                                                                            FILED
                           NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                             FEB 11 2020
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                       MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS


                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT


STEPHANIE PATTON;                                No. 18-56336
KENDRICK KNIGHTEN,
                                                 D.C. No.
              Plaintiffs-Appellants,             5:17-cv-00922-MWF-DTB


 v.                                              MEMORANDUM*

FOREST LABORATORIES, INC.;
RIVERSIDE COUNTY REGIONAL
MEDICAL CENTER; COUNTY OF
RIVERSIDE; ALLERGAN SALES, LLC;
ALLERGAN, INC.,

              Defendants-Appellees.


                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Central District of California
                  Michael W. Fitzgerald, District Judge, Presiding

                      Argued and Submitted January 23, 2020
                               Pasadena, California

Before: CLIFTON and LEE, Circuit Judges, and BLOCK,** District Judge.


      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The Honorable Frederic Block, United States District Judge for the
Eastern District of New York, sitting by designation.
       Plaintiffs-Appellants appeal the district court’s dismissal of their California

state common law and statutory claims against the manufacturers of Lexapro, an

antidepressant drug. We affirm.

       Dismissal under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) is proper when “the complaint

either (1) lacks a cognizable legal theory or (2) fails to allege sufficient facts to

support a cognizable legal theory.” Somers v. Apple, Inc., 729 F.3d 953, 959 (9th

Cir. 2013). “To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient

factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its

face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v.

Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). We review a dismissal pursuant to Rule

12(b)(6) de novo. See, e.g., Dougherty v. City of Covina, 654 F.3d 892, 897 (9th

Cir. 2011).

       First, the plaintiffs brought two counts of negligence. In both counts, they

allege that the defendants were negligent in marketing Lexapro to medical

providers, government agencies, and the public by failing to provide information

about the suicidality risks the drug poses when prescribed to adolescents. In

California, such negligence claims require the plaintiff to prove that a manufacturer

“did not warn of a particular risk for reasons that fell below the acceptable standard

of care.” Carlin v. Superior Court, 13 Cal. 4th 1104, 1106–07, 920 P.2d 1347


                                             2
(1996). Here, as mandated by federal law, the drug’s packaging contained clear

warning labels about a heightened risk of suicidality for adolescents. Thus, the

defendants did warn of the particular risk at issue, and the district court correctly

held that plaintiffs have not stated a claim for negligence.

       The plaintiffs also alleged that the defendants engaged in fraudulent business

practices under California’s Unfair Competition Law (UCL), Cal. Bus. & Prof.

Code § 17200, by disseminating false advertisements in newspapers and other

publications, as well as by making false public statements. Because the claim is

one of fraud, it is subject to Rule 9(b)’s requirement that the plaintiff “must state

with particularity the circumstances constituting fraud or mistake.” Fed. R. Civ. P.

9(b). See also Cooper v. Pickett, 137 F.3d 616, 627 (9th Cir. 1997) (stating that

parties must plead the “who, what, when, where, and how” of the fraud). The

Second Amended Complaint does not identify the misleading content of the

advertisements or public statements, allege when such statements were made or in

what publications, or offer reasons why the statements were fraudulent. The

district court correctly held plaintiffs’ UCL allegations are pled with inadequate

specificity.

       Lastly, the plaintiffs argue that the district court abused its discretion in

denying leave to amend the complaint. Although the Federal Rules of Civil


                                            3
Procedure provide that courts should “freely give leave” to amend “when justice so

requires,” Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a), courts may deny such leave when a party

evidences “repeated failure to cure deficiencies by amendments previously

allowed” and when further attempts to amend would be futile. Zucco Partners,

LLC v. Digimarc Corp., 552 F.3d 981, 1007 (9th Cir. 2009), as amended (Feb. 10,

2009). Here, the district court permitted plaintiffs to amend their complaint twice

and, in noting that the allegations in the Second Amended Complaint were

substantially similar to those the court had dismissed in the prior complaint,

concluded that further amendment would be futile. The district court did not abuse

its discretion in so ruling.

       AFFIRMED.




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