J-S80031-18


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

    R.A.                                       :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                               :        PENNSYLVANIA
                                               :
                  v.                           :
                                               :
                                               :
    A.F.                                       :
                                               :
              Appellant                        :   No. 2101 EDA 2018

                   Appeal from the Order Dated June 13, 2018
      In the Court of Common Pleas of Bucks County Domestic Relations at
                        No(s): No. A06-2018-60978-A-37


BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., BOWES, J., and NICHOLS, J.

MEMORANDUM BY NICHOLS, J.:                           FILED FEBRUARY 21, 2019

           Appellant A.F. appeals from the order granting Appellee R.A.’s request

for a final protection order under the Protection From Abuse (PFA) Act, 23

Pa.C.S. §§ 6101-6122. Appellant asserts that there was insufficient evidence

to support the entry of a PFA order. We affirm.

           The facts underlying this matter are well known to the parties and are

aptly summarized in the trial court’s opinion. See Trial Ct. Op., 9/10/18, at

1-3. Accordingly, we need not reiterate them here. In sum, on June 6, 2018,

Appellee filed a PFA petition against her ex-husband, Appellant. On June 13,

2018, the parties appeared for an evidentiary hearing before the Honorable

Jeffrey G. Trauger. Appellee and Appellant had counsel, and both testified at

the hearing.1

____________________________________________


1   Appellee testified through an interpreter at the proceedings in this matter.
J-S80031-18



       At the conclusion of the June 13, 2018 hearing, the trial court entered

a three-year PFA order against Appellant. Appellant filed a timely notice of

appeal and court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of errors complained

of on appeal. The trial court issued a responsive Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion in

support of the trial court’s conclusion at the hearing, where the court had

stated that “based upon the totality of the circumstances as testified to . . .

this is a [matter falling under 23 Pa.C.S. § 6102(a)(5)] under the statute, and

that a protection from abuse order is warranted as specified under

Pennsylvania law.” N.T., 6/13/18, at 129.

       On appeal, Appellant raises the following question for our review:

       Whether the trial court erred in granting a [PFA] Order because
       there was insufficient evidence to find that [A]ppellee was in
       reasonable fear of bodily injury as required by 23 Pa.C.S. §
       6102(a)(5) simply by virtue of the fact that a tracking device was
       installed in the BMW that the parties jointly leased which was
       repossessed for nonpayment of lease payment, where [A]ppellee
       did not testify that she was in fear of bodily injury because of the
       tracking device, or that she was even aware of its installation prior
       to the hearing date, and where [A]ppellee offered no testimony or
       evidence of any threats by [A]ppellant to cause [A]ppellee
       physical harm, but instead claimed that [A]ppellant threatened to
       post embarrassing content about her on the internet, and that her
       “primary fears” related to her immigration status because of the
       legal documents that she signed in connection with her divorce
       from [A]ppellant?

Appellant’s Brief at 5.2

____________________________________________


2 In his Rule 1925(b) statement, Appellant also raised an issue regarding
whether venue was appropriate in Bucks County. This issue has been
abandoned on appeal.



                                           -2-
J-S80031-18



      Appellant asserts that “there was insufficient evidence to find that

[A]ppellee was in reasonable fear of bodily injury . . . simply by virtue of the

fact that a tracking device was installed in the BMW.” Id. at 18. Appellant

argues that the fact that a tracking device was installed in the vehicle “alone

appears to be the lynchpin that [caused] the court [to] believe[] there was a

‘course of conduct’ that placed [A]ppellee in reasonable fear of bodily injury.”

Id. at 21. However, according to Appellant, Appellee was not aware before

the hearing that the tracking device had been installed, and therefore, this

fact could not be the basis for the entry of a PFA order against him. Id.

      Following our review of Appellant’s arguments and the record, we

conclude that the well-reasoned opinion of Judge Jeffrey G. Trauger properly

addresses the arguments raised in this appeal. See Trial Ct. Op., 9/10/18, at

4-8. The court’s factual findings are supported in the record, and the court

appropriately analyzed the totality of the circumstances. The trial court did

not rely solely on the fact that a tracking device had been installed in

Appellee’s car as a basis to enter a final PFA order. Instead, Appellee testified

that she was afraid of the Appellant and provided details regarding multiple

incidents that caused her fear. See, e.g., N.T., 6/13/18, at 13-14.

