                          STATE OF MICHIGAN

                            COURT OF APPEALS



                                                                     UNPUBLISHED
In re A. R. DUVENDECK, Minor.                                        June 15, 2017

                                                                     No. 335894
                                                                     Ingham Circuit Court
                                                                     Family Division
                                                                     LC No. 15-000722-NA


Before: O’BRIEN, P.J., and HOEKSTRA and BOONSTRA, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

        Respondent appeals as of right the circuit court’s order terminating her parental rights to
the minor child under MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i) (conditions of adjudication continue to exist), (g)
(failure to provide proper care and custody), and (j) (reasonable likelihood of harm).1 We affirm.

        The child at issue in this case was removed from respondent’s care in June 2015 based on
allegations of neglect, substance abuse, and unstable housing. Over the next year-and-a-half,
respondent was provided a variety of services that were intended to improve parenting skills,
substance abuse issues, social support, and housing and employment situations. However,
respondent failed to comply with or benefit from those services. There was testimony presented
that respondent did not find and maintain suitable housing or employment, continued to use
marijuana, missed several scheduled drug tests, failed to attend substance abuse treatment
sessions, did not complete parenting coaching sessions, and struggled to adequately parent the
child during parenting-time sessions. A supplemental petition seeking the termination of her
parental rights was thus filed in May 2016, and respondent’s parental rights were terminated in
November 2016. This appeal followed.

        On appeal, respondent first argues that the prosecutor failed to prove, by clear and
convincing evidence, that termination was proper under MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i), (g) and (j)
because she has consistently made progress throughout this case. Specifically, she claims that
she completed parenting classes and obtained suitable housing and employment. Next,
respondent argues that the circuit court erred in finding that termination of parental rights was in
the child’s best interest because she and the child shared a bond. We disagree in both respects.


1
  The trial court also terminated the father’s parental rights under MCL 712A.19b(3)(a)(ii)
(desertion).


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        A trial court may terminate a parent’s parental rights if it finds that at least one of the
statutory grounds set forth in MCL 712A.19b(3) has been established by clear and convincing
evidence. Petitioner bears the burden of proving at least one statutory ground. MCR
3.977(A)(3); In re Trejo Minors, 462 Mich 341, 350; 612 NW2d 407 (2000). We review a trial
court’s finding that a statutory ground has been established for clear error. In re Rood, 483 Mich
73, 91; 763 NW2d 587 (2009). “A finding of fact is clearly erroneous if the reviewing court has
a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed, giving due regard to the trial
court’s special opportunity to observe the witnesses.” In re Moss, 301 Mich App 76, 80; 836
NW2d 182 (2013) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).

      The circuit court terminated respondent’s parental rights pursuant to MCL
712A.19b(3)(c)(i), (g) and (j), which provide as follows:

               (3) The court may terminate a parent’s parental rights to a child if the
       court finds, by clear and convincing evidence, 1 or more of the following:

                                             * * *

               (c) The parent was a respondent in a proceeding brought under this
       chapter, 182 or more days have elapsed since the issuance of an initial
       dispositional order, and the court, by clear and convincing evidence, finds either
       of the following:

              (i) The conditions that led to the adjudication continue to exist and there is
       no reasonable likelihood that the conditions will be rectified within a reasonable
       time considering the child’s age.

                                             * * *

               (g) The parent, without regard to intent, fails to provide proper care or
       custody for the child and there is no reasonable expectation that the parent will be
       able to provide proper care and custody within a reasonable time considering the
       child’s age.

                                             * * *

               (j) There is a reasonable likelihood, based on the conduct or capacity of
       the child’s parent, that the child will be harmed if he or she is returned to the
       home of the parent.

