                                                             NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                _____________

                                    No. 10-3970
                                   _____________

                IN RE: TROPICANA ENTERTAINMENT LLC, et al.,

                                      Reorganized Debtors

                        AD HOC CONSORTIUM OF SENIOR
                        SUBORDINATED NOTEHOLDERS,

                                            Appellant

                    On Appeal from the United States District Court
                             for the District of Delaware
                                   (No. 09-cv-00771)
                        District Judge: Hon. Sue L. Robinson

                             Argued September 20, 2011

           Before: AMBRO, CHAGARES and ALDISERT, Circuit Judges.

                               (Filed: August 31, 2012)


Lee E. Kaufman, Esq.
Richards, Layton & Finger
One Rodney Square
920 North King Street
Wilmington, DE 19899-0000

Counsel for Debtor Tropicana Entertainment LLC

James C. Carignan, Esq.
John H. Schanne, II, Esq.
David B. Stratton, Esq.
Pepper Hamilton
1313 Market Street
Suite 5100, P.O. Box 1709
Wilmington, DE 19899-1709

Daniel J. Saval, Esq. (argued)
Edward S. Weisfelner, Esq.
Brown Rudnick
7 Times Square
47th Floor
New York, NY 10036-0000

Counsel for Plaintiff-Appellant Ad Hoc Consortium of Senior Subordinated Noteholders

Robert S. Brady, Esq.
Young, Conaway, Stargatt & Taylor
1000 West Street, P.O. Box 391
17th Floor, Brandywine Building
Wilmington, DE 19801

James O. Johnston, Esq. (argued)
Dewey & Leboeuf
333 South Grand Avenue
Suite 2600
Los Angeles, CA 90071

Counsel for Defendants-Appellees Liquidating Landco Debtors and Tropicana Las Vegas
Inc.

Sandra G.M. Selzer, Esq.
Greenberg Traurig
1007 North Orange Street
Suite 1200
Wilmington, DE 19801-0000

Counsel for Defendant William J. Yung, III

Mark A. Broude, Esq. (argued)
Latham & Watkins
885 Third Avenue
Suite 1000
New York, NY 10022-4802

Michael R. Lastowski, Esq.
Duane Morris

                                             2
222 Delaware Avenue
Suite 1600
Wilmington, DE 19801-0000

Counsel for Defendants-Appellees Steering Committee of Senior Secured Lenders

                                       ____________

                                         OPINION
                                      ____________


CHAGARES, Circuit Judge.

       The Ad Hoc Consortium of Senior Subordinated Noteholders 1 appeals from the

denial of a motion for reimbursement of $2,320,172 in fees and expenses, as a substantial

contribution to the debtors’ estate, pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 503(b)(3)(D). For the reasons

that follow, we will affirm.

                                              I.

       We write solely for the benefit of the parties and will, therefore, only briefly recite

the facts essential to our disposition. On December 12, 2007 the New Jersey Casino

Control Commission revoked the gaming license issued to Tropicana Entertainment LLC

and related entities (collectively, “Tropicana”) as a result of the gross mismanagement of

board member William J. Yung, III. The revocation of the New Jersey license led to

threats of de-licensure for Tropicana’s operations in Indiana and Nevada and triggered

events of default under Tropicana’s secured credit facility and indenture. In short,

Tropicana faced severe financial difficulty. In response, the Ad Hoc Consortium of

1
 This Consortium consists of institutions that, at all relevant times, held more than 65%
of senior unsecured notes issued by the primary debtors in this bankruptcy action,
Tropicana Entertainments LLC and Tropicana Finance Corporation.
                                              3
Senior Subordinated Noteholders (the “Consortium”) urged Yung to step down

voluntarily from Tropicana’s board of directors. Yung refused, however, and Tropicana

ultimately filed for bankruptcy, pursuant to Chapter 11, on May 5, 2008.

       On May 6, 2008 the Consortium filed an emergency motion for the appointment of

a Chapter 11 trustee (“Trustee Motion”) in an effort to remove Yung from management

and prevent further adverse regulatory action that might reduce the value of Tropicana's

bankruptcy estates. Several parties, including the Official Committee of Unsecured

Creditors, joined in the Trustee Motion. The parties resolved the Trustee Motion by way

of a settlement, pursuant to which Yung agreed to resign from his management positions.

