                         This opinion will be unpublished and
                         may not be cited except as provided by
                         Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

                              STATE OF MINNESOTA
                              IN COURT OF APPEALS
                                    A15-1609

                                     Joy Gerlovich,
                                        Relator,

                                           vs.

                Department of Employment and Economic Development,
                                    Respondent.

                                 Filed June 13, 2016
                                      Affirmed
                                 Smith, Tracy, Judge

                Department of Employment and Economic Development
                                File No. 33537244-5

Joy Gerlovich, Esko, Minnesota (pro se relator)

Lee B. Nelson, Department of Employment and Economic Development, St. Paul,
Minnesota (for respondent)

      Considered and decided by Worke, Presiding Judge; Halbrooks, Judge; and Smith,

Tracy, Judge.

                        UNPUBLISHED OPINION

SMITH, TRACY, Judge

      Relator Joy Gerlovich challenges an unemployment-law judge’s (ULJ)

determination that Gerlovich committed fraud when seeking unemployment benefits,

arguing that she did not intend to defraud respondent Department of Employment and

Economic Development (DEED). Because the ULJ did not err by determining that
Gerlovich lacked a good faith belief that her answers regarding work and earnings were

correct, we affirm the fraud determination.

                                         FACTS

       Gerlovich requested and received unemployment benefits in 2014. Each week

when requesting benefits, Gerlovich was asked: “Did you work or have a paid holiday

during the reporting period listed above?” Each time, Gerlovich answered, “No.” DEED

later determined that Gerlovich was ineligible for unemployment benefits for several of

the weeks for which she received benefits because she answered “no” even though she

had worked at least part time.

       At issue in this appeal are Gerlovich’s unemployment benefits for the weeks of

July 27, August 3, and August 10, 2014.1 DEED determined that Gerlovich had earned

$311 the week of July 27, $356.50 the week of August 3, and $858 the week of

August 10, and that she therefore had been overpaid $933 in unemployment benefits.

DEED also determined that Gerlovich had committed fraud when requesting

unemployment benefits for these weeks because she “failed to accurately disclose

earnings and/or hours worked.” DEED imposed a mandatory fraud penalty of $373.20.

See Minn. Stat. § 268.18, subd. 2(a) (2014) (stating that DEED “must assess a penalty

equal to 40 percent of the amount fraudulently obtained”).



1
   Gerlovich’s brief also discusses issues surrounding other weeks for which she was
determined to be ineligible for unemployment benefits. But because an appeal must be
filed within 30 days of the ULJ’s decision on reconsideration, Minn. Stat. § 268.105,
subd. 7(a) (Supp. 2015), Gerlovich timely appealed only the three weeks of earnings
discussed here.

                                              2
       Gerlovich challenged the fraud determination.           At an evidentiary hearing,

Gerlovich conceded that she worked during the three weeks in question and that DEED’s

records regarding her earnings for those weeks were “[a]bout right.” She explained that

she did not retain her original records and could not confirm her exact earnings.

       Gerlovich provided several explanations for her answer to DEED’s question about

whether she had worked during the weeks in question. First, Gerlovich stated that her

answer was “inaccurate” and that she did not remember why she answered “no.” Second,

she stated that she “probably” believed the question was asking if she had worked less

than 32 hours each week. When the ULJ questioned that belief, Gerlovich stated that

“this question is very self-explanatory and [she] obviously put the wrong answer.” Third,

Gerlovich asserted that a DEED representative told her to “continue to file” as she always

had and to answer “no.” In response to further questioning, Gerlovich clarified that the

DEED representative never told her how to answer the specific question or to answer

inaccurately. Finally, Gerlovich stated that she did not fully read the question and that

she had “no excuse.”       Gerlovich asserted that she did not answer incorrectly “on

purpose.”

       The ULJ determined that “Gerlovich did not have a good faith belief as to the

correctness of her answers when reporting whether she worked for each of the weeks in

question.”   The ULJ therefore determined that “Gerlovich committed fraud and is

ineligible for unemployment benefits until she repays the [d]epartment all benefits

fraudulently paid to her as well as interest and penalties.”




