[Cite as Sturgill v. JP Morgan Chase Bank, 2013-Ohio-688.]


                     IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
                        FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
                             HOCKING COUNTY

DENVER G. STURGILL,             :
                                :
     Plaintiff-Appellant,       : Case No. 12CA8
                                :
     vs.                        :
                                : DECISION AND JUDGMENT
JP MORGAN CHASE & CO.           : ENTRY
                                :
    Defendant-Appellee.         : Released: 02/19/13
_____________________________________________________________
                          APPEARANCES:

Denver Golden Sturgill, Garrison, Kentucky, Appellant, pro se.

James C. Carpenter and Vincent I. Holzhall, Steptoe & Johnson, PLLC,
Columbus, Ohio, for Appellee.
_____________________________________________________________

McFarland, P.J.

        {¶1} This is an appeal from a Hocking County Court of Common

Pleas judgment entry upholding a settlement agreement between Appellant,

Denver Sturgill, and Appellee, JPMorgan Chase Bank, and dismissing

Appellant’s complaint with prejudice. On appeal, Appellant contends that 1)

the trial court erred as a matter of law in concluding that a settlement had

been reached among the parties; and 2) the trial court erred as a matter of

law in considering the August 5, 2010, agreement without allowing any

discussion about the agreement at issue, which Appellant contends provided
Hocking App. No. 12CA8                                                        2


for a cooling off period during which consent to settlement could be

withdrawn. In light of our determination that Appellant’s cashing of the

settlement check forfeited his right to appeal and has rendered the issues

raised herein moot, we dismiss Appellant’s appeal.

                                    FACTS

      {¶2} Appellant filed a pro se complaint on May 4, 2009, against

Appellee alleging that it improperly paid several checks Appellant claimed

had been forged. The trial court referred the matter to civil mediation. At

the end of mediation, which was held on August 5, 2010, the parties

executed a handwritten settlement agreement, which essentially provided

that Appellant would accept the payment of $8,300.00 as full settlement;

however, Appellant later questioned the existence and enforceability of the

settlement agreement and refused to sign a release.

      {¶3} The trial court held a hearing on September 24, 2010, regarding

whether the agreement was enforceable and concluded it was. That same

day, the trial court issued a judgment entry finding the parties agreed to

settle all claims on the terms set forth in the handwritten settlement

agreement and therefore upheld the August 5, 2010, settlement agreement,

finding it to be valid and binding on all parties, and dismissed the matter
Hocking App. No. 12CA8                                                                                    3


with prejudice. Specifically, the trial court’s judgment entry included the

following language:

        “All claims in this matter having been resolved by said

        settlement agreement of the parties, this matter is hereby

        dismissed with prejudice upon payment of the settlement

        amount;1 each party to bear their own costs. This Order is a

        final order. The clerk of courts should designate this case as

        terminated.”

Further, the entry bears a stamp indicating it was a final, appealable order.

        {¶4} Appellant filed a notice of appeal from the September 24, 2010,

judgment entry; however upon motion of Appellee, this Court dismissed

Appellant’s original appeal for lack of a final, appealable order. In reaching

this decision, we determined that because the judgment entry anticipated

further action from Appellee – the payment of the settlement amount – the

entry appealed from was not a final, appealable order, relying on Colbert v.

Realty X Corp., 8th Dist. No. 86151, 2005-Ohio-6726, in support.

        {¶5} After accepting delivery of the settlement check on February

15, 2011,2 Appellant filed a second notice of appeal on March 8, 2011.


1
  The italicized phrase was handwritten into the judgment entry and initialed by the judge.
2
  The copy of the check contained in the record bears an issue date of September 24, 2010. The record
further indicates that the check was not mailed to Appellant because Appellant requested he be able to pick
the check up from Appellee’s counsel’s office. Appellee failed to pick the check up but apparently finally
Hocking App. No. 12CA8                                                                                     4


However, this Court once again dismissed Appellant’s appeal for lack of a

final, appealable order, based upon our reasoning that the judgment entry

expressly required the parties to refer to another document, namely the

August 5, 2010, settlement agreement itself, to determine their respective

rights and obligations. After that dismissal, the trial court held a status

conference and on May 15 2012, filed a Final Judgment Entry which found

that the parties’ August 5, 2010, settlement agreement was valid and

binding.

