         In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                 OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
                                           No. 16-580V
                                       Filed: April 8, 2019

    * * * * * * * * * * * * *                  *    *
    DOLORES SMOOT,                                  *      UNPUBLISHED
                                                    *
                 Petitioner,                        *
    v.                                              *      Decision on Interim Attorneys’ Fees and
                                                    *      Costs; Denial; Reasonable Basis
    SECRETARY OF HEALTH                             *
    AND HUMAN SERVICES,                             *
                                                    *
             Respondent.                            *
    * * * * * * * * * * * * *                  *    *

John Howie, Jr., Esq., Howie Law, PC, Dallas, TX, for petitioner.
Althea Davis, Esq., U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for respondent.

                DECISION ON INTERIM ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS1

Roth, Special Master:

        On May 16, 2016, Dolores Smoot (“Ms. Smoot,” or “petitioner”) filed a petition for
compensation under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.2 See Petition (“Pet.”),
ECF No. 1. Petitioner alleges that she developed neuromyelitis optica (“NMO”) as a result of
receiving an influenza vaccination on November 1, 2013. See Amended Petition (“Am. Pet.”),
ECF No. 37. Petitioner has requested an award of interim attorneys’ fees and costs. Petitioner’s
Motion is hereby DENIED.



1
  Although this Decision has been formally designated “unpublished,” it will nevertheless be posted on the
Court of Federal Claims’s website, in accordance with the E-Government Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-
347, 116 Stat. 2899, 2913 (codified as amended at 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2006)). This means the Decision
will be available to anyone with access to the internet. However, the parties may object to the Decision’s
inclusion of certain kinds of confidential information. Specifically, under Vaccine Rule 18(b), each party
has fourteen days within which to request redaction “of any information furnished by that party: (1) that is
a trade secret or commercial or financial in substance and is privileged or confidential; or (2) that includes
medical files or similar files, the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
privacy.” Vaccine Rule 18(b). Otherwise, the whole Decision will be available to the public. Id.

2
 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755. Hereinafter, for ease
of citation, all “§” references to the Vaccine Act will be to the pertinent subparagraph of 42 U.S.C. § 300aa
(2012).
                                      I. Procedural History

       On May 16, 2016, petitioner filed her Petition, alleging that she received a flu vaccination
on November 1, 2013, which caused her to suffer from transverse myelitis (“TM”). Pet. at 1, 12,
ECF No. 1. Petitioner filed an affidavit, medical records, and a Statement of Completion on May
17, 2016. Petitioner’s Exhibits (“Pet. Ex.”) 1, 12-13, ECF No. 5; Pet. Ex. 2-11, ECF No. 6;
Statement of Completion, ECF No. 7.

       During the initial status conference on July 14, 2016, petitioner’s counsel confirmed that
he was in the process of obtaining supplemental medical records; petitioner was ordered to file
outstanding medical records and an amended statement of completion by September 12, 2016.
Scheduling Order at 1, ECF No. 10. Respondent was ordered to file a status report thereafter. Id.

         Petitioner filed additional medical records throughout August and September before filing
a Statement of Completion on September 12, 2016. See Pet. Ex. 14-15, ECF No. 11; Pet. Ex. 16,
ECF No. 12; Pet. Ex. 17, ECF No. 14; Pet. Ex. 18, ECF No. 15; Statement of Completion, ECF
No. 16. Respondent filed a status report (“Resp. S.R.”) on October 12, 2016, requesting a deadline
to file his Rule 4(c) Report. Resp. S.R. at 1, ECF No. 17.

        Respondent filed his Rule 4(c) Report (“Resp. Rpt.”) on December 2, 2016, indicating that
this matter was not appropriate for compensation. Resp. Rpt., ECF No. 18. Respondent noted that,
at the time that petitioner received the allegedly causal vaccination, her medical history was
significant for supraventricular tachycardia requiring a catheter ablation procedure, hypertension,
migraines, and rotator cuff syndrome. Id. at 1-2.

        During a status conference held on February 1, 2017, respondent’s counsel requested that
petitioner’s expert report address the following items:

       (1) which injury petitioner is alleging, transverse myelitis or neuromyelitis optica;
       (2) the relapsing-remitting nature of petitioner’s alleged injury in contrast with the
       monophasic presentation of transverse myelitis; (3) petitioner’s receipt of influenza
       and pneumococcal vaccinations along with having a “surgical” procedure of
       cardiovascular ablation at the same time; and (4) how the influenza vaccine would
       be the cause of the alleged injuries and not the pneumococcal vaccination, the
       cardiovascular ablation, or a combination of any of the three.

