[Cite as State v. Ogletree, Jr., 2018-Ohio-2327.]




                              IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                                 SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                     MONTGOMERY COUNTY

 STATE OF OHIO                                           :
                                                         :
          Plaintiff-Appellee                             :  C.A. CASE NO. 27767
                                                         :
 v.                                                      :  T.C. NO. 2017-CR-1183
                                                         :
 JESSE M. OGLETREE, JR                                   :  (Criminal Appeal from
                                                         :  Common Pleas Court)
          Defendant-Appellant                            :
                                                         :
                                                    ...........

                                                    OPINION

                              Rendered on the 15th day of June, 2018.

                                                    ...........

MATHIAS H. HECK, JR. by MICHAEL ALLEN, Atty. Reg. No. 0095826, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, Montgomery County Prosecutor’s Office, Appellate Division,
Montgomery County Courts Building, 301 West Third Street, Dayton, Ohio 45422
      Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee


J. ALLEN WILMES, Atty. Reg. No. 0012093, 7821 North Dixie Drive, Dayton, Ohio 45414
      Attorney for Defendant-Appellant

                                               .............




DONOVAN, J.
                                                                                         -2-




        {¶ 1} This matter is before the Court on the October 17, 2017 Notice of Appeal of

Jesse Ogletree. Ogletree appeals from his September 20, 2017 Judgment Entry of

Conviction, following a no contest plea, on one count of possession of cocaine (less than

five grams), in violation of R.C. 2925.11(A), a felony of the fifth degree. The trial court

sentenced Ogletree to twelve months in prison. We hereby affirm the judgment of the

trial court.

        {¶ 2} Ogletree was indicted on June 1, 2017, and on June 16, 2017, the court

entered a not guilty plea on behalf of Ogletree at his arraignment. On June 29, 2017,

Ogletree filed a motion to suppress, and a hearing thereon was held on July 26, 2017.

At the hearing, Officer Josh Bowling of the City of Dayton Police Department testified that

he was working on April 11, 2017, on routine patrol in the area around Good Samaritan

Hospital, along with Officer Betsinger. Officer Bowling testified that the area is known as

the Phoenix Project, which “is basically a rejuvenation project of the neighborhood that’s

sponsored by Good Sam and [C]itywide and we are responsible for rejuvenating the

neighborhood, taking care of the houses and people that move in, all the neighboring

businesses.” Officer Bowling stated that in the area “there is quite a bit of drug activity

and that’s one of our main responsibilities.”

        {¶ 3} Officer Bowling testified that on April 11, 2017, he stopped a black Volvo SUV

at 721 Burbank Drive. When asked if there was anything unusual about the vehicle,

Officer Bowling testified as follows:

        Yeah, the vehicle initially had turned into - - we were traveling north on

        Burbank, actually, and the car actually turned in. And what I mean by that
                                                                                         -3-


       it came and would go essentially head-on with us in different directions. It

       turned in without using its blinker 100 feet prior. It’s something we see

       when someone’s usually trying to evade police contact, so. When I turned

       around and get behind the car to run the vehicle’s license plate, essentially,

       the driver sped up quite a bit and was failing to stop at marked stop signs

       and stoplights and was actually going to the right of some traffic to get by

       vehicles. And then, essentially, the car had went and made a big circle to

       go back to our original spot where I first saw the vehicle. And this was, you

       know, called my attention.

Tr. 7-8.