        {¶6} The entry further found that Appellant had agreed to settle and

release all claims against Appellee in exchange for the agreed upon

settlement amount of $8,300.00, that Appellee had delivered to Appellant its

settlement check in that amount, that Appellee had received the check and

further cashed the check, and that as such, the August 5, 2010, settlement

agreement had been fully completed. Based upon these findings, the trial

court dismissed Appellant’s complaint with prejudice, concluded its order

was final, and stated that there was no just cause for delay in entering final

judgment. It is from this final judgment entry that Appellant now brings his

current appeal, assigning the following errors for our review.


agreed to accept the check by mail in February. Our record on appeal further contains a “NOTICE OF
FILING OF AN UNCASHED CHECK ISSUED BY CHASE BANK TO DENVER G. STURGILL” filed
on March 11, 2011, which indicates that Appellant had received the check and it was being held in escrow
pending resolution of the appeal.
Hocking App. No. 12CA8                                                           5


                         ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

“I.   THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW IN
      CONCLUDING THAT A SETTLEMENT HAD BEEN REACHED
      AMONG THE PARTIES.

II.   THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW IN
      CONSIDERING THE MARCH 5, 2010 [SIC] AGREEMENT
      WITHOUT ALLOWING ANY DISCUSSION ABOUT THE
      AGREEMENT AT ISSUE PROVIDED FOR [SIC] A COOLING
      OFF PERIOD DURING WHICH CONSENT TO A SETTLEMENT
      CAN BE WITHDRAWN.”

                            LEGAL ANALYSIS

      {¶7} Before we reach the merits of Appellant’s assignments of error,

we must address an initial, threshold procedural matter. As set forth above,

Appellant has filed several appeals in this matter. In our first consideration

of this matter, we dismissed Appellant’s appeal for lack of a final,

appealable order based upon the fact that the settlement amount had not been

paid, payment of which was a condition precedent according to the express

terms of the judgment entry, to the entry becoming final and appealable. In

dismissing the prior appeal we recognized that Appellant was “in a difficult

position[,]” citing Horen v. Summit Homes, 6th Dist. No. WD-04-001, 2004-

Ohio-2218, which reasoned that a party forfeits his right to appeal when he

accepts payment of a judgment amount, and specifically by accepting and

cashing a check from the opposing party.
Hocking App. No. 12CA8                                                          6


      {¶8} As such, in dismissing the appeal, we noted that Appellant had

three options which would allow him to both finalize the dismissal and

pursue an appeal, without rendering his appeal moot. Specifically, we stated

as follows:

      “First, Mr. Sturgill can file a motion with the trial court asking

      it to reconsider its entry and instead enter judgment in his favor

      in the amount of the settlement rather than requiring that the

      Bank pay the settlement amount to him before the case is

      dismissed. Second, Mr. Sturgill can accept but not cash the

      check from the Bank. And third, Mr. Sturgill can find an

      escrow agent to hold the money until an appeal is concluded.”

      (Emphasis added).

      {¶9} However, a review of the trial court’s judgment entry dated

May 15, 2012, states that it was admitted and undisputed that, after receiving

the settlement check, Appellant cashed the check and subsequently spent the

settlement proceeds. In his appellate brief, Appellant clearly states that he

has cashed the check. Appellant contends, however, that he cashed the

$8,300.00 check from Appellee “under the on going [sic] reservation and

without prejudice to Appellant’s rights * * *.” Appellant further argues that

“[s]ince there was never a meeting of the minds and no agreement, the check
Hocking App. No. 12CA8                                                          7


$8,300.00. [sic] acted as merely a partial payment and this Appellant seeks

to recover the balance from the Appellee, JPMorgan Chase Bank.”

