing the term of imprisonment must be

reviewed under an abuse-of-discretion standard.” Id.

   A. The Trial Court’s Imposition of Consecutive Prison Sentences Was Not Clearly and

                                Convincingly Contrary to Law

       {¶ 13}    “The trial court has full discretion to impose any sentence within the

authorized statutory range, and the court is not required to make any findings or give its

reasons for imposing maximum or more than minimum sentences.” (Citation omitted.) State

v. Blessing, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2011 CA 56, 2013-Ohio-392, ¶ 27. “[T]he trial court must

comply with all applicable rules and statutes, including R.C. 2929.11 and R.C. 2929.12.”

(Citation omitted.) Id.

       {¶ 14}    Pursuant to R.C. 2929.11(A):

                A court that sentences an offender for a felony shall be guided by the

       overriding purposes of felony sentencing. The overriding purposes of felony

       sentencing are to protect the public from future crime by the offender and

       others and to punish the offender using the minimum sanctions that the court

       determines accomplish those purposes without imposing an unnecessary

       burden on state or local government resources. To achieve those purposes, the

       sentencing court shall consider the need for incapacitating the offender,

       deterring the offender and others from future crime, rehabilitating the offender,

       and making restitution to the victim of the offense, the public, or both.

       {¶ 15}    Under R.C. 2929.12(A), the sentencing trial court “has discretion to
                                                                                           6


determine the most effective way to comply with the purposes and principles of sentencing set

forth in section 2929.11 of the Revised Code.”

       {¶ 16}    With regard to consecutive prison sentences, R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) states that:

                If multiple prison terms are imposed on an offender for convictions of

       multiple offenses, the court may require the offender to serve the prison terms

       consecutively if the court finds that the consecutive service is necessary to

       protect the public from future crime or to punish the offender and that

       consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness of the

       offender's conduct and to the danger the offender poses to the public, and if the

       court also finds any of the following:

       ***

                The offender's history of criminal conduct demonstrates that

       consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime by

       the offender.

       {¶ 17}    In this case, the record shows that prior to sentencing Timberling, the trial

court considered his criminal history, his history with Jacaruso, and his recidivism. Based on

these considerations, the trial court determined that consecutive prison sentences were

necessary to protect the public and to punish Timberling. We find that the trial court’s

purpose and reasoning for imposing consecutive sentences comply with R.C. 2929.11(A),

2929.12(A) and 2929.14(C)(4).        The prison sentence also falls within the permissible

statutory range for fifth degree felonies as set forth in R.C. 2929.14(A)(5). The prison

sentence therefore complies with all applicable rules and statutes.
[Cite as State v. Timberling, 2013-Ohio-1377.]
        {¶ 18}       For the foregoing reasons, we find that the trial court’s decision was not

clearly and convincingly contrary to law.

B. The Trial Court’s Decision to Impose Consecutive Prison Sentences Was Not an Abuse of

                                                 Discretion

        {¶ 19}       “A trial court has broad discretion in sentencing a defendant and a reviewing

court will not interfere with the sentence unless the trial court abused its discretion.” (Citations

omitted.) State v. Bray, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2010CA14, 2011-Ohio-4660, ¶ 28.

                 “Abuse of discretion” has been defined as an attitude that is

        unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable. (Citation omitted.)          It is to be

        expected that most instances of abuse of discretion will result in decisions that

        are simply unreasonable, rather than decisions that are unconscionable or

        arbitrary.

                 A decision is unreasonable if there is no sound reasoning process that

        would support that decision. It is not enough that the reviewing court, were it

        deciding the issue de novo, would not have found that reasoning process to be

        persuasive, perhaps in view of countervailing reasoning processes that would

        support a contrary result. AAAA Enterprises, Inc. v. River Place Community

        Urban Redevelopment Corp., 50 Ohio St.3d 157, 161, 553 N.E.2d 597 (1990).

        {¶ 20}       In this case, the trial court’s decision to impose consecutive prison sentences

was not unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Timberling has engaged in the same

pattern of conduct multiple times over the past ten years, and he has continued to cause

Jacaruso to fear for her safety. At the sentencing hearing, the trial court expressed its concern
                                                                                           8


regarding Timberling’s criminal history and explained why it decided to impose consecutive

sentences. The trial court stated that:

                [T]his is the third time you have appeared before me for essentially the

       same type of conduct, the same victim and, in the past, the same outcomes.

