                                                        NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 ___________

                                       No. 11-2095
                                       ___________

                                 HOWARD GORRELL,
                                          Appellant
                                       v.

                        COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY

                     On Appeal from the United States District Court
                         for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
                         (D.C. Civil Action No. 3-07-cv-02247)
                        District Judge: Honorable Malcolm Muir
                      ____________________________________

                   Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                   October 19, 2011
               Before: RENDELL, FUENTES and WEIS, Circuit Judges
                   (Opinion filed: October 28, 2011)
                                    ___________

                                        OPINION
                                       ___________

PER CURIAM.

              Howard Gorrell appeals from a final order of the District Court affirming

the Commissioner of Social Security‟s (“Commissioner”) decision to deny Gorrell‟s

application for disability insurance benefits. Gorrell raises two issues on appeal: (1) the

District Court abused its discretion by denying Gorrell‟s request for court-appointed

counsel, and (2) the District Court erred by denying Gorrell‟s motion for an order to show

cause. After a careful review of the record, we will affirm.
                                             I.

              The parties are familiar with the background, and thus we merely

summarize for purposes of addressing the issues on appeal. Gorrell, who was born in

1944, applied for disability insurance benefits in 1995 and was found to be disabled due

to deafness. Gorrell continued to work thereafter. In 2004, the Social Security

Administration issued notice that Gorrell‟s disability had ended due to substantial gainful

employment activity, and it sought to recoup overpaid benefits. After a hearing in 2006,

an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) determined that Gorrell had been overpaid

$24,364 in benefits due to his work activity. In 2007, the Appeals Council denied

review.

              Gorrell appealed to the District Court and was granted leave to proceed in

forma pauperis. He moved for an appointment of counsel under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(1),

which the Magistrate Judge denied. The Commissioner then moved to remand the case

due to an inability to locate a recording of the merits hearing before the ALJ, noting that,

if the recording was not found, the Appeals Council would remand for a de novo hearing.

On September 8, 2008, the District Court granted the Commissioner‟s motion to remand.

              On August 20, 2010, Gorrell filed a motion in the District Court for an

order to show cause as to why the Commissioner had failed to arrange for a de novo

hearing. Shortly thereafter, the Commissioner moved to reopen the case, explaining that

the administrative record was now complete. The District Court granted the motion to

reopen, and the Commissioner filed an answer to the complaint along with a transcript of
                                              2
the full administrative record. Gorrell moved for reconsideration of the order denying his

motion for appointment of counsel, which the District Court denied.

              Gorrell then moved for summary judgment, arguing that the Social Security

Act violates his right to equal protection because blind individuals are entitled to earn

more than non-blind individuals while still receiving disability benefits. Construing

Gorrell‟s motion for summary judgment as a brief in support of his appeal, and after full

briefing from both parties, the District Court entered judgment for the Commissioner and

affirmed the decision to deny benefits. The District Court also denied Gorrell‟s pending

motions, including his motion for an order to show cause. Gorrell timely filed this

appeal.

                                             II.

              We have appellate jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. As mentioned,

Gorrell has chosen to limit the issues on appeal to the denial of his motion for

appointment of counsel and the denial of motion for an order to show cause. Because

Gorrell does not raise a challenge to the District Court‟s affirmance of the denial of

benefits, including its decision to reject Gorrell‟s equal protection argument, we deem

those issues waived and do not address them. See, e.g., New Jersey v. Merrill Lynch &

Co., 640 F.3d 545, 547 n.3 (3d Cir. 2011) (“Failure to set forth an issue on appeal and

present arguments in support of that issue in one‟s opening brief generally amounts to

„abandon[ment] and waive[r of] that issue . . . and it need not be addressed by the court of

appeals.‟”) (quoting Kost v. Kozakiewicz, 1 F.3d 176, 182 (3d Cir. 1993)).
                                              3
              A district court “may request an attorney to represent any person unable to

afford counsel.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(1). Civil litigants “have no statutory right to

appointed counsel,” Tabron v. Grace, 6 F.3d 147, 153 (3d Cir. 1993), but § 1915(e)(1)

“gives district courts broad discretion to request an attorney to represent an indigent civil

litigant.” Id. In addressing a request for court-appointed counsel, a district court first

should consider whether the plaintiff‟s claims have merit. Parham v. Johnson, 126 F.3d

454, 457 (3d Cir. 1997). If so, the district court should consider: “(1) the plaintiff‟s

ability to present his or her own case; (2) the complexity of the legal issues; (3) the

degree to which factual investigation will be necessary and the ability of the plaintiff to

pursue such investigation; (4) the amount a case is likely to turn on credibility

determinations; (5) whether the case will require the testimony of expert witnesses; [and]

(6) whether the plaintiff can attain and afford counsel on his own behalf.” Id. We review

a decision to deny counsel under § 1915(e)(1) for abuse of discretion. Id.

