           IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
                            AT NASHVILLE
                              Assigned on Brief August 15, 2006

                 FARIS ADB AL-ALI V. STATE OF TENNESSEE

                 Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court of Rutherford County
                         No F-56066 James K. Clayton, Jr., Judge



                     M2006-00144-CCA-R3-PC - Filed December 13, 2006


Petitioner, Faris Adb Al-Ali, was convicted by a Rutherford County jury of rape of a child and
received a twenty-two year sentence. The conviction and sentence were affirmed on direct appeal.
Petitioner timely filed his pro se post-conviction petition. Following the appointment of counsel and
filing of an amended petition, the post-conviction court conducted an evidentiary hearing on the
petition. On December 1, 2005, the post-conviction court entered an order dismissing the petition.
Petitioner appealed. We affirm the post-conviction court.

                   Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the
                                 Circuit Court is Affirmed

J. S. DANIEL, SR., J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS, J., and
ALAN E. GLENN , J., joined.

Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter; Jennifer L. Bledsoe, Assistant Attorney General,
William Whitesell, District Attorney General; Laural A. Nutt, Assistant District Attorney General,
for Respondent, State of Tennessee.

Adam T. Dodd, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, Attorney for the Petitioner, Faris Abd Al-Ali.


                                           OPINION

                                        BACKGROUND

       The Petitioner, Faris Abd Al-Ali, was charged in October 2001 with rape of a child.
Following a jury trial in October 2002, the petitioner was found guilty and sentenced to twenty-two
years. On direct appeal, the conviction and sentence were affirmed. See State v. Faris Abd Al-Ali,
No. M2003-00662-CCA-R3-CD, 2004 WL 840082 (Tenn. Crim. App. filed Apr. 16, 2004 at
Nashville).
        On August 2, 2004, petitioner filed his pro se petition for post conviction relief. Following
the appointment of counsel, the petitioner filed an amended post-conviction petition. The post-
conviction court conducted a bifurcated evidentiary hearing on August 30 and November 28, 2005.
Petitioner and trial counsel testified at the hearing.

        At the evidentiary hearing, petitioner acknowledged he was charged with rape of a child in
October 2001. He said an assistant public defender represented him at the trial which resulted in a
guilty verdict, and at the sentencing hearing where a twenty-two year sentence was imposed.
Petitioner said the public defender also represented him on appeal.1

        Petitioner was shown a copy of his pro se post-conviction petition. He identified the petition
and confirmed the issues he raised in his petition. Among his claims, he maintained that trial
counsel only met with him three times over the course of the year from indictment to trial for a total
of three to four hours. He added that trial counsel lacked familiarity with the case and failed to
investigate it properly.

        Specifically, he argued trial counsel failed to call two witnesses – his wife Lisa and Detective
Peach. Even though he admitted counsel called his wife, he was disturbed that counsel only asked
one question of her. Petitioner wanted the jury to hear that his wife felt petitioner was a very
controlling man. Petitioner wanted to call Detective Peach as a witness to show that even though
the detective was with him for over five hours, petitioner never gave him a statement. Petitioner said
the detective also would have supported his claim that he did not read or write in English.

         Petitioner testified that when he returned to Rutherford County, he was questioned by
Detective Liehr. He said the detective not only questioned him about the instant charges but also
asked him about the September 11, 2001, incident in New York City. He told the detective he had
nothing to do with those events. When questioned about a written statement taken by Detective
Liehr, petitioner said he told him he did not want to give a written statement but that the detective
“begged” him to do so. He claimed the detective wrote incorrect information into the prepared
statement and that Detective Liehr lied about his statement. Petitioner said he was asked to place
his signature at the top of the statement. As a result, petitioner claimed the detective or someone else
filled in the balance of the statement at a later time. He insisted the statement was not his own and
that it was taken against his will.

        Next, petitioner complained about references to his nationality made during individual juror
questioning. He said jurors were told individually that he was an Iraqi national. Petitioner said he
considered himself an American and that it was unnecessary to mention his nationality. He said due
to the events of September 11, 2001, he was not considered by the general public to be an American.
Petitioner said his only post-trial meeting with trial counsel was at the sentencing hearing. He


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            According to petitioner, the assistant public defender was appointed to represent petitioner. W hen
petitioner’s family sought to hire private counsel, the public defender was released. However, when the family could
not secure adequate funds, the public defender was re-appointed to represent petitioner.

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insisted he never met with counsel during preparation of the appeal.

       On cross-examination, petitioner admitted he had a Muslim or Arab name and appearance.
He also acknowledged the current anti-Arabic sentiment. He reiterated his argument that he did not
make the statement taken by the detective because he did not speak English. He also confirmed he
had wanted his wife to testify at trial that he was Muslim and a controlling man. Petitioner said he
wanted his counsel to ask questions of his wife so the jury could see her dislike of him.

       Next, the assistant district attorney recited portions of the suppression hearing testimony of
Detective Peach. In the earlier testimony, the detective said he was with petitioner for approximately
five hours during the trip back to Rutherford County, and during that time neither he nor other
individuals had difficulty communicating with petitioner. He added that petitioner never indicated
he was having any difficulty understanding English and never requested an interpreter.

