                 ARMED SERVICES BOARD OF CONTRACT APPEALS

Appeals of --                                 )
                                             )
Agility Logistics Services Company KSC       )       ASBCA Nos. 57415, 57416, 57417
                                             )                  57418,57419,57420
                                             )                  57421,57422,57423
                                             )                  57424,57425,57426
                                             )                  57895,57896,57897
                                             )                  57898,57899,57900
                                             )                  57901,57902,57903
                                             )                  57904,57905,57906
                                             )                  57907
Under Contract No. DABVOl-04-D-0014          )

APPEARANCES FOR THE APPELLANT:                      Michael R. Charness, Esq.
                                                    Graham E. Eddy, Esq.
                                                    Erin N. Rankin, Esq.
                                                     Vinson & Elkins LLP
                                                     Washington, DC

APPEARANCES FOR THE GOVERNMENT:                     Raymond M. Saunders, Esq.
                                                     Army Chief Trial Attorney
                                                    Robert B. Neill, Esq.
                                                     Trial Attorney

            OPINION BY ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE DELMAN ON THE
        GOVERNMENT'S MOTION TO DISMISS FOR LACK OF JURISDICTION

        The government has filed a motion to dismiss these appeals for lack of
jurisdiction. Agility Logistics Services Company KSC (appellant or Agility) opposes the
motion, and contends that the Board has jurisdiction under the Contract Disputes Act
(CDA), 41 U.S.C. §§ 7101-7109, or under the ASBCA Charter.

          STATEMENT OF FACTS (SOF) FOR PURPOSES OF THE MOTION

        1. These appeals arise out of contracting officer (CO) decisions related to the
definitization of task orders (TOs) issued under an Indefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity
(ID/IQ) contract awarded to appellant 1 on 6 June 2004 by the Coalition Provisional
Authority (CPA) of Iraq. The CPA was created by coalition nation partners to be the
ruling authority in Iraq pending transfer of this authority to a newly constituted Iraqi

1
    The contract was awarded to appellant under the name "Public Warehousing Company,
        KSC" (amended compl. at 3 n.2).
government. MAC International FZE, ASBCA No. 56355, 10-2 BCA ~ 34,591 at
170,507 (MAC I).

        2. The contract scope of work was to establish and operate two distribution center
warehouses and staging areas as part of a supply chain management system supporting
the reconstitution of Iraqi security forces, and for the reconstruction support of Iraq civil
infrastructure (R4, tab 1 at 5). The contract's Statement of Work (SOW) defined the
period of performance as a one-year base period with two one-year options (id. at 6).

       3. The contract stated "All task orders issued hereunder are subject to the terms
and conditions of the basic contract. The basic contract shall take precedence in the event
of a conflict with any task orders." (R4, tab 1 at 59)

       4. The contract's SOW provided in paragraph 1.2 as follows:

              1.2 Executive Agency. The CPA is the current governing
              authority in Iraq. The U.S. Army is the executive agent for
              Program Management (PM) and contracting for CPA's Iraqi
              reconstitution and reconstruction programs. The Program
              Management Office [PMO] is a functional staff directorate of the
              Coalition Provision[ al] Authority, reporting to the Administrator,
              CPA. The [PMO] is CPA's PM and contracting activity.

(R4, tab 1 at 5-6)

       5. Paragraph 1.3 of the contract's SOW provided as follows:

              1.3 Contract Management. CPA's PMO contracting activity is
              the contracting activity responsible for the SCMSDP Support
              Contract. As the Contracting Activity for this contract, they have
              the authority, through a duly appointed Procuring Contracting
              Officer (PCO), to enter into, administer, and/or terminate this
              contract and make related determinations and findings.

(R4, tab 1 at 6)

       6. At page 68 of the contract, there began a section entitled:

               CONTRACT PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO VESTED
               AND SEIZED IRAQI PROPERTY AND DEVELOPMENT
                            FUND FOR IRAQ [DFI]

              This contract is entered into under the authority of the
              Administrator as head of the Coalition Provisional Authority

                                               2
                (CPA), which is temporarily exercising governmental
                authority in Iraq pursuant to the law and usages of war and
                relevant United Nations Security Council Resolutions
                including Resolution 1483 (2003) (Coalition)

(R4, tab 1 at 68) Insofar as pertinent, this section contained the following contract
provisions:

                3. Assignment. The Contractor shall not assign, transfer, or
                make any other disposition of this contract, or any part thereof,
                without the prior written consent of the Contracting Officer.

