                       In The
                 Court of Appeals
   Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
           ______________________________

                 No. 06-11-00067-CV
           ______________________________



IN THE MATTER OF THE MARRIAGE OF ANTONIA N. BARNES
       AND ROBERT H. WOODS, SR., AND IN THE
          INTEREST OF R.H.W., JR., A CHILD




      On Appeal from the 307th Judicial District Court
                   Gregg County, Texas
             Trial Court No. 2009-1900-DR




        Before Morriss, C.J., Carter and Moseley, JJ.
          Memorandum Opinion by Justice Carter
                                           MEMORANDUM OPINION

            This appeal is brought by Robert H. Woods, Sr., pro se, as a result of various alleged

inequities resulting in a decree of divorce Woods claims is tainted by, among other things,

unprofessional conduct by the court-appointed amicus attorney 1 for the parties’ minor child.

Woods asks this Court to remand this case to the trial court for further hearing.

            Woods initially alleges that the hearing on temporary orders was ―so greatly flawed,‖ all

that followed was tainted. Woods does not cite portions of the hearing which were allegedly

subject to error; rather, he claims that the entire hearing was flawed because the amicus attorney

for the parties’ minor child alleged Woods violated the parties’ Rule 11 agreement.2

            The parties entered into a Rule 11 agreement on December 16, 2010. The agreement set

forth Woods’ visitation rights with his minor son, 3 confirmed the amount of child support

arrearage, dismissed any contempt of court claims by Antonia N. Barnes, the mother of the parties’

minor child, and established a monthly child support payment. In addition, the agreement

provided that Woods would not engage in video recording his child except on special occasions




1
    See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 107.021(A)(1) (West 2008).
2
 The appeal is from the final divorce judgment, but Woods appears to allege that events occurring at the temporary
hearing were so prejudicial that ―all that followed‖ involved ―prejudice of the Court.‖ For that reason, we will
discuss the complaints regarding how the temporary hearing allegedly revealed such prejudice toward him that it
resulted in an improper or erroneous final judgment.
3
    The agreement stated that Woods was to have no overnight visits with his son.


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and that he would not attend Boy Scout meetings unless the minor child invited him to do so.4

        At the hearing on temporary orders, the amicus attorney questioned Woods regarding his

attendance at a scouting camp out with his child in December 2010, and video recording events

while there. Woods claimed he did not violate the agreement because his son invited him to go on

the trip, although he admitted to video recording his son while on the trip.

        Woods expressed his opinion that his son thinks of amicus counsel like an aunt and is

influenced by what she tells him and by what his mother tells him.

        Also at this same hearing, the trial court visited with the minor child and reported the

child’s wishes to the parties. The trial court expressed the opinion that the child was not

manipulated, and because the child had a strong personality, did not think he could be

manipulated.

        At the conclusion of the hearing on temporary orders, the trial court modified the existing

temporary orders to provide that Woods may not video record his minor child except on birthdays

and Easter, with no overnight stays at Woods’ residence. Further, the parties were not to discuss

the divorce proceedings and custody issues with their minor child.

        Woods was represented by counsel at the hearing on temporary orders and was permitted

to testify and to offer evidence with regard to all issues. We find no merit in the allegation that the

temporary hearing was conducted in such a way that tainted the rights of Woods.

4
 The Rule 11 agreement also provided that Woods was to provide Barnes access to bank accounts at Texas Bank &
Trust and Auction Bank by December 31, 2010.


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           Woods next alleges the trial court disallowed testimony Woods sought to offer, which was

expected to contradict claims of the amicus attorney. Woods also complains that the court

refused to hear evidence ―contradicting his prejudice against the respondent.‖                  Woods fails to

identify the allegedly disallowed testimony, and fails to articulate which claims of the amicus

attorney such testimony was expected to contradict.

           A pro se litigant is held to the same standards that apply to a licensed attorney5 and must

properly present his or her case on appeal, as the pro se litigant is required to do at the trial court.

Strange v. Continental Cas. Co., 126 S.W.3d 676, 678 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, pet. denied).

Otherwise, pro se litigants would be given an unfair advantage over those parties represented by

counsel. Greenstreet v. Heiskel, 940 S.W.2d 831, 835 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 1997, no writ).

Therefore, we cannot make allowances just because a litigant is not an attorney. Foster v.

Williams, 74 S.W.3d 200, 202 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2002, pet. denied).

