                    IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI

                                NO. 2009-CA-01068-SCT

DAVID DOLL AND SANDRA DOLL

v.

BSL, INC. d/b/a CASINO MAGIC BAY ST. LOUIS

DATE OF JUDGMENT:                         12/02/2008
TRIAL JUDGE:                              HON. JERRY O. TERRY, SR.
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:                HANCOCK COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS:                  DAVID CLIFTON MORRISON
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:                   DAVID W. STEWART
                                          MATTHEW JASON SUMRALL
NATURE OF THE CASE:                       CIVIL - PERSONAL INJURY
DISPOSITION:                              AFFIRMED - 06/10/2010
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

       BEFORE CARLSON, P.J., RANDOLPH AND KITCHENS, JJ.

       RANDOLPH, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:

¶1.    In April 2004, David and Sandra Doll (“the Dolls”) filed suit against BSL, Inc. d/b/a

Casino Magic Bay St. Louis (“BSL”) relating to injuries allegedly suffered by David Doll

while on BSL’s property. On December 2, 2008, the Circuit Court of Hancock County,

Mississippi, entered Final Judgment for BSL, dismissing the Dolls’ lawsuit with prejudice

pursuant to Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b). After denial of their Motion to

Reconsider in February 2009, the Dolls filed a Motion for Recusal in March 2009, followed

by a Motion for Relief from Final Judgment in June 2009. Upon denial of both their Motion

for Relief from Final Judgment and subsequent Motion to Set Aside Order, the Dolls filed

this appeal.
                                            FACTS

¶2.    On approximately July 21, 2003, while retrieving his wave runner from BSL’s Casino

Magic property in Hancock County, Mississippi,1 David Doll allegedly stepped on a piece

of nine-inch metal rebar sticking out of a submerged boat ramp, resulting in an injury

requiring the Dolls to incur medical expenses.2 On April 29, 2004, the Dolls filed their

complaint against BSL “for recovery of . . . damages under a theory of premises liability.” 3

¶3.    Beginning in early 2005, counsel for the Dolls claims that a “series of medical and

personal calamities that would strain even the patience of Job[,]” led to the lawsuit’s

dismissal. These claims include, inter alia, personal health issues, the loss of his home in

Hurricane Katrina, and the temporary relocation of his family to Florida thereafter.4 On June

19, 2006, an Agreed Order for Continuance was entered by the circuit court.5

¶4.    On April 5, 2007, BSL filed a Motion for Summary Judgment, which was granted by

the circuit court on the grounds that David Doll was a licensee on the premises and that there


       1
        According to counsel for BSL, David Doll “had been called over to that property to
retrieve a wave runner that he had left in the Bay of St. Louis the day before, or some days
before, by one of [the Department of Marine Resources’] officers. [BSL] was not involved
in the decision to call him, or had no notice . . . that his vehicle was present, . . . or that he
was present on the property.”
       2
        As the record is sparse regarding details of this underlying incident, this Court pieced
together the episode through the hearing statements of counsel for both parties and the
appellate briefs filed with this Court.
       3
         This complaint, filed more than nine months after the alleged incident, was BSL’s
first notice of a claim. The complaint is absent from the record.
       4
       However, BSL points out that “the trial of this matter . . . was over three years after
Hurricane Katrina.”
       5
           Circuit Judge Roger T. Clark presiding.

                                                2
was no evidence submitted that BSL was aware of the alleged piece of metal rebar on the

boat ramp.6 Following denial of a Motion to Reconsider, the Dolls filed a Motion to Vacate

Court’s Final Judgment and for Recusal.7 On September 14, 2007, Circuit Judge Clark

vacated his order granting summary judgment for BSL and entered an Order of Recusal.

¶5.    The case was reassigned to Circuit Judge Jerry O. Terry. On February 28, 2008, the

circuit court entered an order denying BSL’s Motion for Summary Judgment. In June 2008,

by agreement of the parties, trial was set for December 1, 2008.

¶6.    On December 2, 2008, the circuit court entered Final Judgment for BSL, dismissing

the Dolls’ lawsuit with prejudice pursuant to Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b).

According to the circuit court:

       [t]his cause came before the [c]ourt for [t]rial on December 1, 2008 and the
       [c]ourt called the case for trial. [BSL] announced ready for trial and neither the
       [Dolls] or their counsel appeared. The [c]ourt then excused [d]efense
       [c]ounsel until December 2, 2008, at which time the matter was called for trial
       again. Again, neither the [Dolls] or their counsel appeared. On both
       occasions[,] [d]efense counsel detailed the one phone conversation he had with
       [the Dolls’] counsel[8 ] and the substance of a purported motion for continuance
       which was faxed to counsel for [BSL], but not filed with the [c]lerk of [c]ourt




       6
        The stated basis for this ruling is taken from a hearing statement of counsel for BSL,
as the order granting summary judgment for BSL is absent from the record.
       7
        According to counsel for BSL, the motion for recusal was based upon the fact that
Circuit Judge Clark “was my former law partner and that . . . the case was actually in my
office at a time when Judge Clark was a partner in my law firm.”
       8
        According to counsel for BSL, on the morning of December 1, 2008, counsel for the
Dolls “called me and indicated that he was not going to be able to attend the docket call that
day and indicated that he had family health problems.” Counsel for BSL reported this
conversation to the circuit court.

