                                   Illinois Official Reports

                                           Appellate Court



                             People v. Steele-Kumi, 2014 IL App (1st) 133068



Appellate Court               THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v.
Caption                       SCHAKIRA STEELE-KUMI, Defendant-Appellee.



District & No.                First District, First Division
                              Docket No. 1-13-3068



Filed                         November 17, 2014



Held                          Where defendant was found not guilty by reason of insanity on two
(Note: This syllabus          charges of aggravated battery, the application of consecutive
constitutes no part of the    sentences in the calculation of the Thiem date for defendant’s
opinion of the court but      maximum commitment was prohibited by the language of section
has been prepared by the      5-2-4(b) of the Unified Code of Corrections; therefore, the trial court
Reporter of Decisions         properly granted defendant’s petition under section 2-1401 of the
for the convenience of        Code of Civil Procedure to reduce her period of maximum
the reader.)                  commitment to three years and six months based on a maximum term
                              of seven years for one aggravated battery conviction with a day-
                              for-day good-conduct credit.




Decision Under                Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County, Nos. 10-CR-19806,
Review                        10-CR-20203; the Hon. Sharon Sullivan, Judge, presiding.




Judgment                      Affirmed.
     Counsel on              Anita M. Alvarez, State’s Attorney, of Chicago (Alan J. Spellberg and
     Appeal                  Judy L. DeAngelis, Assistant State’s Attorneys, of counsel), for the
                             People.

                             Edwin F. Mandel Legal Aid Clinic, of Chicago (Mark J. Heyrman, of
                             counsel), for appellee.



     Panel                   JUSTICE CUNNINGHAM delivered the judgment of the court, with
                             opinion.
                             Presiding Justice Delort and Justice Harris concurred in the judgment
                             and opinion.


                                              OPINION

¶1         The State appeals from an order reducing the maximum commitment period for
       defendant-appellee Schakira Steele-Kumi (defendant), who was found not guilty by reason of
       insanity on two charges of battery. The commitment period reflects the length of time that
       defendant would have served on a single sentence for one charge rather than consecutive
       sentences on both charges. We address whether the statutory provision requiring the
       calculation of an insanity acquittee’s maximum commitment period to reflect “the maximum
       sentence of the most serious crime for which he has been acquitted” is required to be
       calculated so as to incorporate consecutive sentences that would have been imposed had the
       defendant been convicted on multiple charges.

¶2                                          BACKGROUND
¶3         On October 25, 2010, defendant was arrested and charged with aggravated battery for
       allegedly striking a police officer who had responded to a call of a disturbance on a Chicago
       Transit Authority bus. Two days later, while in the custody of the Cook County sheriff and
       awaiting a bond hearing for the October 25 incident, defendant allegedly kicked a deputy
       sheriff in the abdomen. For that October 27, 2010 incident, defendant was again charged with
       aggravated battery. By agreement of the parties, the charges arising from these separate
       incidents were consolidated and tried in a single bench trial. On July 25, 2011, the defendant
       was found not guilty by reason of insanity with respect to both charges.
¶4         On November 1, 2011, at a hearing pursuant to section 5-2-4(a) of the Unified Code of
       Corrections (730 ILCS 5/5-2-4(a) (West 2010)), the trial court determined that the defendant
       was in need of mental health services on an inpatient basis and placed the defendant with the
       Department of Human Services. The court then conducted a hearing on November 7, 2011 to
       determine the maximum period of defendant’s commitment pursuant to section 5-2-4(b),
       which directs the court to assess “the maximum length of time that the defendant would have
       been required to serve, less credit for good behavior *** had he been convicted of and
       received the maximum sentence for the most serious crime for which he has been acquitted
       by reason of insanity.” 730 ILCS 5/5-2-4(b) (West 2010). The ending date of the maximum

