[Cite as State v. McCreery, 2017-Ohio-988.]


                      IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                         FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                             LAWRENCE COUNTY

STATE OF OHIO,                 :
                               :    Case No. 16CA17
     Plaintiff-Appellee,       :
                               :
     vs.                       :    DECISION AND JUDGMENT
                               :    ENTRY
NICHOLAS C. McCREERY           :
                               :
    Defendant-Appellant.       :    Released: 03/13/17
_____________________________________________________________
                         APPEARANCES:

Nicholas C. McCreery, Chillicothe, Ohio, Pro Se Appellant.

Brigham M. Anderson, Lawrence County Prosecuting Attorney, and Robert
C. Anderson, Lawrence County Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, Ironton,
Ohio, for Appellee.
_____________________________________________________________

McFarland, J.

        {¶1} Nicholas C. McCreery appeals the May 19, 2016 judgment entry

of the Lawrence County Court of Common Pleas denying his motion to

withdraw his 2010 guilty plea and set aside judgment. On appeal, we

observe that Appellant does not address the standards for granting a motion

to withdraw but instead generally contends: (1) that the trial court erred in

modifying a valid final judgment; (2) that the trial court erred in failing to

merge all burglary counts of which he was convicted; and (3) that he was

rendered the ineffective assistance of counsel. Upon review, we find the
Lawrence App. No. 16CA17                                                       2

trial court did not err by overruling Appellant’s motion to withdraw his prior

plea. However, we do so for reasons different from those stated in the trial

court’s judgment entry. Accordingly, we overrule the assignments of error

and affirm the judgment of the trial court.

            FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

      {¶2} We recount the facts as previously set forth in State v. McCreery,

4th Dist. Lawrence No. 10CA17, 2011-Ohio-5885 (“McCreery I”) and State

v. McCreery, 4th Dist. Lawrence No. 15CA10, 2015-Ohio-5453 (“McCreery

II”). In November 2009, Appellant and an accomplice, Christy Stone, were

arrested for the burglaries of three separate residences in Lawrence County.

Appellant was subsequently indicted on three counts of burglary in violation

of R.C. 2911.12(A)(2), second degree felonies, and one count of resisting

arrest in violation of R.C. 2921.33(A), a second degree misdemeanor.

      {¶3} In January 2010, when the matter came on for pretrial, Appellant

accepted a plea agreement and pleaded guilty to all charges against him. On

January 20, 2010, the trial court sentenced him to an agreed sentence of four

years on each burglary count, to be served consecutively, and thirty days in

jail for the resisting arrest charge, to be served concurrently with the

burglary sentences. At that January 20, 2010 sentencing hearing, the court

misstated the conditions of Appellant’s post-release control. The court
Lawrence App. No. 16CA17                                                        3

failed to indicate that post-release control would be mandatory, and would

be for three years for the second-degree felonies for which Appellant was

convicted. After the court journalized its sentence on February 4, 2010,

Appellant filed an appeal.

      {¶4} Before the record could be transmitted on appeal, the trial court

scheduled a re-sentencing hearing. At that hearing, held on April 9, 2010,

the court noted the deficiencies of its January 20, 2010 sentencing, and then

fully informed Appellant of the conditions of post-release control. The

appeal of the trial court’s first sentence was dismissed by mutual agreement

and an appeal of Appellant’s re-sentencing followed.

       {¶5} In the re-filed appeal, case number 10CA17, Appellant raised

two assignments of error: (1) that the trial court erred in re-sentencing him

without vacating the prior judgment entry; and (2) that he received

ineffective assistance of counsel which rendered his guilty plea involuntary.

On November 3, 2011, this court issued a decision and judgment entry

overruling both assignments of error Appellant had presented and affirmed

the judgment and sentence of the trial court. See McCreery I, supra, at ¶ 1.

