                                        2014 IL App (1st) 132009
                                              No. 1-13-2009
                                       Opinion filed August 13, 2014
                                                                       Third Division
     ______________________________________________________________________________

                                                  IN THE

                                   APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

                                             FIRST DISTRICT

     ______________________________________________________________________________

     In re MARRIAGE OF ELZBIETA LASOTA,         )
                                                     Appeal from the Circuit Court
                                                )
                                                     of Cook County.
           Petitioner-Appellee,                 )
                                                )
     and                                        )
                                                     No. 11 D 940
                                                )
     JANUSZ LUTEREK,                            )
                                                )
                                                     The Honorable
           Respondent-Appellant.                )
                                                     Debra B. Walker,
                                                )
                                                     Judge, presiding.
                                                )
                                                )
     ______________________________________________________________________________

            PRESIDING JUSTICE HYMAN delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
            Justices Neville and Mason concurred in the judgment and opinion.


                                                   OPINION

¶1          While Janusz Luterek ended his nine-year marriage to Elzbieta Lasota by obtaining a

     judgment in Poland where the couple married, that was far from the conclusion of their

     dissolution proceedings, which took place in Illinois, where they had resettled before their

     marriage broke down. After the Polish court judgment was registered in Cook County, Elzbieta

     sought her share of the martial property and an award of temporary maintenance and attorney

     fees, all issues unaddressed by the Polish court. Janusz argued, however, that the court in Poland
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     and not the circuit court in Cook County had jurisdiction to deal with the marriage, and, in any

     event, res judicata barred Elzbieta's petition. The circuit court rejected Janusz's contentions and

     held that under the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act (the Act) (750 ILCS 5/101

     et seq. (West 2012)), jurisdiction existed here because Janusz had not served Elzbieta with

     process and Elzbieta had not made a general appearance before the court in Poland. The circuit

     court then ordered Janusz to pay Elzbieta temporary maintenance and interim attorney fees and

     held him in civil contempt when he failed to comply.

¶2          Janusz seeks reversal of the order of civil contempt as void due to the circuit court's

     erroneous determination that Elzbieta had not appeared before the Polish court. The record,

     however, supports a finding that in addition to never having been served process, Elizbieta at no

     time submitted herself to the jurisdiction of the Polish court for purposes of the divorce.

     Therefore, we affirm.

¶3                                           BACKGROUND

¶4          Elzbieta Lasota married Janusz Luterek on July 8, 2000, in Lublin, Poland. During their

     marriage, the parties, who did not have children, bought a home and moved to Inverness, Illinois.

     On August 27, 2007, Janusz filed a petition for dissolution of marriage in Cook County. Janusz

     voluntarily dismissed the petition in September 2007, and in April 2008, filed a petition for

     dissolution of marriage in Lublin, Poland.       On May 2, 2008, Elzbieta filed a petition for

     dissolution of marriage in Cook County. On March 24, 2009, the Cook County circuit court

     dismissed Elzbieta's marital dissolution petition on the basis that Janusz's petition was still

     pending in Poland.

¶5          On September 8, 2009, the court in Lublin entered a judgment for dissolution of the

     parties' marriage. The judgment did not address the division of the parties' real estate and other


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     assets or the issues of maintenance, debts, or other financial issues. On January 31, 2011,

     Elzbieta filed a petition to register the Polish judgment in Cook County. Janusz filed a motion to

     dismiss alleging, in part, that the circuit court lacked jurisdiction to hear Elzbieta's petition. On

     March 10, 2011, after a hearing, the circuit court denied Janusz's motion to dismiss Elzbieta's

     petition and the Polish judgment for dissolution of marriage was registered in the Cook County

     circuit court. Elzbieta claimed the marital assets included $380,000 she transferred from a bank

     account in Poland to bank accounts in Illinois controlled by Janusz, as well as the marital home

     and real estate Janusz purchased with money from their joint bank accounts.

¶6          On April 1, 2011, Elzbieta filed a petition in the circuit court requesting disposition of the

     parties' marital property under section 503(d) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/503(d) (West 2012)).

     Section 503(d) permits the circuit court to dispose of marital property "following dissolution of

     marriage by a court which lacked personal jurisdiction over the absent spouse or lacked

     jurisdiction to dispose of the property." Id. Thus, the circuit court's authority to dispose of the

     parties' marital property depended on its finding that the Polish court lacked jurisdiction over

     Elzbieta.