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     commitment period calculated under section 5-2-4(b) is often referred to as the “Thiem date”
     in reference to People v. Thiem, 82 Ill. App. 3d 956 (1980).
¶5       At the November 7, 2011 hearing, the State argued that the defendant’s maximum
     commitment period should be seven years, and thus the Thiem date should be October 25,
     2017, seven years from the date of defendant’s arrest. The State argued that, had she been
     convicted on the aggravated battery charges, the defendant would have been required to serve
     consecutive sentences under section 5-8-4 of the Unified Code of Corrections. 730 ILCS
     5/5-8-4 (West 2010). Specifically, the State argued that defendant’s battery against a deputy
     sheriff while awaiting a bond hearing would implicate section 5-8-4(d)(8), which requires the
     imposition of consecutive sentences where “a person charged with a felony commits a
     separate felony while on pretrial release or in pretrial detention in a county jail facility or
     county detention facility.” 730 ILCS 5/5-8-4(d)(8) (West 2010). The State contended that, as
     each aggravated battery charge carried a maximum sentence of 7 years, the sentences served
     consecutively would amount to 14 years. Assuming that the time served would be reduced
     due to good behavior, which the parties agreed would be credited on a “day-for-day” basis,
     the State argued that the 14-year period would be reduced to 7 years. Thus, the State
     contended that seven years should be the applicable maximum period of confinement
     assessed pursuant to section 5-2-4(b). The record does not indicate that defendant’s counsel
     at that time, the Cook County public defender, raised any objection at the hearing to the
     State’s calculation. Accordingly, the trial court ordered that the defendant’s commitment was
     not to exceed seven years from the date of her arrest, or October 25, 2017.
¶6       Defendant, through the public defender, filed a notice of appeal on November 7, 2011.
     The notice appealed from the July 25, 2011 judgment of not guilty by reason of insanity and
     the “[Thiem] Date of October 25, 2017,” but did not otherwise specify any claimed error. On
     September 26, 2012, the public defender filed, in this court, a motion to dismiss the appeal
     alleging lack of appellate jurisdiction. The public defender cited our supreme court’s holding
     in People v. Harrison, 226 Ill. 2d 427 (2007), that a finding of not guilty by reason of
     insanity is an acquittal and thus not subject to appellate review. The public defender’s motion
     to dismiss the appeal stated that defendant had raised “no appeal from the postacquittal
     adjudication” and concluded that “in light of Harrison, and the non-existence of any
     postacquittal matters, the finding of [not guilty by reason of insanity] is not an appealable
     order.” This court granted the motion to dismiss defendant’s direct appeal on October 4,
     2012.
¶7       According to defendant, she did not consent to the public defender’s motion to dismiss
     her appeal. She subsequently obtained new legal counsel through the Mandel Legal Aid
     Clinic. On May 17, 2013, defendant filed a petition pursuant to section 2-1401 of the Code of
     Civil Procedure seeking reduction of the seven-year maximum commitment period ordered
     by the trial court. 735 ILCS 5/2-1401 (West 2010). The petition acknowledged the prior
     dismissal of her direct appeal and recognized that a finding of not guilty by reason of insanity
     is not an appealable order, but contended that she “only intended to appeal her Thiem date,”
     not the underlying acquittal by reason of insanity.
¶8       Defendant’s brief in support of her section 2-1401 petition argued that section 5-2-4(b) of
     the Unified Code of Corrections does not permit a maximum period of commitment premised
     on consecutive sentences. Defendant argued that under our decision in People v. Hampton,
     121 Ill. App. 3d 273 (1983), the commitment period calculated under section 5-2-4(b) must

                                                -3-
       reflect the sentence for only the single most serious crime charged and thus in her case only
       one of the two battery charges should have been taken into account. As either charge
       implicated a maximum seven-year sentence, which would be reduced by half with credit for
       good behavior, she argued that her maximum commitment period should have been assessed
       as three years and six months, half of the seven-year period ordered by the court. Thus, she
       submitted that her Thiem date should fall on April 25, 2014, not on October 25, 2017.
¶9         The State moved to strike defendant’s petition on June 6, 2013, contending that in
       calculating the Thiem date under section 5-2-4(b), “the trial court must refer to the existing
       sentencing scheme in determining the most severe and punitive punishment that could be
       imposed for a conviction.” The State contended that two separate sentencing provisions of
       the Unified Code of Corrections required the application of consecutive sentences given the
       defendant’s circumstances. Specifically, the State noted that section 5-8-4(d)(8) requires
       consecutive sentences when a felony is committed while in pretrial detention for a prior
       felony, and that section 5-8-4(d)(8.5) also requires consecutive sentences where a person
       commits a battery against a sheriff’s employee while in pretrial detention. 730 ILCS
       5/5-8-4(d)(8), (8.5) (West 2010). Under these sentencing provisions, the State argued, “the
       maximum period of confinement for defendant must be computed based on the two cases
       being run consecutively.” According to the State’s calculation, “the maximum sentence for
       these two cases is 7+7 or an aggregate sentence of 14 years. Because the sentences are served
       with day for day credit, the maximum period of confinement is one half of 14 years, that is 7
       years from October 25, 2010.”
¶ 10       The State further argued that “had the legislature intended to limit the imposition of a
       consecutive sentence” in calculating the Thiem date, “it could have enacted such limiting
       language” and thus the court should not “read a limitation into the statute.” The State further
       argued that defendant’s reliance on Hampton was misplaced because, whereas the Hampton
       defendant “was convicted of two counts in a single case, murder and attempt[ed] murder,”
       the defendant here “had two separate cases that under two separate statutes are mandatorily
       consecutive in sentencing.” Thus, the State argued that to not apply consecutive sentences in
       defendant’s Thiem date calculation would “render meaningless the fact that these are separate
       cases on different days.”
¶ 11       Defendant’s response urged that section 5-8-4(d)(8)’s provisions regarding consecutive
       sentences were inapplicable. First, defendant argued that the statute “is only relevant when a
       person has been convicted of at least two crimes,” whereas defendant had been acquitted by
       reason of insanity. Defendant also argued that consecutive sentences were inapplicable
       because “a Thiem date may only be premised on the sentence for a single crime charged”
       under section 5-2-4(b)’s instruction to calculate the commitment period by reference to the
       sentence for “the most serious crime for which [defendant] has been acquitted.” 730 ILCS
       5/5-2-4(b) (West 2010). Because the statute uses the singular term “crime,” defendant
       argued, the Thiem calculation could not consider consecutive sentences for multiple crimes.
       Responding to the State’s claim that Hampton was inapposite, defendant argued that the
       Hampton court had prohibited consecutive sentences in the Thiem date calculation even when
       the underlying crimes were “separate and distinct offenses.” Defendant thus contended that
       Hampton had “resolved the exact issue present in the instant case” and held “that a Thiem
       date cannot be premised on consecutive sentences.”



