                               COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


Present: Judges Humphreys, Felton and Kelsey
Argued at Salem, Virginia


CONSOLIDATED EQUIPMENT
ERECTORS, INC. AND
AMCOMP ASSURANCE CORPORATION
                                                              MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY
v.        Record No. 0772-03-3                                 JUDGE D. ARTHUR KELSEY
                                                                  NOVEMBER 12, 2003
GARY L. CUMBIE


              FROM THE VIRIGINIA WORKERS’ COMPENSATION COMMISSION

                 S. Vernon Priddy III (Sands Anderson Marks & Miller, on brief), for
                 appellants.

                 Philip B. Baker (Sanzone & Baker, P.C., on brief), for appellee.


          Consolidated Equipment Erectors, Inc. and AmCOMP Assurance Corp. appeal a decision

by the Workers’ Compensation Commission awarding Gary L. Cumbie temporary total disability

benefits for his injury by accident. Finding that credible evidence supports the commission’s

conclusions that Cumbie did not refuse selective employment and did not fail to reasonably

market his residual capacity, we affirm.

                                                  I.

          On appeal, “we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party

before the commission.” Clinchfield Coal Co. v. Reed, 40 Va. App. 69, 72, 577 S.E.2d 538, 539

(2003); Tomes v. James City (County Of) Fire, 39 Va. App. 424, 429, 573 S.E.2d 312, 315

(2002).



          * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
       Gary Cumbie injured his left foot on June 28, 2001, while working for Consolidated

Equipment Erectors, Inc. on a job in New York. Dr. Scot Zindel, a podiatrist, examined Cumbie

on July 10, 2001. He diagnosed a “re-aggravation of plantar fasciitis of the left foot” caused by

Cumbie’s work injury.

       Though 45 years old at the time of his accident, Cumbie possessed limited intellectual

capacity and had granted his mother, Joyce Hunt, power of attorney to conduct his business

affairs.1 On August 9, 2001, at the request of Cumbie’s mother, Dr. Zindel sent a letter to

Consolidated stating that he asked Cumbie to “remain off his foot, indefinitely until this

condition resolves (which may take several months). I believe he would be willing to work if

you could find him a sit-down position.” Cumbie’s mother testified that she spoke with Tamara

Nuckols, Consolidated’s workers’ compensation representative, shortly after Dr. Zindel sent this

letter. Nuckols said “the only position they had would be in the shop, but that would be on his

feet. They didn’t have any sit-down positions.”

       Nuckols later contacted Cumbie’s mother and told her that Consolidated’s insurance

carrier, AmCOMP, had requested a second opinion. AmCOMP scheduled an appointment with

another podiatrist, Dr. Peter F. Kelly, for October 30, 2001. After the appointment, Dr. Kelly

sent a letter of medical necessity dated November 27, 2001, to AmCOMP for custom

prescription molded orthotics, stating that Cumbie “is not able to walk without pain” and has

been “diagnosed in exam and X-ray” with plantar fasciitis resulting from “an injury to his left

foot at work on 6/28/01.” Dr. Kelly’s office notes contain no mention of work status, and

Cumbie and his mother testified that he communicated no work release to them.

       1
         The deputy commissioner noted that “Cumbie at least reached the eleventh grade,” but
that “he was not on the same education track as the typical high school student. Based on the
evidence contained in Defendants’ Exhibit 1, Cumbie was at least 21 years old while in the
eleventh grade and his mother held a power-of-attorney for all financial matters.” His mother
controls his banking accounts and pays his bills.

                                              -2-
       AmCOMP sent a letter to Dr. Kelly requesting Cumbie’s diagnosis and work status.

Though the letter is dated October 26, 2001, Dr. Kelly testified that “it looks like it was faxed on

December 17, 2001” and that it was “possible that [he] did not receive it ‘til December.” In his

reply, Dr. Kelly responded to the question, “Is [Cumbie] capable of doing any type of work?”

with an unqualified “yes.”2 Responding to a letter from AmCOMP’s attorney on May 2, 2002,

however, Dr. Kelly clarified that Cumbie “cannot tolerate prolonged weight-bearing. He is

capable of working seated, however there is no option for this in his work.” Dr. Kelly reiterated

this work restriction during his deposition on May 7, 2002, stating Cumbie “was capable of

doing any kind of sit-down work.”

