                                                                           FILED
                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION
                                                                            MAY 15 2017
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                      MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                                          U.S. COURT OF APPEALS


                            FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT


DENISE CELESTE MCMILLAN,                         No.    13-73139

              Petitioner-Appellant,              Tax Ct. No. 4590-11

 v.
                                                 MEMORANDUM*
COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL
REVENUE,

              Respondent-Appellee.


                           Appeal from a Decision of the
                             United States Tax Court

                             Submitted May 11, 2017**

Before: GOODWIN, LEAVY, and SILVERMAN, Circuit Judges.

      Denise Celeste McMillan appeals pro se the Tax Court’s denial, after a

bench trial, of her petition for redetermination of federal income tax deficiencies

for tax years 2007 and 2008. We review the Tax Court’s conclusions of law de

novo and its factual findings for clear error. MK Hillside Partners v. Comm’r, 826

      *
             This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
      **
             The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
F.3d 1200, 1203 (9th Cir. 2016). A taxpayer claiming a deduction bears the

burden of proof, and this court reviews for clear error the Tax Court’s factual

determination “that a taxpayer has failed to produce sufficient evidence to

substantiate a deduction.” Sparkman v. Comm’r, 509 F.3d 1149, 1159 (9th Cir.

2007). We have jurisdiction under 26 U.S.C. § 7482(a)(1), and we affirm the Tax

Court’s judgment.

      The Tax Court properly considered the factors set forth in 26 C.F.R. § 1.183-

2(b)(1)-(9) and did not clearly err in finding that McMillan did not engage in horse

activity for profit in 2007 and 2008, and therefore was not entitled to take income

tax deductions for expenses arising from that activity. See 26 U.S.C. § 183(b)(2);

Hill v. Comm’r, 204 F.3d 1214, 1218 (9th Cir. 2000); Wolf v. Comm’r, 4 F.3d 709,

713 (9th Cir. 1993). The Commissioner was not bound to allow deductions

permitted in prior tax years. See Little v. Comm’r, 106 F.3d 1445, 1453 (9th Cir.

1997).

      The Tax Court did not err in disallowing a casualty loss deduction on the

basis of the death of McMillan’s horse from disease. See 26 U.S.C. § 165(c)(3);

United States v. Flynn, 481 F.2d 11, 13 (1st Cir. 1973) (casualty losses to horses,

largely due to illness or disease, were “clearly not allowable”).




                                           2
      The Tax Court did not clearly err in finding that the expenses of a lawsuit

were not directly connected with McMillan’s information technology business, and

therefore were not deductible as ordinary and necessary business expenses under

26 U.S.C. §§ 162(a) and 212. See 26 C.F.R. § 1.162-1(a); Inland Asphalt Co. v.

Comm’r, 756 F.2d 1425, 1427 (9th Cir. 1985).

      The Tax Court did not abuse its discretion in denying McMillan’s post-trial

motion to reopen the record. See Devore v. Comm’r, 963 F.2d 280, 282 (9th Cir.

1992) (per curiam).

      AFFIRMED.




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