
 
 



NUMBER 13-05-273-CV


COURT OF APPEALS


THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS


CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG

 

SOUTHWESTERN BELL TELEPHONE, L.P.
D/B/A SBC TEXAS, AS SUCCESSOR IN
INTEREST TO SOUTHWESTERN BELL 
TELEPHONE CO., (SBC TEXAS),						Appellant,

v.


BALLENGER CONSTRUCTION COMPANY,			Appellee.


On appeal from the 275th District Court 

of Hidalgo County, Texas.

 

O P I N I O N


Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Rodriguez and Garza

Opinion by Justice Rodriguez


 This is an appeal from a summary judgment granted in a declaratory judgment
action.  By a single issue, SBC contends that the trial court erred in holding that it
must relocate its underground facilities that are the subject of a standard Texas
Department of Transportation (TxDOT) permit within 100-days' notice from TxDOT. 
We vacate the summary judgment and dismiss the appeal for want of jurisdiction.
I.  Background

	SBC has underground telecommunications facilities in the public rights-of-way
along Texas highways in the Rio Grande Valley.  See Tex. Util. Code Ann. § 181.082
(Vernon 2007) ("A telephone . . . corporation may install a facility of the corporation
along, on, or across a public road, a public street, or public water in a manner that
does not inconvenience the public in the use of the road, street, or water.").  Appellee,
Ballenger Construction Company, is a contractor for TxDOT on several highway
projects in South Texas, including the Rio Grande Valley.  SBC filed suit against
Ballenger for allegedly cutting or damaging its cables.  Ballenger counterclaimed
against SBC seeking, among other things, that the trial court declare that "as to those
telephone lines that are the subject of a standard TxDOT permit, pursuant to §
181.082, [SBC] must relocate its underground facilities that are installed on a
controlled access highway upon 30 days written notice by TXDOT."  After granting
Ballenger's motion for partial summary judgment on its declaratory judgment
counterclaim, the trial court denied SBC's motion to vacate the summary judgment and
motion for new trial and amended its summary judgment order to provide as follows:
	1)	Pursuant to § 251.004(a), Ballenger Construction Company, when
it is acting as contractor working in the public rights-of-way under
a contract with the Texas Department of Transportation, is exempt
from Chapter 251 of the Texas Utilities Code, and is therefore
exempt from the requirements of §251.151 of the Texas Utilities
Code to notify a notification center prior to excavation as provided
therein; and

	2)	The Court has considered the terms of Tex. Util. Code § 181.082,
the pleadings and the summary judgment evidence currently on file
herein and has determined that as to those Southwestern Bell
Telephone Company lines that are the subject of a standard Texas
Department of Transportation permit, Southwestern Bell Telephone
Company must relocate its underground facilities that are installed
on Texas controlled access highways upon one hundred (100)
days written notice by the Texas Department of Transportation,
and that the failure of Southwestern Bell Telephone Company to
do so violates the terms of Tex. Util. Code § 181.082 by causing
inconvenience to public use of such controlled access highways,
and this order does not violate Southwestern Bell Telephone
Company's access to such controlled access highways pursuant
to Tex. Util. Code § 181.082.
	On appeal, SBC does not complain of the order's first provision.  See id. at §
251.004(a) ("This chapter does not apply to a contractor working in the public right-of-way under a contract with the Texas Department of Transportation.").  SBC's sole
issue on appeal challenges the second provision-whether the trial court erred in
holding that SBC must relocate its underground facilities within 100-days' notice from
TxDOT.
II.  Standard of Review and Relevant Case Law

