                           UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
                        MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD


     HORACE LEE WILSON,                              DOCKET NUMBER
                  Appellant,                         AT-0752-13-0551-I-1

                  v.

     DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY,                         DATE: December 4, 2014
                 Agency.



                THIS FINAL ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

           Horace Lee Wilson, Madison, Alabama, pro se.

           Judith A. Fishel and Nathanael P. Causey, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, for
             the agency.


                                           BEFORE

                              Susan Tsui Grundmann, Chairman
                              Anne M. Wagner, Vice Chairman
                                 Mark A. Robbins, Member


                                       FINAL ORDER

¶1         The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which
     affirmed his removal for conduct unbecoming a federal employee. Generally, we
     grant petitions such as this one only when: the initial decision contains erroneous
     findings of material fact; the initial decision is based on an erroneous

     1
        A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add
     significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders,
     but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not
     required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a
     precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board
     as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c).
                                                                                       2

     interpretation of statute or regulation or the erroneous application of the law to
     the facts of the case; the judge’s rulings during either the course of the appeal or
     the initial decision were not consistent with required procedures or involved an
     abuse of discretion, and the resulting error affected the outcome of the case; or
     new and material evidence or legal argument is available that, despite the
     petitioner’s due diligence, was not available when the record closed. See Title 5
     of the Code of Federal Regulations, section 1201.115 (5 C.F.R. § 1201.115).
     After fully considering the filings in this appeal, and based on the following
     points and authorities, we conclude that the petitioner has not established any
     basis under section 1201.115 for granting the petition for review. Therefore, we
     DENY the petition for review and AFFIRM the initial decision, which is now the
     Board’s final decision. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113(b).

                                      BACKGROUND
¶2        The agency removed the appellant from his position as a GS-11
     Administrative Assistant in the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) office for
     multiple specifications of conduct unbecoming a federal employee.            Initial
     Appeal File (IAF), Tab 4 at 14 (Standard Form 50), 27-31 (decision letter), Tab 5
     at 4-14 (proposal notice).       The agency proposal notice identified eight
     specifications alleging that the appellant:     (1) acted inappropriately in his
     dealings with a disabled student (K.H.) seeking employment through the
     Workforce Recruitment Program (WRP); (2) misled K.H. regarding her grade and
     start date and failed to reply to her emails attempting to verify her start date and
     grade; (3) led another WRP student (J.B.) to incorrectly believe that her
     internship had been extended and lied about obtaining approval for the extension
     to his supervisor and the WRP program manager (B.E.); (4) committed time card
     abuse or fraud; (5) used government resources to perform duties associated with
     his private company; (6) improperly accessed his supervisor’s computer;
     (7) failed to perform his duties to an acceptable level; and (8) failed to follow
                                                                                              3

     instructions or cooperate with the acting director of the EEO office. IAF, Tab 4
     at 27, Tab 5 at 4-11. The deciding official sustained all of the specifications,
     except specification 6, and determined that removal was appropriate as the
     misconduct was extremely serious, frequently repeated, for personal gain,
     contrary to the mission of the EEO office, and harmful to others, especially the
     two disabled students. IAF, Tab 4 at 28-30.
¶3         The appellant appealed, arguing that the removal was based on false
     allegations and exaggerations. See IAF, Tab 1 at 3; see also IAF, Tabs 39, 44.
     After holding a hearing, the administrative judge affirmed the removal action,
     finding that: (1) specifications 1-5 and 8, but not specification 7, were supported
     by preponderant evidence; 2 (2) a nexus existed between the appellant’s
     misconduct and the efficiency of the service; and (3) the penalty of removal was
     within the tolerable limits of reasonableness. IAF, Tab 45, Initial Decision (ID).
¶4         The appellant has filed a petition for review, asserting that he disagrees
     with administrative judge’s findings and arguing that the administrative judge
     made numerous errors, failed to fully consider the evidence, mishandled the
     hearing, and favored the agency. See Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tab 1. The
     agency has responded in opposition. PFR File, Tab 7.