       Between February 17 and February 20, 2002, after consulting an attorney, Cumbie filed

with the Virginia Employment Commission (VEC) seeking restricted employment. He also filed

with the Department of Rehabilitation Services.        Responding to a VEC questionnaire on

February 20, 2002, Dr. Kelly wrote that Cumbie was “totally unable to work” from October 30,

2001, to present, and that the earliest date Cumbie would be able to return to work was “to be

determined.” When directly asked if Cumbie was “currently able to perform any work?,” Dr.

Kelly answered “No.”

       On February 21, 2002, Cumbie received a certified letter from Consolidated instructing

him to return to work the following Monday. The letter, apparently generated after Nuckols

finally received a copy of Dr. Kelly’s earlier unqualified response to AmCOMP’s letter, stated:



       2
          According to Nuckols, AmCOMP sent the same letter to Dr. Zindel. Dr. Zindel
responded on January 3, 2002, writing that he had not seen Cumbie since July 10, 2001, and that
he could “not comment on how his condition is progressing.” However, he continued, “[i]n
eighteen years of practice I have had less than five patients which needed to be totally off their
feet from plantar fasciitis for any sustained duration.” He reiterated his opinion from his August
9, 2001, letter that “Mr. Cumbie was capable of working light duty where he would not be
required to lift heavy objects, he could sit the majority of the day and remain non weight bearing
on his left foot.”

                                               -3-
                 On several occasions when you and I spoke — I requested that you
                 return to work in the shop and you expressed that you couldn’t
                 stand on your foot. Based on the information I received from Dr.
                 Kelly, you are released to work.

                 I am requesting that you return to work on or before February 25,
                 2002 at 8:00 a.m. to the shop.

The letter contained no mention of light duty.

          In response to the letter, Cumbie’s mother called Dr. Kelly and asked him about

Cumbie’s work status, telling him that Nuckols’s letter “said that the doctor had released him to

go to work. Dr. Kelly said, I don’t recall any such thing. He said the last thing I recall is sending

something saying it’s to be determined about his work status.” Cumbie and his mother obtained

a copy of Dr. Kelly’s VEC response and faxed it to Consolidated.               Cumbie then called

Consolidated and verified that they had received the VEC response.

          Cumbie’s mother testified that she had no conversations with Nuckols regarding work

release or light duty in the six months between their August 2001 telephone conversation

(regarding Dr. Zindel’s letter) and Consolidated’s February 19, 2002, letter (directing Cumbie to

return to work). Cumbie stated that he occasionally saw Nuckols during this six-month period

and she would ask when he was coming back to work. He “told her that I couldn’t” return to

work and stated that their conversations “didn’t involve no [sic] light duty. There was no such

thing.”

          Nuckols testified regarding her normal procedures when handling workers’ compensation

issues for Consolidated. She stated that when “an employee is released to return to work” she

normally made a written request “that they return to work within their restrictions.” However,

though she contended that on several occasions she “had a conversation with either Mr. Cumbie

or his mother about getting Mr. Cumbie back to work on light duty,” she acknowledged that she




                                                 -4-
had no written record of any such conversations and no written correspondence from August

2001 to February 2002.

       Cumbie filed a claim for temporary total disability benefits. Consolidated defended on

the basis that Cumbie was “not totally disabled,” that he refused “light-duty employment

extended to him,” and that he “failed to market his residual capacity.” The deputy commissioner

awarded benefits, finding none of the employer’s arguments persuasive. On review, the full

commission unanimously affirmed. Finding the medical records “confusing and contradictory,”

the commission held that Cumbie reasonably could not have been expected to know about his

ability to return to light-duty work until Dr. Kelly’s deposition on May 7, 2002, only a week

prior to the deputy commissioner’s hearing.

                                              II.

       In its role as factfinder, the commission “resolves all conflicts in the evidence and

determines the weight to be accorded the various evidentiary submissions.” Bass v. City of

Richmond Police Dep’t, 258 Va. 103, 114, 515 S.E.2d 557, 563 (1999). When based on credible

evidence, the commission’s judgments are “conclusive and binding as to all questions of fact.”