       {¶ 4} Officer Bowling testified that he activated his overhead lights, and the driver

of the vehicle, Ogletree, pulled into a residential driveway at 721 Burbank Drive. Officer

Bowling stated that the driver “quickly exited the driver’s side of the Volvo,” which

“alarmed me for officer safety * * * because as everyone knows on a traffic stop, you’re

supposed to stay inside of your car.” Officer Bowling testified that Ogletree “had an

attitude about saying he wasn’t doing anything, that he was at his parents’ house and that

he - - essentially, we couldn’t pull him over once he reached his house.” Officer Bowling

stated that he and Officer Betsinger advised Ogletree, “ ‘ Stop, come here; we need to

speak with you; this is a traffic stop.’ He continued to walk towards the house.” At that

point, according to Officer Bowling, “[Officer] Betsinger actually went and took hold of

Jesse Ogletree.” Officer Bowling testified that Ogletree was “patted down for officer

safety and placed in the back of our cruiser until we could figure out exactly what was

going on.” Officer Bowling stated that his intention at that time was to “just conduct the
                                                                                          -4-


traffic stop that we had initially pulled him over for the moving violations.” When asked

how much time that process requires, Bowling responded, “[d]epending on how many

code violations are involved, I’d say ten minutes or more.” Officer Bowling testified that

he began working on the citation as soon as Ogletree was detained in the cruiser, and

that “within the first several minutes of our stop” he requested a K-9 unit to perform a drug

sniff. Officer Bowling stated that the K-9 unit arrived approximately eight minutes later,

and that he had not yet completed the citation at that time.

       {¶ 5} Officer Bowling stated that the K-9 officer advised him that the dog had

“alerted” on the Volvo, and that Betsinger accordingly “did the preliminary search and we

always go back through because * * * sometimes there’s things that we’ll miss as officers

so I was the second officer in the vehicle.” Officer Bowling stated that when he “opened

the driver door, I immediately saw a torn baggie which would be - - there’s a center

console but in front of that where you would keep like change and miscellaneous items,

there was a torn baggie in plain view and that’s where I located * * * what appeared to be

crack cocaine.”      Officer Bowling stated that Ogletree was placed under arrest.       He

identified State’s Exhibit 1 as the cruiser camera video of the stop, which was admitted

without objection.

       {¶ 6} On cross-examination, Officer Bowling testified that he followed Ogletree’s

vehicle due to Ogletree’s failure to signal 100 feet before turning. Officer Bowling stated

that Ogletree turned onto Burbank Drive from a side street and then drove around the

block from the location where he was initially observed. Officer Bowling testified that he

activated his lights once Ogletree pulled into the driveway, and that his cruiser camera

automatically records the previous “30 seconds prior to the lights being engaged.”
                                                                                          -5-


Officer Bowling stated that Ogletree failed to stop at Otterbein Avenue and Burbank Drive,

Burbank Drive and Harvard Boulevard, and then at Harvard Boulevard and Philadelphia

Drive as he proceeded around the block. When asked if he was aware that “the only

thing * * * that’s on Dayton Municipal Court’s website is that he was cited for turn signals

and changing course,” Officer Bowling responded, “I am now.”

       {¶ 7} Officer Bowling testified that Ogletree exited his vehicle after the cruiser’s

overhead lights were on. Officer Bowling stated that he called for the K-9 unit so “the K-

9 could perform an open-air sniff of the vehicle.” Officer Bowling stated that Ogletree

indicated at the scene that he had pulled into his parents’ driveway. Officer Bowling

stated that the owners of the residence came outside in the course of the stop and claimed

to be Ogletree’s parents.

       {¶ 8} Officer Theodore Trupp next testified that he is a City of Dayton police officer

assigned to the K-9 unit, and that he responded to Ogletree’s traffic stop. Officer Trupp

stated that he is certified by the State of Ohio as a K-9 handler, and that Baron, his K-9

partner, is also certified and “considered a dual-purpose K-9. He’s trained in patrol and

he’s also trained in narcotics detection.” Officer Trupp stated that Baron is “trained on

heroin, crack cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamines, ecstasy and any combination or

derivative of those drugs.”

       {¶ 9} Officer Trupp testified that he was “at James H. McGee Boulevard near

Germantown” when he was dispatched to the traffic stop, and that he arrived at the stop

in eight minutes. Officer Trupp stated that he began the “open-air sniff” within a minute

of his arrival. Officer Trupp testified that Baron “alerts” by sitting down. Officer Trupp

stated that he began the sniff at the front license plate of the Volvo, and Baron alerted
                                                                                           -6-


“halfway behind the driver’s door and the back driver’s side passenger, rear door.”

