                      IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                 No. 4-040 / 13-1977
                               Filed February 19, 2014


IN THE INTEREST OF M.M.,
Minor Child,

K.H., Mother,
       Appellant.
________________________________________________________________


         Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Joseph Seidlin,

District Associate Judge.



         A mother appeals from the order terminating her parental rights.

AFFIRMED.



         Lisa M. Noble of Van Cleaf & McCormack, Des Moines, for appellant

mother.

         Bryan Webber of Carr & Wright, P.L.C., Des Moines, for father.

         Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Kathrine S. Miller-Todd, Assistant

Attorney General, John P. Sarcone, County Attorney, and Amanda L. Johnson,

Assistant County Attorney, for appellee State.

         Paul White, Juvenile Public Defender’s Office, Des Moines, for minor

child.



         Considered by Danilson, C.J., Vaitheswaran, J., and Mahan, S.J.*

         *Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 (2013).
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MAHAN, S.J.

         A mother appeals from the juvenile court order terminating her parental

rights. We conclude the mother’s parental rights were properly terminated under

Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(h) (2013).            We do not believe extending the

proceedings for another six months would be in the child’s best interests. Finally,

we conclude the exception found in section 232.116(3)(c) should not be applied

in this case. We affirm the decision of the juvenile court.

         I. Background Facts & Proceedings

         Kimberly and Ray are the parents of M.M., who was born in 2010.

Kimberly was arrested in April 2011 for child endangerment because she was

intoxicated while caring for M.M.1 She voluntarily agreed to attend substance

abuse treatment and place the child in the care of Ray.

         Kimberly became intoxicated while caring for the child in April 2012. The

State filed a petition alleging M.M. was a child in need of assistance (CINA). On

July 17, 2012, the juvenile court adjudicated M.M. to be a CINA under Iowa Code

section 232.2(6)(c)(2) and (n) (2011). The court continued the child’s placement

with Ray. Kimberly had two drug tests that were positive for methamphetamine

in September 2012. She proceeded to participate in services and substance

abuse treatment.

         On February 19, 2013, the juvenile court ordered M.M. would transition to

Kimberly’s home as of March 1, 2013. In the meantime, Kimberly was required

to provide a drug test and continue in services. The drug test was positive for

methamphetamine. The court then modified its order to provide the child would

1
    Kimberly was subsequently found guilty of disorderly conduct.
                                        3


remain in Ray’s care. Kimberly was thereafter inconsistent in providing drug

tests.

         In March 2013 Kimberly was the victim of domestic abuse by her

boyfriend, Shawn.     The police report indicated Kimberly had been drinking

alcohol at the time. Additionally, service providers learned she had not been

truthful with them concerning the nature of her relationship with Shawn. Shawn

has an extensive criminal record.   Kimberly was charged with two counts of

forgery in May 2013. In July 2013 she had drug tests that were positive for

methamphetamine and alcohol.        M.M. was removed from Ray’s care on

August 13, 2013, when the Iowa Department of Human Services became aware

Ray had been permitting Kimberly to have contact with M.M. outside of approved

visitation.

         The State filed a petition on October 18, 2013, seeking to terminate

Kimberly’s parental rights to M.M. A hearing was held on November 25, 2013.

The juvenile court terminated Kimberly’s parental rights pursuant to Iowa Code

section 232.116(1)(h) and (l) (2013).       The court determined termination of

Kimberly’s parental rights was in M.M.’s best interests. Kimberly appeals the

decision of the juvenile court.

         II. Standard of Review

         The scope of review in termination cases is de novo. In re D.W., 791

N.W.2d 703, 706 (Iowa 2010).      Clear and convincing evidence is needed to

establish the grounds for termination. In re J.E., 723 N.W.2d 793, 798 (Iowa

2006). Where there is clear and convincing evidence, there is no serious or

substantial doubt about the correctness of the conclusion drawn from the
                                         4

evidence.   In re D.D., 653 N.W.2d 359, 361 (Iowa 2002).          The paramount

concern in termination proceedings is the best interests of the child. In re L.L.,

459 N.W.2d 489, 493 (Iowa 1990).

      III. Merits

      Termination of parental rights under section 232.116 is a three-step

process. In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 39 (Iowa 2010). We first determine whether

a ground for termination exists under section 232.116(1). Id. Next, we determine

whether termination if appropriate under the best-interests analysis found in

section 232.116(2). Id. Finally, we consider whether any of the exceptions found

in section 232.116(3) should be applied. Id.