¶7          On May 16, 2011, Janusz filed a motion to dismiss Elzbieta's petition for disposition of

     marital property. Janusz alleged in count I that the circuit court lacked jurisdiction under section

     2-619(a)(1) of the Illinois Code of Civil Procedure (the Code) (735 ILCS 5/2-619(a)(1) (West

     2012)), because the parties were divorced in Poland not Illinois, and the order registering the

     Polish judgment did not confer jurisdiction under section 503(d) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/503(d)

     (West 2012)) on the circuit court to dispose of marital property. In count II, Janusz sought to bar

     Elzbieta's petition by "other affirmative matter" under section 2-619(a)(9) of the Code (735 ILCS

     5/2-619(a)(9) (West 2012)), including a postnuptial agreement the parties executed that


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     delineates the parties' interests in the marital assets under Polish law and Elzbieta's participation

     in the Polish divorce proceeding. In count III, Janusz sought to bar Elzbieta's petition under

     section 2-619(a)(3) of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-619(a)(3) (West 2012)), because on December

     10, 2008, she filed in the Polish court a "petition to obtain payment," which is still pending and

     involves the same funds she now claims in the petition she filed in Cook County.

¶8          On September 16, 2011, the circuit court, after hearing arguments, dismissed counts II

     and III but found the evidence insufficient to rule on count I, alleging lack of jurisdiction. The

     court noted that under section 503(d) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/503(d) (West 2012)), the court had

     subject matter jurisdiction to dispose of marital property if the Polish court lacked either personal

     jurisdiction over Elzbieta or jurisdiction to dispose of the property. The court gave the parties 60

     days to submit additional and relevant documents relating to the Polish dissolution of marriage

     proceedings and memorandums regarding the Polish court's personal jurisdiction over Elzbieta.

¶9          On March 16, 2012, having considered the supplemental evidence, the circuit court

     issued a well-reasoned memorandum and order denying the remaining count I of Janusz's motion

     to dismiss. The circuit court determined under the doctrine of comity to follow the laws of

     Illinois because they provided greater due process safeguards than the laws of Poland. The

     circuit court concluded that the Polish court did not have personal jurisdiction over Elzbieta

     because she had not been properly served with Janusz's petition for dissolution of marriage under

     section 2-203(a) of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-203(a) (West 2012)) and no evidence in the record

     indicated that Elzbieta filed an appearance or the equivalent of an appearance in the Polish

     dissolution of marriage proceeding. The court also found that none of the documents submitted

     by Janusz, including answers to interrogatories and transcripts from proceedings in which

     Elzbieta and her Polish attorney did not appear or in which Elzbieta's Polish attorney sought to


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       suspend the proceeding, showed that Elzbieta submitted to the jurisdiction of the Polish court or

       waived her objection to personal jurisdiction under section 2-301(a-5) of the Code (735 ILCS

       5/2-301(a-5) (West 2012)). Thus, the court found it had subject matter jurisdiction under section

       503(d) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/503(d) (West 2012)) to rule on her petition.

¶ 10           On April 4, 2012, Janusz moved for reconsideration. He attached to his motion a

       document entitled "Respondent's Motion and Answer to Petition" from the Polish proceeding.

       According to Janusz's motion, a translation of the petition (a translation Elzbieta disputed)

       showed that Elzbieta, through her Polish attorney, asked for dissolution of marriage due to the

       exclusive fault of Janusz and for attorney fees. Janusz contended that this document established

       that Elzbieta consented to the Polish court's jurisdiction and deprived the circuit court of

       jurisdiction.

¶ 11           The circuit court first noted that Janusz failed to cite legal authority for his motion to

       reconsider, which offered grounds for striking it sua sponte. Instead, the court opted to address

       the merits of the motion under section 2-1203(a) of the Code, which permits a party, within 30

       days of the entry of a judgment in a nonjury case, to file a motion for a rehearing or retrial or a

       modification or vacation of the judgment. 735 ILCS 5/2-1203(a) (West 2012). The court

       determined that it could not consider the petition attached to the motion, purported to be

       Elzbieta's consent to the dissolution of her marriage in Poland, because Janusz failed to exercise

       due diligence in obtaining the document and providing it to the court before the March 16, 2012,

       ruling. The circuit court stated further that even if Janusz had exercised due diligence in

       producing Elzbieta's response, it would not have changed the court's ruling—"[t]he document as

       translated by Janusz (which Elzbieta argues is an inaccurate translation) contains multiple




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       statements which indicate Elzbieta objected to the Polish court's jurisdiction over the dissolution

       of marriage proceedings." Thus, the circuit court denied the motion to reconsider.

