[Cite as Haskins v. 7112 Columbian, Inc., 2014-Ohio-4154.]
                           STATE OF OHIO, MAHONING COUNTY

                                 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                                       SEVENTH DISTRICT


DAVID HASKINS, Co-Administrator of                )          CASE NO. 13 MA 100
the Estate of Minnie Haskins                      )
                                                  )
        PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT                       )
                                                  )
VS.                                               )          OPINION
                                                  )
7112 COLUMBIA, INC., dba                          )
VALLEY RENAISSANCE                                )
HEALTH CARE CENTER                                )
                                                  )
        DEFENDANT-APPELLEE                        )

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS:                                    Civil Appeal from the Court of Common
                                                             Pleas of Mahoning County, Ohio
                                                             Case No. 12 CV 2834

JUDGMENT:                                                    Reversed and Remanded.

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellant:                                     Atty. Andrew L. Johnson, Jr.
                                                             1205 West 110th Street, Suite 131
                                                             Cleveland, Ohio 44102

For Defendant-Appellee:                                      Atty. Ernest W. Auciello
                                                             Atty. Susan M. Audey
                                                             Atty. John A. Favret, III
                                                             Tucker Ellis LLP
                                                             950 Main Ave., Suite 1100
                                                             Cleveland, Ohio 44113-7213

JUDGES:
Hon. Cheryl L. Waite
Hon. Joseph J. Vukovich
Hon. Mary DeGenaro
                                                             Dated: September 15, 2014
[Cite as Haskins v. 7112 Columbian, Inc., 2014-Ohio-4154.]
WAITE, J.


        {¶1}    The Mahoning County Court of Common Pleas dismissed a claim

brought against Appellee Valley Renaissance Health Care Center (“Valley

Renaissance”) due to the expiration of the one-year statute of limitations for medical

claims. Appellant David Haskins, co-administrator of the estate of his late mother,

Minnie Haskins, brought the suit on the belief that employees of Valley Renaissance

broke his mother's leg while moving her in the course of changing her bed linens.

Valley Renaissance filed a Civ.R. 12(C) motion for judgment on the pleadings on the

grounds that the claim was a medical claim under R.C. 2305.113(A), and that the

one-year statute of limitations for medical claims had expired. The court granted the

motion. On appeal, Appellant contends that negligence arising from the changing of

bed linens in a nursing home is an ordinary negligence claim and not a medical claim

subject to R.C. 2305.113(A). The complaint does not allege that changing bed linens

had anything to do with a medical test or procedure, or that the two employees

exercised any degree of professional expertise or medical skill. As the pleadings

raise an ordinary negligence claim, the judgment of the trial court is reversed.

                                            Case History

        {¶2}    Since this case was dismissed at the pleadings stage, the facts are

taken from the pleadings.             The complaint was filed on September 10, 2012.

Appellant is the co-administrator of the estate of Minnie Haskins, his mother. The

only defendant in the case is Valley Renaissance Health Care Center, a nursing

home. The complaint alleges that Minnie was admitted to Valley Renaissance as a

long term patient on January 15, 2010. During her stay there, she became bedfast,
                                                                                   -2-

was unable to walk independently, and required constant daily care and monitoring.

Minnie weighed 300 to 400 pounds. On or about July 29, 2011, two employees of

Valley Renaissance entered Minnie's room to change the sheets on the bed. Minnie

was lying on the bed in prone position. One of the sheets was lodged under Minnie's

body, and in attempting to move Minnie and extract the sheet, Minnie's left leg was

broken. Minnie was taken to the hospital, which revealed that she suffered a fracture

of her left femur bone. She was later taken back to Valley Renaissance, and she

died there on March 6, 2012.

      {¶3}     Valley Renaissance filed its answer on November 16, 2012, alleging 24

defenses, one of which was that the one-year statute of limitations for medical claims

had expired.

      {¶4}     On March 25, 2013, Valley Renaissance filed a Civ.R. 12(C) motion for

judgment on the pleadings on the grounds that the statute of limitations had expired.

Appellant filed a responsive brief on April 1, 2013, and later filed an affidavit in

support of its brief. On June 5, 2013, the court granted the motion to dismiss. This

timely appeal followed.

                               ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

      The trial court erred by granting appellee's Motion For Judgment On

      The Pleadings pursuant to Rule 12(C) of the Ohio Rules of Civil

      Procedure.

      {¶5}     Appellant argues that the complaint describes a simple negligence

claim which has a two-year statute of limitations, and that it should not have been
                                                                                     -3-

dismissed due to the expiration of the one-year statute of limitations for medical

claims. Appellant contends that a medical claim, as defined by the one-year statute

of limitations described in R.C. 2305.113, must relate to the medical care of a person.

According to Appellant, the claim in this case arose out of Valley Renaissance's care

of Minnie, but not out of her medical care. Appellant argues that not all negligence

that occurs in a nursing home or hospital is medical negligence arising out of medical

care. Appellant contends that changing bed sheets is not a medical procedure, but

rather, was a routine chore that did not require any particular professional skill.

