                     NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
 UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                 AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.




                                    IN THE
             ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
                                DIVISION ONE


                 VERONICA S. PATE, Petitioner Employee,

                                        v.

            THE INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION OF ARIZONA,
                           Respondent,

              SMITH’S FOOD AND DRUG CENTERS, INC.,
                        Respondent Employer,

                  SMITH’S FOOD AND DRUG CENTER
                        C/O SEDGWICK CMS,
                           Respondent Carrier.

                             No. 1 CA-IC 18-0032
                               FILED 1-31-2019


               Special Action - Industrial Commission
                    ICA Claim No. 20170-870334
                 Carrier Claim No. 30153864611-0001
        The Honorable Michelle Bodi, Administrative Law Judge

                            AWARD AFFIRMED


                                   COUNSEL

Snow Carpio & Weekley PLC, Phoenix
By Dennis R. Kurth
Counsel for Petitioner
Industrial Commission of Arizona, Phoenix
By Gaetano J. Testini
Counsel for Respondent, ICA

Lundmark, Barberich LaMont & Slavin P.C., Phoenix
By Lisa M. LaMont, Danielle Vukonich
Counsel for Respondent Employer and Carrier



                      MEMORANDUM DECISION

Judge Michael J. Brown delivered the decision of the Court, in which
Presiding Judge Diane M. Johnsen and Judge Jennifer M. Perkins joined.


B R O W N, Judge:

¶1           Veronica Pate challenges an Industrial Commission of
Arizona (“ICA”) award finding she did not suffer a compensable injury.
Because reasonable evidence supports the award, we affirm.

                             BACKGROUND

¶2             While working for a predecessor of Smith’s Food & Drug
Centers, Pate was injured when she fell on a wet floor in April 2015. In
March 2017, Pate filed a claim for workers’ compensation benefits based on
this fall. Her employer and its insurer denied the claim, and also asserted
that Pate’s claim was time-barred because it was not filed within one year
after the injury occurred. See Arizona Revised Statutes § 23-1061. Pate
timely requested a hearing.

¶3             The ALJ heard testimony from Pate, as well as the conflicting
medical opinions of Doctors Lederman and Theiler. Pate testified that
when she fell, her right shoulder hit a cabinet as she went to the floor and
she felt immediate pain in that shoulder. Though her pain persisted, Pate
continued working for the next two years. During that time, she
complained to her physician of pain in her right arm that she believed was
caused by carpal tunnel. Subsequent testing revealed she did not have
carpal tunnel, but doctors did not provide an alternative diagnosis to
explain her shoulder pain. Pate continued working and participated in
increasingly strenuous job duties. Her pain worsened until mid-2017, when
she finally informed a nurse practitioner about pain in her right shoulder
that had started a year earlier when she was swimming. An MRI conducted


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                    PATE v. SMITH’S/SEDGWICK CMS
                          Decision of the Court

soon after showed that Pate had a “full thickness rotator cuff tear” in her
right shoulder.

¶4            Theiler, a board-certified orthopedic surgeon, conducted an
independent medical exam of Pate. He testified that, after reviewing a
surveillance video of the incident, “there didn’t appear to be anything
significant about the fall” because Pate got up without exhibiting visible
signs of pain. Theiler also performed a limited physical exam of Pate,
noting she experienced an amount of pain that was “unusual and . . .
consistent with rather severe symptom amplification.” Based on this
physical exam, his review of the video, and because Pate sought intervening
medical treatment for other injuries and continued to work, Theiler
concluded Pate’s injury was not attributable to the April 2015 fall. None of
the information Pate provided him with, he explained, would make sense
if he assumed that she did in fact tear her rotator cuff when she fell.

¶5             Lederman, a board-certified orthopedic surgeon, testified on
Pate’s behalf. Lederman reviewed the employer’s original report of the
injury, the reports of other doctors who examined her, and the MRI, and
performed a limited physical exam of Pate. He opined “within a reasonable
degree of probability, that the fall was the only injury of substantial force to
cause a complete tear of the rotator cuff.” Unlike Theiler, however,
Lederman did not review the surveillance video showing Pate’s fall.

¶6            The ALJ ruled that the claim was not time-barred because
Pate first “became aware of the nature, seriousness, and compensable
nature of her injury in March 2017.” The ALJ then determined that Pate
failed to establish she sustained a compensable injury on April 26, 2015,
explaining that Theiler’s opinion on causation was “most probably correct
and well-founded.” In her request for review Pate asserted the ALJ needed
to make a factual finding regarding her credibility, relying on Post v.
Industrial Commission, 160 Ariz. 4 (1989). Although disagreeing that Pate’s
credibility was a material issue, the ALJ found Pate credible. Even so, the
ALJ went on to clarify that the dispositive issue in this case was “medical
causation.” Pate now seeks review by this court.

                               DISCUSSION

       A.     Dr. Theiler’s Opinion

¶7            Pate first contends that because Theiler concluded Pate was
not credible and injured her shoulder swimming, the ALJ’s finding that she
was credible eliminates the factual basis for Theiler’s opinion.



