Filed 2/24/15 In re Chris R. CA
                  NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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           IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

                                   SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

                                                DIVISION FOUR


In re CHRIS R. et al.,                                                          B255631
                                                                                (Los Angeles County
Persons Coming Under the Juvenile Court Law.                                     Super. Ct. No. DK02178)


LOS ANGELES COUNTY DEPARTMENT
OF CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICES,

         Plaintiff and Respondent,

         v.

RITA S.,

         Defendant and Appellant.



         APPEAL from orders of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, Julie F.
Blackshaw, Judge. Affirmed.
         Frank H. Free, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
         Richard D. Weiss, Acting County Counsel, Dawyn R. Harrison, Assistant
County Counsel, and Jeanette Cauble, Deputy County Counsel, for Plaintiff and
Respondent.
                                  INTRODUCTION
      Rita S. (“Mother”) appeals from the juvenile court’s jurisdictional order
adjudging her three children dependents of the court and its dispositional orders.
Essentially, the juvenile court concluded that there was a substantial risk that
Mother would inflict serious physical harm on her children. We conclude that
substantial evidence supports that conclusion and therefore affirm the trial court’s
orders.


               FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
      Mother has three children: Chris, Allyson and Jacob.1 Each child has a
different father, none of whom is party to this appeal.
      In November 2013, Department2 filed a section 300 petition relying upon
three of the statute’s subdivisions: (a) serious physical harm; (b) failure to protect;
and (j) abuse of a sibling.3
      At the January 6, 2014 jurisdictional hearing, the matter was submitted on
the four reports generated by Department.4 The evidence in those reports set forth
the following facts.
      Mother lives with her mother, O.S., and her two youngest children, Allyson
and Jacob. Chris lives with his father, Antonio R., during the week but stays with
Mother on the weekends.

1
     The children were born: Chris, June 2003; Allyson, April 2009; and Jacob,
November 2012.
2
      The Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services.
3
      All statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code.
4
      Mother objected to one sentence in the detention report on the basis of the best
evidence rule. The trial court sustained the objection and struck the sentence.


                                            2
      On September 24, 2013, Department received a referral that Mother had
physically abused 10-year-old Chris. That day, social worker Candice Obilana
visited Chris at Antonio R.’s home. Chris told Obilana the following. On
September 14, he was at Mother’s home. Mother ordered a pizza and wanted
Chris to accompany her when she picked it up. Chris said he wanted to stay at
home with O.S. (his maternal grandmother). Chris explained that “[M]other
counted to three and told him to put his shoes on but [he] kept saying he didn’t
want to go. Chris said [Mother] called the police and asked the police for help.
Chris said the police told her that that she can spank [him]. [She] grabbed Chris’s
arm to try and turn him so she could spank him. Chris said one arm got stuck
under him so he was lying on top of one arm and mother had the other arm in her
hand and held it behind Chris’s back so he could not move. [Mother] spanked him
on the bottom with an open hand over his clothes multiple times. . . . [T]he
spankings hurt and he was crying during [them]. . . . Chris stated he had marks on
his bottom but he could not see them. . . . Chris said it only hurt for a little bit and
that the pain stopped before his dad came to pick him up [shortly thereafter].”
During these events, O.S. “was crying and was trying to stop [M]other from
spanking Chris but [M]other would not listen.”
      Antonio R., responding to a phone call from O.S., came to the home to pick
Chris up. Before Chris left, Mother told Chris: “[Y]ou are dead to me. You
cannot come back here.” Chris told Obilana that he was fearful of Mother
“sometimes, when she spanks me or yells at me.” Chris said Mother yells at him
and spanks him “almost every time [he goes] to [her] house.” Chris explained that
Mother spanks him with a sandal or her hand because either he does not want to




                                            3
leave the home with her or he “just wants to spend time with [O.S.].”5 Mother
“sometimes” spanks his sister Allyson “on the bottom.” As of November 5, Chris
had not been back to Mother’s home and Mother had not called him.
       Antonio R. told Obilana that he had received a phone call from O.S. that
“[M]other had spanked Chris hard.” O.S. “was upset and had been crying.”
Antonio R. immediately picked Chris up. During the ride home, “Chris was clingy
and wanted to sit closely with [his] father.” After they arrived home, Antonio R.
“checked Chris’s bottom and Chris had red marks from [M]other’s spanking him.”
The next day, Antonio R. saw “some bruising on [Chris’] bottom.”
       On September 30, Obilana interviewed Mother about the incident. Mother
said that she had asked Chris to go with her to pick up the pizza but that he had
refused. She claimed that Chris kicked her and would not listen to her. Mother
called the police who “told her it is legal to spank with an open hand on the
bottom.” Mother then spanked Chris “over his clothes with her open hand.”6 O.S.
tried to stop her. According to Mother, O.S. “is always trying to interfere with
how [she] disciplines Chris.” Mother conceded that she had not seen nor spoken to
Chris since the incident occurred several weeks earlier. She said “she is teaching
her son a lesson that he cannot be disrespectful and he cannot kick [his Mother].”
Obilana asked Mother if she had told Chris that “he is dead to her.” Mother replied
that she had told him “you can forget you have a mommy.” Mother explained that
she told him this “because she wants him to learn his lesson.”