                                                  -4-
¶ 12        The trial court heard oral argument on the defendant’s section 2-1401 petition on July 31,
       2013. Defendant’s counsel argued the issue was controlled by section 5-2-4(b)’s language
       that the period of commitment “shall not exceed the maximum length of time that the
       defendant would have been required to serve *** had he been convicted of and received the
       maximum sentence for the most serious crime for which he ha[d] been acquitted by reason of
       insanity.” 730 ILCS 5/5-2-4(b) (West 2010). Defendant’s counsel argued that due to the
       singular language of “most serious crime,” as interpreted in Hampton, the trial court could
       not consider more than one crime and thus “consecutive sentences were impermissible” in
       the Thiem date calculation.
¶ 13        The State emphasized that section 5-2-4(b) requires reference to the sentencing
       provisions of the Unified Code of Corrections, which include consecutive sentencing
       provisions. The State also argued that the legislature could have but did not explicitly bar
       reference to consecutive sentencing in calculation of the Thiem date. The State further argued
       that since application of the extended-term sentencing statute to the Thiem calculation had
       been allowed in other cases, the consecutive sentencing provisions should likewise be
       applicable.
¶ 14        The State again urged that Hampton did not preclude reference to consecutive sentencing
       provisions because the underlying batteries by defendant comprised “two separate cases.”
       Specifically, the State argued that it could have brought two separate cases against defendant,
       whereas Hampton was “one case in which the defendant committed and was tried at one time
       for a murder and an attempt[ed] murder.” The State thus argued that defendant’s Thiem date
       should reflect “the maximum amount of time she could have received on each of the separate
       case[s] [of] aggravated battery run consecutively as required by the sentencing statute.”
¶ 15        The trial court, although noting “this was a novel issue,” reasoned that “the language is
       actually very clear in section 5-2-4(b) in calculating the [Thiem] date.” The court agreed with
       defendant’s interpretation of the statute, emphasizing that “[t]he plain language states that it
       is the maximum sentence for the most serious crime” and noting that this phrase “is in the
       singular.” The court also agreed that Hampton was the “controlling case” on the question and
       relied on that decision’s conclusion that the phrase “most serious crime” was “singular.” The
       trial court reasoned that under Hampton, “it is inappropriate to allow consecutive sentences
       of commitment following a not guilty by reason of insanity [verdict].” The court remarked
       that Hampton “has been on the books since 1983, has been interpreted as meaning a singular
       offense. And the State legislature has never sought to change that.”
¶ 16        The court thus ruled that “the [Thiem] date should be for the singular [most] serious
       crime” and held the defendant’s maximum period of commitment should be reduced to three
       years and six months to reflect a sentence for only one charge rather than consecutive
       sentences. Accordingly, the trial court entered an order modifying the Thiem date to April 25,
       2014, three and a half years after the defendant’s arrest.
¶ 17        On August 16, 2013, the State filed a motion to reconsider, arguing that “the Court was
       mistaken in not using the mandatory consecutive statutes to determine the Thiem date.” The
       State contended that section 5-8-4(d)(8) mandated consecutive sentences for defendant, as
       she was “charged with a felony while on pretrial release or in pretrial detention” and that
       section 5-8-4(d)(8.5) independently mandated consecutive sentences “where a person
       commits a battery against a county correctional officer while in pretrial detention.” The State
       argued that “under these statutes defendant’s Thiem date must be computed using the