                                           ANALYSIS
     The administrative judge properly sustained the charge of conduct unbecoming a
     federal employee.
¶5         A charge of “conduct unbecoming” has no specific elements of proof, but is
     established by proving that the employee committed the acts alleged in support of
     the broad label. Canada v. Department of Homeland Security, 113 M.S.P.R. 509,
     ¶ 9 (2010).    Where, as here, more than one event or specification supports a
     2
       The administrative judge stated that the deciding official did not sustain specifications
     6 and 7. ID at 9 n.4. We note, however, that the reference to specification 7 appears to
     be a typographical error. The deciding official did sustain specification 7, IAF, Tab 4
     at 27, and the administrative judge expressly declined to sustain it because it lacked
     specific allegations of wrongdoing and specific evidence, ID at 9.
                                                                                            4

     single charge, proof of one or more, but not all, of the supporting specifications is
     sufficient to sustain the charge. See Alvarado v. Department of the Air Force,
     103 M.S.P.R. 1, ¶ 16 (2006), aff’d, 626 F. Supp. 2d 1140 (D.N.M. 2009), aff’d,
     490 F. App’x 932 (10th Cir. 2012). As set forth below, we find that at least three
     of the specifications are supported by preponderant evidence, and accordingly, we
     discern no error in the administrative judge’s decision to sustain the charge.
     Specifications 1-3

¶6         Specifications 1, 2, and 3 relate to the appellant’s alleged misconduct in his
     dealings with two disabled students, K.H. and J.B., seeking employment through
     the WRP. 3 K.H. did not testify at the hearing, but the administrative judge found
     her affidavit to be more credible than the appellant’s hearing testimony, and thus,
     sustained specifications 1 and 2.       ID at 2-5.    Regarding specification 3, the
     administrative judge found the hearing testimony of B.E., the WRP program
     manager, to be more credible than the appellant’s testimony because, in part, B.E.
     had “no reason” to tell J.B. that she had been extended if she had not. ID at 6.
     Thus, the administrative judge sustained specification 3 insofar as it charged the
     appellant with providing misinformation to B.E. regarding J.B.’s extension. ID
     at 5-6. On petition for review, the appellant argues that the administrative judge
     made erroneous credibility determinations and failed to consider relevant
     evidence.   PFR File, Tab 1 at 11-14, 16-17.          As discussed below, we have
     concerns regarding the credibility determinations underlying the administrative
     judge’s decision to sustain these specifications.


     3
       Specifications 1 and 2 allege such misconduct as the appellant failing to show up for a
     meeting with K.H.; asking her to pay for his lunch; asking her to follow him to a
     consignment store for no apparent reason; attempting to hug her without permission;
     leading her to believe that she would be offered a higher graded position and earlier
     start date than she ultimately received; and failing to reply to her emails attempting to
     verify the start date. IAF, Tab 5 at 4-5. Specification 3 alleges that the appellant led
     J.B. to incorrectly believe that her internship had been extended and lied about
     obtaining approval for the extension to his supervisor and B.E. Id. at 6.
                                                                                            5

¶7         Regarding specifications 1 and 2, we note that, among other things, the
     administrative judge failed to address the fact that, as part of an internal agency
     investigation, an investigator interviewed the appellant and K.H. multiple times
     each and found them both to be equally credible. 4 See IAF, Tab 6 at 27-30,
     33-37, 41-42 of 128.       Nevertheless, the administrative judge relied, without
     further explanation, on K.H.’s affidavit to sustain specifications 1 and 2, even
     though the agency itself found K.H.’s affidavit no more credible than the
     appellant’s affidavit. ID at 2-3.
¶8         Regarding specification 3, the record contains emails pertaining to an
     alleged loan between J.B. and B.E. See IAF, Tab 6 at 24-26 of 93. The existence
     of such a loan, if true, could undermine the administrative judge’s determination
     that B.E. had “no reason” to lie about the extension. Again, the administrative
     judge failed to mention this evidence.
¶9         We recognize that the Board must defer to an administrative judge’s
     credibility determinations when they are based, explicitly or implicitly, on the
     observation of the demeanor of witnesses testifying at a hearing and that the
     Board can overturn such determinations only when it has “sufficiently sound”
     reasons for doing so. Haebe v. Department of Justice, 288 F.3d 1288, 1301 (Fed.
     Cir. 2002).     Here, however, the administrative judge’s findings regarding
     specifications 1-3 are not based on his assessment of the demeanor of the
     witnesses. We also recognize that the administrative judge’s failure to mention
     all the evidence of record does not mean that he did not consider it in reaching his
     decision. Marques v. Department of Health & Human Services, 22 M.S.P.R. 129,
     132 (1984), aff’d, 776 F.2d 1062 (Fed. Cir. 1985) (Table). An administrative

