                                                                                                09/19/2017


                                             DA 17-0112
                                                                                            Case Number: DA 17-0112

               IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
                                            2017 MT 231N



IN RE THE MARRIAGE OF:

SHANNON R. PATTERSON,

                Petitioner and Appellee,

         and

JOSH T. PATTERSON,

                Petitioner and Appellant.


APPEAL FROM:            District Court of the Fourth Judicial District,
                        In and For the County of Missoula, Cause No. DR 10-368
                        Honorable Edward P. McLean, Presiding Judge


COUNSEL OF RECORD:

                 For Appellant:

                        Josh T. Patterson, self-represented, Missoula, Montana

                 For Appellee:

                        Richard A. Reep, Reep, Bell, Laird & Jasper, P.C., Missoula, Montana



                                                     Submitted on Briefs: August 23, 2017

                                                                 Decided: September 19, 2017


Filed:

                        __________________________________________
                                          Clerk
Justice Jim Rice delivered the Opinion of the Court.



¶1     Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating

Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion and shall not be cited and does not

serve as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this

Court’s quarterly list of non-citable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana

Reports.

¶2     This appeal arises out of a marriage dissolution proceeding in which a decree was

entered in the Fourth Judicial District Court, Missoula County, on June 1, 2010, dissolving

the marriage of Josh Patterson and Shannon Patterson, n/k/a Shannon Hayden. The

proceedings have been extensive since then, as reflected by the over 350 entries in the

District Court docket. The appellate history has been similarly complicated, including the

dismissal by this Court of three attempted appeals by Josh, proceeding pro se, prior to the

entry of an appropriate final judgment.

¶3     Josh’s central challenges on appeal are to the parenting order that placed the parties’

child, C.P., in the sole care and control of Shannon, and to the District Court’s award of

attorney fees. These issues were primarily determined in the District Court’s order of

July 14, 2016, which also placed the custody of the parties’ other child, W.P., with Josh.




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Josh’s arguments incorporate objections to parts of other orders as well, but these are the

primary issues raised.1

¶4     The District Court found that the effect of the numerous filings by Josh “was to

multiply these proceedings dramatically and to prolong final resolution of outstanding

issues,” even though “[t]he record is replete with warnings and admonitions against

Josh . . .” by the District Court. “Despite this, Josh persisted in failing to respond to

discovery, in filing inappropriate pleadings, and otherwise multiplying these proceedings

in a manner which was clearly not in the best interest of the children.” The District Court

found that “Josh repeatedly resisted the children’s counselor and the GAL’s

recommendations creating litigation which resulted in numerous orders from this Court.

Josh failed to comply with the terms of the Decree resulting in unnecessary litigation and

orders to compel.”2 The District Court explained that a basis for Shannon’s request for

attorney fees was Josh’s “unnecessary duplication and multiplication of these

proceedings.”




1
  Josh summarizes his challenge to the orders regarding attorney’s fees entered by the District
Court as follows: “On January 18, 2017, based on the erroneous July 14, 2016 Findings of Fact,
Conclusion of Law and Order, perpetuating historic erroneous Findings of Fact beginning with the
August 19, 2015 Findings of Fact, the District Court ordered Josh to pay another $5,197.08 in
attorney’s fees, in addition to the thousands of dollars in attorney’s fees previously awarded
Shannon.” Thus, we reference findings entered by the District Court in these various orders to
address the issues raised on appeal.
2
  In contrast, the District Court stated in its findings that “[t]his Court notes that Shannon has
followed virtually every recommendation issued by this Court, participating counselors and the
Guardian ad litem.”

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¶5     Regarding Josh’s approach to parenting the children, the District Court found that:

       Josh has continued to involve both WP and CP in this dispute by discussing
       financial matters, visitation schedules, and all manner of adult issues. He has
       been warned to cease such discussions but, by all appearances, neither he nor
       his family [have] discontinued this campaign against Shannon . . . . This
       Court finds that Josh has embarked on a significant campaign to alienate the
       children from their mother, Shannon. Through his continued criticism,
       slander, and disparagement of Shannon, he has encouraged both WP and CP
       to disrespect their mother and officers of the legal system and [has] alienated
       Shannon from the children’s love and affection and [has] alienated the
       children from Shannon’s love and affection.

