MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),                                     FILED
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any                            Nov 15 2018, 10:10 am

court except for the purpose of establishing                               CLERK
                                                                       Indiana Supreme Court
the defense of res judicata, collateral                                   Court of Appeals
                                                                            and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.


ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT                                  ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
MOTHER                                                  Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Danielle L. Flora                                       Attorney General of Indiana
Fort Wayne, Indiana                                     David E. Corey
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT FATHER                           Deputy Attorney General
                                                        Indianapolis, Indiana
Gregory L. Fumarolo
Fort Wayne, Indiana



                                          IN THE
    COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In the Termination of the Parent-                       November 15, 2018
Child Relationship of: S.T.,                            Court of Appeals Case No.
Ph.T., and C.T., Minor                                  18A-JT-910
Children,                                               Appeal from the Allen Superior
W.J., Mother, and P.T., Father,                         Court
                                                        The Honorable Charles F. Pratt,
Appellants,
                                                        Judge
        v.                                              The Honorable Lori K. Morgan,
                                                        Magistrate
The Indiana Department of
                                                        Trial Court Cause Nos.
Child Services,                                         02D08-1701-JT-5
Appellee.                                               02D08-1701-JT-6
                                                        02D08-1701-JT-7




Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-910 | November 15, 2018               Page 1 of 13
      Brown, Judge.


[1]   W.J. (“Mother”) appeals the involuntary termination of her parental rights with

      respect to S.T., Ph.T., and C.T. P.T. (“Father,” and together with Mother,

      “Parents”) appeals the involuntary termination of his parental rights with

      respect to Ph.T., and C.T.1 We affirm.


                                         Facts and Procedural History

[2]   S.T. was born in September 2010, Ph.T. was born in September 2012, and C.T.

      was born in July 2013. In March 2015, the Department of Child Services

      (“DCS”) filed an amended petition alleging the children were children in need

      of services (“CHINS”). On May 27, 2015, the court issued an order finding the

      children to be CHINS. In its dispositional order, the court ordered the

      children’s continued placement in foster care and that Parents refrain from all

      criminal activity, maintain suitable housing, cooperate with caseworkers,

      submit to a diagnostic assessment and follow all recommendations, and comply

      with other requirements of a parental participation plan.


[3]   On February 1, 2016, the court issued a permanency plan order which found

      that Mother had not demonstrated an ability to benefit from services, was

      ordered to the Department of Correction (the “DOC”) and her whereabouts

      were unknown, and had not complied with the dispositional decree. The court




      1
       The court also terminated the parental rights of S.T.’s alleged father, who does not participate in this
      appeal.

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-910 | November 15, 2018                    Page 2 of 13
      found that Father had not completed substance abuse treatment, was on a

      second referral and was complying with Dockside services, had sporadic visits

      with the children, and had two negative drug screens. The court ordered a

      permanency plan of reunifying Ph.T. and C.T. to the custodial care of Father

      and placing S.T. in the legal custody of Father, as well as a concurrent

      permanency plan of termination of parental rights with adoption for the

      children. On July 21, 2016, it issued an order stating that Mother could not be

      located and failed to maintain regular visitation and communication with DCS,

      and that Father had failed to participate in therapy and regular visitation.


[4]   On October 31, 2016, the court issued another permanency plan order in which

      it found that the children had been removed from the custodial parent’s home

      for nineteen of the prior twenty-two months; that Mother had failed to

      participate in therapy, cooperate with homebound services, or refrain from

      criminal activity; that her whereabouts were unknown and a warrant had been

      issued for her arrest in a criminal proceeding; and that Father had continued to

      engage in criminal activity and had not had stable housing during the reporting

      period. The court also ordered a permanency plan of termination of parental

      rights with adoption for the children.


[5]   On January 4, 2017, DCS filed petitions for termination of Parents’ parental

      rights as to the children, and termination proceedings were held on June 20,

      August 24, August 31, and December 12, 2017.




