[Cite as State v. Settle, 2017-Ohio-703.]


                                     IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

                                 ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                      TRUMBULL COUNTY, OHIO


STATE OF OHIO,                                   :        OPINION

                  Plaintiff-Appellee,            :
                                                          CASE NO. 2015-T-0119
         - vs -                                  :

MICHAEL BENJAMIN SETTLE,                         :

                  Defendant-Appellant.           :


Criminal Appeal from the Trumbull County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2014 CR
00557.

Judgment: Affirmed.


Dennis Watkins, Trumbull County Prosecutor, and LuWayne Annos, Assistant
Prosecutor, Administration Building, Fourth Floor, 160 High Street, N.W., Warren, OH
44481-1092 (For Plaintiff-Appellee).

Michael A. Partlow, 112 South Water Street, Suite C., Kent, OH                 44240 (For
Defendant-Appellant).



THOMAS R. WRIGHT, J.


         {¶1}     Appellant, Michael Benjamin Settle, appeals his criminal conviction in the

Trumbull County Court of Common Pleas on one count of aggravated murder and four

other felony offenses. He seeks reversal on the grounds that the jury instructions on the

issue of accomplice testimony were flawed; he was denied effective assistance of trial

counsel; and the jury verdicts on all five counts were against the manifest weight of the
evidence. For the following reasons, the conviction is affirmed in all respects.

       {¶2}   In February 2014, Beau Palmer began sharing a home with his girlfriend,

Tawny Stewart, and her young child on Linden Avenue in Warren, Ohio. After living by

themselves for a short period, Palmer and Stewart agreed to allow Tiffany Cassander to

move in with them because she was pregnant and did not have a home. Since James

Stein was dating Cassander at the time, Palmer and Stewart also allowed him to move

into the home. In addition, since appellant was distantly related to Stewart, he would

sometimes be permitted to sleep on the living room couch.

       {¶3}   Even though only Stewart’s name was on the lease, the four housemates

agreed to split the costs of living in the home. To pay his share, Palmer made money

as a tattoo artist and also sold illegal drugs. One of his steady drug clients was Tyler

Meardith, who resided in a nearby apartment on Grant Street. Palmer also occasionally

sold illegal drugs to Lisa Prater, who lived in her own home at 918 South Street.

       {¶4}   On the morning of April 7, 2014, Stewart told Palmer that they would soon

be evicted from their house if he did not raise the funds for their monthly rent payment.

As a result, Palmer ordered Stein, who sometimes sold drugs on Palmer’s behalf, to go

and collect as much money as possible from their clients. Appellant went with Stein to

help with this task. In the meantime, Palmer attempted to drum up clients for his tattoo

business on the internet. When this did not prove successful by mid afternoon, Palmer

left the house in order to avoid further confrontation with Stewart.

       {¶5}   After buying more liquor, Palmer went to Meardith’s apartment and found

that Stein and appellant were already there trying to collect funds Meardith owed Stein

on a prior drug deal.   When Meardith convinced the other three men he could not pay




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the debt at that time, the discussion turned to the possibility of engaging in a robbery to

obtain the funds Palmer needed. Initially, the four men agreed to break into a municipal

garage for the purpose of taking money and drugs contained in an impounded vehicle.

In furtherance of the plan, three of the men, appellant, Palmer, and Meardith, dressed in

dark clothing designed to disguise their identities. Joined by a fifth individual, Anthony

Bolino, the group left the apartment complex in two vehicles.

       {¶6}   Supposedly, upon arriving in the area of the municipal garage, the group

decided not to go through with the break-in because there were too many people near

the garage. After driving around for a short period, the group chose to switch vehicles,

parking the two originals and all five men getting into a car owned by Bolino’s mother.

During this same period, the group decided to burglarize Lisa Prater’s home because

Palmer was familiar with her as a result of prior drug deals.

       {¶7}   On the evening in question, Prater had invited James Levels, a long-time

friend, over to her home to play backgammon and watch movies. Since other persons

leased other sections of the home, Prater and Levels stayed in her bedroom throughout

the evening. This room was directly adjacent to the living room where the front door of

the home was located.