Appellant concludes that the two-year statute of limitations for ordinary negligence

applies. Appellant is correct. Although Appellee may ultimately be able to prove that

care provided for Minnie was medical care, the pleadings allege only ordinary

negligence and do not necessarily describe an injury arising from a medical claim.

      {¶6}   Civ.R. 12(C) states: “After the pleadings are closed but within such

time as not to delay the trial, any party may move for judgment on the pleadings.” “In

applying the Civ.R. 12(C) standard, judgment on the pleadings may be granted

where no material factual issue exists and the moving party is entitled to judgment as

a matter of law.   The determination is restricted solely to the allegations of the

pleadings and the nonmoving party is entitled to have all material allegations in the

complaint, with all reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom, construed in her

favor as true.” (Internal citation omitted.) State ex rel. Pirman v. Money, 69 Ohio

St.3d 591, 592-593, 635 N.E.2d 26 (1994). In resolving a Civ.R. 12(C) motion, both
                                                                                      -4-

the complaint and answer are considered. Burnside v. Leimbach, 71 Ohio App.3d

399, 402-403, 594 N.E.2d 60 (10th Dist.1991).

       {¶7}   A court should only grant a motion for judgment on the pleadings if no

material factual issues exist and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter

of law. State ex rel. Midwest Pride IV, Inc. v. Pontious, 75 Ohio St.3d 565, 570, 664

N.E.2d 931 (1996).      An appellate court reviews the entry of judgment on the

pleadings de novo. Trinity Health Sys. v. MDX Corp., 180 Ohio App.3d 815, 2009-

Ohio-417, 907 N.E.2d 746, ¶19 (7th Dist.). Appellate review is based solely on the

allegations in the pleadings. State ex rel. Pirman, supra, at 593.

       {¶8}   A judgment on the pleadings may be proper when the statute of

limitations has run. McGlothin v. Schad, 194 Ohio App.3d 669, 2011-Ohio-3011

(12th Dist.). In determining the proper statute of limitations for a cause of action, the

court must review the complaint to determine the essential character of the claim:

“[I]n determining which limitation period will apply, courts must look to the actual

nature or subject matter of the case, rather than to the form in which the action is

pleaded. The grounds for bringing the action are the determinative factors, the form

is immaterial.” Love v. Port Clinton, 37 Ohio St.3d 98, 99, 524 N.E.2d 166 (1988);

see also, Doe v. First United Methodist Church, 68 Ohio St.3d 531, 629 N.E.2d 402

(1994).   The statute of limitations for ordinary negligence is two years.          R.C.

2305.10(A).

       {¶9}   According to Appellee, the pleadings clearly indicate that R.C.

2305.113(A), with its one-year limit for filing medical claims, applies in this case.
                                                                                     -5-

R.C. 2305.113(A) states: “(A) Except as otherwise provided in this section, an action

upon a medical, dental, optometric, or chiropractic claim shall be commenced within

one year after the cause of action accrued.” (Emphasis added.)

      {¶10} “Medical claim” is defined in R.C. 2305.113(E)(3):

      (3) “Medical claim” means any claim that is asserted in any civil action

      against a physician, podiatrist, hospital, home, or residential facility,

      against any employee or agent of a physician, podiatrist, hospital,

      home, or residential facility, * * * and that arises out of the medical

      diagnosis, care, or treatment of any person. “Medical claim” includes

      the following:


      (a) Derivative claims for relief that arise from the medical diagnosis,

      care, or treatment of a person;


      (b) Claims that arise out of the medical diagnosis, care, or treatment of

      any person and to which either of the following applies:


      (i) The claim results from acts or omissions in providing medical care.


      (ii) The claim results from the hiring, training, supervision, retention, or

      termination of caregivers providing medical diagnosis, care, or

      treatment. (Emphasis added.)

      {¶11} Under R.C. 2305.113(E)(14), the word “home” includes a nursing home.

There is no dispute that Valley Renaissance is a nursing home, and thus qualifies as

a “home” under R.C. 2305.113(E)(3).
                                                                                         -6-

       {¶12} The parties agree that the operative phrase from R.C. 2305.113(E)(3)

under review is “medical care,” and that the one-year statute of limitations only

applies if Valley Renaissance was providing medical care as defined by the statute.

Appellee seems to be under the impression that all care provided in a home is

“medical care.” There are two leading cases that interpret the phrase “medical care”

in reference to R.C. 2305.113: Browning v. Burt, 66 Ohio St.3d 544, 613 N.E.2d 993

(1993), and Rome v. Flower Mem. Hosp., 70 Ohio St.3d 14, 635 N.E.2d 1239 (1994).

In Browning, the Ohio Supreme Court held that “care,” as used in a prior but similar

version of R.C. 2305.113(E)(3), refers to “the prevention or alleviation of a physical or

mental defect or illness.” Browning at 557, 613 N.E.2d 993. Browning held that the

term “care” should not be interpreted any more broadly than the context of R.C.

2305.113 allows. Id. The complaint in Browning was for negligent credentialing of

physicians, and the court held that this type of claim does not directly involve medical

care and is not subject to the one-year statute of limitations for medical claims. Id.

