AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed July 7, 2014.




                                            In The
                                   Quurt of :ppixtts
                         1fiftI1 ijistrirt of ücxas at aIbs
                                     No. 05-13-01008-CV

                 IN THE ESTATE OF JOSEPH T. MAREK II, DECEASED

                           On Appeal from the Probate Court No. 3
                                    Dallas County, Texas
                             Trial Court Cause No. PR-l1-304-3

                              MEMORANDUM OPINION
                             Before Justices Lang, Myers. and Brown
                                    Opinion by Justice Brown
         After Joseph T. Marek 11 died intestate, his sister, Patricia Diane Barreld, filed an

application to declare heirship identifying herself and another brother as the decedent’s only

heirs.   Debora Anderson intervened, claiming that she and Marek had an informal marriage.

After a trial before the court, the trial court determined that Anderson was Marek’s surviving

spouse and awarded her a share of Marek’s property. In two issues on appeal, Barfield contends

the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to prove two of the three elements of an

informal marriage. Specifically, she contends the evidence is insufficient to show Marek and

Anderson represented to others they were married and had an agreement to be married. We

affirm the trial court’s judgment.

         Marek was admitted to Doctors Hospital in Dallas on December 13, 2010 and died there

the following day.    He did not have a will.   In her application to declare heirship, Barfleld

claimed that she and her other brother, Michael Marek, were Marek’s only heirs and that they
were each entitled to a 50% share of the decedent’s property. Anderson intervened, asserting

that she and Marek had an informal marriage and seeking to be declared an heir. The trial court

appointed an attorney ad litem to represent the unknown heirs of Marek.         In the ad litem’s

opinion, the application to declare heirship correctly listed Marek’s heirs as well as their

respective shares of the decedenCs property. The ad litem determined Anderson was not married

to Marek because they did not represent to others they were married.

       The case was tried before the court. Danny Barfield. Barfield’s husband and an attorney,

testified he had known the decedent since about 1965.      Danny testified that Marek had been

married to a woman named Mitsy. and they divorced in the l980s. According to Danny, after

the divorce, the decedent never remarried. Danny saw Marek four to six times a year, and they

talked on the phone about that often as well. Sometime between 2006 and 2008, Marek called

Danny to ask about charges Anderson had made on Marek’s credit card. Danny told Marek that

if he was married to Anderson, he was responsible for any essentials she charged. Marek told

Danny he was not married to Anderson. Danny testified that neither Marek nor Anderson ever

held themselves out as being husband and wife. Danny never heard either of them tell anyone

else they were married. Danny did observe that Anderson appeared to be living with Marek at

his house.

       Danny admitted he was not very close to Marek. He testified in his deposition that he

had “very seldom” hung out with the decedent and his friends and not in the last fifteen or twenty

years. Danny had no personal knowledge of the relationship between Anderson and Marek, only

what Marek told him. Danny had never had a conversation with Anderson while Marek was

living, and he had only seen her three times. He did not think Anderson was good for Marek.

        Dennis Koustambardis testified that he had known the Marek family for many years. He

spoke with Marek at a funeral and Marek told him that, after Mitsy, he was not going to get

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married again. Marek never told Koustambardis he was married to Anderson. Koustambardis

had never met Anderson and did not see Marek often during the last ten years of Marek’s life.

He had no personal knowledge about the relationship between Marek and Anderson.

       Patricia Diane Barfield testified she met Anderson at a family reunion in 2003 or 2004.

Marek introduced Anderson to Barfield, but did not refer to her as his wife. She saw Anderson

only two more times after that. Neither Marek nor Anderson ever represented to Barfield that

they were husband and wife. Barfield said her brother changed after he met Anderson. and she

did not think the changes were positive. In the last three years of Marek’s life, Barfield had only

five or six conversations with him.

       On the day before Marek died, Barfield received a phone call from Anderson’s daughter

informing her that her brother was in the hospital. Barfield spoke on the phone with a doctor and

was informed Marek was in very serious condition. The doctor told Barfield that Marek’s wife

was making medical decisions for him. Barfield told the doctor her brother did not have a wife.