     4
       The nontestimonial evidence in support of specification 2—namely, emails from K.H.
     to the appellant that he apparently did not respond to, see IAF, Tab 6 at 103-26
     of 138—also does not lend credibility to either party. The appellant has asserted that he
     responded to K.H. by phone in order to better explain the situation, see IAF, Tab 44
     at 11-12; PFR File, Tab 1 at 9, and there is no evidence or testimony to suggest that the
     appellant’s telephone contact with her was insufficient or improper.
                                                                                   6

  judge, however, should address relevant evidence on the material issues and
  provide reasons for accepting or rejecting the evidence. Young v. Department of
  the Navy, 53 M.S.P.R. 384, 386-87 (1992).
¶10    Although we have concerns about the administrative judge’s assessment of
  the evidence regarding specifications 1-3, we need not decide whether the
  administrative judge erred in sustaining the specifications. As discussed below,
  the other specifications are sufficient to sustain the charge and the penalty. See
  Alaniz v. U.S. Postal Service, 100 M.S.P.R. 105, ¶ 10 (2005); see also Luciano v.
  Department of the Treasury, 88 M.S.P.R. 335, ¶ 10 (2001) (the Board need not
  address allegations of error concerning certain specifications of a charge because
  the sustained charges and specifications warranted the appellant’s removal), aff’d,
  30 F. App’x 973 (Fed. Cir. 2002).
  Specification 4

¶11    Specification 4 alleges that the appellant committed time-card fraud or
  abuse when from April 23, to August 31, 2012, he: failed to provide correct
  information on official time and attendance records by not accounting for the
  actual number of hours worked each day; failed to request and receive approval
  for leave for the hours he did not work; and/or accepted pay for hours he did not
  work. IAF, Tab 5 at 6-7. According to the agency’s analysis of the appellant’s
  attendance over 93 days, the appellant did not enter the building at all on 10 days
  and arrived late on 67 days without adequate leave coverage. See IAF, Tab 6
  at 46-47 of 128. Although there was no way to determine when he left for the
  day, the appellant, whose regular duty hours were from 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.,
  sent his last email of the day after 3 p.m. on only 19 days. Id. Further, several
  coworkers attested that the appellant often arrived late, left early, took extended
  lunches, or was otherwise unaccounted for during the day. See id. at 5, 17 of 128,
  48-49, 68-69, 73, 93 of 136. The deciding official found that the appellant failed
  to provide a reasonable explanation for his absences, without approved leave,
                                                                                    7

  from the building. IAF, Tab 4 at 28-29. The administrative judge agreed, finding
  that the appellant and his supervisor lacked credibility insofar as they claimed
  that the appellant was performing his duties off-site whenever he was away from
  the office and that it was “inherently improbable” that the appellant, who testified
  that he did not keep an appointment book, had a good enough memory to know
  his appointments and obligations for days at a time but, when questioned
  afterwards, was unable to account for any of his movements. ID at 7-8.
¶12    The appellant claims that many of his duties were off-site and that he did
  not need to keep a ledger of his activities because “people organize differently.”
  PFR File, Tab 1 at 13. However, where absence during work hours is shown, the
  burden is on the appellant to show that it was authorized.           See Avant v.
  Department of the Air Force, 71 M.S.P.R. 192, 197 (1996). The appellant has not
  done so. See PFR File, Tab 1. Further, although it is likely that the appellant
  carried out some duties outside of the office, we agree with the administrative
  judge that it is unlikely that he would have been working outside of the office for
  hours and days at a time but not be able to recollect, or provide any evidence to
  account for, specifically where he was and/or what he was doing for even an hour
  of that time. See ID at 7-8; see also PFR File, Tab 1. Accordingly, we agree that
  this specification is supported by preponderant evidence.
  Specification 5

