                        NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
                To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1



                United States Court of Appeals
                                For the Seventh Circuit
                                Chicago, Illinois 60604

                               Argued November 17, 2015
                               Decided December 10, 2015

                                        Before

                           JOEL M. FLAUM, Circuit Judge

                           FRANK H. EASTERBROOK, Circuit Judge

                           DAVID F. HAMILTON, Circuit Judge

No. 15-1825

TODD L. MICHALEC,                            Appeal from the United States District
    Plaintiff-Appellant,                     Court for the Central District of Illinois.

      v.                                     No. 14-1005

CAROLYN W. COLVIN,                       Joe Billy McDade,
Acting Commissioner of Social Security,  Judge.
      Defendant-Appellee.
                                      ORDER

       Todd Michalec was denied disability insurance benefits after claiming that severe
osteoarthritis, cervical spine degeneration, and other ailments left him incapable of
working. An administrative law judge found that Michalec still had the residual
functional capacity to perform sedentary work during the insured period. On judicial
review, Michalec argues that the ALJ overlooked critical evidence and made a patently
erroneous credibility assessment. We disagree. Substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s
decision, so we affirm.

       When he was 45 years old, Michalec applied for benefits. He claimed an onset date
in June 2007 and a last-insured date in December 2010. He said he was disabled due to
severe degenerative osteoarthritis of the cervical spine and a previous lumbar
No. 15-1825                                                                        Page 2

laminectomy. 1 Before his onset date, Michalec had worked for a decade as a youth
supervisor counselor at a juvenile detention facility and then for four years as a part-time
sales clerk. According to Michalec, he last worked in 2005, when his employer went out of
business.

       After two trips to the emergency room for worsening neck and back pain in May 2007,
Michalec sought treatment from a rehabilitation specialist, Dr. Omprakash Sureka.
Dr. Sureka noted Michalec’s complaints about numbness and tingling of both hands,
weakness in the right arm, limited range of motion of the spine and shoulders, and pain
radiating from the neck and upper back into the shoulders and upper arms. According to
Dr. Sureka, follow-up x-rays showed “severe osteoarthritis involving the shoulder” and
“mild multi level degenerative end plate irregularity” of the cervical spine, with a slight
displacement of vertebrae at the C3-C4 level and some narrowing of the vertebrae at the
C3-C4 and C4-C5 levels. Dr. Sureka prescribed physical therapy and kept Michalec on his
existing pain medications, including Vicodin and a fentanyl patch. For the next year,
Michalec was treated primarily by his general-care provider for pain, depression, venous
insufficiency,2 and other conditions.

       At one appointment in August 2008, Dr. Sureka observed that Michalec was
experiencing headaches, severe neck and shoulder pain, diminished sensation in two
fingers, limited range of motion in his spine and shoulders, normal muscle strength,
normal reflexes, and moderate muscle spasms around his spine. Although Dr. Sureka
prescribed more physical therapy, he declined Michalec’s request for more pain
medication.

      Around this time, Michalec began telling his treating physicians that he was
working as a personal trainer, a fact that would prove critical to the ALJ’s later adverse

      1  Laminectomy is surgery that creates space by removing the lamina—the back
part of the vertebra that covers the spinal canal. Also known as decompression surgery,
laminectomy enlarges the spinal canal to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves.
Laminectomy, MAYO CLINIC, www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ laminectomy/basics/
definition/prc-20009521 (visited Nov. 19, 2015).

      2 Venous insufficiency is a problem with the flow of blood from the veins of the
legs back to the heart. Venous Insufficiency, WEBMD, www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/
venous-insufficiency-topic-overview (visited Nov. 19, 2015). It can cause swelling and
discoloration of the feet and ankles. See id.
No. 15-1825                                                                       Page 3

credibility finding. Michalec initially told Dr. Sureka in May 2007 that he was unemployed,
but he updated the doctor in 2008 and 2009 that he was working as a personal trainer at
Fitness America. (In 2010, Michalec also told his general practitioner, Dr. Michael
Whitford, that he was a self-employed sports trainer.)

      In August 2009, Dr. Brent Johnson, an orthopedic surgeon, recommended that
Michalec undergo replacement surgery on both shoulders. He cautioned Michalec,
however, that he could not “continue to be active and do significant weightlifting with
shoulder replacements.” Michalec opted for corticosteroid injections instead of surgery.

       In connection with Michalec’s application for benefits, an agency physician,
Dr. Richard Smith, filled out a Physical Residual Functional Capacity Assessment for
Michalec and opined that Michalec could lift ten pounds frequently, sit or stand for six
hours out of an eight-hour workday, and reach for no more than one-third of the
workday.

       The Social Security Administration denied Michalec’s application initially and
again on reconsideration. In July 2012, Michalec appeared before an ALJ along with a
non-attorney representative and testified about his work history and physical limitations,
including that he had not worked since June 2007, his alleged onset date. The ALJ asked
him to explain why he told two different doctors that he had been working as a personal
trainer. Michalec denied ever having worked as a personal trainer. He said that he had
lied to his doctors because of the embarrassment he felt about being unemployed.
Michalec also asserted that his physical limitations had worsened since he had applied for
benefits. He did not, however, address his limitations during the insured period.

