                                                                        F I L E D
                                                                 United States Court of Appeals
                                                                         Tenth Circuit
                 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                          DEC 11 2003

                                 TENTH CIRCUIT                      PATRICK FISHER
                                                                             Clerk



 MAURICE WOMBLE,

          Plaintiff-Appellant,

 v.                                                    No. 03-4107
                                               (D.C. No. 2:01-CV-1042-TC)
 SALT LAKE CITY CORPORATION;                              (Utah)
 JUDGE DENNIS FUCHS; EDNA
 DRAKE,

          Defendants-Appellees.




                          ORDER AND JUDGMENT *


Before SEYMOUR, MURPHY, and O’BRIEN, Circuit Judges.


      On December 27, 2001, Maurice Womble filed suit against various Utah

state agencies and officials alleging violations of 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 1985.

Mr. Womble’s claims appear to stem from the City of Salt Lake’s denial of his

      *
       After examining appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this panel has
determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the
determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2) and 10th Cir. R.
34.1(G). The case is therefore submitted without oral argument. This order and
judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case,
res judicata, or collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of
orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the
terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
application for a license to operate a sexually oriented business. On March 18,

2003–nearly a year and three months after Mr. Womble filed his complaint–the

district court issued an Order directing Mr. Womble to show cause why the court

should not dismiss his claims without prejudice for failure to effect service

pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m). While Mr. Womble did serve

the defendants on March 21, 2003, his response to the court’s Order failed to

address any cause for this significant delay in effecting service. As such, the

district court dismissed Mr. Womble’s complaint without prejudice. Mr. Womble

appeals that dismissal.

      Also before us are arguments advanced by Judge Dennis Fuchs that Mr.

Womble’s claims against him are barred by the statute of limitations, the Eleventh

Amendment, and the principle of judicial immunity. Having considered these

contentions, we affirm the district court’s dismissal but hold it should be treated

as a dismissal with prejudice with respect to claims against Judge Fuchs.

            I. DISMISSAL FOR FAILURE TO EFFECT SERVICE

      “We review the district court’s dismissal for untimely service for an abuse

of discretion.” Espinoza v. United States, 52 F.3d 838, 840 (10th Cir. 1995)

(citing Jones v. Frank, 973 F.2d 872, 972 (10th Cir. 1992)). Rule 4(m) mandates:

      If service of the summons and complaint is not made upon a
      defendant within 120 days after the filing of the complaint, the
      court, upon motion or on its own initiative after notice to the
      plaintiff, shall dismiss the action without prejudice as to that

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      defendant or direct that service be effected within a specified time;
      provided that if the plaintiff shows good cause for the failure, the
      court shall extend the time for service for an appropriate period.

      This circuit employs a two-step analysis for dismissal pursuant to Rule

4(m). See Espinoza, 52 F.2d at 841. The district court must first consider

whether a defendant has shown good cause for failure to serve a defendant. Id.

“If good cause is shown, the plaintiff is entitled to a mandatory extension of time.

If the plaintiff fails to show good cause, the district court must still consider

whether a permissive extension of time may be warranted.” Id. The court may

then, within its discretion, dismiss without prejudice or extend the time for

service. Id.

      Mr. Womble’s March 26, 2003, response to the district court’s order does

not demonstrate cause for his failure to effect service, nor does it set forth any

reasons why the district court should permissively extend the 120-day period for

service. The district court thus did not abuse its discretion in dismissing Mr.

Womble’s complaint without prejudice pursuant to Rule 4(m).

      That Mr. Womble did in fact effect service after the court’s order does not

alter our analysis. This service was well outside the 120-day period, and it was

therefore without effect absent a finding of good cause or a permissive extension

from the district court. Putnam v. Morris, 833 F.2d 903, 904 (10th Cir. 1987).




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         II. DISMISSAL WITH PREJUDICE AS TO JUDGE FUCHS

      In arguing that dismissal of Mr. Womble’s suit against him should operate

as dismissal with prejudice, Judge Fuchs relies on Putnam. In that case, this court

held that “[d]ismissal for failure to serve within the time period is without

prejudice. It may, however, operate as a dismissal with prejudice when the action

will be time-barred.” Putnam, 833 F.2d at 904-05.

      The civil rights claims Mr. Womble lodges against Judge Fuchs arise out of

Mr. Womble’s appearance in Judge Fuch’s courtroom in 1996. See Rec., doc. 17

at 1. The statute of limitations applicable to Mr. Womble’s claims is four years.

See Sheets v. Salt Lake County, 45 F.3d 1383, 1387 (10th Cir. 1995); U TAH C ODE

A NN . § 78-12-25(3). Mr. Womble’s December 2001 complaint, filed at least five

years after the events in Judge Fuchs courtroom took place, falls outside the

limitations period. Therefore, the district court’s dismissal as to Judge Fuch’s

claims shall operate as a dismissal with prejudice.

      The district court did not abuse its discretion in dismissing without

prejudice Mr. Womble’s claims against Salt Lake City and Edna Drake. We hold,

however, that the dismissal of the claims against Judge Fuchs should operate as a

dismissal with prejudice. The district court’s dismissal as to Salt Lake City and

Edna Drake is therefore AFFIRMED. In light of our conclusion that the claims

against Judge Fuchs should not have been dismissed without prejudice, we


                                         -4-
REMAND that portion of the district court’s order for dismissal with prejudice.

                                             ENTERED FOR THE COURT

                                             Stephanie K. Seymour
                                             Circuit Judge




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