                4. Changes. Changes in the terms and conditions of this
                contract may be made only by written agreement of the parties.

                5. Disputes. This contract is not subject to the Contract
                Disputes Act of 1978, as amended (41 U.S. Code, Sections
                601-613). Failure of the parties to this contract to reach
                agreement on any request for equitable adjustment, claim,
                appeal, or action arising under or relating to this contract shall be
                a dispute to be resolved in accordance with the United States
                Federal Acquisition Regulation Clause 52.233-1, Disputes,
                which is incorporated herein by reference except that appeals
                from final decisions of a Contracting Officer may only be
                appealed to the U.S. Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals
                (ASBCA). The decision of the ASBCA shall be final. The
                contractor shall proceed diligently with performance of this
                contract, pending final resolution of any dispute arising under the
                contract.



                29. Source of Funds. The obligation under this contract is
                made with Iraqi Funds, as defined in CPA Memorandum
                Number 4, dated 19 August 2003Y1 No funds, appropriated or




2
    CPA Memorandum No. 4, the purpose of which was, inter alia, to establish procedures
        for contracts for the benefit of the Iraqi people using Iraqi funds, defines "Iraqi
        Funds" as including funds in the Development Fund for Iraq (gov't mot., ex. 4 at
        1, 3).
                                                  3
                 other, of any Coalition country are or will be obligated under
                 this contract. [Emphasis added]£ 3l



                32. Turn Over of Coalition Provisional Authority. The
                contractor hereby recognizes that a transfer of authority (TOA)
                from the [CPA] to the interim Iraqi Governing Council is
                scheduled to take place June 30, 2004. Furthermore, the
                contractor recognizes that upon the TOA on June 30, 2004, or
                upon any later TOA date if delayed, the CPA is dissolved. The
                CPA, US. Government or Coalition Government will not be
                liable to the contractor for any performance undertaken after the
                TOA. The contractor hereby waives any claims and rights it now
                has or may have in the future against the CPA, U.S. Government
                or Coalition Governments in connection with the contract. The
                interim Iraqi Governing Council may but is not obligated to be
                bound to the obligations of the CPA before the TOA with respect
                to performance undertaken after the TOA. The interim Iraqi
                Governing Council may but is not obligated to ratify all previous
                actions taken by the CPA and agree to be bound with the same
                force and effect as if the action had been undertaken [by] the
                interim Iraqi Government. If the interim Iraqi Governing
                Council undertakes any obligations under this contract, the CPA
                recognizes the interim Iraqi Government as its successor in
                interest with respect to any such obligations. All payments and
                reimbursements previously made by the CPA to the contractor
                and all other previous actions taken by the CPA under this
                contract shall be considered to have discharged those parts of the
                CPA's obligations under this contract. The contractor agrees that
                the CPA, the U.S. Government, or any Coalition Government is
                not obligated to pay or reimburse the contractor, or otherwise
                give effect to, any costs, taxes, or other expenses, or any related
                increases, directly or indirectly arising from the TOA. Nothing
                herein shall be construed as a waiver of any rights the CPA, U.S.
                Government or a Coalition Government may have against the
                contractor.

(R4, tab I at 69, 72-73) (Emphasis added)



3
    Modification No. P00003, dated 4 December 2004, deleted~ 29, Source of Funds
        (R4, tab 4 ), but this modification took effect about six months after the contract
        was awarded, and more than five months after the CPA was dissolved.
                                                  4
        7. On 28 June 2004 the CPA issued CPA Order No. 100, which, inter alia,
revised CPA laws, regulations, orders and memoranda to facilitate the transfer of
authority to the new Iraqi Interim Government (IIG) (gov't mot., ex. 8, § 1 at 1). Insofar
as pertinent, this order amended CPA Memorandum No. 4 above, rescinding the Disputes
clause that provided for ASBCA jurisdiction over CPA contract disputes and provided, in
its stead, for disputes resolution in accordance with the laws of Iraq (id. § 6 at 19, 20).
This order was to be effective immediately prior to the transfer of authority from the CPA
to the IIG (id. § 7 at 21 ). It is undisputed that on or about 28 June 2004, the CPA was
dissolved, and sovereignty transferred from the CPA to the IIG. Pursuant to law, the IIG
obtained control of the DFI at that time. 4

