[Cite as State v. McNeill, 2018-Ohio-2659.]




                             IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                                SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                      CLARK COUNTY

 STATE OF OHIO                                      :
                                                    :
         Plaintiff-Appellee                         :   Appellate Case No. 2017-CA-64
                                                    :
 v.                                                 :   Trial Court Case No. 2016-CRB-2342
                                                    :
 TSEHINESH Y. MCNEILL                               :   (Criminal Appeal from Municipal Court)
                                                    :
         Defendant-Appellant                        :
                                                    :

                                               ...........

                                              OPINION

                               Rendered on the 6th day of July, 2018.

                                               ...........

KAYLA E. ROWE, Atty. Reg. No. 0096320 and MATTHEW B. DIBARTOLA, Atty. Reg.
No. 0088702, Clark County Prosecutor’s Office, 50 East Columbia Street, Fourth Floor,
Springfield, Ohio 45502
      Attorneys for Plaintiff-Appellee

MICHAEL R. PENTECOST, Atty. Reg. No. 0036803, 117 South Main Street, Suite 400,
Dayton, Ohio 45422
      Attorney for Defendant-Appellant

                                              .............



DONOVAN, J.
                                                                                           -2-




       {¶ 1} This matter is before the Court on the July 13, 2017 Notice of Appeal of

Tsehinesh Y. McNeill. McNeill appeals from her judgment entry of conviction, following a

March 2, 2017 jury trial, in Clark County Municipal Court, on one count of theft, in violation

of R.C. 2913.02(A)(1), a misdemeanor of the first degree. On June 19, 2016, McNeill

removed eight bracelet watches and four pairs of shorts, in total valued at $347.92, from

the Springfield Kohl’s department store. The municipal court sentenced McNeill to 35

days in jail, and it suspended 30 days of the sentence upon the conditions that McNeill

not commit any new theft offenses and pay court costs. Having reviewed the record, we

hereby affirm the judgment of the municipal court.

       {¶ 2} The record reflects that McNeill pled not guilty on July 25, 2016.           On

September 23, 2016, counsel for McNeill filed a motion to withdraw. A hearing was held

on the motion on October 25, 2016, with the assistance of an interpreter. McNeill is from

Eritrea, and Tigrinya and Amharic are her native languages. In an entry, the municipal

court determined as follows:

              Counsel’s motion indicates the defendant no longer wishes for him

       to represent her. The defendant indicated that she can no longer pay

       counsel.    She first indicated she was no longer employed and was

       attending school, but then stated that she left her prior job to accept

       employment as a bus aid. The Court will not intervene to settle a contract

       dispute between counsel and the defendant.

       Accordingly, the motion to withdraw is denied * * *.

       {¶ 3} On October 28, 2016, McNeill filed a “Demand for Jury Trial,” and on October
                                                                                        -3-


31, 2016, the trial date was scheduled for December 8, 2016, with a pretrial conference

scheduled on December 7, 2016.          At the pretrial conference, McNeill rejected the

prosecutor’s offer to plead guilty to a reduced charge of unauthorized use of property, a

fourth degree misdemeanor. McNeill’s mother-in-law, Angela Spencer, was present and

advised the court that McNeill is indigent. The court indicated that it would reschedule

trial and appoint new counsel to represent McNeill. McNeill filed an affidavit of indigency

on December 7, 2016. On December 12, 2016, appointed counsel for McNeill filed a

notice of appearance.

       {¶ 4} Trial was rescheduled for February 9, 2017, and a pre-trial conference was

held on February 8, 2017, at which time the prosecutor renewed its prior offer to amend

the charge to unauthorized use of property. McNeill declined the offer. McNeill again

requested an interpreter for trial, and the court denied the request.

       {¶ 5} On February 9, 2017, the State requested a continuance due to the

unavailability of a witness employed at Kohl’s, and McNeill again requested an interpreter

for trial. Counsel for McNeill advised the court as follows:

              Your Honor, Miss McNeill, of course does not want to proceed to trial

       without an interpreter available to her. Miss McNeill was not born in this

       country. She was born in a small country in east Africa. I believe her

       native language there was Tigrinya. She has been evaluated by Clark

       State. Basically they have noted that she does need some basic adult

       literacy to understand. She can converse in English very well. She just

       doesn’t understand higher concepts, and we believe an interpreter should

       be available to her to make sure she does understand the situation and the
                                                                                        -4-


      moves and the cross-examination that prosecution will put her under.