              The Magistrate Judge considered the above-mentioned factors and denied

Gorrell‟s motion, explaining as follows:

              In this case, [Gorrell] concedes that “he seems capable of
              presenting his own case based on his numerous filings with
              state courts in Delaware, Maryland and Pennsylvania, federal
              courts in Delaware and Maryland and federal investigative
              agencies since 1996.” [Gorrell] further admits that he is
              literate and educated, that he has access to a legal research
              system, (i.e., Lexis Nexis), and that he is a “devoted „Civil
              Gideon‟ advocate.” [Gorrell] indicates that he has “excellent
              research skill.” He indicates that there is no issue with
              respect to credibility determinations in his case, that he is
              capable of acquiring and compiling the factual information
                                              4
              for his case in a logical and organized fashion, and that his
              case will not require any expert testimony. [Gorrell]‟s main
              concern appears to be that his deafness prevents him from
              communicating orally and prevents him from interviewing or
              examining witnesses. However, because this is an action
              pursuant to [42 U.S.C.] § 405(g), it is a record review for
              which only written submissions will be required. There will
              be no need to communicate orally with either the court or
              witnesses. [Gorrell]‟s secondary concern is apparently the
              complexity of the issues in this case. However, the issues in
              this action are not overly complex. The court finds that given
              the leeway afforded pro se litigants and the quality of the
              submissions of [Gorrell] thus far, there is no need for the
              appointment of counsel.

Docket # 12 at 3-4.

              Gorrell contends that, because other district courts had appointed counsel to

represent him in unrelated prior suits, it was error not to appoint counsel here. He further

contends that: the District Court was “too quick” to deny his motion for reconsideration

of the order refusing appointed counsel;1 he was unable to locate an attorney through his

own extensive efforts; the issues are complex; and there are “exceptional circumstances”

because Gorrell believes that no lawyer practicing in the Middle District of Pennsylvania

has the expertise to handle a disability overpayment case.2

              We have carefully considered Gorrell‟s arguments, but we cannot conclude


1
  Gorrell moved for reconsideration on November 17, 2010, and the District Court
entered an order denying the motion the next day. The District Court then sua sponte
revisited Gorrell‟s motion for reconsideration in its final order, and it again concluded
that counsel was properly denied. See Docket # 46 at 16-17.
2
 This Court does not require litigants to show “exceptional circumstances” to obtain
court-appointed counsel. Tabron, 6 F.3d at 155.
                                             5
that the District Court abused its discretion. “An abuse of discretion arises when the

district court‟s decision rests upon a clearly erroneous finding of fact, an errant

conclusion of law or an improper application of law to fact.” Morgan v. Perry, 142 F.3d

670, 682 (3d Cir. 1998) (quotation marks omitted). “[A]n abuse of discretion [also] can

occur when no reasonable person would adopt the district court‟s view.” Rode v.

Dellarciprete, 892 F.2d 1177, 1182 (3d Cir. 1990). We will not disturb an exercise of

discretion “unless there is a definite and firm conviction that the court below committed a

clear error of judgment in the conclusion it reached upon a weighing of the relevant

factors.” Hanover Potato Prods., Inc. v. Shalala, 989 F.2d 123, 127 (3d Cir. 1993)

(quotation marks omitted).

              Gorrell points to no erroneous factual determination or conclusion of law,

and we are satisfied that the Magistrate Judge thoughtfully weighed the relevant Tabron

factors. While Gorrell believes that he would have benefitted from the services of a

lawyer, the record reflects that Gorrell ably, albeit unsuccessfully, briefed and presented

his cause pro se. Moreover, Gorrell has made no showing that his deafness in any way

prejudiced his ability to represent his interests before the District Court. Although other

courts have chosen in the past, within their own discretion, to appoint counsel for Gorrell

in unrelated suits, that fact does not suggest that the District Court here was under a

compulsion to appoint counsel after considering the particular circumstances of this case.

Nor do we discern error in the speed with which the District Court denied Gorrell‟s

motion for reconsideration, as the substance of the District Court‟s decision reveals no
                                              6
error in its reasoning. In sum, while we acknowledge Gorrell‟s evident frustration in

failing to locate counsel willing to represent him, we conclude that the District Court

acted within its broad discretion in refusing to appoint a lawyer to represent Gorrell.

              Gorrell next contends that the Commissioner waited too long between

remand of his case to the agency (September 8, 2008) and moving to reopen after

completion of the administrative record (September 1, 2010). As a result, Gorrell

contends, the District Court should have granted his motion for an order to show cause to

compel the Commissioner to arrange for a de novo merits hearing before the ALJ.

Gorrell suggests that the District Court erred because it “did not rule on” his motion for

an order to show cause, Appellant‟s Br. at 17,3 and he argues that the Commissioner

failed to comply with a requirement to advise the district court within a reasonable period

of time that the remanded proceedings had concluded.

              We agree with the Commissioner that the issue of a de novo hearing before

the ALJ became moot once a recording of the original hearing was located. At that point,

there was no need for the District Court to enter a show cause order regarding a potential

remand because there was no cause to remand for a de novo hearing. Gorrell cites no

evidence that he suffered prejudice due to the manner in which his case was reopened

after completion of the administrative record. The delay of almost two years between

remand and reopening of this case is unexplained on the record before us, and such a

3
  The record is clear that the District Court expressly denied Gorrell‟s motion for an order
to show cause, see Docket # 46 at 16, and thus we reject any claim of error based on a
failure to rule on the motion.
                                             7
lengthy lapse of time seems difficult to comprehend when the only issue to be resolved

on remand was whether a recording of the hearing before the ALJ could be located.

Nevertheless, the delay here did not warrant a de novo hearing once it was clear that the

Commissioner had located the missing recording. We therefore discern no error in the

District Court‟s denial of Gorrell‟s motion for an order to show cause.

                                           III.

              We have considered Gorrell‟s remaining contentions, including those

presented in his reply brief, but we find them without merit and in need of no separate

discussion. For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the District Court‟s judgment.




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