       A vocational expert also testified at the hearing about the work Michalec could
do. The ALJ asked the expert to consider hypothetical limitations for routine, sedentary
work not requiring climbing or hazardous conditions, involving no more than
occasional reaching to shoulder level and no more than frequent fine manual
manipulation. The expert opined that such an individual would not be able to perform
Michalec’s past relevant work but would be able to work as an addressing clerk, optical
assembler, or circuit-board assembler. The expert clarified that these jobs would, to
varying degrees, accommodate a need to alternate between sitting and standing.

      The ALJ concluded that Michalec had not been disabled during the insured period.
Applying the required five-step analysis, see 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4), the ALJ
determined that during the relevant 2007–2010 period: (Step 1) Michalec had not engaged
No. 15-1825                                                                          Page 4

in substantial gainful activity; (Step 2) his osteoarthritis of the knees and shoulders,
history of knee and lumbar surgeries, cervical spine degeneration, venous insufficiency,
and obesity were severe impairments; (Step 3) none of those impairments equaled a listed
impairment leading to an automatic finding of disability; (Step 4) he had the residual
functional capacity to perform sedentary work, provided that it did not require him to
perform constant fine manipulations or to reach to shoulder level more than occasionally;
and (Step 5) he was capable of performing either his past relevant work as a correctional
treatment specialist or the sedentary jobs identified by the vocational expert. In reaching
this conclusion, the ALJ explained that she questioned Michalec’s credibility, particularly
with regard to his explanation for supposedly lying to his doctors about working as a
personal trainer. She also noted that no treating physician had assessed Michalec as being
“unable to perform most work activities of sedentary duty work during the period of time
under consideration.” The Appeals Council denied Michalec’s request for review. The
district court upheld the ALJ’s decision.

        On appeal, Michalec asserts that the ALJ’s decision is so “poorly articulated as to
prevent meaningful appellate review” because the ALJ did not discuss his depression,
chronic tension headaches, or an orthopedic specialist’s opinion that he needed
replacement surgery on both shoulders. As the Commissioner points out, Michalec
forfeited this argument by failing to present it to the district court. See Schomas v. Colvin,
732 F.3d 702, 708 (7th Cir. 2013). In any event, Michalec does not attribute to these
impairments any specific functional limitations that he believes the ALJ should have
considered in formulating the residual functional capacity finding.

        Michalec next argues that the ALJ should have included in her residual functional
capacity analysis additional physical limitations based on his knee problems and venous
insufficiency. Michalec forfeited these arguments, as well, by failing to raise them in the
district court. See Schomas, 732 F.3d at 708. He also failed to cross-examine the vocational
expert about these limitations. See Barrett v. Barnhart, 355 F.3d 1065, 1067 (7th Cir. 2004).
Michalec has not explained why his knee problems—including arthritis, a torn meniscus,
and a torn ACL—would limit his ability to perform even sedentary work. Michalec
suggests that the ALJ should have incorporated into her residual functional capacity
analysis a doctor’s recommendation that he elevate his legs higher than his heart for
twenty minutes four times per day. That recommendation came two weeks after
Michalec’s disability insurance expired, so it is irrelevant for present purposes.
See Shideler v. Astrue, 688 F.3d 306, 311 (7th Cir. 2012). Michalec cites no evidence showing
that his venous insufficiency posed any functional limitation during the relevant time
period.
No. 15-1825                                                                       Page 5


       We turn to arguments that have not been forfeited. Michalec faults the ALJ for not
addressing medical evidence that he says undermines her conclusion that he could
occasionally reach to shoulder level and frequently perform “fine manipulations” with
both hands. Michalec says the ALJ should have considered a 2009 MRI showing cervical
disc protrusions and moderate nerve cord compression and x-rays showing severe
osteoarthritis of the shoulders. In formulating Michalec’s residual functional capacity,
however, the ALJ relied on Dr. Smith’s report, which relied on the MRI and x-ray results,
to support his conclusion that Michalec’s exertional limitations were modest. As the ALJ
noted, none of Michalec’s treating physicians offered contrary opinions about his ability
to perform most of the activities of sedentary work. See Filus v. Astrue, 694 F.3d 863, 867
(7th Cir. 2012) (ALJ did not err in relying upon uncontradicted opinions from reviewing
physicians). The only evidence contradicting Dr. Smith’s opinion about Michalec’s
exertional limitations was his own subjective testimony, which the ALJ discredited based
on Michalec’s credibility problems.

       Finally, Michalec challenges the ALJ’s adverse credibility finding on grounds that
his statements to his doctors about working as a personal trainer could be explained by
his depression and embarrassment about being unemployed. The ALJ acknowledged
Michalec’s potential unease in not wanting to admit he was unemployed; what the ALJ
found incredible was that Michalec would inform two physicians treating him for
allegedly debilitating pain that he was performing such vigorous work as personal
training in physical fitness. In light of the inconsistencies between Michalec’s statements
to his doctors and his testimony at the hearing, Michalec has not shown that the ALJ’s
credibility assessment is patently erroneous. See Murphy v. Colvin, 759 F.3d 811, 815–16
(7th Cir. 2014).

       Because substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s decision and the ALJ made no
reversible legal errors, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
