J-A12023-19


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

 HIDDEN RIDGE CONDOMINIUM              :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 ASSOCIATION, INC., A                  :        PENNSYLVANIA
 PENNSYLVANIA NON-PROFIT               :
 CORPORATION, AND JILL WANZIE,         :
 TOM BURICH, KATHLEEN RAUSCHER,        :
 KAREN LOFE AND CORY SIGLER, AS        :
 TRUSTEES AD LITEM OF THE              :
 EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE HIDDEN         :
 RIDGE CONDOMINIUM                     :   No. 1272 WDA 2018
 ASSOCIATION, ON THEIR OWN             :
 BEHALF AND ON BEHALF OF ALL           :
 OTHERS SIMILIARY SITUATED.            :
                                       :
                                       :
              v.                       :
                                       :
                                       :
 P. RONALD SABATINO A/K/A              :
 RONALD SABATINO, SCIOTO               :
 CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, A               :
 PENNSYLVANIA CORPORATION, T&R         :
 PROPERTIES, INC., AN OHIO             :
 CORPORATION                           :
                                       :
                                       :
 APPEAL OF: SCIOTTO                    :
 CONSTRUCTION COMPANY

              Appeal from the Order Entered August 1, 2018
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Civil Division at
                         No(s): GD--08-021879

 HIDDEN RIDGE CONDOMINIUM              :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 ASSOCIATION, INC., A                  :        PENNSYLVANIA
 PENNSYLVANIA NON-PROFIT               :
 CORPORATION, AND JILL WANZIE,         :
 TOM BURICH, KATHLEEN RAUSCHER,        :
 KAREN LOFE AND CORY SIGLER, AS        :
 TRUSTEES AD LITEM OF THE              :
 EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE HIDDEN         :
 RIDGE CONDOMINIUM                     :   No. 1307 WDA 2018
 ASSOCIATION, ON THEIR OWN             :
                                       :
J-A12023-19


 BEHALF AND ON BEHALF OF ALL            :
 OTHERS SIMILIARY SITUATED              :
                                        :
                                        :
              v.                        :
                                        :
                                        :
 P. RONALD SABATINO A/K/A               :
 RONALD SABATINO, SCIOTO                :
 CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, A                :
 PENNSYLVANIA CORPORATION, T&R          :
 PROPERTIES, INC., AN OHIO              :
 CORPORATION.                           :
                                        :
                                        :
 APPEAL OF: HIDDEN RIDGE
 CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATION, INC.

              Appeal from the Order Entered August 1, 2018
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Civil Division at
                          No(s): GD 08-21879

 HIDDEN RIDGE CONDOMINIUM               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 ASSOCIATION, INC., A                   :        PENNSYLVANIA
 PENNSYLVANIA NON PROFIT                :
 CORPORATION AND JILL WANZIE,           :
 TOM BURISH, KATHLEEN RAUSCHER,         :
 KAREN LOFE AND CORY SIGLER, AS         :
 TRUSTEES AD LITEM OF THE               :
 EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE HIDDEN          :
 RIDGE CONDOMINIUM                      :   No. 1642 WDA 2018
 ASSOCIATION, ON THEIR OWN              :
 BEHALF AND ON BEHALF OF ALL            :
 OTHERS SIMILARLY SITUATED              :
                                        :
                                        :
              v.                        :
                                        :
                                        :
 P. RONALD SABATINO A/K/A               :
 RONALD SABATINO, SCIOTO                :
 CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, A                :
 PENNSYLVANIA CORPORATION, T&R          :
 PROPERTIES, INC., AN OHIO              :
 CORPORATION                            :

                                  -2-
J-A12023-19


                                        :
                                        :
 APPEAL OF: SCIOTO CONSTRUCTION         :
 COMPANY

             Appeal from the Order Entered October 23, 2018
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Civil Division at
                       No(s): No. GD-08-021879

 HIDDEN RIDGE CONDOMINIUM               :   IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
 ASSOCIATION, INC., A                   :        PENNSYLVANIA
 PENNSYLVANIA NON-PROFIT                :
 CORPORATION, AND JILL WANZIE,          :
 TOM BURICH, KATHLEEN RAUSCHER,         :
 KAREN LOFE AND COREY SIGLER, AS        :
 TRUSTEES AD LITEM OF THE               :
 EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE HIDDEN          :
 RIDGE CONDOMINIUM                      :   No. 1692 WDA 2018
 ASSOCIATION, ON THEIR OWN              :
 BEHALF AND ON BEHALF OF ALL            :
 OTHERS SIMILARLY SITUATED              :
                                        :
                                        :
              v.                        :
                                        :
                                        :
 P. RONALD SABATINO A/K/A               :
 RONALD SABATINO, SCIOTO                :
 CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, A                :
 PENNSYLVANIA CORPORATION, T&R          :
 PROPERTIES, INC., AN OHIO              :
 CORPORATION                            :
                                        :
                                        :
 APPEAL OF: HIDDEN RIDGE                :
 CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATION, INC.

