






Spencer Lucas v. Burleson Publishing Company, Inc., et al.
















IN THE
TENTH COURT OF APPEALS
 

No. 10-00-166-CV

     SPENCER LUCAS,
                                                                         Appellant
     v.

     BURLESON PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.,
     D/B/A BURLESON STAR,
     JAMES MOODY, SALLY ELLERTSON,
     SHELLEY GRANT,
                                                                         Appellees
 

From the 18th District Court
Johnson County, Texas
Trial Court # C-199900150
                                                                                                                
                                                                                                         
OPINION DISMISSING APPEAL
                                                                                                                

      We dismiss this interlocutory appeal from a partial summary judgment for want of
jurisdiction.
      Spencer Lucas (“Lucas”) sued Burleson Publishing Company, Inc. (“the newspaper”), which
publishes the Burleson Star, its publisher James Moody and employee Sally Ellertson (“the
employees”), and Shelley Grant (“Grant”), an opposing candidate in a municipal election in
Burleson, for libel.  The newspaper and its employees filed a motion for summary judgment,
which the court granted.  Lucas appealed.
      The judgment Lucas appeals from, entitled “ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS
MOTION FOR PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT,” states:
On March 7, 2000, the Court considered Defendants Burleson Publishing Company,
Inc. d/b/a Burleson Star, James Moody and Sally Ellertson’s Motion for Partial Summary
Judgment.  The Court . . . finds there is no genuine issue of material fact as to the
grounds presented in these Defendants Motion for Summary Judgment and Brief in
Support Thereof.  Defendants Burleson Publishing Company, Inc. d/b/a Burleson Star,
James Moody, and Sally Ellertson are entitled to judgment, as to those claims, as a matter
of law.
 
IT IS THEREFORE ADJUDGED that Plaintiff’s claims against Defendants
Burleson Publishing Company, Inc. d/b/a Burleson Star, James Moody, and Sally
Ellertson, are hereby DISMISSED with prejudice.  Each side is responsible for its costs,
and let all necessary writs be issued.
 
All relief not expressly granted herein is DENIED.

It was signed on April 17, 2000.  The record reflects no action by the trial court on Lucas’ claims
against Grant.
      The landmark case on the necessity of a final judgment for appeal is North East Independent
School District v. Aldridge, 400 S.W.2d 893 (Tex. 1966), where the Supreme Court, speaking
through Chief Justice Calvert, uttered these now-familiar words: 
The finality of judgments for appealability has been a recurring and nagging problem
throughout the judicial history of this State.  We have steadfastly adhered through the
years to the rule, with certain exceptions not applicable here, that an appeal may be
prosecuted only from a final judgment and that to be final a judgment must dispose of all
issues and parties in a case.

Id. at 895.  
      In Mafrige v. Ross, 866 S.W.2d 590 (Tex. 1993).  The Court recognized:
In order to be a final, appealable summary judgment, the order granting the motion
must dispose of all parties and all issues before the court.  Pan Am. Petroleum Corp. v.
Texas Pac. Coal & Oil Co., 159 Tex. 550, 324 S.W.2d 200, 200 (1959).  If the order
does not dispose of all issues and all parties, it is interlocutory and therefore not
appealable absent a severance.  Id. at 201.  No one disputes that granting a motion for
summary judgment on causes of action not addressed in the motion is reversible error. 
Chessher v. Southwestern Bell Tel. Co., 658 S.W.2d 563, 564 (Tex. 1983); City of
Houston v. Clear Creek Basin Auth., 589 S.W.2d 671, 677 (Tex. 1979); Tex. R. Civ.
P. 166a.

