                      NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
  UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                  AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE.




                                     IN THE
              ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS
                                 DIVISION ONE


                        STATE OF ARIZONA, Appellee,

                                         v.

                       NICOLE ANN DAVIS, Appellant.

                              No. 1 CA-CR 14-0780
                                FILED 10-6-2015


            Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County
                         No. CR 2013-448616-003
              The Honorable Christopher T. Whitten, Judge

                                   AFFIRMED


                                    COUNSEL

Arizona Attorney General’s Office, Phoenix
By Chris DeRose
Counsel for Appellee

Ballecer & Segal, Phoenix
By Natalee E. Segal
Counsel for Appellant
                           STATE v. DAVIS
                          Decision of the Court



                      MEMORANDUM DECISION

Presiding Judge Margaret H. Downie delivered the decision of the Court,
in which Judge Patricia A. Orozco and Judge Maurice Portley joined.


D O W N I E, Judge:

¶1            Nicole Ann Davis appeals her conviction for child abuse.
For the following reasons, we affirm.

                 FACTS AND PRCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2            Davis, her husband, mother-in-law, and seven-year-old
daughter, S.P., were sitting in a Jehovah’s Witness Kingdom Hall
courtyard. Hall elders began receiving complaints that Davis’ husband
was causing a disturbance. The elders contacted Scottsdale Police and
requested assistance. Officers arrived and asked the family to leave the
property several times, but they refused. Davis’ husband stated only
“Jehovah” could make them leave and “it would be war” if the officers
tried to make them leave. The officers again warned the family they were
trespassing and asked them to leave; they again refused. A Hall elder also
told the family they were trespassing and asked them to leave.

¶3            Officers decided to take Davis’ husband into custody and
attempted to separate him from the rest of the family. Lieutenant
Rasmussen placed himself between the husband and other family
members. Davis then punched Lieutenant Rasmussen in his neck.
Lieutenant Rasmussen grabbed Davis by the arm, attempted to take her to
the ground, and both of them fell to the ground. Davis continued to fight,
punching and kicking Lieutenant Rasmussen as he tried to gain control of
her arms. Lieutenant Rasmussen told Davis to stop resisting, but she did
not comply and was “screaming at the top of her lungs.” Lieutenant
Rasmussen eventually pinned Davis, holding her down until another
officer could assist with handcuffing her. Davis continued resisting and
trying to kick the officers.

¶4             S.P. appeared “extremely upset” during the incident, and
Davis yelled “[l]ots of times” for the child to hit Lieutenant Rasmussen.
S.P. was screaming “not to hurt her mommy.” Davis continued yelling at
S.P. to hit Lieutenant Rasmussen, whereupon S.P. began hitting him in the



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                            STATE v. DAVIS
                           Decision of the Court

face, head, and shoulders. Lieutenant Rasmussen asked S.P., “[w]ould
you please stop hitting me[?]” and S.P. complied. The officers gained
control of the situation and placed the three adults in handcuffs. When
officers attempted to put S.P. in a patrol car, Davis and her husband again
yelled at the child several times to “fight” the officers. S.P. did not comply
this time and got into the patrol car.

¶5            Davis was charged with one count of aggravated assault, a
class five felony in violation of Arizona Revised Statutes (“A.R.S.”)
sections 13-1203(A)(3), -1204(A)(8)(a); one count of resisting arrest, a class
six felony, in violation of A.R.S. § 13-2508(A)(1); and child abuse, a class
four felony, in violation of A.R.S. § 13-3623(B)(1).1 A four-day jury trial
ensued. At the close of the State’s case-in-chief, Davis moved for a
judgment of acquittal on the child abuse count, which the court denied.
The jury found Davis guilty of resisting arrest and child abuse but not
guilty of aggravated assault. The court sentenced her to two years’
probation for each count, to run concurrently.

¶6           Davis timely appealed. We have jurisdiction under A.R.S. §§
12-120.21(A)(1), 13-4031, and -4033(A).

                               DISCUSSION

¶7            Davis argues the court should have granted her motion for
judgment of acquittal on the child abuse count. We review de novo the
sufficiency of evidence, viewing it in the light most favorable to sustaining
the verdict. State v. West, 226 Ariz. 559, 562, ¶ 15, 250 P.3d 1188, 1191
(2011). The trial court may enter a judgment of acquittal only if “no
substantial evidence supports the conviction.” State v. Davolt, 207 Ariz.
191, 212, ¶ 87, 84 P.3d 456, 477 (2004).

¶8            The record includes substantial evidence of guilt as to the
child abuse charge. See State v. Tison, 129 Ariz. 546, 552, 633 P.2d 355, 361
(1981) (In reviewing for sufficiency of evidence, “[t]he test to be applied is
whether there is substantial evidence to support a guilty verdict.”).
“Substantial evidence is proof that reasonable persons could accept as
sufficient to support a conclusion of a defendant’s guilt beyond a


1      The indictment alleges child abuse in violation of A.R.S.
§ 13-3623(F)(B)(C) — a subsection that does not exist. The jury was
instructed under § 13-3623(B)(1), and Davis has not asserted any error
associated with this issue.



                                      3
                            STATE v. DAVIS
                           Decision of the Court

reasonable doubt.” State v. Spears, 184 Ariz. 277, 290, 908 P.2d 1062, 1075
(1996). Substantial evidence “may be either circumstantial or direct.”
State v. Henry, 205 Ariz. 229, 232, ¶ 11, 68 P.3d 455, 458 (App. 2003).

¶9            As charged, the offense of child abuse required proof that:
(1) under circumstances other than those likely to produce death or
serious injury, (2) Davis intentionally or knowingly, (3) caused or
permitted a child to be placed in a situation where the person or health of
the child was endangered, while having the care or custody of the child.
See A.R.S. § 13-3623(B)(1). Endanger means “to expose to potential harm”
that is more than the ordinary danger to which children are exposed on a
daily basis. State v. Mahaney, 193 Ariz. 566, 569, ¶ 15, 975 P.2d 156, 159
(App. 1999).

¶10            By refusing to leave the church property, Davis escalated a
situation that necessitated police intervention, all while her seven-year-old
daughter was present. Davis repeatedly refused to comply with officers’
commands and was physically aggressive. In the midst of this chaotic and
violent scene, which included use of a Taser on Davis’ husband, Davis
ordered her young daughter to join in the fracas by assaulting officers.
S.P. complied with her mother’s directives and began hitting the armed
officer.

¶11          Although Lieutenant Rasmussen exhibited restraint as to the
child, who was uninjured, endangerment includes situations that subject a
child to potential harm. Id. Substantial evidence exists from which
reasonable jurors could find that S.P. was subjected to potential harm
beyond an ordinary danger of everyday life. Her involvement in a chaotic
melee between six uniformed and armed officers and three adults in a
small courtyard could easily have resulted in harm to her. In addition to
the obvious risks of injury, the jury heard testimony about dangers
inherent in approaching an officer who is engaged with another
individual and how standard police equipment such as a gun, Taser, and
pepper spray, can come loose during a ground fight.




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                         STATE v. DAVIS
                        Decision of the Court


                           CONCLUSION

¶12          For the reasons stated, we affirm Davis’ convictions and
sentences.




                              :ama




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