     Case: 12-60008     Document: 00512009228         Page: 1     Date Filed: 10/04/2012




           IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT  United States Court of Appeals
                                                    Fifth Circuit

                                                                            FILED
                                                                          October 4, 2012
                                     No. 12-60008
                                   Summary Calendar                        Lyle W. Cayce
                                                                                Clerk

ROEL BAUDILIO PEREZ-MEHIA,

                                                  Petitioner

v.

ERIC H. HOLDER, JR., U. S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,

                                                  Respondent


                        Petition for Review of an Order of the
                           Board of Immigration Appeals
                                BIA No. A088 062 152


Before KING, CLEMENT, and HIGGINSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
        Roel Baudilio Perez-Mehia, a native and citizen of Guatemala, petitions
this court for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (BIA) decision
dismissing his appeal of the Immigration Judge’s (IJ) denial of his application
for withholding of removal. He contends that the IJ and BIA erred in denying
his application for withholding of removal because he established past
persecution on account of his membership in a particular social group and there
is a clear probability of future persecution against him if he is returned to

       *
         Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
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                                  No. 12-60008

Guatemala. The BIA determined that Perez-Mehia failed to establish that he
was a member of a particular social group because the defined group of “non-
criminals” was overly broad, lacked particularity and social visibility, and was
not marked by common immutable characteristics. The BIA additionally found
that Perez-Mehia failed to show a nexus between his membership in such a
group and the violence he would face at the hands of gang members. Before this
court, Perez-Mehia has not challenged the basis for the BIA’s denial of relief, and
thus such claims are abandoned. See Soadjede v. Ashcroft, 324 F.3d 830, 833
(5th Cir. 2003). To the extent Perez-Mehia attempts to refine his particular
social group by references to his age and gender, such claims are unexhausted
because they were not presented to the BIA. See Omari v. Holder, 562 F.3d 314,
321 (5th Cir. 2009).
      Moreover, Perez-Mehia has failed to show that the record compels a
finding that the BIA erred in its conclusion that Perez-Mehia was not entitled
to withholding of removal. We review the BIA’s decision and will consider the
IJ’s underlying decision only if it influenced the determination of the BIA.
Ontunez-Tursios v. Ashcroft, 303 F.3d 341, 348 (5th Cir. 2002). The BIA’s legal
conclusions are reviewed de novo and its findings of fact, such as an alien’s
eligibility for withholding of removal, are reviewed under the substantial
evidence test. Efe v. Ashcroft, 293 F.3d 899, 903, 906 (5th Cir. 2002). The
substantial evidence test requires that the decision be based on the evidence
presented and that the decision be substantially reasonable. Carbajal-Gonzalez
v. INS, 78 F.3d 194, 197 (5th Cir. 1996). We will affirm the BIA’s determination
“unless the evidence compels a contrary conclusion.” Id.
      To qualify for withholding of removal, the alien “must demonstrate a ‘clear
probability’ of persecution upon return.” Roy v. Ashcroft, 389 F.3d 132, 138 (5th
Cir. 2004). “A clear probability means that it is more likely than not that the
applicant’s life or freedom would be threatened by persecution on account of



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                                  No. 12-60008

either his race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or
political opinion.” Roy, 389 F.3d at 138.
      The BIA’s determination that Perez-Mehia failed to establish his eligibility
for withholding of removal is supported by substantial evidence. See Efe, 293
F.3d at 906. The BIA did not err in determining that the social group proposed
by Perez-Mehia was not a particular social group for purposes of the
Immigration and Nationality Act because it did not possess the requisite
immutability, social visibility, or particularity. See Mwembie v. Gonzales, 443
F.3d 405, 414-15 (5th Cir. 2006). Further, the BIA’s determination that Perez-
Mehia’s status as a non-criminal had no bearing on the possibility that he would
face violent acts from gang members is supported by substantial evidence. See
Orellana-Monson v. Holder, 685 F.3d 511, 522 (5th Cir. 2012). Consequently,
Perez-Mehia’s petition for review is DENIED.




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