                                                  -5-
       maximum sentence that could have been imposed on each case and run consecutively.” The
       State again argued that Hampton’s holding was limited to the “imposition of consecutive
       sentences on two or more counts in the same case,” but did not preclude consecutive
       sentences “for new crimes that a defendant commits while in pretrial detention for another
       case.” The State thus asserted that Hampton did not bar application of consecutive sentences
       to the defendant’s Thiem date calculation because her battery charges comprised different
       “cases.”
¶ 18       The trial court heard argument on the motion to reconsider on September 12, 2013. The
       State reiterated that section 5-2-4(b) requires reference to the broader sentencing scheme,
       which in turn mandated consecutive sentences upon defendant. The State urged that
       Hampton only applied to counts within a single case but did not control here as it “did not
       involve a person who had one case who was in pretrial detention and picked up another new
       case.” Because the defendant “ha[d] two separate cases,” the State urged the court to restore
       the original seven-year commitment period reflecting consecutive sentences.
¶ 19       In response, defendant’s counsel cited Hampton’s finding that section 5-2-4(b)’s phrase
       “the most serious crime” is singular and thus “even if [defendant] could get a consecutive
       sentence if convicted” of multiple crimes, “that doesn’t matter for [Thiem] dates.” Defendant
       also argued that the statutory language did not distinguish whether or not the crimes were in
       the same “case” and thus this concept was irrelevant to the Thiem date. Defendant argued that
       under Hampton the court must apply the statutory phrase “most serious crime” such that only
       one offense could affect the defendant’s Thiem date calculation.
¶ 20       In its ruling, the trial court agreed that section 5-2-4(b)’s phrase “the most serious crime
       for which [defendant was] acquitted by reason of insanity” is “in the singular. It doesn’t say
       crimes. It doesn’t say cases. It doesn’t say offenses. It says singular crime.” The court
       acknowledged that Hampton had reviewed the same phrase and found that “ ‘[t]he most
       serious crime’ is singular, contemplating that there could [be] more than one offense
       committed for which a defendant could be acquitted.” The trial court further cited Hampton’s
       reasoning that if “the legislature had intended to provide for consecutive periods of
       commitment, it could have clarified [section 5-2-4(b)] via express language to that effect,”
       adding that “since [Hampton] came down in 1983, there has been no change in the language
       of that statute.”
¶ 21       In denying the motion to reconsider, the court also found that the State’s argument about
       “whether offenses are within a singular case or separate cases *** misses the point.”
       Concluding that it “ha[d] to follow the clear language of the statute,” the trial court
       reaffirmed its order granting defendant’s petition to modify the Thiem date to three years and
       six months following the defendant’s arrest. On October 1, 2013, the State filed a notice of
       appeal from the orders granting the defendant’s section 2-1401 petition and denying its
       motion to reconsider.

¶ 22                                           ANALYSIS
¶ 23       As the State filed a timely notice of appeal from an order granting relief under a petition
       pursuant to section 2-1401 of the Code of Civil Procedure, we have jurisdiction under Illinois
       Supreme Court Rule 304(b)(3) (eff. Feb. 26, 2010). As set forth in the State’s appellate brief,
       the issue presented is “[w]hether the circuit court improperly interpreted [section 5-2-4(b)]
       when it determined that, after being found not guilty by reason of insanity, defendant’s

                                                  -6-
       maximum period of involuntary commitment, or Thiem date, was April 25, 2014, rather than
       October 25, 2017.” The issue in this appeal is one of statutory interpretation, which is a
       question of law. Accordingly, our standard of review is de novo. Williams v. Staples, 208 Ill.
       2d 480, 487 (2004).
¶ 24       We begin our analysis by reviewing the relevant statutory provisions. Section 5-2-4 of the
       Unified Code of Corrections sets forth the proceedings that follow an acquittal by reason of
       insanity. 730 ILCS 5/5-2-4 (West 2010). First, section 5-2-4(a) requires the Department of
       Human Services to conduct an evaluation of the acquitted defendant “as to whether he is in
       need of mental health services” on either an inpatient or outpatient basis and to present such
       evaluation to the court. 730 ILCS 5/5-2-4(a) (West 2010). The court is also required to
       conduct a hearing to determine if the acquitted individual is in need of mental health services
       on an inpatient basis or an outpatient basis or not in need of such services; if the court finds
       that inpatient mental health services are necessary, the court must order the defendant to the
       Department of Human Services. 730 ILCS 5/5-2-4(a) (West 2010).
¶ 25       Section 5-2-4(b) instructs that “[i]f the Court finds the defendant in need of mental health
       services on an inpatient basis *** the initial order for admission of a defendant acquitted of a
       felony by reason of insanity shall be for an indefinite period of time.” 730 ILCS 5/5-2-4(b)
       (West 2010). This provision requires the court to enter an order specifying the initial
       maximum period of commitment, instructing that: “Such period of commitment shall not
       exceed the maximum length of time that the defendant would have been required to serve,
       less credit for good behavior as provided in Section 5-4-1 of the Unified Code of Corrections,
       before becoming eligible for release had he been convicted of and received the maximum
       sentence for the most serious crime for which he has been acquitted by reason of insanity.”
       Id. In other words, as explained by our supreme court, “section 5-2-4(b) requires the trial
       judge to determine the maximum length of time that the defendant could have been confined
       upon a criminal conviction, and to use that period as the maximum length of the defendant’s
       commitment.” People v. Pastewski, 164 Ill. 2d 189, 202 (1995). “This maximum length of
       time [of commitment] is known as the defendant’s Thiem date.” Williams v. Staples, 208 Ill.
       2d 480, 483-84 (2004) (citing People v. Thiem, 82 Ill. App. 3d 956 (1980)). Our supreme
       court has characterized the calculation of the maximum commitment period under section
       5-2-4(b) as “the performance of what is essentially a ministerial task.” Pastewski, 164 Ill. 2d
       at 201 (noting that the trial court lacks “discretion to select, as a maximum period of
       commitment, a time other than the longest span provided by statute”).
¶ 26       As the State points out, calculation of the Thiem date under section 5-2-4(b) requires
       reference to the sentencing provisions of the Unified Code of Corrections in order to
       determine the maximum length of time that the defendant would have been required to serve
       had she been “convicted of and received the maximum sentence for the most serious crime
       for which [s]he has been acquitted by reason of insanity.” 730 ILCS 5/5-2-4(b) (West 2010).
       Here, the parties do not dispute that each of defendant’s aggravated battery charges, standing
       alone, would result in a maximum seven-year sentence under the sentencing provisions in
       effect at the time of the commission of the offenses in 2010. See 720 ILCS 5/12-4(b)(18),
       (e)(2) (West 2010) (aggravated battery against a peace officer is a Class 2 felony); 730 ILCS
       5/5-4.5-35(a) (West 2010) (Class 2 felony warrants sentence of three to seven years). The
       parties also agree that, taking into account sentencing credit for good behavior as required
       under the section 5-2-4(b) calculation, the actual time served under each count would be


