                                                                                                Filed
                                                                                          Washington State
                                                                                          Court of Appeals
                                                                                           Division Two

                                                                                           January 7, 2020




    IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

                                         DIVISION II
 ZBIGNIEW M. LASKOWSKI,                                              No. 53064-3-II

                                Appellant,

         v.

 WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF
 LABOR AND INDUSTRIES,
                                                               UNPUBLISHED OPINION
                                Respondent.

       WORSWICK, J. — Zbigniew Laskowski appeals the superior court’s order affirming a

Board of Industrial Insurance Appeals (Board) decision that the Department of Labor and

Industries properly calculated Laskowski’s workers’ compensation disability benefits, which

included an offset for social security disability benefits. Laskowski lists 35 assignments of error,

but the only apprehensible arguments are whether Laskowski is entitled to annual time loss

compensation cost of living adjustments (COLAs) and whether the Department relied on an

incorrect effective date for his social security benefit offset. We hold that the superior court’s

order affirming the Board’s decision was proper and affirm.
No. 53064-3-II



                                              FACTS

         Laskowski sustained an industrial injury on January 5, 2006. The Department allowed

his workers’ compensation claim and paid Laskowski time loss compensation benefits until

February 1, 2008. The Department awarded Laskowski a partial permanent disability award and

closed his claim on April 17, 2008. The Department reopened Laskowski’s claim in 2010.

         In August 2009, the Department received notice that Laskowski was receiving social

security benefits in the amount of $867 per month. When a worker receives time loss

compensation and social security disability payments for the same period of time, the

Department must reduce the worker’s time-loss compensation. RCW 51.32.220(1). On

November 2, 2011, the Department notified Laskowski that it intended to offset the amount of

time loss compensation benefits it paid him based on his receipt of social security disability

benefits. The Department informed Laskowski that although the adjusted rate was effective as of

September 1, 2009—when it received notice of Laskowski’s social security benefits, the adjusted

rate would not be implemented until December 1, 2011, as required by statute.1 The Department

also notified Laskowski that an overpayment had occurred and would be recovered for the period




1
    RCW 51.32.220(2) provides:

         Any reduction under subsection (1) of this section shall be effective the month
         following the month in which the department . . . is notified by the federal social
         security administration that the person is receiving disability benefits . . . :
         PROVIDED, That in the event of an overpayment of benefits the department . . .
         may not recover more than the overpayments for the six months immediately
         preceding the date the department . . . notifies the worker that an overpayment has
         occurred.



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No. 53064-3-II



of June 4, 2011 through November 30, 2011, but that Laskowski could not be charged any

overpayment for the period from September 1, 2009 through June 3, 2011.

       The Department initially calculated Laskowski’s compensation rate at $2,109.25 per

month. Laskowski appealed the Department’s order to the Board, which the Board affirmed.

Laskowski appealed the Board’s order to the superior court, and the superior court directed the

Department to include additional wages Laskowski earned in 2006 in its calculation of

Laskowski’s wages.

       On remand, the Department issued an order on February 17, 2015, recalculating

Laskowski’s compensation rate at $2,479.46 per month, based on his monthly social security

disability benefits of $867.00 and 80 percent of his highest year’s earnings, which the

Department calculated to be $50,196.90 for 2006.

       Laskowski appealed the Department’s February 17 order to the Board, arguing that the

Department failed to properly apply the State’s annual COLAs to his compensation rate. The

Board affirmed the Department’s order, and Laskowski petitioned the superior court for review

of the Board’s August 2016 order. The superior court concluded that Laskowski’s compensation

rate was correct because the Department correctly calculated the offset to be applied to

Laskowski’s workers’ compensation benefits based on his receipt of social security benefits.

Accordingly, the superior court affirmed the Department’s order.

       Laskowski sought direct review by our Supreme Court of the superior court’s order. The

Supreme Court transferred the case to this court.




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No. 53064-3-II



                                             ANALYSIS

          In his opening brief, Laskowski lists 35 assignments of error, of which 28 pertain to the

Board’s August 2016 order, which we do not review. See RCW 51.52.140. Many of

Laskowski’s arguments are difficult to discern and are inadequately briefed.2 And we will not

consider claims unsupported by references to the record or citation to authority. See Cowiche

Canyon Conservancy v. Bosley, 118 Wn.2d 801, 809, 828 P.2d 549 (1992); RAP 10.3.

Accordingly, the only questions properly before us are whether the superior court erred by

concluding that the Department properly calculated the amount of Laskowski’s workers’

compensation disability benefits after applying the social security offset, and whether the

superior court erred by concluding that the Department used the correct effective date of that

offset. We hold that the superior court’s decision was correct.

                                       I. STANDARD OF REVIEW

          Our review of the superior court decision is governed by RCW 51.52.140. Unlike a

typical appeal governed by the Administrative Procedure Act, chapter 34.05 RCW, in an appeal



2
    The entirety of Laskowski’s argument section in his opening brief states:

          The argument narrows to three elements:
                 1.  The date of the first calculation on November 02, 2011, not September
                     01, 2009, authorized by 42 U.S.C. 424a (7)(8), RCW 51.32.225(2) and
                     RCW 51.32.220.
                 2.  In assessing overpayment compliance with RCW 51.32.240(b) was
                     abolished.
                 3.  The Court should use calculation of benefits presented by Appellant
                     in the absence of the alternative.

Br. of Appellant 19-20.



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No. 53064-3-II



governed by the Industrial Insurance Act, Title 51 RCW, we do not sit in the same position as the

superior court. Rogers v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 151 Wn. App. 174, 180, 210 P.3d 355 (2009).