       The first time you were in front of this Court you received an 18-month prison

       sentence. The second time you were in front of this Court you received a

       nine-month prison sentence, and now you’re before this Court a third time for

       essentially the same conduct, certainly the same offense for which you were

       sent to prison the previous time.

       ***

                The Court finds that these sentences should be served consecutively

       pursuant to R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) because the Court finds that consecutive

       sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime from you, to

       punish you, and that they are not disproportionate to the seriousness of your

       conduct and the danger that you pose to the public, including Ms. Jacaruso.

                The Court also finds that your history of criminal conduct demonstrates

       that consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime

       by the offender.

                As such, the Court will order that all four counts be served

       consecutively for a total effective sentence of 36 months [calculation later

       corrected on the record to 42 months]. Transcript of Sentencing, p. 26 and

       29-31.
                                                                                           9


         {¶ 21}    The record demonstrates that the trial court decided to impose consecutive

sentences due to Timberling’s criminal history and recidivism. The trial court reasoned that

this was necessary to protect the public and to punish Timberling. We find that the trial

court’s reasoning is sound, and that its decision is not unreasonable, arbitrary or

unconscionable.

         {¶ 22}    For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s imposition of consecutive prison

sentences was not an abuse of discretion.

         {¶ 23}    The First Assignment of Error is overruled.

  III. The Trial Court’s Decision to Deny a Second Psychological Report Was Not an

                                      Abuse of Discretion

         {¶ 24}    Timberling’s Second Assignment of Error states that:

                  The trial court’s denial of a psychological report under R.C.

         2947.06(B) was an abuse of discretion.

         {¶ 25} Under this assignment of error, Timberling argues that a second psychological

report, which a court may require when sentencing under R.C. 2947.06(B), would have helped

the trial court understand his thought process and his reasons for violating the protection

order.    Timberling argues that a psychological report was crucial in determining an

appropriate prison sentence, and it was therefore an abuse of discretion for the trial court to

deny his request to have a second report prepared and considered. We disagree.

         {¶ 26}    Pursuant to R.C. 2947.06(B), “[t]he court may appoint not more than two

psychologists or psychiatrists to make any reports concerning the defendant that the court

requires for the purpose of determining the disposition of the case.” R.C. 2947.06(B) is not a
                                                                                          10


mandatory statute because “[i]t employs the word ‘may,’ which is ‘generally construed to

render optional, permissive, or discretionary the provision in which it is embodied * * *.’ ”

State v. Taylor, 114 Ohio App.3d 416, 423, 683 N.E.2d 367 (2d Dist. 1996), quoting State ex

rel. City of Niles v. Bernard, 53 Ohio St.2d 31, 34, 372 N.E.2d 339 (1978).    Because the trial

court’s decision to implement a psychological report is discretionary, the decision is reviewed

under an abuse of discretion standard. As previously discussed, the trial court’s decision

must be “unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable” to be considered an abuse of discretion.

AAAA Enterprises, Inc., 50 Ohio St.3d at 161, 553 N.E.2d 597.

       {¶ 27}    In this case, the trial court’s decision to deny Timberling’s request for a

second psychological report was not unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable. The first

psychological report, which was allegedly erroneous, was not considered by the trial court, and

a second one was deemed unnecessary. Denying the request for a second report was not

unreasonable because there is nothing in the record indicating that Timberling suffered from

mental health issues that may have affected his behavior. There is also nothing in the record

indicating that Timberling was receiving any mental health treatment. At the sentencing

hearing, Timberling explained to the court his feelings for Jacaruso and why he contacted her.

 His explanation adequately informed the trial court of his reasons for violating the protection

order, and it did not require clarification by a psychologist.

       {¶ 28}    For the foregoing reasons, we find that a psychological report was not crucial

to determining an appropriate sentence, and it was not unreasonable, arbitrary or

unconscionable for the trial court to deny Timberling’s request to have a second one prepared.

 Accordingly, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying Timberling’s request for a
                                                                                      11


psychological report under R.C. 2947.06(B).

       {¶ 29}    The Second Assignment of Error is overruled.

                                       IV. Conclusion

       {¶ 30}    Having overruled both of Charles A. Timberling, Jr.’s assignments of error,

we hereby affirm the judgment of the trial court.

                                        .............

FAIN, P.J. and DONOVAN, J., concur.




Copies mailed to:

Nathaniel R. Luken
Melissa Replogle
Hon. Stephen Wolaver