      {¶ 6} In response to questions from the court, counsel for McNeill indicated that

McNeill has lived in the United Stated for 20 years, and that she is employed as a bus aid

in the Springfield school system. McNeill acknowledged that in the course of her work,

she interacts with the administration, the bus driver, and the students on the bus without

the aid of an interpreter. McNeill advised the court that she previously worked at Rite Aid

as a cashier, also without the aid of an interpreter. Prior to that she indicated she was

employed in Washington, D.C. The following exchange occurred:

             THE COURT:        * * *   The record will reflect the Court used the

      Supreme Court’s interpretive service on the 25th day of October of 2016

      during the motion for Mr. Bayless to withdraw. Reviewing of that transcript

      indicates and reveals that the Defendant answered questions on multiple

      occasions before the interpreter had finished interpreting the question.

             The record will also reflect the Defendant has had personal face to

      face conversations in English with this court’s administrative staff over two

      transcripts which she has ordered and paid for. The record will reflect this

      court has had two face to face conversations with the Defendant as the

      court exited the courtroom when she was in the waiting area.           Those

      conversations were about the transcripts she has ordered and paid for.

             Most recently, the Defendant was before the court in Case No. 16

      TRD 15134 which was a speed violation, 51 in a 35 mile an hour zone. The

      Defendant spoke with the state’s attorney, negotiated a plea bargain in that

      case to plead to 39 in a 35. She then appeared in front of the Magistrate,
                                                                                         -5-


      entered a guilty plea to that charge and was fined. She had paid the fine

      and on the 27th day of January of this year filed a Motion for * * *

      expungement of verdict and return of fine, which the court is treating as a

      Motion to withdraw the plea and vacate the conviction. That document is

      filed with the court.    It is typewritten in English with the Defendant’s

      signature at the bottom.

             MR. CHAVEZ:         Just to clarify about that, Your Honor.          My

      understanding from talking to Miss McNeill was that her mother in law did

      that for her under her advisement.

             THE COURT: Then the Defendant shouldn’t have signed it without

      indicating the same.

             MR. CHAVEZ: Yes, under her advisement of telling her what to

      write there.

             ***

             THE COURT: And the Court’s advice to your client is that she take

      advice from you, her lawyer, and not this woman who continually advises

      her and is giving her poor advice. For all of the reasons I’ve just articulated,

      the Court will not bring an interpreter in for the March the 2nd trial.

      {¶ 7} The jury trial and sentencing both occurred on March 2, 2017. The jury

heard the testimony of Christine Amy Faisick and Cynthia Schneider of Kohl’s, and two

DVDs taken from Kohl’s security cameras were admitted into evidence, as well as

Faisick’s incident report and a photograph of the items that belonged to Kohl’s and were

removed from McNeill’s possession. McNeill also testified.
                                                                                           -6-


       {¶ 8} Faisick testified that she is the loss prevention supervisor for the Springfield

Kohl’s, and that she was so employed on June 19, 2016. She testified that she observes

shoppers by means of 32 cameras in the store. Faisick testified that it was brought to

her attention that McNeill entered the store carrying a Kohl’s shopping bag, and that

Faisick has experience with customers attempting to conceal stolen merchandise in bags

brought into the store. She testified that she observed McNeill in the Jewelry Department

place a bracelet watch on her wrist, and place another one in her cart. She stated that

she observed McNeill walk behind a rack of clothing in the Misses Department, and that

when she emerged from behind the rack, the Kohl’s bag “was more full than it had been

before.” Faisick stated that she observed McNeill proceed to Customer Service and

exchange merchandise. According to Faisick, McNeill then “went to the Young Girls

Department, selected shorts from there.” Faisick testified that McNeill then “went back

to the Junior Department, where she selected three Mudd shorts,” and then she went to

“the Misses side registers, point of sale over there. She made a small purchase and

then passed the point of sale and left the store through the first doors.” Faisick stated that

she, accompanied by a store manager, stopped McNeill, introduced herself, and took

McNeill to her office. Faisick testified that she told McNeill that she wanted the bracelet

watch she was wearing returned, as well as the other bracelet watch and any other

property belonging to Kohl’s.