        In this case, we conclude that there was clear and convincing evidence to support the
circuit court’s decision to terminate respondent’s parental rights under all three statutory
sections, specifically MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i). The caseworker testified that respondent lived at
approximately ten different locations throughout the pendency of this case and that those
locations were not suitable for a child. In fact, respondent continued to reside in some of those
locations despite the existence of ongoing domestic violence issues with new boyfriends. There
was also testimony presented that respondent did not have housing at the time of the final trial
date. Respondent also lied about past employment at trial and was unable to verify any

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employment. The record also reflects that respondent demonstrated a lack of commitment to
treatment for her substance abuse and behavioral health issues by continuing to use marijuana,
failing to attend substance abuse treatment sessions, and attending only half of her mental health
therapy sessions. Moreover, respondent did not demonstrate improvement in her parenting
skills. She completed only one parenting class in November 2015 and failed to attend 11 of the
12 coaching sessions with a parenting coach during the following spring. Respondent also failed
to show up to several of her scheduled visits with the child. When respondent was present at the
visits, she frequently arrived up to 75 minutes late, left early, fell asleep during visits, used
profane language, and ignored the child by using her cell phone. Respondent also acted
aggressively in the child’s presence, which, in one instance, necessitated removal of the child
from the visitation room and a police officer to escort respondent out of the building.
Considering all of these factors, the trial court properly found that the conditions that led to the
adjudication persisted for more than 182 days with no reasonable likelihood of being rectified
within a reasonable time considering the child’s age under MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i). See In re LE
Minor, 278 Mich App 1, 27; 747 NW2d 883 (2008) (finding that termination under MCL
712A.19b(3)(c)(i) is proper when, despite the opportunity to take advantages of services, the
parent lacked employment, never obtained adequate housing, missed random drug screens, and is
at a risk of relapse). 2

        “Once a statutory ground for termination has been proven, the trial court must find that
termination is in the child’s best interests before it can terminate parental rights.” In re
Olive/Metts, 297 Mich App 35, 40; 826 NW2d 144 (2012), citing MCL 712A.19b(5); MCR
3.977(E)(4). “[W]hether termination of parental rights is in the best interests of the child must be
proved by a preponderance of the evidence.” In re Moss, 301 Mich App at 90. Trial courts
should consider all available evidence in making this determination. In re Trejo, 462 Mich at
356. Relevant factors to be considered include the bond between the child and the parent, the
parent’s ability to parent, the child’s need for permanency and stability, the advantages of the
foster home over the parent’s home, and any other relevant factors. In re Olive/Metts, 297 Mich
App at 41-42. We review the trial court’s determination that termination is in the child’s best
interests for clear error. Id. at 40.

        In this case, we conclude that the circuit court did not err when it found that termination
of respondent’s parental rights was in the child’s best interests. The trial court correctly pointed
out that respondent’s relationship with the child “has been weakening” because the child, who
was nearly three years old at the close of trial, was six months old when removed from her
mother. Moreover, the foster care worker testified about the advantages of the foster home,
agreeing that the child had a healthy bond with the foster parents and that the foster parents
would be able to meet the child’s needs and provide her permanence through adoption. The


2
  If we find that the trial court did not clearly err by concluding that one statutory ground for
termination existed, we need not address the additional grounds for termination. In re HRC, 286
Mich App 444, 461; 781 NW2d 105 (2009). In any event,, we would note that termination under
MCL 712A.19b(3)(g) and (j) was appropriate for reasons similar to those we discussed with
respect to MCL 712A.19b(3)(c)(i).



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foster care worker’s description of the child’s response to respondent’s loss of temper during a
visit in July 2016, when the screaming and crying child ran to her foster parent screaming for
“mommy[,]” demonstrates the bond between the child and the foster parents. It also supports the
trial court’s finding that the child’s relationship with respondent has weakened over time.
Additionally, as discussed above, respondent remained unable to secure consistent housing or
employment in order to adequately provide for the child. Thus, the circuit court’s best-interests
determination was not clearly erroneous.

       Affirmed.

                                                           /s/ Colleen A. O'Brien
                                                           /s/ Joel P. Hoekstra
                                                           /s/ Mark T. Boonstra




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