      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-910 | November 15, 2018   Page 3 of 13
[6]   On March 12, 2018, the trial court terminated the parental rights of Parents as

      to the children and made a number of factual findings. With regards to Mother,

      the court found that, during the CHINS proceedings, DCS had made referrals

      for services for her, a case manager for Dockside met with her and they set

      goals of working on housing, budgeting, transportation, and obtaining

      employment, Mother met sporadically with the case manager and did not meet

      the goal of obtaining independent housing or transportation, and services ended

      in July 2015 due to her incarceration. It found Mother has a history of criminal

      activity including convictions for theft, false informing, conversion, and neglect

      of a dependent, has violated the terms of her probation and has been in and out

      of incarceration during the course of the CHINS case, was incarcerated at the

      time of the termination hearings, and was expected to be released in January

      2018. The court found Mother completed a diagnostic assessment with Park

      Center but failed to appear for her subsequent counseling session and her case

      was closed. It found that she did not have stable housing during the CHINS

      proceedings, lived with Father and his aunt for four to five months in 2015,

      lived with Father and his friend for a short period and was incarcerated for

      several months that year, and lived with her grandmother in 2016 when she was

      not incarcerated. It also found the children had been in their foster home since

      July 2015, Mother’s last visit with the children was in October 2015, and

      Mother did not have employment during the CHINS proceedings, received

      social security benefits when she was not incarcerated, and had not provided

      material or financial support.



      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-910 | November 15, 2018   Page 4 of 13
[7]   With respect to Father, the court found that, during the CHINS proceedings,

      DCS made referrals for Father; he and his home-based services provider set

      goals of working on coping skills and anger management and participating in

      individual counseling and substance abuse counseling; he worked with the

      provider for approximately nine months and was compliant; and Father and

      Mother were to participate in couples’ counseling but were unable to do so due

      to their patterns of incarceration. It found Father had supervised visits through

      Dockside from September 2015 through February 2016, missed two weeks of

      visitations in September 2015 and three in December 2015, last visited with his

      children through Dockside in February 2016 and failed to appear for additional

      visits, informed Quality Counseling in September 2016 that he was moving out

      of state and would no longer be able to visit, and had not visited his children

      since September 24, 2016. It found a referral was made in April 2015 for Father

      to participate in substance abuse counseling but he never participated and his

      case was closed in July 2015. The court further found that Father has a history

      of engaging in criminal activity and at the time of the termination hearings he

      was incarcerated for strangulation as a level 6 felony and misdemeanor battery

      as a class A misdemeanor;2 that he was originally sentenced to two years

      suspended and placed on probation which was transferred to Florida in

      September 2016; and that in September 2016 he entered a plea of no contest to

      assault of a law enforcement officer in Florida for which he was sentenced to




      2
          The record shows that Father was convicted of domestic battery as a class A misdemeanor.


      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-910 | November 15, 2018               Page 5 of 13
      ten days. It found that his probation in Fort Wayne was revoked in April 2017

      due to the assault conviction and he was ordered to serve two years on his

      original sentence, and he anticipated he would be released from incarceration in

      February 2018. The court found Father did not have stable housing or

      employment during the CHINS proceedings, did not provide material or

      financial support, testified that he is married to another woman and has seven

      other children but is not ordered to pay support for them, and advised that he

      wants the opportunity to take care of the children who are the subject of these

      proceedings. At the time of the termination hearing, both parents were

      incarcerated.


[8]   The court determined that, by clear and convincing evidence, there is a

      reasonable probability that the reasons that brought about the children’s

      placement outside the home will not be remedied and that, despite the

      provision of services and the orders of the court, Parents did not participate in

      and demonstrate that they benefited from services between the time of the

      preliminary inquiry until the time of the termination hearing.


[9]   In addition, the court found that termination of Parents’ parental rights is in the

      best interests of the children. It found the children had been removed from

      Parents’ home and residing in foster care for more than two years; they are

      well-bonded with their foster parents and progressing well; and their foster

      parents desire to adopt and are willing and able to provide them with a safe and

      stable home. The court noted the children’s special needs and their

      participation in counseling and therapy, and their need for permanency and

      Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-910 | November 15, 2018   Page 6 of 13
       stability. It found that DCS proved by clear and convincing evidence that it has

       a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the children which is adoption.


                                                   Discussion

[10]   In order to terminate a parent-child relationship, DCS is required to allege and

       prove, among other things:


               (B) that one (1) of the following is true:

                       (i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions
                       that resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for
                       placement outside the home of the parents will not be
                       remedied.

                       (ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation
                       of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-
                       being of the child.

                       (iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been
                       adjudicated a child in need of services;

               (C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and

               (D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of
               the child.

       Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2). If the court finds that the allegations in a petition

       described in Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4 are true, the court shall terminate the parent-

       child relationship. Ind. Code § 31-35-2-8(a).


[11]   The State’s burden of proof for establishing the allegations in termination cases

       “is one of ‘clear and convincing evidence.’” In re G.Y., 904 N.E.2d 1257, 1260-

       1261 (Ind. 2009) (quoting Ind. Code § 31-37-14-2), reh’g denied. This is “a

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-910 | November 15, 2018   Page 7 of 13
       ‘heightened burden of proof’ reflecting termination’s ‘serious social

       consequences.’” In re E.M., 4 N.E.3d 636, 642 (Ind. 2014) (quoting In re G.Y.,

       904 N.E.2d at 1260-1261, 1260 n.1). “But weighing the evidence under that

       heightened standard is the trial court’s prerogative—in contrast to our well-

       settled, highly deferential standard of review.” Id. We do not reweigh the

       evidence or determine the credibility of witnesses, but consider only the

       evidence that supports the judgment and the reasonable inferences to be drawn

       from the evidence. Id. We confine our review to two steps: whether the

       evidence clearly and convincingly supports the findings, and then whether the

       findings clearly and convincingly support the judgment. Id. Because a case that

       seems close on a “dry record” may have been much more clear-cut in person,

       we must be careful not to substitute our judgment for the trial court when

       reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence. Id. at 640. The involuntary

       termination statute is written in the disjunctive and requires proof of only one of

       the circumstances listed in Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B).


[12]   Mother claims that DCS failed to present clear and convincing evidence that

       the conditions resulting in the children’s removal had not been remedied and

       points to her acknowledgement that she could have participated more diligently

       in services and her testimony that she planned to do whatever she could to

       reunify with the children. Mother also states that she had a release date of

       January 30, 2018, she has since been released, and her short-term incarceration

       does not justify the termination of her parental rights.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-910 | November 15, 2018   Page 8 of 13
[13]   Father states it is clear that he had compliance issues with the parent

       participation plan in the CHINS case. He asserts that, while the court made

       negative findings regarding his housing, counseling, visitation, and criminal

       history, it did not appropriately credit his efforts and what he had

       accomplished. He argues he moved from Chicago to Fort Wayne to care for

       his children when Mother was jailed for shoplifting in January 2018, that one of

       his therapists indicated he had no problems with Father, and that, while he

       missed some visits, the assessment for the other visits was that he was very

       attentive and showed affection to the children. Father also challenges the

       court’s best interests and satisfactory plan findings.


[14]   DCS maintains that Mother does not specifically challenge any of the court’s

       findings of fact, the court’s findings support its judgment, Mother relies heavily

       on her own testimony, and her arguments are requests to reweigh the evidence.

       It argues that Mother, at best, participated minimally in services when she was

       not incarcerated, she had been incarcerated since January 2017, the children

       had been in their foster placement since July 2015, and Mother had not visited

       the children since early October 2015. DCS contends Father had been

       incarcerated since March 2017 and stated his release date was in February 2018

       and that, even if he made improvements, which it argues the record does not

       reflect, a court can give more weight to a parent’s history than to efforts made

       shortly before termination.


[15]   In determining whether the conditions that resulted in the children’s removal

       will not be remedied, we first identify the conditions that led to removal and,

       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-910 | November 15, 2018   Page 9 of 13
second, we determine whether there is a reasonable probability that those

conditions will not be remedied. See E.M., 4 N.E.3d at 642-643. In the second

step, the court must judge a parent’s fitness as of the time of the termination

proceeding, taking into consideration evidence of changed conditions,

balancing a parent’s recent improvements against habitual patterns of conduct

to determine whether there is a substantial probability of future neglect or

deprivation. Id. We entrust that delicate balance to the trial court, which has

discretion to weigh a parent’s prior history more heavily than efforts made only

shortly before termination. Id. Requiring courts to give due regard to changed

conditions does not preclude them from finding that a parent’s past behavior is

the best predictor of her future behavior. Id. The statute does not simply focus

on the initial basis for a child’s removal for purposes of determining whether a

parent’s rights should be terminated, but also those bases resulting in the

continued placement outside the home. In re N.Q., 996 N.E.2d 385, 392 (Ind.