             Appeal from the Order Entered October 23, 2018
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Civil Division at
                        No(s): No. GD08-21879


BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., DUBOW, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.:                          FILED October 1, 2019


                                  -3-
J-A12023-19



       Appellant, Scioto Construction Company (“Scioto”), appeals from the

Order entered August 1, 2018 (“Sanctions Order”), which rendered final a

prior Order entered April 13, 2018 (“Contempt Order”). 1 Scioto also appeals

an Order subsequently entered October 23, 2018 (“Reconsideration Order”).

Appellee, Hidden Ridge Condominium Association, Inc. (“Hidden Ridge”), has

filed cross-appeals from the Contempt Order and the Reconsideration Order.2

For the following reasons, upon consideration of the record and the arguments

of the parties, we reverse the Contempt Order and, accordingly, vacate the

Sanctions Order and Reconsideration Order.

       Scioto developed a condominium project in South Park Township,

Allegheny County. See generally Trial Ct. Op., filed 4/3/13.3 In order to

resolve ongoing litigation, the parties entered into a Settlement Agreement.

Among its terms, Scioto agreed that “the permanent storm water detention

facilities shall be completed and dedicated to South Park Township by

____________________________________________


1 Prior to imposition of sanctions, an order merely finding a defendant in
contempt is interlocutory. See Rhoades v. Pryce, 874 A.2d 148, 151-53
(Pa. Super. 2005) (en banc). Once the court imposes sanctions, however, the
previously interlocutory order is final and appealable. Id.

2This Court sua sponte consolidated these appeals and cross-appeals. See
Order, 12/11/18; Pa.R.A.P. 513.

3 The factual and procedural background to this dispute are extensive but
largely irrelevant to this appeal. For further background, we direct the reader
to a prior panel decision of this Court, as well as several trial court Opinions
and Memoranda. See, e.g., Hidden Ridge Condo., Inc. v. Sabatino, No.
1992 WDA 2012, unpublished memorandum (Pa. Super. filed 12/18/13); Trial
Ct. Op., filed 11/28/18; Trial Ct. Mem., filed 8/1/18; Trial Ct. Mem., filed
4/13/18; Trial Ct. Op., filed 4/3/13.

                                           -4-
J-A12023-19



December 2014,” in accordance with its prior agreements and local law.

Settlement Agreement, 9/21/12, at 5 § II.1.3.

       In January 2015, Hidden Ridge filed a Petition, asserting that Scioto had

failed to meet these obligations. Petition to Enforce Settlement Agreement,

1/20/15. The trial court granted the Petition, directing that Scioto “shall

complete construction of the permanent storm[ ]water detention facilities and

take the appropriate steps to have the facilities dedicated to and accepted by

the Township, without further delay weather permitting.”          Trial Ct. Order,

2/17/15 (“Enforcement Order”). The court further granted that Hidden Ridge

could seek further relief if Scioto failed to satisfy these obligations by June 30,

2015. Id.

       In January 2018, Hidden Ridge filed a Motion for Sanctions, asserting

that Scioto had failed to comply with the trial court’s Enforcement Order.

Motion for Sanctions, 1/22/18. Hidden Ridge sought “such sanctions as the

[c]ourt deems appropriate, including an award of reasonable attorney fees

and other reasonable costs associated with the construction and/or

acceptance of the storm[ ]water facilities.” Id. at ¶ 5.4


____________________________________________


4 Subsequently, Hidden Ridge attached a proposed order to a Brief filed in
support of its Motion for Sanctions, delineating its requested relief as follows:
necessary repairs totaling $218,866.00; annual maintenance in perpetuity
(not quantified); a Robinson Pipe invoice for $2,186.25; expert fees totaling
$1,890.00 (plus additional fees still pending); legal fees and costs totaling
$6,484.40 (plus additional fees and costs not yet quantified). Hidden Ridge
Reply Brief in Support of Motion for Sanctions, Proposed Order of Court,
7/25/18.

                                           -5-
J-A12023-19



      Following a hearing in April, the court held Scioto in contempt of its

Enforcement Order, deferring the issue of sanctions to a later date. See N.T.