                                                  -7-
       reduced by half, from seven years to three years and six months. See 730 ILCS
       5/3-6-3(a)(2.1) (West 2010) (providing, subject to certain exceptions, that “a prisoner who is
       serving a term of imprisonment shall receive one day of good conduct credit for each day of
       his or her sentence of imprisonment”).
¶ 27       The crux of the parties’ dispute is whether the Thiem date calculation under section
       5-2-4(b) should incorporate sentences for one or both counts of aggravated battery for which
       defendant was acquitted by reason of insanity. The State argues that since convictions on the
       battery counts would mandate imposition of consecutive sentences under the Unified Code of
       Corrections, the maximum commitment period must reflect the time that would be served on
       two consecutive sentences. The State argues that the circumstances of defendant’s second
       battery would implicate two provisions of section 5-8-4(d) of the Unified Code of
       Corrections, which sets forth circumstances when a court is required to impose consecutive
       sentences upon conviction of multiple offenses. First, section 5-8-4(d)(8) provides: “If a
       person charged with a felony commits a separate felony while on pretrial release or in pretrial
       detention in a county jail facility or county detention facility, then the sentences imposed
       upon conviction of these felonies shall be served consecutively regardless of the order in
       which the judgments of conviction are entered.” 730 ILCS 5/5-8-4(d)(8) (West 2010).
       Separately, section 5-8-4(d)(8.5) provides: “If a person commits a battery against a county
       correctional officer or sheriff’s employee while serving a sentence or in pretrial detention in a
       county jail facility, then the sentence imposed upon conviction of the battery shall be served
       consecutively with the sentence imposed upon conviction of the earlier misdemeanor or
       felony ***.” 730 ILCS 5/5-8-4(d)(8.5) (West 2010). Under either provision, the State argues,
       conviction on defendant’s battery charges would require her to serve 2 consecutive 7-year
       terms, totaling 14 years. After reducing for good behavior credit on a day-for-day basis, the
       State argues that the maximum period of commitment under section 5-2-4(b) should be seven
       years.
¶ 28       In its appeal, the State asserts that the trial court “completely disregarded the legislature’s
       clear dictate” requiring consecutive sentences when it recalculated defendant’s Thiem date to
       reflect only one of the two battery charges. The State argues that by not incorporating
       consecutive sentences in the calculation, the trial court improperly ignored the consecutive
       sentencing provisions of section 5-8-4(d) and thus violated section 5-2-4(b)’s mandate to
       refer to the Unified Code of Corrections to determine the maximum commitment period. The
       State contends that under the governing sentencing scheme, seven years was the “ ‘maximum
       length of time that the defendant would have been required to serve less credit for good
       behavior’ ” for “the two separate crimes” for which defendant was found not guilty by reason
       of insanity.
¶ 29       For the reasons that follow, we reject the State’s arguments and agree with the trial court
       that the Thiem date calculation under section 5-2-4(b) should reflect the maximum sentence
       that would result from conviction on only one of the two battery charges against defendant.
       We thus affirm the reduction of the maximum commitment period from seven years to three
       years and six months.
¶ 30       We are persuaded, as was the trial court, that this issue is governed by the plain language
       of section 5-2-4(b) regarding calculation of the maximum commitment period, specifically
       the instruction to apply “the maximum sentence for the most serious crime for which
       [defendant] has been acquitted by reason of insanity.” 730 ILCS 5/5-2-4(b) (West 2010). We

