Filed 1/12/15 Pryor v. Deutsche Bank Securities CA2/5
                  NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                     SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                  DIVISION FIVE



WILL M. PRYOR, JR.,                                                  B250250

         Plaintiff and Appellant,                                    (Los Angeles County Super. Ct.
                                                                      No. PC051476)
         v.

DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES, INC.,
et al.,

         Defendants and Respondents.




         APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles, Randy Rhodes,
Judge. Affirmed.
         Jenner & Block, Kenneth K. Lee, L. David Russell, Christina Avedissian, Nary
Kim, MacKenzie L. Smith, Alexander M. Smith, for Plaintiff and Appellant.
         Bryan Cave, John W. Amberg, James J. McGrath, for Defendants and
Respondents.
                                             ____________________
       Plaintiff Will M. Pryor, Jr., appeals from a judgment of dismissal following the
trial court’s order sustaining a demurrer to his fourth amended complaint. Pryor filed his
operative complaint against defendants Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. (erroneously sued
as “Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. aka Deutsche Bank National Trust”), Deutsche Bank
National Trust Company, as Trustee for GSAA Home Equity Trust 2005-MTR-1
(Deutsche Bank), for wrongful eviction and conversion.
       On appeal, Pryor does not challenge his wrongful eviction claim, he “only
challenges the Court’s written order sustaining the demurrer as to his conversation
claim.” Pryor contends his complaint stated a cause of action for conversion and
Deutsche Bank failed to establish a viable defense to his conversion claim. We hold that
Pryor cannot overcome the sham pleading doctrine based on his inconsistent allegations
throughout his pleadings in this and in other actions. Specifically, Pryor has failed to
offer any explanation regarding the inconsistency between the damages alleged
throughout his pleadings for his conversion claim, and his sworn statement pertaining to
his personal property in a prior bankruptcy proceeding. We therefore affirm the
judgment.


                               STATEMENT OF FACTS1


       Because we are reviewing a judgment entered after the sustaining of a demurrer
without leave to amend, the following factual statement is drawn principally from Pryor’s
fourth amended complaint. We assume the truth of all factual allegations properly
pleaded in Pryor’s operative complaint, as well as matters that may be judicially noticed.
(Schifando v. City of Los Angeles (2003) 31 Cal.4th 1074, 1081; Code Civ. Proc., §
430.30, subd. (a).)




       1 Deutsche Bank’s motion for judicial notice of a reply brief filed by Pryor in a
separate action is denied.
                                           2
       In February 2005, Donna Ryan purchased the residential property located at 14739
Valleyheart Drive, Sherman Oaks, California (the Valleyheart property). The deed of
trust and promissory note securing a loan for the Valleyheart property listed Ryan as the
borrower. Ryan and Pryor entered into a partnership agreement under which Pryor would
improve and develop the Valleyheart property for sale and also serve as a tenant. Under
the agreement, Pryor would receive half of the profits from the sale of the Valleyheart
property after Ryan recovered her investment and Pryor was compensated for his
improvements to the property. At the time of this agreement, Ryan was residing in Napa,
California, and eventually moved to Ft. Collins, Colorado. Ryan passed away in March
2007, leaving her husband, Kenneth Ryan, in charge of her estate.
       When Pryor moved into the Valleyheart property, he brought along his personal
possessions acquired over 32 years of his adult life. The Valleyheart property was his
only place of residence between December 2006 and March 2010. Pryor did not
physically occupy the Valleyheart property during times of construction or real estate
open houses, but he alleged most of his personal property remained at the house. Pryor
alleged his personal possessions at the Valleyheart property in March 2010 had a
reasonable market value of $211,375.
       In December 2008, a Notice of Default and Election to Sell Under the Deed of
Trust was recorded on the Valleyheart property due to Ryan’s failure to make timely
mortgage payments. In March 2009, a Notice of Trustee’s Sale was recorded, explaining
that the Valleyheart property was put up for sale at a public auction. The notice listed the
date, place, and time of sale. The Valleyheart property was subsequently sold to
Deutsche Bank in February 2010.
       On March 2, 2010, Pryor returned to the Valleyheart property and discovered he
had been locked out. Pryor made numerous attempts to recover his personal property by
contacting Deutsche Bank and its agents, but was denied recovery of the property.
Pryor’s personal property that remained at the Valleyheart property primarily consisted of
appliances.

