J-A14038-16


NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

H. B.,                                            IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
                                                        PENNSYLVANIA
                            Appellee

                       v.

L. F.,

                            Appellant                  No. 1777 MDA 2015


               Appeal from the Order Entered September 15, 2015
                 in the Court of Common Pleas of Centre County
                         Civil Division at No.: 2012-4656


BEFORE: BOWES, J., OTT, J., and PLATT, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY PLATT, J.:                             FILED AUGUST 05, 2016

         Appellant, L. F., appeals pro se from the trial court’s order entering a

final three-year protection from abuse (PFA) order in favor of Appellee, H.

B., and the parties’ minor daughter, A.B. We affirm.

         We take the relevant facts and procedural history of this case from the

trial court’s December 16, 2015 opinion and our independent review of the

certified record.      The parties married in February 2007; early in the

marriage, Appellant became verbally and physically abusive.            Appellant

worked as a police officer in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and because of the stress

associated with his job, the couple relocated to a small town in Colorado.

Appellee became pregnant, and A.B. was born in January 2008.            Appellee

____________________________________________


*
    Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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moved with A.B. to Pennsylvania later that same year. The parties divorced

in June 2009.

       On December 17, 2012, Appellee filed a PFA petition. At the hearing,

the parties agreed to the entry of a temporary eighteen-month PFA order.

On July 2, 2014, Appellee filed a petition seeking continuation of the order.

The hearing on the petition was continued several times, and the then-

presiding judge recused herself from the case. The case was re-assigned,

and the trial court conducted a hearing on the matter on June 8, 2015. The

court entered a temporary order continuing the previous PFA order, and

scheduled a final PFA hearing.1

       At the September 10, 2015 hearing, Appellee provided extensive

testimony regarding Appellant’s abuse during their marriage, including:

telling her to have an abortion when she was pregnant with A.B.;

threatening to kill her while she was pregnant and to abort A.B. himself;

throwing a mug of coffee at her and A.B.; and calling her derogatory names.

Appellee testified that, during a November 1, 2008 incident, she called 911

after Appellant punched her in the chest.

       Appellee testified that the parties had no contact in 2009. Appellant

visited with A.B. once in 2010 and again in 2011. In 2012, Appellant was

____________________________________________


1
  See 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6107(b)(2), (c) (authorizing court to enter appropriate
relief pending final PFA hearing); see also Holderman v. Hagner, 760
A.2d 1189, 1192 n.7 (Pa. Super. 2000).




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ordered to pay child support, and he filed a petition to modify custody. On

December 12, 2012, at a custody proceeding, the court determined that

Appellant could have supervised visits with A.B.

      Later that same day, Appellee was attacked by a man as she walked

on a bike trail. The man approached her from behind, put his arm around

her neck, and cut her neck with a knife. Appellant bit her attacker and he

fled into the woods when another person approached on the trail. Appellee

suffered a deep cut in her throat, close to an artery, requiring fifteen

stitches.   Law enforcement instructed her to go into hiding with A.B., and

advised that they change their names.        Appellee does not believe that

Appellant attacked her himself, but thinks that he arranged the attack as a

punishment.

      Appellee also testified that on July 12, 2014, at a supervised visit

between Appellant and A.B. at a visitation center where the parties were to

have no contact, Appellant walked toward Appellee with a smirk on his face

while A.B. cried. Appellant stopped approaching them only when Appellee

took pictures of him with her phone.

      Appellant testified at the hearing and stated that he resigned from his

position at the police department in Colorado following his arrest in the

November 2008 incident to avoid being fired. He averred that, during the

incident, he merely pushed Appellee away from him using the minimum

force necessary after she became aggressive.




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       On September 15, 2015, the trial court entered its final PFA order in

favor of Appellee and A.B., effective from September 10, 2015 through

September 10, 2018, directing Appellant to refrain from abusing Appellee

and A.B.      The order prohibits Appellant from having any contact with

Appellee, and allows him limited contact with A.B. at a visitation center and

though Skype, in accordance with a previous custody order. (See Final PFA,

9/15/15, at 1, 3). This timely appeal followed.2

       Appellant raises the following issues for our review:

       1. Did the trial court abuse its discretion and act in a manifestly
       unreasonable manner by entering a three[-]year final protection from
       abuse order against the Appellant?

       2. Did the trial court abuse its discretion and act in a manifestly
       unreasonable manner by granting the Appellee relief in the form of a
       three year final protection from abuse order, when the only specific
       instance of abuse that was found by the trial court was an alleged
       incident over seven years old and thereby the final protection from
       abuse order could not have the purpose of ceasing abuse as is
       demanded by 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6108(a), as no abuse was found by the
       court as having taken place for over seven years?

       3. Did the trial court abuse its discretion and act in a manifestly
       unreasonable manner by entering into a three year final protection
       from abuse order against the Appellant as relief for an alleged incident
       that occurred over seven years ago and therefore cannot be an
       instance in which the trial court is reasonably providing advance
       prevention of physical or sexual abuse?

