        IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

                               NO. 2017-KA-00885-COA

JIMMY JOE TUTOR A/K/A JIMMY TUTOR                                        APPELLANT
A/K/A JIMMY J. TUTOR

v.

STATE OF MISSISSIPPI                                                       APPELLEE

DATE OF JUDGMENT:                        04/19/2017
TRIAL JUDGE:                             HON. JOHN ANDREW GREGORY
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED:               CALHOUN COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT:                 OFFICE OF STATE PUBLIC DEFENDER
                                         BY: BENJAMIN SUBER
                                             GEORGE T. HOLMES
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:                   OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
                                         BY: KATY TAYLOR GERBER
DISTRICT ATTORNEY:                       BENJAMIN F. CREEKMORE
NATURE OF THE CASE:                      CRIMINAL - FELONY
DISPOSITION:                             AFFIRMED: 11/06/2018
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

      BEFORE LEE, C.J., BARNES AND WESTBROOKS, JJ.

      BARNES, J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1.   Jimmy Joe Tutor was convicted of burglary of a dwelling and sentenced to twenty-five

years in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections as a habitual offender

under Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-19-81 (Rev. 2015). Appealing his conviction,

Tutor argues that his sentence as a habitual offender was illegal because the underlying

offenses to prove his habitual-offender status arose from the same incident and that the

verdict was against the overwhelming weight of the evidence. We find no error in the trial

court’s ruling that his underlying felonies were separate and distinct crimes, supporting
Tutor’s habitual-offender status. With regard to the weight-of-the-evidence argument, this

issue is procedurally barred because Tutor failed to file a motion for a new trial.

Alternatively, this argument is without merit. Therefore, finding no error, we affirm the

judgment.

                       FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2.    On November 25, 2013, Preston McGreger returned to his home in Calhoun County,

Mississippi, to find that it had been burglarized. The front door frame was busted, and three

televisions (two Sanyos and one Vizio) and a briefcase containing personal documents were

missing. Preston’s wife, Candi, reported the burglary to the sheriff’s department. Later that

evening, while searching Craigslist, Preston saw a listing for a package deal with three

televisions matching the description of the ones stolen from his home. The phone number

associated with the listing was from Water Valley, Mississippi. Candi had a friend call to

inquire about the televisions and to set up a meeting to buy them at the Dollar General store

in Vardaman. Candi also contacted Sheriff’s Deputy Juston Robertson to apprise him of the

situation.

¶3.    When the sellers—Tutor and Jessica Leister, Tutor’s girlfriend— arrived at the Dollar

General, Deputy Robertson and another officer approached Leister’s vehicle, a tan Ford

Explorer, and informed the couple that they were investigating a burglary. It was determined

that the television in the vehicle was not one of the televisions stolen from the McGregers,

but because the television listed for sale on Craigslist was a completely different model,


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Deputy Robertson became suspicious and took Tutor and Leister in for questioning. He

obtained a search warrant for Leister’s home in Water Valley, where law enforcement

recovered three televisions and a briefcase. The McGregers identified the recovered items

as the ones stolen from their home.

¶4.    Tutor and Leister were indicted for burglary of a dwelling on April 2, 2014. Pursuant

to a plea agreement with the State, Leister entered a guilty plea in exchange for her testimony

at Tutor’s trial, which was held on April 18-19, 2017. The McGregers both testified as to

the events that transpired as described above. Tanner Bailey, a neighbor of the McGregers,

also testified that on the day of the burglary, he saw a tan Ford Explorer about 50 yards from

the McGregers’ home and a woman standing in front of the vehicle.

¶5.    Leister testified that in November 2013, Tutor had been living with her in Water

Valley for approximately six months. They were visiting his family in Calhoun County that

day and went for a drive. Tutor told her to stop at a house, saying he knew the people would

not be home. She said he brought three televisions out of the home and put them into her car.

Regarding the briefcase, she said Tutor claimed his fingerprints were on it. Later, when

Candi’s friend called about the televisions and began asking a lot of questions, Leister

became nervous; so she suggested to Tutor that they take her television instead of the stolen

ones to meet the buyer.

¶6.    Defense counsel moved for a directed verdict, which the trial court denied, and the

defense rested. After the jury returned a guilty verdict, defense counsel made an ore tenus


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motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV). The court denied the motion,

and requested that counsel file a written motion for the purposes of the timing of the appeal.

However, no posttrial motions were filed. On June 22, 2017, the trial court entered an order

nunc pro tunc to April 20, 2017, granting Tutor a sixty-day “extension of any deadlines and

enlargement of time to file any posttrial motions or notices.” Tutor filed a notice of appeal

on June 27, 2017. His arguments on appeal are that his sentence as a habitual offender was

illegal and the verdict was against the overwhelming weight of the evidence.

