                            UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                            FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA


 LAWRENCE GLASER,

    Petitioner,
                                                          Civil Action No. 12-805 (CKK)
           v.

 JONATHAN RUSSELL LEGG, et al.,

    Respondents.


                                 MEMORANDUM OPINION
                                    (March 11, 2013)

       This matter comes before the Court on Petitioner Lawrence Glaser’s Verified Petition to

Vacate Arbitration Award and Respondents Jonathan Russell Legg, Morgan Stanley & Co., and

Edmund Stephan’s [7] Cross-Petition to Confirm Arbitration Award. The Petitioner seeks to

vacate, and the Respondents seek to confirm, a February 16, 2012 FINRA Dispute Resolution

arbitration award. Upon consideration of the pleadings,1 the relevant legal authorities, and the

record as a whole, the Court finds the petition to vacate is untimely, and the Petitioner is barred

from raising any grounds in support of vacatur as affirmative defenses to the Respondents’ cross-

petition to confirm the award. In opposing the cross-petition, the Petitioner failed to identify any

other grounds to deny confirmation. Accordingly, the petition to vacate is DISMISSED as

untimely, and the cross-petition to confirm the arbitration award is GRANTED.




       1
          Pet’r’s Pet. to Vacate (“Pet.”), ECF No. [1]; Resp’ts’ Opp’n & Cross-Pet. to Confirm
(“Cross-Pet.”), ECF Nos. [7-10]; Pet’r’s Opp’n to Cross-Pet. & Reply (“Pet’r’s Reply”), ECF
Nos. [14, 15]; Resp’ts’ Reply, ECF No. [19].
                                       I. BACKGROUND

       A.      Factual Background

       The facts relevant to the disposition of the parties’ petitions are undisputed. In 2002, the

Petitioner initiated arbitration against the Respondents asserting a number of claims arising out

of the Petitioner’s purchase of securities from Enzo Biochemical, Inc. Resp’ts’ Ex. E (12/8/04

NASD Dispute Resolution Award) at 1-2. The parties executed a settlement agreement resolving

the Petitioner’s claims on February 24, 2004. Resp’ts’ Ex. D (Release & Settlement Agreement).

At the parties’ request, the National Association of Securities Dealers Dispute Resolution

arbitration panel entered a stipulated award dismissing with prejudice all claims for relief

asserted by the Petitioner.2 Resp’ts’ Ex. E at 4. The Supreme Court of the State of New York

subsequently confirmed the award. Resp’ts’ Ex. F (Morgan Stanley v. Glaser, No. 110724/2005,

Am. Order (N.Y. Sup. Ct. Dec. 12, 2005)).

       The Petitioner initiated a new arbitration proceeding in 2011, alleging that the

Respondents fraudulently induced the Petitioner to enter into the 2004 settlement agreement by

(1) failing to turn over relevant documents to the Petitioner; (2) failing to disclose payment to the

Petitioner’s former counsel in excess of the settlement amount; and (3) failing to disclose certain

“newly discovered” facts regarding the underlying securities offering. Pet’r’s Ex. C (Stmt. of

Claim) at 2. The Petitioner asked the new panel to void the 2004 settlement agreement, and

adjudicate the substance of the Petitioner’s claims arising out of the underlying securities

purchase at issue in the 2002 proceeding. Id. at 27-43. The Respondents moved to dismiss the
       2
          The arbitration panel entered the initial stipulated award on May 19, 2004. Resp’ts’
Ex. E at 3. The parties subsequently asked the panel to reopen the matter and execute an
amended stipulated award “in order to correct an omission.” Id. For purposes of this case, it is
sufficient to note that the arbitration panel entered an award memorializing the parties’
settlement agreement, which was subsequently confirmed by a New York state court.

                                                 2
arbitration on, among grounds, that the new proceeding constituted an improper collateral attack

on the 2004 award, which could only be set aside by way of a petition to vacate in federal court.

