                NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
                           File Name: 18a0552n.06

                                           No. 18-3144

                          UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                             FILED
                               FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT                             Nov 02, 2018
                                                                             DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk
 BERRYLANE TRADING, INC.                                 )
                                                         )
        Plaintiff-Appellant,                             )
                                                                ON APPEAL FROM THE
                                                         )
                                                                UNITED STATES DISTRICT
 v.                                                      )
                                                                COURT FOR THE
                                                         )
                                                                NORTHERN DISTRICT OF
 TRANSPORTATION INSURANCE COMPANY                        )
                                                                OHIO
                                                         )
        Defendant-Appellee.                              )
                                                         )

BEFORE: GIBBONS, SUTTON and McKEAGUE, Circuit Judges.

       JULIA SMITH GIBBONS, Circuit Judge. After a thief broke into Berrylane Trading

Inc.’s (“Berrylane”) warehouse and stole $1,654,860 worth of iPhones, Berrylane submitted an

insurance claim to Transportation Insurance Company (“TIC”). TIC denied the claim, contending

that its insurance policy (the “Policy”) did not cover loss at the warehouse. Berrylane sued,

alleging breach of contract and bad faith. The district court dismissed Berrylane’s complaint under

Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). It found that the Policy did not provide coverage for the theft because

the warehouse was not a covered location under the Policy’s Schedule of Locations. It also found

that the theft was not covered under the Policy’s Newly Acquired or Constructed Property

endorsement (the “Endorsement”) because the warehouse was not acquired during the requisite

time period. We agree that the Policy does not cover loss at the warehouse and affirm the district

court’s dismissal of Berrylane’s complaint under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6).
No. 18-3144, Berrylane Trading Inc. v. Transportation Insurance Co.


                                                        I.

        Berrylane buys and sells cell phones, including iPhones, to companies and individuals

across the United States. Berrylane’s principal place of business is in Bedford, Ohio,1 and it

insures its property through TIC, an Illinois-based insurance company. The insurance contract at

issue began on April 7, 2015 and ran for the subsequent year. The Policy covered “business

personal property” at the only location described in the contract’s “Schedule of Locations and

Coverage”: Berrylane’s Bedford, Ohio location at 24300 Solon Road. In addition, the Policy

included a “Newly Acquired or Constructed Property” endorsement. The Endorsement included

the following provision:

                 2. Business Personal Property

                          a. When a Limit of Insurance is shown in the declarations
                             for Business Personal Property at any described
                             premises, we will pay for direct physical loss of or
                             damage to the following property caused by or resulting
                             from a Covered Cause of Loss:

                                   (1) Business Personal Property, including such property
                                   that you newly acquire, at a building you acquire by
                                   purchase or lease at any premises, including those
                                   premises shown in the Declarations; and
                                   (2) Business Personal Property that you newly acquire
                                   at a described premises.

                          ...

                 3. Period of Coverage

                          a. With respect to Insurance under this Additional
                             Coverage, coverage will end when any of the following
                             first occurs:
                                 ...

                                   (2) 180 days expire after you acquire the property or
                                   begin to construct the property[.]

        1
          Berrylane asserts that its principal place of business is in Solon, Ohio. This discrepancy does not alter
whether this court has jurisdiction, and it appears to be a typo.

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No. 18-3144, Berrylane Trading Inc. v. Transportation Insurance Co.


DE 1-1, Compl., Newly Acquired Property Endorsement Form, Page ID 67 (emphasis added.).

