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                                                  OPINION

                    Nos. 04-08-00596-CR, 04-08-00597-CR, and 04-08-00598-CR

                                     EX PARTE Joe T. ESTRADA Jr.,

                     From the186th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas
                  Trial Court Nos. 2008-CR-5918, 2008-CR-5919, & 2008-CR-5920
                           Honorable Maria Teresa Herr, Judge Presiding1

Opinion by:       Steven C. Hilbig, Justice

Sitting:          Phylis J. Speedlin, Justice
                  Rebecca Simmons, Justice
                  Steven C. Hilbig, Justice

Delivered and Filed: November 19, 2008

AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED AND RENDERED IN PART

           Joe T. Estrada Jr. was charged in separate indictments with two counts of burglary of a

habitation and one count of capital murder. His bail was set at $20,000 in each of the burglary cases

and at $1,000,000 in the capital murder case. Estrada filed an application for writ of habeas corpus

in each case, seeking to reduce the amounts of his bail. The trial court denied relief in each case and

Estrada appeals. We affirm the trial court’s orders denying relief in the burglary of a habitation

cases. However, we hold the bail in the capital murder case is excessive and order bail reduced to

$600,000.


           1
         … These causes are pending in the 186th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas, in which the Honorable
Maria Teresa Herr is the presiding judge. However, the hearings on the applications for writs of habeas corpus were
conducted by the Honorable Andrew W . Carruthers, Criminal Law Magistrate, pursuant to an order of referral.
                                                              Nos. 04-08-00596-CR, 04-08-00597-CR, & 04-08-00598-CR

                                                 STANDARD OF REVIEW

          We review a trial court’s pretrial bail determination under an abuse of discretion standard.

Ex parte Rubac, 611 S.W.2d 848, 850 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1981). The burden is on

appellant to demonstrate the trial court abused its discretion. Id. at 849. The trial court’s discretion

in setting bail is bounded and guided by our state and federal constitutions and state law. “The

primary purpose or object of an appearance bond is to secure the presence of a defendant in court

for the trial of the offense charged.” Ex parte Rodriguez, 595 S.W.2d 549, 550 (Tex. Crim. App.

[Panel Op.] 1980).2 The amount of bail cannot be excessive. See U.S. CONST . amend. VIII

(excessive bail shall not be required); TEX . CONST . art. I, § 13 (same); TEX . CODE CRIM . PROC. ANN .

art. 1.09 (Vernon 2005) (same). Article 17.15 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure sets forth

five “rules” to be considered in setting bail:

          1.     The bail shall be sufficiently high to give reasonable assurance that the
          undertaking will be complied with.

          2.     The power to require bail is not to be so used as to make it an instrument of
          oppression.

          3.    The nature of the offense and the circumstances under which it was
          committed are to be considered.

          4.     The ability to make bail is to be regarded, and proof may be taken upon this
          point.

          5.     The future safety of a victim of the alleged offense and the community shall
          be considered.




          2
            … W e note that bail can be denied for capital offenses “when proof is evident.” T EX . C O N ST . art. I, § 11; T EX .
C O D E C RIM . P RO C . A N N . art. 1.07 (Vernon 2005). Bail may also be denied in various circumstances relating to the
commission of a felony offense. T EX . C O N ST . art. I, § 11a. The State has not invoked any constitutional provision to
deny Estrada bail for these offenses, and he is therefore entitled to bail. See T EX . C O N ST . art. I, §§ 11, 11a; T EX . C O D E
C RIM . P RO C . A N N . art. 1.07.

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                                                       Nos. 04-08-00596-CR, 04-08-00597-CR, & 04-08-00598-CR

TEX . CODE CRIM . PROC. ANN . art. 17.15 (Vernon 2005). Other relevant factors include a defendant’s

links to the community, including his family ties, employment history, prior criminal record, the

existence of other bonds against the defendant, and his compliance with the conditions of those

bonds. See Gonzalez v. State, 996 S.W.2d 350, 352-53 (Tex. App.–Houston [14th Dist.] 1999, no

pet.), and cases cited therein. While the amount of bail should not be set so high it becomes an

instrument of oppression, the defendant’s inability to make a certain bond is not conclusive proof

the bond amount is excessive. See Ex parte Bufkin, 553 S.W.2d 116, 118 (Tex. Crim. App. 1977);

Ex parte Gentry, 615 S.W.2d 228, 231 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1981).