      A. Kimberly claims there is not sufficient evidence in the record to support

termination of her parental rights under either of the code sections cited by the

juvenile court. When the juvenile court relies upon more than one statutory

ground to terminate a parent’s rights, we may affirm based on one of the grounds

cited by the court. See In re A.B., 815 N.W.2d 764, 774 (Iowa 2012).

      We choose to focus on section 232.116(1)(h), which provides a parent’s

rights may be terminated if (1) a child is three or younger, (2) the child has been

adjudicated CINA, (3) the child has been removed from the parent’s care for at

least six of the last twelve months or the last six consecutive months, and (4) the

child cannot be safely returned to the parent’s care.

      Kimberly does not contest the first two elements of section 232.116(1)(h).

She argues M.M. had not been out of the care of both of her parents for the

requisite time period. She states the child had been in the father’s care until

August 2013 and only three months had passed before the termination hearing in
                                           5


November 2013.         “It is not in the children’s best interests to interpret the

language of the subsections to prevent termination of the noncustodial parent’s

rights when the children are placed in the separate home of the other parent.” In

re N.M., 491 N.W.2d 153, 155 (Iowa 1992). Thus, the relevant issue is whether

the child has been out of Kimberly’s care for at least six of the last twelve months

or for six consecutive months. Kimberly testified at the termination hearing M.M.

had been removed from her care in May 2012, about eighteen months before the

termination hearing.

          As to the fourth element, Kimberly testified she believed she had the

ability to resume care of the child at the time of the termination hearing. At the

same time, however, she asked for an additional three to six months to

participate in services. We note that despite her drug tests in July 2013 that

showed the use of alcohol and methamphetamine, Kimberly consistently denied

using these substances and was not currently in a treatment program. She had

not yet started therapy for co-dependency issues and stated she had only

recently realized her relationship with Shawn was detrimental to herself and the

child.2     Additionally, Kimberly’s criminal involvement had not been fully

addressed.3 On our de novo review of the record, we conclude there is clear and

convincing evidence M.M. could not be safely returned to Kimberly’s care.

          We conclude Kimberly’s parental rights were properly terminated under

section 232.116(1)(h).

2
  Shawn had been arrested on forgery charges in August 2013 and had been in prison
since that time. The State presented evidence of telephone calls between Kimberly and
Shawn that continued into early November 2013.
3
  At the time of the termination hearing, Kimberly had entered Alford pleas to two counts
of forgery but had not yet been sentenced.
                                         6


       B. Kimberly contends termination of her parental rights is not in M.M.’s

best interests. She asserts she should have an additional six months, which

would allow her to attend therapy for co-dependency. She argues this “would

allow the Appellant to reach the stability aspect which would be required to have

the child reside with her.”

       In considering a child’s best interests, we give primary consideration to the

child’s safety; to furthering the long-term nurturing and growth of the child; and to

the physical, mental, and emotional condition and needs of the child. Iowa Code

§ 232.116(2); P.L., 778 N.W.2d at 40.            “[W]e cannot deprive a child of

permanency after the State has proved a ground for termination under section

232.116(1) by hoping someday a parent will learn to be a parent and be able to

provide a stable home for the child.” P.L., 778 N.W.2d at 41.

       The juvenile court denied the mother’s request for additional time, finding

the child needed permanency.        We agree with the court’s conclusion.       The

mother has been receiving services since April 2011 but is still not in a position to

care for her child. We do not believe extending the proceedings for another six

months would be in the child’s best interests.

       C. Kimberly also asserts she has a very close bond with the child, such

that the court should have decided not to terminate her parental rights under

section 232.116(3)(c). The juvenile court found

       there also has been no clear and convincing evidence that the
       termination would be detrimental to the child at this time due to the
       closeness of the parent-child relationship. The mother’s history of
       alcohol and substance abuse, criminal involvement, and dangerous
       and detrimental relationships remains unresolved, and creates an
       unstable relationship for the child. There is nothing in the record
                                        7


      that indicates terminating would be more detrimental than not
      terminating based on the bond with the mother.

We concur in the juvenile court’s findings. On our de novo review, we conclude

the exception found in section 232.116(3)(c) should not be applied in this case.

      We affirm the decision of the juvenile court terminating Kimberly’s parental

rights to M.M.

      AFFIRMED.
