                                     In The
                                Court of Appeals
                       Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo

                                    No. 07-19-00290-CV


                    IN THE INTEREST OF B.C. AND A.B., CHILDREN

                           On Appeal from the 320th District Court
                                     Potter County, Texas
              Trial Court No. 91,445-D-FM, Honorable Carry A. Baker, Presiding

                                   September 26, 2019

                            MEMORANDUM OPINION
                      Before CAMPBELL and PIRTLE and PARKER, JJ.


       Mother1 attempts to appeal an order terminating her parental rights to her children,

B.C. and A.B. Because her notice of appeal was filed untimely, we dismiss the appeal

for want of jurisdiction.


                                       Background


       The Department of Family and Protective Services filed suit for protection and

conservatorship of the children and to terminate mother’s parental rights. The matter was



       1We do not identify the parties by name to protect the privacy of the children. TEX.
R. APP. P. 9.8(b)(2).
referred to an associate judge and a final hearing was held on May 13, 2019. Three days

later, on May 16, the parties were notified by email of the substance of the associate

judge’s report to the referring court. The associate judge signed a proposed order of

termination on June 11, 2019.


       On June 14, 2019, mother filed a request for de novo hearing before the referring

court. At the start of the de novo hearing on August 14, 2019, the Department objected

to the timeliness of mother’s de novo request. The referring court found that the request

was filed untimely, denied the request, and signed an “Order Adopting Associate Judge’s

Proposed Order.” Mother filed a notice of appeal that day.


                                          Analysis


       When a case is tried before an associate judge, the associate judge must provide

a written report to the referring court, including any proposed order, and provide the

parties notice of the substance of the report. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 201.011 (West 2014).

A party may request a de novo hearing before the referring court by filing a written request

not later than the third working day after the date the party receives notice of the

substance of the associate judge’s report. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §§ 201.2042(a) (West

2014), 201.015(a) (West Supp. 2018). If a request for a de novo hearing is not timely

filed in a child protection case, the proposed order of the associate judge becomes the

order of the referring court by operation of law without ratification by the referring court.

TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 201.2041(a) (West 2014).


       In this case, the record shows that mother received notice of the substance of the

associate judge’s report on May 16, 2019. In re K.R.M., No. 11-15-00032-CV, 2015 Tex.


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App. LEXIS 8821, *2 (Tex. App.—Eastland Aug. 21, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.) (finding

that appellant received notice of the substance of the associate judge’s report by email).

Accordingly, her request for de novo hearing was due within three working days, by May

21, 2019. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 201.015(a). Mother did not file a request for de novo

hearing until June 14, 2019. Because her request was untimely filed, the associate

judge’s proposed order signed on June 11, 2019, became the order of the referring court

by operation of law without ratification by the referring court. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.

§ 201.2041(a); In re L.G., 517 S.W.3d 275, 276-77 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2017, pet.

denied). And, the appellate timetables began to run from this date. Id.


      Mother’s notice of appeal was, therefore, due within twenty days after the

associate judge signed the order of termination, by July 1, 2019. TEX. R. APP. P. 26.1(b).

This deadline could have been extended to July 16, 2019, had mother filed a notice of

appeal and a motion for extension within the fifteen-day extension period. See TEX. R.

APP. P. 26.3; Verburgt v. Dorner, 959 S.W.2d 615, 617 (Tex. 1997). Mother did not file a

notice of appeal, however, until August 14, 2019.


      By letter of September 10, 2019, we notified the parties that the notice of appeal

appeared untimely and directed them to show how we have jurisdiction over the appeal.

In mother’s response, she argues that under section 201.016(b) “the date an order or

judgment by the referring court is signed is the controlling date for the purposes of

appeal,” except for certain circumstances not present here.        TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.

§ 201.016(b) (West Supp. 2018). Therefore, she claims, the appellate timetables did not

begin until the referring court signed the order of the termination on August 14, 2019.



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       In analyzing how sections 201.016 and 201.2041 apply in this case, our primary

goal is to ascertain and give effect to the Legislature’s intent. In re Canales, 52 S.W.3d

698, 702 (Tex. 2001). An appellate court must not interpret a statute in a manner that

renders any part meaningless or superfluous. See City of Marshall v. City of Uncertain,

206 S.W.3d 97, 105 (Tex. 2006). When a general statutory provision conflicts with a more

specific provision, the provisions must be construed so as to give effect to both. TEX.

GOV’T CODE ANN. § 311.026(a) (West 2013).


       Chapter 201 of the Family Code contains four subchapters governing associate

judges. While subchapter A applies generally to all family law matters referred to an

associate judge, subchapter B applies specifically to Title IV-D cases, subchapter C

applies to child protection cases, and subchapter D applies to juvenile cases. Under

section 201.016, found in subchapter A, the date the referring court signs a proposed

order is the controlling date for purposes of appeal, unless the proposed order is an

agreed order, a default order, or a final order where the parties have waived the right to

a de novo hearing. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §§ 201.016(b), (c); 201.007(a)(16) (West Supp.

2018). In the latter circumstances, the date the associate judge signs the proposed order

is the controlling date for purposes of appeal. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §§ 201.016(c).


       Subchapters B and C provide an additional controlling date for appellate deadlines

in Title IV-D and child protection cases. Under both subchapters, a proposed order

becomes the order of the court by operation of law without ratification if a party fails to

timely request a de novo hearing. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §§ 201.1041(a) (except for

proposed orders providing for enforcement by contempt or immediate incarceration of a

party in Title IV-D cases) (West 2014), 201.2041(a) (child protection cases). In such a

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case, the appellate timetables begin to run when the associate judge signs the proposed

order. In re A.M.F., No. 07-16-00046-CV, 2016 Tex. App. LEXIS 5118, at *1-2 (Tex.

App.—Amarillo May 12, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.).


       Because mother did not timely request a de novo hearing, the “controlling date for

purposes of appeal” was the date the associate judge signed the proposed order, June

11, 2019. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §§ 201.016, 201.2041(a). Mother did not file a notice of

appeal within twenty days of June 11, so her notice of appeal was untimely.


                                        Conclusion


       Mother’s untimely-filed notice of appeal failed to invoke this court’s jurisdiction.

TEX. R. APP. P. 26.1(b); Verburgt, 959 S.W.2d at 616.          Accordingly, the appeal is

dismissed for want of jurisdiction. TEX. R. APP. P. 42.3(a).


                                                        Per Curiam




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