          IN THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS OF WEST VIRGINIA


                                 September 2017 Term
                                                                    FILED
                                                              September 21, 2017
                                                                   released at 3:00 p.m.
                                                                 RORY L. PERRY, II CLERK
                                     No. 15-0702               SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                    OF WEST VIRGINIA




                         LAWYER DISCIPLINARY BOARD,
                                  Petitioner

                                          v.

                         DAVID A. DOWNES, a member of

                           The West Virginia State Bar,

                                  Respondent




                            Lawyer Disciplinary Proceeding

                                   No. 14-06-542


               SUSPENSION AND PROBATION WITH CONDITIONS



                            Submitted: September 13, 2017

                              Filed: September 21, 2017



Joanne M. Vella Kirby, Esq.                          David A. Downes, Esq.
Lawyer Disciplinary Counsel                          Front Royal, Virginia
Office of Disciplinary Counsel                       Pro se Respondent
Charleston, West Virginia
Attorney for Petitioner




CHIEF JUSTICE LOUGHRY delivered the Opinion of the Court.
                             SYLLABUS BY THE COURT


              1. “Pursuant to Rule 3.20 of the West Virginia Rules of Lawyer Disciplinary

Procedure, a final adjudication of professional misconduct in another jurisdiction

conclusively establishes the fact of such misconduct for purposes of reciprocal disciplinary

proceedings in this state.” Syl. Pt. 1, Lawyer Disciplinary Bd. v. Post, 219 W.Va. 82, 631

S.E.2d 921 (2006).



              2. “The provisions of Rule 3.20 of the West Virginia Rules of Lawyer

Disciplinary Procedure require the imposition of the identical sanction imposed by the

foreign jurisdiction unless one of the four grounds provided for challenging the discipline

imposed by a foreign jurisdiction is both asserted and established.” Syl. Pt. 4, Lawyer

Disciplinary Bd. v. Post, 219 W.Va. 82, 631 S.E.2d 921 (2006).



              3. “Rule 3.20 of the West Virginia Rules of Lawyer Disciplinary Procedure

imposes an affirmative duty on a lawyer to report the fact that he has been publicly

disciplined or has voluntarily surrendered his license to practice in a foreign jurisdiction.”

Syl. Pt. 2, Lawyer Disciplinary Bd. v. Post, 219 W.Va. 82, 631 S.E.2d 921 (2006).



              4.   “Aggravating factors in a lawyer disciplinary proceeding are any

considerations or factors that may justify an increase in the degree of discipline to be


                                              i
imposed.” Syl. Pt. 4, Lawyer Disciplinary Bd. v. Scott, 213 W.Va. 209, 579 S.E.2d 550

(2003).



              5. Pursuant to Rule 3.20(b) of the West Virginia Rules of Lawyer Disciplinary

Procedure, a member of The West Virginia State Bar, whether on active or inactive status,

shall notify the Office of Disciplinary Counsel of any form of public discipline imposed by

the authorities of another jurisdiction, or of the voluntary surrender of his or her license to

practice law in connection with disciplinary proceedings in another jurisdiction. A member’s

failure to comply with this rule shall constitute an aggravating factor in a reciprocal

disciplinary proceeding and may result in an increase in the sanction imposed by this Court.




                                              ii
LOUGHRY, Chief Justice:

              This lawyer disciplinary proceeding was initiated pursuant to Rule 3.20 of the

West Virginia Rules of Lawyer Disciplinary Procedure (“RLDP”), which directs this Court

to impose reciprocal professional discipline when a member of The West Virginia State Bar

is either sanctioned by a lawyer disciplinary authority in another jurisdiction or voluntarily

surrenders his or her law license issued by another jurisdiction in connection with a

disciplinary proceeding. On June 26, 2013, the Virginia State Bar Disciplinary Board issued

a public reprimand with probationary terms to the respondent herein, attorney David A.

Downes, for his negligent misappropriation of client funds and his failure to properly

maintain a client trust account in violation of Virginia Rule of Professional Conduct 1.15.

Furthermore, in connection with a lawyer disciplinary case initiated in the District of

Columbia (“D.C.”) based upon the same Virginia disciplinary matter, the respondent

consented to the annulment of his D.C. law license effective September 25, 2014.