       {¶ 9} Faisick identified, as Exhibit D, her incident report, which reflects that 11

items were removed from McNeill’s possession that she did not pay for, namely the eight

bracelet watches, priced at $24.99 each, two pairs of Mudd Bermuda shorts, priced at

$38.00, one pair of Mudd Bermuda shorts priced at $36.00, and one pair of girl’s Vanilla
                                                                                         -7-


Star Bermuda shorts priced at $36.00. Faisick identified, as Exhibit E, a photograph

taken by her of the items. Faisick identified, as Exhibit A, a disk containing the recording

from “Camera 29” in the store, and as Exhibit C, a disk containing the recording of

“Camera 24,” both of which were burned by her on the day of the theft. She testified that

“Camera 29” records continuously and depicts McNeill’s time inside the store after Faisick

was alerted to her presence. Exhibit A was played for the jury, and Faisick testified that

it accurately represented what she observed on the day of the theft. Faisick testified that

she first observed McNeill at 1:05 p.m., and that she stopped her at 2:03. Finally, Exhibit

C was played for the jury, which Faisick testified depicts McNeill leaving the store.

       {¶ 10} Cynthia Schneider testified that she was employed as an Area Supervisor

at the Springfield Kohl’s on June 19, 2016. She testified that on June 19, 2016, McNeill

approached her at the Misses registers and said that she “needed to either exchange or

return some things, so I directed her back to Customer Service” in the rear of the store.

Schneider testified that she did not have problems communicating with McNeill in English

and that McNeill appeared to comprehend what was said.            Schneider testified that

McNeill “had a [Kohl’s] bag that had items in it.” She stated that there were “multiple

[Kohl’s] bags within the bag,” with “merchandise in each bag,” which aroused her

suspicion. Schneider testified that she communicated with Loss Prevention via her radio

headset, and that she reported to the Loss Prevention Office and viewed the video of

McNeill placing the watch on her wrist. Schneider stated that when McNeill went past the

point of sale, she was stopped and taken to the Loss Prevention Office. Schneider’s

testimony is consistent with Faisick’s regarding the removal of the Kohl’s merchandise

from McNeill’s possession. She testified that she “compared receipts to see if the even
                                                                                         -8-


exchange items matched up.”        Schneider testified that McNeill had eight bracelet

watches and four pairs of shorts for which she lacked a receipt.

      {¶ 11} Officer William Evans of the Springfield Police Department testified that he

was dispatched to the Springfield Kohl’s on June 19, 2016, on a shoplifting report. After

speaking to Faisick at the store, he testified that he arrested McNeill, transported her to

police headquarters, and advised her of her rights. Evans testified that she advised him

that she understood her rights. Evans stated that McNeill “seemed like a very nice lady,”

and that he asked her why she committed the theft. McNeill responded, “I was being

stupid,” according to Evans.

      {¶ 12} Finally, McNeill testified that she was born in “east Africa, name is Eritrea.

The city of my county is Asmara.” She testified that she worked in Washington D.C., “out

at the cemetery. And like a tour, they come, like a thousand, a thousand people for visit.”

She testified that when her boss passed away, the company was sold, and “after that, I

work at, it was Rite Aid” as a cashier for three or four years. McNeill testified that she

also worked at a daycare. McNeill testified that she asked for and received a transfer

from Rite Aide, but that her job is not full-time, so she also works as a bus aid for

Springfield schools.

      {¶ 13} McNeill testified that she shops at Kohl’s “all the time,” and that “only I can

go to get clothes or to get jewelry or to get anything for my daughter, only I can go to

Kohl’s, because I have a credit limit with them and I have a good customer service with

them.” McNeill testified as follows regarding the events of June 19, 2016:

             The way I got that day it’s Father’s Day, I remember that I go to

      shopping and I have some pants, like four pants to go to exchange the size,
                                                                                        -9-


      or I have to go to like in a department to find other kinds. But before I work,

      I could have the lady, I show her my receipt and then I show her my stuff.

      And then she told me, say, “Go to customer service and they told me, say,

      if you need exchange, the same size, and then you just go to, pick whatever

      you want and then go to the cashier. And then exchange it. I say, “OK”.

      {¶ 14} McNeill testified that she continued to walk around Kohl’s because her

daughter was participating in a church program and she was waiting for it to conclude.

The following exchange occurred:

             Q. * * * And you said, you’ve seen the video that was played here

      today, is that correct?

             A. Yes.

             Q. And I think, we all saw you select a bracelet.

             A. Yes.

             Q. What happened?

             A. OK, the bracelet I had it in my hand, I did it. And I can tell you I

      never steal. My mother in law, she call me and my auntie, she call me and

      at (inaudible) they call me; and concerned with everything. I just forgot it.

