MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                              FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be                                           Jul 23 2019, 8:51 am
regarded as precedent or cited before any                                           CLERK
court except for the purpose of establishing                                    Indiana Supreme Court
                                                                                   Court of Appeals
the defense of res judicata, collateral                                              and Tax Court


estoppel, or the law of the case.


APPELLANT PRO SE                                          ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Ronald Harris                                             Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Michigan City, Indiana                                    Attorney General of Indiana
                                                          J.T. Whitehead
                                                          Deputy Attorney General
                                                          Indianapolis, Indiana



                                           IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Ronald Harris,                                            July 23, 2019
Appellant-Defendant,                                      Court of Appeals Case No.
                                                          18A-PC-2833
        v.                                                Appeal from the Porter Superior
                                                          Court
State of Indiana,                                         The Honorable Jeffrey Clymer,
Appellee-Plaintiff.                                       Judge
                                                          Trial Court Cause No.
                                                          64D02-9102-CF-19



Brown, Judge.




Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2833 | July 23, 2019                      Page 1 of 13
[1]   Ronald Harris appeals the denial of his petition for post-conviction relief. We

      affirm.


                                       Facts and Procedural History

[2]   The relevant facts as discussed in Harris’s 1993 direct appeal follow:


              Portage police Sergeant Osberg found filling station attendant
              Harchand Dahliwahl dead in the Hudson Oil gas station in
              Portage. Dahliwahl had suffered a massive head wound
              determined to have been caused by a blast from a shotgun.
              Approximately $327 was missing from the station. During their
              investigation, police learned that Chris Peterson was involved in
              the robbery and killing. Police obtained a search warrant and
              recovered a sawed-off shotgun in Peterson’s automobile.

              Following Peterson’s arrest, his girlfriend, Marpessa Chase,
              informed police that Ronald Harris . . . was a friend of Peterson.
              Police then interviewed [Harris] on two separate occasions.
              Harris denied having anything to do with the shooting. He also
              denied the shootings in a taped telephone conversation with
              Chase. During an interview with FBI agents, [Harris] told them
              that he and Peterson “were driving around drinking and snorting
              cocaine when Peterson went in and shot a man.”

              Following approximately six hours of interrogation, [Harris]
              made a statement to the officers wherein he acknowledged that
              he had known Peterson for many years and that following
              Peterson’s service in the Marine Corps and his return home they
              renewed their friendship. He stated he knew that Peterson
              possessed a sawed-off shotgun and that he carried it with him.

              Just prior to the killing, they were driving around using cocaine,
              marijuana and drinking beer and Peterson became very angry
              because another driver cut him off in traffic. Shortly thereafter,
              while Peterson was still quite angry, they stopped at the filling
              station and Peterson entered and shot the attendant.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2833 | July 23, 2019   Page 2 of 13
        [Harris] claimed that after the shooting Peterson returned to the
        vehicle and that he yelled at him and asked him why he had done
        such a thing. [Harris] claimed he told Peterson he wanted
        nothing to do with the money Peterson obtained in the robbery
        and that he became frightened of Peterson fearing that he might
        kill him.

        The police then investigated a very similar shooting which had
        occurred in Cedar Lake, Indiana. [Harris] admitted being with
        Peterson on the night of the Cedar Lake shooting and then made
        a statement that he and Peterson had been driving around in
        Peterson’s car and went to Cedar Lake. He said Peterson stated
        he wanted to buy some “Tops” rolling papers and parked in a
        dark area near a filling station in Cedar Lake.

        [Harris] claims he remained in the automobile. Peterson took the
        shotgun and entered the station. Thereafter [Harris] stated that
        he heard a loud noise like an automobile backfire. Shortly
        thereafter Peterson returned to the vehicle, placed the shotgun in
        the back seat, and covered it with his coat or a small blanket. He
        was carrying a dark colored purse which he handed to [Harris].
        Various items from the purse and the purse itself were thrown
        from the car as they proceeded down the road and later were
        recovered.

        In his statement, [Harris] acknowledged that since the shooting
        in Cedar Lake he had changed his physical appearance in that he
        had grown a moustache and a short beard. In addition, he cut
        his hair. He stated that on the night of the shooting his hair was
        at least collar length and described it as stringy in appearance.

