MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                    FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any                           Apr 15 2020, 8:40 am

court except for the purpose of establishing                             CLERK
                                                                     Indiana Supreme Court
the defense of res judicata, collateral                                 Court of Appeals
                                                                          and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.


ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                    ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Ronald J. Moore                                           Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
The Moore Law Firm, LLC                                   Attorney General of Indiana
Richmond, Indiana
                                                          Marjorie Lawyer-Smith
                                                          Deputy Attorney General
                                                          Indianapolis, Indiana



                                            IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In Re: The Matter of the                                  April 15, 2020
Termination of the Parent-Child                           Court of Appeals Case No.
Relationship of L.H. (Minor                               19A-JT-2603
Child);                                                   Appeal from the Randolph Circuit
D.H. (Father),                                            Court
                                                          The Honorable Jay L. Toney,
Appellant-Respondent,
                                                          Judge
        v.                                                Trial Court Cause No.
                                                          68C01-1905-JT-70
The Indiana Department of
Child Services,
Appellee-Petitioner.



Pyle, Judge


Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-2603 | April 15, 2020               Page 1 of 11
                                         Statement of the Case
[1]   D.H. (“Father”) appeals the termination of the parent-child relationship with

      his son, L.H., (“L.H.”), claiming that the Department of Child Services

      (“DCS”) failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence that: (1) there is a

      reasonable probability that the conditions that resulted in L.H.’s removal will

      not be remedied; (2) termination is in L.H.’s best interests; and (3) adoption is a

      satisfactory plan for L.H.’s care and treatment. Concluding that there is

      sufficient evidence to support the trial court’s decision to terminate the parent-

      child relationship, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.1


[2]   We affirm.


                                                        Issue
              Whether there is sufficient evidence to support the termination of
              the parent-child relationship.


                                                       Facts
[3]   The evidence and reasonable inferences that support the judgment reveal that

      L.H. was born in August 2013. DCS removed L.H. from his home in October

      2016 and placed him in foster care with his maternal uncle’s family because of

      his parents’ substance abuse and domestic violence.




      1
       L.H.’s mother (“Mother”) voluntarily relinquished her parental rights in January 2019, and she is not a
      party to this appeal.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-2603 | April 15, 2020                  Page 2 of 11
[4]   In November 2016, the trial court adjudicated L.H. to be a child in need of

      services (“CHINS”). In a December 2016 dispositional decree, the trial court

      ordered Father to: (1) abstain from the use of illegal drugs; (2) complete a

      substance abuse assessment; (3) complete a parenting assessment; (4) maintain

      stable and suitable housing; (5) participate in supervised visitation; and (6)

      submit to random drug screens.


[5]   After Father failed to comply with the dispositional decree, in May 2019, DCS

      filed a petition to terminate Father’s parental relationship with L.H. At the

      termination hearing, Father, who was incarcerated, admitted that: (1) his drug

      screens during the course of the proceedings had been positive for

      methamphetamine and amphetamines; (2) he had never completed a parenting

      assessment; (3) he had never completed a substance abuse assessment; (4) he

      had been arrested several times during the pendency of the proceedings and

      charged with multiple offenses such as maintaining a common nuisance

      (controlled substances), possession of paraphernalia, possession of

      methamphetamine, unlawful possession of syringes, driving while suspended,

      and battery with bodily injury where the victim was L.H.’s foster father; (5) he

      had pled guilty to many of these offenses; and (6) he had absconded from work

      release and been missing for three months during the pendency of the

      proceedings. The only court-ordered service that Father had completed was

      supervised visitation from January until March 2017. The trial court suspended

      visitation in March 2017 because of Father’s positive drug screens and ordered

      that visitation would not resume until Father had three negative drug screens.


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-2603 | April 15, 2020   Page 3 of 11
      Father was never able to do so and, at the time of the termination hearing, had

      not seen L.H. since March 2017. Father also admitted that he had neither

      stable housing nor employment.


[6]   During the hearing, when DCS pointed out to Father that the case had gone on

      for nearly three years without Father following the CHINS dispositional order,

      Father responded that he did not know that there was a time limit on how long

      he had to do the services and that L.H was with family. Father believed that

      “the family would . . . want to keep – until we get our lives together, they would

      just keep him with them. You know, it ain’t like he’s in foster care[.]” (Tr. Vol.

      2 at 155). Father also explained that he had been participating in a Family

      Engagement program for several months while he was incarcerated and that

      when he was released from jail, he planned to abstain from the use of drugs,

      seek drug treatment, seek counseling, and attend NA meetings. Father’s

      earliest release date was January 2020.