Scheduling Order at 1, ECF No. 22. Petitioner was ordered to file an expert report by May 2, 2017.
Id.

         On April 4, 2017, petitioner filed an unopposed Motion for Extension of Time until June
2, 2017, to file her expert report, which was granted. ECF No. 23; Non-PDF Order, dated Apr. 4,
2017. On April 10, 2017, petitioner filed additional medical records. Pet. Ex. 19-21, ECF No. 24.
On June 1, 2017, petitioner filed an unopposed Motion for Extension of Time until July 6, 2017,
to file her expert report, which was granted. ECF No. 25; Non-PDF Order, dated June 1, 2017.




                                                 2
        Petitioner filed an expert report and supporting medical literature from Dr. Steinman, a
neurologist, on July 6, 2017. Pet. Ex. 22-23, ECF No. 26; Pet. Ex. 24-28, ECF No. 27; Pet. Ex. 29-
33, ECF No. 28; Pet. Ex. 34-37, ECF No. 29; Pet. Ex. 38-42, ECF No. 30; Pet. Ex. 43-46, ECF
No. 31.

        Following a request for an extension of time (“Resp. Motion”), which was granted,
respondent filed a status report (“Resp. S.R.”) on October 20, 2017, advising that respondent was
in the process of obtaining expert reports. Resp. Motion, ECF No. 32; Non-PDF Order, dated Sept.
5, 2017; Resp. S.R. at 1, ECF No. 34.

       Following a second request for an extension of time (“Resp. 2nd Motion”), which was
granted, respondent filed expert reports and supporting medical literature from Dr. Donofrio, a
neurologist, and Dr. Whitton, an immunologist, on February 12, 2018. Resp. 2nd Motion, ECF No.
35; Non-PDF Order, dated Jan. 10, 2018; Resp. Ex. A, C, ECF No. 36.

        A status conference was held in April 12, 2018. During the conference, it was noted that
both Dr. Steinman and Dr. Donofrio agreed that petitioner’s alleged injury fit the criteria for NMO
rather than TM. Scheduling Order at 1, ECF No. 37. Petitioner’s counsel then confirmed that, since
the Petition was filed, petitioner had received an official diagnosis of NMO; petitioner intended to
amend the Petition to reflect the change in her diagnosis. Id. Counsel for both parties were
encouraged to review the decision issued in Calise v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 08-
865V, 2011 WL 1230155, at *3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 14, 2011), as it was noted to be very
similar to the instant matter, with the exception that the petitioner in Calise had sero-positive NMO
and the petitioner in the instant matter has sero-negative NMO. Id. Petitioner was advised that she
needed to provide an explanation for what it meant to have sero-negative NMO, and “how
petitioner’s lack of elevated inflammatory markers or any indication of immune response” affected
Dr. Steinman’s theory. Id. Petitioner was ordered to file an amended petition and a supplemental
expert report from Dr. Steinman. Id.

         On May 14, 2018, petitioner filed an Amended Petition alleging that the influenza
vaccination she received on November 1, 2013 caused her to develop NMO. Am. Pet. at 1, ECF
No. 37. On June 11, 2018, petitioner filed a supplemental expert report and supporting medical
literature from Dr. Steinman. Pet. Ex. 48-49, ECF No. 39; Pet. Ex. 50-55, ECF No. 40; Pet. Ex.
56-61, ECF No. 41.3 Respondent was ordered to file responsive expert reports by August 13, 2018.
Non-PDF Order, dated June 14, 2018.

         Following an unopposed Motion for Extension of Time, which was granted, respondent
filed a responsive expert report from Dr. Whitton on October 12, 2018. Motion, ECF No. 44; Non-
PDF Order, dated Aug. 2, 2018; Resp. Ex. E, ECF No. 48. After reviewing Dr. Whitton’s
responsive report, I issued an order for Dr. Steinman to file a supplemental expert report.
Scheduling Order at 1, ECF No. 49. I noted that Dr. Steinman relied on the theory of molecular

3
 On June 25, 2018, petitioner filed a Motion to Strike Pet. Ex. 50, an article of medical literature. Motion,
ECF No. 42. This was granted. Order, ECF No. 43. On September 28, 2018, petitioner filed a Motion to
Strike Pet. Ex 48, Dr. Steinman’s supplemental expert report. Motion, ECF No. 45. This was granted. Order,
ECF No. 46. Dr. Steinman’s supplemental expert report was refiled as Pet. Ex. 62. ECF No. 47.