       The Policy was implicated when, on December 7, 2015, a thief broke into Berrylane’s

warehouse in Doral, Florida and stole approximately $1,654,860 worth of iPhones. Immediately

following the break-in, Berrylane submitted a claim for coverage to TIC. The Policy could have

covered the loss in two ways: (1) if the theft occurred at a location specifically listed in the

Schedule of Locations or (2) if the newly acquired iPhones were stolen at a location to which the

Endorsement applied. TIC found that neither provision applied and therefore rejected Berrylane’s

claim for coverage. First, in a letter dated October 27, 2016, CNA Financial Corporation (“CNA”)

General Adjuster David Reitzel wrote Berrylane that the warehouse was not listed as a covered

location under the Policy. He wrote: “The policy provides coverage for personal property at 24300

Solon Road, Bedford, Ohio. There is no coverage for personal property at 2602 NW 72nd Ave.,

Doral.” DE 1-1, Compl. Ex. C, Letter, Page ID 247. Second, in a letter dated March 1, 2017,

CNA closed the second possible avenue of coverage, informing Berrylane that its loss was also

not covered under the Endorsement. The denial stated that:

       [T]he Doral, Florida, location was not newly acquired or constructed, according to
       the terms of the endorsement, because it was acquired before the Policy ever was
       incepted and not acquired during the course of the Policy. . . . There is no coverage
       at the Doral, Florida property location because it was not included on the policy as
       a described premises and that property was not newly acquired or constructed
       during the policy term.

DE 1-1, Compl., Ex. F, Letter, Page ID 258.

       Berrylane disagreed that the Endorsement did not cover loss at the warehouse and, in

October 2017, it filed a complaint alleging breach of contract and bad faith and requesting

declaratory judgment on the parties’ rights and obligations under the Policy, in the Cuyahoga

County Court of Common Pleas in Ohio. Berrylane named three defendants: (1) CNA Financial

Corporation (“CNA”); (2) Transportation Insurance Company (“TIC”); and (3) Busha-Okeson

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No. 18-3144, Berrylane Trading Inc. v. Transportation Insurance Co.


Insurance. In November 2017, TIC, with the other defendants’ consent, removed the case on

federal diversity jurisdiction grounds to the United States District Court for the Northern District

of Ohio. A week later, each defendant filed a motion to dismiss Berrylane’s complaint for failure

to state a claim under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6).

       In December 2017, Berrylane voluntarily dismissed its claims against CNA. And in

January 2018, the district court dismissed Berrylane’s remaining claims against TIC and Busha-

Okeson Insurance. The district court held that the Policy did not provide coverage for the theft

because the Endorsement did not cover losses at the warehouse. It found that “Berrylane did not

‘acquire’ the [w]arehouse during the Policy period and [the Newly Acquired Property

endorsement] does not provide coverage.” DE 22, Order, Page ID 472.

       Berrylane timely appealed the district court’s dismissal with respect to TIC.

                                                   II.

       This court reviews de novo a district court’s grant of a motion to dismiss under Fed. R. Civ.

P. 12(b)(6). Heinrich v. Waiting Angels Adoption Services, Inc., 668 F.3d 393, 403 (6th Cir. 2012).

In reviewing a motion to dismiss under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6), “this court construes the complaint

in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, accepts the plaintiff’s factual allegations as true, and

determines whether the complaint ‘contain[s] sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to state a

claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Heinrich, 668 F.3d at 403 (quoting Ashcroft v. Iqbal,

556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009)). “A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual

content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the

misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft, 556 U.S. at 678 (citing Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544,

556 (2007)). The plausibility standard “asks for more than a sheer possibility that a defendant has

acted unlawfully” but is “not akin to a probability requirement.” Id. (internal citations omitted).



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No. 18-3144, Berrylane Trading Inc. v. Transportation Insurance Co.


Determining whether a complaint states a plausible claim for relief is a “context-specific task that

requires the reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and common sense.” Id. at 679. In

conducting this analysis, a court “primarily considers the allegations in the complaint, although

matters of public record, orders, items appearing in the record of the case, and exhibits attached to

the complaint, also may be taken into account.” Amini v. Oberlin College, 259 F.3d 493, 502 (6th

Cir. 2001) (quoting Nieman v. NLO, Inc., 108 F.3d 1546, 1554 (6th Cir. 1997)).

                                                III.