              The facts surrounding the respondent’s misconduct and sanction in Virginia,

and the voluntary surrender of his law license in D.C., were undisputed during the reciprocal

disciplinary hearing held by a Hearing Panel Subcommittee of the West Virginia Lawyer

Disciplinary Board (“HPS”). In addition, the HPS found that the respondent failed to timely

report both the Virginia and the D.C. matters to the West Virginia Office of Disciplinary

Counsel (“ODC” or “West Virginia ODC”) as required by RLDP 3.20(b).                     Upon


                                              1

consideration of the record, the applicable law, and the arguments of the parties, we order

that the respondent be suspended from the practice of law in West Virginia for thirty days.

Upon completion of his suspension, the respondent shall be on probation with The West

Virginia State Bar for eighteen months, during which time he shall submit to random reviews

of his trust account records as described below. Finally, the respondent is ordered to pay the

costs of the trust account reviews and the costs of this disciplinary proceeding.



                         I. Factual and Procedural Background

              The respondent was admitted to The West Virginia State Bar in 1988. As

indicated above, he is also a member of the Virginia State Bar and, until the events set forth

herein, was a member of the D.C. Bar. The respondent testified that he is presently a solo

practitioner in Front Royal, Virginia, engaged primarily in criminal defense work. Because

this is a reciprocal matter originating with lawyer discipline imposed by the Virginia State

Bar Disciplinary Board, the HPS relied heavily upon the record created by the Virginia

disciplinary authorities to ascertain the following undisputed facts.1



              In 2006, the respondent represented a plaintiff, James Brown Sr., in a wrongful

death suit pertaining to the death of Mr. Brown’s minor son in a motor vehicle accident in



       1
        Records obtained from the disciplinary authorities in Virginia and D.C. were admitted
into evidence at the HPS hearing.

                                              2

Virginia.      The child was killed while riding in a car driven by his mother, the

defendant/alleged tortfeasor Samantha Grady. In October 2006, the respondent received an

insurance check for $15,000 in medical payments coverage made payable to himself and to

both of the deceased child’s parents, Mr. Brown and Ms. Grady. According to the

respondent, he instructed his paralegal not to deposit the check because he did not represent

the opposing party, Ms. Grady. Furthermore, he informed Mr. Brown that the check would

be returned to the insurance company for correction. Nonetheless, on October 11, 2006, the

$15,000 check was deposited into the respondent’s fiduciary account at BB&T bank without

any signatures for Mr. Brown or Ms. Grady. The respondent has testified that he was

unaware a member of his staff had deposited the check in contradiction to his instructions

and soon, thereafter, his representation of Mr. Brown ended.2



                 On May 7, 2007, the respondent closed his BB&T fiduciary account and

deposited the funds therein, which presumably included the $15,000 medical payments

benefits in the Brown case, into his law office operating account at Marathon Bank. On May

23, 2007, the respondent moved $44,816.66 from his operating account into his newly-

opened IOLTA trust account at First Citizens Bank.




       2
           Mr. Brown’s case was taken over by a different law firm.

                                              3

              On September 22, 2008, attorney Steven M. Levine, who was counsel for Ms.

Grady, wrote to the respondent inquiring about the medical payments check mailed almost

two years earlier. Not receiving an immediate response, Mr. Levine wrote additional letters

to the respondent on September 29, October 1, October 10, and October 17, 2008. The

Virginia State Bar Disciplinary Board has found that upon receiving Mr. Levine’s first letter,

the respondent promptly conducted an investigation. The respondent’s Quickbooks records

did not reflect a deposit of $15,000 in the months of October or November 2006, and there

were delays in obtaining records from BB&T regarding the closed fiduciary account. On

October 21, 2008, BB&T provided the respondent with a copy of a deposit slip showing the

$15,000 check had, in fact, been deposited into his account on October 11, 2006.



              The respondent has testified that before receiving Mr. Levine’s letters, he did

not know there was a problem regarding the medical payments check. On October 21, 2007,

which was the same day he received a copy of the deposit slip from BB&T, he wrote to Mr.

