                                Fourth Court of Appeals
                                       San Antonio, Texas
                                   MEMORANDUM OPINION
                                           No. 04-14-00316-CV

                               IN THE INTEREST OF J.F., Minor Child

                      From the 131st Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas
                                   Trial Court No. 2012-PA-02694
                           Honorable John D. Gabriel, Jr., Judge Presiding

Opinion by:       Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice

Sitting:          Karen Angelini, Justice
                  Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice
                  Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice

Delivered and Filed: October 22, 2014

AFFIRMED

           Appellant appeals the trial court’s order terminating her parental rights to her daughter, J.F.

After an eight-day jury trial, the trial court submitted a broad form jury charge providing the jury

with five possible grounds for termination and indicating that the jury must also find that

termination of Appellant’s parental rights is in the best interest of J.F. In a single question, the

charge asked the jury, “Do you find that the parent-child relationship between [Appellant] and the

child, J.F., should be terminated?” The jury answered, “Yes.” The trial court signed an order of

termination in accordance with the jury’s findings.

           In her sole issue on appeal, Appellant argues that trial counsel provided ineffective

assistance of counsel for failing to object to a ground in the broad form jury charge that failed to

track the statutory language of the Family Code. Specifically, she complains that the charge
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erroneously gave the jury the option to terminate Appellant’s parental rights if she

“contumaciously refused to submit to a reasonable and lawful order of the court.” Section

161.001(1)(I) provides: “The court may order termination of the parent-child relationship if the

court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the parent has contumaciously refused to submit

to a reasonable and lawful order of a court under Subchapter D, Chapter 261[.]” TEX. FAM. CODE

ANN. § 161.001(1)(I) (West 2014) (emphasis added). Appellant contends that this ground was

overly broad because it allowed for termination if she refused to submit to any order of the court,

and there is no way of knowing how many jurors relied on this ground to terminate her parental

rights. Thus, she maintains that counsel was ineffective for failing to object to the error.

       The Texas Supreme Court has held that “the statutory right to counsel in parental-rights

termination cases embodies the right to effective counsel.” In re M.S., 115 S.W.3d 534, 544 (Tex.

2003); TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 107.013(a) (West 2014). The two-pronged Strickland test used

for determining counsel effectiveness in criminal proceedings is also used to determine counsel

effectiveness in civil parental termination proceedings. In re M.S., 115 S.W.3d at 545; see

Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). Under the two-pronged test, Appellant must

first show that her counsel’s performance was deficient; second, Appellant must show that the

deficient performance prejudiced the defense. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687.

       In evaluating the effectiveness of counsel under the first prong, we look to the totality of

the representation and the particular circumstances of each case. Thompson v. State, 9 S.W.3d

808, 813 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). The issue is whether counsel’s assistance was reasonable under

all the circumstances and prevailing professional norms at the time of the alleged error. Strickland,

466 U.S. at 688-89. “[C]ounsel is strongly presumed to have rendered adequate assistance and

made all significant decisions in the exercise of reasonable professional judgment.” Id. at 690.

An allegation of ineffective assistance must be firmly founded in the record, and the record must
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affirmatively demonstrate the alleged ineffectiveness. Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 813-14. Our

scrutiny of counsel’s performance must be highly deferential, and every effort must be made to

eliminate the distorting effects of hindsight. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689.

        Here, Appellant did not file a motion for new trial, and the record is silent as to counsel’s

strategy at trial. See Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 813-14 (silent record will not support ineffective

assistance claim). Based on the silent record before us, we cannot conclude that counsel’s failure

to object to a ground in the broad form jury charge that failed to track the statutory language of the

Family Code 1 was “outside the wide range of professionally competent assistance.” In re J.F.C.,

96 S.W.3d 256, 283 (Tex. 2002) (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 690). Appellant has failed to

show her counsel’s performance was deficient. See In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 283; Thompson, 9

S.W.3d at 914. Because Appellant failed to meet her burden under the first prong of the Strickland

test, we need not address the second prong. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697. Accordingly, we

overrule Appellant’s issue on appeal, and affirm the judgment of the trial court.


                                                          Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice




1
 Appellant cites In re B.L.D., 113 S.W.3d 340, 354-55 (Tex. 2003), for the proposition that grounds for termination
submitted to the jury in the broad form jury charge must track the statutory language of the Family Code. B.L.D. does
not actually mandate such, but merely noted that the charge in the case did track the language of the Family Code.
See id.

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