       On appeal, Berrylane posits three arguments.           First, Berrylane contends that the

Endorsement did not require it to acquire the warehouse during the Policy period; rather, Berrylane

only had to acquire the iPhones during the policy period. Second, Berrylane asserts in the

alternative that even if the warehouse had to be acquired during the period, this requirement was

met because the warehouse was physically acquired after the Policy began even though the lease

became effective prior to the Policy period. Berrylane argues that while the lease became effective

in February 2015, before the Policy period, it did not begin using the warehouse until the summer

of 2015, during the Policy period. Third, Berrylane contends that the district court incorrectly

concluded that Berrylane’s failure to report the acquisition of the warehouse, so TIC could adjust

its premium, precluded the warehouse from coverage under the Policy. As to Berrylane’s first two

arguments, we conclude that the Endorsement required the warehouse to be acquired during the

Policy period and that acquisition occurred when the lease became effective. We therefore

conclude that the Policy did not cover loss at the warehouse. We decline to reach the third issue

because it is unnecessary to decide the case.




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No. 18-3144, Berrylane Trading Inc. v. Transportation Insurance Co.


                                                  A.

       Berrylane’s complaint raises state law claims under Ohio law, and the defendants removed

to federal court on the basis of diversity of citizenship. Thus, this court applies the substantive law

of Ohio and federal procedural law. Biegas v. Quickway Carriers, Inc., 573 F.3d 365, 374 (6th

Cir. 2009) (“Under the Erie doctrine, federal courts sitting in diversity apply the substantive law

of the forum state and federal procedural law.”) (citing Erie R. Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64

(1938)). In applying Ohio law, this court “must follow the decisions of the state’s highest court

when that court has addressed the relevant issue.” Savedoff v. Access Group, Inc., 524 F.3d 754,

762 (6th Cir. 2008) (quoting Talley v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 223 F.3d 323, 326 (6th Cir.

2000)). Thus, this court must determine whether Berrylane stated a claim for relief that was

plausible under Ohio contract law. See id. at 762–63 (applying Ohio law in federal diversity

jurisdiction case to determine whether contract was breached).

       “An insurance policy is a contract.” Westfield Ins. Co. v. Galatis, 797 N.E.2d 1256, 1261

(Ohio 2003). To establish a breach of contract in Ohio, a plaintiff must prove, by a preponderance

of the evidence, “the existence of a contract, performance by the plaintiff, breach by the defendant,

and damage or loss to the plaintiff.” Jarupan v. Hanna, 878 N.E.2d 66, 73 (Ohio Ct. App. 2007)

(quoting Powell v. Grant Med. Ctr., 771 N.E.2d 874, 881 (Ohio Ct. App. 2002)). Here, the issue

is whether TIC breached a contractual term in denying Berrylane coverage for the loss of the

cellphones. It is thus necessary to determine whether the insurance contract covered loss at

Berrylane’s Florida warehouse.

         Under Ohio law, “[w]hen confronted with an issue of contractual interpretation, the role

of the court is to give effect to the intent of the parties to the agreement.” Westfield Ins. Co., 797

N.E.2d at 1261. The court “examine[s] the insurance contract as a whole and presume[s] that the



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No. 18-3144, Berrylane Trading Inc. v. Transportation Insurance Co.


intent of the parties is reflected in the language used in the policy.” Id. Generally, the court

“look[s] to the plain and ordinary meaning of the language used in the policy[,] unless another

meaning is clearly apparent from the contents of the policy.” Id.; see Alexander v. Buckeye Pipe

Line Co., 374 N.E.2d 146, 150 (Ohio 1978) (“[C]ommon words appearing in a written instrument

are to be given their plain and ordinary meaning unless manifest absurdity results or unless some

other meaning is clearly intended from the face or overall contents of the instrument.”). When the

language in a written contract is clear, the court may only look at the writing itself to determine

the intent of the parties. See Westfield Ins. Co., 797 N.E.2d at 1261. In Ohio, as a matter of law,

a contract is unambiguous “if it can be given a definite legal meaning.” Id. To the contrary, where

language in the contract cannot be given a definite legal meaning, courts may consider extrinsic

evidence to ascertain the parties’ intent. Id. A court may not, however, “imput[e] an intent

contrary to that expressed by the parties.” Id. at 1261–62.