¶13    Specification 5 alleges that the appellant used government resources to
  perform duties associated with his private company, which apparently put on
  plays at a local theater. IAF, Tab 5 at 7. According to the agency’s analysis of
  the appellant’s email usage, over half of the 328 emails he sent from April 21,
  through August 31, 2012, were not work-related. See IAF, Tab 5 at 7, Tab 6 at 52
  of 93; see also IAF, Tab 33 at 10-24. In August alone, the agency’s analysis
  shows that at least 70 out of 89 emails sent by the appellant were personal in
  nature and a great majority of these were related to his company’s play, including
                                                                                       8

  posters, flyers, invitations, solicitations to purchase tickets, draft media releases,
  and requests for local media involvement. See IAF, Tab 6 at 52 of 93, Tab 33
  at 10-12, 18-24. The appellant also gave a phone interview to a local newspaper
  to promote his play while at work; the resulting article noted that the appellant
  was “calling from his day job cubicle” at the agency. IAF, Tab 6 at 100 of 128.
  The administrative judge found that the agency proved that the appellant misused
  his government computer to conduct extensive personal business and that,
  contrary to the appellant’s assertions, the personal use was not reasonable or de
  minimus. ID at 8-9. On review, the appellant essentially argues that he did not
  do anything wrong. 5 See PFR File, Tab 1 at 14-15.
¶14     Although neither party provided a copy of the agency’s computer use
  policy, the appellant referenced an “IT agreement” that allows employees to send
  personal emails during their lunch hour and breaks. Id. at 14. Even if this is an
  accurate characterization of the agency’s policy, we note that the appellant sent
  personal emails throughout the day, not just during discrete break periods. See
  IAF, Tab 33 at 18-39.      As discussed above, the record demonstrates that the
  appellant used government time and resources to promote his private business and
  that such use was not de minimus. As such, we agree with the administrative
  judge that preponderant evidence supports this specification.

  Specification 8
¶15     Specification 8 alleges that from September to December 2012, the
  appellant failed to follow instructions and failed to cooperate with the acting
  director when he: arrived late, left early, and “disappeared” without telling her



  5
    The appellant asserts, inter alia, that: everyone is allowed to use their email for
  personal purposes; he is a single parent so he may have had more personal emails than
  some other employees; there may have been more personal emails than work emails
  because he had been stripped of his official duties; there are numerous signs put up by
  other employees in the break room; and for the past 12 years, leadership had allowed
  him to use his government email to promote his play. PFR File, Tab 1 at 14-15.
                                                                                           9

      that he was leaving; 6 planned an off-site holiday party for the office without
      consulting her; and failed to execute her instructions to establish an office filing
      system. IAF, Tab 5 at 9-10. The administrative judge sustained the specification,
      finding that the appellant was rude and insubordinate to the acting director, whom
      he found more credible than the appellant, and that his behavior towards her was
      unacceptable. ID at 9-14. On petition for review, the appellant argues that he did
      not do anything wrong. 7 See PFR File, Tab 1.
¶16         The administrative judge found the acting director more credible than the
      appellant and noted that she was an outsider to the EEO office, was brought in on
      an interim basis, and intended to retire as soon as a new EEO director could be
      found. ID at 12. The administrative judge observed that it was apparent that the
      appellant resented the fact that his prior supervisor was gone and that the acting
      director intended to more strictly enforce agency rules. ID at 12. The appellant’s
      unacceptable behavior is well-documented in his emails to the acting director,
      which, as noted by the administrative judge, are rude, disrespectful, and
      contemptuous. See IAF, Tab 4 at 75-76 (Oct. 4, 2012), 77 (Jan. 2, 2013), 81-82
      (Dec. 11, 2012), 83 (Nov. 19, 2012), 89 (Oct. 24, 2012), 91 (Oct. 23, 2012),
      92-93 (Oct. 19, 2012); see also ID at 12. Accordingly, we find no basis to disturb
      the administrative judge’s decision to sustain this specification.



