                     IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI

                                 NO. 2006-CT-01210-SCT

WILLIE C. JOHNSON

v.

BRANDY N. THOMAS, A MINOR, BY AND
THROUGH HER NEXT FRIEND, JOHN
POLATSIDIS


                              ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI

DATE OF JUDGMENT:                           06/15/2006
TRIAL JUDGE:                                HON. JOSEPH H. LOPER, JR.
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:                  WINSTON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT:                     ROBERTA LYNN HAUGHTON
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:                      J. NILES McNEEL
NATURE OF THE CASE:                         CIVIL - PERSONAL INJURY
DISPOSITION:                                THE JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF
                                            APPEALS IS REVERSED AND THE
                                            JUDGMENT OF THE WINSTON COUNTY
                                            CIRCUIT COURT IS REINSTATED AND
                                            AFFIRMED - 05/22/2008
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:


       EN BANC.

       CARLSON, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:

¶1.    After a hearing, the Winston County Circuit Court entered an order setting aside its

previous order allowing the plaintiff a second, 120-day extension to serve process on the

defendant; denying the plaintiff’s request for an additional 120 days to serve process; and

dismissing the plaintiff’s complaint with prejudice due to the running of the applicable statute
of limitations. On appeal, the Mississippi Court of Appeals reversed the trial court’s

judgment of dismissal and remanded this case to the Winston County Circuit Court with

instructions to allow the plaintiff an extension of time to serve process on the defendant.

Johnson v. Thomas, 2007 Miss. App. LEXIS 546 (Miss. Ct. App. Aug. 28, 2007). After the

Court of Appeals denied the defendant’s motion for rehearing (Johnson v. Thomas, 2007

Miss. App. LEXIS 835 (Dec. 11, 2007)), the defendant filed a petition for writ of certiorari,

which this Court granted. Johnson v. Thomas, 2008 Miss. LEXIS 113 (Feb. 28, 2008).

Upon consideration, we reverse the judgment of the Court of Appeals and reinstate and

affirm the trial court judgment entered in favor of the defendant.

               FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS IN THE TRIAL COURT

¶2.    On July 18, 2005, Willie C. Johnson filed a complaint in the Circuit Court of Winston

County against Brandy N. Thomas. Since Thomas was then a minor, she was sued by and

through her next friend, John Polatsidis, and “Doe Defendant A” was also named as a

defendant. Johnson asserted in his complaint that he had suffered personal injuries as a result

of a motor vehicle accident on July 16, 2002, when a vehicle driven by Thomas collided with

a vehicle in which Johnson was a passenger. The record reflects that, at the time of the filing

of the complaint on July 18, 2005, process was not issued for service upon the defendants.1




       1
        There is no dispute as to this action being commenced within the three-year
limitations period prescribed by Mississippi Code Annotated Section 15-1-49 (Rev. 2003),
since July 16, 2005, was a Saturday, thus meaning that Johnson had until Monday, July 18,
2005, in which to commence this action. See Miss. R. Civ. P. 6(a).

                                              2
¶3.    On November 10, 2005, 115 days after filing the complaint, Johnson filed a motion

for an extension of time to serve process on Thomas. In this motion, as a basis for requesting

the extension of time, Johnson stated that his attorney was conducting an ongoing

investigation to determine the identity of Thomas’s “next friend or parent,” and that his

attorney’s investigator, “who would conduct this investigation, has been out on sick leave

for several weeks and the date of his return is not yet known.” The trial court granted

Johnson’s motion and gave Johnson an additional 120 days to perfect service on Thomas.

¶4.    On November 22, 2005, Thomas, unaware that Johnson had received an extension,

filed a motion to dismiss Johnson’s complaint for lack of service of process. Thereafter, on

March 16, 2006, Johnson filed a second motion for an extension of time to serve process.

The trial court granted Johnson’s second request for an extension. On March 27, 2006,

Thomas filed a motion to set aside the trial court’s second order granting Johnson an extra

120 days in which to serve process. On May 3, 2006, Johnson filed an amended complaint,

with the only substantive change in the amended complaint being the allegation that Sherry

Polatsidis was the mother and next friend of Brandy Thomas.

