                      AUSTIN.     TEXAS    7S)7111



                        December 28,      1966



Honorable J. W. Edgar                       Opinion MO. C-791
Commissioner of Education
201 East 11th Street                        Re:   Application of Section 19
Austin, Texas                                     of Article 3271a, Vernon's
                                                  Clvll Statutes, to public
                                                  school plant plannlng and
                                                  construction and related
Dear   Mr.   Edgar:                               questions.
          Your request for an opinion on the above subject matter
asks the following questions:
             "1. What does a proper compliance by a
       school dlstrlct with Section 19 require or en-
       tall?
            "2.  As and if applicable to public school
       plant planning and construction, what is a 'pub-
       lic work Involving profeaslonal engineering, where
       public, . . .health . . .or safety is Involved',
       as used In Section lg?
              “3. What Is the meaning and llmltatlon to
       be given the phrase: 'and the engineering cons-
       truction Is to be executed under the direct super-
       vlsiQn,of  a registered professional engineer'?"
          Section 19 of Article 3271a, Vernon's Civil Statutes,
provides as follows:
             Vet. 19. After the first day of January,
       1938, It shall be unlawful for this State, or for
       any of Its polltlcal subdivisions, for any county,
       city, or town, to engage In the construction of
       any public work Involving professional engineering,
       where public health, public welfare or public safety
       Is Involved, unless the engineering plans and speclfl-
       cations and estimates have been prepared by, and the

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          Hon. J. W. Edgar, page 2 (C-791)


              engineering construction Is to be executed under
              the direct supervision of a registered professional
              engineer; provided, that nothing in this iBet shall
              be held to avvly to an.vvubllc work wherein the
              contemplated-expenditure-for the completed project
              does not exceed Three Thousand ($3,000.00) Dollars.
              Provided, that this Act shall not apply to any road
              maintenance or betterment wof;kundertaken by the
              County Commissioners' Court.   (Emphasis added)
                    The term "practice of engineering" Is defined In Sec-
          tion 4 of Article 3271a, Vernon's Civil Statutes, as follows:
                    "(4) 'Practice of engineering,' or 'practice
               of professional engineering' shall mean any service
               or creative work, either public or private, the per-
               formance of which requires englneerlng education,
               training and experience In the application of special
               knowledge of the mathematical, physical, or engineer-
               ing sciences to such services or creative work.
                    Professional engineer Is defined as a person who has
          been duly licensed and registered by the Board of Registration
          for Professional Engineers.
                    Section 10 of Article 249a, Vernon's Civil Statutes,
          provides as follows:
                             y person, or firm, who for a fee
               or otZZ)dlr%.   compensation therefor, shall engage
               ‘inthe planning, or designing, or supervising the
               construction of buildings to be erected or altered
               ‘inthis State, by or for other persons than them--
               selves, as a vrofesslon or business, and shall rev-
               resent-or advertise themselves as architects,    -
               architectural designers, or other title of profession
               or business using some form of the word 'architect'
               shall be considered as practicing the profession
               of architecture In this State, and shall be required
               to comply with the provisions of thl A t'    d
               verson or firm shall enezageIn or co~du~t't% v%tlce
               of architecture as aforesaid In this State unless
               a registration certificate or certificates therefor
               have been duly issued to such person or the members
               of such firm as provided for by this Act, and no
               firm or partnership shall engage in, or conduct,
               the practice of architecture as aforesaid within
               this State except by and through persons to whom
               registration certificates have been duly Issued,
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Hon. J. W. Edgar, Page 3 (C-791)


     and which certificates are In full etfect; but
     nothing In this Act shall prevent draftsmen,
     students, clerks of works, superintendents, or
     other employees or assistants of those legally
     practicing architecture under registration certlf'i-
     cates as herein provided for from acting under ,the
     instructions, control, or supervision of such
     registered architects.
      uall~l~~. Nothing In this Act shall prevent
     q         professional engineers from planning
     and 'supervisingwork, such as railroads, hYdro-
     Zleatric work, lnoustrlal plants, or other cons-
     truction primarily Intended for engineering use
     or structures Incidental thereto, nor Prevent said
     englneers from planning, designing, or supervising
     the structural features of any build1 g b t such
     engqneers shall not employ the title Ifaichitect'.
     In any way, nor represent themselves as suoh, 'nor
     shall any engineer practice the profession of
     architecture as defined herein, unless he or she
     be registered as an architect under the ,proviSions
     of this Act." (hphasls added),