Contract Administration

       8. On 15 June 2004, the Minister of Finance of the IIG issued a Memorandum to
the Director, PMO, referencing "SUBJECT: Administration of [DFI]-Funded
Contracts." As of this date, the subject contract was funded with DFI funds (SOF ~ 6, see
clause~ 29). The Finance Minister, citing relevant CPA authority, provided the
following delegation of authority for the administration of contracts on behalf of the 110:

                I hereby designate you [PMO] with responsibility to monitor and
                confirm performance, certify and/or make payments and
                otherwise administer contracts or grants funded with monies
                from the [DFI] that:

                       (a)   were entered into on or before June 30, 2004 by
                             the Coalition Provisional Authority or the
                             Multi-National Force-Iraq in accordance with
                             United Nations Security Council Resolution 1483
                             and implementing regulations;
                       (b)   require the continued performance and/or payment
                             of money originating from the DFI past June 30,
                             2004;and
                       (c)   are not the subject ofa fully-funded letter of credit
                             intended to otherwise ensure performance under
                             the contract or grant.

                The [PMO] will provide as soon as practicable to the Ministry of
                Finance a breakdown by Ministry of contracts to which the PMO
                is a party.




4
    See CPA Regulation No. 11 (app. opp'n, ex. 3), and CPA Memorandum No. 15
         (gov't mot., ex. 5), both signed by the CPA Administrator on 18 June 2004.
                                                 5
               The powers, privileges, rights and authorities granted to you
               under this designation shall be exercised in coordination with
               relevant officials from the [IIG] and consistent with U.N.
               Security Council Resolution 1546 (2004 ), to satisfy outstanding
               obligations against the DFI. This designation does not authorize
               you to terminate, amend, or novate any contracts or grants
               covered by this designation. However, if requested by the IIG,
               you shall assist the IIG if it decides to terminate, amend or
               novate any such contract.



               The powers, privileges, rights, and authorities granted to you
               under this designation may be further delegated. They shall
               transfer to the Chief of Mission of the United States Embassy
               Baghdad and the Commander of the Multi-National Force-I on
               June 30, 2004, both of whom shall also have the authority to
               delegate these powers, privileges, rights, and activities further.
               I retain the right to terminate this designation in writing at any
               time and for any reason whatsoever. You shall have the right to
               do the same. In any event, this designation shall expire on
               December 31, 2004 unless extended in writing by me or another
               duly authorized official of the [IIG].£51



               Nothing in this designation shall authorize the PMO, the MNF-1,
               and/or its designees to enter into any contracts funded by the DFI
               after June 30, 2004.

(Gov't mot., ex. 6) (Emphasis added)

       9. We find that the IIG, as the new sovereign, assumed responsibility over the
DFI-funded contracts for which it delegated contract administration above. We find that
the subject contract, awarded 6 June 2004 and subject to DFI funds at the time of award,
was one of those contracts.

       10. Based upon the above IIG memorandum, we also find that the authority to
administer these DFI-funded contracts, including the subject contract, was transferred
from the PMO to the Chief of Mission of the United States Embassy Baghdad and the

5
    This designation/delegation of the IIG Finance Minister was extended through
         31 December 2006 (gov't mot., ex. 7).
                                               6
Commander of the Multi-National Force-I effective 30 June 2004. While earlier-issued
TOs under this contract were funded by Iraqi funds and later-issued TOs were funded by
U.S. appropriation (infra), there is no evidence showing that the IIG ever withdrew this
delegation of authority with respect to this contract. Consistent with this IIG
memorandum allowing for further delegation of contract administration authority, it
appears that contract administration was exercised through various components of the
Department of Defense (DoD) throughout the course of the contract (see below).

         11. By National Security Presidential Directive dated 11 May 2004, the President
established a temporary organization within the DoD called the Project and Contracting
Office (PCO). The PCO was created, inter alia, to provide "acquisition and project
management support to the Chief of Mission." (App. opp'n, ex. 5 at 3) The Deputy
Secretary of Defense later ordered that the PCO be part of the Department of the Army
(id., ex. 6). The PCO was also identified in Block 6 of DD Form 115 5 as the "issuer"
under TOs 6 and 11 (SOF ii 15). Subsequently, the Joint Contracting Command/Iraq and
Afghanistan (JCC-I/A) was established, whose responsibilities also included contract
administration duties. See Kellogg Brown & Root Services, Inc., ASBCA No. 56256,
10-2 BCA i! 34,613 at 170,591. The JCC-I/A was also identified in Block 6 of DD Form
1155 as the "issuer" on a number ofTOs (SOF ii 15). It also appears that after
performance of the TOs, the Army Contracting Command, Rock Island Contracting
Center (ACC-RI) was involved with appellant's definitization proposals (SOF ii 16).