      {¶6} On or about March 12, 2015, Appellant filed a pro se “Motion

for Re-Sentencing Based on Void Judgment” in the trial court. The trial

court overruled Appellant’s motion on April 22, 2015 on the basis that the
Lawrence App. No. 16CA17                                                           4

trial court no longer had jurisdiction in the matter. Appellant filed a timely

appeal.

      {¶7} On appeal of the denial of his motion for re-sentencing based on

a void judgment, Appellant contended: (1) that the trial court erred and

abused its discretion when it failed to notify him at sentencing and re-

sentencing that failure to pay the costs of prosecution could result in an order

that he perform community service; (2) that the trial court erred and abused

its discretion when it failed to consider the offender's present and future

ability to pay fines; and (3) that trial counsel provided ineffective assistance

by failing to object to the trial court's imposition of court costs and costs of

prosecution, and by failing to object regarding the improper notification

regarding possible community service. Upon consideration of Appellant’s

arguments, on December 17, 2015, we found Appellant's arguments were

barred by the doctrine of res judicata and we declined to consider them. See

McCreery II, supra, at ¶ 21.

      {¶8} On May 18, 2016, Appellant filed a “Motion to Withdraw Guilty

Plea and Set Aside Judgment.” On May 19, 2016, the trial court overruled

Appellant’s motion, stating that it is “only permitted to respond * * * if

ordered to by a Court of Appeals or the Ohio State Supreme Court,” and
Lawrence App. No. 16CA17                                                     5

noting that “there was no appeal of right taken upon the re-sentencing of this

Defendant * * *.” This timely appeal followed.

                        ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

      “I. THE LOWER COURT COMMITTED PREJUDICIAL
      ERROR IN MODIFYING A VALID FINAL JUDGMENT.
      II. THE LOWER COURT COMMITTED PREJUDICIAL
      ERROR IN FAILING TO MERGE ALL COUNTS.

      III. APPELLANT WAS DENIED EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE
      OF COUNSEL.”

                       A. STANDARD OF REVIEW

      {¶9} In the case sub judice, the trial court did not find it had

jurisdiction to entertain Appellant’s motion to withdraw his guilty plea.

However, generally speaking, “[C]ourts of common pleas have jurisdiction

to rule on post-judgment motions. State ex rel. Cordray v. Marshall, 123

Ohio St.3d 229, 2009-Ohio-4986, 915 N.E.2d 633, ¶ 31. Thus, we turn to

consideration of Appellant’s arguments pursuant to Crim.R. 32.1, which

governs the withdrawal of pleas.

      {¶10} Crim.R. 32.1 provides as follows: “A motion to withdraw a plea

of guilty or no contest may be made only before sentence is imposed or

imposition of sentence is suspended; but to correct manifest injustice the

court after sentence may set aside the judgment of conviction and permit the

defendant to withdraw his plea.” State v. Ogle, 4th Dist. Hocking No.
Lawrence App. No. 16CA17                                                          6

13CA18, 2014-Ohio-2251, ¶ 8, quoting State v. Congrove, 5th Dist.

Delaware No. 09CA090080, 2010-Ohio-2933, ¶ 30, quoting State v.

Copeland–Jackson, 5th Dist. Ashland No. 02COA018, 2003-Ohio-1043, ¶ 6.

The standard upon which the trial court is to review a request for a change of

plea after sentence is whether there is a need to correct a manifest injustice.

Congrove, supra. The accused has the burden of showing a manifest

injustice warranting the withdrawal of a guilty plea. Id.; State v. Rockwell,

5th Dist. Stark No. 2008CA00009, 2008-Ohio-2162, ¶ 40, citing State v.

Smith, 49 Ohio St.2d 261, 361 N.E.2d 1234 (1977), paragraph one of the

syllabus. A manifest injustice has been defined as a “clear or openly unjust

act.” Congrove, supra, quoting State ex rel. Schneider v. Kreiner, 83 Ohio

St.3d 203, 208, 699 N.E.2d 2983 (1998).