Levine and offered to immediately pay the $15,000. The next day, October 22, 2008, the

respondent delivered a $15,000 check to lawyer E. Eugene Gunter, counsel for the decedent

child’s estate.3 The reimbursement check was written on the respondent’s IOLTA trust

account at First Citizens Bank.



       3
       Mr. Gunter agreed to hold the medical payments money in trust until it could be
determined who was entitled to a share.

                                              4

              Meanwhile, Mr. Levine filed an ethics complaint with the Virginia State Bar.

During an April 22, 2010, interview conducted by a Virginia State Bar investigator, the

respondent admitted he did not know whether his accountant had performed quarterly

reconciliations of his fiduciary and law office operating accounts during the time period in

question, and he did not personally review any reconciliations. Furthermore, the investigator

noticed that the First Citizens IOLTA account had dropped below $15,000 on “numerous

occasions” between May 2007 and August 2008. Ultimately, in or about April 2013, the

Virginia Bar Counsel and the respondent stipulated to facts and to a violation of Rule 1.15

of the Virginia Rules of Professional Conduct. This rule requires a lawyer to, inter alia, hold

a client’s funds in an identifiable escrow bank account separate from the lawyer’s own funds;

promptly notify a client of the receipt of the client’s funds; maintain complete records of all

client funds; render appropriate accountings to the client; and promptly deliver funds to the

client. Id. With regard to the record-keeping requirements, the rule requires the lawyer to

maintain a journal listing all funds deposited into an escrow account, including the source

and the date deposited; a subsidiary ledger containing a separate statement of account for

each client; and records of reconciliations of the escrow account. Id.4




       4
        Virginia Rule of Professional Conduct 1.15 bears many similarities to West Virginia
Rule of Professional Conduct 1.15; both are based upon an American Bar Association model
rule.

                                              5

               The respondent and Virginia Bar Counsel also stipulated to mitigating and

aggravating factors to be considered for the purpose of ascertaining a sanction. The stipulated

mitigating factors were that the respondent cooperated fully with the investigation; made

prompt restitution; exhibited remorse; lacked any dishonest, selfish, or fraudulent motive;

had no training or prior experience in accounting and bookkeeping; and took remedial

measures during the ensuing six and one-half years including declining all personal injury

cases and personally reconciling his bank accounts without further incident. The agreed-

upon aggravating factors included the existence of a prior disciplinary record5 and substantial

experience in the practice of law. At an evidentiary hearing before the Virginia State Bar

Disciplinary Board, the respondent presented witnesses attesting to his good character and

skills as a lawyer, as well as the testimony of an accountant who explained the respondent’s

efforts to improve the record keeping in his office.



               After considering the stipulations and evidence presented, by order entered

June 26, 2013, the Virginia State Bar Disciplinary Board issued a “public reprimand with

terms” to the respondent. The specified terms were probationary: he was prohibited from

engaging in any further professional misconduct for a period of eighteen months; during the


       5
          The respondent’s previous lawyer discipline includes a public reprimand in West
Virginia for making a misrepresentation to a federal judge in 1992; a dismissal with terms,
i.e., a review of his trust account records, in Virginia that arose from an ethics complaint filed
in 1995 by opposing counsel in the respondent’s own divorce case; and two private
admonitions in Virginia.

                                                6

eighteen-month period, he was required to submit to a minimum of four and a maximum of

eight periodic, random reviews of his trust account records and reconciliations; and he was

required to pay all costs of those reviews. The order warned that if the respondent failed to

comply with these terms, he faced a suspension from the practice of law in Virginia. Finally,

the respondent was ordered to pay the costs of the Virginia disciplinary proceeding.



              Based upon the June 26, 2013, order of the Virginia State Bar Disciplinary

Board, the D.C. Office of Bar Counsel opened a lawyer disciplinary complaint in that

jurisdiction. On September 11, 2013, Joseph C. Perry, Assistant D.C. Bar Counsel, wrote

to the respondent asserting that even in cases of negligent misappropriation of client funds,

the District of Columbia Court of Appeals has specified that a period of suspension from the

practice of law is the appropriate sanction to be imposed. The respondent answered this

letter by arguing that application of the D.C. Bar’s rules should result in the imposition of the

same sanction as was imposed in Virginia. Subsequently, however, the respondent consented

to be disbarred in D.C. instead of continuing to defend the disciplinary case. In an affidavit

signed on August 27, 2014, the respondent acknowledged the truth of the material facts upon

which the allegations rested; acknowledged that in accordance with D.C. case law, he had

recklessly misappropriated funds entrusted to him in Mr. Brown’s case; and admitted he

could not successfully defend the allegations in D.C. Accepting the respondent’s affidavit,




                                               7

by order of September 25, 2014, the D.C. Court of Appeals disbarred the respondent from

the practice of law in that jurisdiction.