                                                 BACKGROUND

         Evidence presented at the habeas hearing reflects Estrada is currently charged with felony

theft of a vehicle in addition to capital murder and burglary of a habitation. In the theft case, Estrada

is alleged to have taken a key from a co-worker’s purse and stolen her car. Estrada was arrested for

theft of the vehicle in January 2008 and released on a $5,000 personal recognizance bond. Estrada

was on this bond when the capital murder occurred.3 No evidence regarding the circumstances of

the two burglaries of a habitation was presented at the habeas hearing. However, the record reflects

the burglaries occurred in January 2008, several days before Estrada was arrested on the theft charge,

and the complainant in each of the burglary cases is Estrada’s aunt. Estrada was indicted on the two

burglary charges in July 2008, at the same time he was indicted for capital murder.

         The circumstances of the capital murder were presented to the trial court through the arrest

and search warrant affidavits the State introduced into evidence. Those documents reflect Estrada

admitted to police he burglarized his neighbor’s home on April 24, 2008. When the neighbor awoke


        3
          … Estrada’s personal recognizance bond on the theft charge has been revoked and the trial court has ordered
him remanded without bond. Estrada has not appealed that order.

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during the burglary, Estrada shot her in the head with a bow and arrow he had taken with him into

the home. Estrada left the home, taking the victim’s vehicle and credit cards. He drove to a nearby

gas station and filled a container with ten dollars’ worth of gasoline. Estrada returned to the victim’s

house and used the gasoline to set fire to the victim and her home. Estrada also admitted to using

the victim’s credit cards to make several purchases including hair gel, clothing, and computer

equipment. Two of the victim’s credit cards and the key to the victim’s vehicle were found in

Estrada’s possession the day after the murder.

        Estrada’s father was the only witness to testify at the hearing. Mr. Estrada testified Estrada

was eighteen years old and lived with his parents before his incarceration. The family has lived in

their home for over four years. Estrada’s mother has worked for the City of San Antonio for thirteen

years and Mr. Estrada has worked as a dispatcher for a concrete company for six years. Estrada had

been a senior in high school, but withdrew from school in early 2008 for reasons not disclosed in the

record, although Mr. Estrada acknowledged Estrada had problems with truancy. Mr. Estrada

testified his son has had several jobs, but was “let go” from the most recent one in December 2007.

        Mr. Estrada testified that if Estrada is released on bond he will live with his parents at the

family home. He testified he would do everything in his power to ensure Estrada appeared in court

and meet any conditions of the bond. If necessary, Estrada’s mother would stop working so she

could be home during the day. Mr. Estrada testified Estrada lived at home while he was on a personal

recognizance bond on the theft charge and, as far as he knew, Estrada had complied with the

reporting conditions of his bond – a requirement that Estrada call the bond office each Wednesday.

Estrada’s father also testified the family had no ties to Mexico and Estrada has left the State only

once, on a family vacation to Arizona and Nevada.



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       According to Mr. Estrada, his son is financially dependent on his parents and could not post

a bond in any amount with his own resources. He testified Estrada does not own any property or

have any other assets. Mr. Estrada stated he had contacted at least five bail bond companies and he

could not meet the financial conditions imposed by the few companies willing to write such a large

bond. Mr. Estrada requested the court to set the total amount of bail at $250,000. He explained his

family does not have the present resources to obtain bonds in that amount, but expected that with the

help of other family members and friends, the necessary financial resources could eventually be

garnered.

       Mr. Estrada testified Estrada has no prior convictions. The State introduced a computer

record relating to Estrada that it obtained from the school district. The document, entitled “Student

Discipline Information,” spans a time period from September 1, 2005 through February 29, 2008,

and contains seventy-two entries for various infractions including “excessive tardies,” truancy,

insubordination, “profanity/obscene ge,” “disrupting class/stu,” lack of cooperation, theft, forgery,

“disrespect/rude,” “poss,sold/use mariju,” and “possess/distribute c.”

       The punishment for capital murder is either death or life imprisonment without parole. TEX .

PENAL CODE ANN . §12.31(a) (Vernon Supp. 2008). The record does not reflect whether the State

will seek the death penalty. The burglaries are second-degree felonies with possible punishment of

from two to twenty years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000. Because it appears Estrada does not

have a prior felony conviction, he would be eligible for probation in the burglary cases.

       At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court denied relief on all three writs, refusing to

reduce the amount of Estrada’s bail. The court also ordered as conditions of bond that Estrada




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submit to alcohol testing, “global positioning,” be under full house arrest, and have no contact with

his aunt, the victim in the burglary of a habitation cases.

