                    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                   No. 17-2106
                            Filed September 26, 2018


IN RE THE MARRIAGE OF JEFF MICHAEL HOCKEMEYER
AND RENAE HOCKEMEYER

Upon the Petition of
JEFF MICHAEL HOCKEMEYER,
      Petitioner-Appellant,

And Concerning
RENAE HOCKEMEYER,
     Respondent-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________


       Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Grundy County, Joel A. Dalrymple,

Judge.



       A father appeals the physical care determination of a dissolution decree.

AFFIRMED.



       Barry S. Kaplan and C. Aron Vaughn of Kaplan & Frese, LLP, Marshalltown,

for appellant.

       John J. Wood and Kate B. Mitchell of Beecher, Field, Walker, Morris,

Hoffman & Johnson, PC, Waterloo, for appellee.



       Heard by Vogel, P.J., Tabor, J., and Carr, S.J.*

       *Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 (2018).
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CARR, Senior Judge.

      Jeff Hockemeyer appeals the physical care provision of the decree

dissolving his marriage with Renae Hockemeyer. Jeff claims the district court

should not have granted Renae physical care of the child.

      I.     Background Facts & Proceedings

      Jeff and Renae Hockemeyer met in 2007 in Kansas City, Missouri.         After

Jeff was laid off following closure of the construction office for which he worked,

the two moved together to Jeff’s hometown of Grundy Center in February 2008.

They married in 2011, and had one child, M.J.H., in 2013. During the marriage the

parties resided in Grundy Center.

      In May 2016, the parties separated, with Jeff moving out of the marital

home. In July, Jeff filed a petition for dissolution of the marriage. The parties

reached an agreement to share care of M.J.H. The marital home was foreclosed

on following the closing of Renae’s clothing store in 2016.

      Jeff has worked on the family farm eight miles northeast of Grundy Center

since 2008 with his father and brother. Jeff’s family is close, with Jeff’s parents

and brothers living in the Grundy Center area and Des Moines. Jeff has been

living eight miles south of town with a roommate, but plans to move into Grundy

Center.

      At the time of trial, Renae worked part time for Cambrian Granite & Stone

in Cedar Falls and hoped to move to full time soon. In August 2017, Renae moved

to Cedar Falls, twenty-seven miles northeast of Grundy Center, where she lives in

a duplex house. She enrolled M.J.H. in daycare in Cedar Falls. Renae is close to
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her family, who live in Nebraska and Colorado. Renae assured the court she

planned stay in the area to maintain M.J.H.’s relationship with her father.

       During the marriage, Renae acted as primary caretaker for M.J.H. Renae

scheduled doctor appointments, signed M.J.H. up for extracurricular activities, and

was the one getting M.J.H. ready for the day. When M.J.H. would get sick, it was

usually Renae staying home and taking M.J.H. to doctor appointments. Jeff would

step in and help with care when needed, was involved in M.J.H.’s day-to-day life,

and shared in household chores. Renae and Jeff consider each other to be good

parents.

       The district court entered its dissolution decree on December 5. The parties

agreed to joint legal custody.      The court found Renae was M.J.H.’s primary

caregiver but noted Jeff was hands-on and active in raising M.J.H. The court noted

if the parties lived closer together it would have ordered joint physical care, but

found the distance between the residences and M.J.H.’s eventual school district

made “shared physical placement . . . too troublesome and onerous upon the

child.”1 The court granted physical care to Renae with visitation for Jeff. Jeff filed

a motion to amend and enlarge requesting joint physical care if he were to move

northeast of the family farm closer to Cedar Falls, which the court denied.

       Jeff appeals, seeking physical care or joint physical care of M.J.H.

       II.    Standard of Review

       In an appeal from the dissolution of a marriage, we engage in de novo

review. In re Marriage of McDermott, 827 N.W.2d 671, 676 (Iowa 2013). We give


1
  Jeff and Renae live approximately thirty-five miles apart in separate school districts.
The Hockemeyer farm, Jeff’s place of employment, is twenty miles from Cedar Falls.
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weight to the district court’s factual findings, though they are not binding on us. In

re Marriage of Schenkelberg, 824 N.W.2d 481, 484 (Iowa 2012).

       III.   Custody

       Jeff appeals the district court’s decision granting physical care to Renae.

Jeff seeks physical care, claiming M.J.H.’s emotional, social, and educational

needs are best served by staying in the community she has grown up in

surrounded by Jeff’s family. Alternatively, Jeff seeks joint physical care.