                 On October 7, 2014, the D.C. Office of Bar Counsel forwarded a certified copy

of the D.C. disbarment order to the West Virginia ODC. On October 29, 2014, Joanne M.

Vella Kirby, West Virginia Lawyer Disciplinary Counsel, wrote the respondent inquiring

whether he wished to consent to the annulment of his West Virginia law license pursuant to

our rules of reciprocal discipline. See RLDP 3.20.6 In a letter dated November 4, 2014, the


       6
           RLDP 3.20, effective January 1, 1995, provides as follows:

                         (a) A final adjudication in another jurisdiction, whether
                 state or federal, of misconduct constituting grounds for
                 discipline of a lawyer or a voluntary surrender of a license to
                 practice in connection with a disciplinary proceeding shall, for
                 the purposes of proceedings pursuant to these rules conclusively
                 establish such conduct. Accordingly, a Hearing Panel
                 Subcommittee may take action without conducting a formal
                 hearing.
                         (b) Any lawyer who is a member, active or inactive, of
                 The West Virginia State Bar against whom any form of public
                 discipline has been imposed by the authorities of another
                 jurisdiction, whether state or federal, or who voluntarily
                 surrenders his or her license to practice law in connection with
                 disciplinary proceedings in another jurisdiction, whether state or
                 federal, shall notify the Office of Disciplinary Counsel of such
                 action in writing within ten days thereof. Failure to notify the
                 Office of Disciplinary Counsel shall constitute an aggravating
                 factor in any subsequent disciplinary proceeding.
                         (c) Upon receiving notice that a lawyer who is a member,
                 active or inactive, has been publicly disciplined or has
                 voluntarily surrendered his or her license to practice law in

                                                 8

respondent informed the ODC that the D.C. matter was based entirely upon the Virginia

misconduct and discipline. He set forth the history of his office’s mishandling of the medical

payments check, and he asserted that he only consented to disbarment in D.C. because he did

not use that law license. He requested that as reciprocal discipline, this Court should impose

the same sanction that was imposed in Virginia.




              another jurisdiction, whether state or federal, Disciplinary
              Counsel shall, following an investigation pursuant to these rules,
              refer the matter to a Hearing Panel Subcommittee for
              appropriate action.
                      (d) If the lawyer intends to challenge the validity of the
              disciplinary order entered in the foreign jurisdiction with a
              disciplinary proceeding, the lawyer must request a formal
              hearing and file with the Office of Disciplinary Counsel a full
              copy of the record of the disciplinary proceedings which
              resulted in imposition of the disciplinary order or the voluntary
              surrender of a license to practice law.
                      (e) At the conclusion of proceedings brought under this
              section, the Hearing Panel Subcommittee shall refer the matter
              to the Supreme Court of Appeals with the recommendation that
              the same discipline be imposed as was imposed by the foreign
              jurisdiction unless it is determined by the Hearing Panel
              Subcommittee that (1) the procedure followed in the foreign
              jurisdiction did not comport with the requirements of due
              process of law; (2) the proof upon which the foreign jurisdiction
              based its determination of misconduct is so infirm that the
              Supreme Court of Appeals cannot, consistent with its duty,
              accept as final the determination of the foreign jurisdiction; (3)
              the imposition by the Supreme Court of Appeals of the same
              discipline imposed in the foreign jurisdiction would result in
              grave injustice; or (4) the misconduct proved warrants that a
              substantially different type of discipline be imposed by the
              Supreme Court of Appeals.

                                              9

              On July 21, 2015, the ODC moved the HPS to refer this matter to our Court

with a recommendation that the respondent be publically reprimanded in West Virginia.

