                                             COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA


              Present: Judges Humphreys, McCullough and Senior Judge Bumgardner
UNPUBLISHED



              KIET ANH PHAM
                                                                               MEMORANDUM OPINION*
              v.     Record No. 1170-14-4                                          PER CURIAM
                                                                                 DECEMBER 30, 2014
              THUY T. BUI


                                     FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FAIRFAX COUNTY
                                                Jane Marum Roush, Judge

                               (Michael A. Ward, on brief), for appellant.

                               No brief for appellee.

                               (Donna Dougherty, on brief), Guardian ad litem for the minor
                               child.


                     Kiet Anh Pham (father) appeals a custody and visitation order. Father argues that the circuit

              court erred by (1) awarding sole legal and physical custody of the minor child to Thuy T. Bui

              (mother) and (2) ruling that father shall have no visitation with the child at this time. Upon

              reviewing the record and briefs, we conclude that this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we

              summarily affirm the decision of the circuit court. See Rule 5A:27.

                                                        BACKGROUND

                     “On appeal, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to . . . the party prevailing

              below.” D’Ambrosio v. D’Ambrosio, 45 Va. App. 323, 335, 610 S.E.2d 876, 882 (2005)

              (citations omitted).

                     So viewed, the evidence proved that the parties divorced on February 4, 2004. They have

              one child. In 2012, father filed a motion to modify visitation, and mother filed a motion to

                     *
                         Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
modify custody. The juvenile and domestic relations district court (JDR court) ordered the child

to attend therapy and both parties to undergo psychological evaluations. On November 13, 2013,

the JDR court awarded sole custody to mother and ordered father to have no contact with the

child or mother. Father appealed to the circuit court.

        On June 12, 2014, the parties and the guardian ad litem appeared before the circuit court.

Mother testified that the child was fearful of father, and as a result of her relationship with her

father, was in therapy. Father testified that he had not seen the child since August 17, 2013,

when they were in the office of the child’s therapist. He testified that at that therapy session, he

confronted the child and was angry with her. He refused to discuss her progress in school and

therapy and thought she and the therapist were lying to him. He admitted that she was crying

and upset when he left the session. The guardian ad litem submitted as evidence copies of the

parties’ psychological examinations and her report. At the conclusion of all of the evidence and

argument, the circuit court reviewed the Code § 20-124.3 factors and awarded sole legal and

physical custody of the child to mother. The circuit court ordered father to have no visitation

with the child. It ordered father to attend counseling and the child to continue counseling. The

final order stated that “when the two therapists recommend contact, they may facilitate contact

and reunification as appropriate.” This appeal followed.

                                            ANALYSIS

        Father argues that there was no evidence to support the circuit court’s custody and

visitation rulings.

        “In matters of custody, visitation, and related child care issues, the court’s paramount

concern is always the best interests of the child.” Farley v. Farley, 9 Va. App. 326, 327-28, 387

S.E.2d 794, 795 (1990).




                                                 -2-
       “As long as evidence in the record supports the trial court’s ruling and the trial court has

not abused its discretion, its ruling must be affirmed on appeal.” Brown v. Brown, 30 Va. App.

532, 538, 518 S.E.2d 336, 338 (1999).

       Code § 20-124.2(B) states:

               In determining custody, the court shall give primary consideration
               to the best interests of the child. The court shall assure minor
               children of frequent and continuing contact with both parents,
               when appropriate, and encourage parents to share in the
               responsibilities of rearing their children. . . . The court may award
               joint custody or sole custody.

(Emphasis added.)

       Father argues that the circuit court erred by not assuring that the child had “frequent and

continuing contact” with him, as prescribed by Code § 20-124.2, because the circuit court denied

him having any visitation with the child. Assuming without deciding that father preserved this

argument, Code § 20-124.2 explains that a child shall have contact with both parents “when

appropriate.” In this case, the circuit court held that it was not appropriate for father to have

contact with the child.

       A court “shall consider” the factors in Code § 20-124.3 to determine the “best interests of

a child” for custody or visitation. Code § 20-124.3. The record reflects that the circuit court

reviewed the Code § 20-124.3 factors. The circuit court was especially concerned about the third

factor, which focuses on “[t]he relationship existing between each parent and each child, giving

due consideration to the positive involvement with the child’s life, the ability to accurately assess

and meet the emotional, intellectual and physical needs of the child.” The circuit court

referenced father’s behavior during the child’s therapy session and his refusal to return her

uniform and bamboo sword for her martial arts class because she did not “deserve to have them.”

The circuit court held that the evidence proved that father lacked the ability to accurately assess

and meet the child’s needs.
                                                 -3-
       Father’s psychological evaluation also was offered into evidence. The evaluator

explained that the test results indicated father had “some significant information processing

deficits and significant problems with impulsivity and emotional regulation.” The evaluator

recommended that father begin therapy in order to “recognize the way in which his own personal

characteristics have contributed to the current difficulty that he was in seeing his daughter.”

       Furthermore, mother testified that she and the child were fearful of father. Father

admitted that when he did have regular visitation with the child, he “had told her that she was

lazy, stupid, and a homeless person.”

       Considering the totality of the evidence, the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in

granting sole custody to mother and denying father visitation with the child at this time.

                                          CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, the circuit court’s ruling is summarily affirmed. Rule 5A:27.

                                                                                           Affirmed.




                                                -4-
