                                Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 350


                ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                       DIVISION I
                                      No. CV-16-171

 JENNIFER BEAN and                               Opinion Delivered:   June 22, 2016
 JON C. BEAN
                              APPELLANTS         APPEAL FROM THE BENTON
                                                 COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
 V.                                              [NO.04J-15-500]

 ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF         HONORABLE THOMAS E.
 HUMAN SERVICES and MINOR       SMITH, JUDGE
 CHILD
                      APPELLEES AFFIRMED


                           WAYMOND M. BROWN, Judge

       Appellants appeal from the circuit court’s order adjudicating appellants’ child, C.B.4,

born 5/19/2015, as dependent-neglected. Appellants’ sole argument on appeal is that there

was insufficient evidence to support the circuit court’s finding that C.B.4 was dependent-

neglected. We affirm.

       DHS encountered appellants on December 20, 2013, after receiving a referral with

allegations of environmental neglect involving their three children C.B.1, born 5/7/2010;

C.B.2, born 6/25/2011; and C.B.3, born 1/27/2014. Finding appellants’ home filled with

dirt, debris, and filth in every room, the report was found to be true. A protective services

case was opened on the three children, during which it was learned that appellants had given

six other children to the maternal grandparents due to environmental neglect and had not

seen those six children in “about 2 years.”
                                 Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 350

       DHS continued to contact appellants regarding the environmental neglect, which

did not get better, and continued when appellants moved to another home. Appellants

denied that they needed help with organization or cleaning or that parenting classes were

needed. Appellants declined intensive family services. Appellants told the family service

worker not to come to their home and moved without notifying DHS, though the worker

was given directions to the new home. Upon arrival at the new home on July 19, 2014,

Jennifer refused to let the worker in the home. The worker was put on the phone with

Chris who told her not to come to the house when he was not there, on weekends, or late

at night. 1 Of appellants’ three children, one was completely naked until Jennifer told him

to put clothes on and another was wearing a diaper that was full of urine to the point of

“hanging down almost to his knees.” Chris advised that the appellants were suing DHS for

harassment. A 72-hour hold was taken on appellants’ three children on July 19, 2014. They

were still in DHS’s custody, in foster care, when C.B.4 was born on May 19, 2015.

       After being referred for services with Seven Hills Homeless Center (Seven Hills),

appellants lied about having custody of their three children in the home in order to get a

three-bedroom house, and Chris stopped working once the program began paying

appellants’ bills. 2 Appellants’ visits with the children were not going well as Jennifer “[lost]

her temper often in front of the children” and did not support C.B.4’s head when he was

just ten days old. DHS filed a petition for a finding of dependency-neglect on C.B.4 on


       1
       Appellant Jon C. Bean is referred to as “Chris” below, and so, is referred to in the
same manner in this opinion.
       2
           Chris did not make enough money to pay his bills.


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August 19, 2015, therein noting DHS’s history with appellants, that their children “were

not speaking and did not even know their names” when taken into custody, and its belief

that appellants “[had] not demonstrated to have the ability to care for children nor to provide

for their basic needs.”

       A three-day hearing was held on DHS’s petition. 3 At the hearing, appellants

stipulated that C.B.1, C.B.2, and C.B.3 had already been adjudicated dependent-neglected.

Extensive testimony was taken over three days. The circuit court orally ruled as follows:

       I’m going to find, based on the law, and the arguments, and the evidence, based on
       these factors: One, there is a very, very long history, it’s not just these three kids
       currently in care, it’s the fact that six other kids have been in care and a guardianship
       voluntarily; but for the same reasons, for environmental neglect.
        ....
       And then in this case, [C.B.4], the concern to this Court is [appellants] have made a
       lot of progress. But specifically, the Court’s biggest concern has always been the
       ability of the Beans to accept help, and to be honest. And they actually weren’t honest
       about being pregnant with [C.B.4]. They didn’t tell DHS. That’s a concern to the
       court.
        ....
       So I’m going to adjudicate dependent-neglect. I’m not going to take this child. I
       want all of these kids immediately prepared to start trial placement by the time we
       have a hearing.
        ....
       But keep in mind, while I am adjudicating dependent-neglect, I am finding that you
       all have taken the services we’ve been offering. Listening to you testify today, I
       observed and listened. [ . . . ] You recognized accountability.
        ....
       I do believe that there is a risk though, that when I put all of these kids back in your
       care that you may not be up to the task.

       But you need to remember, the concerns the State has are legitimate. We’ve had 10
       kids, six of them live with one set of grandparents. Three of them are in the State’s
       care. One of them had failure to thrive while we had the case going. No matter what
       the circumstances are—when you connect the dots, that’s very scary.
       3
           The hearing took place on September 15, 2015; September 22, 2015; and October
8, 2015.


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The circuit court went on to state, “I know [the appellants are] raising [C.B.4] fine. I’m

actually convinced [C.B.4] is not in danger right now. However based on all of this history

he could be in danger when all these other kids are around.” The circuit court entered an

order on November 23, 2015, adjudicating C.B.4 dependent-neglected on account of

neglect and parental unfitness. This timely appeal followed.

        Adjudication hearings are held to determine whether the allegations in a petition are

substantiated by the proof. 4 Dependency-neglect allegations must be proven by a

preponderance of the evidence. 5 We will not reverse the circuit court’s findings unless they

are clearly erroneous. 6 In reviewing a dependency-neglect adjudication, we defer to the

circuit court’s evaluation of the credibility of the witnesses. 7 The focus of an adjudication

hearing is on the child, not the parent; at this stage of a proceeding, the juvenile code is

concerned with whether the child is dependent-neglected. 8 An adjudication of dependency-

neglect occurs without reference to which parent committed the acts or omissions leading




        4
         Maynard v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2011 Ark. App. 82, at 5, 389 S.W.3d 627,
629 (citing Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-327(a)(1) (Repl. 2009)).
        5
            Id. (citing Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-325(h)(2)(B).
        6
            Id. (citing Seago v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2009 Ark. App. 767, 360 S.W.3d
733).
        7
            Id.
        8
            Id.