[7]   Also at the hearing, DCS Family Case Manager Courtney Tanner (“FCM

      Tanner”) testified that the conditions that had led to L.H.’s removal had not

      been remedied. Specifically, she explained that “throughout the course of [her]

      involvement in the case . . . it seem[ed] like jail ha[d] been a repeat behavior,

      incarceration, drug use, and [they] just [had not] been able to have either parent

      participate in services that would show that they [were] able to . . .

      appropriately and safely parent [L.H.] (Tr. Vol. 2 at 85).




      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-2603 | April 15, 2020   Page 4 of 11
[8]    The evidence further revealed that when DCS placed L.H. with his foster

       parents, L.H. was behind on his immunizations and had significant dental

       problems. He was also reserved and shy. At the time of the termination

       hearing, L.H.’s medical and dental issues had been addressed, he had become

       involved in a church group, and his school had discussed moving him up to

       kindergarten ahead of schedule. In addition, after living with his foster parents

       for almost half of his life, L.H. does not remember Father and is bonded with

       his foster parents. According to FCM Tanner, L.H. was “very insistent that his

       placement is his parents.” (Tr. Vol. 2 at 94).


[9]    Also at the hearing, the child advocate, who had attended all court hearings

       involving the family, opined that the conditions that had led to L.H.’s removal

       had not been remedied. Specifically, the child advocate explained that “we

       continue to have a father that is incarcerated and when he’s been out, he has

       not done the services besides some visitation that has been ordered from the

       beginning of the case.” (Tr. Vol. 2 at 191). According to the child advocate,

       termination of Father’s parental rights and foster parent adoption was in L.H.’s

       best interests.


[10]   Children’s Bureau Case Manager Andrew Lykins (“Case Manager Lykins”)

       who had met with Father one hour per week at the jail since October 2018,

       testified that Father had been “fully engaged” and “completely open” with him.

       (Tr. Vol. 2 at 40, 41). According to Case Manager Lykins, Father had “gained

       perspective and insight regarding himself, [had] taken accountability for his

       actions, which led to this moment now, and [had] a desire to change that

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-2603 | April 15, 2020   Page 5 of 11
       behavior and heal those circumstances which led to the case.” (Tr. Vol. 2 at

       42). Case Manager Lykins, however, acknowledged that he did not have the

       ability to address or remedy the major issues involved in the CHINS case and

       that he had “no ability to ensure that [Father was] going to follow through on

       the resources [Lykins] gave him to help with substance abuse, anger issues,

       [and] community resources.” (Tr. Vol. 2 at 48).


[11]   Following the hearing, the trial court issued a detailed order terminating

       Father’s parental relationship with L.H. Father now appeals.


                                                    Decision
[12]   Father argues that there is insufficient evidence to support the termination of his

       parental rights. The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

       protects the traditional right of parents to establish a home and raise their

       children. In re K.T.K., 989 N.E.2d 1225, 1230 (Ind. 2013). However, the law

       provides for termination of that right when parents are unwilling or unable to

       meet their parental responsibilities. In re Bester, 839 N.E.2d 143, 147 (Ind.

       2005). The purpose of terminating parental rights is not to punish the parents

       but to protect their children. In re L.S., 717 N.E.2d 204, 208 (Ind. Ct. App.

       1999), trans. denied.


[13]   When reviewing the termination of parental rights, we will not weigh the

       evidence or judge the credibility of the witnesses. K.T.K., 989 N.E.2d at 1229.

       Rather, we consider only the evidence and reasonable inferences that support

       the judgment. Id. Where a trial court has entered findings of fact and

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-2603 | April 15, 2020   Page 6 of 11
       conclusions thereon, we will not set aside the trial court’s findings or judgment

       unless clearly erroneous. Id. (citing Ind. Trial Rule 52(A)). In determining

       whether the court’s decision to terminate the parent-child relationship is clearly

       erroneous, we review the trial court’s judgment to determine whether the

       evidence clearly and convincingly supports the findings and the findings clearly

       and convincingly support the judgment. Id. at 1229-30.


[14]   A petition to terminate parental rights must allege:


               (B) that one (1) of the following is true:

                        (i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions
                        that resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for
                        placement outside the home of the parents will not be
                        remedied.

                        (ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation
                        of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-
                        being of the child.

                        (iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been
                        adjudicated a child in need of services;

               (C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and

               (D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of
               the child.

       IND. CODE § 31-35-2-4(b)(2). DCS must prove the alleged circumstances by

       clear and convincing evidence. K.T.K., 989 N.E.2d at 1231.


