                                             COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


              Present: Judges Humphreys, Petty and Decker
UNPUBLISHED


              Argued at Richmond, Virginia


              CHASE ADAM MARSH
                                                                            MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY
              v.     Record No. 1568-13-2                                  JUDGE ROBERT J. HUMPHREYS
                                                                                 MARCH 10, 2015
              COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA


                                   FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF CAROLINE COUNTY
                                           J. Howe Brown, Jr., Judge Designate

                               John L. Mahoney for appellant.

                               Katherine Q. Adelfio, Assistant Attorney General (Mark R. Herring,
                               Attorney General; Victoria Johnson, Assistant Attorney General, on
                               brief), for appellee.


                     Chase Adam Marsh (“Marsh”) appeals to this Court the final judgment entered by the

              Circuit Court for the County of Caroline (the “trial court”) upon his convictions for forced oral

              sodomy, forced anal sodomy, and abduction with intent to defile.1 Marsh’s single assignment of

              error states, “The trial court erred in denying appellant’s motion on the jury verdict as being

              inconsistent with the law and the evidence (sufficiency of the evidence).2” The Commonwealth



                     *
                         Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
                     1
                       Marsh concedes in his brief that he “has precious little to argue with respect to the
              convictions of forced oral sodomy and forced anal sodomy.” Further, because counsel for Marsh
              withdrew his appeal as it relates to these two convictions at oral argument, we need not consider
              the arguments he made on brief.
                     2
                        Rule 5A:12(c)(1)(ii) states that “an assignment of error which . . . merely states that he
              judgment or award is contrary to the law and the evidence is not sufficient. If the assignments of
              error are insufficient or otherwise fail to comply with the requirements of this Rule, the petition
              for appeal shall be dismissed.” However, Rule 5A:12 applies only to the petition stage of appeal.
              See Calloway v. Commonwealth, 62 Va. App. 253, 258, 746 S.E.2d 72, 74 (2013).
argues that Marsh’s appeal is procedurally defaulted pursuant to Rule 5A:18. We agree.

Specifically, Rule 5A:18 states:

               No ruling of the trial court . . . will be considered as a basis for
               reversal unless an objection was stated with reasonable certainty at
               the time of the ruling, except for good cause shown or to enable the
               Court of Appeals to attain the ends of justice. A mere statement
               that the judgment or award is contrary to the law and the evidence
               is not sufficient to preserve the issue for appellate review.

       “The main purpose of requiring timely specific objections is to afford the trial court an

opportunity to rule intelligently on the issues presented, thus avoiding unnecessary appeals and

reversals. In addition, a specific, contemporaneous objection gives the opposing party the

opportunity to meet the objection at that stage of the proceeding.” Weidman v. Babcock, 241

Va. 40, 44, 400 S.E.2d 164, 167 (1991). “A general argument or abstract reference to the law is

not sufficient to preserve an issue.” Edwards v. Commonwealth, 41 Va. App. 752, 760, 589

S.E.2d 444, 448 (2003) (en banc).

       In this case, when the jury returned with its verdict following the one-day trial, counsel

for Marsh stated, “Judge, I’d just move that the verdict is contrary to the law and evidence.” The

trial court responded, “Okay. I deny that motion.” Marsh attempted to renew his motion to set

aside the verdict after the jury fixed Marsh’s punishment the next day stating, “Judge, for the

record, I’d like to renew all my motions and objections.” In response, the trial court stated, “All

right. All your motions are denied. And we’ll order a presentence report.” At the sentencing

hearing on July 23, 2013, Marsh again renewed his motion to set aside the verdict, arguing:

               I do not believe that the Commonwealth’s evidence rose to the
               point where it was sufficient to rebut the reasonable hypothesis of
               innocence which the jury was instructed to pay close attention to.

                                *    *     *     *     *     *    *

               I don’t think that the evidence in this case rose to the quality
               necessary to convince or that the law requires to convict the
               defendant of abduction. Both men were contained in one cell.
                                                -2-
                There was certainly no signs of any significant force whatsoever.
                There was one mark in the roof of the [victim’s] mouth, but the
                Court will recall that it was his statement that he agreed and sucked
                the defendant’s penis so things would go smoother and that could
                be the cause of that particular mark. So, I don’t see that there is
                force necessary here in this particular case to support that
                conviction.

(Emphasis added). While Marsh did reference that there were no signs of “significant force

whatsoever” and that there was not “force necessary here” to support the abduction conviction,

these statements do not specify the legal theory upon which Marsh now bases his appeal. On

brief, Marsh relies on the “incidental detention doctrine” established in Brown v.

Commonwealth, 230 Va. 310, 337 S.E.2d 711 (1985), to argue that a conviction for abduction

with intent to defile requires proof that a defendant’s acts of detention and restraint of the victim

were greater than necessary to accomplish forcible sodomy of the victim. Accordingly, Marsh’s

vague and generalized references to the law did not afford the trial court an opportunity to

intelligently rule on Marsh’s objection and were thus insufficient to preserve the issue for appeal.

        Notably, Marsh did not raise the “good cause” or “ends of justice” exception to Rule

5A:18 in his original brief to this Court. However, Marsh did raise this exception in his reply

brief, arguing that “the error is clear, substantial and material and the record shows that a

miscarriage of justice has occurred. The lack of evidence shows good cause to apply the

exception.” Rule 5A:18 permits this Court to “overlook the appellant’s failure to preserve the

issue and consider the merits of his argument for the first time on appeal if the ends of justice so

demand.” Brittle v. Commonwealth, 54 Va. App. 505, 512-13, 680 S.E.2d 335, 339 (2009).

Nonetheless, “the ends of justice exception is narrow and is to be used sparingly.” Redman v.

Commonwealth, 25 Va. App. 215, 220, 487 S.E.2d 269, 272 (1997). This high standard is

essential to buttress the principle that “a litigant has the responsibility to afford a court the

opportunity to consider and correct a perceived error before such error is brought to the appellate

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court for review.” Williams v. Gloucester Sheriff’s Dep’t, 266 Va. 409, 411, 587 S.E.2d 546,

548 (2004) (citations omitted).

       In order to avail oneself of the exception, a defendant must affirmatively show that a

miscarriage of justice has occurred, not that a miscarriage might have occurred. Mounce v.

Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 433, 436, 357 S.E.2d 742, 744 (1987). The trial error must be

“clear, substantial and material.” Brown v. Commonwealth, 8 Va. App. 126, 132, 380 S.E.2d 8,

11 (1989). Further,

               an appellant must do more than show that the
               Commonwealth failed to prove an element or elements of the
               offense. . . . In order to show that a miscarriage of justice has
               occurred, an appellant must demonstrate more than that the
               Commonwealth failed to prove an element of the offense. . . .
               [T]he appellant must demonstrate that he or she was convicted for
               conduct that was not a criminal offense or the record must
               affirmatively prove that an element of the offense did not occur.

Redman, 25 Va. App. at 221, 487 S.E.2d at 272.

       Marsh is unable to make any affirmative showing that a miscarriage of justice has

occurred. His appeal rests solely on his argument that the evidence was insufficient to prove a

particular element of abduction with intent to defile. At no point has Marsh demonstrated that

the trial court erred, or that any such error was “clear, substantial, and material.” There is ample

evidence in the record to support a finding that each element of abduction with intent to defile

was established. Marsh failed to meet his burden to show that the “good cause” or “ends of

justice” exception to Rule 5A:18 should be applied. Because Marsh’s assignment of error is

procedurally barred pursuant to Rule 5A:18, we do not reach the merits of his argument and

therefore, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

                                                                                          Affirmed.




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