                                                    -8-
       conclude here, as we did in the Hampton decision issued in 1983, that this singular phrase in
       section 5-2-4(b) precludes the incorporation of consecutive sentences in the Thiem date
       calculation.
¶ 31        As Hampton was expressly relied upon by the trial court, we discuss that decision in
       detail. In Hampton, the defendant was found not guilty by reason of insanity for the murder
       of one victim and the attempted murder of another. Hampton, 121 Ill. App. 3d at 274.
       Following the acquittal, the trial court “found the murder and attempted murder to be
       separate and distinct offenses committed at a different time and place for which consecutive
       sentence[s] would be appropriate,” and the court calculated a maximum period of
       commitment of 22 years and 6 months. Id. Defendant argued on appeal “that this period of
       commitment actually represented *** two consecutive 11-year 3-month periods of maximum
       commitment for both murder and attempted murder, since the court had previously found
       these offenses to be separate and distinct acts.” Id. at 275. Defendant asserted that the murder
       and attempted murder, which had occurred only minutes apart, “constituted a single
       psychotic episode, not subject to consecutive sentences or consecutive commitments.” Id.
¶ 32        The State in Hampton argued that the murder and attempted murder offenses, “although
       related in time, involved separate elements and separate victims, and therefore the imposition
       of consecutive sentences would have been proper had the defendant been found guilty.” Id.
       The State contended that “since these separate offenses would be subject to consecutive
       sentences, they should also be subject to separate periods of commitment.” Id.
¶ 33        On appeal, our court “agree[d] that the defendant’s actions constituted two separate and
       distinct offenses” as urged by the State. Id. Nevertheless, upon reviewing the statutory
       language, we “disagree[d] that section 5-2-4(b) authorizes the imposition of consecutive
       periods of commitment for these offenses.” Id. We emphasized that “[t]he terms of section
       5-2-4(b) provide a maximum commitment formula ‘for the most serious crime for which
       [defendant] has been acquitted by reason of insanity.’ ” (Emphasis in original.) Id. at 276
       (quoting Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 38, ¶ 1005-2-4(b)). Noting that the “language of this statute
       shall be given its plain meaning,” we held that the phrase “ ‘[t]he most serious crime’ is
       singular, contemplating that there could be more than one offense committed for which a
       defendant could be acquitted.” (Emphasis in original.) Id. We reasoned that if “the legislature
       had intended to provide for consecutive periods of commitment, it could have clarified this
       statute via express language to that effect,” but that “[a]bsent any express intent to the
       contrary, we must read section 5-2-4(b) to be in accord with the ordinary use and meaning of
       its terms.” Id.
¶ 34        Noting that “the prime consideration in construing [a] statutory enactment is to give
       effect to the intent of the legislature,” our decision in Hampton also discussed the purpose of
       the commitment period called for by section 5-2-4. Id. We recognized that the United States
       Supreme Court had recently “held that the purpose of commitment, following an insanity
       acquittal, is the treatment of the committed acquittee’s mental illness ***, as well as the
       protection of both acquittee and society from the acquittee’s potential dangerousness.” Id.
       (citing Jones v. United States, 463 U.S. 354, 368 (1983)). We noted that whereas a
       postconviction sentence of incarceration implicates “factors of retribution, deterrence and
       rehabilitation,” “different considerations are involved when a defendant is committed
       following a verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity,” as such “an acquittee has not been
       convicted and should not be punished.” Id. at 277 (citing Jones, 463 U.S. at 369).

                                                  -9-
¶ 35        We concluded, “given the plain language of [section 5-2-4(b)], that it was the intent of
       the legislature to provide for a period of involuntary commitment which concentrated on the
       treatment of the mentally disturbed acquittee.” Id. We then reasoned that: “[S]ection 5-2-4(b)
       does not permit consecutive involuntary commitments, as this would be contrary to the
       legislature’s intent to provide an indefinite period of commitment for the treatment of the
       acquittee’s mental illness. It follows, therefore, that the statute references the maximum
       period of commitment to the most serious crime, as all offenses result from the same mental
       illness.” (Emphasis in original.) Id. at 277-78. Holding that section 5-2-4(b) required
       calculation of “the most punitive sanction *** for the most serious crime charged,” we
       vacated the trial court’s order applying consecutive sentences and reduced the defendant’s
       commitment period to reflect the time that would be served upon conviction for the single
       charge of murder. Id. at 278.
¶ 36        Notably, this court in 1986 confirmed Hampton and applied its logic to nearly identical
       language in section 104-28(a) of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963, which limited the
       confinement period of an individual found unfit to stand trial to the time the defendant would
       have served had he been “ ‘convicted of the most serious offense charged and had he
       received the maximum sentence therefor.’ ” Kulak v. Belletire, 148 Ill. App. 3d 268, 269-70
       (1986) (quoting Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 38, ¶ 104-28(a)). The Kulak plaintiff appealed from a
       trial court’s decision permitting consecutive sentences in determining this period. Id. at
       270-71. Relying on our discussion of the singular phrase “most serious crime” in Hampton,
       we held that application of consecutive sentences likewise conflicted with the phrases
       “ ‘most serious offense charged’ ” and “ ‘maximum sentence’ ” in section 104-28(a). Id. at
       272-73. We held that if the legislature had intended the period to reflect multiple offenses, “it
       would have used the words ‘offenses’ and ‘sentences,’ ” and thus the “failure to use the
       plural *** is a clear indication that it intended to determine the maximum period *** based
       on only one offense and one sentence.” Id. at 273. Thus, “in light of our interpretation of
       substantially identical language in Hampton,” we held that “consecutive sentencing is also
       prohibited under section 104-28(a).” Id.
¶ 37        The logic of Hampton, reaffirmed in Kulak, also applies to this appeal. That is, the
       singular phrase “most serious crime” simply cannot be reconciled with the application of
       consecutive sentences. As we said in Hampton, this phrase “contemplat[es] that there could
       be more than one offense committed for which a defendant could be acquitted” (Hampton,
       121 Ill. App. 3d at 276), but the statute’s plain language limits the Thiem calculation to a
       single sentence for a single crime.
¶ 38        As we observed in Hampton, the legislature could have easily employed language
       encompassing the potential sentences for all charged crimes rather than limiting the
       calculation to “the maximum sentence for the most serious crime.” For instance, the statute
       could have instructed the court to calculate the maximum sentence for “any crimes for which
       he was acquitted,” “all crimes for which he was acquitted,” or simply “the crime (or crimes)
       for which he was acquitted.” But the modifying term “most serious,” coupled with the
       singular “crime,” makes clear that the sentence for only one crime is to be considered in the
       calculation. Likewise, the legislature could have omitted the phrase “most serious crime” and
       directed calculation of the Thiem period based on the “maximum sentence sought by the
       prosecution” or simply the “maximum potential,” “maximum permissible,” or “maximum
       possible” sentence. Such language could encompass multiple offenses. Nevertheless, the


