MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                               Jan 29 2016, 8:24 am

regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.


ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                    ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES
Megan Shipley                                             Gregory F. Zoeller
Marion County Public Defender Agency                      Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
                                                          Robert J. Henke
                                                          Deputy Attorney General

                                                          David E. Corey
                                                          Deputy Attorney General
                                                          Indianapolis, Indiana


                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In the Matter of the Involuntary                          January 29, 2016
Termination of Parent-Child                               Court of Appeals Case No.
Relationship of L.D.,                                     49A02-1506-JT-491
                                                          Appeal from the Marion Superior
                                                          Court
D.B. (Father),
                                                          The Honorable Larry Bradley
Appellant-Respondent,
                                                          Trial Court Cause No.
        v.                                                49D09-1410-JT-440


Marion County Department of
Child Services,
and


Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1506-JT-491 | January 29, 2016     Page 1 of 11
      Child Advocates, Inc.,
      Appellees-Petitioners




      Vaidik, Chief Judge.



                                           Case Summary
[1]   D.B. (Father) appeals the termination of the parent-child relationship with his

      daughter, L.D., claiming that the Marion County Department of Child Services

      (DCS) failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence both that the

      continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to L.D.’s well-being

      and that termination is in L.D.’s best interests. Concluding that DCS has

      proven these statutory requirements by clear and convincing evidence and that

      the trial court’s judgment terminating Father’s parental rights to L.D. is not

      clearly erroneous, we affirm.



                            Facts and Procedural History
[2]   L.D. was born on October 29, 2004. In December 2012, DCS filed a petition

      alleging that L.D. and her three siblings were children in need of services

      because Mother had failed to provide them with a safe living environment free

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1506-JT-491 | January 29, 2016   Page 2 of 11
      from domestic violence.1 In addition, Mother lacked stable housing and had

      severe mental health issues that led her to attempt suicide in front of her

      children several times. At the time the petition was filed, Father’s location and

      ability to parent were unknown, and L.D. was placed in foster care. At the

      January 2013 pre-trial hearing, DCS reported that it was “still searching for

      [Father].” Exhibit Volume, p. 17.

[3]   L.D. was returned to Mother from August 2013 until October 2013, when she

      was removed again and placed back in foster care. By that time, DCS family

      case manager Kriste Smith had located Father, who was living in Ohio. Smith

      contacted Father to inform him about the case and asked him if he wanted her

      to initiate an interstate compact on placement to facilitate the placement of his

      daughter in Ohio. Father asked Smith to wait until he “cleared up . . . a

      warrant for child support.” Tr. p. 132. Smith also referred Father to a

      fatherhood-engagement program. A facilitator from the program planned to

      travel from Indiana to Ohio to work with Father “on some parenting and also

      to work with him . . . to get the child support cleared up and make those

      recommendations for . . . reunification.” Id. at 134.                        Father participated in an

      October 2013 hearing by telephone. The trial court appointed counsel for

      Father and ordered him to appear for a November 2013 pre-trial hearing.

      Although Father failed to appear at the November hearing, the trial court




      1
          All four children have different fathers. This appeal concerns only L.B. and her father, D.B.


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1506-JT-491 | January 29, 2016              Page 3 of 11
      authorized him to have “supervised parenting time [with L.D.] upon positive

      recommendations from service providers.” Ex. Vol., p. 104.

[4]   Following a December 2013 hearing at which Father failed to appear, the trial

      court adjudicated L.D. to be a child in need of services. The trial court ordered

      Father to successfully complete a father-engagement program and cooperate

      with the interstate-compact process. Lastly, the trial court awarded Father

      increased parenting time with L.D. pending positive recommendations from

      service providers. Father failed to attend a February 2014 review hearing, and

      in April 2014, L.D. was returned to Mother. At a May 2014 hearing, which

      Father failed to attend, DCS recommended that the case stay open for another

      90 days at most.

[5]   In June 2014, however, L.D. was taken from Mother’s home in an emergency

      removal following a domestic-violence incident and placed in foster care.

      Following a September 3, 2014, permanency hearing, the trial court found that

      “no parent ha[d] demonstrated the ability and willingness to properly parent

      [L.D.],” and Father had not seen L.D. in two years. Appellant’s App. p. 154.

      Following this order, Father had one two-hour supervised visit with L.D.

[6]   In October 2014, DCS filed its petition to terminate the parental relationship

      between L.D. and her parents.2 The trial court appointed counsel for Father,

      who failed to attend any of the pre-trial hearings. Father attended the first day



      2
          Mother voluntarily terminated her parental rights.


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1506-JT-491 | January 29, 2016   Page 4 of 11
      of the termination hearing, but refused to testify because he believed that the

      trial court did not have jurisdiction over either him or L.D. He did not attend

      the second day of the hearing, and did not answer his telephone when the trial

      court attempted to contact him for telephonic participation.

