   Decisions of the Nebraska Court of Appeals
662	20 NEBRASKA APPELLATE REPORTS



                    Enterprise Bank, NA, appellee, v.
                     Phyllis M. K night, appellant.
                                    ___ N.W.2d ___

                         Filed April 9, 2013.     No. A-11-972.

 1.	 Judgments: Appeal and Error. In a bench trial of a law action, a trial court’s
      factual findings have the effect of a verdict and will not be set aside unless
      clearly erroneous.
  2.	 ____: ____. On a question of law, an appellate court is obligated to reach a con-
      clusion independent of the determination reached by the court below.
 3.	 Forcible Entry and Detainer: Title: Courts: Jurisdiction. If the resolution of
      a forcible entry and detainer action requires a district court to determine a title
      dispute, it must dismiss the case for lack of jurisdiction.
 4.	 Forcible Entry and Detainer: Title: Courts. A court may proceed with a
      forcible entry and detainer action until the evidence discloses that the question
      involved is one of title.
 5.	 Appeal and Error. In the absence of plain error, when an issue is raised for the
      first time in an appellate court, the issue will be disregarded inasmuch as the trial
      court cannot commit error regarding an issue never presented and submitted for
      disposition in the trial court.
 6.	 Judgments: Appeal and Error. If a judgment is not superseded, it is effective
      notwithstanding appeal.
 7.	 Judgments: Supersedeas Bonds: Appeal and Error. In the absence of a super-
      sedeas bond, the judgment retains its vitality and is capable of being executed
      upon during the pendency of the appeal.

   Appeal from the District Court for Douglas County: Duane
C. Dougherty, Judge. Affirmed.

   Timothy L. Ashford for appellant.

  Bryan S. Hatch, of Stinson, Morrison & Hecker, L.L.P., for
appellee.

   Irwin, Pirtle, and Riedmann, Judges.

   Pirtle, Judge.
                     INTRODUCTION
   Enterprise Bank, NA, filed a forcible entry and detainer
action against Phyllis M. Knight in the district court for
Douglas County. The district court entered judgment in favor
of Enterprise Bank, finding that Knight was unlawfully in
        Decisions   of the Nebraska Court of Appeals
	                   ENTERPRISE BANK v. KNIGHT	663
	                      Cite as 20 Neb. App. 662

possession of the subject property, and ordered her to surrender
the premises to Enterprise Bank. Knight appeals. We conclude
that there is no merit to Knight’s assignments of error and
affirm the judgment of the district court.

                        BACKGROUND
   On July 24, 2007, Knight executed a promissory note in
favor of Enterprise Bank for $50,000. As security for the
promissory note, Knight executed a deed of trust in favor of
Enterprise Bank for Knight’s residence located in Omaha,
Nebraska. Knight defaulted on the note, and Enterprise Bank
foreclosed upon the real property. A trustee’s sale was held on
September 7, 2011, wherein Enterprise Bank was the success-
ful bidder. On October 13, a “Trustee’s Deed Upon Sale” was
filed and recorded with the Douglas County register of deeds.
On October 14, Knight was notified that the subject property
was sold on September 7 and was served with a 3-day notice
to leave the real property and surrender possession of it. Knight
refused to vacate the premises, and as a result, Enterprise Bank
filed a complaint for restitution of premises on October 21.
Knight failed to file an answer or any other responsive plead-
ing on her behalf.
   A hearing on Enterprise Bank’s complaint for restitu-
tion of premises was held on November 7, 2011. Enterprise
Bank presented evidence showing that it owned the property.
Knight, who appeared at the hearing pro se, did not offer
any evidence. Following the hearing, the trial court entered
an order finding that Knight was unlawfully in possession of
the property and ordered Knight to surrender the premises to
Enterprise Bank within 5 days. If possession was not surren-
dered, the clerk of the district court was authorized to issue a
writ of restitution.
   Knight timely filed an appeal. Enterprise Bank subsequently
filed a motion to set bond under Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-21,235
(Reissue 2008). A hearing was held on the motion on December
2, 2011, at which time Enterprise Bank moved to withdraw the
motion to set bond. The trial court allowed Enterprise Bank to
withdraw its motion.
   Decisions of the Nebraska Court of Appeals
664	20 NEBRASKA APPELLATE REPORTS