Contempt, 4/11/18; Contempt Order, 4/13/18.          The court entered limited

findings of fact and set forth no legal analysis of civil contempt. In support of

its decision, the court merely noted that Scioto had not sought formal approval

of the storm water detention facility until November 2015. Trial Ct. Mem.,

filed 4/13/18, at 2 (unpaginated). Further, the court acknowledged that a

local zoning ordinance precluded the township from accepting dedication of

the facility. Id.

      A sanctions hearing commenced in July 2018. Thereafter, the trial court

determined to sanction Scioto in the amount of $39,283.05, payable to Hidden

Ridge. See Sanctions Order, 8/1/18. According to the court, this amount was

necessary to restore the storm water detention facility to a functioning

condition and, upon payment, would transfer the responsibility of ongoing

maintenance of the facility to Hidden Ridge. Id. The court did not award

Hidden Ridge fees or costs. Id.

      In a memorandum accompanying its Order, the trial court reiterated

that South Park Township does not accept for dedication storm water

detention facilities, and therefore, Scioto’s performance of this obligation was

impossible. Trial Ct. Mem., filed 8/1/18, at 2 (unpaginated). Nevertheless,

the court faulted Scioto for not conducting “greater research at the time it

entered into [the Settlement] Agreement.” Thus, the court reasoned that a

proper sanction would require Scioto to pay for currently necessary repairs,

                                      -6-
J-A12023-19



but then such repairs would absolve Scioto of any ongoing maintenance

responsibilities. Id.; see also N.T. Sanctions, 7/25/18, at 156 (trial court

suggesting that it “[had] to work out some sort of equitable remedy”).

       In August 2018, Hidden Ridge filed a Motion, seeking additional

compensation for fees and costs.               See Motion to Mold Order Awarding

Sanctions, 8/8/18 (“Motion for Reconsideration”). The trial court did not grant

the Motion for Reconsideration but scheduled a hearing for October 11, 2018,

to consider its merits. Trial Ct. Order, 8/20/18.

       Shortly thereafter, Scioto timely appealed from the Sanctions Order,

and Hidden Ridge timely filed a cross-appeal. See Scioto Notice of Appeal,

8/31/18; Hidden Ridge Notice of Cross-Appeal, 9/11/18. Both parties filed

court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) Statements, and the trial court entered a

responsive Opinion. See Trial Ct. Op., filed 11/28/18.

       Despite Scioto’s appeal, the trial court proceeded to consider Hidden

Ridge’s Motion for Reconsideration, ultimately awarding Hidden Ridge

$62,507.65, which included the original award for repairs as well as certain

fees and costs associated with the litigation.         See Reconsideration Order,

10/23/18. Scioto timely appealed from this Order, and Hidden Ridge timely

cross-appealed. See Scioto Notice of Appeal, 11/13/18; Hidden Ridge Notice

of Cross-Appeal, 11/26/18.5
____________________________________________


5 The record certified to this Court includes a second Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)
Statement filed sua sponte on behalf of Hidden Ridge. See Hidden Ridge
Concise Statement, 12/3/18. However, it does not appear the trial court
directed this filing, nor is there any subsequent Rule 1925 activity.

                                           -7-
J-A12023-19



      Scioto asserts the following issues on appeal:

      1. Whether the court erred and/or abused its discretion in holding
         [Scioto] in contempt of its [Enforcement Order] for failing to
         cause South Park Township to accept a dedication of the storm
         water detention facility where [Scioto’s] compliance with the
         [O]rder to achieve such a result was not within its own control
         and, therefore[,] not willful, volitional[, or] contemptuous[;]

      2. Whether the court erred and/or abused its discretion in
         imposing sanctions upon [Scioto] for contempt of the
         [Enforcement Order] for failing to cause South Park Township
         to accept dedication of the storm water detention facility
         where the [c]ourt found that compliance with the Order, as
         [Hidden Ridge] sought in the [Motion for Sanctions], was
         impossible due to legal impediments that predated both the
         [Enforcement Order] and the [S]ettlement [A]greement it
         purported to enforce[; and]

      3. Whether the court erred and/or exceeded its jurisdiction by
         reconsidering its [Sanctions Order] and imposing additional
         sanctions following the filing of a [N]otice of [A]ppeal and after
         the expiration of the prescribed period for taking such appeal.

Scioto’s Br. at 5-6.