        After giving the second statement to the police, Harris was
        arrested for the Hudson Oil station shooting. During his
        statements and at trial, [Harris] claimed he merely accompanied
        Peterson and did not participate in the robberies or the shootings.
        Evidence concerning the Cedar Lake shooting was presented at
        the trial. Carrie Jillson testified that she and Rhonda
        Hammersley (the person killed at the Cedar Lake robbery) were

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2833 | July 23, 2019   Page 3 of 13
              working from 2:30 to 10:30 p.m. at the Petro Mart gas station in
              Cedar Lake. As they were closing the station, they noticed a
              two-door car drive by slowly and the occupants looked at them.
              Approximately three to five minutes later, a man ran from
              behind the car and shot Hammersley in the head with a shotgun.
              Jillson testified that the gun then was placed against the back of
              her head but she heard someone say, “All right, that’s enough.
              Let’s go.”

      Harris v. State, 617 N.E.2d 912, 913-914 (Ind. 1993), reh’g denied, overruled by

      Wright v. State, 690 N.E.2d 1098 (Ind. 1997), reh’g denied.


[3]   On December 13, 1990, the State charged Harris with assisting a criminal as a

      class C felony, murder (aiding, inducing, or causing an offense), and felony

      murder. At trial,


              Michael Lynn testified that he was incarcerated with [Harris].
              During that time, [Harris] told Lynn that Peterson was his best
              friend, that they had been going out doing robberies and doing
              drugs and that they were shooting people during the robberies
              with a .12 gauge shotgun. He stated that he was nervous about
              this activity and that Peterson told him he could change his
              appearance with his haircut and his moustache. [Harris] told
              Lynn specifics concerning the robbery at the Hudson Oil station
              and also stated that he had been involved in the Cedar Lake
              shooting although he claimed that Peterson was the triggerman.


      Id. at 914. After a trial, Harris was convicted as charged, and the court merged

      the count of aiding and inducing or causing murder into the felony murder

      conviction. Id. at 913. On direct appeal, the Indiana Supreme Court affirmed

      the convictions but held that the trial court erred in sentencing Harris on both



      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2833 | July 23, 2019   Page 4 of 13
      the assisting a criminal and the felony murder charges and remanded to merge

      the convictions of felony murder and assisting a criminal. See id. at 915-916.


[4]   On remand, the trial court merged the assisting a criminal charge with the

      felony murder conviction and then found that the original felony murder

      sentence was appropriate, enhancing the forty-year sentence by twenty years for

      four aggravating circumstances. Harris v. State, 643 N.E.2d 309, 310 (Ind.

      1994). Harris appealed and argued that the sixty-year sentence was improper

      because the trial court failed to set forth any mitigating circumstances. Id. The

      Indiana Supreme Court held that Harris was precluded from relitigating the

      issue on either res judicata or waiver grounds and affirmed the trial court. Id.


[5]   On January 24, 1995, Harris, pro se, filed a petition for post-conviction relief. 1

      On March 2, 1995, Attorney John Pinnow filed an appearance on behalf of

      Harris. On May 3, 1995, Harris’s counsel filed a belated motion for an

      indefinite continuance, which the court granted. On December 2, 1996,

      Harris’s counsel filed a verified motion to withdraw, which the post-conviction

      court granted. 2




      1
          The record does not contain a copy of Harris’s petition for post-conviction relief.
      2
       The record does not contain a copy of the motion to withdraw. Without citation to the record, Harris
      asserts that his counsel: stated that he had reviewed the record of proceedings from the trial, the direct appeal
      briefs, and opinions; spoke with trial and appellate counsel concerning the post-conviction allegations; spoke
      with him in person; withdrew his appearance because he had determined the petition was not meritorious;
      and provided him with an explanation of the reasons for withdrawal.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2833 | July 23, 2019                       Page 5 of 13
[6]   On August 28, 2003, Harris filed a motion for leave to amend petition and

      motion for appointment of counsel. On September 2, 2003, the court entered

      an order denying Harris’s motion for appointment of counsel, granting Harris’s

      motion to file an amended petition, and scheduling a hearing for November 21,

      2003 on the amended petition. 3 On November 21, 2003, the court held a

      hearing. An entry in the chronological case summary dated November 21,

      2003, states in part: “Deft requests continuance. Court grants request for

      continuance. Cause to be re-set for hrg at such time as the deft notifies this

      Court that he is ready to proceed to hrg on his amended petition for PCR.”

