                                   2017 IL App (1st) 152173

                                                                               FIRST DIVISION
                                                                                   May 22, 2017
                                            No. 1-15-2173


                                        IN THE
                             APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
                               FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT


THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS,                 ) Appeal from the Circuit Court of
                                                     ) Cook County, Criminal Division
                      Plaintiff-Appellee,            )
                                                     )
v.                                                   ) No. 99 CR 7699
                                                     )
ALSTORY SIMON,                                       ) Honorable Thomas Byrne,
                                                     ) Judge Presiding
                      Defendant-Appellant.           )


       JUSTICE SIMON delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
       Presiding Justice Connors and Justice Harris concurred in the judgment and opinion.

                                             OPINION

¶1     Alstory Simon (petitioner) appeals from a circuit court order denying his petition for a

certificate of innocence. Petitioner argues that the circuit court erred when holding that he

voluntarily caused his own conviction and when denying his petition based on the lack of State’s

misconduct. For the following reasons, we vacate the order and remand the case for further

proceedings.

¶2                                   BACKGROUND

¶3     The petition alleged the following facts. On September 7, 1999, petitioner pleaded guilty

to the murder of Marilyn Green and the voluntary manslaughter of Jerry Hillard and was

sentenced to concurrent terms of 37 years and 15 years, respectively. On October 14, 2014,
No. 1-15-2173


petitioner’s convictions and sentences were vacated. On January 28, 2015, petitioner filed his

verified petition for a certificate of innocence pursuant to section 2-702 of the Illinois Code of

Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-702 (West 2012)).

¶4     Anthony Porter was previously found guilty in the murders of Marilyn Green and Jerry

Hillard in September 1982 and sentenced to death. In late 1988, with the execution of Porter

approaching, Northwestern Medill journalist professor David Protess, private investigator Paul

Ciolino, and several Medill journalism students began to investigate Porter’s case in an attempt

to free him from death row. To claim Porter’s innocence, Protess and Ciolino needed an alternate

suspect. Although petitioner’s name was never mentioned in the police investigation, over the

course of several weeks, Protess and Ciolino fabricated four pieces of evidence in an attempt to

dismantle the case against Porter and frame petitioner.

¶5     In December 1998, Protess had Ciolino obtain an affidavit from eyewitness William

Taylor. Taylor witnessed the murders of Green and Hillard in the bleachers of the pool in

Washington Park and testified at Porter’s trial that he saw Porter shoot Hillard and Green.

Ciolino approached Taylor and convinced him to sign an affidavit, recanting his trial testimony

and indicating that Taylor never saw Porter the night of the crimes. The affidavit omitted the

portion of Taylor’s statement that he did see Porter run past him that night as Porter fled the

scene of the crime, and that and there was no doubt in Taylor’s mind that Porter committed the

murders.

¶6     Next, after receiving his name from Porter, Protess made inmate Walter Jackson a

number of promises to induce Jackson to sign an affidavit claiming that petitioner had told him,

17 years earlier, that he shot Hillard and Green. Walter called petitioner’s estranged wife, Inez

Jackson, to convince her to help Protess free Porter from prison and to frame petitioner.



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¶7       On January 29, 1999, Protess, Ciolino, and two Medill students visited Inez Jackson in

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and obtained her affidavit that implicated petitioner in the 1982 murders.

In her statement, Inez falsely indicated that she was with petitioner when he shot Hillard and

Green.

¶8       Petitioner alleged that Ciolino and one of his partners duped petitioner into filming a

confession. Initially, in December 1998, Protess sent two of his female students to petitioner’s

house to interview him. After the students left the house, Protess confronted petitioner and

accused him of the murders. Then, Protess sent Ciolino to force a confession from petitioner. On

February 3, 1999, Ciolino impersonated a police officer and entered petitioner’s home while

armed with a handgun and detained him there. Petitioner was under the influence of narcotics at

the time. Ciolino used a variety of tactics to obtain a false confession from petitioner, including

threats, fabricated evidence, false statements, promises, and money.

¶9       Ciolino showed petitioner a videotape of a man, who falsely claimed that he saw

petitioner commit the murders. He threatened petitioner and mentioned that he would hate to see

petitioner have an accident in his home. He showed petitioner the broadcast of Walter Jackson's

and Inez’s statements claiming that petitioner committed the murders. Ciolino told petitioner that

he was facing the death penalty, that police were on their way to petitioner’s home to arrest him,

and that he could only avoid the death penalty by providing a statement that he shot the victim in

self-defense. Ciolino also told petitioner that he had to act quickly because Ciolino could no

longer help him once the police arrived.