[7]   Testimony at the hearing revealed that L.D. suffers from attention-deficit

      hyperactivity and post-traumatic stress disorders. She also lies and steals and is

      verbally aggressive and attention-seeking. Her behaviors have improved while

      she has been in foster care and she is thriving because of the consistency and

      stability of her foster family. DCS family case manager Kendra Akinjo

      explained that Father never demonstrated that he was able to handle L.D.’s

      therapeutic needs because he never completed a fatherhood-engagement

      program. Although he told case manager Smith that he had completed an

      engagement-type program in Ohio, that program was initiated before DCS’

      involvement and did not provide DCS with any recommendations. Further,

      case manager Akinjo explained that she did not know whether Father was a

      bad parent or had an unsafe place to live because Father failed “to make himself

      available for this case and available to his daughter.” Tr. p. 228. The foster

      family’s case manager and court-appointed special advocate both recommended

      the termination of the parent-child relationship between Father and L.D. The

      plan for L.D. is adoption by her foster parents, who also plan to adopt two of

      L.D.’s siblings.

[8]   Following the hearing, the trial court issued an order terminating Father’s

      parental rights. Specifically, the trial court concluded as follows:

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1506-JT-491 | January 29, 2016   Page 5 of 11
               There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that resulted
               in [L.D.’s] removal and continued placement outside the home
               will not be remedied by her father. [Father] has demonstrated he
               is either unable or unwilling to parent [L.D.] by his failure to
               complete the Father Engagement Program, cooperate with an
               ICPC or visit [L.D.] more than once since he came into the
               CHINS case in October of 2013. His unwillingness to complete
               the IDCSMC referrals may also be complicated by his insistence
               that there exists a lack of jurisdiction over his daughter and him.
               Due to his non-participation in referrals, his ability to parent
               remains unknown.


       Appellant’s App. p. 16. Father appeals the termination.



                                  Discussion and Decision
[9]    The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the

       traditional right of parents to establish a home and raise their children. In re

       K.T.K., 989 N.E.2d 1225, 1230 (Ind. 2013). However, the law provides for

       termination of that right when the parents are unwilling or unable to meet their

       parental responsibilities. In re Bester, 839 N.E.2d 143, 147 (Ind. 2005). The

       purpose of terminating parental rights is not to punish the parents, but to

       protect their children. In re L.S., 717 N.E.2d 204, 208 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999),

       trans. denied.


[10]   When reviewing the termination of parental rights, we will not reweigh the

       evidence or judge the credibility of the witnesses. K.T.K., 989 N.E.2d at 1229.

       Rather, we consider only the evidence and reasonable inferences that support

       the judgment. Id. Where a trial court has entered findings of fact and

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1506-JT-491 | January 29, 2016   Page 6 of 11
       conclusions thereon, we will not set aside the trial court’s findings or judgment

       unless clearly erroneous. Id. (citing Ind. Trial Rule 52(A)). In determining

       whether the court’s decision to terminate the parent-child relationship is clearly

       erroneous, we review the trial court’s judgment to determine whether the

       evidence clearly and convincingly supports the findings and the findings clearly

       and convincingly support the judgment. Id. at 1229-30.


[11]   A petition to terminate parental rights must allege:

               (A) that one (1) of the following is true:


                        (i)     The child has been removed from the parent for at
                                least six (6) months under a dispositional decree.


                        (ii)    A court has entered a finding under IC 31-34-21-
                                5.6 that reasonable efforts for family preservation or
                                reunification are not required, including a description
                                of the court’s finding, the date of the finding, and the
                                manner in which the finding was made.


                        (iii)   The child has been removed from the parent and has
                                been under the supervision of a local office or
                                probation department for at least fifteen (15) months
                                of the most recent twenty-two (22) months, beginning
                                with the date the child is removed from the home as a
                                result of the child being alleged to be a child in need of
                                services or a delinquent child;


               (B) that one (1) of the following is true:


                        (i)     There is a reasonable probability that the conditions
                                that resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for


       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1506-JT-491 | January 29, 2016   Page 7 of 11
                                placement outside the home of the parents will not be
                                remedied.

                        (ii)    There is a reasonable probability that the continuation
                                of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the
                                well-being of the child.

                        (iii)   The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been
                                adjudicated a child in need of services;


               (C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and


               (D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the
                   child.

       Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2). DCS must prove the alleged circumstances by

       clear and convincing evidence. K.T.K., 989 N.E.2d at 1231.


[12]   Here, Father argues that there is insufficient evidence to support the

       termination of his parental rights. Specifically, he contends that there is

       insufficient evidence that there is a reasonable probability that the conditions

       that resulted in L.D.’s removal or the reasons for placement outside the parent’s

       home will not be remedied and that a continuation of the parent-child

       relationship poses a threat to L.D.’s well-being. He also contends that there is

       insufficient evidence that termination of the parent-child relationship is in

       L.D.’s best interests.