   On December 2, 2011, Enterprise Bank filed a praecipe for
writ of restitution, and on December 5, the court issued a writ
of restitution and the Douglas County sheriff’s office issued
a notice to vacate the premises to Knight. On December 9,
Knight filed a motion to quash the writ of restitution. Knight
also filed a motion to stay proceedings in the district court
pending her appeal to the Nebraska Court of Appeals. On
December 23, the trial court entered an order stating that it
lacked jurisdiction to rule on Knight’s motions because Knight
had filed the notice of appeal on November 10.
   On January 3, 2012, Enterprise Bank filed another praecipe
for writ of restitution, and on January 4, the court issued a writ
of restitution. Knight was physically evicted from the subject
property on January 13. On that same date, Knight filed a “sec-
ond motion to quash writ of restitution and motion for order
nunc pro tunc for supersedeas bond.” On January 24, Knight
filed a “motion to vacate judgment for writ of restitution.”
On January 26, following a hearing, the trial court entered an
order stating that it did not have jurisdiction to rule on Knight’s
motions, because the matter had been appealed.

                  ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
   Knight sets forth 30 assignments of error, but argues only 6
in her brief. Knight assigns and argues that (1) the trial court
lacked jurisdiction to resolve this action as a forcible entry
and detainer, because there was a title dispute between the
parties; (2) the trustee’s sale was not valid because she had
filed for bankruptcy the day before the sale; (3) the sale of the
home was never confirmed in accordance with Neb. Rev. Stat.
§ 25-1531 (Reissue 2008); (4) Enterprise Bank cannot enforce
its writ of restitution against her during this appeal because
it waived its right to a supersedeas bond; (5) the trial court
erred in finding that it did not have jurisdiction to rule on her
“second motion to quash the writ of restitution and motion for
order nunc pro tunc for supersedeas bond” during the pendency
of this appeal; and (6) the trial court had authority to correct
its error in failing to set a bond after Knight filed her notice
of appeal.
         Decisions   of the Nebraska Court of Appeals
	                    ENTERPRISE BANK v. KNIGHT	665
	                       Cite as 20 Neb. App. 662

                   STANDARD OF REVIEW
   [1] In a bench trial of a law action, a trial court’s factual
findings have the effect of a verdict and will not be set aside
unless clearly erroneous. I.P. Homeowners v. Morrow, 12 Neb.
App. 119, 668 N.W.2d 515 (2003). See Barnes v. Davitt, 160
Neb. 595, 71 N.W.2d 107 (1955) (clearly erroneous stan-
dard applied in review of forcible entry and detainer actions).
Accord Mathiesen v. Bloomfield, 184 Neb. 873, 173 N.W.2d
29 (1969).
   [2] On a question of law, an appellate court is obligated to
reach a conclusion independent of the determination reached
by the court below. I.P. Homeowners v. Morrow, supra.
                           ANALYSIS
District Court’s Jurisdiction.
    [3] Knight first assigns that the trial court lacked jurisdic-
tion to resolve this action as a forcible entry and detainer
because there was a title dispute between the parties. Knight
relies on the rule that if the resolution of a forcible entry
and detainer action requires a district court to determine a
title dispute, it must dismiss the case for lack of jurisdiction.
See Cummins Mgmt. v. Gilroy, 266 Neb. 635, 667 N.W.2d
538 (2003).
    Based on the record before us, there was no title dispute
before the court. The evidence presented at the hearing on
the complaint for restitution of premises clearly showed that
Enterprise Bank owned the subject property. Enterprise Bank
purchased the property at the trustee’s sale, and following the
trustee’s sale, Enterprise Bank filed and recorded a “Trustee’s
Deed Upon Sale” with the Douglas County register of deeds.
Knight was subsequently given notice of the sale. There is
nothing in the record to show that Knight challenged the
trustee’s sale. Knight alleges in her brief that she filed an
action for wrongful title and that title will be a disputed issue
in that case, but the record in the present case does not reflect
a title dispute.
    Although Knight argued at the hearing on the complaint
for restitution of premises that the trustee’s sale was invalid,
the evidence before the court clearly showed that Enterprise
   Decisions of the Nebraska Court of Appeals
666	20 NEBRASKA APPELLATE REPORTS



