                           UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                           FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

 IN RE APPLICATION FOR ACCESS TO                    No. 19-mc-44 (BAH)
 CERTAIN SEALED WARRANT
 MATERIALS                                          Chief Judge Beryl A. Howell



                         MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

       The Associated Press, Cable News Network, Inc., The New York Times Company,

POLITICO LLC, and WP Co., LLC, d/b/a the Washington Post (collectively, the “Media

Coalition”) request an order unsealing “warrants, applications, supporting affidavits, and returns

relating to all search, seizure or Stored Communications Act warrants” (“Warrant Materials”)

filed in this Court relevant to the prosecution of Michael D. Cohen, the former personal attorney

for President Donald Trump. See Media Coalition’s Mot. for Public Access to Certain Sealed

Warrant Materials (“Media Coalition’s Mot.”) at 1, ECF No. 1; Mem. Supp. Media Coalition’s

Mot. (“Media Coalition’s Mem.”) at 1, ECF No. 1-1. The government “does not oppose the

[Media Coalition’s] request for unsealing of the warrants, subject to those redactions necessary

to protect ongoing law enforcement matters and respect privacy concerns.” Gov’t’s Resp. to

Media Coalition’s Mot. (“Gov’t’s Resp.”) at 2, ECF No. 7. For his part, Cohen has interposed

no objection. For the reasons set out below, the Media Coalition’s Motion is granted.

I.     BACKGROUND

       Different warrant records, which were filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern

District of New York and related to Cohen’s prosecution, were unsealed earlier this year by that

court. See generally United States v. Cohen, 366 F. Supp. 3d 612 (S.D.N.Y. 2019); Order,

United States v. Cohen, No. 18-cr-602 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 18, 2019), ECF No. 42 (“Cohen Order”).

Those records refer to some of the Warrant Materials sought by the Media Coalition here. See


                                                1
Media Coalition’s Mem. at 3–4. Specifically, between July and November 2017, the Special

Counsel’s Office of the U.S. Department of Justice (“SCO”) obtained five search warrants,

pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §§ 2703(a), (b), and (c), in this Court, for emails and other content

information associated with various email accounts used by Cohen, in connection with the

SCO’s investigation of Russian interference into the 2016 Presidential election.

       The SCO subsequently referred aspects of its investigation of Cohen to the U.S.

Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York. Gov’t’s Resp. at 2. The U.S.

Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York then sought and obtained additional

search warrants related to Cohen, and, pursuant to those warrants, on April 9, 2018, the Federal

Bureau of Investigation “executed searches of Cohen’s residence, hotel room, office, safe deposit

box, cell phones, and electronic communications.” Cohen, 366 F. Supp. 3d at 618.

       A few months later, on August 21, 2018, Cohen pled guilty in the U.S. District Court for

the S.D.N.Y. to “five counts of tax evasion based on his failure to report over $ 4 million in

taxable income to the Internal Revenue Service, one count of making false statements to

financial institutions to obtain a $ 500,000 home equity line of credit, and two counts of

campaign finance violations based on his involvement with hush payments to women who

threatened to disclose details of their extra-marital affairs with a candidate for federal office.”

Id. Separately, on November 29, 2018, Cohen pled guilty in the same court to “one count of

making false statements to the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the House

Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence.” Id. at 618 n.1.

       After Cohen’s guilty pleas, a group of media organizations, some of which have joined

the instant motion, successfully sought in the S.D.N.Y. the unsealing of warrant materials filed in

that district, relating to the FBI’s April 9, 2018 searches. Id. at 618. Those warrant materials




                                                  2
were unsealed with redactions necessary to protect (1) the government’s ongoing investigation

“pertaining to or arising from Cohen’s campaign finance crimes,” id. at 623; (2) “the names of

the special agents who signed the search warrant applications and submitted supporting

affidavits,” id.; (3) “the paragraphs of the search warrant affidavits describing the agents’

experience or law enforcement techniques and procedures,” id.; (4) “the privacy interests of

uncharged third parties,” who may “be stigmatized from sensationalized and potentially out-of-

context insinuations of wrongdoing,” without the ability “to clear their names at trial,” id. at 625

(internal quotation marks and citation omitted); and (5) “the email addresses of Michael Cohen

and others, as well as Cohen’s phone numbers, apartment number, and safety deposit box

number,” Cohen Order at 1.