                                               3
       as of the time of the hearing on December 2, 2008.[9] At the hearing on
       December 2, 2008, [BSL] moved to dismiss this action pursuant to Rule 41(b)
       ....

       The [c]ourt has reviewed the [c]ourt file and finds that there was no timely
       motion by the [Dolls] seeking a continuance or any other relief regarding this
       trial date. Upon review of the record . . . , the [c]ourt notes that this matter was
       initially filed in April of 2004, it has been set for trial previously and continued
       on motion of the [Dolls]. The [c]ourt is of the opinion that [the Dolls’] failure
       to timely communicate with the [c]ourt or counsel opposite regarding the
       potential for a request for a continuance and failure to appear at the [t]rial of
       this cause constitutes a clear record of delay and contumacious conduct by the
       [Dolls], or their counsel, in the prosecution of this matter. The [c]ourt further
       notes that it has considered lesser sanctions and finds that [d]ismissal is
       warranted under the circumstances.

¶7.    On December 8, 2008, the Dolls filed a Motion to Reconsider pursuant to Mississippi

Rule of Civil Procedure 59(e). According to the Dolls, both the circuit court and counsel for

BSL were advised of the “serious medical condition suffered by Plaintiffs’ counsel . . . on

December 1st via cell phone calls[10 ] and December 2nd via faxed [l]etter.” The December

2, 2008, faxed letter from counsel for the Dolls provided that “[o]n Sunday night, [November

30, 2008], I prepared a Motion to Continue and left the fax on autodial to both [counsel for

BSL] and the [c]ourt.” However, that fax was not received by either counsel for BSL or the

       9
        The Dolls’ Motion for Continuance was not filed until December 4, 2008.
According to the motion, “counsel’s family has serious personal medical issues which
preclude his participation in trials at this time (this would include a premature birth and the
necessity of hiring a [r]egistered [n]urse to assist in care).” Attached to the motion was a
Medical Leave of Absence form signed by Dr. Phillip L. Barnes on December 1, 2008.
       10
         According to the December 2, 2008, faxed letter from counsel for the Dolls, on
December 1, 2008, “a little after 8 a.m.[,] I had a discussion with [counsel for BSL] about
the problems I was facing and my unavailability. He offered to address the [c]ourt for me
and that I should call the judge.” The letter adds that, “I left a message for Judge Terry with
a short explanation and my cell phone number with a bailiff, asking Your Honor to call me
at your Honor’s convenience.” However, the letter notes, Circuit Judge Terry never received
this alleged message.

                                                4
circuit court, because counsel for BSL’s “fax number . . . [had] changed since the Legal

Directory was published.” As the fax had been placed on autodial and the first fax to counsel

for BSL “never went through,” the second fax to the circuit court “failed as well.” According

to the December 2, 2008, faxed letter, the motions were faxed “to the proper numbers this

morning.”

¶8.    On February 20, 2009, a hearing was held on the Dolls’ Motion to Reconsider. At the

hearing, counsel for BSL noted that:

       there [wa]s no effort [by the Dolls] to depose any physicians in anticipation of
       trial. There was no effort to authenticate any medical proof going forward to
       trial. There were no jury instructions submitted by the [Dolls] in anticipation
       of trial. [BSL] filed timely in limine motions, and there was no response filed
       to those at any point before or since.[11 ]

Regarding the physical problems of counsel for the Dolls, the circuit court stated, “I’ve never

seen anything from any physician or any hospital records or anything else to show all of

these medical complaints. It’s always been just from your statement or [the] person who runs

your office . . . .” 12 On February 23, 2009, the circuit court denied the Dolls’ Motion to

Reconsider.

¶9.    On March 2, 2009, the Dolls filed a Motion for Recusal, an amended version of which

was filed on March 9, 2009. In response, BSL argued that the Dolls had waived their right

to seek recusal under Uniform Circuit and County Court Rule 1.15, in that they had “failed

to comply with th[e] thirty (30) day requirement” by waiting “until after this [c]ourt ruled on


       11
        According to its brief, BSL claims that “the record shows that nothing was filed by
the [Dolls] during the five months between the [n]otice of [t]rial [s]etting and the trial date.”
       12
       Counsel for the Dolls responded to the circuit court that, “as an officer of the [c]ourt,
my word is good until you challenge it. If you want that, I’ll give it to you.”