       In the insurance context, “ambiguity in an insurance contract is ordinarily interpreted

against the insurer and in favor of the insured.” Id. at 1262 (citing King v. Nationwide Ins. Co.,

519 N.E.2d 1380, 1383 (Ohio 1988) (“[I]t is well-settled that, where provisions of a contract of

insurance are reasonably susceptible of more than one interpretation, they will be construed strictly

against the insurer and liberally in favor of the insured.”)). But where an insured provides an

unreasonable interpretation of the policy, the court will not construe ambiguity in favor of the

insured. Id. (“Although, as a rule, a policy of insurance that is reasonably open to different

interpretations will be construed most favorably for the insured, that rule will not be applied so as

to provide an unreasonable interpretation of the words of the policy.” (quotation omitted)); see

also Westfall v. Dlesk, 46 N.Ed.3d 124, 128 (Ohio Ct. App. 2015) (“When an ambiguity exists in




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No. 18-3144, Berrylane Trading Inc. v. Transportation Insurance Co.


an insurance policy, the policy should be construed liberally in favor of coverage, unless such an

interpretation would be unreasonable.”).

                                                  B.

          First, Berrylane contends that the district court erred in determining that the Endorsement

required the warehouse to be acquired during the Policy period. The district court found that “[i]f

this phrase was meant to include properties that were acquired prior to the effective date of the

Policy, it would use the past tense ‘acquired.’ It does not.” DE 22, Order, Page ID 473. We agree

with the district court that the Endorsement only covered locations acquired during the Policy

period.

          Corporations, like Berrylane, both expand to new locations and add new personal property

as they grow. With either type of growth, their insurance companies’ exposure to risk also grows,

and parties usually amend their insurance coverage accordingly. Before an insured acquires more

permanent insurance coverage, though, its contract may provide a “Newly Acquired or

Constructed Property” endorsement.          This endorsement is typically intended to provide

temporary insurance coverage for newly acquired or constructed property while the

insured obtains      permanent     coverage.           See   THE   BALANCE      SMALL     BUSINESS,

https://www.thebalancesmb.com/newly-acquired-property-462689/ (last visited Sept. 11, 2018).

          Here, determining whether the provision “at a building you acquire by purchase or lease at

any premises” limited coverage to buildings Berrylane acquired after the Policy period began turns

on the meaning of the word “acquire.” We look to the plain and ordinary meaning of the word to

begin our analysis. Merriam-Webster dictionary defines “acquire” to mean “to get as one’s own”

or “to come into possession or control of often by unspecified means.” Acquire, MERRIAM-

WEBSTER.COM, http://merriam-webster.com/dictionary/acquire (last visited Sept. 19, 2018). The



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No. 18-3144, Berrylane Trading Inc. v. Transportation Insurance Co.


tense of “acquire” affects the meaning of the sentence. For example, a policy might say “at a

building you have acquired or acquire by purchase or lease.” This wording would seemingly

extend to buildings that had been acquired prior to the Policy period as well as ones acquired within

the Policy period. But the wording of the Policy at issue only includes the present tense, which

strongly suggests that it only covers buildings acquired after the inception of the Policy period.

       The Ohio Court of Appeals has provided helpful support. In Spike Industries, Inc. v.

Midwestern Indemn. Co., the Ohio Court of Appeals interpreted a similar insurance policy

provision—a newly acquired or constructed property provision which extended coverage to

business personal property “at any location you acquire other than at fairs or exhibitions.” No. 06

MA 148, 2007 WL 4145842, at *2 (Ohio Ct. App. Nov. 14, 2007) (emphasis added). The court

held that the policy “cover[ed] personal property at newly acquired locations, not newly acquired

personal property at any location.” Id. at *3. The court reasoned that this interpretation avoided

“an arbitrary distinction between personal property acquired at fairs and exhibitions and that

acquired from other sources” in the context of an insurance contract “designed to primarily insure

the real estate owned by Spike Industries and the personal property within that real estate, not all

of Spike Industries’ personal property, wherever it may be found.” Id. Similarly, Berrylane’s

insurance contract was primarily designed to cover one specific location – the Solon Road location

listed on the Schedule of Locations. Thus, as in Spike, the heart of the Policy was about covering

property at the Solon Road location—it was not a policy intended to cover all Berrylane’s business

personal property “wherever it may be found.” To read the Endorsement as covering all business

personal property “wherever it may be found” would cut against the purpose of listing specific

locations for coverage in the contract.