                                             3
      Also on March 2, 2010, a letter had been sent to The Estate of Donna Ryan at the
Valleyheart property from Cyprexx Services LLC, explaining that the property had been
secured by Cyprexx Services. The owner was directed to contact Cyprexx Services at the
number listed in order to retrieve any personal belongings from the premises. The
personal belongings were to be disposed of if not claimed by March 19, 2010.
      In June 2010, Deutsche Bank sold the Valleyheart property, along with Pryor’s
personal property, to Tanya Barcessat.2 On June 18, 2010, Pryor received a letter from
Glen Oaks Escrow, on behalf of Deutsche Bank, for demand and release of a mechanics’
lien he recorded on the Valleyheart property for $169,327.


                              PROCEDURAL HISTORY


Pryor’s History of Inconsistent Pleadings


      The Complaint


      On September 2, 2011, Pryor initiated this action in propria persona against
Deutsche Bank alleging breach of contract, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair
dealing, conversion, and predatory lending with respect to the loan agreement for the
Valleyheart property, subsequent foreclosure, and alleged conversion of personal
possessions at the property.3 Pryor asserted that he entered into a loan agreement with
Deutsche Bank and made timely mortgage payments under the agreement. When


      2   Barcessat was a named defendant on each of Pryor’s complaints, however, no
allegations are made against her. Before filing his second amended complaint, Pryor
filed a request for dismissal with prejudice as to Barcessat on August 3, 2012, and the
dismissal was entered by the court clerk on that day.

      3 Pryor represented himself throughout proceedings in the trial court. He is
represented by counsel for this appeal.
                                          4
Deutsche Bank increased his mortgage payments, Pryor defaulted in August 2008. Pryor
also alleged and attached a mechanics’ lien on the Valleyheart property that was held by
his company located at 7529 Craner Ave., Sun Valley, California (the Sun Valley
address). The mechanics’ lien was record on July 28, 2009. Pryor filed this lawsuit
listing his address as the Sun Valley address. In response, Deutsche Bank filed a request
for judicial notice of loan documents and other recorded documents pertaining to the
Valleyheart property, none of which named Pryor as the borrower or owner of the
property.
       On October 28, 2011, Deutsche Bank filed a demurrer to the complaint.


       The First Amended Complaint


       On March 6, 2012, Pryor filed his first amended complaint against Deutsche Bank
for breach of written contract, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and
general negligence. Pryor dropped the conversion cause of action. Pryor maintained he
purchased the Valleyheart property, but Ryan was the borrower on the recorded loan
agreement. Pryor claimed he was a co-owner of the Valleyheart property and that Ryan
granted him 50 percent ownership interest in the property. He also alleged he made
$169,000 in improvements, which is described in the above referenced mechanics’ lien.
       The trial court sustained Deutsche Bank’s demurrer to the first amended complaint
with leave to amend.


       The Second Amended Complaint


       On August 6, 2012, Pryor filed his second amended complaint, and then on
August 9, 2012, a corrected second amended complaint. Pryor alleged causes of action
for “tortuous eviction” and conversion against Deutsche Bank. Although Pryor alleged
he was evicted, he continued to maintain that he was an owner. He further alleged the

                                             5
Valleyheart property was his “only place of residence between December 2006 and
2010.” In his opposition to Deutsche Bank’s demurrer, Pryor contended for the first time
in any pleading that he was a tenant of the Valleyheart property. However, he maintained
that he purchased the Valleyheart property and was a 50 percent owner.
       The trial court sustained Deutsche Bank’s demurrer with leave to amend.