       4. Did the trial court abuse its discretion and act in a manifestly
       unreasonable manner by finding that there was a continued pattern of
____________________________________________


2
   Pursuant to the trial court’s order, Appellant filed a timely concise
statement of errors complained of on appeal on November 10, 2015. The
court entered an opinion on December 16, 2015. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925.



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       behavior by the Appellant that demonstrated a continued risk to both
       [Appellee] and the parties’ daughter based on unspecified evidence
       presented to the court during the hearing on June 8, 2015, when a
       review of the transcript of June 8, 2015 does not reasonably show that
       there is a continued pattern of behavior that demonstrates a continued
       risk to the Appellee or the parties’ daughter?

(Appellant’s Brief, at 9-10) (unnecessary capitalization omitted).3

       “We review the propriety of a PFA order for an abuse of discretion or

an error of law.” Ferko-Fox v. Fox, 68 A.3d 917, 920 (Pa. Super. 2013)

(citation omitted).

       In his first issue, Appellant argues the trial court abused its discretion

in entering the PFA order where Appellee’s testimony describing the abuse

was uncertain and contradictory, and she did not contemporaneously report

the abuse to authorities. (See Appellant’s Brief, at 14-17). In support of

this contention, he excerpts portions of Appellee’s allegedly inconsistent

testimony. (See id. at 16). This issue is waived on multiple bases.

       First, Appellant did not include this claim in his Rule 1925(b)

statement.     (See Rule 1925(b) Statement, 11/10/15, at 1-3).        It is well-

settled that “[i]ssues not included in the [Rule 1925(b)] Statement . . . are

waived.” Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii); see also Lazarski v. Archdiocese of

Philadelphia, 926 A.2d 459, 464 (Pa. Super. 2007), appeal denied, 937
____________________________________________


3
   The argument section of Appellant’s brief does not comply with
Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 2119(a) in that it fails to “have at
the head of each part—in distinctive type or in type distinctively displayed—
the particular point treated therein[.]” Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a); (see Appellant’s
Brief, at 14, 17-19). Despite this defect, we will address Appellant’s issues
to the extent we are able to discern them.



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A.2d 446 (Pa. 2007).       Although Appellant indicates in his brief that he

preserved this issue in the second paragraph of his concise statement, (see

Appellant’s Brief, at 15), our review shows that the paragraph contains only

a boilerplate definition of the term “abuse of discretion;” it makes no

reference whatsoever to Appellee’s allegedly incredible testimony.           (See

Rule 1925(b) Statement, at 1 ¶ 2).       Therefore, this issue is waived.    See

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii).

        Furthermore, Appellant’s argument is undeveloped and does not

contain discussion of pertinent legal authority, in violation of Pennsylvania

Rule of Appellate Procedure 2119.      (See Appellant’s Brief, at 14-17); see

also Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a)-(b); Eckman v. Erie Ins. Exchange, 21 A.3d 1203,

1208 (Pa. Super. 2011) (stating argument “not supported by pertinent

authority . . . is waived.”) (citation omitted). Instead, Appellant’s purported

legal argument consists only of the definition of “abuse of discretion;” he

makes no attempt to connect pertinent legal authority to the facts of this

case.    (See Appellant’s Brief, at 15).    We are cognizant of the fact that

Appellant proceeds in this appeal pro se. However,

        [A]ppellate briefs and reproduced records must materially
        conform to the requirements of the Pennsylvania Rules of
        Appellate Procedure. Pa.R.A.P. 2101. This Court may quash or
        dismiss an appeal if the appellant fails to conform to the
        requirements set forth in the Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate
        Procedure. Id.; Commonwealth v. Lyons, 833 A.2d 245 (Pa.
        Super. 2003). Although this Court is willing to liberally construe
        materials filed by a pro se litigant, pro se status confers no
        special benefit upon the appellant. Id. at 252. To the contrary,
        any person choosing to represent himself in a legal proceeding


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      must, to a reasonable extent, assume that his lack of expertise
      and legal training will be his undoing.

Wilkins v. Marsico, 903 A.2d 1281, 1284-85 (Pa. Super. 2006), appeal

denied, 918 A.2d 747 (Pa. 2007) (case citation omitted).          Accordingly,

Appellant’s first issue is waived for his failure to develop it, as well.   See

Pa.R.A.P. 2101, 2119(a)-(b).

      In his second issue, Appellant argues the trial court erred in entering

the PFA order where the only alleged incidents of abuse occurred more than

seven years before the PFA hearing and the court did not find that he

committed any recent acts of abuse. (See Appellant’s Brief, at 17-18). This

claim is waived and would not merit relief.

      First, in Appellant’s one-half page argument on this issue, he fails to

develop this claim with citation to, and discussion of, pertinent legal

authority.   (See id.).   The argument contains only a brief quotation of

section 6108 of the PFA Act, unaccompanied by any discussion of relevant

law or the facts of this case. (See id.). Thus, he waived this undeveloped

issue for purposes of appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a), (b); 2101.