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No. 18-3144, Berrylane Trading Inc. v. Transportation Insurance Co.


       Other state courts have similarly concluded that analogous provisions refer to property

acquired after the inception of the policy period. For example, the Texas Court of Appeals found

that the newly acquired property provision “had to be at a location that [the insured] ‘acquires’

during the policy period.” 3109 Props, L.L.C. v. Truck Insurance Exchange, No. 03-13-00350-

CN, 2015 WL 3827580, at *5 (Tex. App. June 18, 2015). The court found that interpreting the

provision to include locations the insured already owned “ignores the active nature of the dynamic

verb ‘acquire,’” and that the verb acquire “represents an action—that of obtaining” and that the

section thus “extends coverage to business personal property at locations [the insured] acquires—

i.e. gets or obtains—during the policy period.” Id.; see also On-Site Fasteners and Construction

Supplies, Inc. v. Mapfre Ins. Co. of Fla., 82 So.3d 1001, 1003 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2011)

(concluding that the provision “at any location you acquire other than at fairs, trade shows or

exhibitions” was “somewhat poorly drafted” but nevertheless was restricted to “coverage for

business personal property located at a ‘newly acquired location,’ so long as it [was] not at a fair,

trade show, or exhibition”) (emphasis added). In these cases, the courts interpreted “you acquire”

as indicating acquisition after the inception of the Policy period. Given the active nature of the

verb “acquire,” the Endorsement, which applied to newly acquired business personal property at

“a building you acquire” (emphasis added), only covered locations that Berrylane acquired after

the inception of the Policy.

                                                 C.

       Given that the Endorsement covered property at locations acquired during the Policy

period, we must next consider what it means to “acquire” a building. Berrylane contends that

acquisition means “physical possession or control,” while the district court found that Berrylane

acquired the warehouse when the lease became effective but before Berrylane began using the



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No. 18-3144, Berrylane Trading Inc. v. Transportation Insurance Co.


building. It is unsurprising that Berrylane wants acquisition to relate to the time it began physically

using—rather than leasing—the warehouse. If we were to adopt Berrylane’s proffered meaning,

its acquisition of the warehouse would fall within the Policy period, and Berrylane’s loss would

be covered by the Endorsement. We disagree with Berrylane’s position, as did the district court.

       Again, we start with the plain and ordinary meaning of the word “acquire.” As stated

above, Merriam-Webster dictionary defines “acquire” to mean “to get as one’s own” or “to come

into possession or control of often by unspecified means.” Supra p. 9. As possession could be

legal or physical, this dictionary definition does little to guide us in our explication. Instead, we

look to common contexts in which we encounter the word “acquire.”

       Berrylane points us to automobile insurance. It argues that acquire means physical

possession because that’s how car insurance works. Berrylane analogizes to Artisan & Truckers

Cas. Co. v. JMK Transp., LLC, where the court found that “ownership for insurance purposes in

an automobile accident hinges on physical possession of the automobile.” 994 N.E.2d 528, 533

(Ohio Ct. App. 2013). This possession requirement makes sense for automobile insurance:

insurance is relevant when the person who physically drives the car gets into an accident; the

person whose name is on the title and registration for the car may be unrelated to the accident. But

real property is different. Real property insurance is not meant just to cover situations in which

the insurance holder is physically at the insured property; instead, insurance protects loss at the

property even when the insurance holder is not present.

       The doctrine of adverse possession provides a useful example of how legal, rather than

physical, possession relates to real property. Under the doctrine of adverse possession, a plaintiff

can “acquire” legal title to another’s real property if he proves physical possession, among other

factors, for the relevant statutory period of limitations. Houck v. Bd. Of Park Commrs. of the



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No. 18-3144, Berrylane Trading Inc. v. Transportation Insurance Co.