Officer Trupp stated that the open-air sniff process is “very quick,” lasting one to two

minutes “max.” Trupp testified that he remained on scene after the sniff for purposes of

officer safety. Officer Trupp stated that two other individuals present at the scene “were

excited,” and yelling at Ogletree to calm down, and that Ogletree was “[v]ery excited,

belligerent” and “screaming in the back seat” of the cruiser.

       {¶ 10} On August 8, 2017, the trial court rendered an oral decision on the motion

to suppress. At the start of the hearing, the trial court indicated that it viewed the cruiser

camera video “in its entirety several times.” The trial court noted that Officer Bowling

observed the Volvo which on the video “can be seen traveling at a high rate of speed.”

The court noted that the area is known for drug activity. According to the trial court,

Officer Bowling’s “testimony that was undisputed was that the officer observed numerous

traffic violations including turning without a signal [and] running several stop signs.” The

court noted that Officer Bowling activated his lights as Ogletree pulled into the driveway

on Burbank, and that Ogletree’s “behavior from the very beginning is belligerent, profane

among other things.” The trial court noted that Ogletree “quickly exited the vehicle which

caused concern for officer safety.” The trial court further noted that the officers were

“extremely cordial,” and that when Ogletree continued to walk away, the “officers took

hold of the defendant, patted him down, placed him in a cruiser,” while Ogletree’s

confrontational behavior continued.

       {¶ 11} The trial court noted the “undisputed testimony is that it takes at least ten

minutes to write a ticket. There were numerous violations.” The trial court determined

that “the tickets were not finished when the K-9 alerted which was within eight minutes of
                                                                                          -7-


the time the defendant was stopped.” The trial court indicated that it is “not making any

finding that the stop was prolonged. But any extension of the stop was as a result of the

defendant’s belligerent behavior. It was not as a result of any effort by the officers to

delay matters.”

       {¶ 12} The trial court noted from the video that the cruiser’s lights were activated

at 19:26, that the “officer got out of his vehicle at 19:27,” and that “[t]hey began writing

the tickets at 19:38,” 11 minutes after the stop began. The trial court noted that at that

time Ogletree was “already yelling about how did the K-9 alert. So I don’t know exactly

what time it is but the undisputed testimony from the officer was it was within eight

minutes.” The trial court noted that Officer Trupp testified that he began the sniff within

one minute of his arrival. Citing State v. Pryor, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 20800, 2005-

Ohio-2770, the trial court determined that “a trained narcotics dog sniff does not constitute

a search; however, if the dog alerts that creates probable cause for the search of the

vehicle which is what happened here.”

       {¶ 13} The trial court concluded as follows:

              The Court will find that the traffic stop, the purpose was not

       completed at the time the dog alerted. Specifically, the officer testified and

       the testimony was undisputed that it takes approximately ten minutes to

       write a ticket. There were numerous tickets to be written here for the

       defendant. The defendant’s belligerent behavior, if anything, extended the

       stop not the officers’ delay or efforts at delay. And, in any event, the alert

       was made between eight and nine minutes after the stop and the tickets

       were not yet finished.
                                                                                          -8-


                 The Court will find that there was reasonable suspicion as well as

          probable cause for the stop; there was no extension of the traffic stop as a

          result of [the] dog sniff. In addition, the alert by the dog created probable

          cause for the search. There was no violation of the defendant’s Fourth or

          Fifth Amendment rights and the motion to suppress is overruled in its

          entirety.

Tr. 40.

          {¶ 14} Ogletree asserts two assignments herein. His first assignment of error is

as follows:

          {¶ 15} “THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR BY DENYING

THE MOTION TO SUPPRESS EVIDENCE OBTAINED VIA AN ILLEGAL SEARCH

WHEREIN APPELLANT WAS EXTENSIVELY DETAINED TO ALLOW FOR AN

UNJUSTIFIED DOG SNIFF.”