      As the trial court noted at the evidentiary hearing on June 13, 2018, its

conclusion that a PFA order was warranted was based on its credibility

determinations and all of the circumstances presented in the case. See N.T.,

6/13/18, at 129. Therefore, we discern no error in the court’s conclusion that




                                      -3-
J-S80031-18



sufficient evidence was presented justifying a PFA order against Appellant,

and we affirm of the basis of the trial court’s discussion of this issue.

      Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 2/21/19




                                      -4-
                                                                                                Circulated 01/31/2019 02:28 PM




,,,-..._,
                IN THE COURT OF COMMON" PLEAS OF BUCKS COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
                                   FAMILY GOURTDIVISION


            R       ]A                                              NO. A06-2018-60978-A-40
                                                            '•


                    v,                                              2101 EDA2018


                              a                                                               case #: iOlll-tl097.6-0017 A 12053W2·
                                                                                              Main (Public)
                                                                                              Coo�· 5214 . J9dge'37
                                                                                              Rcpt"Z1049700 9111�189·4335AM




                                                          OPINION

                    A- F- (hereinafter referred to as ''Appellant''), appeals to Pennsylvania Superior Court

            from the final Protection from Abuse Order (hereinafter referred to as ''PFA1') entered by this Court

            on June 13� 2018 against him on behalf of R- A• (hereinafter .referred to as "Appellee").

            Pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of.Appellate Procedure 1925(a), we now file this Opinionin the above-

            captioned.matter in support of the Court's i:uling.


                    I..    PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

                    On June 6, 20'18, Appellee filed a handwritten Petition for Protection from Abuse ("PFN')

            against.Appellant, alleging, among other things, that she.was fearful for her life after Appellant posted

            an online video alleging- false accusations about her committing infidelity, A&further alleged that

            Appellant continued to threaten to post more videos and inappropriate pictures -of her online which

            might cause hetfamily or otherpersons to kill her upon her return to Egypt as it violates cultural and

            religious beliefs; An ex·.parte hearing was held before the Honorable Susan Devlin Scott on June_ 6,

            201�, and A• was- granted a temporary PFA Order. A full evidentiary heating upon the Petition was

            held before the undersigned ou June 13, 2018 with .thepresence of a certified court-appointed.Arabic

            · interpreter .as requested by Appellee. The Court heard testimony from: Appellant and Appellec, and




                                                                  l5
· ·-
   '
       after examining the record, assessing witnesses' credibility and consideringthe evidence and testimony

       presented, the Court entered a final Order awarding Appellee Protection from Abuse from Appellant

       for the maximum statutory period of three (3) years, which.is the subject of this appeal,


              II.      FACTUAL BACKGROUND

              Th� !e·co�d 'before this Court reflects that Appellant, forty-seven (47) years old and Appellee,

       thirty (30) years old, were married in 2015 and divorced in 201-7. (N.T. 6/13/2018, p; 9)        Their

       marriage was a family-arranged marriage in accordance with the parties' religion and Egyptian culture.

       The marriage   tqoki place in their home country of �gypt through both parties' families    without the

       physical presence of Appellant, but by Appellant's representation through his brother.           (�tT.

       6/13/2018, P: 37) The parties had only comm1cnicateq. through the internet (i.e. Skype) and did. not

       physically meet prior to Appellee :arriving in the UnitedStates in 2015 when the parties effectuated

       the marriage-under .American law. (N.T. 6/13/2018, P: 3'8)      Both parties agreed the marriage was

       flawed and consented to the dissolution of the marriage in 2017.


               Appellee testified ,$he came to the United States with money ofan approximate, value of Ten

       Thousand U.S. Dollars {$10,000). (N.T. 6/13/2018, P: 39) Due to the fact that Appellee was in a

       new country, with no friends or family members other than Appellant and alanguage barrier, Appellec

       relied on and trusted Appellanr's.recommendations in prepatmg and signing various. legal documents

       including her immigration p�pe.rs; (N .T. 6 /13 /2018, P: 71) Appellee also trusted Appellant with her

       money which he. allegedly used for investment piliposes. (N ..T, 6/ B/2018, p. 11} Afte,r the divorce,

       Appellant thei:¢afte.t   used the Ten Thousand   Dollars {$10AOO)   along with his own money to buy a

       house'jointly owned together. with Appellee and a friend of Appellant. (N.T.. 6/13/201'8, p.'11, 41�

       42) Evidence before. the Court confirmed the house located at 505 Orchard Avenue, Warminster,
Bucks County, Pennsylvania (hereinafter referred to as "Residence") is jointly owned by Appellant

and.Appellee.      (:N':r. 6/13/2018,pp'. 10-11)

          The record reflects that after the divorce, Appellee resided at the Residence, Appellant stated

he would occasionally-reside there.but the panties would stay in separate bedrooms. (N.T; 6/13/2018,

p. 113) The record also confirms Appellant changed the Iocks at one point and thereafter Appellee

began :tesiding with friends when she no longer had access to the Residence.

           In the Petition filed with the Court on June 6, 2018, and the Surpletnental Petition filed on

June 12, 2018, Appellee listed multiple incidents where Appellant threatened to hurt her. Appellee

testified Appellant communicated his 'threats and intimidation to her personally and to her family.

(N�T. 6/1:3/201�, pp. 13-15, 18, 24, 29, �2-34)       After consideration   of all evidence and testimony

presented at the June 13, 2018 hearing,      the Court granted .Appellee'.s .r�q),lest for a finalPFAOrder
for a period of three (3) years. On.July Ji, 2018, Appellant filed a Notice of Appeal to the Superior

Court appealing the June 13, 201.8 final PFA Order. On July '16, 2018, this Court ordered Fattah to

file a Concise Statement of Errors which he has done. The Court now files this Opinion in support

of its   ruling.

           III.    STATEMENT OF ERRORS COMPLAINED OF ON Af>PEAL

           On July 16, 2018, this Court issued an Order pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925 (b) directing Appellant

to file of record and serve on the undersigned a Concise Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal

within twenty-one (21) days of the date of this Order. The Order also directed that "anyissue not

properlyincluded in the concise statement shall be deemed waived."


           Ori August 6, 2018, Appellant filed a Concise Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal,

set .forth Perbativ1,her;ein:



                                                      3
               1. Whether this Honorable Court 'lacked proper venue because
                     plaintiff failed to. establish that either party resided or 'was
                     employed within Bucks County at the time the Protection from
                     Abuse actionwas brought, filled to establish that any alleged act
                     of abuse. occurred within Bucks County, and did not request
                     possession of a residence located in Bucks County?

               2. Whether this Honorable Court erred ih granting a Protection from
                  ,1\buse Order because there was-insufficient evidence to findthat
                     plaintiff was in reasonable fear of bodily injury is required by.2;,
                     Pa.C.S. § 6J02(a)(5) simply by virtue of the fact that a tracking
                     device was. installed in the BMW that the parties jointly leased
                     which was repossessed for nonpayment of lease payment; where
                     plaintiff did not testify that she was in fear of bodily injury because
                     of the tracking device, or that she was even aware ofits installation
                     prior to the hearing date, and where plaintiff.offered no testimony
                     or evidence of any threats by defendant to cause plaintiff physical
                     harm, but instead claimed that defendant threatened to .post
                     embarrassing content about her on the internet, and that her
                     "primary fears" related to her itnmiw=:.\tfon status because of the
                     legal documents that she signed in connection with her divorce
                     from defendant?



       IV.      DISCUSSION

       TI1e Superior Court has continuously held that the standard of review in PE'\ orders is

evaluating the trial court's Iegal.conclusions for an error of.law or abuse of discretion, Ttout v. Strube,

97 A. 3d 387 (Pa, Super. 2014). when considering issues of statutoryinterpretation, the applicable

standard of review is de.novo and the.scope of review is plenary. Scoffv. Shay, 928 A.2d 312, 314

(Pa. Super. 2007).

       "When faced with a :sufficiency challenge under the [PFAA] we review the evidence in the

light most favorable to the petitioner and, gta11ting [him] the benefit of all reasonable inferences,

determine whether the evidence was sufficient            to   sustain the, t:nal court's conclusion by a

preponderance of the evidence." Custer y,       Cochran, 9J3 A.2d 1050, 1058 (Pa. Super. 2007). Tn a


                                                     4
hearing on a petition for an order for protection from abusepursuant to Protection from Abuse Act,

theSuperior Court defers to credibility determinations of trial court as to witnesses who appeared

before it. lg. ''The preponderance of evidence standard is defined as the greater weight of the

'evidence, i.e.,_ to tip a scale slightly is the criterijon] or requirement for preponderance of the-evidence."