      Appellant’s Appendix Volume II at 14.


[7]   On March 1, 2018, Harris filed a “2ND VERIFIED AMENDMENT TO

      PETITION FOR POST-CONVICTION” in which he argued ineffectiveness of

      trial and appellate counsel with respect to certain jury instructions, lineup

      procedures, and the admission of evidence of other crimes. 4 Id. at 19. On May

      24, 2018, the State filed an answer to Harris’s second amended petition which

      denied all material allegations and asserted the defenses of res judicata and

      waiver.




      3
          The record does not contain a copy of the 2003 amended petition.
      4
        Without citation to the record, Harris asserts that he sought assistance from the Public Defender’s Office in
      October 2018, that the case was again referred to Attorney Pinnow, and that Attorney Pinnow made the
      claim that he had reviewed his prior case file as well as the petition filed on March 1, 2018, and that it was his
      opinion that the claim of newly discovered evidence held no merit and filed a notice of non-representation.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2833 | July 23, 2019                        Page 6 of 13
[8]   On October 23, 2018, the court entered an order denying Harris’s March 2018

      filing. Specifically, the court’s order states:


              On March 1, 2018, [Harris], pro-se, filed with the Court a 2nd
              Verified Amendment to Petition for Post-Conviction. The State
              of Indiana filed an answer on May 24, 2018 with the Court.

              After review of the Petitioner’s Motion, the State’s answer and
              the Court files in this cause, the Court finds as follows:

              1. On January 24, 1995, [Harris], pro-se, filed a Petition for Post-
              Conviction Relief.

              2. The State of Indiana filed a Response to the first PCR Petition
              on February 2, 1995.

              3. On February 24, 1995, the Public Defender of Indiana
              appointed counsel to represent the Petition for purposes of Post-
              Conviction Relief filed on January 24, 1995.

              4. On March 2, 1995, Attorney John Pinnow of the State’s
              Public Defender’s Office entered an appearance on behalf of
              [Harris].

              5. On December 2, 1996, Attorney Pinnow filed a Motion to
              Withdraw his appearance.

              6. On December 6, 1996, the Court granted Attorney Pinnow’s
              Motion to Withdraw.

              7. On August 28, 2003, [Harris], pro-se, filed a Motion for Leave
              to Amend Petition for Post-Conviction Relief, Amended Petition
              for Post-Conviction Relief and a Motion for Appointment of
              Counsel.

              8. On August 28, 2003, the State of Indiana filed an Objection to
              [Harris’s] Motion for Appointment of Counsel and a Response to
              [Harris’s] Amended Petition for Post-Conviction Relief.


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2833 | July 23, 2019   Page 7 of 13
              9. On September 2, 2003, The Court Denied [Harris’s] Motion
              for Counsel and Granted [Harris’s] Motion and ordered the
              Amended Petition be filed of record. The Court also set the
              matter for Hearing on November 21, 2003 at 1:30 pm and
              [Harris] was ordered to be transported from the Indiana
              Department of Correction.

              10. On November 21, 2003, a Hearing was held at which time
              [Harris] requested a continuance in order to present additional
              research and/or evidence on his amended petition. Court
              granted [Harris’s] request and hearing was to be re-set once
              [Harris] notified the Court he was ready to proceed.

              11. On March 1, 2018, [Harris], pro-se, filed a 2nd Verified
              Amendment to Petition for Post-Conviction Relief.

              12. On May 24, 2018, the State of Indiana filed an Answer to
              [Harris’s] Second Amended Petition for Post-Conviction Relief.

              The Court finds this is a successive petition and the Petitioner has
              not complied with Post Conviction Relief section 12. The Court
              also finds that the Court does not have jurisdiction as this
              petition has not been authorized by the Court of Appeals to file.
              Therefore, the Court does now, without hearing, DENY,
              [Harris’s] 2nd Verified Amendment to Petition for Post-
              Conviction Relief.


      Id. at 60-61.


                                                   Discussion

[9]   Before addressing Harris’s allegations of error, we observe that Harris is

      proceeding pro se. Such litigants are held to the same standard as trained

      counsel. Evans v. State, 809 N.E.2d 338, 344 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans. denied.