       The Third Amended Complaint


       On September 28, 2012, Pryor filed his third amended complaint against Deutsche
Bank for unlawful eviction and conversion. Pryor still claimed 50 percent “stake” in the
Valleyheart property, but was a “peaceable and lawful tenant of the Valleyheart
Property.” He again alleged that the Valleyheart property was his “only place of
residence between December 2006 and March 2010.” In response, Deutsche Bank filed a
request for judicial notice of Pryor’s third amended complaint in a different action
(Pryor v. California Fair Plan Assn. (Super. Ct. L.A., 2010, No. LC08053) (hereafter No.
LC08053)). Pryor had alleged in No. LC08053 that from November 22, 2006, through
December 2008, the Valleyheart property “remained unoccupied because of the repair
work and [Pryor’s] attempt to sell it through Realtors.” Deutsche Bank also attached
Pryor’s opening brief on appeal in No. LC08053, which stated that in “June 2007, he was
relocated due to terrorist threats and was at that time not occupying the property.” (Pryor
v. California Fair Plan Assn. (Sept. 29, 2011, B225066) [nonpub. opn.].) In his
opposition to the demurrer, Pryor attached his amended complaint in No. LC08053 filed
September 29, 2009. The amended complaint stated that he purchased the Valleyheart
property. Pryor also included the claim of his mechanics’ lien that was recorded on
March 31, 2010. This mechanics’ lien was almost an exact copy of the previous claim
but was less detailed in the services/materials provided, and Pryor was named as the
claimant, rather than his company. The lien stated the same amount of money that was



                                             6
due and owned to Pryor. Also instead of listing the Sun Valley address for Pryor’s
company, a P.O. Box in Sherman Oaks was listed.
       The trial court again sustained Deutsche Bank’s demurrer with leave to amend.


       Lease Agreements


       After the ruling on the demurrer to the second amended complaint, Pryor served
documents in response to Deutsche Bank’s request for production, which included
several leases. Deutsche Bank requested judicial notice of these documents, which the
trial court granted.
       The first lease agreement was between Albert Hanson and Pryor, for $1,200 a
month, for a property located at the Sun Valley address. There was an apparent attempt
to disguise the address by scribbling over it. The beginning of the lease period was left
blank, but Hanson’s signature shows that he signed the lease on August 5, 2007.
       The second lease agreement was an exact copy of the first, with two significant
changes. First, the address of the Valleyheart property has been written in after the
scribbled-over Sun Valley address. Second, the start date of December 2006 had been
inserted.
       The third lease agreement was attached to Pryor’s third amended complaint. The
agreement was made between The Donna Marie Ryan Trust and Pryor for rental of the
Valleyheart property from January 1, 2007, through January 1, 2008, for $2,000 a month.
Ryan signed the agreement in December 2006,4 and Pryor signed it on January 4, 2007.
       Pryor attached another lease agreement to his opposition to the demurrer to his
third amended complaint and then the same lease was attached to his fourth amended
complaint. The agreement was initialed by Pryor on July 12, 2008, and Donna Ryan


       4  The day in December 2006 in which Ryan signed the lease agreement is
illegible.

                                             7
Estate on July 18, 2008. The agreement stated that Ryan would rent the Valleyheart
property to Pryor from August 1, 2008, through July 31, 2009 for $1,200 a month.5
       Another exhibit attached by Pryor to his fourth amended complaint indicates that
his address was 8545 Balboa Boulevard, #109, Northridge, CA on December 14, 2009.


       Bankruptcy Proceedings6


       On April 13, 2009, Pryor filed a Summary of Schedules with the United States
Bankruptcy Court in the Central District of California. Under penalty of perjury, Pryor
declared that he owned $2,440 in personal property, claiming $300 in furniture and
appliances, and $300 in clothing. The other personal property listed was a personal
checking and savings account for $15 and $5, respectively. Also, Pryor listed a 1999
Ford Explorer for $1,820. Pryor declared he owned the Valleyheart property and was
paying $7,700 a month in rent or mortgage for the property.


Fourth Amended Complaint


       On January 22, 2013, Pryor filed his operative fourth amended complaint against
Deutsche Bank alleging unlawful eviction and conversion, concurrently with a request for
judicial notice and a memorandum of points and authorities. As to the conversion claim,


       5  The fourth lease agreement was filed by Pryor in his opposition to the demurrer
to his third amended complaint and then with his request for judicial notice, concurrently
filed with his fourth amended complaint. This lease agreement was only one page and
did not include initials from Pryor or Donna Ryan Estate, along with the date signed. It
was not until Pryor’s second request for judicial notice to his fourth amended complaint
that he included that second page with the parties’ initials and date executed.