Ferriv. Ferd, 854A.2d 600, 602-603 (Pa. Super. 2004) (internal citations and 9uotations omitted) .

        Appellant initially argues that this Court lacked p�oper venue. Under Pa.R.C.P.            § 1901, an
action for protection from abuse may be brought in a county inwhichr (1) the plaintiff resides, either

temporarily or permauentiy, or is employed; (2) the defendant -may he served; or (3) the abuse

occurred. Pa.R,..C.P.   §19.0i(a.).   The record before this. Court 'established that both parties have

ownership interest in the ,property 'located at 505 Orchard .Avenue, Warminster, Bucks County

Pennsylvania, where Appellee resided prior to Appellant changing the locks. That residential property

is also where Appellant was residing with his new wife at the time of the filing ofthe Protection from

Abuse action and at: the time of the final hearingheld onjune 13, 1018. .Accordingly, the. Court did

not err in_ finding propervenue in Bucks County, and Appellant's contention is wholly without merit:


        Appellant also argues that the Court erred in granting a final Protection from Abuse Order in

favor of Appellee 'because there was a lack of sufficient evidence to support the conclusions Appellee

was placed in reasonable fear of bodily fujuLr as -required under. 23 Pa.C.$. § 6102(a)(5)'. Appellant

claims the mere factthat he installed a tracking device in A ppellee's car without her knowledge is not

sufficient to meet the requirements under 23 Pa.CS. § 6102(�)(5). The record, however, includes

numerous actions by F� which support the Court's conclusion in this case.


        "The P.FA Act operates to protect victims of domestic violence and permit the. courts to

respond quickly   and flexibly    to both early si�s and subsequent acts of abuse with the. issuance of

protection orders." Commonwealth v. Walsh, 36 A.3d 613, 617 (Pa.Euper, 2012} (citations om:itted).



                                                      5
.··-...,
           The statute specifically provides protection for "family or household members" of the alleged abuser,

           Id. The term "family or household members" is defined as "spouses or persons who have been

           spouses, persons living as spouses· or who lived as spouses, parents and children, other persons related

           by consanguinity or affinity, current or former sexual or intimate, partners or persons who share

           biological parenthood." Id.


                   It is also well-established that •'[p]ursuant to the PFA .Act, 23 Pa:C.S,A. §§ 6101-6117, aPFA

           petitioner 'must-prove the allegation of abuse by a preponderance of the evidence/ and that '[a] [PFA]

           Petitioner is not required to establish [that] abuse occurred .beyond a reasonable doubt., but only to

           establish it by a preponderance or the evidence.r" Boykin v.. Brown, 868 A2d 1264, 1265�126!) (Pa.

           Super. 2005) (citjng 23 Pa.C.S . .t\. § 6i67(a); Snyder v. Snyder, 629 A.2d 977, 982-83 (1993).


                   The Pennsylvania Protection from Abuse Act, 23Pa.C.S. § 6102,.defin� "ab�e"in,pertirient

           part as follows:


                              § 6102; Definitions
                              (a) General rule.--The followingwords and phrases when usedin this chapter
                              shall.have the meanings given to them iii this. section unless the context clearly
                              indicates otherwise:
                              "Abuse." The occurrence of one-or more of the.following acts between family
                              01: household members, sexual or intimate partnexs or persons who share
                              biological parenthood:
                                      (1) Attempting to cause or intentionally, .knowingly or
                                      recklessly causing bodily injury�. serious bodily injui:y:, -tape,
                                      involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, sexual.assault, statutory·
                                      sexual assault, aggravated indecent. assault, indecent assault or
                                      incest with or without a deadly weapon ..

                                      (2) Placing another in reasonable feat of imminent serious
                                      bodily injury.

                              ***
                                       (5) Knowingly engaging 'in a course ofconduct or repeatedly
                                      committing acts toward another person, including following
                                      the person, without proper authority, under circumstances


                                                                  6
                                                which place the person in: reasonable feai: of bodily injury, The
                                                definition of this paragraph applies only- to proceedings
                                                commenced under this title and is inapplicable to any criminal
                                                prosecutions commenced under Title. 18 (relating to crimes
                                                and offenses).

