                                   Cite as 2020 Ark. 200
                SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS
                                      No.   CV-19-701


                                               Opinion Delivered May   21, 2020
 RAYMOND DAVID LEACH
                  APPELLANT
                                               PRO SE APPEAL FROM THE
 V.                                            LINCOLN COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
                                               [NO. 40CV-19-80]
 WENDY KELLEY, DIRECTOR,
 ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF       HONORABLE JODI RAINES DENNIS,
 CORRECTION                   JUDGE
                     APPELLEE
                              AFFIRMED.


                             JOHN DAN KEMP, Chief Justice

       Appellant Raymond David Leach appeals the denial of his pro se petition for writ of

habeas corpus filed pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated section 16-112-101 (Repl. 2016).

Because Leach stated no ground in the petition on which the writ could issue, we affirm

the circuit court’s order.

                                       I. Background

       In 2011, a jury convicted Davis of capital murder in the stabbing death of Christopher

Casey. Davis was sentenced to life imprisonment without parole. We affirmed. Leach v.

State, 2012 Ark. 179, 402 S.W.3d 517. In his habeas-corpus petition, Leach alleged that he

was entitled to relief because he was mentally incompetent both at the time of trial and

when the offense was committed, that the evidence supporting his conviction was

insufficient, and that no mitigation evidence regarding his history of mental illness was

submitted during the sentencing proceeding. The circuit court dismissed the petition and
concluded that his claims of mental incapacity, insufficiency of the evidence, and ineffective

assistance of counsel are not cognizable in a habeas proceeding. On appeal, Davis argues

that the circuit court erred and that habeas relief should be expanded to include

consideration of matters beyond the face of the judgment.

                              II. Grounds for Issuance of the Writ

       A writ of habeas corpus is proper when a judgment and commitment order is invalid

on its face or when a circuit court lacked jurisdiction over the cause. Foreman v. State, 2019

Ark. 108, 571 S.W.3d 484. Jurisdiction is the power of the court to hear and determine

the subject matter in controversy. Baker v. Norris, 369 Ark. 405, 255 S.W.3d 466 (2007).

When the circuit court has personal jurisdiction over the appellant and also has jurisdiction

over the subject matter, the court has authority to render the judgment. Johnson v. State,

298 Ark. 479, 769 S.W.2d 3 (1989).

       Under our statute, a petitioner who files a writ seeking scientific testing of evidence

and does not allege his or her actual innocence and proceed under Act 1780 of 2001,

codified at Arkansas Code Annotated sections 16-112-201 to -208 (Repl. 2016), must plead

either the facial invalidity of the judgment or the lack of jurisdiction by the circuit court

and make a showing by affidavit or other evidence of probable cause to believe that he or

she is being illegally detained.     Ark. Code Ann. § 16-112-103(a)(1) (Repl. 2016).

Proceedings for the writ are not intended to require an extensive review of the record of

the trial proceedings, and the circuit court’s inquiry into the validity of the judgment is

limited to the face of the commitment order. McArthur v. State, 2019 Ark. 220, 577 S.W.3d

385. Unless the petitioner can show that the circuit court lacked jurisdiction or that the

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commitment was invalid on its face, there is no basis for a finding that a writ of habeas

corpus should issue. Fields v. Hobbs, 2013 Ark. 416.

                                    III. Standard of Review

       A circuit court’s decision on a petition for writ of habeas corpus will be upheld unless

it is clearly erroneous. Hobbs v. Gordon, 2014 Ark. 225, 434 S.W.3d 364. A decision is

clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence to support it, the appellate court, after

reviewing the entire evidence, is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake

has been made. Id.

                                     IV. Claims for Relief

       Leach’s grounds for relief consisted of allegations challenging the sufficiency of the

evidence supporting his guilt, his lack of culpability as a result of his mental illness and drug

abuse, and the failure of counsel to offer sufficient evidence to mitigate his sentence. On

appeal, Leach argues that this court should broaden the reach of habeas relief by looking

beyond the face of the judgment on the basis of language in Arkansas’s habeas statute and

to consider claims of innocence based on federal habeas standards.1

       This court recently considered and rejected arguments to broaden the scope of the

writ to go beyond examining the face of the judgment to determine whether the writ should

issue. Crockett v. Kelley, 2020 Ark. 26 (citing Stephenson v. Kelley, 2018 Ark. 143, 544

S.W.3d 44).      A habeas proceeding is not a substitute for either direct appeal or

postconviction relief. Id. This court’s long-standing interpretation of the statute is the law,



       1
       Leach’s federal habeas claim was dismissed. Leach v. Kelley, 2018 WL 2185941 (May
11, 2018).
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and a habeas inquiry is limited to the face of the commitment order. Id. Therefore, habeas

proceedings are not a means to challenge the sufficiency of the evidence in a case, and a

habeas action does not afford a petitioner the opportunity to retry his or her case. Id. Leach’s

allegation of innocence appears to be based on his contention that he was mentally

incompetent when he committed the crime. An allegation that a petitioner was incorrectly

found competent as a result of defective evidence falls outside the limitations of the writ.

Ratliff v. Kelley, 2018 Ark. 105, 541 S.W.3d 408. Furthermore, Leach did not invoke the

provisions of Act 1780, codified at sections 16-112-201 to -208, in conjunction with his

assertion of innocence. Finally, claims of ineffective assistance of counsel are not cognizable

as a ground for the writ. Muhammad v. State, 2020 Ark. 47, 592 S.W.3d 242. The circuit

court did not clearly err when it rejected Leach’s claims as not cognizable under our long-

standing interpretation of the Arkansas habeas statute.

       Affirmed.

       HART, J., dissents.

       JOSEPHINE LINKER HART, Justice, dissenting. I dissent from the majority’s

declaration that “[t]his court’s long-standing interpretation of the statute is the law, and a

habeas inquiry is limited to the face of the commitment order.” As I have observed, this

conception of habeas corpus is dated, senselessly narrow, and legally incorrect. See, e.g.,

Stephenson v. Kelley, 2018 Ark. 143, 544 S.W.3d 44 (Hart, J., dissenting). Arkansas’s habeas

corpus law inescapably contemplates a more detailed inquiry than just the face of the

commitment order. See Watkins v. Kelley, 2018 Ark. 215, 549 S.W.3d 908 (Hart, J.,

dissenting) (“The writ of habeas corpus should not be fettered by such a narrow conception

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of its purpose. Ark. Code Ann. § 16-112-103’s plain language, which contemplates the

petitioner filing an ‘affidavit or other evidence,’ necessarily rejects any intimation that a

court’s review of a habeas petition is limited to an examination of the facial validity of the

confinement order or to whether the court that issued the confinement order had proper

jurisdiction.”).    Some errors are too glaring to ignore or endorse.         The majority’s

interpretation of our habeas corpus law is so far removed from its plain language that it

amounts to a due process and fair notice problem for those reading the statute. In this

matter, I would assess the merits of Leach’s petition.

       I dissent.

       Raymond David Leach, pro se appellant.

       Leslie Rutledge, Att’y Gen., by: Kent Holt, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.




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