                                                                                                                           Opinions of the United
2003 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


12-17-2003

USA v. Chalas
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 03-1334




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                                                               NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT


                                     No. 03-1334


                          UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

                                           v.

                                   JOSE CHALAS,
                                             Appellant


             APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                    FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY
                          D.C. Crim. No. 02-cr-00807-01
                  District Judge: The Honorable John C. Lifland


                      Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                November 21, 2003


              Before: RENDELL, BARRY, and MAGILL,* Circuit Judges


                          (Opinion Filed: December 17, 2003)


                                       OPINION




   *
     The Honorable Frank J. Magill, Senior Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals
for the Eighth Circuit, sitting by designation.
BARRY, Circuit Judge

       On October 28, 2002, appellant Jose Chalas pleaded guilty to a one-count

Information which charged him with conspiring to distribute more than 50 grams of

cocaine base, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1) and 846. Pursuant to a written plea

agreement, the government and Chalas stipulated that: (1) the applicable sentencing

guideline was § 2D1.1, and the amount of crack-cocaine attributable to Chalas was at

least 50 grams but not more than 150 grams, carrying a base offense level of 32; (2)

Chalas did not use violence or credible threats of violence or possess a firearm in

connection with the offense; (3) the offense did not result in death or serious bodily injury

to another person; (4) Chalas was not an organizer, leader, manager, or supervisor of

others, and was not engaged in a continuing criminal enterprise; (5) Chalas would be

eligible for a three-level reduction under U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1 if he continued to demonstrate

acceptance of responsibility; and (6) neither party would argue at sentencing for a

downward or upward departure or adjustment, except that Chalas reserved the right to

seek a two-level reduction in his offense level for his alleged minor role in the offense.

       The presentence report (“PSR”) concurred with the stipulations set forth in the

plea agreement, and also recommended a two-level reduction in the offense level because

Chalas satisfied the “safety-valve” criteria under U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2. (PSR ¶¶ 22, 62.)

Moreover, according to the PSR and as relevant here, Chalas’ participation in the offense

did not warrant a mitigating role adjustment because he (1) arranged for the undercover



                                             2
    agent to purchase the drugs, (2) negotiated the purchase price and accompanied the

    undercover agent and the cooperating witness to a location in order to meet the supplier,

    and (3) understood the scope of the conspiracy. (PSR ¶ 15.)

           At the sentencing hearing on January 27, 2003, Chalas argued for a two-level

    reduction in his offense level under U.S.S.G. 3B1.2(b) based on his purported minor role.

    The District Court rejected this argument, finding that: (1) Chalas was a “facilitator

    between parties who had no prior knowledge of each other”; (2) his “actions were critical

    to the success of the venture”; and (3) he was fully aware of the nature and scope of the

    criminal enterprise, as demonstrated by his “transfer of a certain amount of crack cocaine

    for a certain price” and his expectation to be paid “somewhere in the neighborhood of ten

    percent of the purchase price.” (App. at 39A-40A.) Thus, the District Court concluded,

    Chalas failed to prove that he was “substantially less culpable than the average participant

    in this transaction,” and sentenced him to 70 months’ imprisonment. 1 (App. at 40A.)

           Chalas filed a timely appeal and argues that he is entitled to a minor role

    adjustment. W e have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 18 U.S.C. § 3742(a).

           A sentencing court’s factual findings with respect to whether a role adjustment is

    warranted under U.S.S.G. § 3B1.2 are reviewed for clear error. United States v. Perez,

    280 F.3d 318 (3d Cir. 2002). Courts are afforded broad discretion in applying § 3B1.2,




       1
1       Chalas’ total offense level was 27, and his criminal history category was I. The
2   resulting guideline imprisonment range was 70 to 87 months.

                                                 3
and “their rulings are left largely undisturbed by the courts of appeal.” United States v.

Isaza-Zapata, 148 F.3d 236, 238 (3d Cir. 1998).

       U.S.S.G. § 3B1.2 allows a two-level reduction in the offense level of a defendant

whose role was minor. A minor participant is one “who is less culpable than most other

participants, but whose role could not be described as minimal.” U.S.S.G. § 3B1.2,

Application Note 5; United States v. Brown, 250 F.3d 811, 819 (3d Cir. 2001). In

assessing whether a defendant played a minor role, the following factors are considered:

“the nature of the defendant’s relationship to the other participants, the importance of the

defendant’s actions to the success of the venture, and the defendant’s awareness of the

nature and scope of the criminal enterprise.” Id. at 239 (quoting United States v. Headley,

923 F.2d 1079, 1084 (3d Cir. 1991)) (internal quotations and citations omitted).

       Chalas introduced the undercover agent to the drug supplier, knew the price of the

drugs and relayed that information to the buyer, personally turned the drugs over to the

undercover agent and received money from him, and expected to be paid $200 to $250 for

the transaction. He played an instrumental role in the transaction which, it is clear, could

not have taken place without him. The District Court’s findings that Chalas’ actions were

critical to the success of the venture, and that he was fully aware of the nature and scope

of the criminal enterprise, were not clearly erroneous. See also United States v. Edwards,

98 F.3d 1364, 1371 (D.C. Cir. 1996) (determining that defendant did not play a minor

role in the offense because she “handled the drugs and exchanged them for money,” and



                                             4
“requested payment in drugs for her services in arranging the deal”). Accordingly, we

will affirm the judgment of sentence.




                                         By The Court,

                                         /s/ Maryanne Trump Barry
                                         Circuit Judge