¶5.    On May 15, 2006, in the Circuit Court of Winston County, Judge Joseph H. Loper,

Jr., presiding, a hearing was held on Thomas’s motion to set aside the trial court’s second

order granting Johnson an extension of time in which to perfect service of process on

Thomas. At the hearing, Thomas’s attorney argued that he had filed a motion to dismiss

before learning that the court had granted Johnson’s request for an extension of time. After

realizing that a request had been granted, Thomas’s attorney spoke with Johnson’s attorney

                                              3
on two separate occasions. Thomas thus asserts that Johnson’s attorney should have

informed the trial judge of these discussions with Thomas’s attorney and the fact that

Thomas had filed a motion to dismiss for failure to timely effectuate service of process upon

Thomas. In the end, Judge Loper concluded that he had granted the extension without full

knowledge of the procedural history of this case.

¶6.    Judge Loper then allowed Johnson’s attorney an opportunity to attempt to establish

“good cause” as to why additional time should be granted for service of process to be

perfected. Again, Johnson’s attorney argued that her law office was under-staffed and that

the investigator had been out of the office. Judge Loper ruled that Johnson’s attorney had

failed to show good cause for failing to serve Thomas and refused to grant additional time

in which to perfect service of process. Therefore, the trial court’s second order granting

Johnson additional time to perfect service was set aside and the complaint was dismissed

with prejudice.

                   PROCEEDINGS IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

¶7.    On appeal, Johnson raised four issues: (1) whether John Polatsidis and Brandy N.

Thomas were parties to this action; (2) whether the trial court lacked jurisdiction to enter an

order of dismissal as to Polatsidis and Thomas; (3) whether the issue of settlement

discussions between the parties’ attorneys was information which should have been disclosed

by Johnson’s attorney to the trial judge when she sought an extension of time in which to

serve process upon the defendants; and (4) whether the trial judge erred in requiring Johnson

to show good cause (as opposed to cause) to obtain an extension of time in which to serve

                                              4
process upon the defendants. However, the Court of Appeals determined that “[a]lthough

Johnson lists four issues, we choose not to specifically address them, as they are subsumed

in the ultimate question of whether the trial judge abused his discretion in setting aside his

second order granting Johnson additional time to serve process and in dismissing Johnson’s

case with prejudice.” Johnson v. Thomas, 2007 Miss. LEXIS 546, *5, ¶ 7.

¶8.    In addressing this sole issue, the Court of Appeals stated, inter alia, “that in light of

the fact that the judge found sufficient cause to rule in Johnson’s favor on two occasions, we

find that it was arbitrary and capricious for the judge to void his order granting the second

extension. Accordingly, we reverse and remand this case to the trial court with instructions

to allow Johnson an extension of time to perfect service of process upon Thomas, provided

that the extension may be limited to the number of days remaining on the second extension

before it was voided.” Id., *10, ¶ 15. In particular, the Court of Appeals determined that,

according to Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 6(b)(1), cause, not good cause, is all that

must “be shown before a trial judge is authorized to grant a request for additional time after

a previous request has already been granted.” Id. at * 7, ¶ 11. After Thomas’s motion for

rehearing was denied by the Court of Appeals, Thomas filed a petition for writ of certiorari,

which this Court granted.

                                       DISCUSSION

¶9.    We agree with the Court of Appeals that, although Johnson raised four issues on

appeal, these issues were “subsumed” in the critical question of whether the trial judge’s

action in setting aside the second order granting Johnson an extension of time to serve

                                               5
process on the defendants rose to the level of an abuse of discretion. Indeed, based on

Thomas’s petition for writ of certiorari, to which Johnson filed no response,2 we deem it

appropriate on established authority to limit today’s question on review via our grant of

certiorari. In Re Estate of Woodfield, 968 So. 2d 421, 426 (Miss. 2007); Yelverton v.

Yelverton, 961 So. 2d 19, 23-24 (Miss. 2007). See Mississippi Rule of Appellate Procedure

17(h).

¶10.     We now address the one issue we choose to address on writ of certiorari.