Id. at 591.  However, the court decided that an otherwise interlocutory judgment should be
“treated as final for purposes of appeal” if it included the statement that “all relief not expressly
granted is denied,” which had been suggested by Chief Justice Calvert for judgments after a trial
on the merits.  Id. at 592 (citing Aldridge, 400 S.W.2d at 898) (emphasis added).
      The Court has consistently recognized that the finality of a judgment depends on the “intent”
of the trial court in entering a judgment.  Id.  (“We . . . emphasized that such language was
helpful to make clear a trial court's intent to render a final judgment.”); Schlipf v. Exxon Corp.,
644 S.W.2d 453, 454 (Tex. 1982) (“[C]areful drafting should be used to make the intent clear.”);
Aldridge, 400 S.W.2d at 898 (“[T]he Court intended to, and did, dispose of all parties legally
before it and of all issues made by the pleadings between such parties.”).
      Although the Court has consistently said “a Mother Hubbard has ‘no place’ in a partial
summary judgment and should not be used,” Mafrige, 866 S.W.2d at 592, use of the clause in
summary judgment proceedings continues, and its use continues to cause problems on appeal,
among them being the review of judgments about which the lack of finality is beyond dispute and
the piecemeal review that sometimes results.
      We are confronted here with such a judgment.  Although the judgment can be read (through
the mother hubbard clause) to deny Lucas all relief against Grant, the record shows no motion for
summary judgment by Grant, the judgment refers to itself as “PARTIAL,” and the judgment
purports to grant relief only on the motion of the newspaper and its employees for a “partial”
summary judgment.  Thus, it does not dispose of all parties and issues in the case.  Furthermore,
Lucas’ attorney told the court at the hearing: “There’s one Defendant - - I just want to make sure
the Court is aware - - there’s one Defendant that’s not included in this summary judgment which
is not related to the paper, and I don’t even think they’re present here today.”  No severance is
reflected by the record. 
      Some of our sister courts of appeals have commented on the notion that we should review a
judgment that we can determine is not final.  The Fifth Court, in Lowe v. Teator, said:
An "appearance of finality" occurs when the language in the summary judgment
order "clearly evidences" the trial court's intent to dispose of all the claims in the case
before it.  See Mafrige, 866 S.W.2d at 592.  If the language in the order preceding the
Mother Hubbard clause is broad and inclusive enough to encompass all issues and parties
before the court, then the clause may be read to dispose of all claims in the case not
otherwise specifically addressed in the order.  If, however, the language preceding the
Mother Hubbard clause is limited in its scope, such that it evidences the intent of the trial
court not to dispose of all the claims in the case before it, a Mother Hubbard clause will
not convert the otherwise interlocutory summary judgment order into a final judgment.

Lowe v. Teator, 1 S.W.3d 819, 823 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1999, no pet.).  Other cases reaching the
conclusion that mere inclusion of such a clause does not automatically render all judgments final
for appellate purposes include:
•Stettner Clinic v. Burns, 2000 WL 1853383, at *1-2 (Tex. App.—Amarillo
December 19, 2000, no pet. h.) (intent of the trial court as expressed in the order or
judgment is determinative of finality; Mother Hubbard Clause is simply an indicia
of that intent);
 
•Scott v. Poindexter, 2000 WL 4540, at *3 (Tex. App.—San Antonio November 30,
1999, no pet.) (summary judgment contains language evidencing an intent to enter
a partial summary judgment; trial court affirmatively crossed out the word "Final"
in the title of the judgment); 
 
•Hervey v. Flores, 975 S.W.2d 21, 25 (Tex. App.—El Paso 1998, pet. denied) (“[I]t
is what the order, taken as a whole, purports to do that is critical to the inquiry.  The
intent contained in the order, as manifested in its language, must embrace all claims
and all parties.  If an otherwise outstanding claim logically cannot be brought within
the grasp of the Mother Hubbard clause, the order is interlocutory.”); 
 
•Vanderwiele v. Llano Trucks, Inc., 885 S.W.2d 843, 844-45 (Tex. App.—Austin
1994, no writ) (holding that a summary judgment order granted in favor of one
defendant and including a standard Mother Hubbard clause did not purport to dispose
of the claims against the other defendant and was thus interlocutory); and
 
•Hinojosa v. Hinojosa, 866 S.W.2d 67, 69-70 (Tex. App.—El Paso 1993, no writ)
(holding that a summary judgment made no pretense at disposing of a counterclaim
raised by a party who had not yet moved for summary judgment).

See also Midkiff v. Hancock East Texas Sanitation, Inc., 996 S.W.2d 414, 416 (Tex.
App.—Beaumont 1999, no pet.) (appeal abated and remanded for trial court to sever or otherwise
dispose of all claims).
      The Supreme Court has now overruled Mafrige to the extent that it held that the inclusion of
the phrase “all relief not granted is denied” automatically makes a judgment final for purposes of
appeal.  Lehmann v. Har-Con Corp., ___ Tex. Sup. Ct. J. ___, 2000 WL 33146410, at *11
(February 1, 2001).  As the Court recognizes, inclusion of the phrase in an interlocutory order can
be ambiguous.  In a determination of “finality” of a judgment, the appellate court should look to
the record in the case.
 Id. at *13.
      The judgment in this case is interlocutory; inclusion of the Mother Hubbard clause cannot
make it final.  It does not dispose of Lucas’ claims against Grant; indeed, it was never intended
to be final.  Because we cannot review an interlocutory order unless authorized to do so by the
legislature and because no provision of section 51.014 of the Civil Practice and Remedies Code
allows us to review this order, we dismiss this appeal for want of jurisdiction.  See id.
 
                                                                   BILL VANCE
                                                                   Justice

Before Chief Justice Davis,
      Justice Vance, and
      Justice Gray
Appeal dismissed
Opinion delivered and filed February 14, 2001
Publish