        Petitioner said his children speak English and Arabic even though a trial reference indicated
petitioner had said the children only speak English. He said the reference likely was to his step-
children who speak English.

        Trial counsel testified that he was employed by the public defender’s office and was
appointed to represent petitioner. He said he and petitioner met several times prior to trial. Although
he could not quantify the precise number of hours, counsel said he spent a lot of time on the case due
to his concerns surrounding the events of September 11, 2001, and the petitioner’s Arabic descent.
He feared these additional factors might inhibit petitioner’s ability to have a fair trial.

        Counsel said an interpreter, Mr. Kayatt, accompanied him during visits with petitioner. He
noted that petitioner would spend most of the session conversing with the interpreter. He believed
the interpreter provided comfort to petitioner because could speak petitioner’s native tongue.

         Counsel said he wanted to be sure the September 11, 2001, incident did not influence or
otherwise become a factor in petitioner’s trial. Counsel filed motions in limine to prevent
unnecessary references to nationality and also participated in individual voir dire in the judge’s
chambers. A few potential jurors indicated they had problems sitting on the jury due to the Arabic
sentiment at that time. Those jurors were immediately dismissed for cause. Counsel read portions
of the trial transcript which revealed some jurors were asked if they would have a problem serving
as a juror if petitioner was an Iraqi national. Those jurors who remained in the jury pool expressed
their ability to be fair and impartial. The jury was also instructed by the trial court that the petitioner
was in the United States legally.

        Counsel said he also challenged the admissibility of petitioner’s statement given to the
detective because of the language barrier through a motion to suppress. He argued that the petitioner
did not sufficiently understand English to be able to knowingly waive his rights and to give a
statement. The challenge not only touched upon the language barrier but also upon the issue of
petitioner’s signature being placed at the top of the statement rather than at the bottom of the
statement as is traditional. Further, counsel was concerned that a large portion of the statement was

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written in Detective Liehr’s handwriting. Counsel acknowledged, however, that the trial court
denied the suppression motion.

       Trial counsel said he felt no need to hire an expert to examine petitioner’s understanding of
the English language. He felt petitioner, who had been in the United States for some time, had been
employed in various capacities and had children, had a working knowledge of the English language.

        Counsel recalled that Afghanistan was the first country attacked following September 11, but
he wanted to be sure the jury did not allow the anti-Arabic sentiment to deprive petitioner of a fair
trial. He had hoped to show the jury that petitioner had fought for the United States in the Gulf War;
however, when petitioner decided not to testify, the opportunity never presented itself.

                                           DISCUSSION

         In this appeal, petitioner claims the trial court erred in dismissing his petition for post-
conviction relief. He specifically claims trial counsel failed to fully and adequately inquire into proof
of petitioner’s ability to acknowledge and voluntarily waive his Fifth Amendment privilege against
self-incrimination because of his limited understanding of the English language. Next, he contends
he was denied his Fifth Amendment right to a fair and impartial jury due to trial counsel’s failure
to object to the jury being informed that petitioner was an Iraqi citizen.

                                           Burden of Proof

        Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-30-103 (2003) provides that in order for a petitioner
to obtain post-conviction relief, the petitioner must show that his or her conviction or sentence is
void or voidable because of the abridgement of a constitutional right. The petitioner bears the burden
of proving the factual allegations in the Petition for Post-Conviction Relief by clear and convincing
evidence. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-110(f) (2003). Evidence is clear and convincing when there is
no serious or substantial doubt about the accuracy of the conclusion drawn from the evidence. Hicks
v. State, 983 S.W.2d 240, 245 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1998). On appeal, it is the burden of the petitioner
to show that the evidence preponderates against the lower court’s findings. Clenny v. State, 576
S.W.2d 12, 14 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1978).

        When a petitioner seeks post-conviction relief on the basis of ineffective assistance of
counsel, he must first establish that the services rendered or the advice given were below the “range
of competence demanded of attorneys in criminal cases.” Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930, 936
(Tenn. 1975). Second, he must show that the deficiencies “actually had an adverse effect on the
defense.” Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 693 (1984). Should the petitioner fail to
establish either factor, he is not entitled to relief. Our supreme court described the standard of
review as follows:

                Because a petitioner must establish both prongs of the test, a failure
                to prove deficiency or prejudice provides a sufficient basis to deny
                relief on the ineffective assistance claim. Indeed, a court need not

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                address the components in any particular order or even address both
                if the defendant makes an insufficient showing of one component.

Goad v. State, 938 S.W.2d 363, 370 (Tenn. 1996).

       To establish prejudice or the second prong of the Strickland analysis, a petitioner must
demonstrate a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s deficient performance, the result of the
proceeding would have been different. Strickland 466 U.S. at 687-88, 692, 694. “A reasonable
probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.” Id. at 694.

