                                  Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 366

                 ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
                                        DIVISION III
                                        No. CV-14-148


                                                   Opinion Delivered   June 4, 2014

JEFF FREEMAN                                       APPEAL FROM THE CRAIGHEAD
                                APPELLANT          COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
                                                   WESTERN DISTRICT
V.                                                 [NO. JV-2013-159]

                                                   HONORABLE BARBARA HALSEY,
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF                             JUDGE
HUMAN SERVICES and MINOR
CHILD                                              AFFIRMED; MOTION TO
                     APPELLEES                     WITHDRAW GRANTED



                             KENNETH S. HIXSON, Judge


       Appellant Jeff Freeman appeals the November 2013 order of the Craighead County

Circuit Court terminating his parental rights to his one-year-old son TF, born in November

2012. Freeman’s attorney has filed a no-merit appeal based on Linker-Flores v. Arkansas

Department of Human Services, 359 Ark. 131, 194 S.W.3d 739 (2004) and Ark. Sup. Ct. R. 6-9

(2013), asserting that there is no issue of arguable merit to an appeal of this termination order.

The attorney also filed a motion seeking permission to be relieved as counsel.

       Appellant’s attorney filed a brief that includes a discussion of the sufficiency of the

evidence to support termination of appellant’s parental rights as well as a discussion of adverse

rulings and why there could be no meritorious argument raised on appeal. The clerk of our

court provided notice by mail to Freeman of his attorney’s motion and brief at his last known
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address in Jonesboro, informing him of his opportunity to file pro se points for reversal for our

consideration. This attempted notification was returned as “undeliverable” by the postal

service. Freeman did not file any such points for our consideration. Neither the Department

of Human Services nor the child’s attorney ad litem filed a brief with our court. After

carefully examining the record and the no-merit brief, we hold that appellant’s counsel has

complied with the requirements for no-merit parental-rights-termination appeals and that the

appeal is wholly without merit. Green v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2012 Ark. App. 684, __

S.W.3d __. Accordingly, we affirm the termination order and grant counsel’s motion to be

relieved. Id.

       Appellant and the child’s biological mother, Amber Hellums, were not married.1

Appellant resided with Hellums in Jonesboro until mid-December 2012, shortly after their

son’s premature birth at thirty-three weeks. Medical testing at TF’s birth showed that he was

exposed to marijuana during gestation, and he was admitted to the neonatal intensive-care

unit at UAMS due to respiratory distress. TF was not taken into custody at birth. Instead,

a protective-services case was opened by DHS.2

       A physical altercation between the two parents in December 2012 necessitated that

appellant acquire his own residence, which he did in January 2013, although he remained in

Jonesboro. The mother, who had legal custody of TF, left the baby with appellant beginning



       1
        According to appellant, he was still married to another woman, who was the mother
of three of his older children.
       2
        The mother’s parental rights were also terminated as to TF, but she does not appeal.

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in February 2013. DHS maintained contact and determined that appellant and the mother

had not ensured that TF was receiving immunizations or having appropriate follow-up

medical care.

       DHS took emergency custody of TF in April 2013, and TF was adjudicated

dependent-neglected in May 2013. The parents were ordered to cooperate with DHS,

remain drug free, provide proof of any currently prescribed medications, maintain stable and

appropriate housing for their son, maintain stable employment to support their son, submit

to a drug-and-alcohol assessment if a parent tested positive for drugs, attend parenting classes,

and watch “The Clock is Ticking” video, among other things. Appellant was specifically

ordered to resolve all his criminal issues and to submit to a drug-and-alcohol assessment and

follow recommendations.

       As a consequence of many positive drug screens, appellant was ordered to submit to

a hair-follicle test and a drug-and-alcohol assessment, which he did not do. Appellant’s visits

with his son were halted in June 2013 after he continued to test positive for illegal drugs, and

he did not take the steps to address those drug problems in order to have his visitation

reinstated. Notably, at one visit, appellant fell asleep and was seen slumped over the child.

       A September 2013 report to the court informed the trial judge that appellant did

attend some parenting classes and watched “The Clock is Ticking” video, as well as visit

with his son in the beginning, but appellant did not remain drug free. This remained the

overriding problem throughout this case. He tested positive for benzodiazepines, for which

he failed to provide legitimate prescriptions, and he repeatedly tested positive for cocaine,


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methamphetamine, and marijuana. Appellant’s residence was admittedly unsuitable for a small

child because it was in a state of disrepair. There were construction materials and power tools

on the floor; there was construction material strewn about the exterior of the residence; there

were dirty dishes in the sink, debris scattered through the home, and ashtrays full of cigarettes.

       Neither parent appeared at an October 2013 review hearing. Appellant later claimed

that he did not know about this hearing, although his address had not changed. In the order

that followed that hearing, appellant was noted to have failed to remain drug free, failed to

maintain a safe home, failed to maintain stable employment, failed to submit to assessments

scheduled for him or to take advantage of referrals for inpatient treatment, and had been

arrested during the pendency of the case.

       DHS filed a petition to terminate appellant’s parental rights to TF in October 2013,

alleging two grounds, abandonment pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated section 9-27-

341(b)(3)(B)(iv), and “other factors or issues” pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated section

9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(vii)(a). The petition asserted specifically that appellant had not maintained

contact with DHS, had not visited with TF, had not attended drug-and-alcohol assessments

or a hair-follicle testing, had not resolved all criminal matters, and had not remained drug free.