Without holding a hearing, on October 26, 2015, the HPS filed a report recommending that

we issue a public reprimand. None of the probationary terms imposed by the Virginia State

Bar Disciplinary Board were included in the HPS’s recommendation. Moreover, the HPS

did not address why it declined to recommend the same disposition that occurred in D.C.

After reviewing the HPS’s October 26, 2015, report, this Court remanded the case for a

hearing to determine whether the respondent’s misconduct warranted the imposition of

different professional discipline.



              The HPS held an evidentiary hearing on July 22, 2016, where disciplinary

counsel and the HPS members questioned the respondent about the events set forth above.

The respondent acknowledged his responsibility for mishandling his trust account and the

Brown medical payments check, as well as his violation of Virginia Rule of Professional

Conduct 1.15. He testified, without any contradiction by the ODC, that he fully and

successfully complied with the probationary terms imposed by the Virginia State Bar

Disciplinary Board. Furthermore, the respondent explained that he only took Mr. Brown’s

case to preserve the statute of limitations, and not long after the check was deposited the case

was transferred to a law firm more experienced in wrongful death cases. The respondent also

testified that he was distracted during the relevant time period because the day after the check


                                              10

was deposited, his twin children were born and one child suffered medical complications.

Although he agreed to a voluntary disbarment in D.C., he explained that he did so in order

to avoid litigating about a law license he no longer wished to maintain. According to the

respondent’s testimony, he had not handled a case in D.C. for several years and did not enjoy

practicing law there. The respondent argued there was no indication the sanction in D.C.

would have been disbarment if he had proceeded to litigate the case. Finally, the respondent

explained his personal ties to West Virginia and expressed a desire to retain his law license

in this State.



                 The only disputed factual issue at the HPS evidentiary hearing was whether the

respondent complied with his duty pursuant to RLDP 3.20(b) to notify the West Virginia

ODC, in writing, within ten days of the imposition of the Virginia sanctions.7 During the

hearing, the respondent claimed that he had provided timely notice back in 2013, but he did

not have a copy of the notification and was unaware that notification was an issue in this

case. However, the ODC checked its records and found no such notice. After hearing the

evidence and considering proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law submitted by the




       7
        The respondent acknowledged that he did not provide the ODC with timely notice
of the surrender of his D.C. law license.

                                               11

ODC,8 the HPS found that the respondent did not timely report either the Virginia or the D.C.

matters to the ODC.



              The HPS filed a second report with this Court on January 17, 2017, this time

urging a harsher sanction than it had previously recommended. The HPS now suggests that

the respondent be suspended from the practice of law in West Virginia for a period of thirty

days. In addition, consistent with the probationary terms imposed in Virginia, the HPS

recommends that this Court require the respondent to undergo, over a period of eighteen

months, a minimum of four and a maximum of eight periodic, random reviews by the West

Virginia State Bar of his trust account records and reconciliations. Finally, the HPS

recommends that the respondent pay all costs incurred for those reviews, as well as the costs

of this disciplinary proceeding. To explain the increase in its recommended penalty, the HPS

noted that it was previously unaware of the respondent’s failure to report the two out-of-state

disciplinary matters. Thereafter, the ODC filed a statement of no objection to the HPS’s

second report.



              After reviewing the second report, we set this matter for briefing and oral

argument. In its brief, the ODC argues in support of the recommendations in the HPS’s



       8
         Although he was given the opportunity to provide the HPS with proposed findings
of fact, conclusions of law, and a recommended sanction, the respondent did not do so.

                                              12

second report. The respondent, in a written summary response, requests that any review of

his trust account records be limited to those of his West Virginia clients,9 but he makes no

other objection. The ODC presented oral argument on September 13, 2017,10 and this matter

is now ready for decision.



