                           STATE OF MICHIGAN

                            COURT OF APPEALS



PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,                                      UNPUBLISHED
                                                                      August 16, 2016
               Plaintiff-Appellee,

v                                                                     No. 327415
                                                                      Wayne Circuit Court
PAMELA MAE BUTLER,                                                    LC No. 14-004063-FH

               Defendant-Appellant.


Before: K. F. KELLY, P.J., and M. J. KELLY and RONAYNE KRAUSE, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

        Defendant appeals as of right her jury convictions of possession with intent to deliver
marijuana, MCL 333.7401(2)(d)(iii), and possession of a firearm during the commission of a
felony, MCL 750.227b(1).1 The trial court sentenced defendant to five years’ probation for the
controlled substance conviction and a two-year term of consecutive imprisonment for the felony-
firearm conviction. We affirm.

        Defendant argues that she is entitled to a new trial due to ineffective assistance of
counsel. Although defendant preserved this issue by raising it in the trial court, the trial court did
not conduct an evidentiary hearing. Therefore, “review is limited to mistakes apparent from the
record.” People v Lane, 308 Mich App 38, 68; 862 NW2d 446 (2014). “Effective counsel is
presumed and the defendant bears a heavy burden of proving otherwise.” People v Eloby (After
Remand), 215 Mich App 472, 476; 547 NW2d 48 (1996). To establish ineffective assistance of
counsel, defendant must “show both that counsel’s performance fell below objective standards of
reasonableness, and that it is reasonably probable that the results of the proceeding would have
been different had it not been for counsel’s error.” People v Frazier, 478 Mich 231, 243; 733
NW2d 713 (2007). Under the first prong of this test, “a reviewing court must conclude that the
act or omission of the defendant’s trial counsel fell within the range of reasonable professional
conduct if, after affirmatively entertaining the range of possible reasons for the act or omission
under the facts known to the reviewing court, there might have been a legitimate strategic reason



1
  The jury acquitted defendant of an additional charge of maintaining a drug house, MCL
333.7405(1)(d).


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for the act or omission.” People v Gioglio (On Remand), 296 Mich App 12, 22-23; 815 NW2d
589 (2012), remanded for resentencing 493 Mich 864 (2012).

        Defendant first argues that trial counsel was ineffective for not moving to suppress the
marijuana and gun that were seized from the house occupied by defendant. The failure to object
to evidence can constitute ineffective assistance of counsel where the evidence is inadmissible
and its introduction is so prejudicial that it could have affected the outcome of the case. People v
Ullah, 216 Mich App 669, 685-686; 550 NW2d 568 (1996).

       According to defendant’s testimony at trial, she was at her daughter’s house when she
heard a loud bang on the front door. When she went to open the door, the police broke into the
house, searched it, and found marijuana plants and a rifle in the basement. Although defendant
complains that counsel was ineffective for not challenging the validity of the search in a motion
to suppress, defendant has not established that she had standing to challenge the search.

        “The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution and its counterpart in the
Michigan Constitution guarantee the right of persons to be secure against unreasonable searches
and seizures.” People v Kazmierczak, 461 Mich 411, 417; 605 NW2d 667 (2000). In order to
implicate the Fourth Amendment, the police must conduct a search, which “occurs when the
government intrudes on an individual’s reasonable, or justifiable, expectation of privacy.”
People v Taylor, 253 Mich App 399, 404; 655 NW2d 291 (2002). Clearly, one may have a
reasonable expectation of privacy in one’s own home. People v Custer (On Remand), 248 Mich
App 552, 561-562; 640 NW2d 576 (2001). One may even have a reasonable expectation of
privacy in another’s home if one is staying there temporarily as a guest, but not if one is merely
visiting. People v Parker, 230 Mich App 337, 340-341; 584 NW2d 336 (1998).

        Defendant testified that she was just at the house that day to help her daughter’s father
with childcare duties, but that she used the house as a mailing address for important documents.
Defendant does not address the standing issue. Because the record does not establish a basis for
defendant’s standing to challenge the validity of the search, and defendant has not made an offer
of proof showing a basis for resolving the issue in her favor, there is no basis for finding that
defense counsel was ineffective for failing to file a motion to suppress. Absent standing, the
issue cannot be resolved in defendant’s favor and “defense counsel is not ineffective for failing
to pursue a futile motion.” People v Brown, 279 Mich App 116, 142; 755 NW2d 664 (2008).

        Defendant also argues that defense counsel was ineffective for failing to object when the
trial court dismissed several venire members because they favored the legalization of marijuana,
without further inquiry whether the jurors’ views about marijuana would prevent them from
rendering an impartial verdict based on the evidence.

        “A defendant tried by jury has a right to a fair and impartial jury.” People v Budzyn, 456
Mich 77, 88; 566 NW2d 229 (1997). “Jurors are presumed to be competent and impartial . . . ”
People v Walker, 162 Mich App 60, 63; 412 NW2d 244 (1987). That presumption is not
overcome by the mere existence of preconceived notions, impressions, or opinions about the case
or the defendant’s guilt or innocence. People v Cline, 276 Mich App 634, 640-641; 741 NW2d
563 (2007). The court must examine the prospective jurors, who may be asked questions
pertinent to the inquiry. MCR 2.511(C) and (D); MCR 6.412(D)(2). If a prospective juror states

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that he or she can set aside any personal opinion and render an impartial verdict based on the
evidence, a challenge for cause should not be granted. See Irvin v Dowd, 366 US 717, 723; 81 S
Ct 1639; 6 L Ed 2d 751 (1961); People v Roupe, 150 Mich App 469, 474; 389 NW2d 449
(1986). The trial court erred in dismissing the prospective jurors out of hand, without
determining whether they could set aside their opinions regarding the legalization of marijuana.
However, even if counsel’s failure to raise a timely objection could be deemed unreasonable,
defendant has not shown that she was prejudiced by counsel’s error.2 While potentially fair and
impartial prospective jurors did not have an opportunity to decide this case, defendant does not
contend that the jury that was impaneled was not fair and impartial. Therefore, defendant was
not denied her right to a fair and impartial jury, and thus was not prejudiced by counsel’s failure
to timely object.

       Affirmed.

                                                            /s/ Kirsten Frank Kelly
                                                            /s/ Michael J. Kelly
                                                            /s/ Amy Ronayne Krause




2
  We reject defendant’s reliance on People v Miller, 411 Mich 321; 307 NW2d 335 (1981), to
argue that she should not have to show prejudice for a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel
predicated on counsel’s handling of a jury-selection issue. Not only is such an argument
contrary to Frazier regarding the necessary elements of a claim of ineffective assistance of
counsel, the rule of automatic reversal adopted in Miller was rejected by a majority of justices in
People v Bell, 473 Mich 275, 293-295 (CORRIGAN, J.), 301-303 (TAYLOR, CJ., concurring); 702
NW2d 128 (2005), amended 474 Mich 1201 (2005).


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