5
       In an interview conducted three months later, Chris reiterated “that he had been hit
more than once while in [M]other’s home” and that she had “struck [him] with an open
hand on various parts of his body.” However, he claimed that “it was untrue that he had
ever been hit by a shoe.”
6
       In a subsequent interview, Mother denied having ever struck Chris with a shoe.


                                             4
      O.S. told Department that on the day in question, Mother “was spanking
Chris hard and would not stop.” Because Chris was crying and upset, O.S. called
Antonio R. O.S. explained that Mother treats Chris “differently” than his siblings.
According to O.S., Mother “hits Chris every weekend when he comes over . . .
with an open hand to the bottom or with a shoe.” When O.S. tells Mother not to hit
Chris, Mother “becomes angry [and tells O.S.] to mind her [own] business.”
Lastly, O.S. said that Mother hits Allyson “in the hand every now and then.” Since
the incident, Mother has not spoken with O.S.
      The juvenile court sustained, as amended, all three subdivisions of the
section 300 petition.7 Each subdivision contained the following identical
allegations.
             “On 9/14/13, [Mother] physically abused the child, Chris, by
      twisting and holding [his] hand behind [his] back, and repeatedly
      striking [his] buttocks with [her] hands, inflicting redness, marks and
      bruises to [his] buttocks. On prior occasions, [Mother] struck [Chris’]
      buttocks with shoes and [her] hands. Such physical abuse was
      excessive and caused [Chris] unreasonable pain and suffering. [Chris]
      is afraid of [Mother] and does not wish to visit [her] due to [her]
      physical abuse of [him]. . . . The physical abuse of [Chris] by the
      mother . . . endangers [his] physical health and safety and places [him]
      and [his] siblings, Allyson and Jacob, at risk of physical harm,
      damage, danger, physical abuse and failure to protect.”


      The juvenile court explained “that this was more than reasonable discipline,
[Mother’s] actions with respect to Chris. Chris did state that he was afraid of his
mother. The grandmother had to intervene. This is well beyond what can be
expected by reasonable discipline. [¶] . . . [T]here is a sufficient amount of
evidence showing that [Mother] and Chris do have a very contentious relationship

7
      The amendments to the petition deleted references to Chris’ father, Antonio R.


                                           5
that does result in inappropriate physical abuse at times.” (Italics added.) As for
the potential threat of serious harm to Allyson and Jacob, the juvenile court
reasoned that because “there was much more than reasonable discipline in this case
[involving Chris,] . . . [Mother’s] failure to recognize that [conclusion] does not
give the court confidence that if and when [her other children] reach an age where
they also present disciplinary issues, that [Mother] will not engage in that kind of
discipline as well.”
      At the dispositional hearing, Mother asked for return of her children. (The
juvenile court had removed all three children from Mother’s custody at the
November 2013 detention hearing.) In regard to Chris, the juvenile court found by
clear and convincing evidence that returning him to Mother’s custody would create
a substantial danger to his physical health, safety, protection, or emotional well-
being; that there were no reasonable means by which he could be protected without
removing him from her custody; and that reasonable efforts had been made to
prevent and eliminate the need for removal. The court removed Chris from
Mother’s custody, placed him with his father Antonio R., and ordered six months
of family reunification services for Mother. In addition, the court ordered Mother
to participate in parenting classes, individual counseling, and conjoint counseling
with Chris. As for Allyson and Jacob, the court returned them to Mother’s custody
because it found that there was not clear and convincing evidence to support their
removal from her custody.
      This appeal by Mother follows.


                                   DISCUSSION
      Mother first contends that the juvenile court’s assertion of jurisdiction over
all three children based upon the “serious physical harm” and “abuse of sibling”
allegations (§ 300, subs. (a) and (j)) must be reversed because “[t]here simply is no

                                          6
evidence that Chris suffered ‘serious physical harm’” or that “Chris or his siblings
were at risk of future serious physical harm.” We are not persuaded.
      Section 300, subdivision (a), allows a child to be adjudged a dependent of
the juvenile court when “[t]he child [here, Chris] has suffered, or there is a
substantial risk that the child will suffer, serious physical harm inflicted
nonaccidentally upon the child by the child’s parent [here, Mother]. For the
purposes of this subdivision, a court may find there is a substantial risk of serious
future injury based on the manner in which a less serious injury was inflicted, a
history of repeated infliction of injuries on the child[,] . . . or a combination of
these and other actions by the parent . . . which indicate the child is at risk of
serious physical harm. For purposes of this subdivision, ‘serious physical harm’
does not include reasonable and age-appropriate spanking to the buttocks where
there is no evidence of serious physical injury.” (Italics added.)
      Subdivision (j) permits a child to be adjudged a dependent of the juvenile
court when his or her “sibling [here, Chris] has been abused . . . as defined in
subdivision (a), . . . and there is a substantial risk that the child [here, Allyson and
Jacob] will be abused . . . as defined in [that] subdivision[]. The [juvenile] court
shall consider the circumstances surrounding the abuse . . . of the sibling, the age
and gender of each child, the nature of the abuse . . . of the sibling, the mental
condition of the parent . . . and any other factors the court considers probative in
determining whether there is a substantial risk to the child.”
      We review the juvenile court’s jurisdictional findings for substantial
evidence. (In re James C. (2002) 104 Cal.App.4th 470, 482.) Using this standard,
we review the record in the light most favorable to the trial court’s decision,
drawing all reasonable inferences from the evidence to support its findings. We do
not reweigh the evidence, redetermine credibility or exercise independent
judgment. (In re I.J. (2013) 56 Cal.4th 766, 773.) It is Mother’s burden, as