       {¶8}   When the group of five men arrived in the area of Prater’s home, appellant

was in the backseat of the vehicle with Meardith and Stein. According to Meardith and

Stein, Bolino pulled past the residence and backed the car into a driveway a few houses

down. At that point, a short discussion was had concerning who should actually commit

the burglary. Ultimately, it was decided that Palmer would not participate because there

was a chance that Prater would recognize him. Therefore, only Meardith and appellant




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exited the vehicle and walked back to the residence. In addition to their dark clothing,

appellant wore a ski mask over his face and Meardith wore a hooded sweatshirt. Only

appellant was carrying a firearm.

       {¶9}   When Meardith knocked on the front door, Prater came from the bedroom

to the door, looked through the “peep” hole, and asked who it was without opening the

door. Meardith responded that someone had sent them to her home. When Prater did

not recognize the name, she yelled through the door that there was no one in the home

for them to see and told them to go away. She returned to the bedroom and was about

to continue her game with Levels when she heard the door being kicked in. According

to Meardith, he was turning to leave the front porch when appellant kicked the door in.

       {¶10} Both of the intruders immediately entered Prater’s bedroom. According to

her, she could not see either of the intruders’ faces, but the intruder wearing the ski

mask was pointing a firearm at her and Levels. Initially, the man with the firearm, i.e.,

appellant, ordered the other intruder to search the house. When that intruder returned

to the bedroom empty-handed, both Prater and Levels began to protest that they did not

have anything of value for the intruders to take.

       {¶11} Despite appellant’s warning to Levels to remain seated in a chair, he tried

to get up a couple of times and walked toward the bedroom door. Each time, appellant

told him to sit back down, and Levels complied. After Meardith returned to the bedroom

from his search, appellant took a few steps back toward the doorway, and Levels again

got up to try to leave. This time, Levels did not stop and tried to walk past appellant. As

Levels approached the doorway, appellant shot him.

       {¶12} According to Meardith, when appellant fired that first shot, he immediately




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ran from the bedroom and out the front door. According to Prater, notwithstanding the

fact that Levels was injured by the first shot, he still tried to take a couple of steps. As a

result, the armed intruder, i.e. appellant, shot Levels a second time, causing him to fall

into a dresser. Appellant then backed up through the bedroom doorway, tripped over

Prater’s dog, and went out on the front porch. Within a few seconds, he reentered the

home, came into the bedroom, and shot Prater in the chest as she was lying on the bed.

When she tried to get up, appellant shot her a second time in the leg.

       {¶13} Following the second shot, appellant again retreated from the home and

did not return. Levels immediately died from the gunshot wounds. However, Prater

survived her serious wounds and was able to call 911.

       {¶14} Upon exiting the home, appellant ran back to the car that was still parked

in the adjacent driveway. Meardith did not go back to the car, instead choosing to run

back to his apartment. Ultimately, all five men met back at Meardith’s place. According

to Stein, when he asked appellant what had happened inside the house, appellant said

that the man, i.e., Levels, tried to take the gun away, thereby forcing appellant to shoot

him. But when Stein asked Meardith the same question, Meardith stated that appellant

shot Levels for no reason. Allegedly, Meardith’s statement caused appellant to threaten

him with harm unless he kept his mouth shut.

       {¶15} Since Prater could not provide a description of either of the intruders, the

police had no solid leads immediately after the incident. Prior to the end of April 2014,

though, Stein approached a city policeman and stated that he had information regarding

the Levels murder. After a series of interviews with a city detective, Stein admitted his

role in the burglary of the Prater residence. In turn, this led to admissions by Meardith




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and Palmer. Subsequently, all three men entered into plea agreements with the state,

under which they were required to testify against appellant.