      6
        Although not raised by the appellant, we note that the time and attendance violations
      alleged in specification 8, which occurred between September and December 2012, and
      specification 4, which occurred between April 23, and August 31, 2012, do not present
      any merger concerns as the specifications are based on separate incidents of misconduct
      from different time periods. See Mann v. Department of Health & Human Services,
      78 M.S.P.R. 1, 7 (1998) (the Board will merge charges if they are based on the same
      conduct and proof of one charge automatically constitutes proof of the other charge).
      7
         The appellant asserts that: he did not refuse to follow instructions, but sought
      guidance from the acting director because she had told him to destroy sensitive files;
      the acting director would have issued him a reprimand or warning, which she never did,
      if he had actually been disrespectful to her or disobeyed an order; and it was past
      practice for him to organize a holiday party. PFR File, Tab 1 at 4-5, 9, 12-13, 15-16.
                                                                                      10

  The administrative judge correctly found that the penalty is reasonable.

¶17     As set forth above, we have concerns about the administrative judge’s
  decision to sustain specifications 1-3, but we need not resolve whether the agency
  proved those specifications because the remaining three sustained specifications
  involving time and attendance violations, misuse of government resources, and
  failure to follow supervisory instructions and failure to cooperate with a
  supervisor establish the charged misconduct and support the penalty of removal.
  See Alvarado, 103 M.S.P.R. 1, ¶ 16.         Where all of the agency’s charges are
  sustained, but some of the underlying specifications are not sustained, the
  agency’s penalty determination is entitled to deference and is reviewed only to
  determine whether it is within the parameters of reasonableness. Parker v. U.S.
  Postal Service, 111 M.S.P.R. 510, ¶ 8, aff’d, 355 F. App’x 410 (Fed. Cir. 2009).
  Thus, in this appeal, we must determine whether removal is within the parameters
  of reasonableness. 8
¶18     The Board has articulated factors to be considered in determining the
  propriety of a penalty, such as the nature and seriousness of the offense, the
  employee’s past disciplinary record, the supervisor’s confidence in the
  employee’s ability to perform his assigned duties, and the consistency of the
  penalty with the agency’s table of penalties and with those imposed on other
  employees for the same or similar offenses. Id., ¶ 10 (citing Douglas v. Veterans
  Administration, 5 M.S.P.R. 280, 305 (1981)).         All of the factors will not be
  pertinent in every instance, and so the relevant factors must be balanced in each
  case to arrive at the appropriate penalty. Douglas, 5 M.S.P.R. at 306.




  8
    On review, the appellant does not challenge the reasonableness of the penalty. PFR
  File, Tab 1. The appellant also does not challenge the existence of a nexus between his
  misconduct and the efficiency of the service. See id.; see also ID at 14.
                                                                                    11

¶19    On review, we find that the offenses underlying specifications 4, 5, and 8
  are serious in nature and relate directly to the appellant’s job duties. 9       See
  Spencer v. U.S. Postal Service, 112 M.S.P.R. 132, ¶ 7 (2009) (the nature and
  seriousness of the offense, and its relation to the employee’s duties, position, and
  responsibility, is generally the most important factor in assessing the
  reasonableness of a penalty). First, the appellant’s erratic attendance went to the
  very core of his responsibilities as a federal employee. See Davis v. Veterans
  Administration, 792 F.2d 1111, 1113 (Fed. Cir. 1986) (an essential element of
  employment is to be on the job when one is expected to be there). Moreover,
  although he was not explicitly charged with falsification, the appellant’s
  conduct—claiming and receiving pay for days and hours he was absent from the
  building without approved leave—was inherently knowing and intentional 10 and
  goes to his reliability, veracity, trustworthiness, and willingness to ethically
  perform his duties. See Daniels v. U.S. Postal Service, 57 M.S.P.R. 272, 285
  (1993).   As noted by the administrative judge, the appellant’s offense was
  particularly serious given his role as timekeeper.     See ID at 15.    Second, the
  appellant’s misuse of government resources is also serious. The Board has held
  that an employee, like the appellant, who conducts personal business while he is
  presumed to be performing the official duties of his position, violates the trust the
  agency has placed in him and destroys the confidence established in the
  employer-employee relationship.       See Cohen v. Internal Revenue Service,
  7 M.S.P.R. 57, 61 (1981). Third, it is well-settled that an employee’s refusal to
  follow supervisory instructions constitutes serious misconduct that undermines