         I.     WHETHER A PLAINTIFF WHO OBTAINS FOR “CAUSE” AN
                EXTENSION TO SERVE PROCESS WITHIN THE INITIAL 120
                DAYS OF THE FILING OF THE COMPLAINT CAN
                THEREAFTER CONTINUE OBTAINING EXTENSIONS FOR
                “CAUSE” AS OPPOSED TO SHOWING “GOOD CAUSE” AS
                LONG AS AN EXTENSION IS OBTAINED BEFORE THE
                EXISTING EXTENSION HAS EXPIRED.

¶11.     In addressing this issue, we necessarily are required first to consider whether the trial

judge in today’s case abused his discretion in setting aside his second order granting the

plaintiff an extension of time in which to serve the defendants with process. However, in

addition to setting aside this second order granting an extension of time to serve process, the

trial court also denied the plaintiff’s request for additional time to serve the defendants and

dismissed the complaint with prejudice “since more than three years has elapsed since the



         2
        Pursuant to Mississippi Rule of Appellate Procedure 17(d), Johnson was under no
obligation to file a response to Thomas’s petition for writ of certiorari, but we note Johnson’s
lack of a response only to make clear that the sole issue we are asked to consider on writ of
certiorari is the one issue which we discuss today, after re-stating the issue for the sake of
our discussion.

                                                 6
date of the accident that forms the basis of the Complaint.” This Court’s standard of review

when considering a motion to dismiss is de novo. Scaggs v. GPCH-GP, Inc., 931 So. 2d

1274, 1275 (Miss. 2006). See also Carter v. Citigroup, Inc., 938 So. 2d 809, 817 (Miss.

2006) (quoting Stephens v. Equitable Life Assur. Soc’y of the United States, 850 So. 2d 78,

82 (Miss. 2003)). On the other hand, “[t]his Court leaves to the discretion of the trial court

the finding of fact on the existence of good cause or excusable neglect for delay in serving

process under Rule 4(h).” Long v. Mem’l Hosp. at Gulfport, 969 So. 2d 35, 38 (Miss.

2007). That is to say, “[w]here such discretion is abused or is not supported by substantial

evidence, this court will reverse.” Id.

¶12.    We now return to the facts of this case. A brief timeline concerning the procedural

history of this case is beneficial:

Event                                                            Date                   Days
                                                                                       Elapsed

Complaint (Plaintiff)                                            07-18-05   (Filed)
Motion for Extension of Time (Plaintiff)                         11-10-05   (Filed)3   115
Order Granting Motion (Dated: 11-08-05)                          11-18-05   (Filed)      8
Motion to Dismiss (Defendants)                                   11-22-05   (Filed)      4
Summons Issued 4                                                 03-15-06              113


        3
       Note that the order granting the motion was actually signed by the trial judge two
days before the motion for extension of time was even filed. We can thus safely say that
Johnson’s attorney construed our rules of civil procedure in such a way as to assure a
“speedy” determination of her motion. See Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 1.
        4
        Although Johnson had secured an extension of time to effectuate service of process,
we note that Johnson’s attorney waited until two hundred forty (240) days after the
complaint was filed before she, for the first time, requested that summons be issued for
service upon the defendants.

                                              7
Second Motion for Extension of Time (Defendants)                  03-16-06 (Filed)        1
Order Granting Motion (Dated: 03-15-06)                           03-20-06 (Filed)        4
Motion to Set Aside Order Granting Time (Defendants)              03-27-06 (Filed)        7
Response to Motion to Set Aside (Plaintiff)                       04-04-06 (Filed)        8
Response to Plaintiff’s Response (Defendants)                     04-07-06 (Filed)        3
Amended Complaint (Plaintiff)                                     05-03-06 (Filed)       26
Summons Issued                                                    05-03-06                0
Hearing on Motion to Set Aside Order                              05-15-06               12
Order Granting Motion and Dismissal (Dated: 06-15-06)             06-19-06 (Filed)       35

¶13.   As noted in the timeline, on May 15, 2006, the trial judge heard Thomas’s Motion to

Set Aside Order Granting Additional Time to Serve Process and to Dismiss Complaint

Without Prejudice. During this hearing, Thomas’s attorney presented the trial judge with

several material details (previously unknown to the trial judge) concerning Thomas’s

participation in the present case. First, Thomas’s attorney informed Judge Loper that on