Huron Cty. Park Dist., 876 N.E.2d 1210, 1212 (Ohio 2007). Thus, although physical possession

of property is one factor that courts consider when determining whether a party has acquired real

property, it is legal possession that allows the adverse possessor to remain on the property without

worry of ejectment. Hence, it is legal, not physical, possession that ultimately matters. Applied in

the insurance context, this is contrary to Berrylane’s argument that it is physical, rather than legal,

possession that determines whether the insurance holder has acquired property.

         Similarly, common sense directs us to interpret “acquire” as legal, rather than physical,

possession of real property. When one buys a house, it is the conveyance of title that determines

legal ownership. It is the legal acquisition of the home that allows him to alter it. Whether the

owner actually physically moves in and uses the house is not relevant. Acquisition happens when

title passes—not when the owner moves in—in other words, acquisition happens upon legal, not

physical, possession.

         Here, when we apply the meaning of the word “acquire,” Berrylane’s acquisition of the

warehouse occurred either when it signed the lease on January 8, 2015 or when the lease took

effect on February 1, 2015. Either date is before the Policy period began in April 2015, and either

date precludes recovery under the Policy.

         The warehouse lease agreement2 itself also suggests that Berrylane acquired the warehouse

when the agreement became effective, not when it began using it. First, the lease indicated that


         2
           Berrylane argues that TIC cannot rely on the lease agreement in support of its 12(b)(6) motion because it
was not attached to the complaint. This is incorrect for two reasons. First, this court has held that in reviewing a
12(b)(6) motion, it “primarily considers allegations in the complaint, although matters of public record, orders, items
appearing in the record of the case, and exhibits attached to the complaint may be taken into account.” Amini v.
Oberlin College, 259 F.3d 493, 502 (6th Cir. 2001) (quotation omitted). The lease agreement appears in the record of
the case, and can therefore be considered in support of the 12(b)(6) motion.
          Second, this court has held that “documents that a defendant attaches to a motion to dismiss are considered
part of the pleadings if they are referred to in the plaintiff’s complaint and are central to her claim.” Weiner v. Klais
& Co., 108 F.3d 86, 89 (6th Cir. 1997) (quotation omitted). TIC attached the lease agreement in its reply in support
of its motion to dismiss. Berrylane indirectly refers to the lease agreement by claiming that “a thief broke into a
warehouse located at 2602 NW 72nd Avenue, Doral Florida, and stole iPhones belonging to Berrylane,” and

                                                          12
No. 18-3144, Berrylane Trading Inc. v. Transportation Insurance Co.


Berrylane was in “full and complete possession” of the warehouse as of the time the agreement

became effective. DE 21-1, Lease Agreement, Page ID 464 (“Tenant is in full and complete

possession of the Property and has accepted the Property including any tenant improvements or

other work of Owner performed thereon pursuant to the terms and provisions of the Lease, and the

Property is in compliance with the Lease.”). There is no evidence that suggests that Berrylane

accrued any new rights with regard to the warehouse in the time between when the lease became

effective in February 2015 and when it began using the warehouse in summer 2015. Second, the

lease agreement made Berrylane’s right to “peaceful possession” of the warehouse contingent

upon paying rent, not upon actual use. DE 21-1, Lease Agreement, Page ID 456 (“Landlord agrees

that Tenant, upon paying the base and additional rent, shall and may peacefully have, hold and

enjoy the Premises above described, without hindrance or molestation by Landlord. Landlord shall

not interfere with Tenant’s quiet enjoyment of the demised Premises.”). This suggests that the

agreement contemplated that Berrylane would acquire the warehouse when the lease took effect.

Third, the lease agreement notes that Berrylane must have insurance for the property “during the

lease term.” DE 21-1, Lease Agreement, Page ID 455 (“Tenant shall, during the Lease Term,

procure at its expense and keep in force the following insurance. . . .”). The agreement’s linkage

of the requirement for insurance coverage to the lease term, rather than Berrylane’s actual use of

the warehouse, further indicates that Berrylane’s acquisition of the warehouse occurred when the

lease took effect.