         {¶16} During the period between the Prater burglary and appellant’s arrest, he

began dating Diane Boyce. Although the courtship was only two months, appellant

married Boyce on June 23, 2014.         Both before and after their marriage, he made

statements to Boyce concerning the burglary and murder. At one point, he specifically

drove her past the location where the incident took place. Prior to appellant’s trial, the

trial court found that Boyce was competent to testify as to any pre-marital statement

made by appellant, so long as she was willing to testify. Boyce agreed to testify for the

state.

         {¶17} In July 2014, the county grand jury indicted appellant on single counts of

aggravated murder, felonious assault, aggravated burglary, aggravated robbery, having

a weapon while under a disability, and tampering with evidence. Each of the first four

charges also contained firearm specifications. A four-day jury trial then went forward in

September 2015. The state primarily relied upon the testimony of Boyce and the three

accomplices, Meardith, Palmer, and Stein. The defense did not present any evidence in

response. At the close of the evidence, the jury found appellant not guilty on the count

of tampering with evidence, but guilty on the remaining five counts and the four firearm

specifications.

         {¶18} For sentencing purposes, the trial court merged the counts of aggravated

burglary, aggravated robbery, and having a weapon while under a disability into the sole

aggravated murder count. Thus, appellant was only sentenced for aggravated murder,

felonious assault, and the two accompanying firearm specifications for those counts. As




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to the remaining counts, the trial court imposed consecutive terms of thirty years to life

and eight years. In relation to the firearm specifications, the court ordered him to serve

two consecutive three-year terms, and further ordered that both of these terms were to

run consecutive to the terms on the main counts. Therefore, appellant’s aggregate term

is forty-four years to life.

       {¶19} In this direct appeal of his conviction, appellant raises three assignments

for review:

       {¶20} “[1.] The trial court erred and abused its discretion by failing to give the

jury instruction contained in alternative number two of the Ohio Jury Instructions

concerning accomplice testimony.

       {¶21} “[2.] The appellant received ineffective assistance of trial counsel.

       {¶22} “[3.] The appellant’s convictions are against the manifest weight of the

evidence.”

       {¶23} Under his first assignment, appellant challenges the complicity jury

instruction because the trial court did not follow verbatim Ohio Jury Instructions (OJI)

(2016), Section CR 409.17. He claims that the exclusion of language failed to convey

that accomplice testimony is to be reviewed with great caution and grave suspicion.

       {¶24} Although OJI is helpful to the formulation of a jury instruction, it is not

binding:

       {¶25} “‘“The instructions found in Ohio Jury Instructions are not mandatory.

Rather, they are recommended instructions based primarily upon case law and statutes,

crafted by eminent jurists to assist trial judges with correctly and efficiently charging the

jury as to the law applicable to a particular case. Requiring a trial court to rigidly follow




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these instructions would remove judicial discretion and control from the trial proceedings

and not allow the flexibility necessary to manage the various situations that arise during

a jury trial.”’ State v. Shaffer, 11th Dist. No. 2001-T-0036, 2003-Ohio-6701, at ¶44,

quoting State v. Martens (1993), 90 Ohio App.3d 338, 343, 629 N.E.2d 462.” State v.

Teachout, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2006-L-081, 2007-Ohio-1642, ¶20. See also State v.

Morales, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-09-1119, 2010-Ohio-3061, ¶18; State v. Berry, 159 Ohio

App.3d 476, 2004-Ohio-6027, ¶22 (12th Dist.).

       {¶26} The trial court’s jury instruction regarding accomplice testimony was:

       {¶27} “You have heard testimony from Tyler Meardith, Beau Miller (sic), James

Stein, other persons who have pleaded guilty to crimes charged in this case and are

said to be accomplices. An accomplice is one who joins another in the commission of a

crime. Whether Tyler Meardith, Beau Palmer and James Stein were accomplices and

the weight to give to their testimony are matters for you to determine from all of the facts

and circumstances in evidence.

       {¶28} “The testimony of an accomplice that is supported by other evidence does

not become inadmissible because of his complicity, moral turpitude or self-interest but

the admitted or claimed complicity of a witness may affect his credibility and make his

testimony subject to grave suspicion and require that it be weighed with great caution.

