[Cite as Combs v. Combs, 2019-Ohio-3685.]




                           IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                              SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
                                   CHAMPAIGN COUNTY

 TODD A. COMBS                                    :
                                                  :
         Plaintiff-Appellant                      :   Appellate Case No. 2019-CA-2
                                                  :
 v.                                               :   Trial Court Case No. 2018-DR-63
                                                  :
 AMY L. COMBS                                     :
                                                  :   (Appeal from Common Pleas Court –
         Defendant-Appellee                       :   Juvenile Division)
                                                  :

                                             ...........

                                            OPINION

                        Rendered on the 13th day of September, 2019.

                                             ...........

TODD A. COMBS, 5900 Gilbert Road, North Lewisburg, Ohio 43060
     Plaintiff-Appellant, Pro Se

RONALD C. TOMPKINS, Atty. Reg. No. 0030007, 121 South Main Street, Urbana, Ohio
43078
      Attorney for Defendant-Appellee

                                            .............

HALL, J.
                                                                                         -2-




         {¶ 1} Todd A. Combs appeals pro se from the trial court’s judgment entry granting

him a divorce from appellee Amy L. Combs on the grounds of incompatibility and resolving

all issues between them.

         {¶ 2} The trial court’s divorce decree incorporated a partial agreed judgment entry

in which the parties voluntarily resolved nearly all issues. One issue on which they did not

agree concerned gifts made by Todd’s parents during the marriage.1 The record reflects

that Todd’s parents owned a house and farmland with a fair market value of $225,000.

During the parties’ marriage, Todd’s parents conveyed the property to Todd and Amy for

a below-market-value purchase price of $100,000. Todd’s parents also made a gift of

$20,000 for a down payment, leaving Todd and Amy with an $80,000 mortgage that was

in both of their names.

         {¶ 3} In the proceedings below, the parties disputed whether the $125,000

difference between the purchase price of the property and its fair market value constituted

a gift to Todd and Amy or to Todd alone. The parties similarly disputed whether the

$20,000 provided for a down payment constituted a gift to Todd and Amy or to Todd

alone. At a hearing on the issue, Todd presented testimony from his mother, his father,

and two siblings. Each of these witnesses essentially testified that Todd had worked on

the family farm for many years, that his parents wanted him to have it, and that the

discounted-value gift and the down-payment gift were intended for him alone. Todd also

testified to the same effect. For her part, Amy testified that Todd’s parents had sold the

house to her and Todd and that both of their names were on the deed and the mortgage.


1   For purposes of clarity, we will refer to the parties by their first names.
                                                                                         -3-


      {¶ 4} In resolving the issue, the trial court declined to credit the testimony

presented by Todd and his witnesses. It reasoned:

             The testimony of Plaintiff, his parents, and siblings was that because

      he had always helped farm the property and was going to continue to farm

      the property, his parents wanted him to have the property as opposed to his

      brother and sister who they would make other arrangements for such as

      taking care of debt and giving a place to live.

             It is because they wanted Plaintiff to have the farm that they sold it

      to him, not his siblings. And although the deed was in both Plaintiff and

      Defendant’s names, and the buyers/borrowers on the closing statement

      were both Plaintiff and Defendant, and the “gift from parents” on the closing

      statement is on the column of both Plaintiff and Defendant as borrowers,

      Plaintiff and both his parents, testified that the $20,000 gift and the $125,000

      discounted value were both meant only for their son, the Plaintiff, and not

      he and Defendant. There was further testimony from Plaintiff’s mother about

      this all being in a certain agreement, but none was ever produced.

             Defendant testified that the gift of $20,000 and the discounted value

      of $125,000 were to both she and Plaintiff as husband and wife as reflected

      in the deed to both of them of the property.

             Pursuant to ORC 3107.171(H), holding title in one name or both

      names does not determine whether property is marital or separate.