                                               5
the Motion for Summary Judgment and entered a Final Judgment dismissing this lawsuit with

prejudice and ruled on a Motion for Reconsideration before filing the present [m]otion.”

According to BSL, “motions to recuse should not be used by attorneys as a strategic tool in

the face of adverse rulings.”

¶10.   On June 8, 2009, the Dolls filed a Motion for Relief from Final Judgment pursuant

to Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(6). The Dolls contended that the December 2,

2008, Final Judgment of dismissal with prejudice “was completely unfair, onerous and

inequitable . . . .” The motion then shifted to a recusal argument, adding that at the hearing

on the Motion to Reconsider, Judge Terry “was unsympathetic, verbally berated the [Dolls’]

attorney in open court and then issued an [o]rder . . . denying the [Dolls’] Motion to

Reconsider.” Furthermore, according to the Dolls’ motion:

       even though no formal Order of Recusal has been received by the [Dolls] in
       this cause, the attorney for the [Dolls] appeared before [Circuit Judge Terry]
       on an unrelated matter and was informed by the [j]udge, in open court, that the
       [j]udge had recused himself from all cases involving the attorney for the
       [Dolls].[13 ]




       13
          The only mention in the record regarding the Dolls’ contention that Circuit Judge
Terry had recused himself from cases involving counsel for the Dolls was an April 17, 2009,
letter to counsel for BSL. The letter provided that:

       I have been notified by Judge Terry, in open court, that he has recused himself
       from all my cases and will not hear any matters in which I am an attorney for
       either of the parties. I have not yet received his recusal [o]rder, but I just
       wanted to give you a “heads-up” that this matter will be reassigned to another
       [j]udge.

The record also includes an Order of Recusal of Circuit Judge Terry in a separate case in
which counsel for Doll was involved, filed on May 15, 2009.

                                              6
On June 15, 2009, the circuit court denied the Dolls’ Motion for Relief from Final Judgment,

stating that:

       the [Dolls’] proper avenue of relief would have been appeal from the [c]ourt’s
       prior [o]rder denying their Motion for Reconsideration which the [Dolls]
       failed to timely perfect. The [Dolls] are not now entitled to relief under Rule
       60(b)(6) following their failure to avail themselves of the opportunities
       afforded by the Rules.

(Emphasis added.)

¶11.   On June 19, 2009, the Dolls filed a Motion to Set Aside Order, contending that their

Motion for Recusal had been filed within thirty days of the order denying their Motion to

Reconsider, and that “[i]f Judge Terry is going to reverse himself and remain involved in this

cause, then . . . the [c]ourt’s [o]rder of June 1[5], 2009 must be immediately set aside until

the recusal issue is resolved.” On June 22, 2009, the circuit court denied the Dolls’ Motion

to Set Aside Order. On June 29, 2009, the Dolls filed a Notice of Appeal.

                                          ISSUES

¶12.   This Court will consider:

       (1) Whether the Dolls’ appeal is, to any extent, time-barred.
       (2) Whether the circuit judge erred by not recusing himself.
       (3) Whether the circuit court abused its discretion in denying the Dolls’
       Motion for Relief from Final Judgment and subsequent Motion to Set Aside
       Order.




                                              7
                                          ANALYSIS

       I. Whether the Dolls’ appeal is, to any extent, time-barred.14

¶13.   The Dolls’ lawsuit was dismissed with prejudice pursuant to Mississippi Rule of Civil

Procedure 41(b) on December 2, 2008. On December 8, 2008, the Dolls filed their Motion

to Reconsider.15 On February 23, 2009, the circuit court denied that motion. Pursuant to

Mississippi Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(d), the time for appeal commenced with the entry

of that order. See Miss. R. App. P. 4(d); Pruett v. Malone, 767 So. 2d 983, 985 (Miss. 2000)

(“[t]he order denying a motion to reconsider is a final judgment for purposes of appeal.”).

Therefore, to appeal that order, the Dolls were required under Mississippi Rule of Appellate

Procedure 4(a) to file notice of appeal within thirty days of February 23, 2009, i.e., on or

before March 25, 2009. See Miss. R. App. P. 4(a). The Dolls filed no such notice of appeal.

Instead, on March 2, 2009, the Dolls filed a Motion for Recusal. However, a motion for

recusal is not among the motions listed in Mississippi Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(d) from

which the time for appeal begins to run only upon disposition thereof. See Miss. R. App. P.