¶ 12          On October 23, 2011, Elzbieta filed a petition seeking temporary maintenance under

       section 504(a) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/504(a) (West 2012)), and interim and prospective attorney

       fees under sections 501(c-1) and 508(a) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/501(c-1), 508(a) (West 2012)).

       On August 10, 2012, Janusz moved to dismiss Elzbieta's petition, again arguing that the Polish

       judgment was final in all respects and that under the principle of res judicata, the circuit court

       lacked jurisdiction to grant the temporary relief requested.

¶ 13          On September 14, 2012, the circuit court amended its order to include its jurisdiction to

       award both temporary maintenance and interim attorney fees. The court noted that section 504

       permits the circuit court to award temporary or permanent maintenance "following dissolution of

       the marriage by a court which lacked personal jurisdiction." 750 ILCS 5/504(a) (West 2012).

       Based on its earlier finding that the Polish court lacked jurisdiction over Elzbieta, the circuit

       court held it likewise had jurisdiction to award temporary maintenance. The same reasoning

       applied to awarding interim attorney fees under section 508(a), which permits an award for the

       maintenance or defense of any proceeding under the Act. 750 ILCS 5/508(a) (West 2012).

¶ 14          On April 26, 2013, after an evidentiary hearing, the circuit court ordered Janusz to pay

       Elzbieta $30,000 in attorney fees and monthly maintenance in the amount of $1,500 plus $1,000

       per month toward the $27,000 retroactive judgment entered in Elzbieta's favor, commencing on

       May 1, 2013. On May 29, 2013, after Janusz failed to pay Elzbieta the monthly and retroactive

       maintenance on May 1, the circuit court held Janusz in civil contempt.

¶ 15          On June 5, 2013, Janusz filed a notice of appeal from the circuit court's March 16, 2012,

       order denying his motion to dismiss Elzbieta's petition for disposition of property, the July 13,


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       2012, order denying Janusz's motion to reconsider, the September 14, 2012, order finding it had

       jurisdiction to award temporary maintenance and interim attorney fees, and the May 29, 2013,

       order holding him in civil contempt. On June 24, the circuit court approved a $30,000 appeal

       bond and directed the money be held by the Cook County circuit court clerk until the end of the

       appeal. The court also awarded Elzbieta $17,500 in appellate attorney fees but stayed the

       payment pending the mandate of the appellate court.

¶ 16                                              ANALYSIS

¶ 17                                         Personal Jurisdiction

¶ 18          The circuit court's authority to dispose of the parties' marital property, to order Janusz to

       pay maintenance and attorney fees, and to hold him in contempt for disobeying its order is

       governed by sections 503(d) and 504(a) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/503(d), 504(a) (West 2012)) and

       turns, here, on the circuit court's finding the Polish court without jurisdiction over Elzbieta when

       it entered its judgment dissolving the parties' marriage. Section 503(d) provides,

                   "[i]n a proceeding for disposition of property following dissolution of marriage by a

                   court which lacked personal jurisdiction over the absent spouse or lacked jurisdiction

                   to dispose of the property, the court shall assign each spouse's non-marital property to

                   that spouse.   It also shall divide the marital property without regard to marital

                   misconduct in just proportions considering all relevant factors ***."        (Emphasis

                   added.) 750 ILCS 5/503(d) (West 2012).


¶ 19          Section 504(a) similarly states:

                   "In a proceeding *** for maintenance following dissolution of the marriage by a court

                   which lacked personal jurisdiction over the absent spouse, the court may grant a



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                   temporary or permanent maintenance award for either spouse in amounts and for

                   periods of time as the court deems just ***." 750 ILCS 5/504(a) (West 2012).

¶ 20           According to Janusz, the circuit court erred in finding it had personal jurisdiction under

       sections 503(d) and 504(a) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/503(d), 504(a) (West 2012)) to grant the relief

       requested by Elzbieta. Although Janusz concedes that Elzbieta was not properly served under

       section 2-203 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-203 (West 2012)), he maintains she generally appeared

       and participated in the Polish proceeding to such an extent that she submitted herself to the

       Polish court's jurisdiction. Janusz points to powers of attorney Elzbieta gave two Polish lawyers

       to represent her, the pleadings those lawyers filed on her behalf, and a transcript from a

       September 8, 2009 hearing in Poland in which Elzbieta allegedly consented to an uncontested

       dissolution of marriage and agreed that each party should pay his or her own attorney fees.

