Filed 3/3/16 In re Madeline H. CA2/2
                  NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.


              IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                     SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                  DIVISION TWO


In re Madeline H., a Person Coming Under                             B265117
the Juvenile Court Law.                                              (Los Angeles County
                                                                     Super. Ct. No. CK71235)


LOS ANGELES COUNTY
DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND
FAMILY SERVICES,

         Plaintiff and Respondent,

         v.

Johnny H.,

         Defendant and Appellant.



         APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County.
Stephen Marpet, Juvenile Court Referee. Affirmed.
         Donna Balderston Kaiser, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for
Defendant and Appellant.
         Mary C. Wickham, Interim County Counsel, Dawyn R. Harrison, Assistant
County Counsel, and Kimberly A. Roura, Deputy County Counsel, for Plaintiff and
Respondent.
         No appearance for Minor.
                                         ******
       Johnny H. (father) appeals the juvenile court’s jurisdictional finding that he
“nonaccidentally” placed his infant daughter at risk of serious physical harm by leaving
her in the custody of her mother, Roxanne G. (mother). Substantial evidence supports
this finding, so we affirm.
                     FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
                                                                  1
       In July 2014, Madeline H. was born to mother and father. Since her birth, mother
and father have lived apart. Father has visited Madeline “once in a while” and has
sometimes spent the night with mother.
       During one of his visits the week of January 11, 2015, mother became upset with
father as he tried to leave. She threw a car seat at father—while Madeline was still in the
seat—and told him to take the baby with him. Father put Madeline down, told mother
not to take their problems out on the baby, and got into his car to leave. Mother then
“socked him in the mouth.” Father drove away.
       In the early morning hours of January 18, 2015, father rebuffed mother’s requests
to come visit him. Mother then got into a heated exchange on the phone with one of
father’s female friends who was at father’s residence. Although mother had been
drinking alcohol, she put Madeline in her car and drove over to father’s residence; she
brought along two metal paint scrapers and a 12-inch crescent wrench. Immediately after
arriving at father’s residence, mother and father’s female friend got into a fight; mother,
the friend, and two more of father’s friends suffered cuts and bruises to their faces before
mother was restrained. Father called police, and mother was arrested for assault with a
deadly weapon, child endangerment and making criminal threats.
       As a result of this incident and an ensuing investigation, the Los Angeles County
Department of Children and Family Services (Department) filed a petition in March 2015


1       Both mother and father have children with other people; father also lives with a
woman who has a child from another man. None of these other children are involved in
this case.
                                            2
urging the juvenile court to assert dependency jurisdiction over Madeline on several
                                                                                       2
grounds. Invoking Welfare and Institutions Code section 300, subdivision (a), the
Department alleged that Madeline is at substantial risk of having serious physical harm
inflicted nonaccidentally upon her due to (a) mother and father’s “history of engaging in
violent altercations” (count a-1), and (b) mother’s violent behavior on January 18, 2015
and father’s “fail[ure] to protect . . . Madeline . . . [by] allow[ing] [her] to reside in . . .
mother’s home and allow[ing] . . . mother to have unlimited access to [her]” (count a-2).
Invoking section 300, subdivision (b), the Department alleged that Madeline is at
substantial risk of serious physical harm due to the parents’ willful or negligent failure to
protect her from that harm due to (a) mother’s and father’s “history of engaging in violent
altercations” (count b-1), (b) mother’s violent behavior on January 18, 2015 and father’s
“fail[ure] to protect . . . Madeline . . . [by] allow[ing] [her] to reside in . . . mother’s home
and allow[ing] . . . mother to have unlimited access to [her]” (count b-2), (c) mother’s
“unresolved history of alcohol abuse” (count b-3), and (d) mother’s act of driving with
Madeline while under the influence of alcohol (count b-4). Invoking section 300,
subdivision (j), the Department alleged that Madeline’s half-brother Jesse was at
substantial risk of serious physical harm because mother drove with Madeline while
under the influence.
       The matter proceeded to a jurisdictional hearing in April 2015. Mother did not
contest the allegations against her; father did. The juvenile court sustained count b-3
against mother and count a-2 against father. The court dismissed the remaining counts.
The court ordered Madeline removed from both parents’ custody, and ordered father to
attend parenting counseling.
       Father timely appeals. Mother did not.