Bank had legal title to the subject property. Therefore, the only
determination for the court was whether Knight was in unlaw-
ful possession of the property, which the court determined
she was.
   [4] A court may proceed with a forcible entry and detainer
action until the evidence discloses that the question involved
is one of title. Cummins Mgmt. v. Gilroy, supra. Given that
the evidence did not disclose a title dispute, the district court
had jurisdiction over the forcible entry and detainer action and
properly entered its order on November 7, 2011.
Knight’s Bankruptcy.
   Knight next argues that the trustee’s sale of the property
was not valid because she had filed for bankruptcy the day
before the sale. She contends that the trustee’s sale should have
been stayed due to her bankruptcy filing. Again, as previously
noted, Knight did not challenge the trustee’s sale at the time it
took place.
   Knight asserted at the hearing that she had filed for bank-
ruptcy, but there is nothing in the record to show that she had
in fact done so. Neb. Ct. R. § 6-1506 requires a party who has
filed bankruptcy and has a civil case before the district court
to file documentation with the court verifying such bankruptcy.
Specifically, § 6-1506(A) provides in part:
      In any civil case pending before [a district] court in which
      a party has been named as a debtor in a voluntary or invol-
      untary bankruptcy petition, a Suggestion of Bankruptcy
      and either (1) a certified copy of the bankruptcy petition,
      (2) a copy of the bankruptcy petition bearing the filing
      stamp of the clerk of the bankruptcy court, or (3) a copy
      of a “Notice of Bankruptcy Case Filing” generated by the
      Bankruptcy Court’s electronic filing system shall be filed
      by the party named as a debtor or by any other party with
      knowledge of the bankruptcy petition.
Section 6-1506 further provides that it is only after the neces-
sary filings have been made with the district court that no fur-
ther action will be taken in the case by the court.
   In the instant case, no suggestion of bankruptcy, copy of the
bankruptcy petition, or notice of bankruptcy case filing was
         Decisions   of the Nebraska Court of Appeals
	                    ENTERPRISE BANK v. KNIGHT	667
	                       Cite as 20 Neb. App. 662

submitted to the district court. Based on the record, the trial
court did not know whether Knight had filed for bankruptcy
as she contended, and it was not the court’s responsibility to
seek out such information. Without any documentation of the
bankruptcy filed with the court, the court had no obligation
to rely on Knight’s statements. Thus, there is no merit to this
assignment of error.

Confirmation of Sale.
   [5] Knight next argues that the sale of the subject property
was required to be confirmed by the district court in accord­
ance with § 25-1531, and was not. Knight asserts this claim for
the first time on appeal; she did not raise this argument before
the district court. In the absence of plain error, when an issue
is raised for the first time in an appellate court, the issue will
be disregarded inasmuch as the trial court cannot commit error
regarding an issue never presented and submitted for disposi-
tion in the trial court. State v. Albrecht, 18 Neb. App. 402, 790
N.W.2d 1 (2010). Having performed an extensive review of
the record and finding no plain error, we need not address this
assignment of error further.

Supersedeas Bond.
   Knight’s last three assignments of error are all related and
will be addressed together. Knight assigns that Enterprise
Bank could not enforce its writ of restitution against her
while her appeal was pending because it waived its right to
a supersedeas bond, that the district court erred in finding it
did not have jurisdiction to rule on her “second motion to
quash writ of restitution and motion for order nunc pro tunc
for supersedeas bond” during the appeal, and that the district
court had authority to correct its error in failing to set a bond.
Although Knight set forth three separate assignments of error
in her brief, she makes the same argument under all three
assignments. She argues that after Enterprise Bank withdrew
its motion to set bond, the court should have set bond on its
own and had the power to do so even though an appeal had
been filed.
   Decisions of the Nebraska Court of Appeals
668	20 NEBRASKA APPELLATE REPORTS



