J-S79034-14

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,             : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                          :        PENNSYLVANIA
                 Appellee                 :
                                          :
                    v.                    :
                                          :
OMAR COPELAND,                            :
                                          :
                 Appellant                : No. 1213 EDA 2014

     Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered February 21, 2014,
           in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County,
           Criminal Division, at No(s): CP-51-CR-0001951-2007
                          CP-51-CR-0005235-2009

BEFORE:     ALLEN, OLSON, and STRASSBURGER, JJ.*

MEMORANDUM BY STRASSBURGER, J.:                 FILED FEBRUARY 10, 2015

      Omar Copeland (Appellant) appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered February 21, 2014 following the revocation of his probation at the

above-captioned case numbers. We affirm.

      The violation court set forth the relevant factual and procedural history

of this case as follows.

            In the first case, CP-51-CR-0001951-2007, [Appellant]
      was arrested on December 3, 2006 and charged with a variety of
      drug offenses. On December 14, 2007 [Appellant] appeared
      before the Honorable Leslie Fleisher, now retired, and pled guilty
      to one count of possession with intent to deliver a controlled
      substance (PWID) and was sentenced to 9 to 23 months [of]
      confinement, followed by 2 years [of] consecutive reporting
      probation. He received credit for time served and was
      immediately released on parole. [The violation] court was
      assigned Judge Fleisher’s case upon her retirement. In the
      second case, CP-51-CR-0005235-2009, [Appellant] was arrested
      on April 10, 2009, and charged with a variety of weapons and
      drug offenses, while serving probation in CP-51-CR-0001951-


*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S79034-14


        2007. On March 8, 2010, [Appellant] appeared before [the
        violation] court, entered into a negotiated guilty plea to PWID
        and received a sentence of 11 ½ to 23 months [of] confinement,
        followed by 3 years [of] consecutive reporting probation, at CP-
        51-CR-0005235-2009. [Appellant] did not appeal his March 8,
        2010 conviction. Because [Appellant] was convicted of a crime
        which occurred during his probationary term, a Gagnon II[1]
        hearing was held on April 9, 2010 where [the violation] court
        found him in direct and technical violation and revoked the
        probation imposed by Judge Fleisher, at CP-51-CR-0001951-
        2007. His sentencing hearing was deferred until June 18, 2010,
        at which time [Appellant] was resentenced to 21 to 42 months
        [of] confinement followed by 18 months [of] consecutive
        reporting probation on the first case, at CP-51-CR-0001951-
        2007. [Appellant] did not appeal his June 18, 2010 sentence.

               On September 4, 2013, while serving probationary terms
        in the two separate cases, both imposed by [the trial] court, at
        CP-51-CR-0001951-2007 and at CP-51-CR-0005235-2009,
        [Appellant] was arrested and charged with a variety of weapons
        and assault offenses, at CP-51-CR-0013639-2013. Thereafter, [a
        Commonwealth v. Kates, 305 A.2d 701 (Pa. 1973)2] hearing
        was held prior to trial on the new criminal charges. On February
        21, 2014, at the [Kates] hearing, [Appellant] was found to be in
        violation of both probationary sentences imposed by this court
        on March 8, 2010 and June 18, 2010—respectively at CP-51-CR-
        0005235-2009 and CP-51-CR-0001951-2007. Immediately
        following the [Kates] hearing, [Appellant] was sentenced to a
        concurrent term of 2 1/2 to 5 years [of] state incarceration, for
        violating probation in these cases, at CP-51-CR-0001951-2007
        and CP-51-CR-0005235-2009.

             On February 28, 2014, [Appellant] filed a Motion to
        Reconsider and Modify Sentence pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P.
        708(E). The motion was denied on March 7, 2014 and

1
    Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778 (1973).
2
  In Kates, our Supreme Court held that when a probationer has been
charged with a new offense, his probation may be revoked prior to a trial on
the new charge so long as the court supervising the probationer holds a
hearing on the matter. Id.


                                      -2-
J-S79034-14


      [Appellant] consequently filed a Notice of Appeal on April 4,
      2014. On April 16, 2014, [the violation] court ordered
      [Appellant] to file a Statement of [Errors] Complained of on
      Appeal in accordance with Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). On May 14, 2014,
      said statement was filed by [Appellant].

Trial Court Opinion, 7/10/2014, at 1-3 (footnotes omitted).

      On appeal, Appellant claims that the evidence was insufficient to

establish that he violated his probation “on the basis that he possessed a

firearm on September 2, 2013.” Appellant’s Brief at 3.           Specifically,

Appellant takes issue with the Commonwealth’s failure to produce the

firearm he allegedly possessed or a property receipt for the same. Id. at 10-

12. Without this evidence, he contends that the Commonwealth was unable

to sustain its burden of proving the item possessed was an operable firearm.

Id.

      A claim that the evidence was insufficient to prove that Appellant

violated the terms of his probation is

      a question of law subject to plenary review. We must determine
      whether the evidence admitted … and all reasonable inferences
      drawn therefrom, when viewed in the light most favorable to the
      Commonwealth …, is sufficient to support [a finding that the
      appellant violated the terms of his probation]. A reviewing court
      may not weigh the evidence or substitute its judgment for that
      of the trial court.

