
 
 









MEMORANDUM OPINION

No. 04-09-00057-CV

IN THE INTEREST OF A.B., a Child

From the 45th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas
Trial Court No. 03-EM5-03280
Honorable Andy Mireles, Judge Presiding

Opinion by: 	Catherine Stone, Chief Justice

Sitting: 	Catherine Stone, Chief Justice
		Phylis J. Speedlin, Justice
		Steven C. Hilbig, Justice

Delivered and Filed:  October 7, 2009 

AFFIRMED
	William Black appeals the trial court's order denying his motion to modify in which Black
sought to be appointed as the person who had the right to designate the primary residence of A.B. 
Black contends the trial court erred in concluding no substantial or material change in circumstances
had occurred.  Black also contends the trial court erred in denying his request for additional or
amended findings of fact and conclusions of law.  We affirm the trial court's order.
Material and Substantial Change
	In his first issue, Black asserts that the trial court erred in finding that no material and
substantial change in circumstances warranted a modification of the person with the right to establish
the primary residence of A.B.  At the time Black filed his motion to modify, A.B.'s mother, Nydia
Montelongo, was the person with the right to establish A.B.'s primary residence.
	In determining issues of possession and access, the primary consideration is always the best
interest of the child.  In re J.S.P., 278 S.W.3d 414, 418 (Tex. App.--San Antonio 2008, no pet.). 
Trial courts have broad discretion to determine what is in a child's best interest.  Id.  On appeal, we
will not disturb a trial court's ruling on a motion to modify conservatorship unless a clear abuse of
discretion is established by the complaining party.  Id.  
	Because conservatorship determinations are intensely fact driven, the trial court is in the best
position to observe the witnesses and "feel" the forces, powers, and influences that cannot be
discerned by merely reading the record.  Id. at 418-19.  We defer to the trial court's resolution of
underlying facts and to credibility determinations that may have affected its determination, and we
will not substitute our judgment for the trial court's.  In re A.L.E., 279 S.W.3d 424, 427 (Tex.
App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 2009, no pet.).  Legal and factual insufficiency challenges are not
independent grounds for asserting error in custody determinations, but are relevant factors in
assessing whether the trial court abused its discretion.  Id. at 427-28; In re M.M.S., 256 S.W.3d 470,
476 (Tex. App.--Dallas 2008, no pet.).  An abuse of discretion does not occur if some evidence of
a substantive and probative character exists to support the trial court's decision.  In re A.L.E., 279
S.W.3d at 428; In re M.M.S., 256 S.W.3d at 476.
	A trial court may modify a conservatorship order if: (1) modification would be in the best
interest of the child; and (2) the circumstances of the child, a conservator, or other person affected
by the order have materially and substantially changed since the date of the rendition of the prior
order.  Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 156.101 (Vernon 2008).  In deciding whether a material and
substantial change of circumstances has occurred, a trial court is not confined to rigid or definite
guidelines.  In re A.L.E., 279 S.W.3d at 428; In re T.W.E., 217 S.W.3d 557, 559 (Tex. App.--San
Antonio 2006, no pet.).  Instead, the trial court's determination is fact-specific and must be made
according to the circumstances as they arise.  In re A.L.E., 279 S.W.3d at 428; In re T.W.E., 217
S.W.3d at 559. 
	In this case, Black challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support the trial court's
finding that no material and substantial change in circumstances had occurred.  Black refers to
evidence regarding the number of times A.B. had changed schools, the arrest record and character
of Montelongo's husband, and alleged abuse.
	In making its findings in this case, the trial court was required to assess the credibility of the
witnesses in resolving conflicting testimony.  Although Black testified that A.B. had attended six
schools in two years in an effort to show a material and substantial change in circumstances, the trial
court's findings were based on the testimony presented by Montelongo.  The trial court found that
A.B. attended one school his entire kindergarten year.  The trial court found that although A.B.
attended three schools during his first grade year, the first change was due to Montelongo changing
residences from an apartment to a rental home.  The second change was due to a dispute that
Montelongo had with her then fiancee, who was her husband at the time of the hearing.  Although
Montelongo and her fiancee reconciled before the end of the school year, Montelongo allowed A.B.
to complete his first grade school year without changing schools again.  A.B. began his second grade
year at one of the schools he attended in first grade until Montelongo purchased a home.  A.B. was
briefly enrolled in the school which was three blocks from their new home until the trial court
entered temporary orders requiring a change in schools.  Montelongo also explained that A.B. had
been tardy to school on a number of occasions but the transportation issues that gave rise to that
problem had been resolved.  The trial court could have concluded from this testimony that changing
schools, especially in an effort to progress from an apartment to a rental home to their own home,
was not a material and substantial change in circumstances.
	Conflicting evidence also was presented with regard to the arrest record of Montelongo's
husband and whether he was physically or verbally abusive.  The trial court excluded an arrest record
Black sought to introduce into evidence because it was not a certified copy.  In addition, the trial
court resolved the conflicting testimony by finding no credible evidence to support the allegation that
Montelongo's husband was prosecuted for a felony offense or had been physically abusive. 
Similarly, the trial court resolved conflicting testimony regarding Montelongo's personal arrest
record.  The evidence established that Montelongo had completed probation for a theft offense that
occurred four years before the hearing, and Montelongo was in the process of resolving traffic
tickets.
	Although the evidence showed changes in the circumstances, the trial court did not abuse its
discretion in finding that the changes were not material and substantial.  Accordingly, Black's first
issue is overruled.
Additional Finding
	In his second issue, Black complains that the trial court erred in failing to file Additional
Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law.  A trial court is required to make findings or additional
findings only on ultimate, controlling issues, not mere evidentiary issues.  In re A.A.E., No. 13-03-528-CV, 2005 WL 1364084, at *5 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi June 9, 2005, no pet.) (mem. op.);
In re Marriage of Jameson, No. 07-02-0476-CV, 2004 WL 237829, at *1-2 (Tex. App.--Amarillo
Feb. 9, 2004, pet. denied) (mem. op.).  All of the additional findings requested by Black related to
evidentiary issues except the request that the trial court make a finding or conclusion regarding
A.B.'s best interest.  See In re A.A.E., 2005 WL 1364084, at *5 (noting best interest of child is
ultimate or controlling issue); In re Marriage of Jameson, 2004 WL 237829, at *2 (same).  
	The trial court was not required to make additional findings regarding evidentiary issues.  In
re A.A.E., 2005 WL 1364084, at *5; In re Marriage of Jameson, 2004 WL 237829, at *1-2. 
Although the trial court likely should have granted the additional finding with regard to A.B.'s best
interest, if the refusal to file additional findings does not prevent a party from adequately presenting
an argument on appeal, there is no reversible error.  Main Place Custom Homes, Inc. v. Honaker, 192
S.W.3d 604, 612-13 (Tex. App.--Fort Worth 2006, pet. denied); City of San Antonio v. El Dorado
Amusement Co., 195 S.W.3d 238, 244 (Tex. App.--San Antonio 2006, pet. denied).  In this case,
in order to establish that the trial court abused its discretion in denying the motion to modify, Black
was required to show that the trial court abused its discretion in finding no material and substantial
change in circumstances.  The absence of a finding regarding A.B.'s best interest did not prevent
Black from presenting his argument relating to the trial court's finding of no material and substantial
change in circumstances.  Because we hold the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding no
material and substantial change in circumstances, the trial court's refusal to issue a finding regarding
A.B.'s best interest is not reversible error.
Conclusion
	The trial court's order is affirmed.
							Catherine Stone, Chief Justice