      {¶10} In Horen v. Summit Homes, supra, at ¶ 41, Horen “accepted

payment of the entire judgment [$5,000.00] and also appealed from that

judgment, contending that the judgment was too low.” Summit Homes

argued that the case was moot because the judgment had been paid. Based

upon these facts, the Sixth District Court of Appeals found “that by cashing

the check for $5,000 the Horens forfeited their right to appeal the judgment.”

See also, Blodgett v. Blodgett, 49 Ohio St.3d 243, 551 N.E.2d 1249 (1990)

(finding wife’s appeal was moot as a result of her accepting payment of the

judgment amount); Lynch v. Bd. of Educ., 116 Ohio St. 361, 156 N.E. 188 at

paragraph three of the syllabus (1927) (“Where the court rendering judgment

has jurisdiction of the subject-matter of the action and of the parties, and

fraud has not intervened, and the judgment is voluntarily paid and satisfied,

such payment puts an end to the controversy, and takes away from the

defendant the right to appeal or prosecute error or even to move for vacation

of judgment.”). We find the reasoning of Horen, Blodgett and Lynch to be

persuasive and therefore find that Appellant’s cashing of the settlement

check in the amount of $8,300.00, which represents the full amount of the
Hocking App. No. 12CA8                                                                           8


judgment, caused him to forfeit his right to appeal, thereby rendering his

appeal moot.

           {¶11} However, Appellant seems to also argue that he cashed the

check under protest, or under a reservation of rights, and therefore is

permitted to pursue his appeal. This issue was also addressed in Horen at ¶

48 where the Horens claimed that because they signed the check at issue

under protest, there was no accord and satisfaction and “they retained their

right to challenge the amount of the judgment on appeal.” In response to

this argument, the Horen court reasoned that accord and satisfaction “is

applicable only when there is a disagreement as to the amount owed,” and

stated that the case did not involve such a situation in light of the fact that

the amount to be paid to satisfy the judgment was $5,000 and there was no

dispute about that. Id. at ¶ 50. In reaching its decision, the court further

reasoned as follows:

           “The Horens' notation that the check was cashed “under

           protest” does not help them because all discussion of R.C.

           1301.133 is irrelevant. Summit Homes wrote the check to

           satisfy the judgment and not to settle a dispute over what the

           Horens believe the judgment should have been. Pursuant to


3
    We note that R.C. 1301.13 was amended and recodified as R.C. 1301.308 as of June 29, 2011.
Hocking App. No. 12CA8                                                         9


      R.C. 1301.13, an “under protest” notation means that the

      creditor understands that the debtor is tendering the check as

      payment in full of a disputed debt, and that in cashing the check

      the creditor is reserving the right to collect further amounts it

      asserts are due. However, the entire amount of the judgment is

      $5,000; the Horens may dispute that the judgment is fair or

      lawful, but they cannot assert that the judgment is greater than

      $5,000. Voluntary payment and voluntary acceptance of

      payment of the entire judgment is the only thing needed to make

      the appeal moot pursuant to Blodgett, supra.” Id. at ¶ 51.

      (Emphasis added).

      {¶12} As in Horen, the amount owed is the undisputed amount of the

judgment, which in the case sub judice was $8,300.00. Though Appellant

might disagree that this amount was fair, he cannot assert that the judgment

was greater than $8,300.00. Likewise, his voluntary acceptance of the

payment of the entire judgment, and specifically his act of cashing the

check, rather than placing it in escrow, has rendered his appeal moot.

Accordingly, the appeal is dismissed.

                                                     APPEAL DISMISSED.
Hocking App. No. 12CA8                                                         10


                           JUDGMENT ENTRY

      It is ordered that the APPEAL BE DISMISSED. Costs herein are
assessed to Appellant.

      The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

      It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing
the Hocking County Court of Common Pleas to carry this judgment into
execution.

       Any stay previously granted by this Court is hereby terminated as of
the date of this entry.

      A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to
Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Exceptions.

Harsha, J: Concurs in Judgment and Opinion.
Abele, J.: Concurs in Judgment Only.


                                       For the Court,

                                       BY: ____________________
                                           Matthew W. McFarland
                                           Presiding Judge




                         NOTICE TO COUNSEL

      Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final
judgment entry and the time period for further appeal commences from
the date of filing with the clerk.