November 22, 2005, unaware of the court’s first extension of time, he filed a motion to

dismiss for lack of service of process.5 However, upon learning of the trial court’s first order

granting additional time, he considered the motion moot and not ripe for hearing. In

addition, on two separate occasions, Thomas’s attorney and Johnson’s attorney had

settlement discussions, although they failed to reach a settlement. Therefore, upon learning

that Johnson had filed a second motion for extension of time to serve process, and that the

trial judge had entered an order granting this second motion, Thomas’s attorney filed a


       5
         Thomas’s attorney also opined that since the certificate of service appended to the
motion to dismiss reveals that he had mailed a copy of the motion to dismiss to Johnson’s
attorney, Johnson, through his attorney, had known since November 22, 2005, that he
(Thomas’s attorney) was an attorney of record in the case, and yet this fact was not revealed
to the trial judge at the time that Johnson’s attorney secured a second extension of time to
serve process.

                                               8
motion to set aside the order because he believed that the trial court had been misled by

Johnson’s attorney not fully informing the trial court of the procedural history of this case,

including the fact that Thomas’s attorney was an attorney of record in this case.6

¶14.   Upon receiving this additional information at the hearing, Judge Loper reconsidered

his previous, second extension of time to serve process and determined that Johnson had

failed to show cause for not serving Thomas. In essence, the trial judge determined that

being under-staffed at her law office had not prohibited Johnson’s attorney from having

contact with Thomas’s attorney and should not have prohibited her from serving process

upon Thomas and her next friend. Specifically, Judge Loper stated:

       And I am going to set aside the order granting additional time because, you
       know, intentional or unintentional, I’m of the opinion – I mean plaintiff’s
       counsel has indicated she thought I already was aware of the motion that had
       been filed by the defense, but I was not.

       And I – because I was not aware of that, I granted this motion without having
       all the information before me. And I should have known that. I believe it was
       plaintiff’s counsel (sic) responsibility to notify the Court that there was
       somebody else involved in this case already. So I am going to set aside the
       order granting additional time.

¶15.   After setting aside the second order granting an extension of time to serve process,

Judge Loper stated:



       6
         We also note that the record reveals that no certificate of service was appended to the
second motion for extension of time to serve process, which motion was filed on March 16,
2006, and it is apparent from the record that it is undisputed that Johnson’s attorney failed
to send a copy of this motion to Thomas’s attorney, notwithstanding the fact that Johnson’s
attorney had known at least since November 2005 of the involvement of Thomas’s attorney
in this case.

                                               9
       Now, if – you know, I am prepared now to hear if you want to go forward and
       argue why that motion should be granted now. But right now the motion is not
       granted. And if you want to come forward and show me good cause now of
       why I should go ahead and grant additional time, you know, I am prepared to
       hear that.

(Emphasis added).

¶16.   Johnson’s attorney then proceeded to argue what she believed constituted good cause

to justify the trial court granting a second extension of time to serve process upon the

defendants. During her argument, Johnson’s attorney again argued that her law office was

“short-handed,” and that her investigator had been out of the office for a substantial period

of time. After hearing arguments from the attorneys for Johnson and Thomas, Judge Loper

reasoned:

       I’m of the opinion plaintiff has failed to show good cause. The defense
       counsel stated very accurately anybody in the state of Mississippi, that is . . .
       over 18 . . . but anybody can serve process. If it is somebody whose address
       is, you know, widely known, then I see no reason why some particular
       individual that is employed by the office is the one that would have to do the
       serving. Anybody could serve it.
       ...
       So I don’t think good cause has been shown. I am going to now deny the
       motion for additional time.

¶17.   Since Johnson was not able to show “good cause,” Judge Loper voided his previous

order granting a second extension of time and dismissed Johnson’s complaint with prejudice

“since more than three years has elapsed since the date of the accident that forms the basis

of the Complaint.”

¶18.   Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 4(h) states:




                                              10
       If a service of the summons and complaint is not made upon a defendant
       within 120 days after the filing of the complaint and the party on whose behalf
       such service was required cannot show good cause why such service was not
       made within that period, the action shall be dismissed as to that defendant
       without prejudice upon the court’s own initiative with notice to such party or
       upon motion.