  9
    As an Administrative Assistant, IAF, Tab 4 at 14, the appellant provided
  administrative support for the EEO office, acted as timekeeper, and assisted with or
  managed the WRP program. IAF, Tab 6 at 17-18.
  10
    We note that it is axiomatic that the appellant knew or should have known that he
  needed to request leave according to established procedures and only claim pay for
  hours and days he actually worked.
                                                                                            12

  management’s capacity to maintain employee efficiency and discipline.                    See
  Redfearn v. Department of Labor, 58 M.S.P.R. 307, 316 (1993).
¶20     In addition to the seriousness of the misconduct underlying specifications 4,
  5, and 8, several aggravating factors weigh in favor of removal. The appellant’s
  lack of work ethic and misuse of government time and resources to promote his
  play had the potential to undermine other employees’ confidence in the EEO
  office and the public’s confidence in the agency and in federal employees in
  general. 11 See Douglas, 5 M.S.P.R. at 305 (the notoriety of the offense or its
  impact upon the reputation of the agency is a factor to be considered).                 The
  deciding official’s loss of confidence in the appellant’s ability to perform his job
  is supported by the record and also weighs in favor of a more serious penalty. 12
  See id. Moreover, the appellant’s lack of remorse and failure to take personal
  responsibility for his misconduct shows poor rehabilitative potential. 13              IAF,
  Tab 4 at 41, 43-45; see Neuman v. U.S. Postal Service, 108 M.S.P.R. 200, ¶ 26
  (2008) (rationalizations and lack of remorse indicate little rehabilitative potential
  and are aggravating factors).           The deciding official properly considered
  mitigating factors as well, but found that the appellant’s 17 years of federal
  service, lack of prior discipline, and the lack of discipline and control in the EEO
  office in the time prior to the disciplinary action were insufficient to mitigate the
  basic dishonesty inherent in the appellant’s conduct. IAF, Tab 4 at 40-41, 45.



  11
     The appellant’s use of government time and resources to promote his private business
  was known to his coworkers and was reported in a local newspaper. See IAF, Tab 6
  at 66-100 of 128.
  12
     Specifically, the deciding official asserted that the appellant’s failure to account for a
  large amount of time absent from the office, misuse of government time and resources
  for personal business, and failure to work with the acting director caused him to
  completely lose trust in the appellant’s ability to perform his job. IAF, Tab 4 at 41.
  13
     The deciding official explained that the appellant, inter alia, blamed the acting
  director, accused her of being a dictator, and explained that someone probably
  manipulated his records in the time and attendance system. IAF, Tab 4 at 39, 44.
                                                                                 13

¶21    Weighing all of the most relevant penalty factors together, we find that the
  mitigating factors are offset by aggravating ones, especially the nature and
  seriousness of the misconduct and the appellant’s lack of remorse for his actions.
  Accordingly, we find that the deciding official’s penalty determination was
  within the tolerable limits of reasonableness.
  The appellant has not shown that the administrative judge committed error.

¶22    The appellant challenges the administrative judge’s handling of his case, the
  “tone” of the hearing, and various purported inequities perpetrated against him
  during his appeal.    See PFR File, Tab 1.       However, as discussed below, the
  appellant has failed to show any adjudicatory error, much less demonstrate that
  any error adversely affected his substantive rights. See Karapinka v. Department
  of Energy, 6 M.S.P.R. 124, 127 (1981) (an administrative judge’s procedural
  error is of no legal consequence unless it is shown to have adversely affected a
  party’s substantive rights).
¶23    The appellant asserts that the administrative judge erred by failing to
  adjudicate his “wrongful termination motion to the [administrative judge] to
  reject removal and reinstate appellant with back pay.”       See PFR File, Tab 1
  at 1-2; see also IAF, Tab 39. However, we discern no error by the administrative
  judge because the appellant’s motion was essentially seeking summary judgment,
  which the Board has no authority to render. Johnson v. Department of Justice,
  104 M.S.P.R. 624, ¶ 30 (2007). Moreover, even if the administrative judge erred,
  the appellant was afforded multiple opportunities to present his arguments and he
  has failed to show or allege that anything in his motion would warrant a different
  outcome. See PFR File, Tab 1; see also Karapinka, 6 M.S.P.R. at 127.
¶24    Next, the administrative judge did not err in failing to consider the
  appellant’s retaliation claim, which, on review, he alleges was based on a
  successful EEO case against the agency in 2010, and on an EEO complaint that
  he was about to file before he was removed. See PFR File, Tab 1 at 1-3. In his
                                                                                       14