                                      A. Conditions Remedied
[13]   At the outset we note that Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B) is written in

       the disjunctive. Therefore, DCS is required to establish by clear and convincing

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1506-JT-491 | January 29, 2016   Page 8 of 11
       evidence only one of the three requirements of subsection (B). We therefore

       discuss only whether there is a reasonable probability that the conditions that

       resulted in L.D.’s removal or the reasons for her placement outside the home

       will not be remedied.

[14]   In determining whether the conditions that resulted in a child’s removal or

       placement outside the home will not be remedied, we engage in a two-step

       analysis. In re E.M., 4 N.E.3d 636, 643 (Ind. 2014). We first identify the

       conditions that led to removal or placement outside the home and then

       determine whether there is a reasonable probability that those conditions will

       not be remedied. Id. The second step requires trial courts to judge a parent’s

       fitness at the time of the termination proceeding, taking into consideration

       evidence of changed conditions, and balancing any recent improvements

       against habitual patterns of conduct to determine whether there is a substantial

       probability of future neglect or deprivation. Id. In so doing, trial courts have

       discretion to weigh a parent’s prior history more heavily than efforts made only

       shortly before termination, and courts may find that a parent’s past behavior is

       the best predictor of his or her future behavior. Id. In addition, where a parent

       is not living with another parent at the time of the child’s removal, the Court

       should determine what led DCS to place the child in foster care rather than

       with the other parent. In re B.D.J., 728 N.E.2d 195, 200-201 (Ind. Ct. App.

       2000). Last, a parent’s testimony about future plans is not evidence upon which

       a trial court can base its termination decision. Id. at 202, n.1.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1506-JT-491 | January 29, 2016   Page 9 of 11
[15]   Here, our review of the evidence reveals that when L.D. was alleged to be a

       child in need of services in December 2012, Father’s location was unknown.

       He was not located until almost a year later in October 2013 when L.D. was

       removed from her mother a second time. A DCS case worker offered to initiate

       an interstate compact on placement; however, Father told her to wait until he

       cleared up a child support warrant but never did so.3 The case worker also

       referred Father to a fatherhood-engagement program, the completion of which

       would have helped Father reunite with L.D. Father did not complete the

       program. His only visit with L.D. in two years was two hours in September

       2014. Father did not make himself available to the case manager or to his

       daughter. The trial court’s conclusion that DCS has proven by clear and

       convincing evidence that there was a reasonable probability that the conditions

       resulting in L.D.’s removal or the reasons for placement outside the home

       would not be remedied is not clearly erroneous.


                                            B. Best Interests
[16]   Father also contends that there is insufficient evidence that termination of his

       parental rights was in L.D.’s best interests. In determining what is in a child’s

       best interests, the trial court must look to the totality of the evidence. In re

       A.D.S., 987 N.E.2d 1150, 1158 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013), trans. denied. In so doing,




       3
         In Matter of D.B., 49A02-1501-JV-48, (Ind. Ct. App. Sept. 2, 2015), trans. denied, this Court concluded that
       the interstate compact does not apply to out-of-state placement with a parent. We are not relying on Father’s
       failure to complete the compact as a basis to support the termination. Rather, Father’s failure to move
       forward in this area is indicative of his complacency and refusal to put forth any effort to reunite with L.D.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1506-JT-491 | January 29, 2016          Page 10 of 11
       the trial court must subordinate the interests of the parent to those of the

       child. Id. The court need not wait until a child is irreversibly harmed before

       terminating the parent-child relationship. Id. Additionally, a child’s need for

       permanency is an important consideration in determining the best interests of a

       child, and the testimony of service providers may support a finding that

       termination is in the child’s best interests. In re A.S., 924 N.E.2d 212, 224 (Ind.

       Ct. App. 2010), trans. dismissed.


[17]   Here, both the case manager and the CASA recommended the termination of

       Father’s parental rights. In addition, the evidence presented showed that Father

       was unwilling to make himself available to the case manager and to his

       daughter, who is thriving with her foster family because of the consistency and

       stability that they provide. Father has only visited L.D. one time for two hours

       in the past two years. A parent’s historical inability to provide a suitable

       environment along with the parent’s current inability to do the same supports a

       finding that termination of parental rights is in the best interests of the child. In

       re A.P., 981 N.E.2d 75, 82 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012). Here, DCS has proven by clear

       and convincing evidence that terminating Father’s parental relationship with

       L.D. is in the child’s best interests.

[18]   Affirmed.

       Bailey, J., and Crone, J., concur.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1506-JT-491 | January 29, 2016   Page 11 of 11
