
284 S.E.2d 756 (1981)
Fred V. COOPER, d/b/a Fred V. Cooper Realty
v.
Lawrence Homer HENDERSON.
No. 815DC375.
Court of Appeals of North Carolina.
December 15, 1981.
*757 Trawick & Pollock by Gary E. Trawick, Burgaw, for plaintiff-appellant.
Moore & Biberstein by R. V. Biberstein, Jr., Burgaw, for defendant-appellee.
ROBERT M. MARTIN, Judge.
Plaintiff's sole question on appeal is whether the trial court erred in granting the defendant's motion for a directed verdict. Our Supreme Court in Kelly v. Harvester Co., 278 N.C. 153, 158, 179 S.E.2d 396, 398 (1971) stated the rule that "[o]n a motion by a defendant for a directed verdict in a jury case, the court must consider all the evidence in the light most favorable to the plaintiff and may grant the motion only if, as a matter of law, the evidence is insufficient to justify a verdict for the plaintiff." (Citation omitted.)
The key in this case is whether plaintiff negotiated with Mrs. Pollmann as required by the terms of the listing contract. Negotiation has been defined as deliberation, discussion, or conference upon the terms of a proposed agreement, or as the act of settling or arranging the terms of a bargain or sale. Dunklee v. Shepherd, 145 Colo. 197, 358 P.2d 25 (1960). In Werner v. Hendricks, 121 Pa.Super. 46, 182 A. 748 (1936) the court held that merely calling attention to a property without further discussing the details which necessarily had to follow for consummation of a sale, could not be called negotiation.
The present case is similar to Jessup v. La Pin, 35 Wis.2d 186, 150 N.W.2d 342 (1967). In Jessup the court held that the plaintiff broker was not entitled to a commission upon a sale of defendant's property consummated within six months after the expiration of the one-month exclusive listing contract between them which provided for payment of a commission to the plaintiff if the listed property was sold during the life of such agreement, or if it was sold within six months of the termination thereof to anyone with whom the plaintiff had negotiated during the exclusive period. The only evidence in the record concerning the plaintiff's contacts with the purchasers was that on two occasions he had shown the property to them. That court noted that the purchasers did not testify and that there was no evidence of even a passing conversation or communication between them and the plaintiff. It did not appear that the plaintiff had discussed price or terms of sale, or that he had said anything to the purchasers concerning the property. In short the record was devoid of any proof that the plaintiff's efforts had brought such persons to the point of being likely purchasers.
Similarly in the present case, plaintiff never spoke with or met Mrs. Pollmann, and neither Mrs. Pollmann nor her daughter was called as a witness for the plaintiff. Plaintiff was aware that Mrs. Pollmann might help the Copps finance their purchase of the 73 acre tract of land. Plaintiff knew that the Copps also wanted to buy the homestead tract, and that in fact the Copps made an offer for that parcel which was rejected. Plaintiff gave pictures of all the land to Mrs. Copp, assuming that she would mail them to her mother in Arizona in order to obtain financing. Considering all of plaintiff's evidence in the light most favorable to him, there is no evidence that plaintiff's efforts had elevated Mrs. Pollmann to the level of a likely purchaser of the homestead tract. There is no evidence that plaintiff worked out any arrangements of a sale to Mrs. Pollmann.
The plaintiff argues that a landowner-seller could avoid paying a real estate commission simply by conveying the land to a fiduciary or confidant, to a wife of the *758 husband-buyer and so on. His examples all suggest either fraud or collusion, or the use of a trustee. In this case plaintiff has not alleged or offered any evidence of bad faith on the part of the defendant or evidence that Mrs. Pollmann purchased the homestead tract as an agent or trustee for the Copps.
The plaintiff further asserts that the test of whether negotiations occurred should be whether the broker was the procuring cause of the sale. Our Supreme Court stated the rules governing such brokers' commissions in Realty Agency, Inc. v. Duckworth & Shelton, Inc., 274 N.C. 243, 250-51, 162 S.E.2d 486, 491 (1968) as follows:
"Ordinarily, a broker with whom an owner's property is listed for sale becomes entitled to his commission whenever he procures a party who actually contracts for the purchase of the property at a price acceptable to the owner. Cromartie v. Colby, 250 N.C. 224, 108 S.E.2d 228; Martin v. Holly, 104 N.C. 36, 10 S.E. 83. If any act of the broker in pursuance of his authority to find a purchaser is the initiating act which is the procuring cause of a sale ultimately made by the owner, the owner must pay the commsision [sic] provided the case is not taken out of the rule by the contract of employment. Trust Co. v. Goode, 164 N.C. 19, 80 S.E. 62. The broker is the procuring cause if the sale is the direct and proximate result of his efforts or services. The term procuring cause refers to `a cause originating or setting in motion a series of events which, without break in their continuity, result in the accomplishment of the prime object of the employment of the broker, which may variously be a sale or exchange of the principal's property, an ultimate agreement between the principal and a prospective contracting party, or the procurement of a purchaser who is ready, willing, and able to buy on the principal's terms.' 12 C.J.S. Brokers § 91, p. 209 (1938). Accord, 12 Am.Jur.2d Brokers § 190 (1964)."
Plaintiff's evidence in this case simply does not support a claim that there was a series of unbroken events which resulted in a sale. Also in this case the sale occurred after the expiration of the listing contract. Therefore, this sale should be governed by the terms of the contract itself rather than by a procuring cause theory. Realty Agency, Inc. v. Duckworth & Shelton, Inc., supra.
For the foregoing reasons the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Affirmed.
MORRIS, C. J., and HEDRICK, J., concur.