        Moreover, the Endorsement language suggests that Berrylane acquired the warehouse

when the lease took effect, rather than when Berrylane began using it. The Endorsement applied

to newly acquired property that Berrylane “acquire[s] by purchase or lease,” which by its very


Berrylane’s lease agreement is central to its claim because the Endorsement covers locations that “you acquire by
purchase or lease.” Thus, this court may consider the lease agreement in reviewing the 12(b)(6) motion.

                                                       13
No. 18-3144, Berrylane Trading Inc. v. Transportation Insurance Co.


terms indicates that the Policy contemplated that acquisition occurs “by purchase or lease,” not

through physical possession. DE 8-5, Newly Acquired Endorsement, Page ID 374 (emphasis

added). Thus, both the lease agreement and Endorsement suggest that Berrylane acquired the

warehouse when the lease became effective. And because Berrylane acquired the warehouse

before the Policy period began, the district court correctly found that the Endorsement did not

cover loss at the warehouse.

                                                 D.

       In the alternative, Berrylane argues that the meaning of the word “acquire” is ambiguous

and that this court should therefore construe the contract against TIC and reverse the dismissal.

Berrylane is correct that if the meaning of “acquire” is ambiguous, this court should construe the

provision in favor of Berrylane. See King v. Nationwide Ins. Co., 519 N.E.2d 1380, 1383 (“[I]t is

well-settled that, where provisions of a contract of insurance are reasonably susceptible of more

than one interpretation, they will be construed strictly against the insurer and liberally in favor of

the insured.”). This analytical approach does not apply, though, when an insurance holder provides

an unreasonable interpretation of the policy. See Westfield Ins. Co. v. Galatis, 797 N.E.2d 1256,

1262 (Ohio 2003) (“Although, as a rule, a policy of insurance that is reasonably open to different

interpretations will be construed most favorably for the insured, that rule will not be applied so as

to provide an unreasonable interpretation of the words of the policy.” (quotation omitted)).

       Based on the preceding analysis, the contract is not ambiguous. A contract can be “poorly

drafted” yet ultimately unambiguous. See On-Site Fasteners and Construction Supplies, Inc. v.

Mapfre Ins. Co., 82 So. 3d 1001, 1003 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2011) (holding that although newly

acquired clause was “somewhat poorly drafted,” it still unambiguously applied to business

personal property at newly acquired locations). Thus, although this contract provision might be



                                                 14
No. 18-3144, Berrylane Trading Inc. v. Transportation Insurance Co.


“poorly drafted,” this court has no obligation to construe it in favor of Berrylane because it is not

ambiguous.

       But even if the meaning of acquire is ambiguous, Berrylane’s interpretation is

unreasonable. The purpose of a Newly Acquired provision is to provide a temporary safeguard to

cover new property acquired during the policy period that would otherwise be uninsured. If the

provision covered new property at any location—even properties the insurance holder has already

owned for years—there would be little incentive to include multiple locations on a schedule of

locations. Rather, the insurance holder could pay a premium on only one location but continually

reap benefits for other locations should loss occur elsewhere. This conflicts with the notion of

insurance as a gamble that both parties enter into ahead of time: the insurance holder gambles that

paying an insurance premium is worth it because loss may occur, and the insurance company

gambles that the risk will never come to fruition. Extending an Endorsement to cover new property

at any location removes the fundamental gamble that both parties make when they enter into the

contract because it eliminates the requirement to decide on the front end which locations will be

covered. Thus, Berrylane’s proposed interpretation is unreasonable.

                                                 E.

       Lastly, Berrylane argues that the district court erred in determining that Berrylane’s failure

to notify TIC when it acquired the warehouse precluded it from seeking recovery under the Policy.

We decline to reach this issue because it is unnecessary to resolve the dispute at hand.

                                                 IV.

       For the reasons stated, we affirm the district court’s dismissal of Berrylane’s complaint for

failure to state a claim under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6).




                                                 15