                                             DISCUSSION

                                           Burglary Cases

       Estrada’s briefs contain no argument that the amount of bail in the burglary cases is

excessive. The $20,000 bail in each of those cases is within the amount Mr. Estrada testified the

family could pay, and is well within the range of bail amounts found appropriate by other courts in

burglary cases. See, e.g., Ex parte Charlesworth, 600 S.W.2d 316 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.]

1980) ($35,000); Watson v. State, 158 S.W.3d 647 (Tex. App.–Waco 2005, no pet.) ($10,000);

Nguyen v. State 881 S.W.2d 141 (Tex. App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 1994, no pet.) ($20,000); see also,

Ex parte Simpson, 77 S.W.3d 894, 897 (Tex. App.–Tyler 2002, no pet.) (noting that in reviewing

claim of excessive bail, court may look at the amount of bond in relation to bonds set for other

crimes); Ex parte Emery, 970 S.W.2d 144, 146 (Tex. App.–Waco 1998, no pet.) (same). We

conclude Estrada failed to meet his burden to demonstrate the amount of bail in the burglary cases

is excessive. Accordingly, we hold the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying habeas relief

in the two burglary of a habitation cases and affirm the court’s orders.

                                        Capital Murder Case

       Estrada presented evidence that he has no resources with which to post bail. While his family

bears no legal obligation to help him, the testimony reflected the family was willing to exert

considerable effort to help Estrada post bail, but did not have resources to post bail in the amount

of $1,000,000. Obviously, this fact alone does not compel our result, but we have found no reported

Texas case sustaining bail in the amount of $1,000,000, even in the most egregious capital murder

cases. See, e.g., Ex parte Beard, 92 S.W.3d 566 (Tex. App.–Austin 2002, pet. ref’d) ($8,000,000

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                                                Nos. 04-08-00596-CR, 04-08-00597-CR, & 04-08-00598-CR

bail reduced to $500,000); Ex parte Henson, 131 S.W.3d 645 (Tex. App.–Texarkana 2004, no pet.)

(three counts of capital murder, bail reduced from $750,000 to $500,000 for each count); Ex parte

Simpson, 77 S.W.3d 894 (Tex. App.–Tyler 2002, no pet.) ($600,000 bail, reduced from $1,000,000

by trial court, held not excessive); Ex parte McDonald, 852 S.W.2d 730 (Tex. App.–San Antonio

1993, no pet.) ($1,000,000 bail reduced to $75,000). However, we have found two unreported

decisions that held bail of $1,000,000 was not excessive under the circumstances presented. See Ex

parte Saldana, No. 13-01-00360-CR & 13-02-00361-CR, 2002 WL 91331 (Tex. App.–Corpus

Christi, Jan. 24, 2002, no pet.) (relying primarily on defendant’s prior convictions, numerous arrests

for violent offenses, ability to post $500,000 bond before indictment, gang membership and evidence

murder was gang-related, and evidence key witness was in fear for her life), overruled in part on

other grounds, Ramos v. State, 89 S.W.3d 122, 126 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi 2002, no pet.) (not

designated for publication); Ex parte Brown, No. 05-00-00655-CR, 2000 WL 964673 (Tex.

App.–Dallas Jul. 13, 2000, no pet.) (not designated for publication) (relying on uncontroverted

evidence that defendant posed a threat to his estranged wife and noting that appellant failed to

produce any evidence regarding his ties to the community, or his ability to make bail).

       Other evidence presented at the habeas hearing that favors a reduction in bail includes

Estrada’s lack of previous convictions, his ties to the local community, and a supportive family.

However, there is also evidence militating against a significant reduction in the amount of bail,

including the circumstances of the capital murder to which Estrada has admitted, the fact he was on

bond for a felony offense when the capital murder occurred, and his indictment for two other felonies

committed against a family member. In addition, Estrada had dropped out of school and was not

employed when the murder occurred. He had a troubling record of disciplinary infractions at school,



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indicating a failure to follow rules and difficulty controlling his behavior. The trial court rightfully

could have considered Estrada’s school disciplinary history and the alleged commission of various

other offenses as evidence Estrada would not comply with the conditions of bond, including

appearing at trial. The evidence of Estrada’s pattern of being unable to control his conduct also

supports a finding that, if released on bail, Estrada could pose a danger to the community.

        After reviewing the evidence and considering it in light of the appropriate guidelines, we hold

that bail in the amount of $1,000,000 in the capital murder case is excessive and the trial court

abused its discretion by denying relief. We reverse the trial court’s order and order bail in the capital

murder case set at $600,000, subject to such reasonable terms and conditions as may be determined

by the trial court.



                                                         Steven C. Hilbig, Justice



Publish




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