       Janusz contends Elzbieta's participation in the Polish proceeding through her attorneys

       constitutes a submission to jurisdiction and forfeiture of her right to later contest personal

       jurisdiction.   He cites several Illinois decisions indicating that a party waives objection to

       personal jurisdiction by participating in a proceeding and, thereby, acknowledging the case. See,

       e.g., In re Marriage of Gorman, 284 Ill. App. 3d 171, 178 (1996) (finding that circuit court had

       personal jurisdiction in dissolution action over wife who was not served with a summons but

       who recognized and participated in the case by signing and returning the forms necessary to the

       dissolution of marriage proceedings, including the judgment and settlement agreement). He asks

       for reversal of the denial of his motion to dismiss Elzbieta's petition, the order granting her

       temporary maintenance and attorney fees, and the order holding him in contempt.

¶ 21           When the trial court bases its decision regarding personal jurisdiction over a party solely

       on documentary evidence, we review a trial court's dismissal for lack of personal jurisdiction de


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       novo. McNally v. Morrison, 408 Ill. App. 3d 248, 254 (2011). But when the trial court conducts

       an evidentiary hearing and hears testimony on jurisdictional issues, as here, a manifest weight of

       the evidence standard has historically been applied. Madison Miracle Productions, LLC v. MGM

       Distribution Co., 2012 IL App (1st) 112334, ¶ 33. Under this standard, this court should reverse

       a trial court's determination “only when the opposite conclusion is clearly evident or where the

       factual findings upon which it is based are unreasonable, arbitrary, or not based on the evidence.”

       1350 Lake Shore Associates v. Randall, 401 Ill. App. 3d 96, 102 (2010).

¶ 22          We disagree that Elzbieta submitted to the jurisdiction of the Polish court. That Elzbieta,

       who resided in Illinois, hired Polish attorneys and signed powers of attorney allowing an

       appearance on her behalf does not alone establish her participation in the Polish proceeding or

       her consent to the Polish court's jurisdiction. A party can hire an attorney to appear solely to

       object to a court's jurisdiction. See 735 ILCS 5/2-301(a) (West 2012) ("Prior to the filing of any

       other pleading or motion other than a motion for an extension of time to answer or otherwise

       appear, a party may object to the court's jurisdiction over the party's person, either on the ground

       that the party is not amenable to process of a court of this State or on the ground of insufficiency

       of process or insufficiency of service of process, by filing a motion to dismiss the entire

       proceeding or any cause of action involved in the proceeding or by filing a motion to quash

       service of process.").

¶ 23          Further, the documents considered by the circuit court were either discovery documents

       which, under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 201(l) (eff. July 1, 2014), do not constitute waiver of

       that party's objection to the court's jurisdiction or transcripts and documents that do not show

       Elzbieta submitted to Polish jurisdiction. For instance, Janusz submitted an order from the

       Polish court that denied Elzbieta's motion to suspend proceedings and found it had jurisdiction


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       and an order that denied her request to reconsider its prior finding that it had jurisdiction to hear

       the dissolution proceeding. As the circuit court observed, these orders demonstrate that the

       jurisdiction of the Polish court was a matter of dispute between the parties. Thus, we agree with

       the circuit court that the materials from the Polish proceeding show that Elzbieta objected to the

       Polish court's jurisdiction and did not acquiesce or otherwise submit herself to its jurisdiction.

¶ 24          Accordingly, the circuit court did not err in finding the Polish court lacked jurisdiction

       over Elzbieta in the dissolution proceeding. Moreover, its finding of jurisdiction under section

       503(d) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/503(d) (West 2012)) to hear Elzbieta's petition to dispose of the

       marital property and award temporary maintenance and interim attorney fees under sections

       504(a) and 501(c-1) and 508(a) of the Act (750 ILCS 5/504(a), 501(c-1), 508(a) (West 2012))

       was not against the manifest weight of the evidence.

¶ 25                                    Denial of Motion to Reconsider

¶ 26          Janusz next contends the circuit court erred in treating his motion to reconsider the court's

       March 16, 2012, order as a section 2-1203 motion and in refusing to consider Elzbieta's response

       to his petition for dissolution of marriage on the ground that he failed to exercise due diligence in

       producing the document. As noted, the circuit court found that Janusz had failed to cite any legal

       authority for his motion and decided that instead of striking the motion, it would consider the

       motion under section 2-1203 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-1203 (West 2012)).