      I say, I know I had it in my hand but when I go to the register, complete, I

      forgot it. * * *

             ***

             Q. What did you do with the other jewelry?

             A. I just drop, when they call me to pay it, the phone, and it’s just

      drop, it’s my purse.
                                                                                    -10-


       Q. In your purse?

       A. Yes.

       Q. Why did you put it in your purse?

       A. I don’t do it purposely. When I pick it out, my phone, when they

call me, I just dropped it, but I don’t mean to, to do that. But I just, this has

happened but I say, “I’m sorry”. When she stopped me. I say, “I’m sorry,

can I buy it”? She told me, she says, “Shut up”. * * *

{¶ 15} McNeill further testified as follows:

       Q. And why did you approach Customer Service when you came

in?

       A.    I asked first, the supervisor, I don’t know.        She said the

supervisor. I asked the lady, I have this, items to be exchanged or to

return. And she opened my bag. She see how many I had and then she

see the receipt, she told me, she say, go to Customer Service. I go to

Customer Service and showed them, to ask them what I have to do. And

the lady, she told me, say go get it from the floor and then go to the cashier,

and cashier, they can help you.

       ***

       Q. OK, and at some point you went to check out. What happened

at checkout?

       A. When I go to the checkout to buy this pair, and when I give her

for the cashier was my receipt, exchange it, and to buy the (inaudible) - -

And the lady, when I show her first when I look, she come to help me decide,
                                                                                    -11-


* * *; but she put it in the bag, something in my bag. I don’t know what she

put it. I don’t see her when I give it to the cashier to ring it up, and then she

handed it to me, I put in my, in the cart. That’s all I can know.

       Q. OK, and what happened after you left the checkout stand?

       A. And then I just complete, I forgot about it, the jewelry. I don’t,

completely forgot about that. I just say, still when she stopped me, I tell

her, I say, “I’m sorry, can I buy it”? She give it to me, say, “Shut up”. * * *

{¶ 16} The following exchange occurred on cross-examination:

       Q. So you bring the stuff in. You’re going to make your exchange.

You talk to somebody. They say go to the back?

       A. Yes.

       Q. Make the exchange?

       A. Yes.

       Q. You do a little shopping on your way to the back?

       A. Yes.

       Q. You watched the video, right?

       A. Yes.

       Q. First you decide, I like this watch. I’m gonna put it on.

       A. Uh hum.

       Q.   You tried it out, right?    When did you put the seven other

bracelets in your purse?

       A. When I pick up all of them is in my hand at first. Now when my

phone is called, it’s dropped in my, in the cart. My purse –
                                                                                         -12-


                 ***

                 Q. They, they just happened to fall into your purse?

                 A. Yes, sir.

                 Q. OK. So your purse was open, the cart was open - -

                 A. ‘Cause when I grabbed my phone to take it off, it’s my purse is

       open, yes.

                 ***

                 Q. And then you forget about it?

                 A. I forget about them, yes.

                 Q.    So there’s seven in there, got one on the wrist, you don’t

       remember?

                 A. Yes.

       {¶ 17} McNeill testified that when she entered the store, she had four pairs of pants

or shorts with her, and that she could not exchange all of them because she could not

find the right sizes. She stated that an employee put something in her bag. When

asked if she was set up, McNeill responded, “I believe so. That’s why they did.” She

testified, “when the lady she come to the register, when she helping me, she bended to

put it in the bag.”

       {¶ 18} McNeill asserts two assignments of error herein. Her first assigned error

is as follows:

                 THE    TRIAL    COURT     ERRED     BY    FAILING      TO   GRANT

       APPELLANT’S REPEATED REQUESTS FOR AN INTERPRETER FOR

       TRIAL PROCEEDINGS.
                                                                                         -13-


        {¶ 19} McNeill asserts that “the trial court abused its discretion in repeatedly

refusing [her] requests for the appointment of an interpreter.” She asserts that “the trial

court’s use of extra-judicial contacts between itself and its staff and reference to the

docket of unrelated proceedings in which there is no evidence the court was a participant

to deny Appellant an interpreter is unreasonable * * *.” McNeill asserts that while she

“may be able to speak English sufficiently to hold a menial job or engage in a

conversation, she does not, as attested by her evaluation at Clark State, have such

functioning in legal proceedings and cannot readily understand the questioning and

proceedings.” She argues that the “transcripts are replete with examples of moments

when McNeill clearly did not understand questions or concepts that were being asked of

her.”

