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 1        IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO


 2 CENTURY BANK, a New Mexico
 3 banking corporation,

 4          Plaintiff-Appellee,

 5 v.                                                                                  No. 31,939

 6   ARTYARD LIMITED PARTNERSHIP,
 7   a New Mexico limited partnership,
 8   DONALD H. WIVIOTT, MITCHEL M.
 9   DAVENPORT, ANTHONY J. ALLEGRETTI,
10   DHW, LLC, a New Mexico limited liability
11   company, THE ARTYARD MASTER
12   CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATION., INC., a
13   New Mexico corporation, and PARKSIDE
14   RESIDENTIAL CONDOMINIUM
15   ASSOCIATION, INC., a New Mexico
16   Corporation,

17          Defendants,

18 and

19 PRAXIS ARCHITECTS, INC., a New
20 Mexico corporation,

21          Defendant-Appellant.

22 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF SANTA FE COUNTY
23 Barbara Vigil, District Judge
 1 Scheuer, Yost & Patterson, P.C.
 2 Charlotte H. Heterington
 3 Santa Fe, NM

 4 for Appellee

 5 Sommer, Sutin, Udall, Hardwick, & Hyatt, P.A.
 6 Jack N. Hardwick
 7 Santa Fe, NM

 8 for Appellant

 9                            MEMORANDUM OPINION

10 VIGIL, Judge.

11        Defendant-Appellant Praxis Architects, Inc. (Praxis) has appealed from two

12 related orders: one awarding summary judgment to Plaintiff-Appellee Century Bank

13 (Century), and the other awarding attorney fees and costs to Century. We issued a

14 notice of proposed summary disposition, proposing to dismiss the appeal on grounds

15 that neither order is final. Century has filed a memorandum in opposition and Praxis

16 has filed a memorandum in support, which we have duly considered. Because we

17 remain unpersuaded that this matter is properly before us at this juncture, we dismiss

18 the appeal.

19        The right to appeal is generally restricted to final judgments and decisions. See

20 NMSA 1978, § 39-3-2 (1966); Kelly Inn No. 102 v. Kapnison, 113 N.M. 231, 234-40,

21 824 P.2d 1033, 1036-42 (1992). Under the circumstances presented in this case, the



                                              2
 1 orders could only be final and appealable if they could be said to adjudicate all of the

 2 issues as to any party. See generally Rule 1-054(B)(2) NMRA.

 3        As we previously observed, neither of the district court’s orders fully resolves

 4 all of the issues as to Century, because Century’s claims against other defendants

 5 remain pending. The orders similarly fail to dispose of Praxis’ cross-claims against

 6 other defendants. Accordingly, insofar as issues remain outstanding relative to both

 7 Century and Praxis, the orders cannot be regarded as final and appealable pursuant to

 8 Rule 1-054(B)(2). Cf. Healthsource, Inc. v. X-Ray Assoc. of N.M., 2005-NMCA-097,

 9 ¶¶ 11-15, 138 N.M. 70, 116 P.3d 861 (observing that appeal may only be taken if all

10 issues have been resolved by the order under consideration; where counterclaims

11 remain, immediate appeal is generally unavailable); Tarin’s, Inc. v. Tinley, 2000-

12 NMCA-048, ¶ 2, 129 N.M. 185, 3 P.3d 680 (holding that a judgment containing no

13 mention of a counterclaim was not a final, appealable order).

14        In its memorandum in opposition Century argues that the orders should be

15 regarded as final, insofar as they resolve all claims “as between Century and Praxis.”

16 [MIO 1, 3, 4] However, the fact that the issues between these two parties may have

17 been resolved is insufficient. To satisfy Rule 1-054(B)(2), an order must resolve every

18 issue as to one or more of the parties. For the reasons previously stated, neither of the

19 district court’s orders meets this description.



                                               3
 1        Century further suggests that the district court’s orders should be regarded as

 2 final insofar as “Praxis’ remaining cross-claims are severable and could be tried as a

 3 separate unit.” [MIO 3] In this regard, Century observes that the district court’s

 4 orders resolve all of Praxis’ claims relative to the mortgaged premises, leaving only

 5 Praxis’ contractual claims pending. [MIO 4-5] However, the fact that the claims

 6 currently pending are different in nature from the claim previously resolved, such that

 7 severance might be a theoretical possibility, does not render the orders final under any

 8 rule or published authority of which we are aware. The authorities upon which

 9 Century relies, addressing “difficult questions” within the “twilight zone of finality,”

10 [MIO 4] are applicable to “marginal cases” in which all substantive claims have been

11 resolved, leaving only collateral matters and/or ministerial acts outstanding. See

12 generally Executive Sports Club, Inc. v. First Plaza Trust, 1998-NMSC-008, ¶ 12 n.3,

13 125 N.M. 78, 957 P.2d 63 (observing that “marginal cases” describes a limited class).

14 This is not such a case.

15        Finally, we understand Century to argue that the orders are final, insofar as the

16 district court “exercised its discretion” by “declaring the finality of its judgment”

17 pursuant to Rule 1-054(B)(2). [MIO 4-5] However, Rule 1-054(B)(2) does not provide

18 for discretionary declarations of finality. We acknowledge that Rule 1-054(B)(1)

19 provides that a judgment that is final as to one or more claims but fewer than all



                                              4
1 claims may become final, “upon an express determination that there is no just reason

2 for delay.” Id. However, neither of the orders at issue in this case incorporates such

3 language.

4        Accordingly, for the reasons stated above and in the notice of proposed

5 summary disposition, we conclude that neither of the district court’s orders is

6 immediately reviewable. The appeal is therefore summarily dismissed.

7        IT IS SO ORDERED.

8                                               _______________________________
9                                               MICHAEL E. VIGIL, Judge


10 WE CONCUR:



11 _________________________________
12 JAMES J. WECHSLER, Judge



13 _________________________________
14 LINDA M. VANZI, Judge




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