                                                                                             Filed
                                                                                       Washington State
                                                                                       Court of Appeals
                                                                                        Division Two

                                                                                        May 27, 2020



IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

                                       DIVISION II
    In the Matter of                                                  No. 54340-1-II
    the Personal Restraint of



    CHRISTOPHER LEE COBB,                                       UNPUBLISHED OPINION


                                  Petitioner.



          MAXA, J.—Christopher Cobb seeks relief from personal restraint imposed as a

result of his 2016 conviction for two counts of unlawful possession of a controlled

substance with intent to deliver and one count of first degree unlawful possession of a

firearm.1 We deny Cobb’s petition.

          First, Cobb argues that the affidavit in support of the search warrant for a Dodge

Charger relating to his convictions did not meet the Aguilar-Spinelli2 test of establishing

both the credibility of a confidential informant (C/I) and the C/I’s basis of knowledge.

State v. Jackson, 102 Wn.2d 432, 437, 688 P.2d 136 (1984). He asserts that the only




1
 We issued the mandate of Cobb’s direct appeal on November 27, 2018, making his
November 20, 2019 petition timely filed. RCW 10.73.090(1) and (3)(b).
2
 Aguilar v. Texas, 378 U.S. 108, 84 S. Ct. 1509, 12 L. Ed. 2d 723 (1964), and Spinelli v.
United States, 393 U.S. 410, 89 S. Ct. 584, 21 L. Ed. 2d 637 (1969).
54340-1-II


statement by the affiant, Deputy Kory Shaffer, in support of the warrant for the Charger

was: “A confidential reliable informant agreed to work with the Pierce County Sheriff’s

Department. In order to establish his/her credibility, the C/I made a ‘reliability’ buy of

narcotics.” Petition, Exhibit B at 4.

       But Cobb fails to mention that the affiant provided detailed information regarding

the “reliability buy” and regarding the use of the same C/I for a prior search warrant for

Cobb’s Impala:

       After becoming a reliable confidential informant, the C/I has provided
       information that has led to several Superior Court search warrants. These
       warrants have resulted in numerous arrests, the recovery of narcotics and
       firearms. These cases were filed and charged resulting in convictions.
       ....

       Over the course of this investigation, with the C/I under the control of the
       Pierce County Sheriff’s Department Special Investigations Unit, we have
       made numerous controlled buys of methamphetamine from Christopher
       Cobb. The C/I had been searched before and after the buys. No money or
       narcotics were located. These controlled buys involved Christopher Cobb
       driving a 2016 Chevy Impala, bearing Washington license AXD-7310,
       registered to EAN Holdings LLC. The C/I told me Christopher Cobb
       carries his narcotics in a brown back pack.
       ....

       Within a few minutes of the C/I arriving I observed a black Chevy Impala,
       bearing Washington license AXD-7310, arrive and park. The vehicle was
       occupied by one black male and I was able to see it was Christopher Cobb.
       Within a few minutes the C/I got out of the vehicle. The Chevy Impala
       then left the parking lot.

       While under constant surveillance I contacted the C/I. The C/I turned over
       the suspected methamphetamine. The C/I was searched. No money or
       narcotics were located. The C/I told me he/she handed Christopher the
       money and Christopher retrieved the methamphetamine from the brown
       back pack and then handed him/her the methamphetamine.

Petition, Exhibit B at 4-7.




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54340-1-II


       This evidence is sufficient to establish both the confidential informant’s reliability

and his basis for knowledge.

       Second, Cobb argues that the trial court violated his right to confrontation by

allowing Deputy Shaffer to testify about the C/I’s statements without the court revealing

the identity of the C/I, so he could cross-examine the informant. But Deputy Shaffer did

not testify about any statements the C/I made to her before or after the controlled buy. At

most, Deputy Shaffer testified that in controlled buys by confidential informants, the

confidential informant has made contact with a suspect who agreed to sell narcotics to the

informant. While that testimony could imply that the C/I here stated to Deputy Shaffer

that he/she had arranged the transaction with Cobb, it is not an out-of-court testimonial

statement that would trigger Cobb’s right of confrontation.

       And even if the statement did violate Cobb’s right of confrontation, he did not

object to the statement at trial. The unchallenged admission of the statement is not

manifest constitutional error that can be raised for the first time on appeal. See State v.

Grott, 195 Wn.2d 256, 269, 458 P.3d 750 (2020).

       Cobb’s reliance on State v. Kinzle, 181 Wn. App. 774, 326 P.3d 870 (2014) is

misplaced. In that case, the State avoided asking a witness about alleged molestation, or

about prior statements the witness had made, thereby leaving the defendant no testimony

to confront, and so violated the defendant’s right of confrontation. Id. at 780-84. Here,

the State did not avoid asking Deputy Shaffer about the C/I’s statements about the

controlled buy. Cobb seems to suggest that the State was required to identify the C/I and

make him/her available for cross-examination. But he does not demonstrate any such

requirement to preserve his right of confrontation.




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54340-1-II


        Cobb does not show any grounds for relief from personal restraint. We therefore

deny his petition and his request for appointment of counsel.

        A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the

Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW

2.06.040, it is so ordered.



                                                     MAXA, J.


 We concur:



 SUTTON, A.C.J.




 GLASGOW, J.




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