       12. On 24 July 2004, the PCO issued an internal memorandum providing its
understanding of its authority under the 15 June 2004 memorandum (SOF ii 8) from the
IIG Finance Minister above. The memorandum stated as follows:

                    In accordance with the Ministry of Finance's letter dated
             15 June 2004, the Contracting Activity will continue to monitor
             and confirm performance, certify and/or make payments, and
             otherwise administer contracts or grants financed by
             Development Fund for Iraq (DFI) and awarded under the former
             Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA). The delegation letter
             does not grant us the authority to award, terminate, amend, or
             novate any contracts or grants under that delegation.

(App. opp'n, ex. 4) (Emphasis added) This memorandum reflects the PCO's
understanding that it was acting on behalf of the IIG under these contracts, not on
behalf of the United States.

The Relevant TOs

      13. This contract was performed through the issuance of 20 TOs. Each of the
13 TOs at issue in these appeals was undefinitized at the time of award. (Amended
Compl. ii 13)
                                             7
       14. The TOs were issued by use of DD Form 1155. The CPA was identified in
Block 6 as "issuer" for TOs 1, 2, and 3. The CPA issued TOs 1 and 2 on 17 June 2004,
both of which were funded by DFI, and neither of which is at issue in these appeals. The
CPA also issued TO 3 on 19 June 2004. (App. opp'n, exs. 7, 8; R4, tab 87)

       15. As for the other TOs, the PCO was identified in Block 6 as "issuer" under
TOs 6 and 11 (R4, tabs 250, 454 ). The CPA was identified in Block 6 as "issuer" under
TOs 9 and 10 (R4, tabs 345, 411). The JCC-1/A was identified in Block 6 as "issuer"
under TOs 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 (R4, tabs 479, 499, 511, 528, 544, 562, 574,
594 ). Under a number of these TOs, the issuer granted performance time extensions.

          16. Each TO remained undefinitized at the end of the performance period, and
Agility submitted several rounds of definitization proposals to the government through
March 2009 (amended compl. ,-i 141). At the request of ACC-RI in March 2009, the
Defense Contract Audit Agency audited Agility's proposals and issued audit reports.
The parties engaged in discussions to negotiate the definitization of the TOs.
(Id. iii! 145-52)

Claims and Appeals

        17. On 23 September 2010, the CO issued 13 final decisions, unilaterally
definitizing TOs 3, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 (amended compl.
ii 153) and claiming from appellant a total of $80,830,305.62 (id. ii 208). Each CO
decision included the CDA language pertaining to a contractor's right to appeal.

       18. On 5 November 2010, Agility timely filed notices of appeal to the Board,
appealing twelve of the thirteen decisions, excluding the CO decision on TO 16
(Bd. corr., ASBCA Nos. 57415-57426). The Board assigned a docket number to each
appealed decision, ASBCA Nos. 57415 through 57426.

       19. On 19 April 2011, Agility submitted a certified claim to the CO in the amount
of $47,196,205.98 plus interest, seeking unpaid costs and fees owed to Agility for its
work under each of the 13 TOs (Bd. corr., ASBCA Nos. 57895-57907, amended NOA,
19 December 2011, ex. 1). The CO issued a final decision denying Agility's claim on
15 December 2011 (id., ex. 2) This CO decision also included the CDA language
pertaining to a contractor's right to appeal, and Agility timely filed a notice of appeal to
the Board. The Board assigned a docket number to each of the 13 TOs, ASBCA
Nos. 57895-57907.

       20. On 8 July 2011, the government notified Agility that the government's
monetary claim was "being loaded into the Treasury Offset Program for collection"
(app. opp'n, ex. 13). By 14 September 2011, the Defense Finance and Accounting
Service had set-off over $11 million in payments from an Agility contract with the U.S.

                                               8
Government against the government's claims on the TOs (id., ex. 14). By 21 September
2012, payments due to Agility had been offset by over $16 million (id., ex. 15). As far as
the record shows, there are no appeals before us with respect to these specific matters.

