                             STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
                           SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS                                 FILED
                                                                               February 7, 2020
                                                                                EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
                                                                                SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                    OF WEST VIRGINIA
In re S.S.-1, S.S.-2, and D.S.

No. 19-0367 (Kanawha County 18-JA-492, 18-JA-493, and 18-JA-494)



                                 MEMORANDUM DECISION



        Petitioner Father D.T., by counsel Adam Campbell, appeals the Circuit Court of Kanawha
County’s April 5, 2019, dispositional order terminating his parental rights to S.S.-1, S.S.-2, and
D.S.1 The West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel
Mindy M. Parsley, filed a response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem,
Christopher C. McClung, filed a response on behalf of the children also in support of the circuit
court’s order. On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying his motion for a
post-dispositional improvement period.2

       This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these reasons,
a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.

        In August of 2018, the DHHR filed a child abuse and neglect petition after the children’s
mother was found intoxicated in a parked car with S.S.-1 and S.S.-2. Additionally, S.S.-2 was
found naked and S.S.-1 was drinking a bottle of spoiled milk. The petition alleged that the
children’s mother was arrested and charged with child neglect creating risk of injury and simple
possession of methamphetamines after a bag of illegal drugs was found in her possession. The
petition further alleged that the children’s mother and petitioner failed to provide the children with

       1
         Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W. Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W. Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013);
State v. Brandon B., 218 W. Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183 W.
Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990). Additionally, because two of the children share the same initials,
we will refer to them as S.S.-1 and S.S.-2, respectively, throughout this memorandum decision.
       2
         On appeal, petitioner does not specifically challenge the circuit court’s termination of his
parental rights.
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necessary food, clothing, supervision, and housing, and that neither parent was sufficiently
motivated or organized to provide for the needs of their children. After the petition’s filing, a
preliminary hearing was held where the circuit court sustained the petition after taking testimony
and evidence.

         In September of 2018, the DHHR filed an amended petition that added additional
allegations against petitioner. Specifically, the amended petition alleged that petitioner used illegal
substances, lacked a habitable home, and was unemployed. The amended petition further alleged
that petitioner did not provide for the children and was aware of the children’s mother’s drug use,
yet still permitted the children to be in her care. Shortly after the filing of the amended petition,
the circuit court held an adjudicatory hearing. Petitioner did not appear in person, but was
represented by counsel. The circuit court heard testimony from a Child Protective Services
(“CPS”) worker who testified that he personally served petitioner with a copy of the amended
petition. The worker further testified that petitioner admitted that he had a drug problem, was not
in a position to care for the children, and wanted to give guardianship of the children to his mother.
Based on the evidence presented, the circuit court adjudicated petitioner as an abusive and
neglectful parent.

         In November of 2018, the circuit court held a dispositional hearing. The circuit court heard
testimony from a CPS worker and petitioner. The CPS worker recommended termination of
petitioner’s parental rights based on his failure to contact his service provider and pick up his drug
screen packet from the DHHR. Petitioner moved for a post-dispositional improvement period and
testified that he entered himself into Highland Hospital the previous Saturday for his drug
addiction and desired to parent his children. The circuit court, on its own motion, granted petitioner
a sixty-day continuance of the dispositional hearing and ordered that petitioner be enrolled in a
long-term drug rehabilitation treatment program by the next hearing.

        In January of 2019, the circuit court held a final dispositional hearing. Petitioner appeared
by telephone due to being incarcerated. The circuit court heard testimony from a CPS worker and
petitioner. The CPS worker testified that, since the last hearing, petitioner admitted himself into
Highland Hospital but left after one day. Thereafter, petitioner was arrested for grand larceny. The
CPS worker further testified that petitioner failed to cooperate with any of the services that were
designed to remedy the conditions that led to the filing of the petition. As such, the CPS worker
recommended termination of petitioner’s parental rights. Petitioner testified that he was
incarcerated and being held on two separate bonds for arson and grand larceny. Upon the circuit
court’s inquiry, petitioner testified that drugs led to both of his criminal charges. Petitioner
admitted that he had not provided his children with any means of support in two years. Petitioner
renewed his motion for a post-dispositional improvement period, which was denied by the circuit
court. Based on the evidence presented, the circuit court found that petitioner failed to follow
through with a reasonable family case plan and demonstrated an inadequate capacity to solve the
problems of child abuse and neglect on his own or with help. Accordingly, the circuit court
concluded that there was no reasonable likelihood that the conditions of abuse and neglect could




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be substantially corrected and terminated petitioner’s parental rights to the children. It is from the
April 5, 2019, dispositional order that petitioner appeals.3


       The Court has previously established the following standard of review in cases such as this:

               “Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
       novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
       facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
       evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether such
       child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a reviewing
       court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there
       is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left
       with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed. However,
       a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply because it would have decided
       the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if the circuit court’s account of the
       evidence is plausible in light of the record viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In
       Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223, 470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).

Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W. Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011).

        On appeal, petitioner’s sole argument is that the circuit court committed clear error when
it found that he was not entitled to a post-dispositional improvement period. Specifically, petitioner
asserts that granting him an improvement period was in the children’s best interest. Petitioner
further argues that the circuit court failed to allow him the opportunity to correct his substance
abuse issues that affected his parenting abilities. We disagree.

         The decision to grant or deny an improvement period rests in the sound discretion of the
circuit court. See In re M.M., 236 W. Va. 108, 115, 778 S.E.2d 338, 345 (2015) (“West Virginia
law allows the circuit court discretion in deciding whether to grant a parent an improvement
period.”); Syl. Pt. 6, in part, In re Katie S., 198 W. Va. 79, 479 S.E.2d 589 (1996) (“It is within the
court’s discretion to grant an improvement period within the applicable statutory requirements . .
. .”). Furthermore, West Virginia Code § 49-4-610(3)(B) provides that a circuit court may grant a
post-dispositional improvement period when the parent “demonstrates, by clear and convincing
evidence, that the [parent] is likely to fully participate in the improvement period.”

        Here, the record does not show that petitioner demonstrated, by clear and convincing
evidence, that he was likely to fully participate in a post-dispositional improvement period. While
petitioner asserts that the circuit court failed to provide him an opportunity to correct his substance
abuse problem, this assertion ignores the fact that the circuit court granted him a sixty-day
continuance at the first dispositional hearing to provide him time to enter long-term treatment.
Despite being given this opportunity, petitioner enrolled in a treatment facility, only to leave after
one day and was subsequently arrested and charged with grand larceny. Petitioner admitted that

       3
        According to respondents, the children’s mother successfully completed all aspects of her
improvement period and the children will be reunified with her with a permanency plan to remain
in the mother’s care.
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drugs led to this charge. Although petitioner asserts that granting him an improvement period was
in the children’s best interest as evidenced by his attempt to seek “some rehabilitation” for his drug
problem prior to the final dispositional hearing, petitioner fails to acknowledge that he left
treatment after only one day. Furthermore, not only did petitioner fail to demonstrate any
commitment to drug rehabilitation, he also failed to participate in any of the services provided to
him by the DHHR. Based on petitioner’s failure to demonstrate that he was likely to fully
participate in an improvement period, we find no error in the circuit court’s decision to deny
petitioner’s motion for a post-dispositional improvement period.

       For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court, and its April
5, 2019, order is hereby affirmed.


                                                                                           Affirmed.

ISSUED: February 7, 2020


CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Tim Armstead
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
Justice Evan H. Jenkins
Justice John A. Hutchison




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