






Ex parte Gus Andrews
















IN THE
TENTH COURT OF APPEALS
 

No. 10-97-097-CV

EX PARTE GUS ANDREWS

                                        

From the 278th District Court
Madison County, Texas
Trial Court # 96-8135-278-10
                                                                                                               

O P I N I O N
                                                                                                                
      This is an appeal from an order granting an expunction of a felony arrest record.  Gus
Andrews was indicted and arrested for making a false entry in a government document.  Tex.
Pen. Code Ann. § 37.10 (a)(1) (Vernon 1994).  He pled nolo contendere and was placed on three
years’ deferred adjudication probation, which included eleven terms and conditions.  After
successfully completing the required period of supervision, Andrews was discharged from
probation and the indictment was dismissed.
      On September 5, 1996, Andrews filed a petition to expunge his arrest records.  See Tex.
Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 55.01 (Vernon Supp. 1997).  All appropriate agencies were notified
of the expunction hearing.  The Madisonville city attorney and the current district attorney
indicated that they did not oppose an expunction.  The Department of Public Safety (DPS) opposed
the expunction of Andrews’ records.  At the hearing, Andrews presented his own affidavit and an
affidavit from the former district attorney (D.A.) outlining an agreement to expunge the records
in exchange for a plea of no contest.  Based on this evidence, the court signed an “agreed” order
of expunction, concluding that it would be fundamentally unfair to deny the expunction because
the State had already agreed to expunge the records and Andrews had successfully carried out his
part of the agreement.  DPS requested findings of fact and conclusions of law and filed this appeal
based on legal and factual sufficiency grounds.  No other agency objected to the order or filed an
appeal.
      DPS urges three points of error.  In its first point, DPS asserts the trial court erred in finding
that the agreement between Andrews and the D.A.’s office was binding on all parties.  The second
and third points complain that there was legally or, alternatively, factually insufficient evidence
to support an expunction, and consequently no statutory basis exists for the expunction order.
      Expunction is provided for statutorily under article 55.01 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. 
It provides that a person is entitled to have all records and files relating to an arrest expunged if
he has been acquitted by the trial court, convicted and subsequently pardoned, or each of the
following conditions exist:
      (A) an indictment or information charging him with the commission of a felony has not been
presented against him for an offense arising out of the transaction for which he was
arrested or, if an indictment or information charging him with commission of a felony
was presented, it has been dismissed and the court finds that it was dismissed . . . 
because of mistake, false information, or other similar reason indicating absence of
probable cause at the time of the dismissal to believe the person committed the offense
or because it was void.
 
      (B) he has been released and the charge, if any, has not resulted in a final conviction and is
no longer pending and there is no court ordered probation under Article 42.12, Code of
Criminal Procedure, nor a conditional discharge under Section 481.109, Health and
Safety Code; and
 
      (C) he has not been convicted of a felony in the five years preceding the date of the arrest.

Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 55.01 (Vernon Supp. 1997).
      The expunction statute is unusual.  It attempts to create a civil case out of what is essentially
a criminal matter.
  It divides the state into competing entities, who can argue different legal and
factual theories, by allowing each agency to be represented by different counsel.  Id; Texas Dept.
of Pub. Safety v. Deck, No. 04-96-00081-CV, slip op. at 4-5, 1997 WL 471839, at *2 (Tex.
App.—San Antonio, August 20, 1997, on rehearing, n.w.h.)(designated for publication); Ex Parte
Stiles, No. 10-97-041-CV, slip op. at 4 (Tex. App.—Waco, October 8, 1997) (designated for
publication)(motion for rehearing filed).  It has been strictly interpreted in ways that arguably
defeat its intent.  Holmes, Harris County D.A. v. Lacafta, No. 14-96-376-CV (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] September 25, 1997, n.w.h.) (deny expunction to one who was not
“arrested,” although a record of an arrest existed because another person used petitioner’s name).
      We are presented with a dilemma.  If we affirm, we have approved an expunction order for
which grounds arguably may not exist under a strict reading of the statute. See Texas Dept. of
Public Safety v. Butler, 941 S.W.2d 318 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1997, no writ) (defendant
placed on deferred adjudication probation was not entitled to expunction of his arrest records after
he successfully completed probation and criminal proceeding against him was dismissed); State
v. Knight, 813 S.W.2d 210 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1991, no writ) (deferred
adjudication probation makes records ineligible for expunction).  If we reverse and render
judgment denying the expunction, we place local elected officials in the position of having violated
a plea-bargain agreement, which evidence shows was entered into by an elected district attorney,
approved by an elected district judge, and faithfully carried out by the other party to the
agreement.
      DPS’ second and third points attack sufficiency, pointing to the absence of any document from
the underlying criminal case that mentioned a plea agreement.  It also questions whether the
affidavits presented by Andrews at the expunction hearing are sufficiently grounded on personal
knowledge of the affiants.  In a reply brief, the DPS sought a reversal and remand of this case as
an alternative to rendering judgment.  During oral argument, Andrews requested a remand if we
found error based on the court’s finding that a plea agreement concerning expunction existed.  We
will remand. 
      A trial court’s findings are reviewable for legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence by the
same standards that are applied in reviewing evidence supporting a jury’s answer.  Catalina v.
Blasdel, 881 S.W.2d 295, 297 (Tex. 1994).  In reviewing a legal insufficiency challenge or “no
evidence” point, we only consider evidence that tends to support the challenged findings.  See id. 
In reviewing a factual sufficiency point, we weigh all of the evidence in the record.  Ortiz v.
Jones, 917 S.W.2d 770, 772 (Tex. 1996).  Findings may be overturned only if they are so against
the great weight and preponderance of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and unjust.  Id.
      We believe that the affidavits are some evidence of an agreement; thus, we cannot sustain the
legal sufficiency point.  We find, however, that the evidence is factually insufficient to support
the court’s finding, in light of the absence of any mention of an agreement in the documents that
DPS presented into evidence.  Thus, we sustain the factual-sufficiency point, setting the stage for
a remand to the trial court.  We do not reach the question of whether the state, including DPS, is
estopped from denying the expunction.
      Andrews, DPS asserts, has the burden of proving compliance with all of the statutory
requirements and failed to present any evidence that would justify an expunction order under
article 55.01.  Harris v. State, 733 S.W.2d 710, 711 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1987, no writ). 
Although true, the failure is explained by the fact that Andrews relied exclusively on the theory
he was entitled to the order because the state had already agreed to it.  In the interests of justice,
we will not reach DPS’ contention and will remand the cause so that the record can be fully
developed regarding Andrews’ rights under the statute as well as the existence of a plea agreement
that included future expunction of his records.  Tex. R. App. P. 43.3(b).  
      The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded to the trial court for further proceedings.
 
 