   [6,7] If a judgment is not superseded, it is effective not-
withstanding appeal. See Lincoln Lumber Co. v. Elston, 1 Neb.
App. 741, 511 N.W.2d 162 (1993). Similarly, in the absence
of a supersedeas bond, the judgment retains its vitality and
is capable of being executed upon during the pendency of
the appeal. See Production Credit Assn. of the Midlands v.
Schmer, 233 Neb. 785, 448 N.W.2d 141 (1989).
   Knight contends that the court should have ordered a super-
sedeas bond in the interest of justice to prevent the writ of res-
titution from being issued, thereby allowing Knight to remain
in her home while the appeal was pending. She contends that
the district court had this authority, notwithstanding the pend-
ing appeal, pursuant to Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-2001 (Reissue
2008), which gives the court the inherent power to correct
a mistake arising from oversight or omission. Specifically,
§ 25-2001(3) provides:
      Clerical mistakes in judgments, orders, or other parts
      of the record and errors therein arising from oversight
      or omission may be corrected by the court by an order
      nunc pro tunc at any time on the court’s initiative or on
      the motion of any party and after such notice, if any, as
      the court orders. During the pendency of an appeal, such
      mistakes may be so corrected before the case is submitted
      for decision in the appellate court, and thereafter while
      the appeal is pending may be so corrected with leave of
      the appellate court.
We cannot conclude that the court’s failure to set a supersedeas
bond was a “clerical mistake” or that the court had any duty
to set a bond. Rather, it was Knight who should have posted a
supersedeas bond to prevent the writ of restitution from being
issued pending appeal. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 25-21,234 (Reissue
2008) provides that no appeal shall operate as a supersedeas
unless the appellant, within 30 days after the entry of judg-
ment, deposits with the clerk of the court a cash bond that will
satisfy the final judgment and costs and will pay a reason-
able rent for the premises during the time unlawfully with-
held. Knight, the appellant, failed to post a supersedeas bond,
and therefore, Enterprise Bank was free to execute upon its
            Decisions      of the    Nebraska Court of Appeals
	                                MUZZEY v. RAGONE	669
	                               Cite as 20 Neb. App. 669

judgment. Knight’s last three assignments of error are with-
out merit.
                        CONCLUSION
   Having found no merit to any of Knight’s assignments of
error, we affirm the judgment of the district court.
                                                                          Affirmed.



          Meredith Muzzey and Robert Buhr, appellees,
          v. Bobbie R agone, formerly known as Bobbie
           Buhr, and Paul R agone, on behalf of Lucca
            Hadin R agone, formerly known as Lucca
              Hadin Buhr, a minor child under the
                   age of 18 years, appellants.
                                     ___ N.W.2d ___

                          Filed April 9, 2013.    No. A-12-192.

 1.	 Judgments: Jurisdiction: Appeal and Error. A jurisdictional question which
     does not involve a factual dispute is determined by an appellate court as a matter
     of law, which requires the appellate court to reach a conclusion independent of
     the lower court’s decision.
 2.	 Visitation: Appeal and Error. Determinations concerning grandparent visitation
     are initially entrusted to the discretion of the trial judge, whose determinations,
     on appeal, will be reviewed de novo on the record and affirmed in the absence of
     an abuse of the trial judge’s discretion.
 3.	 Judges: Words and Phrases. A judicial abuse of discretion exists when a judge,
     within the effective limits of authorized judicial power, elects to act or refrain
     from action, but the selected option results in a decision which is untenable and
     unfairly deprives a litigant of a substantial right or a just result in matters submit-
     ted for disposition through a judicial system.
 4.	 Jurisdiction: Appeal and Error. Before reaching the legal issues presented for
     review, it is the duty of an appellate court to settle jurisdictional issues.
 5.	 Parties: Standing: Jurisdiction. A party must have standing before a court can
     exercise jurisdiction, and either a party or the court can raise a question of stand-
     ing at any time during the proceeding.
 6.	 Standing: Jurisdiction. Standing relates to a court’s power, that is, jurisdiction,
     to address issues presented and serves to identify those disputes which are appro-
     priately resolved through the judicial process.
 7.	 Standing. Under the doctrine of standing, a court may decline to determine
     merits of a legal claim because the party advancing it is not properly situated