      For its part, Hidden Ridge asserts the following issues:

      1. Whether the trial court committed an error of law or abused its
         discretion in failing to award an amount of sanctions [that]
         would have placed Hidden Ridge in the position they would
         have been in if Scioto . . . had not breached the Settlement
         Agreement or was not in contempt of the [Enforcement Order,]
         which the trial court entered to enforce the Settlement
         Agreement[;]

      2. Whether the trial court committed an error of law or abuse of
         discretion in awarding an amount of sanctions [that] was
         against the weight of the evidence and was not consistent with
         the evidence, as the actual damages far exceeded the amount
         of the award of sanctions[; and]

      3. Whether the award of attorney fees and costs was proper[.]



                                      -8-
J-A12023-19



Hidden Ridge’s Br. at iv.

      Principally, Scioto challenges the trial court’s decision holding Scioto in

civil contempt of the court’s Enforcement Order.          “As each court is the

exclusive judge of contempts against its process, we will reverse an order of

contempt only upon a showing of a plain abuse of discretion.”               In re

Contempt of Cullen, 849 A.2d 1207, 1210 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citation

omitted), appeal denied, 868 A.2d 1201 (Pa. 2005); Lachat v. Hinchcliffe,

769 A.2d 481, 487 (Pa. Super. 2001). “[A]n appellate court has the authority

to determine whether the findings of the trial court support its legal

conclusions, but may only interfere with those conclusions if they are

unreasonable in light of the trial court's factual findings.”           Sutch v.

Roxborough Mem’l Hosp., 142 A.3d 38, 67 (Pa. Super. 2016) (citation

omitted), appeal denied, 163 A.3d 399 (Pa. 2016).

      In its first issue, Scioto contends the trial court abused its discretion in

in holding Scioto in civil contempt of the Enforcement Order. See Scioto’s Br.

at 16-20. According to Scioto, the court “repeatedly observed” that South

Park Township would not accept dedication of the storm water detention

facility. Id. at 18. In light of this finding, Scioto suggests, Hidden Ridge failed

to establish that Scioto acted willfully or with wrongful intent. Id. at 17. Thus,

Scioto concludes, the trial court lacked authority to hold Scioto in contempt.

Id. at 20. We agree.

      The purpose of civil contempt proceedings is remedial.         Cullen, 849

A.2d at 1210. Reflecting this remedial purpose, before a court may impose

                                       -9-
J-A12023-19



civil contempt, “the trial court must be convinced . . . from the totality of

evidence presented that the contemnor has the present ability to comply with

the [o]rder.” In re Estate of DiSabato, 165 A.3d 987, 992-93 (Pa. Super.

2017).     “Judicial sanctions are employed to coerce the defendant into

compliance with the court's order, and in some instances, to compensate the

complainant for losses sustained.”             Lachat, 769 A.2d at 488 (citation

omitted).6

       To establish civil contempt, a complainant must prove three elements:

“(1) that the contemnor had notice of the specific order or decree which he is

alleged to have disobeyed; (2) that the act constituting the contemnor's

violation was volitional; and (3) that the contemnor acted with wrongful

intent.”   Stahl v. Redcay, 897 A.2d 478, 489 (Pa. Super. 2006) (citation

omitted), appeal denied, 918 A.2d 747 (Pa. 2007).

       Significantly, mere noncompliance—or even misconduct—is insufficient

to establish civil contempt. See, e.g., Sutch, 142 A.3d at 75-76 (reversing

contempt finding where plaintiff failed to introduce evidence that defense

attorney, intentionally and with wrongful intent, solicited evidence from expert

witness in violation of motion in limine).          Ancillary disputes between the

____________________________________________


6 Of course, to the extent Hidden Ridge may conclude that Scioto has not met
its obligations under the Settlement Agreement, it may file a separate, revised
and/or amended Petition to Enforce, as set forth in the Settlement Agreement.
We observe, however, that in such event, “each party shall bear its attorneys’
fees incurred therein, in addition to such other costs and expenses.”
Settlement Agreement at 13 ¶ 8.


                                          - 10 -
J-A12023-19



parties are not relevant in a contempt hearing. “The focus of a contempt

hearing is very narrow and is confined to a consideration of whether the

specific order before the court has been violated.” Lachat, 769 A.2d at 491

(citation omitted). Thus, it is inappropriate for the trial court to permit parties

to treat the hearing as an open forum to air their disputes. Id.

      With this background in mind, we consider Scioto’s performance vis-à-

vis the Enforcement Order. In February 2015, the trial court imposed two

requirements on Scioto: (1) “complete construction of the permanent storm[

]water facilities” and (2) “take the appropriate steps to have the facilities

dedicated to and accepted by the Township.”         Enforcement Order.      These

requirements included a timeliness element. See id. (directing compliance

“without further delay weather permitting . . . by June 30, 2015”).