          {¶ 16} Ogletree asserts that the cruiser camera video “shows that Ogletree was

detained while in his own driveway for approximately fourteen minutes while the dog

sniffing crew was summoned.” He asserts that Officer Bowling testified that he “cited

Ogletree for failure to signal when changing lanes,” and although Ogletree “became very

verbal, emotional, even semi-belligerent at being detained in his own driveway, he was

only cited for one simple moving violation.”

          {¶ 17} Ogletree argues that there “was no evidence adduced at the motion to

suppress hearing that the arresting officer had any suspicion that Ogletree had illegal

drugs in his vehicle.      He simply called for the drug sniff pro forma and without an

articulated or even implied basis.” Ogletree asserts that there “was also no testimony
                                                                                          -9-


that it took an unusual length of time to write the above citation nor that there were any

problems or delays in checking Ogletree’s license, registration, or insurance.” Ogletree

argues that the “facts at bar are largely analogous” to those in Rodriguez v. United States,

___ U.S. ___, 135 S.Ct. 1609, 191 L.Ed.2d 492 (2015). According to Ogletree, if “the

arresting officer herein could have written the instant ticket and checked [identification]

within seven minutes (approximately), it was a ruse to keep Ogletree detained longer to

await the ‘drug dog.’ ”

       {¶ 18} The State responds that “Officer Bowling did not prolong the traffic stop in

order to conduct a free-air sniff and investigate Ogletree.” The State asserts that “Officer

Trupp’s arrival and the free-air sniff took place while Officer Bowling was still writing the

ticket for Ogletree’s traffic violations.” According to the State, the officer in Rodriguez

“purposefully extended the stop and requested backup after issuing the ticket,” and the

“facts in the present case distinguish it from Rodriguez.” The State asserts that the

matter herein is “factually similar to State v. Matheney, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 26876,

2016-Ohio-7690.” The State argues that in the course of the stop, “Officer Bowling was

following normal procedures and did not take any actions that unreasonably prolonged

the stop to allow time for a K-9 unit to arrive.”

       {¶ 19} As this Court has previously noted:

              In deciding a motion to suppress, the trial court assumes the role of

       trier of facts and is in the best position to resolve questions of fact and

       evaluate the credibility of witnesses. State v. Pence, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2013

       CA 109, 2014–Ohio–5072, ¶ 7, citing State v. Hopfer, 112 Ohio App.3d 521,

       548, 679 N.E.2d 321 (2d Dist.1996). The court of appeals must accept the
                                                                                    -10-


trial court's findings of fact if they are supported by competent, credible

evidence in the record. State v. Isaac, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 20662,

2005–Ohio–3733, ¶ 8, citing State v. Retherford, 93 Ohio App.3d 586, 639

N.E.2d 498 (2d Dist.1994). Accepting those facts as true, the appellate

court must then determine as a matter of law, without deference to the trial

court's legal conclusion, whether the applicable legal standard is satisfied.

Id.

       The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article

I, Section 14 of the Ohio Constitution guarantee the right to be free from

unreasonable searches and seizures. State v. Orr, 91 Ohio St.3d 389, 391,

745 N.E.2d 1036 (2001). A police officer may stop and detain a motorist

when he or she has a reasonable, articulable suspicion that the motorist

has committed, is committing, or is about to commit any criminal offense,

including a traffic offense, without running afoul of constitutional protections.

State v. Mays, 119 Ohio St.3d 406, 2008–Ohio–4539, 894 N.E.2d 1204,

¶ 7–8; State v. Stewart, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 19961, 2004–Ohio–1319,

¶ 13, citing Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968).

We determine the existence of reasonable, articulable suspicion by

evaluating   the    totality   of   the   circumstances,   considering    those

circumstances “through the eyes of the reasonable and prudent police

officer on the scene who must react to events as they unfold.” State v.

