                  In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                          OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
                                                    No. 14-065V
                                                (Not to be Published)

*************************
                                         *
HEIDI SHARPE as the legal representative *                                  Special Master Corcoran
of her minor child, L.M.,                *
                                         *                                  Filed: July 6, 2018
                      Petitioner,        *
                                         *                                  Interim Attorney’s Fees and Costs;
               v.                        *                                  Second Motion for Interim Fees.
                                         *
SECRETARY OF HEALTH                      *
AND HUMAN SERVICES                       *
                                         *
                      Respondent.        *
                                         *
*************************

Curtis Webb, Twin Falls, ID, for Petitioner.

Amy Kokot, U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Washington, DC, for Respondent.


    DECISION GRANTING IN PART INTERIM AWARD OF ATTORNEY’S FEES AND
                                 COSTS1

        On January 27, 2014, Heidi Sharpe filed a petition as legal representative of her minor
child, L.M., seeking compensation under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program
(“Vaccine Program”).2 ECF No. 1. An entitlement hearing was held in this matter on March 13-
14, 2018, in Washington, DC, and a decision is currently pending.


1
  Because this Decision contains a reasoned explanation for my actions in this case, I will post it on the United States
Court of Federal Claims website, in accordance with the E-Government Act of 2002, 44 U.S.C. § 3501 (2012). As
provided by 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-12(d)(4)(B), however, the parties may object to the published Decision’s inclusion of
certain kinds of confidential information. Specifically, under Vaccine Rule 18(b), each party has fourteen days within
which to request redaction “of any information furnished by that party: (1) that is a trade secret or commercial or
financial in substance and is privileged or confidential; or (2) that includes medical files or similar files, the disclosure
of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy.” Vaccine Rule 18(b). Otherwise, the whole
Decision will be available to the public. Id.
2
 The Vaccine Program comprises Part 2 of the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660,
100 Stat. 3758, codified as amended at 42 U.S.C. §§ 300aa-10 through 34 (2012) (“Vaccine Act” or “the Act”).
Individual section references hereafter will be to § 300aa of the Act (but will omit that statutory prefix).
        Petitioner has asked for an interim award of fees and costs on two occasions. On June 7,
2016, Petitioner filed her first such request seeking an interim award of $80,000.00. See First
Motion for Interim Attorney’s Fees and Costs, ECF No. 49. I granted this motion, awarding
Petitioner the full amount requested. See Decision, dated July 16, 2016 (ECF No. 50).

        Petitioner filed the second motion for attorney’s fees and costs on May 29, 2018. Second
Motion for Interim Attorney’s Fees and Costs (“Fees App.”), ECF No. 94. This motion represents
fees and costs incurred between April 15, 2016, and May 18, 2018, including work performed
leading up to and during the entitlement hearing. Fees App. at 1. In total, Petitioner requests
compensation in the amount of $275,642.08. In compliance with General Order No. 9, Petitioner
represents that she has not incurred any personal costs in association with the litigation of this
matter. ECF No. 96.

        Respondent reacted to the instant motion on June 11, 2018, deferring to my discretion as
to whether Petitioner has met the legal standards for an interim fees and costs award. ECF No. 97
at 2. Respondent otherwise represents that the statutory and other legal requirements for an award
of attorney’s fees and costs are met, and he recommends that if an interim award is appropriate, I
calculate a reasonable award. Id. at 3-4.

         For the reasons stated below, I hereby GRANT IN PART Petitioner’s Motion, awarding
at this time interim fees and costs in the total amount of $95,630.34.

                                   PROCEDURAL HISTORY

       This action has been pending for over four years. Pet. at 1, filed January 27, 2014 (ECF
No. 1). At the time Petitioner filed the first motion for interim fees and costs in 2016, Petitioner
had already filed two expert reports from her expert, Dr. Robert Shuman, and the entitlement
hearing had been scheduled. Following the first award of interim fees, Petitioner filed two
additional expert reports, one from Dr. Shuman and the other from Dr. Richard Boles, and a two-
day entitlement hearing was held in Washington, DC, on March 13-14, 2018.

        Petitioner filed her second motion for interim fees on May 29, 2018. In it, she requests that
her attorney, Mr. Curtis Webb, be compensated for work performed at the following rates: $409.00
per hour for 2016; $424.00 per hour for 2017; and $440.00 per hour for 2018. Fees App. at 2.
Petitioner also requests that Mr. Webb’s paralegal, Alexander Webb, be compensated for work
performed from 2016-2018 at a flat rate of $100.00 per hour. Id. In addition, Petitioner seeks costs
related to the retention of Drs. Shuman and Boles as expert witnesses, and asks that Dr. Shuman
be compensated at $400.00 per hour and that Dr. Boles be compensated at $500.00 per hour. Id. at
19, 22. In sum, Petitioner requests $159,611.10 in attorney’s fees, plus $116,030.98 in costs, which
                                                 2
includes compensation for both experts, travel to and from the March 2018 entitlement hearing for
Mr. Webb, Drs. Shuman and Boles, and Petitioner herself, all attendant costs thereof including
lodging and food, and the costs of obtaining medical records. Id. at 24.