Id. (quoting Code § 65.2-706(A)); see also Westmoreland Coal Co. v. Russell, 31 Va. App. 16,

20, 520 S.E.2d 839, 841 (1999). Moreover, the commission’s “conclusions upon conflicting

inferences, legitimately drawn from proven facts, are equally binding on appeal.” Watkins v.

Halco Eng’g, Inc., 225 Va. 97, 101, 300 S.E.2d 761, 763 (1983).

       Our deference to the commission’s factfinding applies “even though there is evidence in

the record to support a contrary finding.” S.P. Terry Co. v. Rubinos, 38 Va. App. 624, 632, 567

S.E.2d 584, 588 (2002) (citations omitted).         When the factual record permits competing

inferences, we defer to the commission’s assessment of the “probative weight to be accorded

evidence” — recognizing that the commission “is free to adopt that view ‘which is most


                                              -5-
consistent with reason and justice.’” Georgia-Pac. Corp. v. Robinson, 32 Va. App. 1, 5, 526

S.E.2d 267, 269 (2000) (quoting C.D.S. Const. Servs. v. Petrock, 218 Va. 1064, 1070, 243

S.E.2d 236, 240 (1978)) (bracketed material omitted).

                                                A.

       To support a finding of refusal of selective employment, “the record must disclose (1) a

bona fide job offer suitable to the employee’s capacity; (2) [a job offer that was] procured for the

employee by the employer; and (3) an unjustified refusal by the employee to accept the job.”

Atlas Plumbing and Mech., Inc. v. Lang, 38 Va. App. 509, 512, 566 S.E.2d 871, 872-73 (2002)

(quoting James v. Capitol Steel Constr. Co., 8 Va. App. 512, 515, 382 S.E.2d 487, 489 (1989))

(citations and internal quotation marks omitted). Once an employer shows a “bona fide offer of

selective employment, ‘the employee bears the burden of establishing justification for refusing

such employment.’” Hillcrest Manor Nursing Home v. Underwood, 35 Va. App. 31, 37, 542

S.E.2d 785, 788 (2001) (quoting Food Lion, Inc. v. Lee, 16 Va. App. 616, 619, 431 S.E.2d 342,

344 (1993)). “To support a finding of justification to refuse suitable selective employment, ‘the

reasons advanced must be such that a reasonable person desirous of employment would have

refused the offered work.’” Id. (citations omitted).

       Credible evidence supports Cumbie’s claim that Consolidated’s February 19 letter was

not a bona fide job offer suitable to his capacity, even if he had been aware that he could perform

light-duty work. The February 19 letter from Consolidated — the only documented job offer

Consolidated made to Cumbie — directs only that he return to work. It makes no mention of

light duty. And apart from the February 19 letter, no documentary evidence suggests that

Consolidated offered Cumbie light-duty employment. Nuckols testified that she repeatedly

asked Cumbie to return to work prior to sending the February 19 letter, but she maintained no log

or other documentation of the conversations, contrary to her normal practice as Consolidated’s


                                               -6-
workers’ compensation representative.      Cumbie admitted that he occasionally spoke with

Nuckols, but he stated that he did not understand any of their conversations to contain an offer of

light-duty employment. Cumbie’s mother testified that after she asked Dr. Zindel to send his

August 9, 2001, letter to Consolidated — stating that he asked Cumbie to “remain off his foot,

indefinitely” and suggesting that Cumbie “would be willing to work if you could find him a sit

down position” — Nuckols told her “the only position they had would be in the shop, but that

would be on his feet. They didn’t have any sit-down positions.”

       Given the work restrictions imposed by Drs. Kelly and Zindel, the conflicting testimony

of Cumbie, his mother, and Nuckols, and the lack of documented offers for light-duty

employment, we cannot say that the commission erred as a matter of law by finding Cumbie did

not refuse a bona fide offer of selective employment suitable to his work capacity.

                                                B.