       The documents unsealed in the S.D.N.Y. referred to four of the five prior warrants

approved by this Court, docketed, under seal, at 17-mj-503, 17-mj-570, 17-mj-854, and 17-mj-

855, see Media Coalition’s Mem. at 3–4, which warrants were sought by the SCO as part of its

investigation into Russia’s attempts to influence the 2016 Presidential election. Thus, the Media

Coalition now seeks, pursuant to Local Criminal Rule 57.6, an order unsealing the Warrant

Materials, which include the four warrants referenced in the unsealed S.D.N.Y. documents and

“any other warrants issued in this District related to the Cohen prosecution that remain publicly

unknown.” Media Coalition’s Mem. at 8.

       As noted, the government “does not oppose” the Media Coalition’s request for unsealing,

but “requests that the Court authorize redactions consistent with those authorized . . . in the

SDNY litigation.” Gov’t’s Resp. at 4. The Media Coalition concurs in these redactions. See

Media Coalition’s Reply at 1, ECF No. 8 (“All that remains for the Court, then, is to determine

which, if any, redactions to the Warrant Materials are both narrowly tailored and necessary to




                                                  3
protect the Government’s asserted compelling interests in protecting the integrity of ongoing

investigations and shielding the identities of certain uncharged third parties.”); id. at 3 (“[T]his

Court should independently review the Government’s proposed redactions and determine which,

if any, are absolutely necessary to serve the interests asserted, as other courts presented with

these issues have done.” (citing Cohen, 366 F. Supp. 3d at 624)).

       Although Cohen was served with the Media Coalition’s Motion and given time to

respond, Cohen has neither appeared in this action nor otherwise objected to the requested

unsealing. See Media Coalition’s Certificate of Service at 2, ECF No. 1-2; Min. Order (Apr. 3,

2019) (providing deadline for Michael Cohen’s counsel to respond to the Media Coalition’s

Motion). The Media Coalition’s Motion is now ripe for resolution.

II.    DISCUSSION

       The Media Coalition asks for two forms of relief: (1) disclosure of the Warrant Materials

to the public, pursuant to the common law right of access, following in camera review and

approval of the government’s proposed redactions; and (2) a “sunlight date,” at which time the

Warrant Materials will become fully public, absent a showing by the government or another

interested party that the Warrant Materials should continue to be redacted. See Media

Coalition’s Mem. at 14–15; Media Coalition’s Reply at 1, 4. The government agrees to both

forms of relief, discussed in turn below. See Gov’t’s Resp. at 3.

       First, the Media Coalition requests unsealing of the Warrant Materials after in camera

review of the government’s proposed redactions. The Media Coalition initially sought wholesale

disclosure of the Warrant Materials and suggested, in the alternative, targeted redactions to

protect any competing interests. See Media Coalition’s Mem. at 13–14 (“[I]t is difficult to

conceive of circumstances that would be sufficient to overcome the public interest in release of




                                                  4
the Warrant Materials.”). In response, the government proposed to make redactions, consistent

with those permitted in the S.D.N.Y., to “protect ongoing law enforcement matters and respect

privacy concerns.” Gov’t’s Resp. at 3. The government explained that even though the instant

motion concerns different Warrant Materials, relating to search warrants obtained in this District

by the SCO before the investigation was referred to the S.D.N.Y, “the issues presented” here and

in the S.D.N.Y. litigation are “substantially similar, including the law enforcement interests

implicated by unsealing of certain portions of the Warrant Materials.” Id. at 2.