         On claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, the petitioner is not entitled to the benefit of
hindsight, may not second-guess a reasonably based trial strategy, and cannot criticize a sound, but
unsuccessful, tactical decision made during the course of the proceedings. Adkins v. State, 911
S.W.2d 334, 347 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994). Such deference to the tactical decisions of counsel,
however, applies only if the choices are made after adequate preparation for the case. Cooper v.
State, 847 S.W.2d 521, 528 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1992). When reviewing a defense attorney's actions,
this Court may not use hindsight to second-guess counsel's decisions regarding trial strategy and
tactics.

        Here, the petitioner’s first claim is that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to adequately
inquire into proof of petitioner’s ability to acknowledge and voluntarily waive his Fifth Amendment
privilege against self-incrimination. As evidenced in the record, petitioner gave a statement to
Detective Liehr. Although the statement was primarily written by the detective, the petitioner signed
the statement at the top. Trial counsel testified that he challenged the statement and waiver rights
form in a suppression motion and subsequent suppression hearing. Counsel attacked the statement
based on petitioner’s inability to waive his Fifth Amendment privilege and also inquired into the
unusual request by the detective that petitioner place his signature at the top of the statement.

        On direct appeal, petitioner challenged the trial court’s denial of his suppression motion
based on his claim that his statement was not knowing and intelligent because of his inadequate
grasp of the English language. This Court specifically addressed the “knowing and voluntary” issue
and referenced petitioner’s claim that he did not speak English. This Court upheld the trial court’s
denial of the suppression motion and concluded that petitioner had sufficient understanding of the
English language.

         Therefore, this issue has essentially been previously determined. As such, petitioner would
not be entitled to relief under the post-conviction statute. However, even if we expand our review
of this issue to include counsel’s action or inaction relating to petitioner’s ability to knowingly and
intelligently waive his Fifth Amendment privilege we reach the same result. Trial counsel testified
about the suppression motion and his concern with the statement. Counsel admitted he did not call
an expert to inquire fully into petitioner’s understanding of English. Counsel added that he did not
believe such an expert would have been beneficial in this case. This Court notes that no such expert
was presented at the post-conviction hearing.


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        Having reviewed the record, including evidence of petitioner’s social interaction and general
employment history, we find that counsel adequately protected petitioner’s rights and conducted an
adequate inquiry into petitioner’s ability to understand English. Having filed the motion to suppress
and securing the services of an Arabic interpreter, we find no deficiency in counsel’s performance.
This issue is without merit.

        In his final issue, petitioner maintains counsel was ineffective for failing to object to the jury
being informed that he was an Iraqi citizen. Petitioner adds that this failure resulted in a denial of
his Fifth Amendment right to a fair and impartial jury. Without question, the court and counsel
expressed concern about the petitioner’s nationality. As indicated throughout the record, the parties
openly discussed the September 11, 2001, terrorist incident in New York City and D.C. and the
perceived anti-Arabic sentiment in America. Petitioner testified that he is from Iraq but considers
himself an American. He admitted that his name sounds Arabic. However, counsel was concerned
from the beginning of his representation that petitioner’s Iraqi (or Arabic) nationality might impede
his ability to receive a fair trial.

         Counsel expressed these concerns in a motion in limine but also addressed the issue openly
with the trial court. The trial court recognized the concern and took steps to ensure that the jury
eventually empaneled would not be predisposed to finding guilt simply due to petitioner’s
nationality. To that end, the trial court conducted individual voir dire of the jurors on the issue.
Potential jurors were questioned about their sentiments following September 11 and were asked
whether they could be fair and impartial. Some potential jurors indicated they could not be fair and
that the petitioner’s Iraqi connection could or would affect their decision. Those jurors were excused
for cause.

       Based on excerpts in the record, other jurors were informed that petitioner was an Iraqi
national. Again, these questions were posed in an attempt to uncover bias or prejudice on the part
of any potential juror. Those jurors who indicated they would not be influenced by petitioner’s
nationality were permitted to stay in the potential jury pool. The record also indicates the trial court
informed the chosen jury that petitioner was in this country legally.

        Petitioner now claims counsel erred in failing to object to the jury being informed he was an
Iraqi national. We disagree. Counsel made it clear that he was concerned about the Arabic
connection in light of September 11. He stated that he was aware of the issues and wanted to be sure
petitioner received a fair and impartial trial. Rather than ignoring the issue, counsel brought the
matter before the trial court. The trial court took precautions to address the issue. These safeguards
were reasonable under the circumstances. Nothing in the record indicates the jurors could not be fair
and impartial. In fact, the individual questioning gave the petitioner the unique opportunity to
inquire specifically into the nationality issue.

        This Court finds that counsel took extraordinary steps to ensure his client received a fair trial
by fair and impartial jurors. Therefore, we find this claim is without merit.

          In post-conviction proceedings, the petitioner must prove the allegations by clear and

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convincing evidence. Here, he has failed to so do. Accordingly, the judgment of the post-conviction
court is hereby affirmed.


                                             _______________________________
                                             J. S. Daniel, Senior Judge




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