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             DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COURT OF APPEALS

                                  No. 13-CV-1182

                            WILLA V. FORD, APPELLANT,

                                         v.

                      FREDERICK L. FORD, et al., APPELLEES,

                                         &

                TODD & SHEPPARD PARTNERS LLC, INTERVENOR.

                           Appeal from the Superior Court
                             of the District of Columbia
                                   (CAR-1374-12)

                           (Hon. Craig Iscoe, Trial Judge)

(Submitted June 12, 2014                                Decided September 4, 2014)

      James M. Loots was on the brief for appellant.

      Darryl F. White was on the brief for appellees.

      Carrie Frank was on the brief for intervenor.

      Before BECKWITH and EASTERLY, Associate Judges, and NEBEKER, Senior
Judge.

      NEBEKER, Senior Judge: Appellant Willa V. Ford challenges the trial court‟s

order of a partition sale for the property located at 1801 Massachusetts Avenue,
                                        2

Southeast, with the proceeds to be distributed evenly among Willa Ford and her

four siblings, who include the three appellees.1 On appeal, Willa Ford argues that

the trial court erred in granting partition and in awarding appellees proceeds from

the sale because the evidence was insufficient to demonstrate that all of the

appellees were owners of the property. We affirm the order of a partition sale, but

reverse the order of distribution and remand for a redetermination of who owns the

property.



      The trial court issued a default judgment against Willa Ford that was

docketed on September 21, 2012, because she failed to respond to the complaint in

the time specified. She argued for the first time at an ex parte proof hearing held

on October 19, 2012, that partition should not be granted. At the hearing, however,

Willa Ford also conceded that her brother‟s name, Frederick Ford, was on the deed

to the property in addition to her name. Accordingly, because Willa Ford was not

the sole owner of the property, the court did not err in ordering partition.2 See


      1
          The appellees here are Frederick L. Ford, Robert A. Ford, and Ernest B.
Ford. The trial court also awarded sale proceeds to their brother, Harold Ford,
after determining that all five siblings owned the property, even though Harold was
not named as a plaintiff.
      2
         As we have previously noted, “„the right to partition, while normally an
integral part of the cotenancy form of ownership, is like most property rights
subject to possible limitation by voluntary act of the parties or in its initial
                                                                    (continued…)
                                             3

Arthur v. District of Columbia, 857 A.2d 473, 487 (D.C. 2004) (“[A] cotenant

enjoys a unilateral right of partition.”).



      The trial court‟s finding that all five siblings owned the property, however,

was not supported by sufficient evidence in the record. In determining ownership,

the trial judge relied upon two documents: (1) a 2007 “Real Property Recordation

and Transfer Tax Form FP 7/C,” which listed all siblings except for Robert Ford as

“grantees” of the property, and (2) their mother‟s 1998 will, in which she indicated

that she wished to leave a life estate in the property to Willa Ford, Ernest Ford, and

Harold Ford, with the remainder to all five children. But the tax form is merely a

tax return and, unlike a deed, it does not operate to grant or transfer title to land.

Moreover, the 2002 deed to the property, which plaintiffs had attached to their

complaint, indicates that the mother added Frederick Ford to the deed to establish a

joint ownership before she died. Thus, Willa Ford argues on appeal that upon the

mother‟s death in 2004, Frederick Ford became the surviving joint tenant and sole

owner of the property. Therefore, the property was no longer subject to the

mother‟s will and could not be inherited by the other siblings. See Gallimore v.

Washington, 666 A.2d 1200, 1203-04 (D.C. 1995) (“[U]pon the death of one of

(…continued)
creation.‟” Arthur, 857 A.2d at 487 (quoting Carter v. Carter, 516 A.2d 917, 921
(D.C. 1986)). But we see no such limitation in this case.
                                         4

two joint tenants, there is no transfer of the decedent‟s future interest to the

survivor; rather, the future interest of the deceased ceases to exist, the threat of

severance by the other joint tenant is eliminated, and the present interest of the

surviving joint tenant in the whole property becomes exclusive.” (citation

omitted)). Willa Ford also includes in the record on appeal the probate docket for

her mother‟s will, to support the argument that her siblings did not inherit the

property because it was not part of the probate proceedings. The record shows that

Frederick Ford then added Willa Ford – but no one else – to the deed as a joint

owner in 2007.



      Although Willa Ford did not present this line of argument to the trial court,

the 2002 and 2007 deeds were part of the record, and because the mother added

Frederick Ford‟s name to the deed, the tax form and will which the trial judge

relied upon are insufficient to establish ownership. Accordingly, we reverse the

order of distribution and remand for redetermination of the ownership of the

property.3


      3
         On appeal, Willa Ford also asserts that the trial court erred in failing to
dismiss the case under Superior Court Rule 4 (m) for failure to prove service
within 60 days of filing the complaint. Plaintiffs filed their complaint on February
14, 2012, and on March 6, 2012, filed an affidavit stating that the summons had
been mailed to Willa Ford. The signature on the return receipt, however, had been
crossed out and the word “REFUSED” had been written on the receipt. On April
                                                                       (continued…)
                                             5

      The trial court‟s order is therefore



                                 Affirmed in part and reversed in part.




(…continued)
19, 2012, the trial court denied default against Willa Ford pursuant to Rule 55 (a),
and directed the plaintiffs to “[f]ile a motion for approval of service” by May 24,
2012. Plaintiffs‟ then-counsel later filed a motion to withdraw as counsel on May
2, 2012, following which the trial judge ordered a hearing on the motion to be held
on May 25, 2012. At the hearing, the trial judge noted that the summons had not
been properly served and granted the plaintiffs 30 additional days to effect service.
Plaintiffs then filed an affidavit of service on June 5, 2012, which stated that Willa
Ford had been served on June 3, 2012. Although failure to prove service within 60
days typically results in automatic dismissal of the case under Rule 4 (m), the trial
court “shall” extend the 60-day time period if warranted by the circumstances, and
may also vacate dismissal within 14 days upon a showing of good cause under
Rule 41 (b). Accordingly, the trial judge through its April 19 and May 25 orders
properly extended the time period for plaintiffs to effect and prove service.