       An employee claiming entitlement to temporary total benefits must take reasonable

measures to market his residual work capacity. Great Atl. & Pac. Tea Co. v. Bateman, 4 Va.

App. 459, 464, 359 S.E.2d 98, 101 (1987). “[W]hat is reasonable in a given case will depend

upon all of the facts and surrounding circumstances.” Id. at 467, 359 S.E.2d at 102. To

determine reasonableness, the commission should consider:         “(1) the nature and extent of

employee’s disability; (2) the employee’s training, age, experience, and education; (3) the nature

and extent of employee’s job search; (4) the employee’s intent in conducting his job search; (5)

the availability of jobs in the area suitable for the employee, considering his disability; and (6)

any other matter affecting employee’s capacity to find suitable employment.” Nat’l Linen Serv.

v. McGuinn, 8 Va. App. 267, 272, 380 S.E.2d 31, 34 (1989).

       Among other things, the sixth factor of the McGuinn test necessarily includes

“consideration of the claimant’s perception of his condition, his abilities, and his employability,


                                               -7-
and of the basis for that perception,” Ridenhour v. Newport News, 12 Va. App. 415, 418, 404

S.E.2d 89, 90-91 (1991), as well as the claimant’s “[l]ack of mental capacity and education,”

Bateman, 4 Va. App. at 467, 359 S.E.2d at 102. “The commission, of course, determines which

of these or other factors are more or less significant with regard to the particular case,” McGuinn,

8 Va. App. at 272-73, 380 S.E.2d at 34-35, and we treat the commission’s factual determinations

as binding if supported by credible evidence, Code § 65.2-706(A); Wall Street Deli, Inc. v.

O’Brien, 32 Va. App. 217, 220-21, 527 S.E.2d 451, 453 (2000).

       In this case, credible evidence supports the commission’s finding that Cumbie did not

unreasonably fail to market his residual work capacity. In July 2001, Cumbie suffered a

condition severe enough to prompt Dr. Zindel to later write that “[i]n eighteen years of practice I

have had less than five patients which needed to be totally off their feet from plantar fasciitis for

any sustained duration.” In February 2002, Dr. Kelly informed the VEC that Cumbie was still

“totally unable to work,” that he had been unable to work since October 30, 2001, and that the

earliest date Cumbie would be able to return to work was “to be determined.” Nevertheless,

Cumbie registered with the Department of Rehabilitation Services and with the VEC and at the

hearing he stated a willingness to return to work at Consolidated within his job restrictions.

Cumbie and his mother both testified that they understood that he was “unable to do any work.”

The basis for this perception was Dr. Kelly’s written and oral comments throughout the course of

his treatment.

       On this topic, we find no fault with the commission considering Cumbie’s intellectual

limitations.     Having attended eleventh grade special education classes at age twenty-one,

Cumbie’s limited comprehension skills no doubt affected his communication with Nuckols and

Dr. Kelly. Along the same lines, we also reject appellants’ claim that Cumbie’s mother was his

agent and thus her knowledge should have been imputed to him. Though this principle is


                                                -8-
certainly true as an abstract proposition,3 it has no application here for two reasons. First, the

commission did not find that the scope of this agency relationship was broad enough to impute

specific notice to Cumbie. And we find nothing in the record to compel such a conclusion as a

matter of law. Second, in any event, credible evidence supports his mother’s contention that she

too had been led by Dr. Kelly to believe that her son had no residual work capacity to market.

As a result, whether an agent for this specific purpose or not, Cumbie’s mother did not possess

imputable knowledge that would change the commission’s award of temporary benefits in this

case.

                                               III.

        Because credible evidence supports the commission’s factual findings on the selective

employment and residual work capacity issues, we affirm.


                                                                                        Affirmed.




        3
         “As a general rule, the knowledge of an agent is imputed to his principal.” Allen Realty
Corp. v. Holbert, 227 Va. 441, 446, 318 S.E.2d 592, 594 (1984); see also Yamada v. McLeod,
243 Va. 426, 433, 416 S.E.2d 222, 226 (1992); Infant C. v. Boy Scouts of America, Inc., 239 Va.
572, 578, 391 S.E.2d 322, 326 (1990).

                                              -9-
