                             NOT FOR PUBLICATION                       FILED
                   UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       AUG 7 2020
                                                                    MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                     U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                             FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

HERIBERTO RAYMUNDO,                            No.   11-73062
                                                     19-70680
               Petitioner,
                                               Agency No. A095-001-318
 v.

WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General,             MEMORANDUM*

               Respondent.

                    On Petition for Review of an Order of the
                        Board of Immigration Appeals

                             Submitted August 5, 2020**


Before: HAWKINS, GRABER, and CLIFTON, Circuit Judges.

      Heriberto Raymundo, a native and citizen of El Salvador, seeks review of the

Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) order dismissing his appeal from an

immigration judge’s (“IJ”) denial of his applications for asylum, withholding of

removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”), as well as



      *
          This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
         The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without
oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
the BIA’s order denying his motion to reopen. Raymundo claims that gang members

have threatened and harmed his relatives and that he will face similar persecution if

removed. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252, and we deny the petitions.

      Substantial evidence supports the agency’s determination1 that Raymundo

failed to file his asylum application “within a reasonable period” of either his

“extraordinary circumstance” of losing Temporary Protected Status (“TPS”) or his

“changed circumstance” of learning that gangs in El Salvador had threatened and

harmed    some     of   his   relatives.       See   8   U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(D);    8

C.F.R. § 1208.4(a)(4)–(5); Al Ramahi v. Holder, 725 F.3d 1133, 1138 (9th Cir.

2013) (reviewing “reasonable period” determination for substantial evidence).2

Notwithstanding any limitation that the Notice to Appear (“NTA”) might have

placed on his ability to apply for asylum, he has not accounted for the approximately




      1
       The BIA expressly incorporated the IJ’s opinion as to this issue. Our review
accordingly includes the IJ’s corresponding findings. Gui v. INS, 280 F.3d 1217,
1225 (9th Cir. 2002).
      2
         Although 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(3) limits our review of decisions involving
those exceptions, the law of our circuit permits us to review the application of those
exceptions here because the underlying facts are undisputed. See Al Ramahi, 725
F.3d at 1137–38 (“[W]e may review the BIA’s application of the changed or
extraordinary circumstances exception when the historical facts are undisputed.”
(citation and footnote omitted)).


                                           2
eight months between his TPS’s expiration and the NTA’s issuance.3 See Al Ramahi,

725 F.3d at 1135, 1138–40 (crediting delays exceeding six months as evidence of

untimeliness).   Similarly, the more recent 2008 incident does not explain

Raymundo’s eight-month delay in applying for asylum because the incidents alleged

by Petitioner began as early as 2003. See id.

      Substantial evidence also supports the agency’s finding that Raymundo failed

to demonstrate probable persecution attributable to a protected ground.4 See 8

U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(A); 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(b); Flores-Vega v. Barr, 932 F.3d 878,

886 (9th Cir. 2019) (reviewing denial of withholding for substantial evidence).

Raymundo claims no past persecution. The record does show that gangs targeted

certain members of Raymundo’s family to extort money or expand influence. Yet

it also suggests that other family members, including his brother Francisco, have not

been targeted.5 See Santos-Lemus v. Mukasey, 542 F.3d 738, 743–44 (9th Cir. 2008)

(crediting family member’s continued safety as substantial evidence against fear of



      3
       Raymundo argues that the BIA erred in saying his TPS lapsed “sometime in
2007” instead of specifying a date. But the IJ had already found that Raymundo’s
TPS expired “on or about July 25, 2007,” which he does not attempt to dispute.
      4
      We assume but express no opinion as to Raymundo’s argument that family
membership places him in a cognizable social group.
      5
         Raymundo additionally testified that his brother, who had experienced
threats as a school principal in rural El Salvador, has not experienced any further
problems after relocating himself and his family to San Salvador.

                                         3
persecution), abrogated on other grounds by Henriquez-Rivas v. Holder, 707 F.3d

1081, 1093 (9th Cir. 2013) (en banc). And he gives us no reason to question the

agency’s finding that his opposition to gangs is not a protectable political opinion.

See id. at 744–46 (rejecting “young men in El Salvador resisting gang violence” as

cognizable group).

      Similar considerations support the agency’s denial of CAT relief. While the

evidence of deficient judicial protections and rampant police corruption in El

Salvador is undeniable, we cannot disregard the lack of prior torture, the absence of

threats of future torture, the successful evasion of gang violence by some of

Raymundo’s family members, or efforts by the Salvadoran government to address,

however imperfectly, the gang violence he ultimately fears. See Cole v. Holder, 659

F.3d 762, 771 (9th Cir. 2011) (requiring government awareness of torture, plus either

willful blindness or idleness attributable to inability or unwillingness, to support

“acquiescence”).

       Finally, the BIA did not abuse its discretion in denying Raymundo’s motion

to reopen, filed nearly six years after the final order of removal, as untimely. See 8

U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(a), (c); Tadevosyan v. Holder, 743 F.3d

1250, 1252–53 (9th Cir. 2014) (reviewing denial of motion to reopen for “abuse of

discretion”). The record does not suggest a material change in country conditions in

El Salvador particular to Raymundo or his family, but rather a continuation of


                                          4
longstanding gang violence afflicting much of Salvadoran society.           See 8

C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(3)(ii); Najmabadi v. Holder, 597 F.3d 983, 988–90 (9th Cir.

2010) (finding new country condition evidence too indistinct and unparticular to be

material). And we see scant support for Raymundo’s contention that the BIA failed

to consider the evidence he submitted. See Najmabadi, 597 F.3d at 991 (stating that

the BIA need not “directly reference” all evidence presented).

      PETITIONS DENIED.




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