      Harris asks that we examine the second amended petition filed on March 1,


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2833 | July 23, 2019   Page 8 of 13
       2018. He argues that he had an absolute right to amend the petition prior to

       judgment. Without citation to the record, he asserts that his convictions should

       be overturned and his sentence vacated because “the principal (Christopher

       Peterson AKA Obadyah Ben-Yisrayl) was acquitted of (an) alleged murder in a

       separate jury trial, and had a writ of habeas corpus granted where the Porter

       County Prosecutor refused to retry the principal of the crimes that [he] is

       currently convicted of as an accomplice.” Appellant’s Brief at 20-21

       (underlining omitted). 5 The State asserts that the post-conviction court properly

       denied Harris’s petition because: it constituted a successive petition and this

       Court had not yet approved a successive petition; Harris no longer had, as a

       matter of right, leave to amend the petition; and his claims are precluded based

       upon res judicata.


[10]   Ind. Post-Conviction Rule 1(12) governs successive petitions and provides:


                (a) A petitioner may request a second, or successive, Petition for
                Post-Conviction Relief by completing a properly and legibly
                completed Successive Post-Conviction Relief Rule 1 Petition
                Form in substantial compliance with the form appended to this
                Rule. Both the Successive Post-Conviction Relief Rule 1 Petition
                Form and the proposed successive petition for post-conviction



       5
         Harris asserts elsewhere in his brief that Ben-Yisrayl’s conviction was overturned and reversed by the
       United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit and appears to cite Ben-Yisrayl v. Davis, 431 F.3d 1043,
       1053 (7th Cir. 2005), reh’g and reh’g en banc denied, which held that the prosecutor improperly challenged Ben-
       Yisrayl to explain his confession to the jury and invited the jury to infer guilt from his silence and to deem his
       confession reliable and accurate. The Seventh Circuit affirmed the district court’s grant of Ben-Yisrayl’s
       petition for writ of habeas corpus and remanded with instructions “to grant the writ unless the State of
       Indiana elects to retry him within 120 days from the issuance of this opinion.” 431 F.3d at 1053. We note
       that Ben-Yisrayl was convicted of other murders. See Peterson v. State, 674 N.E.2d 528, 531 (Ind. 1996), reh’g
       denied, cert. denied, 522 U.S. 1078, 118 S. Ct. 858 (1998).

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2833 | July 23, 2019                        Page 9 of 13
               relief shall be sent to the Clerk of the Indiana Supreme Court,
               Indiana Court of Appeals, and Tax Court.

               (b) The court will authorize the filing of the petition if the
               petitioner establishes a reasonable possibility that the petitioner is
               entitled to post-conviction relief. In making this determination,
               the court may consider applicable law, the petition, and materials
               from the petitioner’s prior appellate and post-conviction
               proceedings including the record, briefs and court decisions, and
               any other material the court deems relevant.

               (c) If the court authorizes the filing of the petition, it is to be (1)
               filed in the court where the petitioner’s first post-conviction relief
               petition was adjudicated for consideration pursuant to this rule
               by the same judge if that judge is available, and (2) referred to the
               State Public Defender, who may represent the petitioner as
               provided in Section 9(a) of this Rule. Authorization to file a
               successive petition is not a determination on the merits for any
               other purpose and does not preclude summary disposition
               pursuant to Section (4)(g) of this Rule.


[11]   The “Form for Successive Post-Conviction Relief Petitions” under the

       Appendix to Post-Conviction Rule 1 references a decision on the merits.

       Specifically, it provides in part:


               INSTRUCTIONS--READ CAREFULLY

               If you have previously filed a Petition for Post-Conviction Relief
               directed to this conviction or these convictions and the earlier
               petition was decided on the merits, you must fill out this form and
               file it along with your Petition. It must be legibly handwritten or
               typewritten, signed by the petitioner before a person authorized
               to take oaths and properly notarized. Since this must be signed
               under oath, any false statement of a material fact herein may
               serve as the basis of prosecution and conviction for perjury.
               Exercise care to be sure all answers are true and correct.

