[Cite as C.S.J. v. S.E.J., 2019-Ohio-3273.]

                                COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

                              EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                 COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

C.S.J.,                                             :

                 Petitioner-Appellee,               :
                                                               No. 107401
                 v.                                 :

S.E.J.,                                             :

                 Respondent-Appellant.              :


                                 JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION

                 JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
                 RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: August 15, 2019


             Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
                              Domestic Relations Division
                                 Case No. DV-17-368501


                                              Appearances:

                 Adam S. Baker, for appellee.

                 S.E.J., pro se.


PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, P.J.:

                      Appellant S.E.J. appeals from the judgment of the trial court that

granted appellee’s petition for a domestic violence civil protection order pursuant to

R.C. 3113.31. He assigns three errors for our review:

        I.       The trial court erred and abused its discretion when trial [court]
                 continued to proceed with trial after the appellant established for
             the record the appellee had procedural [sic] defaulted by failing
             to timely answer the admissions as required by Civ.R 36(C).

      II.    The trial court erred and abused its discretion when trial [court]
             continued to proceed with trial after the appellant established for
             the record the court’s order of service had not been perfected.

      III.   The appellee failed to establish perfected service on three
             separate occasions without any proof of service.

              Having reviewed the record and the controlling law, we affirm the

decision of the trial court. For the sake of clarity, we shall address the assigned

errors out of their predesignated order.

              The record indicates that appellant and appellee were married in

2008 and have one son who was born the following year. On August 22, 2017,

appellee filed a petition for an ex parte domestic violence civil protection order

against appellant. The court issued an ex parte protection order that day.

              The court scheduled a full hearing on the matter commencing in

February 2018, after both parties signed an agreed entry approving trial dates.

Appellant filed discovery requests, including multiple requests for admissions under

Civ.R. 36. He also filed motions to deem various matters admitted that were later

denied by the trial court. Both parties appeared at the evidentiary hearing and

presented evidence.       According to the App.R. 9(C) statement of the evidence

submitted in this case:

      On February 7, 2018, [appellee] was sworn and gave testimony that
      supports finding that [appellant] committed domestic violence as
      defined in R.C. 3113.31 and that the [appellee] is in danger of domestic
      violence. Her testimony is found to be credible. [Appellant’s]
      testimony was marginally credible. * * *
      [Appellee] testified that on or about August 1, 2017, [appellant]
      forcefully took [appellee’s] backpack from her person.

      [Appellant] picked up a box and threw it forcefully at [appellee’s] face,
      while she was wearing her glasses causing injury and bleeding.
      [Appellee] played an audio recording of the incident. [Appellee] was
      hysterical and crying. [Appellant] profusely apologized. [Appellee]
      submitted four (4) cell-phone photographs of herself taken 30 minutes
      after the aforementioned incident. The photographs clearly depict
      [appellee’s] swollen face, cheek and lips. [Appellant’s] objection to [the
      recording] is overruled as the [appellee] testified that she recorded the
      incident, and that the recording was accurate. Same corroborated her
      testimony.

      On or about August 15, 2017, [appellant] dropped [appellee] off at Rite-
      Aid drug store to pick up a prescription. [Appellant] left Petitioner at
      the drug store and she had to take bus home. Upon her return home,
      [appellee] noticed a camera set up with note that stated, “Don’t touch
      the camera.” [Appellee] testified that she was so frightened she called
      the police. The Police advised her to go to a shelter. [Appellee]
      contacted shelters and they were filled up [so she] stayed at a hotel. *
      **

      [Appellant] disputed that on August 1, 2017, he threw a box at
      [appellee]. He testified that it was a “flinch,” and that [appellee]
      “bumped his wrist with her lips.” However, [appellant] conceded that
      the photographs accurately reflected [appellee’s] injuries. As such, it is
      readily apparent that [appellant] caused serious physical harm upon
      the [appellee]. R.C. 3113.31(A)(1)(a).

      The Court further finds by preponderance of the evidence * * * that
      [appellee is] in danger of or has been a victim of domestic violence
      * * * as defined in R.C. 3113.31(A), committed by [appellant.]

              The court imposed a domestic violence civil protection order and

ordered it to remain in effect until August 2022.