¶19.   It is clear that Rule 4(h) requires a summons and a copy of the complaint to be served

upon the defendant “within 120 days after filing of the complaint.” If service of process has

not been completed within 120 days, the party responsible for service must show “good

cause” why such service had not been issued. Miss. R. Civ. P. 4(h).

¶20.   We note that Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 6(b)(1), dealing with enlargement

of time in which to perform a required act, provides in relevant part:

       When by these rules or by notice given thereunder or by order of court an act
       is required or allowed to be done at or within a specified time, the court for
       cause shown may at any time in its discretion (1) with or without motion or
       notice order the period enlarged if request therefore is made before the
       expiration of the period originally prescribed or as extended by a previous
       order . . . .

¶21.   Thus, Thomas asserts that when reading Rule 4(h) together with Rule 6(b)(1), the “for

cause shown” requirement set out in Rule 6(b)(1) applies only to an extension of time granted

within the initial 120 days of the filing of the complaint. Thomas opines that by following

this argument to its logical conclusion, “good cause” thus must be shown to justify the

granting of a second extension of time to serve process upon a defendant.

¶22.   Although we find no case directly on point to apply to the factual scenario with which

we are presented in today’s case, our recent decision in Cross Creek Products v. Scafidi, 911

So. 2d 958 (Miss. 2005) offers guidance. In Cross Creek, a pro-se, personal-injury plaintiff

                                             11
filed suit on July 29, 2003. Thus, pursuant to Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 4(h), the

deadline for service of the summons upon the named defendants was November 26, 2003.

Prior to the running of the 120-day period prescribed in Rule 4(h), the plaintiff wisely

employed an attorney, who on November 18, 2003, filed a motion for additional time to serve

process. The trial judge granted the motion, thus giving the plaintiff until March 26, 2004,

in which to serve process upon the defendants. On December 3, 2003, the plaintiff filed an

amended complaint, and one of the defendants, Cross Creek, was served with process on

February 19, 2004. In due course, Cross Creek filed a motion to dismiss, asserting that the

plaintiff did not have good cause for failing to serve process within the initial, 120-day

period. After the trial court denied the motion to dismiss, we granted Cross Creek’s

subsequently-filed petition for interlocutory appeal. En route to affirming the trial judge’s

denial of Cross Creek’s motion to dismiss, we stated:

       Rule 4(h) clearly does not apply to a motion for additional time filed within the
       initial 120 days. In fact, under Rule 4(h), a showing of good cause is not
       required unless and until the complaint is subject to dismissal for failure to
       serve process within 120 days, and a complaint cannot be subject to dismissal
       for failure to serve process within 120 days until the 120-day period has
       elapsed. There is no requirement in the Rules that, during the initial 120-day
       period, a plaintiff must show good cause in order to obtain additional time in
       which to serve process.

Id. at 960 (emphasis in original).

¶23.   In today’s case, Johnson cites Cross Creek in support of his argument that the trial

judge erred in requiring him to show “good cause” for failing to serve process. However, we

agree with Thomas that Johnson has misinterpreted what we said in Cross Creek.


                                              12
Continuing with our analysis of Cross Creek, this Court likewise discussed the applicability

of Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 6(b) to the facts with which we were then confronted.

In discussing the “for cause shown” language found in Rule 6(b), we stated:

       "An application under Rule 6(b)(1) normally will be granted in the absence of
       bad faith or prejudice to the adverse party." 4B Charles Alan Wright & Arthur
       R. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 1165, at 522 (3d ed. 2002). Here,
       Scafidi [the plaintiff] did not act in bad faith in failing to issue and serve
       summons. Her excuse for this failure was that she was proceeding pro se.
       Ignorance of the court rules does not constitute bad faith. Further, Cross Creek
       has shown absolutely no prejudice as a result of the delay in being notified
       about the lawsuit. There is no evidence of witnesses who cannot be found or
       documents which have been lost or memories that have faded. Therefore, we
       find that the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in granting additional
       time in which to serve summons and did not err in denying Cross Creek's
       motion to dismiss. However, this finding is specifically limited to those
       situations where the motion for additional time is filed before the deadline.

Id. (emphasis added). Thus, we find that Cross Creek does not benefit Johnson in the case

sub judice because Cross Creek involved the issue of whether a plaintiff was required to

show “good cause” for failure to serve process within the initial, 120-day period prescribed

in Rule 4(h).