¶ 10     Ciolino promised petitioner that he would receive free legal representation, that Protess

would ensure he received a short sentence, and that he would obtain large sums of money from

books and movie deals. Petitioner rehearsed a statement with Ciolino and then provided a



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No. 1-15-2173


videotaped statement claiming responsibility for the 1982 murders. Protess immediately

provided petitioner’s confession videotape to CBS-TV, who played the confession on local

television. The next day, Porter was released from custody and petitioner was arrested.

¶ 11   Ciolino arranged for his friend, attorney Jack Rimland, to represent petitioner free of

charge. Petitioner alleged that Rimland never truly represented petitioner’s interests. Instead,

Rimland ensured that petitioner’s false confession, the witnesses’ statements, and all of the

inculpatory evidence against Porter would not be scrutinized. Before petitioner’s arrest, Rimland

stated publicly that “obviously if [petitioner] is charged, he’s looking at the death penalty.”

Rimland represented petitioner through the proceedings in the circuit court.

¶ 12   The State brought four witnesses before the grand jury who testified they saw Porter with

the victims at the scene of the crime. One of the witnesses specifically testified that it was Porter

who shot the victims. The grand jury also heard testimony from Protess, Ciolino, and a number

of Northwestern students who were involved in the investigation. The grand jury returned a true

bill and indicted petitioner for the murder charges stemming from the 1982 murders.

¶ 13   Subsequently, on September 7, 1999, petitioner pleaded guilty to the murder of Green

and the voluntary manslaughter of Hillard. Petitioner alleged that Rimland, acting in concert with

Protess and Ciolino, coerced him into pleading guilty to the murders by lying about the evidence

in the case, by concealing the overwhelming eyewitness grand jury testimony implicating Porter,

and by threatening petitioner with the death penalty if he did not plead guilty. The trial court

sentenced petitioner to concurrent terms of 37 years for the murder and 15 years for the

voluntary manslaughter.

¶ 14   In 2001, petitioner filed a pro se postconviction petition claiming he was innocent and

that he had been coerced into confessing to the murders. The circuit court denied the petition.



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No. 1-15-2173


However, in the following years the evidence construed to frame petitioner for the murders

proved to be unreliable. In January 2006, Walter Jackson admitted that petitioner never told him

that he committed the murders. Walter Jackson explained that he provided a false statement

because Porter saved him from being “shanked” in prison and because Protess promised him

money and that he would help him get out of prison. In November 2005, Inez Jackson also

admitted that her statement implicating petitioner was false and that she agreed to give a false

statement because Protess promised her money from movie and book deals and help to get her

nephew and son released from prison. In addition, Ciolino publicly bragged about coercing

petitioner to confess and stated that “we bull-rushed him, and mentally he couldn’t recover.”

¶ 15   In October 2013, the Cook County State’s Attorney’s office launched an investigation

into petitioner’s conviction in the light of the evidence that Protess interfered with the criminal

justice process and severely impacted the integrity of the conviction. On October 30, 2014, the

State’s Attorney’s office requested that the circuit court vacate the murder and voluntary

manslaughter charges against petitioner. The circuit court vacated petitioner’s conviction and he

was released from custody. In a press release, State’s Attorney Anita Alvarez criticized Protess

and Ciolino for their “alarming tactics that were not only coercive but absolutely unacceptable by

law enforcement standards.”

¶ 16   On January 28, 2015, petitioner filed the instant petition for a certificate of innocence.

The State intervened in the proceedings but did not file a response and indicated it had no

position on the petition. Following a hearing, on June 18, 2015, the court issued a written ruling.

The court denied the petition holding that petitioner’s willful participation in the plan to free

Porter precluded him from obtaining relief. The court also held that petitioner was not entitled to




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No. 1-15-2173


relief when his claims failed to include any allegations of misconduct on behalf of the State. This

appeal follows.

