                    United States Court of Appeals
                            FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
                                  ___________

                                  No. 04-4091
                                  ___________

United States of America,             *
                                      *
            Plaintiff - Appellee      *
                                      * Appeal from the United States
       v.                             * District Court for the
                                      * Southern District of Iowa.
Oliver Higuera-Pineda,                *
                                      * [UNPUBLISHED]
            Defendant - Appellant.    *
                                 ___________

                             Submitted: June 21, 2005
                                 Filed: June 24, 2005
                                 ____________

Before MURPHY, BYE, and SMITH, Circuit Judges.
                           ____________

PER CURIAM.

       Three officers saw Oliver Higuera-Pineda leave a suspected drug house with
a plastic 10-gallon bucket. The officers followed Higuera-Pineda to a mobile home,
where he invited them inside. The officers asked if they could perform a cursory
search of the residence to ensure their safety, and Higuera-Pineda consented. Upon
entering the dwelling area, the officers saw methamphetamine in plain view on the
kitchen table. They then sought and obtained permission to perform a full search of
the premises. They recovered several packages of methamphetamine, manufacturing
materials, a rifle, and a large digital scale.
       Higuera-Pineda filed a motion to suppress the evidence obtained during the
search, arguing that he had not voluntarily consented to it. The district court1 found
his consent voluntary and denied the motion. Higuera-Pineda went to trial and was
found guilty of possession of 500 grams or more of methamphetamine with intent to
distribute. The district court sentenced him to 120 months.

       The defendant appeals, arguing that his consent was not voluntary and that the
district court erred by denying his motion to suppress. We review a district court's
decision that a search was voluntary for clear error. See United States v. Morreno,
373 F.3d 905, 910 (8th Cir. 2004).

       To determine whether consent was voluntary we consider "the totality of the
circumstances, including characteristics of the accused and details of the
interrogation." United States v. Luna, 368 F.3d 876, 878 (8th Cir. 2004). Higuera-
Pineda argues that his consent was not voluntary because he was a poor, uneducated
alien with little experience with United States law enforcement. He argues that the
officers failed to inform him of his right to refuse consent or his Miranda rights and
that the presence of three armed officers coerced him into consenting to the requests
to search the residence. He also argues that one of the officers created a coercive
environment by advising that Higuera-Pineda had the right to consent to a search of
the mobile home even though he did not own it.

        The district court considered the totality of the circumstances, and we conclude
that it did not clearly err by finding Higuera-Pineda's consent was voluntary. The
officers communicated with Higuera-Pineda in Spanish and informed him that they
could not proceed with the search without his permission. The officers never drew
their weapons, and the defendant was not in custody or under arrest at the time of his


      1
       The Honorable Robert W. Pratt, United States District Judge for the Southern
District of Iowa.

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consent. The failure to inform a suspect of his right to refuse consent to a search does
not alone make the consent involuntary. United States v. Alcantar, 271 F.3d 731, 737
(8th Cir. 2001).

      We accordingly affirm the judgment of the district court.
                     ______________________________




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