       The trial court took judicial notice of Pryor’s Summary of Schedules filed by
       6
Deutsche Bank concerning his bankruptcy proceedings.

                                            8
Pryor alleges that he “was, and still is, rightful owner” of the personal property located at
the Valleyheart property, and therefore entitled to possession of that property. Pryor
alleged his personal property had a value of $211,375. He further alleged that Deutsche
Bank wrongfully and without just or reasonable cause took possession of the Valleyheart
property by locking him out on March 2, 2010. Moreover, Deutsche Bank had no right to
the possession of the Valleyheart property because it failed to “lawfully terminate
[Pryor’s] possession of the premises.” Deutsche Bank then allegedly converted Pryor’s
personal property to its own use. Deutsche Bank also failed to take reasonable steps to
notify Pryor that it intended to remove and discard his personal property. Deutsche Bank
sold a portion of Pryor’s personal property. Deutsche Bank then denied Pryor’s repeated
attempts to recover his personal property. These alleged actions demonstrate Deutsche
Bank’s intent in converting Pryor’s property, and as a proximate result of Deutsche
Bank’s conversion, Pryor sustained damages.
       On February 25, 2013, Deutsche Bank filed a demurrer, along with a request for
judicial notice and opposition to Pryor’s request for judicial notice. Deutsche Bank
contended Pryor failed to plead the lawful possession element of conversion because he
cannot allege that he was in possession of the Valleyheart property at the time of
foreclosure, and therefore cannot allege that he had any lawful possession of personal
affects of the property. Deutsche Bank pointed out that Pryor alleged in his three
previous pleadings that he was the owner of the Valleyheart property until he merely
alleged he was a lessee of the Valleyheart property in his opposition to the demurrer to
the second amended complaint. In Pryor’s third and fourth amended complaint, Pryor
now alleges he was not the title owner of the Valleyheart property but contends that he
was a tenant from December 2006 until March 2, 2010. Pryor’s allegation that he was a
tenant at the Valleyheart property is contradicted by allegations he made prior pleadings,
by discovery responses and exhibits in this lawsuit, and in prior lawsuits. Moreover,
Pryor provides no explanation for these contradictions. Pryor cannot explain his
inconsistent allegation that he was a tenant because it is contradicted by allegations he

                                              9
made in this lawsuit and in prior lawsuits, which demonstrates a pattern of sham
pleading.
       Pryor also failed to plead any wrongful act or disposition by Deutsche Bank.
Pryor only makes conclusory allegations without any factual support. He failed to
establish how Deutsche Bank’s alleged taking of the personal property following a proper
foreclosure under California’s nonjudicial foreclosure statutes was wrongful. In Pryor’s
first amended complaint and in his opposition to Deutsche Bank’s demurrer to that
complaint, Pryor attached a letter from Cyprexx Services which informed the recipient
that personal property had been removed on behalf of the owner and could be retrieved
from contacting Cyprexx’s office. Because the Cyprexx letter established that Deutsche
Bank merely “carried away and stored [Pryor’s] personal property in [his] name,” there
cannot be any conversion as a matter of law. Deutsche Bank contended that the trial
court recognized in its ruling on the prior demurrer that such a letter is allowed under
Civil Code sections 1988 and 1989, and stated that Pryor must explain how such a letter
did not comply with the sections in order to avoid a sham pleading. Pryor’s attachment
of the Cyprexx letter demonstrated Deutsche Bank’s compliance with the safe harbor
provisions of the statute. Thus, there are no facts pleaded to establish any intent by
Deutsche Bank to convert Pryor’s personal property.
       On April 10, 2013, Pryor filed a second request for judicial notice along with his
opposition to the demurrer. On May 3, 2013, Deutsche Bank filed its reply in support of
the demurrer. Deutsche Bank contended that Pryor is barred by the sham pleading
doctrine. “Just as the Court ruled when it previously sustained [Deutsche Bank’s]
demurrers to the Second Amended Complaint (“SAC”) and Third Amended Complaint
(“TAC”), [Pryor’s] Fourth Amended Complaint (“4AC”) is subject to the Sham Pleading
Doctrine. In fact, with each new pleading, [Pryor’s] sham pleading problem just gets
worse - his foundational allegation that he was a tenant in the [Valleyheart] Property is
now contradicted by several prior lawsuits, four conflicting leases, his prior pleadings in
this case, recorded documents, and multiple exhibits to his own complaints, all of which