Ct. App. 2013). A court may consider evidence of a parent’s prior criminal

history, history of neglect, failure to provide support, lack of adequate housing

and employment, and the services offered by DCS and the parent’s response to

those services, and, where there are only temporary improvements and the

pattern of conduct shows no overall progress, the court might reasonably find

that under the circumstances the problematic situation will not improve. Id. A

parent’s habitual patterns of conduct must be evaluated to determine the

probability of future neglect or deprivation. See K.T.K. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child

Servs., Dearborn Cty. Office, 989 N.E.2d 1225, 1231 (Ind. 2013). Individuals who


Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-910 | November 15, 2018   Page 10 of 13
       pursue criminal activity run the risk of being denied the opportunity to develop

       positive and meaningful relationships with their children. Id. at 1235-1236.


[16]   To the extent Parents do not challenge the trial court’s findings of fact, the

       unchallenged facts stand as proven. See In re B.R., 875 N.E.2d 369, 373 (Ind.

       Ct. App. 2007) (failure to challenge findings by the trial court resulted in waiver

       of the argument that the findings were clearly erroneous), trans. denied.


[17]   Mother refers to her testimony “[m]y plans are stability and to still go through

       court and do whatever I can to try to still get my kids.” Transcript Volume 1 at

       93. The record reveals, however, that Mother failed to refrain from criminal

       activity, maintain suitable housing, and cooperate with caseworkers. At times

       her whereabouts were unknown. She failed to regularly participate in

       individual counseling and couples’ counseling, was unable to provide a suitable

       home or provide materially or financially, and failed to visit with the children

       even when she was not incarcerated. The children had been in their current

       foster home since July 2015 and Mother’s last visit with them was in October

       2015.


[18]   As for Father, the record reveals that he did not complete substance abuse

       treatment, failed to participate in therapy and regular visitation, continued to

       engage in criminal activity, and had not had stable housing. Father did not

       provide material or financial support for the children, his drug usage risked the

       children’s safety and well-being, and he testified that he is married to another




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-910 | November 15, 2018   Page 11 of 13
       woman and has seven other children for whom he is not ordered to pay

       support.


[19]   Based upon the court’s findings and the record, we conclude that clear and

       convincing evidence supports the trial court’s determination that there is a

       reasonable probability that the conditions leading to the children’s removal will

       not be remedied.


[20]   In determining what is in the best interests of a child, the trial court is required

       to look beyond the factors identified by DCS and to the totality of the evidence.

       McBride v. Monroe Cty. Office of Family & Children, 798 N.E.2d 185, 203 (Ind. Ct.

       App. 2003). In so doing, the court must subordinate the interests of the parent

       to those of the children. Id. Children have a paramount need for permanency

       which the Indiana Supreme Court has called a central consideration in

       determining the child’s best interests, and the Court has stated that children

       cannot wait indefinitely for their parents to work toward preservation or

       reunification and courts need not wait until the child is irreversibly harmed such

       that the child’s physical, mental, and social development is permanently

       impaired before terminating the parent-child relationship. In re E.M., 4 N.E.3d

       at 647-648. However, focusing on permanency, standing alone, would

       impermissibly invert the best-interests inquiry. Id. at 648. The court appointed

       special advocate testified that termination of parental rights with adoption was

       in the best interests of the children. Based on the testimony, as well as the

       totality of the evidence in the record and set forth in the court’s termination



       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-910 | November 15, 2018   Page 12 of 13
       order, we conclude that the court’s determination that termination is in the best

       interests of the children is supported by clear and convincing evidence.


[21]   In addition, adoption is a “satisfactory plan” for the care and treatment of a

       child under the termination of parental rights statute. In re B.M., 913 N.E.2d

       1283, 1287 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009). This plan need not be detailed, so long as it

       offers a general sense of the direction in which the child will be going after the

       parent-child relationship is terminated. In re Termination of Parent-Child

       Relationship of D.D., 804 N.E.2d 258, 268 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans. denied.

       DCS’s case manager testified that DCS had a plan for the care and treatment of

       the children and that the plan was to continue to ensure their safety and well-

       being and for them to be adopted.


                                                   Conclusion

[22]   We conclude that the trial court’s judgment terminating the parental rights of

       Mother and Father is supported by clear and convincing evidence. We find no

       error and affirm.


[23]   Affirmed.


       Altice, J., and Tavitas, J., concur.




       Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-JT-910 | November 15, 2018   Page 13 of 13
