




In re Carla Lee Suson








NUMBER 13-03-00470-CV


COURT OF APPEALS


THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS


CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG



In re CARLA LEE SUSON, Relator.



On Relator's Petition for Writ of Mandamus.


O P I N I O N


Before Justices Hinojosa, Yañez, and Castillo
Opinion by Justice Hinojosa


	Relator, Carla Lee Suson, has filed a petition for writ of mandamus requesting that
this Court order the following respondents to perform their ministerial duties under the city
charter of the City of Kingsville and hold a recall election:  (a) Irene Ramirez, Kingsville City
Secretary; (b) Filemon Esquivel, Jr., Kingsville Mayor; (c) Horacio Castillo, Kingsville City
Commissioner; (d) Arturo Pecos, Kingsville City Commissioner; (e) Charles Wilson,
Kingsville City Commissioner; and (f) Alfonso Garcia, Kingsville City Commissioner. 
Respondents have filed a response.  See Tex. R. App. P. 52.4.  Without hearing oral
argument, we grant relator's petition.  See Tex. R. App. P. 52.8.
A.  Jurisdiction

	This Court may issue a writ of mandamus compelling the officials of a city to perform
any duty imposed upon them by law regarding the holding of a recall election.  Tex. Elec.
Code Ann. § 273.061 (Vernon 2003).  Generally, mandamus will lie only where the duty to
act is clear and there is no disputed issue of fact.  Burns v. Kelly, 658 S.W.2d 731, 733
(Tex. App.-Fort Worth 1983, orig. proceeding); Blanchard v. Fulbright, 633 S.W.2d 617,
621 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1982, orig. proceeding).
B.  Background

	Relator is a resident of the City of Kingsville.  She is a duly qualified voter and is a
circulator and signer of petitions requesting a recall election of Mayor Esquivel and City
Commissioners Castillo and Pecos.
	The City of Kingsville is a "home rule city."  Section 24 of the city charter of the City
of Kingsville provides, in relevant part, as follows:
Any elective officer of the city shall be subject to recall and removal from
office by the qualified voters of the city, and the procedure to effect such
removal shall be as follows:  A petition demanding that the question of
removing such officer or officers be submitted to the electors, shall be filed
with the person discharging the duties of city clerk.  Such petition for the
recall of any such elective officer or officers shall be signed by at least
twenty-five percent (25%) of the number of qualified voters voting at the last
regular city election, and at least one-fifth (1/5) of whom shall certify that at
the election at which said officer or officers was or were elected, they voted
for the election of such officer or officers proposed to be recalled.

Each signer of a recall petition shall sign his name thereto in ink or indelible
pencil, and shall write thereon, after his name, his place of residence by
street and number.  To each of said petitions there shall be attached an
affidavit, or the circulator thereof, stating the number of signers to such part
of the petition and that each signature to the same is genuine, and was
made in his presence and is that of the person whose name it purports to be.

All papers comprising a recall petition, shall be returned and filed with the
person exercising the duties of city clerk, within thirty (30) days after the filing
of the affidavit herein before provided for.  The person exercising the duties
of city clerk, upon the return of such petition shall at once submit the same
to the governing authority of the city, and shall notify the officer or officers
sought to be recalled of such action.  If the official whose removal is sought
does not resign within five (5) days after such notice is given, the governing
authority of the city shall thereupon order and fix a day for holding a recall
election, the date of which election shall not be less than fifteen (15) nor
more than thirty (30) days from the time such petition was presented to the
governing authority of the city.

The city secretary performs the duties of the city clerk because the City of Kingsville has
no city clerk.
	On July 3, 2003, relator filed an affidavit with City Secretary Ramirez, requesting that
petitions be issued for circulation among the voters calling for the recall of Mayor Esquivel
and City Commissioners Castillo and Pecos.  All petitions were returned to the city
secretary on July 17, 2003.  Relator asserts the petitions contained 896 signatures for the
recall of Mayor Esquivel, 926 signatures for the recall of City Commissioner Castillo, and
927 signatures for the recall of City Commissioner Pecos, all in substantial compliance with
the provisions of the city charter.  The record reflects that 2,202 votes were cast on May
4, 2002, the last general election of the City of Kingsville.
	City Secretary Ramirez disqualified many of the signatures because she interpreted
the city charter as requiring all persons signing the petitions to have voted in the last city
election.  City Secretary Ramirez certified that the number of signatures was insufficient
for recall and presented the certificate and recall petitions to the city commission.  The
mayor and commissioners concluded that the city secretary had properly disqualified the
signatures of persons that had not voted in the last city election.  Because the number of
signatures remaining on the petitions was insufficient, the mayor and commissioners
refused to set a recall election.  Relator now asks this Court to issue a writ of mandamus,
compelling the city secretary and city commission to order a recall election.
C.  Analysis