                                             10
are judicially noticeable.” Furthermore, Deutsche Bank contended that Pryor does not
plead conversion because he fails to allege facts to establish (1) a wrongful act or
disposition by Deutsche Bank, or (2) that Deutsche Bank did not fall under the safe
harbor provision of Civil Code section 1988. Because Pryor has never addressed these
defects, he waives any objection to them, and the court should sustain the demurrer.
       On May 10, 2013, the trial court granted Deutsche Bank’s request for judicial
notice in its entirety but denied Pryor’s multiple requests for judicial notice. The court
sustained the demurrer without leave to amend. In support of its ruling, “The Court finds
that [Pryor] engaged in sham pleading. The Court takes note of the fact that when
[Pryor] realized his claims based on his alleged ownership of the [Valleyheart] Property
were invalid, he changed his position to claim that he was a tenant leasing the property
from the true owner. The Court holds that [Pryor] failed to provide an adequate
explanation for his change in position or why his tenancy status was not raised until the
Third Amended Complaint. The Court also holds that [Pryor] engaged in sham pleading
and failed to provide an adequate explanation for inconsistent and contradictory leases
that he attached to his pleadings, and for inconsistent and contradictory allegations in his
other lawsuits.” With respect to the conversion claim, the court held that Pryor “violated
the Sham Pleading Doctrine because he did not provide a sufficient explanation for a
letter from Cyprexx Services that was attached to [his] First Amended Complaint and to
his objection to [Deutsche Bank’s] Demurrer to First Amended Complaint.” The court
found “that the Cyprexx letter complied with Civil Code sections 1174 & 1988-89 by
stating that personal property removed from the Property was being held on behalf of the
owner and describing how such personal property could be retrieved.” The court then
entered judgment of dismissal in favor of Deutsche Bank. Pryor filed a timely notice of
appeal.




                                             11
                                      DISCUSSION


Standard of Review


       “A demurrer tests the legal sufficiency of the factual allegations in a complaint.
We independently review the sustaining of a demurrer and determine de novo whether
the complaint alleges facts sufficient to state a cause of action or discloses a complete
defense. [Citation.] We assume the truth of the properly pleaded factual allegations,
facts that reasonably can be inferred from those expressly pleaded and matters of which
judicial notice has been taken. [Citation.] We construe the pleading in a reasonable
manner and read the allegations in context. [Citation.] We must affirm the judgment if
the sustaining of a general demurrer was proper on any of the grounds stated in the
demurrer, regardless of the trial court’s stated reasons. [Citation.]” (Siliga v. Mortgage
Electronic Registration Systems, Inc. (2013) 219 Cal.App.4th 75, 81.)
       “It is an abuse of discretion to sustain a demurrer without leave to amend if there
is a reasonable probability that the defect can be cured by amendment. [Citation.] The
burden is on the plaintiff to demonstrate how the complaint can be amended to state a
valid cause of action. [Citation.] The plaintiff can make that showing for the first time
on appeal. [Citation.]” (Siliga v. Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc., supra,
219 Cal.App.4th at p. 81.)


