                                                                                     FILED
                                                                         United States Court of Appeals
                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                             Tenth Circuit

                            FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT                             November 1, 2018
                        _________________________________
                                                                            Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                                                                Clerk of Court
 JASON BROOKS,

       Petitioner - Appellant,

 v.                                                           No. 18-1356
                                                     (D.C. No. 1:18-CV-01940-LTB)
 MATTHEW HANSON, Warden, Sterling                               (D. Colo.)
 Correctional Facility; THE ATTORNEY
 GENERAL OF THE STATE OF
 COLORADO,

       Respondents - Appellees.
                      _________________________________

            ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY*
                   _________________________________

Before HOLMES, McHUGH, and MORITZ, Circuit Judges.
                  _________________________________

       Jason Brooks, a Colorado state prisoner appearing pro se, seeks a certificate of

appealability (COA) to appeal the district court’s denial of his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 habeas

application. We deny a COA and dismiss this matter.

       In 2010, Brooks pled guilty to four counts of securities fraud. He was sentenced

to 32 years’ imprisonment and ordered to pay approximately $5 million in restitution. In

July 2015, after unsuccessfully pursuing an initial habeas action on grounds not pertinent



       *
         This order is not binding precedent except under the doctrines of law of the case,
res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value
consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
here, Brooks received a notice from a state court clerk informing him that his restitution

order was subject to a monthly interest charge under Colo. Rev. Stat. § 18-1.3-603(4). As

a result, Brooks filed a state post-conviction motion in which he raised claims of

ineffective assistance of counsel and breach of his plea agreement. Both claims rested on

the failure to tell him about the interest charge prior to his guilty plea. The trial court

denied relief because it determined that his claims were untimely and procedurally

barred. Brooks bypassed further direct review in the state courts, and instead asked this

court to authorize the filing of a second or successive habeas petition. Although this

court denied authorization, we noted that if Brooks’s claims were based on events

occurring after his first petition was denied, his petition would not be second or

successive.

       Brooks returned to state court and filed another motion for post-conviction relief.

This time, he claimed that the interest charge made his sentence illegal. The trial court

denied the motion because Brooks failed to raise any new issues. Brooks appealed to the

Colorado Court of Appeals.

       But before Brooks’s appeal was decided, he filed a second habeas action in which

he argued that the state violated his due process rights when it added interest to the

restitution and thereby breached the plea agreement. The district court concluded that

Brooks’s application was not second or successive because it arose after his first habeas

action had concluded. Nonetheless, the court dismissed the claim because it had been

defaulted in state court on an independent and adequate state procedural ground and was

procedurally barred. See Brooks v. Archuleta, No. 16-cv-00895-GPG, 2016 WL

                                               2
8914532, at *3 (D. Colo. July 26, 2016). This court denied Brooks’s request for a COA

and dismissed his appeal.

       Since then, Brooks has filed numerous motions in district court under Rule 60(b)

of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure related to the interest charge under the Colorado

statute. Each motion was construed as second or successive and dismissed for lack of

jurisdiction. And just as many times, this court has denied Brooks’s requests for a COA

and dismissed his appeals. Brooks has also filed several unsuccessful motions for

authorization in this court concerning the interest charge.

       Most recently, Brooks filed a third habeas action in district court in which he again

raised an alleged due process violation arising from a breach of the plea agreement. The

court concluded that its previous order in Brooks, which denied the application because

the claim had been defaulted in state court on an independent and adequate state

procedural ground, was a disposition on the merits. Therefore, the court dismissed the

third application as second or successive, filed without authorization from this court.

Brooks seeks a COA to appeal from the court’s order.

       To appeal, Brooks must obtain a COA. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(A). Where, as

here, a district court has dismissed a filing on procedural grounds, for a COA to issue, the

movant must show both “that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the

petition states a valid claim of the denial of a constitutional right and that jurists of reason

would find it debatable whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling.”

Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000). We bypass the constitutional question

because we can easily dispose of this matter based on the procedural one. See id. at 485.

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       The district court properly characterized Brooks’s § 2254 motion as second or

successive. His previous motion was dismissed due to state procedural default. Because

that disposition was on the merits, the current application is successive. See Henderson

v. Lampert, 396 F.3d 1049, 1053 (9th Cir. 2005); Carter v. United States, 150 F.3d 202,

205-06 (2d Cir. 1998) (per curiam); see also Parkhurst v. Wilson, 525 F. App’x 736, 737

(10th Cir. 2013); Hill v. Daniels, 504 F. App’x 683, 688 (10th Cir. 2012); Schwartz v.

Neal, 228 F. App’x 814, 816 (10th Cir. 2007) (per curiam); cf. Hawkins v. Evans, 64 F.3d

543, 547 (10th Cir. 1995) (concluding that dismissal based on procedural default was on

the merits under pre-AEDPA successive petition doctrine). Absent prior authorization

from this court, the district court lacked jurisdiction to hear Brooks’s current application.

28 U.S.C. § 2244(b)(3).

       No reasonable jurist could debate the district court’s dismissal on procedural

grounds. Therefore, we deny Brooks’s application for a COA and dismiss his appeal.

Brooks’s request to proceed in forma pauperis is denied and we remind him of his

responsibility to immediately pay the unpaid balance of the appellate filing fee.


                                               Entered for the Court



                                               ELISABETH A. SHUMAKER, Clerk




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