Requests for Admissions

              In the first assigned error, appellant argues that appellee did not

“timely” respond to his requests for admissions pursuant to Civ.R. 36 because
appellee’s counsel assured him that discovery responses would be returned within

14 days, and responses were one day late. He maintains that various matters should

be deemed admitted under Civ.R. 36.

              In order to grant a domestic violence civil protection order pursuant

to R.C. 3113.31, the court must find that petitioner has shown by a preponderance of

the evidence that petitioner or petitioner’s family or household members are in

danger of domestic violence. Felton v. Felton, 79 Ohio St.3d 34, 42, 1997-Ohio-302,

679 N.E.2d 672, paragraph two of the syllabus; Johnson v. Burke, 8th Dist.

Cuyahoga No. 103702, 2016-Ohio-2947, ¶ 23. R.C. 3113.31(A)(1) defines domestic

violence to include, inter alia, “attempting to cause or recklessly causing bodily

injury[.]”

              Because courts are expressly authorized to “craft protection orders

that are tailored to the particular circumstances,” challenges to the scope of a

protection order are reviewed for abuse of discretion. M.D. v. M.D., 8th Dist.

Cuyahoga Nos. 106581 and 106758, 2018-Ohio-4218, ¶ 45, citing Allan v. Allan, 8th

Dist. Cuyahoga No. 101212, 2014-Ohio-5039, ¶ 11, quoting Reynolds v. White, 8th

Dist. Cuyahoga No. 74506, 1999 Ohio App. LEXIS 4454 (Sept. 23, 1999). “An abuse

of discretion connotes more than an error of law or judgment; it implies that the

court’s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable.”     Blakemore v.

Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983). When applying the

abuse of discretion standard, a reviewing court may not substitute its judgment for
that of the trial court. Berk v. Matthews, 53 Ohio St.3d 161, 169, 559 N.E.2d 1301

(1990).

              Civ.R. 36(B) provides that ‘[a]ny matter admitted under this rule is

conclusively established unless the court on motion permits withdrawal or

amendment of the admission.” Generally, the express language of Civ.R. 36(A),

requests for admissions are “‘self-executing; if there is no response to a request or

an admission, the matter is admitted. Unlike other discovery matters, the admission

is made automatically and requires no further action by the party requesting the

admissions.’” Smallwood v. Shiflet, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103853, 2016-Ohio-

7887, ¶ 18, quoting State v. Cordell, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 08AP-361, 2008-Ohio-

6124, ¶ 10.

              However, Civ.R. 65.1 governs special statutory proceedings under

R.C. 3113.31, and states:

      (A) Applicability; Construction; Other rules. The provisions of this
      rule apply to special statutory proceedings under R.C. 3113.31, R.C.
      2151.34, and R.C. 2903.214 providing for domestic violence, stalking,
      and sexually oriented offense civil protection orders, shall be
      interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with the intent and
      purposes of those protection order statutes, and supersede and make
      inapplicable in such proceedings the provisions of any other rules of
      civil procedure to the extent that such application is inconsistent with
      the provisions of this rule.

      ***

      (D) Discovery.

      (1) Time. Discovery under this rule shall be completed prior to the time
      set for the full hearing.
        (2) Discovery order. Discovery may be had only upon the entry of an
        order containing all of the following to the extent applicable:

        (a) The time and place of the discovery;

        (b) The identities of the persons permitted to be present, which shall
        include any victim advocate; and

        (c) Such terms and conditions deemed by the court to be necessary to
        assure the safety of the Petitioner, including if applicable, maintaining
        the confidentiality of the Petitioner’s address.

(Emphasis added.)

                Pursuant to the 2016 Staff Notes for this rule,

        The [domestic violence civil protection order] statutes do not address
        discovery. Division (D) provides for discovery only upon a court order
        containing accommodations and protections deemed necessary for the
        protection of the petitioner.