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                   PATE v. SMITH’S/SEDGWICK CMS
                         Decision of the Court

¶8             In reviewing the ICA’s awards and findings, we defer to the
ALJ’s factual findings but review legal questions de novo. Young v. Indus.
Comm’n, 204 Ariz. 267, 270, ¶ 14 (App. 2003). To establish a compensable
claim, an injured worker must prove the injury suffered was causally
related to the industrial accident, “which must be proved by competent
medical evidence when the results of the incident are not apparent to a
layman.” Yates v. Indus. Comm’n, 116 Ariz. 125, 127 (App. 1977) (collecting
cases). The ALJ must resolve conflicting evidence and “determine which of
the conflicting testimony is more probably correct,” a particularly
important duty when there is a conflict in expert testimony. Perry v. Indus.
Comm’n, 112 Ariz. 397, 398 (1975). When the ALJ resolves such a conflict,
we will not disturb that conclusion unless wholly unreasonable. Royal Globe
Ins. Co. v. Indus. Comm’n, 20 Ariz. App. 432, 434 (1973).

¶9            Although an award must be set aside when the ALJ adopts an
expert medical opinion that is not based in fact, Desert Insulations, Inc. v.
Indus. Comm’n, 134 Ariz. 148, 151 (App. 1982), we disagree with Pate’s
characterization of Theiler’s opinion in this case. It is true that, in his
written report, Theiler mentioned that the available medical records
indicated her shoulder complaints began after the swimming incident and
that the MRI findings appeared more consistent with her injuring her
shoulder in that incident. Because it was Pate’s burden to establish the
compensability of her claim, though, Theiler was not required to offer
alternative theories to explain how Pate injured her shoulder.

¶10            Instead, as the ALJ correctly explained the relevant issue was
whether the April 2015 fall caused Pate’s injury, not whether a different
incident did. The validity of Theiler’s opinion testimony addressing this
point did not turn on his surmise that Pate hurt herself swimming or on his
conclusion that she lacked credibility. In fact, Theiler did not even mention
Pate’s swimming incident during his testimony. In opining that Pate did
not suffer a torn rotator cuff in the fall, Theiler observed that her immediate
reaction to the fall and her failure to seek medical treatment for nearly two
years was entirely inconsistent with the severity of her injury. Pate does
not attack the other factual bases of Theiler’s opinion, nor does she attempt
to otherwise demonstrate that the ALJ’s exercise of her authority to adopt
that testimony was unreasonable. Moreover, the ALJ’s decision to adopt
Theiler’s testimony was not wholly unreasonable because, inter alia, Theiler
is a board-certified orthopedic surgeon, he examined Pate and her medical
records, and he was the only testifying expert who reviewed the video of
Pate’s fall. Accordingly, Pate fails to show the ALJ’s award is unsupported
by reasonable evidence.



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                    PATE v. SMITH’S/SEDGWICK CMS
                          Decision of the Court

       B.     Adequacy of Findings

¶11           Pate also argues the ALJ’s credibility finding created an
“irreconcilable conflict in the ALJ’s award” and the ALJ’s failure to explain
how this conflict was resolved requires us to set aside the award under Post.

¶12             Our cases require an ALJ to include such an explanation,
however, only when the conflict is material to resolving the case. Post, 160
Ariz. at 7 (noting that on “particular issue[s]” a lack of findings may “not
invalidate an award per se”); Sproul v. Indus. Comm’n, 91 Ariz. 128, 132–33
(1962) (“[I]t is not essential under our statute that specific findings of fact
be made on every issue which might be involved in a hearing, provided that
the findings as made are of such a nature that they necessarily dispose of all the
material issues involved.” (quoting Foster v. Indus. Comm’n, 46 Ariz. 90, 92
(1935))).

¶13           As the ALJ made clear, to the extent Pate’s credibility and
Theiler’s opinion conflicted, that conflict was not material to the issue of
medical causation. Pate’s injury was not obvious to a layman, a fact borne
out by the length of time it took for doctors to properly diagnose her injury
despite her complaints about pain in her right arm. In such a scenario, an
injured worker must establish causation through expert medical testimony
expressed in terms of reasonable medical probability. Payne v. Indus.
Comm’n, 136 Ariz. 105, 108 (1983). Thus, Pate’s own belief that she sustained
a compensable injury from her April 2015 fall was simply not relevant to
the ALJ’s resolution of the medical causation issue in this case. Instead,
because the nature of her injury was not immediate and obvious, Pate was
required to offer expert evidence on that subject. See Eldorado Ins. Co. v.
Indus. Comm’n, 27 Ariz. App. 667, 670 (1976) (“While most lay persons have
opinions and theories of their own as to how the human body functions,
our courts have decided that, in order to recover compensation, a standard
of expert evidence on the subject is required . . . .”). The record reflects that
the ALJ reviewed the relevant medical records and testimony, including
those favorable to Pate, concerning medical causation. As indicated above,
the ALJ explained why Theiler’s opinion on medical causation was more
probably correct and reasonable evidence supports that finding.

¶14          Post requires only that an ALJ explain his or her decision in a
way that permits meaningful judicial review of the material issues. Because
this award meets that standard, we will not set it aside on that basis.




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          PATE v. SMITH’S/SEDGWICK CMS
                Decision of the Court

                     CONCLUSION

¶15   We affirm the ICA’s award.




               AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court
                FILED: AA




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