4(d). Accordingly, as the Dolls failed to timely appeal the February 23, 2009, order denying

their Motion to Reconsider, the dismissal with prejudice became final thirty days later, on

       14
            In a November 14, 2009, order, this Court stated that:

       [BSL] argues that the appeal should be dismissed because the notice of appeal
       was not timely filed. [The Dolls] argue that they are also appealing from
       orders filed in the circuit court on June 15, 2009, and June 22, 2009. After
       due consideration the panel finds that [BSL’s] Motion to Dismiss is not well
       taken and should be denied.
       15
        Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 59(e) provides that “[a] motion to alter or
amend the judgment shall be filed not later than ten days after entry of the judgment.” Miss.
R. Civ. P. 59(e).

                                                8
March 25, 2009. See Miss. R. App. P. 2(a)(1) (“[a]n appeal shall be dismissed if the notice

of appeal was not timely filed pursuant to Rules 4 or 5”); Pruett, 767 So. 2d at 985 (“Rule

4(a) is a ‘hard-edged, mandatory’ rule which this Court ‘strictly enforces.’ . . . Appeals not

perfected within 30 days will be dismissed, period.”) (citations omitted). Therefore, this

Court concludes that the Dolls’ appeal of their denied Motion to Reconsider is time-barred.

       II. Whether the circuit judge erred by not recusing himself.

¶14.   The Dolls’ Motion for Recusal was filed on March 2, 2009, with the amended version

filed on March 9, 2009. Circuit Judge Terry did not rule on the Dolls’ Motion for Recusal.

As such, the following provisions of Mississippi Rule of Appellate Procedure 48B applied:

       [i]f a judge of the circuit, chancery or county court shall deny a motion seeking
       the trial judge’s recusal, or if within 30 days following the filing of the motion
       for recusal the judge has not ruled, the filing party may within 14 days
       following the judge’s ruling, or 14 days following the expiration of the 30 days
       allowed for ruling, seek review of the judge’s action by the Supreme Court.

Miss. R. App. P. 48B (emphasis added). This Court finds that under Mississippi Rule of

Appellate Procedure 48B, the Dolls had fourteen days, after the “30 days following the filing

of the motion for recusal” upon which Circuit Judge Terry had not ruled, to “seek review of

the judge’s action by the Supreme Court.” Miss. R. App. P. 48B. In short, the Dolls had

forty-four days after filing the motion for recusal to seek review by this Court. As the Dolls

failed to timely seek this Court’s review of Circuit Judge Terry’s action (or lack thereof), this

Court concludes that this issue is time-barred.




                                               9
       III. Whether the circuit court abused its discretion in denying the Dolls’
       Motion for Relief from Final Judgment and subsequent Motion to Set
       Aside Order.

¶15.   This issue is not time-barred as “Rule 60(b) specifies certain limited grounds upon

which final judgments may be attacked, even after the normal procedures of motion for new

trial and appeal are no longer available.” Miss. R. Civ. P. 60 cmt. However, “[w]e will

reverse the grant or denial of a Rule 60(b) motion only upon a showing of abuse of

discretion.” Moore v. Jacobs, 752 So. 2d 1013, 1015 (Miss. 1999).

¶16.   Under the facts presented, Rule 60(b) relief is unwarranted. “Rule 60(b) is not an

escape hatch for litigants who have procedural opportunities afforded under other rules and

who without cause failed to pursue those procedural remedies.” Pruett, 767 So. 2d at 986

(quoting State ex rel. Miss. Bureau of Narcotics v. One (1) Chevrolet Nova Auto., 573 So.

2d 787, 790 (Miss. 1990)). See also M.A.S. v. Miss. Dep’t of Human Servs., 842 So. 2d

527, 530 (Miss. 2003) (quoting Briney v. U.S. Fid. & Guar. Co., 714 So. 2d 962, 968 (Miss.

1998)) (“the Rule 60(b) motion is not to be used as a substitute for appeal . . . .”). Based

upon the conclusions in Issues I and II, supra, the Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)

relief sought by the Dolls is nothing more than “an escape hatch” after failing to pursue other

available procedural remedies, and/or an improper “substitute for appeal.” M.A.S., 842 So.

2d at 530; Pruett, 767 So. 2d at 986. The Dolls should have appealed the dismissal of their

lawsuit on or before March 25, 2009, but failed to do so. Similarly, the Dolls should have

sought this Court’s review of the circuit court’s silence on their Motion for Recusal, but

failed to timely do so. Accordingly, this Court concludes that the circuit court did not abuse




                                              10
its discretion in denying the Dolls’ Motion for Relief from Final Judgment and subsequent

Motion to Set Aside Order.

                                    CONCLUSION

¶17.   Based upon this analysis, this Court affirms the Circuit Court of Hancock County’s

dismissal of the Dolls’ lawsuit.

¶18.   AFFIRMED.

    WALLER, C.J., CARLSON AND GRAVES, P.JJ., DICKINSON, LAMAR,
KITCHENS, CHANDLER AND PIERCE, JJ., CONCUR.




                                           11