        {¶ 20} As this Court has noted:

               The Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment to the United

        States Constitution contains three essential elements: that the defendant

        be afforded the opportunity to be physically present at trial, that he be

        competent to assist in his own defense, and that he be able to understand

        the language of the forum. 3 LaFave & Israel, Criminal Procedure (1984),

        9, Section 23.2(c). * * *

State v. Mahan, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 15071, 1996 WL 65250, *2 (Feb. 16, 1996).

        {¶ 21} As this Court has further noted:

               A defendant in “a criminal case * * * is entitled to hear the

        proceedings     in   a   language   that   he   can   understand.”   (Citation

        omitted.) State v. Al–Mosawi, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24633, 2012–Ohio–
                                                                                             -14-


         3385, ¶ 8. To this end, R.C. 2311.14(A)(1) states that a “court shall appoint

         a qualified interpreter” to assist a party to a legal proceeding “who cannot

         readily understand or communicate” because “of a hearing, speech, or other

         impairment.”

State v. Zaragoza, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 27290, 2017-Ohio-7944, ¶ 12. “Among

those who have ‘a hearing, speech, or other impediment,’ the legislature includes

‘person[s] who speak[ ] a language other than English.’ R.C. 2311.14(A)(2).” Id. at ¶ 12,

fn. 5.

         {¶ 22} As this Court has noted:

                The trial court has broad discretion in determining whether a criminal

         defendant requires the assistance of an interpreter. State v. Saah, 67 Ohio

         App.3d 86, 95, 585 N.E.2d 999 (8th Dist.1990). Therefore, this court will not

         reverse the trial court's decision in this regard absent a showing that the trial

         court abused its discretion by acting unreasonably, unconscionably, or

         arbitrarily. Id., citing, State v. Apanovitch, 33 Ohio St.3d 19, 22, 514 N.E.2d

         394 (1987).

Al-Mosawi at ¶ 9.

         {¶ 23} As this Court has further noted:

                The decision regarding whether a defendant is entitled to a court

         appointed language interpreter is initially based on the trial court's

         assessment of the defendant's apparent ability to comprehend the English

         language and communicate therein. See, State v. Quinones (Oct. 14,

         1982), Cuyahoga App. No. CR–59478, unreported, citing Perovich v.
                                                                                           -15-

       United States (1907), 205 U.S. 86 and Suarez v. Desist (1962), 309 F.2d

       709. * * * [A]n imperfect grasp of the English language may be sufficient as

       long as the defendant has the ability to understand and communicate in

       English. See, Perovich, supra; Saah, supra; State v. Davis (May 7, 1981),

       Cuyahoga App. No. 42672, 42737, 42738, unreported.

State v. Castro, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 14398, 1995 WL 558782, *4 (Sept. 20, 1995).

       {¶ 24} Having reviewed the record, we conclude that an abuse of discretion is not

demonstrated. As noted above, McNeill has been in this country for 20 years and held

three jobs, without the aid of an interpreter, which required interaction with co-workers

and the public. As the trial court noted, a review of the transcript of the hearing on the

motion to withdraw reveals little evidence of translation difficulties. For example, without

the use of the interpreter, McNeill acknowledged in response to questions from the court

that she hired Bayless to represent her, and that she paid him to do so. When asked if

she told Bayless that she no longer wanted him to represent her, McNeill responded, “I’m

not working and I do not have money and I can, I do not afford Mr. Bayless.”

       {¶ 25} McNeill specifically directs our attention to multiple instances at the

December 7, 2016 pre-trial conference, trial and sentencing where she claims her lack of

understanding of the proceedings is revealed. We conclude that when the exchanges

are considered in context and in their entirety, it is clear that McNeill is able to comprehend

the English language and communicate therein.            For example, McNeill directs our

attention to the following exchange between the court and McNeill at the pre-trial

conference:

              Q. OK, so I don’t see language as a barrier to communication –
                                                                                     -16-


             A. Um - -

             Q - - so I’m not going to put the interpreter on the phone today. You

      understand?

             A. But, not I can’t understand everything, what he say.

      {¶ 26} However, immediately prior to the above cited exchange, the record

reflects the following conversation occurred:

             Q. Miss McNeill, I’m not going to get the interpreter on the phone

      today because you and I have had several conversations in English and

      communicated effectively, correct?

             A. Yes.

             ***

             Q. I came off the bench one morning and you were standing in my

      entryway with a letter about a transcript, and I indicated to you that you

      could call and make a telephone appointment with the secretary in order to

      make arrangements to retrieve that, correct?

             A. Yes.

             ***

             Q. Then our subsequent conversation was when you called on the

      telephone and I indicated to you that she was not in the office. It was just

      moments after our face to face conversation, correct?