¶24.   In today’s case, Thomas does not attack Johnson’s timely-filed motion for extension

of time filed within the initial 120-day period, thus receiving an additional 120 days in which

to obtain service of process upon the defendants. Nor does this Court find fault with

Johnson’s actions in this regard. Pursuant to Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 4(h), when

read in conjunction with Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 6(b)(1), Johnson, in a proper

ex parte proceeding within the initial 120-day period prescribed by Rule 4(h), was entitled

to an order from the trial judge for an enlargement of time in which to serve process “for

                                              13
cause shown.” On the other hand, we find today that once a party has received a first

extension of time under Rule 4(h) in which to serve process, a second or subsequent

extension of time to effectuate service of process may be granted by the trial court only upon

a showing of “good cause.” In other words, once the initial, 120-day period after filing the

complaint has elapsed, good cause is required to avoid dismissal. While we recognize that

Rule 6(b)(1) provides for an enlargement of time “for cause shown,” when reading the two

Rules together, it is apparent that Rule 4(h) requires “good cause” after the expiration of 120

days. Because Rule 4(h) is the specific rule applicable in today’s case and Rule 6(b)(1) is

a general-application rule, the language in Rule 4(h) controls. In Diogenes Editions v. State,

700 So. 2d 316, 320 (Miss. 1997), this Court stated:

       [I]t is well settled that specific statutes govern over general ones. Lenoir v.
       Madison County, 641 So. 2d 1124, 1129-30 (Miss. 1994); Wilbourn v.
       Hobson, 608 So. 2d 1187, 1191 (Miss. 1992). Though we find no cases which
       apply the rules of statutory construction to the M.R.C.P. in terms of the
       application of one rule over another, we hold nonetheless that the same
       principal (sic) applies.

Id. at 320.

¶25.   Likewise, we consider the second ex parte contact which Johnson’s attorney had with

the trial judge to secure the second extension of time to serve process, thus pushing the time

to a total of three hundred sixty days in which service of process could have been effected

in this case. While we do not condemn Johnson’s attorney for having yet another ex parte

contact with the trial judge to request this second extension of time to serve process, we do

find that Johnson’s attorney had an obligation to inform the trial judge of certain facts, such


                                              14
as Thomas being represented by an attorney, the identity of that attorney, Thomas’s previous

filing of a motion to dismiss, and the settlement negotiations between the attorneys.

According to Rule 3.3(d) of the Mississippi Rules of Professional Conduct:

       In an ex parte proceeding, a lawyer shall inform the tribunal of all material
       facts known to the lawyer which will enable the tribunal to make an informed
       decision, whether or not the facts are adverse.

Additionally, the comment to Rule 3.3(d) states:

       Ex Parte Proceedings. Ordinarily, an advocate has the limited responsibility
       of presenting one side of the matters that a tribunal should consider in reaching
       a decision; the conflicting position is expected to be presented by the opposing
       party. However, in an ex parte proceeding, such as an application for a
       temporary restraining order, there is no balance of presentation by opposing
       advocates. The object of an ex parte proceeding is nevertheless to yield a
       substantially just result. The judge has an affirmative responsibility to accord
       the absent party just consideration. The lawyer for the represented party has
       the correlative duty to make disclosures of material facts known to the lawyer
       and that the lawyer reasonably believes are necessary to an informed decision.

¶26.   In today’s case, Judge Loper never was given the opportunity to perform “his

affirmative responsibility to accord the absent party just consideration,” because Johnson’s

attorney did not present to Judge Loper the facts known to her, such as Thomas being

represented by an attorney, the identity of that attorney, Thomas’s previous filing of a motion

to dismiss, and the settlement negotiations between the attorneys. On the other hand, while

we agree with the trial judge’s post-hearing conclusion that the actions of Johnson’s attorney

were not willful and malicious, this does not cure the fact that the trial court was misled or

misinformed, whether it be intentional or unintentional. The trial judge did not have all the

material facts before him when granting the second extension of time; as such, we do not find


                                              15
that he abused his discretion by voiding his order granting the second of extension of time

to serve process. The trial judge gave Johnson’s attorney an opportunity to show “good

cause” as to why a second extension of time should be granted after receiving all the relevant

facts, and Johnson’s attorney was unable to do so. We, like the trial judge, find that any

person in the state of Mississippi “who is not a party and is not less than 18 years of age”

may act as a process server. Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 4(c)(1). Thus, based on the

record before us, we find that the trial judge did not abuse his discretion in finding that the

fact that the investigator for Johnson’s attorney was out of the office for a substantial period

of time, was not “good cause” for the failure to serve the defendants in this case.

