       Third District Court of Appeal
                               State of Florida

                          Opinion filed August 1, 2018.
         Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.
                               ________________

                                No. 3D18-614
                         Lower Tribunal No. 16-15137
                             ________________

                              A.M., the Mother,
                                    Petitioner,

                                        vs.

   Department of Children and Families and Guardian ad Litem
                           Program,
                                  Respondents.


      A Writ of Certiorari to the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Rosa C.
Figarola, Judge.

      Thomas Butler, P.A., and Thomas Butler, for petitioner.

      Karla Perkins, for respondent Department of Children & Families; Laura J.
Lee (Tallahassee), for respondent Guardian ad Litem Program.


Before ROTHENBERG, C.J., and SUAREZ and LINDSEY, JJ.

      SUAREZ, J.

      The Mother, A.M., petitions for certiorari review of the trial court’s

February 27, 2018 order changing her case plan goal from reunification to
adoption. The Mother claims she was denied due process as she was not noticed

that the change in her case plan was to be addressed at the hearing and, also, that

the trial court’s decision changing her case plan from reunification to adoption is

not supported by the required finding of a preponderance of the evidence. Based

on our review of the record presented, we agree with the mother on both points and

grant the writ requested.

     The standard of review on a petition for a writ of certiorari is whether the

circuit court departed from the essential requirements of law so as to materially

injure the petitioner throughout the remainder of the proceedings. Baptist Hosp. of

Miami, Inc. v. Garcia, 994 So. 2d 390, 393 (Fla. 3d DCA 2008). To merit certiorari

review, we must find that (1) the trial court departed from the essential

requirements of the law; (2) this departure will result in material injury for the

remainder of the case; and (3) the departure cannot be corrected on post-judgment

appeal. See D.G. v. Dept. of Children and Families, 16 So. 3d 972, 973 (Fla. 3d

DCA 2009).

      The Department of Children and Families (“DCF”) properly concedes that

the order at issue constitutes a departure from the essential requirements of law as

there was no evidentiary basis to support the change of case plan goal from

reunification to adoption. The sole testimony presented at the February 27, 2018

hearing was that of the children’s guardian ad litem (“GAL”), who did not



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recommend a change of goal; the GAL’s report recommended that the Mother be

reunified with the children. Further, the DCF’s Judicial Review Social Study

Report presented at the hearing recommended reunification, and the Mother’s most

recent case plan was structured toward reunification. Additionally, the Mother was

not put on notice that a change of case plan goal would be considered at the

hearing, thereby denying her due process. The DCF additionally concedes that the

goal change relieves the DCF from providing further referrals for services,

constituting material injury that cannot be remedied on post-judgment appeal. We

agree and grant the petition for certiorari, quash the order below and remand for

further proceedings.

      The Mother has also filed a petition for writ of prohibition, which we deny.

The Mother’s motion to disqualify the trial judge is based solely on the judge’s

change of case plan goal. We find such grounds to be legally insufficient to

establish a well-grounded fear on the movant’s part that she will not receive a fair

hearing. See Arbelaez v. State, 898 So. 2d 25, 41 (Fla. 2005). Further, “[a] mere

‘subjective fear [ ]’ of bias will not be legally sufficient; rather, the fear must be

objectively reasonable.” Id. (citing Fischer v. Knuck, 497 So. 2d 240, 242 (Fla.

1986)).

      Certiorari granted, order quashed; Prohibition denied.




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