                                    II. Standard of Review

                 The respondent’s professional misconduct in Virginia has already been

conclusively proven. “Pursuant to Rule 3.20 of the West Virginia Rules of Lawyer

Disciplinary Procedure, a final adjudication of professional misconduct in another

jurisdiction conclusively establishes the fact of such misconduct for purposes of reciprocal

disciplinary proceedings in this state.” Syl. Pt. 1, Lawyer Disciplinary Bd. v. Post, 219

W.Va. 82, 631 S.E.2d 921 (2006). However, with regard to any new evidence or issues

addressed by the HPS, and on the question of the reciprocal sanction to impose, we apply the

following standards:

                        A de novo standard applies to a review of the
                 adjudicatory record made before the [Hearing Panel
                 Subcommittee of the Lawyer Disciplinary Board] as to questions
                 of law, questions of application of the law to the facts, and
                 questions of appropriate sanctions; this Court gives respectful

       9
        In his summary response dated June 1, 2017, the respondent “notes that he has
declined all representations in West Virginia Courts since these proceedings were initiated
in July of 2015 and does not currently have any clients involving West Virginia legal
matters.”
       10
            The respondent waived his right to participate in the oral argument.

                                               13

                 consideration to the [Subcommittee’s] recommendations while
                 ultimately exercising its own independent judgment. On the
                 other hand, substantial deference is given to the
                 [Subcommittee’s] findings of fact, unless such findings are not
                 supported by reliable, probative, and substantial evidence on the
                 whole record.

Syl. Pt. 3, Comm. on Legal Ethics v. McCorkle, 192 W.Va. 286, 452 S.E.2d 377 (1994).

While we respectfully consider the HPS’s recommendations on the sanction, “[t]his Court

is the final arbiter of legal ethics problems and must make the ultimate decisions about public

reprimands, suspensions or annulments of attorneys’ licenses to practice law.” Syl. Pt. 3,

Comm. on Legal Ethics of the W.Va. State Bar v. Blair, 174 W.Va. 494, 327 S.E.2d 671

(1984). With these standards in mind, we address the issues before us.



                                         III. Discussion

                 Pursuant to the Rules of Lawyer Disciplinary Procedure applicable to all

members of The West Virginia State Bar, this Court will impose reciprocal professional

discipline when a member receives “any form of public discipline . . . by the authorities of

another jurisdiction” or “voluntarily surrenders his or her license to practice law in

connection with disciplinary proceedings in another jurisdiction[.]” RLDP 3.20(b).11 As set

forth above, the adjudication of professional wrongdoing in another jurisdiction

“conclusively establishes the fact of such misconduct for purposes of” a reciprocal



       11
            See supra note 6.

                                                14

proceeding in West Virginia. Post, 219 W.Va. at 82, 631 S.E.2d at 921, syl. pt. 1, in part

(discussing RLDP 3.20).           Moreover, in reciprocal disciplinary cases, the HPS’s

recommendations to this Court are limited to the following:

                         At the conclusion of proceedings brought under this
                 section, the Hearing Panel Subcommittee shall refer the matter
                 to the Supreme Court of Appeals with the recommendation that
                 the same discipline be imposed as was imposed by the foreign
                 jurisdiction unless it is determined by the Hearing Panel
                 Subcommittee that (1) the procedure followed in the foreign
                 jurisdiction did not comport with the requirements of due
                 process of law; (2) the proof upon which the foreign jurisdiction
                 based its determination of misconduct is so infirm that the
                 Supreme Court of Appeals cannot, consistent with its duty,
                 accept as final the determination of the foreign jurisdiction; (3)
                 the imposition by the Supreme Court of Appeals of the same
                 discipline imposed in the foreign jurisdiction would result in
                 grave injustice; or (4) the misconduct proved warrants that a
                 substantially different type of discipline be imposed by the
                 Supreme Court of Appeals.

R.L.D.P. 3.20(e). “The provisions of Rule 3.20 . . . require the imposition of the identical

sanction imposed by the foreign jurisdiction unless one of the four grounds provided for

challenging the discipline imposed by a foreign jurisdiction is both asserted and established.”

Post, 219 W.Va. at 83, 631 S.E.2d at 922, syl. pt. 4, in part.



                 In this case, the respondent received public discipline in Virginia and he

voluntarily surrendered his law license in D.C. Pursuant to RLDP 3.20,12 each of those



       12
            See supra note 6.

                                                15

events triggers the initiation of reciprocal disciplinary action in our State. However, in its

second report, the HPS determined that under the specific facts and circumstances of this

case, the appropriate reciprocal discipline to be imposed by this Court should be based upon

the Virginia disposition, not the D.C. outcome. We agree. The respondent’s voluntary

disbarment in D.C., although a more severe outcome than in Virginia, was pursuant to a

charge based entirely upon the conduct committed and penalized in Virginia. Moreover,

there is no indication that D.C. authorities would have disbarred the respondent had the

matter been litigated to a conclusion; rather, in his September 11, 2013, letter, the D.C. Bar

Counsel advised the respondent he was facing a suspension for negligent misappropriation.

