                         COURT OF APPEALS
                          SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS
                               FORT WORTH

                              NO. 02-14-00102-CV


IN THE INTEREST OF S.D., A CHILD



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          FROM THE 325TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY
                    TRIAL COURT NO. 325-550977-14

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                         MEMORANDUM OPINION1

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      After the same-sex relationship between Appellant S.L.D. and Appellee

S.M.D. ended, S.L.D. filed suit seeking joint managing conservatorship of S.D., a

child born to S.M.D. through artificial insemination during the relationship. S.L.D.

based her claim to standing on family code section 102.003(a)(9), which provides

that “a person, other than a foster parent, who has had actual care, control, and

possession of the child for at least six months ending not more than 90 days


      1
       See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
preceding the date of the filing of the petition,” has standing to bring a suit

affecting the parent-child relationship. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 102.003(a)(9)

(West 2014). 2 The trial court granted S.M.D.’s motion to dismiss the suit for lack

of standing.3

      In a single issue, S.L.D. appeals the trial court’s order, arguing, among

other things, that section 102.003(a)(9) does not require a person to have

exclusive care, control, or possession of the child to have standing. 4        We

disagree.

      We held in M.J.G. that grandparents lacked standing to intervene in their

daughter and son-in-law’s divorce proceedings to seek custody of their

grandchildren under section 102.003(a)(9) when, at all times that the children

      2
        In computing the time necessary for standing under subsection (a)(9), the
court shall consider the child’s principal residence during the relevant time
preceding the date of commencement of the suit. Tex. Fam. Code Ann.
§ 102.003(b). “Principal residence” is a fixed place of abode within the party’s
possession, occupied or intended to be occupied consistently over a substantial
period of time, and which is permanent rather than temporary. In re Kelso, 266
S.W.3d 586, 590 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2008, orig. proceeding). The parties
and the child lived together in the same home until around a month before S.L.D.
filed suit.
      3
       Standing is a constitutional prerequisite to maintaining a suit under Texas
law. See Tex. Ass’n of Bus. v. Tex. Air Control Bd., 852 S.W.2d 440, 444 (Tex.
1993); In re M.J.G., 248 S.W.3d 753, 762–63 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2008, no
pet.).
      4
       S.L.D. also argues that section 102.003(a)(9) contains no requirement
that the biological parent must be unfit or must abdicate her parental
responsibilities before a nonparent under section 102.003(a)(9) can attain
standing. Based on our resolution here, we do not reach these sub-issues. See
Tex. R. App. P. 47.1.

                                        2
lived with the grandparents, the children’s mother also lived there. 248 S.W.3d at

756–58. The children stayed alone with their grandparents only occasionally or

temporarily while their mother was at work. Id. Despite the grandparents’ having

performed day-to-day caretaking duties for the children, there was no evidence

that the mother did not also care for the children or that she had abdicated her

parental duties and responsibilities to the grandparents; therefore, we concluded

that the grandparents did not have “actual care, custody, and control” under

section 102.003(a)(9). Id. at 758–59; see also In re E.C., No. 02-13-00413-CV,

2014 WL 3891641, at *2 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Aug. 7, 2014, no pet.)(mem.

op.) (holding that grandparents lacked standing under section 102.003(a)(9)

because they only had exclusive possession of the child for five and a half

months before filing suit). Likewise, in Kelso, we held that the grandparents did

not establish standing under section 102.003(a)(9) because they did not show

that they had actual care, control, and possession of the child when the record

reflected that the child’s mother controlled where the child would stay and for

how long and that the grandparents did not have such control. 266 S.W.3d at

591.

       The record does not reflect that S.M.D. ever relinquished or abdicated

permanent care, control, and possession of S.D. to S.L.D.5       Accordingly, we


       5
       S.L.D. testified that she was the parties’ sole provider when S.M.D. was a
stay-at-home mother and that she would get up with S.M.D. when S.D. woke up
crying at night; S.L.D. also changed diapers, bought clothing for the child, had
S.D. “[a] lot of times” during the day when not at work, and helped S.M.D. with
                                        3
conclude that S.L.D. failed to establish the actual care, control, and possession

necessary to establish standing in this case.6 See E.C., 2014 WL 3891641, at

*2; Kelso, 266 S.W.3d at 591; M.J.G., 248 S.W.3d at 756–59.          We overrule

S.L.D.’s sole issue and affirm the trial court’s judgment.



                                                    PER CURIAM


PANEL: MCCOY,WALKER and GABRIEL, JJ.

GABRIEL, J., concurs without opinion.

DELIVERED: December 11, 2014

day-to-day child-raising, but she did not take care of S.D. by herself for any
extended period of time. S.L.D. said that she and S.M.D. had had plans for
S.L.D. to legally adopt S.D.

      S.M.D. testified that there was never a time when she asked S.L.D. to take
care of the child because S.M.D. was unable to do so and never a time when she
gave S.L.D. the child and let her make important decisions about the child’s life.
There is no evidence that S.M.D. failed to care for the child or abdicated her
parental duties and responsibilities to S.L.D.
      6
       While other courts of appeals might have reached the opposite conclusion
on the same or similar facts, see, e.g., In re B.A.G., No. 11-11-00354-CV, 2013
WL 364240, at *6, *9–10 (Tex. App.—Eastland Jan. 31, 2013, no pet.) (mem.
op.); Jasek v. Tex. Dep’t of Family & Protective Servs., 348 S.W.3d 523, 526
(Tex. App.—Austin 2011, no pet.); In re M.K.S.-V., 301 S.W.3d 460, 461–62
(Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, pet. denied) (op. on reh’g), we are not bound by the
decisions of our sister courts. Cf. In re I.I.G.T., 412 S.W.3d 803, 807–09 (Tex.
App.—Dallas 2013, no pet.) (holding nonparent lacked standing under section
102.003(a)(9) when there was no court order for his possession of the child
before he filed suit and no equivalent contractual possession schedule and the
evidence conflicted on whether the parties had an agreement for his regular
possession of the child and whether the child’s residing with nonparent was
intended to be a permanent arrangement).

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