      Therefore, the fact that Plaintiff and Defendant’s names are both on the

      deed is not dispositive of the issue.
                                                                                           -4-


               Further, although both of Plaintiff’s parents testified that the $20,000

        and $125,000 discount were only gifts to their son and not their daughter-

        in-law, the Court believes this is easy to say now that the parties are in the

        middle of a divorce, their marriage is over. The Court would expect that from

        parents. However, the Court does not believe that was Plaintiff’s parents’

        intention at the time they sold the property when times were good between

        their son and his wife. The Court believes they were a happily married

        couple and Plaintiff’s parents sold the property and gave the gift and

        discount to both of them as a couple.

               Pursuant to ORC 3105.171(A)(6)(a)(vii), because it has not been

        shown by clear and convincing evidence that the gift and discount value gift

        were given to only one spouse, said gift and discount gift are not the

        separate property of Plaintiff, but is marital property of both spouses, subject

        to division of this Court.

               The Court, therefore, finds the gift and discounted amount totaling

        $145,000 is a gift to both parties and is, therefore, marital property of which

        Defendant shall receive one-half.

(Emphasis added.) (Doc. # 48 at 2-3).

        {¶ 5} In his sole assignment of error, Todd challenges only the trial court’s

determination that the discounted purchase price of the property was not a gift to him

alone. He cites the testimony from his parents about their intent. He also cites his siblings’

testimony about him being left out of any other inheritance because he got the family

farm.
                                                                                               -5-


       {¶ 6} Upon review, we find Todd’s argument to be unpersuasive. “Generally, the

party claiming that an asset is separate property has the burden of proving the claim by

a preponderance of the evidence.” Hall v. Hall, 2d Dist. Greene No. 2013 CA 15, 2013-

Ohio-3758, ¶ 14, citing Peck v. Peck, 96 Ohio App.3d 731, 734, 645 N.E.2d 1300 (12th

Dist.1994). But when the property involves a gift made during the marriage, it is presumed

to be marital property. Overcoming this presumption requires clear and convincing

evidence that the gift was given to only one spouse. Id. “Clear and convincing evidence

means that degree of proof which will provide in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief

or conviction as to the facts sought to be established.” Id.

       {¶ 7} Here the trial court found that Todd had failed to prove by clear and

convincing evidence that his parents had intended to make gifts to him alone. That being

so, he did not overcome the presumption that gifts made during the marriage are marital

property. In reaching its conclusion, the trial court expressly disbelieved the testimony

about Todd’s parents’ intent to make gifts only to him. Instead, the trial court believed that

they gave both the down-payment gift and the discounted-value gift to Todd and Amy as

a couple. In its role as trier of fact, the trial court had discretion to make this determination,

which rested on an assessment of witness credibility—a matter “within the province of the

trial court.” Enroute Card v. Roysden, 2d Dist. Greene No. 96 CA 100, 1997 WL 435700,

*2 (Aug. 1, 1997). Having reviewed the record, we find no abuse of discretion in the trial

court’s resolution of the testimony before it.

       {¶ 8} Insofar as Todd contends his being left out of any other inheritance supports

a finding that the discounted purchase price of the property was intended to be a gift to

him alone, his argument fails for at least two reasons. First, even if Todd’s parents did
                                                                                        -6-


intend for the reduced purchase price to be in lieu of any other inheritance, there is no

reason why they could not have intended to make this gift to Todd and Amy as a married

couple, as the trial court found. Second, the record contains absolutely no evidence about

the value of any other inheritances available to Todd’s siblings. It could be that even the

one-half interest in the down-payment gift and the discounted purchase price gift to which

the trial court found Todd entitled remains equal to or greater than any inheritance his

siblings will receive. We see no evidence from which we can conclude that Todd

necessarily was intended to receive the entire down-payment gift and the discounted

purchase price gift to equalize inheritances among his siblings.

       {¶ 9} For the foregoing reasons, we overrule Todd’s assignment of error and affirm

the judgment of the Champaign County Common Pleas Court.

                                     .............



WELBAUM, P.J. and TUCKER, J., concur.


Copies sent to:

Todd A. Combs
Ronald C. Tompkins
Hon. Brett A. Gilbert