           The Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure control the required contents and organization for

an appellant’s brief. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38. One of those requirements is that an appellant’s

brief must concisely state all issues or points presented for review. TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(e). An

issue presented in an appellant’s brief is sufficient if it directs the court’s attention to the error

about which the complaint is made.                 Bankhead v. Maddox, 135 S.W.3d 162, 163 (Tex.

App.—Tyler 2004, no pet.). An appellant’s brief must also contain a clear and concise argument

containing appropriate citations to authority and to the record. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i).
5
    Weaver v. E-Z Mart Stores, Inc., 942 S.W.2d 167, 169 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 1997, no writ).

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Conclusory statements, unsupported by legal citations, do not satisfy the rule. Sweed v. City of El

Paso, 195 S.W.3d 784, 786 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2006, no pet.). The failure to cite legal authority

or to provide substantive analysis of an issue waives the complaint. Martinez v. El Paso County,

218 S.W.3d 841, 844 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2007, pet. struck). Because Woods’ complaint

regarding exclusion of certain evidence is based solely on bare assertions, he has waived any such

complaint.

        Next, Woods maintains the trial court joined the amicus attorney in the case against him

and empowered her alleged malicious prosecution and alleged professional misconduct. Our

review of the record indicates the amicus attorney represented her client in a professional manner

and did nothing which could be construed to reflect poorly on her professional integrity. Under

the direction of the trial court, both hearings (on temporary orders and the final hearing for

divorce) were conducted professionally, fairly, and impartially.

        Woods next complains that the trial court, in determining visitation issues, placed

―overwhelming weight‖ on the court’s interviews with the child.6 A trial court’s decision on

custody, control, possession, and visitation matters are reviewed for an abuse of discretion, and we

reverse the trial court’s order only if we determine, from reviewing the record as a whole, that the

trial court abused its discretion.             Patterson v. Brist, 236 S.W.3d 238, 239–40 (Tex.

6
 The Texas Family Code accords the trial court the option—and in some instances, the duty—to interview a child to
determine the child’s wishes regarding any issue in the suit affecting the parent-child relationship. TEX. FAM. CODE
ANN. § 153.009 (West 2008). The trial court interviewed the child on two separate occasions. With permission of
the child, the trial court explained to the parties the result of the interview. Woods objects that the trial court
overemphasized the desires of the child.

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App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006, no pet.). We indulge every legal presumption in favor of the

trial court’s judgment and view the evidence in the light most favorable to that judgment. Id. at

240. The determination of conservatorship issues regarding a minor child is guided by the best

interest of the child and is intensely fact-driven. In re Marriage of Jeffries, 144 S.W.3d 636, 639

(Tex. App.—Texarkana 2004, no pet.).

          Here, in addition to the child’s desires, as expressed to the trial court, there is evidence that

(1) Woods was mentally and verbally abusive to his wife and child during the marriage, (2) the

child is anxious and stressed about spending time with his father, (3) Woods has anger problems,

and (4) Barnes is an excellent mother. Our review of the record indicates the trial judge properly

considered the evidence and made a judgment based on that evidence. That is what trial judges

must do. We find the trial judge did not abuse his discretion with regard to the conservatorship

issues.

          Woods generally maintains that the amicus attorney unduly influenced the child as

evidenced by the child’s conflicting points of view, inasmuch as the child’s life experiences

allegedly contradict his words. That is, Woods expresses concern that his child was in some way

manipulated by the amicus attorney to indicate that he did not want overnight stays with his father

and that he did not want his father to attend scouting camp outs with him, when, in reality, the child

enjoys spending time with his father. Woods fails to point to evidence of undue influence or

coercion, other than his own experiences with the child, which he claims are good. The trial



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judge, having been made aware of this issue, expressed his viewpoint:

       First and foremost, you two are very fortunate; he is a very bright, articulate, strong
       personality child. I enjoyed the visit. . . . He is articulate and easy . . . to talk to;
       and I really enjoyed it. . . . I did not sense any kind of manipulations. I don’t
       think you could manipulate this boy. He just has that strong personality that I just
       don’t think that that would be possible for mother or grandparents or anybody to
       put thoughts in this boy’s head.

               ....

       I don’t believe that he is being directed. I don’t believe that this young man is
       capable of being directed or controlled with what he’s supposed to discuss or not.
       I believe he’s speaking from his heart and telling me what he thinks - - he’s just
       telling me as he sees it.

The record does not support Woods’ assertion that the child was influenced—by the amicus

attorney or anyone else—in the desires he expressed to the court.

       We affirm the judgment of the trial court.



                                                               Jack Carter
                                                               Justice

Date Submitted:        March 19, 2012
Date Decided:          March 20, 2012




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