          Pursuant to the provisions of Article 2654-3, Vernon's
Civil Statutes, the Texas Education Agency established certain
pol$cles concerning plant planning and made the following recom-
mendation concerning Plans and specifications for public school
bulldings:                                         *.
           "It Is recommended by the Texas Education
     Agency that the plans and specifications for cons-
     truction of, adding to; 'or structural changes In
     zany Public school building be prepared by a registered
     arahitect. Experience has Indicated that this ex-
     pense Is more than justified by better planning and
      aonstruct10n." Texas Education Agency Bulletin 543
      (RevUed 1962) p. 5.
           In 1965 the 39th Legislature amended the Texas Englneer-
lng Practice Act (Article 3271a, Vernon's Civil Statutes) leaving
uncha ed the provisions of Section 19, above quoted. Senate
     "& , Acts of the 59th Legislature, Regular Sesslon, ch. 85,
Bill 7
p. 207.
          Furthermore, the 59th Legislature enacted the State
Bulldlng Construction AdmInistrationAct (Article 678f, Vernon's
Civil Statutes) applying to all building construction projects
undertaken by the State Building Commission with certain exceptions.
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Hon. J. W. Edgar, page 4 (c-791)


Subdivision (I) of Section 2 of Article 678f, Vernon's Civil
Statutes, provides:

          "(1) 'Architect/engineer'means a person
     registered as an architect pursuant to Acts of
     the 45th Legislature, Re ular Session, 1937,
     Chapter 478, as amended 7compiled as Article
     249a of Vernon's Texas Civil Statutes) and/or
     a person registered as a professional engineer
     pursuant to Acts of the 45th Legislature, Regular
     Session, 1937, Chapter 404, as amended (compiled
     as Article 3271a of Vernon's Texas Civil Statutes)
    'employed to provide professional architectural or
     engineering services and having overall responsibility
     for the design of a project. The term 'Architect/en-
     gineer f standing by Itself may, unless the dontext
     clearly Indicates otherwise, mean either an architect/
     engineer employed by the Commission on a salary basis
     or an archltect/englneer.ln private practice retained
     for a specific project under a contractual agreement
    with the Commission. The term 'private architect/
     engineer, shall specifically and exclusively'refer
     to a reglstered architect or a registered engineer
     in private practice retained for a specific project
    under a contractual agreement with the Commission."
          We construe your recommendation contained In the
Bulletin 543 to be In addition to the requirement of Section 19
of Article 3271a. Thus, while the services of a registered
architect, In addition to the services of a registered engineer,
Is deemed advisable, Section 19 of Article 327la does not require
the services of a registered architect but only the services of
a registered engineer. The services performed by an architect
and the services performed by an engineer frequently overlap.
82 A.L.R.2d 1026. It Is generally held, however, that designing
a building for another or the furnishing of plans and speclflca-
tlons for such building constitutes architectural services while
engineering services require the application of structural,
electrical or mechanical engineering principles and data. 82
A.L.R.W 1014-1029.
          In view of the foregoing,   your   questions are answered
as follows:
          (1) Proper compliance of Section 19 of Article 3271a,
Vernon's Civil Statutes, requires that the engineering plans and
specifications (which Includes the application of structural,
electrical or mechanical engineering principles) must be prepared
by, and executed under, the directions of a professional engineer.
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Hon. J. W. Edgar, page 5 N-791)


The overall plans and specifications for a building should, in
accordance with the recommendation of the Texas Education Agency,
be prepared by a registered architect.

          (2)   'Public work Involving professional engineering,
where public health, public welfare or public safety Is involved"
includes any school plant construction. It is Inconceivable
that any SChOQl plant could be constructed that did not Involve
either structural, electrical or mechanical englneering principles.
All school plants affect public health, public welfare or public
safety.
          In response to your third question, we are unable to
enumerate In detail and with certainty all duties to be performed
by a registered professional engineer In the direct supervision
of engineering construction under Section 19 of Article 3271a.
In the absence of a speolflc factual situation, we can only state
that he must be in a posltlon to Inspect and control, as each
progresses, the various phases of the construction project which
involve the "practice of engineering" as defined In SectLon 2
(4) of Article 3271a of Vernon's Civil Statutes.
                     SUMMARY
          Section 19 of Article 3271a 1s applicable to
     all structural8 electrical and mechanical englneerlng
     phases of all.school plant construction by the various
     school districts of this State.
                            Yours very truly,
                            WAGGONER CARR
                            Attorney General


JR:mh:mk.h
APPROVED:
OPINION COMMITTEE
W. 0. Shulte, Chairman
Malcolm Quick
Kerns Taylor
Paul Martin
APPROVED FOR TIiRATTORNEY GENERAL
By: T. B. Wright

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