                                                                                 FILED
                                                                              June 14, 2017
                                                                               released at 3:00 p.m.
                                                                             RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK

                                                                           SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

                                                                                OF WEST VIRGINIA


No. 16-1148, State ex rel. American Electric Power, et al. v. Honorable Derek C. Swope


Justice Ketchum, concurring:

              Defendants American Electric Power Company and Ohio Power Company

(“power companies”) have now sought relief in this Court on two issues, i.e., forum non

conveniens and West Virginia public policy. However, the crucial issue in this case is

whether a West Virginia court has personal jurisdiction over the power companies for

their alleged torts committed in Ohio. Before this case proceeds any further, it should be

determined if West Virginia courts have personal jurisdiction over the power companies

for their alleged torts committed in Ohio.

              The power companies allegedly are not incorporated in West Virginia and

do not have their principal place of business in West Virginia. Further, the alleged torts

and injuries did not occur in West Virginia. Therefore, under very recent United States

Supreme Court cases, West Virginia’s courts may not have personal jurisdiction over the

power companies.1

              The United States Supreme Court has made it clear that the due process

clause does not permit a state to haul an out-of-state corporation before its courts when:

1) the corporation is not “at home” in the state; and 2) the episode-in-suit occurred out of

       1
        BNSF Ry. Co. v. Tyrrell, ___ U.S. ___, 2017 WL 2322834 (May 30, 2017);
Daimler AG v. Bauman, ___ U.S.___, 134 S. Ct. 746 (2014). See also, State ex rel. Ford
Motor Co. v. McGraw, 237 W.Va. 573, 788 S.E.2d 319 (2016). The U.S. Supreme Court
also heard argument on another personal jurisdiction case in May 2017 styled Bristol-
Myers Squibb Co. v. California, Case No. 16-466. An opinion is expected in June 2017.
                                           1

state. Specifically, the Supreme Court stated, “[o]ur precedent, however, explains that

the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause does not permit a state to hale an out-of­

state corporation before its courts when the corporation is not ‘at home’ in the state and

the episode-in-suit occurred elsewhere.”2

                Therefore, there are two ways a state can obtain personal jurisdiction over

an out-of-state corporation.      First, a state may obtain personal jurisdiction over a

corporation if it is “at home” in the state.         This is called general jurisdiction.    A

corporation is “at home” in a state if it is the corporation’s place of incorporation or its

principal place of business. However, in an exceptional case, a corporation’s operation in

a foreign state may be so substantial as to render the corporation “at home” in the foreign

state.3

                A state may also obtain personal jurisdiction over an out-of-state

corporation if the corporation elects to do business in the state, these activities result in a

cause of action occurring in the state, and the exercise of personal jurisdiction is fair and

reasonable. This is called specific jurisdiction.4

                In the instant case, it appears the issue of personal jurisdiction has not been

explored. In my opinion, personal jurisdiction should be determined before this case

proceeds any further. Nevertheless, I agree with the majority opinion on the limited issue

raised in this case.

          2
            BNSF Railway, supra (slip op., at 2).
          3
            BNSF Railway, supra. (slip op., at 10).
          4
            Daimler v. State ex rel. Ford Motor Co., supra.
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