Resp’ts’ Ex. I (Resp’ts’ Mot. to Dismiss) at 7-8.         The arbitration panel agreed with the

Respondents, noting that

       It has no authority to vacate the earlier arbitral proceeding and reexamine the
       issues there considered. It is settled law that, once an arbitration has been
       conducted under a valid arbitration agreement involving interstate commerce, the
       Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. § 1 et seq. (“FAA”) provides the exclusive
       remedy for challenging acts that may justify the vacatur of the award.

Resp’ts’ Ex. A (2/16/2012 FINRA Dispute Resolution Award)3 at 5. The panel issued its

decision on February 16, 2012, and mailed notice of the decision to the parties the same day. Id

at 7; Resp’t’s Ex. M. (2/16/2012 Ltr B. Simon to Resp’ts).

       The Petitioner filed the present petition to vacate on May 17, 2012, and served the

Respondents with notice of the petition on July 20, 2012. Pet’r’s Notice of Filing, ECF No. [6].

The Petitioner contends the Court should vacate the arbitration award on the grounds that (1) two

of the arbitrators failed to complete required training, Pet. ¶¶ 9-10; (2) the arbitrators failed to

record the initial pre-hearing conference call, id. at ¶¶ 12-14; (3) the panel failed to read the

Petitioner’s pleadings or consider his arguments, id. at ¶¶ 18-29; and (4) the award was procured

by misconduct on the part of Respondents’ counsel, namely “fail[ing] to appraise the panel of

adverse authority such as the fact that a Motion to Dismiss should only be granted if there are no

set facts upon which claimant could prevail,” and “willfully misrepresent[ing] the nature of the

Claimants [sic] in an attempt to raise claims settled in 2004,” id. at ¶ 31. For their part, the

Respondents argue the petition to vacate is untimely because it was not served on the

Respondents within three months of the entry of the arbitration award. Cross-Pet. at 16-17. The


       3
           FINRA, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, is the successor to the NASD.
                                               3
Respondents further assert that the Petitioner is barred from raising the arguments in his motion

to vacate as defenses to the cross-petition to confirm the award, and that the purported errors

identified by the Petitioner are not grounds for vacating the award. Resp’ts’ Reply at 5-7.

       B.      Statutory Framework

       The Federal Arbitration Action provides that “[n]otice of a motion to vacate, modify, or

correct an award must be served upon the adverse party or his attorney within three months after

the award is filed or delivered.” 9 U.S.C. § 12. The Court may vacate an award where: (1) the

award was “procured by corruption, fraud, or undue means”; (2) “there was evident partiality or

corruption in the arbitrators, or either of them”; (3) the arbitrators were guilty of misconduct or

misbehavior “by which the rights of any party have been prejudiced”; or (4) “the arbitrators

exceeded their powers, or so imperfectly executed them that a mutual, final, and definite award

upon the subject matter submitted was not made.” Id. at § 10(a)(1)-(4). “[A]t any time within

one year after the award is made any party to the arbitration may apply to the court so specified

for an order confirming the award.” Id. at § 9. The Court “must grant such an order unless the

award is vacated, modified, or corrected as prescribed in [9 U.S.C. §§ 10-11].” Id.

                                        II. DISCUSSION

       Despite the number of issues raised by the Petitioner, the Court need only address two

points in resolving the parties’ petitions. First, the petition to vacate is untimely because it was

not served on the Respondents within three months as required by the plain text of the Federal

Arbitration Act. Second, because his petition to vacate is untimely, the Petitioner cannot assert

the cited grounds for vacatur in opposition to the Respondents’ cross-petition to confirm the

award. Absent any statutory basis to deny the cross-petition, the Court shall confirm the award.



                                                 4
       A.      The Petition to Vacate the Arbitration Award Is Untimely

       Pursuant to the Federal Arbitration Act, the Petitioner was required to serve notice of his

petition to vacate on the Respondents “within three months” after the award was “filed or

delivered.” 9 U.S.C. § 12. The FINRA Dispute Resolution Award was filed on February 16,

2012, but the Petitioner did not serve the Respondents until July 20, 2012, over five months later.

The Petitioner contends that “a petition to vacate an arbitration award is timely if filed within

three months of the delivery of the award,” and “[h]ere there is no question that the petition was

filed within three months from the delivery of the award.” Pet’r’s Reply at 10-11 (emphasis

added). This argument is meritless.

