                  IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI

                              NO. 2016-IA-00397-SCT

BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION
OF MISSISSIPPI, HOME BUILDERS
ASSOCIATION OF MISSISSIPPI, AMFED
CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY AND
AMFED COMPANIES, LLC

v.

LASER LINE CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, LLC

DATE OF JUDGMENT:                       02/26/2016
TRIAL JUDGE:                            HON. WINSTON L. KIDD
TRIAL COURT ATTORNEYS:                  STEVE C. THORNTON
                                        H. WESLEY WILLIAMS, III
                                        MITCHELL HARRY TYNER
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:              HINDS COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS:                H. WESLEY WILLIAMS, III
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:                 MITCHELL HARRY TYNER
                                        STEVE C. THORNTON
NATURE OF THE CASE:                     CIVIL - WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
DISPOSITION:                            REVERSED AND REMANDED - 06/29/2017
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

      BEFORE RANDOLPH, P.J., COLEMAN AND MAXWELL, JJ.

      RANDOLPH, PRESIDING JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:

¶1.   Laser Line Construction Company, LLC, (“Laser Line”) purchased statutory workers’

compensation insurance coverage from the Builders and Contractors Association of

Mississippi (“BCAM”) Self Insurers’ Fund. Because Laser Line was a general contractor,

BCAM sought premium payments for all employees of Laser Line’s subcontractors who did

not independently secure workers’ compensation coverage. Laser Line refused to pay
premiums for employees of subcontractors who had fewer than five employees and claimed

they were thus exempt from the coverage requirement. BCAM canceled Laser Line’s

coverage for nonpayment. Laser Line filed suit for damages and a declaratory judgment. The

defendants answered, and BCAM separately filed a counterclaim. The parties filed

competing summary judgment motions. The trial court granted Laser Line a partial summary

judgment on the statutory interpretation issue. BCAM sought and was granted permission to

file this interlocutory appeal.

                        FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY1

¶2.    Laser Line purchased statutory workers’ compensation coverage from BCAM for

three consecutive one-year periods—July 27, 2009, to July 27, 2012. According to the

coverage agreement, the initial premium was an estimate based on Laser Line’s expected




       1
        The facts of this case, as to the issue before us, generally are not in dispute.

                                               2
remuneration2 during the policy period, with the final premium being calculated after the end

of the policy period by an audit looking back at Laser Line’s actual payments or contracts.

¶3.    On September 1, 2011, AmFed3 audited Laser Line’s records of actual payments for

the July 27, 2010–July 27, 2011, coverage period. In that audit, Laser Line provided the

auditor with records showing amounts Laser Line had paid subcontractors during the policy

period and also provided certificates from each subcontractor certifying that it was exempt

under the Workers’ Compensation Act.

¶4.    In response to the audit, BCAM assessed Laser Line an additional premium charge

of $12,006 for the coverage period, relying on the amounts Laser Line had paid to the

putatively exempt subcontractors. BCAM demanded that Laser Line purchase coverage for


       2
       Regarding “remuneration,” the Coverage Agreement provided:

       Premium for each work classification is determined by multiplying a rate
       times a premium basis. Remuneration is the most common premium basis.
       This premium basis includes payroll and all other remuneration paid or
       payable during the period of this Agreement for the services of:

              1)     All of your officers and employees engaged in work
                     covered by this Agreement; and

              2)     All other persons engaged in work that could make us
                     liable under Section 1 (Statutory Workers’
                     Compensation Coverage—Part A) of this Agreement. If
                     you do not have payroll records for these persons the
                     contract price for their services and materials may be
                     used as the premium basis. This paragraph (2) will not
                     apply if you give us proof that the employers of these
                     persons lawfully secured their workers’ compensation
                     obligations.
       3
        AmFed Companies, LLC, (“AmFed”) provides claims services, underwriting
services, and billing and collection services to BCAM.

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all its exempt subcontractors unless those subcontractors independently had secured workers’

compensation coverage. Laser Line refused to pay the additional premium. In response,

BCAM canceled Laser Line’s coverage for the period then in effect (July 27, 2011–July 27,

2012). Laser Line then filed suit for breach of contract (including breach of the covenant of

good faith and fair dealing), a declaratory judgment, and defamation. BCAM filed a

counterclaim for damages.

¶5.    The parties filed competing motions for summary judgment. The trial court partially

granted Laser Line’s motion and denied BCAM’s motion: “Because every one of Laser

Line’s subcontractors was certified to be exempt under [the Act], Defendants had no

contractual basis to demand additional premium[s] for Laser Line’s exempt subcontractors

or to cancel Laser Line’s Coverage Agreement.” BCAM sought and was granted permission

to file this interlocutory appeal.

                                          ISSUE

¶6.    The sole issue on appeal is whether Mississippi Code Section 71-3-7 requires general

contractors to secure workers’ compensation coverage for employees of its subcontractors

who are exempt from the Workers’ Compensation Act.

                                 STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶7.    “The standard of review for summary judgment motions is de novo.” United States

Fid. & Guar. Co. v. Martin, 998 So. 2d 956, 962 (Miss. 2008).

                                        ANALYSIS




                                             4
¶8.    This is not the first time this Court has been called upon to interpret Section 71-3-7.