2       Unless otherwise indicated, all further statutory references are to the Welfare and
Institutions Code.
                                              3
                                       DISCUSSION
       Father argues that there was insufficient evidence to sustain the jurisdictional
finding against him. The Department argues we need not reach the issue because the
juvenile court’s jurisdiction over Madeline is independently based on the allegations
against mother.
I.     Mootness
       Dependency jurisdiction attaches to a child, not to any parent. (In re Alysha
(1996) 51 Cal.App.4th 393, 397.) As a result, we may “affirm [a] juvenile court’s finding
of jurisdiction over [a child] if any one of the statutory bases for jurisdiction that are
enumerated in the petition is supported by substantial evidence.” (In re Alexis E. (2009)
171 Cal.App.4th 438, 451.) Because jurisdiction over Madeline is also based on the
unchallenged finding of mother’s abuse and neglect, the Department urges us simply to
affirm. (In re D.P. (2014) 225 Cal.App.4th 898, 902 [“‘as long as there is one
unassailable jurisdictional finding, it is immaterial that another might be
inappropriate’”].)
       However, courts have the discretion to “reach the merits of a challenge to any
jurisdictional finding when the finding (1) serves as the basis for dispositional orders that
are also challenged on appeal [citation]; (2) could be prejudicial to the appellant or could
potentially impact the current or future dependency proceedings [citation]; or (3) ‘could
have other consequences for [the appellant] beyond jurisdiction’ [citations].” (In re
Drake M. (2012) 211 Cal.App.4th 754, 762.) The juvenile court’s jurisdictional finding
against father is based on section 300, subdivision (a), which requires a finding of
“nonaccidental[]”—that is, intentional—conduct. (§ 300, subd. (a).) “Because the
finding that [a parent] intentionally hurt and neglected her children may be used against
[him] in future dependency proceedings, we reach the merits of [father’s] appeal.” (In re
Jonathan B. (2015) 235 Cal.App.4th 115, 119 (Jonathan B.).)


                                               4
II.    Substantial Evidence
       Section 300, subdivision (a) empowers a juvenile court to exert dependency
jurisdiction when a “child has suffered, or there is a substantial risk that the child will
suffer, serious physical harm inflicted nonaccidentally upon the child by the child’s
parent or guardian.” (§ 300, subd. (a).) As pertinent here, this subdivision may apply
when (1) one parent inflicts violence upon the other parent and, in so doing, places the
child in harm’s way (e.g., In re Giovanni F. (2010) 184 Cal.App.4th 594, 598-599), or
(2) one parent “nonaccidentally expose[s] the child[] to” the other parent’s “violent
conduct” (Jonathan B., supra, 235 Cal.App.4th at p. 119). The allegations against father
in this case implicate the second scenario. Our task on appeal is limited: We ask only
whether there is substantial evidence to support the juvenile court’s jurisdictional finding,
and do so viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the juvenile court’s findings
and drawing all inferences in favor of those findings. (In re T.W. (2013) 214 Cal.App.4th
1154, 1161-1162.)
       We conclude that substantial evidence supports the juvenile court’s finding against
father under section 300, subdivision (a). There is substantial evidence that Madeline
faces “substantial risk” of “serious physical harm” as a result of mother’s behavior:
Mother threw Madeline at father, and also drove to father’s residence while under the
influence of alcohol with Madeline in the car and while anticipating an altercation (for
which mother brought items that could be and were used as weapons). There is also
substantial evidence that father nonaccidentally exposed Madeline to mother’s violent
conduct, the very conduct that gives rise to the substantial risk of serious physical harm.
Although mother and father lived apart, father witnessed mother throw Madeline at him
just one week earlier. Indeed, he subjectively appreciated the danger mother posed to
Madeline when he urged mother not to take their problems out on the baby. Yet,
notwithstanding his actual awareness of the danger mother posed, he took no action and
allowed Madeline to remain in mother’s custody up to and until mother again placed

                                               5
Madeline in jeopardy by driving her to a fight while intoxicated. In this regard, father
“nonaccidentally expose[d]” Madeline to her mother’s dangerous conduct and thereby
placed Madeline in substantial risk of serious physical harm.
       Father raises four arguments in response. First, he argues that he never
subjectively foresaw that mother, while intoxicated, would drive Madeline to his
residence. However, what matters is father’s conduct in “nonaccidentally” exposing
Madeline to a substantial risk of serious physical harm, not the precise form that risk
might take; the critical factor is whether the parent recognizes the danger to his child, not
the accuracy of his clairvoyance. Second, father contends that his case is
indistinguishable from Jonathan B., supra, 235 Cal.App.4th 115. Jonathan B. overturned
a jurisdictional finding against a mother under section 300, subdivision (a) due to
mother’s failure to protect the children from father based solely on a single incident in
which father assaulted and battered mother in front of the children. (Id. at pp. 117-118.)
The court reasoned that, despite violence between the parents five years earlier, mother
had no basis to foresee any risk of violence and hence any risk to the children until
father’s recent outburst. (Id. at pp. 119-121.) Here, by contrast, father witnessed and
commented on mother’s conduct that placed Madeline at risk just one week before, but
did nothing to protect Madeline. Third, he points out that he acted to protect Madeline by
calling the police after the January 18, 2015, incident. However, the juvenile court’s
jurisdictional finding rests on his intentional decision to leave Madeline in mother’s care
during the week leading up to that incident. Lastly, father asserts that the Department is
only now on appeal relying on the earlier incident to sustain the court’s jurisdictional
finding. However, the evidence of that incident is part of the record and is not something
we may now discard.




                                              6
                                   DISPOSITION
     We affirm the jurisdictional finding as to father only.
     NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS.

                                                       ____________________, J.
                                                       HOFFSTADT

We concur:


_______________________, P.J.
BOREN


_______________________, J.
CHAVEZ




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