                                                      STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA 

                                                    SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

                                                                                     FILED
In re K.D., J.D.-1, M.R., and N.R.                                               March 12, 2018
                                                                                 EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK
No. 17-0927 (Barbour County 15-JA-35, 36, 37, and 38)                            SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                                     OF WEST VIRGINIA 



                                                          MEMORANDUM DECISION
        Petitioner Mother, J.D.-2, by counsel Keith Skeen, appeals the Circuit Court of Barbour
County’s April 12, 2017, order terminating her parental rights to K.D., J.D.-1, M.R., and N.R.1
The West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel Lee
Niezgoda, filed a response in support of the circuit court’s order. The guardian ad litem
(“guardian”), Mary S. Nelson, filed a response on behalf of the children in support of the circuit
court’s order and a supplemental appendix. On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court
erred in denying her motion for a post-dispositional improvement period and making findings of
facts not based on evidence.2

        This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal
arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided
by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record
presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these
reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

        On August 15, 2015, petitioner was taken to the hospital for a drug overdose. She tested
positive for benzodiazepines, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and opiates. On August 20,
2015, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition alleging that petitioner failed to provide
proper care, food, and supervision to her children due to her drug abuse. The DHHR also alleged
that petitioner gave her food stamp card to a friend instead of using it to provide food for her
children. Petitioner waived her preliminary hearing. On January 21, 2016, following a
continuance of the original adjudicatory hearing due to petitioner’s admission to inpatient drug
treatment, petitioner stipulated that her drug abuse caused her to fail to provide proper care for
                                                            
              1
         Consistent with our long-standing practice in cases with sensitive facts, we use initials
where necessary to protect the identities of those involved in this case. See In re K.H., 235 W.Va.
254, 773 S.E.2d 20 (2015); Melinda H. v. William R. II, 230 W.Va. 731, 742 S.E.2d 419 (2013);
State v. Brandon B., 218 W.Va. 324, 624 S.E.2d 761 (2005); State v. Edward Charles L., 183
W.Va. 641, 398 S.E.2d 123 (1990). Additionally, because one of the children and petitioner have
the same initials, they will be referred to as J.D.-1 and J.D.-2, respectively, throughout this
memorandum decision.
              2
        Petitioner does not raise a specific assignment of error regarding termination of her
parental rights.
                                                                   1

 
her children. Petitioner was adjudicated as an abusing parent and granted a post-adjudicatory
improvement period. On July 7, 2016, the circuit court held a review hearing wherein the DHHR
presented testimony that petitioner failed to comply with drug screens. The DHHR also
presented testimony that petitioner was a passenger in a vehicle in which drugs were confiscated
pursuant to a traffic stop.

        On September 7, 2016, the circuit court held a dispositional hearing wherein petitioner
moved for a post-dispositional improvement period, which the circuit court denied. According to
the DHHR, petitioner initially complied with some services, but she failed to consistently submit
to drug screens as ordered, obtain proper housing, and participate in therapy to address her
addiction issues. Further, petitioner moved to Virginia at the end of her post-adjudicatory
improvement period and after the dispositional hearing was scheduled. She failed to disclose her
move to her multidisciplinary team until after the move was completed. The DHHR alleged that
petitioner’s move to Virginia hindered her ability to participate in services. Petitioner testified
that she moved to Virginia to live with her mother and to get away from certain friends and a
drug abusing environment. The guardian testified that petitioner missed months of drug screens
before she moved to Virginia and she voiced concerns regarding how the DHHR would monitor
an improvement period in Virginia. The DHHR opposed granting petitioner a post-dispositional
improvement period given that the case had been ongoing for over a year. The circuit court
found that services could not be properly monitored in Virginia and, due to petitioner’s failure to
comply with services while she lived in West Virginia, she was unlikely to comply with services
while living in Virginia. The circuit court found no reasonable likelihood that petitioner could
substantially correct the conditions of abuse and neglect in the near future and that termination of
petitioner’s parental rights was in the children’s best interests. The circuit court re-entered the
dispositional order on April 12, 2017, for purposes of appeal.3 It is from the dispositional order
that petitioner appeals.

              The Court has previously established the following standard of review:

                      “Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de
              novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the
              facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the
              evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether
              such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a
              reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when,
              although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire
              evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been
              committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply
              because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if
              the circuit court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record
              viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223,
              470 S.E.2d 177 (1996).


                                                            
              3
       The parental rights of the children’s fathers were also terminated below. The
permanency plan for the children is adoption by the current foster family.
                                                               2

 
Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011). Upon our review, the Court finds
no error in the proceedings below.

        First, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in denying her motion for a post-
dispositional improvement period because under West Virginia Code § 49-4-604(b)(7), she
should be granted an improvement period unless the DHHR is not required to make reasonable
efforts to preserve the family due to aggravated circumstances. Petitioner argues that because
aggravated circumstances do not exist here, she should be granted an improvement period. We
disagree, as petitioner misstates the burden to receive an improvement period.  West Virginia
Code § 49-4-610(3)(D) provides that in order to obtain a post-dispositional improvement period
after having already received an improvement period, a parent must show that “since the initial
improvement period, the [parent] has experienced a substantial change in circumstances” and
that the parent “shall demonstrate that due to that change in circumstances, the [parent] is likely
to fully participate in the improvement period.”

        On appeal, petitioner admits that during her post-adjudicatory improvement period, she
missed drug screens. Further, the record shows that petitioner failed to secure housing and failed
to participate in therapy. Petitioner argues that she participated in treatment and obtained housing
in Virginia; however, petitioner moved to Virginia without first discussing the move with her
multidisciplinary team. The DHHR and guardian both raised concerns about the move, and the
circuit court found that the DHHR would not be able to appropriately monitor services in
Virginia. Further, “West Virginia law allows the circuit court discretion in deciding whether to
grant a parent an improvement period.” In re M.M., 236 W. Va. 108, 115, 778 S.E.2d 338, 345
(2015). Moreover, petitioner failed to prove a substantial change in circumstances sufficient to
warrant the granting of an additional improvement period.

        Petitioner further argues that she should have been granted an improvement period to
address abuse and neglect issues because she admitted to the allegations in the petition.
However, petitioner ignores the fact that she was granted a post-adjudicatory improvement
period and failed to comply with its terms and conditions. Finally, petitioner argues that in the
time since the dispositional hearing, she has proven that she would comply with an improvement
period. However, we cannot consider assertions of improvements after the dispositional hearing,
as there is no evidence in the record of such. Therefore, we find no error in the circuit court’s
denial of petitioner’s motion for a post-dispositional improvement period.

        Next, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred in making findings of fact not
supported by evidence. We disagree and find this argument without merit. The DHHR presented
evidence at the July 7, 2016, review hearing that petitioner was a passenger in a vehicle in which
drugs were confiscated pursuant to a traffic stop. In its dispositional order, the circuit court found
that petitioner was stopped in a vehicle with drugs in it. On appeal, petitioner maintains that she
did not know the driver personally and did not know the driver had marijuana and paraphernalia
in her purse, but admits that she was in the vehicle when it was stopped. Moreover, the circuit
court’s finding regarding the traffic stop was supported by evidence presented by the DHHR, and
petitioner’s own admission confirms the same. Therefore, we find no error.

       For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court, and its
April 12, 2017, order is hereby affirmed.
                                                  3

 
                                         Affirmed.

ISSUED: March 12, 2018


CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Robin Jean Davis
Justice Menis E. Ketchum
Justice Allen H. Loughry II
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
 

 

 

 




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