When the Mississippi Workers’ Compensation Act was first passed in 1948, the relevant

statute read, “In the case of an employer who is a subcontractor, the contractor shall be liable

for and shall secure the payment of such compensation to employees of the subcontractor

unless the subcontractor has secured such payment.” Miss. Laws 1948, ch. 354, § 4.

Employers who employed fewer than eight employees were exempt from the Act. Miss.

Laws 1948, ch. 354, § 3. This Court was asked to interpret and apply these sections in Mills

v. Barrett, 56 So. 2d 485 (Miss. 1952). Barrett, an employee of Jones (the subcontractor),

was injured during the course and scope of his employment. Id. at 485-86. Barrett filed a

claim for compensation against Mills (the contractor). Id. Jones was exempt from the Act

because he employed fewer than eight employees. Id. at 486. Mills argued that, because

Jones was exempt, it too was exempt. Id. This Court disagreed:

       We are of the opinion that Barrett, an employee of Jones, the subcontractor of
       Mills, the principal or general contractor, comes within the provisions of the
       [Act]. The language is plain, clear, and unambiguous, and has the effect of
       making the employees of a subcontractor, where the subcontractor does not
       carry insurance for the protection of his employees, the employees of the
       principal or general contractor within the meaning of the compensation act. It
       is obvious that the purpose of the legislature was to prevent the general
       contractor from escaping liability by employing subcontractors who were not
       financially responsible and leaving employees unprotected.

Id. at 486-87.

¶9.    The Mills Court noted that the Legislature had amended the law in 1950 by adding:

“In such cases the number of employees of the subcontractor and not the contractor shall be




                                               5
the factor determining liability.” Id. at 487 (quoting Miss. Laws 1950, ch. 412, § 3).4 Mills

argued that the amendment “was passed to clarify any ambiguity in the act, although it is

conceded by [Mills] that none existed.” Id. This Court rejected that argument. See id.

(“Rather do we think that the legislature in passing this amendment strengthens our position

as it would have been a vain thing indeed to amend that which was already unambiguous and

needed no amending.”).

¶10.   This Court applied the 1950 amendment in Jackson v. Fly, 60 So. 2d 782 (Miss.

1952). In December 1950, Fly, an employee of Beach (the subcontractor), was injured during

the course and scope of his employment. Id. at 306. Fly filed a workers’ compensation claim

against Jackson (the contractor). Id. at 304. The Court noted that, pursuant to the amendment,

Fly had to show that Beach employed eight or more employees. See id. at 305 (“It will be

seen from [the 1950 amendment] that [e]very person that has in service eight or more

workmen . . . subject to the exclusions therein named, is required to provide compensation

for his employees. And, if he has eight or more such workmen and is a subcontractor and

fails to secure the payment of such benefits, the primary contractor must do so.”).

¶11.   The statute was amended again in 1958. The 1950 amendment was stricken, and the

statute was returned to its original, 1948 form. Compare Miss. Laws 1958, ch. 454, § 1, to

Miss. Laws 1948, ch. 354, § 4. The provision remains unchanged today. See Miss. Code Ann.

§ 71-3-7(6) (Rev. 2011) (“In the case of an employer who is a subcontractor, the contractor




       4
        The 1950 amendment did not apply to Barrett because the amendment went into
effect April 6, 1950, and Barrett’s injury occurred on March 31, 1950. Id. at 487.

                                              6
shall be liable for and shall secure the payment of such compensation to employees of the

subcontractor, unless the subcontractor has secured such payment.”).5

¶12.   As the statute was returned to—and remains in—its original, 1948 form, Mills

controls. Here, Laser Line, a general contractor, chose to use subcontractors who employed

fewer than five employees and who did not secure workers’ compensation coverage.

Consistent with the statute and this Court’s interpretation and application of that statute, an

employee of the subcontractor of the general contractor comes within the provisions of the

Act. The language has the effect of making the employees of a subcontractor, where the

subcontractor does not carry insurance for the protection of its employees, the employees of

the general contractor within the meaning of the Workers’ Compensation Act—thus

requiring Laser Line to secure workers’ compensation coverage for the employees of its

uninsured subcontractors. See Mills, 56 So. 2d at 486-87; Miss. Code Ann. § 71-3-7.

                                      CONCLUSION

¶13.   Section 71-3-7 mandates that general contractors secure workers’ compensation

coverage for the employees of its uninsured subcontractors. Consistent with the unambiguous

language of the statute and this Court’s prior opinions, the number of employees of the

subcontractor is not a factor in determining general-contractor liability under the Act. Thus,

the trial judge’s contrary ruling was in error.




       5
        In 1972, the threshold number of employees that subjects an employer to the
provisions of the Act was reduced from eight to five. Compare Miss. Laws 1972, ch. 522,
§ 1, to Miss. Laws 1970, ch. 455, § 1. Today, the threshold remains at five. See Miss. Code
Ann. § 71-3-5.

                                                  7
¶14.   The Hinds County Circuit Court order granting Laser Line partial summary judgment

and denying BCAM’s motion for summary judgment is reversed. We remand this case to that

court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

¶15.   REVERSED AND REMANDED.

       WALLER, C.J., KITCHENS, KING, COLEMAN, MAXWELL AND BEAM,
JJ., CONCUR. DICKINSON, P.J., AND CHAMBERLIN, J., NOT PARTICIPATING.




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