                                           ANALYSIS

I.     Requests for Interim Attorney’s Fees and Costs

        I have in prior decisions discussed at length the standards applicable to determining
whether to award fees on an interim basis (here meaning while the case is still pending). Auch v.
Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 12-673V, 2016 WL 3944701, at *6-9 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.
May 20, 2016); Al-Uffi v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 13-956V, 2015 WL 6181669, at
*5-9 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 30, 2015). It is well-established that a decision on entitlement is
not required before interim fees or costs may be awarded. Fester v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., No. 10-243V, 2013 WL 5367670, at *8 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Aug. 27, 2013); see also
Cloer v. Sec’y of Health and Human Servs., 675 F.3d 1358, 1362 (Fed. Cir. 2012); Avera v. Sec’y
of Health & Human Servs., 515 F.3d 1343, 1352 (Fed. Cir. 2008). While there is no presumption
of entitlement to interim fees and cost awards, special masters may in their discretion make such
awards, and often do so. Perreira v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 27 Fed. Cl. 29, 34 (1992),
aff’d, 33 F.3d 1375 (Fed. Cir. 1994). Requests for interim costs are subject to the same standards.
Perreira, 27 Fed. Cl. at 34; Presault v. United States, 52 Fed. Cl. 667, 670 (2002); Fester, 2013
WL 5367670, at *16. Criteria that I have found to be important in determining whether an interim
award should be permitted include: 1) if the amount of fees requested exceeds $30,000; 2) where
expert costs are requested, if the aggregate amount is more than $15,000; or 3) if the case has been
pending for more than 18 months. See Knorr v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 15-1169V,
2017 WL 2461375 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 17, 2017).

        As previously noted, this is Petitioner’s second interim fees and costs request submitted in
this case. As I have stated in other cases in which multiple interim fees requests were made,
however, it is not a best practice for counsel to file serial requests for interim fees and awards,
except in the rare cases where a Program litigation is especially protracted. Carda v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., No. 14-191V, 2017 WL 1709707, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 23,
2017); see also King v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 03-584V, 2009 WL 2252345, at *3
(Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 10, 2009) (noting that in the vast majority of Program cases, only one
award for interim fees and costs (if any) would be appropriate).

        I do not deem this case sufficiently protracted to merit a second interim award of attorney’s
fees. I have not yet issued a decision in this case, although I hope to do so soon. But I have
previously noted that issuing a decision on entitlement is not necessarily the “end” of the matter –
                                                 3
depending on the outcome of the case, the parties may engage in further litigation, whether in
appeals, damages disputes, or otherwise, thereby incurring even more fees and/or costs. See Bender
v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 11-693V, 2017 WL 5378011, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.
Sept. 5, 2017). As a result, it is likely that Petitioner will file at least one more request for fees and
costs. Judicial efficiency will best be served if the remaining quantum of attorney’s fees is settled
all at once in that final application. Accordingly, and in exercise of my discretion, I will defer
resolution of the instant second interim request for additional attorney’s fees (and associated
litigation costs – except as provided below) not addressed herein until Petitioners file a final fees
request.3

III.     Request for Expert’s Costs

        Petitioner also seeks costs for the two experts who testified on her behalf at trial. Unlike
with counsel, an expert’s work is largely complete once a hearing is held. Experts should be
promptly compensated for their time, both to alleviate financial burdens on counsel and to ensure
that experts remain willing to take on vaccine injury claimants. For these reasons, an interim award
of expert costs is reasonable, and I will not defer resolution of those costs.