      {¶11} Any review of a trial court's decision under Crim.R. 32.1 is

limited to a determination of whether the trial court abused its discretion.

Ogle, supra, at ¶ 9, Congrove, supra, at ¶ 32, citing State v. Caraballo, 17

Ohio St.3d 66, 477 N.E.2d 627 (1985). “A motion made pursuant to

Crim.R. 32.1 is addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court, and the

good faith, credibility and weight of the movant's assertions in support of the

motion are matters to be resolved by that court.” Congrove, supra, quoting

State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St.2d 261, 361 N.E.2d 1324, (1977), paragraph two
Lawrence App. No. 16CA17                                                          7

of the syllabus. “Absent an abuse of discretion on the part of the trial court

in making the ruling, its decision must be affirmed.” Ogle, supra. “For a

court to find an abuse of discretion in this case, more than an error of

judgment must be found. We must find that the trial court's ruling was

‘unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable.’ ” Ogle, supra, quoting State v.

Adams, 62 Ohio St.2d 151, 157, 404 N.E.2d 144 (1980).

                            B. LEGAL ANALYSIS

      {¶12} Here Appellant contends the trial court erred by overruling his

“Motion to Withdraw 2010 Plea and Set Aside Judgment.” While the trial

court stated an erroneous basis for its judgment, upon review, we find the

error is not prejudicial to Appellant. When a trial court has stated an

erroneous basis for its judgment, an appellate court must affirm the

judgment if it is legally correct on other grounds, that is, it achieves the right

result for the wrong reason, because such an error is not prejudicial. State v.

Sebastian, 4th Dist. Highland No. 08CA19, 2009-Ohio-3117, at ¶ 25.

      {¶13} As we stated in McCreery II at ¶ 8: “The doctrine of res

judicata bars the relitigation of issues that were raised on appeal or could

have been raised on appeal.” Id. quoting State v. Cruz, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga

No. 101544, 2014-Ohio-5695, ¶ 14, quoting In re A.I., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga

No. 99808, 2014-Ohio-2259, ¶ 34. The doctrine of res judicata bars claims
Lawrence App. No. 16CA17                                                         8

that the defendant raised or could have raised on direct appeal. In re B.C.S.,

4th Dist. Washington No. 07CA60, 2008-Ohio-5771, ¶ 14. “[T]he doctrine

serves to preclude a defendant who has had his day in court from seeking a

second on that same issue. In so doing, res judicata promotes the principles

of finality and judicial economy by preventing endless relitigation of an

issue on which a defendant has already received a full and fair opportunity to

be heard.” State v. Crum, 4th Dist. Lawrence No. 13CA13, 2014-Ohio-2361,

¶16, quoting State v. Saxon, 109 Ohio St.3d 176, 2006-Ohio-1245, 846

N.E.2d 824, ¶ 18.

      {¶14} Courts have repeatedly applied the doctrine of res judicata to

Crim.R. 32.1 motions. State v. Frazier, 4th Dist. Pickaway No. 15CA14,

2016-Ohio-5306, ¶ 13; State v. Reyes, 11th Dist. Portage No. 2016-P-0010,

2016-Ohio-5673, ¶ 14; State v. Bryukhanova, 6th Dist. Fulton No. F–10–

002, 2010-Ohio-5504, ¶ 11. State v. Madrigal, 6th Dist. Lucas Nos. L–10–

1142 and L–10–1143, 2011-Ohio-798, ¶ 16 (“It is well established * * * that

claims submitted in support of a Crim.R. 32.1 motion to withdraw plea that

could have been raised on direct appeal, but were not raised on direct appeal,

are barred by res judicata”).

      {¶15} Under the first assignment of error, Appellant argues the trial

court erred by modifying a valid final judgment. This argument is barred by
Lawrence App. No. 16CA17                                                         9

the doctrine of res judicata. Although Appellant made a varied argument

regarding his sentence in McCreery I, the argument made here is one that

could and should have been made in his first direct appeal. Since res

judicata applies to bar Appellant’s claim, it cannot be said that the trial court

abused its discretion by denying Appellant’s motion to withdraw his plea on

this basis.