                       23 Pa. CS.A. § 6102.


                               It is the firm conclusion ofthis Court that Appellapt (may have illegally and possibly being

                       sufficientgrounds for criminal charges) installed a. GPS trackingdevice in Appellee's vehicle without

                       her knowledge or consent.           In addition, the record shows F- took advantage of Appellee's

                       language battier, lack of family, and the complete· trust she plated in Appellant. to facilitate the false

                       claim on her immigration application that she was a lesbian and thereafter conveying that claun 'and

                       related infottnation online to persons in. Egypt, effectively precluding her ability to return home

                       without facing a threat of violence. The record before this Court is convincing and clear thatAppellee

                       feltseverely threatened andiintimidatedby Appellant. Appelleewas visibly-shaken and terrified during

                       her testimony at theJune 13, 2018 hearing, Appellee testified that .Appellant would -call and text her,

                       and ifshe did uot.respond, Appellantwc:iuid scream and yellather, Appellee also testified that when

                       Appellant could not reach her, he would contact her family in Egypt threatening to spread rumors

                       about-Appellee's infidelity and other immoral behaviors which are not fittin� to prevailing religious

                       beliefs and fu:tnily traditions.   (N'.T. 6/t.3/2018, pp.   32-34, 56)   Appellant, in fact, posted a video on

                       Facebook, which     may v� well.place Appell,ee's life in danger should herimmigration.status change
                       and she is forced to return to Egypt. (N,T. 6/1.3/2018, pp. 32�33,50-51, 65)


                               Throughout her testimony, Appellee repeatedly stated, that .Appellant threatened to alter her

                       immigration status, again taking advantage of Appellee's lack ofknowledge; an action which might

                       .force hereto be deported back to· Egypt where- 'her life is threatened as- result of Appellant's posted

                       video on Fatebook, claims of her lesbianismj.as well as other behaviors not fitting the Islamic 'religfon.

,,.................,
                       Appellant continued to threaten Appellee that he would post naked pictures of her. Disturbingly,

                                                                              7
   Appellee testified Appellant would frequently show up in the same places where Appellee happened

    to be including the bank, her job, and other public places (likely using the tracking device he installed




                                                 F-
   without Appellee's knowledge or consent onher vehicle). (N.T. 6/13/2018, pp. 22, 61)


            It is troubling to this Court that        appealed the final PFA Order in his continued effort

    to threaten and intimidate Appellee, The parties were married for a short period of time, both agreed

   their marriage did not work and both consented to the divorce which was finalized May 2017. The
                                                                  '·� .remarried, and at the time of the
   parties never had children. Appellant has moved on with his life,

   hearing, his new wife was pregnant. Appellant further testified without any corroborating evidence

   and without any credibility that Appelleethreatened him and his pregnant wife. (N.T. 6/13/2018, p.

   116) Based on the· foregoing and all of the evidence and testimony as witnessed by this Court; there

   is absolutely no reason for Appellant to be in contact with Appellce or to otherwise track her

   whereabouts by GPS on his personal cell phone. His attorney should assist him in resolving the

   remaining ownership interest related to the property located at 505 Orchard Avenue, Warminster,

   Bucks County, Pennsylvania, to conclude that last connection between the parties.



           V.        CONCLUSION

           Based upon the foregoing reasons, this Court finds an abundance of credible evidence was

   presented attrial supported the decision to grant the final three (3) year Protection from Abuse Order,

   and, therefore, we recommend that this appea1 be denied and dismissed.



                                                           BYTHE COURT:

N.B.     Ii u:i yOU! '.ri'lS.PO:lSilil!l�"'{
to n..-<1tjfy � mte�ted          ��!'3
of t'il� abov'\8 ootiort


   Date: September 10, 2018

                                                       8
RtmdaAttia 11. Abdo/ Fattah'
Bi1cks Co1il�(j Guat of Common Pleas Citti! Disision, No. A06,2018-60978-A-40

Copies to;

Erin C. Lentz-McMahon, Esquire
Mclvlahon, Lentz & Thompson
21 West Airy Street
Norristown; PA 19401
   Attomryfar DejeJ1dt1ii t


Barbara Kaner, Esquire
Bucks County Legal Aid Society
60 .North MainStreet
Doylestown,'PA 18901
   Attor11ryj�rPM11tiff




                                                  9