       In disputes about physical care, our primary consideration is the best

interests of the children. In re Marriage of Murphy, 592 N.W.2d 681, 683 (Iowa

1999). “The goal is to place the child in the care of the parent who is best able to

minster to the child’s long-term best interests.” Ruden v. Peach, 904 N.W.2d 410,

414 (Iowa Ct. App. 2017). Iowa Code section 598.41(3) (2017) specifies factors

to be considered in determining custody arrangements.           We also consider a

number of other factors, including who has historically cared for the children, the

ability of the parents to communicate and be respectful, the degree of conflict

between the parents, and how much the parents generally agree about their

approach to daily matters. In re Marriage of Berning, 745 N.W.2d 90, 92 (Iowa Ct.

App. 2007). Our core objective, in considering the factors, is to place the children

in the environment most likely to bring them to healthy physical, mental, and social

maturity. See In re Marriage of Hansen, 733 N.W.2d 683, 695 (Iowa 2007).

Although we are not bound by them, we give weight to the trial court’s assessment

of credibility, as it is greatly helped in making a wise decision by listening to the

parties testify in person, while we only review a written record. Iowa R. App. P.

6.904(3)(g); In re Marriage of Vrban, 359 N.W.2d 420, 423–24, (Iowa 1984).
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       The district court held both parents are suitable custodians. We agree.

Both parents clearly love M.J.H. and would be suitable caretakers. Each is able

to bring M.J.H. to healthy physical, mental, and social maturity. Each has been

active in M.J.H.’s life and cared for her before and since the separation. Like the

district court, we find the parents would be good candidates for joint physical care.

However, Jeff testified he did not think shared physical care would work with M.J.H.

in daycare and school in Cedar Falls while he lived in Grundy Center, and resisted

the possibility of relocating to Cedar Falls himself. Jeff was only interested in

shared care if M.J.H. attended Grundy Center schools. Jeff’s future plans for

M.J.H. centered exclusively on the child growing up in Grundy Center in the same

way he grew up, with little to no flexibility for M.J.H. to attend school elsewhere.

       We must decide custody based on the record at the time of trial, and based

on this record we find joint physical care will not work at this time. When joint

physical care is not feasible we must grant physical care to one parent and

visitation rights to the other. In re Marriage of Hynick, 727 N.W.2d 575, 579 (Iowa

2007). Courts typically afford weight to the parent who has acted as the child’s

primary caretaker. Ruden, 904 N.W.2d at 414–15.

       Renae demonstrated the ability and willingness to facilitate the relationship

between M.J.H. and Jeff, and has made efforts to maintain open communication

with Jeff. Jeff has been less consistent in his communication and responses to

Renae. Renae has been the primary caregiver for M.J.H. Jeff has a stable job

and a deep support network in Grundy Center. Renae has a more consistent daily

and weekly work schedule conducive to facilitating M.J.H.’s school, appointments,
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and extracurricular activities. Jeff’s schedule can be flexible during summer and

winter, but during busy season he has to work long hours and is less flexible.

       Both Jeff and Renae indicated Grundy Center did not have rental housing

available for their needs. Following the foreclosure of the marital home, Renae

moved to Cedar Falls to find suitable housing and employment, turning down more

distant employment opportunities to keep M.J.H. close to Jeff. Jeff did not indicate

a willingness to commute to Grundy Center from Cedar Falls so he could be closer

to M.J.H. and showed a strong tendency to rely on help from his family and friends

in taking care of M.J.H. Renae told the court that her primary concern was to be

a good parent to M.J.H. and to keep her close to her father.

       Overall, Renae indicated far greater flexibility and determination to maintain

the relationship between Jeff and M.J.H., while Jeff seemed intent on keeping

himself and M.J.H. in Grundy Center with his support network. We conclude, as

did the district court, the best interest of M.J.H. will be advanced by awarding

physical care to Renae, with substantial visitation for Jeff. We affirm the dissolution

decree.

       IV.    Appellate Attorney Fees

       Renae requests appellate attorney fees. The award of appellate attorney

fees is not a matter of right but instead rests in our discretion. In re Marriage of

McDermott, 827 N.W.2d 671, 687 (Iowa 2013). We consider “the needs of the

party seeking the award, the ability of the other party to pay, and the relative merits

of the appeal.” In re Marriage of Sullins, 715 N.W.2d 242, 255 (Iowa 2006) (quoting

In re Marriage of Okland, 699 N.W.2d 260, 270 (Iowa 2005)). “We also consider

whether a party was obligated to defend the district court’s decision.” Christy v.
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Lenz, 878 N.W.2d 461, 469 (Iowa Ct. App. 2016). After considering the parties’

positions, we find Jeff has the capacity to pay some attorney fees over time. We

award Renae $1500 in appellate attorney fees, to be paid by Jeff before December

31, 2018.

      AFFIRMED.