Barfield came to Dallas that night to visit Marek in the ICU. Marek was unable to respond to

Barfield. Barfield and her husband left the hospital at some point to go to the police. Danny

Barheld talked about Anderson with the police.

        Michael Marek, Marek’s younger brother, testified that in the last few years, his

relationship with his brother had become a little strained and they didn’t see each other as much

as they had previously.     They still talked on the phone periodically and saw each other

periodically.   Michael went to Marek’s house three or four times a year.        Marek never told

Michael he was married to Anderson      .   Michael met Anderson on several occasions, and she

never represented that she was married to Marek.

        Debora Anderson testified that she had lived in Mareks house since 2000, except for a

time From November 2003 to March 2004 when she and Marek were separated. When asked


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how she and Marek agreed to be married, Anderson stated, “It was after our brief separation

from November to March, and I came back from a game room with him to the house and he

asked me, ‘Are you here for good, Babe?’ And I said, ‘Yes.” She further stated that she and

Marek had both been married before and “ould be each other’s husband and wife without

having a formal wedding.” Anderson testified she and Marek included one another in decision

making most of the time. Anderson was not employed between 2004 and the time of Marek’s

death. Marek supported her financially, and she took care of the house. Anderson and Marek

were “home bodies” and rarely went out.                  They did go to game rooms, which Anderson

described as places where illegal gambling occurred. Marek would bring Anderson in to the

game rooms and say, “This is my wife,” or “This is Debora.” Anderson never stated to her

family members that she was Marek’s wife or that he was her husband because “there was no

need for that.” Also, she admitted she never told Marek’s family that they were married, but

explained that none of them ever asked. Anderson never denied to anyone at the hospital that

she was Marek’s wife.          Anderson remembered referring to herself as “Mrs. Marek” when

Wilson’s Heating and Air Conditioning came out to work at their house.

        When the attorneys for both sides finished questioning Anderson, the trial court asked her

if there was anyone from the game room who could testify she had told them she was Marek’s

wife. Anderson said, “No, sir.” She explained, “Sir, these game rooms, they don’t last, people

don’t last in it. So there’s   -   -   they change all the time.”

        Renee’ Anderson, Anderson’s daughter, testified that she met Marek in 2000 and that her

mother had lived in the same house in Dallas with Marek since then. Renee’ visited their house

“quite often,” which she described as “[m]ostly every week.” She also lived with them for two

years. She testified that she understood her mother and Marek were married because Marek once




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told her when he was doing his taxes that he was “tiling as married.” Renee’ never saw Marek

interact with his brother or sister.

        Jerome Figurelli testified by deposition that he thought he was Marek’s best friend. He

spent a great deal of time at Marek’s house with Marek and Anderson. Figurelli testiHed Marek

and Anderson behaved as husband and wife.          Marek never used the word “wife” to refer to

Anderson in Figurelli’s presence. Nor did he ever hear Anderson refer to Marek as her husband.

Figurelli testitied that Marek did refer to Anderson as his “ole’ lady.” Figurelli felt sure that they

became husband and wife because “everything they did was with each other in mind.” He talked

about the things they did for each other, like cooking, shopping, and laundry, and described it as

“everything married couples do for each other.”

        The parties introduced various documents into evidence at trial. Anderson’s exhibits one

through six were Internal Revenue Service records indicating that, for the years 2004-2009,

Marek and Anderson were spouses and their tax tiling status was “married filing jointly.”

Another of Anderson’s exhibits was a business record from GEICO indicating Anderson was

listed as Marek’s spouse and as an additional driver on an automobile insurance policy issued by

GEICO. The policy was in etTect from November 3, 2007 to June 1,2011.

        Anderson also presented as evidence three hospital forms she signed. When Marek was

admitted to the hospital for treatment, Anderson signed a consent form. The form had a space to

indicate her relationship to the patient, but she left it blank. She also signed a form about the

conditions of service and a patient signature form.