                                        DECISION

      Our jurisdiction under the CDA is predicated upon a contract made by an
"executive agency" of the United States as defined by the CDA, 41 U.S.C. §§ 7101(8),
7102(a). It is undisputed that this contract was awarded to appellant by the CPA. We
have held that the CPA, created by a coalition of nation states, is not a federal executive
agency for purposes of CDAjurisdiction. MAC International FZE, ASBCA No. 56355,
13 BCA iJ 35,299 (MAC JI); MAC I, 10-2 BCA iJ 34,591.

        Given our lack of CDA jurisdiction over a contract awarded by the CPA,
appellant, as proponent of our statutory jurisdiction, must show that this contract was
novated, transferred or assigned to a executive agency over which we have CDA
jurisdiction. Appellant has not met this burden.

       There is no evidence of record showing that the CPA or its successor IIG novated,
transferred or assigned this CPA contract to the DoD or to any federal executive agency
of the DoD. "A novation is a substituted contract that includes as a party one who was
neither the obligor nor the obligee of the original duty." RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF
CONTRACTS,§ 280 (1981). Appellant contends that upon dissolution of the CPA, the
U.S. Army or DoD became the new "obligor" under this contract and its TOs. However
the "Assent of the obligee of the original duty and of the obligor of the new duty is always
necessary." Id., cmt. c (emphasis added). There is no document in evidence showing that
the purported obligor of this new duty, the Army/DoD, assented to assume the contract
obligations of the CPA or its successor under this contract. To the contrary, the subject
contract made clear that the United States had no intention of assuming any such contract
obligations after the transfer of authority from the CPA: "The ... U.S. Government...will
not be liable to the contractor for any performance undertaken after the TOA" (SOF ii 6,
clause 32).

        The necessity for such evidence is particularly important because of the general
immunity of the United States from suit. Whether the United States has waived this
immunity and subjected itself to suit by assuming these contractual duties must not be
lightly presumed.

       Pursuant to the memorandum of the IIG Finance Minster above, the IIG delegated
authority to administer this and similar contracts to the Chief of Mission of the U.S
Embassy and the Commander of the Multi-National Force-I, effective 30 June 2004,
which contract administration duties were later performed by various U.S. Army
components (SOF iii! 8, 9 10). Accordingly, the United States acted as a contract


                                               9
administrator and not as a contracting party under these contracts. This fact was
recognized by the PCO in its memorandum dated 24 July 2004 (SOF ~ 12).

       Appellant argues that the U.S. Army exceeded its authority as an agent for
contract administration during performance of this contract and its aftermath. However
assuming, arguendo, that appellant's contention is valid, a "rogue agent" does not a
"principal" make. In the final analysis, no novation of this contract from the CPA or
from the IIG to any DoD component has been shown.

        We are not persuaded that the Army's execution of a TO, or the Army's
"issuance" ofa TO per Block 6 of the DD Form 1155, was tantamount to a novation,
placing the U.S. Army in contract privity with appellant for purposes of CDA
jurisdiction. We rejected a similar argument in MAC 11, 13 BCA ~ 35,299 at 173,277-78.
Indeed, it is readily apparent that the name appearing in Block 6 had little, real
significance. For example, the "CPA" was identified in Block 6 as issuer under TOs
9 and 10 (SOF ~ 15), notwithstanding the CPA had been dissolved many months earlier.

       Nor are we persuaded that the use of U.S. appropriated funds for a TO made for
contract privity. We also rejected this argument in MAC II, 13 BCA ~ 35,299 at
173,277-78:

                      The contract under which the DOs now before us were
             issued was a contract between the CPA, an international entity,
             and MAC. The U.S. government was never a party to the
             contract nor to any of the DOs. The U.S. government's role in
             the contracting process (through the CPA Contracting Activity,
             PCO and JCC-I/A) was solely as the specific delegate of the
             CPA until its dissolution on 28 June 2004 and, after the
             dissolution of the CPA, by specific delegation by the IIG. MAC
             argues that the 16 DOs now at issue were U.S. government
             contracts and that, after dissolution of the CPA, they were
             obligations of the U.S. government and did not transfer to the
             IIG. However, the DOs issued under the CPA contract, to which
             the U.S. government was never a party, obligated the same
             contracting party as the contract itself: the CPA and, by virtue of
             CPA Order Number 100, any successor entities such as the
             IIG ....