Instead, we review the superior court’s decision by determining “‘whether substantial evidence

supports the [superior] court’s factual findings and then review, de novo, whether the [superior]

court’s conclusions of law flow from the findings.’” Rogers, 151 Wn. App. at 180 (quoting

Watson v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 133 Wn. App. 903, 909, 138 P.3d 177 (2006)). We review

the record in the light most favorable to the party who prevailed in superior court. Rogers, 151

Wn. App at 180.

                           II. SOCIAL SECURITY OFFSET & STATE COLAS

        Laskowski’s primary argument appears to be that the Department erred by failing to

apply State COLAs to his net workers’ compensation benefits after accounting for an offset of

his social security disability benefits. We disagree.

        The Social Security Act allows the federal government to reduce the amount of social

security disability benefits it pays to a worker under the age of 65 who also receives state

disability benefits. 42 U.S.C. § 424a. 42 U.S.C. § 424a(d) contains an exception to the general

offset rule: it allows for a “reverse offset” if a state passes enabling state legislation. Frazier v.

Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 101 Wn. App. 411, 416, 3 P.3d 221 (2000). Such enabling legislation

allows the worker to receive the full amount of social security benefits, but allows the state to

reduce the amount of time loss compensation paid to the worker. Frazier, 101 Wn. App. at 416.

Reverse offset provisions thus shift costs to the federal government. Harris v. Dep’t of Labor &




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No. 53064-3-II



Indus., 120 Wn.2d 461, 469, 843 P.2d 1056 (1993). The legislature passed RCW 51.32.220 and

RCW 51.32.225 in order to take advantage of this exception. Frazier, 101 Wn. App. at 416-17.

       RCW 51.32.220 requires that a claimant’s workers’ compensation disability benefits be

reduced by the amount that person receives in social security benefits, or by an amount

calculated under 42 U.S.C. § 424a, whichever is less. This reduction is referred to as a social

security offset. RCW 51.32.225. To calculate a claimant’s workers’ compensation disability

benefits under RCW 51.32.220, the Department considers three amounts as identified in 42

U.S.C. § 424a(a)(8). The first amount is the social security total family benefit amount that is

subject to offset. The second amount is the claimant’s time loss compensation rate before the

offset is applied. The third amount is 80 percent of the worker’s “average current earnings”

(ACE), which is the highest year’s earnings within the five years preceding the year in which the

worker became disabled. The offset is then subtracted from the highest of those three amounts.

       Laskowski does not dispute that his ACE figure was based on his 2006 wages, which

amounted to $50,196.90. As a result, his 80%-of-ACE figure amounted to $3,346.46 monthly.

Laskowski also does not dispute that his 80%-of-ACE figure was properly offset by the amount

of his monthly social security disability benefits payment—$867. After applying the offset to

Laskowski’s 80%-of-ACE figure, his monthly workers’ compensation disability benefits

amounted to $2,479.46.

       But Laskowski contends that the $2,479.46 figure should be subject to Washington State

COLAs. RCW 51.32.075 provides for annual adjustments to a claimant’s time loss

compensation rate effective July 1 of each year, based on the annual change to the average




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No. 53064-3-II



monthly wage in the state.3 These annual adjustments are referred to as COLAs. However,

under RCW 51.32.220, 42 U.S.C. § 424(a) controls the calculation of benefits for a claimant who

also receives social security disability benefits. And under 42 U.S.C. § 424(a), Laskowski’s

offset was calculated using his 80%-of-ACE figure and not by using his time loss compensation

rate. This is because the 80%-of-ACE figure was higher than the time loss compensation rate.4

42 U.S.C. § 424(a) does not provide for a present value adjustment to an ACE figure.5 Birgen v.

Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 186 Wn. App. 851, 859, 347 P.3d 503 (2015).

                               III. OFFSET IMPLEMENTATION DATE

         Laskowski also appears to argue that the Department improperly relied on September 1,

2009, as the effective date for his social security offset. He contends that the proper date is

November 2, 2011, which is when the Department notified him of the offset. This argument

misapprehends the date the Department implemented the offset.

         RCW 51.32.220(2) provides that an offset becomes effective the month after the month

in which the Department learns that the claimant is receiving social security benefits. But this



3
    RCW 51.32.075(4) contains an exception for 2011, during which no COLA applied.
4
  As of September 1, 2009, Laskowski’s time loss compensation rate before the offset amounted
to $2,976.25, and his ACE figure was $3,346.46. A Department witness testified before the
Board that between 2011—when the offset was implemented—and 2015, Laskowski’s 80%-of-
ACE figure remained higher than his time loss compensation rate even after accounting for the
State COLAs.
5
  42 U.S.C. § 424a(f) does require a triennial redetermination of the amount of a worker’s
benefits subject to an offset. In 2015, a triennial redetermination of Laskowski’s ACE figure
increased his ACE by $212.66. In his opening brief, Laskowski comments that this increase was
made “without any explanation.” Br. of Appellant at 17. But a Department witness testified
before the Board that Laskowski’s benefits increased in 2015 due to a triennial redetermination.


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No. 53064-3-II



does not mean that the Department is necessarily entitled to recoup an overpayment from the

effective date. If an overpayment has occurred, the Department may recover the overpayment

for only the six months preceding the date on which the Department notifies the claimant that an

overpayment has occurred. RCW 51.32.220(2).

       Here, the Department properly relied on September 1, 2009, as the effective date for the

social security offset because that is the date it learned Laskowski was receiving social security

benefits. However, the Department did not implement the offset or begin to recover

overpayment until December 1, 2011, thus Laskowski’s argument fails.

       Accordingly, we affirm the superior court.

       A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the

Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW

2.06.040, it is so ordered.



                                                                    Worswick, P.J.
 We concur:



 Sutton, J.




 Cruser, J.




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