       At the termination hearing conducted in November 2013, testimony from DHS family

service worker Amanda Thompson established that TF was doing very well in his foster-home

placement, the foster family was “very interested in adoption” and had given a letter of intent

to adopt TF, he was on target developmentally for his age, and he was “a very adoptable

child.” She said that follow up medical appointments and tests were being handled by the


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foster parents. Thompson verified that appellant had been incarcerated at times during

the case, and he was noncompliant with drug-and-alcohol and hair-follicle assessment

appointments after consistently testing positive for drugs over the course of this case. She

listed the drug tests as positive for methamphetamine, the active metabolite of marijuana,

cocaine, and benzodiazepines. She stated that appellant expressed interest in inpatient

rehabilitation, but he never followed through with DHS’s referrals until the day prior to the

termination hearing. She added that appellant’s residence remained hazardous and not suitable

for a child.

       Appellant testified that he was not in disagreement with Thompson’s testimony, with

one exception. He said he provided proof of a prescription for “benzos” to a prior case

worker. Appellant, a man in his mid-thirties, agreed that he had struggled with drug issues

over the years. He claimed to have entered a six-week inpatient drug-treatment program

the day prior to the termination hearing, offering a letter from that treatment center into

evidence. Appellant said he worked as a contract laborer for a construction company and that

his work schedule varied week to week, but he felt capable of paying off his criminal fines.

       He explained that he experienced a problem with cocaine and that he used

methamphetamine around the time he and TF’s mother were in a confrontation in December

2012. Appellant was arrested for being a felon in possession of a firearm and was accused

of battery against the mother. He agreed he had “been in jail a few times” during 2013, but

he could not remember how many times. He thought it was “five or less.” Appellant




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admittedly used methamphetamine three days prior to the termination hearing, before he

entered rehabilitation.

       Appellant agreed that the mother of his three older children had halted his visitation.

Appellant claimed that if he had his children, he could kick his drug addiction. He also said

that when he exited rehabilitation, he would find a new place to live that was better for

himself and his children.

       The attorney ad litem recommended termination of appellant’s parental rights, noting

that appellant had not visited his son since June 2013 due to persistent positive drug screens

and his failure to address his drug problems. The attorney ad litem stated that appellant’s

inpatient treatment started only one day prior to this hearing and was too late to avoid

termination. Appellant’s attorney offered no closing argument.

       The trial court ruled from the bench, terminating appellant’s parental rights, and a

subsequent formal order memorialized those findings. The trial court specifically found that

DHS proved by clear and convincing evidence that it was in TF’s best interest to terminate

parental rights, taking into consideration the likelihood that TF would be adopted and the

potential harm to his health and safety if returned to appellant, and further that DHS had

proved both the grounds it asserted against appellant. This appeal followed.

       We review termination of parental rights cases de novo. Dinkins v. Ark. Dep’t of

Human Servs., 344 Ark. 207, 40 S.W.3d 286 (2001). At least one statutory ground must exist,

in addition to a finding that it is in the child’s best interest to terminate parental rights; these

must be proved by clear and convincing evidence. M.T. v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 58


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Ark. App. 302, 952 S.W.2d 177 (1997). Clear and convincing evidence is that degree of

proof that will produce in the fact finder a firm conviction as to the allegation sought to

be established. Anderson v. Douglas, 310 Ark. 633, 839 S.W.2d 196 (1992). The appellate

inquiry is whether the trial court’s finding that the disputed fact was proved by clear and

convincing evidence is clearly erroneous. J.T. v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 329 Ark. 243,

947 S.W.2d 761 (1997). Credibility determinations are left to the fact finder, here the trial

court. Moiser v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 95 Ark. App. 32, 233 S.W.3d 172 (2006).

       The purpose of the Juvenile Code is to provide permanency and stability in a child’s

life when it is not possible to return the child to the parent in a reasonable period of time, as

viewed from the child’s perspective. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(a)(3). Even full compliance

with the case plan is not determinative; the issue is whether the parent has become a stable,

safe parent able to care for his child. Cole v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2012 Ark. App. 203,

394 S.W.3d 318; Tucker v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2011 Ark. App. 430, 389 S.W.3d 1.

A parent’s continuing drug use is evidence of potential harm to a child, and when the drug

use goes unremedied by the parent, it can support termination of parental rights. Long v. Ark.

Dep’t of Human Servs., 369 Ark. 74, 250 S.W.3d 560 (2007); Allen v. Ark. Dep’t of Human

Servs., 2011 Ark. App. 288, 384 S.W.3d 7. A parent’s past behavior is often a good indicator

of future behavior. Stephens v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2013 Ark. App. 249,         S.W.3d

 . When presented as a no-merit appeal, our court must examine the findings to support the

termination and any adverse rulings to determine whether an appeal would be wholly

frivolous.


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       Appellant’s attorney has provided our court with a compliant no-merit termination-of-

parental-rights brief, and the attorney sufficiently explains why an appeal would be wholly

without merit. Our examination of the record and brief satisfies us that an appeal of this

termination case would be wholly without merit.

       Affirmed; motion to withdraw granted.

       PITTMAN and WOOD, JJ., agree.

       Suzanne Ritter Lumpkin, Arkansas Public Defender Commission, for appellant.

       No response.




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