Gladman, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2013 CA 99, 2014–Ohio–2554, ¶ 14, quoting

State v. Heard, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 19323, 2003–Ohio–1047, ¶ 14.
                                                                                         -11-


              In determining whether police intrusion upon a citizen's protected

       liberty interests is reasonable, both the extent of the intrusion and the basis

       for suspicion must be considered. In other words, the greater the intrusion,

       the greater the basis for suspicion must be. State v. Spillers, 2d Dist. Darke

       No. 1504, 2000 WL 299550, * 3 (Mar. 24, 2000), citing Xenia v. Beatty, 2d

       Dist. Greene No. 93–CA–28, 1994 WL 124853 (April 13, 1994) and Terry.

       ***

State v. Nelson, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 27324, 2017-Ohio-2884, ¶ 4-6.

       {¶ 20} In Rodriguez, Dennys Rodriguez and his passenger were stopped at 12:06

a.m. by Officer Struble for driving on the shoulder of the highway, which Nebraska law

prohibits. 135 S.Ct. at 1612.    Struble was a K-9 officer, and his K-9 was present in his

patrol car at the time of the stop.   After obtaining Rodriguez’s license, registration, and

proof of insurance, and conducting a records check on him, Struble returned to

Rodriguez’s vehicle and obtained the passenger’s identification and inquired regarding

the men’s activity that night. Id. at 1613. Struble then returned to his patrol car and

performed a records check on the passenger. Id. Struble next began writing a warning

ticket for Rodriguez for driving on the shoulder. Id. By 12:27 or 12:28 a.m., Struble had

completed issuing the warning and returned both men’s documents. Id.

       {¶ 21} Although the purpose for the traffic stop was completed, Struble asked

permission to walk his dog around the vehicle, and Rodriguez said no. Id. Struble then

advised Rodriguez to turn off the vehicle and wait in front of his patrol car for a second

officer to arrive. Id. At 12:33, a deputy sheriff arrived and Struble led his dog twice

around Rodriguez’s vehicle. The dog alerted on the second pass, and “seven or eight
                                                                                          -12-


minutes had elapsed from the time Struble issued the written warning until the dog

indicated the presence of drugs.       A search of the vehicle revealed a large bag of

methamphetamine.” Id.

       {¶ 22} Rodriguez was indicted on one count of possession with intent to distribute,

and he filed a motion to suppress, arguing that “Struble had prolonged the traffic stop

without reasonable suspicion in order to conduct the dog sniff.” Id. The Magistrate Judge

determined no probable cause existed to search the vehicle apart from the K-9 alert, and

that “no reasonable suspicion supported the detention once Struble issued the written

warning.” Id.    The Magistrate Judge concluded, however, “that under Eighth Circuit

precedent, extension of the stop by ‘seven to eight minutes’ for the dog sniff was only a

de minimis intrusion on Rodriguez’s Fourth Amendment rights and was therefore

permissible.” Id.   The District Court adopted the Magistrate Judge’s findings and

conclusions. Id. at 1614. The Eighth Circuit affirmed. Id.

       {¶ 23} The United States Supreme Court “granted certiorari to resolve a division

among lower courts on the question whether police routinely may extend an otherwise-

completed traffic stop, absent reasonable suspicion, in order to conduct a dog sniff.” Id.

The Court noted that a “seizure for a traffic violation justifies a police investigation.” Id.

The court further noted that authority “for the seizure thus ends when tasks tied to the

traffic infraction are – or reasonably should have been – completed.” Id. Citing Illinois v.

Caballes, 543 U.S. 405, 125 S.Ct. 834, 160 L.Ed.2d 842 (2005), and Arizona v. Johnson,

555 U.S. 323, 129 S.Ct. 781, 172 L.Ed.2d 694 (2009), the Rodriguez court noted that in

“both cases, we concluded that the Fourth Amendment tolerated certain unrelated

investigations that did not lengthen the roadside detention. Johnson, 555 U.S., at 327-
                                                                                           -13-

328, 129 S.Ct. 781 (questioning); Caballes, 543 U.S., at 406, 408, 125 S.Ct. 834 (dog

sniff).” Id.

