                            UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                            FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
____________________________________
                                    )
DELONTE EMILIANO TRAZELL,           )
                                    )
                  Plaintiff,        )
                                    )
      v.                            )                 Civil Action No. 12-01369 (ABJ)
                                    )
ROBERT G. WILMERS, et al.,          )
                                    )
                  Defendants.       )
____________________________________)


                                  MEMORANDUM OPINION

        Pending before the Court is Plaintiff Delonte Emiliano Trazell’s Motion for

Reconsideration under Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e), which asks this Court to reconsider its order

granting in part defendants’ motion to dismiss plaintiff’s Treaty of Watertown, 18 U.S.C. § 1341

(“mail fraud”), and D.C. Municipal Regulation title 16, §§ 341.1, 341.3 claims and denying

plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment. See October 11, 2013 Order [Dkt. # 24]. Also

pending before the Court is the question whether, in light of the order dismissing all of plaintiff’s

claims except for two claims based on D.C. law, the Court has continuing subject-matter

jurisdiction over this case.   For the following reasons, the Court will deny the motion to

reconsider and will dismiss this case for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction.

   I.      The Court will deny plaintiff’s motion for reconsideration.

        Motions for reconsideration are committed to the sound discretion of the trial court and

need not be granted “unless the district court finds that there is an intervening change of

controlling law, the availability of new evidence, or the need to correct a clear error or prevent

manifest injustice.” Firestone v. Firestone, 76 F.3d 1205, 1208 (D.C. Cir. 1996) (citations and
internal quotation marks omitted).      “A Rule 59(e) motion to reconsider is not simply an

opportunity to reargue facts and theories upon which a court has already ruled,” New York v.

United States, 880 F. Supp. 37, 38 (D.D.C. 1995), nor is it a means to raise new issues or to

present new theories or arguments that could have been advanced during the course of litigation,

Kattan v. District of Columbia, 995 F.2d 274, 276 (D.C. Cir. 1993).

       Here, plaintiff fails to state any basis for reconsideration of this Court’s decision to

dismiss his Treaty of Watertown, mail fraud, and D.C. Municipal Regulation title 16, §§ 341.1,

341.3 claims. 1 He does not alert the Court to any new controlling law or provide evidence that

was not available prior to the Court’s decision in this case. See Pl.’s Mot. for Recons. at 1–3

[Dkt. # 27]. Moreover, there is no need to grant his motion to reconsider in order to correct a

clear error or prevent a manifest injustice. Although plaintiff provides the Court with additional

facts in support of some of his claims, none of the facts – even assuming they were not available

when the Court ruled on defendants’ motion to dismiss – would alter the ultimate conclusion that

plaintiff failed to state a claim upon which relief may be granted for a violation of the Treaty of

Watertown, the mail fraud statute, and section 341.1 and 341.3 of the D.C. Municipal

Regulations. To support his Treaty of Watertown claim, plaintiff provides the Court with more

history regarding his aboriginal heritage. See id. at 2–3. This history, however, once again fails

to show that plaintiff is a member of a Native American nation that signed the Treaty of

Watertown and therefore fails to demonstrate that he has rights under that treaty. Likewise,

plaintiff’s additional statement that defendants sent him notice that his MT&T checking account


1       Plaintiff also asks this Court to reconsider its decision regarding D.C. Municipal
Regulation title 16, § 341.5. The Court, however, did not dismiss that claim when ruling on
defendants’ motion to dismiss because the Court found that plaintiff successfully stated sufficient
facts to state a claim upon which relief might be granted. Consequently, the Court assumes
plaintiff erred in listing that provision and that he does not wish the Court to reconsider its ruling
with regard to that claim.
                                                  2
had a negative balance and that the “negative balance [was] caused by several non-consensual

MT & T checking account . . . debits” is not sufficient to state a claim that defendants violated

the mail fraud statute. Id. at 3.     Just because a transaction is “non-consensual” does not

automatically mean that it is a product of fraud nor does it automatically mean that defendants’

were responsible for any alleged fraud. Finally, plaintiff does not attempt to provide any

additional facts in support of his dismissed D.C. Municipal Regulation claims. Therefore, the

Court will not reconsider its decision to dismiss plaintiff’s Treaty of Watertown, mail fraud, and

D.C. Municipal Regulation §§ 341.1, 341.3 claims.

