J. A19033/18


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

M.L.G.,                                    :     IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                           :           PENNSYLVANIA
                           Appellant       :
                                           :
                      v.                   :          No. 335 MDA 2018
                                           :
L.M.G.                                     :


                 Appeal from the Order Entered January 25, 2018.
                  in the Court of Common Pleas of Perry County
                         Civil Division at No. FC-2017-144


BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., NICHOLS, J., AND FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.


MEMORANDUM BY FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.: FILED: JANUARY 4, 2019

         M.L.G. (“Father”) appeals pro se from the trial court’s January 25, 2018

order confirming its prior custody order entered September 14, 2017.1 L.M.G

(“Mother”) has filed a motion to dismiss or quash Father’s appeal. For the

following reasons, we deny Mother’s motion and affirm the order of the trial

court.

         The pertinent facts underlying this appeal, as gleaned from the certified

record, are as follows. J.A.G. (“Child”) was born out of wedlock to Mother and

Father in September 2013. The parties ceased co-habitation at some point

after Child’s birth, although the exact date of the parties’ separation is unclear




1The trial court’s January 25, 2018 order indicates that its prior custody order
was entered on September 12, 2017. However, September 12, 2017, is the
date of the order, and it was actually entered on September 14, 2017.
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from the record.       Upon separation, Mother maintained primary physical

custody of Child. On June 12, 2017, Father filed a pro se complaint seeking

partial physical custody of Child.       The trial court scheduled a pretrial

conference for July 11, 2017, which was ultimately held on July 27, 2017.

Thereafter, on August 3, 2017, the trial court issued an interim order noting

that the parties reached a temporary agreement pending participation in a

custody conciliation conference, and granted Mother and Father shared

physical custody of Child “as mutually agreed to by the parties.” (Trial court

order, 8/3/17 at ¶¶ A-B.)

        Following a custody conciliation conference, the trial court issued a

custody order on September 14, 2017, awarding shared legal custody of Child

to Mother and Father, primary physical custody to Mother, and partial physical

custody every other weekend to Father.           (Trial court order, 9/14/17 at

¶¶ A-B.) On September 28, 2017, the trial court entered an order directing

Father to submit to a criminal conviction evaluation pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A.

§ 5329.2 Thereafter, on October 4, 2017, Mother filed a petition requesting


2   Section 5329 provides, in relevant part, as follows:

              (a)   Offenses.--Where a party seeks any form of
                    custody, the court shall consider whether that
                    party or member of that party’s household has
                    been convicted of or has pleaded guilty or no
                    contest to any of the offenses in this section or
                    an offense in another jurisdiction substantially
                    equivalent to any of the offenses in this section.
                    The court shall consider such conduct and
                    determine that the party does not pose a threat


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Father submit to a hair follicle drug test. On October 11 and 24, 2017, the

trial court entered orders directing Father to undergo hair follicle drug testing.

Thereafter, on November 7, 2017, the trial court again directed Father to

obtain hair follicle drug testing, at his expense, at Management Information

Services, by November 30, 2017.3

      A custody hearing was ultimately held in this matter on January 5, 2018.

Following this hearing, the trial court entered an order on January 25, 2018,

confirming its September 14, 2017 custody order. In said order, the trial court

reiterated its concerns that Father has repeatedly disregarded its prior orders

directing him to submit to hair follicle drug testing as follows:

            The Court continues to be concerned that Father has
            continued to disregard this Court’s previous orders of
            October and November directing that he submit to a
            hair follicle test. Father is therefore DIRECTED and
            ORDERED, once again, to submit to the hair follicle
            test and to have the results forwarded to this Court
            on or before February 15, 2018. In the event that the

                  of harm to the child before making any order of
                  custody to that party . . . .

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 5329(a).

3 During the pendency of these custody proceedings, both parties filed
Protection From Abuse (“PFA”) petitions against each other. Following a
hearing on October 11, 2017, the transcript of which does not appear in the
certified record, the trial court found that Father did not meet his burden of
proof and dismissed his PFA petition. (See trial court order, 10/11/17.)
Mother, in turn, was granted a PFA against Father. Father subsequently filed
a motion for reconsideration of the PFA order, which was denied on
November 2, 2017. Father did not timely appeal this order. The time for
appealing the October 11, 2017 dismissal of his PFA petition has long since
passed, and any issues Father purports to raise with respect to this petition
or any other custody matters are not properly before this court.


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            Court does not receive any report prior to that date it
            shall STOP Father’s visitation with the minor child and
            said visitation shall only be resumed upon a receipt
            from the testing facility that Father has passed said
            test.

Trial court order, 1/25/18 at ¶ 2.