The record is clear that the respondent voluntarily surrendered his D.C. law license because

he saw no utility in undertaking the expense or effort toward maintaining that license.

Accordingly, after considering the respondent’s underlying misconduct and the reasons for

the surrender of his D.C. law license, we are convinced the respondent’s actions warrant a

substantially different disposition than occurred in D.C. See RLDP 3.20(e)(4).



              We next consider whether, pursuant to the provisions of RLDP 3.20 and Post,

our reciprocal sanction should be identical to that imposed in Virginia. There are no

challenges to the procedures followed, or to the quality and quantum of proof offered, in the

Virginia disciplinary proceeding. There is also no claim that imposing the same discipline

in West Virginia would result in a grave injustice. Moreover, the HPS concluded that the


                                             16

misconduct in Virginia, by itself, would not warrant a substantially different type of

discipline in this State. However, the HPS determined that the respondent committed related

misconduct in West Virginia that constitutes an aggravating factor and thus warrants a

substantially different sanction herein. Specifically, the HPS recommends a thirty-day

suspension, instead of the public reprimand imposed by the Virginia State Bar Disciplinary

Board, because the respondent failed to timely report both the Virginia and D.C. matters to

the West Virginia ODC. Pursuant to RLDP 3.20(b), he was required to notify the ODC of

each of those matters within ten days of issuance.13 This rule “imposes an affirmative duty

on a lawyer to report the fact that he has been publicly disciplined or has voluntarily

surrendered his license to practice in a foreign jurisdiction.” Post, 219 W.Va. at 82, 631

S.E.2d at 921, syl. pt. 2, in part.



                 The HPS’s finding that the respondent failed to abide by the reporting

requirement is supported by clear and convincing evidence. The record establishes that the

ODC’s knowledge originated from the D.C. Bar Counsel, not the respondent.               The

respondent even conceded that he failed to report the D.C. matter. However, during the HPS

hearing the respondent claimed, for the first time, that he had provided the ODC with timely

written notification of his Virginia sanction. The ODC has no record of any such report, and

the respondent has never produced a copy of this alleged correspondence. Moreover, when


       13
            See supra note 6.

                                            17

responding to the ODC’s inquiry in November of 2014, the respondent gave a detailed

explanation of the Virginia disciplinary case without ever mentioning a prior notification.

The tone of his November 4, 2014, letter suggests that the respondent was providing the

information to the West Virginia authorities for the very first time. This letter was written

approximately sixteen months beyond the ten-day mandatory reporting period. Finally, the

respondent failed to dispute or even discuss this HPS finding in the summary response he

filed with this Court.



              The failure to disclose public discipline imposed in another jurisdiction, and

the failure to disclose the voluntarily surrender of a law license in another jurisdiction in the

face of a disciplinary proceeding, are extremely serious matters. The mandatory reporting

requirement of RLDP 3.20(b) constitutes a fundamental tenant of the self-regulating legal

profession. If the ODC, Lawyer Disciplinary Board, and ultimately this Court are not

informed of such matters, we cannot act to protect the people of this State from potentially

unethical treatment at the hands of lawyers already proven to have committed professional

misconduct.     The mandatory reporting requirement serves to prevent lawyers from

sidestepping the disciplinary and remedial measures found necessary in other jurisdictions

by moving their law practices to West Virginia.




                                               18

              Rule 3.20(b) directs that the failure to timely report “shall constitute an

aggravating factor in any subsequent disciplinary proceeding.” Aggravating factors “are any

considerations or factors that may justify an increase in the degree of discipline to be

imposed.” Syl. Pt. 4, in part, Lawyer Disciplinary Bd. v. Scott, 213 W.Va. 209, 579 S.E.2d

550 (2003). Other jurisdictions have also recognized that failing to comply with a reporting

obligation is grounds for enhancing the sanction imposed in a reciprocal disciplinary action.