             A. Yes.

             Q. And [I] indicated to you, you need to give it some time and call

      her to make arrangements?
                                                                                        -17-


              A. Arrangements for what? * * *

              Q. To pick up the transcript.

              A. Yes.

              Q. Yes. And have you picked that up yet?

              A. Yes, I do.

       {¶ 27} Subsequently, counsel for McNeill indicated to the court that he discussed

the offer of the amended charge with McNeill, and that she rejected it and asked him to

renew the motion to withdraw, for financial reasons, and because “she did not feel like we

were on the same page.” The court indicated to McNeill that it was “not going to get

involved in a contractual dispute with you and your lawyer. Do you understand that?”

McNeill responded, “No, I don’t understand.” McNeill nevertheless acknowledged that

she entered into a contractual agreement with Bayless, but she asserted that she “can’t

afford the money to pay him.” The court noted that it would not revisit its prior ruling on

the motion to withdraw. In addition, the following exchange occurred:

              [THE COURT] Q. Mr. Bayless says now that you told him that he

       can’t, and what were your words, Mr. Bayless?

              MR. BAYLESS: That we are not on the same page.

              Q. - - that you’re not on the same page. What does that mean, Miss

       McNeill?

              A. I don’t understand what’s - - not on the same page? I don’t

       understand that. The same page.

       {¶ 28} Counsel for McNeill then advised the court that much of his conversation

with McNeill took place with her family members present, “so that language wasn’t from
                                                                                          -18-


Miss McNeill directly, but from her family with her present, of course.” The court then

asked Angela Spencer, McNeill’s mother-in-law, why she did not feel that Bayless was

protecting McNeill’s interests, and Spencer replied that Bayless “has not allowed her to

or helped her get a public defender,” and that he was retained for the “limited purpose”

and “limited engagement" to “discuss with the prosecutor the fact that the charges should

be dismissed.” When the court asked Bayless if the contract was for the limited purpose

of securing a dismissal of the charges, Bayless replied, “That was not explicitly stated,

Your Honor. It’s just in the representation of the theft charge.” After Spencer indicated

to the court that “it is [McNeill’s] right based on her income to be provided the services of

a public defender,” the court asked “Mr. Bowen” to interview McNeill, and after a break in

the proceedings, the court indicated it would appoint counsel to represent McNeill.

       {¶ 29} While McNeill may have been unfamiliar with the idiom “on the same page,”

we cannot conclude, as she asserts, that the transcript reflects she did not understand

the proceedings in the course of that exchange. She again conveyed to the court that

she was unable to afford to pay Bayless, and we conclude that any confusion reflected in

the transcript regarding her lack of familiarity with the isolated phrase, “on the same page,”

is not indicative of an overall lack of understanding of English.                Further, any

misunderstanding regarding the nature and extent of Bayless’ representation is akin to

that common among defendants in general who are not trained in the law and may have

unrealistic expectations of their lawyers’ ability to obtain a certain result.

       {¶ 30} McNeill further directs our attention to two instances in the trial transcript

where she indicated a lack of understanding of the questions asked of her. The first

exchange in McNeill’s direct testimony is as follows:
                                                                                            -19-


              Q. So when you selected these bracelets –

              A. Uh, I don’t understand.

              Q. I said, when you selected these bracelets, did you have the

       intention of buying those?

              A. What does that mean? I don’t understand it.

              Q. Did you have, were you going to buy those bracelets?

              A. Yeah, I just wanted to buy them but I forgot completely when I

       go to the register. Even the lady, the second one, she want to help me.

       She came to me, say um, Miss McNeill or excuse me, customer, you have

       something, you want to buy it? She, nobody offered that, as a customer.

       But I don’t mean to, to do that but you know, as a human, I forgot it, yes.

       {¶ 31} The second exchange is at the conclusion of McNeil’s’ direct examination

when McNeill testified that she was arrested at the store and taken to jail. It is as follows:

              Q. OK, and –

              A. And they don’t take me my car, but they take me in the police

       car. They bring me in here. And they take me out a stair. I don’t know

       exactly what is it, but they take me downstairs and then they tell me, say,

       they search me, everything, and another woman she come. And then they

       ask me questions. I tell them, say, “I don’t do this purposely. I forgot it.”

       Like, you know, it’s just like stupid, think I did it. I just, I say, “sorry.” You

       don’t fool me, you’re lying. You’re not supposed to do that. I say, I say,

       “Yes, but I’m not meaning to do that but, and I just forgot it.”