The Sham Pleading Doctrine


       Deutsche Bank contends the trial court correctly sustained the demurrer to the
fourth amended complaint because the entire complaint was a sham pleading. We agree.
       “‘“Generally, after an amended pleading has been filed, courts will disregard the
original pleading. [Citation.] [¶] However, an exception to this rule is found . . . where
an amended complaint attempts to avoid defects set forth in a prior complaint by ignoring

                                             12
them. The court may examine the prior complaint to ascertain whether the amended
complaint is merely a sham.” [Citation.] . . . Moreover, any inconsistencies with prior
pleadings must be explained; if the pleader fails to do so, the court may disregard the
inconsistent allegations. [Citation.] Accordingly, a court is “not bound to accept as true
allegations contrary to factual allegations in former pleading in the same case.”
[Citation.]’ (Vallejo Development Co. v. Beck Development Co. (1994) 24 Cal.App.4th
929, 946 []; State of California ex rel. Metz v. CCC Information Services, Inc. (2007) 149
Cal.App.4th 402, 412 (CCC Information Services) [‘“[u]nder the sham pleading doctrine,
plaintiffs are precluded from amending complaints to omit harmful allegations, without
explanation, from previous complaints to avoid attacks raised in demurrers or motions for
summary judgment”’].)” (Larson v. UHS of Rancho Springs, Inc. (2014) 230
Cal.App.4th 336, 343-344.)
       “This exception applies not only to an amended pleading filed in the same action,
but also to the first pleading filed in a separate action: ‘Both trial and appellate courts
may properly take judicial notice of a party’s earlier pleadings and positions as well as
established facts from both the same case and other cases. [Citations.] The complaint
should be read as containing the judicially noticeable facts, “even when the pleading
contains an express allegation to the contrary.” [Citation.] A plaintiff may not avoid a
demurrer by pleading facts or positions in an amended complaint that contradict the facts
pleaded in the original complaint or by suppressing facts which prove the pleaded facts
false. [Citation.] Likewise, the plaintiff may not plead facts that contradict the facts or
positions that the plaintiff pleaded in earlier actions or suppress facts that prove the
pleaded facts false. [Citation.]’ (Cantu v. Resolution Trust Corp. (1992) 4 Cal.App.4th
857, 877, original italics (Cantu).)” (Larson v. UHS of Rancho Springs, Inc., supra, 230
Cal.App.4th at p. 344.)
       “‘“‘The principle is that of truthful pleading.’” [Citation.] When the plaintiff
pleads inconsistently in separate actions, the plaintiff’s complaint is nothing more than a
sham that seeks to avoid the effect of a demurrer. [Citations.] Under such circumstances,

                                              13
the court will disregard the falsely pleaded facts and affirm the demurrer.’ (Cantu, supra,
4 Cal.App.4th at pp. 877-878, original italics; see CCC Information Services, supra, 149
Cal.App.4th at p. 412 [affirming trial court ruling sustaining demurrer because plaintiff
bound by inconsistent factual allegations in complaint from earlier action]; Henry v.
Clifford (1995) 32 Cal.App.4th 315, 322-323 [same].)” (Larson v. UHS of Rancho
Springs, Inc., supra, 230 Cal.App.4th at p. 344.)
       The trial court was entitled to guard against sham pleadings in order to prevent
abuse in the litigation process. Pryor claimed he was not only the owner of the
Valleyheart property but also the borrower on the loan agreement. The documents
judicially noticed by the trial court contradict Pryor’s claim, as he is not on any of the
loan documents or other recorded documents related to the Valleyheart property. Pryor
has not adequately explained the reasons behind his shift from complete ownership to
tenancy. Moreover, he stated in his previous pleadings that he remained at the
Valleyheart property from December 2006 to March 2010. However, in his most recent
complaint, he stated he did not occupy the property during construction and open houses.
Then in a different lawsuit, No. LC08053, Pryor stated the Valleyheart property was
unoccupied from November 22, 2006, through December 2008. In the same litigation,
Pryor stated in his opening brief on appeal that “in June 2007, he was relocated due to
terrorist threats and was at that time not occupying the property.” (Pryor v. California
Fair Plan Assn. (Sept. 29, 2011, B225066) [nonpub. opn.].) Pryor also listed an address
in Northridge as his residence several months prior to the alleged lockout from the
Valleyheart property by Deutsche Bank. This is a direct contradiction of his previous
pleadings where he alleged the Valleyheart property was his only place of residence from
December 2006 to March 2010.
       Additionally, Pryor provided the court with a total of four different lease
agreements that allegedly substantiated his claim that he was a tenant at Valleyheart
property. But the first two lease agreements were between Pryor and Henson, an
individual who was not the owner or alleged to have had any ownership interest in the