¶27.   Most importantly, we note that a trial judge has the authority to control his or her own

docket. “[I]t is critical to the trial court’s power of control over its own docket and its ability

to serve effectively all litigants that it maintain control over progress of cases before it,

including requests for extensions of time.” Soliman v. Johanns, 412 F.3d 920, 922 (8 th Cir.

2005) (citing Biby v. Kansas City Life Ins. Co., 629 F.2d 1289, 1293 (8th Cir. 1980)).

¶28.   Like the Eighth Circuit, this Court has not been silent on the issue of trial judges

possessing the ability to control their dockets. Bowie v. Montfort Jones Mem’l Hosp., 861

So. 2d 1037, 1042 (Miss. 2003). In addressing the trial court’s authority to dismiss a case

for want of prosecution, we stated in a recent case:

       Any court of law or equity may exercise the power to dismiss for want of
       prosecution. This power, inherent to the courts, is necessary as a means to "the
       orderly expedition of justice" and "the court's control of its own docket."
       Walker v. Parnell, 566 So. 2d 1213, 1216 (Miss. 1990) (quoting Watson v.
       Lillard, 493 So. 2d 1277, 1278 (Miss. 1986)). It has been clear since the

                                                16
       adoption of the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure that the granting of
       motions to dismiss is a matter within the discretion of the trial court. Roebuck
       v. City of Aberdeen, 671 So. 2d 49, 50 (Miss. 1996) (citing Carter v. Clegg,
       557 So. 2d 1187, 1190 (Miss. 1990)). This Court will not disturb a trial court's
       ruling on a dismissal for want of prosecution unless it finds an abuse of
       discretion. Watson, 493 So. 2d at 1279.

Cucos, Inc. v. McDaniel, 938 So. 2d 238, 240 (Miss. 2006).

¶29.   This rule of law is likewise applicable to today’s case. For this Court to hold

otherwise would be nonsensical. As correctly opined by Thomas in her petition for writ of

certiorari, “[t]o permit a party who files a complaint to obtain successive extensions to serve

process on a defendant just by showing ‘cause’ as long as the next motion for extension is

filed before the existing extension expires [would] encourage delay in litigation.

Theoretically, the extension process [could] go on ad infinitum.” Thus from today’s record,

we find that the trial judge did not abuse his discretion in setting aside his order dated March

15, 2006, and entered on March 20, 2006, which order granted Johnson’s second request for

an additional 120 days in which to serve process upon the defendants. Although, pursuant

to Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 4(h), a dismissal for failure to show good cause why

service was not obtained within the initial 120-day period is without prejudice, the trial judge

correctly dismissed this case with prejudice since, as of June 19, 2006, the date of entry of

the Order Granting Motion to Set Aside Order Granting Additional Time to Serve Process

and Dismissing Complaint With Prejudice, the three-year limitations period prescribed by

the applicable statute, Mississippi Code Annotated Section 15-1-49, had long since passed.




                                              17
                                     CONCLUSION

¶30.   For the reasons stated, we reverse the judgment of the Court of Appeals and reinstate

and affirm the final judgment of the Circuit Court of Winston County in favor of Brandy N.

Thomas, A Minor, By and Through Her Next Friend, John Polatsidis, against Willie C.

Johnson.

¶31. THE JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF APPEALS IS REVERSED AND THE
JUDGMENT OF THE WINSTON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT IS REINSTATED
AND AFFIRMED.

     SMITH, C.J., WALLER, P.J., EASLEY, DICKINSON, RANDOLPH AND
LAMAR, JJ., CONCUR. DIAZ, P.J., CONCURS IN RESULT ONLY. GRAVES, J.,
DISSENTS WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.




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