                   IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

                                  No. 18-1798
                               Filed July 3, 2019


ANTHONY SHELLITO,
    Plaintiff-Appellant,

vs.

MORGAN KAISER,
     Defendant-Appellee.
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      Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Mills County, James S. Heckerman,

Judge.



      Anthony Shellito appeals from the district court order modifying the decree

governing custody, visitation, and support of the child he shares with Morgan

Kaiser. AFFIRMED.



      Kyle E. Focht of Focht Law Office, Council Bluffs, for appellant.

      Jaclyn A. Tackett of Tackett Law Offices, Glenwood, for appellee.



      Considered by Potterfield, P.J., and Doyle and May, JJ.
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DOYLE, Judge.

         Anthony Shellito and Morgan Kaiser are the parents of a child born in 2010.

In May 2015, a North Dakota court entered a decree governing custody, visitation,

and support of the child based on the parties’ stipulation. Pursuant to that decree,

Anthony and Morgan share legal custody of the child, with Morgan receiving

physical care of the child subject to Anthony’s visitation rights.

         Morgan and the child moved to Glenwood, Iowa, shortly after the decree’s

entry, and several months later, Anthony moved to Nebraska. In December 2017,

after learning Morgan intended to move to Kansas City, Anthony petitioned the

Iowa district court to modify the decree and grant him physical care. The district

court declined to modify physical care, finding:

         Anthony did not meet his heavy burden of proving the ability to
         provide superior care for [the child]. The Court finds that both
         Anthony and Morgan are fit parents, and [the child] benefits from both
         Anthony and Morgan being involved in her life. However, Anthony
         did not show that he is able to more effectively minister to the needs
         of the child.

Anthony appeals.

         Our review is de novo. See Iowa R. App. P. 6.907. We examine the entire

record and adjudicate the issues anew but give weight to the district court’s factual

findings, especially with respect to witness credibility.     See Iowa R. App. P.

6.904(3)(g).      In determining questions of child custody, our controlling

consideration is the child’s best interests, a determination we must make on a

case-by-case basis. See In re Marriage of Hoffman, 867 N.W.2d 26, 32 (Iowa

2015).
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       It is a fundamental principle that “once custody of [a child] has been fixed it

should be disturbed only for the most cogent reasons. Id. (citation omitted).

Therefore, before we may modify the physical care provisions of the decree to

place the child in Anthony’s care, Anthony must meet the “heavy burden” of

showing “a superior ability to minister to the needs of the [child].” In re Marriage

of Harris, 877 N.W.2d 434, 440 (Iowa 2016) (citation omitted). Although Anthony

offers many criticisms of Morgan’s parenting, he presents little evidence

demonstrating how his caretaking would be superior. Anthony states in his brief

that he

       believes that the aforementioned reasoning provides evidence of his
       ability to render superior parenting. [His] relocations have been in
       efforts to exercise parenting time with the minor child. During the two
       weeks [Anthony] is home from work, he spends quality time with his
       wife, step-daughter, and infant daughter. In stark contrast to
       [Morgan]’s frequent use of third-party caregivers, [Anthony] testified
       that he has only utilized childcare for the minor child, from her
       grandparents, twice in three years.

       We agree with the district court that Anthony is a fit parent, but we cannot

conclude, after our de novo review of the record, that Anthony met his heavy

burden of showing a superior ability to minister to the needs of the child. Because

Anthony has failed to meet his burden of showing a superior ability to minister to

the child’s needs, we decline to modify the physical care provisions of the decree.

Accordingly, we affirm.

       Morgan requested an award of appellate attorney fees. Such an award is

not a matter of right but rest within our discretion. See In re Marriage of Sullins,

715 N.W.2d 242, 255 (Iowa 2006). We consider “the needs of the party seeking

the award, the ability of the other party to pay, and the relative merits of the appeal.”
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We acknowledge Morgan has had to defend the trial court’s rulings, but after

considering the above factors, we decline to award Morgan appellate attorney

fees. Costs on appeal are assessed to Anthony.

      AFFIRMED.
