                                                                          FILED
                                                              United States Court of Appeals
                                                                      Tenth Circuit

                     UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                 March 18, 2008
                                                                  Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                            FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT                     Clerk of Court


    UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                Plaintiff-Appellee,

    v.                                                   No. 08-7014
                                              (D.C. No. 6:06-CR-00047-RAW-1)
    WINFRED JAMES GRIGSBY,                               (E.D. Okla.)
    a/k/a Winford Gale Grigsby,

                Defendant-Appellant.


                            ORDER AND JUDGMENT *


Before BRISCOE, LUCERO, and GORSUCH, Circuit Judges.



         Appellant Winfred James Grigsby appeals the district court’s revocation of

supervised release and its order of detention pending his re-trial on a charge of

aggravated sexual abuse of a minor in Indian country. We affirm.




*
       After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is
not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata,
and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value
consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
                                  Background

      Mr. Grigsby was accused of sexually abusing his five-and-a-half-year-old

grandniece during a sleep-over at his house, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1151,

1153, 2241, and 2246(2)(C) (Aggravated Sexual Abuse of a Minor in Indian

Country). “[C]ases involving sex crimes against minors,” are considered violent

crimes because “there is always a substantial risk that physical force will be used

to ensure a child’s compliance with an adult’s sexual demands.” United States v.

Munro, 394 F.3d 865, 870 (10th Cir. 2005) (quotation omitted). Thus, the

charged crime meets the definition of “crime of violence” under the Bail Reform

Act, 18 U.S.C. § 3156(a)(4)(B).

      For the release of such a defendant, “a judicial officer must hold a hearing

on motion of the government to determine if any conditions would permit the safe

release of the charged defendant.” United States v. Ingle, 454 F.3d 1082, 1084

(10th Cir. 2006) (citing 18 U.S.C. § 3142(f)(1)(A)). The court’s decision is to be

guided by four factors: (1) the nature and circumstances of the offense; (2) the

weight of the evidence; (3) the history and characteristics of the defendant; and

(4) the nature and seriousness of the danger to any person or the community.

18 U.S.C. § 3142(g)(1)-(4).

      After Mr. Grigsby was indicted in August 2006, the court ordered detention

pending trial. Approximately a month later, the court held a hearing on

Mr. Grigsby’s motion for revocation of the detention order. The court heard

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testimony that Mr. Grigsby was over 70 years old, had a profound hearing loss

(but no hearing aids), emphysema, bad eyesight, and, due to surgery, only half a

stomach. He lived with one of his sons, Winfred Grigsby, Jr., in a home close to

many other family members. He had never traveled more than ten miles from his

residence.

      Considering the statutory factors in light of Mr. Grigsby’s age and

infirmities, the court found that it could impose a combination of conditions that

would reasonably assure the safety of other persons and the community.

Specifically, Mr. Grigsby was ordered into the custody of his son Winfred Junior

and a niece, who both agreed to supervise him in accordance with all the

conditions of release. These conditions required Mr. Grigsby to avoid all contact

with children under the age of 18 and potential witnesses; remain at home except

for pre-approved medical appointments, religious services, and court appearances;

refrain from excessive use of alcohol; and agree to warrantless searches by law

enforcement and probation officers. In addition, Mr. Grigsby was required to

install a land line so that his location could be electronically monitored and

advise the probation office of any contact with law enforcement personnel.

      In December 2006, Mr. Grigsby was tried and found guilty of the charged

offense. The court, however, granted Mr. Grigsby’s motion for a new trial and

allowed him to remain free on the pre-trial terms of release. During the summer

of 2007, a probation officer moved to revoke bail because Winfred Junior had

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been arrested, but no one had informed the probation office of this contact with

law enforcement. The court denied the motion, concluding that Mr. Grigsby

could have been unaware of a duty to report his son’s arrest. The court then

substituted another son, Larry Grigsby as custodian for purposes of the

requirements of the release order and stated that other family members must

fulfill the custodial obligations on brief occasions when Larry was unavailable.

At the conclusion of the hearing, the court advised defendant of the seriousness of

the situation and warned that a violation would result in revocation of release.

      In October of 2007, a probation officer sought to modify Mr. Grigsby’s

conditions of release. The district court agreed and, without holding a hearing,

issued an order on October 15, 2007. The order barred Winfred Junior from the

residence, replaced Rose Gutillo with Marcia Grigsby (a daughter) as the second

custodian, and required either Marcia or Larry Grigsby to be with defendant at all

times. During a home visit on December 19, 2007, however, the probation officer

found defendant and three other individuals unrelated to Mr. Grigsby. Neither of

the named custodians was present.

      The next day, the officer filed another motion to revoke pretrial release.

The court held an evidentiary hearing on the motion and determined that

Mr. Grigsby had violated the October 15 order, revoked the release order, and

remanded Mr. Grigsby to the custody of United States Marshal. Mr. Grigsby

moved for reconsideration, arguing that he should not be held responsible for the

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failings of his custodians, that he could have believed he was in compliance with

the conditions of release, and that he met the court’s primary concerns by

remaining at home without contacts with children. The court denied the motion

for failure to rebut the statutory presumption of the need for his detention to

reasonably assure the safety of any other person and the community.

                                     Discussion

      Generally, a bail appeal presents questions of fact and mixed questions of

law and fact. United States v. Cisneros, 328 F.3d 610, 613 (10th Cir. 2003). This

court “appl[ies] de novo review to mixed questions of law and fact concerning the

detention or release decision, but we accept the district court’s findings of

historical fact which support that decision unless they are clearly erroneous.” Id.

      Mr. Grigsby’s counsel emphasizes his medical condition but does not make

well-developed legal arguments. Contrary to his contentions, he has not

demonstrated that he reasonably misapprehended the conditions of release, that he

lacked notice of the need to report his custodians’ violations of the rules, or that

he substantially complied with the court’s requirements. Taken together, the

district court’s serial orders clearly set out the conditions of release and

adequately address the § 3142(g) factors. We see no error in the district court’s




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determination that Mr. Grigsby presents a danger to society and a risk of flight.

AFFIRMED.



                                       ENTERED FOR THE COURT
                                       PER CURIAM




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