	Declaratory judgments are reviewed under the same standards as all other
judgments.  Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 37.010 (Vernon 1997); Ski River
Dev., Inc. v. McCalla, 167 S.W.3d 121, 133 (Tex. App.-Waco 2005, pet. denied);
In re Estate of Schiwetz, 102 S.W.3d 355, 365 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 2003, no
pet.).  The standards for review of a traditional summary judgment are well
established:  the movant must show there is no genuine issue of material fact and that
it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.  See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c);
Southwestern Elec. Power Co. v. Grant, 73 S.W.3d 211, 215 (Tex. 2002); Nixon v.
Mr. Prop. Mgmt. Co., 690 S.W.2d 546, 548 (Tex. 1985).  A summary judgment is
reviewed de novo because the propriety of summary judgment is a question of law. 
Natividad v. Alexis, Inc., 875 S.W.2d 695, 699 (Tex. 1994); Fiallos v. Pagan-Lewis
Motors, Inc., 147 S.W.3d 578, 582-83 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 2004, pet. denied).
	Under the Declaratory Judgments Act (the Act), the stated purpose is "to settle
and afford relief from uncertainty and insecurity with respect to rights, status, and
other legal relations." Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 37.002(b) (Vernon 1997). 
The Act allows a claimant to petition the court for a declaration regarding its rights
under a written agreement.  Id. § 37.004(a) (Vernon 1997).  "A declaratory judgment
requires a justiciable controversy as to the rights and status [and other legal relations]
of parties actually before the court for adjudication, and the declaration sought must
actually resolve the controversy."  Brooks v. Northglen Ass'n, 141 S.W.3d 158,
163-64 (Tex. 2004) (citing, e. g., The M.D. Anderson Cancer Ctr. v. Novak, 52 S.W.
3d 704, 708 (Tex. 2001); Tex. Workers' Comp. Comm'n v. Garcia, 893 S.W.2d 504,
517-18 (Tex. 1995)); see Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 37.002(b) (Vernon
1997).  "When declaratory relief is sought, all persons who have or claim any interest
that would be affected by the declaration must be made parties."  Tex. Civ. Prac. &
Rem. Code Ann. § 37.006(a) (Vernon 1997).  "A declaration does not prejudice the
rights of a person not a party to the proceeding."  See id. § 37.006(b) (Vernon 1997).
	"A judicial decision reached without a case or controversy is an advisory
opinion, which is barred by the separation of powers provision of the Texas
Constitution."  Brooks, 141 S.W.3d at 164 (citing Tex. Const. art. II, § 1; see Grant,
73 S.W. 3d at 223); Tex. Ass'n of Bus. v. Tex. Air Control Bd., 852 S.W.2d 440, 444
(Tex. 1993)).  A plaintiff has the burden to affirmatively demonstrate the trial court's
subject-matter jurisdiction over the case.  Tex. Ass'n of Bus., 852 S.W.2d at 446. 
Therefore, before addressing the merits of this appeal, we must first decide whether
the trial court had jurisdiction to declare the rights and other legal relations of a party
who was not before the court-whether there is a case or controversy.  See id. at
444-45 (providing that subject matter jurisdiction cannot be waived and may be raised
for the first time on appeal by the parties or by the court); N. Alamo Water Supply
Corp. v. Tex. Dep't of Health, 839 S.W.2d 455, 457 (Tex. App.-Austin 1992, writ
denied) (explaining that issue of court's jurisdiction presented a question of law).
III.  Jurisdiction

	In this case, Ballenger requested that the trial court declare that a permit
allegedly requested by SBC and allegedly issued by TxDOT controlled SBC's response
time for the relocation of its transmission lines. (1)  By its judgment, the trial court did,
in fact, determine that the permit controlled; because the permit controlled, section
203.0935 of the transportation code did not, as urged by SBC.  See Tex. Transp.
Code Ann. § 203.0935 (Vernon Supp. 2006).  TxDOT, the issuer of the alleged
permit, was not made a party to this action.  But TxDOT had an interest that would
be affected by this requested declaration since its legal relations had been declared in
this declaratory judgment action.  TxDOT, an entity having an interest that would be
affected by the declaration, must have been made a party.  See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem.
Code Ann. § 37.006(a) (Vernon 1997).  Without TxDOT, there was no case or
controversy regarding the language of the permit.  Additionally, because TxDOT was
not a party to the proceeding, the declaration would not prejudice TxDOT's rights.  See
id. § 37.006(b) (Vernon 1997).  While the declaration would purport to affect
TxDOT's rights, it could not actually affect TxDOT's rights because it was not a party. 
TxDOT would not be bound by the judgment.  Therefore, any opinion interpreting the
permit would be purely advisory.  Ballenger has not affirmatively demonstrated the trial
court's subject-matter jurisdiction over the case.  Based on the above, we conclude
the trial court was without jurisdiction to issue a judgment based on the language of
the permit.
	Because of our disposition of this appeal on jurisdiction grounds, we need not
address SBC's sole issue on the merits.  See Tex. R. App. P. 47.1.
IV.  Conclusion

	Accordingly, we vacate the summary judgment and dismiss the appeal for want
of jurisdiction.
 
								NELDA V. RODRIGUEZ
								Justice

Opinion delivered and filed 
this 12th day of July, 2007.
1. The TxDOT permit form identified by Ruben Dario Gonzalez, corporate representative for SBC,
was admitted as an exhibit at his deposition.  It contained the following relevant provisions:

	By signing below, I certify that I am authorized to represent the Firm listed below, and
that the Firm agrees to the conditions/provisions included in this permit.

	* * * * *

	It is expressly understood that the TxDOT does not purport, hereby, to grant any right,
claim, title, or easement in or upon this freeway; and it is further understood that the
TxDOT may require the owner to relocate this line, subject to provisions of governing
laws, by giving thirty-days written notice.

	Although the parties did not appear to dispute that such a permit or approval existed regarding
the location on the right-of-way of SBC's proposed telecommunication lines at issue in this case, only
a generic, unsigned sample permit that had not been completed was provided by Ballenger as evidence
supporting its motion for summary judgment.  Nowhere in the record did we find a copy of a completed
application or a signed permit referencing the utilities at issue in this case.