         In the first decision awarding interim fees and costs, I compensated Dr. Shuman at the
requested rate of $400.00 per hour, and will do so again here. Dr. Shuman has billed 181.7 hours
in this matter at $400.00 per hour, plus an additional 23.5 hours at $200.00 per hour representing
time spent traveling. Although 181.7 hours is undoubtedly a large amount of hours to spend on the
matter (especially considering this does not include time billed for two expert reports previously
filed), Respondent has not contested any of Dr. Shuman’s billing entries, and I find them largely
to be reasonable -- with two exceptions. One entry, on 12/10/17, indicates that Dr. Shuman spent
14.50 hours in a single day working on “NPNR Clin Genetic Correlation.” Ex. 5 at 2. Similarly,
an entry on 03/10/18 indicates that Dr. Shuman spend another 14.25 hours in a single day working
on “Exh & Bib.” Id. at 3. It is unclear from these entries what Dr. Shuman spent such a tremendous
amount of time in a single day working on, or why it was necessary. Without more detailed
information, I must conclude that these entries are impermissibly vague and thus constitute block
billing. Special Masters have consistently reduced an award of costs when the billing statement is
vague. See Pelton v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 14-674V, 2017 WL 3378773, at *7
(Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 12, 2017); Raymo v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 11-654, 2016
WL 7212323, at *20-21 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Nov. 2, 2016). Accordingly, I will only compensate
Dr. Shuman for half of the time billed for each of these entries. This results in a reduction of
$5,750.00.


3
 Because I have determined that interim fees are not appropriate at this time, I will not at this time resolve the
appropriateness of the rates requested and the magnitude of hours billed.
                                                           4
        I will next turn to the amount requested for the work of Dr. Boles. Petitioner requests that
Dr. Boles performed 49 hours of work and billed at a rate of $500.00 per hour, and also spent 20
hours traveling, billed at a half-rate of $250.00 per hour. Fees App. at 22. I have previously found
$500.00 per hour to be too high for Dr. Boles, and have instead compensated him at a rate of
$350.00 per hour. L.M. v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 14-714V, 2017 WL 5382907, at
*$ (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 29, 2017). Other special masters have awarded Dr. Boles a similar
rate. See A.A. v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 15-597V, 2018 WL 3216243, at *6 (Fed.
Cl. Spec. Mstr. May 31, 2018) (awarding Dr. Boles $350.00 per hour); Dempsey v. Sec’y of Health
& Human Servs., No. 04-394V, 2017 WL 6343870, at *8 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Nov. 16, 2017)
(awarding him $300.00 per hour). Accordingly, I will award Dr. Boles $350.00 per hour for work
performed in this matter, and $175.00 per hour for time spent traveling. I do not otherwise find
any of the time billed by Dr. Boles to be objectionable, and Respondent has not indicated any
entries found to be objectionable either. Therefore, Dr. Boles will be compensated for the full time
he has billed at the aforementioned rates. This results in a total reduction of $8,850.00.

        I will now turn to the matter of travel expenses for the two experts. There appears to be a
discrepancy in how these travel expenses were billed – Dr. Boles appears to have personally
incurred his own travel costs to and from the entitlement hearing in Washington, DC (Fees App.
at 22) while it appears that Mr. Webb paid for Dr. Shuman’s travel expenses. Fees App. at 23.
Although I am not considering the full amount attorney’s costs at this time, in the interest of
fairness to the experts I will award-in-part costs relating to both experts’ travel (including that
reflected as incurred by Mr. Webb).

         The total costs incurred by Dr. Boles appear to be reasonable and will be awarded in full,
in the amount of $1,936.97. Dr. Shuman’s travel expenses will also be awarded in full with one
exception – the submitted documentation indicates that Dr. Shuman paid to upgrade his seats to
“Economy Plus.” ECF No. 95, Ex. D, at 19-20 (e-mail from Robert Shuman to Curtis Webb stating
“Had to upgrade the seats form cattle-car middle to economy-plus in order to get out of the tail
and out of the middle seats.”). While I am sympathetic to Dr. Shuman’s aversion to the middle
seat, the court has consistently declined to compensate petitioners for more luxurious methods of
travel, such as first-class airfare, business-class train fare, and Acela Express train fare. See Tetlock
v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 10-56V, 2017 WL 5664257, at *6 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.
Nov. 1, 2017). This results in a total reduction of $318.00 from Dr. Shuman’s travel expenses for
a total awarded amount of $1,625.37.

                                           CONCLUSION

        Accordingly, in the exercise of the discretion afforded to me in determining the propriety
of interim fees awards, and based on the foregoing, I GRANT IN PART Petitioner’s Motion for
                                                   5
Interim Attorney’s Fees and costs, and award a total of $95,630.34 in interim expert witness costs
as a lump sum in the form of a check jointly payable to Petitioner and Petitioner’s counsel, Mr.
Curtis Webb.

        In the absence of a motion for review filed pursuant to RCFC Appendix B, the clerk of the
court SHALL ENTER JUDGMENT in accordance with the terms of this decision.4


         IT IS SO ORDERED.
                                                                s/ Brian H. Corcoran
                                                                Brian H. Corcoran
                                                                Special Master




4
 Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), the parties may expedite entry of judgment if (jointly or separately) they file notices
renouncing their right to seek review.
                                                           6
