                           UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT

                                        _________________

                                           No. 99-60253
                                         Summary Calendar
                                        _________________

               In The Matter of: DOLPHIN PRESS INC,

                                   Debtor.
               -----------------------------

               ROBERT BOUDREAUX,

                                               Appellant,
               versus


               DOLPHIN PRESS INC,

                                               Appellee.


                           Appeal from the United States District Court
                             for the Southern District of Mississippi
                                       (1:98-CV-41-GR)


                                        September 17, 1999

Before JOLLY, EMILIO M. GARZA, and DENNIS, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:*
       Robert Boudreaux appeals from a final decision of the district court affirming the bankruptcy

court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of Dolphin Press Inc. (“Dolphin”). The district court

found that Dolphin could avoid Boudreaux’s security interest pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 544.

Boudreaux argues that the district court erred because the statute of limitations barred Dolphin from

avoiding his secured interest, and because he has a perfected security interest in the solnar press. We

review the district court’s findings of fact for clear error and legal conclusions de novo. See In re

Locklin, 101 F.3d 435, 437-38 (5th Cir. 1996). We review determinations of state law de novo. See


   *
       Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be
published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.
id. We affirm.

        Boudreaux argues that Dolphin’s action is barred by the two-year statute of limitations in §

546(a). See 11 U.S.C. § 546(a) (providing a two-year limitations period for an action pursuant to

§ 544). He argues that the two-year limitations period runs from the date that the Chapter 11 petition

is filed. If this date is used, then Dolphin’s action is barred by the limitations period, because it was

filed one day late. Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 9006, however, specifies that the day of

a triggering event for a deadline shall not be included in the computation of time under the

Bankruptcy Code. See FED. R. OF BANKR. P. 9006. If the date on which Dolphin filed its Chapter

11 petition is excluded from the limitations period, then Dolphin’s action was timely. Thus, we are

unpersuaded that the limitations period bars Dolphin’s action.

        Boudreaux argues that Dolphin cannot avoid his secured interest, because he had a

perfected security interest. Boudreaux admits that the financial statement was not filed with the

office of the Secretary of the State. Boudreaux asserts, nonetheless, that the filing in the office of

the Chancery Clerk of Harrison County, Mississippi, perfected his interest in the Solnar press.

Under Mississippi Code § 97-9-401, the failure to file the statement with the Secretary of State

means that his security interest was unperfected. See MISS. CODE ANN. § 75-9-401 (1998).

        According to Boudreaux, he had a perfected secured interest in the press because Dolphin

had actual knowledge of the contents of the financial statement. See MISS. CODE ANN. § 75-9-

401(1)(d); ITT Industrial Credit Co. v. Robinson, 350 So.2d 48 (Miss. 1997); Chrysler Credit

Corp. v. Bank of Wiggins, 358 So.2d 714 (Miss. 1977). Title 11 U.S.C. § 544(a) provides that a

trustee has “strong arm powers” that allow the trustee to avoid an encumbrance that would be

voidable by a bona fide purchaser “without regard to any knowledge of the trustee or of any

creditor.” 11 U.S.C. § 544(a). This Section eliminates the “actual knowledge” defense that might

otherwise exist under state law. See id.; In re Sandy Ridge Oil Co., Inc., 807 F.2d 1332, 1336

(7th Cir. 1986) (concluding that Congress did not intend the debtor-in-possession’s knowledge of

the mortgage to prevent it from asserting the strong arm clause, “because actual knowledge is


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irrelevant under § 544(a)”). Thus, Dolphin’s actual knowledge of the financial statement does not

prevent it from invoking § 544(a).

        Boudreaux argues alternatively that, because the press is an office fixture, the fixture filing

needed to be filed only in the Chancery Clerk’s office to perfect the interest. See MISS. CODE

ANN. § 75-9-401(1)(b). Even if the press were a fixture, the fixture filing was recorded in the

Uniform Commercial Code records, and not in the land records where a mortgage of the Dolphin

real estate would be recorded. See MISS. COD. ANN. § 75-9-313(9)(b) (specifying that a security

interest in fixtures is perfected against the real estate only when the filing or recording of an

instrument constitutes constructive notice of such interest under the state laws that are applicable

to the filing of real estate mortgages and deeds of trust). Thus, under Mississippi Code § 75-9-

313(1)(b), the security interest is unperfected. See In re 20th Century Enters., Inc., 152 B.R. 119,

123 (N.D. Miss. 1992) (concluding that recording an agreement in the real property records is not

a recordation in the Uniform Commercial Code records). Because Boudreaux’s interest is

unperfected, the trustee may void the interest.

        For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that the district court correctly applied the law,

and we AFFIRM the final decision of the district court.




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