       First, it is not clear that the petition to vacate was even filed within the three month

statute of limitations insofar as the award was delivered on February 16, 2012, but the petition

was not filed until May 17, 2012. Admittedly, the date on which the Petitioner actually received

the mailed copy of the arbitration award is considered the date of delivery for purposes of 9

U.S.C. § 12. Sargent v. Paine Webber Jackson & Curtis, Inc., 882 F.2d 529, 531 (D.C. Cir.

1989). However, the Petitioner failed to identify the date on which he received the arbitration

award, thus the Court can only look to the undisputed date of filing to determine the timeliness of

service of notice of the petition to vacate.

       Second and most importantly, the plain text of the statute requires service of notice of a

motion to vacate rather than mere filing within the three month time limit, and, as the D.C.

Circuit has explicitly held, the Court has no authority to extend the statutory deadline for service.

Argentine Republic v. National Grid PLC, 637 F.3d 365, 368-69 (D.C. Cir. 2011). Here, the

Petitioner did not serve the Respondents with notice of his petition until over five months after

the arbitration award was filed. Even assuming a reasonable period of delay between mailing of

                                                 5
the award and receipt by the Petitioner, the service of notice in this case would still be untimely.

“Absent any evidence whatsoever of timely service of notice,” the Court shall dismiss the

petition to vacate.4 Id. at 369.

       B.      Petitioner Cannot Raise Arguments in Favor of Vacatur in Opposition to the
               Cross-Petition to Confirm

       The Petitioner suggests that “[e]ven if the Court were to determine the petition was not

timely, petitioner is still free to present his argument against confirmation in opposition” to the

cross-petition. Pet’r’s Reply at 11. “A confirmation proceeding under 9 U.S.C. § 9 is intended

to be summary: confirmation can only be denied if an award has been corrected, vacated, or

modified in accordance with the Federal Arbitration Act.” Taylor v. Nelson, 788 F.2d 220, 225

(4th Cir. 1986). Accordingly, at least five Circuits have held that if a party fails to file a timely

motion to vacate, that party is precluded from raising purported grounds for vacating the award

under 9 U.S.C. § 10 in opposing a motion to confirm the award. Florasynth, Inc. v. Pickholz,

750 F.2d 171, 175 (2d Cir. 1984) (“[A] party may not raise a motion to vacate, modify, or correct

an arbitration award after the three month period has run, even when raised as a defense to a

motion to confirm.”); accord Domino Grp., Inc. v. Charlie Parker Mem’l Found., 985 F.2d 417,

419-20 (8th Cir. 1993); Cullen v. Paine, Webber, Jackson & Curtis, Inc., 863 F.2d 851, 854

(11th Cir. 1989); Prof’l Adm’rs Ltd. v. Kopper-Glo Fuel, Inc., 819 F.2d 639, 642 (6th Cir. 1987);

Taylor, 788 F.2d at 225; see also Chauffeurs, Teamsters, Warehouse-men & Helpers, Local


       4
           The Court is bound by the D.C. Circuit’s holding in Argentine Republic, but even
absent that precedent, the cases cited by the Petitioner offer no support for ignoring the plain text
of the statute. Fradella v. Petricca, 183 F.3d 17, 19-21 (1st Cir. 1999) (finding deadline in 9
U.S.C. § 12 was not tolled by application to modify the award or under the doctrine of equitable
tolling). Harry Hoffman Printing, Inc. v. Graphic Commc’ns, Int’l Union, Local 261, 912 F.2d
608, 611-12 (2d Cir. 1990) (finding the statute of limitations in 9 U.S.C. § 12 did not govern the
dispute brought under the Labor Management Relations Act).

                                                 6
Union No. 135, 628 F.2d 1023, 1026 (7th Cir. 1980).

       The D.C. Circuit has not squarely addressed this issue, but other courts in this district

have recognized that “courts have uniformly held that a party who fails to make a timely motion

to vacate an arbitration award is barred from raising affirmative defenses in a suit to enforce the

award.” Sheet Metals Workers Nat’l Pension Fund v. Metals & Machining Fabricators, Inc.,

622 F. Supp. 116, 118 (D.D.C. 1985); see also Int’l Technologies Integration, Inc. v. Palestine

Liberation Org., 66 F. Supp. 2d 3, 14 (D.D.C. 1999). “Any other result would do violence to the

underlying purposes of arbitration in general and the FAA.” Palestine Liberation Org., 66 F.