¶ 17                                          ANALYSIS

¶ 18   To obtain a certificate of innocence under section 2-702 of the Code of Civil Procedure

(“Act”), a petitioner must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that:

                “(1) [he] was convicted of one or more felonies by the State of Illinois and

       subsequently sentenced to a term of imprisonment, and has served all or any part

       of the sentence;

                (2)(A) the judgment of conviction was reversed or vacated, and the

       indictment or information dismissed or, if a new trial was ordered, either [he] was

       found not guilty at the new trial or [he] was not retried and the indictment or

       information dismissed; ***

                (3) [he] is innocent of the offenses charged in the indictment or

       information ***; and

                (4) [he] did not by his *** own conduct voluntarily cause or bring about

       his *** conviction.” 735 ILCS 5/2-702(g) (West 2012).

¶ 19   The petitioner must attach documentation to the petition that demonstrates (1) that he has

been convicted of a felony by the State of Illinois, was sentenced to prison, and served all or any

part of the sentence; (2)(a) that the conviction was reversed or vacated and the charging

instrument was dismissed, or, if a new trial was ordered, that he either was found not guilty on

retrial or was not retried and the charging instrument was dismissed, or (2)(b) that the statute

underlying the charging instrument or its application was unconstitutional; and (3) that the claim

is not time-barred under section 2-702(i) (735 ILCS 5/2-702(i) (West 2012)). 735 ILCS 5/2-



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No. 1-15-2173


702(c) (West 2012). The petition must also allege facts in sufficient detail to allow the court to

find that the petitioner is likely to succeed at trial in proving that he is innocent or that his acts

and omissions did not constitute a felony or a misdemeanor against the State of Illinois. 735

ILCS 5/2-702(c) (West 2012). The defendant must also verify the petition. 735 ILCS 5/2-702(d)

(West 2012).

¶ 20   Whether or not a petitioner is entitled to a certificate of innocence is generally committed

to the sound discretion of the court. People v. Dumas, 2013 IL App (2d) 120561, ¶ 17 (citing

Rudy v. People, 2013 IL App (1st) 113449, ¶ 11). However, “[t]he interpretation of a statute is a

question of law that is reviewed de novo.” People v. Fields, 2011 IL App (1st) 100169, ¶ 18.

¶ 21   In the instant case, although the State intervened in the proceedings, it elected not to

object to the proceedings, did not introduce any evidence to refute the facts in the petition, and

did not oppose the petition. The court held that petitioner met the first three requirements under

of the Act. Petitioner was convicted, served time in the Illinois Department of Correction, and

the indictment against him was dismissed. The court held that petitioner met his burden of

establishing his innocence by a preponderance of the evidence and it was more likely true than

not that he was actually innocent in the murders of Hillard and Green. Notwithstanding its

finding of actual innocence, the court denied the petition on the ground that petitioner did not

establish that he did not voluntarily cause his conviction and because petitioner’s claim did not

involve any allegations of misconduct on behalf of the State.

¶ 22   The court held that the circumstances surrounding petitioner’s guilty plea indicated that

he was a willing participant in Protess’s corrupt scheme to free Porter, a convicted murder, and

to frame petitioner, an innocent man. The court relied on three pieces of evidence for its

determination that petitioner willfully participated in Protess’s well developed plan to overturn



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No. 1-15-2173


Porter’s conviction: petitioner’s statements made in allocution at the conclusion of his guilty plea

hearing, some excerpts from petitioner’s pro se petition for postconviction relief, and a

newspaper article containing petitioner’s statements made to a news reporter. The court indicated

that these documents were submitted by petitioner.

¶ 23   On appeal, petitioner argues that the trial court erred when it determined that he

voluntarily caused or brought about his conviction. Petitioner claims that the court erroneously

relied on inadmissible evidence, outside the evidentiary record, in an attempt to rebut the well-

pleaded facts in his petition to find support for the conclusion that petitioner voluntarily caused

his conviction. Petitioner maintains that, even assuming that the court properly relied on

admissible evidence, he had no notice of the evidence used by the trial court and no opportunity

to counter or argue that it was not probative of the issue that he voluntarily caused his own

conviction. We agree.

¶ 24   We are mindful that the Act does not contain well-defined procedural instructions on how

to proceed in a case where the State, although it intervenes, does not object to the proceedings

and does not present any evidence to rebut a petitioner’s claim for a certificate of innocence. The

Act indicates that the proceedings are adversarial in nature and, just as in any adversarial

proceedings, the petitioner has the right to fully present his case. Nowak v. St. Rita High School,

197 Ill. 2d 381, 391 (2001). The Act states that the court has wide discretion regarding the

“weight and admissibility of the evidence submitted.” (Emphasis added.) 735 ILCS 5/2-702(a)

(West 2012).