  initial appeal, the appellant did not mention a prior successful EEO matter 14 but
  merely opined that the agency failed to conduct an independent investigation into
  its “suspicions about [his] actions” because the agency knew he was about to file
  an EEO complaint. 15 IAF, Tab 1 at 31. We find that this vague reference was
  insufficient to constitute a claim of retaliation or to trigger the administrative
  judge’s obligation to apprise the appellant of his burden and methods of proof to
  establish the affirmative defense. See Wynn v. U.S. Postal Service, 115 M.S.P.R.
  146, ¶¶ 10, 13 (2010).        Furthermore, the appellant did not object to the
  administrative judge’s order and summary of prehearing conference, which
  indicated that the appellant had not raised any affirmative defense. 16 IAF, Tab 35
  at 1, 3.
¶25     The administrative judge also did not err by allegedly failing to consider
  that the appellant was mentally and emotionally “fragile” during his alleged
  improper interactions with the acting director. PFR File, Tab 1 at 5, 9. First, it
  does not appear that the appellant raised any defense of mental or emotional


  14
     We need not consider the appellant’s claim of retaliation based on a prior successful
  EEO claim, which he raises for the first time on petition for review, because he has not
  shown that he was unable to raise the argument below despite due diligence. See Banks
  v. Department of the Air Force, 4 M.S.P.R. 268, 271 (1980) (the Board generally will
  not consider an argument raised for the first time in a petition for review absent a
  showing that it is based on new and material evidence not previously available despite
  the party’s due diligence). Further, we note that there is no evidence of any successful
  EEO claim by the appellant in the record and, according to the agency, there has never
  been a finding that the agency discriminated against the appellant. PFR File, Tab 7 at 5
  n.1.
  15
     The appellant made only cursory reference to retaliation in his initial appeal,
  asserting that the agency essentially rushed his removal because it was apparently aware
  that he was about to file an EEO complaint against the chief of staff (who is also the
  proposing and deciding official) for failing to respond to the appellant’s memoranda
  complaining of a “hostile environment.” IAF, Tab 1 at 31, 58-61, 63-65.
  16
     The order and summary of the prehearing conference set forth the issues on appeal
  and ordered that, if any party took exception to any part of the summary, the party must
  state the exception and serve the objections to the Board and opposing party within
  7 days of the order. IAF, Tab 35 at 1.
                                                                                       15

  impairment below, and so we need not consider it now. See Banks, 4 M.S.P.R.
  at 271. Second, even if the appellant properly raised this defense below, it is
  insufficient to warrant mitigation of the penalty. While the Board may consider
  an appellant’s medical condition in determining the appropriate penalty where it
  played a part in the charged conduct, the appellant has not alleged that his
  “fragile emotional and mental state” constituted a medical condition or explained
  how it precluded him from interacting with the acting director in an appropriate
  manner.   See Sherlock v. General Services Administration, 103 M.S.P.R. 352,
  ¶ 12 (2006); see also PFR File, Tab 1 at 5, 9.
¶26     Lastly, the appellant argues that the administrative judge erred by allowing
  K.W., an agency human resources specialist, to submit a written declaration and
  to attend the hearing as the agency’s civilian personnel advisor. PFR File, Tab 1
  at 6-7. Specifically, he appears to contend that K.W.’s presence at the hearing
  and/or her declaration were improper and/or presented a conflict of interest
  because: (1) K.W. was the recorder at his oral reply to the proposed removal;
  (2) she had assisted the deciding official with the proposed removal; (3) her
  attendance required the appellant to defend himself against both the agency
  attorney and K.W.; and (4) she had been rejected as an agency witness at the
  prehearing conference. 17 See id. However, none of these allegations, even if
  true, establish adjudicatory error. An administrative judge has wide discretion to
  control the proceedings, including the authority to determine who may attend the
  hearing and to receive relevant evidence. See 5 C.F.R. §§ 1201.31, 1201.41(b).
  Moreover, the appellant has offered no evidence to establish that his substantive