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       legislature chose the singular “most serious crime.” Indeed, as the legislature has elected not
       to modify this phrase in the over 30 years since we analyzed it in Hampton, our conclusion
       that the legislative intent of “most serious crime” is singular is all the more supported.
¶ 39       Notably, the State does not dispute that the phrase “most serious crime” is singular or
       attempt to argue how it could be reconciled with application of sentences for multiple crimes.
       Nor does the State contend that Hampton was wrongly decided. Rather, the State argues
       Hampton is distinguishable on other grounds. First, the State notes that Hampton’s facts did
       not implicate the mandatory consecutive sentencing provisions that would apply to
       defendant’s battery of a sheriff’s officer while detained on a prior battery charge.
       Accordingly, the State argues that the trial court “completely ignored” these sentencing
       provisions and violated the legislature’s intent when it determined that it could not apply
       consecutive sentences in defendant’s Thiem calculation.
¶ 40       This arguments fails in light of section 5-2-4(b)’s unequivocal language governing
       calculation of the Thiem date based on the single most serious crime. We recognize that, had
       defendant been convicted on both battery charges, the defendant’s alleged battery of an
       officer while awaiting a bond hearing might require imposition of consecutive sentences
       under either or both section 5-8-4(d)(8) and section 5-8-4(d)(8.5).1 Nevertheless, our holding
       that section 5-2-4(b) precludes reference to consecutive sentences does not ignore or
       contradict these statutory provisions. While the section 5-2-4(b) calculation of the “maximum
       sentence for the most serious crime” requires reference to other provisions of the Unified
       Code of Corrections, its plain language refers to one sentence for one crime. Application of
       consecutive sentences necessarily involves sentences for multiple crimes and would thus be
       contrary to section 5-2-4(b)’s “most serious crime” calculation. Thus, consecutive sentences
       simply cannot factor into the Thiem date determination, regardless of whether the underlying
       facts may have justified consecutive sentences if the defendant had been convicted of the
       charged offenses.
¶ 41       We also address the State’s contention that the failure to apply consecutive sentencing
       statutes to defendant’s Thiem calculation contradicts case law permitting application of other
       sentencing statutes in setting the Thiem date. The State relies heavily on our supreme court’s
       holding that the Thiem date for an insanity acquittee with a prior criminal record may reflect
       an enhanced sentence under section 5-5-3.2(b)(1) of the Unified Code of Corrections (Ill.
       Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 38, ¶ 1005-5-3.2(b)(1)), which “allow[ed] the imposition of an
       extended-term sentence on a felon who *** has previously been convicted of committing a
       felony.” People v. Pastewski, 164 Ill. 2d 189, 196 (1995).
¶ 42       We do not find Pastewski applicable, as it did not concern whether multiple sentences are
       permitted in the section 5-2-4(b) calculation. Pastewski involved defendants who had been
       convicted of burglary prior to their acquittal by reason of insanity on unrelated charges.

           1
             Since we hold that consecutive sentences are inapplicable to the Thiem calculation due to the
       express language of section 5-2-4(b), we need not decide whether defendant’s battery while awaiting
       bond hearing falls within the scope of “pretrial detention in a county jail facility or county detention
       facility” under section 5-8-4(d)(8) (730 ILCS 5/5-8-4(d)(8) (West 2010)), or whether the battery was
       committed “against a county correctional officer or sheriff’s employee while serving a sentence or in
       pretrial detention in a county jail facility” under the language of section 5-8-4(d)(8.5) (730 ILCS
       5/5-8-4(d)(8.5) (West 2010)).