        {¶ 24} The Rodriguez court noted that in addition to determining whether to issue

a ticket, “an officer’s mission includes ‘ordinary inquiries incident to [the traffic] stop.’

Caballes, 543 U.S., at 408, 125 S.Ct. 834. Typically such inquiries involve checking the

driver’s license, determining whether there are outstanding warrants against the driver,

and inspecting the automobile’s registration and proof of insurance.” Id. at 1615.

According to the Court, these “checks serve the same objective as enforcement of the

traffic code: ensuring that vehicles on the road are operated safely and responsibly.” Id.

The Court continued that a “dog sniff, by contrast, is a measure aimed at ‘detect[ing]

evidence of ordinary criminal wrongdoing.’ * * *.” According to the Court, “[l]acking the

same close connection to roadside safety as the ordinary inquiries, a dog sniff is not fairly

characterized as part of the officer’s traffic mission.” Id.      The Court concluded that

“[h]ighway and officer safety are interests different in kind from the Government’s

endeavor to detect crime in general or drug trafficking in particular.” Id. at 1616.

        {¶ 25} As this Court noted in State v. Hall, 2017-Ohio-2682, 90 N.E.3d 276, ¶ 10

(2d Dist.):

               Notably, the Rodriguez majority explicitly rejected the government’s

        argument that an officer may “incrementally” prolong a stop to perform a

        drug sniff provided he “is reasonably diligent in pursuing the traffic-related

        purpose of the stop, and the overall duration of the stop remains reasonable

        in relation to the duration of other stops involving similar circumstances.” Id.

        at 1616. The Court emphasized that reasonableness “depends on what
                                                                                          -14-


       the police in fact do,” and diligence is measured “by noting what the officer

       actually did and how he did it.” Id. * * *

       {¶ 26} The Rodriguez court concluded as follows:

               * * * If an officer can complete traffic-based inquiries expeditiously,

       then that is the amount of “time reasonably required to complete [the stop’s]

       mission.” Caballes, 543 U.S., at 407, 125 S.Ct. 834.            As we said in

       Caballes and reiterate today, a traffic stop “prolonged beyond” that point is

       “unlawful.” Ibid. The critical question, then, is not whether the dog sniff

       occurs before or after the officer issues a ticket, * * * but whether conducting

       the sniff “prolongs” – i.e., adds time to - “the stop,” supra, at 1615.

Id. at 1616.

       {¶ 27} The Rodriguez court noted that while the “Magistrate Judge found that

detention for the dog sniff in this case was not independently supported by individualized

suspicion,” and the “District Court adopted the Magistrate Judge’s findings,” the “Court of

Appeals, however, did not review that determination.” Id.           The court vacated the

judgment of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit and remanded the

matter for further proceedings. Id. at 1617.

       {¶ 28} We have reviewed the cruiser camera video herein, and we conclude that

in overruling Ogletree’s motion to suppress, the trial court accurately represented what is

depicted in the video.      Unlike in Rodriguez, Ogletree’s stop was not “otherwise-

completed” at the time of the dog sniff. In other words, Bowling did not prolong, or add

time to, Ogletree’s traffic stop in order to perform the dog sniff, and the duration of the

stop did not exceed the time required to complete his traffic-related inquiries or tasks.
                                                                                          -15-


Thus, the trial court did not err when it overruled Ogletree’s motion to suppress.

       {¶ 29} Ogletree’s first assignment of error is overruled.

       {¶ 30} Ogletree’s second assignment of error is as follows:

       {¶ 31} “APPELLANT WAS DENIED EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL

WHEN HIS TRIAL COUNSEL FAILED TO FULLY DEVELOP AND ARGUE THE

PROLONGED AND UNJUSTIFIED DETENTION BY POLICE TO ALLOW A DOG

SNIFF.”