       {¶29} “It is for you as jurors, in light of all of the facts presented to you from the

witness stand to evaluate such testimony and determine its quality and worth or its lack

of quality and worth. An accomplice may have special motive in testifying, and you

should carefully examine an accomplice’s testimony.” (Emphasis added.)

       {¶30} The italicized portion of the foregoing quote is worded consistently with a




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mandated jury instruction set forth in Ohio’s complicity statute, R.C. 2923.03. Division

(D) of the statute provides that if an alleged accomplice testifies against the defendant

during a criminal trial, the trial court must give the jury a specific instruction. Division (D)

then provides a quote of the exact instruction to be used. Except for the phrase “that is

supported by other evidence” in the first sentence of the italicized language, the trial

court in our case quoted the mandated statutory instruction verbatim. To this extent, the

instruction complies with the governing state law.

       {¶31} As noted above, the last sentence in the trial court’s instruction states that

an accomplice’s testimony must be considered carefully because the accomplice might

have a special motive for testifying. This sentence is not italicized in the quote because

it is not included in the required instruction under R.C. 2923.03(D). Rather, as appellant

correctly points out, the trial court quoted the sentence from a separate source.

       {¶32} OJI Section CR 409.17 sets forth two alternative instructions regarding the

issue of an accomplice’s testimony. A comparison of the trial court’s instruction with the

two alternatives shows that the court primarily followed Alternative No. 2, which contains

three sections. Like the first paragraph of the trial court’s instruction, section (A) of the

OJI instruction defines who can be considered an accomplice and states that it is for the

jury to decide how much weight to afford the testimony of any witness found to be an

accomplice. Section (B) then quotes the mandated instruction under R.C. 2923.03(D).

Last, section (C) of the OJI instruction provides:

       {¶33} “(C) An accomplice may have special motives in testifying, and you should

carefully examine an accomplice’s testimony and use it with great caution and view it

with grave suspicion.” (Emphasis added.)




                                               9
       {¶34} Again, none of the language in section (C) is in the mandated instruction

under R.C. 2923.03(D). The trial court chose to include the first two phrases of section

(C) in its instruction, but did not use the italicized portion. Appellant submits that the

decision to exclude the italicized portion rendered the entire instruction flawed.

       {¶35} Although the italicized portion of section (C) is not included in R.C.

2923.03(D), that instruction contains similar language. That is, the statutory instruction

states that the admitted complicity of a witness can affect his credibility “and make his

testimony subject to grave suspicion, and require that it be weighed with great caution.”

In light of the fact that the trial court quoted all of the R.C. 2923.03(D) instruction, the

foregoing language was read to the jury.

       {¶36} Appellant maintains that, by both quoting the entire statutory instruction in

section (B) in its proposed instruction and then including additional “great caution-grave

suspicion” language in section (C), the authors of the OJI instruction believed the point

was so important that it had to be emphasized to the jury. However, once the trial court

quoted the entire R.C. 2923.03(D) instruction, the jury was fully aware that it must view

the testimony of appellant’s three accomplices with great caution and grave suspicion.

To this extent, the “great caution-grave suspicion” language in section (C) is repetitive

and did not add anything of substance to the trial court’s instruction.

       {¶37} “An appellate court reviews a trial court’s decision to give a particular set

of jury instructions under an abuse of discretion standard. State v. Martens, 90 Ohio

App.3d 338, 343, 629 N.E.2d 462 (3d Dist.1993). If, however, the jury instructions

incorrectly state the law, then an appellate court will conduct a de novo review to

determine whether the incorrect jury instruction probably misled the jury in a matter




                                            10
materially affecting the complaining party’s substantial rights. State v. Kovacic, 11th

Dist. No. 2010-L-018, 2010-Ohio-5663, ¶17.         Furthermore, an appellate court must

review jury instructions in the context of the entire charge. State v. Hardy, 28 Ohio

St.2d 89, 92, 276 N.E.2d 247 (1971), In Hardy, the court held:

       {¶38} “‘In determining the question of prejudicial error in instructions to the jury,

the charge must be taken as a whole, and the portion that is claimed to be erroneous or

incomplete must be considered in its relation to, and as it affects and is affected by the

other parts of the charge. If from the entire charge it appears that a correct statement of

the law was given in such a manner that the jury could not have been misled, no

prejudicial error results’” State v. Barker, 11th Dist. Portage No. 2010-P-0044, 2012-

Ohio-522, ¶91-92.