       {¶13} In Rome, the Ohio Supreme Court considered two cases in which the

injuries arose from the use of an x-ray table in the first case and a wheelchair in the

second. In the first case, the plaintiff was injured when she was incorrectly secured

to an x-ray table by a hospital intern. The intern failed to place a footboard on the

table. When the table was tilted at a 45-degree angle, the patient fell off. The court

found that the x-ray was ordered to determine and alleviate a medical condition. Id.

at 16. The court noted that there was a certain amount of professional expertise that

was needed to prepare a patient for x-rays. Id. The court determined that the act of
                                                                                     -7-

securing a patient on a table for an x-ray constituted “medical diagnosis, care, or

treatment” because it was “ancillary to and an inherently necessary part of the

administration of the x-ray procedure * * *.” Id. at 16.

       {¶14} In the second case, the plaintiff was seated in a wheelchair while he

was being taken to physician-ordered physical therapy, and the wheelchair

collapsed, causing him injuries.       The court noted that the patient was being

transported to physical therapy that was ordered by a doctor when the injury

occurred. The court also noted that the hospital employee operating the wheelchair

“was required to use a certain amount of professional skill in transporting the patient

in the wheelchair.” Id. at 16-17. Once again, the court determined that “the transport

of [the patient] from physical therapy was ancillary to and an inherently necessary

part of his physical therapy treatment.” Id. at 16. The court held that both cases

involved “medical claims” and were subject to the one-year statute of limitations.

       {¶15} Valley Renaissance believes that Rome supports the trial court's

conclusion that in the act of changing Minnie's sheets the home was providing

medical care, but the cases are not analogous. The only significant similarity is that

one involved an x-ray table, which is somewhat like a bed, and the instant case

involves an actual bed.      The key facts, however, differ in material ways.        The

complaint in this case does not indicate that the two people changing the sheets had

any particular medical expertise or skill. The complaint does not indicate that Minnie

was involved with or was being prepared for any particular medical procedure.

Although it is possible that changing bed linens had some medical purpose, there are
                                                                                     -8-

also a variety of possible non-medical reasons that the sheets were changed the day

Minnie was injured. The fact that Minnie weighed 300-400 pounds, was bedfast and

could not walk or get out of bed on her own, might be relevant facts at that time, but

they are not determinative at this stage. We must point out that Rome was decided

on summary judgment, where the parties were able to submit actual evidence in

support of their argument. The instant appeal involves a judgment on the pleadings,

and all inferences from those pleadings must be read in favor of Appellant, the non-

moving party. It is apparent to us that the inferences that can be drawn solely from

the pleadings support Appellant's argument.

      {¶16} Appellant correctly points out that not all injuries that a patient might

sustain in a hospital or nursing home setting are necessarily “medical claims.”

Balascoe v. St. Elizabeth Hosp. Med. Ctr., 110 Ohio App.3d 83, 85, 673 N.E.2d 651

(7th Dist.1996). In Balascoe, the patient fell after stepping on a piece of plastic on

her way from the hospital bed to the bathroom. We held that falling on the way to the

bathroom was not a medical claim arising directly from medical diagnosis, care or

treatment, even though the patient had called for a nurse to assist her in walking to

the bathroom.

      {¶17} A variety of other cases support Appellant's position.       For example,

Conkin v. CHS-Ohio Valley, Inc., 1st Dist. No. C-110660, 2012-Ohio-2816, held that

injuries sustained from being negligently moved from a wheelchair to a device called

a Hoyer lift were not “medical claims” because there was no indication that the use of

the lift was an inherent part of a medical procedure, that the use of the lift arose out
                                                                                      -9-

of physician-ordered treatment, or that professional expertise or professional skill was

required to transfer a patient to the lift. Hill v. Wadsworth-Rittman Area Hosp., 185

Ohio App.3d 788, 2009-Ohio-5421, 925 N.E.2d 1012 (9th Dist.), held that the

“medical claim” statute of limitations did not apply to a plaintiff who was injured while

getting out of a wheelchair as she was being discharged from a hospital because she

was not injured in the course of a test or treatment, and because the act of being

escorted in a wheelchair by hospital staff was not inherently necessary for any

medical test or treatment.

       {¶18} Similar to Balascoe, Conkin, and Hill, there is no indication from record

in this case that changing Minnie's sheets was part of some type of medical test or

procedure, was ordered by a doctor, or that it required any medical expertise or

professional skill. Since the pleadings alone determine the outcome of a Civ.R.

12(C) motion, the motion should have been overruled. While Valley Renaissance

may be able to prove through the use of evidence at some later stage of the

proceedings that R.C. 2305.113 applies, it was not appropriate to dismiss the

complaint at the pleading stage.

                                      Conclusion

       {¶19} Since the pleadings indicate that Appellant is asserting a general

negligence claim rather than a medical claim as defined by R.C. 2305.113, the Civ.R.

12(C) motion for judgment on the pleadings should not have been granted. The

pleadings do not indicate that any applicable statute of limitations has expired.
                                                                             -10-

Appellant's assignment of error has merit, and the judgment of the trial court is

reversed and the case is remanded for further proceedings.


Vukovich, J., concurs.

DeGenaro, P.J., concurs.