Supp. 2d at 14.

       The Petitioner does not even attempt to distinguish this immense body of case law, and

instead rests his argument on an out-of-context quotation from the D.C. Circuit’s decision in

Argentine Republic. Argentina asserted that the district court erred by granting the respondent’s

cross-motion to confirm the award “without giving Argentina the opportunity to raise defenses

afforded to it by the Convention,” referring to the Convention on the Recognition and

Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, 9 U.S.C. § 201 et seq. 637 F.3d at 369. The court

rejected this argument, explaining

       Confirmation proceedings under the Convention are summary in nature, and the
       court must grant the confirmation unless it finds that the arbitration suffers from
       one of the defects listed in the Convention. Because Argentina made no attempt
       to raise those defects in the district court, we affirm the grant of National Grid's
       cross-motion for recognition of the arbitral award.

Id. (citation omitted); see 9 U.S.C. § 207 (“The court shall confirm the award unless it finds one

of the grounds for refusal or deferral of recognition or enforcement of the award specified in the

said Convention.”). The Convention provides that “[r]ecognition and enforcement of the award

may be refused, at the request of the party against whom it is invoked” if that party proves (1) the

                                                 7
contract containing the arbitration clause does not apply to that party; (2) the party was not given

proper notice of the arbitration proceedings or the arbitration was procedurally defective; (3) the

award exceeds the scope of the issues submitted for arbitration; (4) the award is not final or has

been vacated; (5) the matter at issue is not subject to arbitration in under the laws of the country

in which confirmation is sought; or (6) recognition of the award would be contrary to public

policy in the country in which confirmation is sought. 21 U.S.T. 2517, art. V.

       The extensive grounds for denying confirmation under the Conventions stands in stark

contrast to the summary confirmation provided by the Federal Arbitration Act. The Convention

explicitly permits the party opposing confirmation to raise issues like those asserted by the

Petitioner, but the Federal Arbitration Act simply does not. The D.C. Circuit’s holding in

Argentine Republic simply reflects the comprehensive and substantive nature of confirmation

proceedings under the Convention, but does not address the summary procedures for

confirmation of awards set forth in the Federal Arbitration Act. Therefore, for the reasons

articulated by the Circuit decisions cited supra and in the Palestine Liberation Organization

decision, the Court finds that because the Petitioner failed to file a timely motion to vacate, he is

barred from raising the arguments articulated in his petition—or any other grounds the Petitioner

might assert in support of vacating the award—as defenses to the Respondents’ cross-petition to

confirm the award.

       C.      The Arbitration Award Must Be Confirmed

       The Respondents filed their cross-petition to confirm the award on August 6, 2012, well

within the one year statute of limitations. Apart from the arguments in support of his petition to

vacate, the Petitioner fails to identify any grounds on which to deny confirmation. The award

has not been vacated, modified, or corrected, therefore the Court shall grant the cross-petition

                                                 8
and confirm the award. 9 U.S.C. § 9.

                                       III. CONCLUSION

       By statute, the Petitioner was required to serve notice of his petition to vacate the

arbitration award at issue within three months of the filing of the award. The Petitioner failed to

serve the Respondents with notice of the petition to vacate until over five months after the award

was filed, therefore the Court shall dismiss the petition to vacate as untimely. Furthermore, the

Court adopts the rule utilized by at least five other Circuits and previously endorsed in this

district, which precludes the Petitioner from raising arguments in support of vacating the award

as affirmative defenses to the Respondents’ cross-petition to confirm the award. Ultimately,

because the award has not been vacated, modified, or corrected, the Court shall grant the

Respondents’ cross-petition and confirm the award.

       An appropriate Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.


                                                        /s/
                                                     COLLEEN KOLLAR-KOTELLY
                                                     UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE




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