       {¶39} Considered as a whole, the trial court’s instruction concerning the jury’s

consideration of accomplice testimony correctly states the governing law and did not

mislead the jury as to how it was required to view such testimony. Thus, as the court

did not abuse its discretion, appellant’s first assignment lacks merit.

       {¶40} Under his next assignment, appellant asserts that he was denied effective

assistance of trial counsel when his attorney failed to timely object to certain testimony

given by Diane Boyce during her direct testimony. In response to a specific question by

the prosecutor, Boyce testified that appellant expressly asked her to provide an alibi for

him in relation to the night of the incident, but that she refused his request because her

relationship with appellant did not begin until approximately ten days after the incident.

Appellant argues that his attorney should have immediately objected because, prior to

asking the question, the state did not lay a proper foundation as to whether the request




                                             11
for an alibi was made before they were married in June 2014. He further argues that if

a timely objection had been made, trial counsel could have moved the trial court for an

in-chamber hearing during which Boyce could have testified concerning when the alibi

request was made.

       {¶41} As noted above, as part of a pre-trial determination, the trial court held that

Boyce was only competent to testify regarding statements appellant made to her prior to

their marriage. Accordingly, if the alibi request was made post-marriage, the testimony

in question was inadmissible. The record verifies that trial counsel made no objection

when the issue of the alibi request was initially raised. However, at the end of Boyce’s

direct testimony, appellant’s counsel asked for a side-bar conference, during which he

moved the trial court for permission to cross-examine Boyce about a letter she wrote to

appellant while he was being held in the county jail. According to trial counsel, Boyce

said in the letter that she and appellant were together the night of the incident.

       {¶42} At that point, the trial proceedings were suspended, and an in-chambers

hearing was held. Boyce was then specifically questioned concerning when she wrote

the letter to appellant. But no questions were asked as to when appellant made his oral

request to her to provide him an alibi for the underlying crime. The only reference to the

timing of the alibi request was made by the prosecutor, who stated in-chambers that the

alibi request was mentioned in a copy of a text message that the police photographed

on May 12, 2014, more than a month before appellant and Boyce were married.

       {¶43} Given the trial court’s pre-trial ruling regarding Boyce’s testimony, the lack

of an objection to Boyce’s alibi testimony would only be prejudicial if appellant made the

request after they were married. Since Boyce was never questioned as to the timing of




                                             12
the alibi request, it cannot be determined, based upon the record in this appeal, whether

trial counsel’s failure to object was prejudicial.

       {¶44} As a general proposition, “defense counsel is not ineffective unless his or

her performance fell below an objective standard of reasonable representation, and the

defendant is prejudiced from that performance. State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136,

143, 538 N.E.2d 373 (1989).” State v. Long, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2013-L-102, 2014-

Ohio-4416, ¶29. Given the lack of any direct evidence demonstrating that appellant’s

alibi request to Diane Boyce was made after their marriage, he cannot meet the second

requirement for ineffective assistance of trial counsel. Appellant’s second assignment is

also without merit.

       {¶45} Under his third assignment, appellant maintains his conviction on all five

charges must be reversed as against the manifest weight of the evidence. He contends

that the testimony of the three accomplices, Meardith, Palmer, and Stein, contained so

many inconsistencies that the jury should have found all three incredible. According to

appellant, the discrepancies between the three versions of events were so great that a

reasonable juror could only find that all three men were lying about his involvement in

the incident in order to obfuscate their own involvement in the robbery and murder.