For example, Texas lawyer disciplinary authorities imposed professional discipline upon a

lawyer who was also licensed in Oklahoma; the lawyer failed to report the Texas discipline

to the Oklahoma Bar Association and then failed to participate in the Oklahoma reciprocal

proceeding. See State ex rel. Oklahoma Bar Ass’n v. Knight, 330 P.3d 1216 (Okla. 2014).

The Supreme Court of Oklahoma observed that “additional discipline for [the lawyer’s]

misconduct is warranted by his failure to report and lack of respect for this Court’s

authority.” Id. at 1220. Similarly, in Office of Disciplinary Counsel v. Ross, 689 N.E.2d 20

(Ohio 1998), an attorney licensed in Ohio failed to advise the Ohio Office of Disciplinary

Counsel that he had received a reproval and a ninety-day suspension from the practice of law

in California.   Because of the lawyer’s failure to abide by the mandatory reporting

requirement, the Supreme Court of Ohio enhanced the reciprocal sanction to a six month

suspension. Id. at 22.




                                             19

              To reinforce the importance of the mandatory reporting obligation, we now

hold that pursuant to Rule 3.20(b) of the West Virginia Rules of Lawyer Disciplinary

Procedure, a member of The West Virginia State Bar, whether on active or inactive status,

shall notify the Office of Disciplinary Counsel of any form of public discipline imposed by

the authorities of another jurisdiction, or of the voluntary surrender of his or her license to

practice law in connection with disciplinary proceedings in another jurisdiction. A member’s

failure to comply with this rule shall constitute an aggravating factor in a reciprocal

disciplinary proceeding and may result in an increase in the sanction imposed by this Court.

In the case sub judice, the respondent’s failure to timely report the Virginia public discipline

and the D.C. voluntary disbarment to the West Virginia ODC constitutes an aggravating

factor warranting the increase of his sanction to a thirty-day period of suspension from the

practice of law in West Virginia, instead of a public reprimand as was issued in Virginia.



              With regard to the probationary terms imposed by the Virginia State Bar

Disciplinary Board, the parties have failed to establish any basis for deviating from that

sanction. See Post, 219 W.Va. at 83, 631 S.E.2d at 922, syl. pt. 4 (requiring imposition of

identical sanction imposed by foreign jurisdiction unless one of four specified grounds is

established). An eighteen-month period of probation, to include periodic reviews of the

respondent’s trust accounts by the West Virginia State Bar or its designee, conducted at the




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respondent’s expense, is certainly warranted by the respondent’s acts of misappropriation of

client funds and mishandling of a client trust account.



              Finally, we note that from the very beginning of this reciprocal matter, the

respondent has sought for this Court to impose the same disciplinary terms that were ordered

in Virginia. However, for the first time in his June 2017 summary response, the respondent

requested that any review of his trust account records be limited to records pertaining to West

Virginia clients only. We reject this eleventh-hour request. Not only has the respondent

failed to prove any grounds to support this request, such a limitation would not serve to

ensure the safekeeping of client funds. There is nothing in the record to indicate that the

respondent maintains a separate trust account and records just for West Virginia clients, so

to be accurate, any review would necessarily require an examination of all accounts and

records.



                                      IV. Conclusion:

              For the reasons set forth above, this Court orders the following:

              1) The respondent shall be suspended from the practice of law in West

Virginia for a period of thirty days;14


       14
       With respect to any West Virginia clients or cases, the respondent is required to
comply with the duties of a suspended lawyer set forth in RLDP Rule 3.28. Pursuant to
RLDP 3.31, the respondent shall automatically be reinstated to the practice of law at the

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                 2)   upon completion of his suspension, the respondent shall be placed on

probation with The West Virginia State Bar for a period of eighteen months. During the

probationary period, the respondent is ordered to submit to a minimum of four and a

maximum of eight periodic, random reviews of his trust account records and reconciliations

by The West Virginia State Bar or its designee; and

                 3) the respondent is ordered to pay all costs for the trust account reviews, and

is ordered to pay the costs of this disciplinary proceeding.15

                                                     Suspension and Probation with Conditions.




conclusion of his suspension.
       15
            See RLDP 3.15 (providing for payment of costs of disciplinary proceeding).

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