              Q. So you said, you were being stupid?
                                                                                     -20-


             A. Yeah, but that means, I’m not saying I’m stupid, but I forgot. I’m

      very stupid, yes. Yeah.

             ***

             Q. What were you referring to when you said, “I’m stupid”?

             ***

             THE COURT: Excuse me. Mr. Chavez, was the question, “What

      did you mean when you said, I was being stupid?”

             MR. CHAVEZ: Yes, Your Honor.

             ***

             THE COURT: Then that’s the question you need to answer, Miss

      McNeill. What did you mean when you said –

             A. I don’t understand what does that mean, but I just say, “I’m so

      sorry. I’m just, I forgot about it. I’m stupid.” But I forgot, that means, I

      say I’m stupid for myself.

             Q. So when you went to Kohl’s’ that day, did you have any intention

      to steal any items?

             A. No.

             Q. What was your intention?

             A. To buy stuff, to exchange my stuff.

      {¶ 32} We conclude, that in the above exchanges, McNeill effectively responded

to questions and communicated to the jury that she intended to exchange her items and

purchase the bracelet watches, but she asserted that as a result of human error, she

forgot that the watches were in her possession when she proceeded to the cash register.
                                                                                         -21-


McNeill further related her exchange with Faisick and Schneider in the office, where she

indicated that she was “stupid” to forget the bracelet watches, which she maintained she

did not intend to steal.

       {¶ 33} McNeill further directs our attention to the following exchange in the course

of her cross-examination:

              Q. Being a cashier, you have to interact with the public, is that right?

              A. Yes. I don’t understand, what does that mean, public?

              Q. Other people.

              A. Yes.

              Q. You have to talk with them?

              A. I can talk with them, they ask for the price.

              Q. Ask you a question? You have to –

              A. - -about the price. Uh hum.

              Q. - - to check a price?

              A. Yes.

              Q. You have to give them an answer?

              A. Yes.

       {¶ 34} When read in its entirety, the above exchange reflects that McNeill

understood that she was being asked if, in the course of her work, she was required to

communicate verbally with those around her, and that she responded affirmatively.

       {¶ 35} Finally, McNeill directs our attention to the following exchange that

occurred after the court imposed sentence:

              MR. CHAVEZ:       Do you have any questions about anything the
                                                                                       -22-


       Judge went over right now? The judge gave you court costs in the case.

       She did not fine you. She gave you thirty five days in jail. The Judge is

       suspending thirty of those days today, so the Judge is going – so you’ll have

       to serve five days. She’s giving you to June 8th to pay the court costs here.

       Do you have any questions about anything the Judge just went over?

              MS. MCNEILL: Can I talk to my mother in law?

       (Woman): She doesn’t understand.

              THE COURT: Do you have any questions, Miss - -

              MS. MCNEILL: I don’t understand the offer you want to - -

              THE COURT: You’re going to jail for five days beginning

       momentarily. I’m suspending thirty more days on two conditions. Number

       one, you are not again to commit any type of theft offense and number two,

       by the 9th day of June at nine a.m., you are to pay in full the costs of this

       case, minus the costs that were incurred on the 9th of February for the jury

       that was brought in and not used. That will be all today.

       {¶ 36} We cannot conclude that McNeill’s request to speak to her mother-in-law

at sentencing reflects a lack of understanding of the proceedings, and we find that her

grasp of English, though imperfect, is sufficient, since she understood and communicated

in English throughout the proceedings as demonstrated above.          In other words, we

cannot conclude that the trial court abused its discretion in denying her request for an

interpreter. McNeill’s first assignment of error is overruled.

       {¶ 37} McNeill’s second assignment of error is as follows:

              THE JUDGMENT OF THE TRIAL COURT IS AGAINST THE
                                                                                          -23-


       MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.

       {¶ 38} McNeill asserts that the “focus of the defense was that McNeill did not have

the intent or purpose to deprive Kohl’s of property as required for a conviction under R.C.

2913.02.” She argues that the “video from the store cameras shows McNeill place the

one bracelet on her wrist, but does not show how the other bracelets got into her purse.