                                              3
       Gerlovich timely requested reconsideration. In her request, Gerlovich explained

that, due to several incidents in her personal life, she had “a semi nervous breakdown,”

had trouble concentrating and holding down a job, and made mistakes on the questions.

The ULJ determined that Gerlovich failed to show that the evidence submitted at the

hearing was likely false and failed to show good cause for failing to provide this other

evidence at the hearing. The ULJ therefore affirmed his earlier order.

       Gerlovich appeals.

                                      DECISION

       Gerlovich concedes that she was overpaid benefits, but challenges the ULJ’s

determination that she committed fraud. We may reverse or modify a ULJ’s decision if

the relator’s substantial rights have been prejudiced because the ULJ’s findings,

inferences, conclusion, or decision are unsupported by the record or affected by an error

of law. Minn. Stat. § 268.105, subd. 7(d) (Supp. 2015). We view the ULJ’s findings of

fact in the light most favorable to the decision and give deference to the ULJ’s credibility

determinations. Skarhus v. Davanni’s Inc., 721 N.W.2d 340, 344 (Minn. App. 2006).

       “Any    applicant    who    receives   unemployment      benefits   by    knowingly

misrepresenting, misstating, or failing to disclose any material fact, or who makes a false

statement or representation without a good faith belief as to the correctness of the

statement or representation, has committed fraud.” Minn. Stat. § 268.18, subd. 2(a).

Upon a ULJ’s determination that the applicant has committed fraud, the applicant must

repay the unemployment benefits and pay “a penalty equal to 40 percent of the amount

fraudulently obtained.”     Id.   A determination of whether an applicant fraudulently


                                              4
obtained unemployment benefits depends on the credibility of the applicant’s testimony.

Burnevik v. Dep’t of Econ. Sec., 367 N.W.2d 681, 683 (Minn. App. 1985).

       When challenging the ULJ’s fraud determination, Gerlovich argues that she did

not “knowingly” answer DEED’s question incorrectly. But fraud can be established if

the ULJ determines that an applicant “makes a false statement or representation without a

good faith belief as to the correctness of the statement or representation.” See Minn. Stat.

§ 268.18, subd. 2(a). The ULJ made such a determination here, explaining that Gerlovich

did not have a good faith belief because “Gerlovich knew or should have known the

wages she was earning and hours she was working” and “a simple reading of the question

would prompt a person to answer ‘yes.’” The issue on appeal is whether the ULJ erred

by finding that Gerlovich did not have “a good faith belief as to the correctness” of her

answers when requesting benefits, not whether Gerlovich “knowingly” answered

incorrectly. See id.

       At the hearing, Gerlovich provided several explanations for her answers, including

that (1) she did not remember why she answered “no”; (2) she “probably” believed the

question was asking if she had worked less than 32 hours each week; (3) a DEED

representative told her to “continue to file” for benefits as she always had; and (4) she

had “no excuse” and did not answer incorrectly “on purpose.” Gerlovich conceded that

the DEED representative did not tell her how to answer the questions or to answer the

questions inaccurately. The ULJ did not believe Gerlovich’s other explanations, and we

defer to the ULJ’s credibility determinations. See Skarhus, 721 N.W.2d at 344.




                                             5
       In her brief, Gerlovich asserts that she answered DEED’s question incorrectly due

to stress caused by several tragic episodes in her personal life. Gerlovich provided a

similar explanation on reconsideration below, but the ULJ determined that Gerlovich had

failed to show good cause for failing to provide this evidence at the evidentiary hearing.

Even if Gerlovich had timely provided this explanation to the ULJ, the stress Gerlovich

was understandably suffering does not support a finding that Gerlovich had a good faith

belief that her answers were correct.

       Gerlovich does not dispute that she worked during the three weeks in question.

She requested unemployment benefits two days after she worked each week, based on the

work records she had at that time. Gerlovich agreed at the hearing that the question is

“very self-explanatory” and that she had “no excuse” for answering it incorrectly. The

record supports the ULJ’s finding that Gerlovich lacked a good faith belief that

answering “no” was correct. The ULJ therefore did not err by determining that Gerlovich

committed fraud. See Minn. Stat. § 268.18, subd. 2(a).

       Affirmed.




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