        Plaintiff also appears to assert a new claim in his motion for reconsideration: a violation

of 18 U.S.C. § 1091, which criminalizes genocide. Id. at 1. To the extent that plaintiff is seeking

to amend his complaint to add a new claim, he has not accompanied the instant motion with “an

original of the proposed pleading as amended” and therefore fails to comply with Local Rule

7(i). Moreover, even if plaintiff properly sought to amend his complaint, that amendment would

be denied as futile because there is no set of facts in this case that would support a finding that

plaintiff is a victim of genocide, let alone that defendants committed genocide by repossessing

plaintiff’s vehicle. Therefore, the Court will deny plaintiff’s motion for reconsideration in its

entirety. 2




2       Plaintiff does not explicitly ask the Court to reconsider its decision to dismiss his claim
under UN Resolution 61/295, but he does devote substantial attention to that provision in his
motion for reconsideration, quoting the resolution and defining the word “resource” for the
Court. Pl.’s Mot. to Recons. at 1–2. Even if the Court liberally construes these arguments as a
request for the Court to reconsider its earlier decision, however, that request would be denied.
Plaintiff does not provide this Court with any new information that was not already stated in his
complaint and prior pleadings nor does he raise any new facts that would arguably support a
claim under UN Resolution 61/295.
                                                 3
   II.      The Court lacks subject-matter jurisdiction over plaintiff’s remaining D.C. law
            claims.

          Under Rule 12(b)(1), the plaintiff bears the burden of establishing jurisdiction by a

preponderance of the evidence. See Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 561 (1992);

Shekoyan v. Sibley Int’l Corp., 217 F. Supp. 2d 59, 63 (D.D.C. 2002). Federal courts are courts

of limited jurisdiction and the law presumes that “a cause lies outside this limited jurisdiction.”

Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 511 U.S. 375, 377 (1994); see also Gen. Motors

Corp. v. EPA, 363 F.3d 442, 448 (D.C. Cir. 2004) (“As a court of limited jurisdiction, we begin,

and end, with an examination of our jurisdiction.”). “[B]ecause subject-matter jurisdiction is ‘an

Art[icle] III as well as a statutory requirement . . . no action of the parties can confer subject-

matter jurisdiction upon a federal court.’” Akinseye v. District of Columbia, 339 F.3d 970, 971

(D.C. Cir. 2003), quoting Ins. Corp. of Ir., Ltd. v. Compagnie des Bauxites de Guinee, 456 U.S.

694, 702 (1982). Instead, there must either be a federal question in the case, giving rise to

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331, or there must be diversity jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.

§ 1332.

         Here, there is no argument that there is federal question jurisdiction in this case because

plaintiff’s only remaining claims are based on D.C. law and therefore do not arise “under the

Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States.” 28 U.S.C. § 1331. Consequently, in order

for the Court to have continuing jurisdiction over plaintiff’s remaining D.C. law claims, the

parties must be completely diverse and the amount in controversy, alleged in good faith, must

exceed $75,000. 28 U.S.C. § 1332. Although the parties are completely diverse and thus meet

the first requirement of diversity jurisdiction, the Court finds that the amount in controversy does

not exceed the statutory threshold. Diversity jurisdiction is therefore not present in this case.




                                                  4
       When considering whether the amount in controversy is alleged in good faith and

exceeds the jurisdictional threshold, the Court must be “very confident that a party cannot

recover the jurisdictional amount before dismissing the case for want of jurisdiction.”

Rosenboro v. Kim, 994 F.2d 13, 17 (D.C. Cir. 1993). The required level of confidence is present

when it “appear[s] to a legal certainty that the claim is really for less than the jurisdictional

amount,” or that “plaintiff cannot recover the amount claimed.” Id. at 16–17, quoting St. Paul

Mercury Indem. Co. v. Red Cab Co., 303 U.S. 283, 289 (1938) (internal quotation marks

omitted). Once the stated amount in controversy is challenged, “the party asserting jurisdiction

. . . bears the burden of establishing the amount in controversy.” Id. at 17.

       Here, plaintiff invokes the jurisdiction of this Court and therefore bears the burden of

establishing that the amount in controversy – with respect to his claim that defendants’

unlawfully repossessed his vehicle without a valid security interest and that they allegedly failed

to keep the vehicle in the District of Columbia for fifteen days after repossession – exceeds the

$75,000 statutory threshold. Plaintiff, however, has not met that burden. Not only did plaintiff

fail to follow this Court’s direct order to file a supplemental brief regarding the Court’s

continuing subject-matter jurisdiction in this case, see October 11, 2013 Order, he also failed to

provide the Court with any evidence in his original pleadings to show that he could possibly

recover $115,000 based on an unlawful repossession claim. Consequently, the Court cannot find

that plaintiff’s alleged amount in controversy was made in good faith.

       Moreover, even if plaintiff had proffered evidence in support of jurisdiction, the Court

would still find that he cannot, in good faith, state a claim in excess of the $75,000 statutory

threshold. D.C. law governing consumer remedies limits plaintiff’s recovery to “the amount

financed, plus any down payment or required deposit balance, and the amount of all



                                                 5