¶ 27          Janusz asserts the March 16, 2012, order denying his motion to dismiss was an

       interlocutory order and not a judgment and thus the circuit court erred in relying on section 2-

       1203 in denying his motion to reconsider. See Mund v. Brown, 393 Ill. App. 3d 994, 996 (2009)

       (denial of motion to dismiss is not final and appealable order under Illinois Supreme Court Rule

       307 (eff. Feb. 26, 2010) but mere interlocutory order)).


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¶ 28          A motion to reconsider brings to the trial court's attention newly discovered evidence not

       available at the time of the first hearing, changes in the law, or errors in the previous application

       of existing law to the facts. River Village I, LLC v. Central Insurance Cos., 396 Ill. App. 3d 480,

       492 (2009). A trial court is well within its discretion to deny the motion and ignore its contents

       when the motion contains material that was available before the hearing but never presented.

       Weidner v. Midcon Corp., 328 Ill. App. 3d 1056, 1061-62 (2002). Litigants should not be

       allowed “to stand mute, lose a motion, and then frantically gather evidentiary material to show

       that the court erred in its ruling.” Gardner v. Navistar International Transportation Corp., 213

       Ill. App. 3d 242, 248 (1991). Rather, “the interests of finality and efficiency require that the trial

       courts not consider such late-tendered evidentiary material, no matter what the contents thereof

       may be.” (Emphasis in original.) Id. at 248-49. Generally, the denial of a motion to reconsider

       is reviewed de novo. River Village I, LLC, 396 Ill. App. 3d. at 492. But where the denial is

       based on new matters, such as additional facts that were not previously presented during the

       course of proceedings leading to the order being challenged, we employ an abuse of discretion

       standard of review. Id.

¶ 29          The circuit court did not abuse its discretion in denying Janusz's motion to reconsider and

       in the process was justified in opting not to consider the new evidence. As the circuit court

       noted, Elzbieta's petition for disposition of property was filed on April 1, 2011, and the circuit

       court did not rule on Janusz's motion to dismiss for almost a year, giving him ample time to

       produce that document. In a September 16, 2011 order, the circuit court specifically asked the

       parties to provide the court with original and translated copies of all documents filed or

       submitted to the Polish court related to the Polish dissolution proceedings. Janusz produced

       numerous documents but did not produce Elzbieta's response, without providing a reason why


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       that document was not produced. Given that Janusz filed the dissolution of marriage petition in

       Poland and participated in the proceeding, the circuit court could reasonably conclude that

       Janusz should have been able to produce a translated copy of Elzbieta's response along with the

       other documents he provided, particularly given its claimed significance to the issue of

       jurisdiction. Thus, because the document relied on by Janusz in his motion to reconsider was

       available to him at the time the circuit court ruled on his motion to dismiss, the court did not

       abuse its discretion in refusing to consider it.

¶ 30           Further, we agree with the circuit court that even if the Elzbieta's response was taken into

       consideration, it would not provide grounds for reversing the denial of Janusz's motion to

       dismiss. Although Janusz contends the document demonstrates that Elzbieta submitted to the

       jurisdiction of the Polish court, when read in its entirety, the response shows her continued

       objection to the Polish court's jurisdiction, stating that "a dissolution of marriage granted by a

       court in Poland would be against the law" and that because both parties last place of residence

       was in Inverness, Illinois, "the Lublin court is not the proper venue to hear this case."

       Throughout the duration of the Polish proceeding, Elzbieta, through her attorneys, objected to the

       jurisdiction of the Polish court. She continued to object in this pleading, and the circuit court did

       not err in finding that the document cannot be considered conclusive evidence showing she

       submitted herself to the Polish court's jurisdiction. Thus, the circuit court did not abuse its

       discretion in denying Janusz's motion to reconsider.

¶ 31                                            Contempt Finding

¶ 32           Janusz contends that based on the lack of jurisdiction of the circuit court, the contempt

       order entered was void and must be reversed. But having had jurisdiction under sections 504(a),

       501(c-1), and 508(a) (750 ILCS 5/504(a), 501(c-1), 508(a) (West 2012)) to award temporary


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       maintenance and interim attorney fees, we find it did not err in holding Janusz in contempt when

       he failed to comply with the order.

¶ 33                                            CONCLUSION

¶ 34          The orders of the circuit court are affirmed in all respects.

¶ 35          Affirmed.




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