                                                     3
mimicry to explain how an influenza vaccine could cause seronegative NMO. Id. In support of this
theory, Dr. Steinman pointed to “blast” searches identifying homologous proteins in the flu vaccine
and myelin. Id. Dr. Whitton criticized this approach, opining that homologies are common, and
questioning Dr. Steinman’s search methodology. Id. Most significantly, Dr. Whitton pointed out
that, while Dr. Steinman had identified several homologies between the flu vaccine and myelin,
he had no explained how these homologies triggered cross-reactive immune responses that would
result in the development of NMO. Id. Petitioner was advised that Dr. Steinman’s supplemental
report should contain a thorough explanation of how the homologies between the flu vaccine and
myelin resulted in the development of NMO. Id.

         Petitioner filed two supplemental reports from Dr. Steinman and supporting medical
literature on December 10 and 14, 2018. See Pet. Ex. 63-64, ECF No. 50; Pet. Ex. 65-66, ECF No.
51.

        Petitioner filed a Motion for Interim Attorneys’ Fees and Costs on January 23, 2019. ECF
No. 52. Petitioner then filed a Motion to Strike her application for interim fees, explaining that it
had been filed in the wrong matter. ECF No. 53. Petitioner’s Motion to Strike was granted. ECF
No. 54.

        On January 24, 2019, petitioner filed the instant Motion for Interim Attorneys’ Fees and
Costs (“Mot. Int. Fees”). ECF No. 55. Petitioner requests attorneys’ fees in the amount of
$45,952.70, and attorneys’ costs in the amount of $22,169.32, for a total amount of $68,122.02.
Id. at 5. In accordance with General Order #9, petitioner’s counsel represents that petitioner has
not incurred any out-of-pocket expenses. Id. at 12.

        On February 8, 2019, respondent filed a response to petitioner’s motion. Response, ECF
No. 56. Respondent “defers to the Special Master to determine whether or not petitioner met the
legal standard for an interim fees and costs award” as well as whether petitioner has met “the
statutory requirements for an award of attorney’s fees and costs…” Response at 2. Respondent
provided no specific objection to the amount requested or hours worked, but instead, “respectfully
recommend[ed] that the Special Master exercise her discretion and determine a reasonable award
for attorneys’ fees and costs.” Id. at 3.

        On February 11, 2019, petitioner filed a reply. Reply, ECF No. 57. Petitioner stated that
she had “inadvertently…failed to file a complete copy of her expense ledger and supporting
documents” and had attached a “true and correct copy” of her expenses and documentation to her
reply. Reply at 1.

        A Rule 5 status conference was scheduled for February 27, 2019; however, it was
determined that more information was needed before the Rule 5 conference could be held.
Scheduling Order at 1, ECF No. 58. During the conference, I noted that, in addition to IgG-negative
NMO, petitioner had also been diagnosed with lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and mixed connective
tissue disease (“MCTD”). Id. I asked counsel whether petitioner intended for her vaccine claim to
encompass her other autoimmune diseases in addition to NMO. Id. Further review of petitioner’s
records indicated that it is unclear which conditions petitioner suffers from. Id. Petitioner was
ordered to file complete rheumatology records, including records documenting her diagnosis of

                                                 4
rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, and all records relating to the diagnosis and treatment of her
MCTD. Id. at 2. Petitioner was also ordered to file a status report detailing which conditions she
suffers from and which conditions are being claimed as caused by the influenza vaccine, or if only
NMO is being. Id.

                                 II. Applicable Law and Analysis

        The Vaccine Act permits an award of “reasonable attorneys’ fees” and “other costs.”
§ 15(e)(1). If a petitioner succeeds on the merits of his or her claim, he or she is entitled to an
award of reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs. Id.; see Sebelius v. Cloer, 133 S. Ct. 1886, 1891
(2013). However, a petitioner need not prevail on entitlement to receive a fee award as long as the
petition was brought in “good faith” and there was a “reasonable basis” for the claim to proceed.
§ 15(e)(1).