                                            7
appellant, to show that there is insufficient evidence to support the juvenile court’s
findings. (In re Isabella F. (2014) 226 Cal.App.4th 128, 138.)
       Here, substantial evidence supports the trial court’s finding that Mother’s
physical abuse of Chris created a substantial risk that he will suffer serious
physical harm at her hand. On September 14, Mother grabbed Chris, twisted his
arm around his back so he could not move, held him down and spanked him
multiple times. O.S. asked Mother to stop but Mother ignored her. Mother
spanked Chris hard enough to leave bruises and marks. Further, contrary to what
Mother suggests, this was not an isolated incident. Mother and Chris had a
contentious relationship. Chris was afraid of her. Chris said that Mother spanked
him with her hand or her shoe “almost every time” he visited her home.8 O.S.
confirmed Chris’s statement, telling Department that “every weekend” Mother hit
him with a shoe or spanked him. Based upon all of these facts, substantial
evidence supports the trial court’s finding that Chris and his siblings (Jacob was
only 14-months old and Allyson was just under five years old at the time of the
jurisdictional hearing) were at substantial risk of serious physical harm.
       Mother’s contrary argument is not persuasive. First, she cites several
reported decisions to argue that “[c]ases in which ‘serious physical harm’
allegations have been affirmed stand in marked contrast to this one” and that
“[e]ven cases in which ‘serious physical harm’ findings have been reversed have
involved more serious conduct than [her conduct].” This approach misses the
mark for two reasons. The first is that the facts of each case are unique so that


8
        Mother relies upon Chris’ second statement to Department in which he recanted
his initial claim that Mother had hit him with a shoe to argue for a contrary conclusion.
(See fn. 5, ante.) Putting aside the fact that O.S. had also said that Mother frequently hit
Chris with a shoe, it was the juvenile court’s responsibility, as the trier of fact, to resolve
this conflict in the evidence. It resolved the conflict against Mother. That determination
is binding upon us. (In re I.J., supra, 56 Cal.4th at p. 773.)

                                               8
comparisons are not necessarily relevant, let alone dispositive. The second is that
“section 300, subdivision (a) may apply when a minor suffers less serious injuries
but there is a history of repeated abuse.” (In re Isabella F., supra, 226 Cal.App.4th
at p. 139.) As explained in the previous paragraph, this matter presents a case of
repeated abuse: Mother struck and spanked Chris almost every time he visited her.
      Mother next urges that the juvenile court committed reversible error when it
sustained the section 300, subdivision (b) “failure to protect” allegations. For the
first time on appeal, Mother urges that the allegation “was not properly pled and
must be stricken.” As we held in In re Christopher C. (2010) 182 Cal.App.4th 73,
82-83, Mother’s failure to demur to the petition in the trial court constitutes a
forfeiture of that claim. In any event, when, as here, “a dependency [section 300]
petition alleges multiple grounds for its assertion that a minor comes within the
dependency court’s jurisdiction, a reviewing court can affirm the juvenile court’s
finding of jurisdiction over the minor if any one of the statutory bases for
jurisdiction that are enumerated in the petition is supported by substantial
evidence. In such a case, the reviewing court need not consider whether any or all
of the other alleged statutory grounds for jurisdiction are supported by the
evidence.” (In re Alexis E. (2009) 171 Cal.App.4th 438, 451.) Here, we have
concluded that substantial evidence supports the juvenile court’s jurisdictional
findings based upon subdivisions (a) and (j) of section 300. Consequently, there is
no need to discuss whether the juvenile court erred in sustaining the subdivision (b)
allegations. (In re Christopher C., supra, 182 Cal.App.4th at p. 83 [the juvenile
court’s jurisdiction can rest on a single ground].)
      Lastly, Mother seeks reversal of the juvenile court’s dispositional orders.
She fails to identify which dispositional orders were erroneous or to explain why
they should be reversed other than to claim that “[b]ecause the jurisdictional
findings must be reversed, so must the dispositional orders.” Since we have found

                                           9
substantial evidence supports the juvenile court’s jurisdictional findings, we affirm
its dispositional orders.


                                  DISPOSITION
             The orders appealed from are affirmed.
             NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS




                                              WILLHITE, J.




             We concur:




             EPSTEIN, P. J.




             COLLINS, J.




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