The settlement agreement also included a clause in which Tropicana acknowledged that

expenses incurred by the Consortium in prosecuting the Trustee Motion “represent a

substantial contribution to the Debtors’ estate.” Appendix (“App.”) 403.

       Tropicana and various parties-in-interest negotiated a plan of reorganization over

the next year that was confirmed on May 5, 2009. On July 31, 2009, the Consortium

filed an application for reimbursement of the expenses it incurred in connection with the

Trustee Motion (the “Application”). By way of the Application, the Consortium argued

that it was entitled to such reimbursement because the $2,434,474 2 in legal fees that it

incurred while prosecuting the Trustee Motion represented a substantial contribution to

the debtors’ estate, pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 503(b)(3)(D) and (b)(4). After hearing oral

argument on September 10, 2009, the Bankruptcy Court denied the Application, finding


2
 The Consortium subsequently reduced the amount of its claim to $2,320,172 to alleviate
concerns raised by the United States Trustee.
                                             4
that while the Trustee Motion “turned out to have a beneficial effect on the estates,” the

“action was taken largely in the self-interest of the movants here and would have been

taken whether there would have been estate reimbursement or not.” App. 533. The

District Court affirmed. This appeal timely followed.

                                              II.

       We exercise plenary review over the District Court’s decision, as well as the legal

determinations of the Bankruptcy Court, but we review the Bankruptcy Court’s factual

findings only for clear error. Lebron v. Mechem Fin. Inc., 27 F.3d 937, 942 (3d Cir.

1994). Whether a creditor has made a substantial contribution within the meaning of §

503(b)(3)(D) is a question of fact, “and it is the bankruptcy court that is in the best

position to perform the necessary fact finding task.” Id. at 946. Importantly, the party

seeking reimbursement bears the burden of proving to the Bankruptcy Court that it is so

entitled. See In re Columbia Gas Sys. Inc., 224 B.R. 540, 548 (Bankr. D. Del. 1998).

                                             III.

       In “determining whether there has been a ‘substantial contribution’ pursuant to

section 503(b)(3)(D), the applicable test is whether the efforts of the applicant resulted in

an actual and demonstrable benefit to the debtor’s estate and the creditors.” Lebron, 27

F.3d at 944. Further,

       [i]nherent in the term ‘substantial’ is the concept that the benefit
       received by the estate must be more than an incidental one arising
       from activities the applicant has pursued in protecting his or her own
       interests. Creditors are presumed to be acting in their own interests
       until they satisfy the court that their efforts have transcended self-
       protection.


                                              5
Id. To this end, we have explained that “‘substantial contribution’ should be applied in a

manner that excludes reimbursement in connection with activities of creditors and other

interested parties which are designed primarily to serve their own interests and which,

accordingly, would have been undertaken absent an expectation of reimbursement from

the estate.” Id. 3

       On appeal, the Consortium asserts that the Bankruptcy Court improperly premised

its denial of the Application entirely upon a finding that the Consortium would have

prosecuted the Trustee Motion absent an expectation of reimbursement from the estate.

We disagree. Rather, the Bankruptcy Court, applying the test set forth in Lebron,

properly considered the fact that the Consortium presented no evidence to suggest that it

would not have prosecuted the Trustee Motion absent the promise of reimbursement by

the estate, and determined that the Consortium failed, as a factual matter, to overcome the

presumption that it had acted in its own self-interest. Given the dearth of evidence

presented on the issue, we cannot conclude that the Bankruptcy Court clearly erred in so

finding. 4

                                            IV.

       For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.



3
 We note that two of our sister Courts of Appeals disagree with our substantial
contribution analysis set forth in Lebron. See In re Celotex Corp, 227 F.3d 1336, 1338-
39 (11th Cir. 2000); In re DP Partners Ltd., 106 F.3d 667, 672-73 (5th Cir. 1997).
4
  Because we conclude that the Bankruptcy Court did not err in finding that the
Consortium failed to meet its burden of proof under Lebron, we need not address whether
the Liquidating LandCo Debtors were properly subject to the Application.
                                             6