      Following the contempt hearing in April 2018, the trial court did not

enter findings directly relevant to the first requirement of the Enforcement

Order, merely noting that Scioto had not sought township approval of its work

until months after the June 2015 deadline. See Trial Ct. Mem., filed 4/13/18,

at 2; N.T. Contempt at 72-74 (testimony and supporting documentation from

South Park Township Code Enforcement Officer Gary Wargo that work on the

detention facility had passed final inspection in December 2015, and that the

township had released the construction bond posted, signifying Scioto’s

completion of the project, in January 2016); but see also N.T. Contempt at

89 (testimony from Scioto supervisor David Dillon that work was complete in




                                      - 11 -
J-A12023-19



summer of 2015).7 The court’s lack of detailed findings hinder our review.

Nevertheless, we conclude that there was adequate support in the record to

enable the court to infer that Scioto failed to complete its work in timely

fashion.

       Regarding the second requirement, it is undisputed that local law

provides in relevant part: “It is the expressed intention of the TOWNSHIP to

not accept the dedication of storm[ ]water detention and/or management

systems.” South Park Township, Pa. Ordinance No. 596, Code § 118.29.3

(capitalization in original). Thus, the court found that “South Park Township

does not accept dedication of or accept a dedicated storm water facility.” Trial

Ct. Mem., 4/13/18, at 2; see also Trial Ct. Op., filed 11/28/18, at 8 (“This

writer concedes that the requirement on Scioto encompassed and mandated

by the February [20]15 [Enforcement Order] is legally and practically

impossible.”).

       Mindful of our standard of review, the record supports the court’s

conclusion that Scioto did not comply with the Enforcement Order—i.e., Scioto

did not complete construction of the storm water detention facility by June

2015, and Scioto did not dedicate the facility to the township. However, mere

noncompliance is insufficient to establish civil contempt. Sutch, 142 A.3d at
____________________________________________


7 Hidden Ridge did not challenge Scioto’s evidence regarding the first
requirement directly. Rather, Hidden Ridge established that repairs were
required in November 2017, long after the township had certified Scioto’s work
as complete. See N.T. Contempt at 7 (testimony from plumbing contractor
Christopher Sperl), 26-30 (testimony from expert witness, engineer Lawrence
Lennon, discussing a report compiled in April 2018).

                                          - 12 -
J-A12023-19



75-76. In this case, the trial court declined to credit any evidence that Scioto

acted willfully or with wrongful intent with respect to either requirement

imposed on Scioto by the Enforcement Order.              Stahl, 897 A.2d at 489.

Moreover, while the absence of any evidence of wrongful intent underlying

Scioto’s untimely completion of its work undermines a contempt finding, the

court’s express finding that compliance with the dedication requirement was

impossible absolutely precludes any consequential finding by the trial court

that Scioto acted with wrongful intent.8 Id.

       For   this reason,      the   trial court’s   legal conclusion   was clearly

unreasonable, constituting a plain abuse of its discretion.        Accordingly, we

reverse its Contempt Order. See Sutch, 142 A.3d at 67; Cullen, 849 A.2d

at 1210; Lachat, 769 A.2d at 487. Moreover, our holding is dispositive with

respect to the remaining issues. As the court lacked authority to find Scioto




____________________________________________


8 Hidden Ridge echoes the trial court’s analysis suggesting that “impossibility”
is not a valid defense in this case, as Scioto was aware of the local ordinance—
or should have been—before it agreed to terms in the Settlement Agreement.
Compare Hidden Ridge Br. at 36-38 (noting that contract obligations are
discharged only where a supervening impracticability occurs), with Trial Ct.
Op., filed 11/28/18, at 8-9 (observing that “no occurrence, non-occurrence,
nor supervening event” discharged Scioto’s obligations under the Settlement
Agreement). This analysis, however, conflates a broader consideration of
whether Scioto violated the terms of the Settlement Agreement—and whether
it should be held accountable for such breach—with our narrow concern
whether Scioto contemptuously violated the Enforcement Order. See Lachat,
769 A.2d at 491. Simply put, whether Scioto may assert an affirmative
defense to the Settlement Agreement is ancillary, and thus irrelevant, to our
analysis in this appeal. See id.

                                          - 13 -
J-A12023-19



in civil contempt, we vacate the court’s subsequent Orders imposing

sanctions.

     Contempt Order reversed; Sanctions Order vacated; Reconsideration

Order vacated.



Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 10/1/2019




                                - 14 -