  17
    The agency sought to call K.W. as a hearing witness in order to testify about her role
  in advising management regarding the proposed removal. IAF, Tab 30 at 6. The
  administrative judge disapproved K.W. on grounds of relevancy. IAF, Tab 35 at 4.
  According to the agency, K.W.’s testimony might still be needed in rebuttal, but
  because she would be assisting at the hearing, she needed to testify before observing
  other witness testimony. PFR File, Tab 7 at 6-7. The administrative judge thus allowed
  K.W. to submit a declaration prior to the hearing. IAF, Tab 38 at 4-6.
                                                                                     16

  rights were prejudiced by K.W.’s attendance at the hearing or by her declaration.
  See Karapinka, 6 M.S.P.R. at 127.
¶27    Accordingly, because none of the alleged errors affected his substantive
  rights, the appellant has failed to establish any adjudicatory error.
  The appellant has failed to establish that the administrative judge was biased.

¶28    The appellant also appears to argue that the administrative judge showed
  bias against him by, inter alia, treating him more harshly than the agency,
  allowing the agency to introduce new evidence at the hearing, objecting to his
  questioning of the witnesses, allowing K.W. to attend the hearing, and by pushing
  the settlement agreement. See, e.g., PFR File, Tab 1 at 3, 6, 11, 13, 18-19, 22.
¶29     Even accepting the appellant’s allegations as true, we find nothing
  improper in the administrative judge’s conduct, much less evidence of “a
  deep-seated favoritism or antagonism that would make fair judgment impossible.”
  See Asatov v. Agency for International Development, 119 M.S.P.R. 692, ¶ 13
  (2013). It is well-settled that an administrative judge is permitted to engage in
  frank settlement discussions with the parties, Herman v. Department of Justice,
  119 M.S.P.R. 642, ¶11 (2013), and informing them of the relative strengths and
  weaknesses of their case does not indicate bias, coercion or any prejudgment or
  preconceived notions as to the appeal, Chakravorty v. Department of the Air
  Force, 90 M.S.P.R. 304, ¶ 8 (2001). Further, an allegation of bias against an
  administrative judge must be supported by an affidavit. See Asatov, 119 M.S.P.R.
  692, ¶ 13. The appellant has not supported his claims with an affidavit, and there
  is nothing in the record to support a finding of bias by the administrative judge.
  Thus, we find insufficient evidence to overcome the presumption of honesty and
  integrity that the administrative judge enjoys. See Simmons v. Small Business
  Administration, 115 M.S.P.R. 647, ¶ 10 (2011).
                                                                                 17

                 NOTICE TO THE APPELLANT REGARDING
                    YOUR FURTHER REVIEW RIGHTS
     You have the right to request review of this final decision by the United
States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. You must submit your request to
the court at the following address:
                          United States Court of Appeals
                              for the Federal Circuit
                            717 Madison Place, N.W.
                             Washington, DC 20439

The court must receive your request for review no later than 60 calendar days
after the date of this order. See 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(A) (as rev. eff. Dec. 27,
2012). If you choose to file, be very careful to file on time. The court has held
that normally it does not have the authority to waive this statutory deadline and
that filings that do not comply with the deadline must be dismissed. See Pinat v.
Office of Personnel Management, 931 F.2d 1544 (Fed. Cir. 1991).
     If you need further information about your right to appeal this decision to
court, you should refer to the federal law that gives you this right. It is found in
Title 5 of the United States Code, section 7703 (5 U.S.C. § 7703) (as rev. eff.
Dec. 27, 2012). You may read this law as well as other sections of the United
States   Code,    at   our   website,   http://www.mspb.gov/appeals/uscode.htm.
Additional information is available at the court's website, www.cafc.uscourts.gov.
Of particular relevance is the court's "Guide for Pro Se Petitioners and
Appellants," which is contained within the court's Rules of Practice, and Forms 5,
6, and 11.
     If you are interested in securing pro bono representation for your court
appeal, you may visit our website at http://www.mspb.gov/probono for a list of
attorneys who have expressed interest in providing pro bono representation for
Merit Systems Protection Board appellants before the court. The Merit Systems
                                                                           18

Protection Board neither endorses the services provided by any attorney nor
warrants that any attorney will accept representation in a given case.




FOR THE BOARD:                            ______________________________
                                          William D. Spencer
                                          Clerk of the Board
Washington, D.C.




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