                                              14
Valleyheart property. Also, both add support to a finding of sham pleading, because the
first lease address was at the Sun Valley address, which appeared to be scratched out, and
the second lease agreement listed the Valleyheart property address after the scratched out
portion. All the leases submitted by Pryor varied in the time period of tenancy, the
amount of monthly rental payment, and completely contradicted his statements made
under oath at his bankruptcy proceedings in April 2009. Pryor declared he paid $7,700 in
monthly rent or mortgage payments. This amount is an inexplicable variance from the
lease agreements, which at most stated $2,000 a month in rent.
       The trial court reasonably concluded by the time of the fourth amended complaint
that Pryor had engaged in a pervasive attempt to manipulate the pleadings with
inexplicably inconsistent allegations. Absent an explanation in his pleading for the
barrage of inconsistent allegations, the trial court was free under the sham pleading
doctrine not to accept the truth of the allegations.


Conversion Cause of Action


       Pryor argues on appeal that the fourth amended complaint stated all the elements
of a conversion cause of action, and on that basis, the demurrer should have been
overruled. Pryor’s argument views the record in a far too narrow fashion, giving no
consideration to the allegations of the fourth amended complaint that are inconsistent
with Pryor’s myriad of pleadings in this and other actions. Contrary to his contention on
appeal, Pryor cannot overcome the sham pleading doctrine by simply pointing to the
allegations in his conversion cause of action, without explanation for the multitude of
claims regarding his relationship to the Valleyheart property, his actual residence, the
written notice he received, and the value of his personal property.
       The elements of conversion are: (1) plaintiff’s ownership or right to possession of
the property at the time of the conversion; (2) defendant’s conversion by wrongful act or
disposition of plaintiff’s property rights; and (3) damages. (Hartford Financial Corp. v.

                                              15
Burns (1979) 96 Cal.App.3d 591, 598.) Conversion is a strict liability tort. (E.g., Moore
v. Regents of University of California (1990) 51 Cal.3d 120, 144; Byer v. Canadian Bank
of Commerce (1937) 8 Cal.2d 297, 300 [misdelivery by a person entrusted with property
of another constitutes a conversion of property, even if such person acted innocently and
by mistake]; see also City of Los Angeles v. Superior Court (1978) 85 Cal.App.3d 143,
149 [“Conversion is a species of strict liability in which questions of good faith, lack of
knowledge and motive are ordinarily immaterial”].)
       Pryor is correct that, on its face, the fourth amended complaint alleged the
elements of conversion. Pryor alleged that he was, and still is, the rightful owner of the
personal property located at the Valleyheart property, and entitled to possession of the
personal property. Contrary to Deutsche Bank’s contentions, the fact that Pryor alleges
he is a tenant or owner of the Valleyheart property is irrelevant in alleging a conversion
claim. (5 Witkins, Summary of Cal. Law (10th ed. 2005) Torts, § 699, p. 1023 [the tort
of conversion applies to personal property, not real property].) Pryor further stated that
Deutsche Bank wrongfully and without just or reasonable cause took possession of the
Valleyheart property, causing Pryor to be locked out of the property. Deutsche Bank,
without notification, then sold a portion of Pryor’s personal property. Pryor attempted to
recover his personal property but was repeatedly denied by Deutsche Bank. (Biard v.
Olsheski (1929) 102 Cal.App. 452, 454 [“no particular form of words is essential in
averring a conversion, provided the fact of the conversion is sufficiently stated, and it is
unnecessary to set forth in what way or by what means the conversion was
accomplished”].) Lastly, as a proximate cause of Deutsche Bank’s conversion, Pryor
alleges he suffered $211,375 in damages.
       Although Pryor alleged the elements of a conversion claim, the sham pleading
doctrine commands a more thorough analysis of the failure to address the inconsistencies
in his pleadings that relate to that cause of action. Pryor’s claim of $211,375 in damages
is fatally inconsistent with the Summary of Schedules he filed in bankruptcy court less
than one year before the alleged conversion. Pryor has consistently stated throughout his