The District Court thus concluded that “[b]ecause this Court has found that significant

parental alienation has occurred, CP’s custodial status with Shannon shall be as a sole

custodian.”3

¶6     The record further demonstrates that Josh’s attacks have included the use of social

media, where the parties’ two minor children can not only view the content, but can

participate by liking and commenting. Josh has complained about the handling of the case,

called Shannon derogatory names and even posted sexually explicit photos of Shannon—

all of which the children could see. Josh called Shannon derogatory names in text messages

to his children and supported the children’s use of derogatory names for Shannon on social

media. Josh has taken extreme action in the case, including suing the Guardian Ad Litem,

attempting to introduce an adult video of Shannon into evidence, and attempting to

introduce other evidence of alleged past sexual misconduct by Shannon. Josh’s actions are

in clear violation of the parenting plan and against the best interest of the children. Josh


3
  Although the District Court referred to Shannon as “sole custodian,” the order nonetheless
allowed Josh to exercise parenting time with C.P.
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commonly alleges judicial corruption as the reason for the rulings against him, which we

completely reject for lack of factual basis.

¶7     “A finding of fact is clearly erroneous if it is not supported by substantial evidence,

if the court misapprehended the effect of the evidence or if, upon reviewing the record, this

Court is left with the definite and firm conviction that the district court made a mistake.”

In re S.T., 2008 MT 19, ¶ 8, 341 Mont. 176, 176 P.3d 1054 (citation omitted). The appellant

has “the duty to present the supreme court with a record sufficient to enable it to rule upon

the issues raised. Failure to present the court with a sufficient record on appeal may result

in . . . affirmance of the district court on the basis the appellant has presented an insufficient

record.” M. R. App. P. 8(2).

¶8     Josh argues that several of the District Court’s recent orders awarding attorney’s

fees are based on erroneous findings of fact. However, Josh provides few citations to the

record demonstrating these findings are erroneous. Josh quibbles over the language used

by the District Court and details of the complex and lengthy litigation. Josh has not met

his burden to demonstrate the District Court’s finding of fact was erroneous. We affirm

the District Court’s determination that the award of attorney’s fees is supported by the

record, given Josh’s own egregious conduct, the terms of the parenting plan and marital

settlement which allows for attorney’s fees, and § 37-61-421, MCA, which allows a litigant

to be held responsible for attorney’s fees when he unreasonably and vexatiously multiplies

the proceedings.




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¶9     Josh also argues that the District Court violated his free speech rights by punishing

him for his social media posts, and by curtailing future posts. A state “may sometimes

curtail speech [ . . . ] when necessary to advance a significant and legitimate state interest.”

State v. Lance, 222 Mont. 92, 103, 721 P.2d 1258, 1266 (1986) (quoting City Council v.

Taxpayers for Vincent, 466 U.S. 789, 804, 104 S. Ct. 2118, 2128 (1984)). Here, there is a

compelling interest in protecting the minor children from being exposed to the adult matters

involved in this litigation, especially Josh’s continual denigration of the children’s mother.

Further, the curtailment is sufficiently narrow, as Josh is only prohibited from speaking

where his children are exposed to his speech. Therefore, Josh’s free speech rights have not

been violated.

¶10    Finally, Josh argues that his constitutional right to parent has been infringed by

awarding Shannon full custody of their younger child, C.P. Custody of a child may be

terminated, but the district court must carefully follow the procedures set forth by the

legislature for doing so. Fischer v. Fischer, 2007 MT 101, ¶ 24, 337 Mont. 122, 157 P.3d

682. Josh does not contend that the District Court failed to follow the procedures set forth

by the legislature, nor does he challenge these procedures. Thus, he has not properly raised

a constitutional challenge. We note that Josh’s rights as a parent have been significantly

limited because his own conduct is against the best interest of the children.

¶11    We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c) of our

Internal Operating Rules, which provides for memorandum opinions. In the opinion of the

Court, the case presents a question controlled by settled law or by the clear application of

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applicable standards of review. Having reviewed the briefs and limited record on appeal,

we conclude that the District Court’s findings of fact are not clearly erroneous, the

conclusions of law are correct, and there has been no abuse of discretion.

¶12    Affirmed.



                                                 /S/ JIM RICE


We concur:

/S/ MICHAEL E WHEAT
/S/ LAURIE McKINNON
/S/ BETH BAKER
/S/ DIRK M. SANDEFUR




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