It likewise does not show McNeill place any merchandise in the bag she brought with

items to exchange.” McNeill asserts that “the State’s case regarding this element is that

the items were there, she didn’t pay for them, so she must have had the purpose to

deprive Kohl’s of the property. However, this assumption is clearly and credibly refuted

by McNeill’s explanation that she simply forgot that the one bracelet was on her wrist as

well as the others that had fallen into her purse when she answered her phone thinking

there may be an issue with her daughter that was at a church program.” According to

McNeill, the “State attempted to argue that McNeill’s statement to Officer Evans, when

asked why she did it, that she was ‘being stupid’ amounted to a confession.” She asserts

that she “explained, however, through her broken English, that she had never had any

intent to steal anything and what she meant when she said she was being stupid was the

fact that she forgot about the bracelets on her wrist and in her purse made her feel stupid.”

McNeill asserts that “it is clear that the jury lost its way in weighing the evidence,

particularly as to the element of purpose to deprive, and thus created a manifest

miscarriage of justice.”

       {¶ 39} As this Court has noted:

              “[A] weight of the evidence argument challenges the believability of

       the evidence and asks which of the competing inferences suggested by the
                                                                                           -24-

       evidence is more believable or persuasive.” State v. Wilson, 2d Dist.

       Montgomery No. 22581, 2009–Ohio–525, ¶ 12; see Eastley v. Volkman,

       132    Ohio     St.3d    328,     2012–Ohio–2179,        972    N.E.2d     517,

       ¶ 19 (“ ‘manifest weight of the evidence’ refers to a greater amount of

       credible evidence and relates to persuasion”). When evaluating whether a

       conviction is against the manifest weight of the evidence, the appellate

       court must review the entire record, weigh the evidence and all reasonable

       inferences, consider witness credibility, and determine whether, in resolving

       conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact “clearly lost its way and created

       such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed

       and a new trial ordered.” State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387, 678

       N.E.2d 541 (1997), citing State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175, 485

       N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983). Because the trier of fact sees and hears the

       witnesses at trial, we must defer to the factfinder's decisions whether, and

       to what extent, to credit the testimony of particular witnesses. State v.

       Lawson, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 16288, 1997 WL 476684 (Aug. 22, 1997).

       A judgment of conviction should be reversed as being against the manifest

       weight of the evidence only in exceptional circumstances. Martin, at 175.

State v. King, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 27432, 2017-Ohio-8910, ¶ 9.

       {¶ 40} R.C. 2913.02 provides: “(A) No person, with purpose to deprive the owner

of property * * *, shall knowingly obtain or exert control over * * * the property * * * in any

of the following ways: (1) Without the consent of the owner or person authorized to give

consent.” The State was required to prove that McNeill acted purposely by acting with a
                                                                                          -25-


specific intent to deprive the owner of property.      R.C. 2901.22(A).    Pursuant to the

definition of “deprive” in R.C. 2913.01(C), the State could prove McNeill’s intent to deprive

the owner of property by establishing that she took property without giving proper

consideration or payment, or without reasonable justification or excuse for not giving

proper consideration or payment. R.C. 2913.01(C)(3).

       The Ohio Revised Code does not define what constitutes “reasonable

       justification or excuse” as applied to this element of a theft offense.

       Therefore, the jury was permitted to determine from the evidence, based on

       their collective experience and common sense, whether [the defendant’s]

       failure to pay for the items taken from the store was reasonably justified or

       excused.

State v. Campbell, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 26575, 2016-Ohio-598, ¶ 10.

       {¶ 41} We have reviewed the recordings from the store cameras, State’s Exhibits

A and C, and we conclude that they are consistent with Faisick’s testimony regarding her

observations of McNeill in the store and her being stopped after she passed the point of

sale. As noted above, McNeill effectively communicated at trial her claimed defense that

she did not intend to deprive Kohl’s of the eight bracelet watches and four pairs of shorts

found in her possession. The jury, however, observed McNeill testify, viewed State’s

Exhibits A and C, and clearly determined that she removed the property at issue from

Kohl’s without reasonable justification or excuse for her failure to pay. In other words, the

jury determined that McNeill’s justification or excuse for her failure to pay for the items,

namely that she “simply forgot” that the eight bracelet watches were in her possession,

and that a Kohl’s employee set her up by placing additional items in her bag, unbeknownst
                                                                                    -26-


to her, were not credible. We defer to the jury’s assessment of credibility. Having

reviewed the entire record, we cannot conclude that the jury lost its way and created a

manifest miscarriage of justice. Since McNeill’s conviction is not against the manifest

weight of the evidence, her second assignment of error is overruled.

      {¶ 42} The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.




                                    .............



FROELICH, J. and HALL, J., concur.



Copies mailed to:

Kayla E. Rowe
Matthew B. DiBartola
Michael R. Pentecost
Hon. Denise L. Moody