             [T]he existence of our jurisdiction is not changed by the fact that
             the 16 DOs at issue in the remainder of the appeal contained
             U.S. government appropriated fund cites. [Citations omitted]


                                             10
        Appellant cites AmerescoSolutions, Inc., ASBCA Nos. 56824, 56867, 11-1 BCA
~ 34,705 (Ameresco), for the proposition that the Board has CDAjurisdiction over a TO
issued by a DoD component under an ID/IQ contract. We believe the facts of Ameresco
are distinguishable.

        In Ameresco, the ID/IQ contract provided for various federal agencies, including
DoD components, to enter into delivery orders with the contractor to obtain energy
savings services. On the other hand, this CPA contract, awarded with Iraqi funds, did not
provide for DoD components to enter into any delivery orders with the contractor to
obtain any services (SOF ~ 13 ). Also, this CPA contract provided that the basic contract
shall take precedence in the event of conflict with the TOs; in Ameresco it was the
delivery orders that were granted precedence.

       We believe that neither Ameresco nor any of the other cases cited by appellant
compels a conclusion supporting our jurisdiction under the CDA under the circumstances
presented here. We conclude that we lack jurisdiction over this CPA contract and its TOs
under the CDA.

The ASBCA Charter

      The ASBCA was created by the DoD by Charter. Part 1, paragraph 1 of the
Charter, provides as follows:

                     1. There is created the Armed Services Board of Contract
             Appeals which is hereby designated as the authorized
             representative of the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the
             Army, the Secretary of the Navy and the Secretary of the Air
             Force, in hearing, considering and determining appeals by
             contractors from decisions of contracting officers or their
             authorized representatives or other authorities on disputed
             questions. These appeals may be taken (a) pursuant to the
             Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (41 U.S.C. Section 7101-7109),
             (b) pursuant to the provisions of contracts requiring the decision
             by the Secretary of Defense or by a Secretary of a Military
             Department or their duly authorized representative, or
             (c) pursuant to the provisions of any directive whereby the
             Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of a Military Department
             or their authorized representative has granted a right of appeal
             not contained in the contract on any matter consistent with the
             contract appeals procedure. The Board may determine contract
             disputes for other departments and agencies by agreement as
             permitted by law. The Board shall operate under general policies
             established or approved by the Under Secretary of Defense for
             Acquisition, Technology and Logistics and may perform other

                                             11
              duties as directed not inconsistent with the Contract Disputes Act
              of 1978.

48 C.F .R., Ch. 2, Appx. A, Part 1 (2007).

        Appellant contends, alternatively, that we have jurisdiction over these appeals
under the ASBCA Charter, pursuant to the Disputes provision of the CPA contract
requiring decision of disputes by the ASBCA (SOF ~ 6). We disagree. Consistent with
CPA Order No. 100 and its amendment of CPA Memorandum No. 4 (SOF ~ 7), we
believe that the CPA intended to eliminate ASBCA jurisdiction over contract disputes
effective on the date of transfer of authority to the IIG. Appellant argues that this change
applied to new or prospective contracts only, but this contention is not supported by the
record.

        However, even if CPA Order No. 100 did not have the effect of removing the
original Disputes clause from this contract, it is nevertheless clear that parties to a
contract may not by agreement confer jurisdiction on a tribunal where jurisdiction
otherwise does not exist. There is nothing in our DoD Charter that confers jurisdiction on
this Board over disputes under this contract with the CPA. The Board did not have any
agreement with the CPA or with the nation states that created it to hear CPA contract
appeals, nor has appellant shown any DoD directive that would otherwise grant
jurisdiction to the Board over such appeals. Nor has appellant shown that the CPA was a
DoD organization or that any DoD contract was involved here. We rejected similar
arguments in MAC I, 10-2 BCA ~ 34,591at170,518-19.

        The cases cited by appellant in its opposition papers are distinguishable. They
involve our jurisdiction over appeals under contracts between contractors and DoD
non-appropriated fund instrumentalities under which the parties consented to our
jurisdiction. These facts do not pertain here.

       In view of the foregoing, we conclude that we do not have jurisdiction of these
appeals under the ASBCA Charter.