        Respondent indicated that it was left to the special master’s discretion as to whether
petitioner had met “the statutory requirements for an award of attorney’s fees and costs…”,
presumably referring to the requirements of good faith and reasonable basis. See Response at 2.

        Good faith is a subjective inquiry that questions whether petitioner’s counsel exercised
adept professional judgement in determining whether a petitioner may be entitled to compensation.
Chuisano v. United States, 116 Fed. Cl. 276, 286 (2014) (citations omitted). In the absence of a
showing of bad faith, petitioners in the Vaccine Program are “entitled to a presumption of good
faith.” Grice v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 36 Fed. Cl. 114, 121 (1996). Petitioner has made
no showing of bad faith; therefore, I presume that petitioner has brought this claim in good faith.

         Reasonable basis is an objective standard determined by evaluating the sufficiency of the
medical records in petitioner’s possession at the time the claim is filed. “Special masters have
historically been quite generous in finding reasonable basis for petitions.” Turpin v. Sec’y of Health
& Human Servs., No. 99-564V, 2005 WL 1026714 at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Feb. 10, 2005).
However, the Federal Circuit recently denied an award of attorney’s fees based on petitioner’s lack
of reasonable basis. See Simmons v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 875 F. 3d 632, 636 (Fed.
Cir. 2017). In Simmons, the Federal Circuit determined that petitioner lacked reasonable basis for
filing a claim when, at the time of filing: (1) petitioner’s counsel failed to file proof of vaccination,
(2) there was no evidence of a diagnosis or persistence injury allegedly related to a vaccine in
petitioner’s medical records, and (3) the petitioner had disappeared for approximately two years
prior to the filing of the petition and only resurfaced shortly before the status of limitations deadline
on his claim expired. See id. at 634-35. The Federal Circuit specifically stated that the reasonable
basis inquiry is objective and unrelated to counsel’s conduct prior to filing a claim. The Court
consequently affirmed the lower court’s holding that petitioner’s counsel lacked reasonable basis
in filing this claim based on the insufficiency of petitioner’s medical records and proof of
vaccination at the time the petition was filed. Id. at 636.

        In light of Simmons, the Court of Federal Claims determined, “[I]n deciding reasonable
basis[,] the Special Master needs to focus on the requirements for the petition under the Vaccine
Act to determine if the elements have been asserted with sufficient evidence to make a feasible
claim for recovery. . . Under the objective standard articulated in Simmons, the Special Master

                                                   5
should have limited her review to the claim alleged in the petition to determine if it was feasible
based on the materials submitted.” Santacroce v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 15-555V,
2018 WL 405121 at *7 (Fed. Cl. 2018). When evaluating a case’s reasonable basis, petitioner’s
“burden [in demonstrating reasonable basis] has been satisfied . . . where a petitioner has submitted
a sworn statement, medical records, and [a] VAERS report which show that recovery is feasible.”
Id. Moreover, the special master may consider various objective factors including “the factual
basis of the claim, the novelty of the vaccine, and the novelty of the theory of causation.”
Amankwaa v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 138 Fed. Cl. 282, 289 (2018).

        In her application for interim fees, petitioner submitted that she has met the reasonable
basis requirement by virtue of the multiple expert reports authored on her behalf by Dr. Steinman.
Mot. Int. Fees at 2. Petitioner is correct that an expert opinion supported by medical literature
bolsters the basis for a claim. However, as discussed during a recent status conference, the medical
records are incomplete, and therefore, petitioner’s expert opinions are not based on a
comprehensive record.

        Petitioner’s counsel is currently working to acquire the outstanding medical records and
address other issues raised by respondent and the undersigned. In the setting of petitioner’s
complicated medical history and serious comorbidities, reasonable basis cannot be determined
until the medical records are complete and the experts have had the opportunity to provide opinions
based on the totality of the record.

        Once the entitlement phase of this matter has concluded, petitioner may file an application
for attorneys’ fees and costs, at which time reasonable basis will be determined.

     Based on the foregoing, petitioner’s Motion for Interim Attorneys’ Fees and Costs is
DENIED. The Clerk of the Court is directed to enter judgment in accordance with this Decision.4

       IT IS SO ORDERED.

                                                      s/ Mindy Michaels Roth
                                                      Mindy Michaels Roth
                                                      Special Master




4
  Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), entry of judgment can be expedited by each party filing a notice
renouncing the right to seek review.

                                                 6