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2833 | July 23, 2019   Page 10 of 13
               You must mail the original and two copies of this form along
               with your petition to the Clerk of the Supreme Court and Court
               of Appeals . . . . The Clerk will refer your petition to the
               Supreme Court in death penalty cases and the Indiana Court of
               Appeals in all other cases. The court will then decide whether
               your petition may be filed in the trial court where your first Post-
               Conviction Remedy Rule 1 petition was adjudicated.

               NOTE: The court will allow a second or successive petition for
               post-conviction relief to be filed if the petitioner establishes a
               reasonable possibility that the petitioner is entitled to post-
               conviction relief. However, a petitioner does not establish a
               reasonable possibility that the petitioner is entitled to post-
               conviction relief, for example, (1) if the petitioner only alleges
               grounds for relief that are not different from those which have
               already been decided on the merits, or (2) if the only grounds
               alleged, even if different, should have been alleged in an earlier
               proceeding.


       Appendix to Ind. Post-Conviction Rule 1 (Emphases added).


[12]   Even assuming that Harris’s March 1, 2018 filing did not constitute a successive

       petition because a decision on the merits had not been previously rendered, we

       cannot say that reversal is warranted.


[13]   Ind. Post-Conviction Rule 1(4)(c) provides in part that “[t]he petitioner shall be

       given leave to amend the petition as a matter of right no later than sixty [60]

       days prior to the date the petition has been set for trial” and that “[a]ny later

       amendment of the petition shall be by leave of the court.” “[T]he plain

       language of the Rule compels us to review the post-conviction court’s actions in

       this regard under an abuse of discretion standard.” Tapia v. State, 753 N.E.2d

       581, 584 (Ind. 2001). “Outside of the plain language of the rule, two additional
       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2833 | July 23, 2019   Page 11 of 13
       arguments support an abuse of discretion review.” Id. “First, employing an

       abuse of discretion standard gives the post-conviction court the ability to curtail

       attempts by petitioners, including those in capital cases, to delay final judgment

       on their petitions.” Id. “Second, abuse of discretion is the well-established

       standard of review for voluntary motions to dismiss in the somewhat rare cases

       when such motions are subject to appeal.” Id.


[14]   The record reveals that Harris, pro se, filed his petition for post-conviction relief

       on January 24, 1995, and that the court granted the filing of an amended

       petition on September 2, 2003, scheduled a hearing on the second amended

       petition for November 21, 2003, and held a hearing that day. Harris filed his

       March 1, 2018 second verified amendment to his petition more than fourteen

       years after November 21, 2003. Thus, the amendment required leave of the

       court. We cannot say the court abused its discretion. 6


[15]   We also observe that the record does not contain a copy of Harris’s initial

       January 24, 1995 petition for post-conviction relief or his amended petition filed

       in 2003. Harris does not refer to these petitions. Rather, he asks that we



       6
         To support his assertion that he had an absolute right to amend the petition prior to judgment, Harris cites
       Neeley v. State, 269 Ind. 588, 382 N.E.2d 714 (1978), overruled on other grounds by German v. State, 428 N.E.2d
       234 (Ind. 1981). At the time Neeley was decided, Ind. Post-Conviction Rule 1(4)(c) provided: “At any time
       prior to entry of judgment the court may grant leave to withdraw the petition, and the petitioner shall be
       given leave to amend the petition as a matter of right.” The Indiana Supreme Court in Neeley held that “[t]he
       second phrase of Ind. R. P.C. 1 § 4(c) grants the petitioner an absolute right to amend a present petition for
       post-conviction relief prior to judgment.” Neeley, 269 Ind. at 591, 382 N.E.2d at 716. In 1995, Ind. Post-
       Conviction Rule 1(4)(c) was amended to provide: “At any time prior to entry of judgment the court may
       grant leave to withdraw the petition. The petitioner shall be given leave to amend the petition as a matter of
       right no later than sixty [60] days prior to the date the petition has been set for trial. Any later amendment of
       the petition shall be by leave of the court.”

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2833 | July 23, 2019                      Page 12 of 13
       “examine the Amendment filed on March 01, 2018.” Appellant’s Brief at 18.

       Under the circumstances, we cannot say that reversal is warranted.


[16]   For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the post-conviction court.


[17]   Affirmed.


       May, J., and Mathias, J., concur.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-PC-2833 | July 23, 2019   Page 13 of 13