      On February 12, 2018, Father filed a timely notice of appeal but failed

to attach a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal, in accordance

with Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) and Pa.R.A.P. 905(a)(2). On February 20, 2018,

the trial court issued an order indicating that it was “not . . . aware of what

issues [Father] is appealing,” but that its January 25, 2018 opinion properly

examined the custody factors supporting its decision, and it was declining to

file a supplemental opinion.     (Trial court order, 2/20/18.)     Thereafter, on

February 22, 2018, the trial court entered an order directing that Father’s

visitation with Child cease immediately following his repeated refusal to submit

to a hair follicle drug test. (Trial court order, 2/22/18.) Father ultimately filed

his concise statement on March 2, 2018. On April 20, 2018, Mother filed a

motion to dismiss or quash Father’s appeal.4

      Preliminarily, we note that in children’s fast track cases, there is no

per se rule requiring that a defective notice of appeal be automatically

quashed or dismissed. In In re K.T.E.L., 983 A.2d 745 (Pa.Super. 2009), a

panel of this court recognized that the failure to file a Rule 1925(a)(2)(i)




4 By per curiam order entered July 12, 2018, Mother’s application to quash
or dismiss Father’s appeal was deferred to the merits panel for disposition.


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concise statement contemporaneously with the notice of appeal constitutes “a

defective notice of appeal,” and we dispose of such matters on a case-by-case

basis pursuant to Stout v. Universal Underwriters Ins. Co., 421 A.2d 1047

(Pa. 1980). In re K.T.E.L., 983 A.2d at 747. In Stout, our supreme court

held that “[t]he extreme action of dismissal should be imposed by an appellate

court sparingly, and clearly would be inappropriate when there has been

substantial compliance with the rules and when the party [moving for quashal

of the appeal] has suffered no prejudice.” Stout, 421 A.2d at 1049. Based

on the foregoing principles, we decline to dismiss Father’s appeal on this basis.

      Alternatively, this appeal could be dismissed based on Father’s woefully

deficient pro se appellate brief. As noted, Mother has filed a motion to dismiss

or quash Father’s appeal, in part, on this basis. (See “Motion to Quash or

Dismiss Appeal,” 4/20/18 at ¶¶ 6-14.)

      It is well settled that parties to an appeal are required to submit briefs

in conformity, in all material respects, with the requirements of the Rules of

Appellate Procedure, as nearly as the circumstances of the particular case will

admit. Pa.R.A.P. 2101. “Although this Court is willing to liberally construe

materials filed by a pro se litigant, pro se status confers no special benefit

upon the appellant.” In re Ullman, 995 A.2d 1207, 1211-1212 (Pa.Super.

2010) (citations omitted), appeal denied, 20 A.3d 489 (Pa. 2011). We will

not advocate or act as counsel for an appellant who has not substantially

complied with our rules.    Bombar v. W. Am. Ins. Co., 932 A.2d 78, 93



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(Pa.Super. 2007) (citation omitted). “This Court may quash or dismiss an

appeal if the appellant fails to conform to the requirements set forth in the

Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure.”       Ullman, 995 A.2d at 1211

(citation omitted); see also Pa.R.A.P. 2101.

      Here, Father’s brief falls well below the standards delineated in

Rule 2111(a).    Specifically, we observe that Father’s brief contains no

statement of jurisdiction, no specification of the order or determination sought

to be reviewed, no statement of the scope or standard of review, no statement

of the case, and no summary of the argument.         Pa.R.A.P. 2111(a)(1)-(3),

(5)-(6). Among other significant deficiencies, Father’s brief also fails to set

forth a specific statement of the questions involved. See id. at 2111(a)(4).

Father’s failure to include a statement of the questions involved is particularly

troubling as this requirement defines the specific issues this court is being

asked to review.     See Pa.R.A.P. 2116(a) (stating, inter alia, that “the

statement will be deemed to include every subsidiary question fairly

comprised therein. No question will be considered unless it is stated in the

statement of questions involved or is fairly suggested thereby.”). Moreover,

Father’s brief does not include a single citation to the notes of testimony or

any relevant legal authority. See Giant Food Stores, LLC v. THF Silver

Spring Dev., L.P., 959 A.2d 438, 444 (Pa. Super. 2008) (stating, “[t]he Rules

of Appellate Procedure state unequivocally that each question an appellant

raises is to be supported by discussion and analysis of pertinent authority.



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Failure to do so constitutes waiver of the claim[]”) (citations omitted), appeal

denied, 972 A.2d 522 (Pa. 2009); see also Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a) and (b).