                                             16
prior pleadings that $211,375 worth of his personal property was at the Valleyheart
property. The trial court took judicial notice of Pryor’s bankruptcy proceedings in April
2009, in which he declared under penalty of perjury that he only had $600 worth of
personal property, aside from his bank accounts and a vehicle. This is not the only
inconsistency in Pryor’s conversion claim. Pryor alleged in the fourth amended
complaint that when he moved into the Valleyheart property, he brought along his
personal possessions acquired over 32 years of his adult life. Pryor offers no explanation
for why he stated under penalty of perjury in April 2009 that the value of his personal
property was $600, but that shortly thereafter the value of personal property, acquired
over 32 years of adult life, had ballooned to $211,375. This inconsistency, in our view, is
inextricably attached to the multitude of other unexplained inconsistencies revealed
throughout the history of this litigation. Based on his extensive history of sham pleading,
the trial court was free to reject the traditional rule that facts are accepted as true for the
purposes of demurrer. The trial court did not err in sustaining Deutsche Bank’s demurrer
to the conversion cause of action.


Leave to Amend: Inadequate Record


       Pryor contends the trial court abused its discretion by not affording him the
opportunity to amend his complaint. He further argues that even if the trial court did not
abuse its discretion, he now has counsel who can amend the pleading to state a cause of
action for conversion. We disagree.
       In order to demonstrate an abuse of discretion by the trial court, an appellant is
obliged “to provide an accurate record on appeal . . . . Failure to do so precludes an
adequate review and results in affirmance of the trial court’s determination. [Citation.]”
(Estrada v. Ramirez (1999) 71 Cal.App.4th 618, 620, fn. 1.) Pryor has not provided a
sufficient record to demonstrate error on the part of the trial court. The record does not
contain the reporter’s transcript or suitable substitute, such as a settled or agreed

                                               17
statement, of the hearing on the demurrer. Without a record of oral proceedings in the
trial court, Pryor cannot establish an abuse of discretion in denial of leave to amend.
       Pryor points out in his briefing that he represented himself in the trial court, and
suggests this circumstance is a basis for some relaxation of the pleading rules, now that
he has counsel on appeal. The law is to the contrary—“mere self-representation is not a
ground for exceptionally lenient treatment.” (Rappleyea v. Campbell (1994) 8 Cal.4th
975, 984.) The rule requiring truthful pleading certainly should not be relaxed based
upon whether a plaintiff has secured representation. The burden on the courts and the
expense incurred by a defendant in a case involving sham pleadings are the same
regardless of the status of representation of the plaintiff.
       Although Pryor is correct that an appellate court may also grant leave to amend, he
makes no persuasive argument as to how he could amend in the face of his hopelessly
inconsistent pleadings. Pryor’s appellate argument that he could amend to explain why
the Cyprexx Services letter was insufficient to satisfy his rights as a tenant would not
even remotely explain the multitude of inconsistent pleadings regarding his connection to
the Valleyheart property. Previous allegations are read into the complaint under the sham
pleading doctrine, which in this case means Pryor was not a tenant because he alleged he
was an owner, investor, or workman on the premises. At oral argument, we inquired as
to how Pryor could amend his complaint to correct the barrage of inconsistencies.
Counsel argued that Pryor would amend his alleged damages from $211,375 to $600,
which would be aligned with his declaration made under penalty of perjury at the
bankruptcy court. We find the proposed amendment does not begin to address Pryor’s
failure to provide reasonable explanations for his inconsistencies in his prior pleading, its
exhibits, judicially noticed documents, and pleadings in other lawsuits. As a result, we
hold the trial court did not abuse its discretion in sustaining the demurrer without leave to
amend.




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                                   DISPOSITION


      The judgment is affirmed. Costs on appeal are award to Deutsche Bank.




             KRIEGLER, J.


We concur:




             MOSK, Acting P. J.




             GOODMAN, J. *




      * Judge of the Los Angeles County Superior Court, assigned by the Chief Justice
pursuant to article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.
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