                                NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
                               APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
        This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
     internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.




                                                         SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
                                                         APPELLATE DIVISION
                                                         DOCKET NO. A-1512-18T1

ALLAN SUAREZ,

          Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

DONNA GALLAGHER, and
COUNTY OF BERGEN, STATE
OF NEW JERSEY,

          Defendants,

and

CITY OF RIDGEFIELD PARK,

     Defendant-Respondent.
_____________________________

                    Argued September 17, 2019 – Decided September 30, 2019

                    Before Judges Fisher and Accurso.

                    On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
                    Division, Bergen County, Docket No. L-3262-17.

                    Greg D. Shaffer argued the cause for appellant
                    (Brandon J. Broderick, LLC, attorneys; Alan K. Albert,
                    on the brief).
            Bradley M. Wilson argued the cause for respondent
            (Nowell, P.A., attorneys; Bradley M. Wilson, on the
            brief).

PER CURIAM

      Plaintiff Allan Suarez commenced this suit against Ridgefield Park,

seeking damages resulting from injuries he sustained when he allegedly tripped

on an uneven portion of a sidewalk across the street from his home. Ridgefield

Park successfully moved for summary judgment pursuant to the immunities

provided by the Tort Claims Act, N.J.S.A. 59:1-1 to 14-4, and plaintiff appeals.

In appealing, plaintiff argues that: he satisfied the Act's notice requirements,

N.J.S.A. 59:4-3; the raised sidewalk constituted a dangerous condition, N.J.S.A.

59:4-1; and Ridgefield Park's failure to ameliorate the condition was palpably

unreasonable, N.J.S.A. 59:4-2. We find these contentions – as well as the

argument that the judge abused his discretion in denying reconsideration – lack

sufficient merit to warrant further discussion in a written opinion, R. 2:11-

3(e)(1)(E), and we affirm substantially for the reasons set forth by Judge Robert

C. Wilson in his written decision. We add only the following brief comments

about the first two points.

      Any analysis of a public entity's tort liability starts with an understanding

that the Tort Claims Act was intended to provide immunity "with liability as an


                                                                           A-1512-18T1
                                        2
exception."    Gilhooley v. Cty. of Union, 164 N.J. 533, 538 (2000).

Notwithstanding, plaintiff attempts to avoid these obstacles by first arguing that

Ridgefield Park may be found liable because its property – a portion of the

sidewalk across from plaintiff's home – was "in dangerous condition at the time

of the injury." N.J.S.A. 59:4-2. The contention is that the sidewalk slabs were

uneven, with one protruding – according to plaintiff – one-and-one-half inches

above the other. Even if plaintiff's factual assertion is accurate – which we

assume only because the matter was disposed of by way of summary judgment

– uneven sidewalk slabs do not necessarily constitute dangerous conditions as

defined by the Act. As Judge Wilson correctly observed, a defect is not a

dangerous condition merely because it exists. See Polyard v. Terry, 160 N.J.

Super. 497, 508 (App. Div. 1978). And an alleged defect must be more than

"minor, trivial, or insignificant." Atalese v. Long Beach Twp., 365 N.J. Super.

1, 5 (App. Div. 2003). Plaintiff was required to show that the condition created

"a substantial risk of injury" when the property is used "with due care in a

manner in which it is reasonably foreseeable that it will be used." N.J.S.A. 59:4-

1(a).   A declivity of one or one-and-one-half inches in a sidewalk1 – a


1
  We also agree with the trial judge's assessment of the moving and opposing
papers and, in particular, plaintiff's inability to show that the sidewalk condition


                                                                            A-1512-18T1
                                         3
commonplace defect, Polyard, 160 N.J. Super. at 509 – does not meet the Act's

definition of a dangerous condition. See Wilson v. Jacobs, 334 N.J. Super. 640,

648 (App. Div. 2000).

      Plaintiff also failed to show, as required by N.J.S.A. 59:4-3(b), that

Ridgefield Park had actual or constructive notice of the alleged defect. There is

no evidence to suggest Ridgefield Park received any complaints about this

sidewalk. Instead, the evidence in the record demonstrates that neither plaintiff,

who lived across the street, nor plaintiff's neighbor, whose property abutted the

allegedly defective sidewalk, ever uttered a complaint about the sidewalk. And

the fact that Ridgefield Park has a shade tree commission and that it would fix

defects when brought to its attention hardly provides a basis for finding it

possessed constructive notice of any sidewalk defects that were not brought to

its attention. See Maslo v. City of Jersey City, 346 N.J. Super. 346, 350 (App.

Div. 2002); see also Garrison v. Twp. of Middletown, 154 N.J. 282, 311 (1998)

(Stein, J., concurring) (recognizing that such an alleged defect constitutes "a

maintenance item of low priority" for municipalities).

      Affirmed.




described by his expert in February 2018 actually existed at the time of the injury
in June 2015.
                                                                           A-1512-18T1
                                        4