      Given the substantial defects in Father’s brief, we could dismiss his

appeal for failure to comply with our Rules of Appellate Procedure. However,

in light of the fact that this case proceeded to oral argument, we will briefly

address Father’s sole cognizable issue on appeal. Here, Father has appealed

that part of the trial court’s January 25, 2018 order confirming its prior custody

order entered September 14, 2017, that directed him to submit to a hair

follicle drug test, the failure of which would result in the cessation of Father’s

visitation with Child. As best we can discern from his defective brief, Father’s

only cognizable issue on appeal is that the trial court erred in terminating his

visitation with Child due to his repeated failure to submit to a hair follicle drug

test. (Father’s brief at 5.5) Father avers that the hair follicle drug test is

“intrusive,” and he has a constitutional right to refuse the test, presumably

under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. (Id.)

      Our standard of review in custody matters is well settled.

            In reviewing a custody order, our scope is of the
            broadest type and our standard is abuse of discretion.
            We must accept findings of the trial court that are
            supported by competent evidence of record, as our
            role does not include making independent factual
            determinations. In addition, with regard to issues of
            credibility and weight of the evidence, we must defer
            to the presiding trial judge who viewed and assessed
            the witnesses first-hand. However, we are not bound

5 Father’s brief does not contain pagination. However, for the ease of our
discussion, we have assigned each page a corresponding number.


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            by the trial court’s deductions or inferences from its
            factual findings. Ultimately, the test is whether the
            trial court’s conclusions are unreasonable as shown by
            the evidence of record. We may reject the conclusions
            of the trial court only if they involve an error of law,
            or are unreasonable in light of the sustainable findings
            of the trial court.

G.A. v. D.L., 72 A.3d 264, 268-269 (Pa.Super. 2013) (citations and internal

quotation marks omitted).

      “When a trial court orders a form of custody, the best interest of the

child is paramount.” S.W.D. v. S.A.R., 96 A.3d 396, 400 (Pa.Super. 2014)

(citation omitted). To determine the child’s best interest, the trial court must

consider the 16 factors set forth at 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 5328(a) when awarding

custody. Id.

      Contrary to Father’s contention, this court has recognized that a trial

court possesses the broad authority, pursuant to Pa.R.C.P. 1915.8, to order a

party to undergo any mental and physical examinations it deems fit in actions

for custody or visitation, and such examinations do not violate the Fourth

Amendment.     See Luminella v. Marcocci, 814 A.2d 711, 722 (Pa.Super.

2002) (holding that, a provision in child custody order requiring mother to

undergo random drug testing did not violate reasonableness requirement of

Fourth Amendment). Rule 1915.8, Physical and Mental Examination of

Persons, provides as follows: “[t]he court may order the child(ren) and/or

any party to submit to and fully participate in an evaluation by an appropriate

expert or experts.” Pa.R.C.P. 1915.8(a). “The authority provided to courts



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by [Rule] 1915.8 is a manifestation of Pennsylvania’s compelling interest in

the welfare of children.” Id. at 724.

      Instantly, the trial court properly addressed each of the factors outlined

in Section 5328(a) in fashioning the September 14, 2017 custody order. See

J.R.M. v. J.E.A., 33 A.3d 647, 652 (Pa.Super. 2011) (stating, “[a]ll of the

factors listed in section 5328(a) are required to be considered by the trial court

when entering a custody order[]” (citation and emphasis omitted)).             In

addressing factor 14, “The history of drug or alcohol abuse of a party or

member of a party’s household[,]” the trial court explicitly found that:

            Father does have a DUI and a Felony conviction for
            Possession with Intent to Deliver, Conspiracy, and,
            therefore, this Factor weighs in Mother’s fa[vor].

            The Court would also note in the Memo that
            Father has been ordered since October of 2017
            to obtain a hair follicle drug test, which he has
            failed and refused to do.

Trial court opinion, 1/25/18 at 3 (emphasis added).6

      Upon review, we find that the record supports the trial court’s findings.

Father was ordered by the trial court no less than four times between

October 11, 2017 and January 25, 2018, to submit to a hair follicle drug test

to maintain his visitation with Child, but has repeatedly refused to comply with

the court’s myriad orders. As discussed, the trial court clearly possessed the




6 The trial court’s January 25, 2018 opinion not contain pagination. However,
for the ease of our discussion, we have assigned each page a corresponding
number.


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authority to do so under Rule 1915.8. Accordingly, we discern no abuse of

discretion on the part of the trial court in terminating Father’s visitation with

Child.     We, therefore, affirm the trial court’s January 25, 2018 order

confirming its prior custody order entered September 14, 2017.

         Order affirmed. Motion to quash denied.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 01/04/2019




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