        Four exhibits were offered into evidence by both sides. Baruield presented the same three

hospital documents as appellant. And both sides offered a handwritten note written by Michael

Marek at the hospital stating, “Renee Anderson and Debora Anderson are not related to Joseph

T. Marek II and cannot receive any information or make any decision concerning my brother


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Joseph T. Marek 11.” The note is signed and dated the day after Marek’s death and also included

a photocopy of Michael’s driver’s license.

          In addition, Barfield’s exhibit six is handwritten progress notes from Doctors Hospital.

On December 14, 2010, the notes include the following entry by the doctor, “Guarded prognosis

-    [spoke to girlfriend (states not his wile) and brotherl.” The bracketed portion is specifically

labelled as a “late entry” made on December 15. the day after Marek’s death. At trial, Danny

Barfield testified that the doctor had told him Anderson stated she was not Marek’s wife. Danny

admitted in his deposition that he wanted to make sure there was an entry in the hospital records

to reflect that Anderson was not Marek’s spouse.              Danny was not present during any

conversations the doctor had with Anderson.           Barfield also introduced a checking account

statement in the name of “Joseph Marek II.” And she presented Anderson’s discovery responses

in which she admitted she never told several named individuals, including Barreld, Barfield’s

husband, and Michael Marek, she was married to Marek.

           The trial court determined that Anderson was Marek’s surviving spouse.          The court

awarded her 50% of Marek’s real property and 100% of his personal property.                The court

awarded Marek’s brother and sister each 25% of the real property. In its findings of fact, the trial

court found that Marek and Anderson entered into an agreement to be married and were married

by June 2004.          The court further found that after their agreement to be married, they lived

    together in Texas as husband and wile and represented to others that they were married. This

    appeal followed.

           In her first issue. Barfield contends the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to

    support the court’s finding that Marek and Anderson represented to others that they were

    married. To prove the existence of an informal marriage in Texas, one must show three things:

    I) the parties agreed to be married. 2) after the agreement they lived together in Texas as


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husband and wife, and 3) they represented to others that they were married. TEx. FAM. CODE

ANN. § 2.40 l(a)(2) (West 2006); Smith v. Deneve, 285 S.W.3d 904, 909 (Tex. App.—Dailas

2009, no pet.); Lewis v. Anderson, 173 S.W.3d 556. 559 (Tex. App.—DalIas 2005, pet, denied).

Spoken words are not necessary to establish representation as husband and wife.            Winficid v.

Renfm, 821 S.W.2d 640, 648 (Tex. App—Houston [1st Dist.j 1991, writ denied). “Holding

out” may be established by the parties’ conduct and actions. Id. The element of “holding out”

requires more than occasional references to each other as husband and wife. Smith, 285 S.W.3d

at 910.

          In an appeal from a bench trial, the trial court’s findings of fact have the same weight as a

jury verdict. Prhwipcd LU his. Co. v. Rem/en Dcv., LLC, 358 S.W.3d 451, 454 (Tex. App.—

Dallas 2012, pet, denied).        Therefore, we review a trial court’s finding under the same

sufficiency standards we use when determining if sufficient evidence exists to support an answer

to a jury question.     Id.   In reviewing the legal sufficiency of the evidence, we consider the

evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, disregarding all contrary evidence a

reasonable factfinder could have reasonably disbelieved. Id. In reviewing a factual sufficiency

challenge, we consider and weigh all of the evidence in support of and contrary to the finding

and will set aside the verdict only if it is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence

as to be clearly wrong and unjust. Cain v. Bain. 709 S.W.2d 175. 176 (Tex. 1986) (per curiam).

          Anderson testified that she and Marek didn’t go many places or meet many new people,

but Marek would introduce her as his wife in the game rooms they went to together. Anderson

identified herself as “Mrs. Marek” when a repair company came out to work at their house. IRS

records indicated that, for the years 2004-2009. Marek and Anderson were spouses and tiled

joint tax returns. Marek’s automobile insurance policy, in effect at the time of his death, listed

Anderson as his spouse. Further, Marek’s best friend understood that Marek and Anderson were


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married based on their conduct and actions. Based on this evidence, we conclude the evidence is

legally sufficient to support the court’s finding that Marek and Anderson represented to others

they were married.