                                                     - 11 -
       “[T]he trial court determined that the defendants’ prior criminal records would have qualified
       them for extended-term sentences under section 5-5-3.2(b)(1) *** if the defendants had been
       found guilty of the present charges.” Id. at 193-94. The Pastewski defendants argued that
       application of the extended-term provision was “punitive” in nature and “inconsistent with
       the nature of an insanity acquittal.” Id. at 196. Our supreme court disagreed and found “no
       conflict between the successful assertion of an insanity defense and use of the recidivism
       provision of the extended-term statute in determining the maximum commitment period.” Id.
       at 197.
¶ 43        Pastewski does not alter our conclusion here. Whether other provisions of the Unified
       Code of Corrections may enhance the single hypothetical “maximum sentence” under section
       5-2-4(b) is a distinct question from whether the calculation may incorporate multiple
       sentences for different offenses. Although Pastewski held that prior convictions could be
       taken into account in determining the “maximum sentence,” it did not address whether the
       calculation could reflect sentences for multiple charges for which the defendant has been
       acquitted by reason of insanity. Accordingly, the Pastewski holding has no bearing on
       whether section 5-2-4(b) permits the maximum commitment period to reflect consecutive
       sentences.
¶ 44        Likewise, the State’s reliance on People v. Cross, 274 Ill. App. 3d 159 (1995), is also
       unavailing. In Cross, the trial court determined that “a natural life sentence [was] to be
       utilized as the maximum period of defendant’s involuntary commitment” under section
       5-2-4(b) after defendant was found not guilty by reason of insanity for two murders. Id. at
       161. The sole issue on appeal was whether a term of commitment for natural life was
       permissible under section 5-2-4(b). Id. In holding that “a sentence of natural life may be
       utilized as the maximum period of commitment” under section 5-2-4(b) (id. at 163), we noted
       that a separate provision of the Unified Code of Corrections mandated a term of natural life
       imprisonment for a defendant “found guilty of murdering more than one victim.” Id. (citing
       Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 38, ¶ 1005-8-1(a)(1)(c)). Although Cross approved a single sentence
       of natural life as the basis for the Thiem calculation, it did not address the use of multiple
       sentences and thus does not impact our holding that consecutive sentences are inapplicable in
       assessing the “maximum sentence for the most serious crime” under section 5-2-4(b).
¶ 45        Finally, we address the State’s argument that Hampton is inapplicable because it
       concerned crimes committed in the “same case,” whereas the batteries committed by
       defendant occurred on separate days and could have been prosecuted as separate cases. The
       State implies that, had defendant been found not guilty by reason of insanity in separate
       proceedings on both battery incidents, she would be subject to two consecutive periods of
       commitment. As the State did not elect to bring separate cases, we are not faced with and
       need not address that hypothetical situation. However, we note the State cites no
       post-Hampton decision permitting consecutive periods of commitment after separate
       prosecutions and insanity acquittals.
¶ 46        Moreover, the State’s reliance on the concept of separate “cases” is undermined by the
       Hampton decision itself. Indeed, the State in Hampton unsuccessfully asserted a nearly
       identical argument in seeking consecutive commitment periods for the charges of murder and
       attempted murder. The State “contend[ed] that these offenses, although related in time,
       involved separate elements and separate victims, and therefore the imposition of consecutive
       sentences would have been proper had the defendants been found guilty of the offenses.”

                                                 - 12 -
       Hampton, 121 Ill. App. 3d at 275. “[S]ince these separate offenses would be subject to
       consecutive sentences,” the State argued, “they should also be subject to separate periods of
       commitment.” Id. Although the Hampton court expressly agreed that the murder and
       attempted murder were “two separate and distinct offenses” (id.), we nevertheless held that
       application of consecutive sentences would conflict with section 5-2-4(b)’s directive to
       consider only the single most serious crime. Id. at 276. Given our holding in Hampton that
       even “separate and distinct offenses” do not justify use of consecutive sentences in
       calculating the maximum commitment period, we see no reason to depart from its logic
       based on whether the State could have prosecuted offenses in separate cases.
¶ 47       Instead, we agree with the trial court that the State’s reliance on whether the offenses
       could constitute multiple cases “misses the point” in light of the clear statutory language that
       the maximum period of commitment is to be gauged by the “maximum sentence for the most
       serious crime for which he has been acquitted by reason of insanity.” We note that this
       language appears in the current version of section 5-2-4(b) just as it did when Hampton was
       decided. Thus, a plain reading of the statute leads to the same conclusion that the phrase “is
       singular” and that if “the legislature had intended to provide for consecutive periods of
       commitment, it could have clarified this statute via express language to that effect.” Id.
¶ 48       After reviewing this question of statutory interpretation de novo, we agree with the trial
       court that application of consecutive sentences in the Thiem date calculation is prohibited by
       the plain language of section 5-2-4(b) of the Unified Code of Corrections. As we held in
       Hampton, the statutory directive to assess the maximum commitment period by reference to
       the “maximum sentence for the most serious crime for which [defendant] has been acquitted
       by reason of insanity” (730 ILCS 5/5-2-4(b) (West 2010)) is singular and does not permit
       consideration of consecutive sentences for multiple crimes. Accordingly, independent
       provisions of the Unified Code of Corrections regarding consecutive sentences upon
       conviction do not factor into the Thiem date calculation upon acquittal by reason of insanity.
       We thus agree with the trial court that the defendant’s maximum commitment calculation
       under section 5-2-4(b) should reflect only one of the two battery charges for which she was
       acquitted by reason of insanity. Thus, the trial court correctly granted defendant’s section
       2-1401 petition to reduce the maximum commitment period from seven years to three years
       and six months and correctly denied the State’s motion to reconsider that order.
¶ 49       For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County.

¶ 50      Affirmed.




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