Commonwealth v. Perreault, 930 A.2d 553, 558 (Pa. Super. 2007)

(citation omitted).

      As this Court has stated:




                                     -3-
J-S79034-14


      A probation violation is established whenever it is shown that the
      conduct of the probationer indicates the probation has proven to
      have been an ineffective vehicle to accomplish rehabilitation and
      not sufficient to deter against future antisocial conduct.
      Moreover, the Commonwealth need only make this showing by a
      preponderance of the evidence.

Commonwealth v. Ortega, 995 A.2d 879, 886 (Pa. Super. 2010) (citations

and footnote omitted). “The ‘preponderance of the evidence’ is the lowest

burden of proof in the administration of justice, and it is defined as the

greater weight of the evidence, i.e., to tip a scale slightly in one’s favor.” Id.

at 886 n.3.

      The facts underlying Appellant’s probation violation were outlined by

the violation court as follows.

             On Tuesday, September 3, 2013, around 10:30 p.m.,
      Officer McCallister and his partner were patrolling in plain clothes
      in an unmarked vehicle as part of a tactical unit in response to
      increased robberies in the area of [4000] Sloan Street in
      Philadelphia County. The officers received a radio call of a man
      with a gun, which described a suspect in the area as a black
      male wearing a blue hat, blue shirt and white cargo jeans. The
      officers then observed [Appellant], who matched that
      description, walk southbound on the 4000 block of Sloan Street
      and then make a right on the 3900 block of Baring Street. The
      officers approached [Appellant], exited the unmarked vehicle,
      displayed their badges, identified themselves as police officers
      and yelled for [Appellant] not to move. However, [Appellant] fled
      with Officer McCallister in foot pursuit and his partner following
      in the unmarked vehicle.

            During the pursuit, in an area well illuminated by
      streetlights and Officer McCallister’s flashlight and from a
      distance of about 10 feet, [Appellant] reached into the front of
      his waistband and threw a silver revolver down the opening of a
      sewer at 413 North Sun Street. Officer McCallister continued to



                                      -4-
J-S79034-14


     pursue [Appellant] to 3909 Willow Street where a struggle
     ensued as [Appellant] attempted to open the screen door to that
     house, where he claimed he resided. The struggle eventually
     entered the house and escalated into a more physical
     altercation. Within seconds, a University of Pennsylvania police
     officer entered the house and assisted Officer McCallister in
     placing [Appellant] under arrest. Approximately one minute
     after [Appellant] was placed in custody, Officer McCallister
     returned to the location where he observed [Appellant] discard
     the firearm. There, he observed the silver revolver lying in the
     sewer hole in a “six-inch high opening … probably a foot from
     the front of the sewer to the actual hole.”

           Officer McCallister testified that he then “held the area” for
     detectives, who he presumed recovered the weapon and placed
     it on a property receipt. Officer McCallister however did not
     witness the recovery of the weapon or the preparation of a
     property receipt. The weapon and property receipt were not
     presented at the revocation hearing.

Violation Court Opinion, 7/10/2014, at 4-5 (citations omitted).

     Under the preponderance of the evidence standard, and viewed in the

light most favorable to the Commonwealth, we are satisfied that the

admitted evidence is sufficient to permit the court to find that Appellant

violated the terms of his probation.    In so holding, we reject Appellant’s

argument that the Commonwealth’s failure to produce the firearm, ballistics

test, or property receipt is dispositive. The violation court credited Officer

McCallister’s testimony.   Moreover, Appellant was charged with, inter alia,

persons not to possess a firearm, 18 Pa.C.S. § 6105. This Court has held

that the Commonwealth is not required to demonstrate operability of the

firearm to sustain a conviction under section 6105. See Commonwealth v.




                                    -5-
J-S79034-14


Thomas, 988 A.2d 669 (Pa. Super. 2010); see also 18 Pa.C.S. § 6105(i)

(“As used in this section only, the term ‘firearm’ shall include any weapons

which are designed to or may readily be converted to expel any projectile by

the action of an explosive or the frame or receiver of any such weapon.”).

Thus, the operability of the silver revolver observed by Officer McCallister

has no bearing on at least one of Appellant’s underlying charges.

      Finally, as the violation court pointed out, the question at a Kates

hearing is whether Appellant is amenable to probation. N.T., 2/21/2014, at

22.

            [The Commonwealth has] a uniform[ed] police officer
      saying I observed the man who later turns out to be [Appellant]
      who is on probation in possession of a handgun. Thereafter,
      that handgun that the officer believes it was his handgun [sic]
      was recovered. In the interim [Appellant] engages in a struggle
      with someone that identifies himself as a police officer.

           This is     inconsistent   with   conduct    required    of   a
      probationer….

Id. We agree with the court’s analysis. Accordingly, we conclude that the

violation court did not err in determining Appellant violated his probation.

      Judgment of sentence affirmed.




                                      -6-
J-S79034-14


Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary



Date: 2/10/2015




                          -7-