                                        DISCUSSION

       I.       Whether the sentence as a habitual offender was illegal.

¶7.    On August 26, 2016, the State moved to amend the indictment to charge Tutor as a

habitual offender under section 99-19-81, noting he had two prior felonies: burglary of a

dwelling and uttering a forgery.1 On December 23, 2007, Tutor had stolen checks from the

home of Bill and Shirley Edmonson. The following day, he presented one of the fraudulent

checks for payment. At the pretrial hearing on the motion to amend, defense counsel argued

the charges “were not separate incidences, but a part of the ongoing crime,” noting that the

victims were the same and the incidents occurred within a twenty-four hour period. The

State responded that the crimes were “separate and distinct.” Finding that the crimes

occurred on different days and were, therefore, “two separate and distinct crimes,” the trial

court granted the motion to amend the indictment.


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           Tutor entered a guilty plea to both charges.

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¶8.    On appeal, Tutor reasserts his claim that the two felonies arose out of the same

incident; so they cannot both be used to support his habitual-offender status under section 99-

19-81. “To qualify as a predicate felony for purposes of section 99-19-81, both prior

convictions must arise out of separate incidents, meaning they must be separate from each

other and from the felony for which the defendant is being sentenced.” Burkhalter v. State,

179 So. 3d 67, 71 (¶17) (Miss. Ct. App. 2015) (quoting Drummer v. State, 167 So. 3d 1180,

1183 (¶7) (Miss. 2015)). The Mississippi Supreme Court has held:

       [T]he events should be sufficiently separate that the offender’s criminal
       passions may have cooled so that he has time to reflect, and if after such an
       interval the individual forms and actualizes a new criminal design, and then
       does so a third time, he should be met with all of the power of the public force.

Pittman v. State, 570 So. 2d 1205, 1206 (Miss. 1990). Tutor robbed the Edmonsons on the

23rd and presented the fraudulent check to a local convenience store the following day, the

24th. We find that sufficient time had passed between the burglary and the uttered forgery

that Tutor had time to reflect and to form “a new criminal design.”

¶9.    Furthermore, no evidence was presented that Tutor committed the burglary to obtain

the checks. Cf. Bergeron v. State, 60 So. 3d 212, 216 (¶11) (Miss. Ct. App. 2011) (finding

a defendant’s prior convictions did not support habitual-offender status because he had only

one intent when he broke into a car dealer’s office, stole a key, and used the key to steal a

vehicle). As the trial judge stated, after the burglary had been committed, “Tutor had the

opportunity to either use that check or not use that check the next day, and he chose to use

it.” We agree with the trial court that the two crimes were “separate and distinct,” and we

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find no error in court’s ruling to grant the State’s motion to amend the indictment charging

Tutor as a habitual offender.

       II.     Whether the verdict is against the overwhelming weight of the
               evidence.

¶10.   Tutor contends that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence, noting none of

the stolen items were found in his possession and the only evidence of his involvement in the

burglary “is that of a disgruntled drug-addicted ex-girlfriend.” The State argues that Tutor

is procedurally barred from raising this claim because he failed to assert this claim to the trial

court. “There are certain errors that must be raised in front of the circuit judge in a motion

for a new trial, including challenges to the weight of the evidence.” Davis v. State, 75 So.

3d 569, 572 (¶14) (Miss. Ct. App. 2011) (citing Jackson v. State, 423 So. 2d 129, 132 (Miss.

1982)).

¶11.   At trial, defense counsel moved for a JNOV, asserting: “Judgment notwithstanding

the verdict, we would make a motion for the Court to set aside the verdict.” However, “a

motion for [a] JNOV challenges the sufficiency of the evidence presented to the jury, not its

weight.” Qualls v. State, 947 So. 2d 365, 373 (¶25) (Miss. Ct. App. 2007) (citing McClain

v. State, 625 So. 2d 774, 778 (Miss. 1993)). As noted, the trial court requested that counsel

file a written motion for a JNOV and later granted Tutor leave to file any posttrial motions.

He failed either to reassert his claim challenging the sufficiency of the evidence with a

motion for a JNOV or to assert a claim regarding the weight of the evidence in a motion for

a new trial. “The failure to preserve a matter by motion for new trial . . . may also serve as

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a procedural bar to its consideration by an appellate court.” Alonso v. State, 838 So. 2d 309,

313 (¶10) (Miss. Ct. App. 2002) (citing Seals v. State, 767 So. 2d 261 (¶6) (Miss. Ct. App.

2000)). As the record contains no motion for a new trial, Tutor is procedurally barred from

raising this issue.

¶12.   Notwithstanding the procedural bar, we find the weight of the evidence supports the

verdict. Leister testified that she and Tutor were in Calhoun County that day visiting Tutor’s

family and that Tutor stole the televisions from the McGregers’ home. Tutor was from

Calhoun County and knew the area. Also, although Tutor claims that he did not reside where

the stolen items were found, Leister testified that Tutor had been living at her home in Water

Valley for several months. Tutor was also with Leister at the Dollar General to sell the

television.

¶13.   Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

¶14.   AFFIRMED.

    LEE, C.J., IRVING AND GRIFFIS, P.JJ., CARLTON, FAIR, WILSON,
GREENLEE, WESTBROOKS AND TINDELL, JJ., CONCUR.




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