"Implied-In-Fact" Contract to Definitize TOs

        Alternatively, appellant contends that there exists an "implied-in-fact" contract
between Agility and ACC-RI to definitize the TOs over which we may exercise
jurisdiction under the CDA (app. opp'n at 24-25), citing the conduct of the parties in the
negotiation of the definitization of the TOs. This "implied-in-fact" contract claim is not
identified in appellant's claim letter dated 19 April 2011, and raises separate and distinct
facts from those supporting appellant's claim of privity through, among other things, the
execution, issuance and the funding of the TOs. As a prerequisite to our jurisdiction, a
contractor claim must be presented first to the CO for decision, 41 U.S.C. § 7103(a)(l).
Accordingly, we are without jurisdiction over this "implied-in-fact" contract claim.

                                               12
        Assuming, arguendo, that this "implied-in-fact" contract claim was somehow
indirectly raised in appellant's claim letter of 19 April 2011, we are still without
jurisdiction for the following reason. Appellant's claim posits an implied-in-fact
agreement by the government to provide definitization services. It is well settled
however that the CDA does not extend to contracts that provide government services to a
contractor; rather, the CDA extends to the government's procurement of services/ram a
contractor. Laudes Corp. v. United States, 86 Fed. Cl. 152, 161 (2009). Appellant has
failed to show such a procurement here. Appellant also has not persuaded us that our
DoD Charter provides for our jurisdiction over any "implied-in-fact" contracts of this
nature.

       For reasons stated, we are without jurisdiction over appellant's "implied-in-fact"
contract claim.

Appellant's Request for Stay

      Alternatively, appellant requests an indefinite stay to allow it to take additional
discovery on the jurisdictional issue.

        When the government raised the jurisdictional issue by letter to the Board dated
3 July 2013, citing MAC II, appellant responded by letter dated 9 July 2013. Appellant
did not seek a stay for additional discovery at that time. Rather, it argued forcefully
against the government's position on jurisdiction, distinguishing MAC II, and provided
evidence in support. Not only did appellant fail to seek a stay, it requested "that the
Board expedite review of the jurisdiction issue, so that the parties can continue
[settlement] negotiations, and enter into a Mediation Agreement." (Bd. corr., ASBCA
Nos. 57415-57426)

        On 25 July 2013, the Board convened a conference to set a briefing schedule on
the jurisdictional issue, and issued an Order on Briefing dated 29 July 2013. Again,
appellant did not object to setting a firm briefing schedule, nor did it seek a stay of the
proceedings for additional discovery.

        On both of the above occasions, appellant did not assert that it needed additional
discovery to assert or defend its position. Appellant's comprehensive treatment of
jurisdiction in its motion papers also belies its current position.

       We believe that appellant's request in its motion papers for an indefinite stay of
proceedings for additional discovery is untimely and unreasonable. We deny appellant's
request.




                                               13
Appellant's Request for Substantive Board Orders

        Alternatively, appellant requests that if we determine we are without jurisdiction,
the Board should issue orders to the government to withdraw its claims and pay appellant
all withheld funds. Appellant's request is self-contradictory. A tribunal without
jurisdiction of an action may not issue any substantive orders to the parties with respect
to matters related to the action. Once we determine we are without jurisdiction, we must
dismiss the appeals. See Johns-Manville Corp. v. United States, 893 F.2d 324, 327
(Fed. Cir. 1989).

                                     CONCLUSION

      For reasons stated herein, we lack jurisdiction over these appeals. The
government's motion to dismiss is granted, and the appeals are dismissed.

       Dated: 9 December 2014




                                                   Administrative Judge
                                                   Armed Services Board
                                                   of Contract Appeals




I concur                                           I concur




~
Administrative Judge
                                                   RICHARD SHACKLEFORD
                                                   Administrative Judge
Acting Chairman                                    Vice Chairman
Armed Services Board                               Armed Services Board
of Contract Appeals                                of Contract Appeals




                                              14
       I certify that the foregoing is a true copy of the Opinion and Decision of the Armed
Services Board of Contract Appeals in ASBCA Nos. 57415, 57416, 57417, 57418, 57419,
57420,57421,57422, 57423, 57424,57425,57426, 57895, 57896, 57897, 57898,57899,
57900, 57901, 57902, 57903, 57904, 57905, 57906, 57907, Appeals of Agility Logistics
Services Company KSC, rendered in conformance with the Board's Charter.

      Dated:



                                                   JEFFREY D. GARDIN
                                                   Recorder, Armed Services
                                                   Board of Contract Appeals




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