       {¶46} Appellant focuses upon the testimony of the three accomplices because,

according to him, they were the only state witnesses who directly connected him to the

crimes in question. But the record shows otherwise. During her direct testimony, Boyce

quoted appellant as telling her that the first robbery/murder in the City of Warren for the

year 2014 was “his.” In conjunction with this statement, he specifically drove her to the

street where Prater lived and pointed to the place where the crimes occurred.




                                              13
       {¶47} As to the three accomplices, the record demonstrates that, in regard to the

events that occurred prior to the outset of the burglary, Palmer’s testimony significantly

differed from that of Meardith and Stein. For example, according to Palmer, Bolino did

not park the vehicle in a driveway immediately before appellant and Meardith got out

and walked toward the residence; instead, Palmer testified that Bolino stopped the car

in the street, let appellant and Meardith out, and then circled the block while they went

inside the Prater residence. However, Palmer further testified that he had been drinking

hard liquor the entire day before the group left Meardith’s apartment to commit the

robbery.   This explains why his memory of the events was not as clear the other

accomplices. In addition, many aspects of Palmer’s testimony were consistent with the

version told by Meardith and Stein.       As to the robbery, Palmer stated that it was

appellant and Meardith who exited the vehicle near Prater’s home, that only appellant

got back into the vehicle after the robbery was over, and that appellant smelled like

gunpowder after the incident.

       {¶48} The testimonies of Meardith and Stein were fairly consistent in regard to

the important facts of the incident.     Appellant contends that these witnesses gave

conflicting testimony as to the location of the car during the robbery. The record does

not support this contention. Both Meardith and Stein testified that Bolino backed the

vehicle into the driveway of a structure a few houses down from the Prater residence.

As to this point, the only difference between their versions was that Meardith thought

the driveway was to an apartment complex, while Stein stated the driveway was to a

house. Moreover, to the extent that they were both able to testify as the specifics of the

robbery, Meardith’s and Stein’s testimonies did not conflict; i.e., both men testified that it




                                             14
was appellant and Meardith who exited the vehicle and walked up to the residence, and

that appellant had possession of the firearm.

       {¶49} Meardith was the only accomplice who could testify as to the events inside

the Prater residence. Although minor aspects of his testimony conflicted with Prater’s

testimony, their respective versions were essentially consistent concerning the events

that took place until Levels was shot for the first time. Furthermore, there was no part of

Meardith’s testimony which was so incredulous as to render his entire version of the

events unbelievable.

       {¶50} In addition, during each of the three accomplices’ testimony, the nature of

their plea agreements with the state was fully explained. Moreover, defense counsel

had the opportunity to cross-examine each accomplice as to their motives for testifying.

Thus, the jury was fully aware of challenges to the accomplices’ credibility as part of its

deliberations.

       {¶51} “[A] manifest-weight challenge ‘concerns “the inclination of the greater

amount of credible evidence * * * to support one side of the issue rather that the other.”’

(Emphasis sic.) State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387, 1997 Ohio 52, 678 N.E.2d

541 (1997), quoting Black’s Law Dictionary 1594 (6th Ed. 1990). A manifest-weight

challenge requires us to consider the entire record, including the credibility of the

witnesses, the weight of the evidence, and any reasonable inferences and determine

whether ‘“the [jury] clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of

justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial order.”’ Id., quoting State v.

Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175, 20 Ohio B. 215, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983);

accord R.C. 2953.02.” State v. Montgomery, 2016-Ohio-5487, __ N.E.3d__, ¶75.




                                            15
      {¶52} In this case, appellant has not established that the jury lost its way or that

a manifest miscarriage of justice took place. The state presented substantial credible

evidence demonstrating that appellant broke into the Prater residence, murdered Levels

with the firearm he was carrying, and then shot Prater twice. Hence, since appellant’s

conviction on the five charges was not against the manifest weight of the evidence, his

third assignment is not well-taken.

      {¶53} The judgment of the Trumbull County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.



DIANE V. GRENDELL, J.,

COLLEEN MARY O’TOOLE, J.,

concur.




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