¶ 25   Petitioner attached eight exhibits consisting mostly of excerpts from trial or grand jury

testimony, and none contained the three pieces of evidence upon which the trial court relied

when concluding that petitioner voluntarily caused his conviction. The evidence used by the trial



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No. 1-15-2173


court to determine that petitioner caused his conviction was not “submitted” by petitioner or by

the State. Unlike a typical innocence proceeding, where the State submits a response to the

petition and the court conducts a hearing and makes credibility and factual findings regarding the

evidence after that hearing, here, the State did not present any evidence or testimony to rebut

petitioner’s claim. Had the State done so, petitioner could have countered the evidence, objected

to it being admitted, and cross-examined the State’s potential witnesses.

¶ 26   Here, similarly, petitioner should not be deprived of his right to respond to the evidence

used as the basis for finding that he caused his own conviction. The court, on its own, pointed to

certain evidence and used it to deny petitioner’s request without giving him a meaningful

opportunity to object to it. Just as in any other adversarial proceedings, petitioner must have

opportunity to object to the admissibility and the probative value of the evidence used to deny his

claim. See People v. Hawkins, 181 Ill. 2d 41, 50 (1998). A contrary position would place the

State at a strategic advantage by simply not taking any position in the proceedings and lead to

unfair surprise for the petitioner. Therefore, given the unique posture of the case, we remand the

matter to the trial court for an evidentiary hearing where petitioner would be able to object to the

admissibility, the probative value of the evidence and for an opportunity to present evidence in

support of his claim that he did not voluntarily cause his own conviction.

¶ 27   Notably, we are not making any determination regarding the merits of petitioner’s

petition, and our ruling does not mean that, after conducting the hearing, the court cannot deny

the certificate of innocence for the reason that petitioner failed to establish that he caused his

own conviction based on admissible, probative evidence. People v. Dumas, 2013 IL App (2d)

120561, ¶ 17 (“[w]hether or not a petitioner is entitled to a certificate of innocence is generally

committed to the sound discretion of the court”).



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No. 1-15-2173


¶ 28   Finally, we disagree with the trial court’s determination that petitioner cannot obtain

relief in the court of claims because the State was not involved in the wrongdoing that generated

petitioner’s wrongful incarceration. The court held that, although not in the statute, a common

sense interpretation of the Act requires the State’s wrongdoing in order for petitioner to be able

to obtain monetary damages in the court of claims. But, whether the State engaged in any

misconduct that resulted in a petitioner’s wrongful conviction has no bearing on petitioner’s

request for a certificate of innocence. The Act specifically identifies the four elements that a

petitioner must prove by a preponderance of the evidence in order to obtain a certificate of

innocence and none of those require a petitioner to prove that he or she was convicted as a result

of misconduct committed by the State. 735 ILCS 5/2-702(g) (West 2012).

¶ 29   Moreover, the court’s narrow interpretation of the Act in the absence of any such

language denies remedy to numerous meritorious wrongful convictions claims that do not arise

from any misconduct on the part of the government. See, e.g., Cynthia E. Jones, The Right

Remedy for the Wrongly Convicted: Judicial Sanctions for Destruction of DNA Evidence, 77

Fordham L. Rev. 2893, 2928 (2009) (citing eyewitness identifications and testimony of jailhouse

informants as two of the leading causes of wrongful conviction).

¶ 30   Furthermore, the only matter before the circuit court was whether to grant or deny the

petition for a certificate of innocence. Whether the court of claims has jurisdiction over a case

brought in the court of claims for monetary relief is for the court of claims, not the circuit court

to decide. Therefore, the court erroneously held that petitioner cannot obtain his certificate of

innocence because he did not establish that the State caused his wrongful incarceration.

¶ 31   Under the Act the only issue for the circuit court’s consideration was whether or not

petitioner proved the four elements articulated in subsection (g) by a preponderance of the



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evidence. 735 ILCS 5/2-702(g) (West 2012). The court determined that petitioner met the first

three elements. We are remanding the case for a hearing where petitioner has an opportunity to

prove that he did not voluntarily cause his own conviction.

¶ 32                                 CONCLUSION

¶ 33   Based on the foregoing, we vacate the trial court’s order denying petitioner’s certificate

of innocence and remand the case for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

¶ 34   Vacated and remanded.




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