       {¶ 32} According to Ogletree, “the chief, possibly sole, reason why the evidence

obtained in the instant search should be suppressed was the inordinately lengthy

detention of Ogletree so the dog sniff could be requested.” Ogletree argues that at the

suppression hearing, “Officer Bowling should have been asked a series of questions of

how long it took to write a single ticket and to check on Ogletree’s information.” Had he

done so, Ogletree asserts, “the contrast of the reasonable time for these ministrations

with the video recording of the incident would have bolstered the argument that Ogletree

experienced a ‘seven or eight minute’ unnecessary detention, directly analogous to that

in Rodriguez supra.”

       {¶ 33} The State responds that “the record shows that the testimony was

supported by video evidence and would not have been refuted with any additional

questioning.” The States notes that the “trial court made its decision after viewing the

cruiser video, and found that it showed Officer Bowling was still writing the ticket after the

K-9 had alerted on the vehicle.” The State argues that as “the trier of fact, the trial court

had the discretion to determine if the officer’s testimony was credible and supported by

the cruiser video. Ogletree has shown no prejudice by the lack of additional questions
                                                                                            -16-


asked by his trial attorney.”        The State argues that the cruiser camera video

“corroborates the testimony given, and there is no evidence in the record that any

additional questions would have disputed the testimony or the video.” Finally, the State

asserts that “Officer Bowling’s testimony and the police cruiser video were consistent as

to the length of time it took him to write the ticket and the lack of any intentional prolonging

of the stop by the officers.”

       {¶ 34} As this Court has previously noted:

              We review alleged instances of ineffective assistance of trial counsel

       under the two-pronged analysis set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466

       U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984), and adopted by the

       Supreme Court of Ohio in State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d

       373 (1989). Pursuant to those cases, trial counsel is entitled to a strong

       presumption that his or her conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable

       assistance. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688.

              To establish ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must

       demonstrate both that trial counsel's conduct fell below an objective

       standard of reasonableness and that the errors were serious enough to

       create a reasonable probability that, but for the errors, the outcome of the

       case would have been different. See Id.; Bradley at 142. A debatable

       decision concerning trial strategy cannot form the basis of a finding of

       ineffective assistance of counsel. State v. Cook, 65 Ohio St.3d 516, 524–

       525, 605 N.E.2d 70 (1992); State v. Fields, 2017–Ohio–400, 84 N.E.3d 193,

       ¶ 38 (2d Dist.).
                                                                                          -17-

State v. Leonard, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 27411, 2017-Ohio-8421, ¶ 10-11.

       {¶ 35} Upon review, we conclude that the record fails to support Ogletree’s claim

that his counsel was ineffective at the suppression hearing for failing to properly develop

the theory of undue delay. As previously stated, Officer Bowling testified that it generally

takes ten minutes or more for him to write a traffic ticket. During the time in which Officer

Bowling was writing the ticket, Officer Trupp arrived with his K-9 unit and performed a free

air sniff around Ogletree’s vehicle, alerting on the middle driver’s side. In fact, Bowling

had not finished writing the ticket when the K-9 unit alerted on the vehicle. The trial court

found that Officer Bowling’s testimony was corroborated by the cruiser video. Other than

his bare assertion to the contrary, Ogletree cannot establish that he was prejudiced by

his counsel’s failure to ask additional questions regarding the initial stop and the time it

took for Officer Bowling to complete the traffic ticket. Officer Bowling’s testimony and the

cruiser video were consistent regarding the length of time required to complete the ticket

and the lack of intentional prolonging of the stop by any of the officers involved.

Therefore, we find that Ogletree cannot establish that counsel provided ineffective

assistance by failing to ask Officer Bowling additional questions. On the record before

us, there is no evidence that additional questioning would have changed any of the trial

court’s findings regarding the length of the stop.

       {¶ 36} Ogletree’s second assignment of error is overruled.

       {¶ 37} Both of Ogletree’s assignments of error having been overruled, the

judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

                                           .............

HALL, J. and TUCKER, J., concur.
                              -18-




Copies mailed to:

Michael Allen
J. Allen Wilmes
Hon. Mary Katherine Huffman
