                                                          [DO NOT PUBLISH]


             IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                      FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT                     FILED
                        ________________________         U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                                                           ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                                                               October 24, 2005
                              No. 04-15883                  THOMAS K. KAHN
                          Non-Argument Calendar                 CLERK
                        ________________________

                      D. C. Docket No. 03-00196-CV-2

FEILBERTO ROBERTO FLORES,



                                                           Petitioner-Appellant,

                                   versus

ROBERT MCFADDEN, Warden,

                                                         Respondent-Appellee.


                        ________________________

                 Appeal from the United States District Court
                    for the Southern District of Georgia
                      _________________________
                             (October 24, 2005)


Before ANDERSON, BIRCH and BARKETT, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

     Feilberto Roberto Flores, a pro se federal prisoner, appeals the district
court’s dismissal of his petition for a writ of habeas corpus, filed pursuant to 28

U.S.C. § 2241, in which he argued that he was sentenced based on charges that

were dismissed, his sentence was enhanced based on a nonexistent charge, and his

defense attorney and the prosecutor improperly colluded during his sentencing.

The district court found that 28 U.S.C. § 2255’s savings clause did not apply such

that he could raise his claims in § 2241 petition. On appeal, Flores argues that he

is “actually innocent” based on the claims described above.

      The availability of habeas relief under § 2241 presents a question of law that

we review de novo. Cook v. Wiley, 208 F.3d 1314, 1317 (11th Cir. 2000).

Typically, collateral attacks on the validity of a federal conviction or sentence must

be brought under § 2255. Sawyer v. Holder, 326 F.3d 1363, 1365 (11th Cir. 2003).

However, under limited circumstances, a provision of § 2255 permits a federal

prisoner to file a habeas petition pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241. See 28 U.S.C.

§§ 2241(a), 2255. That provision, known as the “savings clause,” provides that

      [a]n application for writ of habeas corpus in behalf of a prisoner who
      is authorized to apply for relief by motion pursuant to this section,
      shall not be entertained if it appears that the applicant has failed to
      apply for relief, by motion, to the court which sentenced him, or that
      such court has denied him relief, unless it also appears that the remedy
      by motion is inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of his
      detention.

28 U.S.C. § 2255. Accordingly, a court may entertain a § 2241 petition attacking



                                          2
custody resulting from a federally imposed sentence if the petitioner establishes

that the remedy provided for under § 2255 is inadequate or ineffective. See 28

U.S.C. § 2255.

      We have established that the savings clause only applies when (1) the

petitioner’s claim is based on a retroactively applicable Supreme Court decision;

(2) the holding of that decision established that the petitioner was convicted of a

“nonexistent offense”; and (3) “circuit law squarely foreclosed such a claim at the

time it otherwise should have been raised at the petitioner’s trial, appeal, or first

§ 2255 motion.” Wofford v. Scott, 177 F.3d 1236, 1244 (11th Cir. 1999); see also

Sawyer, 326 F.3d at 1365-66 (applying the three-part Wofford test). In order for a

prisoner to avail himself of the § 2241 remedy under Wofford, all three criteria

must be satisfied. As we have made clear, all three criteria will be met in only the

narrowest of circumstances. Wofford, 177 F.3d at 1244. A petitioner may not

argue actual innocence until he has “open[ed] the portal” to a § 2241 proceeding by

demonstrating that the savings clause applies to his claim. Id. at 1244 n.3.

      The district court did not err by dismissing Flores’s § 2241 petition. Flores

is precluded from seeking relief under § 2241 because § 2255’s savings clause

does not apply.     Flores has filed the present § 2241 petition in an effort to

circumvent the rules limiting the scope of successive § 2255 motions. Also, Flores



                                          3
cannot meet the first prong of the test in Wofford because he has not demonstrated

that his claim is based on a retroactively applicable Supreme Court decision, and

thus we need not address the remaining prongs. See Wofford, 177 F.3d at 1244-45.

       Flores also claims actual innocence. Because Flores is attempting to

circumvent § 2255’s prohibition against successive motions and because all of his

arguments for relief fail the Wofford test, we need not reach the issue of actual

innocence. Flores cannot establish actual innocence because he is unable to “open

a portal” to a § 2241 proceeding by establishing that the savings clause applies to

him.

       Upon a review of the record and upon consideration of the parties’ briefs, we

discern no reversible error.

       AFFIRMED.1




       1
          Moreover, Flores’s claims of actual innocence are merely conclusory and would, in any
event, be insufficient.

                                               4