      Moreover, his claim would not merit relief.    Section 6108 of the PFA

Act provides, in relevant part:

      (a) General rule.—The court may grant any protection order
      or approve any consent agreement to bring about a cessation of
      abuse of the plaintiff or minor children. The order or agreement
      may include:

             (1) Directing the defendant to refrain from abusing
             the plaintiff or minor children.



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J-A14038-16


                                   *     *    *

              (4) Awarding temporary custody of or establishing
              temporary visitation rights with regard to minor
              children. . . .

                                   *     *    *

              (6) Prohibiting the defendant from having any
              contact with the plaintiff or minor children, including,
              but not limited to, restraining the defendant from
              entering the place of employment or business or
              school of the plaintiff or minor children and from
              harassing the plaintiff or plaintiff’s relatives or minor
              children.

                                   *     *    *

     (d) Duration and amendment of order or agreement.—A
     protection order or approved consent agreement shall be for a
     fixed period of time not to exceed three years. . . .

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6108(a)(1),(4),(6), (d).

     The PFA Act defines the term “Abuse” in pertinent part as follows:

“Knowingly engaging in a course of conduct or repeatedly committing acts

toward another person, including following the person, without proper

authority, under circumstances which place the person in reasonable fear of

bodily injury.” 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 6102(a)(5).

     With respect to the timing of a defendant’s abusive conduct, this Court

has stated:

     . . . [I]t [is] within the trial court’s discretion to hear any
     relevant evidence that would assist it in its obligation to assess
     [an] appellee’s entitlement to and need for a protection from
     abuse order. If the trial court [finds] the testimony to involve
     events too distant in time to possess great relevance to the
     case, it [can] certainly . . .     assign[] less weight to the


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J-A14038-16


     testimony. However, it [is] not an abuse of discretion for the
     trial court to hear the evidence. Past abusive conduct on
     [an] appellant’s part [is] a crucial inquiry necessary for
     entry of a proper order.

Raker v. Raker, 847 A.2d 720, 726 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citation omitted;

emphasis added) (finding appellant’s argument that testimony regarding

previous incidents of abuse too remote to be considered by court meritless).

     Here, Appellee testified at length regarding Appellant’s controlling

behavior and verbal abuse, and indicated that he berated her with

derogatory comments on a daily basis during their marriage.       (See N.T.

Hearing, 9/10/15, at 27-28).       Appellant’s behavior grew increasingly

intimidating and volatile, and he threatened to kill her while she was

pregnant, and to abort A.B. himself.   (See id. at 29-31, 48).    The abuse

became physical, and Appellee described instances during which Appellant

knocked a metal clothing rack on her, and threw a mug of coffee at her and

A.B. when A.B. was a few weeks old. (See id. at 31-34). In November of

2008, Appellant punched Appellee in the chest, knocking her to the floor and

the breath out of her lungs; police arrested him as a result. (See id. at 35-

36, 62-63).

     Appellee further testified that in December of 2012, in the afternoon

following a custody proceeding, an unidentified assailant attacked her with a

knife. (See id. at 41-43). She suffered a deep cut in her throat very close

to an artery, requiring fifteen stiches.   (See. id. at 43-44).     Although

Appellee does not think Appellant was the assailant, she believes he

arranged the attack through contacts he developed working as an

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undercover police officer.    (See id. at 43).    Appellee and A.B. went into

hiding on the advice of law enforcement as a result of the incident. (See id.

at 44). In July 2014, during a supervised custody visit at which the parties

were to have no contact, Appellant exhibited menacing behavior towards

Appellee, walking towards her and smirking while A.B cried. (See id. at 61-

62, 71-73). Appellee averred that she is afraid of Appellant and cannot trust

him because of his pattern of volatile and abusive behavior, which shows

that he is capable of extreme violence. (See id. at 44-45, 48).

       After considering the testimony at the hearing, the trial court

determined that Appellant had engaged in a course of conduct towards

Appellee and A.B. that would place them in reasonable fear of bodily injury,

and it issued an order in accordance with section 6108 of the PFA Act. See

23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 6108, 6102; (see also Trial Ct. Op., at 4-5; Final PFA

Order, 9/15/15, at 1-5). After review of the record, we discern no basis on

which to disturb the trial court’s determination. See Ferko-Fox, supra at

920. Appellant’s second issue is waived and would not merit relief.

       In his third issue, Appellant argues the trial court abused its discretion

in entering the PFA order where the purpose of the PFA Act is not to penalize

past conduct, but to prevent future abuse.       (See Appellant’s Brief, at 18-

19).   In his fourth issue, Appellant contends that the court abused its

discretion in continuing the temporary PFA order at the June 8, 2015

hearing. (See id. at 19). These issues also are waived.




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      Specifically, Appellant did not assert that the court’s PFA order is

punitive and inconsistent with the purpose of the Act in his Rule 1925(b)

statement.    (See Rule 1925(b) Statement, 11/10/15, at 1-3). Nor did he

include any claim regarding continuation of the temporary order. (See id.).

Therefore, his final two issues on appeal are waived.       See Pa.R.A.P.

1925(b)(4)(vii); Lazarski, supra at 464. Accordingly, we affirm the order

of the trial court.

      Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.




Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary



Date: 8/5/2016




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