       In view of the government’s proposal, the Media Coalition narrowed its initially broad

request for wholesale unsealing and agreed to the subject matter of the government’s proposed

redactions, while requesting that the Court independently review the redactions to ensure they

are necessary. See Media Coalition’s Reply at 1 (“The Media Coalition respectfully requests that

this Court undertake an independent review of the Government’s proposed redactions to ensure

that the maximum amount of information about this consequential matter is provided to the

public.”). Thus, the government submitted for in camera review proposed redactions “consistent

with those authorized . . . in the similar” S.D.N.Y. litigation. Gov’t’s Ex Parte and Under Seal

Submission at 1, ECF No. 10 (sealed); see also Min. Order (May 20, 2019) (ordering

government to provide proposed redactions believed necessary under seal for in camera review).

       Upon consideration of the government’s in camera submission, release of the Warrant

Materials with the government’s proposed redactions is justified under the common law right of

access to judicial records. Indeed, a “common law presumption of access” attaches to “SCA

orders and related materials.” Matter of Leopold to Unseal Certain Elec. Surveillance

Applications & Orders, 300 F. Supp. 3d 61, 92 (D.D.C. 2018) (citing United States v.

Appelbaum (In re U.S. for an Order Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 2703(D)), 707 F.3d 283, 291




                                                 5
(4th Cir. 2013)). 1 The government may rebut this presumption, however, “by showing

‘competing interests’ that compel a ‘conclu[sion] that justice [ ] requires’ maintaining a seal.”

Id. (quoting Metlife, Inc. v. Fin. Stability Oversight Council, 865 F.3d 661, 665 (D.C. Cir.

2017)).

          Here, the government’s proposed redactions are consistent with those authorized by the

S.D.N.Y., protective of the competing interests in the government’s ongoing investigation and

third-party privacy interests. These competing interests are strong enough to counterbalance the

public’s common law right of access to the Warrant Materials. See United States v. Hubbard,

650 F.2d 293, 315–16 & n.84 (D.C. Cir. 1980) (explaining that “the tradition of access is not

without its time-honored exceptions,” and noting, for example, that “affidavits submitted in

support of search warrants are sometimes sealed to protect the secrecy of an ongoing criminal

investigation”); see also Metlife, Inc., 865 F.3d at 665 (stating that the presumption of public

access “may be outweighed in certain cases by competing interests,” such as “privacy interests

asserted”). Accordingly, the government shall file, by May 22, 2019, the redacted versions of

the Warrant Materials on the docket of this Miscellaneous action.

          Second, the Media Coalition requests a “sunlight date” three months from the date of this

Memorandum and Order, at which time sealed portions of the Warrant Materials will become

public, “absent a showing by the Government or another interested party that continued sealing

is justified.” Media Coalition’s Mem. at 19. The government “has no objection” to submitting a

status report on the need for continued sealing on “whatever” date “the Court deems




1
      As an alternative to the common law right of access, the Media Coalition requests unsealing under the First
Amendment right of access. See Media Coalition’s Mot. at 1. Since the parties’ requested relief is granted under the
common law right of access, discussion of the Media Coalition’s First Amendment argument is unnecessary.


                                                         6
appropriate.” Gov’t’s Resp. at 4. As a result, the government shall submit, by August 22, 2019,

a status report explaining any need for continued sealing of any portion of the Warrant Materials.

III.   CONCLUSION AND ORDER

       Upon consideration of the Media Coalition’s Motion, ECF No. 1, the related legal

memoranda in support and opposition, the exhibits attached thereto, and the entire record herein,

for the reasons set out in this Memorandum Opinion and Order, it is hereby

       ORDERED that the government shall file, by May 22, 2019, redacted versions of the

Warrant Materials on the docket of this Miscellaneous action; and it is further

       ORDERED that the government shall submit, by August 22, 2019, a status report

explaining any need for continued sealing of any portion of the Warrant Materials, and if any

intervening event obviates the need for continued redaction, the government shall advise the

Court forthwith.

       SO ORDERED.

       Date: May 21, 2019




                                                     __________________________
                                                     BERYL A. HOWELL
                                                     Chief Judge




                                                7