                The record in this case indicates that without obtaining prior approval

from the court, appellant served multiple requests for admissions upon appellee,

which were followed by motions to deem matters admitted. Under the clear

language of Civ.R. 65.1, however, in order to fulfill the aims of accommodating and

protecting an ex parte petitioner, a discovery order must first be obtained before

proceeding with discovery. Such order would specify the time, place, terms and

conditions of discovery. Moreover, as the magistrate thoughtfully opined in this

case:

        Neither party requested a discovery order prior to the date of this
        proceeding, January 3, 2018. The purpose of the statute is to determine
        whether the Petitioner and/or the parties’ minor child are in danger of
        domestic violence based on the truth of the allegations contained in the
        Petition. Felton v. Felton[, 79 Ohio St.3d 34, 37-38, 679 N.E.2d 672
        (1997)]. This Magistrate is of the opinion that such requests for
        admissions are inconsistent with the purpose of the statute, to protect
      individuals from domestic violence. Discovery should be used as a
      shield and not a sword. Civil Rule 65.1 addresses discovery in these
      proceedings. This Magistrate offered that the Respondent could
      schedule the Petitioner’s deposition to take place in this Courthouse
      prior to the full hearing taking place. The Respondent declined the
      opportunity to do so.

              In accordance with the foregoing, we conclude that the trial court did

not abuse its discretion in denying appellant’s motions to deem various matters

admitted. The first assigned error lacks merit.

Appellee’s Service of Discovery Documents

              In the third assigned error, appellant maintains that appellee failed

to properly serve him with her discovery responses.

               Again, we note that appellant did not first obtain a court order for

discovery as required under Civ.R. 65.1. Additionally, the magistrate properly

denied his attempt to deem matters submitted to appellee as admitted prior to the

full evidentiary hearing. Further, appellant was permitted to extensively cross-

examine appellee and pursue expansive areas of inquiry during the full evidentiary

hearing. Accordingly, we find no prejudicial error.

              The third assigned error is without merit.

Service of Notices and Orders from the Court

              In the second assigned error, appellant asserts that he was not

properly served with court notices and orders after he notified the court of his

change of address.
              In order to render a valid judgment, a court must have jurisdiction

over the defendant in the action. Maryhew v. Yova, 11 Ohio St.3d 154, 156, 464

N.E.2d 538 (1984). A court may acquire personal jurisdiction over the defendant

either by service of process upon the defendant, the voluntary appearance and

submission of the defendant or his legal representative, or by certain acts of the

defendant or his legal representative that constitute an involuntary submission to

the jurisdiction of the court. Id. Jurisdiction over the person is presumed to exist

in the absence of an objection. Jones v. Jordan, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 88696,

2007-Ohio-2519, ¶ 11.

              Under R.C. 3113.31(D),

      The court shall give the respondent notice of, and an opportunity to be
      heard at, the full hearing. The court shall hold the full hearing on the
      date scheduled under this division unless the court grants a
      continuance of the hearing in accordance with this division. Under any
      of the following circumstances or for any of the following reasons, the
      court may grant a continuance of the full hearing to a reasonable time
      determined by the court:

      (i) Prior to the date scheduled for the full hearing under this division,
      the respondent has not been served with the petition filed pursuant to
      this section and notice of the full hearing.

      (ii) The parties consent to the continuance.

              Here the record indicates that appellant was properly served with the

ex parte order and the notices of the full hearing that were initially scheduled.

Appellant moved to a new residence after the ex parte order was issued. However,

he subsequently signed several agreed orders outlining the trial dates. Significantly,

appellant signed various agreed judgment entries scheduling the hearing on the
protection order and explaining that the ex parte order would remain in effect.

Furthermore, appellant did not raise an objection to the sufficiency of process.

Civ.R. 12(H). Appellant also appeared in the action and filed numerous documents,

clearly demonstrating his awareness of the scheduling of trial as well as the court’s

personal jurisdiction. In accordance with all of the foregoing, we conclude that the

trial court had personal jurisdiction over appellant in this matter.

               The second assigned error is without merit.

               Motion No. 528115 (which was referred to the merit panel for

disposition) seeking reconsideration of this court’s prior order striking Exhibit D

from appellant’s merit brief is denied in part and granted in part. The motion to

reconsider is denied as to the letter included within Exhibit D, but is reversed as to

the remainder of Exhibit D, which is part of the trial court record.

               Judgment is affirmed.

      It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.

      The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

      It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment

into execution.
      A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27

of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.


______________________________________
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, PRESIDING JUDGE

ANITA LASTER MAYS, J., and
LARRY A. JONES, SR., J., CONCUR