[15]   Here, Father argues that there is insufficient evidence to support the

       termination of his parental rights. Specifically, he first contends that the


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-2603 | April 15, 2020   Page 7 of 11
       evidence is insufficient to show that there is a reasonable probability that the

       conditions that resulted in L.H.’s removal will not be remedied. In determining

       whether the conditions that resulted in a child’s removal or placement outside

       the home will not be remedied, we engage in a two-step analysis. In re E.M., 4

       N.E.3d 636, 643 (Ind. 2014). We first identify the conditions that led to

       removal or placement outside the home and then determine whether there is a

       reasonable probability that those conditions will not be remedied. Id. The

       second step requires trial courts to judge a parent’s fitness at the time of the

       termination proceeding, taking into consideration evidence of changed

       conditions and balancing any recent improvements against habitual patterns of

       conduct to determine whether there is a substantial probability of future neglect

       or deprivation. Id. Habitual conduct may include parents’ prior criminal

       history, drug and alcohol abuse, history of neglect, failure to provide support,

       and a lack of adequate housing and employment. A.D.S. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child

       Servs., 987 N.E.2d 1150, 1157 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013), trans. denied. The trial court

       may also consider services offered to the parent by DCS and the parent’s

       response to those services as evidence of whether conditions will be remedied.

       Id. Requiring trial courts to give due regard to changed conditions does not

       preclude them from finding that a parent’s past behavior is the best predictor of

       his future behavior. E.M., 4 N.E.3d at 643.


[16]   Here, our review of the evidence reveals that L.H., who was adjudicated to be a

       CHINS in November 2016, was removed from the home because of his parents’

       drug use and domestic violence. The evidence at the termination hearing


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-2603 | April 15, 2020   Page 8 of 11
       revealed that Father had not successfully completed any of the court ordered

       services. Specifically, he had continued to use drugs throughout the

       proceedings and had lost his supervised visits with L.H. because of his drug use.

       Father had never completed substance abuse or parenting assessments. At the

       time of the termination hearing, Father was incarcerated and had no job or

       housing. This evidence supports the trial court’s conclusion that there was a

       reasonable probability that the conditions that resulted in L.H.’s placement

       outside the home would not be remedied. We find no error. To the extent that

       Father highlights his “[diligent work] with Fatherhood Engagement services,”

       (Father’s Br. at 8), we note that the trial court was well within its discretion to

       “disregard the efforts [Father] made only shortly before termination and to

       weigh more heavily [Father]'s history of conduct prior to those efforts.” In re

       K.T.K., 989 N.E.2d at 1234.


[17]   Father also argues that there is insufficient evidence that the termination is in

       L.H.’s best interests. In determining whether termination of parental rights is in

       the best interests of a child, the trial court is required to look at the totality of

       the evidence. In re D.D., 804 N.E.2d 258, 267 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans.

       denied. In so doing, the court must subordinate the interests of the parents to

       those of the child involved. Id. Termination of the parent-child relationship is

       proper where the child’s emotional and physical development is threatened. In

       re R.S., 774 N.E.2d 927, 930 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002), trans. denied. “‘A parent’s

       historical inability to provide adequate housing, stability and supervision

       coupled with a current inability to provide the same will support a finding that


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-2603 | April 15, 2020   Page 9 of 11
       continuation of the parent-child relationship is contrary to the child’s best

       interest.’” In re B.D.J., 728 N.E.2d 195, 203 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000) (quoting

       Matter of Adoption of D.V.H., 604 N.E.2d 634, 638 (Ind. Ct. App. 1992), trans.

       denied, superseded by rule on other grounds). Further, the testimony of the service

       providers may support a finding that termination is in the child’s best interests.

       McBride v. Monroe Cty. Office of Family and Children, 798 N.E.2d 185, 203 (Ind.

       Ct. App. 2003).


[18]   Here, the child advocate testified that termination of Father’s parental rights

       and foster parent adoption was in L.H.’s best interests. The testimony of child

       advocate, as well as the other evidence previously discussed, supports the trial

       court’s conclusion that termination was in L.H.’s best interests.


[19]   Father also argues that DCS does not have a satisfactory plan for L.H.’s care

       and treatment. This Court has previously explained that the plan for the care

       and treatment of the child need not be detailed, so long as it offers a general

       sense of the direction in which the child will be going after the parent-child

       relationship is terminated. In re A.S., 17 N.E.3d 994, 1007 (Ind. 2014). Here,

       the DCS caseworker testified that the plan for the care and treatment of L.H. is

       adoption. This is a satisfactory plan. See In re A.N.J., 690 N.E.2d 716, 722

       (Ind. Ct. App. 1997).


[20]   We reverse a termination of parental rights “only upon a showing of ‘clear

       error’—that which leaves us with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake

       has been made.” Egly v. Blackford Cty. Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 592 N.E.2d 1232,


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-2603 | April 15, 2020   Page 10 of 11
       1235 (Ind. 1992). We find no such error here and therefore affirm the trial

       court.


[21]   Affirmed.


       Bradford, C.J., and Baker, J., concur.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-2603 | April 15, 2020   Page 11 of 11