       {¶16} Appellant next argues that the trial court erred by failing to

merge his burglary offenses as allied offenses of similar import for purposes

of sentencing. In State v. Miller, 4th Dist. Lawrence No. 11CA14, 2012-

Ohio-1922, ¶ 6, we held because Miller failed to raise his allied offenses

argument in a direct appeal, that issue had become res judicata and he could

not challenge his sentence on that basis collaterally through a motion for re-

sentencing. State v. Perkins, 2nd Dist. Montgomery Nos. 26788, 26797,

26804, 2016-Ohio-4581, ¶ 7. As stated above, the doctrine of res judicata

applies in Crim.R. 32 proceedings. Therefore, since res judicata also applied

to bar this argument, the trial court properly denied Appellant’s motion on

this basis and again, it cannot be said the trial court abused its discretion.

       {¶17} As to Appellant’s final assignment of error, that he was

rendered ineffective assistance of counsel, he has already raised that issue in

both McCreery I and McCreery II. When a defendant pleads guilty, he
Lawrence App. No. 16CA17                                                       10

waives all claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, except to the extent

that counsel's performance caused an unknowing and involuntary plea. State

v. Brown, 4th Dist. Highland No. 07CA2, 2007-Ohio-5008, at ¶ 16. State v.

Persons, 4th Dist. Meigs No. 02CA6, 2003-Ohio-4213, ¶ 11. Specifically,

Appellant challenged the voluntary nature of his plea in McCreery I. In

McCreery II, Appellant challenged his counsel’s failure to object to the trial

court’s imposition of court costs and costs of prosecution and failing to

object to the improper notification regarding possible community service.

We rejected these arguments in McCreery II as barred by res judicata.

Appellant’s ineffective assistance claims herein are different and somewhat

vague. However, we find the doctrine of res judicata operates to bar them

herein. State v. McDougald, 4th Dist. Scioto No. 16CA3736, 2016-Ohio-

5080, ¶ 26.

      {¶18} For the foregoing reasons, we find all arguments Appellant sets

forth in his current appeal were raised in prior appeals or should have been

raised in a direct appeal. As such, we find the doctrine of res judicata

applies to bar Appellant’s current appeal of his motion to withdraw his 2010

guilty plea. We decline to consider the merits of Appellant’s arguments and

affirm the judgment of the trial court.

                                                 JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.
Lawrence App. No. 16CA17                                                       11

                           JUDGMENT ENTRY

      It is ordered that the JUDGMENT BE AFFIRMED and costs be
assessed to Appellant.

      The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

      It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing
the Lawrence County Common Pleas Court to carry this judgment into
execution.

       IF A STAY OF EXECUTION OF SENTENCE AND RELEASE
UPON BAIL HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY GRANTED BY THE TRIAL
COURT OR THIS COURT, it is temporarily continued for a period not to
exceed sixty days upon the bail previously posted. The purpose of a
continued stay is to allow Appellant to file with the Supreme Court of Ohio
an application for a stay during the pendency of proceedings in that court. If
a stay is continued by this entry, it will terminate at the earlier of the
expiration of the sixty day period, or the failure of the Appellant to file a
notice of appeal with the Supreme Court of Ohio in the forty-five day appeal
period pursuant to Rule II, Sec. 2 of the Rules of Practice of the Supreme
Court of Ohio. Additionally, if the Supreme Court of Ohio dismisses the
appeal prior to expiration of sixty days, the stay will terminate as of the date
of such dismissal.

      A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to
Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

Harsha, J. & Hoover, J.: Concur in Judgment Only.

                                        For the Court,

                                 BY: ______________________________
                                     Matthew W. McFarland, Judge


                          NOTICE TO COUNSEL
      Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final
judgment entry and the time period for further appeal commences from
the date of filing with the clerk.