	Relator complains that the city secretary violated the ministerial duty imposed on her
by Section 24 of the city charter when she did not "at once submit" the recall petition to the
governing authority of the city "upon the return of such petition."  Relator contends that the
city charter does not give the city secretary or the city commission the power to review and
disqualify signatures.  Respondents assert that the city secretary is duty-bound to conduct
a facial review of all recall petitions to determine whether they comply with the city charter
and the Texas Election Code.
	Section 24 of the Kingsville city charter contains no provision giving the city
commission, the city secretary, or anyone else the authority or duty to determine the
sufficiency of recall petitions.  See Burns, 658 S.W.2d at 733; Blanchard, 633 S.W.2d at
621.  Section 24 of the Kingsville city charter provides:
The person exercising the duties of city clerk, upon the return of such petition
shall at once submit the same to the governing authority of the city, and shall
notify the officer or officers sought to be recalled of such action.  If the official
whose removal is sought does not resign within five (5) days after such
notice is given, the governing authority of the city shall thereupon order and
fix a day for holding a recall election, the date of which election shall not be
less than fifteen (15) nor more than thirty (30) days from the time such
petition was presented to the governing authority of the city.

The charter only provides that recall petitions be submitted to the city's governing authority
by the person exercising the duties of city clerk.  Once the petitions are submitted, if the
officials do not resign, an election "shall" be ordered by the city's governing authority.  
	We cannot infer from this language that the city secretary or the city commissioners
have a right or duty to examine the sufficiency of the petitions.  In the absence of such a
provision, due process gives those parties subject to recall the right to file a lawsuit in the
district court to obtain a judicial determination of the sufficiency of the petitions in an
adversary proceeding, after proper notice and hearing.  Burns, 658 S.W.2d at 733;
Blanchard, 633 S.W.2d at 622.
D.  Section 277.003 of the Texas Election Code

	Respondents also assert that section 277.003 of the Texas Election Code clearly
contemplates that the city secretary is responsible for reviewing recall petitions to ensure
that the petitions technically comply with all the legal requirements.  Section 277.003 of the
election code, entitled "Verifying Signatures by Statistical Sample," provides:
If a petition contains more than 1,000 signatures, the city secretary or other
authority responsible for verifying the signatures may use any reasonable
statistical sampling method in determining whether the petition contains the
required number of valid signatures, except that the sample may not be less
than 25 percent of the total number of signatures appearing on the petition
or 1,000, whichever is greater.  If the signatures on a petition circulated on
a statewide basis are to be verified by the secretary of state, the sample
prescribed by Section 141.069 applies to the petition rather than the sample
prescribed by this section. 

Tex. Elec. Code Ann. § 277.003 (Vernon 2003).  Section 277.003 merely provides how a
person responsible for verifying signatures may determine the validity of signatures when
a petition contains more than 1,000 signatures.
	There is no provision in the Kingsville city charter that assigns anyone the
responsibility for verifying signatures.  Furthermore, each of the three petitions for recall
contain less than 1,000 signatures.  Therefore, we conclude that section 277.003 does not
apply to the facts of this case.
	We conditionally grant the mandamus relief requested by relator.  We direct City
Secretary Ramirez to immediately submit the recall petitions with all signatures to the city
commission.  We are confident that City Secretary Ramirez will comply promptly.  The
writ will issue only if that confidence proves misplaced.
 
							FEDERICO G. HINOJOSA
							Justice


Justice Castillo not participating.

Opinion delivered and filed this the
28th day of October, 2003.