       Turning to the contrary evidence, Marek’s two siblings, as well as his brother-in-law and

a family friend, all testified that Marek and Anderson never represented that they were husband

and wife. Danny Barfield testified that Marek told him over the phone sometime between 2006

and 2008 that he was not married to Anderson. The trial court, as judge of the credibility of the

witnesses, was free to discredit this evidence, especially since these witnesses were not close

with the decedent in the last years of his life and had little, if any, personal knowledge of the

nature of the relationship.

        Barfield relies heavily in her brief on evidence that right before Marek’s death, Anderson

denied to Marek’s doctor that she was his wife. While the hospital records include a note by the

doctor added after Marek’s death indicating that Anderson stated she was not Marek’s wife, this

evidence is not conclusive. Anderson testified she did not deny to anyone at the hospital that she

was Marek’s wife. Barfield had a phone conversation with the doctor in which he referred to

Anderson as Marek’s wife, suggesting Anderson made such a representation to him. Further,

there was evidence that Danny Barheld wanted the hospital records to show Anderson was not

Marek’s wife Although the record is not entirely clear on this issue, the record suggests Danny

Barfield, or his wife or brother-in-law, took some action to bring about doctor’s late entry.

Again, the trial court was free to resolve any conflicts in the evidence in favor of Anderson. We

conclude the evidence is factually sufficient to support the court’s finding that Marek and

Anderson represented to others they were married. Appellant’s first issue is without merit.

        In her second issue, Barfield contends the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to

support the court’s finding that Marek and Anderson had an agreement to be married.              To


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establish an agreement to be married, the evidence must show the parties intended to have a

present, immediate, and permanent marital relationship and that they did in fact agree to be

husband and wife. Small v. MeMaster, 352 S.W.3d 280, 283 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]

2011, pet. denied); Win/leld, 821 S.W.2d at 645. Direct evidence of an agreement to be married

is not required; the agreement may he proved by circumstantial evidence. Russell v. Russell, 865

S.W.2d 929, 933 (Tex. 1993). Proof of cohabitation and representations to others that the couple

is married may constitute circumstantial evidence of an agreement to be married. Id.

       When asked how she and Marek agreed to be married, nderson stated, 1t was after our

brief separation from November to March, and I came back from a game room with him to the

house and he asked me. ‘Are you here for good, Babel And I said. Yes.’” Barfield asserts this

is the only evidence of the couple’s agreement to be married and that it is not specific enough to

show anything more than an agreement to cohabitate. While this statement alone is insufficient

as direct evidence of the couple’s agreement to be married, direct evidence of an agreement to be

married was not required. The circumstantial evidence showed the couple’s agreement to be

married. The statement above reflects the parties’ intent to have a permanent relationship. It is

undisputed they lived together for ten years, with one short separation. The testimony from

Anderson and Figurelli, who saw’ the couple often and described himself as Marek’s best fl-lend,

showed that Anderson and Marek behaved as husband and wife. And, as discussed in issue one.

there was evidence they represented to others, including the IRS for six years. that they were

married. We conclude the evidence is legally sufficient to support the court’s finding that Marek

and Anderson agreed to be married. Further, after considering Barfield’s evidence disputing that

the couple was married, we cannot conclude the trial court’s finding of an agreement to he

married was contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence. Appellant’s second issue is

without merit.
      We affirm the trial court’s judgment.




                                                 /Ada Brown!
                                                 ADA BROWN
                                                 JUSTICE

13 1008F.P05




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                                 Ginurt of i\ppca[s
                        lFiftl! District of exas at Dallas
                                       JUDGMENT

IN THE ESTATE OF JOSEPH T. MAREK                      On Appeal from the Probate Court No. 3,
II, DECEASED                                          Dallas County, Texas
                                                      Trial Court Cause No. PR-I 1-304-3.
No. 05-I3-01008-CV                                    Opinion delivered by Justice Brown.
                                                      Justices Lang and Myers participating.

     In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED.

       It is ORDERED that Debora Anderson recover her costs of this appeal from Patricia
Diane Barfield.


Judgment entered this 7th day of July, 2014.




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