                                               4
                                  Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 350

to the adjudication; the juvenile is simply dependent-neglected. 9 The appellate court is not

to act as a “super factfinder,” substituting its own judgment or second guessing the credibility

determinations of the court; we reverse only in those cases where a definite mistake has

occurred. 10

        DHS must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that C.B.4 was dependent-

neglected. 11 A dependent-neglected juvenile includes one who is at substantial risk of serious

harm because of abuse, neglect, or parental unfitness to the juvenile or to a sibling. 12

“Neglect” means those acts or omissions of a parent that constitute, among other things, a

failure to appropriately supervise the juvenile that results in the juvenile’s being left alone in

inappropriate circumstances, creating a dangerous situation or a situation that puts the

juvenile at risk of harm. 13 The statutory definition of a neglected child does not require

proof of actual harm or impairment. 14 The term “substantial risk” speaks in terms of future


        9
         Johnson v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2012 Ark. App. 244, at 5, 413 S.W.3d 549,
552 (citing Albright v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 97 Ark. App. 277, 283, 248 S.W.3d 498,
502 (2007)).
        10
             Id. (citing K.C. v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2010 Ark. App. 353, 374 S.W.3d
884).
        11
       Hernandez v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2013 Ark. App. 424, at 3 (citing Ark.
Code Ann. § 9-27-325(h)(1) & (2)(B) (Supp. 2011)).
        12
          Callison v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2014 Ark. App. 592, at 4, 446 S.W.3d 210,
213 (citing Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-303(18)(A) (Supp. 2013)).
        13
          Samuels v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2016 Ark. App. 2, at 7, 479 S.W.3d 596,
600 (citing Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-303(36)(A)(vii)(b)).
        14
             Id. (citing Maynard v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2011 Ark. App. 82, 389 S.W.3d
627).


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                                  Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 350

harm. 15 Parental unfitness is not necessarily predicated upon the parent’s causing some direct

injury to the child in question. 16 Such a construction of the law would fly in the face of the

General Assembly’s expressed purpose of protecting dependent-neglected children and

making those children’s health and safety the juvenile code’s paramount concern. 17

       Appellants argue on appeal that there was insufficient evidence to support the circuit

court’s finding that C.B.4 was dependent-neglected. They specifically argue that the

insufficiency arises from the fact that C.B.4 was not at substantial risk of harm at the time of

adjudication and the fact that the potential for harm, according to the circuit court, came

from the contingency of appellants receiving custody of their three other children who were

in foster care at the time. DHS argues that the circuit court was “well within the scope of

the “’sibling adjudication’ element of the Juvenile Code” in adjudicating C.B.4 dependent-

neglected. We agree with DHS.

       In December 2013—sixteen months before DHS’s August 2015 petition—DHS had

investigated and substantiated reports of severe environmental neglect in the Beans’

household. DHS attempted, unsuccessfully, to resolve these environmental neglect issues

for nearly seven months. C.B.4’s three older siblings were removed from appellants and

placed into foster care on July 19, 2014. C.B.4 was born on May 19, 2015, ten months after

the removal of the three older siblings. The older siblings were still in foster care at the time


       15
            Id. (citing Harris v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2015 Ark. App. 508, 470 S.W.3d
31).
       16
            Brewer v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 71 Ark. App. 364, 43 S.W.3d 196, 199 (2001).
       17
            Id.


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                                Cite as 2016 Ark. App. 350

DHS filed the petition for dependency-neglect regarding C.B.4 on August 19, 2015. The

caseworker’s affidavit, which was attached to the dependency-neglect petition regarding

C.B.4, alleged that Jennifer “lied to the Department for several months by telling worker

she was not pregnant.” The affidavit also recounted that DHS’s difficulties with appellants

had persisted, noting for example, that appellants had received housing support under false

pretenses by failing to disclose to the support agency that their three children had been

removed from the home, and that Chris had stopped working shortly after the social services

agency began paying their bills. The caseworker also stated that visits were not going well

and that Jennifer was not holding the infant C.B.4’s head correctly. Also recounted in the

affidavit was the long history between DHS and appellants that involved multiple children

and environmental neglect, inadequate supervision, and medical neglect going back to

2003. 18

       An adjudication of dependency-neglect based on a prior adjudication of a sibling

should never be an automatic decision. Given the facts and evidence before it, we agree

with DHS that the circuit court had more than a preponderance of the evidence of a

substantial risk of serious harm to C.B.4. It is clear that its decision was not automatic.

Furthermore, while the court’s finding was based in part on the contingency of the return




       18
          Six other children had been removed from appellants’ care and were currently in
the care of their maternal grandparents. Appellants had not seen these six children in about
two years.


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of C.B.4’s three older siblings to appellants’ care, such a consideration does not constitute

error because substantial risk speaks in terms of future harm. 19

       We find that the circuit court did not clearly err in adjudicating C.B.4 dependent-

neglected.

       Affirmed.

       GLADWIN, C.J., and HOOFMAN, J., agree.

       Leah Lanford, Ark. Pub. Defender Comm’n, for appellants.

       Andrew Firth, Office of Chief Counsel, for appellee.

       Chrestman Group, PLLC, by: Keith L. Chrestman, attorney ad litem for minor
children.




       19
         See Goodwin v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2014 Ark. App. 599, at 3, 445 S.W.3d
547, 549.
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